Local government is the principal part of China's improvement of environmental pollution,and its expenditure efficiency of environmental protection is of great significance for the improvement of the ecological environment level. Although there have been already a certain number of documents focused on the estimate of our government's expenditure efficiency of environmental protection, seldom have any documents carried on in-depth researches on the cause of the difference existing in local government's expenditure efficiency of environmental protection. This paper intends to use the DEA method for the estimate of local government's expenditure efficiency of environmental protection,and has found that the comprehensive technical efficiency of local government's environmental protection expenditure in five provinces-Anhui,Fujian,Jiangxi,Shandong and Henan,turns out to be highest,and huge difference exists in the expenditure efficiency of environmental protection in different provinces. On this basis,calculating data according to efficiency in this paper is within the range of features of intercepting,and uses the Tobit mode of maximum likelihood estimation to do empirical analysis on factors of local government's expenditure efficiency of environmental protection. Research results show that: local governments in most of the provinces in China have low expenditure efficiency of environmental protection, and the fiscal decentralization degree keeps a negative correlation relationship with local government's expenditure efficiency of environmental protection. Therefore,it is recommended that the local governments should improve the expenditure efficiency of environmental protection,uphold and improve the revenue-sharing financial management system,and enhance the directive role that the policy of payment transferring has played in guiding the behavior of local governments.


A displacement monitoring system has been developed using the Global Positioning System. It has been applied to large slopes of limestone quarries, landslide slopes to monitor the slope stability. The system can measure the three dimensional displacements continuously and automatically. The accuracy of measurements is beyond the standard one of the GPS by applying the trend model to the measurement results.This paper focuses on two topics. One is long-term continuous monitoring and the other is monitoring under the condition of the high height difference between the measurement points. The errors and the periodic characteristics of the measurement results are discussed through case studies. And then the standard deviation is shown in the relation to the distance and the height difference between measurement points. It will be available for planning the displacement measurement using GPS.


Carbon is one of the most frequent foreign interstitial atoms in the iron matrix, The presence of even a very little amount of these impurities can have a drastic inl1uence on the steel properties, It is well know that the strong interaction between interstitial solute carbon atoms and dislocations drive many mechanical properties of steels, ln partieular, it has important effects on the yield stress and is responsible of mechanical instabilities observed during the static strain ageing, which implies the formation of Cottrell atmosphere (Luders' band), and the dynamic strain ageing, which occurs generally at high temperature and involves a competitive motion of dislocations and interstitial atoms (Portevin - Le Chatelier effect). This thesis work aims at characterizing the interaction between an interstitial carbon atom and a dislocation by means of numerical simulations at the atomistic scale. Since the properties of dislocations in body-centered cubic iron rely mainly on the dislocation core structure which depends on the interatomic potential used, this work has been carried out with a newly designed empirical potential which describes correctly the non degenerated screw dislocation core structure, as predicted by ab initio calculations. ln a first part, molecular statics has been used to determine the binding energy between the screw dislocation and a carbon atom, placed in different positions, ln a second part, dynamical simulations have been performed by applying a constant shear strain to the simulation box which makes the dislocation move on its gliding plane, ln the course of these simulations, 3 types of behaviour were observed, When the dislocation arrives close to the carbon atom, it can keep moving on its plane, ln a second scenario, the dislocation changes of slip plane, this is a typical exemple of cross slip. ln the 3rd type of behaviour, it is the carbon atom which moves when the dislocation is too close to it. It can jump to an adjacent octahedral site of the same plane or move onto another plane, The kind of behaviour observed depends on the local structure of the dislocation core in the vinicity of the carbon atom which intluence can be felt only lor short interaction distances. The simulations carried out in the frameworks of this thesis, are part of a multiscale modeling approach, which aims at predicting the evolution of material properties, based on the knowledge of the atomic structure and properties of elementar processes, i,e, processeses occuring at the atomic level.


In eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Atlantic slave narratives, the tradition of the oral examination followed by the (white) examiner's statement of approval persisted in written form. The paratextual material—prefaces, introductions, and codas—that "framed" a slave narrative most often functioned as an authoritative white verification of a black author's intellectual abilities and good moral character. Most often written by white antislavery activists, these introductory and concluding notes were, at their most basic level, appended to a slave narrative to vouch for the ability of the black author to articulate and/or inscribe her own story. 2 In addition, these textual framing devices corroborated the details of the subsequent narrative. They vouched that the slave's story was a true-to-life, factually accurate portrait of the horrors of slavery. Oftentimes an offshoot of former slaves' tours on abolitionist lecture circuits, during which some were encouraged to turn their naked backs to an audience in order to display the physical scars of slavery, the white-authored paratextual frames of slave narratives manifested a similar desire to "vividly" show readers a portrait of slavery "whose veracity is unimpeachable," slavery's truth ostensibly made doubly true by the authenticating aid of a white voice (qtd. in Douglass 42). Among these "framers," Thomas Pringle, a Scottish abolitionist activist, is known for his overbearing presence throughout The History of Mary Prince (1831). Mary Prince was a former plantation slave from the British Caribbean colonies who was freed/abandoned by her owners after she had traveled with them from Antigua to England (Prince 33). 3 Barbara Baumgartner finds Thomas Pringle's narrative presence in Mary Prince's History


Arguing for the universality of spirit return, we reject the supposition that multiple personality disorder (MPD) has its origin in 'fragmented' self. 'Fusion' of these extraneous personae may be a very bad idea, for clairvoyance has a downside, and many 'multiples' are mediums, even unbeknownst to themselves. Triggered by trauma (abuse), the victim of MPD displays various talents akin to those of the psychic sensitive which, in turn, resemble the manifestations of spirit possession. And MPD may have nothing to do with the putative subconscious. MPD is here viewed as a special case of psychic invasion. We need to consolidate our knowledge not only of MPD, but also of Out-of-Body Experiences (OBE) and Near-Death Experiences (NDE), etc.


This research is aimed to analyze K.H. Aceng Zakaria's thought of Islamic education which is focused on his educational practice to the Organization of Persatuan Islam (Persis) from 1975 to 2006. It's very interesting to study K.H. Aceng Zakaria's thought. At least, there are two reasons: firstly, there wasn't research which raised the aspect of Persatuan Islam's 'ulama, especially in thought of educational domain, especially from the third generation. Secondly, K.H. Aceng Zakaria is known as an ulama's of Persis who gives a lot of contribution in education not only the book but also his creativity to hold any alternative educational forum in term of providing people's interest to learn Islamic knowledge. As one of Persis's ulama , his religiosity's thought as same as other Persis ulama identical with purification idea which features as well as Salafi or salafiyyah movement. Based on this study shows, this movement often adhered to the number of stigmatizations, such as rigidity, radical attitude, and some of the similar stigma. The assumption justified when reading a book written by Tsaqil bin Shalfiq al-Qasimi entitled "Rooting out Ahlul Ahwa and Bid'ah ". It's the difference from the stigmatizations, through this research, the writer concludes that the consistency of returning Islamic practice to al-Quran and al-Sunnah tends to push progressive attitude. It's proven through educational views of K.H. Aceng Zakaria which focused into an educational book written by K.H. Aceng Zakaria entitled " Zad al-Muta'allim ", and his educational practice since he has decided to dedicate his life to the Persis.


The images of liquid and vaporphase of diesel spray at ultra-high injection pressure were measured by planar laser induced exciplex fluorescence technique in an optical engine.The concentration distribution of liquid-phase and vapor-phase were obtained and analyzed. The chamber named as BUMP combustion chamber in experiments was ω type chamber with a bump ring.The ultra-high injection pressure was realized by fuel supply system whose injection pressure could reach up to 240 MPa.The results showed that with the increase of injection pressure the distribution of the vapor-phase became more uniformly.This behavior became obviously with bump ring and strong squish.Decreasing in vapor-phase normalized fluorescence intensity by 62.500 is observed when injection pressure increases from 160 MPa to 240 MPa.


