Introduction Due to their importance in transmitting knowledge, teachers can play a crucial role in students' scientific literacy acquisition and motivation to respond to ongoing and future economic and societal challenges. However, to conduct this task effectively, teachers need to continuously improve their knowledge, and for that, a periodic update is mandatory for actualization of scientific knowledge and skills. This work is based on the outcomes of an educational study implemented with science teachers from Portuguese Basic and Secondary schools. We evaluated the effectiveness of a training activity consisting of lectures covering environmental and health sciences conducted by scientists/academic teachers. Material and methods The outcomes of this educational study were evaluated using a survey with several questions about environmental and health scientific topics. Responses to the survey were analyzed before and after the implementation of the scientific lectures. Results Our results showed that Basic and Secondary schools teachers' knowledge was greatly improved after the lectures. The teachers under training felt that these scientific lectures have positively impacted their current knowledge and awareness on several up-to-date scientific topics, as well as their teaching methods. Learning outcomes This study emphasizes the importance of continuing teacher education concerning knowledge and awareness about health and environmental education.


In this paper, we consider a general cellular two-way relay network, where a common multi-antenna relay station (RS) helps multiple base stations (BSs) to exchange messages with their served users simultaneously. This network model includes the thoroughly studied two-way relay (TWR) networks, multi-pair TWR networks and multi-user TWR cellular networks as special cases. We first develop a transceiver design for such a network under interference free constraints. The power allocation at the RS, BSs and users is then investigated to maximize the system sum rate. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through numerical examples. The results show that the proposed design outperforms the existing ones for those special TWR networks, and the sum rate is improved significantly through the proposed power allocation method compared to equal power allocation.


Preface Acknowledgments Timing Is Everything Charting the trend Breakout Trends Calculating the Trend The Trading Game Channels and Bands Event-Driven Trends Controlling the Risk of a Trade One-Day Chart Patterns and Reversals Continuatiohn Patterns Top and Bottom Formations Retracements, Reversals, Fibonacci Numbers, and Gann Volume, Breadth, and Open Interest Momentum and MACD Overbought/Oversold Indicators and Double Smoothing Managing Your Entry and Exit Volatility and Portfolio Management Dow Theory


Throughout his working life, Edmund Husserl corresponded with many of the leading scientists of his day (includingmathematicians, physicists andother natural scientists, as well as those working in the human sciences). His letter to Lucien Levy-Bruhl, the French philosopher, ethnologist, and anthropologist, is one of his most interesting.1 Husserl wrote it in March 1935, around the time when he received an invitation from theViennaCultural Society to deliver a lecture inVienna, which he would do some twomonths later, onMay 7–10, 1935. In preparation for this letter,Husserl made some notes on Levy-Bruhl that are nowpreserved in theHusserlArchives inLeuven, Belgium, as the unpublished convoluteK III 7, 1–9.Karl Schuhmannhas suggested thatHusserl drewon these notes when composing his letter.2 Indeed, Husserl himself mentions in his letter that he had tried to draft several earlier versions but abandoned them, as he would have been led to write a larger treatise. No response to the letter by Levy-Bruhl is extant, but Schuhmann documented that Levy-Bruhl remarked to Aron Gurwitsch: "explain it to me; I understand nothing of it" (expliquez-moi, je n'en comprends rien).3 Husserl, on the other hand, as his letter attests, was considering Levy-Bruhl's ideas with great interest. Indeed, Gurwitsch recalled, independently, that he discussed


Purpose – The web provides scholars with mechanisms to publish new types of outputs, including videos. Little is known about which scholarly videos are successful, however, and whether their impact can be measured to give appropriate credit to their creators. This article examines online academic videos to discover which types are popular and whether view counts could be used to judge their value.

Methodology/approach – The study uses a content analysis of YouTube videos tweeted by academics: one random sample and one popular sample.

Findings – The results show that the most popular videos produced by identifiable academics are those aimed at a general audience and which are edited rather than having a simple format. It seems that the audience for typical academic videos is so small that video production in most cases cannot be justified in terms of viewer numbers alone.

Practical implications – For the typical scholar, videos should be produced for niche audiences to support other activities rather than as an end in themselves. For dissemination videos, in contrast, view counts can be used as a good indicator of failure or popularity, although translating popularity into impact is not straightforward.


Method engineering has provided us with an effective way of creating specific methods to exactly suit the project in hand. This will no doubt increase the number of methods available, and the quality of the work. However, method engineers are given little guidance as to which method fragments to use. This issue will be tackled by the current research, which attempts to combine the concepts of method engineering and experience databases.


In order to improve coordination and continue the communication processes between stakeholders to resolve issues in an integrated watershed management Solo, takes the initiative of stakeholders. To realize the integration of programs, activities and funding needs to be an Integrated Resource Management Plan for the watershed Solo arranged in a participatory, involving stakeholders (stakeholders), both from the government bureaucracy which will act as a facilitator and the actors both the business community, as well as individuals and academics and observers to formulate strategies (policies and programs / activities) achievement of mutually agreed objectives on the basis of the distinctive character of the condition of natural resources (natural capital), the air (atmosphere), the land and its constituent rocks, vegetation, wildlife; human resources (human capital) and the institutions of formal and informal institutions of society (social capital), as well as resource artificial (man-made capital). In line with the implementation of policy autonomy, which the local government, both provincial and district / city has the authority and responsibility to organize his government's own household, then the use of natural resources and land is an important factor to drive the economic activities of society. In an effort to realize the management and utilization of natural resources and land optimally while maintaining the balance of ecosystems and the sustainability of the watershed, then all parties with an interest in watershed management must conduct its activities in a measurable and consistent with other related parties.


Dedication Introduction 1 Does the European Union have a foreign policy? 2 Laying the groundwork: 1945-1968 3 Institutionalising Union foreign policy 4 How it works in practice 5 The European Union and the North 6 The European Union and the neighbouring South 7 The European Union and the distant South 8 The European Union in the New Europe 9 Guns or butter? Abbreviations and glossary Bibliography Index


A coupled heat source model that combined a Gauss surface heat source with a Gauss cylindrical volumetric heat source was introduced to simulate temperature field distribution and melt pool characteristics using a finite element simulation (FEM) method for the deep and narrow melt pools formed in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) aiming at commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti). For comparison, the same simulations using the Gauss surface heat source model and the double ellipsoid heat source model were also performed. The simulated melt pool geometries using the coupled heat source model match well with the measurements, with an average error of 1% for the melt pool depth and 7% for the width. Based on the single-track experimental results, it was found by comparing the simulated results from the three heat source models that the coupled heat source model had better accuracy than the other two. Then, the temperature field and the melt pool geometries of CP-Ti fabricated at different laser power levels from 300 W to 500 W and scanning speeds from 600 mm/s to 4000 mm/s were simulated. According to the simulated maximum temperature and geometries of the melt pool, a suitable process parameters map for CP-Ti was obtained. The reported experimental results agree well with the simulated map. The coupled heat source model is more accurate and applicable for the deep and narrow melt pools formed during L-PBF.


Based on several decades of model construction experience of CNPC geophysical exploration laboratory, this paper introduces the principles of seismic physical modeling briefly. The precision of physical modeling experiments has been analyzed as well, absolute errors of construction is within 3mm. Upon theoretical study, the largest and most complex KS seismic physical model, which aims to solve the problems of complex surface conditions and non-ideal imaging for complex underground structure in oil-rich foreland basin of western china, has been constructed to provide standard data for the theoretical research of complex structure. The real 3D velocity model provided by accurate 3D shape measurement technology can be regarded as basic data for testing many imaging methods. Therefore, this model can be regarded as a standard example for seismic physical modeling technology.


Engineering solutions to surveillance operations in wide areas are based on the integration of manned aircrafts and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in complex System-of-Systems (SoS) architectures. The selection of one specific architecture depends on a very large set of parameters and constraints related to the surveillance scenario, target statistics and the availability of limited resources such as electro-magnetic spectrum, crew, airfields or simply budgetary restrictions. This paper covers the use of Genetic Algorithms (GA) to obtain the best SoS architecture for a given surveillance scenario and a given set of limited resources.


Abstract : Under a Cooperative Research Development Agreement between Seattle Photonics (Seattle, Washington) and the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (Fort Rucker, Alabama), a novel product called the Seattle Photonics' Light Homogenizing Sheet (LHS) is evaluated for use as a backlight in helmet-mounted display designs. The LHS is designed to spread the light from a source uniformly over a well-defined area with high light efficiency. Seattle Photonics provided two demonstration units (DEMO 1 and DEMO 2). The Seattle Photonics LHS contained in both DEMO 1 and DEMO 2 produced greater illumination uniformity and light efficiency than did a comparable device representing current technology. In the evaluation, the LHS in both DEMO 1 and DEMO 2 produced approximately 1.7 to 1.9 times greater light efficiency than did the comparison device. The illumination from the LSD screen is best described as a Gaussian distribution and produces a more highly uniform light distribution.


