Spelunker's Trail is a set of design specifications of a software tool. This tool demonstrates a student's usage pattern a multi-media "hypercourse," such as the Physics Interactive Video Tutor (PIVoT). It addresses both aggregated, overall usage for groups, as well as low-level, individual usage by specific students. It displays their activity within the web-based learning environment, using time-series and scatter plots. The tool also links usage data to student profiles in order to reveal possible correlation between the various elements of student behavior. The real identities of the students in the database are hidden, so to prevent artificial incentives for the students to use (or avoid using) the hypercourse as a mean of directly affecting their grade. Thesis Supervisor: Richard C. Larson Title: Director, MIT Center for Advanced Educational Services


Until the end of 1989, all the regions along the frontiers of Bulgaria were kept under strict control due to political reasons. Inward, these areas included a land of approximately 3 km in width. Undoubtedly, the most positive effect of that situation was an almost perfect preservation of the local biodiversity. On the contrary, under the force of circumstances of that time the access for scientists to carry out their studies in this area was very arduous or even impossible. Subsequently, after the social and economic changes in 1989, the frontier areas became step-by-step accessible for scientists. Depending on the position of different sectors the older border regimen occurred until 1993-1997 and afterward practically disappeared. Therefore, Maleshevska Planina was selected for research in respect to the very little or in fact unColeoptera and Hymenoptera (Insecta) from Bulgarian Section of Maleshevska Planina Mountain: Study of an Until Recently Unknown Biodiversity


It was found that the mixing of aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide and aluminum pentahydroxochloride leads to the formation of polycomplexes. Polycomplexes can also be produced through the free-radical polymerization of acrylamide carried out in the presence of aluminum pentahydroxochloride. The kinetics of polymerization was studied and interpreted under the assumption that the process follows the matrix mechanism.


Injury to urethra with heemorrbage into pelvic tissues and extravasation of urine from cystoscopy. Interstitial emphysema of lungs. 174/24.-Male, aged fortY'lthree. Double tuberculous pyonephrosis. Tuberculosis of prostate. Ursemia (surgical type). Slight bronchopneumonia. 20/22.-Male (elderly). Small tuberculous glands in mesentery. Tuberculous pyonephrosis. Caseous areas in prostate, epididymis. 33/28.-Male, aged seventy-eight. Tuberculosis of left kidney and suprarenal. Secondary tuberculous peritonitis with ascites. 190/21.-Male, aged thirty-nine. Tuberculous meningitis. Racemose tuberculosis of lungs. Tuberculosis of prostate, glands in pelvis, retroperitoneum and mediastinum, and hilum of right kidney. 171/26, male, aged thirty. Hypertrophied and dilated heart, probably from essential hyperpiesis. Thromboses in left subclavian and (small) apex of left ventricle. Infarcts in lungs. Chronic venous congestion of liver, spleen. Tuberculosis of kidneys (early in one). Tuberculosis of vestculee. Healed tuberculosis of hip. Inspissated cold abscess (?) from neck. Healed duodenal ulcers. Chronic ulcer (? tuberculous) of ascending colon. Infective ulcers of penis. 208/28.-Male, aged thirty-nine. Pulmonary tuberculosis with some cavitation and a good deal of fibrosis. Tuberculous laryngitis. Slight tuberculous ulceration of intestine. Caseated tuberculosis of left kidney and in' epididymis on each side. Large caseated mass in prostate and vesicula; seminales. Four tuberculous ulcers of bladder. (Wassermann negative.) 66/29.-Male, aged twenty-four. Extensive tuberculosis of oesicuto: seminales with thick green pus. Secondary spread to both kidneys (? ascending) with miliary tubercles and caseous streaks (as in abscesses of surgical kidney). Intense miliary tuberculosis of lungs. Caseous tuberculosis of left bronchial glands. Tuberculous meningitis. 80/26.-Male, aged sixteen. General peritonitis, secondary to tuberculous pyonephrosis. Pale kidneys. Tuberculous foci in lung. 41/27.-Male, aged twenty. Peritoneal tuberculosis (nodules). Extensive racemose pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous ulcers of intestine. Recent adhesive-heemorrhagic tuberculous (?) pericarditis. Tuberculous (?) foci in kidney. Purulent vesicula: seminales. 219/27.-Male, aged twenty-two. Caseous tuberculous focus in right kidney. Tuberculous meningitis. Small tuberculous (?) ulcer in ileum. Some tubercles in lungs. Red hepatization in one lung. Synechia pericardii. (Wassermann negative.) 131/28.-Female, aged fifty-eight. Tuberculous caries of a lumbar vertebra with abscess, latter infected from colon, between spleen and left kidney. Tuberculous left kidney with secondary infection. Adhesions between rectum and uterus, with an abscess cavity and hypertrophy of rectal wall above. Mucopyometra. Small ulcers of ileum. Old tuberculous foci in lungs. Irregular fine cirrhosis of liver. 176/28.-Female, aged sixty. Lobar pneumonia in both lungs; in one grey hepatization, probably passing into diffuse purulent infiltration, pleurisy and pericarditis. Purulent otitis media. Old tuberculous lesion in one kidney. Thyreoid small. Of the 14 cases, 12 occurred in males; the ages varied from thirteen to seventy-eight. A number of the patients were under thirty. In six of the 14 cases there were tuberculous lesions in the prostate or vesiculm seminales. In two cases the tuberculous lesion had spread to the peritoneal cavity and given rise to tuberculous peritonitis; and in another instance an ordinary purulent peritonitis had developed as a secondary condition. In examining the tabulated results of all tuberculous cases it is seen that tuberculosis of the prostate may occur alone, or associated with tuberculosis of the kidney or of the epididymis or of both. Dr. Collier suggests that renal tuberculosis is always secondary to a lesion elsewhere, He says that the real primary focus is in the lungs, mesenteric glands or bone, and is usually old, quiescent, and hard to find. In looking through the above list of fourteen examples of renal tuberculosis, it will be seen that one, an old lesion in a woman of sixty (Number 176/28), the tuberculous lesion was old and there was none elsewhere. In only two cases (Numbers 41/27 and 208/28) was the condition associated with ordinary extensive pulmonary tuberculosts, though miliary tuberculosis was present in several as a late extension. It will be seen that in thirteen out of the fourteen cases tuberculous lesions occurred elsewhere as well as in the kidney, and these other lesions were often of old standing. At first sight this might seem to support almost absolutely Dr. Collier's statement that the real primary focus is elsewhere than in the kidney. I do not think, however, that this is necessarily the case. The other lesions may be just as likely to be secondary to the kidney lesion as vice versa. We must remember that under ordinary circumstances tubercle bacilli gain entrance through the oral cavity, the respiratory tree, or the intestinal mucosa through being engulfed by phagocytic cells which carry the bacilli through the mucous membrane into the lymphatic spaces. Very rarely is a primary tuberculous lesion seen on the mucosal surface itself. What happens after the bacilli have entered the lymphatics depends upon whether the ingesting cell only travels a short distance before it is overcome by the tubercle bacilli that it is carrying, or whether by good fortune it is able to travel far afield, reach the thoracic duct and enter the blood stream. If the bacillus-laden cell is held up early, as may be the case if it is quickly rendered sick by its multiplying burden of living organisms, it will be arrested in the lymphatic glands draining the area of entrance--the glands in the neck, for instance, or in the mesentery. If it enters the blood stream, it may come to rest in almost any organ or tissue, amongst these being the kidney, epididymis, bone, brain et cetera. If several cells containing tubercle bacilli escape into the circulation about the same time from the same source of infection, they may get stowed away eventually in different parts, and we may have several separate primary lesions all of about the same age. On the other hand, once a tuberculous focus has been established, it is quite likely that cells containing tubercle bacilli may escape from the lesion, finally enter the blood stream, and so give rise to secondary foci. This method of spread, by being ingested by cells, is quite different from the erosion of a tuberculous focus into a blood vessel and the miliary seeding that follows.


We present the first relativistic calculations of the final phase of inspiral of a binary system consisting of two stars built predominantely of strange quark matter (strange quark stars). We study the precoalescing stage within the Isenberg-Wilson-Mathews approximation of general relativity using a multidomain spectral method. A hydrodynamical treatment is performed under the assumption that the flow is either rigidly rotating or irrotational, taking into account the finite density at the stellar surface --- a distinctive feature with respect to the neutron star case. The gravitational-radiation driven evolution of the binary system is approximated by a sequence of quasi-equilibrium configurations at fixed baryon number and decreasing separation. We find that the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) is given by an orbital instability both for synchronized and irrotational systems. This constrasts with neutron stars for which the ISCO is given by the mass-shedding limit in the irrotational case. The gravitational wave frequency at the ISCO, which marks the end of the inspiral phase, is found to be 1400 Hz for two irrotational 1.35 Msol strange stars and for the MIT bag model of strange matter with massless quarks and a bag constant B=60 MeV/fm^3. Detailed comparisons with binary neutrons star models, as well as with third order Post-Newtonian point-mass binaries are given.


Recommendation systems based on convolutional neural network (CNN) have attracted great attention due to their effectiveness in processing unstructured data such as images or audio. However, a huge amount of raw data produced by data crawling and digital transformation is structured, which makes it difficult to utilize the advantages of CNN. This paper introduces a novel autoencoder, named Half Convolutional Autoencoder, which adopts convolutional layers to discover the high-order correlation between structured features in the form of Tag Genome, the side information associated with each movie in the MovieLens 20 M dataset, in order to generate a robust feature vector. Subsequently, these new movie representations, along with the introduction of users' characteristics generated via Tag Genome and their past transactions, are applied into well-known matrix factorization models to resolve the initialization problem and enhance the predicting results. This method not only outperforms traditional matrix factorization techniques by at least 5.35% in terms of accuracy but also stabilizes the training process and guarantees faster convergence.


