Definiting the concept and intension about the culture of university campus, clarifying the significance of the culture construction about university campus among the social civilization and improvement, university self development, student quality development, explaining and creating the university spirit, clear and quiet environment, establishing the normal and orderly managing machine processed, building the main content of harmonious and democratic relationship, opening rich and varied cultural activities.


The fretting contact resistance test machine is a dynamic test system to measure contact resistance during the fretting progress in contact pairs.The fretting subsystem and the contact resistance test subsystem were introduced,and the scheme of the control program design was given.


Taking the library of Zhongyuan Institute of Technology as an example, and adopting the form of questionnaire of readers'satisfaction for library, this paper invests readers'satisfaction for library's information behaviors, and through the summarization, classification, analysis and comparison, makes the feasibility research report.


The man who first told me about the Major was a Negro jet pilot who flew me to the desert gunnery range from a nearby air base. The Air Force had assigned me to take some pictures of the jet gunnery ranges, and when I asked the name of the man who was in charge of the ranges, he began to talk about the Major. We were at 30,000 feet, and I was being lulled to sleep by the soft, even whistle inside the plane.


In the Huetar North Region of Costa Rica, two separate initiatives were underway with similar purposes. On the one hand, a group of farmers was promoting a movement for farmer experimentation and exchange between farmers about their experiments; on the other hand, a group of extension workers and researchers from the national Ministry of Agriculture were promoting an approach called "farmer experimenters" as a new model for technological innovation. Eventually, they met each other and sought ways to join hands. This coming together offered a possibility to broaden ("scale up") the processes of "PTD" Participatory Technology Development (although the term, as such, was never used). Here, scaling up does not refer primarily to wide-scale incorporation of participatory research and extension into the various formal institutions that support agriculture (research, extension, universities, local governments). Rather, the focus is on strengthening the organisation of producers who want to be responsible for managing the processes of technological innovation: to conduct these processes themselves and to invite the supporting institutions to join them. (Resume d'auteur)


Using a cognitive-behavioral framework, Teater and Ludgate (2014) provide practical exercises for care providers seeking to detect, manage and prevent burnout, compassion fatigue, and work distress...


Accidents are inadvertent untoward events that lead to injuries or diseases. In the healthcare setting, both patients and healthcare workers are at risk of being victims. By virtue of children's evolving developmental maturity, caring for them puts all parties more at risk. Having a comprehensive framework to prevent accidents in paediatric practice is therefore crucial. This paper aims to utilize the primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention to detail the strategies for preventing needle stick injury, exposure to blood-borne infections, post-injection traumatic neuropathy, post injection abscess, Nicolau syndrome, fluid overload, and drug overdose in paediatric healthcare settings. Preventing the selected injuries and disorders involves a multidisciplinary team of paediatricians, paediatric surgeons, orthopaedic surgeons, burns and plastic surgeons, neurosurgeons, toxicologists, pharmacists, microbiologists, infectious disease physicians, anaesthetists, and public health physicians.


The eucalyptus essential oil has been used in the natural medicine and it has been investigated the medicinal properties of these species that include a wide range of biological activities. The composition of an essential oil can be affected by several factors, such as genetic, ontogenic, morphogenetic and environmental factors. The present work investigated the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the leaf essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plants, which grow in Moyancon and Chorocopte regions (1347 and 3191 m height above sea level, respectively) in the canton Canar, Ecuador. The essential oils were isolated by means of hydrodistillation during two hours and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization and mass selective detectors. The essential oil yields of leaves from Moyancon and Chorocopte regions were 0.17 % and 0.15 % (v/m), respectively. A total of 99 volatile compounds were identified and quantified, where 1,8-cineol and a-pinene were the major compounds. No significant differences in the composition were found by effect of the growth region. The essential oil from Moyancon region showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococus aureus, Streptococus pyogenes and Eschericha coli.


The objective of this article is to consider the benefits of using silica fume (microsilica) in sprayed concrete mixes, taking into account three recent projects. Use of sprayed concrete has increased over the past decade, leading to development of mix designs to meet specific requirements.


The data from aircraft and ship campaigns in February 2003 in conjunction with high resolution satellite images aid in validating sea ice concentrations derived from AMSR-E brightness temperatures. Patrol Vessel SOYA conducted time series observations of geophysical parameters such as ice type, floe size, snow cover vertical profiles of snow and ice surface temperature, density, grain size, and salinity. Surface data were used to interpret aircraft microwave and visible channel data used to interpret high resolution Landsat-7 and MODIS images. The latter were then utilized to interpret the ice concentration data derived from AMSR-E. The co-registered images of aircraft PSR: Landsat-7 and MODIS data exhibit good coherence in signatures. In highly consolidated ice cover, the ice concentrations were in agreement to within 5 to 10% in ice concentration. However, in highly divergent areas, the derived ice concentration has a negative bias due to the dominant presence of new ice. The new ice has relatively lower emissivity than first year ice which is snow cover and is affected by waves and wetness. The relationship between the thickness and brightness temperature of sea ice was studied in detail


Oakes's argument shows that no statistical analysis, however complex, of sequential data can be guaranteed to provide asymptotically valid forecasts for every possible set of outcomes.


SummaryCOVID-19 is a disease with manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to interstitial pneumonia associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. The aim of the study isto assess the dynamics of the parameters of the pulmo-nary functional tests (PFTs), dyspnea, quality of life in the process of medical rehabilitation (MR) in the early recov-ery period after COVID-19. Materials and methods. An observational descriptive study was performed. 30 pa-tients were examined, median age 46 years, males (90%). The median of computed tomography (CT) abnormalities in the acute period was 52.5%. Before MR most patients had post-inflammatorychanges in the lungs. The medians of primary PFTs including spirometry, body plethysmog-raphy, diffusion test 15 days after discharge from hospital. The severity of dyspnea (mMRC) and qua lity of life (QoL, EQ-VAS) were also evaluated. Individual MR programs were designed taking into accountcase history, clinical picture, PFTs data. Results. Before MR, on average, all PFTs parameters were within the normal range, except for impaired lung diffusion capacity (83% of cases). 12 (40%) had restrictive, 3 (10%) — obstructive, and 1 — mixed type of ventilation disorders. The severity of dyspnea was 1–2, QoL was reduced. After MR, a statistically significant increase in SVC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/SVC, МMEF25–75%, transfer factor CO (DLCO) and alveolar volume (VA) was revealed. The average increase in SVC, FVC, FEV1, DLCO and VA was 4.5% (150 ml), 6,4% (270 ml), 7% (323 ml), 5.5% (1.7 ml/min/mmHg) and 5.8% (380 ml), respectively. There was also a statistically significant reduction in dyspnea, and an improvement in QoL. Conclusion. Improvement in lung function, reduction of dyspnea, improvement in QoL indi-cates the effectiveness of MR after COVID-19


Our study compared the effects of mindfulness and relaxation interventions on stress, quality of life, resilience, and mindfulness levels. A total of 29 workers, recruited at a university hospital in the northeastern region of Brazil and distributed in two groups: Mindfulness (89.5% female, age mean 37.5 ± 6.23 years old); and Relaxation (90.0% female, age mean 34.2 ± 8.66). After eight weeks of daily mindfulness or relaxation practices, both groups significantly reduced the perceived stress and stress at work, and increased their mindfulness and resilience levels, as well as the physical and psychological quality of life domains. Our results suggest that both interventions may be effective in the organizational environment, assisting in health promotion and increasing the ability of individuals to recover from an adversity (resilience).


In this study, to develop hair growth agents using natural products which has excellent ability to promote hair growth effect and fewer side effect, animal experiment and clinical trials was performed to evaluate hair growth promotion effect of herbal product containing Rosa multiflora roots extracts as a main component (RMHP). 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were removed the dorsal hair using thioglycolate, and applied 15% EtOH solution as a negative control, 5% minoxidil as a positive control and RMHP to dorsal skin. In the results of macroscopy and photo-interpretation, RMHP group recorded 100% (+++++) of hair growth was proved to significantly stimulate hair growth against 80% (++++) negative control group. 37 patients were treated with RMHP and evaluated the therapeutic effect at 16 weeks. Hair density was significantly increased at 16 weeks after applying RMHP (125.0 ± 4.9 FU/㎠) compared to before treatment (104.3 ± 4.7 FU/㎠, p < 0.05), and hair thickness were also significantly increased (0.066 ± 0.003 ㎜) than before treatment (0.055 ± 0.002 ㎜, p < 0.05). The result of clinical photo-interpretation using 7-point rating scale assessment, after 16 weeks clinical symptoms were evaluated to significantly improve with 1.23 ± 0.05 (p < 0.05). Therefore, the results of this study were observed that RMHP have hair loss prevention effect and hair growth promotion effect to hair loss patients.


