Digital Image processing has emerged as an instrument primarily to enhance the quality of images in terms of greater clarity and better description. It is employed inevitably in various fields of the applied science as well as social science. The application areas include the following but not limited to such as the investigating agencies, video processing, pattern recognition, medical field and political science etc. The present paper is an attempt to apply the techniques of image processing in the specialized field of Medical Science that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases, known as Dermatology. Skin disease is the skin lesion which affects hair, nail, scalp, skin and mucous membrane. Image processing can help for the early detection of the skin disease. Various techniques have been developed for digital image processing that are used to extract the features of an image such as color, edge and highlights the affected area. Some of those techniques such as Color Transformation, Gray Level Transformation, Histogram, Edge Detection etc. have been studied to analyze the images of skin disease. These techniques have also been applied to enhance the images in order to make them clearer and detailed. Octave tool has been used in this study.


Forecasting, An Introductory Discussion Forecasting Series with no Trend Forecasting Series with Trend Using Regression in Forecasting Forecasting Seasonal Series Forecasting Cyclical Series The Box-Jenkins Approach to Forecasting Monitoring Forecasts.


The invention disclose a Chinese medicinal herb extract, which is prepared from the following bulk pharmaceuticals in parts by weight: 20-55 parts of vine of multiflower knotweed, 5-25 parts of Chinese honey locust, 15-40 parts of oriental waterplantain rhizome, 5-25 parts of black sesame, 15-40 parts of yerbadetajo herb, 5-25 parts of ginkgo leaf, 5-25 parts of Chinese arborvitae twig, 5-15 parts of pepper, 15-40 parts of fortune's drynaria rhizome and 5-25 parts of garden balsam stem. The preparation method comprises the following steps: extracting pepper volatile oil, performing water extraction on the vine of multiflower knotweed, the Chinese honey locust, the oriental waterplantain rhizome and the garden balsam stem, and performing alcohol extraction on the black sesame, the yerbadetajo herb, the ginkgo leaf, the Chinese arborvitae twig and the fortune's drynaria rhizome. The Chinese medicinal herb extract can prompt scalp blood circulation, has the effects of blackening and growing hairs, preventing and stopping alopecia, removing dandruff and relieving itching, is prepared with the simple preparation method, and is low in cost. Shampoo made of the Chinese medicinal herb extract is uniform and fine, is rich in foam, is easy to flush completely, does not cause any allergic reaction after use, is free from toxic and side effects, helps smoothening and softening hairs, is durable in dandruff removing and itching relieving effects, can blacken and grow hairs and prevent and stop alopecia after long-term use, and is suitable for customers to use in daily life for a long time.


In this paper we develop an algorithm based on higher-order cyclic cumulants for the automatic recognition of QAM signals. The method is robust to the presence of carrier phase and frequency offsets. Theoretical arguments are verified with simulations performed for 4-QAM and 16-QAM signals.


Angus selection and control herds in two long-term breeding studies were compared for muscle glycogen and blood parameters pre-slaughter. Trial 1 involved 3 years of bulls (n=85) from a yearling-weight (W) selection herd and a control (C1) herd, differing by 19% in yearling weight. Trial 2 involved one year of steers (n=45) from an experiment to increase age at puberty (A+ herd) or to reduce age at puberty (A- herd), relative to a control (C2) herd, with age at puberty differing from the C2 mean by 11% (A+) and -10% (A-). In Trial 1, muscle biopsies were taken for glycogen assay (Years 1 and 2), and blood samples were taken (Years 1-3) for creatine kinase, cortisol, lactate, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose; animals in Trial 2 (Year 2 only) were sampled at the same time as Trial 1. Samples were taken at 17 months of age (Year 1), 10 and 19 months (Year 2), and 19 and 20 months (Year 3, with an extra blood trait added). Muscle glycogen concentration was 19% higher in the W than C1 herd (P<0.05), and it was significantly lower in the A+ herd than in the other two herds (P<0.001). Cortisol (P<0.05) and glucose concentrations (P<0.01) were lower in the W than the C1 herd; NEFA was higher in the C2 herd than in the A- or A+ herds (P<0.05). No other blood parameters differed between herds. Repeatabilities for the 5 main blood traits in Trial 1 ranged from 0.14 to 0.38, being highest for creatine kinase (if excludin g outliers), but repeatabilities were all low in Trial 2 (highest value only 0.13). The main conclusions came from Trial 1, in which most data had been collected, namely that across-year differences were found for 3 traits between herds (muscle glycogen, cortisol and glucose).


Solar Street Lighting a street lighting solution for areas or areas that are not within the PLN network area or for lighting efficiency using solar power. The use of public street lighting, although it has several advantages, there are still disadvantages in the field conditions, including the improper placement of the lighting so that it is blocked from sunlight, the use of inappropriate materials, unsuitable height of poles and lack of maintenance which results in not optimal utilization of solar energy. In this study, an analysis of the power efficiency of solar street lighting in the District of Ternate Island will be carried out by conducting direct observations and measurements in the field. The results showed that the maximum voltage for street lamps that were not blocked by trees was 23 volts, while those that were blocked by trees were 19 volts. The lighting strength of the street lights that are blocked by trees is 9 lux, while those that are not blocked by trees are 10 lux. The amount of input voltage for the solar panels affects the strength of the lamp lighting


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of the unilateral versus bilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty( PKP) through pedicle of vertebral arch in treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures( OVCFs). Methods A total of 63 patients( 78 vertebrae) with OVCFs during January 2010 and January 2012 were randomly divided into group A( n = 37) and group B( n = 26). Group A was treated with unilateral approach through pedicle of vertebral arch,and group B was treated with bilateral approaches through pedicle of vertebral arch. The operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,X-ray exposure frequency,the priming volume of bone cement,visual analogue scale,reformative oswsetry disability indexes( ODI),recoveries of the local kyphotic angle and vertebrae relative height were observed. Results The operation time,intraoperative bleeding volume,X-ray exposure frequency and the priming volume of bone cement in group A were much less than those of group B( P 0. 01). The VAS,ODI,the local kyphotic angle and fracture vertebrae height after operation in the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation( P 0. 01). There were no significant differences in incidence rates of adjacent fracture of vertebra body and bone cement leakage in the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion Both unilateral and bilateral PKP through pedicle of vertebral arch in treatment of OVCFs can achieve effective outcomes,but the unilateral PKP through pedicle of vertebral arch can shorten the operation time,reduce intraoperative bleeding volume and X-ray exposure time and decrease the priming volume of bone cement.


There is substantial evidence that the right brain is superior for the perception of space and form, while the left possesses greater language capabilities. One model of information processing based on the lateralized function of each hemisphere proposes that the brain operates most efficiently with direct access (lateralized input) of the appropriate task to each hemisphere (1, 2). The advantage achieved with lateralized input, however, may not persist when competing tasks draw on similar resources from the same hemisphere. The present study investigated the constancy of the lateral-input advantage on the secondary task of two tasks requiring resources from the same hemisphere. Thirteen dextral, male, experienced pilots performed a parafoveal, visuospatial task while maintaining bank and pitch control of a flight simulator, a dual-axis compensatorytrading task. Subjects maintained level pitch and bank on the attitude indicator of a heads-up display using both hands on the control stick. The secondary task stimuli 06 circles, squares, and triangles, 2" high x 2" wide, with the central edge displaced 2 from the center of the heads-up display, were presented for 66 msec. Each trial consisted of a .5-sec. tone, a l-sec. delay, a 66-msec. stimulus, a l-sec. delay, and a 66-msec. stimulus. Subiects depressed a trigger on the control stick only when the second figure of the stimulus pair matched the first. There were 60 test pairs in each visual field for a total of 120 trials. Half of the trials were matches, and half of the responses were made with the index finger of each hand. Order of visual-fields and hand responses were counterbalanced. Emphasis was placed on sacrificing the secondary task for aircraft attirude control. The mean correct reaction times for the four visual-field and hand-response conditions were for left field: left hand = 567 msec. (SD = 132) and right hand = 528 msec. (SD = 107); for right field: left hand = 602 msec. (SD = 137) and right hand = 558 msec. (SD = 91). A repeated-measures analysis of variance produced significant effects (p 4 .02) for visual half-field (PI.= = 8.21) and response hand (R.u = 11.79), but no interaction. Errors were too few for meaningful analysis. The left-field (right-brain) advantage was significant for both left- (tu = 2.37) and righthand (t~ = 2.54) responses. There was a right-hand advantage for both the left-field (t~? = 3.70) and the right-field (t~ = 3.70) viewing. The more rapid left-field RTs indicate that, independent of response hand, the visuospatial task was accomplished more efficiently in the right brain. This left-field (right-brain) superiority supports the notion that the lateralized input advantage for visuospatial tasks persists in a dual-task situation where both tasks draw on similar resources from the same side of the brain. The right-hand advantage mag be attributed to the pilots' considerable experience making both tracking and switching operations on aircraft control sticks with the right hand but not the left.


The capacitor contact barrier(CCB) layers have been introduced in the FeRAM integration to prevent the Pt/Al reaction during the back-end processes. Therefore, the interdiffusion and intermetallic formation in film stacks were investigated over the annealing temperature range of . The interdiffusion in Pt/Al interface started at and the stack was completlely intermixed after annealing over in nitrogen ambient for 1 hour. Both XRD and SBM analyses revealed that the Pt/Al interdiffusion formed a single phase of intermetallic compound. On the other hand, in the presence of TiN() barrier layer at the Pt/Al interface, the intermetallic formation was completely suppressed even after the annealing at . These were in good agreement with the predicted effect of the TiN diffusion barrier layer. But the conventional TiN CCB layer could not perfectly block the Pt/Al reaction during the back-end processes of the FeRAM integration with the maximum annealing temperature of . The difference in the TiN barrier properties could be explained by the voids generated on the Pt electrode surface during the integration. The voids were acted as the starting point of the Pt/Al reaction in real FeRAM structure.