With the gradually improving requirements in the spirit of people's daily life,modern design faces greater challenges。 How to think creatively in design for designer has become a subject that's worth studying。 This paper,starting from the concept of unconsciousness and consciousness,analyzes the forms of the conscious and unconscious in existing design thinking mode,and rebuilds the logical process of design thinking,In other words,it integrates the consciousness thinking style with the unconsciousness in order to guide the designer's practical design and create higher design value.


This dissertation has build up finite element model of dynamic detection of the anchor bolt, meanwhile made numerical simulation of flaws in anchor bars and gained the numerical solution of displacement field. The discussion on the solution in time domain and frequency domain has shown that the flaws in the anchor bar will lead to a series of changes of detecting curves. It is useful to identify the detecting curves on a site test for reference.


The book entitled "Emerging Markets, Financing of SMEs, and Economic Growth: The Case of Lebanon", by Viviane Y. Naimy is the first treaty in Lebanon analyzing the Lebanese economy in a scientific matter, far from purely descriptive analysis.


The F2 population was developed by crossing the adaptive yield variety of soybean with a variety without the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor in the mature grain. From the segregating F2 population 48 plants were taken. Their seeds were used to set up field experiment; part of the seed was saved for full-sib (FS) crosses. After yield testing, three lines marked as L6, L30 and L38 were chosen. Two FS cross combination, using saved seeds, were made (L30 x L38 and L6 x L30). Progenies of soybean full-sibs (FSF1:2) and each mother plant (F3:4) were grown, to make enough seed for testing in the field experiment. Data obtained in this experiment were processed to determine correlations of grain yield and other studied traits between mother's and proper full-sib progenies, using simple correlations and Spearman's rank correlations. A significant correlation into examinated traits between two types of progenies does not found, except for stem height and 1000 grain weight in the FS combination L30 x L38. The lack of correlation of plant characteristics between progenies of full-sibs and their mothers indicated the influence of lines used as fathers component. In both combinations of FS crosses, FSF1:2 progenies with better yield than the adapted parent (one without Kunitz trypsin inhibitor) were identified, which are considered promising for the further process of creating new varieties.


This paper investigates the stability of the German money supply focusing on the period 1991 - 1998. It is shown that the standard ARIMA-Transfer model approach in the literature needs to be augmented by a cointegration term to adequately model the dynamics of money supply in Germany. Additional analysis with regard to the influence of financial innovations on the control of money supply yields evidence that the influence of financial innovations on the multiplier has increased steadily during the observation period.


Hartman Outdoor Products B.V. is an international company founded in the Netherlands that operates in
the outdoor furniture market.
Due to the successful business approach on the one hand and the increasing competition in its primary
markets on the other hand Hartman had the desire to expand and go abroad to look for new business
opportunities. This desire is followed by a feasibility study – executed in June 2008 – in order to find the
most promising export markets for outdoor furniture. As a result of this study, Hartman sees structural
growth opportunities in the following markets: Russia, Sweden, Spain and Dubai (UAE) (Aykaz and Olthof
2008).
However, Hartman experienced that the current market entry strategies, which are being used in those
four markets, show insufficient growth opportunities for the future.
As a consequence, the main purpose of this thesis is to compare Hartman's currently used market entry
modes against alternative entry modes in terms of feasibility; in order to find the most profitable market
entry mode for Hartman in the four target markets and make the final decision concerning whether or not
to change the current market entry modes: agent/distributor vs. foreign subsidiary.
As a result of this, the following central question is being answered in this thesis:
To what extent is it feasible for Hartman to enter the markets of Sweden, Spain, Russia and Dubai (UAE) by
setting up a sales organization in combination with a showroom?
Based on this study the following recommendations are made for Hartman:
From the assessment of the internal conditions it can be concluded that it is not necessary for Hartman to
vertically integrate by setting up a foreign sales organization, in order to have success in the foreign
markets. Success can also be achieved through a less integrated form of export, by using agents and/or
distributors.
The external conditions as well as the profit conditions are assessed for each country separately


Electric spark pulses are used between vibrating bar connecting to ultrasonic energy transducer and wire-drawing die. The polisher comprises electric spark pulses generating circuit modulated by ultrasonic signals, the unit and circuit for electromagnetically regulating gap pressure between vibrating bar and wire-drawing die, and convenient and reliable electric supply device. It can process the wire-drawing die made of polycrystalline diamond or other superhard materials.


Purpose of the study: This study examines the role of social capital in enhancing community economy as reflected in the case of pasentran MBS Sleman, Prambhanan, Yogyakarta. Specifically, it reports the preliminary data collected during fieldwork conducted at Pasentran MBS Sleman, Prambhanan, Yogyakartaon July 26, 2018. Subsequently, it focuses on the potential and relevance of social capital in the sustainable development agenda at the community level as reflected in the case of MBS Sleman.
Methods: This study utilizes a qualitative research design using the case study and in-depth interviews with pasentran's top management, observation, and document research. By adopting a case study method and an interpretative approach to data analysis this study explores the underpinning determinants of successful local level development from socio-economic sustainability perspectives.
Findings: Researchers found that MBS Sleman has been on the right track in implementing the agenda of sustainable development particularly from the socio-economic sustainability framework. This research also identifies several socio-economic sustainability practices and critical success factors to accelerate the achievement of self-sufficiency economy and sustainable communities at the local level.
Novelty: This study recommends a more integral and comprehensive model and framework for local-level development particularly for MBS Sleman. It may also trigger a review of specific strategies and initiatives related to developing and empowering the local community on how they can anticipate, participate and act constructively in the sustainability agenda.


iii Dedications To my dear parents, who always encourage me to reach high; To my wonderful husband, Hanhui, who always backs me up without a word; To my sweet boys, Tian and Hai, who are my real motivations to move forward. iv Acknowledgements Seven years ago, when I first knocked on his office door, my thesis advisor, Dr. William Theurkauf, welcomed me with his profound scientific insight and bright personality. I was fortunate to join his lab and involved in this exciting project. I truly enjoyed my graduate study. With all sorts of great ideas and discussions, Bill kept on inspiring me and encouraging me to pursue something new. He taught me not to afraid of challenges and conquers myself. Sometimes when I felt stuck, his optimism kept my spirit up. With all sorts of collaborations drawn in by his open mind and wide connections, we were able to moving beyond our abilities. Whenever there was a little progress, his great appreciation made me feel fulfilled. As a daughter, a wife and a mother, I sometimes struggled between the balance of my family life and my professional career. Bill always very understood and his support really empowered me to overcome all the difficulties and finally finished my Ph.D. I wish I could carry all the great things he has taught me through all these years and pass it on to my new career and new life ahead. committee. Their continuous scientific input and encouragement guided me through each little step of my graduate study. Second, I would like to thank all the great people I worked with in Theurkauf lab. Beatrice Benoit was the first postdoc I worked with. She taught me the fly genetics from the very beginning by holding my hand. And Nadine Schultz was like a live dictionary of fly genetics and she magically solved almost all my fly issues. She was also a faithful v listener of all my happiness and worries and never hesitated to offer help. Birgit Koppetsch, with her specialties of confocal microscopy and image analysis, her valuable contribution to this project is indispensable. I am thankful to my fellow graduate student, Zhao Zhang, for preparing small RNA library and all the technical support of RNA-Seq library preparation. And I deeply appreciate Travis Thomson for comments and helping revise my thesis. It was a great pleasure to collaborate with Dr. Zhiping Weng and …


Post Brexit, the UK will need to negotiate a series of Free Trade Agreements --- more appropriately called Preferential Trade Agreements. The paper outlines the complexities of negotiating such agreements, sector by sector, based on Australian experience with "FTAs". The dangers are illustrated by British experience of discrimination by European nations during the 19th Century. The complexities are illustrated by the need for detailed rules of origin, the impact of global supply chains and by the scope of contemporary FTAs, which extend to matters, referred in the Brexit negotiations as single market type issues, including regulatory convergence, competition policy, intellectual property, standards, professional and educational recognition. An FTA between the UK and Australia will not be difficult, subject to whatever discretion the UK retains on agricultural imports after the concessions it will have to make to the European Union in this respect. The paper discusses the future role of the European Court of Justice post Brexit. It sets out the centralising, centripetal approach that the European judiciary is likely to adopt in the future.


With the increasing use of Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled drones for various purposes, including photography, delivery, and surveillance, concerns related to privacy and security have arisen. Drones have the potential to capture sensitive information, invade privacy, and cause security breaches. Therefore, the need for advanced technology for the automated detection of drones has become crucial. In this paper, we propose an ensemble-based IoT-enabled drones detection scheme (in short, EDDSBS). The presented model is part of a computer vision-based module and uses transfer learning for improved performance. Transfer learning allows the reuse of pre-trained models and their knowledge in a different but related domain, enabling better performance with less training data. To evaluate the performance of the proposed EDDSBS, we test it on benchmark datasets, including the Drone–vs–Bird Dataset and the UAVDT dataset. The proposed EDDSBS outperforms the existing schemes of drone detection (i.e., in terms of accuracy). The results of the presented scheme demonstrate the potential of deep learning-based technology for automated drone detection in critical areas, such as airports, military bases, and other high-security areas. Thus the paper introduces a comprehensive process methodology for drone detection that can be applied in real-world settings for a sustainable and secure environment, which is required for a safe community.


