The fast development of millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless communications and the associated concerns of potential negative impact on human health instigates the study on effects of mmWave frequency on the human body after exposure to electromagnetic field in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature rise in computer simulation technology (CST). SAR distributions due to radiating source antenna were investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method in single and layered human tissues by examining the 1 g SAR (gram mass averaging) and point SAR (without mass averaging) at mmWave frequencies of 28, 40 and 60 GHz. The bioheat equation was used to find the temperature elevation in tissues. The FDTD grid size used in the computation was 1.00, 0.75, and 0.50 mm at 28, 40 and 60 GHz, respectively. The results concluded that at the radiated power of 20 and 24 dBm, SAR levels (without mass averaging) in the tissues at 28 GHz were less than 40 and 60 GHz. It was found that the temperature increase in the three layer model was 2–3 times higher than that in the single layer model. However, the temperature elevation never exceeded 1◦C in all the determined cases which was well below the threshold value for the generation of any adverse thermal effects in the tissues. Moreover, the effect of distance between the source and tissue model was investigated. It was found that the SAR decreased as the distance increased from the radiating source. The results presented here will assist researchers in examining and simulating the performance of upcoming mmWave wireless networks in terms of exposure to human tissues.


WT5"BZ]In this paper, Gaussian 3 method has been employed to study decomposition reaction of O 3 . The results shows that the singlet state of O 3 is relative steady, but the triplet state of O 3 is easy to decompose into O 2 and O( 3 P). [WT5"HZ]


Mobile Agents are an effective paradigm for distributed applications, and are particularly attractive in a dynamic network environment involving intermittently connected devices. One of the strengths of mobile agent computing is the possibility of moving complex processing functions to the location where huge amounts of data are to be processed. This paper gives a brief introduction to mobile agents and their suitability in mobile computing environment.


In the course of the summer 1892, I had occasion to visit and examine the drainage area of the Lake of Zurich, including that of the Wallensee; and this gave rise to some interesting observations relating more especially to the origin of those lakes, to the high degree of purification of their waters by chemical and mechanical agency, and to some noteworthy effects of certain geological changes in their watersheds.


The recurrence interval is the expected length of time intervening between consecutive geophysical events. The interest in this work is in episodic (catastrophic or cataclysmic) phenomena such as large floods or rare earthquakes, i.e., events that have a long-term recurrence meaningful in the scale of geologic time. Using probabilistic reasoning, the relationship between the recurrence interval and the distribution of geophysical events, the concept of risk, the memoryless property of the distribution of the time to the next episode, and the behavior of the "excess" time to the next event are examined. Also examined is the contrast between the necessary statistical conditions required for the mathematical analysis of the aforementioned variables and geoclimatic changes inherent to natural processes that give the classical analysis of the recurrence of extreme geophysical phenomena and the risk presented by their potential occurrence a somewhat limited value. Our analysis includes annual and partial duration series.


The Public Health Service and the Bureau of Mines are conducting a joint study to evaluate a number of flue-gas-stream components from coal-burning power plants. Emissions of fly ash, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, polynuclear hydrocarbons, total gaseous hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, certain metals, and carbon dioxide are determined. A previous paper covered air pollutant emissions from vertical-fired and front-wall-fired power plant boilers. This paper includes a comparative evaluation of emissions from a tangential-fired and a turbo-fired power plant boiler.


Abstract In this paper, the authors introduce weak martingale Hardy-type spaces associated with a quasi-Banach function lattice. The authors then establish the atomic characterizations of these weak martingale Hardy-type spaces. As applications, the authors give the sufficient conditions for the boundedness of σ-sublinear operators from weak martingale Hardy-type spaces to a quasi-Banach function lattice. Furthermore, the authors clarify the relation among different weak martingale Hardy-type spaces in the framework of a rearrangement-invariant quasi-Banach function space. Finally, the authors apply these results to the weighted Lorentz space and the generalized grand Lebesgue space.


Hydraulic control systems for regulating the transfer of bales in an apparatus for gathering bales and methods for transferring bales that use such control systems are disclosed.


Association rule mining is to find association relationships among large data sets. Mining frequent patterns is an important aspect in association rule mining. In this paper, an efficient algorithm named apriori-growth based on apriori algorithm and the FP-tree structure is presented to mine frequent patterns. The advantage of the apriori-growth algorithm is that it doesn't need to generate conditional pattern bases and sub-conditional pattern tree recursively. Computational results show the apriori-growth algorithm performs faster than apriori algorithm, and it is almost as fast as FP-growth, but it needs smaller memory.


This article provides a thorough analysis of the crystallization process of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT). Isothermal crystal growth rates have been experimentally measured between 459 and 491 K, and analyzed according to the Hoffman and Lauritzen theory. A II-III regime transition occurs at 484 K, accompanied by a change in crystal morphology. By means of a non-linear fitting procedure, precise values of the nucleation constant K g were obtained. The lateral surface free energy a was calculated and, from this, the a parameter of the Thomas-Staveley expression was obtained.


Educational organisations are being influenced by s everal aspects such as political environment, deterioratin g f ancial aid from the government, rising aspirations of first ge neration learners in higher education and so on. Along with this, the society is investing huge amount of human, financial and mater i l resources in establishing and running institutions of higher l arningmaking it imperative to study the effectiveness of educationa l institutions. The present study therefore attempts to ascertain the f actors influencing organisational effectiveness in the educational sec tor with students' academic performance asan indicator. The researcher has identified four variables that are expected to influence organ isational effectiveness measured in terms of academic perform ance. These factors include organisational health, psychologica l well-being of students, satisfaction with quality of campus life and student engagement. The study has adopted the descriptive m ethod of the correlational type. The sample comprised of 273 pos t graduate students of University of Mumbai selected randomly through stratified random sampling techniques. When analyse d using multiple regression techniques, it was found that 8 .48%, 15.29%, 22.70% and 26.08% of the variance in academic perfo rmance is contributed by organisational health, psychological well-being of students, satisfaction with quality of campus life and student engagement respectively. In all, 72.55% of the vari ance in academic performance is explained by the variables included in the study.


N this paper the structure of the FCE examination is reviewed. The analysis of the examination results at Tomsk Polytechnic University (local sessions 2013-2014) was carried out to determine the most difficult papers of the exam and the correlation between English proficiency level and difficulty (based on the certificate band scores). This work will be useful for EFL teachers, students, FCE candidates.


A description of the physical dimensions and the performance parameters of the Budd SPV2000 are presented. Various features of the train are reported. Among them are scheduled time on four nonelectrified U.S. rail corridors, passenger comfort, energy consumption, passenger safety, and development status. A review of the anticipated performance of the SPV2000 on four nonelectrified corridors is made. This performance is compared with that of existing corridor rolling stock for a SPV consist with the same seating capacity of the baseline train. The results are based on performance data supplied by the Budd Company. At this writing only a single prototype SPV2000 has been built. It is undergoing service evaluation on several U.S. railroads.


This paper will address the issue of phonological acquisition and disorders from the perspective of markedness. Research on language acquisition has recognized that a child's speech production at the early stages is influenced by unmarked structures (e.g. [1]), hence, this type of data plays an important role in testing the basic assumptions of markedness theory. Furthermore, in addition to normal acquisition data, pathological data also has the potential to provide new insights to better understanding the mechanism that underlies markedness and linguistic theory. The aim of this paper is to explore how linguistic theory can account for phonological acquisition and disorder data by focusing on Optimality Theory, one of the leading phonological theories proposed at present.


City leisure space is the support and carrier of leisure and recreational activities. It r is related to the leisure quality level and life satisfaction. The paper investigates historical evolution of Changzhou city leisure space, and analyzes the present situation of Changzhou leisure space elements. Furthermore, it constructs the Changzhou city leisure space system, including community leisure space, public leisure space and commercial leisure space. Then the paper investigates citizens' leisure motivation and numerical cognition of leisure space element, and uses SPSS20.0 to carry out the statistical analysis. Finally it puts forward Changzhou city leisure space adjustment strategies.


Master Thesis Post-Graduation in Linguistics Studies Federal University at Santa Maria, RS, Brazil REPRESENTATIONS OF WORKING TEACHERS OF PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN TRAINING AUTHOR: Wendel dos Santos Lima ADVISER: Marcia Cristina Corrêa Date and place: Santa Maria, July 17, 2014 This research discusses the teaching work in the perspective of SocioDiscursive Interactionism SDI (Bronckart, 2009) and analyzes the representations of the educational activity of graduating students of Letras at a public university in the state of RS. The theoretical framework is based on the SDI in particular in shed that discusses the work of teachers (Bronckart; MACHADO, 2004; 2009). The methodology follows the assumptions of analysis of SDI (Bronckart 1999, 2006, 2008 , AXE, 2004, 2009; AX; Bronckart, 2004, 2009) examines excerpts from a corpus whose source texts are produced by six academics, in an interview situation, ar 8 semester of the course. The analysis and discussion of results focus on the thematic content of these texts in relation to choice of course, the "desire" to be teacher, "to be a teacher" and teaching as work. The results indicate that entering graduate degree in Letras came not with the intention of becoming a teacher of Portuguese Language and / or Literature and in relation to "be a teacher", the representation that stands out most is the one that places the teacher as the agent of the teaching / learning and the representations presented as educational work process also appear quite limited.


Primary infection with the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) results in fatal infectious mononucleosis in up to 70% of males affected by the X‐linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP). This rare disease is often associated with diverse natural killer (NK)‐, B‐ and T‐cell deficiencies. We describe experiments testing whether the B lymphocytes of affected males play a role in the pathogenesis of XLP due to a low susceptibility to T‐cell‐mediated immunity. Using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry we detected in these B cells the expression of viral proteins EBNA‐1, EBNA‐2, EBNA‐3A, EBNA‐3C, LMP‐1 and LMP‐2A, which provide targets for cytotoxic T cells. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II and the B7 costimulatory molecule were present on the cell surface. Accordingly, the EBV‐infected B cells were lysed in 51Cr‐release assays by T lymphocytes sharing MHC determinants with the targets. This MHC‐restricted and specific lysis was confirmed in competition experiments using MHC‐specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and synthetic peptides. XLP‐derived LCLs could also induce MHC class I‐restricted memory and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, these XLP‐derived B cells resembled normal LCIs in vitro with respect to induction of EBV‐specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL), the ability to present EB viral antigens and the susceptibility to EBV‐specific and MHC‐restricted CTL‐mediated killing. The failure of the immune system to eliminate these virus‐infected B cells in XLP is clearly not caused by a B‐cell‐specific defect. Int. J. Cancer 76:694–701, 1998.© 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The invention provides a filler neck (10) for a fuel tank with the following features available: the filler neck (10) has a front sealing flap (15) for sealing the fuel tank and with the front sealing flap (15) connected to the display (18, 19, 22 ) on; the front sealing flap (15) is mounted such that a nozzle (20) pushes open the front sealing flap (15) when the dispensing valve (20) fully into the filler neck is inserted (10); the front sealing flap (15) is spring loaded such that the front sealing flap (15) closes automatically when the dispensing valve (20) from the filler neck (10) is pulled; and the filler neck (10) is configured such that the display (18, 19, 22) indicative of whether the front sealing flap (15) is opened or closed. The invention further provides a correspondingly equipped motor vehicle.