Advocacy is the core idea for "civic and political engagement" which Frumkin (2005) defined as the one of the four basic functions of NPOs. When it comes to advocacy, Skocpol (1999) called Washington-based advocacy groups which magnify polarized voice "advocates without members". Reviewing reality in Japan and considering Skocpol's idea, Pekkanen (2006) called Japanese civil society "members without advocates", which means that "Japan has a civil society with networks of association that support social capital and effective government without sustaining a professionalized advocacy community that can contribute new policy ideas or challenge current policies." One research question arises from his analysis: what is essential to make "professionalized advocacy community that can contribute new policy ideas or challenge current policies" in Japan?


and an examination to identify dental damage was performed by a dental surgeon postoperatively. Results: In predictive values for screening tests to predict the occurrence of dental injury, CBT (a test that combined the two screening tests) was higher than ULBT and MMT for specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy. The incidence of dental trauma among the levels of resident training was not significantly different. Conclusions: CBT, among the screening tests for predicting difficult intubation, will be helpful in the prediction of dental injury. The various levels of training of residents did not affect the incidence of dental injury during general anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2008; 54: 289∼94)


Network performance engineering can verify the design and dimensioning of large-scale control networks like CSMA-based building automation networks. It combines performance analysis with diagnosis methods to evaluate the network utilization and to detect design errors before installation and can therewith save the expenses of overdimensioning and redesign. This paper will develop a diagnosis model based on fault trees that is able to use the huge amount of performance analysis results to identify design errors and analyze their coherences. This enables not only a fast tracing back of fault causes and the derivation of solutions; it can also visualize the fault coherence to the user and help him to understand his design. Additional consulting tools implement best practice strategies, to support the user in parameterization.


Pseudo‐pseudo Meigs' syndrome is a rare entity of systemic lupus erythematosus, which is defined with the combination of pleural effusion, elevated serum CA‐125 levels, and ascites. It has similar clinical aspects with gynecological malignancies which may lead gynecologists to perform unnecessary surgeries and lab workouts. This review seeks to point out the importance of diagnosing pseudo‐pseudo Meig's syndrome (PPMS) and endeavors to inform gynecologists about the differential diagnoses.


The failure of analysts to understand OPEC behavior is traced in part to the use of naive textbook models of cartels. This paper compares and contrasts several paradigms of OPEC, which have been adopted explicitly or implicitly by the community of professional and academic analysts. A behavioral view of OPEC that highlights internal budgetary considerations and satisficing-type behavior by several OPEC producers is advanced. The implications for future prices and government policy are assessed. The return of competitive prices is predicted if consuming nations would stimulate further conservation and domestic production through an oil tariff.


This paper reviews the clinical research on the treatment of chronic prostatitis with traditional Chinese medicine in recent years. It is believed that the core of the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease lies in the deficiency of spleen and kidney, dampness heat, phlegm turbid and blood stasis toxin. If the disease lasts for a long time, the spleen and kidney become to the deficiency from excess. The internal treatment of traditional Chinese medicine includes syndrome differentiation, disease differentiation or single prescription, while the external treatment mainly includes herbal bathing, enema, anal administration and acupuncture. Traditional Chinese medicine has advantages in the treatment of this disease. We should continue to study the the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine for this disease, standardize the syndrome differentiation and treatment and outocmes evaluation, and carry out research on famous prescriptions on prostatitis.

Key words:
Prostatitis; Traditional Chinese medicine therapy; Research progress; Literature review


Background and Aim:  Balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B‐RTO) is a new alternative treatment for gastric varices (GVx), but the long‐term efficacy is not known. We investigated the long‐term effects of B‐RTO on rebleeding, prevention of first bleeding, mortality and occurrence of risky esophageal varices (EVx).


OF THE DISCLOSURE An aqueous solution of a strong electrolyte having evenly dispersed therethrough finely divided halogen-con taining vinyl polymer, said halogen-containing vinyl poly mer having been prepared by emulsion polymerization of a vinyl halide and/or a vinylidene halide followed by washing with a water soluble alcohol until the emulsifier used during polymerization process is separated from the particulate halogen-containing vinyl polymer particles. This invention relates to the provision of aqueous spin ning dopes for fibers of acrylonitrile. More particularly it relates to such aqueous spinning dopes having evenly dispersed therethrough a finely divided halogen-contain ing vinyl polymer such as poly(vinyl chloride), poly (vinylidene chloride) poly(vinyl bromide) or poly(vinyli dene bromide). It relates further to fibers prepared from the foregoing spinning dopes. Still further, it relates to the provision of such finely divided vinyl halide or vinylidene halide polymers in a form which is capable of forming stable dispersions in aqueous electrolytes. As used in this application, the expression "halogen containing vinyl polymers' is intended to include homo polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride, vinyl bro mide, vinylidene chloride and vinylidene bromide. It is well known that fibers of acrylonitrile can be made flame resistant by the presence in the fiber of a com pound of antimony and another compound to act as a source of chlorine or bromine. Many compounds capable of acting as the chlorine or bromine source are known. The choice of which of these compounds to employ in any given situation depends on various factors. One of these factors is the solvent which is used to form the spinning dope, since not all sources of chlorine or bro mine are compatible with all available spinning solvents. For example, there are both inorganic and organic sol vents which can be used for polyacrylonitrile dopes. Some chlorine or bromine compounds can be used in spinning dopes based on organic solvents, but not in spinning dopes based on inorganic solvents. Thus, halogen-containing vinyl polymers are a group of materials which are solu ble in spinning dopes based on organic solvents, but neither soluble nor homogeneously dispersible in inorganic solvents. Thus, when it is attempted to disperse finely divided halogen-containing vinyl polymers throughout an inorganic spinning dope, the particles, instead of forming an even dispersion, tend to coalesce and form agglom erates. These agglomerates make the spinning dope total ly impractical to use and they indicate a non-homogeneous system, which upon being forced through a spinnerette used in the fiber-making process causes plugging of the fine orifices in the spinnerettes. In general, these non homogeneous spinning dopes result in the preparation of inferior and commercially unacceptable fibers. Prior to the present invention, when fibers of acrylonitrile were prepared from aqueous spinning dopes, there was no practical means of homogeneously incorporating finely di 20


Many mathematicians, Permat and Halley amongst them, tried to find out what they meant, but without success, until B . Simson in 1723, by a sort of inspired guess (see his Opera qucedam reliqua), suggested tha t the words VTTT'IOV and Trapmnlov denoted four-sided figures, the latter with, and the former without a re-entrant angle. No reference to these meanings is given by Liddell and Scott, and perhaps a few words of explanation may be of interest to the readers of the Math. Gazette. VITTIOS is a word of common occurrence, and means extended a t full length, supinus. Applying this with reference to the quadrilateral ABCD in Fig. 1, the sides BC, CD are drawn away from the sides AB, AD.


Martha E. Williams (1934-2007) defined herself early in her career as an information scientist, joining the American Documentation Institute in 1958. This article explores her multifaceted contributions to shaping the field over more than four decades. Emphasis is on three spheres in which she had the greatest impact: her research in information retrieval, her work as editor of the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology and president of the American Society for Information Science, and her activities related to the online database industry.


AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) is phosphorylated (AMPK-P) in response to low energy through allosteric activation by Adenosine mono- or diphosphate (AMP/ADP). Folliculin (FLCN) and the FLCN-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (FNIP1, 2) modulate AMPK. FNIP1 deficiency patients have a AMPK-P gain of function phenotype with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolff-Parkinson-White pre-excitation syndrome, myopathy of skeletal muscles and combined immunodeficiency.


This paper describes a restriction on pointer usage in C language for parallelism extraction by an automatic parallelizing compiler. By rewriting programs to satisfy the restriction, automatic parallelization using flow-sensitive, context-sensitive pointer analysis on an 8 cores SMP server achieved 3.80 times speedup for SPEC2000 art, 6.17 times speedup for SPEC2006 lbm and 5.14 times speedup for MediaBench mpeg2enc against the sequential execution, respectively.


In the most nitty-gritty, pragmatic terms, a single patient presenting with medically unexplained symptoms, or MUS, can lead to a frustrating series of experiences for the primary care clinician or primary care team as well as for the patient.1,2 Perhaps the latent power inherent in such frustration can be rechannelled fruitfully by reframing the wall we are up against in this kind of clinical situation. Whether we know it or not, everything we understand is appreciated within a frame, and that frame cannot but have philosophical underpinnings.

In this light, America has always been the land of pragmatism, yet at the far reaches of practical thinking we can discover non-linear, unusual wisdom that takes us beyond our usual practical logic. In 1844, for example, the iconic American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that 'Every wall is a door.'3 But a door to what? In 2001, the poet Wendell Berry wrote that patience is our door from time to eternity.4

Faced with an exceptional clinical puzzle in which our habitual approaches of differential diagnosis and treatment are stymied, we are invited as it were to embark upon an unexpected journey. This is indeed a potential step or series of steps from our time-bound world to a timeless world where other rules apply. We are forced, for one thing, to slow down; we are required, for another, to be more present to our patient, and to begin to follow our nose and to ask questions that are not quite in our routine repertoire. In other words, we move in these circumstances from the relationship described by Martin Buber as 'I–It' to the relationship he called 'I–Thou.'5,6

'I–Thou' is where deeper healing is possible, and where all initiation happens; healing and initiation that apply not only to the patient, but also to the provider. The hunter, one might say, is captured by the game, and the word 'game' here, needless to say, takes on a double meaning.

Sooner or later, illness is one of those mysteries that will indeed initiate us, if we give it the chance. No doctor, no matter how rational and competent he or she may be, stands above this mystery and is immune to it. The presentation of bodily distress syndrome is quite often an initiatory trigger, an entry point into the I–Thou world of mystery, where listening to the patient and to one's own hunches, one's own intuitive self, come into play in a whole new set of ways. It offers the opportunity to embark upon a mutual journey of inquiry and dialogue with the patient in a far more profound mode than usual.

It is not as if we drop the quest for clarity, for making the unknown known, but rather we approach it with a growing respect for the unknown. The unknown will yield its treasures and its insights at its own pace, not our own. And our wish for certainty becomes sobered by the sense of uncertainty that we grow able to bear more patiently. This becomes clearer in the clinical situations where we recognise that our clinical models and skills are just not up to the task at hand.