Urgency of the research. The world global processes and the international integration of the national economy stimulate to the scientific consideration the socio-economic development of different countries, and in particular of Ukraine. Target setting. The modern information society dictates new challenges for each state. It obliges all countries to take care of the socio-economic development of a high level and to work constantly for its improving. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Such scholars as V. Bazylevych, M. Dolishny, V. Heiets, E. Libanova and others studied the peculiarities of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The main directions of economic policy with external and internal threats need to be adjusted. The research objective. The research of socio-economic development of Ukraine in modern conditions and the suggestion of basic ways to increase its level. The statement of basic materials. The article examines the current state of socio-economic development of Ukraine and defines the main factors of its providing. Conclusions. Natural resources potential and favorable geopolitical position provide a high level of socio-economic development of Ukraine. The correct state policy plays here a decisive role, which involves: carrying out of the systemic reforms (institutional and structural transformation); macroeconomic stabilization (fiscal, monetary, price policy, etc.); promotion of innovation and investment development; intro-duction of high social standards of living of the population; European integration and membership in the European Union.


The proper exchange of automobile engine oil leads to the saving of resources as well as the safe maintenance of automobile engine. In this paper, we designed the capacitive sensor to monitor changes in the dielectric constant of the engine oil and we fabricated the sensor by using semiconductor fabrication technology. Experiments have been carried out with the fabricated sensor equipped on oil chamber using a typical fully-formulated oil. The capacitance of sensor increased at about 3 percent per 1,000km.


Abstract: Background: Expression of neurotrophins (NTs) and their receptors is increased during hepatic regeneration, but their role is not well understood.


Detection of suspicious objects from a surveillance video is an important and challenging task. This paper presents a method to detect a suspicious object from surveillance video. It consists of three main steps. In the first step, background subtraction is performed through background modelling using a running average method which makes the system efficient to detect foreground objects. In the second step, static objects are detected from foreground frames through contour features and geometric histogram of an object. In the third step, static objects are classified into human and non-human objects using skin colour region detection and edge-based object recognition method. Edge-based object recognition method is efficient to recognise full and partially visible object. If static object is a non-human, an alarm is raised after a specified time. Experimental results have been performed on the IEEE dataset for Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance (PETS) and own dataset. The results demonstrate that proposed system is suitable for real-time surveillance video with detection accuracy of 90.9%.


Regarding the naval fleet radar network coverage areas as research object,a new algorithm is put forward to calculate radar network coverage areas,it can get the detection range in all direction of jammed and unjammed radar network accurately,in the process of verge picking,a more convenient method called segment by segment judgment is put forward.Then naval fleet radar network simulation in jammed and unjammed is made to validate the algorithm,Emulation result shows that the algorithm is accurate and effective.This is contributed to evaluate the efficacy of naval fleet radar network and optimal deployment,having good significance.


The article focuses on development of deep reading skills for high school students and university students. Deep reading is closely related to deep learning and lifelong learning skills that have to be acquired in the modern world.
Developed deep reading skills create enjoyment and interest, which is a pathway to deep learning that will enable students become self-directed learners. Currently, we live in an information age when a massive amount of information comes through digital texts. At the same time, printed texts are still enjoyed by a large part of population.
At this moment educators are facing a difficult task – not to give up the goal to help students develop deep reading skills when there is temptation to turn to light reading under the pressure of computer technologies that offer an easy and fast access to information.
The article offers some reading strategies that can be applied to develop deep reading skills.


Due to the need for mass construction of transport routes there is a need to develop theoretical foundations and methods of their design, which will simplify the design process, develop geometric models to optimize transport links, improve existing and create new methods of geometric modeling of optimal trajectories. terrain and road parameters. In the process of designing transport links, the main objective function is the economic effect of their construction. The cost-effectiveness of the overpass should include minimizing the length of the road, taking into account construction costs, which also depend on the minimum allowable parameters of transport routes, the peculiarities of traffic. To develop an optimization model for determining the trajectory of the road in the territorial design, the analysis of geometric parameters of the features of transport routes such as the minimum: turning radius in terms of Rgor; profile angle of rise of the path angle α; profile angle of descent path angle β, profile radius of path convex curves Rprof1; profile radius of the path concave curves Rprof2; step of supporting structures of engineering supports ∆L. And also the maximum height of transport engineering support ∆H. These indicators will serve as limitations in optimizing the trajectory of overpasses. А conditional classification of relief surfaces taking into account geometrical features and parameters of different types of overpasses is offered. Its use will promote increase of quality of designing of transport ways on a terrain relief, simplification of design process and improvement of quality of design planning decisions at territorial designing. The further use of the optimization model to determine the trajectory of roads for different types of transport will improve the quality of design, solving planning problems of spatial design.


Study on the typhoon wave has important practical significance for ship navigation and shelter as well as the safety of ports,marine and coastal buildings.In the paper,based on the combination of remote sensing software and Matlab program,we have studied the ERS-2 SAR ocean surface image of typhoon "MORAKOT" occurring and obtained the main wavelength,wave direction and period of the typhoon wave.The measured data agrees well with the numerical results of Mike21 software.


Objective To identify the differences between spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) in clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.Methods The clinical and MRI informations of 8 SIH patients and 6 HP patients, who were admitted to our department from 2005-08-01 to 2010-02-28, were collected and analyzed.Results In SIH, there were 5 subacute onset cases and 3 acute onset cases.All SIH patients had specific orthostatic headache and entire diffuse and even dural enhancement in contrasted MRI.Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations showed that the pressure was lower than 60 mmH_2O in 6 cases, and 70 mmH_2O and 90 mmH_2O in other 2 cases, respectively.The routine and biochemistry of CSF were normal in 5 patients, and the number of red blood cell was lightly increased in one.In HP, there were 2 acute onset cases and 4 chronic onset cases.One HP patient had paroxysmal headache, and other 5 HP patients all had persistent chronic daily headache.In addition, every HP patient had neurological symptoms and signs beside headache.MRI showed focal (3 cases) or diffuse (3 cases) thickened and enhancement dura.The CSF pressure was normal in 5 patients (90-150 mmH_2O) , and as low as 75 mmH_2O in one patient.In CSF routine and biochemistry examination, the number of white blood cell was lightly increased in 5 cases [ (8-12)×10~6/L], and protein level was high in 4 cases (1.1-2.7 g/L).In blood examinations, high blood sedimentation rate (26-62 mm/h), high C-reactive protein (13.4-36.1 μg/mL), and high rheumatoid factor were observed in 4 cases, 3 cases, and 2 cases, respectively.Conclusions Though SIH and HP were different etiological diseases, they own some similarities in their clinical and MRI features.Early imaging, detailed clinical data, and necessary longitudinal follow-up would contribute to distinguish the SIH and HP.


Second language acquisition is a hard task for teachers, since to achieve the motivation from students to practice a language simulating a real context is very difficult. On the one hand, students are often influenced by their mother tongue and more when they are practising a second language with a partner from the same nationality. On the other, technology is part of our lives and teachers should use all the tools in order to motivate students to learn any topic. So, if we integrate technology in the methodology we use when teaching a second language and students can practise with international partners, the results can be surprising. Chats, scanning texts, games, filling forms, etc. are just some of the activities our students can do in order to improve their command of a second language and also these activities can be used by content teachers in order to complement content learning. In the present paper, we provide some examples of activities designed by collaborating with content teachers based on websites, and then we analyse the effect they produced on students. We contrast the methodology used to propose tasks based on websites and those based on texts, and finally, evaluate their effect on the motivation of students.


Software reuse has become a topic of mu ch interest in the software community due to its po tential benefits, which include increased product quality and decreas ed product cost and schedule. The most substantial benefits derive from a product line approach, where a common set of reusable software assets act as a base for subsequ nt similar products in a given functional domain. In order to decrease the time and effort of the software develo pment process and increase the quality of the software product signif cantly, software engineering required new technolo gies. Nowadays, most software engineering design is based on reuse of existing system or components. Also, it is becom e a main development approach for business and commercial sy tems [12]. The concept of reusability is widely us ed in order to reduce cost, effort, and time of software developme nt. Reusability also increases the productivity, ma intainability, portability, and reliability of the software produc ts. That is the Re usable software components are e valuated several times in other systems before [12].


In order to construct a fusion expression vector which contains the protein splicing element intein,a modified vector,pExSec I/Linker,was made from inserting a 49bp polymuleotides with several endonuclear cleavage sites into the site of EcoR I/BamH I in MCS of pExSec I.Then the new expression vector,pExIC was obtained with inserting the intein CBD fragment from pMYB129 into pExSec I/Linker.Meanwhile the recombinant plasmid,pExIC hNT 3 was constructed when hNT 3 gene which was amplified with human blood DNA as the template by PCR was inserted which was amplified with human blood DNA as the template by PCR was inserted into pExIC.After transformation,the strain E.coli BL21/pExIC hNT 3 was cultured in LB media and the fusion protein,intein hNT 3 was expressed after IPTG induction.According to the splicing principle of intein,the target protein,hNT 3 was occuried with DTT excision on SDS PAGE.


The influence of the form fator on bremsstrahlung and pair production in electron-proton scattering processes was calculated with the lowest approximation of the perturbation theory (the third order). (R.V.J.)