The marine geophysical survey was conducted using Sub Bottom Profiler and Side Scan Sonar techniques, integrated by petrographic analyses including grain size distribution, mineralogical and fauna analyses of the Hacham island and surrounding area. The island is located in the south part of the Khor Al Zubair channel southwest of the Basrah, Southern Iraq. The study aims to determine the origin and stages of the island formation. This study concluded that there is more than one factor that contributes forming this island represented by tectonic, morphological and sedimentological factors. The results of marine geophysical surveys revealed that the island and its surroundings were affected by the neotectonic activity that exposed the lower part of the Mesopotamian Basin, which in turn caused the lower part of the Khor Al-Zubair channel to meander eastward because of its impact by the fault that separated Warbah island from the Iraqi coast, forming Khor Shaitanah. The meandering of the Khor Al-Zubair course was accompanied by a decrease in flow velocity and thus a decrease in the channel's ability to carry more sediments, therefore the Khor has to take another course, this waterway separated the island from the main east Iraqi coast. The results of the grain size distribution, mineral identification and fauna analyses indicated a variety of sediment supplying sources of the island, represented by the floods deposits of rivers and side drifts of the surrounding area, in addition to the aeolian deposits transported from the west and northwest Dibdibba Formation. The present study also concluded that the central East shore part of the island is exposed to erosion as a result of a submerged wreck in the waterway that separates the island from the coast.


Research and development of works sited at Techno-Port Fukui was surveyed. Techno-Port Fukui is one of the most successful industrial parks and 66 blocks out of 77 have been sited. The survey was made on the 40 works among 66 who accepted the interview, to know the present status of the research and development activity and the possibility of their further development.The research and development efforts of manufacturing industries are classified into several patterns. Trial to develop new products in terms of new technology requires risk, time and the investment of management resources, and limited enterprises can take the risk. Small organizations can try only exploration of new application of existing technology or the manufacturing technology improvement.Most of the works have their headquarters out of the park and only 7 are the independent corporations, among which only one has its substantial management capacity within the park. Most of the works have no concern on the development of new technology and new products except the improvement of manufacturing technology. The fact is quite in contrast to the other small works of the Fukui Prefecture in the glass-frame or fabric industries.The certain increase of employment and tax revenue might be effected from the industrial park, but neither the industrial activity of Fukui in general nor the activity of the local area have been energized due to the park.


Simple Summary Wild mice live in territories inhabited by one adult male, several females, and their offspring. This cannot be replicated in the laboratory, so male mice are usually housed in single-sex groups or individually. However, there can be serious animal welfare problems associated with both these approaches, such as lack of social contact when housed individually or aggression between males when kept in groups. Group housing is widely recommended to give male laboratory mice the opportunity to behave as 'social animals', but social stress can be detrimental to the welfare of these animals, even without injurious fighting. All of this can also affect the quality of the science, giving rise to ethical concerns. This review discusses whether it is in the best welfare interests of male mice to be housed in groups, or alone. We conclude that it is not possible to give general recommendations for good practice for housing male laboratory mice, as responses to single- and group-housing can be highly context-dependent. The welfare implications of housing protocols should be researched and considered in each case. Abstract It is widely recommended to group-house male laboratory mice because they are 'social animals', but male mice do not naturally share territories and aggression can be a serious welfare problem. Even without aggression, not all animals within a group will be in a state of positive welfare. Rather, many male mice may be negatively affected by the stress of repeated social defeat and subordination, raising concerns about welfare and also research validity. However, individual housing may not be an appropriate solution, given the welfare implications associated with no social contact. An essential question is whether it is in the best welfare interests of male mice to be group- or singly housed. This review explores the likely impacts—positive and negative—of both housing conditions, presents results of a survey of current practice and awareness of mouse behavior, and includes recommendations for good practice and future research. We conclude that whether group- or single-housing is better (or less worse) in any situation is highly context-dependent according to several factors including strain, age, social position, life experiences, and housing and husbandry protocols. It is important to recognise this and evaluate what is preferable from animal welfare and ethical perspectives in each case.


Amplitude and phase errors are an important factor that can restrict the performance of array antenna. This paper analyzes the statistical performances of the radiation pattern and the power pattern of uniform circular array, and calculates the effect of amplitude and phase errors on antenna gain, sidelobe level and beam width of uniform circular array. The analysis and theoretical results derived here are verified by computer simulation.


Two plant species, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), were used for in-depth studies on the dynamics of silicon (Si) uptake and translocation to the shoots and compartmentation of Si in the roots. The experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in nutrient solutions, which were partly amended with 1 mM Si in the form of silicic acid. At harvest, xylem exudates were collected, and Si concentrations and biomass of roots and shoots were determined. Mass flow of Si was calculated based on the Si concentration of the nutrient solution and transpiration determined in a parallel experiment. Plant roots were subjected to a fractionated Si analysis, allowing attributing Si to different root compartments. Silicon concentrations in the roots compared to the shoots were higher in tomato but lower in bitter gourd. A more ready translocation from the roots to the shoots in bitter gourd was in agreement with Si concentrations in the xylem exudates which were higher than in the external solution. In tomato, the xylem-sap Si concentration was lower than in the nutrient solution. Calculated Si mass flow to the root exceeded Si uptake in tomato, which was consistent with the measured accumulation of Si in the root water-free space (WFS). In contrast, Si concentration in the root WFS was lower than in the nutrient solution in bitter gourd, reflecting the calculated Si depletion at the root surface based on the comparison of Si mass flow and Si uptake. Within the roots, more than 80% of the total Si was located in the cell wall and less than 10% in the cytoplasmic fractions in tomato. In bitter gourd, between 60% and 70% of the total root Si was attributed to the cell-wall fraction whereas the proportion of the cytoplasmic fraction reached more than 30%. Our results clearly confirm that tomato belongs to the Si excluders and bitter gourd to the Si-accumulator plant species for which high Si concentrations in the cytoplasmic root fraction appear to be characteristic.


It is the report of a clinical case of a patient who was diagnosed with mental and behavioural disorders secondary to injury, dysfunction or cerebral disease (prefrontal ventrodorsal syndrome) plus diencephalic syndrome, and treated in a multidisciplinary way; the man at this time is found in good conditions contrary to what due to the natural evolution of his suffering would be waited for, for over half and a year since the psychiatric treatment.


A simple synthesis of dimethyl 3,10-dihydro-1,12-dihydroxy-4,5,8,9-tetramethoxy-3,10-dioxoperylene-2,11-dicarboxylate (2), a key intermediate in the synthesis of the Elsinoe pigments, is described, and the unusual mass spectrometric fragmentation of compound (2) and some related compounds, with loss of one oxygen atom, is discussed.


Design of vocational career refers to one person exploits his advantages to the full on the basis of his interest and character. During the period of abundance of talented people, design of vocational career is a kind of effective way of giving expression to the human - oriented sense of management. Meanwhile, it is the optimal tactics of obtaining "win- win" result. It is of vital significance to help staff to recognize themselves, put themselves in proper places, set up feasible objectives.


Spatial resolution represents a key performance aspect in electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) systems. Factors affecting the resolution include the "soft-field" nature of ECVT, the number of capacitance channels used, the ill-conditioned nature of the imaging reconstruction problem, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement apparatus. In this study, the effect of choosing different numbers of capacitance plates on the performance of ECVT is investigated experimentally. Specifically, two ECVT sensors with 12 and 24 capacitance channels but covering equal volumes of a cylinder are used to examine the resulting impact on the image resolution.


The communication network of power system is often damaged after a disaster. To solve this problem, this paper uses ant colony algorithm to find the optimal circuitous route. Simulation results show that the method is fast, which can accelerate the recovery of the communication network. Besides, this paper does some research on the dead end problem, and analyses relationship between degree of adjacency and ratio of coming to a dead end. The result shows that the efficiency of ant colony algorithm can be improved only if it tries to avoid coming to dead ends.


The tunneling frequencies of two‐top molecules have been computed by the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrices. For three solids, (CH3)2O, (CH3)2S, and (CH3)2CH2, whose tunneling frequencies have been determined, it has been found that the ratio of V6/V3 ranges from −0.05 to −0.14. For given torsional frequencies, the F′ term in the Hamiltonian may have a significant effect on the tunneling frequencies, but the cosine–cosine and sine–sine coupling terms have little effect on the tunneling frequencies. The observed torsional and tunneling frequencies of (CH3)2CO and CH3C≡CCH3 are also discussed in terms of the two‐top model.


To coat with much of lubricating grease is an effective approach to slow down the wearing and rusting trend of each mechanism, the lubricating grease must be removed before grease-change maintenance and overhauling of the artillery. At present, the grease removing methods mainly include physical heating, mechanical removal, chemical cleaning, etc. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, this paper proposes to use the technology of a high-pressure water jet cleaning. This method overcomes the problems in the process of grease removal.


This research was designed to form better dielectric composite material using one steady state dielectric with a good dielectric material. Distinct dielectric composite was successfully produced using locally sourced kaolinite clay. The samples were made using kaolinite as the base matrix and Strontium Titanate (ST) added in varying ratios. Strontium Titanate were synthesized via solid‐state reaction using Strontium Carbonate and rutile Titanium (IV) Oxide with sintering at 1300 °C. Local white kaolinite was used to fuse the barium titanate material in varying weight ratios. The powders were dry‐mixed and made into pellets for calcination at 1000 °C. The dielectric measurements were carried out using the HP 4291B Impedance Analyzer dielectric setup. Three samples were prepared, namely 10%ST, 20%ST and 30%ST. The dielectric measurements were carried out at room temperature. Microwave region measurements showed steady state and linear dielectric relaxation ranging from 7 in the control sample and dropping d...


