The note presents a construction of the Lyapunov function defined by l/sub /spl infin///sup n/ vector norm for both continuous- and discrete-time linear systems. In contrast to the previous results, no restrictions on the positions or multiplicity of system matrix eigenvalues are required. >


Recommender systems often face heterogeneous datasets containing highly personalized historical data of users, where no single model could give the best recommendation for every user. We observe this ubiquitous phenomenon on both public and private datasets and address the model selection problem in pursuit of optimizing the quality of recommendation for each user. We propose a meta-learning framework to facilitate user-level adaptive model selection in recommender systems. In this framework, a collection of recommenders is trained with data from all users, on top of which a model selector is trained via meta-learning to select the best single model for each user with the user-specific historical data. We conduct extensive experiments on two public datasets and a real-world production dataset, demonstrating that our proposed framework achieves improvements over single model baselines and sample-level model selector in terms of AUC and LogLoss. In particular, the improvements may lead to huge profit gain when deployed in online recommender systems.


The salt evaporation ponds in Saelices are a site of Cultural and Eco logical Interest Site inside the Alto Tajo Natural Park. Time ago the salty groundwater was pumped out from two wells. It has been proved that this salinity is due to the discharge of groundwater from Keuper facies. This salty water flows up into the alluvial sediments of the Arroyo de la Vega. It is a NaCl type water with a high electric conductivity (higher than 25 mS/cm). This salty water gets mixed with fresh water (coming from rain and from adjacent quaternary sediments) inside the alluvial sediments and flows into the Arroyo de la Vega channel


1. The Roman historians and the myth of Rome 2. The wronged Lucretian and the early Republic 3. Self-inflicted wounds 4. 'Like a colossus': Julius Caesar 5. Ben Jonson's Rome 6. Oerflowing the measure: Antony and Cleopatra 7. The city and the battlefield: Coriolanus 8. Tyranny and empire 9. Ancient Britons and Romans Bibliography.


Purified human reovirus contains RNA methylase activity in addition to an RNA polymerase. Virions incubated under appropriate conditions in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthesize mRNA that is specifically methylated in the 5'-terminal guanosine. Alkaline digestion of the methylated RNA released a 5'-terminal dinucleotide, ppG'pCp, indicating that the guanosine contains 2'-O-methylribose. The possible roles of methylation in viral and cellular mRNA function is discussed. The genome of human reovirus consists of ten segments of double-stranded RNA (1), each containing the same two 5'terminal sequences: GpApUp in the nminus (-) strand and G'pCp in the plus (+) strand (2). G' presumably is 2'-Omethylated guanosine, since the G'pCp sequence is resistant to hydrolysis by alkali or T1 RNase (2). A virion-associated RNA polymerase transcribes only the (-) strand of each reovirus duplex segment (3-6). The resulting ten (+) species of single-stranded RNA function as viral mRNA (7, 8). In addition, they serve as precursors to the double-stranded genome segments (9), suggesting that reovirus mRNA may also be methylated at the 5'-termini. A similar situation exists for another double-stranded RNA virus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) of insects (10, 11). Furuichi recently found that the single-stranded viral RNA synthesized in vitro by the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus-associated transcriptase in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine contains 1.2 methyl groups per RNA molecule of average chain length 2300 nucleotides (12). In the view of the above results and the report that mouse L cell mRNA contains 2.2 methyl groups per 1000 nucleotides (13), it was of interest to test the possibility that reovirus mRNA is methylated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reovirus type 3, Dearing strain, was grown in mouse L cells in suspension culture and purified as described (3). RNA was synthesized by the virion-associated transcriptase by incubating 70 u~g of purified reovirus with 30,ug of chymotrypsin for 30 min at 450 in a standard reaction mixture containing 7,umoles of Tris HCI (pH 8.0), 0.75,mole of Mg+2, 15 ,umoles of KCl, 0.2,umole each of GTP, CTP, and UTP, 0.1 ,umole of ATP, and 0.25 ,umole of cyclohexylammonium phosphoenol-pyruvate in a volume of 0.065 ml. The volume was then adjusted to 0.1 ml by addition of 0.5 unit of pyruvate kinase, [a-32P]ATP, S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine, and the other, indicated constituents. The incubation was continued at 450, and samples of 0.02 ml were removed to 5 ml of trichloroacetic acid-sodium pyrophosphate (10% each) at the' indicated times. After 30 min at 00, they were filtered through Millipore filters, washed, and counted in toluene-based scintillation fluid. Analysis of RNA products by velocity sedimentation in sucrose gradients (3) and chromatography oIn DEAE-cellulose in the presence of 7 AI urea has been described (14). [a-32P]ATP (specific activity = 116 Ci/mmole) and Sadenosyl-L[methyl-3HJmethionine (8.5 Ci/mmole) were purchased from New England Nuclear Corp., Boston, Mass. [3H]CTP (specific activity = 19 Ci/mmole) and [3H]valine (16 Ci/mmole) and [3,,y-32P]GTP (9.5 Ci/mmole) were from Schwarz/Miann, Orangeburg, N.Y. and ICN, Irvine, Calif., respectively.


It is the common social ideal for ancient and contemporary people to construct harmonious,orderly,stable,peaceful and happy society.The proposition of constructing socialist harmonious society not only means the Chinese communists' inheritance and carrying forward of Marxist socialist society construction theory but also the reference of the harmonious thought embodied in western and eastern ancient cultures.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of an embedded pedagogical agent into a tutorial on achievement.Design/methodology/approach – Research methodology is designed according to the post test control group model in which the experimental group (69 students) was exposed to a tutorial with an embedded pedagogical agent; control group (56 students) was exposed to the same tutorial without a pedagogical agent. The tutorial was developed by the researchers as educational software on the unit "Discovering Space" for 6th graders.Findings – The data analysis showed that the experimental group performed significantly better than the control group which indicated that using a pedagogical agent in a tutorial has a positive effect on the achievement. Another finding related to the gender differences is that girls performed better than the boys.Research limitations/implications – This research has some implications for designing educational software. Embedded pedagogical agent is improving l...


Under the authority of the McSweeney-McNary Forest Research Act of May 22, 1928, as amended, and the Renewable Natural Resources Planning Act of 1974 as amended, the Forest Service of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, conducts periodic inventories and makes evaluations of the forest resources of all states to provide up-to-date information about the forest resources of the Nation. The first forest inventory of Kentucky was made in 1949 by the Central States Forest Experiment Station. A second survey was conducted by the same unit in 1963. The third survey was made in 1973, 1974, and 1975 by the Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. As in the previous surveys, the Forest Service had the cooperation of many individuals and agencies. Special thanks are due former State Forester Harry M. Nadler and the personnel of the Division of Forestry of the Kentucky Department for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection. The third inventory of Kentucky was directed by Carl E. Mayer, Resources Evaluation unit Leader. Joseph E. Barnard was responsible for the design of the inventory and sample selection as well as for supervision of data compilation. John R. Peters supervised the aerial-photo interpretation and data collection by field crews. David R. Dickson applied the generalized data-processing system, FINSYS, to the specific data needs of the Kentucky inventory and produced summary tables for the State, geographic sampling units, and counties. Teresa M. Bowers assisted in the inventory design by performing all calculations necessary for Sample-size determination and plot selection. She was responsible for the coordination of key punching and other data-preparation tasks, and the final preparation and statistical checking of tables for the report. James T. Bones, with the assistance of State personnel, collected and compiled the data on timber-products output and timber removals. He was assisted in the compilation phase by David R. Dickson and Teresa M. Bowers. Carmela M. Hyland was responsible for administrative and secretarial services. Joseph E. Barnard and the senior author checked the consistency of the new inventory with previous inventories. They made frequent use of the TRAS (Timber Resource Analysis System) forest-stand simulation model in this phase of the data analysis and in the 30-year projections of timber volume. The photo-interpretation phase of this inventory was completed in March 1975 and the last field plot was measured in November 1975. Final computer output was available in July 1976. Users of this report who need more detailed information should contact the Resources Evaluation unit, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, 370 Reed Road, Broomall, Pa. 19008. Users of this report are strongly advised to read carefully the definitions of forest-survey terms and the section on the reliability of the estimates in the appendix of this report.


There is a wonderful quotation by someone that no one is perfect but practice makes a man perfect similarly the Indian electoral system is not perfect but it can be improved. India being a democratic country it was really necessary to adopt a system where each and every person shall have the right to choose their representative and after India accomplished Independence in August 1947, there was a need to hold General Elections to choose a genuinely representative Government based on all-inclusive grown-up suffrage. Article 324, which accommodates the setting up of Election Commission as a free protected specialist, was in this way brought into power from November 26th, 1949, while, a large portion of alternate arrangements were made compelling from January 26th, 1950 (when the Constitution of India ended up successful). But are these elections held without any kind of political games, Hence this paper mainly focuses on the evolution of electoral system, process of how elections are conducted in the country, peculiarities of the electoral system and recommendations that how this system could be improved.


He initially trained as a general surgeon in h·eland and Great Britain, where he obtainecl FRCS status. In 1965 he emigrated to South Africa, where he completed a residency in plastic surgety before being appointed Consztltanfl Specialist in Plastic Surgeru College of Surgeons, South Aj?'ica. In 1972, Dr. Seery emigrated to the USA and worked with the F.J. McCoy plastic surgery program at the Unive1·sity of Missouri, Kansas City, before being appointed Director and Chief, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the Unive1·sity of California, Davis, Califomia, in 197 4. While at Davis, he was the redpient of


The high purity stream of methane, first removing the moisture (4), and then to remove heavy hydrocarbon compounds primarily in the carbon dioxide by the product stream, gas-liquid and dried crude gas mixture by a method comprising providing contact absorber (10), it can be obtained from the crude natural gas, especially exhaust gas from landfill agent waste. Methane rich gas from the absorber (10) is in the absorber and the film provides a permeate which is enriched for the carbon dioxide to be recycled to the flow of the purified product methane separation unit (20) It is separated.