The present invention discloses an apparatus. The apparatus comprises a first circuit coupled to the first and second power supply rails of the device. The first latch circuit is subjected to an event in the present state of the latch. The event latch comprises establishing a low resistance path between said first and said second power rail. The apparatus also comprises a latch coupled to the first sensing circuit (the LUS) circuit. The LUS LUS circuitry configured to receive an input signal from the first circuit and generates an output signal LUS to the first circuit. When the input signal is a signal indicating a valid latched latch condition exists, the effective LUS LUS circuit generates an interrupt output signal established in the low resistance path, to terminate the event latch.


We present the first fully distributed algorithm which chooses a peer uniformly at random from the set of all peers in a distributed hash table (DHT). Our algorithm has latency O(log n) and sends O(log n) messages in expectation for a DHT like Chord [17]. Our motivation for studying this problem is threefold: to enable data collection by statistically rigorous sampling methods; to provide support for randomized, distributed algorithms over peer-to-peer networks; and to support the creation and maintenance of random links, and thereby offer a simple means of improving fault-tolerance.


Abstract : The report presents the environmental effects simulation techniques for the helicopter instrument trainer, Device 2B10A. There are two modes of operation: single rotor helicopter simulation of the SH-3A type and tandem rotor helicopter simulation of the CH-46A type. (Author)


An electrochemical microsensor has been developed for the detection of nitric oxide. The microsensor was fabricated based on a novel nanocomposite film that has good electrocatalytic effect to the oxidation of nitric oxide. Electrochemical techniques, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the nanocomposite film and the electrochemical behavior of nitric oxide were investigated. The microsensor was successfully used for the determination of nitric oxide in standard solutions from 1.8 × 10−8 mol/L–7.6 × 10−5 mol/L, with a low detection limit of 5 nmol/L (S/N = 3). The advantages of the proposed microsensor include simplicity, short analysis time, cost effectiveness, and selectivity. The results demonstrate the feasibility of a nitric oxide assay in practical sample analysis.


Abstract Fractionation of anhydrous milk fat using supercritical CO 2 provides various fractions of different physicochemical and functional properties that should enhance its utilization. Based on a mass transfer study of a pilot plant setup of a continuous countercurrent fractionation of anhydrous milk fat by supercritical CO 2 , economic analysis of manufacturing plants was improved. Equipment was sized for six commercial-scale plant capacities, ranging from 800 to 10,000 tonnes/yr of anhydrous milk fat. Analysis considers capital investment, annual manufacturing expenses, revenues, sales, and payback time. The equipment scale-up index was .53, which is the usual literature value. For a plant processing 10,000 tonnes/yr of anhydrous milk fat, conversion cost is $.15/kg over a base price of $1.98/kg. Such a plant would have a capital investment of $4.4million and annual manufacturing costs of $21.1million. Example selling prices are calculated assuming a desired rate of return of 20% or a payback period of 5 yr, which further adds $.11/kg to the base price and conversion cost, yielding annual sales of $22.2million. The economics of the process are attractive, even though further optimization of operating conditions has not yet been performed, primarily because of the continuous nature of the process, the heat regeneration systems designed, and the large plant capacities considered. Thus, the notion that supercritical processing is expensive may be valid only for batch or semi-continuous systems rather than for continuous large-scale systems such as those studied herein.


Dental plaster and stone are widely used in dentistry especially in prosthodontics. A mixture of stone and plaster may be used for filling the upper half of the flask during construction of complete dentures .In this study the compressive strength of seven ratios of stone to plaster (S/P) were measured [ 1:1 , 1:2 , 1:3 , 1:4, 2:1 , 3:1 , and 4:1 ] . The water/powder ratio was 40:100 for all combination. According to the experimental data , samples of stone to plaster in the ratios of 1:1, 1:3 , and 1:4 gave an increased compressive strength of (9.8 , 9.7 , and 9.3 MPa) compared with the strength of plaster alone (7.9 MPa) . The result reveals that the highest amount of compressive strength was recorded by the samples made in the ratio of stone / plaster equal to 1:1. Thus, the mix made with this ratio of stone to plaster may be the material of choice for filling the upper half of the flask that can withstand stresses created during the packing of methyl methacrylate acrylic resin.


The chapters in this volume illustrate how place-making and the arts intersect civic, social and democratic life. Arts organisations and artists reveal how they work with sensitivity in regions, cities, towns and spaces to engage citizens in a deeper understanding of themselves and the places where they live. In a postmodern globalised world, where a sense of belonging to place is fragmented, disrupted and under continual redefinition, the opportunity to consider relationships to place through art-making, curated conversations and the bringing together of communities in a place is increasingly important in creating a sense of connection, well-being and understanding of how people are living together in the twenty-first century. Moreover, 'place-making' is a term applied by local authorities and developers to inform standards on the development of new places, which may or may not include specific arts and culture provision. The value of the arts and culture in terms of place-making is thoroughly explored in the Culture and Local Development background document (2018) prepared by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The OECD propose the transformative role that culture can play in enhancing the economy and quality of life for a region:


The amino acid requirements of subcultures of the wheat stem rust Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici have been determined. These isolates will grow on an agar solidified medium containing Czapek's minerals, glucose, citrate, cysteine, and one of the following nitrogen sources: ammonium, aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, alanine, serine, and glycine, but not nitrate or nitrite. Cysteine can be replaced by homocysteine or methionine, but not by inorganic forms of sulfur. Possible reasons for the requirement of these organic sulfur compounds are discussed.


Early leaves within the Viola albida complex were investigated by scanning electron microscopy in order to determine the morphological segments during morphogenesis. The early leaf development of V. albida var. albida could be morphologically divided into the eight stages in the following order: I, the initiation of shoot germination; II, the conical growth directionally of the leaf; III, the adaxial and abaxial formation of the leaf; IV, the initiation of the stipule; V, the formation of a transitional zone between the leaf blade and petiole; VI, the expansion of the upper part of the leaf blade; VII, the formation of almost all parts of the early leaf; VIII, the early simple leaf. Viola albida var. takahashii differs from V. albida var. albida by additional stages, i.e., V-1, the initiation of the first lateral lobe at the both lateral parts of the leaf after the stage V and an early lobed leaf. Viola albida var. chaerophylloides is also distinguished from two taxa by two developmental features, V-2, the initiation of a second lateral lobe below of the first lateral lobe, and an early palmately compound leaf. These findings suggest that the Viola albida complex would be in the process of peramorphosis, showing developmental changes in a chain of events, leading to a different leaf shape. These data would also be useful for isolating genes that give rise to different leaf morphogenesis outcomes among the taxa in the Viola albida complex.


We report evidence for a modulation of Ehrlich cell plasma membrane redox activity by cytoplasmic pH. When Ehrlich cells were submitted to treatments leading to a slight decrease of cytoplasmic pH, there was a significant inhibition of plasma membrane ferricyanide reductase activity. However, those treatments which produced a slight alkalinization of the cytoplasm enhanced the activity of the plasma membrane redox system. Since it has been shown previously that plasma membrane redox activity controls cytoplasmic pH, it seems that plasma membrane redox activity and cytoplasmic pH mutually modulate each other.


REPORTER firstname.lastname@example.com For those who have nev. erseeh an atomic reactor, there would be an opportunity to see a model at least during a two-day sci.enc!,!exhibition, beginning' February 28, to be held at the Giant Meterwave .Radio Telescope (GMRT) ,facilities at Narayangaon about 80 kilometres from here. The exhibition, held every year by the GMRT to commemorate the Science Day,willalso provide an opportunity to the visitors to observe the-Sun, pulsars, and other celestial bodies using the GMRT antenna. The exhibition willbe inauguratedat the hands of University of Pune Vice Chan-cellor R KShevgao'nkar. The annual exhibition is held with the objective of popularising science education in the rural parts, Science Day IIThe file photo of an arra}, ofdish antennas at GM RT near Narayangaon 80 kms from Pune ..


Due to the poor availability of data on migration and intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection, the relationship between IPRs and brain drain remains a blind spot in economic literature. Intellectual property is a term that refers to the creation of novel ideas. As skills are a fundamental component in producing ideas, brain drain can have a direct impact on the creation of intellectual property. But can an adequate protection of IPRs reverse the phenomenon of brain drain? A look at few existing works and the road ahead gives the impression that IPRs indeed govern the location and the magnitude of innovation activities. Better technologies, if not better institutions, can be transferred back to the migrants' country of origin through trade, FDI, return migration, and diaspora knowledge networks. If a better IPR environment in developing countries encourages the use of knowledge acquired abroad, a brain gain can mitigate the loss from the initial outflow of brains. Naghavi and Strozzi (2015) take the first initiative to provide an empirical assessment of the two effects and investigate the role of IPRs in determining the magnitude of the two effects. They argue that improving IPR institutions in sending countries can be a policy to exploit the fruits of diasporas. * This paper was originally written for the WIPO Experts Meeting on Intellectual Property, the International Mobility of Knowledge Workers and the Brain Drain. I am grateful to Ernest Miguelez and Carsten Fink for insightful guidance in revising the chapter. I am also grateful to my discussants Chiara Franzoni and Julio Raffo and other participants of the workshop for valuable comments. The views expressed herein are solely those of the author. † University of Bologna, Department of Economics, Piazza Scaravilli 2, Bologna 40126, Italy. Phone: +39209-8873, Fax: +39-209-209-4080, Email : firstname.lastname@example.com.