One of theimportant factors thatdetermine the performance ofRFID(Radio frequency Identification) system is whether thedesign oftheRFIDtag antennaisabletoachieve an effective matching between theantennaanditschip. Thepaper studies howthechanges ofantenna's geometry parameters affect bothreal andimaginary part ofimpedance ofslot antennabyusing theMOM (Method ofMoment) andthenpresents an effective method, whichachieves quick andeffective matching through changing thegeometry parameters ofthebentslot antenna. Thepaper further validates itsmethodbydesigning a slot antennafora setof chips at915MHz frequency bandthrough simulation. Thetest results showthat thematching between slot antennaandtagchip has high matching speed, high efficiency andexcellent directivity. And thetestalsoproves that theantennasatisfies theRFIDapplication requirements. Allthese results further validate thereliability ofthe presented matching method. RFID(radio frequency identification) usesRFsignals to identify objects automatically. Itbecomes a rapidly developing automatic identification technology andits applications include electronic tollcollection, asset identification, retail itemmanagement, accesscontrol, and vehicle security, etc. RFIDsystem consists ofradio frequency tags, readers anda hostcomputer. A typical RFIDtagconsists ofan antenna andanintegrated circuit (chip). Thechip isusually placed right attheterminals ofthetagantenna.Tag antennasandchips havecomplex impedance. The imaginary part ofchip impedance isusually negative and thevalue ofimaginary part isusually muchbigger than that oftherealpart. During RFIDtagantennadesign, the matching between antenna andchip isoneoftheimportant factors whichdetermine theperformance ofRFIDsystem. Thefast match rule between antennaanditschip isalways animportant goal forresearchers anddesigners. Atpresent, there aresome types oftag antennas(1)(2), such asdipole antenna, folded dipole antenna, inverse F-type antenna, fractal antenna, etc.They arethetransfigurations ofhalf wave dipole. Theirlengths appearlarge (their length is about 112). Itisnoteasyfortagantenna tomatchwith chip, andtheir bandwidth issomewhat narrow for applications. Theirfabrication isrelatively complex. Therefore, those types arenotsuitable forRFID's wide applications. Slot antennahasmanyattributes oflowprofile, ease fabrication, widebandwidth andeasyintegration with


Hypertension is a major risk factor for cerebral vascular disease (CVD). Previous studies have only focused on cerebral artery disease, failing to attach importance to the role of the cerebral venous system in CVD. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural change of jugular veins and to explore whether Eph-B4/caveolin-1 (Cav1) pathways plays a role in jugular venous changes caused by arterial hypertension. A stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat (RHRSP) model was established. Expression of MMP-9, EphB4, Cav-1, and p-Cav-1 was detected through Western blot, PCR, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence. Jugular veins in the RHRSP group were thicker than those in the sham group, as were the intima of the jugular veins, mainly composed of type I collagen. Compared to the sham group, expression of Eph-B4 was significantly decreased and levels of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and phosphorylated Caveolin-1 (p-Cav-1) were significantly increased in jugular veins of the RHRSP group. Furthermore, endothelial p-Cav-1 and Eph-B4 were found to be diminished in jugular veins of the RHRSP group. Arterial hypertension caused venous collagenosis in the jugular veins. These changes may be strongly related to Eph-B4 and its downstream factor Cav-1/p-Cav-1.


There is increasing interest in the management of premature ejaculation (PE), including the search for improved pharmacological approaches triggered by the potentially very large marketing opportunity. Just how large the market may be is difficult to predict. Estimates are based on epidemiological findings, but prevalence figures vary greatly depending on the operational definition of PE used in the questionnaires employed in their generation. Numerous definitions and diagnostic criteria have been used. However, there can be little doubt that PE is the most frequent sexual symptom among men (1). Masters and Johnson considered a man to have PE 'if he can not control his ejaculatory process for a sufficient length of time during intravaginal containment to satisfy his partner in at least 50% of their coital connections' (2). They do not define partner's satisfaction, but many workers consider it to mean orgasm attainment (3). However, almost a third of women report inability to experience orgasm (4). Furthermore, a woman who dislikes intercourse might be highly satisfied if it lasts only a very short time. Hence, for these reasons, Masters and Johnson's definition of PE is not valid. For similar reasons, the World Health Organization's definition of PE ('the inability to control ejaculation sufficiently for both partners to enjoy sexual intercourse') (5) is also unrealistic. Whilst Masters and Johnson, the WHO and many other workers include partners' wishes or behaviour in the diagnostic criteria for PE, The American Psychiatric Association includes the issue of distress; 'Persistent or recurrent ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation before, on, or shortly after penetration and before the person wishes it. The disturbance causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulty' (6). The inclusion of distress is important. Although recent research has shown that PE is associated with reduced sexual satisfaction and increased distress and interpersonal difficulty (7) other research suggests that not all men who ejaculate rapidly are distressed by it; nor are their partners. In a Swedish study only 49% of men who reported ejaculating soon after intromission considered it a problem and only 38% of women considered it a problem (8). In determining whether a patient meets their diagnostic criteria for PE, the American Psychiatric Association tells clinicians to take into account factors that affect duration of the excitement phase [of the sexual response], such as age, novelty of the sexual partner or situation, and recent frequency of sexual activity (6). Hence, application of the diagnostic criteria requires considerable knowledge of the psychophysiological factors that influence ejaculatory activity. Clinicians untrained in sexual dysfunction may not have such knowledge and may judge a patient's ejaculatory function in comparison to their personal experience, their expectation of normality or rely entirely on the patient's self diagnosis of ejaculating too quickly. However, many patients have unrealistic expectations as illustrated by the results of a survey involving over 7000 men who were asked if they ejaculate too soon after penetration or find that they are not able to continue intercourse as long as they think they should or would like to (9). About 70% of respondents said that they did but when asked how long they mean, 17% gave the time as over 5 min and 1% gave 90 min! In another study of 152 highly educated heterosexual couples, men's and women's mean ideal duration of intercourse was 18.45 and 14.34 min, respectively, whereas their actual 'performance' was shorter (mean, men 7.86; women 7.03 min) (10). The time interval between penetration and ejaculation is known as the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT). This is measured by a stopwatch, usually operated by the female partner. In a multinational population study involving 500 heterosexual couples, in stable relationships of at least 6 months' duration who were having regular sexual intercourse, the IELT was positively skewed and ranged from 0.55 to 44.1 min (median 5.4) (11). The IELT decreased significantly with age, with the median decreasing from 6.5 min in the 18to 30-year age group to 4.3 min in men over 51 years. Based on these normative data and using a currently accepted epidemiological definition of a disease or disorder (i.e. clinical symptom with a population prevalence of less that two standard deviations below the mean), Waldinger et al., in considering lifelong PE, propose that men with IELT of less than 1 min have definite PE whilst men with IELT between 1 and 1.5 min have probable PE (12). In clinical trials on PE pharmacotherapy it is essential to have a tight definition of PE, perhaps using the IELT criteria mentioned above. IELT can also provide There can be little doubt that PE is the most frequent sexual symptom among men 12 Editorials


Ambiguity is one of the essential features of natural language,this feature plays an important role in guiding the poetry translation,the ambiguity of language caused the ambiguity of translation.There existed lots of ambiguity in ancient Chinese poetry,and in the process of translating the ancient poetry into English,the ambiguity of the original poetry should be fully understood,in the meantime,appropriate translating methods should be taken to achieve ambiguous and dynamic equivalence in terms of the differences of the two languages' ambiguity.


Ultrathin ZIF-8 wrapping was constructed on Au-dotted Ag-nanowires to obtain Ag@Au@ZIF-8. A thin film (Ag@Au@ZIF-8 NWs/TF) was constructed to selectively adsorb and enrich CO2 molecules, which solved the problem that SERS signals could not be detected due to the poor affinity of the metal surface and the low concentration of gas molecules.


A model and computer program were developed to calculate water application depth and uniformity coefficient for small spray nozzles mounted on a center-pivot irrigation system. The program requires two basic inputs. First, the experimental data for the static distribution pattern of the spray nozzle, including collection time, spacing between collection cups, cup opening radius, and volume of water collected in each cup at a specific pressure and height are required. Second, irrigation system inputs including spacing between spray nozzles, distal and tower moving velocity, distance of spray nozzle from the pivot, move stop cycle time, or cycle time, and percentage of moving time from the cycle time, or percentage of moving time are needed. The outputs are water application depth and uniformity coefficient. Experiments were conducted to validate the simulation for various moving velocities, spacing between spray nozzles, cycle times, and percentages of moving time. Results showed that the uniformity coefficient of water distribution was 98.4% of the predicted coefficient and that by changing cycle time or percentage of moving time, the uniformity coefficient was improved by as much as 14.2%


Zhang Yuqing,a famous doctor in Late Qing Dynasty,used zhang Zhongjing's traditional Chinese medicine theory,Confirmed with ther well-known docors' theory,formated a unique theory of traditional Chinese medicine,made outstanding contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine.Zhang Yuqing divided epidemic febrile disease into wind febrile disease.He had a unique understanding of them,so he grasped pathology in prescription,and obtained apparent effect.


Interest in the development of a higher quality academic program at a South Carolina high school in cooperation with the College of Education at the University of South Carolina has brought about the introduction of the International Baccalaureate in secondary school. The introduction of the IB program is a cooperative undertaking between two institutions with a long history of cooperation. This article traces the developmental stages of the program result in the first year of program for rising eleventh graders in August, 1985.


This investigation confirms that silver stearate consists of an infinite‐sheet, two‐dimensional, nonmolecular layered structure. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy reveal the following: plate‐like morphology is identified from the SEM image, XRD peaks can be indexed to the (0k0) reflections of a layered structure, and infrared peaks show that alkyl chains are present in an all‐trans conformational state with little or no significant gauche population. Based on these structural characteristics, we demonstrate that silver stearate, a prototype of layered organic‐inorganic hybrid material, can be grown not only in a designed two‐dimensional pattern but also in three‐dimensionally ordered ways by using carboxyl‐group terminated nanoparticles as a template.


The present experiment was designed to explore the phytotoxic prospective of leaf extract of Pogostemon benghalensis. The aqueous leaf extracts (LE; 2% and 4%) significantly supressed the germination and seedling growth of Avena fatua.. Besides, the growth of A. fatua, chlorophyll content and dry weight of test weed, also declined in response to LE treatment. Further, another experiment was designed to explore its phytotoxic potential under field conditions. The results showed that the Pogostemon LE significantly retarded the germination and growth of weeds, compared to control. The effect of Pogostemon leaf extract treatment was comparable to the effect of commercial herbicide, butachlor. Therefore, Pogostemon leaf extracts can be used as bio-herbicide in agro-ecosystem.