Introduction: Skeletal muscle is common in late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD). Recent data implicate common bulbar muscle involvement (i.e., the tongue). Methods: We used quantitative assessment of lingual strength to retrospectively determine the frequency and severity of lingual weakness in LOPD. We additionally examined associations between lingual strength and the presence or absence of dysarthria, and dysarthria severity. Results: Quantitative assessment revealed lingual weakness to be present in 80% of the sample. In the 24 affected patients, severity was mild in 29%, moderate in 29%, and severe in 42%. Patients with clinical dysarthria had greater lingual weakness than those without. As dysarthria severity increased, lingual strength decreased by an average of 6.82 kPa. Conclusions: These quantitative data provide additional evidence for presence of bulbar muscle disease in patients with LOPD. Further study is necessary to determine functional effects, temporal progression, and effects of treatment. Muscle Nerve 51:731–735, 2015


Plant trait based approaches provide a mechanistic framework to understand and predict its potential survival and role within the community. Tephrosia purpurea is a perennial leguminous erect short-lived underscrub abundantly present on the wastelands of the Indian hot arid and semi arid region. In this study, its temporal biomass trait values and the trade-off with total biomass and among its different compartments were quantified. Impact of different bottom-up and top-down factors on the magnitude of all trait and trade-off values were also assessed. Contrary to several other such studies conducted from different eco-regions of the world, impacts of heat index, net radiation, extraterrestrial and incoming solar radiation, actual vapor pressure, species physiological attributes (maintenance respiration, NPP and GPP), community variables (richness and Relative importance value) were identified as significant factors by Canonical Correlation Analysis. Partial Least Squares (PLS) test suggested that various exploratory factors are working significantly and in random fashion and for this species and with this experimental set-up only two species variables i.e. leaf biomass trait and trade-off between capsule and stem can be mathematically explained with different factors.


Palestine and Israel are two countries with a continuous conflict. When Palestine applied for a full membership in the United Nation as a sovereign state, the deliberating process also surrounded the complication of the international constellation. The United Nations Security Council Meeting on November 11, 2011 to decide the full membership and confirmation of Palestine as a sovereign entity needed to pass the resolution of the members of the Security Council, where 9 votes are needed to pass the resolution. Of the 9 votes, 5 should be by the concensus of the permanent members. Interestingly, Germany gave a negative vote whilst France, being Germany's converging ally, voted abstain. It becomes more interesting when two countries that are expected to give the same vote and policy take different paths, then that phenomenon becomes interesting and researchable.


We conducted an intensive survey of Hoolock leuconedys covered all known possible gibbon populations in the west bank of Salween River in China. The total population was estimated to less than 50 groups. Seven out of 9 groups observed comprised one adult pair and 0-3 offspring, while another two groups comprised 1 adult male and 2 adult females. The mean group size was 3.88 individuals. Therefore, the total population was less than 200 individuals. The population was severely fragmented in 21 localities with the biggest subpopulation was 5 groups. Compared with the population in 1985 and 1994, 5 populations have been declining and gibbons extirpated from 9 other localities. But 2 other population seemed to be increasing. And we discovered 2 new populations during this survey. Commercial logging, illegal hunting, agricultural encroachment and isolated small population posed a serious negative effect on the future of H. leuconedys in China. An integrative conservation plan including new nature reserve establishment, conservation oriented research and conservation awareness education is urgent needed to ensure the survival of H. leuconedys in China.


the nature of the rhythmic medium in African music. I would initially note two distinguishing points about African rhythms in the general context of critical theory. First, this discussion is grounded in general features of musical contexts that can be observed. Although the use of rhythms in African music is theoretically suggestive, its critical or philosophical relevance is not the extension of a hypothetical construct or an aesthetic manifesto. Thus, we are considering the aesthetic effect of rhythm in an art that exists, not an art that can or should be. Second, the African approach to rhythm reflects a different cultural orientation from what we normally find in Western and other cultural zones. Specifically, in African musical idioms, several rhythmic tendencies are elevated as fundamental principles of musical organization. In discussing the rhythmic characteristics of African music as indicative of cultural orientation, one begins with an assumption that modes of participation and interaction in musical performance contexts can provide a model of sensibility that reflects broader patterns of perception and aesthetic purpose. This assumption of cultural analogy is plausible in African musical idioms for several reasons. In African societies, the extent of participation in music-making is comparatively high, and African musical activity is often described as participatory in nature. Instead of isolating performers and spectators, African musical contexts exhibit a high degree of integration of spectators into the music-making process. Many people who would merely listen within other cultural idioms are involved in African music-making through accompanying handclapping, singing, and the use of simple percussion instruments like wood blocks or rattles.' Also, despite some notable exceptions, African music is primarily performed as music for dancing; important parts of musical sound are frequently contributed by dancers This essay is a revised version of a paper presented at the Commonwealth Center seminar series "Rhythm in Nature and Culture." New Literary History, 1991, 22: 1093-1102


The (2003) by Pixar, by succeeding at box office hit with good criticism, could be the film that made Pixar the most influential animation producer. Especially such character oriented narrative strategy, by raising the degree of characterizing and relationship, could made remarkable achievement as it is called a textbook of characterizing. This study focused on the inherent fear and desire of characters in . The inherent fear and desire were assumed to be the elements that strengthen characterizing and relationship more dynamically. In general, every single choice and behavior of human beings are likely to be depending on fear and desire, it is believed that human`s life is dominated by those two elements. In this point, the characterizing of has three big features. It is that (1) it clearly described the fear inherent in characters and the effort to avoid the fear better than any other films of Pixar. (2) it strikingly accords with the interaction of characteristics of fear and desire established by Enneargram personality types. (3) the way of relieving fear of the main characters (Marlin and Nemo), as a unique feature of rescue and escape plot in which two characters are being apart, is not by interaction of characteristics of two main characters but is by characterizing the spiritual value supplementary to the deficiency of main character as sub character (Dory and Gill). In the previous study, , characterizing of panda `Poe` is too outstanding and this fact is working as paradoxical limitation. On the other hand, set up of fear and desire of two main characters, Poe and Shifu and dynamics of characteristics are very delicate and effective. On the other hand, in the , in the course of settling down the conflicts between two main characters, father and son, it shows fresh and firm narrative structure with various characters and sub plots. However, though the degree of described fear and desire of main characters are very outstanding, it still reveals it limitation that the course of settlement is somewhat dependent. In conclusion, this study is considered to be another approach to animation characterizing, and also hopefully can be helpful in characterization and setting up relationships in the future.


By means of analyzing the resultant error in electric energy metering device,we could find out the composite factors for generated error by electric energy metering device,put forward the measures on error reduction and promote the accuracy of elctric energy metering device.


The reaction of α-stannyl ester with
α,β-unsaturated ketones in the presence of stannous chloride
(SnCl2) and chlorosilanes (Me3SiCl or
Me2SiCl2) gave 1,2- and 1,4-addition products,
respectively.


The implementation of villages and towns treasury concentrated payment system deepens the reform of centralized treasury payment system, but in practice there are still some different problems to some degree, such as the incompletely unified understanding in grass-roots, unreasonable planning, imperfect network for treasury concentrated payment system. We can ensure the effective run of treasury concentrated payments of villages and towns by optimizing the program, strengthening the network construction and improving the financial services.


medical Research: An Assessment of Current and Potential Approaches was held May 1-3, 1989, by the Division of Research Resources, the Division of Research Services, and the Office of Medical Applications of Research of the National Institutes of Health. After hearing presentations by scientific experts, an independent panel reported conclusions and recommendations concerning modeling in biomedical research. A summary of the report appears below. Single copies of the complete statement are available at no cost from William H. Hall, Director of Communications, Office of Medical Applications of Research, National Institutes of Health,


Many respiratory pathogens can produce an influenza-like illness. With a sensitive and specific rapid test for influenza, the onset of outbreaks could


The effective g-factor and the selection rules for the matrix elements of the velocity operator are investigated for the Luttinger Hamiltonian under a magnetic field. It is shown that the g-factor has a strong kz-dependence, where kz is the wave vector along the magnetic field. This anomalous kz-dependence is due to the interband effect of the magnetic field between the light and heavy hole bands. It is found that a nontrivial contribution to the longitudinal magnetoconductivity arises also due to the interband effects by analyzing the selection rules. This nontrivial interband contribution can be a source of the longitudinal spin current.


Abstract We consider a measurement system replacement case study. We show that with the collected data we can determine a decision rule for the corresponding 100 percent inspection scheme with the new measurement system that gives the same properties as the current system. However, we are unable to assess the misclassification rates for the inspection system nor could we determine the probabilities of discordance (defined later in this article). In addition, had statistical properties of the two measurement systems been substantially different, we could not have found an appropriate decision rule for the new scheme. We show that augmenting the collected data with available baseline information solves all of these problems.