Algorithmic composition is a very popular research field today. Bach's "two voice part invention" is the research object in this paper. The grammar and compositional rules of "invention" are introduced first. Then two soft computational methods,genetic algorithms and back propagation (BP) neural network technology,are combined to the experiment on assisting in composing "two voice part inventions". The system presented in this paper is quite effective and satisfactory.


BACKGROUND
Children are minors in health decision- making and discharges against medical advice (DAMA) may portend adverse health, social and psychological consequences . This study was aimed at ascertaining the prevalence rate and the determining clinical, sociodemographic factors as well as caregivers' perceptions associated with paediatric DAMA with the view of proferring possible control measures.

DESIGN
Pre-tested administered questionnaires were used to collect relevant data prospectively (March 2000- March 2002) from consecutive patients undertaking DAMA.

RESULTS
Prevalence rate of DAMA was 1.2%, comprising 202 of 16,440 discharges, of which 95 (47.0%) were neonates. Neonatal jaundice, gross congenital anomalies and severe birth asphyxia among neonates, and bronchopneumonia, gastroenteritis, malaria and malignancies among infant and older children,were the commonest diagnoses. Twenty (9.9%) cases were critically ill and 53(26.2%) were partially improved at discharge. Perceived improvement of illness, preference for outpatient care, financial constraints, high cost of hospital services, dissatisfaction and disagreements with care, were the commonest reasons for DAMA.

CONCLUSION
DAMA is of multifactorial aetiology, involving clinically heterogeneous patients who may be critically ill or partially recovered. Socioeconomic, quality and cost of health care are implicated. This study recommends some control measures.


Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs) is a class of wireless networks that have been researched extensively over the recent years. The security challenges arise due to MANET's self-configuration and self-maintenance capabilities. In comparison to wired network the mobile ad hoc network is more exposed to being attacked. Because of its fundamental Properties, such as dynamic topology, limited power and limited bandwidth, it is very hard to achieve absolute security in the mobile ad hoc network. This paper presents a thorough overview of security issues in Mobile Ad hoc Network.


Anaerobic acid formation from sucrose by S. mutans NCTC 10449, Lactobacillus casei LSB No. 132 and A. viscosus Ny 1 No. 30 was inhibited by ace


The impact of sustainable building features on fire safety can be positive, neutral, or negative. An expert group ranked double skin facades (DSF) as being high risk due to a lack of knowledge of strategies to prevent fire and smoke spread through a DSF. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of prototype buildings with a 0.5 and 1.0‐m‐wide DSF has been carried out. External and internal vents to the DSF have varied in size and location, as well as the fire location, whether the building is fitted with sprinklers and other variables. The sensitivity of the model to grid resolution was checked using the 2 extremes of ventilation. Provided the vents to the DSF close in a fire, and flashover does not occur in rooms adjoining the DSF, or sprinklers are installed, smoke spread to higher floors via the DSF is limited. If a building is designed so the vents to the exterior from the DSF are greater in effective area than those from the interior to the DSF smoke flow will be predominantly to the outside of the building, and fire engineering design is likely to show that occupants will have time to escape.


The term 'narrative' is often used in qualitative research, but is seldom explicitly defined (Lieblich, Tuval-Maschiach & Zilber, 1998). The Webster's Dictionary defines narrative as a "discourse...designed to represent a connected series of happenings" (1966, p. 1503). Lieblich et al. (1998) thus define 'narrative research' as any study that aims to analyse narratives in whatever form they may occur, for example, interviews or field notes. They note that narrative research has become an increasingly popular addition to the inventory of research methods over the last 15 years. This 'narrative revolution' has seen narrative concepts embedded in the theory, research, and application of disciplines as diverse as history, education and psychotherapy (Lieblich et al. 1998; Polkinghorne, 1988). This chapter will outline the theory of narrative psychology, before focusing on how narrative psychology and narrative research methods have been applied to the study of crime. It will also introduce narrative concepts that show particular potential to assist in the investigation of crime.


This study was done to assess effect of additional anticonvulsant dose given during
supratentorial craniotomies on recovery time, haemodynamics, depth of anesthesia,
incidence of post operative seizures within 48 hours and plasma anticonvulsant levels.
This study enabled us to compare these factors in patients receiving the regular dose
of anticonvulsant with additional bolus dose of anticonvulsant.
Administration of additional dose of Phenytoin causes delay in recovery and
haemodynamic fluctuation during surgery. Administration of additional dose of
sodium valproate did not affect either the recovery time, or the haemodynamics.
Presence of preoperative seizures is one of the significant risk factor for developing
post operative seizure. Since there is a correlation between the amount of IVF
administered, blood loss and the decline in plasma level of anticonvulsant,
administration of an additional anticonvulsant in patients who are resuscitated with
large amount of IVF will definitely help to restore the plasma anticonvulsant level.
Due to the small sample size, it is very difficult to comment on occurrence of post
operative seizures and the plasma anticonvulsant level. This warrants larger
randomized control trials to see the correlation statistically. This study gave us an
insight into a probable reason for delay in recovery post craniotomy.


Abstract Objective To measure the benefits to household caregivers of a psychotherapeutic intervention for adolescents and young adults living in a war-affected area. Methods Between July 2012 and July 2013, we carried out a randomized controlled trial of the Youth Readiness Intervention – a cognitive–behavioural intervention for war-affected young people who exhibit depressive and anxiety symptoms and conduct problems – in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Overall, 436 participants aged 15–24 years were randomized to receive the intervention (n = 222) or care as usual (n = 214). Household caregivers for the participants in the intervention arm (n = 101) or control arm (n = 103) were interviewed during a baseline survey and again, if available (n = 155), 12 weeks later in a follow-up survey. We used a burden assessment scale to evaluate the burden of care placed on caregivers in terms of emotional distress and functional impairment. The caregivers' mental health – i.e. internalizing, externalizing and prosocial behaviour – was evaluated using the Oxford Measure of Psychosocial Adjustment. Difference-in-differences multiple regression analyses were used, within an intention-to-treat framework, to estimate the treatment effects. Findings Compared with the caregivers of participants of the control group, the caregivers of participants of the intervention group reported greater reductions in emotional distress (scale difference: 0.252; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.026–0.4782) and greater improvements in prosocial behaviour (scale difference: 0.249; 95% CI: 0.012–0.486) between the two surveys. Conclusion A psychotherapeutic intervention for war-affected young people can improve the mental health of their caregivers.


In this study, bay scallop was used as primary material to produce scallop meatball. In order to determine the optimum formulation of scallop meatball, orthogonal test was conducted to investigate the effect of scallop content, corn starch content, soy protein isolate content on the sensory evaluation and texture properties through factor analysis, range analysis and variance analysis. Statistical analysis of the results showed that, in the trial-level range, the optimal condition were 35% scallop, 10% corn starch and 4% soy protein isolate. Under the optimal condition, the protein, fat, salt and ash content of scallop meatball was 12.09, 4.30, 0.65% and 3.25g/100g, respectively.


A compute data management system was established for kidney transplantation recipients including their preoperational basic clinic data,post-operational laboratory results,variety and dosage of immune suppressor and complications.This system could storage data exactly,so medical staffs could monitor patients dynamically and manage complications accurately and efficiently.It was realized to share information with every clinician and reduce incidence of complications by using this system.


C L I N I C A L C O M M E N TA R Y False-positive reports on urine drug screens by immunoassay are rare (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, small controlled-exposure studies, small case series). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, fluoroquinolones, and Vicks Inhaler are most frequently implicated (TABLE). Ruling out a false-positive result requires confirmation with a more specific test, usually gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A true-positive drug screen may occur in a urine specimen from a patient who legally or unknowingly ingests a product that is metabolized to a drug of abuse. Passive exposure to a substance is unlikely to cause a positive drug screen (SOR: B, small controlledexposure studies).


This study examines the effect of house prices on Islamic bank stability in the long run and their short run dynamic interactions with real output and interest rate for the case of Indonesia. As bank risks may response differently to the shock of house prices, the aggregate and disaggregate house price indices, namely, small house price indices, medium house price indices and large house price indices, are applied in the analysis. By employing autoregressive distribution lag (ARDL) test for co-integration, we find the presence of long run relationship between house prices, Islamic bank risk and macroeconomic variables. A long run relationship is also found for the medium and large-house prices' indices. The estimated long run coefficient is found to be supportive to the deviation hypothesis. Furthermore, results from the impulse response functions (IRFs) and error correction mechanism (ECM) reflect the short run dynamic interactions between house prices and bank credit. The results from disaggregate analysis reveal that only small-house prices have the relationship with Islamic bank risk, and interestingly, the results support the deviations hypothesis. Our findings have important implications for bankers, monetary authority and investors in determining policy and business decisions especially in stabilizing house price for low income earners.


In the paper,we'll discuss that the human evolution has its double characteristic.As we are anaysing both the producing and the affecting to human's birth hearth,we also propose a way of associating with them.


Remotely controlled automated device for measuring linear dimensions is presented in this paper. This device is designed and developed at Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad. It is dedicated for teaching activities in secondary vocational schools. This device will be used in four technical schools in different cities in laboratory exercises. The paper provides a brief description of the experiment as well as preparation of the questionnaire for the pupil's evaluation. The questionnaire is related to design, quality of use and application results of the presented remote experiment.