This paper presents the first complete purification of the branched chain aminotransferase (EC 188.8.131.52) from rat brain cytosol (BCAT,). On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the enzyme appeared as a single band with a molecular mass of 47 kDa;  however, gel exclusion chromatography suggested that BCAT, is a dimer. Comparison of tryptic peptide maps of BCAT, and the mitochondrial form of the enzyme (BCAT,) indicated that they are different proteins. Experiments with protein labeling reagents, in particular sulfhydryl reagents, also suggested that there may be some distinct structural differences in BCAT, and BCAT,. Nevertheless, BCAT, and BCAT, showed similar specificities for amino acid and a-keto acid substrates. Both enzymes transaminated branched chain amino acids, their straight chain analogs, Lalloisoleucine and glutamate. A broader range of aketo acids than amino acids was accepted as substrate including a-ketobutyrate and the a-keto acid of methionine. Both enzymes exhibited ping-pong kinetics with apparent K,,, values for leucine and isoleucine of about 1 and 5 mM for valine, respectively. K,,, values for aketoglutarate ranged from about 0.6 to 3 mM depending on the amino acid substrate. Polyclonal antibodies were raised in rabbits against purified BCAT,.  BCAT, antiserum  neutralized branched chain aminotransferase activity in rat brain cytosol but did not affect the activity in a heart mitochondrial extract. However, immunoblotting showed that BCAT, and BCAT, do share common epitopes since BCAT, antiserum recognized BCAT, on the immunoblots. The tissue distribution of BCAT, was examined using BCAT, and BCAT, antisera. These data showed that BCAT, was found in adult and fetal rat brain, cultured cells from fetal rat brain cortex, ovary, and placenta. Brain had the highest activity followed by ovary, fetal brain, and placenta. BCAT, was not found in fetal liver, adult rat liver, or a rat hepatoma cell ine.  These data  provide  clear  evidence  that BCAT,, unlike BCAT,, is restricted to several highly specialized tissues.


The utility model relates to an external fixer for a department of orthopaedics. The utility model comprises a main frame, fixing needles and a T-shaped sleeve barrel, wherein, the main frame is divided into three parts, the middle part of the main frame is a telescopic adjustable section, and both sides of the main frame are two installation sections for the fixing needles. The telescopic adjustable section is divided into two parts, one part is provided with a core rod, and the end of the other part opposite to a core rod is designed into a sleeve pipe structure. The core rod is arranged in a sleeve pipe, and the core rod and the sleeve pipe are matched with each other; the core rod is provided with a long slot, one side of the long slot is provided with a bar-shaped tooth, and a shifting gear which is matched with the bar-shaped tooth in the long slot is arranged in the long slot. The center of the shifting gear is hollowed out to form a through hole in which a pin is arranged. The sleeve pipe is provided with a through hole on the wall, and the position of the through hole is corresponding to the position of the long slot on the core rod. An annular fixing ring in which a linkage sleeve pipe is arranged in the through hole, and a pin is partially inserted in the linkage sleeve pipe. The utility model which prevents a fracture site from shifting can simultaneously reinforce the strength of the fixer. Furthermore, the utility model is simpler to be operated than a common fixer after a lateral compression rod is omitted.