Summary. Three IgM human monoclonal antibodies to Jkb, and one IgM human monoclonal antibody to Jka were produced from the lymphocytes of two immunized donors. Two of the anti‐Jkb monoclonal antibodies (MS‐7 and MS‐9) are of the IgM(κ) isotype and one (MS‐8) is an IgM(λ). The anti‐Jka monoclonal antibody (MS‐15) is of the IgM(κ) isotype. They are all specific for their respective antigens, and give positive agglutinations in saline by the immediate spin technique, even against Jk(a + b +) cells. The heterohybridomas have been shown to be suitable for bulk culture and produce levels of antibody that reach 18 μg/ml in the spent culture supernatant. They offer considerable advantages over currently available reagents in terms of stability, simplicity and speed of use, and will provide a reliable and unlimited supply of what are at the moment rare and unsatisfactory antibodies.


The places thought as marks refer to the positioning of countries, cities or destinations and their respective strategies of valorization. These place marks can be built organically or through allusive strategic planning. This article aims to present the role of the Mountain Do Praia do Rosa sporting event in the strengthening the brand of the Praia do Rosa - Imbituba / SC, based on the impacts that the event brings to the place. Characterized as a case study, the data collection of this research was composed by a questionnaire with 850 athletes participating in the event, a questionnaire with 32 tourism ventures in the lodging and food segment, as well as an interview with managers of four companies in the tourism sector and the manager of the company organizing the event. Tourism has contributed to the economic and social development of Praia do Rosa and the indicators in several segments of the production chain demonstrate the positive impact of Mountain Do on the economy of the locality. As the only major event to occur in the off-season, visitor movement locks establishments strengthening the region's economy and generating temporary functional occupations. Besides the financial and social benefits to the city, the accomplishment of the sporting event associates Praia do Rosa with the practice of healthy activities. This composition of the brand identity of the place and the respective perceived image characterize and strengthen the brand 'Praia do Rosa'.


In this study,we investigated the effect of bio-floating bed on growth and muscle quality of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)and blunt snout bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)in ponds.Two modes of culture ponds were chosen:one equipped with bio-floating bed was the experimental pond,and the other without beds was the control pond.At the end of the experiment,we measured the growth parameters,the muscle conventional nutrients,water holding capacity(WHC),and texture characteristics using biochemical and physical methods.The results showed that the final weight of fish cultured in the experimental pond was higher than that in the control pond.The hepatic somatic index of grass carp(1.77%)in the experimental pond was significantly lower than that of the control(2.47%).The condition factors of grass carp and blunt snout bream(1.73 and 2.56,respectively)were significantly higher than those of the control(1.64 and 2.40,respectively).There was no significant difference in the eviscerated weight of both carp and bream between the experimental(91.06 and 88.28,respectively)and the control(89.22 and 88.49,respectively)ponds.The drop loss(14.49% and 10.69,respectively)and water loss rate(17.52% and 10.34%,respectively)of the experimental grass carp and blunt snout bream were significantly lower than those of the control.The cooked rate of the experimental fish was significantly higher than the control.The muscle crude fat content(1.89%)and crude protein content(14.60%)of grass carp in the experimental ponds were significantly higher than those of the control(1.54% and 13.46%),whereas muscle water content(81.68%)of the experimental fish was significantly lower than that(82.65%)of the control.There is no significant difference in muscle ash content between the two groups.Unlike grass carp,only muscle crude protein content(17.23%)of the experimental bream was significantly higher than that(15.90%)of the control.The muscular hardness,gumminess,and chewiness of the experimental carp(5 298.10 g,2 450.78 g and 770.78 g,respectively)were significantly higher than those of the control(3 226.79 g,1 881.43 g and 602.80 g,respectively).The resilience(0.31)and cohesion(0.48)of experimental carp were significantly lower than those(0.43and0.58,respectively)of the control.However,only the muscular springiness of the blunt snout bream in the experimental pond was significantly higher than that in the control pond.


After describing the optimum order o f matrix chain multiplication probl em,this paper analyses the optimum solution structure of the qu estion and puts forward several kinds of commonly used algorithms which s olve the problem.The algorithms include exhaustive search,direct recursio n matrix chain method,dynamic programming and memorization technique.The article also discusses the algorithms ' time complexity and space complexity.Finally the article gives out comparison and summary about the efficiency of the a bove algorithms.


This article reveals the role and description of business processes in the effective management of an enterprise and studies the main factors affecting the effectiveness of a business process. It also substantiates the need to create a business process management system at the enterprise, which will unite all the links of its work, will allow the enterprise to correctly assess the prospects for business development and find the best solution to achieve its goals. Disputes in science do not end; in contrast, they attract special interest for the researcher. To reasonably prove your opinion to the opponent, it is necessary to specifically understand the essence of the concept of this problem. That is why, in the article, an attempt was made to reveal the various opinions of scientists who gave their interpretations in disclosing the problems that arise in the business process.
KEYWORDS: business processes, efficiency, modeling, approach, order, management, enterprise.


melody as its prolongation, Etler's debt to Schenker is most obvious. The model is then paired with an added voice and used as a basis for writing two-voiced works, and with a third voice as the basis for three-voice counterpoint. The techniques developed are extended to provide more freedom, and the book ends with a series of composition assignments. Etler touches base with most current concerns about music materials, although his posture is slanted toward conservative applications of twentieth-century thought. His text will give a student who follows its precepts a good, disciplined skill in writing, especially if the precepts are internalized through a parallel emphasis on "hearing" mentally the values that are at the core of it. Interestingly, Etler does not erase the "theory teacher bias," which for centuries has influenced writing by making rules about what not to write. Of the forty-eight rules he gives in his checklist, thirty-one are negative. It also seems that the sections on twoand three-voice writing become bogged down in detail. Having said all that, I feel that Etler has made a significant contribution to music and the pedagogy of music theory. His emphasis on sensitivity to interval roots, stability versus intensity, resolution patterns, balance, grace, and interest leads toward a refined musicianship that we need more of these days.—Merrill Bradshaw, Professor of Music, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah


Methods to emphasize outlines form a major branch of nonphotorealistic rendering. Recently, McGuire and Hughes [2004] have demonstrated how to render stylized outline strokes entirely with graphics hardware, extending an approach proposed by Card and Mitchell [2002]. To this end, not only the original 3D mesh but also additional geometry is sent to the graphics card. The additional geometry contains degenerated quadrangles along all edges of the original mesh. A special vertex shader tests for each edge if it forms a border between a frontand a back-facing polygon. If so, the zero-area quadrangle is extruded into a visible fin.


The co-cured joint is an efficient joining technique because both curing and joining for composite structures are achieved simultaneously. In this paper, the torque capacities of the co-cured tubular lap joint with and without knurling of the pyramid type were experimentally measured. From the experiment, it was found that the excess resin of composite prepreg should not be extracted much because the excess resin played a role as an adhesive in the co-cured tubular lap joint whose steel adherends were not knurled. Also, it was found that the torque capacity of the co-cured joint was increased as the knurling size of the pyramid type on the surface of the steel adherend was increased.


The aim of this paper is to find an optimal replacement of equipment in the warehouse of the company. Real data for the machines are used and are processed with appropriate software. The mathematical model is made for this problem as problem for the shortest path from graph theory. The solution is made by Bellman's principle.


Automating the cartographic generalisation process has been the focus of much research. It has repeatedly been reported that one critical task is to model the spatial relationships between map features to understand their meaning and importance for the target map. This paper will review the different spatial structures that are usually used by researchers to support their automatic generalisation solutions. This paper then proposes a model for building and storing a proximity graph between features. This model has been designed for supporting generalisation. This means that the graph works as a logical structure that links the features together by references, allowing fast analysis. Different types of graphs are presented. An efficient technique is described to build a triangulation on a set of features, as well as the tools to derive the other types of graphs from it. These tools have been implemented, the results are presented in the paper.


In low water head hydraulic constructions, a common hydraulic problem is energy dissipation about small Froude number water flow, which energy dissipation is less efficiency. Some supplementary structures are generally applied in stilling pool to get better result of energy dissipation. Based on the energy dissipation experiment of a block on Yishu River, two kinds of supplementary dissipater with more efficiency in small Froude number flow are given. [WX(5KG0,41]


The problem of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of two counseling procedures which were used with college students on academic probation. The functions of the problem were: 1. To determine whether there were any differences on selected variables among three groups of college students on academic probation who participated in individual counseling, in group guidance, or were given no formal counseling. 2. To determine the degree to which the relative effectiveness of group guidance, individual counseling, and no counseling was related to the scholastic aptitude of the students.


The holy month of Ramadan is usually a time of celebration and renewal in Muslim countries. This paper examines whether or not this is reflected in positive calendar anomalies effects in Islamic Middle Eastern stock markets during the period 1992–2007. Strong evidence is found of significant and positive calendar effects in respect to the whole period of Ramadan in most countries and it is argued that this can be attributed to the generally positive investor mood, or sentiment. Although Ramadan is a time of celebration for Muslims it also can be a time of uncertainty and this appears to result in the impact of the festival not being uniformly positive throughout Ramadan. It is found that market returns in the first and last days of Ramadan show high levels of statistically significant year-on-year variation. It is argued that this can possibly be attributed to synchronization-related herding effects amplifying the impact of the mood swings associated with this period. The paper also finds that although the overall Ramadan effect is both positive and statistically significant for most countries, the associated gains were only large enough to outweigh transactions costs and provide the basis of a profitable trading strategy in one market.


Report and detailed appendix describe protective coat of SiOx (where x is 1.9 - 2.0) on Kapton H(R) polyimide sheet. Surface film protects substrate from bombardment by atomic oxygen. Intended for use as blanket substrate material of flexible array of solar photovoltaic cells on Space Station Freedom.