With the advancement in the dental implant treatment, many new innovative improvements have been developed in the designs and components of
implants. These improvements helps to handle the compromising situations where sometimes the good treatment option can become more
challenging. One of the such grueling condition is implant placement in the anterior maxilla where dentist has to fulll both aesthetic and functional
demand. Many aesthetic failures of implant have been reported in the literature in the anterior maxilla. One of them is placing implant in sites with
deciency of facial bone thickness which sometimes resulted in malposition of implant. This case report discusses about the prosthodontic
correction of malpositioned implant in the anterior maxilla by using castable abutment. The use of castable abutment is concluded as successful
treatment option for complex misaligned and malposed single dental implant.


The resistive wall mode generated by plasma-wall relative rotations is studied numerically in a slab model with a compressible plasma flow parallel to the magnetic field. The linear growth of the mode is investigated with different parameters in numerical simulations. The critical plasma flow velocities for the instability are calculated as the wave number of the mode and other parameters vary. It is found that in the long wavelength regime, the critical velocity is in the range of the sound speed cs, as predicted in theory. In the short wavelength regime however, the critical velocity increases to a level of Alfven velocity VA and a second stable region is found. This region eventually merges with the first stable region as the wave number increases and stabilizes the mode. The growth rate of the mode decreases with the wave number of the mode and the plasma viscosity. The critical wave number for the instability is also calculated as the plasma velocity changes.


"In this discussion paper ... [the authors] ... review past trends in fertilizer use, estimate future needs, and assess technical and policy measures for dealing with environmental and energy concerns related to fertilizer use" P. v.


Based on the analysis of the engineering restrictions for whole aircraft reliability allocation, a practicable model for basic mission reliability coordinated allocation is put forward in this paper. The model has been used in a trainer aircraft reliability allocation task, and its rationality and engineering applicability are proved.


Design To most simply model the previously investigated coaxially loaded antennas one can straightforwardly substitute a short-circuited microstrip line attached to the edge of a rectangular patch element. Use of a coaxial load was considerably more flexible, however, since the separation between resonances as well as the resonant frequencies themselves could also be adjusted by moving the load position away from the edge. To emulate this variation the microstrip line has also been designed with a specified "inset" dimension as shown in figure 1. Unfortunately positioning the load in the interior of the patch results in yet another parameter, g, the gap spacing between the line and the radiator. This parameter seems to have little effect on the upper resonance but tends to reduce the lower resonant frequency as the gap spacing is


In this article,based on the principle of sequence stratigraphy,the sequences in Lower Cretaceous of Tanan depression in Tamtsag Basin,Mongolia are discriminated and correlated according to well logging and seismic data,and four third-order sequences(SQ1-SQ4)are identified.On the basis of these results,the characteristics of sequence structures are studied and the types of sequences are classified through analysis of the tectonic evolution features: SQ1 and SQ2 are sequences of initial rift lacustrine basin,SQ3 is a sequence of maximum rift lacustrine basin,and SQ4 is a sequence of post rift lacustrine basin.The sequence structures are mainly controlled by tectonic subsidence patterns,because the tectonic subsidence patterns are different in the evolution time of Tanan depression,three types of sequence models are formed,which are simple half graben shaped slope model,differential subsidence and tectonic rollback model,and depression sequence model.The development and distribution of stratigraphic and lithologic traps are distinct in different sequence models.


Past research shows that a small percentage of health's care employees commit an assortment of criminal acts while on the job. Missing from previous research, however, is an examination of the effects such acts have on the poor (i.e. the victims). This paper fills this void by considering the effects of three broadly define health care crimes: Medicaid fraud, elder abuse, and prescription fraud. In addition to the direct victimization experiences of those served by the health care system, the physical, economic, and time losses are also considered. Implications for future research and policy are provided. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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By referring to relative material,watching the videotapes and doing statistic analysis on the acts,difficulty,continuous additional scores and accomplishment of the top six athletes' horizontal bar final performance in the 41st World Championship of Gymnastics and the 29th Olympic Games and the 11th National Games,this paper analyzed the new development of men's horizontal bar.The result showed: flying acts are the main acts composing the set of D point's value acts,and diversified;the connection of 0.2 points' value is increasing obviously;D point's acts below Act C are decreasing;good D point's acts are the basic to win,and the completion quality of the acts is the guarantee to success.


ABSTRACT Citizens in Ghana have a host of options when it comes to local governance provision as a result of the government's decentralization policies. We undertake to explore and understand how Ghanaians navigate the constellation of local institutions, both formal and traditional, to solve an array of common problems. A four-constituency survey was administered during the summer of 2009 and asked respondents about their experiences interacting with four formal institutions and one traditional institution. We find that formal institutions are by and large working effectively and are enhanced by the presence of a traditional institution. We consider the implications of our results with respect to both democratization and decentralization.


A six degree of freedom dynamic bearing model (DBM) has been used to simulate roller-raceway slip for a cylindrical roller bearing used in an intermediate shaft location of a wind turbine gearbox. The DBM simulates the motion of bearing components such as an inner raceway, a cage, and cylindrical rollers. Radial internal clearance and operating conditions such as load and speed were varied in order to identify the most critical parameters governing roller-raceway slip. The results indicate that significant slip occurs during rapid transient accelerations and decelerations, but these high slip conditions decay to a much lower level of slip at steady state. The results also demonstrate that extreme slip occurs for low load and high speed conditions because of concomitant contact area reduction and traction loss at the roller-raceway interfaces.© 2010 ASME


This study compares the use of external debt finance by male-and female-owned small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ghana to determine whether female-owned firms are less likely to use debt as a source of financing their operations. The results indicate that the capital structure of SMEs is influenced by the legal form, location, size, age and profitability of the firm and the educational background and gender of the entrepreneur. They also suggest that female-owned SMEs are significantly less likely to employ debt finance. The findings seem to support the notion that there is adverse discrimination in the lending process, placing women at a disadvantage. Females may not be able to penetrate informal networks as well as males, which clearly could affect their ability to gain access to useful information and sources of capital. Also, female-owned firms tend to be small sole-proprietorship businesses; thus, they may lack the necessary collateral to qualify them for debt finance. There is generally high conformity in the results of this study with similar studies in other parts of the world. Recommendations are given to help promote female-owned SMEs in Ghana.


Tiie following are the conclusions of a paper recently read at the Academie dcs Sciences, detailing the results of MM. Becquerel and llodier's latest hsematological researches.?1. The majority of chronic diseases and various anti-hygienic circumstances induce an increase or diminution in the three principal elements of the blood?the globules, the fibrine, and the albumen, and this either separately or simultaneously.?2. The globules undergo diminution in the course of most chronic


This paper uses the capability approach to examine constraints that potentially hinder students to tap into the full potential of digital technologies in the context of higher education in a developing country. We start with an overview of Sen's capability approach and related conversion factors, and discuss how digital technologies influence students' capability development. Then, we provide results gained from analyzing qualitative data collected among developing country students. The eight key constraints that emerged from the analysis (dependence on technology, procrastination, teacher's habit, lack of institutional policies, limited internet access, lack of university infrastructure, inaccurate information, and mass of information) are described and further classified. This research provides a renewed digital technology constraint notion and exemplary evidence highlighting the connotation of these constraints for students pursuing higher education in the context of a developing country.


Objective To analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients undergoing operation.Methods The clinical characteristics and follow up data of 887 patients with gastric cancer treated from January 1990 to December 2001 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed by univariate and multivariate methods.Results Of the 887 cases,the overall 1-,3-and 5-year survival rate was 79.63%,49.29% and 43.40%,respectively.In the univariate analysis,tumor location,TNM stage,pathological type,operative method,and chemotherapy were related to the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.Multivariate Cox model analysis showed that TNM stage,pathological type,operative method,and chemotherapy were the related factors for patients with gastric cancer.Conclusions TNM stage,pathological type,operative method,and chemotherapy are important prognostic factors for patieuts with gastric cancer undergoing operation.


Mao Ze dong made unremitting efforts to Chinese modernization and put forward the four modernizations which is one of the most remarkable contributions to Chinese modernization theory.Mao's cognition of Chinese modernization tasks experi-ences several processes and develops from realizing industrialize to realizing industrialize focusing on heavy industry and then to re-alizing the four modernizations based on scientific technology.