In this paper,it studied the inhibition characteristics of new gel on coal by thermal analysis,which was significant for preventing coal spontaneous combustion with gel.By using thermal analyzer STA449C,it made quantitative analysis for water solidification and thermal characteristics of the new gel,then it made comparative analysis for the effect of the new gel,MgCl2 and sodium silicate inhibitor on the inhibition performance of Huaibei gas fat coal,Yima long flame coal and Yangquan anthracite.The results indicated that solid water rate of the new gel was above 86.6% and its physical inhibition performance was the best before 86.8 ℃.When the temperature was raised to 126.5 ℃,the new gel dehydration half-life was 10.75 min,which provided a reference for the gel inhibition aging length.The gel could be used to prevent the contact of coal with oxygen and inhibit oxidation rate of coal,and metal ions in the gel was absorbed chemically by loose coal to inhibit free radical chain reaction during the coal oxygen reaction.The inhibition effect was that long flame coalgas fat coal anthracite,which decreased with the increase of coal metamorphism.


The creative ideas of the theory,brand new technology,high quality products and the over ten-year industry development process of time grating sensor are reviewed.Its fundamental principle,applications and social appraisals obtained up to now are introduced.


Timely diagnosis of hypertension is often associated with the vigilance of the physician, after all, any clinically complaint may not be. But the physician's work is not the end. Although today the majority of patients prefer self-medication, including for hypertension, the work on the choice of individual treatment is an utmost important part. And here, the modern physician is called upon to exercise his professional medical skills, approaching this from an integrative perspective. For purposes of actualization of medical antihypertensive treatment, Joint National Committee (JNC 8) has developed new guidelines for the management of hypertension in adults. On the other hand, the groups of medical scientists are exploring new methods, such as decreased level of the enzyme (protein) GRK2 (G-protein receptor kinase 2), suppression of the carotid body or glomus caroticum, and renal sympathetic denervation that, from the subjective point of view of the authors, deserve special attention and have a real perspective in the treatment of resistant hypertension.


Modern collective housing generated an urban-architectural design paradigm, which incorporated spaces whose design promoted, following modern architects, health and hygiene through the circulation of clean air, natural lighting and ventilation inside dwellings, as well as in the shared spaces and those where people move around, characteristic of this housing typology. These design elements seem to be useful to reduce the spread of the SarsCov2 virus, that is currently affecting the entire world. Field and online work was carried out with the inhabitants of the CUPA, a housing complex representative of modern architecture in Mexico City, to verify this assumption. Using volumetric reconstructions and online questionnaires, the design elements that embody modern ideals, aimed at ensuring healthy indoor and outdoor spaces, were analysed. The usefulness of the collective facilities, public spaces and the design of the four housing typologies found within the, were assessed. The results of the study and the absence of COVID-19 cases in CUPA help to prove the validity that modern architecture has regained during the global pandemic, as well as the importance of the lessons from the past to integrate new design paradigms for a post-Covid architecture.


Abstract : This is the report on the proceedings. The goals of the conference were to examine the many facets of controlling arms, including concepts of cooperative dismantlement, nonproliferation, voluntary and enforced arms control; and to explore areas of agreement and disagreement. The conference cultivated a broadly defined approach to controlling arms and highlighted many of the challenges facing this broader approach.


Abstract : A Z-transform algorithm, developed for the spectral analysis of signals, allows one to get closer to the poles of a signal and effectively reduces the signal's bandwidth and sharpens its peak point. It can give a high resolution, narrow-band frequency analysis with frequency spacing delta f or = 1/T, where T = total length of the analysis interval. This algorithm also enhances the signal poles that lie on circular or spiral contours that begin at almost any point in the Z-plane and the angular spacing of points in an arbitrary constant. Since this algorithm takes advantage of high-speed convolution, it is almost as fast and more flexible than the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).


This study aimed to analyze and to know service quality and to know the dominant factor of the quality service in Starbucks PIK Sea Eagle. Data obtained from the results of a questionnaire distributed to 100 respondents at Starbucks PIK Elang Laut with the research method used is quantitative, descriptive methods. And the scale used in the questionnaire is the Likert scale. The results of this study indicate that: The quality of service at Starbucks PIK Elang Laut has good performance, excellent service, good durability and reliability, excellent characteristics and compliance with good specifications. From the analysis of Rank Spearment data, it can be seen that the most dominant factor in the quality of service available at Starbucks PIK Elang Laut is the service variable, durability, and product characteristics


This paper presents a procedure for preparing a nanofluid, which is a suspension consisting of nanophase powders and a base liquid, by means of the procedure, some sample of nanofluids are prepared. The theoretical study of the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is introduced. A theoretical model is proposed to describe heat transfer performance of the nanofluid regarding its radioactive properties in Direct Absorption solar collector. This paper also consists of usance of nanofluids through application and provokes the funding for its research purpose for the development of nanotechnology and the challenges in front of us for the domestic use of nanofluids in heat transfer. It also comprises of the parameters and materials for nanoparticles and base fluids for thermal conductivity enhancements.


Traders make trade decisions specifying entry, exit, and stop loss prices. Technicians often de- cide on entry, exit, and stop loss prices based on a predefined set of technical rules. In this paper, we employ a method based on grammatical evolution to coevolve technical rules for entry, exit, and stop loss for trading a London Stock Exchange (LSE) based stock in high frequency. We consider the case of two class of investors with risk averse, and loss prefer- ences and build a partial trading frontier given the preferences considered. The performance of the rules evolved is compared to a publicly available trading system called the turtle trading system (TTS) and the best rules produced by our method outperforms TTS.


Fatigue tests were carried out on notched micro-concrete subjected to three point bending tests. Microscopic observations and length measurements were made by means of the replica technique associated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Observations of crack growth both on the surface and inside the specimens are compared with previous investigations in static tests. A """'-'"JL,_...,, ....... also presented between the observed crack lengths and the ones 001·•m~'tCl•ril by compliance method. Finally the kinetic of crack growth is discussed through the Paris's law.


Abstract Since 2001, the United States has relied upon air strikes in its global counterterrorism campaign against insurgencies throughout the world. With advances in air strike technology, public opinion growing increasingly intolerant of deployments of ground forces abroad, and the proliferation of terrorist groups around the world, the use of air strikes appears to be the future of US counterterrorism policy. This study tests the efficacy of air strikes as a counterinsurgency tool by geocoordinating US air strike data and merging it with three major databases on conflict events to assess whether air strikes influence the rate of insurgent attacks. Our analysis reveals that air strikes reduce insurgents' capacity to carry out attacks over the long term. At the same time, air strikes carry a short-term, provocative effect on insurgent attacks when they result in civilian fatalities. Finally, there is some evidence that air strikes increase attack attempts, but these attempts are not always successful, nor directed toward government forces.


Abstract Since the pioneering work of Paulsen et al.1 on stereoselective coupling reactions of glucosamine derivatives, the azide function has found general application in carbohydrate chemistry as a nonparticipating masking group for amines. Although excellent results have been reported for the synthesis of α-coupled glucosamine derivatives, the preparation of the required 2-azido-2-deoxy- -glucopyranose is often laborious.1c


B16DR cells with xenogeneic MHC class Ⅱ gene were constructed by transfecting the human HLADR3 cDNA into the murine melanoma cell line B16. The immunoassay for B16DR showed that the tumorigenicity of B16DR was reduced and the immunogenicity was enhanced, B16DR cells immunization protected the mice from wild type B16, adaptive transfection of the B16DR immunized splenocytes also protected the mice from B16 cells′ attack. These results suggest that MHC class Ⅱ gene transfection is favorable to enhancement of tumor immunogenicity.


Brexit was less a shock decision than the consequence of historical choices that led to the gradual slipping of ties between the UK and the EU - reviewed by Jake Scott


Consider a Markoff chain (by which is meant a stochastic process defined for discrete values of both variable and parameter, and whose probability dependence does not extend to more than a unit interval) with completely specified transition probability matrix P = (pij), where pij is the conditional probability that the (r + 1)th observation belongs to the state Ei, given that the rth observation belongs to the state Ei for r≥ I. We assume that there are a states E1, E2, …, Ea, where a is finite. We also assume an ergodic property for the stochastic process, that is, we consider non-periodic chains for which all the possible initial states remain permanently available. This defines what has been called the positively regular case. Also under the above assumption the moduli of all the latent roots λr of the transition probability matrix P = (pij) other than the first simple latent root λ1 = 1 are less than one (see Bartlett(1)).


Preface 1. Internal languages and the outside world 2. Traditional language change 3. Some properties of language organs 4. Languages emerging in children 5. New E-language cuing new I-languages 6. The use and variation of grammars 7. The eruption of new grammars 8. A new historical linguistics References Index.


Restrictions on physical movements and in-person encounters during the COVID-19 crisis confronted many qualitative researchers with challenges in conducting and completing projects requiring face-to-face fieldwork. An exploration of engaging in what we term 'agile research' in such circumstances can offer novel methodological insights for researching the social world. In this article, we discuss the changes we made to our ethnographic fieldwork in response to the introduction of a national lockdown to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus. The 'Living with Personal Data' project, based in Sydney, Australia, and designed well before the advent of COVID-19, explores a diverse range of people's feelings, practices and understandings concerning home-based digital devices and the personal digital data generated with their use. Using a video ethnography 'home tour' and an elicitation technique involving hand-drawn maps of people's homes, digital devices and the personal data generated with and through these devices, this approach was designed to elicit the sensory, affective and relational elements of people's digital device and personal data use at home. The fieldwork had just commenced when stay-at-home and physical distancing orders were suddenly introduced. Our article builds on and extends a growing body of literature on conducting fieldwork in the difficult conditions of the extended COVID-19 crisis by detailing our experiences of very quickly converting an ethnographic study that was planned to be in-person to a remote approach. We describe the adaptations we made to the project using video-call software and discuss the limits and opportunities presented by this significant modification.