Through corpus-based analysis and comparison between self-constructed Tao Te Ching English translation corpus and the non-translated corpus, this paper attempts to explore the translation feature of explicitation in Tao Te Ching English translated texts. It shows that when the pronouns are followed by BE, HAVE, and WILL, the ratio of frequencies (percentage) of long forms in TTC is significantly higher than in the non-translated corpus. Besides, the ratio of frequencies of the optional reporting that after reporting verbs in TTC is obviously higher than in the non-translated corpus. These findings can be taken as proofs of a tendency of explicitation of the Tao Te Ching English translated texts on the word and sentence level. This study can provide a new approach to the research of the English translations of Chinese Ancient Literary Works.


This is a survey paper that introduces sentiment lexicons and explains the state of the art in the field of sentiment lexicons. Different kinds of lexicons are covered, varying in aspects such as coverage, methods of creation, lexical unit and granularity. It aims at giving a representative sampling of the field of sentiment lexicons.


Metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived nanostructures for electrochemical applications have attracted tremendous attention; therefore, understanding of the decomposition mechanism of MOFs during thermal treatment is crucial for the design and synthesis of MOF-derived nanomaterials. Here, a systematic investigation was carried out to study the pyrolysis process of a Zn-based metal–organic framework (Zn-MOF), which revealed the compositional and structural evolution by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction methods. The continuous change of the nature of surface of pyrolytic Zn-MOF at different temperatures was also studied by the cyclic voltammetry method, described by the fractal concept of electrochemical surface. The results show that the pyrolysis of Zn-MOF occurs at ca. 450 °C and the decomposition products are amorphous carbon and ZnO. The pyrolysis temperature plays a decisive role in the...


For MinRes and SymmLQ it is essential to compute a QR decomposition of a tridiagonal coefficient matrix gained in the Lanczos process. This QR decomposition is constructed by an update scheme applying in every step a single Givens rotation. Using complex Householder reflections we generalize this idea to block tridiagonal matrices that occur in generalizations of MinRes and SymmLQ to block methods for systems with multiple right-hand sides. Some implementation details are given, and we compare the method with an algorithm based on Givens rotations used in block QMR. Our approach generalizes to the QR decomposition of upper block Hessenberg matrices resulting from the block Arnoldi process and is applicable in block GMRes. Keywords— block Lanczos process, block Krylov space methods. I. The symmetric Lanczos algorithm In 1975 Christopher Paige and Michael Saunders [PAI 75] proposed two iterative Krylov subspace methods called MinRes and SymmLQ for solving sparse Hermitian indefinite linear systems


Objective To observe the curative effect 0f medilac-vita and decoction of four-drug juice in the adjunctive treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates.Method 80 sick neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were divided into the treatment group (n = 42) and control group (n = 38) .The conventional treatment was used in both groups,besides this,the treatment group was added with medilac-vita and decoction 0f four-drug juice.Results The serum bilirubin values of two groups had no significant difference before treatment (P 0.05) .The treatment days and the serum bilirubin values of two groups had significant difference in 48 hours after treatraent (P 0.05) .At the same time,the serum bilirubin values of two groups had significant difference in 24 hours after stop phototherapy (P 0.05) .Conclusion The conventional treatment add with the medilac-vita and decoction of four-drug Juice can quickly reduce the serum bilirubin values,significantly shorten the time of therapy and it is a reliable treatment.


The article deals with the financialization of daily life, namely the penetration of financial concepts, strategies and instruments into the daily lives of individuals and families. The issue is addressed in relation to inclusion and exclusion processes, aiming to detect the effects that the financial exposure may have on inequalities. Through the analysis of four relevant areas – old age, health, housing and consumption – the article highlights how the increasing pervasiveness of financialization contributes to generating new forms of inequalities between individuals and families (distinguishing those included and those who they are not) and within included individuals and families (with different opportunities and access conditions for those who are, directly or indirectly, on the markets), shaping new dynamics on the border between inclusion and exclusion.


The vehicle routing problem (VRP) has been researched during recent years, which has also been applied in many industrial fields, such as the logistics system, the industrial production horizons. Many of realistic constraints such as time window for each customer, and different types of vehicles have also been considered in recent literatures. In this study, we consider the two constraints and propose an improved brain storm optimization (BRO) algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, firstly, a novel solution representation is developed considering the synchronized visits constraint. Then, a well-designed decoding method is designed. Experimental comparisons with efficient algorithms on the well-known benchmarks showed that the proposed algorithm is efficient and effective.


This paper presents a brief overview of trends in numerical weather prediction, difficulties, and the nature of their occurrence, the existing and promising ways to overcome them. The neural network architecture is proposed as a promising approach to increase the accuracy of the 2m temperature forecast given by the COSMO regional model. This architecture allows predicting errors of the atmospheric model forecasts with their further corrections. Experiments are conducted with different histories of regional model errors. The number of epochs after which network overfitting happens is determined. It is shown that the proposed architecture makes it possible to achieve an improvement of a 2m temperature forecast in approximately 50% of cases.


Delta Nutrient Water Quality Problems: The Delta experiences highly significant water quality problems that are caused by excessive discharge of nutrients (N and P) from urban and agricultural sources in the Delta watershed and within the Delta. These problems include impairment of the use of Delta water as a domestic water supply source through causing tastes and odors that require additional treatment; excessive growths of invasive plants (hyacinth and egeria) that impair aquatic life habitat and recreational use; and low DO in some Delta channels caused by decomposition of algae that develop in the Delta watershed. While these problems have been well-known for many decades, little attention has been devoted to controlling nutrient discharges that cause them. To provide information on the magnitude and significance of these problems, the authors organized a California Water and Environmental Modeling Forum (CWEMF)-sponsored Delta Nutrient Water Quality Modeling Workshop in March 2008. That one-day workshop provided information on the occurrence, magnitude, and significance of nutrient-related water quality problems in the Delta. It also provided information on the potential impact of controlling phosphorus inputs to the Delta on planktonic algal biomass in the Delta, and described a conceptual model of Delta nutrient sources. Regulatory agency activities regarding nutrient control to address these problems were reviewed. The workshop agenda, PowerPoint presentations, and a synopsis of the workshop is available at http://www.cwemf.org/workshops/NutrientLoadWrkshp.pdf and http://www.members.aol.com/GFLEnviroQual/CWEMF_WS_synopsis.pdf. Additional information on this conference is posted at http://220.127.116.11/sciconf_08/.


The shift of urban security from government to governance leads to the emergence of institutional subsidiarity as the fundamental tool to govern conflict in the 'society of differences'. In both legal and urban studies, policy research questions this policy change and suggests investigating the emerging mechanisms of control beyond the logic of dominance. Drawing on evidence from Chicago, the paper assesses the effects of two different modes of conflict manipulation: the neighbourhood police officer/resident partnership and migrant associations. Different outcomes in terms of learning, autonomy and reciprocity question public policies as a contribution to local democracy and highlight the need to reframe the issue of protection beyond the citizenship/non-citizenship contraposition.


The present paper aims to demonstrate how different features found in specific texts affect the word choice made by the translation professional. The material analyzed for this project is a tourism-related one. In this, two main functions can be found – a phenomenon known as hybridization - the ones that influence and account for the translator's choices. In order to establish a starting point, an appropriate approach must be selected, one made thorough an analysis and taking into consideration the ethnographical elements used throughout the text and type and function of the same. Having in mind that this is an audiovisual material, one of the most used modes and the one employed to make a rendering into a target language is subtitling.
This task requires from the translator to adapt to certain technical and linguistic restrictions, inherent to the process, such as speed constraints and the need of economy of words.


For many centuries, Persianate Jews lived in cities and towns across Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Today, after several waves of emigration, most of these regions are without a Jewish presence, sometimes even without traces of their Jewish past. Against this background, the concept of the "Persianate World" applied here is not limited to a strictly linguistic approach, such as Persian-speaking communities. Rather, it is used as a framework for a historically shared cultural sphere (cf. Amanat and Ashraf, The Persianate World; Green, Frontiers of a Eurasian Lingua Franca; Fragner, Die "Persophonie"; Kia, Persianate Selves) – today consisting of many different nation states, whose internal connectivity was of profound relevance for the Jewish communities who populated it. Scholarship on the history of Persianate Jews as well as on the history of other Jewish communities in the Muslim world tends to be shaped by two dominant strands: the first is based on sources from outside of these countries, such as colonial records, missionaries or travellers. The second strand is influenced by the emergence of modern nationalisms, which propelled the actual and imaginary movement of these communities away from the Persianate sphere and the building of new homes, mainly in Israel, the United States, and Europe. This repositioning of Persianate Jews also brought about the formation of new narratives about their past. From the early nineteenth century onwards, European travellers, missionaries, and colonial officers came to Persianate societies: they mostly portrayed the Jews as wretched and isolated from the environment in which they lived. Jews were framed as passive and static groups, without contact to their surrounding environment, as well as lack of knowledge of "proper" Judaism. This view precluded an understanding of the social mechanisms of a particular time and place, the leeway of self-determination that minority groups might have had, as well as their internal diversity. In nineteenthcentury Persianate societies, religious conduct was one of the most important markers of public life, yet it also coexisted with a considerable degree of informality and fluidity. As Monica Ringer has pointed out in the context of Iran, this


Physical fitness has been studied in the last decades by two essential aspects: health related aptitude (ApFRS) and fitness related to motor performance (ApFDM), physical fitness can be defined as the ability to perform with energy and vigor activity fatigue. To describe and compare health indicators in schoolchildren: nutritional status and health related physical fitness by sex. A total of 100 adolescents aged 11 to 14 years participated in the study. The instrument used was the battery of test and measurement proesp-br containing 4 items: Flexibility; Muscle resistance; Cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index (weight / height2). The data were tabulated and analyzed in SPSS version 20.0 for Windows, verifying normality by the kolmogorov-Smirnov test, descriptive statistics were performed with mean and standard deviation and Student's t-test for independent sample for comparison between sex. When comparing fitness between sexes there was a significant difference in the flexibility test (p = 0.10) and muscular endurance (p = 0.16), when checking the results according to the criteria set by the proesp-br both boys and girls presented (94.4% boys and 86.2% girls) and cardiorespiratory fitness (40.8% boys and 58.6% girls). We conclude that physical fitness is largely below expected levels. Making it more and more important to implement interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and preventing possible chronic-degenerative diseases.