Mobile wireless sensor networks have the ability to monitor wide geographical areas. A suitable distribution of sensors can provide an optimal coverage (according to a predefined criterion) of the area of interest. On the other hand, mobile sensors can also move to the point of interest if necessary, thereby possibly leaving large regions vulnerable. In this paper we study how to balance optimal coverage with the need to quickly respond to an event. In particular, we show that by coordinating their actions, sensors can effectively estimate the location of a biochemical source while still providing a high level of coverage of the area of interest. We describe two switching control laws that achieve such a coordination and analyze their performance


Glaucoma is a common eye disease that damages an optic nerve due to abnormally high pressure inside the eye. Glaucoma can cause visual impairments and eventually lead to blindness. There is no appropriate treatment to prevent blindness when the optic nerve is damaged. Therefore, an early diagnosis is important to prevent vision loss from glaucoma. An automated framework for glaucoma screening from fundus images is advantageous. It can facilitate the ophthalmologist in the diagnosis and prevent blindness. Many glaucoma screening algorithms have been developed based on a clinical indicator, the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR). However, these algorithms have some limitations for myopia and genetically large optic cup eyes. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework for glaucoma screening that can be applied even in myopia. The 2 clinical indicators, cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and neuroretinal rim area rule (inferior > superior > nasal > temporal (ISNT)), are applied in the proposed screening algorithm for accurate glaucoma assessment. Moreover, the automatic classification of glaucoma or non-glaucoma from fundus images is performed by a support vector machine (SVM). Therefore, the experimental results show that the proposed screening algorithm can accurately classify glaucoma to normal eyes or myopic eyes.
HIGHLIGHTS

A framework for glaucoma screening is proposed to classify myopia and genetically large optic cup eyes
Two clinical indicators, cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and neuroretinal rim area rule (inferior > superior > nasal > temporal (ISNT)), are applied in the proposed screening algorithm for accurate glaucoma assessment
Automatic classification of glaucoma or non-glaucoma from fundus images is performed by a support vector machine (SVM)
The proposed framework can provide less time consuming, cost-effective and physician independent system for glaucoma screening

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Data-driven temporal filtering approaches basedona specific optimization criterion havebeenshowntobe capable of enhancing thediscrimination androbustness ofspeech features in speech recognition. Thefilters inthese approaches areoften obtained withthestatistics ofthefeatures inthetemporal domain. Inthis paper, we derive newdata-driven temporal filters that employthestatistics ofthemodulation spectra ofthespeech features. Thenewtemporal filtering approach isbasedonthe constrained version ofLinear Discriminant Analysis (C-LDA). It isshownthat theproposed C-LDAtemporal filters caneffectively improve thespeechrecognition accuracy invarious noise corrupted environments. Inexperiments conducted onTestSetA oftheAurora-2 noisy digits database, these newtemporal filters, together withcepstral meanandvariance normalization (CMVN), provides average relative error reduction rates ofover47%and 30%,whencompared withthebaseline MFCC processing and CMVN alone, respectively. IndexTerms- temporal filter, modulation frequency, noise robustness, linear discriminant analysis


Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 655–656 Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) are pathophysiologically linked manifestations of the same disease, but their natural course, prognosis, and therapeutic management are quite different in clinical practice. Clearly, the risk of death related to the initial acute episode is higher in patients who present with PE than in those with DVT (1). Overall, acute symptomatic PE, which typically occurs 3–7 days after the onset of DVT, has been reported to be associated with a case fatality rate ranging from 7% to 11%, or even higher, in the acute phase (2, 3). Mortality rates are particularly high in the small proportion (approximately 5%) of patients who have clinically massive PE, i.e. those who are in cardiogenic shock on admission. On the other hand, prognostically unfavourable signs of right ventricular dysfunction and myocardial injury may be detected on echocardiography or computed tomography scan, or by biomarker testing, in as many as 50% of all patients with PE, including many of those who are normotensive at presentation. Immediate institution of heparin anticoagulation, while awaiting definite confirmation, is life-saving in acute PE and clearly recommended in current guidelines (4–6), as less than 10% of all deaths related to the acute episode have been shown to occur in adequately anticoagulated patients (7). In addition to heparin, patients with clinically massive PE and selected normotensive patients with right ventricular dysfunction might benefit from medical (i.e. thrombolysis) or surgical recanalisation treatment (8, 9). PE and particularly idiopathic, unprovoked PE is, like DVT, a life-long disease, and chronic secondary prophylaxis with oral anticoagulants is necessary. In fact, without continuing anticoagulation, as many as 50% of patients with symptomatic proximal DVT or PE will suffer a recurrent episode within the first three months (7). The frequency of recurrence appears to be independent of the initial clinical manifestation of venous thromboembolism, i.e. whether the patient suffered DVT or PE, but nevertheless venous thromboembolism is almost three times more likely to recur as PE if also the initial event was PE than if it was DVT (1). This observation renders effective secondary prophylaxis in patients who have suffered PE a particularly relevant issue. The optimal duration of oral anticoagulation after an initial episode of idiopathic or unprovoked PE has been extensively reviewed in recent guidelines (4) but still continues to be poorly standardised and partly controversial. As a result, decisions are often made based on the clinicians' individual judgement. In their most recent study which appears in the current issue of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, White et al. begin by elegantly summarising themost important clinical factors which should be considered in the decision on how long to anticoagulate: (a) The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism for the patient if anticoagulation is stopped, (b) the risk of bleeding if therapy is continued; and, most importantly perhaps, (c) the risk of death or serious morbidity if the patient suffers recurrent PE. With their retrospective registry, the authors attempted to bring more light into the above issues and particularly into the case-fatality rates of recurrent PE. Most of the studies addressing recurrence prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism have included patients with DVT rather than focussing on PE alone. From the available data, it appears that the overall long-term recurrence rates may be 30% or even higher after 8–10 years (10–12), and it was suggested that indefinite treatment is capable of reducing the risk for recurrent thromboembolism by up to 90% (13). On the other hand, and importantly, studies and meta-analyses have also shown that the benefits of oral anticoagulation are partly offset by the increased risk of major bleeding (13, 14). Notably, vitamin K antagonists are highly effective in preventing recurrent thromboembolism during treatment, but they do not eliminate the risk of subsequent recurrence after their discontinuation regardless of the duration of treatment (15, 16). In the present study published inThrombosis and Haemostasis, White et al. (17) retrospectively review the hospital records and discharge data of 3,456 patients below 55 years of age after an initial episode of symptomatic PE. Recurrence and death rates were determined over a mean period of 3.2 years. Overall, 12% of patients suffered from recurrent venous thromboembolism during this period, yielding a recurrence rate of 13% during the © 2008 Schattauer GmbH, Stuttgart


The present invention relates to intraluminal probe. The present invention provides a packaged lumen probe, comprising a tube (12), the tube (12) is provided with a hydrophilic coating having a proximal holding end connected to the nozzle (14), nozzle (14) has a tube (12) and the opening (18) and communicating with the conduit, the entire probe is placed on the flexible transparent sealed packaging, intraluminal probe. The probe is provided with an opening (18) closing removable plug (20), packaging, a tube (12) lumen and the nozzle (14) of the two sealed room that communicates only with conduits (24 , 26) so that said nozzle is defined, is fixed to the nozzle (14) in such a manner that is sealed, a first room (24) comprises a wetting fluid for the coating of the tube (12), the second room (26) does not contain any wetting liquid. Use for urinary probing (see FIG. 1) .FIELD 1


The first time I made the trip through the Spokane Valley was on a hot July afternoon nearly twelve years ago. Most of it was dry pasture land, but here and there were fields of grain, many of them already cut, bound and shocked. This seemed unusual to me for that time of the year, for in my own neighborhood, some 80 miles (128 km.) south of this, the grain would not be ready to cut for some four weeks yet. Under these conditions it looked quite dry, parched and dusty. Houses were few and far between, and the bright sun shining on the whiteness of dry grass and stubble made the tree-covered hills at each side of the valley look far more inviting.


Vanillic acid diethylamide, a respiratory stimulant, was injected intravenously in doses of 0.5 to 2 mg. per kilogram. Effects were noted within 30 seconds; they lasted approximately 10 minutes. There was an average increase in tidal respiratory volume of 48 per cent and in respiratory rate of 24 per cent. Electroencephalograms were made bejore and after administration. The drug led to diminution of alpha activity, scattered high voltage spikes, cerebral dysrhythmias, and in 1 patient a tonic seizure. There were no significant changes in pulse rate or blood pressure.


In Augmented Reality systems, virtual objects are combined with real objects, both three dimensional, interactively and at run-time. In an ideal scenario, the user has the feeling that real and virtual objects coexist in the same space and is unable to differentiate the types of objects from each other. To achieve this goal, research on rendering techniques have been conducted in recent years. In this paper, we present a Systematic Literature Review aiming to identify the main characteristics concerning photorealism in Mixed and Augmented Reality systems to find research opportunities that can be further exploited or optimized. The objective is to verify if exists a definition of photorealism in Mixed and Augmented Reality. We present a theoretical fundamental over the most used methods concerning realism in Computer Graphics. Also, we want to identify the most used methods and tools to enable photorealism in Mixed and Augmented Reality systems.


PbS-doped glasses are prepared. Absorption and luminescence spectra show that both the absorption and infrared emission can be tuned widely by thermal treatment conditions. Optical amplification at 1300nm is observed, and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) spectrum is also measured to confirm the optical gain from PbS quantum dots.