Title of Document: NARRATING TRAGEDY: FROM KENNEDY TO KATRINA, FROM SPORTS TO NATIONAL IDENTITIES Michael Helt Gavin, Ph.D., 2007 Directed By: Nancy L. Struna, Chair, American Studies On September 11, 2001, Major League Baseball commissioner Allan 'Bud' Selig postponed the baseball season to offer proper respect to that day's terror victims. On September 16, 2001, when the major league season resumed, sports columnists across the nation-state referred to the New York Yankees as 'America's team.' When the Yankees made their run to the World Series, many columnists argued they 'healed the wounds of the nation.' Likewise, as water settled in the French Quarter after Hurricane Katrina, columnists suggested the New Orleans Saints were 'capable of healing the nation' and referred to them as 'America's team.' When the Saints returned to the Superdome in 2006, many columnists suggested the region and nation were both healed. This dissertation uses discourse analysis to reveal the constructions of and contestations for dominant versions of national identity and memory in which sports columnists engaged in the context of tragedies like the John F. Kennedy assassination, 9/11, and Hurricane Katrina. In examining sports columnists' work over five decades, I offer a historical overview of sports columns and their relationship to dominant discourses of race and national identity. In the process, I contend that the voices comprising mainstream sports columnists through the 1960s generally constructed a mythological national identity that privileged whiteness. By the late 1990s, however, the voices comprising mainstream sports columnists included both those who constructed and confronted white hegemony. Interestingly, some of those columnists supporting whiteness were minorities; and some of those confronting whiteness were themselves white. Hence, I argue that whiteness is a standpoint, not a condition of skin color. Likewise, I contend that mainstream sports columnists confronting whiteness work within a system often identified as producing hegemony in order to dismantle it, and potentially exert a great amount of cultural power. NARRATING TRAGEDY: FROM KENNEDY TO KATRINA, FROM SPORTS TO NATIONAL IDENTITIES


The STTEs (special to type test equipment) are specific automatic test benches designed to perform HW/SW (hardware/software co-design) integration tasks, acceptance test procedure protocols and validation of production processes of avionic units for the Eurofighter Aircraft Indra Systems, Inc., a Spanish information technologies company, has designed a new generation of low cost STTEs based on the PXI architecture to reduce cost against other modular architectures such as VXL PXI(PCL extensions for Instrumentation.) architecture is an electronic instrumentation platform. This paper outlines the sill design and how Indra has applied its extensive experience in automatic test equipment (ATE) design to this new STTE generation.


Hospitals' operational performance during disasters varies from failing, to being responsive and resilient, to dealing with disruption and surprise. Transformational leaders enable continuously learning hospitals that are resilient in the face of disasters by adapting regeneratively and evolving beyond undertaking conventional lesson-learning after each disaster. However, learning from successful transformational leaders in healthcare is still ad hoc with a lack of guidance on how to develop such leaders. Hence, this study sought to identify key competencies of transformational leaders by exploring hospital leaders' actions in dealing with disasters, considering the disaster cycle of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (PPRR). A qualitative case-study design was adopted comprising in-depth semi-structured interviews with twelve senior hospital staff with operational leadership experience with disasters. Three significant categories (themes) and seven key component competencies (sub-themes, in brackets) of transformational leaders were revealed through the analysis of transcripts: (1) 'Governance and leadership' ('transformative agency' and 'decisive accountability'); (2) 'Planning and risk assessment' ('risk navigation', 'disaster attunement', and 'planning agility'); and (3) 'Communication and network engagement' ('communication accelerator' and 'collaboration innovator'). The authors propose a transformational leadership model for hospital disaster resilience and an assessment checklist for leaders' self-reflection to support hospitals in their transition to resilient operations.


The establishment of a harmonious campus is an important part of creating a harmonious society.It will not only provide the college students with a healthy environment for creation and development,but also a place to cultivate their moral,intellectual and mental growth healthily.In fact,the quality of the college students in our country will,in turn,be directly linked with the future of the country and the Party,with the success or failure of the Chinese-colored socialist cause and with the realization of the well-off society and the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.