This paper examines the changes witnessed in the field of ballet during the post-Revolution period from the late 1920s to 1930s with a focus on the Russian Revolution in 1917 from the perspective of continuity with the Soviet Union`s revolution ideology and highlighted significance of ballet in the revolutionary period from the contemporary context. During the early 20th century, the beginning of the Revolutionary Period, Russian ballet was regarded as a component of totalitarian culture and was in danger of being abolished. To overcome such a gloomy outlook, ballet masters, including Tihomirov, Lachlin, Goleizovsky, and Lopukhov, explored new modes of ballet. Their attempts helped open the door to proletariat ballet which focused on the lives of the public, and targeted the public as the audience. Through their efforts, ballet was brought back to the hands of the public who were not able to afford the extravaganza called `ballet` in their daily lives. The novel modes of ballet, as created by those ballet masters, were characterized by the tendency to return to classical ballet modes, the adoption of acrobatic choreography, and a collective ideology. The distinct features of Soviet ballet had a tremendous influence on the Moscow Bolshoi Ballet, which was led by Yuri Grigorovich in the period that followed (1960s to 1980s), in its endeavor to build unique creative world. Therefore, the exploration of the Soviet ballet aesthetics in this study would be indispensable for understanding the aestheticism of Russia`s Bolshoi ballet, which has played a pivotal role in world ballet to date, by going beyond the contemplation of the ballet of the past.


Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) are increasingly becoming popular as low cost alternatives to wired network for providing broadband access to users (the last mile connectivity). In these multi-hop networks, data is forwarded to a gateway from the nodes or from the gateway to the nodes. This paper investigates the role of gateway placement on network throughput for realistic configurations of WMNs. We show that the position of the gateway significantly bears on network throughput. It is hence important to optimize its placement. Specifically, we propose several heuristics to optimally position a single gateway in WMN and compare their relative performance in terms of network throughput with respect to the exact solution, which is obtained through cumbersome computations.


Having discussed models for claim frequency and claim severity separately, we now turn our attention to modeling the aggregate loss of a block of insurance policies. Much of the time we shall use the terms aggregate loss and aggregate claim interchangeably, although we recognize the difference between them as discussed in the last chapter. There are two major approaches in modeling aggregate loss: the individual risk model and the collective risk model. We shall begin with the individual risk model, in which we assume there are n independent loss prospects in the block. As a policy may or may not have a loss , the distribution of the loss variable in this model is of the mixed type. It consists of a probability mass at point zero and a continuous component of positive losses. Generally, exact distribution of the aggregate loss can only be obtained through the convolution method. The De Pril recursion, however, is a powerful technique to compute the exact distribution recursively when the block of policies follow a certain set-up. On the other hand, the collective risk model treats the aggregate loss as having a compound distribution, with the primary distribution being the claim frequency and the secondary distribution being the claim severity. The Panjer recursion can be used to compute the distribution of the aggregate loss if the claim-frequency distribution belongs to the ( a, b , 0) class and the claimseverity distribution is discretized or approximated by a discrete distribution.


Professor-student rapport is associated with various important student success outcomes, highlighting the need for a good measure of this construct. The current study attempted to replicate the components of the Professor-Student Rapport Scale (PSRS) reported in Wilson and Ryan (2013). 760 undergraduate students completed the PSRS and several student outcome measures. The sample was split in half to conduct both an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The predictive validity of the factors that emerged was then assessed. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) did not replicate the components previously reported. Instead, we describe the emergence of two distinct factors: "Professor Cares about Students" and "Professor Creates an Engaging and Constructive Atmosphere." The factor structure exhibited adequate model fit in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and significantly predicted five of the six student and course outcomes examined. We argue that the two factors reported herein better capture and elucidate professor-student rapport than the components previously identified. There appear to be two critical pieces to establishing professor-student rapport. Students must perceive their instructor cares about their individual success/well-being, and is competent at creating an overall atmosphere conducive to engagement/learning.


Abstract A new method suggested by Burns (1992) was used to estimate critical potassium (K) concentration in young tomato plants. A nutrient interruption experiment was conducted including only two treatments (+K and ‐K). Plants were successively harvested to measure yield and K concentration. This data was used to explore the relationship between the fraction of maximum growth rates and K concentration of plants suffering deficiency. The critical concentration was determined from this relationship. The new method provides a value for assessment of plant nutrient status which is well adjusted to the requirement of the plants with regard to maximisation of yield and has advantages compared to the widely applied method recommended by Ulrich and Hills (1990). Problems that arose were discussed and advantages and disadvantages of the new procedure were pointed out.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore consumers' responses to emotional and normative communication in comparison with traditional informational campaigns promoting pro-environmental behavior in the context of biodiversity. By adopting the approach of likeability of the communication, the paper identifies which type of communication strategy is liked by consumers' and which dimensions define likeability in the context of biodiversity. The goal is to improve the effectiveness of communication messages delivered by social marketers or public policy makers through a better understanding of consumers' responses to different communication strategies. Design/methodology/approach – To investigate which communications strategies are perceived as likeable in the context of promoting biodiversity and to explore the dimensions that underlie likeability of the communication a qualitative study was conducted. First, the information design with the different communication strategies has been developed. Seco...


An approach to obtaining high-quality products of two-component polyurethane cold-cast in silicone molds in a vacuum. The sequence of stages produces silicone mold and degassing polyurethane. The results of degassing components of the filling material. The dependence of the viscosity of the degassing time polyurethane.


Finite difference time domain simulation of the electromagnetic coupling in millisecond radiation heating is used to explore how the energy couples, where it goes in the device structure, and wavelength dependencies. Millisecond annealing is advantageous for improving IC device characteristics; however, the application of short time scale annealing requires very careful control over the localized heating that can be pattern, device structure, and material dependent. The presence of metal gate structure introduces extra complexity. This paper considers the case of tungsten gates on poly-silicon pedestals with or without silicon nitride caps. Rigorous finite difference time domain techniques are used to compute the fields throughout the device structure as a function of polarization, angle of incidence, wavelength, CD, and pitch. One of the dominant effects is that a grating formed by a metal gate array acts like a polarizer. Thus the coupling changes with grating orientation. The coupling is the strongest when the incident plane is perpendicular to the gate and the electric field is p-polarized. In the case of laser light with a 10 μm wavelength incident near silicon's Brewster angle, the absorptivity approaches 100% just as if the tungsten metal gates do not exist. Data from similar studies at shorter wavelengths is also presented as well as a comparison with experimental measurements.


Analysis of status of Wushu competition computerized information management in jiangshu province,proposed changes in the concept of wushu competition management,change management model wushu competition;development of wushu competition management system;to improve coaches,referees the level of use of of information technology,these are for jiangshu Provincial Wushu competition management computerized information and scientific development for reference.


This invention relates to a method and a system for constructing virtual video channels comprising video content. While playing back video content to a user comprising a number of visual aspects, s/he can select at least one of the visual aspects appearing from said played back video content. Based on the selected aspects, a virtual channel is created comprising video content or a theme relating to said selected visual aspect.


The oxidation of acetaldehyde was studied with a shock tube connected with a mass spectrometer over the temperature range 1400-1700 K and the total pressure range 200-400 Torr. The induction period τ was measured by monitoring the oxygen concentration, and the following equation was found, τ=1.24×10-12 [CH3CHO] 0.4 [O2] -0.8 exp (41000/RT) s, where the concentration is expressed in mol/cc. Data analysis using 48-reaction mechanism was carried out, and the mechanism was discussed.


Successful exploration with airborne electromagnetic (AEM) methods depends to a large extent on effective methods for the quantitative interpretation of anomalies caused by variations in the conductivity and thickness of the overburden. Interpretation of AEM data is commonly via one-dimensional (1-D) inversion or the conductivitydepth imaging (CDI) approaches. These procedures however yield incorrect results when actual geological structures are multimensional. The objective of this paper is to assess the limitations of the 1-D inversion methods when applied to the reconstruction of 2-D overburden structures, based on an analysis of the resolution of the conductivity of the weathered layer and the depth to its lower boundary. Simple rules of thumb are derived which may assist in the characterisation of the overburden in geological mapping or environmental investigations, and for bedrock target detection in an area with inhomogeneous conductive overburden using AEM.


Learning motivation is an energy that exists within a person to do something by achieving a change in behavior which is characterized by feelings and reactions in the environment to achieve a goal to be achieved. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligence on students' motivation to learn mathematics in Pringsewu Regency. This type of research uses descriptive quantitative research, using ex post facto research methods. The population in this study were fourth grade students of SD Negeri Cluster 1, Sukoharjo District, which opened 97 students. The data collection technique is using proportional random sampling technique. Researchers took samples using the formula from Taro Yamane and Slovin so that a sample of 78 respondents was obtained. Data analysis using descriptive statistical analysis techniques, and the final analysis (hypothesis testing) using multiple regression test. The results obtained indicate that, there is a significant between intrapersonal intelligence and interpersonal intelligence on the mathematics learning motivation of students in Pringsewu Regency, this is evidenced by the value of Fcount 14,629 >Ftable 3.12, or Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.