New materials and new design concepts are being incorporated in a new approach to an old idea -- flywheel energy storage -- to create an important alternative to the electrochemical storage battery for use in electric vehicles or for stationary applications, such as computer back-up power or utility load-leveling. We visualize such EMBs (electromechanical batteries) as being modular in character, with small (1--5 kWh) modules being used for power-conditioning and for vehicular use, and paralleled 25 kWh modules being used for bulk storage, i.e., load-leveling, applications. In a funded program at the Laboratory two fractional kWh, 200 kW (design peak power) modules have been constructed and subjected to shake-down testing. Their design for high peak power was prompted by awareness of a particular commercial need, as a component in a power-line conditioning device. In addition to such stationary applications, the high power capability of our EMB designs makes them attractive for use in hybrid-electric vehicles. Important elements of the LLNL program include the development of passive magnetic bearings and the application of new high-efficiency permanent magnet arrays to an ironless generator/motor. Use of these particular elements, together with a multi-ring design for the flywheel rotor, is particularly conducive to amore » systemic approach to the design of an EMB module. These particular design developments have been motivated by the economic issues of simplification, lowered cost, and extended maintenance-free service life.« less


Talking about leadership is in line with followers' confidence in the credibility and integrity of a leader in an organization. The qualities of a leader are not only based on the language of his words, but also the language of his body which must conform to what is implied in his mind and soul, which is reflected in his behaviour. Leaders are a guide to the design and direction of their followers in accomplishing their common goals and objectives. In line with this, the conceptual paper here is to discusses some of the leadership qualities needed in the formation of strong human governance of human capital. These leadership qualities include a positive dimension of values that should be interpreted explicitly and implicitly. It can give the impression that leadership responsibilities are not only subject to the dominating entities that directly control followers, but also need to emphasize the value of a leader who works from a positively personal aspect. The dark side of a leader will only change the landscape of the organization because there will be a pattern of reckless compliance with followers who dispel their ethics and manners. Therefore, a leader needs to put the goodness side of themselves as a highlight based on leadership to ensure that everything is in line with universal values and society demands.


THE LITERATURE ON African politics abounds with such terms as 'communalism', 'pluralism', 'tribalism' and 'ethnicity'. The meaning as well as the terminology varies. Those who talk of the 'search for national integration in Africa'" use these terms to refer either to objective socio-economic disparities and cleavages, or to subnational loyalties and prejudices. For such writers the major theoretical and empirical problem is to determine the relationship between the two. For those, however, who see Africa's main problem as the subjugation of the masses by the national bourgeoisies, communalism emerges primarily as a form of false consciousness or at least a politically expedient interpretation of the contemporary scene which provides a 'mask for class privilege' and a means for the 'ideological containment' of the masses by the governing elites.2 The problem then is one of assessing the degree of autonomy of the ideology and its actual influence and impact upon the societies. Frequently the impression is given of an antagonism between the pluralist and


Taking four main tree species of Guangxi namely Pinus massoniana,Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla,Cinnamomum camphora and Camellia oleifera as the study targets,the allelopathy of the aqueous extracts of leaves on seed germination of Raphanus sativus,Brassica parachinensis and Brassica chinensis were tested and studied.The results indicated that among the aqueous extracts of litter,the allelopathy of Cinnamomum camphora was the strongest,next came Camellia oleifera and Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla,that of Pinus massoniana was the lowest.As far as the aqueous extracts of fresh leaves were concerned,the allelopathy of Eucalyptus grandis×E. urophylla was the strongest,next came Cinnamomum camphora and Camellia oleifera,that of Pinus massoniana was the lowest.The seed germination of Raphanus sativus was particularly sensitive to the aqueous extract of Cinnamomum camphora,whereas the seed germination of Brassica chinensis was particularly sensitive to the aqueous extract of Camellia oleifera.


In the framework of a large project aimed to derive the Galactic structure from star-counts and kinematic information we present preliminary results concerning 6 fields in the direction of the Carina arm and one field in the bulge. Assuming a logarithmic spiral structure, we derive a pitch angle of 12.73◦ ± 0.2◦ in the case of a four-armed spiral and a pitch angle of 6.53◦ ± 0.20 using a twoarmed spiral. We cannot distinguish between a fourand a twoarmed structure. However, the scale height of the Carina arm is found to be 0.05-0.1 kpc, definitely smaller than the value of 0.30 kpc suggested by Taylor & Cordes (1993) as a mean value for the spiral arms. This is in agreement with the dynamical model of the Galaxy by Amaral & Lepine (1997) where even if four arms are present, only two are dominant. The analysis of the bulge field suggests an age spread from 12 to 9


JEL Classification: E43; F62; G21: P42. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the simultaneous and partial influence of soybean price, consumption of tofu tempeh, the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar, and interest rates factors on MSMEs income, (2) dominant factors on tofu tempeh MSMEs income and (3) the effect of tofu tempeh MSMEs income on the Province GRDP. This research is a quantitative study with a purposive method of determining research areas and a quarterly time series secondary data analysis method from 2009-2019 using OLS Multiple Regression. The analysis shows that all variables simultaneously have a significant effect on MSME income. Partially, the variables that have a significant positive effect on the income of tofu tempeh MSME are soybean prices, consumption of tofu tempeh and the exchange rate, while interest rates have a negative effect. The coefficient of determination of 96% with the magnitude of the determinant partially from the largest in the sequence is the consumption of tofu tempeh, soybean prices, exchange rates, and interest rates, there is no dominant factor. MSMEs income proxy with recursive income has a significant positive effect on Provincial GRDP with a determinant coefficient of 55%. The research findings are that MSMEs are resistant to fluctuations in exchange rates and contribute greatly to the GDRP.


Described in this paper is an analytical model for calculating the natural vibration characteristics of a blade disc coupled system. Through the use of the cyclic symmetry function of a finite element general program NASTRAN and the function of geometrical nonlinearity a computational analysis has been conducted of a naval gas turbine blade disc structure. During the calculation, the effect has been taken into account of the rotating centrifugal force and temperature dependent material parameters on the natural characteristics. The obtained harmonic resonance vibration frequency is found to be in basic agreement with the experimental results.


Transient faults can lead to serious errors in execution. Providing protection for the processor core against these faults requires redundant execution, which leads to a performance loss. However, not all bit flips have equal impac t on the processor. The Architectural Vulnerability Factor (AVF) quantifies when a soft error is likely to alter the final output and when it has little impact due to the effects of masking. Thus, redundancy is only important during periods of high AVF. Although calculating the AVF typically requires post-execution analysis of the microarchitectural behavior of a program, recent work has shown it can be estimated online. However, redundan t execution changes the bits that flow through the processor, e xposing bottlenecks that single-threaded execution may not dis play and slowing overall execution to an unpredictable degree. T his variability complicates estimation of the single-threaded AVF during redundant execution, making it difficult to decide when protection is unnecessary due to low vulnerability. To leve rage these low AVF periods without leaving the processor vulnera ble to transient faults, we need a way to track the single-threadedAVF even when protection is enabled. Our solution is to investig ate the predictability of the single-threaded AVF during redundant execution and develop predictors for the underlying AVF of three processor structures. We then evaluate these predictors ina partial RMT implementation using intelligent toggling wit h a sample reliability policy.


In order to prepare white electrophoretic particles,SiO2 particles were prepared by hydrolysis of ethyl orthosilicate in ammonia/alcohol solution.The prepared SiO2 particles were immerged in aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution(30 %,mass fraction),and then surface was modified by 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate(MPS).The particles and styrene were dispersed in 2-propanol,then the SiO2 particles were coated with different thickness by free radical copolymerization of styrene with MPS.The surface modality,size of the pure SiO2 and coated particles,the surface chemical bond of coated particles,surface Zeta potential and dispersion in perchloroethylene were studied by scanning electron microscope(FESEM),high resolution transmission electron microscopes,Fourier-transform infrared spectra(FTIR),Zeta potential measurement.It is found that the polystyrene grafted on the surface of SiO2 particles,coating layer was uniformity and full,the thickness of coating layer was about 10~25 nm which thickened along with the increased quality of styrene,Zeta potential was improved from-4.26 mV to-45.73 mV,the response time of academic calculation achieved 183 ms,under electric field which voltage is 9 V,dispersion of coated particles was good,48 h after dispersing,the best disperse rate reached to 87 %.


Based on S R decomposition theorem of finite deformation, the power form of energy principle by taking external body moment into account was presented. The incremental virtual power principle and the corresponding basic equations of finite element were deduced, providing a theoretical basis for solving engineering practical problems of large deformation and large rotation.


In the screening of apoptosis‐related genes, an elevated 4.5‐kb transcript representing the full‐length cDNA of human secreted frizzled‐related protein (hsFRP) was cloned. To investigate its possible role in the regulation of cell proliferation, gene expression of hsFRP was examined in human immortalized breast epithelial cell line HBL‐100 during growth arrest and apoptosis. Serum deprivation caused G1 arrest and induction of hsFRP. When serum was re‐introduced into the cell culture, the expression of hsFRP declined. Adriamycin treatment induced accumulation of hsFRP mRNA and decrease of β‐catenin. This indicates that the regulation of hsFRP may be involved in the cell‐cycle/apoptosis mechanism and possibly in the wnt signaling pathway. hsFRP transcripts were undetectable in cells derived from malignant breast carcinomas, but detectable in 3 immortalized non‐malignant breast epithelial cell lines, indicating the involvement of hsFRP in the breast malignant transformation. When tumor and adjacent normal tissues from the same patients were examined, lower expression was found in 5/5 of breast tumors, 2/4 of ovary tumors and 3/5 of kidney tumors. These data suggest the possible involvement of hsFRP in regulation of cell proliferation and breast tumorigenesis. Int. J. Cancer 78:95–99, 1998.© 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


After the expiration of twelve months, Mr. A. R. Hunt, who was present at the meeting of the British Association at Belfast, has published in your September number a criticism on my address. His paper deals with a variety of matters with which I need not concern myself. His remarks on tourmaline have reference to another author, and not to anything I have written on that subject. He also passes strictures on what he calls "incidental geology," but as he includes Lord Kelvin and Canon Bonney with me in his condemnation, I can only congratulate myself on being in such good company.