The inverse problem of wave equation is the importance of study not only in seismic prospecting but also in ap-plied mathematics. With the development of the research, the inverse methods of 1 - D wave equations have been trending to-wards the multiple parameters inversion . We have obtained an inverse method with double - parameter, in which medium density and wave velocity can be derived simultaneously. In this paper, to increase the inverse accuracy, the method is im-proved as follows. Firstly, the formula in which the Green Function is omitted are derived and used. Secondly, the regulari-zing method is reasonable used by choosing the stable function. With the new method, we may derive elastic parameter and medium density or medium density and wave velocity. Thus, lithology parameters for seismic prospecting may be obtained. After comparing the derived values from the new method with that from previous method, we obtain the new method through which substantially improve the derived accuracy . The new method has been applied to real depths inversion for sedimentary strata and volcanic rock strata in Chaoyanggou Terrace of Songliao Basin in eastern China. According to the inverse results, the gas - bearing beds are determined.


Skiing tourism, as an important part of tourist industry, has about one hundred years history in the west countries where people regard it as one of the most popular way of relaxiation Skiing Tourism is rather new in China now and still has a long way to go. Heilongjiang province, as the first province to develop skiing, definitely has certain advantayes in our country by making use of the favorable conditions for the sustainable development.


Abstract This paper presents a new approach to the analysis and understanding of beam wave interaction taking place in fast-wave devices (beamlet theory). The theory takes fully relativistic effects into account, and, as it turns out, is applicable to slow-wave interactions as well. This is achieved by defining a generalized electromagnetic field whose polarization, phase velocity and origin need not be known to solve the relativistic equation of motion under small-signal conditions. As a result, two distinct but fundamental classes of interactions can be defined, referred to herein as synchronous and resonant. The characteristics of both classes of interactions are discussed in details and exemplified by the interactions taking place in gyrotrons and peniotrons. As a consequence, a systematic classification of commonly used high power microwave tubes is presented, and two new TM interactions occurring close fo waveguide cut-off are identified. The Pierce gain parameter is defined in terms of coupling and...


The thin flesh sculpture of the Flying Sky mural in the Seven Buddha Pavilion of the fourth cave of Maijishan was created in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, which is the product of the fusion of Buddhist art and traditional Chinese culture. Among them, the mural uses the method of combining painting and sculpture, which is rare and novel, which not only fully reflects the intelligence and extraordinary creativity of ancient artists in China, but also has high artistic value for Buddhist sculpture art in China. Taking "thin meat sculpture" as the research object, this paper analyzes and elaborates on the historical development of Northern Zhou statues, the overview of thin meat sculpture murals, their characteristics and artistic achievements, explores the relationship between the artistic techniques of painting and sculpture and Chinese sculpture and murals, and studies the significance of thin meat sculpture in the development of Chinese Buddhist sculpture and mural art.


Background. Adenomyosis is a common condition that causes substantial morbidity. Until recently, the reference standard for a definitive diagnosis was histology of hysterectomy specimens. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may allow accurate non‐invasive diagnosis. Objective. To compare the diagnostic accuracy of these techniques. Design. Systematic review with meta‐analysis. Population. Women who had ultrasound and/or MRI, and whose results were compared with a reference standard. Methods. Electronic searches were conducted in literature databases from database inception to 2010. The reference lists of known relevant articles were searched for further articles. Selected studies reported data on ultrasound and/or MRI with histological confirmation of diagnosis. Two reviewers independently selected articles without language restrictions, and extracted data in the form of 2 × 2 tables. We computed sensitivity and specificity for individual studies and pooled these results in a meta‐analysis. We also performed meta‐regression to examine how the index tests compared on diagnostic accuracy. Results. Twenty‐three articles (involving 2,312 women) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Transvaginal ultrasound had a pooled sensitivity of 72% (95% CI 65–79%), specificity of 81% (95% CI 77–85%), positive likelihood ratio of 3.7 (95% CI 2.1–6.4) and negative likelihood ratio of 0.3 (95% CI 0.1–0.5). MRI had a pooled sensitivity of 77% (95% CI 67–85%), specificity of 89% (95% CI 84–92%), positive likelihood ratio of 6.5 (95% CI 4.5–9.3), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1–0.4). The results show that a correct diagnosis was obtained more often with MRI. Conclusion. Transvaginal ultrasound and MRI show high levels of accuracy for the non‐invasive diagnosis of adenomyosis.


The state of height growth spurt of 6~18 years old children and the change of the content of elements Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn,Se,Pb in serum before and after the period of height growth spurt were reported.The result indicates that the age of the beginning,the peak,and the end of height growth spurt of the femalt are about 2 years earlier then the male.In these three periods of height growth,the content of Ca,Mn,Cu,Se,Pb in serum change greatly or extremely greatly.After the period of height spurt,the level of element Ca in serum is lower,element Mn is higher.The level of elements Se,Pb reduces gradually.The content of element Cu in serum of girls is higher than boys,but other elements,there is no great difference.


An axial flow research compressor facility, which is designed for relative flow measurement, is described in this paper. The facility has a rotating probe traverse mechanism which is capable of traversing hot wire, pitot and other probes at 0.09 deg intervals across the rotor blade passage. The data transmission system includes rotating transducers, pressure transfer device, ten-channel mercury slip ring unit, scanivalve, etc. The instrumentation includes on-line data processing capability. A brief description of probes used as well as some typical data on the rotor blade static pressure, rotor endwall flow and rotor wake characteristics are given in the paper.


Two quadrature rules for the approximate evaluation of Cauchy principal value integrals, with nodes at the zeros of appropriate orthogonal polynomials, are discussed. An expression for the truncation error, in terms of higher order derivatives, is given for each rule. In addition, two theorems, containing sufficient conditions for the convergence of the sequence of quadrature rules to the integral, are proved.


In this work, we investigate a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) aided integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) scenario, where a base station (BS) communicates with multiple devices in a full-duplex mode, and senses the positions of these devices simultaneously. An RIS is assumed to be mounted on each device to enhance the reflected echoes. Meanwhile, the information of each device is passively transferred to the BS via reflection modulation. We aim to tackle the problem of joint localization and information retrieval at the BS. A grid based parametric model is constructed and the joint estimation problem is formulated as a compressive sensing (CS) problem. Moreover, an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is applied for tuning the grid parameters to mitigate the model mismatch problem. Finally, we analyze the efficacy of various CS algorithms through the Bayesian Cramér-Rao bound (BCRB). Numerical results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scenario and the superior performance of the proposed EM-tuning method.


Cognitive radio (CR) and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) have attracted much interest recently due to the amazing ability to accommodate more users and improve spectrum utilization. This paper investigates the QoS-aware user selection approach for massive MIMO underlay cognitive radio. Two main CR scenarios are considered: 1) the channel state information (CSI) of the cross channels are available at the secondary base station (SBS), and 2) any CSI of cross-network is unavailable at SBS. For the former, we develop the low-complexity increase-user-with-minimum-power algorithm (IUMP) and decrease-user-with-maximum-power algorithm (DUMP) which both can address the problem of user selection with power allocation. However, the CSI is typically not available in practice. To address the intractable issue, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based approach, which can enable the SBS to realize efficient and intelligent user selection. The simulation results show that the IUMP and DUMP algorithms have obvious performance advantages over traditional user selection methods. In addition, results also verify that our constructed neural network can efficiently learn the optimal user selection policy in the unknown dynamic environment with fast convergence and high success rate.


The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has the potential to improve healthcare for hundreds of thousands of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) in the United States. The ACA offers many benefits including consumer protections, Medicaid expansion, and private insurance reform, but there are significant, regional differences in healthcare coverage based on state Medicaid expansion status and variations in qualified health plans (QHPs). Most changes were implemented in 2014, including the elimination of private insurance exclusions for preexisting conditions, the law expanding Medicaid eligibility, and requirements that insurance plans provide essential health benefits and restrict cost sharing (deductibles, copayments, and out-ofpocket costs) [1]. The goal for eligible individuals is an increase in insurance coverage and a reduction in reliance on federal "safety net" funds, such as the RyanWhite HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) for PLWH. For 2 decades, the Ryan White Part B program has allowed funding for medications through the AIDS Drug Assistance Program (ADAP) as a "payer of last resort" for uninsured and underinsured PLWH. Now, in an effort to improve enrollment in QHPs, the HIV/AIDS bureau allows ADAP funds to be used to cover copayments, deductibles, and premiums associated with QHP coverage [2]. Owing to differences in Medicaid expansion by state, experts anticipate potential coverage gaps that will probably require additional resources, namely, funding through RWHAP [3]. Initially, the national political climate and slow adoption of Medicaid expansion made it challenging to predict the impact of the ACA [4]. Now, more than 2 years since many ACA provisions went into effect in 2014, it is critical that providers and policy makers evaluate changes in healthcare coverage and clinical outcomes for PLWH to ensure optimal health benefits in the ACA era. Berryand colleagues [5] studied changes in insurance coverage for PLWH after the ACA. This study analyzed regional differences in ACA provisions and state Medicaid expansion status by evaluating 10 geographically diverse sites in the HIV Research Network. The authors specifically studied coverage for HIV provider visits at sites in various stages of Medicaid expansion (previously expanded, recently expanded, or not expanded). The objective was to evaluate changes in insurance coverage before and after the law expanding Medicaid eligibility went into effect in January of 2014 (2011–2013 vs first 6 months of 2014). Berry et al [5] one of the most striking observations is that sites in nonexpansion states serve a disproportionately large percentage of uninsured PLWH, the population upon which the ACA focused in order to enhance health access and equity. Even before 2014, these nonexpansion states already needed more additional resources than expansion states who ultimately adopted Medicaid expansion. The nonexpansion states rely on RWHAP funds for a much greater percentage of HIV provider visits (>50%) than sites in other states. Access to QHPs does not mitigate this disparity: even in the ACA era, nonexpansion states need a significant amount of RWHAP resources as an essential "safety net" to provide care to PLWH in their regions. Although Berry et al [5] were unable to assess insurance eligibility, it is probable that the nonexpansion sites included in this analysis, located in Texas and Florida, serve a greater percentage of immigrants who are ineligible for QHPs. The finding that Hispanic ethnicity is associated with uninsured and/or uncompensated HIV provider visits supports this hypothesis. Sites serving patients who are ineligible or unable to enroll in QHPs will continue to lean heavily on RWHAP funds to provide continued care for PLWH. Berry et al [5] highlights limitations of ACA coverage and continued reliance on RWHAP resources, which was observed at all sites. Despite Medicaid expansion in 2001 and further eligibility expansion in 2014, New York–based sites had Received and accepted 7 April 2016; published online 3 May 2016. Correspondence: M. J. Mugavero, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BBRB 206-H, 845 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 352942170 (firstname.lastname@example.com). Clinical Infectious Diseases 2016;63(3):404–6 © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw280


This study demonstrates, by way of numerical simulation, the potential utility of variable dampers for controlling structural response under seismic loads. Standard control theory is difficult to apply in a straightforward fashion in this case because the equation of motion includes the damping coefficient, which needs to be controlled instantaneously. The equation is nonlinear in the sense that the control uses feedback information involving the structural response itself. A bang- bang control and instantaneous optimal control algorithms are developed to control the damping coefficient. The effects of these control algorithms on the reduction of absolute acceleration of the girder and relative displacement between the girder and piers are examined for girder bridges. Promising results are obtained in reducing seismic responses.