Not only are studies on animal expressions relatively few (Hsieh, 2004; Hsieh, 2006),but studies conducted cross-linguistically are scarce (Talebinejad and Dastjerdi,
2005). In addition, most previous studies on animal metaphors have been based on data collected from dictionaries or surveys and they have focused on the aspect with human beings as the target domain. This study is an effort to add to findings of the previous studies. Based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and the Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT), this study investigated snake and lion metaphors based on data collected from authoritative corpora in Mandarin Chinese and British English. Another added dimension of the study is the target domain includes both human beings and non-human beings. The main aim of the study was to identify similarities and differences between snake and lion metaphors in the two languages.
Six steps were involved in the collection and analysis of the data. First, the data comprising snake and lion expressions in Mandarin Chinese and British English were
collected from the Modern Chinese Corpus compiled by the Centre for Chinese Linguistics of Peking University (CCL Corpus) and the British National Corpus (BNC) respectively. Then, the snake and lion metaphorical expressions were
identified. Next, the metaphorical expressions were categorized according to their source domains and target domains. Meanwhile, the evaluation of each metaphorical
expression was ascertained. Subsequently, particular metaphors were generalized from the data. Following that, the CMT and the CBT were applied to the interpretation of typical metaphorical expressions and metaphors. Finally, the results obtained from the two languages were compared.
 Both similarities and differences between the snake and lion metaphors in Chinese and English were found. In terms of similarities, first, the animal's characteristic and
appearance are the main aspects of the source domain when the target domains are human beings and non-human beings respectively. Second, human beings, daily items, and economy are the three main shared target domains. Third, more
 conceptual metaphors were generalized for human beings than any non-human domains. Fourth, the conceptual metaphors generalized from the animal's appearance are image-based, from the animal's behavior are both image-based and
 knowledge-based, and from the animal's characteristic are knowledge-based. In terms of differences, first, the animal expressions can be mapped onto more domains in Chinese than in English and more conceptual metaphors were generalized in
 Chinese than in English. Second, the snake metaphorical expressions have a much more derogative meaning of man in Chinese but a much more derogative meaning of woman in English. Third, the lion metaphorical expressions convey more negative meaning in Chinese than in English when they were applied to woman. Moreover, this study also found support for Kovecses's (2002; 2005; 2010) claim that both cultural contexts and the natural and physical environment play a role in explaining the causes for metaphor universality and variation in Chinese and English. Thus, the
 study on snake and lion metaphors provides evidence to show that universality and variation between animal metaphors exist in Chinese and English.
 Apart from its contribution to the literature on studies of animal metaphors, the findings from this study seem to have modified Kovecses's (2002, 2010) dichotomy categorization of metaphors by adding another type, that is metaphors that are both image and knowledge-based at the same time. The findings from this study also have some contribution in terms of refining the CBT. In this case, a revised version of the CBT is obtained by allocating more attention to context in the process of interpreting metaphorical expressions and metaphors and by adding a new space, that is, the output space.
 Keywords: metaphor, snake metaphors, lion metaphors, Mandarin Chinese, British English, Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Conceptual Blending Theory.


(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)Eight players on the 1919 Chicago White Sox have gone down in history for agreeing to lose the World Series to the Cincinnati Reds. The statistical and circumstantial evidence suggests that St. Louis gamblers were conspiring with some of those players to lose games on purpose during the 1919 regular season.Lefty Williams and Happy Felsch Were Disenchanted with the White SoxThe White Sox won the World Series in 1917. Their infield of Arnold (Chick) Gandil, Eddie Collins, Charles (Swede) Risberg and George (Buck) Weaver, and utility man Fred McMullin was formidable offensively and defensively. Outfielders Joe Jackson, Oscar (Happy) Felsch, and Nemo Leibold were even better. Veteran and future Hallof- Famer Ray Schalk did the catching, and starting pitchers Eddie Cicotte and Claude "Lefty" Williams were among the best in the majors.The 1918 season was so disrupted by World War I that, for all practical purposes, it should not have counted. Every major league team had lost front line players to military enlistment, the draft, or to jobs related to the war effort. This last category had a particular effect on the White Sox in 1918. Their best player, Jackson, leftthe club in May to work at the shipyards of Bethlehem Steel subsidiary Harlan & Hollingsworth in Delaware. Williams followed Jackson to Harlan on June 11, moving with his wife Lyria into a rooming house in Wilmington with Jackson and his wife Katie.1Ballplayers jumping to industry jobs were widely seen as slackers, and many baseball writers predicted that the players would be roundly booed, if and when they returned. The defections particularly enraged White Sox owner Charles Comiskey. He declared to the press that none of the jumpers would be welcomed back. Comiskey even went so far as to withhold Williams' last paycheck, for $183.66 for the first eleven days of June. That is not a misprint. Williams, who turned 25 right before the 1918 season, had won 17 games in the championship year of 1917 and would win 23 more in 1919. He was, by any measure, more than just an established pitcher. Still, Lefty was making only $3000 a year-a little more than $16 a day.2Center fielder Felsch at least waited until he collected his paycheck before he leftthe White Sox for good on July 1.3 The press speculated that Felsch would follow Jackson and Williams to the shipyards.4 Felsch did contact Bethlehem Steel,5 and even got an offer "from the Steel league." On that basis, he demanded a trade before he would return to the White Sox.6 Comiskey's response was to "indefinitely suspend" Felsch from organized baseball.7 Comiskey held that position for months, saying "if it takes every ounce of my strength and the last cent I have I'll keep them [Jackson, Felsch and Williams] out of organized baseball forever."8 There was wide speculation about why Felsch had leftthe White Sox. One report was that Felsch had a "row with Secretary Harry Grabiner over a salary cut."9 The Sporting News reported that Felsch complained of not receiving a bonus he was due for quitting drinking, and that Felsch was docked for a period of several days in May that he was away from the team visiting his injured brother at an Army camp.10Williams filed a formal grievance against the White Sox for his $183. The National Commission, which governed baseball in the days before sports league commissioners existed, upheld Comiskey's action.11By Opening Day 1919, Williams Needed MoneyAfter the Armistice ended World War I in November 1918, Comiskey hired William (Kid) Gleason to manage the White Sox for the upcoming season. Gleason's first order of business in January 1919 was to visit Jackson, Williams and backup catcher Byrd Lynn at the Harlan plant in Wilmington. Upon arrival, Gleason learned that Jackson and Lynn had quit their war jobs and returned home, but he found Williams working, literally, on top of a boiler.12Lefty was making about $40 per week in the shipyards, plus $40-50 per game playing on the weekends for the Harlan team. …


Abstract : This is the fourth in a series of papers to examine the role of Congress in the development of the doctrinal and material strategic posture of the United States. Previous papers examined the role of Congress in building the U.S. strategic posture during the decades of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. This paper examines the role of the 77th-86th Congresses, from 1942 to 1960, an eighteen year period that begins with the development of the first atomic weapons during the Manhattan Project and runs through the administration of President Dwight Eisenhower and the development of the New Look nuclear strategy.


This paper will discuss three different ways of framing relationships between identity and built forms mainly through the theoretical frame works of David Harvey, Christine M. Boyer, Jane M. Jacobs, Doreen Massey, Paul Rabinow, and Michel Foucault. From these scholars, this paper will argue the relationships between identity and built forms are categorized as such: "Becoming", "Politics of Difference", and "Construction of Self". Besides these three approaches of framing identity and built forms, relevant ideas will be drawn from the work of other scholars in so far as their theoretical positions relate and support these three key frameworks. To approach the critical points of each debate, these three categories are further analyzed by juxtaposing the epistemological positions between them. Through the comparisons, this paper illustrates the interrelationships and interdependence of these three categories whose discursive power gains rapid popularity in Western scholarships. By incorporating the three ways to view the relationship between built form and the identity of social groups, drawn is a suggestion for a broader imagining of new spatial identity.


Complex multipath and interference effects have become the important system design and planning considerations in micro- and pico-cellular broadband mobile data networks such as wireless LAN (WLAN) and very short range personal area networks (PAN) like those based on Bluetooth. Another important issue is the interoperability and coexistence of these various network technologies. Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11b use the same portion of radio spectrum (2.4 GHz) and are liable to interfere. Most of the recent propagation models are based on simple statistical path loss algorithms, which become very inaccurate in the complex indoor environment. The deals with an accurate indoor end-to-end physical layer (radio channel) model including the radiowave propagation environment, antenna model, and the RF/IF front end circuit and baseband processes. The simulator's interface geometrical modeler makes the tool very convenient for complex environments. Results are shown indoor propagation effects for short-range technologies interfering on each other in a simple common RF link.


Objective: To establish an animal model of angina pectoris with syndrome of congealing cold with blood stasis and evaluate it. Methods: The animal model of angina pectoris was established in rats by single high-dose intravenous injection of pituitrin. The changes of rat's general condition,electrocardiogram,myocardial microcirculation and so on were observed in order to evaluate its syndrome. Results: Significant symptoms of dark-purple lips and paws and drop of body temperature appeared. The electrocardiogram showed ST segment and heart rate elevation. The myocardial microcirculation showed that myocardial venules were constricted and velocity of the red blood cells decreased. The ratio of TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1 αin blood plasma was significantly increased. Conclusion: An animal model of angina pectoris with syndrome of congealing cold with blood stasis was established successfully after analysis of rat's general conditions and microcosmic indexes.


Arthur Wellington Clah was a Tsimshian man on the Pacific north-west coast of Canada, who encountered the missionary, William Duncan, as a young adult at the Hudson's Bay Company's Fort Simpson in the 1850s. Moses Tjalkabota was an Arrernte man in central Australia. He was a young boy when he first came into contact with Lutheran missionaries at Hermannsburg mission in the 1880s, and was baptized in 1890. Both these men became Christian evangelists, both preached to their own people, and further afield among neighbouring groups. But here the similarities between them seem to stop. Clah was never part of a mission settlement, maintaining his independence from any established church; while Moses, who became blind as a young man, spent most of his life at Hermannsburg. This article examines these two evangelists' understandings of Christianity and how they communicated these understandings to their own and neighbouring peoples. Clah encouraged good behaviour, which conformed with his understanding of Christian precepts; Moses tried to communicate a more abstract form of belief through which happiness and eternal life could be attained.