This paper argues that the evolution of social policy – vulgo: labor market mandates – in the European Union seems to follow a set path. Intervals of activism have been followed by challenges and checks to its development, but Treaty innovations (inter al.) have provided the impetus for further activism. The classic and first case in point was the Single European Act (1976), which presaged a new bout of legislation by widening the reach of qualified majority voting. The next was Maastricht, or the Treaty on European Union (1991) and the Agreement on Social Policy, which for the first time established a firm basis for social policy. An intermediate but instructive step was passage of the Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) which formally incorporated the latter into the main body of the treaty rather than leaving it as a Protocol appended to the treaty, The most recent instance is the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe, which was to morph into the Reform (or Lisbon) Treaty of December 2007. This agreement portends more fundamental reforms for two reasons. First, it implies new legislation in the area of labor relations (issues such as pay determination, the rights to strike/lockout, and the right of association) previously expressly excluded from social policy. Second, it will test some member states applying European law, which means that theoretical opt outs may be just that. And, if history is any guide, there will be subsequent consolidation to bring the labor standards set under legislation into line with European Court of Justice decisions and a further ratcheting-up of standards.


There is a long-standing literature on the potential for the fiscal transfers induced by taxes on emissions to produce a double dividend. This has taken place within the context of static models without regions or population mobility. In this paper, we examine the potential effects of fiscal transfers induced by emissions taxes in a stockflow pollutant problem over multiple regions in the presence of population mobility. We show that the induced fiscal transfers influence the time chosen by a social welfare maximising decision maker to converge to sustainable pollutant stock targets. The precise impact of the induced fiscal transfers on the convergence time is shown to depend upon the nature of the stock-flow problem and in particular whether the current pollutant stock exceeds or is less than the sustainable level. JEL Codes: Q53, R11, H23, H41, H73.


OF ALL TUMOURS of the skin and extern al mucosae those which are pigmented pr esent the most difficult diagnostic pr oblems to clin ician and histologist. In assessing malignancy errors are common in both directions. Melanin, the normal skin pigment, is an iron-free brown pigment derived from dihydroxy-phenyl alanine (Dopa) which is a colourless derivative of tyro sine. I t is believed that melanin is manufactured in certain specific cellsmelanoblastswhich contain a specific enzyme, dopa-oxydase. The exact orig in of the melanoblast is a matter for continuing academic debate. T ypical dendritic melanoblasts can be demonstrated in the epidermis of normal skin and are especially abundant in the basal layers. There is general agreement that some melanoblasts are epidermal in origin (Dawson, 1925 ; Allen 1949), but Masson (1951), believes them to have a dual origin, some being rela ted to the terminal nerve fibres of the skin and deri ved from neuro-ectoderm. Still others postul ate a mesodermal origin. Tumours containing or composed of cells capable of producing melanin may justifiably be termed melanomata. Classification of such lesions is not easy and no completely satisfactory classification has yet been suggested . A useful practical classification is that of Allen and Spitz (1953), namely:


This study aimed to understand and compare the effects of integrated reading-writing instruction with English predictable books and traditional vocabulary and sentence patterns instruction on the elementary school fifth graders' English writing ability. Sixty-eight 5th graders participated in the study for 14 weeks, two 20-minute sections per week; 34 people were assigned to the experimental group and 34 the control group, with the homogeneity in their CYLET between two groups. The experimental group received integrated reading-writing instruction with predictable books, while the control group received traditional vocabulary and sentence patterns instruction. Preand post-tests on writing were conducted before and after the experimental teaching. CHILDES was used to analyze English vocabulary and syntax as shown in the participants' writing performances. Paired-Sample t-Test and One-Way ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that integrated reading-writing instruction with English predictable books effectively enhanced the participants' writing. The experimental group improved significantly in the posttest as compared to the control group, especially on their English vocabulary use in writing. Traditional vocabulary and sentence patterns instruction failed to improve the control group's English vocabulary and syntax as shown in the writing performances. The researchers thus made recommendations for teaching and future research.


The dictionary names "an ironical speaker or writer" an ironist. D. C. Muecke (3-13) has named those who study irony "ironologists." Paul Russell (68) calls "irony hounds" those who pursue ironic outcomes in human affairs. While ironists keep on providing texts for the other two, it is ironologists in literary criticism and irony hounds in historical inquiry who coexist in religious studies today. Given the preoccupation with textuality in such studies, literary irony has received much attention. The writings of Muecke himself, along with those of Wayne C. Booth, J. A. K. Thompson, and the many scores of critics referred to in their bibliographies, are book-length elaborations of this literary trope.1 Most modern literary critics in England and America, among them Cleanth Brooks, Erich Heller, and Kenneth Burke, have included such irony in their analyses, and it is common in works on religion and literature. Booth admits that he has been tempted to propose "a requiem for the terms 'irony,' 'ironic,' and 'ironically,' because of their overuse and misuse" (1983). Meanwhile, the irony hounds have less frequently been busy at book-length work, and they have been less central in religious studies. Three books come to mind. Hayden White has been chiefly attentive to European historians in Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Richard Reinitz has written an American counterpart, Irony and Consciousness. The subtitle of that work includes


The magnetization process in soft amorphous alloys is dominated by microstructural disorder (random local anisotropies, surface roughness, etc.) and exhibits an inherent complexity which makes difficult and questionable the application of simplified magnetization models based on independent domain wall motion or coherent magnetization rotation [ 11. In addition, microstructural features govern not only quasi-static hysteresis, but also dynamic effects, as the excess loss, produced by dynamic domain wall processes, is dominant with respect to the classical loss. A most convenient tool to deal with these random features is represented by the Preisach hysteresis model, whose statistical nature is well apt to describe processes dominated by microstructural disorder. The Preisach switching field distribution p(a, p), numerically reconstructed from a proper set of quasi-static minor loop measurements [2], provides, in a sense, a representation of the material microstructure, as probed by the magnetic domain structure. On the other hand, once p(a,p) is known, magnetization curves under any generic field history can be calculated. It is certainly true that this approach would have a poor predictive power if it were limited to quasi-static curves, since a substantial set of quasi-static measurements is needed to reconstruct p(a,p). Yet, the method becomes extremely powerful when extended to dynamic hysteresis calculations through the dynamic Preisach model (DPM) [3]. By this model, the shape of dynamic hysteresis loop shapes under arbitrary excitation conditions ( magnetization frequency, peak induction, field waveshape ) are directly predicted on the basis of the static Preisach distribution. In this way, one can study quite generally the effect of microstructure ( i.e., p(a,p) ) on excess losses. In the dynamic calculation, the only unknown parameter is the linear dimension, Al, of the correlation regions providing coherent flux changes during the magnetization process. The Preisach approach is particularly useful when microstructural changes are produced by certain thermomagnetic or thermomechanical treatments and one wants to study the corresponding modifications in the hysteresis and loss behavior [2]. In this paper, we apply this approach to the study of amorphous ribbons of nominal composition FehqCoz1B15, under three


Perforalion of the ventricular septum is a rare but serious complication following myocardial infarction. It usually results in progressive intractable congestive heart failure and death; for that reason, it requires aggressive surgical intervention. Since the first report of surgical treatment for this serious complication by Cooley and colleagues, many reports decribed their complications. Here We report a case of postinfarction septal rupture treated by patch repair of the rupture and single coronary bypass graft.


The seasonal and intraseasonal variability of boundary layer cloud in the subtropical eastern oceans are studied using combined data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis. Spectral analysis reveals that most of the time variability of cloud properties occurs on seasonal to annual time scales. The variance decreases one to two orders of magnitude for each decade of time scale decrease, indicating that daily to monthly time scales have smaller, but non-negligible variability. The length of these dominant time scales suggests that the majority of the variability is influenced by the general circulation and its interaction with boundary layer turbulence, rather than a product of boundary layer turbulence alone. Previous datasets have lacked the necessary resolution in either time or in space to properly characterize variability on synoptic scales; this is remedied by using global satellite-retrieved cloud properties. We characterize the intraseasonal subtropical cloud variability in both hemispheres and in different seasons. In addition to cloud fraction, we examine variability of cloud optical thickness - cloud top pressure frequency distributions. Despite the large concentration of research on the variability of Northern Hemisphere (NH) regions during summer, it is noted that the largest amplitude intraseasonal variability in the NH regions occurs during local winter. The effect of intraseasonal variability on the calculation and interpretation of seasonal results is investigated. Decreases in seasonally averaged cloud cover, optical thickness and cloud top pressure from the May-through-September season to the November-through-March season are most apparent in the NH regions. Further analysis indicates that these changes are due to an increase in frequency, but a decrease in the persistence of synoptic events. In addition, changes in cloud top pressure and optical thickness characteristics from the summer to winter seasons indicate that the NH subtropics undergo a change in dynamic regime with season. This change appears in the cloud fields as a shift from the more commonly seen lower-altitude, thicker optical thickness clouds to higher-altitude, thinner clouds. The latter cloud-type is associated with the lower sea level pressure, upward vertical velocity phase of the synoptic wave. Intraseasonal changes in cloud properties in the Southern Hemisphere and NH summer are much smaller in amplitude. Although they also appear to be linked to changes in the large-scale dynamics, similarly to NH winter variations, the relationships are more ambiguous due to the small amplitudes and longer time scales. We attempt to interpret some of these relationships using the results of the Betts and Ridgway (1989) box model. However, these results cannot consistently explain the patterns when results from all regions are considered, implying that this model may not adequately explain all the processes involved in the variability.