In the past few years, several DHT-based abstractions for peer-to-peer systems have been proposed. The main characteristic is to associate nodes (peers) with objects (keys) and to construct distributed routing structures to support efficient location. These approaches partially consider the load problem by balancing storage of objects without, however, considering lookup traffic. In this paper we present an analysis of structured peer-to-peer systems taking into consideration Zipf-like requests distribution. Based on our analysis, we propose a novel approach for load balancing taking into account object popularity. It is based on dynamic routing table reorganization in order to balance the routing load and on caching objects to balance the request load. We can therefore significantly improve the load balancing of traffic in these systems, and consequently their scalability and performance. Results from experimental evaluation demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.


Searching and capturing prey are extraordinary challenges for marine mammals, as they must actively hunt during breath‐hold dives. This challenge is conquered by the dive response (the decreased heart rate and increased peripheral vasoconstriction associated with a breath hold), which lowers the rate of oxygen consumption and prolongs the duration of aerobic metabolism. The dive response is dynamic and potentially influenced by dive duration, depth, anticipation, and exercise. However, it is still unknown how these influences interact with each other to facilitate oxygen management pre‐ and post‐dive, during different dive phases, and at fine scale. We studied the dive response of one of the deepest diving marine mammals, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) across three years (2018, 2019, 2021) to determine interactions between these behavioral and physiological factors. Using a biologger that records electrocardiogram data (50‐100 Hz) and a Daily Diary time‐depth‐recorder that records acceleration and depth, we calculated heart rate, stroke rate, and minimum specific acceleration (MSA) in 7 seals in dives as deep as 460m. We examined the influence of dive depth, duration, and activity (MSA) on dive heart rate, pre‐ and post‐dive heart rate, and heart rate during different dive phases and at fine scale. We recorded heart rates as low as 20 bpm during natural dives, with the average heart rate at depth being 48.91 ± 25.93 bpm. The heart rate rapidly drops at the start of dives from ~100‐120 bpm to ~40‐50 bpm and continues to decline as the seal passively drifts to depth. At the bottom seals tend to stroke and glide while maintaining a relatively stable heart rate. On ascent heart rate gradually increases as the seals stroke and glide to the surface. We see a drastic increase in heart rate just before seals surface, likely to maximize offloading of carbon dioxide and onloading of oxygen upon surfacing. Our preliminary results reveal that both dive depth and MSA influence the dive heart rate at fine scale intervals of 20 s within the dive. These results suggest that the seals actively regulate their oxygen during dives. Our results will connect dive behavior and the dive response to understand how marine mammals perform deep‐dives while actively searching and capturing prey.


We all know that most of the food we eat comes from seeds, planted in fields or orchards, but have you ever thought about where the seeds themselves come from? Have you ever admired the inside of a beautiful flower? Believe it or not, these two questions are connected! Keep reading to learn about the different ways plant can reproduce and how scientists study plant reproduction. You will also get to learn about the advantages of different methods of plant reproduction and why the way that plants reproduce is important to us, as humans.


The SCL90 scale and UPI scale have been used to study the mental health of "Post-90s" female college students in the year of 2010-2012.Results: The general level of mental health of "Post-90s" female college students is good;the overall mental health level is better than the routine model.But the level of the scores in three factors of obsession,anxiety and fear are obviously higher than the routine model.In our mental health education,we should bring the idea of "self growth",group psychological guidance,after-class activities in our class.These practices can help students gain self growth in experiential teaching.In the meanwhile,we should advocate the concept of living with problems in the awareness of mental health education in order to improve students' overall mental health.


We report on the monolayer formation of hydrocarbons with terminal groups of thiol, hydroxyl and alkynyl groups on H-terminated silicon using UV light in order to clarify the ability to form the well-defined monolayer. The each molecule was dissolved in the solution (100 mM) and irradiated with UV light on the Si-H substrate. The monolayer formation was investigated by water contact angle, XPS, AFM and ellipsometry. The molecules formed hydrophobic monolayer, but the densities of the monolayers were loose. The hydrocarbons with thiol and vinyl formed the most densely packed monolayer based on the photochemical reactivity with Si-H.