The moon orchid [Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Bl.] is a popular orchid in the community, native orchid from Indonesia, and included in the list of endangered species. The pathogenic fungus that often attacks orchid leaves is Fusarium oxysporum, which causes fusarium wilt. Control of diseases that do not cause negative impacts can be done using superior cultivars resistant to F. oxysporum infection, through in vitro selection in the medium with the addition of fusaric acid. Fusaric acid is a metabolite produced by several fungal species of the genus fusarium and at non-toxic concentrations it helps to induce phytoalexin synthesis, increase chlorophyll and carbohydrate content when pathogen infasion. The purpose of this study was to find out the total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total dissolved carbohydrate content. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with one factor, namely the concentration of fusaric acid divided into 5 levels, namely 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, and 40 ppm with 5 replications each. The results showed an increase in the total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total dissolved carbohydrate content.


b:E-Mail: email@example.com Abstract Previously, the Taiwan Light Source (TLS) at NSRRC had proven that the good beam line quality depends on the utility system stability. Subsequently, several studies including the temperature control of cooling water and air conditioning were in progress for improving the system stability. Due to the importance of energy saving issue, the heavy power consumption of utility system was also discussed and intended to reduce extensively. The paper addresses some experience between optimal control and energy saving about operation of utility system in TLS. This provides a strategy between stability control and power reduction, including the flow balance, inverter usage, facility operation, control philosophy and so on.


Automatic and Featureless Sim(3) Calibration of Planar Lidars to Egomotion Sensors Jacob Lambert Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Aerospace Science and Engineering University of Toronto 2017 This thesis aims at generalizing the process of extrinsically calibrating two rigidly attached sensors on a mobile robot. Recent work in this area is revisited and its theory extended to the problem of recovering the Sim(3) transformation between a planar lidar and a monocular camera, where the scale of the camera trajectory is not known a priori. An efficient algorithm with only a single tuning parameter is implemented and studied. The robustness of the approach is tested on realistic simulations in multiple environments, as well as on data collected from a handheld sensor rig. Results show that, given a non-degenerate trajectory and a sufficient number of lidar measurements, the calibration procedure achieves millimetre-scale and sub-degree accuracy. Moreover, the method relaxes the need for specific scene geometry, fiducial markers, and overlapping sensor fields of view.


NUCLEUS AND ATTRACTION SPHERE. The earlier observers on the animal cell, following the lead -of the botanists, described a cell wall as one of its necessary .constituents. We now know that a cell wall is an exception father than the rule, and our definition of the animal cell is {hat of a mass of living substance or protoplasm, containing a nucleus in its interior. To this we must now add, at least ,for some cells, that another body called the attraction sphere by v. Beneden is also present. This attraction sphere becomes intermingled with the nucleus during the progress of cell division, and no doubt it is this body rather than the oucleus that takes the lead in the division of a cell into two. -The different views held with regard to the functions of the inucleus are very largely hypothetical. It, however, cannot be doubted that the nucleus exercises in some way a directing or controlling influence on the rest of the cell protoplasm;


Purpose— There is growing interest in network-based interventions to reduce HIV sexual risk behavior among both homeless youth and men who have sex with men (MSM). The goal of this study is to better understand the social network and individual correlates of sexual risk behavior among homeless MSM youth in order to inform these HIV prevention efforts. Methods— A multi-stage sampling design was used to recruit a probability sample of 121 homeless MSM youth (ages 16–24) from shelters, drop-in centers, and street venues in Los Angeles County. Face-to-face interviews were conducted. Due to the different distributions of the three outcome variables, three distinct regression models were needed: ordinal logistic regression for unprotected sex; zero-truncated Poisson regression for number of sex partners; and logistic regression for any sex trade. Results— Homeless MSM youth were less likely to engage in unprotected sex and had fewer sex partners if their networks included platonic ties to peers who regularly attended school, and had fewer sex partners if most of their network members were not heavy drinkers. Most other aspects of network composition were unrelated to sexual risk behavior. Individual predictors of sexual risk behavior included being older, Hispanic, lower education, depressive symptoms, less positive condom attitudes, and sleeping outdoors because of nowhere else to stay. Conclusions— HIV prevention programs for homeless MSM youth may warrant a multi-pronged approach that helps these youth strengthen their ties to prosocial peers, develop more positive condom attitudes, and access needed mental health and housing services. HIV/AIDS poses a significant public health threat among homeless MSM youth, yet efficacious prevention programs for this population are lacking. Results suggest that helping youth strengthen ties to prosocial peers, develop positive condom attitudes, and access needed mental health and housing services may reduce sexual risk behavior in this population.


The electronic absorption spectra of the iron-porphyrin chromophore are still not well understood despite the attention they command in physical, chemical, and biological investigations. The spectra are characterized by broad, overlapping bands and generally remain diffuse even at very low temperatures. Metal d + d and metalligand charge transfer type transitions may appear in the same frequency region and are often obscured in the ordinary solution spectrum by the intense absorption of the porphyrin pi electron system. For these reasons, few convincing spectral assignments have been made for other than porphyrin n -+ n* transitions. Nevertheless, from investigations using polarized light, considerable new insight can be gained into the origin of these exceedingly rich and complex spectra. The most informative polarized light experiment is the measurement of the anisotropic absorption of plane polarized light by single crystals. The unique experimental result obtained from the single crystal experiment is the molecular direction in which plane polarized light is maximally absorbed, i.e., the direction of the electric dipole transition moment. This parameter is of paramount importance in elucidating optical transition mechanisms since it can lead directly to the symmetry of the excited state, thereby providing a critical test of theoretical descriptions of the chromophore's electronic structure. With pure porphyrin or metalloporphyrin derivatives, there are serious experimental problems in obtaining a polarized -single crystal absorption spectrum. Because the chromophore concentration is so high (generally 2-5 M), extraordinarily thin crystal samples are required for measurements even in regions of only moderately intense absorption. Preparation of such thin crystals generally leads to small crystal faces, marginally suitable for absorption measurements even when microspectrophotometric techniques are employed. In the case of the triclinic tetraphenyl porphin crystal, this experimental difficulty was circumvented by Anex and Umans who measured the polarized specular reflectance spectrum and obtained


Abstract A phosphorus-containing biphenyl-type phenolic resin (PBP) was prepared by dehydration polycondensation of the DOPO-disubstituted 4,4'- biphenyldimethanol compound (BDCA-2DOPO) with phenol in the presence of strong Lewis acid , in which BDCA-2DOPO was prepared by the reaction of DOPO with 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde. The PBP resin has been evaluated as the curing agent of o-cresol epoxy resins. Experimental results indicated that the PBPcured epoxy resins exhibited good thermal stability, high char yields at 700 oC and outstanding flame retardant properties. UL 94 V-0 classifications could be obtained when the phosphorus loading in the epoxy resin is higher than 1.8 wt%.


BACKGROUND Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory reaction surrounding the hard and soft tissues of the implant that is functional in the patient's mouth. If left untreated, this might lead to further bone loss, loosening of the implant and the ultimate failure of the implant. There are many treatment modalities that have been suggested to treat periimplantitis, but there are no set guidelines or protocols for the same. Implantoplasty seems to be a viable option for treating peri-implantitis, as it involves the smoothening of the macro geometry of the supracrestal exposed implant surface thus reducing the plaque accumulation and ultimately preventing the bacterial recolonization and preventing the implant from failure. This study was done to evaluate the smoothness and the fracture resistance of the implants treated by implantoplasty and as an effective treatment for peri-implantitis. METHODS This in-vitro study was done on 5 failed implants, in which 4 were subjected to a sequence of dental burs and prophy paste and 1 implant was kept as a control. They were subjected to laser topography analysis to determine the smoothness after implantoplasty, and their fracture resistance was also checked in Instron. RESULTS Implant no. 4 subjected to both dental burs and prophy paste was considered to be the smoothest with the laser topography of 2.049 mm compared to the control that was 3.132 mm. Also, the fracture resistance between the implants and the control was similar. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion implantoplasty is a suggested treatment option for patients with periimplantitis keeping in mind the practical difficulties of the procedure. KEY WORDS Peri-Implantitis, Implantoplasty, Dental Burs, Surface Analysis


There is no doubting the ambivalence of Churchill's attitude to France as a British Francophile but also as a British patriot. Much depended on whether he perceived the interests of Britain and those of France as coinciding, as was fortunately the case for most of the period, and the article examines the ups and downs of his relations with the French through his long career, beginning with his first stay in Paris in 1883 and ending with his obvious enjoyment of the French Riviera after his withdrawal from world affairs in 1955. In between, the way he managed to surmount the major crises in Anglo-French relations, notably after June 1940, is discussed in the light of what must definitely be seen as an indefectible life-long attachment in spite of all the difficulties.