Social engagement represents a promising intervention to improve or maintain cognitive function, however the neurobiological mechanism through which social engagement impacts cognitive aging remains unclear. Large‐scale cognitive brain networks facilitate cognitive function and represent a set of likely candidates for being affected by social engagement interventions.


A quantitative assessment of forest humus forms is suggested, on the basis of a scale ranging from 1 (Eumull) to 7 (Dysmoder) which is called the humus index. Regression analyses showed that this index was well-correlated with several morphological as well as chemical variables describing forest floors and topsoil profiles: thickness of the Oe horizon, depth of the crumby mineral horizon, Munsell hue, pH KCl and pH H2O , H and Al exchangeable acidity, percentage base saturation, cation-exchange capacity, exchangeable bases, C and N content and available P of the A horizon. The suggested humus index could be used as a cheap and rapid method for the bulk assessment of organic matter accumulation, soil acidity, and soil biological activity.


The expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is extensively used for tomographic image reconstruction based on positron emission tomography (PET) modality. The EM algorithm gives good reconstructed images compared to those created by deterministic methods such as filtered back projection (FBP) and convolution back projection (CBP). However, the computational complexity of EM-based algorithm is high due to the iterative nature of the algorithm. Prior knowledge of the estimate has been added to the basic EM algorithm to improve image quality as well as to reduce the number of iterations required for an acceptable image quality. We have developed an algorithm which produces better quality images in much lesser number of iterations, thereby speeding up the image reconstruction task.


Yinqu has three prevailing interpretations:depression,defecation and urine,sexual intercourse.Plain Question has a language of practice that men should be corresponded to women.From the woman amenorrhea,it shows Yinqu should be described as a man's behavior.So the explanation of defecation and urine can be denied.As the Plain Question original text was "cant Yinqu",the explanation of depression can be denied by the logic.Philology shows that the character of隐can be interchanged to檃,Yinqu should be written as檃曲,with the meaning of turning the curved into straight.In the context of the Plain Question,turning the curved to straight means to erect the drooping penis.The disease of Yinqu is male sexual dysfunction-impotence.The medical knowledge can support this point of view.


An epidemiological investigation conducted in 25 randomly selected villages of the six districts of central Punjab which reported foot and mouth disease. 100 swab samples from buffaloes and cattle were subjected to CFT and then ELISA which determined that FMD serotype "O" was the most prevalent type of antibodies with 67.11%. This was followed by serotype-A with 50.15% and serotype Asia-1 with 39.31%. Statistically significant differences were detected among districts for prevalence of serotypes of FMD. Highest prevalence of FMD serotypes (A, O, Asia-1) were observed in Okara followed by Faisalabad, Multan, Pakpattan, Sahiwal and Khanewal. The high positivity of larger ruminants against FMD serotypes might be due to infectious process or the outbreak wave that comes every year. The effect of the infectious process led to the high production of antibodies in the cattle and buffaloes in the selected districts of Central Punjab. However the role of weekly and monthly livestock markets held every month in Okara and Sahiwal and livestock movements due to sedentary lifestyle of the people and at the eve of Eid ul Azha needs further investigation. Concurrent infections due to all the three serotypes have been confirmed. This suggests to exploring the use of multi-variant vaccine policy for effective control of FMD in the given situation.


interleukin 8 nap 1 and related chemotactic cytokines. Book lovers, when you need a new book to read, find the book here. Never worry not to find what you need. Is the interleukin 8 nap 1 and related chemotactic cytokines your needed book now? That's true; you are really a good reader. This is a perfect book that comes from great author to share with you. The book offers the best experience and lesson to take, not only take, but also learn.


We theoretically investigate general existence conditions for broadband bulk large-wavevector (high-k) propagating waves (such as volume plasmon polaritons in hyperbolic metamaterials) in subwavelength periodic multilayer structures. Describing the elementary excitation in the unit cell of the structure by a generalized resonance pole of a reflection coefficient, and using Bloch's theorem, we derive analytical expressions for the band of large-wavevector propagating solutions. We apply our formalism to determine the high-k band existence in two important cases: the well-known metal-dielectric, and recently introduced graphene-dielectric stacks. We confirm that short-range surface plasmons in thin metal layers can give rise to hyperbolic metamaterial properties, and demonstrate that long-range surface plasmons cannot. We also show that graphene-dielectric multilayers tend to support high-k waves and explore the range of parameters for which this is possible, confirming the prospects of using graphene for materials with hyperbolic dispersion. The approach is applicable to a large variety of structures, such as continuous or structured microwave, terahertz (THz) and optical metamaterials.


In many practical applications, spatial data are often collected at areal levels (i.e., block data), and the inferences and predictions about the variable at points or blocks different from those at which it has been observed typically depend on integrals of the underlying continuous spatial process. In this paper, we describe a method based on Fourier transforms by which multiple integrals of covariance functions over irregular data regions may be numerically approximated with the same level of accuracy as traditional methods, but at a greatly reduced computational expense.


Heliostats are used for concentrating beam radiation onto a receiver. The flow induced dust deposition on these reflectors will lead to failure of the receiver. For this purpose, the wake behind a heliostat is analyzed at 25° of inclination and at a Reynolds number of 60000. In this paper the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches are used for analyzing the air-flow behind a heliostat. LES and RANS are performed with a wall-resolved grid. For the purpose of validation, the horizontal velocity is measured in a wind-tunnel with a model heliostat using laser Doppler velocimetry technique. RANS and LES approaches are found to qualitatively predict the statistical quantities, like the mean horizontal-velocity in comparison to experiment. RANS under-predicts root-mean-square of the horizontal-velocity and even failed to capture the flow features behind heliostat. Thus, it is concluded that RANS will suffice with well-resolved grid for analyzing mean flow features. For analyzing wake and to understand the induced dust deposition LES is required. Further, the analysis reveals that the wake-affected region is up to three times the length of the heliostat's mirror. This can be recommended as the minimum distance between any two aligned heliostats in Jodhpur.Heliostats are used for concentrating beam radiation onto a receiver. The flow induced dust deposition on these reflectors will lead to failure of the receiver. For this purpose, the wake behind a heliostat is analyzed at 25° of inclination and at a Reynolds number of 60000. In this paper the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches are used for analyzing the air-flow behind a heliostat. LES and RANS are performed with a wall-resolved grid. For the purpose of validation, the horizontal velocity is measured in a wind-tunnel with a model heliostat using laser Doppler velocimetry technique. RANS and LES approaches are found to qualitatively predict the statistical quantities, like the mean horizontal-velocity in comparison to experiment. RANS under-predicts root-mean-square of the horizontal-velocity and even failed to capture the flow features behind heliostat. Thus, it is concluded that RANS will suffice with well-resolved grid for analyzing mean flow features. ...


Here,a translation-torsional coupling dynamics model is extended to include tooth wedging,bearing clearance, time-varying mesh stiffness,gravity excitation and other external excitations,and then it will be used to study the main influence factors of tooth contact and the influence of tooth contact on dynamics behaviors. The simulation results show,tooth wedging has a significant effect on bearing force and tooth force,and is closely related with radial backlashes and bearing clearance,and gravity excitation plays an important part in back-side tooth contact of planetary gear train with a heavy component.


Methods: Patients who received DOACs during admission under a general medical unit over a two-year period were retrospectively studied. Appropriateness of the dosing regimen was verified against the recommendations of the Australian Therapeutic Guidelines. Following index admission, patients were followed for 12 months or for the duration of treatment (if the latter was less than 12 months) for bleeding and thrombotic complications. The relevant data were obtained by review of medical records.


The application relates to a methodology of forming CMOS gates on the secondary axis using double-patterning technique. An integrated circuit containing core transistors and I/O transistors oriented perpendicular to the core transistors is formed by exposing a gate etch mask layer stack through a gate pattern photomask including core transistor gates and oversized I/O transistor gates. Core transistor gate lengths are defined by the gate pattern photomask. A first gate hardmask etch process removes the gate hardmask layer in exposed areas. The process continues with exposing a gate trim mask layer stack through a gate trim photomask. I/O gate lengths are defined by the gate trim photomask. A second gate hardmask etch process removes the gate hardmask layer in exposed areas. A gate etch operation removes polysilicon exposed by the gate hardmask layer to form gates for the core transistors and I/O transistors. The integrated circuit may also include I/O transistors oriented parallel to the core transistors, with gate lengths defined by the gate pattern photomask.


Substrate specificity of three kinds of cellulase preparations (A, N, and Bβ) isolated from the gastric teeth of D. auricularia was investigated on various celluloic substrates. Each preparation had endo-type action, and cellulase Bβ had more random action than cellulases A and N toward CM-cellulose. Kinetic constants (Km value: mg/ml) of the enzymes toward CM-cellulose and H3PO4-swollen cellulose were as follows: cellulase A, 0.3 and 1.0; cellulase N, 1.6 and 3.3; and cellulase Bβ, 5.0 and 4.2; respectively. The modes of action of cellulases A and N on cellooligosaccharides were examined. Cellulase A hydrolyzed G6 into G4+G2 and G3+G3 in a molar ratio of 4:1, and G5 into G4+G1 and G3+G2 in a molar ratio of 1:4. In the case of cellulase N, G6 was cleaved into G4+G2 and G3+G3 in a molar ratio of 8:1, and G5 was hydrolyzed into G4+G1 and G3+G2 in a molar ratio of 1:4. Synergistic action between cellulases A and Bβ in the saccharification activities toward crystalline cellulose was higher than that toward amorphous cellulose.