SUMMARY It is shown that the active compensated non-inverting voltage controlled voltage source (VCVS) structures employing two operational amplifiers (op-amps) may be classified into two major classes. Class 1, in which the phase compensation condition does not depend on the unity-gain bandwidth of the op-amps used, and class 2, in which the phase compensation condition depends on the unity-gain bandwidth of both op-amps. Detailed comparison tables which include the condition for phase compensation, the phase error, the magnitude error and the realizable bandwidth are given.


The University of Hartford mechatronic curriculum incorporates a language-neutral teaching approach for mechatronics system design courses that links the educational experience more closely with the processes and projects found in industry. Mechatronics education at the University of Hartford focuses on four categories; components (sensors and actuators), computer interfacing electronics, systems (modeling, analysis, simulation, and control), and language-neutral visual programming environments for implementation. The last category is especially important when one considers the extent of general software knowledge in mechanical engineering and the complexity of the language based software development process for developing real time embedded applications. The goals of this paper are to describe (1) the University of Hartford mechatronic curriculum, (2) the language-neutral teaching approach for mechatronics, and (3) a low cost technology demonstrator, developed and refined by the authors, which is suitable for studying the key elements of mechatronics including system dynamics, sensors, actuators, and computer interfacing.


The symbiotic Hymenoptera associated with the Australian banyan figs Ficus macrophylla and F. rubiginosa and established in New Zealand are listed and keyed. Pseudidarnes minerva (Girault), Sycoscapter australis (Froggatt) and Megastigmus sp. are new records for the N.Z. fauna. Pseudidarnes minerva was found to contain dimorphic males, and an uncommon apterous morph is described.


a d ˆ´ e ´´ ˆ ´ Abstract Objective: Transplantation of skeletal myogenic precursor cells (mpc) into the myocardium using a non-surgical procedure. Methods:  Closed-chest mpc transplantation was assessed in pigs using the NOGA-Biosense device allowing both electromechanical mapping of the left ventricle (LV), and guided mpc injections through endocardium. Results: We successively established that: (1) adequate preimplantation handling of mpc can be achieved when mpc are kept in 0.1% serum albumin-containing medium until implantation; (2) mpc are neither retained nor destroyed in the catheter or the needle and their passage does not affect their survival, growth and differentiation; (3) large numbers of autologous mpc can be actually transplanted in the LV myocardium by transendocardial route, as assessed by post-mortem examination of pigs injected with iron-loaded mpc; (4) cell injection into the myocardium does not induce conspicuous cell mortality since more than 80% of mpc recovered from LV tissue are alive 15 min after injection; (5) mpc injections can be guided into circumscribed LV targets such as infarcted areas, as assessed by comparison of map injection sites with location of iron-loaded mpc at post-mortem examination of LV myocardium. Conclusion: This new approach may pave the way for a large spectrum of cell therapies targeting myocardial diseases.  2003 European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


In Alaska, an unprecedented dieback and mortality of Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia has occurred which stimulated an effort to determine causal agents of the disease. In Europe, similar dieback and mortality of Alnus incana and Alnus glutinosa has been attributed to root rot by a spectrum of newly emergent strains in the hybrid species Phytophthora alni. The variable hybrids of P. alni were grouped into three subspecies: P. alni ssp. alni (PAA), P. alni ssp. multiformis (PAM), and P. alni ssp. uniformis (PAU). From 2007 to 2008, we conducted a survey of Phytophthora species at 30 locations with stream baiting as used in the 2007 national Phytophthora ramorum Early Detection Survey for Forests in the United States. Additionally, Phytophthora species from saturated rhizosphere soil beneath alder stands were baited in situ using rhododendron leaves. We discovered PAU in rhizosphere soils in 2007 at two sample locations in unmanaged stands hundreds of miles apart, on the Kenai Peninsula and near Denali National Park. PAA was reported to be the most aggressive and pathogenic to alders and PAM and PAU were significantly less aggressive than PAA, though still pathogenic. To ascertain whether PAU was of restricted distribution due to recent introduction, or widespread distribution, we extended the survey in 2008 to 81 locations. Intensive sampling was conducted at five alder stands exhibiting dieback and 10 alder genets per location were excavated to expose nearly the entire root system for evaluation of the severity of root rot, ELISA detection of Phytophthora in diseased roots, and isolation of Phytophthora species. At intensive sites, four bowls each containing 500 ml samples of saturated rhizosphere soil were baited by floating three detached leaves of Rhododendron spp. for a 2-week period. Leaves were rinsed and sealed in plastic bags and shipped to the laboratory where leaf tissues were placed in PARPH-V8 agar selective for Phytophthora spp. Phytophthora spp. were identified from DNA sequence of the ITS-rDNA region. The survey yielded some species newly reported for the U.S., including P. aff. gallica,and an undescribed species in Clade 8C closely related to P. ramorum and P. foliorum, and other undescribed species. The Clade 8C species was of restricted range in our isolations, and all 20 isolates were from one location. The species was of interest to researchers developing systems for detection of P. ramorum. Thirty-three isolates of PAU were identified out of approximately 600 isolated and sequenced Phytophthora spp. PAU was collected from 11 geographically distributed stands. Only one isolate was obtained from bait floating in a water course (the Tanana River) out of 81 watercourses sampled. Soil isolates were from four plots in southcentral Alaska along the Kenai and Russian Rivers, and seven plots in the interior, including a plot in Fairbanks, three plots between Delta Junction and Fairbanks along Highway 2, two between Slana and Tok along Highway 1, and one near Denali National Park on Highway 3. PAU was widely distributed and difficult to isolate. Severity of root rot was low, with less than one diseased root discovered per genet, on average. Root rot does not appear to be a significant contributor to the dieback and mortality of alder in Alaska.


Describe lung tissue and central airway mechanics using forced oscillation in preterm rabbits at different gestational ages and after maternal administration of betamethasone (BM).


Warm Compaction of Densmix powders provides means to produce P/M parts with densities in the range of 7.1 to 7.4 g/cc. As most properties are improved by increased density, the warm compaction method offers possibilities to increase the competitiveness of P/M compared to other manufacturing techniques. In this paper a comparison of material properties obtained by two different manufacturing routes is presented. Heat treated properties of some P/M steels after double pressing/sintering are compared with properties obtained with sinterhardening of warm compacted Densmix powders.


Within the framework of peninsular Middle Ages and in concrete to begin the 17th Century regarding repopulation process in the course of conquest zones – we found the feminine presence of some Spanish queens whose work was notable inside her reigns, as the event of Sancha de Leon, Urraca de Leon y Castilla and Maria de Molina. This royal image will be complete to contribution of other centu- ry`s women whose beside to take part in political matters, leave her trace through the written word. Leonor Lopez de Cordoba and Teresa de Cartagena are two examples of this work coming us enriching the medieval literature and demostrating once more the contribution of feminine`s legacy to the history.


IEEE 802.11E is standardized to overcome limitations of IEEE 802.11B. 802.11E differentiates among Access Categories (AC), to provide Quality of Service (QoS). In the convention, 802.11E, random waiting time or the backoff number is selected from a contention window; the probability to select any backoff number is same. In the proposed paper, random waiting time is selected such that it follows Binomial Distribution, hence making the probability of selection unique. The performance of the Voice traffic is studied under varying network load and against varying packet size. The scenario is simulated in C taking two of the four different services- Voice services and Best effort services, and the results convey an improvement in network performance in terms of throughput and delay.