Aiming at the problem that the reliability of track quality and effectiveness evaluation of tactical data link system can not be objectively measured at present, an objective measurement evaluation confidence method is proposed. This method describes the evaluation confidence from three aspects: evaluation index, evaluation model and single sample classification confidence. In calculating the confidence of evaluation data, the confidence of evaluation data is determined by analyzing the uncertainty of evaluation data; In the aspect of calculating the confidence of evaluation model, the accuracy of pattern classification is transformed into a measure of confidence of evaluation model; In the aspect of calculating the classification confidence of single sample, according to the distribution relationship of different samples in high-dimensional space, a classification confidence calculation method suitable for most classification algorithms is given; Further, the above three aspects are integrated through the confidence propagation model to obtain the comprehensive evaluation confidence. The simulation results of radar anti-jamming effectiveness evaluation confidence show that this method does not use expert experience knowledge, and can objectively measure the confidence of effectiveness evaluation, and its results are not affected by the evaluation subject, which solves the problem that different experts give different confidence of effectiveness evaluation for the same equipment; Compared with the existing subjective methods, the accuracy is improved by 10%.


Private Passenger Automobile Bodily Injury (BI) Liability Insurance, the largest subline of property-casualty insurance in the United States, has experienced during the 1980's rapidly increasing &ii costs well in excess of the rate of overall inflation. The re-emergence of BI as a problem area has spotlighted traditional tort, no-fault and choice systems as competing vehicles for cost containment. Our purpose is to describe the current BI systems and to provide new methods based on micro-data and statistical models for pricing those systems. We build on the results of a major industrywide data gathering and research effon in Massachusetts. We observe that data on claimants, rather than on insureds, are critical for understanding BI systems and for supporting the least-squares, logistic and Tobit regression models for pricing alternative BI systems. The paper concludes with three applications: changing a monetary threshold, supplementing a trend factor and coordinating benefits with health insurance.


The concept of weakly singular elements is introduced in this paper.Some important results on weakly singular elements are obtained.For example:1.Every non-zero element in L are weakly singular elements if and only if L∈A.2.L∈FS,then a non-zero element g is weakly singular element if and only if g is the union of finite basic elements.


This paper is conducted to investigate mixed convection flow within triangular enclosures having heatline concept. Here the left vertical wall which is moving from the bottom corner of the enclosure is also kept at a uniform constant cold temperature and the bottom wall is heat generating, while the other inclined wall is adiabatic. A finite element analysis is performed for solving the governing equations which are discretized by Galerkin weighted residual method of finite element formulation. The present numerical procedure adopted in this investigation yields consistent performance over a wide range of parameters Prandtl number, Pr (Pr = 0.71 6) varying Rayleigh number (Ra) from 10 3 to 10 4 while Reynolds number, Re (Re = 50) is fixed. The Result also indicates streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt number along the hot wall, average temperature of the fluid in the enclosure. The computational results also indicate that the average Nusselt number at the hot wall of the Enclosure is depending on the dimensionless parameters.


Gas diffusion layer (GDL) is a crucial component of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) that participates in the transport of reactant gases and removes water from the system. In this research, a two dimensional (2D) model was developed and simulated to determine the effects of porosity and thickness of GDL on PEMFC performance by using MATLAB. The GDL model presented the contour profiles illustrating the distribution of oxygen mass fraction in the cathode GDL. The model also well agreed with experimental results available in literature. In the simulation of GDL model, higher-porosity GDL showed higher cell performance because of the numerous void spaces that enhanced the diffusion of oxygen to the catalyst layer. Simulation results further showed that a thicker GDL produced a lower-performance cell. All these factors contributed to the lower oxygen concentration near the catalyst layer and GDL interface and thus the lower cell performance. Through the GDL model, the optimum porosity and thickness of GDL were found to be 0.8 and 130 μm, respectively. Index Term-GDL; PEMFC; MATLAB; porosity; thickness


Credit: Jes Mugley under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 How important are bike lanes to successful bike-sharing? Judging by some bike-share maps, not at all. Surprisingly, very few online maps that show the distribution of bike-share docking stations include bike lane networks. Safe bike lanes, and the knowledge of how those bike lanes connect together and in turn connect to other forms of transport, help to mainstream bike-sharing as a mode of transport and improve overall bike-sharing system performance. One recent study even points out a statistically significant relationship between the number of trips by bike-share and the supply of bike lanes. For this reason, integrating bike-share systems with networks of bike lanes is key to increasing ridership and making bike-share safe and desirable for users.


The larva and pupa of Heterogomphus dilaticollis Burmeister and Podischnus agenor (Olivier) (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini) are described for the first time based on specimens from Colombia. Podischnus agenor is the first species in the genus to have its immature stages described. Keys to the third-instar larvae of genera in the tribe Oryctini and species of Heterogomphus are included. Data on larval natural history for both species are provided.


The chemistry of the atmosphere is substantially influenced by a wide range of chemical processes which are primarily driven by the action of ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths shorter than 320 nm (UV-B) on ozone and water vapor. This leads to the formation of hydroxyl (OH) radicals which, despite very low tropospheric concentrations, remove most gases that are emitted into the atmosphere by natural and anthropogenic processes. Therefore, although only about 10% of all atmospheric ozone is located in the troposphere, through the formation of OH, it determines the oxidation efficiency of the atmosphere and is, therefore, of the utmost importance for maintaining its chemical composition. Due to a variety of human activities, especially through increasing emissions of CH4, CO, and NOx, the concentrations of tropospheric ozone and hydroxyl are expected to be increasing in polluted and decreasing in clean tropospheric environments. Altogether, this may be leading to an overall decrease in the oxidation efficiency of the atmosphere, contributing to a gradual buildup of several longlived trace gases that are primarily removed by reaction with OH. In the stratosphere, especially due to catalytic reactions of chlorine-containing gases of industrial origin, ozone is being depleted, most drastically noted during the early spring months over Antarctica. Because ozone is the only atmospheric constituent that can significantly absorb solar radiation in the wavelength region 240 - 320 nm, this loss of ozone enhances the penetration of biologically harmful UV-B radiation to the earth's surface with ensuing negative consequences for the biosphere. Several of the aforementioned chemically active trace gases with growing trends in the atmosphere are also efficient greenhouse gases. Together they can exert a warming effect on the earth's climate about equal to that of carbon dioxide.


John Miller's response to my article about the meaning of' abdicate' and 'contract' in the Glorious Revolution is both interesting and perplexing.' Miller's essay is interesting, in part, because he agrees with two of the major premises of my article; it is perplexing because he does not understand this to be so. Perhaps a restatement of my central contentions will help to set the stage for the reexamination of the Glorious Revolution that both Miller and I advocate. There are four central arguments contained in my article, two historiographic, and two historical. For reasons of space and grace, I will confine my comments to these central issues. First, I will address the historiographic points. The organizing historiographic principle of my article was that a new wave of tory historians in general, and J. P. Kenyon in particular, has distorted the meaning of the Glorious Revolution by selectively ignoring evidence which does not conform with their vision of the event. Kenyon wrote an entire book about the meaning of the Revolution without understanding what seems to me the key body of documents for discerning parliament's intentions the conference debates between lords and commons. Nor did Kenyon acknowledge accurately the lords' perceptions of theory and fact as contained in their journals.2 My intentions were to show how these two small bodies of sources plus Kenyon's anachronistic understanding of the ambiguous verb 'abdicate' drastically alter our understanding of the reality he purports to reveal. The sources demonstrate that the Revolution was far more complex as a matter of both theory and practical politics than tory historians of recent years have admitted. What I contend is not that my short essay is the last word on the Glorious Revolution. On the contrary, it was my hope that revelations about current misunderstandings would reopen the debate and result in more research and reconsideration of the issues I raised. My six pages or so on contract theory, for example, do nothing more than begin a discussion that it would take volumes to end. That is precisely the point of the article. Miller shares my belief that scholars should examine all relevant sources, thus implicitly corroborating my criticism of Kenyon. For some reason, however, he chastizes me for not utilizing other significant documents even though those documents shed no new light on the particular issues I discuss and even though it was Kenyon who claimed to offer a book-length synthesis of intentionality and reality in I 688-9.


I study the effect of coeducational classrooms on students' academic performances and science course enrollment using student-level data from a Korean high school that, at the beginning of each academic year, quasi-randomly assigned students to either a single-sex or a coeducational classroom. This paper presents two main findings. First, among girls with high achievements in Korean, coeducation increases Korean exam scores by 0.11 standard deviations. Second, coeducation increases a girl's probability of enrolling in Physics and Chemistry, both of which are shown in the data to be boy-dominated science subjects, by 71.4 percent and 28.1 percent, respectively.