An idea of measuring the optical absorption coefficient .for semiconductor wafers with rough surface, using a method of combining transmittance and reflectance measurement is presented. Factors related to diffusive light reflection diffraction, along with a parameter termed as characteristic roughness, are introduced to describe the surface roughness of samples. The dependence of reflectivity and transmittance on the characteristic roughness and absorption is given from a statistical point of view. The problem of data analysis in absorption coefficient measurement on rough-surface samples is theoretically solved in the end.


Mr.Ge Benyi originally put forward a new concept,synthetic morpheme.This concept has explained the compound composition problems of the compound word of modern Chinese language more reasonably,but his theories of synthetic morpheme is still not perfect.We suggest the new concept compound-morpheme as a good unit of word-building for the analysis of structure of a compound word in modern Chinese language.


Barium aspiration is uncommon. Elderly patients and those with dysphagia or neurologic deficits are more at-risk. Unlike water-soluble contrast such as gastrografin, barium sulfate is inert and should not cause chemical pneumonitis. However, there have been cases of inflammation following barium aspiration, possibly related to additives or concurrent gastric content aspiration [1]. Barium aspiration can lead to dyspnea and hypoxia secondary to mechanical impairment of alveolar gas exchange and alveolar shunting [2]. Treatment involves supportive respiratory care such as supplemental oxygen. Bronchoalveolar lavage is not recommended as this may further disseminate the barium to a larger surface area and inadvertently cause respiratory compromise.


The neoliberal project applied to cities, suburbs and towns deepens across the globe as inequalities and discord grow. Cities are seemingly the epicenter: Cleveland, Chicago, Buenos Aires, London, and countless other urban locales visibly refl ect a stepped-up neoliberalism. As the drive to entrepreneurialize government actions intensifi es—to create more responsible and businessoriented citizens, build strong local business climates, and fashion globally competitive, consumption-oriented downtowns—millions of people are hurt (Hackworth, 2007; Peck, Leitner, and Sheppard, 2007). But are the prevailing power blocs ("neoliberal redevelopment governances")* in these cities identical?


Magnus forces and moments were measured on a basic-finner model spinning in transonic flow. Spin was induced by canted fins or by full-span or semi-span, outboard and inboard roll controls. Magnus force and moment reversals were caused by Mach number, reduced spin rate, and angle of attack variations. Magnus center of pressure was found to be independent of the angle of attack but varied with the Mach number and model configuration or reduced spin rate.


Kinetic curves of the A 1-B2 phase transformation were constructed using resistivity data for the Cu-40 at. % Pd alloy in different initial states: after plastic deformation to 80% and after quenching from a temperature above T c . Plastic deformation was found to accelerate ordering. The data obtained on the B2-A 1 transformation suggest that the disordering occurs in several stages. The obtained kinetic characteristics of the Cu-Pd alloys were compared with literature data.


The effects of isopropanol as a dilute solution were studied on the phase formation, the microstructure and the texturing of sol-gel derived PMN thin films. The films fabricated using only methoxyethanol as a solvent consisted of pyrochlore phase and randomly oriented large perovskite grains. The films fabricated using the solution of 50% methoxyethanol and 50% isopropanol showed relatively lower phase formation temperature and consisted of mainly (111) preferred oriented small perovskite grains. Lead loss at the reaction temperature could be prevented by using the isopropanol as a dilute solution.


which normally subserve orientation," and this accounted for the persistent disorientation when "cognitive recovery had proceeded far enough to permit and sustain proper orientation." They interpreted the disorientation on the basis of both the negative features— in a Jacksonian sense (Taylor, 1958)—of anterograde and retrograde amnesia, restriction of perception, and a defect in judgment in which there is a failure to correct incompatible interpretations, as well as the positive features of affect and motivation. Many years later, Ruff and Volpe (1981) described four patients who confabulated that their hospital rooms were located in their homes or that the hospital was moved into their house. The authors pointed out that each patient, like the Paterson and Zangwill patients, possessed a strong desire to return home. These authors suggested that in these patients a multiplicity of neurological and psychological factors played a role in creating their delusional beliefs:


The investigating results are given in the article for both the sintering and the corundum ceramics' properties change depending on the inserted highdispersed Al2O3's content and kind. The samples were prepared by means of the slurry casting and were sintered at various temperatures. It was established that all else being equal the highly-dispersed sphericalshaped powders are the most advantageous to use for the corundum ceramics' physical and mechanical properties improvement. The shape of the highlydispersed powder doesn't influence significantly on the temperature reducing while preparing of the dense ceramics. Ill. 4. Ref. 12. Tab. 2.


Aluminium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using the mixed solution of zinc acetate dihydrate and aluminium nitrate nonahydrate in methanol. Concentration of aluminum in the solution was varied in a range of 1, 3 and 5 atomic percents. The results from X-ray diffraction showed that the preferred orientation of ZnO films changed to the [002] direction when the concentration of aluminum in the solution exceeded 1 atomic percents. ZnO films deposited from the 3 atomic percent Al containing solution had the largest grains and showed the lowest resistivity of 75 Ω-cm. Addition of aluminum into the precursor solution shifted the absorption edge towards longer wavelengths.


The invention from a, to a method for searching the ad stream to be reproduced from the stored advertisement stream in the storage by inserting, external provider to play a particular ad stream specified in the case of using the ad stream stored in the storage of the host to a commercial break in order to insert a second content stored in a storage of the host to the first content during reproduction of the inputted first content, retrieving a second content by using the location information indicating the location of the second content stored in the storage in the first on the basis of detecting the signaling information that indicates a section that is inserted allows the second content from the content and signaling information, including the steps of: reproducing from said region of the first content that is playing the second content retrieved, stored in the storage and selectively reproducing a plurality of streams specific ad It is possible, and therefore possible to playback by specifying even the addition plurality of video / audio component can maximize the effect of the advertising exposure a user has an interest.


Contains 1,800 methods. Some of these methods are revised and others are new. Includes the latest technology in the field, such as antibody-based test kits, enzyme immunoassay and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Provides identifications of drug and pesticide compounds by both chemical and common names


Current trends in textual studies have shifted their attention away from traditional text types toward a focus on non-literate sign systems. Specially created archives for orally transmitted text corpora stress this new orientation and the extension of literary studies to "texts" that are no longer "literary" in the narrow sense of the word, that is, "written in letters." Initiated early in this century by Milman Parry's hypotheses regarding the oral character of early Greek epics, the approach has been expanded through field studies, such as Ruth Finnegan's work on African narratives, and related attempts to define features of purely oral (non-literate) cultures. In this context, contemporary research on orality appears to be a continuation of those ethno-linguistic theories which see language as a paradigm that constitutes reality and which try to configure a certain weltbild by analyzing the structure and usage of a given language. As Edward Sapir put it: "Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society....The fact of the matter is that the 'real world' is to a large extent unconsciously built up on the language habits of the group" (qtd. in Whorf 74). Whereas early linguists scarcely differentiated between different kinds of media, current research stresses the differences between cultures that are based on orality, handwriting (chirographics), print-technology (typographies), or electronic-data processing. According to the influential work by Walter J. Ong, the key terms for discussing oral cultures include: "subjectivity," "concreteness," "presence" and "context dependency"; the correlative terms for literate cultures are "objectivity," "abstract thought," "historical perspective" and "objectivizing distance" (36-57). Innocent as they seem, however, these terms can also easily be used to distinguish between the marginalized groups in society and the dominant race, class and gender. Thus in Gynesis, Alice Jardine has compiled a similar list of contrastive pairs when trying to throw light on stereotypes of masculinity and and feminity in Western culture: Male Female mind vs. body techne vs. physis vs. activity vs. passivity vs. logos vs. pathos form vs. matter same vs. other Jardine explains that these pairs are always connected with gender-specific connotations and are fundamentally linked with the Western cultural tradition as such (72), so that their recurrence in various discourses about orality and literacy is hardly accidental. A related potential danger lies in the way that on a long-term basis, oral traditions develop a tendency to support existing systems and have a conservative effect, whereas literate cultures have destabilizing and innovative potential. If these characteristics of oral cultures are consciously used by the elite of a literate culture they can be made to support hierarchical and gender-specific structures. Enforced orality is at odds with the kind of historical scope which contains a revolutionary potential and could consequently threaten the inner equilibrium of the state. By thus controlling the very structures of language and thinking, the leading class is able to consolidate the basis of its monolithic state and keep all others in their assigned positions. Although the banning of books and the ensuing "orality" of the whole population is a common topos in dystopian literature--of which a classic example is Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451--in The Handmaid's Tale Margaret Atwood adopts this dichotomy of literacy and orality in a new gendered way: she depicts not only a comprehensive power structure but one which is designed to suppress women by restricting them to an oral cultural tradition. …