The wonderful spiritual writer Henri Nouwen, a Catholic priest, taught at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana for several years. He reports that a colleague mused to him, 'I have often walked across the campus to try to get down to work, but have detoured again and again to speak with a student or someone else. It's eventually dawned on me that the detours are my work.'7 The detours on the way to solving a clinical problem are as much our work as anything else, although that goes against our own impatient pragmatism. They are an integral part of the process of the wall becoming a door. They help us to begin to embrace the process as just as worthy and meaningful as the goal that we seek.

The Eastern traditions have tended to cultivate a greater regard for the sacred mysteries, and for the limited ability of our rational selves to comprehend them, than those in Western culture. In Zen Buddhism, for instance, 'not knowing' is valued at least as highly as 'knowing.' And in Zen we are faced with a set of 'koans', enigmatic sayings or stories, that embody the mystery of life and that the student of Zen is invited to ponder. One such tale recounts how the master asks for his rhino fan, the fan made from the ivory of the rhino's tusk. The disciple replies sheepishly, 'I am sorry, the rhino fan is broken.' The master smiles and shouts to his student, 'Well then, bring me the rhino!'8

The medically unexplained symptoms that a desperate patient brings to you are your own broken rhino fan. This apparent failure presents a fundamental challenge. If we are open to this challenge, rather than indulging in our frequent and understandable manoeuvres to avoid it, this can quickly become a doorway through which the living rhino can enter. The rhino itself, in contrast to the relic of the fan, is the mystery of life, the dynamism of the I–Thou relationship. It cannot be identified or captured by our categories. And the bond that is forged between doctor and patient when even a fragment of this life enters the room during the arduous mutual search to find a solution to this particular patient's pain is perhaps as precious an accomplishment as complete relief from the pain itself. Furthermore, this bond lays the groundwork for many good things, including the patient developing new inner resources for coping.

A Sufi saying expresses all of this in a more extreme way than any of us in our results-oriented world would want to accept wholeheartedly: 'A solved problem is as useful to a man's mind as a broken sword on the battlefield.'9 This startling statement contains a point that we overlook at our own peril, and to our own slowly growing discomfort. When we fully bypass its wisdom, we become walking recipes for burnout. We learn to be more effective doctors when we embrace its insight at least to some degree, when we come to love the journey to a solution as much as the solution itself. This is true pragmatism, the type that Emerson would no doubt fully endorse.


The article is an analytical review of the key goals of modern higher education in Russia and abroad. It also contains an analysis of their influence on the competencies presented in the federal state educational standards (FGOS) on the example of FGOS3 + and 3 ++ for the majour in Linguistics 45.03.02. Article purpose – to describe the key purposes of modern higher education on the basis of the review of scientific resources and trace through the ways these trends influence the competences of federal state educational standards of the higher education (on the example of standard 45.03.02. "Linguistics"). Methods of a research include the analysis of relevant scientific resources and also content the analysis of federal state educational standard of specialty 45.03.02. "Linguistics" of two generations. Results of the research. The main result of the study is the detailed analysis of the leading trends in modern education, which made it possible to highlight the main requirements for the competencies of a modern specialist, based on data from current scientific resources containing information on key trends in higher education, the role of a competenсy-based approach in the goal-setting of modern higher education. The analysis of these requirements was applied during the subsequent content analysis of the competencies of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Linguistics 45.03.02 of the last two generations (2014 and 2020), implemented at the Novosibirsk State Technical University.


Objective: This study sought to evaluate the effect of 10-year ASCVD (Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease) risk and blood pressure (BP) on subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic diabetic individuals. Design and method: We analyzed 739 asymptomatic diabetic individuals (mean age 55.5 ± 7.3 years; 541 [73.2%] men) with no prior history of coronary artery disease who voluntarily underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as part of a general health examination. The classification of BP was adapted from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2017 guideline. Study participants were categorized as low (<15%) and high ASCVD risk (> = 15%) groups, respectively. Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was defined as the presence of any coronary plaque by CCTA. Results: In subjects with low ASCVD risk (n = 498), after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was not associated with elevated BP, stage 1, and stage 2 hypertension groups compared with normal BP group (P for all > 0.05). On the other hand, in subjects with high ASCVD risk (n = 241), there was no statistically difference in the adjusted odds ratios of both elevated BP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.068; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.703–6.080; P = 0.187) and stage 1 hypertension groups (aOR, 1.533; 95% CI, 0.679–3.459; P = 0.304) for the presence of any coronary plaque. However, the stage 2 hypertension group had a significant association with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (aOR, 4.127; 95% CI, 1.592–10.696; P = 0.004). Conclusions: In asymptomatic diabetic individuals with low ASCVD risk, BP levels were not associated with an increased risk of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. However, in those with high ASCVD risk, stage 2 hypertension was only associated with an increased risk of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. These results suggest that hypertension management may be different in diabetic individuals according to the their ASCVD risk.


Mast cells are immune effector cells that can store a wide range of inflammatory mediators in their granules, with important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Mast cell activation can be triggered by the crosslinking of two or more high affinity receptors for IgE (Fc?RI) by IgE and antigen/allergen binding to the alpha subunit, which induces the aggregation of the receptors and transphosphorylation of the beta and gamma subunits. This activation triggers the release of powerful mediators such as histamine, proteases, proteoglycans, prostaglandins and leukotrienes among others. These mediators act upon local and systemic tissue receptors and induce symptoms such as, flushing, puritus, hives, angioedema, bronchoconstriccion, diarrhea, vomiting, hypotension and cardiovascular collapse, which can lead to death in a few minutes (anaphylaxis) in patients sensitized to drugs, foods or environmental allergens.
IgE-mediated mast cell activation through the Fc?RI, during type I hypersensivity reactions, has been implicated in diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and drug and food allergies and anaphylaxis. The prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing the last 30 years in developed countries with poor exposure to the sun and parasites (hygiene hypothesis). Reactions to essential drugs are also increasing because patients live longer and better due to better treatment options and targeted therapies. Thus prolonged exposure to the drugs induces sensitization in a significant proportion of this patient's population. For patients sensitized to a first line medication for the treatment of cancer or a serious infection, the allergy to such drug may increase the morbidity and reduce their life span. For patients sensitized to certain foods, allergic reactions can occur when eating cross-contaminated or cross-reactive foods even in patients who do consistent avoidance of the offending foods.
 To overcome avoidance for the patients in need of first line therapy, rapid drug desensitization protocols have been generated for type I hypersensitivity reactions. These protocols have become an essential tool which allows the delivery of therapeutic doses of the offending drug in a relatively short time and in an effective and safe way with minimal risk for the patients.
 IgE sensitized patients present positive skin test to the specific drug implicated in the reaction, which indicates that mast cells and IgE are the main cellular and molecular targets implicated in allergic reactions. After rapid drug desensitization, the specific skin test becomes negative, which demonstrates a profound inhibition of mast cell activation. Because mechanisms underlying the inhibition of mast cell responses are not completely understood and due to its clinical importance and relevance, it is critical to identify the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the temporary tolerance induced by rapid desensitization.
Initial studies of in vitro mouse mast cell desensitizations showed that incubation of mast cells with non-activating antigen doses and in the absence of calcium, induces the inhibition of the activation with optimal doses once the calcium is re-introduced. Similar results were obtained in human basophils, inducing inhibition of cellular activation with repetitive suboptimal doses of antigen or anti-IgE added at regular intervals or for a prolonged period of time. But calcium-free conditions cannot possibly be applied to human desensitizations. Few studies have undertaken physiological desensitizations of mast cells and basophils examining their releasability following hours to days of culture with low levels of antigen or anti-IgE antibody in calcium-containing medium, resulting in full desensitization.
In this PhD thesis, we propose a mouse mast cell rapid desensitization protocol in physiological calcium conditions. We study and analize the desensitization process, characterizing its kinetics and proving the reproducibility, the effectiveness and the versatility of the protocol. This protocol uses two important allergens: dinitrophenyl (DNP), which has been validated in a previous study and ovalbumin (OVA), moreover, the protocol can be used for murine bone marrow mast cells (m-BMMCs) and a rat basophilic leukemia cell line (RBL-2H3) and it can be adapted to different target doses (1, 5 and 10 ng for DNP and 10 and 50 ng for OVA). Desensitized mast cells show an almost complete inhibition of degranulation, calcium flux, arachidonic acid metabolism for prostaglandin and leukotriene generation, IL-6 and TNF-? synthesis and STAT6, LAT and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Thus, rapid desensitization inhibits all hallmarks of mast cell activation.
 The model provides insight into the specificity of the rapid desensitization process since DNP desensitized mast cells fully respond to OVA and vice versa. Even more importantly, we show that the mechanism of impaired activation is due to the luck of internalization of the antigen/IgE/Fc?RI complex. This model for the first time offers an initial mechanistic approach to rapid desensitizations and validates the safety of human desensitizations. Furthermore, this study may constitute an important tool for the development of improved and safer protocols for drug and food desensitizations.