In view of momentum continuity at a temporal slab, it is shown that instantaneous switching of an isotropic medium to an anisotropic medium offers the incident frequency a directional property- a counterintuitive process which is called frequency vectoralization. By expressing the dispersion diagrams before and after the temporal transition, a general analogy between spatial and temporal interfaces is given and the concept of frequency birefringence, i.e. double frequency jump, will be explained. Furthermore, it will be shown that an anisotropic temporal interface diffracts a monochromatic beam in both the spatial and spectral domains.


Preface Abbreviations Introduction The Rural World: Nation and Community Farm and Family The Sources of Stability and Harmony The Problems of Consensus: The Contradictions of the System The Problems of Consensus: Disorder and Crime The Crisis of Rural Society: 'The Wealthy and the Great' The Crisis of Rural Society: 'The Labouring Poor' A New Rural England The Rural Social Structure 1895-1914: Continuity and Discontinuity The Great War Aftermath 1918-1925


Ciletuh Complex is considered to be one among other localities (Luk Ulo, Bantimala, Meratus
Complexes) in Indonesia in which Cretaceous subduction fossil was occurred. The objective of this study
is determining the variation of metamorphic rocks in Ciletuh Complex by petrographical analysis
through their texture and mineral assemblages.
Metamorphic rocks in Ciletuh Complex were collected in Gunung Badak and Tegal Pamidangan areas.
Based on petrographical analysis, metamorphic rocks in Gunung Badak area consist of Grt-Ms-Qz
schist, Ms phyllite, quartzite and serpentinite. Meanwhile in Tegal Pamidangan area, consist of Ms-Qz
phyllite and slate. The metamorphic rocks indicate low-grade metamorphism in the greenschist-facies.
The protolith of metamorphic rocks are suggested from pelitic, ultramafic, and quartz-rich rocks.
Present study did not recognize the blueschist or eclogites-facies rocks which indicates high-pressure
and low-temperature metamorphism in the subduction system. The present of serpentinite among the
low-grade metamorphic rocks indicates that metamorphic environment still correlate with oceanic crust
environment or mantle. Low-grade metamorphic rocks might be developed on the near surface of the
subduction system.
Keywords : petrography analysis, mineral assemblages, metamorphic facies, protolith


Although the critical temperature is a very important step for the extensive application of superconductors, it's difficult to find the correlations of many kinds of physical superconductor properties and guarantee the accuracy in predicting the critical temperature. In this paper, an efficient prediction model using stepwise discriminant analysis based on feature extraction is provided to give the reduction of superconductor physical properties and predict the superconductor critical temperature. Firstly principal component analysis and clustering analysis are implemented to reduce the data dimension of superconductor physical properties and give the reductive clusters to complete the feature extraction. The 71 physical properties data of 1300 superconductors is efficiently reduced to 3 main components and 7 clusters. According to the extracted features and improved stepwise discriminant analysis based on the principle of binary search, bayesian discriminant function of each layer is established. At last, Python programming is designed to input the characteristic values and output the predicted the range of critical temperature to finish the efficient computer implementation of this model. Its result that only to the fifth layer, the superconductor critical temperature accuracy of 20,000 × 71 data matrix is 3. 125 has verified the efficiency of this model.


Two studies examined the notion that perceivers' chronically accessible, negative future-event expectancies might serve as an important cognitive context for the interpretation of temporarily primed expectancies. Such a cognitive context should activate more extreme event-outcome categories that subsequently should be used as comparison standards in the dispositional inference process. A final study examined the direct effect of chronically accessible, negative expectancies on judgments of the priming stimuli. The results of all three studies support the notion that the contextually produced extremity of momentary event expectancies resulted in an unaware and highly efficient comparison and contrast process. When participants were aware of the activation of extreme event-outcome categories and had the requisite resources, correction of target judgments occurred.


Natural zeolites are found at many points of the world in the form of minerals. As for Turkey, quite large volumes of zeolites reserves are available in the following regions: Ankara (Nallihan, Beypazari, Polatli etc.), Kutahya-Sa- phane, Manisa-Gordes, Manisa-Demirci, Izmir-Urla, Balikesir-Bigadic and Cappadocia. By means of the works carried out only at the field in Balikesir- Bigadic region, one of the detected reserves in Turkey, it was understood that an easily workable potential around 500 million ton is available. According to the very limited observations made until today, it is stated that the total reserve in our country may be around 500 billion ton. In these regions, the types of clinoptilolite, hoylandit, chabazite, analcime and erionite from the zeolite minerals exist. Zeolites are widely used in many sectors such as energy, environment, construction, detergent, chemistry, medicine, mining, agriculture and livestock. Zeolites also provide great benefits when they are used especially in agriculture and livestock for the purpose of preventing environmental pollution threatening human being. In this study, zeolite sample taken from Manisa-Gordes region was used. Following the processes of crushing and sieving, zeolite sample was subjected to chemical analyses according to their grain thickness, microscopic examination, the analyses of XRD and Technological Tests (ceramic pre-technological reviews, value of oil absorption, whiteness measurements, examination of the zeolite sample as cat litter, determination of bleaching capability, porosity values) and their ore characteristics were determined. After the analyses, ferrous oxide, biotite, quartz, muscovite, feldspar, chlorite, non-zeolite silicates and metamorphic rock fragments have been found. This zeolite mineral with high mineral purity has been suggested to clear off all impurities via ore preparation and enrichment methods.


According to impersonal requirement of person with ability cultivating in the twenty-first century,big flat roof of undergraduate teaching in the three subjects"Civil Engineering?Architecture and Urban planning?Environment Engineering"has been studied and established in order to encounter the challenges which come from numerous working fields in construction branch,and to fit in the demand of wide specialty content with the fast developing society.


Traditional filter design (i.e. through the use of the q-operator), gives relatively good results when the samplin g frequency is moderate. On the other hand, when the sampling frequency increases, the filter starts performing poorly. This applies not only to finite wordlength effects, but also to the connection between the digital (sampled) system and the underlying continuous-time system. To overcome the shortcom ings of the shifting operator, the δ-operator was devised. Filters designed using this operator perform generally better (under certain circumstances) than their shift counterparts, at the cost of some extra computational cost and complexity. This paper begins by outlining the theoretical foundations of this transform, then we move on to a practical example and analyze and compare the performance of theq and δ transforms.


The starting point for the research was the evidence of a possible contradiction in the provisions of IAS 12 on goodwill and deferred income taxes, i.e., about the need to calculate deferred income taxation on temporary differences relating to all assets except for goodwill. This paper aims at exploring the degree of consistency between the theoretical provisions of International Accounting Standards (IAS)/International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and their actual application by the management of Italian and Bulgarian listed companies, as regards the accounting treatments of deferred income taxes relating to the item "goodwill". The findings suggest that there are some differences between the accounting methods used by the management of most Italian listed companies and the provisions of IAS/IFRS. It can be argued that the rules given by IAS/IFRS are sometimes contradictory, since they may cause doubts in interpretation. As a consequence, in the end of the paper, an amendment to the provisions, set forth in IAS/IFRS concerning the accounting treatment of deferred income taxes relating to the item "goodwill", is proposed.


The problem of the existence of the third integral of motion for the classical Hamiltonian describing a hydrogen atom in a magnetic field is studied by numerical methods. It is found that the third integral is isolating for all initial conditions for which the energy is lower than a critical energy, beyond which the phase orbits are unstable and the Hamilton system can behave stochastically. This critical energy depends upon the strength of the magnetic field and the value of the z component of the angular momentum. The critical energy approaches the (classical) ionisation energy in the weak-field and strong-field limits, while it is lowest in the transition region. The consequences for the quantum mechanical energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom are discussed: the existence of this approximate dynamical symmetry would allow for close anti-crossings of levels, and might facilitate the analytic calculations of the energy levels below the critical energy. In discussion of the correspondence diagram a criticism of an earlier paper is given.


An analysis of the determinants of overall student satisfaction of 1,212 business seniors was conducted using the Undergraduate Business Exit Assessment. A factor analysis of the student's responses resulted in the determination of eight factors which are distinct from those proposed by the providers of this standardized instrument: (a) self-confidence, (b) satisfaction with the curriculum, instruction, and classes, (c) satisfaction with quality of teaching of subject matter, (d) satisfaction with extra-curricular activities and career opportunities, (e) satisfaction with student advising, (f) quality of teaching and instructor feedback, (g) satisfaction with computing facilities, and (h) satisfaction with student quality and interaction. Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the strength of the relationship between those factors and three alternative measures of overall satisfaction: (a) were expectations met?; (b) what is the value of the educational investment made?; and (c) would you recommend the program to a friend? Regression results show that advising and quality of teaching in the subject matter have little or no effect on overall student satisfaction. Self-confidence, extra-curricular activities and career opportunities, and quality of teaching in general are the factors with greater impact on satisfaction. The results of the analysis are discussed and directions for further study are suggested.


Apical Root Resorption (ARR) of the maxillary incisors is an adverse effect in patients during treatment with orthodontic appliance.
Limited number of prospective investigations on ARR in patients
 ...


Soil physic-chemical properties were studied in arid area under two conservation cultivations(one was deep plough,flat sowing and straw-mulching,the other was deep plough and ridge forming,rootstalks and field).It was found that two conservation cultivations could increase the content of soil organic matter,raise the pH,and the straw-mulching had the greatest effects,it was also had different results due to different available nutrition.Besides,the conservation cultivations could reduce soil bulk density,increase field moisture capacity.Different conservation cultivations took important role in increasing soil fertility and improving soil physical properties.