Gas puff Z-pinches are intense sources of X-rays and neutrons but are highly susceptible to the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability (MRTI). MRTI mitigation is critical for optimal and reproducible yields, motivating significant attention toward various potential mitigation mechanisms. One such approach is the external application of an axial magnetic field, which will be discussed here in the context of recent experiments on the Zebra generator (1 MA, 100 ns) at the University of Nevada, Reno. In these experiments, an annular Kr gas liner is imploded onto an on-axis deuterium target with a pre-embedded axial magnetic field B z 0 ranging from 0 to 0.3 T. The effect of B z 0 on the stability of the Kr liner is evaluated with measurements of plasma radius, overall instability amplitude, and dominant instability wavelength at different times obtained from time-gated extreme ultraviolet pinhole images. It was observed that the external axial magnetic field does not affect the implosion velocity significantly and that it reduces the overall instability amplitude and the presence of short-wavelength modes, indicating improved pinch stability and reproducibility. For the highest applied B z 0 = 0.3 T, the stagnation radius measured via visible streak images was found to increase. These findings are consistent with experiments reported in the literature, but here, the B z 0 required for stability, B z 0 = 0.13 I p k / R 0 (where Ipk is the driver peak current and R0 is the initial radius), is lower. This could be attributed to the smaller load geometry, both radially and axially. Consistent with other experiments, the cause of decreased convergence cannot be explained by the additional axial magnetic pressure and remains an open question.Gas puff Z-pinches are intense sources of X-rays and neutrons but are highly susceptible to the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability (MRTI). MRTI mitigation is critical for optimal and reproducible yields, motivating significant attention toward various potential mitigation mechanisms. One such approach is the external application of an axial magnetic field, which will be discussed here in the context of recent experiments on the Zebra generator (1 MA, 100 ns) at the University of Nevada, Reno. In these experiments, an annular Kr gas liner is imploded onto an on-axis deuterium target with a pre-embedded axial magnetic field B z 0 ranging from 0 to 0.3 T. The effect of B z 0 on the stability of the Kr liner is evaluated with measurements of plasma radius, overall instability amplitude, and dominant instability wavelength at different times obtained from time-gated extreme ultraviolet pinhole images. It was observed that the external axial magnetic field does not affect the implosion velocity signi...


Ziya Gokalp is the organic intellectual being undertaking the important duties in the aspect of formal ideology during the process of the Constitutional monarchy into the republic. Because of this charachter, Gokalp has not been criticized by his contemporary colleagues and also he has been in top of the condition. He has been tried to analyze between the thought trends like westernization, Turkification, Islamisizm, he chosed his thoughts from the western writers. In the period of losing the First World War and the understanding the wrongs of the policy of government, "New Life" (1918), "Turkification, Islamisizm, Modernization" (1918) and "The Principles of Turkism (1923) books have been published. Thus, it paid the way to criticize Gokalp's thoughts and also became the opportunity to criticize the Unionist power.


Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine response data for patients with hematologic malignancy, who carry high risk for severe COVID-19 illness, are incomplete. In a study of 551 hematologic malignancy patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma, anti–SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG titers and neutralizing activity were measured at 1 and 3 months from initial vaccination. Compared with healthy controls, patients with hematologic malignancy had attenuated antibody titers at 1 and 3 months. Furthermore, patients with hematologic malignancy had markedly diminished neutralizing capacity of 26.3% at 1 month and 43.6% at 3 months, despite positive seroconversion rates of 51.5% and 68.9% at the respective time points. Healthy controls had 93.2% and 100% neutralizing capacity at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma on observation had uniformly blunted responses. Treatment with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, venetoclax, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors, anti-CD19/CD20–directed therapies, and anti-CD38/B-cell maturation antigen–directed therapies substantially hindered responses, but singleagent immunomodulatory agents did not. Significance: Patients with hematologic malignancy have compromised COVID-19 vaccine responses at baseline that are further suppressed by active therapy, with many patients having insufficient neutralizing capacity despite positive antibody titers. Refining vaccine response parameters is critical to guiding clinical care, including the indication for booster vaccines, for this vulnerable population. See related article by Tamari et al., p. 577. 1Adult Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York. 2Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MSKCC, New York, New York. 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, MSKCC, New York, New York. 5Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, New York. 6Myeloma Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, New York. 7Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, New York. 8Center for Hematologic Malignancies, MSKCC, New York, New York. 9Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, MSKCC, New York, New York. 10Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, MSKCC, New York, New York. 11The Rockefeller University, New York, New York. note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Blood Cancer Discovery Online (https://bloodcancerdiscov.aacrjournals.org/). S.A. Vardhana and D.A. Knorr contributed equally to this article. corresponding author: David J. Chung, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065. Phone: 646-608-3770; Fax: 929-321-8163; E-mail: email@example.com Blood Cancer Discov 2021;2:568–76 doi: 10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-21-0139 ©2021 American Association for Cancer Research Diseaseand Therapy-Specific impact on Humoral immune Responses to cOViD-19 Vaccination in Hematologic Malignancies David J. Chung1,2, Gunjan L. Shah1,2, Sean M. Devlin3, Lakshmi V. Ramanathan4, Sital Doddi4, Melissa S. Pessin4, Elizabeth Hoover1, LeeAnn T. Marcello1, Jennifer C. Young1, Sawsan R. Boutemine5, Edith Serrano6, Saumya Sharan7, Saddia Momotaj7, Lauren Margetich7, Christina D. Bravo8, Genovefa A. Papanicolaou9, Mini Kamboj9, Anthony R. Mato2,7, Lindsey E. Roeker2,7, Malin Hultcrantz2,6, Sham Mailankody2,6, Alexander M. Lesokhin2,6, Santosha A. Vardhana2,5,10, and David A. Knorr2,7,11 Association for Cancer Research. by guest on January 5, 2022. Copyright 2021 American https://bloodcancerdiscov.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from Impaired COVID-19 Vaccine Responses in Hematologic Cancers ReSeaRcH BRief NOVEMBER 2021 blood CANCER dISCoVERY | 569 iNtRODUctiON Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), causes respiratory illness ranging from selflimited, mild respiratory tract symptoms to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure, and death. Due to their disease and/or associated treatments, patients with cancer are often immunocompromised and at increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness (1–3), with fatality rates far exceeding that of the general population (4). Within the cancer population, patients with hematologic malignancy are at greatest risk for COVID-19–related mortality (2, 3, 5–10). The adverse outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancy to COVID-19 infection stem at least in part from intrinsic immune dysfunction. Patients with indolent B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and follicular lymphoma, have a high incidence of hypogammaglobulinemia, as well as T-cell dysfunction, which impairs long-term antiviral humoral immunity and response to vaccination (11). Patients with multiple myeloma have compromised humoral and cellular immunity from their plasma cell disorder, its associated hypogammaglobulinemia, and immunosuppression exacerbated by anti–multiple myeloma therapies (12). Patients with myeloid malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, have impaired innate immunity, antigen presentation, and quantitative defects in all immune cells, often at baseline before starting treatment and further exacerbated by therapies, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (13, 14). Given their greater susceptibility to severe COVID-19 illness, patients with hematologic malignancy are a highpriority group for vaccination to mitigate COVID-19–related morbidity and mortality. Effective vaccination would enable receipt of disease-specific therapy and avoid delays in cancer care. There are limited comprehensive data on the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer, with many COVID-19 vaccine studies excluding patients with cancer and real-world outcomes for patients with cancer only recently starting to emerge. In this study, we aimed to define how vaccine humoral responses differ by hematologic malignancy subtype and disease-specific therapies across patient cohorts to provide an important metric for optimizing the clinical care of this vulnerable population.


The classification of submerged bodies with respect to internal properties (material, etc.), rather than geometrical shape, should be possible by means of their scattering resonances. This approach is known as the resonance scattering theory (RST). An essential extension of the RST theory with respect to solving practical problems is possible by applying to the acoustical scattering problem the so‐called R‐matrix theory (RMT), which has been developed by Wigner and Eisenbud to describe nuclear reactions. This theory includes in a natural way the linewidths, the coupling of the different resonant modes, and the overlapping of the resonances. Properly defined resonances provide the basis from which the whole formalism is constructed, while in the former theory the resonances are introduced after computing the scattering cross section. This allows an extension of the ''acoustical spectroscopy'' of isolated resonances as introduced by Brill to the practically important case of strongly overlapping resonances....


Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC) are preferred as an alternative source for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening due to their unique properties. As seen from the previous studies in the literature, most of the vector systems to transfer reprogramming factors are viral‐based and have some well‐known limitations. This study aims to develop a non‐viral vector system for the transfection of reprogramming factors. Cationic stearamide lipid nanoparticles (CSLN) were prepared via the solvent diffusion method. The obtained CSLNs were used for the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and GFP to fibroblast cell lines. The optimization studies, for zeta potential and particle size of the conjugate, was performed to achieve high cell viability. CSLN63 with 36.5±0.06 mV zeta potential and 173.6±13.91 nm size was used for the transfection of Fibroblast cells. The transfection efficiency was observed by following GFP expression and was found as 70 %±0.11. The expression of the Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 was determined by RT‐qPCR; an increase was observed after the 12th cycle in Klf4 (Ct averages: 13,41), Sox2 (Ct averages; 12,4), Oct4 (Ct average; 13,77). The tendency of colonization was observed. The upregulation efficiency of Oct4 and SSEA‐1 with CSLN and another non‐viral vector designed for the transportation of Yamanaka factors developed in our lab previously were compared with flow cytometer analysis.


This study aims to provide meaningful, in-depth and student-centered learning at elementary level. Through the development of thematic research framework as to respond to Activator Teacher Program launched by the Ministry of Education and Culture, teachers can provide quality learning. Activator Teachers as learning leaders have more roles and capacities than just teachers in the classroom. Activator Teacher is directed to have a growth mindset that is willing to learn and equip themselves, open and response positively to new things. Thematic research framework offers more of students' engagement in the learning process and develops students' research skills through each step of the research. This study is conducted through Research and Development method, ADDIE model. The results show that thematic research framework is effective. The effectiveness criteria are analyzed based on the results of the questionnaires returned by 19 students of grade 6 with an average of 4.2, the result of interview with subject teacher that indicates a meaningful, in-depth and student-centered learning through the process and the percentage of learning outcomes from 10 randomly selected students that reach 80% of accomplishment.