A methodological approach has been developed for the computational investigation of the thermal-hydraulic processes taking place in a sodium cooled fast neutron reactor based on a Russian computational fluid dynamics code, FlowVision. The approach takes into account the integral layout of the reactor primary circuit equipment and the peculiarities of heat exchange in the liquid metal coolant, and makes it possible to model, using well-defined simplifications, the heat and mass exchange in the process of the coolant flowing through the reactor core, and the reactor heat-exchange equipment. Specifically, the methodological approach can be used for justification of safety during the reactor cooldown, as well as for other computational studies which require simulation of the integral reactor core and heat-exchange equipment. The paper presents a brief overview of the methodological approaches developed earlier to study the liquid metal cooled reactor cooldown processes. General principles of these approaches, as well as their advantages and drawbacks have been identified. A three-dimensional computational model of an advanced reactor has been developed, including one heat-exchange loop (a fourth part of the reactor). It has been demonstrated that the FlowVision gap model can be applied to model the space between the reactor core fuel assemblies (interwrapper space), and a porous skeleton model can be used to model the reactor's heat-exchange equipment. It has been shown that the developed methodological approach is applicable to solving problems of the coolant flow in different operating modes of liquid metal cooled reactor facilities.


We propose volume registration procedures based on spherical artificial markers presented in medical
multimodal data sets (MRI and CT, especially). The procedures proposed are either semi-automatic or
fully-automatic. A semi-automatic approach requires to label approximate locations of the spherical
markers in the data sets and then registration operates autonomically. A fully-automatic approach does not
require any user interaction, i.e. all registration subtasks – namely segmentation of spheres, finding the
correspondence between two sets of spheres and, finally, computing geometrical transformation that maps
the first set of spheres onto the second one – are performed automatically by the computer.


The quadrupole coupling constants and the direction cosines of the principal axes of the electric field gradient tensors of the deuterons in CoTiF6.6D2O and ZnTiF6.6D2O single crystals have been obtained at 300K. Temperature variation studies in the range 185-300K reveal structural phase transitions in both these compounds (at around 255K in Co and 230K in Zn compounds) and throw light on the nature of transition involved.


Objectives & Background To establish the efficacy of 2% viscous lignocaine in increasing oral intake in children with painful infectious mouth conditions compared with placebo. Methods Randomised placebo–controlled trial of viscous lignocaine versus placebo at a single paediatric emergency department. Study staff, clinicians, nurses, care givers, and participants were blinded to the group assignment. Children with acute infectious ulcerative mouth conditions (gingivostomatitis, ulcerative pharyngitis or hand foot and mouth disease), and poor oral fluid intake were randomised to receive 0.15 ml/kg of either 2% viscous lignocaine or placebo with identical appearance and flavor. The primary outcome was the amount of fluid ingested in the 60 minutes following administration of the intervention. Secondary outcomes were specific ml/kg fluid targets and the incidence of adverse events. Results 100 participants were recruited (50 per treatment group) all of whom completed the 60 minute fluid trial period. Oral intake one hour after drug administration was similar in both groups: lignocaine–mean (standard deviation) 9.48 ml/kg (7.02 ml/kg) vs. placebo 9.32 ml/kg (7.39 ml/kg); mean difference 0.15 ml/kg (95% confidence interval –2.7 ml/kg to 3.0 ml/kg; p=0.9). No evidence for difference between groups was found in secondary outcomes and there were no adverse events in either group. Conclusion Viscous lignocaine is no better than a flavoured gel placebo in improving oral intake in children with painful infectious mouth ulcers.


Objective To analyze the uncertainty involved in HPLC method for the determination baicalin in Shuanghuanglian oral solution. Methods Through establishing HPLC mathematical model, the factors affecting the uncertainty were deduced. Each component of uncertainty was evaluated and calculated,from which the combined uncertainty and fi nally the extended uncertainty and confi dence level were obtained. Results The combined uncertainty was 0.14 mg/mL, extended uncertainty was 0.28 mg/mL, and the determined content of hydrochlorothiazide was 9.75(±0.28 )mg/mL. Conclusion The established analytical method is applicable to the uncertainty analysis of determination medicines content by HPLC.