In this study, the amino propyl trimethoxy silane was used for the surface modification of silica, and the modified silica was adsorbed to surface of clay/silica (SiO2 : Clay = 4:1 and 2:1) and the clay/silica was adsorbed by the surfactant. Also, we used Dimethyldistearylammonium chloride (DMDSAC) and Dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (DTPPB) surfactant to modify clay/silica. Then we prepared the Epoxy/clay/silica nanocomposites and Epoxy/clay/silica/DOPO composites. In FTIR analysis, we found the Si-O-Si bond of silica and amino silane at 1114 cm-1, the N-H absorption peak emerges at 1564 cm-1, and the C-H absorption peak occurs at 2858 cm-1, 2926 cm-1. In DSC analysis, we found the glass transition temperature of nanocomposites were 152.0 oC and 150.1 oC, when the content of clay were 1.2 wt % and 2.0 wt% respectively. When the temperature of post cure in preparing nanocomposites reaches 200 oC, the glass transition temperature of nanocomposites were 178.0 oC and 170.3 oC. Therefore, increasing the temperature of post cure can lead the nanocomposite crosslinked completely and the segmental mobility of epoxy polymer decreased with the consequence of higher glass transition temperatures. In TEM studies, we found the d-spacing of clay galleries were enlarged by silica particles and clay platelets were highly exfoliated. When the clay in nanocomposites reached 0.2 wt %, the d-spacing of clay was 30 ~ 40 nm. When the clay in the nanocomposites reached to 1.2 wt % and 2.0 wt %, the d-spacing of clay was 30 nm and 20 nm, respectively.We found, in the nanocomposites containing 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) flame retardant, when the content of clay were 1.2 wt % and 1.9 wt %, the clay aggregate more and the d-spacing was 20 and 15 nm respectively. In the analysis of TGA, the thermal decomposition temperature of nanocomposites at TG = 95 % decreases with the increase of DOPO, the char yield is high at 800 oC. In LOI studies, the LOI of pure epoxy is 26.3. When adding the DOPO in the pure epoxy, the LOI is 28.3. The LOI of nanocomposites increases to 32.0 when the clay in the nanocomposites reaches 1.9 wt %. When the amount of clay in the nanocomposites increases to 1.8 wt %, the LOI of nanocomposites is 30.5. It is suggest that nanocomposites with clay can improve the flame retardancy and the in corporation of silica enhances the contact surface area between clay and epoxy resin and hence becomes more flame retardant. In the analysis of DMA, when the post cure temperature of nanocomposites is 150 oC, the E' value increase from 19.2 % to 61.3 % at 35 oC. When the post cure temperature of nanocomposites is 200 oC, the E' value increased from 1.8 % to 43.5 % at 35 oC. With the addition of the DOPO in the nanocomposites under the clay content from 0.4 wt % to 1.9 wt %, the E' value increases from 8.8 % to 27.4 % at 35 oC.


This paper presents a deep learning framework for sub-seasonal forecasting. The novelty relative to Rasp et al (2020) is the self-attention mechanism. An additional innovation is the extraction of intra-seasonal oscillation components. This extraction eases the learning task, as the only predictable atmospheric motions at the sub-seasonal lead time are the low-frequency components. The authors compare their framework to a version without self-attention and to numerical forecasts. The comparison is detailed, with multiple scores and a case study. Possibilities for clarification do however exist. This could increase the trustworthiness of the results.


Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including its severe form known as steatohepatitis or NASH, are increasingly common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and can progress to cirrhosis. However, there is limited information on their comorbid medical conditions in "real world" practice. Thus, the disease characteristics of patients with NASH or NASH-cirrhosis (cirrhosis), with or without T2DM, was evaluated in TARGET-NASH, an ongoing longitudinal observational study of patients with NAFLD, who are managed according to local standards at 60 community and academic hepatology and endocrinology practices in the United States. Among 3085 patients enrolled with NASH or cirrhosis, 1645 had NASH (47% T2DM) and 1440 had cirrhosis (72% T2DM). Patients with T2DM were older (median 61 vs. 56 years) and had a higher median BMI (34.0 vs. 32.0 kg/m2, p In conclusion, patients with type 2 diabetes and NASH or cirrhosis had more advanced liver disease compared to those without type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes had more than twice the risk of cirrhosis compared to those without type 2 diabetes. These results support a strong link of type 2 diabetes and metabolic risk factors with advanced NASH. Disclosure K. Cusi: Consultant; Self; Allergan plc., AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc. Research Support; Self; Cirius Therapeutics, Echosens, Eli Lilly and Company, Inventiva Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk Inc., Poxel SA, Zydus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. M. Roden: Advisory Panel; Self; Servier. Board Member; Self; Poxel SA. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, Inc., ProSciento, TARGET PharmaSolutions. Research Support; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Novartis Pharma K.K., Sanofi US. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. A.S. Barritt: Consultant; Self; GENFIT, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., TARGET PharmaSolutions. R.J. Firpi: None. V. Clark: Research Support; Self; GENFIT, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc. S. Klein: Advisory Panel; Self; Danone Nutricia, Merck & Co., Inc. Research Support; Self; Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Aspire Bariatrics. A. Lok: None. P. Newsome: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. K. Corbin: None. M.B. Vos: Advisory Panel; Self; TARGET PharmaSolutions. Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd., Immuron, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk A/S. Research Support; Self; Bristol Myers Squibb. R. Reddy: Advisory Panel; Self; Ambys, Epigenomics AG, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co., Inc. Research Support; Self; Conatus Pharmaceuticals, Exact Sciences, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Co., Inc. C. Schoen: None. A.R. Mospan: Employee; Self; TARGET PharmaSolutions. J.L. Taunk: None. K. Wyne: Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. Research Support; Self; Sanofi. B. Neuschwander-Tetri: Advisory Panel; Self; 89Bio, Allysta, ARTham, Blade, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gelesis, GENFIT, Histoindex, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Medpace, Merck & Co., Inc., Sagimet, Siemens Corporation. Consultant; Self; Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Axcella, DURECT Corporation, Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Fortress, Indalo, Innovo, Lipocine, Mundipharma International, pH-Pharma, TARGET PharmaSolutions. A. Sanyal: Consultant; Self; Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lilly Diabetes, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk A/S, Pfizer Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; DURECT Corporation, GENFIT, HemoShear, Sanyal Bio, Tiziana Life Sciences plc. Funding TARGET-NASH


What are the terms of dance that allow for the emergence of Black dance? How are identity and culture implicated in the articulation of genres of dance? How is it that televisual dance – music video dance – inevitably seems to refer to Black dance and its aesthetic values? What are the foundational modes of gesture, rhythm, musicality and social relationship that produce Black dance? This chapter considers the formation of Black dance as a critical category created by dancers, and the terms of address that produce that same category among researchers and critics. An assessment of historical becomings of Black dance allows us to think through the different sorts of access that insiders and outsiders have to its contents. The chapter will consider examples of dance to suggest divergent, but related, forms of Black dance: theatrical and social. The terms of a 'doing' for Black dance as resistant demonstration and embodied aesthetic protest will be discussed through the examples. We will also consider cultural appropriation as an urgent mode of analysis relevant to the construction of Black performance theory and Black dance.


ABSTRACT Primary Objective: To identify risk factors for intracerebral lesion (ICL) in older adults with mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) and evaluate the influence of comorbidities on outcomes. Research Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods and Procedures: Information was gathered on clinical history/examination, cranial computed tomography, admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, analytical and coagulation findings, and mortality at 1 week post-discharge. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, calculating odds ratios for ICL with 95% confidence interval. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Main Outcomes and Results: Data were analyzed on 504 patients with mean±SD age of 79.37 ± 8.06 years. Multivariate analysis showed that traffic accident, GCS score of 14/15, transient consciousness loss, nausea, and receipt of antiplatelets were predictors of ICL, while SRRI and/or benzodiazepine intake was a protective factor. A score was assigned to patients by rounding OR values, and a score ≥1 indicated moderate/high risk of ICL. Conclusions: MTBI management should be distinct in over-60 year-olds, who may not present typical symptoms, with frequent comorbidities. Knowledge of risk factors for post-MTBI ICL, associated with higher mortality, is important to support clinical decision-making. Further research is warranted to verify our novel finding that benzodiazepines and/or SSRI inhibitors may act as neuroprotectors.


The drawbacks of the current state of transform based coding algorithms used in the CCITT H.261 video coding standard are evaluated. The inefficiencies of the CCITT H.261 based algorithms can be seen as: (1) the image is partitioned into fixed block-size of 8 by 8 pixels for processing. The encoded information of the codec has a fixed data structure which may not be efficient in terms of minimal data representation. The fixed block-size approach is not adaptive to the change of scene activity. (2) The use of a single last-frame for predictive conditional replenishment coding is not effective and is highly susceptible to accumulated interframe coding error. In this paper, we attempt to improve the CCITT H.261 based coding algorithms by finding a solution to the above mentioned inefficiencies. Two major developments have been accomplished for efficient coding of video signals. First, an adaptive video coding algorithm with the aim to obtain the desirable attributes of an efficient or ideal data structure for the encoded information is developed and implemented. Next, a background predictor is implemented with the adaptive video coding algorithm to improve the efficiency of predictive conditional replenishment coding in H.261 based algorithms. The results obtained from the proposed, 'adaptive transform coder with uncovered background predictor' algorithm compare favorably with those of H.261 based algorithms. The new method renders a more significant gain in compression ratio than the fixed block-size algorithm and the peak signal-to-noise-ratio is only a fraction of decibel lower than that of a fixed block-size algorithm. The results were obtained by testing the new algorithm with standard test sequences of images.