This category recognises good design and technology in the vehicle itself. The panel considered hardware, software, engineering and computing innovations that can be applied to advance and enhance vehicle dynamic setups


I am glad that my tentative criticisms have made Drs. Molesworth and Riddle define their position more clearly. I agree that they did not actually say that the intermediate areas received two pastilles, but this seemed to me to he implied in their argument. I have referred the authors' original paper and also their replies to Prof. F. L. Hopwood, Physicist to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and he says : " It appears to be quite clear that: " 1. The so-called ' sine law ' is not correct. " 2. In photographic work the angle of incidence does make a difference (but to an extent which will vary with the quality of the radiation). " 3. The naked-eye estimation of the darkening of a photographic film is unreliable, and quantitative results cannot be satisfactorily obtained in this way. " 4. The authors should therefore check their photographic method by an ionization one. " A pinhole photo of an X-ray target will show that the focus is not a point, and that an appreciable (not large) amount of radiation comes from the whole area of the target. This would tend to produce a more uniform irradiation over a hemisphere than is obtainable with a point source." I have recently seen a paper by Dr. Epstein of Breslau, which I hope I may be able to publish in due course, which tends to support the views of Drs. Molesworth and Riddle.


A new rotor twister is used to fabricate spun-like filament yarns. The raw material, draw-textured yarn (DTY), becomes as the core yarn and the wrapping yarn. During twisting, the core yarn passes through a pair of emery wheels to make the surface hairy. In this experiment, the rotor speed, twist multiplier, number of emery wheels, and denier of the DTY are varied. The effects of these parameters on tenacity, elongation, and hairiness numbers are examined and discussed. Reducing the number of emery wheels increases hairiness but reduces tenacity and elongation. The twist multiplier influences both tenacity and elongation. Increasing the twist multiplier reduces the hairiness numbers but increases yarn strength. In addition, increasing the speed of the emery wheels under fixed processing conditions increases hairiness but also reduces the tenacity and elongation of the spun-like filament yarns.


Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)-induced nonlinear degradation of an L-band gallium arsenide-based low-noise amplifier (LNA) is studied by an injection experiment, failure analysis, and mixed-mode simulation. The experimental results indicate that the real-time response, radio frequency, and direct current characteristic of LNA samples under an EMP show nonlinear and permanent degradation features. In detail, the characteristics first degrade and then recover slightly as the injection power increases. In addition, the nonlinear degradation shows a close dependence on the pulse properties. Failure analysis reveals that the degradation of the LNA is attributed to latent failure defects under and around the gate metal strip of the first-stage high electron mobility transistor, with recovery well interpreted by an EMP-induced "annealing effect." Simulation results show that if the pulse repetition frequency is smaller than 2.5 kHz, a pulse repetition-induced thermal accumulation effect will not occur and that the pulsewidth τ will mainly determine the actual action duration and the temperature of the "annealing effect." Based on the above mechanism, the dependence of the pulse properties on nonlinear degradation is well explained.


Objective To study the effect of exercise on behavior and serum levels of cortisol,interleukin-2(IL-2)and interleukin-8(IL-8) in rats under chronic psychological stress. Method SD rats under chronic psychological stress were given swim-training for 6 weeks,then observing their ethological changes by open-field test and tail-suspension test,and the contents of cortisol,IL-2 and IL-8 in serum of rats were also detected. Result (1) The serum IL-2 and IL-8 levels of chronic psychological stress group were significantly lower than that of control group(P0.05),while their cortisol level was significantly higher than that of control group(P0.01). The serum IL-2 and IL-8 levels in 60 min exercise group were significantly higher than that in control group(P0.05),while the serum cortisol level was significantlv lower than that in control group(P0.05),but the serum IL-2 and IL-8 levels in both exercise groups,whether 30 min or 60 min,were significantly higher than that in stress group(P0.01),and the cortisol level was significantly lower than that in stress group(P0.01).(2)The open-field test showed that there was remarkable difference between chronic stess group and the control group,the tail suspension test had the same result. Conclusion Chronic psychological stress might induce abnormal behavior of rats,which might related to that the overrelease of cortisol from hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axon,thereby induce the inhibition of immune function; while proper exercise could improve the adaptation of HPA axon,reduce the release of cortisol,which could be the possible mechanism of maintaining the stability of immune function and regulate psychological stress level.


The measurement techniques for organizations which have achieved the Software Engineering Institutes CMMI Maturity Levels 4 and 5 are well documented. On the other hand, how to effectively measure when an organization is Maturity Level 3 is less well understood, especially when there is no consistency in tool use and there is extensive tailoring of the organizational software processes. Most organizations fail in their attempts to generate, collect, and analyze standard process improvement metrics under these conditions. But at JPL, NASA's prime center for deep space robotic exploration, we have a long history of proving there is always a solution: It just may not be what you expected. In this paper we describe the wide variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques we have been implementing over the last few years, including the various approaches used to communicate the results to both software technical managers and senior managers.


The paper is intended to analyze attacks in mobile ad hoc networks using vulnerabilities in network protocols with the use of different models and methods. Structure and characteristics of Ad-Hoc networks as information security objects and targets of attack are analyzed. Based on the results of that analysis, different discovered vulnerabilities and methods of attack on network protocols used in such networks are given. In sight of discovered vulnerabilities, further possible behavior of attacker and prospective objects of attacks are considered. Role of information security requirements for ensuring security of wireless Ad-Hoc networks are shown. In the end, conclusions about the need for development of new information security methods for these networks are provided.


We sought to determine the contribution of scaffold topography to the migration and morphology of neural stem cells by mimicking features of scaffolds found in vivo. We mimicked two types of CNS scaffolds encountered by neural stem cells during development in vitro by constructing different diameter electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber mats, a substrate that we have shown to be topographically similar to brain scaffolds. We compared the effects of large fibers (made to mimic blood vessel topography) with those of small diameter fibers (made to mimic radial glial process topography) on the migration and differentiation of neural stem cells. Neural stem cells showed differential migratory and morphological reactions with laminin in different topographical contexts. We demonstrate, for the first time, that neural stem cell biological responses to laminin are dependent on topographical context. Topography‐induced cell morphology changes were inhibited by nocodazole, but not by cytochalasin‐D or ROCK‐inhibitor, suggesting that microtubule function is necessary for topography‐induced morphology changes. We propose that the physical structure of distinct scaffolds induces unique signaling cascades that regulate migration and morphology in embryonic neural progenitor cells.


Purpose – The aim of this study is to determine key factors and processes for multinational companies (MNCs) to develop an effective stakeholder engagement and sustainable development (SD) framework. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative multiple-case approach was used. A triangulation method was adopted (interviews, archival documents and observations) to collect data on three global firms (MNCs). Nine senior executives were interviewed for this study (three from each firm). An initial literature review was conducted to explore possible practices and factors (the deductive approach) to SD. Interview data were analysed using Nvivo to obtain appropriate nodes and themes for the framework. A comparison of findings from interview data, archival data, factors, themes and cross cases comparison were used to develop the final conceptual framework (the inductive approach). Findings – The results suggested that stakeholder engagement is a key mediator between "stakeholder network" (internal and external fac...


Realization of the Common Market competition in health care medical ethics quality of health care and position of the patient pharmaceuticals health care management health care professionals public and private health insurance.


Domain Name System (DNS) is one of the most common and vital services on the Internet. Attackers take advantage of DNS tunneling to bypass firewalls for data exfiltration, which has been a significant risk in cyber security. Although there are studies on DNS tunneling detection, few are concerned with low-throughput data exfiltration over DNS tunnels. This paper proposes a low-throughput data exfiltration detection method via time-frequency domain analysis on DNS traffic. We conduct the time and frequency domain analysis on time windows of DNS traffic in different granularities. The frequency domain features effectively encode sequential information of the packet sequences, which sketch malicious patterns in low-throughput DNS tunnels. We evaluate our method on the DNS traffic of an enterprise network. Experimental results exhibit that our method significantly outperforms the existing approach in detecting low-throughput data exfiltration over DNS tunnels.


The criminal responsibility of officials in environmental protection is particularly important but the identification is complex.When the duty behavior of officials damages the environment,it shall be dealt in accordance with the criminal law on the abuse of rights;if there are no related provisions,it shall be considered whether it is the accomplices or indirect principal.The omission offense of official includes two categories,i.e.not to revoke the illegal approval or license and quit for the illegal acts of environmental damage.If the status of a guarantor is confirmed,the official can become an environmental crime because of omission offense.Identification of the status of the guarantor should consider both form and substance.


Survivin,a novel anti-apoptotic gene found recently,can express a kind of protein which its molecular weight is the least and apoptosis suppression effect is the strongest.It is closely bound up with cell division and cell proliferation,which has been a hot spot in the study of nowdays.The article make a review about Survivin's structure,distribution,biological functions,its relationship with cervical carcinoma and prognosis of cervical carcinoma.


In this paper are analyzed the technological consumptions, that occur in cuts at the felling at beech trees. Felled trees of beech were analyzed in terms of base diameter and cut surface. The cut surface was determined previous using photo images of the stump and notch. For the determination of the technological consumptions it was measured also the cut width for four different sharpening angles.


Primary school in Kosovska Mitrovica under its current name 'Branko Radicevic' was founded in 1920. It has had successful development in every aspect of education ever since. The school built of solid material with four classrooms and one staffroom was erected by Kosovska Mitrovica citizen's donations. After its completion it turned out to be one of most beautiful buildings in this town. After the World War II it was named as 'Prva osnovna skola' (The First Serbian primary school). Due to the number rise of children and the fact the existing facilities were insufficient a new school was built in Lisic Polje. The school was renamed in 1956 as 'Branko Radicevic' after the famous poet from the Serbian Romantic period. The school is nearing anniversary of a century long successful work. During that time a numerous number of generations of pupils went to the school.