Mr. Walpole S. Lewin succeeds Mr. H. H. Langston as chairman of the committee. Dr. R. M. MayonWhite and Mr. H. G. Hanley are deputy chairmen. The Committee's views on the Minister of Health's Green Paper are to be sent to regional committees for hospital medical services. The Green Paper will be a topic for discussion at the conference of hospital medical staffs in December. The appointment by the Health Ministers, without consulting the appropriate professional organizations, of a working


Aims. We use VLT/UVES high-resolution optical spectroscopy of seven GRB afterglows (at zGRB between 2.20 and 3.97) to investigate circumburst and interstellar plasma in the host galaxies of the bursts. Methods. GRBs 050730, 050820, 050922C, 060607, 071031, and 080310 were each detected by the Swift satellite. With the minimum possible time delay (as short as eight minutes), follow-up optical spectroscopy at 6.0 km s −1 resolution began with UVES. We present Voigt-profile component fits and analysis of the high-ion absorption detected in these spectra and in the pre-Swift UVES spectrum of GRB 021004, at velocities between zGRB–5000 km s −1 and zGRB. Results. We identify several distinct categories of high-ion absorption at velocities close to zGRB: (i) strong high-ion absorption at zGRB itself is always seen in O vi ,C iv ,a nd Siiv, usually (in six of seven cases) in N v, and occasionally in S iv and S vi .T hree of the cases show logN(N v) > 14 in a single-component, suggesting a circumburst origin, but we cannot rule out an interstellar origin. Indeed, using the non-detection of S iv ∗ at zGRB toward GRB 050730 together with a UV photo-excitation model, we place a lower limit of 400 pc on the distance of the S iv-bearing gas from the GRB; (ii) complex, multi-component C iv and Si iv profiles extending over 100–400 km s −1 around zGRB are observed in each spectrum; these velocity fields are similar to those measured in C iv in damped Lyman-α systems at similar redshifts, suggesting a galactic origin; (iii) asymmetric, blueshifted, absorption-line wings covering 65–140 km s −1 are seen in the C iv ,S iiv ,a nd Ovi profiles in four of the seven GRB afterglow spectra. The wing kinematics together with the "Galactic" C iv/Si iv ratios measured in two cases suggest that the wings trace outflowing interstellar gas in the GRB host galaxies; (iv) high-velocity (HV; 500–5000 km s −1 relative to zGRB) components are detected in six of the seven spectra; these components are not necessarily a single homogeneous population, and many of them may arise in unrelated foreground galaxies. However, in the cases of GRBs 071031 and 080310, the ionization properties of the HV components (very high C iv/Si iv ratios and absence of neutral-phase absorption in Si ii or C ii) are suggestive of a circumburst origin; models of Wolf-Rayet winds from the GRB progenitors can explain both the kinematics and ionization level of these HV components.


While 75% mental health problems emerge by young adulthood, there is a strong reluctance during this developmental stage to seek professional help. Although limitations in mental health literacy, such as incorrect problem recognition, may hinder professional help-seeking intentions, the relationship between these variables has been understudied among young adults in the United States (U.S.) and racial/ethnic differences in help-seeking intentions for specific disorders have not been well explored. Using a vignette-based design, the current study examines the association between psychological disorder recognition and professional help-seeking intentions among 1,585 Black/African American and White/European American young adults. Correctly identifying a psychological disorder was significantly associated with intentions to seek professional help for several disorders and race/ethnicity significantly influenced intentions to seek professional help for some disorders. Implications for ways to address unmet mental health care needs, especially among racially/ethnically diverse young adults, and directions for future research are discussed.


A comparison is made of the performance of magnetic tape when the recording field is in the same direction as, or perpendicular to, the oxide particles as encountered in magnetic disc or video recording.


Aim: The possible association between certain childhood infections and the propensity to develop nocturnal enuresis may include intestinal helminth infections. Objective: To explore the association between Enterobius vermicularis and nocturnal enuresis among children 4 to 7 years of age in a Turkish orphanage. Methods: Eighty children (45 boy, 35 girl, age range 4-7 years) participated in this study. The association between Enterobius vermicularis and enuressis was investigated after mebendazole therapy in the children with Enterobius vermicularis infection. The occurrence of Enterobius vermicularis was examined by adhesive cellotape anal swap method. Results: The occurrence of Enterobius vermicularis was examined by perianal tape tests in 80 children. Total egg positivity rates of Enterobius vermicularis were 71.3% (57/80). The egg positivity rates of boys and girls were 75.6% (34/45) and 65.7% (23/35), respectively. Total enuresis rate was 51.3% (41/80), and 60% (27/45) of the boys and 40% (14/35) of girls had enuresis. After the mebendazole therapy, while the total egg positivity rate of Enterobius vermicularis was 33.8% (27/80), this ratio was 35.6% (16/45) for boys and 31.4% (11/35) for girls. While before the mebendazole therapy, total enuresis rate was 51.3% (41/80), after the therapy it was was found to be 28.8% (23/80) in children. Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that Enterobius vermicularis infection was quite prevalent among orphan children in Antakya. Besides this, the results indicate that nocturnal enuresis could be more frequent in children with Enterobius vermicularis disease. It was concluded that nocturnal enuresis may be related with pinworm infestation.


Silicon powder in cutting waste mortar silicon as source the high concentration silica sol was prepared. And recovered the high purity silicon carbide. The result shows that the optimum condition obtained as follows: the reaction temperature is 90 ℃,the activation time of silicon powder is 5 min,the reaction time is 1 h,the mass ratio of the waste residue,water and sodium hydroxide is 10∶ 30∶ 0. 6.


Abstract The alkylation of chiral cyclic diesters of α-aminomethyl-phosphonate derivatives was investigated as a potential route to the asymmetric synthesis of phosphonic acid analogs of α-amino acids. The 1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes derived from d,l-2,4-pentanediol (1D-c and 1D-d), which adopt primarily the C-equatorial conformation, were compared to the homologs 1T-c and 1T-e derived from 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, in which the aminomethyl moiety is fixed in the axial configuration. While neither series shows high stereoselectivity (de ≤ 50%), it was shown that the two chiral auxiliaries produce asymmetric induction of the opposite sense.


Deuterium NMR has been widely used to investigate flexibility in phospholipids. Usually, the measured deuterium quadrupolar couplings are directly related to segmental motion via a single Saupe order parameter. A more complete description avoiding assumptions concerning orientation and modes of motion can be obtained from five order parameters for a particular segment. Employing this approach, we present experimental NMR measurements using isotopic isomers of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline in bilayer dispersions for the two stereospecific deuterium quadrupole couplings, the carbon-proton dipole couplings, and, preliminarily, the proton-proton dipole couplings, for the C-2 methylene segment of the sn-2 chain of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline. In addition, we discuss the relation of these couplings to the significant order parameters, and calculate tentative orientations of the sn-2 alpha methylene segment.


Based on production function, total factor productivity (TFP) equation, the formula of average years of education and 1978–2005 provincial panel data, this paper estimates social internal rates of return to education at different levels in China. The results indicate that the social internal rates of return to higher education, senior and junior secondary education, and primary education are relatively higher in China, furthermore, the social internal rates of return to senior and junior secondary education are the highest, while the social internal rate of return to higher education is the lowest; the social internal rates of return to all levels of education of central and west regions are not lower than those of east region. So government's decision to further enhance investment in education and assist the less developed areas to develop education is rational. As far as the structure of educational investment, the government should continue to make nine-year compulsory education universal across the country, and make great efforts to develop senior secondary education, and should continue to improve the quality of higher education.


Coral Whisperers captures a key moment in the history of coral reef science and of environmental conservation at large. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews,the book documents the physical, intellectual, and emotional plight of coral scientists and their painstaking deliberations as they struggle to understand and save corals from what many of these scientistshave come to see as the corals'inevitable catastrophic future on a rapidly warming and otherwise assaulted planet.We are here in the thick of contemporary coral science, and we can feel its urgency: the experts, who are witnessing massive coral death around the planet, both grieve for this death and must simultaneously narrate it. Yet despite the desperate realities confronting corals in the Anthropocene, coral scientists have not given up hope. Through their engaging narratives, corals emerge as a sign, a measure, and a way out of the imminent catastrophe facinglife on earth.


This paper demonstrates basic research for a new compass system using latest MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) sensors for small vessels. In 2007, MEMS Electro-statically Gyro (ESG) was introduced by TOKYO KEIKI which is a Japanese company. This sensor accuracy has dramatically improved when compared to vibration types. For example, instability has been improved 10 times more than the vibration types. The reproducibility was tested and maximum difference was 0.55 [deg/sec] in the field test. The MEMS-ESG could detect the relative angles as accurate as a GPS compass in short term use. Even though sensor accuracy has been improved, an improvement of another 10 times is needed to detect the earth's turn rate. Because of this a second system is required for a complete compass system. A celestial navigation system is one of the possibilities to complement this. Traditionally the sextant has been used for measuring the altitude, but it has some human errors and is difficult to measure continuously. Therefore, it might be useful to get sun altitude and direction automatically. In this thesis, the sun altitude and direction detecting system using camera devices are studied. Using a 350×288 resolution camera and a radio-controlled clock, the sun movement was detected 5'14" per pixels and 2'16". per pixels for the altitude and direction respectively. Although this is a basic research for an integrated system, the data should have an enormous affect upon future research.