1 The al-adrenoceptor subtypes of the prostatic and epididymal portion of rat vas deferens were characterized in binding and functional experiments. 2 In saturation experiments, [3H]-prazosin bound to two distinct affinity sites in the epididymal portion of rat vas deferens (PKD = 10.1 0.13 and 9.01 0.15, Bm. = 507 and 1231 fmol mg-' protein, respec- tively). In the prostatic portion [3H]-prazosin bound to a single affinity site (pKD= 9.82 ± 0.04, Bmax = 924 fmol mg' protein). 3 In the displacement unlabelled prazosin displaced biphasically the binding of 200 pM [3H]-prazosin to the epididymal portion; the resulting two pK1 values were consistent with the affinity constants obtained in the saturation experiments. (2-(2,6-dimethoxy-phenoxyethyl)-amino- and benoxathian also discriminated the two affinity sites in the epididymal portion and the population of low affinity sites for the three antagonists was approximately 40%. On the other hand, the prostatic portion predominantly showed a single affinity site for prazosin, WB4101 and benoxathian, although the presence of a small proportion (less than 10%) of the low affinity site could be detected. antagonists mentioned above with similar affinities to those in the absence of nifedipine. CEC (10 gM) had little effect on the adrenergic neurogenic contractions. 7 The present results indicate the presence of two distinct a&-adrenoceptor subtypes in the rat vas deferens, which show respectively high and low affinities for each of prazosin, WB4101 and benoxathian, and presumably correspond to putative MIA and alL subtypes according to the recent am-adrenoceptor subclassifications. The contractions induced by exogenous and endogenous noradrenaline seem to be predominantly mediated through the alL subtype. The heterogeneous distribution of the low affinity sites (alL subtype) may well explain differences in functional responsiveness between the two portions of rat vas deferens.


SummaryA small study was set up to investigate the prevalence of delayed language development in an urban sample of 3 year old children. Verbal comprehension, expressive language, articulation and intelligibility were assessed. Children from immigrant families performed particularly poorly on the assessment scales, and were not included in the subsequent analysis. In the remaining sample of 160 children, no child was found to have a severe developmental language disorder, and only one with a significant specific language delay which was still present at the age of 4 years. The sample was too small for a study of the prevalence of severe developmental language disorder, but some interesting suggestions emerged in relation to the effects of social grade, size of family and attendance at nursery school. Good language performance seemed to be related to a complex of high social grade, small family, and attendance at nursery school.


The degradation of GaAlAs/GaAs laser diode bars mounted on copper micro channel heat sinks was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EDX- spectroscopy. The high power diode lasers were characterized before and after burn-in and after long term lifetests. Changes in surface morphology and surface composition of the facets were detected as well as changes in threshold current, slope efficiency and wavelength. Due to the degradation threshold current increases and slope efficiency decreases while the wavelengths were shifted to higher values showing a broader spectral width. The influence of these changes on performance and lifetime of the high power diode lasers will be discussed.


| Illicit drug use costs Australia billions of dollars every year in lost productivity and healthcare and crime costs. This paper examines the demographics of methamphetamine users and their employment, education and health outcomes using data from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey, the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia program, the Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services data collection and the National Prisoner Health Data Collection. Across all data sources, methamphetamine users reported worse employment, education, housing and health outcomes than those who used other illicit drugs and those who did not use drugs. In the general population, this effect was more pronounced for crystal methamphetamine users than for users of other forms of methamphetamines. Australian methamphetamine user outcomes Susan Goldsmid, Ingrid Johnston, Madeleine Kapira, Cathy Claydon, Mark Petricevic and Karen Webber The overall costs of serious and organised crime related illicit drug activity were estimated to be around $4.4b in 2013–14 (ACC 2015). This cost estimate takes into account health impacts of illicit drug use, money lost to the economy through international payments for illicit drug importation and lost output of drug users. Approximately 3.2 percent of the general population, or about one in 30 people aged over 14, reported recent illicit use of methamphetamines in the most recent published findings from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (AIHW 2005). Since that time, there has been an increase in the use of crystal as the preferred form of the drug. Between 2007 and 2013, the proportion of methamphetamine users who most often used crystal methamphetamine increased from just over a quarter (27%) to half (50%; AIHW 2014). The total number of methamphetamine users has also risen in recent years, at least within particular sections of the population. From 2013 to 2014, according to the Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS), the number of injecting drug users who used methamphetamine rose six percentage points (55% in 2013 cf 61% in 2014; Stafford & Burns 2015). Statistical bulletin 03 Australian Institute of Criminology 2 There was an 11 percentage point increase in methamphetamine use by Australian police detainees, from 23 percent in 2011–12 to 34 percent in 2013–14 (Coghlan, Gannoni, Goldsmid, Patterson & Willis 2015), and a 13 percentage point increase in methamphetamine use by prison entrants, from 37 percent in 2012 to 50 percent in 2015 (AIHW 2015a). As the number of methamphetamine users, and crystal users in particular, increases, it can be expected that the impact of methamphetamine use on Australia will also rise. Impact on the criminal justice system Police detainees interviewed for the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA) program were asked whether particular drugs had contributed to the offences for which they were detained. Using these data, 33 percent of crime could be attributed to methamphetamine use (Payne & Gaffney 2012); that is, of those police detainees who reported using methamphetamines in the 30 days prior to interview, one in three indicated methamphetamine use had contributed to the offences for which they were being detained by police. Of all police detainees interviewed, 6.2 percent attributed their offending to methamphetamines, regardless of whether they had used them in the previous month. Given that methamphetamine use in the Australian police detainee population has risen since 2012, it is important to examine whether more police detainees now attribute their offending to these drugs. Impact on the healthcare system The impact of methamphetamine use on the healthcare system is significant and includes ambulance costs, emergency department presentations, hospital admissions, mental health treatment and treatment and counselling for drug use. Between 2011–12 and 2012–13, ambulance attendance for incidents related to crystal methamphetamine use increased by 88 percent in metropolitan Melbourne and by almost 200 percent in regional Victoria (Lloyd, Matthews & Gao 2014). At the same time there was a significant increase in the proportion of cases co-attended by police (in both metropolitan and regional areas), and in cases where the patient was transported to hospital (in metropolitan regions). This suggests that ambulance attendance for methamphetamine use is becoming more resource-intensive, involving multiple frontline emergency services and hospital emergency departments. Hospital separations for amphetamine-related conditions have increased steadily since the 1990s and according to the most recently available data were at their highest in 2011–12, after a steep increase over the previous three years (Roxburgh & Burns 2013). Fatal overdoses in Victoria involving methamphetamines increased by 250 percent between 2010 and 2013 (Westmore et al. 2014). This study The Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) collaborated to examine selected demographic characteristics and outcomes including education, employment, housing and the health of methamphetamine users in both the general population and the criminal justice system. The aim was to determine whether methamphetamine users, compared with other drug users and non-users, experienced worse outcomes and whether these outcomes were observed across different methamphetamine user groups. Data from four distinct datasets were examined: the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS), the DUMA, the Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment National Minimum Data Set (AODTS NMDS) and the National Prisoner Health Data Collection (NPHDC). Statistical bulletin 03 Australian Institute of Criminology 3 Description of data sources General population: NDSHS The NDSHS collects information about tobacco, alcohol and other drug use among the general population. The survey began in 1985, and has been conducted every three years since 1995. The most recent survey was conducted in 2013 using a self-complete, drop-and-collect questionnaire. The 2013 NDSHS surveyed the Australian residential population aged 12 years or older. Households were selected using a multistage, stratified area random sample design. The sample was based on private dwelling households, so some people (such as homeless and institutionalised people) were not included in the survey. This is consistent with the approach taken in previous years. In 2013, 48,879 in-scope households were contacted and a total sample of 23,855 questionnaires categorised as complete and useable—a 49 percent response rate. All data were weighted for probability of selection, which takes into account dwelling location, household size and the age and sex of the respondent. For this report, those respondents who answered 'yes' to the question 'Have you used meth/ amphetamine for non-medical purposes in the last 12 months?' were classed as recent methamphetamine users. The survey listed the following examples of methamphetamine: speed, ice, crystal, whizz, Ritalin, and pseudoephedrine-based cold and flu tablets taken for non-medical purposes. Police detainees: DUMA Established in 1999, the DUMA program collects criminal justice and drug use information from police detainees at police stations or watch houses in Perth, Adelaide, Brisbane, and in Sydney at Kings Cross and Bankstown every quarter. Demographic, alcohol and other drug use, and criminal offending data is collected via an interviewer assisted self-report survey. Urine samples are also collected biannually as an objective measure of licit and illicit drug use. All police detainees present at the police station or watch house during data collection are eligible to participate, except if they: ● have been in custody for more than 96 hours; ● have been in a custodial setting within 48 hours prior to arrest; ● are highly intoxicated; ● are potentially violent; ● are mentally unfit; or ● require the assistance of an interpreter. Data used in this report come from 2,232 adult detainees and were collected during the third and fourth quarters of 2014 and the first and second quarters of 2015. Police detainees who answered 'yes' to the question 'Have you used methamphetamine/speed/ice during the last 12 months?' were classed as recent methamphetamine users for this report. Statistical bulletin 03 Australian Institute of Criminology 4 Diverted to treatment: AODTS NMDS The AODTS NMDS is a dataset administered by the AIHW that holds information on the treatment provided by publicly-funded alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment agencies in Australia. Treatment is available to those seeking help for their own drug use or for someone else's drug use. People may be referred for treatment in a number of different ways, including self-referral, referral from other health agencies, and referral from a police or court diversion program. These diversion programs typically involve delaying the outcome of a criminal justice matter (such as charges) to allow the person to undergo treatment for alcohol or other drug use. The police or court outcome may then depend upon successful completion of the treatment program. Annual data are available from 2003–04 onwards. People receive treatment for alcohol and other drug-related issues in a variety of other settings that are not in scope for the AODTS NMDS. These include services provided by not-for-profit organisations and private treatment agencies that do not receive public funding; hospitals; prisons, correctional facilities and detention centres; primary healthcare services; accommodation services; and those services which solely prescribe or provide opioid pharmacotherapy (these data are captured in the AIHW's National Opioid Pharmacotherapy Statistics annual data collection). In addition, agencies that provide substance-use services exclusively to Indigenous Australians are not included and their data are instead provided to the Online Services Report collect