Mycobacterium bovis AN5 sonic extraetwas fractionated using get permeation and anion exchange chromatography. The immunoreactivity of fractionated antigens was evaluated using M. bovis AN5 serum in ELISA. Out of several fractionated regions obtained from the sonic extract, the more immunogenic regions were heterogenous polypetides of 68 and 71kDa and 79 and 81 leDa and homogenous polypeptides of 56 and 48kDa molecular masses. These 4 fractionated antigens showed a greater reactive response to anti M. bollis serum in ELISA. Imrnunoblotting on one diamensional SDS PAGE separated sonic extract revealed 8 seroreactive bands of 81, 71, 65, 56,28,22,18 and 14kDa. Most of the fractionated antigens showed cross reactivity with other Mycobacterium spp. in ELISA except 56kDa antigens which showed less cross reactivity in ELISA. It is concluded that these antigens might be possessing imrnunodominant epnopes for the humoral and cellular responses.


The passing of risks is one of the core systems of sales contract of goods and also one of the issues legislators shall consider seriously. The Draft Common Frame of Reference( DCFR) has adopted the principle of delivery due to its advantages. However,with the introduction of the conception of consumers and the rising of consumer protection theories,the traditional principle of delivery and its specific rules will inevitably cause unfairness when applied in consumer sales contract. Therefore,it is definitely necessary to stipulate special provisions on passing of risks in the consumer sales contract.


Given two graphs $G$ and $H$, we define $\textsf{v-cover}_{H}(G)$ (resp. $\textsf{e-cover}_{H}(G)$) as the minimum number of vertices (resp. edges) whose removal from $G$ produces a graph without any minor isomorphic to ${H}$. Also $\textsf{v-pack}_{H}(G)$ (resp. $\textsf{v-pack}_{H}(G)$) is the maximum number of vertex- (resp. edge-) disjoint subgraphs of $G$ that contain a minor isomaorphic to $H$. We denote by $\theta_r$ the graph with two vertices and $r$ parallel edges between them. When $H=\theta_r$, the parameters $\textsf{v-cover}_{H}$, $\textsf{e-cover}_{H}$, $\textsf{v-pack}_{H}$, and $\textsf{v-pack}_{H}$ are NP-hard to compute (for sufficiently big values of $r$). Drawing upon combinatorial results in [Minors in graphs of large $\theta_r$-girth, Chatzidimitriou et al., arXiv:1510.03041], we give an algorithmic proof that if $\textsf{v-pack}_{\theta_r}(G)\leq k$, then $\textsf{v-cover}_{\theta_r}(G) = O(k\log k)$, and similarly for $\textsf{v-pack}_{\theta_r}$ and $\textsf{e-cover}_{\theta_r}$. In other words, the class of graphs containing ${\theta_r}$ as a minor has the vertex/edge Erd\H{o}s-P\'osa property, for every positive integer $r$. Using the algorithmic machinery of our proofs, we introduce a unified approach for the design of an $O(\log {\rm OPT})$-approximation algorithm for $\textsf{v-pack}_{\theta_r}$, $\textsf{v-cover}_{\theta_r}$, $\textsf{v-pack}_{\theta_r}$, and $\textsf{e-cover}_{\theta_r}$ that runs in $O(n\cdot \log(n)\cdot m)$ steps. Also, we derive several new Erd\H{o}s-P\'osa-type results from the techniques that we introduce.


Even though the fashion consumption of men has increased there are differences in consumption in relation to women. Men's consumer behaviour becomes more similar to women's consumer behaviour, whic ...


This research study of descriptive correlational type of transversal cross, was carried out in the Leoncio Prado Hospital in the town of Huamachuco, province of Sanchez Carrion, of the department of La Libertad, during the months of June – October, 2010, with the purpose of determining the relationship of sociocultural factors: age, educational level and origin with the care quality level that the mother offer to her girls and boys underage two years old .The sample consisted of 200 mothers selected according to criteria set for inclusion. Data collection was obtained through the application of the instrument called: Survey: "Care of the child underage two years old" Scale to value the maternal sociocultural factors and care quality level of the child, it was utilized the survey and verify the clinical history, respecting the ethical principles of anonymity, confidentiality and free participation. The data obtained wcalcere tabulated, processed SPSS version 15 and presented in simple and double entry tables, with numerical and percentage frequencies, as well as graphics. An analysis of the relationship factors, was conducted by the test of independence criteria square Chi (X2).
Find the following conclusions:
1. Of all mothers in the survey, the 32% of mothers are between 21 and 27 years old, the 43% of mothers have complete primary and the 51.5% of mothers are of urban origin.
2. The 85.5% of mothers give an inappropriate care, y el 14.5% of them give appropriate care.
3. The sociocultural factors of the mothers that relate meaningfully with the care quality level of the child are: age, educational level and origin.


PURPOSE: To obtain the subject derivative shortened in N-terminal, usable for the replication of a large quantity of nucleic acid, and consisting of a thermostable DNA polymerase derived from Thermus aquaticus and catalyzing the linking of nucleotide triphosphate because of forming a nucleic acid chain complementary to the template chain of nucleic acid. CONSTITUTION: An enzyme corresponding to this thermostable DNA polymerase has the following properties: deoxyribonucleotide 5'-triphosphate's α-phosphate is covalently bound to the 3'-hydroxyl group of (poly)oligonucleotide annealed to a template DNA so as to catalyze the reaction of introducing deoxyribonucleotide 5'-monophosphate into deoxyribonucleic acid in a template- dependent way. This enzyme is shortened compared to natural enzyme, and as shown in the figure, encoded by one coding region, and contains an amino acid sequence affording a molecular weight of about 60 KDa. COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO


ABSTRACT This article demonstrates why Husserl struggled to understand the conditions of possibility of false memory, and how only the genetic dimension of his phenomenology enabled him to conceive of a specifically mnemic form of falsehood. For a false memory to deceive us, we must trust that it is true, but in order to have a phenomenology of its falsehood, the memory must appear as false. Husserl's theory of false memory responds to both of these demands by showing how distorting syntheses (repression, filling-in, re-touching) conceal themselves, without making it impossible to discover their distorting effects. Key to meeting these two demands is Husserl's account of how the unconscious functions as the "untrue" basis of memory, and how all recollections (both true and false) require affective, associative syntheses between present conscious experience and past unconscious experience, syntheses that are subject to many vicissitudes.


related to the subsections of this guideline. The writing group produced the draft guideline, which was subsequently revised by consensus by members of the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Task Force of the BCSH. The guideline was then reviewed by a sounding board of British haematologists, the BCSH and the British Society for Haematology Committee and comments incorporated where appropriate. The 'GRADE' system was used to quote levels and grades of evidence, details of which can be found at http://www.bcshguidelines.com. The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear, up-to-date, and practical guidance on the management of TTP and related thrombotic microangiopathies, defined by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia (MAHA) and small vessel thrombosis.


The Biorefinery for Food, Fuel and Materials 2013 symposium addresses the challenge of how we can use biomass from a variety of sources in an efficient and economical way. This will become possible once we are able to separate individual components from biomass in such a way as to allow them to be used in the most economical or ecological manner.


There is overwhelming consensus today that passively allowing someone to die in medical contexts is sometimes morally permissible and desirable. Active euthanasia, however, remains controversial. The legal systems and the medical establishments of both the United States and Canada maintain absolute, formal prohibitions against direct killing in medical settings. This clearly reflects the deep-seated belief, evident throughout our cultural and religious history, that there is some important moral difference between killing and allowing to die. Yet much that has been written recently on this topic by philosophers has denied moral relevance for this distinction. While this general conclusion appears to have gained popularity, especially within philosophy, the reasons advanced for it seem inconclusive to some. In what follows I examine the principal philosophical argument for the claim of irrelevance. I then develop an alternative view that, to my knowledge, has not been distinctly articulated in the current literature. I begin, however, with a preliminary discussion of the intuitive basis of the distinction between killing and letting die.