V02 Spatiotemporal distribution of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) in normal canine central and peripheral nervous system J. Freundt Revilla1,3, K. Kegler2,3, K. Wewetzer3, W. Baumgärtner2,3, A. Tipold1,3 1Dept. Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, 2Institute for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 3Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany Objective: The endocannabinoid system is a regulatory pathway consisting of two main types of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids. Since endocannabinoids have been shown to be elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of epileptic dogs, increased knowledge of species specific CB receptor expression in the central nervous system (CNS) is required. The CB1 receptor is expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) in mammals and is involved in neuromodulatory functions. In dogs, CB1 has only been identified in the salivary glands, hair follicles, lymph nodes, hippocampus and skin via immunohistochemical evaluation. Therefore, the current objective was to identify the spatiotemporal distribution of CB1 receptors in the normal canine CNS and PNS as a basis for future comparative studies in diseased dogs. Material and methods: Tissue samples from several regions of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves of a 4-week-old puppy, three 6-month-old dogs, and one 10-year-old dog, without clinical or pathological evidence of neurologic or infectious disease, were processed for immunohistochemistry using a rabbit polyclonal anti-human CB1 antibody cross-reacting with canine CB1. Results: In the CNS of all dogs, strong dot-like immunoreaction was observed in the neuropil of the cerebral cortex; several regions of the hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum and brainstem; and the grey matter of the spinal cord. Neurons in the basal nuclei displayed strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity as did the ependymal cells lining the ventricles. Moreover, astrocytes were constantly positive in all examined regions. CB1 labelled neurons and satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglia, and myelinating Schwann cells in the PNS. Conclusion: Thus, the locations of CB1 receptors were identified and represent the basic findings for further studies elucidating their implication in pathological conditions as well as emerging target for pharmacotherapy.


Reduced-graphene oxide/molybdenum oxide/polyaniline ternary composites, RGO(MP), for use as electrode materials for high energy density supercapacitors, were firstly synthesized using a one-step method with Mo3O10(C6H8N)2·2H2O and graphene oxide (GO) as precursors. When the mass ratio of Mo3O10(C6H8N)2·2H2O to GO is 8 : 1, the resulting composite RGO(MP)8 shows excellent electrochemical performance with a maximum specific capacitance of 553 F g−1 in 1M H2SO4 and 363 F g−1 in 1 M Na2SO4 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1. Its energy density reaches 76.8 W h kg−1 at a power density of 276.3 W kg−1, and 28.6 W h kg−1 at a high power density of 10294.3 W kg−1 in H2SO4. While in Na2SO4, the energy density achieves 72.6 W h Kg−1 at a power density of 217.7 W kg−1 and 13.3 W h Kg−1 at power density of 3993.8 W kg−1, respectively. The composite also presents good cycling stability (86.6, 73.4% at 20 mV s−1 after 200 cycles in 1 M H2SO4 and Na2SO4, respectively).


This study was conducted to analyze the effect of financial stability, external pressure, financial target, nature of industry and rasionalization on financial statement fraud. Sample used was 26 companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in 3 years observation. The type of data used is secondary data. The data is in the form of annual report of companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) in 2016 – 2018. Hypothesis testing is conducted using logistic regression method with SPSS 23 software. This study was conducted using the Binary Logistic analysis method. The result showed that the variables of financial stability has a negative effect on financial statement fraud, external pressure and financial target has a positive effect on financial statement fraud. But this study does not prove the positive influence of the nature of industry and rasionalization variables. From those result it can be concluded that there are 2 variables that have positive effect, 1 variable that have negative effect, influence and 2 variables that do not have a positive effect on financial statement fraud.


This study focused on the Impact of Mobile Learning on Students Performance in Botho University, Francistown Campus in Republic of Botswana. The Mobile learning (M-learning) is a new, exciting and promising field. M-learning likely to provide more information rather than knowledge, Information and knowledge are not identical; however the students face some problems and difficulties such as chances to learn, practice and time consuming. M-learning is one thing to create variety of ways to deliver and provide electronic resources for learner. It includes many methods such as using system to deliver text, video and animation to learner. The purpose of this research is to find the impact of mobile learning on students and analyze how the students likely to be using mobile learning for various purpose. It will intend to identify the range of student's involvement on mobile learning. This study will also emphasize students that why students need mobile learning. The samples of this study comprised of maximum 71 students from Botho University at Francistown Campus in Republic of Botswana.


Unscheduled Comments: Greg Gatzka reported that there had been a possible challenge to the Dairy Element by Attorney Michael LaSalle. Mr. Gatzka asked Committee members for their inputs concerning review of the Dairy Element. Committee Member Draxler stated that the Dairy Element was outdated and suggested recommending to the Board of Supervisors that the Community Development Agency review the Dairy Element.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of 128-slice spiral CT in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with different reconstruction methods.Methods 56 cases of primary osteoporosis patients were scanned in lumbar spine volume using 128-slice spiral CT.Used different reconstruction methods,such as 3D reconstruction,sagittal,coronal of curved surface reconstruction and thin cross-sectional reconstruction,to analyse and evaluate the vertebral fracture,and compared the result with the X-ray and MRI diagnosis.Then classified the osteoporosis degree by 128-slice spiral CT.Results 56 patients have 72 vertebral compression fractures,65 fractures of lines vertebral,4 spinal stenosis,5 appendix vertebra fracture,1 vertebral nerve foramen stenosis,5 vertebral body slide.Combining multiple reconstruction methods in 128-slice spiral CT could accurately and comprehensively diagnose the vertebral fractures.It has higher accuracy degree than that of ordinary X-ray film and MRI to show spinal canal stenosis and accessories fractures.After 128-slice spiral CT image measurement in the assessment of the degree of osteoporosis,28 cases were mild in the 56 cases,19 cases were moderate,9 cases were severe.Conclusion 128-slice spiral CT examination method has obvious advantages in evaluating the osteoporotic compression fractures degree,and could preliminarily predict the degree of osteoporotic.


The control performance of wireless networked control systems is a complex function of control system parameters such as control algorithms, controller gains, sampling period and communication system parameters such as communication protocols, network bandwidth, transmission rate, and transmission power. In order to predict and optimize the control performance of wireless networked control systems, a joint design of both the control system with appropriate control structures and algorithms and the communication system with appropriate communication structures and protocols is intended. In this contribution a wireless networked control system where sensors, controller, and actuator share data over a dedicated wireless communication network is analyzed and implemented. We show in a practical case study how different control algorithms in conjunction with dedicated communication protocols can be used to stabilize and optimize the performance of an inverted pendulum equipped with low power low energy wireless nodes.


Objective To evaluate the effect with epidural Ketamine before skin incision on the postoperative analgesia. Methods 90 patients undergoing cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. In Ketamine group(groupⅠ,n=45),Ketamine 30mg was given epidurally before skin incision; In the control group(groupⅡ,n=45),normal saline was given instead. The postoperative time of aching, VAS scores at 3h, 6h, 9h, 12h, 16h, 24h after operation, the postoperative required analgesic dosage and incidences of side-effects were observed. Results The postoperative time of aching was significantly longer in groupⅠ than that in groupⅡ. The VAS scored were significantly lower in groupⅠ than that in groupⅡ at the 16h and24h after operation. The postoperative required Morphine dosage was obviously smaller in group Ⅰ than that in groupⅡ.The side-effects were similar between the two groups. Conclusion The effect with epidural Ketamine before surgery can inhance the effect of postoperative analgesia and reduce Morphine requirement.


The Ozark Highlands biogeographic area centers on two National Park Service units: Ozark National Scenic Riverways in Missouri and Buffalo National River in Arkansas. The Ozark Highlands is part of a national network of 20 research sites established to determine the potential influence of global change on ecosystems and their adaptability. The Ozark Highlands program will integrate historic and proxy stream flows, fluvial geomorphology, and trophic-level responses in streams to model aquatic systems under mid-continent, climate change scenarios. Climate change in Ozarks streams will likely alter hydrologic/geomorphic patterns and disrupt community structure and ecological processes. Initially, the program has focused on defining variation inherent in stream systems and how ecological processes and biota respond to that variability.


— The morphology of the third upper molar of Clethrionomys glareolus is remarkably polymorphic. Two forms appear at varying frequencies in almost all the european populations. New data from Belgian and Finnish populations are reported and analyzed. The variation in frequency found locally can be attributed to genetic drift. At the european scale our data and those published elsewhere do not allow to recognize any factors which could explain the variation in frequencies. Paleontological data show that this variation has existed for at least 1.2 million years and suggest that balancing selective pressures might be acting.


The effects of the interface and two holes located near the crack path in the hybrid specimen on the dynamic crack propagation behavior have been investigated using dynamic photoelasticity with the aid of Cranz-Shardin type high speed camera system. The dynamic stress field around the dynamically propagating interface crack tip in the three point bending specimens under a dynamic load applied by a hammer dropped from 0.6 m high without initial velocity are recorded. The complex stress intensity factors for the dynamically propagating interface crack are extracted by using a overdeterministic least square method. Theoretical dynamic interface isochromatic fringe loops generated by using the numerically determined complex stress intensity factors are compared with the experimental results. Furthermore, the influence of the hole to the dynamic interface crack velocities has been investigated experimentally.