Ci6H22MnN4Oi6S2) monoclinic, P12i/nl (no. 14), a = 7.7703(7) Ä, b = 7.72280 Ä, c = 41.207(4) A, β = 91.627(1)°, V = 2471.8 A, Ζ = 4, R$(F) = 0.051, wR^F 2 ) = 0.128, Τ = 291 Κ. * Correspondence author (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) Source of material A mixture of Mn(CH3COO)2 · 4H20 (0.5 mmol) and JV-2-nitrobenzenesulfonylglycine (1 mmol, 2-NBS-GlyH) in 10 mL H2O was stirred about ten minutes to give a clear solution. Then the pH was adjusted to 6 with 0.1 Μ NaOH solution. The reaction mixture was heated on a water bath for 6 h up to 65 °C, and then filtered. Pink crystals of the title compound were separated from the mother liquor by slow evaporation at room temperature after 3 days. Experimental details While the hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon atoms were added geometrically, the water hydrogen atoms were found from Fourier difference maps and refined freely. Discussion Amino acid is an important biological ligand. It may coordinate to the metal ions by the carboxylate or amino groups. Research on the coordination of metal-amino acid complexes has contributed to our understanding of the function of metal ions in organisms, interactions between amino acids and DNA are of great importance in biochemistry [1-5]. Moreover Λ^-sulfonyl amino acids were found to reproduce the coordination behavior of peptides and their selectivity towards metal ions [6-10]. Thus, it is of great interest in studying the coordination chemistry of JV-sulfonylglycine acid. On the other hand, in recent years, there has been considerable interest in the design and synthesis of manganese(II) complexes. The main reason may be that these complexes can be used for investigation of the exchange coupling interactions between metal ions, as well as for a new variety of molecular-based magnetic materials [11-13]. Furthermore, manganese(II) ion plays an important role in several biological redox-active systems, for example, manganese catalase, manganese superoxide dismutase and oxygen-evolving complexes (OEC) of photosystem Π in green plants [14]. X-ray analysis reveals that the title crystal structure consists of mononuclear complex molecules (figure, top). The 2-NBS-Gly ligand acts as an anion in the complex. The coordination environment around the Μη(Π) ion can be described as a seriously distorted octahedron with three trans angles ranging from 83.61(9)° to 170.80(10)°, whereas each Mn ion is six-coordinated by two carboxylate Ο atoms from two different 2-NBS-Gly ligands and four water Ο atoms. The Mn—0(water) bond lengths are 2.128(2) Ä 2.163(2) Ä, and the Mn—O(carboxylate) bond lengths are in the range of 2.156(2) Ä 2.288(2) Ä, respectively, which are in the normal range of those observed in manganese(II) carboxylate complexes. The two carboxylate groups of 2-NBSGly ligands display the same coordination mode. The carboxyl group coordinates to the Μη(Π) ion in a monodentate mode. Hydrogen bonding appears to be a key factor in defining the molecular packing, and the large network of intermolecular hydrogen 458 Mn(H20)4(C8H7N206S)2 bonds helps to stabilize the crystal structure (figure, bottom). Different kinds of hydrogen bonding are observed in the structure: (a) hydrogen bonding among water molecules (Ο—Ο distances of 2.904(3) A and 2.860(3) Ä, respectively); (b) hydrogen bonding among water molecules and carboxylate oxygen atoms (0—0 distances of 2.659(3) Ä, 2.731(3) Ä, 3.006(4) A, 2.691(3) Ä and 2.800(3) Ä, respectively); (c) hydrogen bonding between water molecules and oxygen atoms of sulfonamide (Ο—Ο distance of 2.809(3) Ä ) ; (d) hydrogen bonding between nitrogen atoms of sulfonamide and oxygen atoms of sulfonamide (Ν—Ο distance of 2.781 Ä) . Neighboring monomeric units interact with each other via Η-bonding to form a 2D network structure. Table 1. Data collection and handling. Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A2). Crystal: Wavelength: MDiffractometer, scan mode: N(hJU) measured > N(hkl) unique Criterion for I&a, N(hkl)#. N(param)K6oed· Programs: pink block, size 0.03 χ 0.20 χ 0.48 mm Mo Ka radiation (0.71073 A ) 7.90 cm"1 Broker SMART CCD, φ/ω 55° 20557,5660 /obs > 2 a(Icbs), 4742 384 SHELXS-97 [15], SHELXL-97 [16] Atom Site X y ζ Uiso H(l) 4e 0.9839 1.1950 0.1270 0.040 H(3) 4e 1.0757 0.8748 0.3821 0.038 H(2A) 4c 0.9234 0.8904 0.1564 0.036 H(2B) 4e 0.8057 1.0540 0.1591 0.036 H(5) 4e 1.0839 0.7699 0.0163 0.053 H(6) 4e 1.0901 0.4868 0.0351 0.057 H(7) 4e 1.1294 0.4307 0.0891 0.054 H(8) 4e 1.1656 0.6545 0.1258 0.043 H(10A) 4e 1.2001 0.9570 0.3370 0.046 H(10B) 4e 1.0397 1.0731 0.3286 0.046 H(13) 4e 0.8920 1.2279 0.4873 0.050 H(14) 4e 0.8908 1.5139 0.4697 0.052 H(15) 4e 0.8712 1.5754 0.4153 0.048 H(16) 4e 0.8531 1.3549 0.3775 0.038 H(1W) 4e 0.998(7) 0.351(3) 0.269(1) 0.09(2) H(2W) 4e 0.985(7) 0.477(6) 0.2942(5) 0.07(2) H(3W) 4e 1.026(6) 0.418(3) 0.198(1) 0.09(2) H(4W) 4e 0.915(4) 0.542(6) 0.1840(9) 0.07(2) H(5W) 4e 0.667(5) 0.772(4) 0.238(1) 0.07(2) H(6W) 4e 0.667(6) 0.618(6) 0.255(1) 0.10(2) H(7W) 4e 1.323(5) 0.670(5) 0.2584(5) 0.05(1) H(8W) 4e 1.344(5) 0.584(4) 0.2294(8) 0.05(1) Table 3. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A2). Atom Site X y ζ l/ii Ü22 1/33 t/12 Un Uzs Mn(l) 4e 1.00552(6) 0.69474(6) 0.24015(1) 0.0217(2) 0.0195(2) 0.0264(2) -0.0006(2) 0.0008(2) -0.0001(2) S(l ) 4e 1.1943(1) 1.0130(1) 0.12305(2) 0.0284(4) 0.0261(4) 0.0287(4) 0.0005(3) 0.0017(3) -0.0002(3) S(2) 4e 0.8269(1) 0.99591(9) 0.37871(2) 0.0276(4) 0.0221(3) 0.0260(4) 0.0004(3) -0.0035(3) -0.0029(3) 0(1) 4e 0.9570(4) 0.9320(3) 0.21528(6) 0.054(2) 0.034(1) 0.040(1) -0.003(1) 0.000(1) 0.013(1) 0(2) 4e 1.0737(3) 1.1817(3) 0.20140(6) 0.050(2) 0.028(1) 0.034(1) -0.006(1) -0.009(1) -0.0016(9) 0(3) 4e 1.2721(3) 0.9240(4) 0.15002(6) 0.037(1) 0.049(2) 0.039(1) 0.011(1) -0.008(1) 0.003(1) 0(4) 4e 1.2873(3) 1.1439(3) 0.10618(6) 0.041(1) 0.034(1) 0.045(1) -0.016(1) 0.007(1) -0.004(1) 0(5) 4e 1.0010(4) 1.1561(3) 0.06153(η 0.064(2) 0.024(1) 0.056(2) 0.008(1) 0.004(1) 0.004(1) 0(6) 4e 1.1687(5) 1.0913(4) 0.02272(7) 0.123(3) 0.055(2) 0.046(2) -0.004(2) 0.033(2) 0.017(2) 0(7) 4e 1.0599(3) 0.8587(3) 0.28176(5) 0.039(1) 0.029(1) 0.024(1) -0.003(1) 0.0053(9) -0.0016(8) 0(8) 4e 0.9321(4) 0.6984(3) 0.31921(6) 0.057(2) 0.039(1) 0.036(1) -0.021(1) 0.014(1) -0.007(1) 0(9) 4e 0.7503(3) 1.0876(3) 0.35155(6) 0.052(2) 0.040(1) 0.038(1) 0.008(1) -0.021(1) -0.002(1) 0(10) 4e 0.7333(3) 0.8586(3) 0.39348(6) 0.038(1) 0.030(1) 0.049(1) -0.013(1) 0.006(1) -0.006(1) 0(11) 4e 0.9989(4) 0.8496(3) 0.44210(7) 0.064(2) 0.026(1) 0.056(2) 0.011(1) 0.005(1) 0.001(1) 0(12) 4e 0.8142(5) 0.9063(4) 0.47849(7) 0.111(3) 0.056(2) 0.048(2) -0.001(2) 0.031(2) 0.020(2) 0(13) 4e 0.9957(3) 0.4616(3) 0.27429(6) 0.036(1) 0.025(1) 0.038(1) -0.001(1) 0.003(1) 0.0001(9) 0(14) 4e 1.0025(3) 0.5275(3) 0.19724(6) 0.043(1) 0.032(1) 0.041(1) 0.006(1) -0.014(1) -0.007(1) 0(15) 4e 0.7287(3) 0.6782(4) 0.24136(7) 0.022(1) 0.040(2) 0.071(2) 0.005(1) 0.007(1) 0.020(1) 0(16) 4e 1.2847(3) 0.6662(3) 0.23833(5) 0.024(1) 0.032(1) 0.028(1) 0.0023(9) -0.0001(9) -0.0028(9) N ( l ) 4e 1.0203(4) 1.0991(4) 0.13532(6) 0.039(2) 0.035(2) 0.026(1) 0.013(1) 0.005(1) 0.004(1) N(2) 4e 1.0960(4) 1.0575(4) 0.04760(7) 0.060(2) 0.027(1) 0.029(1) -0.004(1) 0.001(1) 0.003(1) N(3) 4e 1.0117(4) 0.9296(4) 0.36817(6) 0.035(2) 0.038(2) 0.021(1) 0.009(1) 0.002(1) -0.002(1) N(4) 4e 0.8969(4) 0.9447(4) 0.45506(7) 0.056(2) 0.030(2) 0.028(1) -0.002(1) 0.000(1) 0.002(1) C( l ) 4e 0.9940(4) 1.0452(4) 0.19467(7) 0.028(2) 0.023(1) 0.027(1) 0.002(1) 0.002(1) 0.000(1) C(2) 4e 0.9241(4) 1.0141(4) 0.16054(7) 0.028(2) 0.033(2) 0.028(2) -0.001(1) -0.000(1) -0.004(1) C(3) 4e 1.1435(4) 0.8499(4) 0.09367(7) 0.026(2) 0.020(1) 0.033(2) 0.002(1) 0.007(1) 0.000(1) C(4) 4e 1.1154(4) 0.8810(4) 0.06054(8) 0.035(2) 0.021(1) 0.034(2) -0.000(1) 0.006(1) 0.000(1) C(5) 4e 1.0984(6) 0.7470(5) 0.03838(9) 0.061(2) 0.035(2) 0.037(2) 0.002(2) 0.000(2) -0.009(2) C(6) 4e 1.1033(5) 0.5781(5) 0.0496(1) 0.051(2) 0.027(2) 0.064(3) -0.001(2) -0.002(2) -0.014(2) C(7) 4e 1.1271(5) 0.5447(4) 0.0818(1) 0.044(2) 0.017(2) 0.073(3) 0.001(1) -0.003(2) 0.000(2) m 4e 1.1482(4) 0.6793(4) 0.10388(9) 0.034(2) 0.025(2) 0.048(2) 0.003(1) 0.000(2) 0.009(1) C(9) 4e 1.0138(4) 0.8272(4) 0.31069(7) 0.028(2) 0.029(2) 0.029(2) -0.001(1) 0.003(1) -0.004(1) q i o ) 4e 1.0753(5) 0.9586(5) 0.33582(8) 0.048(2) 0.039(2) 0.029(2) -0.014(2) 0.013(1) -0.009(1) C ( l l ) 4e 0.8631(4) 1.1562(4) 0.40922(7) 0.023(1) 0.019(1) 0.028(1) 0.003(1) 0.001(1) -0.002(1) C(12) 4e 0.8786(4) 1.1220(4) 0.44239(7) 0.033(2) 0.022(1) 0.028(2) 0.001(1) 0.002(1) -0.002(1) C(13) 4e 0.8859(5) 1.2535(5) 0.46522(9) 0.059(2) 0.037(2) 0.030(2) 0.003(2) 0.002(2) -0.010(1) C(14) 4e 0.8840(5) 1.4242(5) 0.45466(9) 0.053(2) 0.028(2) 0.050(2) 0.002(2) 0.000(2) -0.014(2) C(15) 4e 0.8721(5) 1.4608(4) 0.4222(1) 0.043(2) 0.018(1) 0.059(2) 0.004(1) 0.001(2) -0.005(1) C(16) 4e 0.8615(4) 1.3281(4) 0.39949(8) 0.034(2) 0.023(2) 0.038(2) 0.001(1) -0.003(1) 0.003(1) Mn(H20)4(C8H7N206S)2 459 Acknowledgments. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 20471026), the Natural Science Foundation of the Henan province (grant no.0311021200) and the Foundation of Education Committee of the Henan province (grant no. 2006150017).