Factor XI (FXI) is a 160kD homodimeric component of the intrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation system. The FXI Apple 4 domain (A4) mediates homodimer formation even when the cysteine responsible for the intermolecular disulfide is mutated to serine (C321S). Preliminary NMR structural studies of the isolated wild type (wt) A4 domain showed a flattened, planar structure (Samuel D, Cheng H, Riley PW, Walsh PN, Roder H. Blood104, 481a, 2004), compared to a more globular structure consisting of two layers of β-sheet and a flanking α-helix that was observed on further analysis of wt and C321S A4. Hydrogen exchange NMR and surface NMR analysis (SEAHSQC), as well as temperature dependent hydrogen exchange NMR showed that in C321S and wt A4, the loop surrounding C321 or S321 is flexible and exposed to the solvent. Thus, the globular structure is the major species in both wt and C321S A4, but the planar structure is present as well. Fluorescence anisotropy studies of C321S A4 yielded a K d value of ~64 nM (monomeric protein concentration), compared with ~72 nM for a dissociable mutant full-length FXI (G326C) obtained by analytical ultracentrifugation (Sinha D, Marcinkiewicz M, Lear JD, Walsh PN. Biochemistry, in press, 2005), suggesting that only the A4 domain mediates dimer formation in the intact protein. In addition, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) studies of the folding equilibrium of C321S A4 indicate that starting from the unfolded monomeric state, partial folding precedes dimerization. This folding mechanism for FXI A4 is consistent with the observed failure of a naturally occurring mutant (FXI F283L) to dimerize intracellularly (Meijers JC, Davie EW, Chung DW. Blood79, 1435–1440, 1992). To determine the structural consequences of the mutation, F283L was introduced into the noncovalent dimer C321S A4, which increased the K d of the homodimer interaction to ~5 μM, but did not change the secondary structure (from comparison of the CD spectra), or the high degree of thermostability observed for C321S A4. Since the F283 sidechain has been tentatively assigned to the surface of FXI A4 near the interface, the mutation to Leu may significantly alter the interface, thereby raising the K d but not changing the overall secondary structure significantly. In summary, there appears to be a mechanism by which a conformational change or productive folding process occurs in the monomer state that activates it for native dimer formation. Also, inserting the F283L (type III) patient mutation does affect the dimer stability, but not the overall secondary structure.


Objective To study the necessity of opening the public optional course,Doctor-patient Communication,the rationality of teaching links and practicability of this course.Methods A self-prepared questionnaire,including awareness of this course,teaching content,teaching process,examining method,teaching effect and other issues,was used to survey and evaluated the opening of Doctor-patient Communication.Results The majority of students agreed that it was necessary to opening this course,and the teaching content,teaching process were reasonable and made great gains.Some good suggestions were caught.Conclusion The work of investigation and analysis of public elective course can provide a scientific field for curriculum reform,culture program amend.


This paper analyzes the effects of dynamically varying video contents and detection latency on the real-time detection accuracy of a detector and proposes a new run-time accuracy variation model, ROMA, based on the findings from the analysis. ROMA is designed to select an optimal detector out of a set of detectors in real time without label information to maximize real-time object detection accuracy. ROMA utilizing four YOLOv4 detectors on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano shows real-time accuracy improvements by 4 to 37% for a scenario of dynamically varying video con-tents and detection latency consisting of MOT17Det and MOT20Det datasets, compared to individual YOLOv4 detectors and two state-of-the-art runtime techniques.


The definition of strong FS-Posets is given.Some properties of strong FS-Posets are discussed,and it is proved that strong FS-Posets not only are continuous,but also are Scott.Based on strong FS-Posets,the concept of strong FS-Lattices is given.Some properties of strong FS-Lattices are studied.Strong FS-Lattices are characteristic of the function space.The sufficient and necessary conditions for a continuous lattice to be a strong FS-Lattice are obtained.


The far-field power transmitted from a corner reflector was maximized by varying its direction angle and corner angle. The optimal direction angle and corner angle are found by the modal autofocus method. The method is shown to converge over a wide range of initial angles. The results are demonstrated in a physical experiment along with complimentary numerical predictions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.


Morphometric Characteristic of Oesophagus and Intestine in Black Scoter, Melanitta nigra (Anseriformes), Wintering in the Polish Baltic Coast. Dzia/la-Szczepanćzyk E. — The material for the studies was oesophagi and intestines of 52 individuals of the Black Scoter Melanitta nigra Linnaeus — 32 males (5 immature and 27 adult ones) and 20 females (11 immature and 9 adult ones). The following morphometric features of the alimentary system were analysed: oesophagus length EL and weight EW, duodenum length DL, combined length of jejunum and ileum JIL, combined length CBL and weight CBW of both caeca, small intestine length SIL, and combined length of rectum and cloaca RCL. In the analysis the sex and age of birds was taken into consideration, as well as their body sizes characterised by four parameters: body weight BW, body length BL, sternum length SL, and tarsus length TL. Despite the revealed significant dimorphic differences in the features describing the size of black scoters' bodies, only in EL, EW and RCL significant differences between males and females were recorded. No ontogenetic differences concerning black scoters' body sizes within each sex occurred. Such differences were, however, revealed both in the group of males and females with reference to EW, JIL, and CBW. A positive correlation for the relation of CBL to SIL and a negative one for the relation of EW to both parameters of caeca and to JIL were shown.


There are two different approaches to the prophetic concern regarding debt acquisition and the related rulings. The Prophet (peace be upon him) was recorded as having discouraged debt while other verbal traditions provided guidelines on how to manage debt in a socially responsible manner. This paper aims to analyse these two contrary views according to the Maqasid Shariah and look at how this has impacted juristic rulings. Furthermore, the paper reviews classical fiqh theories on debt, sale of debt, al-Muqassah, Suftajah, Hawalah, and Ibra. The paper also reviews the theoretical perspective on the sale of debt according to the understanding of Islamic scholars across the schools of Islamic Jurisprudence which has a substantial impact on the contemporary practices in Islamic banking and the Islamic capital market.


The study investigates the prosody of French interrogatives produced by L1 German learners of three different proficiency levels. Control data from French native speakers are taken into account. The materials analyzed were recorded using two different versions of a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) for the advanced learners and the native controls and a scripted version thereof in the form of a screenplay for the beginners. It is shown that despite the general difference between the intonation systems of (phrase-based) French and (word-based) German the learners mostly produce well identifiable interrogative contours, and their data do not differ significantly from the native control data regarding the use of F0, measured in terms of pitch range and variability (Pitch Dynamism Quotient, PDQ). However, the learners differ significantly from the native speakers in presenting a lower speech rate and in their way of (re)syllabifying their utterances: they produce less target-like instances of liaison and enchaînement and more word-initial glottalizations. This suggests that, at least for short speech acts such as we analyzed, the learners' challenge to produce the prosody of French interrogatives in a target-like way rather refers to the syllabic than to the intonational level.


This invention relates to hydroxylated derivatives of vitamin D2, to processes for preparing such compounds, to intermediates utilized in such processes and to certain isotopically labelled vitamin D2 compounds. The vitamin D2 derivatives would find application in the treatment of or prophylaxsis for various disease states characterized by calcium and phosphorous imbalances and as a substitute for vitamin D3 and its metabolites in their various applications.


A bread manufacturing apparatus is provided to prevent the damage of the structure of a kneading material caused when the kneading material is transferred and pressurized compulsorily. A bread manufacturing apparatus includes a kneading material supply unit(110), a hardening unit(120), a pressurizing unit(130), a transfer unit(140), a stuffing supply unit(150), a rolling unit(160), a cutting unit(170), and a controller(180). The pressurizing unit is installed on a pressurizing portion(131) installed on one side of the hardening unit to pressurize the kneading material(191) that passes through the hardening unit to have predetermined width and thickness. The stuffing supply unit supplies stuffing on the upper part of the kneading material that is transferred by the transfer unit.


Current underwater acoustics students require a theoretical knowledge of propagation, scattering, and target strength as well as practical knowledge of how these concepts are applied in the modern sonar system. A curriculum based on the sonar equation was developed at the University of Texas, which includes theoretical propagation methods such as ray theory and normal modes, important oceanographic phenomena, target and interface scattering, sonar signal processing, and basic sonar design. This curriculum is described in order to spur a discussion of teaching for the modern underwater acoustics student.


This paper argues that current account statistics may provide a poor indication for the real evolution of a country's net foreign assets. This may be due to a series of factors including the mismeasurement of FDI, unreported trade of insurance or liquidity services and debt relief. Because of these problems we suggest estimating net foreign assets by capitalizing the net investment income and then estimating the current account from the changes in this stock of foreign assets. We call dark matter the difference between our measure of net foreign assets and that portrayed by official statistics. We find dark matter to be important for many countries and that it relates to FDI flows, domestic volatility, and debt relief. We also find that, once dark matter is taken into account, global net asset positions appear to be relatively stable. In particular, the exports of dark matter of the US appear to be fairly steady and large enough to keep the US net asset position stable, casting doubts on the need for a major adjustment of the dollar or a large rebalancing of the global economy. [Jointly published as Center for International Development Working Paper No. 124 and KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series RWP06-003.]


We discuss a scenario of \the path to physics at the Planck scale" where todays theory of the interactions of elementary particles, the so called Standard Model (SM), emerges as a low energy eective theory describing the long distance properties of a sub{observable medium existing at the Planck scale, which we call \ether". Properties of the ether can only be observable to the extent that they are relevant to characterize the universality class of the totality of systems which exhibit identical low energy behavior. In such a picture the SM must be embedded into a \Gaussian extended SM" (GESM), a quantum eld theory (QFT) which includes the SM but is extended in such a way that it exhibits a quasi infrared (IR) stable xed point in all its couplings. Some phenomenological consequences of such a scenario are discussed.


Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) technologies offer the potential to create parts with local control of the composition (LCC). This work develops the representations, methods, tools and design rules needed to allow for the design and fabrication of parts with locally varying composition. Three Dimensional Printing is used as a prototypical Solid Freeform Fabrication process. The goal is to provide the designer with tools sufficient to allow the designer to create a successful part with "oneway information flow", that is, flow of information from the designer through the fabrication sequence without iteration. This paper focuses on the post-processing of representations, which includes information on local composition control. Such representations are first rendered as halftone images, in accordance with the digital aspect of Three Dimensional Printing. The boundary geometry information is then reconciled with the interior composition information and machine-specific code is generated to drive a 3-D Printing machine. Demonstration parts with composition that varies from the surface toward the interior of the parts have been fabricated using this technology.