September 14, 2000, is a date which will live in, well, "nonfamy," if I may be permitted such a neologism. That day, Microsoft released Windows Millennium Edition, its most forgettable operating system. It was also the day I posted the entry p-book to my Word Spy site, along with the following prognostication: "Within a few years, using the word 'book' without any kind of modifier will be confusing because people won't know if you're talking about a book printed on paper or one that's printed on electrons (so to speak). So I predict that 'p-book'...will become a common noun that will help us distinguish between the paper and electronic formats." · For a while it looked like I couldn't have been more wrong. The number of citations for "p-book" (as well as "pbook") in the Nexis media database went from 20 in 2000 and 19 in 2001 to just 1 in 2003 and 2 in 2004. But as e‑books have become more popular, the word p-book has been showing renewed signs of life, with 20 citations in 2010, 24 in 2011, and 28 in 2012. · Language prediction is a mug's game, but it's certain that digital books (as opposed to printed analog books) are here to stay. Sales of e-books (also known as ebooks or eBooks; there is much hand-wringing in the industry over the correct spelling) have slowed down recently, but they remain the fastest growing (or, for some companies, the only growing) segment of the publishing industry. The past few years have seen a steady increase in the number of writers—amateurs as well as professionals—who are getting into digital publishing (or e-publishing). For many writers, breaking into DIY publishing is a simple matter of saving a word processing document as a PDF, then putting up that file on a website along with a PayPal donation form.


Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is one of enabling promising techniques to meet 1000X capacity increase of the future communication network with high efficiency. As the network load varies dynamically throughout the day, the base stations (BSs) often waste a lot of energy when the traffic loads are low. The smarter resource allocation scheme always brings about higher energy efficiency (EE). Obtaining the future variation of network load at different time intervals is the key to resource allocation. In this paper, an EE optimized scheme over predicted traffic loads is proposed to deal with the energy inefficiency problem resulted from the high fluctuations of traffic loads. We predict the variation of the number of users associated to a BS equipped with massive MIMO antenna array and allocate appropriate number of antennas based on the prediction result to maximize the downlink EE. We use the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm to perform the predication based on a real dataset from a major telecom operator in China. Our LSTM scheme is also compared with other machine learning algorithms and it achieves higher prediction precision. Employing our prediction method and dynamically adjusting the number of antennas, we can get 101% gain in EE compared to a baseline system where the BS runs with the fixed number of antennas all time.


Abstract : OSD-Accession Policy asked us to identify ways in which the Services can minimize the risk of misconduct separation and early attrition among waivered recruits. If the Services can identify recruit characteristics associated with these negative outcomes, they can use them as an additional screen. We obtained Service FY99-FY08 waiver and personnel information from the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC). We first characterized the demographic and military characteristics of waivered recruits. Next, we examined whether accession-related characteristics (such as ship month) or other personal characteristics (such as Tier 1 status) are associated with lower risk of misconduct separation or early attrition for waivered recruits. Performance measures included 6-, 24-, and 48-month attrition, as well as the likelihood of being a fast promoter to E5. For the Navy and the Marine Corps, we analyzed some additional performance indicators. Overall, we found that waivered recruits are not inherently risky and often perform better than Tier II/III recruits. There are, however, still ways in which the Services could minimize the "riskiness" of the waivered population. For example, some waiver combinations are more likely to lead to early attrition; additional screening or mentoring of these recruits could potentially decrease their attrition risk.


Mitigation of seismic damage can be achieved through self-centering techniques. One of the potential techniques involves the use of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SE-SMA) bars in Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. This study explores the use of such bars in the plastic-hinge regions of RC walls. The seismic performance and vulnerability of SE-SMA RC walls of ten- and twenty-story buildings are analytically assessed using fragility curves. The maximum inter-story drift, residual drift, and fragility are evaluated using multi strip analysis. The results clearly demonstrate the superior seismic performance of SE-SMA RC walls as compared to steel RC walls.


Information and Communication Technology (ICT), being the building blocks of modern society, has fundamentally changed the practices and procedures of nearly all forms of endeavor within academics and governance. The revolutionary change which is taking place in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has dramatic effects on the way universities carry out their functions of teaching, learning and research, particularly on the creation, dissemination and application of knowledge. This requires a shift in the delivery and pedagogy used in the current education system. For India to emerge as knowledge super power of the world it is imperative to convert our demographic advantage into knowledge powerhouse by nurturing and honing our working population into knowledge enabled working population. Thus ICT integration is a crying need for capacity building efforts of educational institutions. Research has suggested that using ICT in instruction enables students to take a more active role in their learning rather than their more traditional role of passive observer and listener. With all parameters it acts as a change agent in education and society by promoting a proper balance between content generations and research in critical areas. Therefore it is pertinent to pay attention to the ICT implementation in educational system for imparting easily accessible, affordable and quality higher education.


This study provides the de…nition of rectifying, normal and osculating curves in 3-dimensional Sasakian space with their characterizations. Furthermore, the di¤erential equations obtained from these characterizations are solved and their figures are presented in the text.


Survival motor neuron (SMN) plays important roles in snRNPs assembly and mRNA splicing. Deficiency of SMN causes spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a leading genetic disease of childhood mortality. Previous studies have shown that SMN regulates stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency in Drosophila and in mouse, and is abundantly expressed in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, whether SMN is required for the establishment of pluripotency is unclear. Herein, we show that SMN is gradually upregulated in pre-implantation mouse embryos and cultured cells undergoing cell reprogramming. Ectopic expression of SMN increased the cell reprogramming efficiency, whereas knockdown of SMN impeded iPSC colony formation. iPSCs could be derived from SMA model mice, but certain impairment in differentiation capacity may present. The ectopic overexpression of SMN in iPSCs can upregulate the expression levels of some pluripotent genes and restore the neuronal differentiation capacity of SMA-iPSCs. Taken together, our findings not only demonstrate the functional relevance of SMN and the establishment of cell pluripotency, but also propose its potential application in facilitating iPSC derivation.


The aim of the article was to present the relationship between social capital, taking into account its two forms: bonding and bridging capital, and emotional benefits achieved by people with disabilities as a result of its impact. At the stage of analysis we distinguish three types of benefits: physical health, mental health and life satisfaction. Conceptual framework is based on the guidelines proposed by Nan Lin in his structural theory of social capital. The empirical analysis is based on data from studies of the Social Diagnosis 2015. The main conclusion according to the results of the analysis was that social capital in an independent manner, during control of the influence of sociodemographic variables and the degree of disability, affects the quality of life of people with disabilities. In the case of physical health it was observed its negative impact, but in relation to mental health and life satisfaction the impact was positive.


This paper describes a sensing technique to detect beam deflections caused by the two different vibration modes, i.e. bending and torsion modes of a micro cantilever, separately with two piezoresistor bridge circuits. Fabrication process to incorporate this detection circuitry into a two-dimensional optical microscanner together with the signal processing circuitry for self-sustaining vibrations are presented, which enables a compact feedback control of the two-dimensional optical scanning. Prototype optical scanners with this detection circuitry and magnetostirictive actuation have been fabricated with MEMS technology and tested to verify this technology.


Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) samples were found to exhibit up to three glass transition temperatures Tg, corresponding to the whole chain and the syndiotactic and isotactic stereoblocks. An increasing tendency to multiple Tgs, and hence to phase separation, was observed with increasing isotacticity. Limiting values at infinite molecular weight for syndiotactic and isotactic PVK were obtained from correlations of the Tgs corresponding to the syndiotactic and isotactic stereoblocks with their respective average stereoblock lengths derived from 13C NMR measurements. They were found to be 549 and 399 K, respectively. The conventional Tg for PVK was found to exhibit the following dependence upon the syndiotactic dyad mole fraction Xs:

The molecular weight dependences of the conventional Tgs for several fractionated PVK samples obeyed a Fox–Flory-type relation with values of −dTg/d(1/M) varying between 7.6 × 103 for isotactic PVK and 2.7 × 105 for Luvican M 170.


Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Preharvest Factors on Postharvest Life. 2. Assessment of Crop Maturity. 3. Harvesting and Handling Methods. 4. Precooling. 5. Packaging. 6. Postharvest Treatments. 7. Storage. 8. Disease Control. 9. Safety. 10. Fruit Ripening Conditions. 11. Marketing and Transport. 12. Postharvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables. Appendices. References. Index.


We extend previous analytical work on instability growth in spherically convergent fluid systems by characterizing linear perturbation dynamics on the collapse of a gas-filled spherical cavity surrounded by an incompressible fluid. We also investigate energy damping mechanisms related to fluid compressibility and provide estimates of the conditions under which dynamic compressibility significantly affects modal behavior. The number of modes affected by compressibility is a function of the maximum radial Mach number achieved during the cavity collapse. At a maximum Mach number (Mm) of about 0.04 only the radial mode (spherical harmonic n=0) is affected. At Mm about 0.4, modes with n≤4 are affected and at Mm greater than about 0.5 all modes are strongly influenced.


Educational work neglect is an important issue in psychological literature and students in this scope face with a fundamental problem and recognition of related factors is a real concern. In recognition process of education neglect and cognitive incompatibility and learned helplessness among undereducated students of Azad University, Hamedan by using random clustering and multi-stage method for sampling 340 people have been chosen and suitable tools applied for evaluation of cognitive incompatibility, learned helplessness and work neglect. The results of analyze show that cognitive incompatibility variables and learned helplessness can predict educational neglect and there is a positive and significance relation between educational neglect and cognitive incompatibility and also, there is a positive significance relation between educational neglect and learned helplessness. We can conclude that one of determination factors of work neglect are cognitive incompatibility and learned helplessness.