The invention relates to a wheelchair capable of automatically going upstairs and downstairs. The wheelchair comprises a vehicle frame, a caterpillar track pulley block, an electric box for controlling the caterpillar track pulley block and rear wheels to ascend and descend, and hydraulic arms. The vehicle frame comprises a seat ring and front and back wheel frames. The electric box, the caterpillar track pulley block hydraulic arm and the rear wheel hydraulic arm are fixed on the seat ring. A pulley block loading piece and a front wheel upper wheel rod are installed on the lower end of the front wheel frame, a front wheel lower wheel rod is sleeved on the front wheel upper wheel rod in an up and down sliding manner; a front wheel spring and a guy rope are connected between the front wheel upper wheel rod and the front wheel lower wheel rod, and the guy rope is further connected with a front wheel trigger switch. A rear wheel rod is inserted in the back wheel frame in a sliding manner, and the rear wheel rod is movably connected with the rear wheel hydraulic arm. The front end of the caterpillar track pulley block is movably connected with the pulley block loading piece, and the middle back part of the caterpillar track pulley block is movably connected with the caterpillar track pulley block hydraulic arm. A triggering pulley rotating shaft and a triggering pulley are installed on the back part of the caterpillar track pulley block, and a triggering pulley spring is installed on the triggering pulley rotating shaft and is connected with a triggering pulley trigger switch. A triggering plate and a limiting plate are arranged on the front part of the caterpillar track pulley block, and upper and lower trigger switches are arranged on the limiting plate. The wheelchair can automatically go upstairs and downstairs so that the automation degree is high, and is suitable to be used by the crowds incapable of walking and the elders.


We address the problem of learning new classes for semantic segmentation models from few examples, which is challenging because of the following two reasons. Firstly, it is difficult to learn from limited novel data to capture the underlying class distribution. Secondly, it is challenging to retain knowledge for existing classes and to avoid catastrophic forgetting. For learning from limited data, we propose a pseudo-labeling strategy to augment the few-shot training annotations in order to learn novel classes more effectively. Given only one or a few images labeled with the novel classes and a much larger set of unlabeled images, we transfer the knowledge from labeled images to unlabeled images with a coarse-to-fine pseudo-labeling approach in two steps. Specifically, we first match each labeled image to its nearest neighbors in the unlabeled image set at the scene level, in order to obtain images with a similar scene layout. This is followed by obtaining pseudo-labels within this neighborhood by applying classifiers learned on the few-shot annotations. In addition, we use knowledge distillation on both labeled and unlabeled data to retain knowledge on existing classes. We integrate the above steps into a single convolutional neural network with a unified learning objective. Extensive experiments on the Cityscapes and KITTI datasets validate the efficacy of the proposed approach in the self-driving domain. Code is available from https://github.com/ChasonJiang/FSCILSS.


Design of a series-connected photovoltaic generator (SPVG) capable of enhancing power quality is investigated. Analysis of the SPVG operations under disturbance conditions shows explicitly how achievable network voltage quality is affected by the SPVG injected power and its apparent power rating, and that voltage quality can be significantly improved even with a modest level of energy storage capacity incorporated in the SPVG. A control system for the SPVG is also proposed. Both simulation and laboratory tests confirm the efficacy of the distributed generator system.


A method of processing an information transmission signal by spread spectrum and corresponding receiver. The method comprises treating the correlation peaks, one after the other, in order of decreasing amplitude. The receiver comprises a plurality of cascaded stages (C1, C2, C3, C4) each stage performing a correlation and determining the correlation peak of greatest magnitude, which is subtracted from the prior process input signal by the next stage. Application to digital transmissions.


This study investigates how we can effectively predict what type of game a user will choose within the game-based environment iSTART-2. Seventy-seven college students interacted freely with the system for approximately 2 hours. Two models (a baseline and a full model) are compared that include as features the type of games played, previous game achievements (i.e., trophies won, points earned), and actions (i.e., iBucks/points spent, time spent on games, total games played). Using decision tree analyses, the resulting best-performing model indicates that students' choices within game-based environments are not solely driven by their recent achievement. Instead a more holistic view is needed to predict students' choices in complex systems.


Objectives
Anemia remains widely prevalent in Ghana, affecting about 75% of children aged 6-23 months, with iron deficiency a common cause. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a micronutrient-fortified complementary food on hemoglobin, anemia prevalence, and growth of infants in the La Nkwantanang Municipality of the Greater Accra Region, Ghana.

Methods
In this double-blind, cluster-randomized, controlled study, infants (aged 6-18 months) received either micronutrient-fortified infant cereal with iron (3.75 mg iron as ferrous fumarate/50 g cereal: INT, n = 107) or the same cereal without iron (CTL; n = 101) to complement other family foods and breast milk for a 6 month period. Recommended cereal intake differed by age (50 g/day for ages 6-8mo, 75 g/d for ages 9-11mo, and 100 g/d for ages 12-18mo). Hemoglobin (Hb), weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference were assessed at baseline and every 2 months for 8 months. Infants' usual dietary intake was assessed using questionnaires. Differences between groups were analyzed using ANCOVA, adjusted for potential confounders such as child's age, socioeconomic background of caregivers, worm infestation, and malaria.

Results
There were no significant differences between groups in maternal/household characteristics or infant baseline anthropometry. At 6 months, adjusted mean ± SE Hb change from baseline in CTL and INT was 1.16 ± 0.21 and 1.97 ± 0.19 g/dL, respectively (P < 0.01 for each); the increase over time was significantly larger in INT vs. CTL (0.68 ± 0.30 g/dL; P = 0.02). Similar results were found in unadjusted models. Hb levels declined slightly in both groups in the 2 month period after the intervention but remained higher in INT (Figure). Prevalence of anemia declined in both groups (CTL: 89.1% to 62.8%, INT: 84.1% to 42.8%); the magnitude of decrease was 57% greater in INT. There was no significant difference between groups in length gain (CTL: 6.24 ± 0.28, INT: 5.62 ± 0.27 cm; P = 0.21) or weight gain (CTL: 1.03 ± 0.24, INT: 1.31 ± 0.24 kg; P = 0.41).

Conclusions
Iron-fortified infant cereal consumed for 6 months promoted greater reductions in iron-deficiency anemia in infants aged 6-18 months, which is a public health concern in Ghana and most developing countries.

Funding Sources
This study was sponsored by Nestlé Company Limited (Ghana) in collaboration with the University of Ghana School of Biological Sciences.

Supporting Tables Images and/or Graphs


The critical literature on Beethoven includes extensive analysis of how the biography and personality of this most important of our musical icons were shaped by nineteenth-century musicians to suit their own cultural agenda. One fascinating instance of Beethoven myth-making, however, has been overlooked. The festival designed by the Viennese musical establishment to commemorate the centenary of Beethoven's birth in 1870 was certainly intended to surpass all other celebrations that year. Yet its failure to meet its original goal- securing the participation of many of the leading musicians of the day- reveals both the significance and the limits of mythmaking in contemporary European music history. Although tracing the development and transformation of the image of Beethoven in the nineteenth century is beyond the scope of this article, I would like at least to make a few observations about the situation in the years leading up to the Beethoven centennial. Enthusiasts of Beethoven's music set the tone for most of the favorable criticism of the composer's works for a quarter century after his death. In his Kreisleriana of 1814, E.T.A. Hoffmann ruthlessly belittled the inability of both the general public and the professional music critic to comprehend the true meaning of Beethoven's music: But what if it is only your inadequate understanding which fails to grasp the inner coherence of every Beethoven composition? What if it is entirely your fault that the composer's language is clear to the initiated but not to you, and that the entrance to his innermost mysteries remains closed to you?1 Characterizing the understanding of Beethoven's music as a secret revealed proved to be a common strategy among the first generation of Romantic composers (Berlioz, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Wagner). The image of Beethoven propounded by them buttressed their own sense of themselves in relation to their times. They understood Beethoven as the archetypal Romantic individual, opaque and remote from normal understanding; only they as kindred spirits were able to comprehend the true meaning of his music. Having heard the String Quartet in C-sharp Minor, Opus 131, in 1829, Berlioz wrote to his sister that the sublime is not for everyone. That which transports certain individuals is unintelligible for others, even ridiculous. It is music for [Beethoven] himself and for those who have followed the incalculable evolution of his genius.2 Wagner reminisced that, as he copied the Ninth Symphony that same year, "I felt irresistibly attracted by the long-sustained pure fifths with which the first phrase opens; these chords ... seemed in this case to form the spiritual keynote of my own life."3 For these composers, the idolatry of the myth strengthened and validated their personal self-image. The rightness of their adulation of Beethoven confirmed their conception of themselves as the only ones capable of understanding the deepest truths of artistic creativity and of disseminating them in their own music and prose. This concept of Beethoven's music- which, in Schumann's words, stands "on the extreme boundary of all that has hitherto been attained by human art and imagination"4- continued unabated throughout the nineteenth century. On rare occasions, there were those who felt ill at ease, if not actually hostile, toward composers who could incite such extreme feelings, particularly if their work could be seen to mirror contemporary political and philosophical unrest. We must recall that the mid-nineteenth-century polemics for and against Beethoven took place in a context of violent change. For some critics, a musical visionary came uncomfortably close to being a social revolutionary. In 1857, Alexandre Ulybyshev, an ardent Mozartian, characterized the "fanatical admiration of Beethoven" as characteristic of those who reject the idea of God, this eternal basis of human reason. ... In the same way the revolutionaries, knowing the abyss of atheism and communism, the zealots of the impossible, have sympathized with an impossible music, and have recognized inspiration in chaos. …


Construction automation and robotics devices need to be fully integrated with the company IT infrastructure if they are to be of real value. Object technology provides the most effective means of achieving this, but an industry-wide protocol must be agreed. Two attempts at achieving this, the STEP and IAI initiatives are reviewed. Two case studies are examined the LUCIE robot excavator and the Stent automated piling rig. Problems in trying to comply with STEP are described.