Fusion energy has the potential to provide a vital, environmentally attractive energy option for a growing world population in the next century and beyond. While the development of a new energy source is not a critical near term need for the USA, there is a need to develop long term energy options that alleviate the environmental problems associated with fossil fuels. Presently, a worldwide fusion energy R&D program is working toward the goal of establishing the scientific and technological foundations for fusion energy. This paper concentrates on issues related to determining the scientific feasibility of fusion using magnetic confinement.


A recent paper discussing the arrival of modern humans into Australia 50 ka argues that rock art was
one of a suite of behaviours which would have facilitated the colonization of the most arid continent on
earth. In this paper we discuss the social mechanisms and likely art correlates for that behaviour. The
distribution of Australia's earliest art throughout the arid zone -and its cultural continuity in that
environmental context- are discussed.


: As the greatest playwright in the Renaissance, Shakespeare created a number of masterpieces with perfect ideological and artistic unity, which crossed the temporal gap and regional barriers, shining as a bright pearl in the history of world literature. William Shakespeare's four great tragedies reflect his in-depth thinking about real life. His portrayal of female images in his works has a profound relationship with the era as well as the social and cultural background in which he lives. This paper takes the four female images in the four great tragedies of Shakespeare as the prototype to illustrate the influence of the female images created in that specific era background on contemporary women.


Origin software,an application procedure of multiple document interfaces,had strong functions,which can be popularly used in data analyzing,data processing,and map-making.When coping the data of "Acetic Ether Saponification",the software can diminish the errors of data processing,make data processing easier and render the experiment reports more reasonable.Combined with the application of the computer,it would improve the ability of comprehensive processing and composite qualities of students.In addition,the use of the software Origin8.0 can evaluate student,s experiment results in a fair.


Objective To study the changes of serum midregional pro-adrenomedullin(MR-proAMD)levels and Btype natriuretic peptide(BNP)levels in chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods Serum MR-proAMD and BNP levels in 35patients with CHF and 31healthy individuals as control were determined by Sandwich-ELISA.Results Serum MRproAMD and BNP levels were increased significantly in CHF patients compared with those in the control group(P 0.05),and inⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ grade patients the difference were significant(P0.05),and after treatment the both markers levels decreased than before(P0.01).Conclusion Both serum MR-proAMD and BNP test may be useful markers for diagnosis,grading and follow up in CHF patients.


Considering the production practice,this paper presents the significance of using roll surface reason- ably from the following aspects:increasing production efficieney,product quality and decreasing production cost.According to the statistical data,it analyzes and sums up the damage causes of roll surface,puts forward concrete measures on how to use and protect the roll propedy.


Traditionally, perceptual salience for acoustic stimuli has a lower-level grounding in human cognitive mechanism and will not be influenced by linguistic traits. However, the striking difference of perceptual accuracy performances from the behavioral data has shown that higher-level neural processing should participate and offer crucial positive impact on human's cross-linguistic learning experience, and therefore influence the learning outcome. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the efficiency of the second language (L2) perception and such high-level mechanism of human voluntary attention. Our findings lead to a revision to existing statistical model predictions through accuracy and reaction-time measurements with different attention conditions. They also suggest that enhancement of learning and memory of L2 would be achieved by efficient exploitation of the auxiliary attention pattern in the process of human cognition.


An experimentally validated Synchronous Current-fed Switched Converter (SCFSC) module intended for roof-top solar application is presented in this digest. The 1 kW module is capable of converting 95 V to 380 V at peak efficiency of 97.1 %. The design methodology and component selection are presented along with the calculated power loss distribution.


Loyalty programs have proliferated throughout the hospitality industry, often with little evidence that these programs create behavioral or attitudinal loyalty to the firm that offers the program. Conversations with hotel managers revealed that customers have come to expect some type of reward in exchange for their patronage. Managers are often required to modify aspects of their reward programs to remain both profitable and competitive. Theoretical arguments suggest that consumers become used to a particular type of reward and may respond negatively to any changes in the reward structure. In this brief report, we explore the impact that program changes might have on consumer patronage. Drawing from a larger hospitality survey, 522 consumers completed an online survey indicating their degree of brand loyalty toward a particular hotel chain. We then assessed responses to various potential changes in their program. Results indicated that program changes including increasing reward tier requirements or even discontinuing the program are likely to increase consumer defection from the firm. The implications of these findings for reward program management are considered.


It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus for applying a synthetic resin which is able to efficiently carry out the work for applying resin to the resin reinforcement in which a corner portion of an electronic component is set as a target, and means to provide for the application of synthetic resin for generating data. In the apparatus for linear applying a resin to the reinforcement along an outer edge of the electronic component in a carrier body for mounting electronic components where the electronic component is mounted on a substrate, information about the device position, which in a position of the electronic component are See carrier body for mounting electronic components, component information including a page size of the electronic component and a basic pattern with a attaching mold for forming a corner reinforced part, is arranged in the corner part, in a storage part (31) is stored, and dimensional data for particular See dimension in the basic pattern, through an input portion (35) are inputted, and thereby application locality data for applying the resin to the reinforcement by a location calculating section (32) is calculated. Consequently, the work for applying synthetic resin for resin reinforcement at the corner portion of the electronic component is set as a target, be performed efficiently.


The theory behind Rapid Response Teams (RRTs), namely to provide critical care resources to patients with clinical deterioration on the wards, is such common sense that failure to do so seems unethical. This idea, combined with evidence that many cardiac arrests on the wards are predictable and potentially preventable events, led to the proliferation of RRTs across the country and a Joint Commission mandate.1 However, data from clinical trials have failed to consistently confirm the value of these teams, likely a product of the wide variability in implementation practices across institutions.2

In this edition of the Journal, Davis and colleagues demonstrate improvements in both mortality and cardiac arrest rates outside the ICU following implementation of their rapid response system in two hospitals.3 While several other studies have shown similar results, what makes this implementation unique is the bundle approach that included proactive rounding by the charge nurse from each unit, annual focused training of team members and staff, and an integrated continuous quality improvement feedback loop. Bundles are common in successful quality improvement work but can be challenging for deciphering which of the individual components are driving the results, leaving readers to venture an educated guess. In the current bundle, the novel use of the charge nurse has some significant appeal as a candidate primary driver of the impact because it likely had two distinct actions: (1) proactive rounding, and (2) promoting a culture change, both of which are well supported in the literature.4,5

Several studies, including this one, have demonstrated a dose-response association between the number of RRT activations and patient outcomes, with a low number of RRT activations deemed a major contributor to the neutral results of the large multicenter, randomized-controlled MERIT trial.6,7 Additionally, delays in treatment and transfer to the ICU for unstable patients are known to increase mortality.8 One way to increase the number of patients seen by the RRT and decrease activation delays is by instituting proactive rounding by the team on high-risk patients. This was the strategy employed in a landmark ward-randomized trial by Priestley and colleagues, which demonstrated a significant improvement in mortality from pro-active rounding on patients deemed to be at high risk of clinical deterioration as calculated by an early warning score or due to caregiver concern.4

Identification of at-risk patients for proactive rounding can be accomplished with gestalt, as was done by the charge nurse in the current study or using specific individual criteria, such as recent discharge from an ICU. Alternatively, this can be accomplished using composite vital sign based risk scores, such as the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS).9 Recently, several newer algorithms that integrate vital signs, laboratory data, and demographics have been shown to outperform the MEWS.10,11 Such systems promise an exciting age of real-time computer-generated risk stratification with the ability to automate and standardize the selection of patients for proactive rounding across institutions.

Interestingly, the selection of the charge nurse, rather than someone who didn't reside on the unit, to conduct the surveillance rounds likely had another benefit: expediting and facilitating the culture change necessary for a successful implementation. The integration of the charge nurse into the RRT likely led to a local reinforcement of important cultural changes that were already happening at the institutional level. It is clear that culture change is essential in any quality improvement endeavor, and previous literature on RRTs supports this notion.5

Rapid response systems are complex and include the activation criteria, the team composition and training, and an administrative component. A multifaceted, bundled approach is likely to be required for success. Further, regardless of what risk stratification criteria are used, proactive rounding on high-risk patients is likely to increase the yield. Utilizing the charge nurse in that effort is a creative use of a preexisting local resource and is worthy of future study.


Applications of composite materials and technologies on A380 are reviewed. Also, the "lessons learned" from the existing fleet. Decision for applications of composite materials is consistent with an evolution within the Airbus family. To step into primary structure with a new technology first time requires special attention and careful preparation, including hardware tests and full-scale manufacturing demonstrators. The Material and Technology down-selection Process used by Airbus is described. Finally the remaining limitations to composite introduction on airframe, such as reliability of cost prediction, are highlighted.


This paper presents a survey of Singular Perturbations Approximation (SPA) method and meta-heuristic techniques for order reduction of linear systems in discrete case. A comparison of intelligent techniques to determine the reduced order model of higher order linear systems is presented. Two approaches are considered: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA). These methods are employed to reduce the higher order model and based on the minimization of the Mean Square Error (MSE) between the transient responses of original higher order model and the reduced order model pertaining to a unit step input. Each method is illustrated through numerical examples.


The alteration of approaches, methods and hypotheses in phylogeny of Platyhelminthes, mainly Neodermata, has been considered. It has been shown that the principal conflict in modern flatworm phylogeny is monophyly of Neodermata, supported by both molecular and comparative morphological data, which collides with current viewpoint on the origin and evolution of Trematoda.


This paper constructs projectively metric with 5-parametrers in the form of,giving the condition of projectively flat and computing flag curvature.