Absence epilepsy, the most common epilepsy of childhood, consists of brief seizures characterized by sudden, transient loss of consciousness, behavioural arrest and a spike-and-wave discharge (SWD)-dominated EEG pattern, which can occur up to hundreds of times per day. It is widely accepted that in both human and genetic rodent models these SWDs are initiated in a hyperexcitable cortical focus and ictal activity is promptly generalized via corticocortical and thalamocortical connections. There are ample experimental demonstrations on the spiking dynamics of the major components of the thalamocortical loop during absence seizures. However, very little is known about the way cortical microcircuitry participates in seizure activity, and in particular the role of cortical interneurons remains to be elucidated. Furthermore, although the genotypic and phenotypic variations of absence epilepsy are well studied, still we have scarce knowledge on epileptogenesis in the seizure-susceptible brain. Therefore pre-existing epileptogenic conditions and seizure-induced alterations of the thalamocortical circuitry have yet to be separated – if this is possible. The study of Studer et al. (2019) in a recent issue of The Journal of Physiology shines new light on these questions. The authors performed a comparative anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioural study of genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) and non-epileptic Wistar rats in order to identify possible alterations due to the recurrent seizures. First, based on the spectral and temporal characteristics of local field potentials of seizures, they precisely localized for the first time the seizure initiation zone inside the somatosensory cortex, which was found to be in the whisker region (S1Bf). Histological analysis of the putative seizure-onset zone revealed that GAERS expressed an increased density of somatostatin positive (SST) and parvalbumin positive (PV) interneurons in layers 4 and 5 of the somatosensory cortex, respectively, compared to the non-epileptic controls. Studer et al. (2019) reported important structural differences between the epileptic and healthy rodent brain, but their study could not differentiate whether these alterations are contributors to the epileptogenesis or part of a compensatory mechanism which tries to dampen the effect of seizures on the cortical circuitry. It is known that during epileptogenesis SWDs progressively become more synchronous with a sharper, more pronounced spike component, reflecting that cortical units are firing more and more synchronously driven by the seizure activity (Jarre et al. 2017). Considering the temporal pattern of the PV cells' activity (Pouille and Scanziani, 2004), the increased density of PV cells in layer 5 might account for the evolution of the SWD waveform during epileptogenesis, which can constrain the firing of excitatory cells into a narrow temporal windows within each SWD cycle, comparable to the width of the spike component of SWDs ( 20 ms; Jarre et al. 2017). The spectral profile of these sharp troughs can also serve as an explanation for the increased gamma power and SWD–gamma phase amplitude coupling during seizures, which was reported by the authors. Therefore, it is possible that the previously reported gradual change of SWD waveform parallels the increase of PV interneuron number in layer 5, and thus PV cells could be contributors to epileptogenesis. An important aspect is whether these interneurons follow the same local connectivity rules as those in healthy animals. In the healthy brain, layer 4 SST neurons predominantly target local PV interneurons (Tremblay et al. 2016) and the activity of SST neurons is responsible for silencing other interneurons. Thus, via disinhibition, SST cells might strengthen the seizures instead of dampening ictal activity. In contrast, if one hypothesizes that PV cells actively contribute to epileptogenesis by fine-tuning pyramidal cells during the spike components of SWDs, then the reported excess SST neuron pool in layer 4 could serve as a compensatory mechanism to dampen the reverberation of the thalamocortical loop in seizures. To judge if this is the case, it is critical to investigate the anatomical connectivity and firing dynamics of these interneurons during and between seizures. In light of the differences of the cortical interneuron population, Studer et al. (2019) sought to investigate whether any functional deficiency of the epileptic cortex can be identified. They performed multi-unit activity (MUA) and current source density (CSD) analysis on sensory evoked potentials induced by air-puffs; then a texture discrimination test was performed to evaluate the behavioural correlates of the altered cortical microcircuitry. Interestingly, evoked potentials were delayed in GAERS and MUA revealed that cellular entrainment was also different as multi-units were not only activated around the peak of the evoked potential as expected, but 300 ms later a secondary peak of firing was observed. It is somewhat surprising that no sign of this secondary activation was present on the CSD map of the evoked potentials. This clearly requires further investigations to reveal how such a massive concurrent activation of all the layers 2/3, 4 and 5/6 can occur without any obvious sinks or sources on the CSD map. Despite the altered microstructure and evoked potential kinetics, no difference between GAERS and non-epileptic Wistar rats in a texture discrimination test was detectable, and therefore the authors suggest that the sensory circuits of the somatosensory cortex are still able to process whisker-related information. A recent study by Hong et al. (2018), which showed that even in the complete absence of barrel cortex mice are capable of performing whisker-related tasks, provides a cautionary note. In light of this, it is possible that the methods used by Studer et al. (2019) might underestimate the functional impairment of somatosensory cortex, given that other brain regions are able to compensate for the missing or non-functional somatosensory cortex. The work of Studer et al. (2019) revealed important structural alterations of the epileptic brain of GAERS and highlighted that the altered structure of the somatosensory cortex might process sensory information in a substantially


Far from realists' expectations about rising powers' incentives to reshape international institutions, China has cautiously pursued global leadership on her way to becoming a great power. Since the 1980s, China has followed the low-profile strategy, which implies that hegemony is too costly for her to bear, and that it is much wiser for China not to procure global leadership. Nevertheless, the United States' rebalancing strategy has pushed China to adjust the traditional low-profile strategy into calls of establishing a new type of great power relationships with the United States and other great powers like Brazil in the Latin America. This paper will first describe China's self-evaluation concerning her power positing in the changing global power redistribution. Then, the goal and the content of China's strategy of establishing a new type of great power relationships will be explored in the second part. How China manages to keep a relative peaceful environment for her power rising will constitute part three. The paper concludes that China is an unprepared world power with neither the intention to trigger the hegemonic transformation nor the capabilities to bear the costly task of global governance.


This work proposes, implements and discusses a hybrid Bayes/genetic collaboration (VOGAC-MarkovPC) designed to induce conditional independence Bayesian classifiers from data. The main contribution is the use of MarkovPC algorithm in order to reduce the computational complexity of a genetic algorithm (GA) designed to explore the variable orderings (VOs) in order to optimize the induced classifiers. Experiments performed in a number of datasets revealed that VOGAC-MarkovPC required less than 25% of the time demanded by VOGAC-PC on average. In addition, when concerning the classification accuracy, VOGAC-MakovPC performed as well as VOGAC-PC did.


Higher education institutions in the 21st century are expected to develop competent information literate students capable of meeting future challenges of global competition and challenging dynamic working environment. In the fast emerging Global Knowledge Society, information literacy (IL) has become essential skill for the students to find, evaluate and use effectively the needed information to achieve their educational goals in view of the rapidly changing technologies and increasing complex variety of information resources. This paper explains the concept of IL, discusses the need and importance of IL and highlights the IL competence standards for higher education. It also discusses the IL initiatives at global level and emphasises the urgent need for the development of IL programmes in Indian higher education system.


A 12-year-old boy recently won £120,000 in compensation after developing a severely debilitating case of narcolepsy triggered by swine flu vaccination.


Editor's Note: This piece represents the first installment of a new section of Educational Gerontology called Professional Thoughts and Experiences. The effective practice for professionals engaged with the aging population is an optimal balance of best available clinical evidence, personal expertise, and common intuition. At Educational Gerontology we have made it our primary goal to provide our readers with the highest quality of evidence-based aging studies. However, care providers' clinical expertise, i.e, the proficiency and judgment acquired through clinical experience and practice, which varies among care providers and the individual needs of the patients (clients), does not always receive published recognition. As such, we will, from time to time, publish the narratives, poetry, and anecdotes of our professional care providers so that we can all respect—and even aspire to—their dedicated service to this population. This article presents the story of a wife whose husband has frontotemporal dementia. Her story of love and loss is illustrated from the perspective of her clinical psychologist. The narration reveals how one client–therapist interaction can provide a lesson in love and life to the clinician and countless others.


Thermal shrinkage (TS) values of whole dermal connective tissue were increased when determined in solutions of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and reached a maximal mean increase of IOC at 10.5 M DMSO (75%). These changes were completely reversible by a subsequent saline wash when the specimens had been soaked in DMSO solutions for 30 minutes but were only partially reversible when the specimens were soaked for 24 hours. Dehydration of dermal collagen may partially explain these changes.


Jakarta  is located on  a  thick sedimentary  layer that  potentially has a very  high  seismic  wave  amplification.  However,  the  available information concerning the  subsurface model and bedrock depth  is insufficient  for a seismic hazard  analysis.  In  this  study,  a  microtremor  array  method  was  applied  to estimate the geometry and S-wave velocity of the sedimentary layer. The spatial autocorrelation  (SPAC)  method  was  applied  to  estimate  the  dispersion  curve, while  the S-wave  velocity  was  estimated  using  a  genetic  algorithm  approach. The  analysis  of  the  1D  and  2D  S-wave  velocity  profiles  shows  that  along  a north-south  line,  the  sedimentary  layer  is  thicker  towards  the  north.  It  has  a positive  correlation  with  a  geological  cross section  derived  from  a borehole down to  a depth of  about 300 m. The SPT data from  the  BMKG site  were used to  verify  the  1D  S-wave  velocity  profile.  They  show  a  good agreement. The microtremor analysis  reached  the engineering bedrock  in a  range from 359  to 608  m  as  depicted by a  cross section  in  the  north-south  direction. The site class was also estimated at each site, based on the average S-wave velocity until 30 m depth. The sites UI to ISTN belong to class  D (medium soil),  while BMKG and ANCL belong to class E (soft soil).


WHEN COMMUNITY staff nurse David Marling began telling a newly formed group of people with learning disabilities about how, that morning, he had lost his car keys, he was uncertain what their reaction would be.


This paper presents a unified classification model for gain enhancement techniques used in the design of high performance amplifiers. A parallel gain enhancement technique is proposed for switched capacitor circuits which combine the best features of the existing gain enhancement techniques found in continuous-time and discrete-time amplifiers. This technique utilizes two dependent closed loop amplifiers to enhance the open loop DC gain of the main amplifier. This replicated parallel gain enhancement (RPGE) technique enables a very high DC gain amplifier with an improved harmonic distortion performance. A proof of concept pipeline ADC in a 0.18 um CMOS process using RPGE technique achieves 75 dB SNDR, 91 dB SFDR, -87 dB THD at 20 MS/s. The measured 13 bit DNL and INL is +0.75/-0.36 and +0.88/-0.92 LSB respectively. The ADC operates from a supply voltage of 1.3 V, consumes 5.9 mW, occupies 3.06 mm2 and achieves a figure of merit of 65 fJ/CS.