The purpose of this study is to measure the comparative success rate methods of signature-based anomaly based on enterprise computer network attack detected. The application of information technology in many fields often cause the occurrence of attacks and threats that lead to data loss, the crippled system, and destruction of the system. To address these threats required the presence of early detection against any threats that occur at the enterprise computer network system. Early detection function to minimize and prevent the loss of the more extensive system. Methods used in the detection of the threat that is signature based and anomaly-based method. Both methods are used for detection of any threats to the network system, then that method will be between the two measured how many threats can be detected by both methods, and measure the level of success detection. The results obtained in this study, Method of Anomaly Based successfully detect 89.66% attack, while the method Signature based successfully detected 91.87% attack. If the results of the great early attack detection, then the security level of the network are also great and can reduce the risk posed by a threat.


The kernel embedding of distributions is a popular machine learning technique to manipulate probability distributions and is an integral part of numerous applications. Its empirical counterpart is an estimate from a finite set of samples from the distribution under consideration. However, for large-scale learning problems the empirical kernel embedding becomes infeasible to compute and approximate, constant time solutions are necessary. One can use a random subset of smaller size as a proxy for the exhaustive set of samples to calculate the empirical kernel embedding which is known as sampling without replacement. In this work we generalize the results of Serfling (1974) to quantify the difference between the full empirical kernel embedding and the one estimated from random subsets. Furthermore, we derive probability inequalities for Banach space valued martingales in the setting of sampling without replacement.


This case shows an unusual presentation of a pelvic cyst in early pregnancy due to a uterine fibroid which had undergone degeneration. However, prior to surgery and histological examination, the cause for the cystic mass was unclear and caused discussion about the differential diagnoses, which included an ovarian tumour (Yarwood and Arroyo 1999) or endometrioma (Reddy et al. 2003). Initially, from the appearance on ultrasound, this was thought to be of ovarian origin due to its predominantly cystic nature and unilocularity. However, due to its unusual thick wall, further imaging was arranged and it was seen to arise from the uterus. This allowed appropriate discussion with the patient as to further management. It is well known that degenerative changes of fibroids create a diagnostic challenge, as their appearance can be variable. A similar case of a degenerating cystic fibroid during pregnancy was reported in the literature in 2006 (Fogata and Jain 2006). In this instance, the cyst was also thought to have been of ovarian origin on initial ultrasound scan but MRI was able to show continuity of the cyst wall with myometrium. The patient's concurrent pregnancy and thromboembolism in the preoperative period are also important areas for consideration of management and timing of intervention in this case. The importance of the multidisciplinary team in reviewing clinical results and images cannot be overemphasised. In this instance, a much valued meeting of specialists in the areas of gynaecological oncology, nurse specialists, radiology and pathology led to a full investigation, carefully planned surgery and detailed discussion with the patient.


A remarkable result has emerged from the first several years of data taking at RHIC--the high temperature and density phase of QCD matter created in heavy ion collisions at RHIC is best described as a near perfect fluid--the strongly interacting Quark-Gluon-Plasma (sQGP). This state is characterized by a small viscosity to entropy ratio, and a high density of color charges which induces huge energy losses of partons transversing the medium. The task for the future is to understand the characteristics of the sQGP, and perhaps more importantly--to gain some insight into how and why such a medium is created. The PHENIX detector has been one of the primary experimental tools at RHIC; in particular the electromagnetic calorimeter has been a critical component of many of the measurements leading to this discovery. The coverage of the present PHENIX electromagnetic calorimeter is rather limited, covering half the azimuth and -0.35< {eta} <0.35 Further progress requires larger coverage of electromagnetic calorimetry, both to increase the rate for low cross section phenomena, and to cover a broader range of pseudorapidity to study the rapidity dependence of the medium. A pair of Nosecone Calorimeters (NCC) has been designed covering both positive and negative rapidity regionsmore » 1< |{eta}| <3 of the PHENIX detector. The NCC will make it possible to perform tomographic studies of the jet energy dependence of energy loss and medium response, by using direct photons as trigger particles over a large rapidity range. The technique of correlating trigger hadrons with low momentum hadrons has been powerfully exploited at RHIC to study the evolution of back to back jets [1, 2] and hence the response of the medium. The NCC will make it possible to do such studies using direct photons as the trigger particles. The direct photon in such ''photon-jet'' events tags the transverse momentum of outgoing parton which then fragments into lower energy particles. Together with the Forward Silicon Vertex detector (FVTX), the NCC will make PHENIX a large acceptance spectrometer, capable of detecting photons, electrons, muons, and hadrons. Our prime motivation is to provide precision measurements of direct photons, {pi}{sup 0}s and dielectrons in A+A, p(d)+A, and polarized p+p collisions. The upgrade will provide access to physics observables that are not currently accessible to PHENIX or that are now available only indirectly with very limited accuracy.« less


The engine oil market is faced with complex chemical reactions and difficult chemical engineering involved in the formulation of synthetic based engine oils, and therefore, the need to source for alternative base oils for engine oil formulation from vegetable oils has become urgent and inevitable. This research is aimed at formulation of lubricant using calabash seed oil (CSO). An experiment designed (Mixture Design Method using Minitab 17) was used to obtain the blend of CSO (28.75%), SN 500 (68.75%), and additive (2.50%) with improved physicochemical parameters. The lubricant obtained had kinematic viscosities 9.30±2.11 cSt (at 100°C) and 53.11±1.03 cSt (at 40°C), a viscosity index of 167±0.51, flash point of 240±2.01°C, and pour point of -28±1.31°C. The lubricant obtained in this research had quality parameters that are comparable to those of synthesised environmentally acceptable engine oils, and are within the standard for engine oils.


Aminyl radicals, HN•−CR2−CO2- (R = H, CH3) have been identified as significant transients in the hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation of the anions of glycine (Gly-), alanine (Ala-), and α-methylalanine (MeAla-) at relative yields of 37%, 43%, and 56%, respectively. Quantification has been achieved by two independent pulse radiolysis methods. Direct titration of the aminyl radicals made use of their capability to oxidize hydroquinone to the easily detectable semiquinone radical. The rate constant for this reaction involving the aminyl radical from alanine is 1.1 × 108 M-1 s-1 (at pH 11.0). An alternative method relied on the titration with methyl viologen and 4-carboxybenzophenone of the reducing radicals, which are formed as the result of secondary reactions of the aminyl radicals. In fact, several processes may occur and compete with each other in this case:  (i) In the presence of proton donors the aminyl radicals can effectively be converted into H2N•+−CR2−CO2- radical zwitterions (even in basic solutio...


This article adopts the two concepts of demographic dividend and human resources bonus,measures how human resources bonus pushes economic development.Based on the sixth census,China gain large scale of human resources bonus,which not only counterbalances the negative effect of increased demographic dividend,but also maintains the sustainable growth of human resources.This will support the whole economic growth in China,and provide the foundation of human resources for China to become an economically powerful nation in the future two decades.The article argues that the most effective public investments in China include education,public health,job and training.These investments will bring a variety of human resources bonus.


Due to the highly dynamic topology and complicated network scenario,stability is a key factor in ad hoc routing protocol efficiency.In this paper,the gray theory is applied to topology state prediction in mobile wireless ad hoc network in order to improve the proactive ability of reactive routing protocol such as DSR.In the developed routing protocol,a number of factors are taken into account to avoid turbulence of routing information in network,minimize unnecessary routing overhead,rapidly find disabled links and improve stability of routing information.Simulation results show that the stable routing protocol S-DSR based on the gray prediction theory is considerably more stable and efficient than that of the original one.