This paper studies a delegation problem faced by the planner who wants to regulate receivers' reaction choices in markets for matching between receivers and senders with signaling. We provide a noble insight into the planner's willingness to delegate and the design of optimal (reaction) interval delegation as a solution to the planner's general mechanism design problem. The relative heterogeneity of receiver types and the productivity of the sender' signal are crucial in deriving optimal interval delegation in the presence of the trade-off between matching efficiency and signaling costs.


A self‐exciting spatiotemporal point process is fitted to incident data from the UK National Traffic Information Service to model the rates of primary and secondary accidents on the M25 motorway in a 12‐month period during 2017–2018. This process uses a background component to represent primary accidents, and a self‐exciting component to represent secondary accidents. The background consists of periodic daily and weekly components, a spatial component and a long‐term trend. The self‐exciting components are decaying, unidirectional functions of space and time. These components are determined via kernel smoothing and likelihood estimation. Temporally, the background is stable across seasons with a daily double peak structure reflecting commuting patterns. Spatially, there are two peaks in intensity, one of which becomes more pronounced during the study period. Self‐excitation accounts for 6–7% of the data with associated time and length scales around 100 min and 1 km, respectively. In‐sample and out‐of‐sample validation are performed to assess the model fit. When we restrict the data to incidents that resulted in large speed drops on the network, the results remain coherent.


Frequency control is significant to maintain the stability and reliability of islanded microgrids. Generation side controls, e.g., virtual synchronous generator control and droop control, have been widely adopted to stabilize the frequency of islanded microgrid. However, this is not ideal method due to the capacity limitation and power fluctuation of distributed generation(DG). Meanwhile, energy storage system(ESS) installation will significantly increase the investment of microgrid since the high construction cost. In this paper, an autonomous control scheme of active power electronics loads(APELs) was proposed to make the APELs regulate their power consumption in proportion to their adjustable power capacities based on the frequency monitored locally. With the participation of the APELs, the power supply-demand imbalance can be solved and the microgrid frequency deviation can be maintained within the allowable range. Therefore, the additional power reserve of DGs and energy storage systems are not required. Meanwhile, the proposed control scheme is distributed control algorithm for APELs. As a consequence, the central controller and the communication links can be saved. The effectiveness of the proposed control is demonstrated via Matlab simulations in islanded microgrid.


DNA sequence contains a lot of genetic information, and a variety of phenotypic information of the organism can be obtained by analyzing its single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Experiments have shown that 1000-grain weight of rapeseed is positively correlated with its oil yield. In this paper, the 1000-grain weight of rapeseed at maturity is predicted by the genetic data of rapeseed, so as to control the oil yield of rapeseed. When analyzing and processing high-dimensional genetic data, the author proposes a deep learning method—auto-encoder for dimensionality reduction processing of high-dimensional genetic data, and compares it with the traditional principal component analysis method. As the number of features of genetic data is much higher than the number of samples, the data generated by using the auto-encoder for dimensionality reduction cannot completely present the effective information of the original genetic data, and dimension disasters are prone to occur. In view of the above problems, this paper optimized the auto-encoder network. The experimental results showed that the proposed optimization method could reduce the MAE error by 0.1344, and the MAE error was 0.3824, indicating that there was an error of 0.3824g between the predicted value and the measured value of 1000-grain weight of rapeseed. Step 2: The thousand-grain weight prediction using neural network mainly includes two parts: 1. Use dimensionality reduction neural network to reduce the dimension of high-dimensional genetic data, and extract the deep relationship in the data at the same time; 2. Use linear regression to perform 1000-grain weight prediction on the new data after dimensionality reduction.


This paper describes the development of a SpeakerIndependent Isolated Words recognizer for a voice dialing application operating in the car environment. Speaker dependent and speaker independent approaches are addressed and compared. Simple Continuous Hidden Markov Models are used for speaker dependent recognition, while multiple codebook Discrete and Continuous Hidden Markov Models are trained by speaker independent reference data derived from a large database of speech collected inside several cars under a wide variety of driving conditions and by a large number of speakers from different Italian regions. By modeling separately two models (one for male and one for female speakers) for each word with 12 state Continuous density whole word HMMs with 8 diagonal covariance Gaussians per state, and performing a beam search Viterbi decoding a recognition rate of 99% has been obtained (65 errors out of 6423 words).


The thesis title on of Buddha's view toward Appayakatapanha; the objectives were as following 1) To study the concept of several doctrines in Buddha's time toward Appayakata Panha. 2)To study the answer of the Lord Buddha which are appeared in several scriptures. 3)To study the Buddha's view toward Appayakatapanha and the reason for non-predict of question in metaphysic. This is the critical study research which are studied from documentary research the processes as follows. 1. To study on primary source i.e. Tipitaka on Thai version which is under Mahachulalongkornrachavidyalaya (B.E.2539) 2. To study from secondary source i.e. commentary, scripture and Buddhist texts. 3. To analyses both primary and secondary by the researcher as analytical description. The findings were as following: 1. Appayakatapanha in the early Buddhist era composed of question which are debated by priests at that time for finding out the truth of world, universe and spiritual which are not concerned with way of life but to find out the truth that are out of nature as a Metaphysic to prove it was truth or not, to be or not to be of universe, human and spiritual which are interested of Indian at that time, those priests tried to ask question or create question in group of question for asking the leader of doctrine at that time and the Appayakatapanha has also asked and in each doctrine tries to answer as their views and assert on their views only for the right, the situations at that time ware based on debating on Philosophy view, in the same way the load Buddha was also requested on those questions but he was not try to predict to answer in any way. 2. The way to answer of the lord Buddha was based on four characters 1. To answer by setting question feedback and answer (Patipuccapayakarana) 2.To answer by separating (Vipachapayakarana) 3. To answer by directly (yes or no), (Ekansapayakarana) 4. To answer by non answer (Thpaniyapayakarana) these are called Appayakatapanha (non answer) which are not to be enlighten i.e. no good or bad being. 3. A study on Buddha's view toward Appayakatapanha and reason that was not predicts or answer on Metaphysic can be summarized as follow. 1. Deep question. 2. Not accordance with Khandha (animal, human, self). 3.Cessation of ignore, self and can be enlighten. 4. Not to be Dhamma's awaking. 5. Wrong thought question. 6. To answer the thing that can be useful for enlightenment. The lord Buddha tried to choose to answer the question in audian useful for peace, more learning and enlightenment. So, the cause that he would not answer the Appayakatapanha because of it was so complexity and not based on usefulness, not to be on sexual conduct, not to be on tediously, not to be on sexual tediously, not to be on cessation, peaceful, more learning, enlightenment and Niravana and he said that the faced work of each man should do it rapidly i.e. try to practice for cessation of suffering, not to find the truth of Metaphysic, when man made of suffering cessation in finally, the question on these problems will be vanishing all.


Solute transport from the bulk soil to the root surface is, apart from changes in soil moisture and plant nutrient uptake, a prerequisite for changes in soil osmotic potential (Ψ 0 ). According to the convection-diffusion equation, solute transport depends on a number of parameters (soil moisture-release curve, hydraulic conductivity, tortuosity factor) which are functions of soil texture. It was thus hypothesized that soil texture should have an effect on the formation of Ψ 0 gradients between bulk soil and the root surface. The knowledge about such gradients is important to evaluate water availability in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC). A linear compartment system with maize grown under controlled conditions in two texture treatments (T1, pure sand; T2, 80% sand, 20% silt) under low and high initial application of salts (S1, S2) was used to measure the development of Ψ 0 gradients between bulk soil and the root surface by microscale soil-solution sampling and TDR sensors. The differences in soil texture had a strong impact on the formation of Ψ 0 gradients between bulk soil and the root surface at high and low initial salt application rate. At high initial salt application, a maximum osmotic-potential gradient (ΔΨ 0 ) of -340 kPa was observed for the texture treatment T2 compared to ΔΨ 0 of -180 in T1. The steeper gradients in osmotic potential in treatment T2 compared to T1 corresponded to higher cumulative water consumption in this treatment which can partly be explained by higher soil hydraulic conductivity in the range of soil matric potentials covered during the duration of the experiments. Differences between texture treatments in Ψ 0 at the root surface did not result in differences in plant-water relations measured as gas-exchange parameters (transpiration rate, water-use efficiency) and leaf osmotic potential. If soil osmotic and matric potential are regarded as additive in calculating the driving force for water movement from the soil into the root, the observed differences in water flux between treatments cannot be explained.


This paper presents a comparison of metaheuristic algorithms, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), in producing freeman chain code (FCC). The main problem in representing characters using FCC is the length of the FCC depends on the starting points. Isolated characters, especially the upper-case characters, usually have branches that make the traversing process difficult. The study in FCC construction using one continuous route has not been widely explored. This is our motivation to use the population-based metaheuristics. The experimental result shows that the route length using GA is better than ACO, however, ACO is better in computation time than GA.


In common model testing practise, the measured values of the self propulsion test are split into the characteristics of the hull, the propeller and into the interaction factors. These coefficients are scaled separately to the respective full scale values and subsequently reassembled to give the power prediction. The accuracy of this power prediction depends inter alia on the accuracy of the measured values and the scaling procedure. An inherent problem of this approach is that it is virtually impossible to verify each single step, because of the complex nature of the underlying problem. In recent years the scaling of the open-water characteristics of propeller model tests attracted a renewed interest, fuelled by competitive tests, which became the norm due to requests of the customer. This paper shows the influence of different scaling procedures on the predicted power. The prediction is compared to the measured trials data and the quality of the prediction is judged. The procedures examined are the standard ITTC 1978 procedure plus derivatives of it, the Meyne method, the strip method developed by the Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt (HSVA) and the β
 i
 -method by Helma.