Minimum resolvable temperature (MRT) is a subjective test technique used to demonstrate the performance of thermal imaging sensors with human observers. To measure MRT, an automated test method that is closely related to the traditional MRT testing has been developed. Results of automated MRT testing in the consolidated automated support system (CASS) electrooptical subsystem (EOSS) are presented. The author compares the automated MRT to traditional MRT data from the same thermal imaging sensor, and describes the theory of MRT as it relates to automated testing. The reasons for developing automated MRT testing are explored, as is the motivation for promoting acceptance of this kind of testing.<<ETX>>


High dimensionality can pose severe difficulties, widely recognized as different aspects of the curse of dimensionality. In this paper we study a new aspect of the curse pertaining to the distribution of k-occurrences, i.e., the number of times a point appears among the k nearest neighbors of other points in a data set. We show that, as dimensionality increases, this distribution becomes considerably skewed and hub points emerge (points with very high k-occurrences). We examine the origin of this phenomenon, showing that it is an inherent property of high-dimensional vector space, and explore its influence on applications based on measuring distances in vector spaces, notably classification, clustering, and information retrieval.


This paper introduces a analytical method that was used in fault diagnosis of the remote elevator monitor system based on fault tree mode. This mode's basic theory, fault tree, is expounded and the method of building the elevator fault tree is interpreted. And after that, the flowchart of the diagnosis algorithm is given. This diagnostic method, characterized by succinctness and clear consecution, has a favorable prospect of being put into application.


In recent years the adaptive job schedulers became an attraction point to many researchers, but despite many efforts that have been made, there are still many challenges in this area. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of adaptive job schedulers in MapReduce and identify important research directions in this area. In this paper, adaptive job schedulers in MapReduce are classified in four categories. The techniques used in them are described briefly, we present advantages and disadvantages of different adaptive schedulers and then their features and the application of each category of the schedulers are expressed. Finally, we will discuss some current challenges and future works.


This article studies the weak convergence of the residual median process (i) when the observations follow a strictly stationary o-mixing process and (ii) when hte observations are randomly censored. In both these cased the residual median prodeas converges weakly to a gaussian process.


Our study was conducted on avian influenza DNA vaccine pCAOH5 which was transfermed into E.coli JM109 and fermented in fermentor.After bacteria was suspended,splitted and neutralized,plasmid DNA was purified by anion exchange chromatogram.The results revealed that the process in laboratory scale could absolutely lay the foundation for manufacture plasmid DNA in large scale.


In this contribution on the significance of hearing for speech research I . would first like to demarcate what will be discussed. It is not my purpose to ? present a review of the state of the art of psychoacoustics as far as it is relevant to speech perception. lnstead of this the attention will be focused on a comparison of the physical properties of the speech signal with the limits of the ear's capacity to handle this signal. To avoid misunderstandings, the auditory processes to be considered do not include the way in which the signal is decoded in phonetic terms. Therefore, the controversy of whether or not there is a phonetic mode Will not bother us (for a recent review, see Repp, 1982). The auditory system constitutes an important link in the transfer of information from the original speech signal produced by the speaker to the understanding of its message by the listener. Since speech intelligibility in general is the main criterion of the successfulness of this transfer, it will play an important role in our discussion. This means that the present approach does not consider the intelligibility, or any other property, of the individual speech sounds. As will be shown, it is worthwhile to include in our considerations also the transfer of the speech signal from the month of the speaker to the car of the listener, as far as the reverberation is concerned. This link in the chain is too often neglected in phonetics.


The anthrax pathogen Bacillus anthracis poses a significant threat to human health. Identification of B. anthracis is challenging because of the bacteriums close genetic relationship to other Bacillus cereus group species. Thus, molecular detection is founded on species-specific PCR targeting single-copy genes. Here, we validated a previously recognized multi-copy target, a species-specific SNP present in 2-5 copies in every B. anthracis genome analyzed. For this, a hydrolysis probe-based real time PCR assay was developed and rigorously tested. The assay was specific as only B. anthracis DNA yielded positive results, was linear over 9 log10 units and was sensitive with a limit of detection (LoD) of 2.9 copies/reaction. Though not exhibiting a lower LoD than established single copy PCR targets (dhp61 or PL3), the higher copy number of the B. anthracis-specific 16S rRNA gene allele afforded [≤]2 unit lower threshold (Ct) values. To push the detection limit even further, the assay was adapted for reverse transcription PCR on 16S rRNA transcripts. This RT-PCR assay was also linear over 9 log10 units and was sensitive with a LoD of 6.3 copies/reaction. In a dilution-series of experiments, the 16S RT-PCR assay achieved a thousand-fold higher sensitivity than the DNA-targeting assays. For molecular diagnostics, we recommend a real time RT-PCR assay variant in which both DNA and RNA serve as templates (thus, no requirement for DNase treatment). This will at least provide results equaling the DNA-based implementation if no RNA is present but will be superior even at the lowest residual rRNA concentrations.


Distance relays are immune to inadvertent operation during power swings by a block known as "power swing blocking (PSB)". Its main function is discriminating faults from power swings. However, if a fault occurs during a power swing, PSB should be de-blocked and let the distance relay to operate normally and clear the fault accordingly. Meanwhile, discrimination of a three-phase fault from a power swing is the most difficult task due to their likelihood. This paper proposes a new method to overcome this issue by monitoring the transient period established in the process of current dynamic phasor estimation. In this regard, transient monitor (TM) index, which is the difference between the estimated current samples regenerated from the calculated dynamic phasors and the actual sample values, is used to distinguish the fault from the power swing. Fourier-Taylor transformation is applied to estimate the dynamic phasor of the current signal. Simulation results verify the inherent potential of the proposed method to overcome the issue.


This study analyzed the convenience and productivity before and after adopting self-propelled power transportation devices to the harvest and transportation of fruit and vegetable products in the Gyeongbuk region, by applying the REBA and RULA techniques. In the REBA analysis, the work risk was low with 4~6 points before adoption which became 2~3 points after adoption. As for the RULA analysis, work loading appeared to have decreased with 6~7 points before adoption which became 3~4 points after adoption. The annual work time reduction was about 48∼179 hours while labor costs were reduced to 364∼1,345 thousand won annually. This indicated a labor cost reduction effect of about 10∼15%. Therefore, the adopted self-propelled power transportation devices appeared to prevent musculo skeletal diseases of the human body and also improve productivity even after using it for long hours according to the REBA, RULA measures level.


One vision of marketing intended to sell or promote a product to be purchased by
consumers. It's important to recognize tha
t the purchase decision is part of the culmination
of a purchase and it is important for companies to make their competence and experience to
build a strong brand that will have an impact on the purchase decision process. This study is
intended to find out
how brand awareness, brand association, and the price influence
purchasing decisionAdidas shoes in Surabaya. This research method used is quantitative
method. To conduct this study, the data collected through questionnaires as much 82
respondents through
a descriptive study design techniques. Multiple linear regression
analysis used in this study to analyze the data statistically. The result showed that brand
awareness, brand association, and price affect the purchase decision for Adidas shoes.

Keywords : Brand awareness, brand associaton, price, purchase decision


9555Background: Circulating tumor cells have been postulated as indicators of the metastatic spread of cancer via the lymphatic and circulatory systems. We have developed a photoacoustic flow cytom...


We have reconstructed the surface water environment of the Arctic Ocean over the last ∼ 50,000 years using measurements of the organic nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios, carbonate and total organic carbon concentrations (TOC), and terrestrial biomarkers (lignin and long-chain n-alkanes) in four multicores. Variations in nitrogen isotope ratios that are concordant with TOC and carbonate concentrations (representing foraminifera and excluding ice-rafted-debris) reflect differences in relative nutrient utilization of phytoplankton in the surface waters. However, δ15N variations also appear to be dependent on the stratification of the water column and therefore potentially track the exchange of nutrients between deep and surface waters. Low Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) δ15N values and higher Holocene values are opposite to those recorded in the Southern Ocean. The Arctic Ocean with higher nutrient utilization today compared to the LGM therefore acts as a counterpart to the Southern Ocean, although the global impact on carbon dioxide variations compared to the Southern Ocean is probably low.


Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder with ocular motor involvement. In a multi-continental cross-sectional study we characterized ocular motor function in 72 patients from twelve countries by means of video-oculography. We also searched for ocular motor biomarkers interlinking with disease severity. Study protocol comprised reflexive and self-paced saccades, smooth pursuit, and gaze-holding in both planes. 158 healthy controls acted as data comparison. The Modified Disability Rating Scale, Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Functional Index, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment were also performed. In contrast to previous publications and the common belief that the downward saccadic system degenerates to greater extent than the upward one, our measurements of vertical saccades demonstrated that the involvement in both directions was similar. Mean saccadic peak velocity to 20 deg stimulus was 63.5 deg/s (SD, 95% CIs of the mean: 59.5, [47.9-79.2]) in NPC patients and 403.1 deg/s (69.0, [392.0-414.2 deg/s]) in healthy subjects (p<0.001). Downward saccades yielded 51 deg/s (68.9, [32.7-69.3]), whilst upward 78.8 deg/s (65.9, [60.8-96.8]) (p<0.001). Vertical position smooth pursuit gain was 0.649 (0.33, [0.554-0.744]) in NPC and 0.935 (0.149 [0.91-0.959]) in HC (p<0.001). The number of patient-specific saccadic patterns, incl. slow-pursuit like, hypometric and staircase-pattern saccades suggest varying involvement of the saccadic system with fragmentation of the velocity profile as a sign of omnipause neuron dysfunction. Observed compensating strategies, such as blinks to elicit saccades, head and upper body movements to overcome the gaze palsy, should be used clinically to establish a diagnosis. Vertical reflexive saccades were more impaired and slower than self-paced ones. Ocular motor performance depended on age of onset and disease duration. We found that peak velocity and latency of horizontal saccades, vertical saccadic duration and amplitude, and horizontal position smooth pursuit can be used as surrogate parameters for clinical trials, as they showed the strongest correlation to disease severity. By comparing saccadic with pursuit movements, we showed that 98.2% of patients generated vertical saccades (both up and down) that were below the 95% confidence intervals of the controls peak velocity. Only 46.9% of patients had smooth pursuit gain lower than that of 95% of healthy controls. Vertical supranuclear saccade palsy and not vertical supranuclear gaze palsy is the hallmark of NPC disease. The distinction between saccadic and gaze palsy is also important in other neurodegenerative diseases and inborn errors of metabolism with ocular motor involvement, such as progressive supranuclear palsy or Gaucher disease type 3.


Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular nephropathy worldwide and one of the principal causes of chronic kidney disease. The presentation of this nephropathy is different between ethnic groups. The aim of our work is to describe the clinical, biological, and pathological symptoms of maghrebian patients diagnosed with IgAN.

 We conducted a retrospective descriptive study over 46 years from 1975 and 2021. This study included 213 patients with renal biopsy-proven IgAN whose clinical, biological, and pathological data were assessed and classified according to the Oxford classification.

 The mean age of the patients was 34.48 [15-80] with male predominance (sex ratio=1.77). Thirty-nine patients had a family history of kidney disease. 109 patients (51%) had hypertension. The median proteinuria was 2.6 g/24 h [0-46.17 g/24 h]. Nephrotic proteinuria(>3 g/24h) was found in 98 patients (46%). The initial median glomerular filtration rate was 33.9 ml/min/1,73 m²SC. At the end of the follow-up, it was 23.7 ml/min/1.73 m²SC. Renal biopsy was performed in all the cases. The lesions observed in optical microscopy were mesangial proliferation M1 (63.8%), endocapillary proliferation E1(8.5%), glomerulosclerosis S1 (71.4%), interstitial fibrosis or tubular atrophy T1-T2 (72.8%) and crescents C1 (16.9%). Fifty-two percent of the patients were treated with ACE inhibitors or ARAII.47.9% of our population reached end-stage kidney disease and required dialysis. Only 23 patients (10.8%) had a kidney transplant.

 The treatment of IgA nephropathy is based on early diagnosis, hence the need for a screening strategy to prevent the discovery of this nephropathy in an advanced stage.


Background: Reduced b-glucocerebrosidase activity was observed in postmortem brains of both GBA1 mutation carrier and noncarrier Parkinson's disease patients, suggesting that lower bglucocerebrosidase activity is a key feature in the pathogenesis of PD. The objectives of this study were to confirm whether there is reduced b-glucocerebrosidase activity in the CSF of GBA1 mutation carrier and noncarrier PD patients and verify if other lysosomal enzymes show altered activity in the CSF. Methods: CSF b-glucocerebrosidase, cathepsin D, and b-hexosaminidase activities were measured in 79 PD and 61 healthy controls from the BioFIND cohort. The whole GBA1 gene was sequenced. Results : Enzyme activities were normalized according to CSF protein content (specific activity). b-glucocerebrosidase specific activity was significantly decreased in PD versus controls (-28%, P < 0.001). GBA1 mutations were found in 10 of 79 PD patients (12.7%) and 3 of 61 controls (4.9%). GBA1 mutation carrier PD patients showed significantly lower b-glucocerebrosidase specific activity versus noncarriers. b-glucocerebrosidase specific activity was also decreased in noncarrier PD patients versus controls (-25%, P < 0.001). Cathepsin D specific activity was lower in PD versus controls (-21%, P < 0.001). b-Hexosaminidase showed a similar trend. b-Glucocerebrosidase specific activity fairly discriminated PD from controls (area under the curve, 0.72; sensitivity, 0.67; specificity, 0.77). A combination of b-glucocerebrosidase, cathepsin D, and bhexosaminidase improved diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve, 0.77; sensitivity, 0.71; specificity, 0.85). Lower bglucocerebrosidase and b-hexosaminidase specific activities were associated with worse cognitive performance. Conclusions: CSF b-glucocerebrosidase activity is reduced in PD patients independent of their GBA1 mutation carrier status. Cathepsin D and b-hexosaminidase were also decreased. The possible link between altered CSF lysosomal enzyme activities and cognitive decline deserves further investigation. VC 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society


Objective: An outreach dental service was established in the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Hong Kong in 1998, to serve the elderly living in elderly homes run by registered social service agencies. Methods: In the first 2 years, dental care was provided to 3153 institutionalized elderly aged 65 years or over (mean=79.8 years). 67% of the elderly were women and 33% were men. A standardized clinical examination was conducted on all subjects before the provision of treatment by one of two calibrated dentists. The examination procedures, instruments, and diagnostic criteria used followed those recommended by the World Health Organization. Results: It was found that 640 (20%) of the elderly were edentulous. The mean DMFT score of all subjects was 22.5 (DT=2.1; MT=20.1; FT=0.3). The prevalence of decayed or filled roots was 29%, and the mean number of decayed or filled roots was 0.6. The percentage of dentate subjects with healthy gingivae, bleeding on probing, calculus, shallow pockets, and deep pockets (according to the CPI) were 1, 2, 41, 37 and 20 respectively. Two-thirds of the elderly reported having difficulties in chewing, and one-third had not attended a dentist for over 5 years. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the study elderly had poor oral health and there is a need to improve their condition through an outreach dental care service. Supported by a grant from the S.K. Yee Medical Foundation.


Under social forestry programme, community plantation forest (HTR) scheme aims to increase welfare of farmers and provide timber supply for industry, while at the same time also improve the environment. HTR permit has been granted to forest farmer groups in Boalemo District since 2012. This research tries to explore how farmers make use of both their HTR and private land, contribution of these land into household income and how the land-use systems applied would determine environment condition. Results reveals that agriculture and estate crops contributes for about 56% and 38% respectively into total income of households. In addition, when most farmers manage their private land, contribution of the private land provides almost twice to total income compared with income contribution from HTR land. Meanwhile, floods has been hit Boalemo District every year with more people suffering from the floods. Learnt from research results and findings, opportunities to combine various policies are available to utilize the HTR land for growing trees for future income, and the farmers can continue their current land-use system in their private land for short- and medium-term income. Considering the HTR land are located in hilly contour, the trees could potentially reduce erosion and flood incidents.


Objective To evaluate the application of Color Doppler Flow Imaging in right cardiac function of patients with pulmonary hypertension.Methods Totally 31 patients with pulmonary hypertension were enrolled,and with healthy subjects as the control.The tissue Doppler imaging was applied to determine the velocity spectrum of tricuspid annular at the right ventricular free wall and Tei index were calculated.Results Tei index of patients with pulmonary hypertension was(0.75±0.32);compared with(0.39±0.25)of the controls,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Tei index calculated by tissue Doppler imaging can sensitively find the change of right cardiac function in patients with pulmonary hypertension.


The information of various exhibitions is the base of a virtual reality system throughout the exhibition industry. In this paper, based on the basic needs of digitized acquisition of various types of exhibits in exhibition industry and using high-precision, non-destructive and non-contact three-dimensional scanning technology, a digitized acquisition and processing solution against the exhibits was proposed, which makes the sample of the exhibits meet certain precision. On this basis, the design and implementation of the organization and integration technology of various types of exhibition information was expounded. The system was applied to a number of digital museums and achieved expectable effect.


In this paper, we suggest learning algorithm of a high precision classifier for multivariate signal. The method deals with environmental influences. In this proposal technique, we define the features of the classification target and the environment as population parameters of probability distribution. We estimate the parameters by using the Bayesian inference. The Bayesian decision rule is used for the selection of similar environment properly in the proposed method. We try to evaluate the influence of the environmental change. In the numerical experiments, we verify that the proposed method has high classification accuracy. As the results, we show that our method can adapt environmental influence.


Objective: To investigate the protective mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods: 192 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, operated group, control group and MSCs-treated group. Before the transplantation, MSCs were labeled by bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU). One day after the reperfusion, 1×106 MSCs were injected via ipsilateral internal carotid artery and the same dose of PBS were given to the control group. Rats cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model was established with the suture method. Their cerebral tissues were obtained at 2, 4, 6 and 8 day after 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neurological deficits of the rats were evaluated every day after the procedures with the pole-jumping test. The distribution of MSCs and the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression was detected by immunohistochemistry; the bFGF mRNA expression was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Result: The score of neurologic impairment in the MSCs-treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the operated group( P <0.05). BrdU and bFGF immuno-histochemical double-staining positive cells were observed around the ischemic brain tissues on the side of ischemia in the MSCs-treated group. The bFGF mRNA expression in brain tissues was also higher than the other 3 groups ( P <0.01).Conclusion: MSCs given via external carotid artery can promote motor function recovery of cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion rats. The increase of bFGF expression may be one of the MSCs neuroprotective mechanisms.

Key words:
bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; cerebral ischemi-reperfusion; basic fibroblast growth factor; rats


During the past decades, sodium borohydride as a key reagent has played an important role in the reduction of organofunctional groups in modern organic synthesis. This reagent is a relatively mild reducing agent and mostly used for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones in protic solvents. It is also know that the reducing capability of NaBH4 greatly could be accelerated by usingmany of additives. Therefore, controlling the reducing power of sodiumborohydride has been one of themain interests for organic chemists in many years. In this context, we wish to introduce a new combination systemofNaBH4 and Cu(dmg)2 for fast and efficient readuction of carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, a-diketones and conjugated enones to their corresponding alcohols in high to excellent yields.