Taking 45 steel as an example,the process of induction heating of axial parts in the electromagnetic/thermal coupling field was analyzed by finite element analysis software package-ANSYS.The penetrated depth of induction current in the high frequency range was obtained,the hardening layer depth corresponding to different frequency was inferred,and the temperature changes in the workpiece section with the time of quenching were given.In the end,comparative analysis between them and the actual production data have verified that the simulation results are reliability.


In wireless communication systems, the Ricean K-factor estimation is required in several applications such as link budget calculations. While the SNR estimation can be used to measure the link quality. In this paper, the Ricean K-factor estimation for M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK) modulated signals with additive noise is studied. To this end, the Fourth-Order Cross-Moments (FOCM) of the received signal are considered. First, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) is computed by estimating the powers of the desired components of the signal and the noise. Then, the K-factor is estimated using the kurtosis of the Ricean channel. Simulation results show that our approach outperforms the most recent developed estimator in the literature.


We read with great interest this article (1). The authors identified a total of 86 patients in their center with a graft survival of more than 25 years (and reported outcomes in 72 of them), an incredibly high number. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective To evaluate the clinical and immunologic effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) at different doses in treatment of kawasaki disease(KD).Methods A total of 232 children with KD were enrolled in the study,and randomly divided into three groups,IVIG 1 g/kg×1,IVIG 1 g/kg×2,and IVIG 2 g/kg×1.Prospective comparative analysis was made of the clinical and immunologic effectiveness of the three treatments.The occurrence and restoration of coronary artery lesion(CAL) as well as the clinical and laboratory indexes including total duration of fever,fever clearance time,mucous membrane hyperemia,extremity swell,cervical lymphadenopathy,white blood cells count(WBC),C reactive protein(CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),fibrinogen(FIB),immunoglobulin(Ig),T lymphocyte subsets,natural killer cells(NK cells) and B cells were observed.The levels of T lymphocyte subsets,NK cells and B cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.Results In the three groups,the levels of WBC,FIB,CRP,CD3,CD4,and CD19 significantly decreased after treatment as compared with those before treatment(P0.05),while the levels of IgG,CD8,and NK were higher after treatment than those before treatment(P0.05).The ESR,IgA and IgM values were not different between after and before treatment(P0.05).There were no differences in the occurrence rate of CAL,the levels of WBC,FIB,CRP,CD3,CD4,CD19,CD8,NK,IgG and the ratio of CD4/CD8 before treatment between the three groups(P0.05).After treatment,the duration of clinical symptoms,the occurrence rate of CAL,the levels of WBC,FIB,CRP,CD3,CD4,CD19,CD8,NK and the ratio of CD4/CD8 were not different among three groups(P0.05),while the level of IgG was different(P0.05).The level of IgG was higher in the IVIG 1 g/kg×2 group than that in IVIG 1 g/kg×1 group(P0.05),and IgG level in IVIG 2 g/kg×1 group was higher than that in group IVIG 1 g/kg×1(P0.05),but the difference between IVIG 1 g/kg×2 group and IVIG 2 g/kg×1 group was not different(P0.05).Conclusions The clinical and immunologic effectiveness of these three therapeutic methods were not significantly different,and they have similar protective effects on CAL in short-term and long-term.Thus,according to the cost effectiveness principle,the therapeutic method of IVIG 1 g/kg×1 can be recommended as the first choice.


Power sharing is the most important challenging today, especially for parallel operation inverters. Recently to fixed this problem the virtual synchronous generator control strategy has been used. This paper introduced the parallel operation of three phase multilevel inverters with different capacities to share load power by used a newly strategy named VSG with droop method controller. The control strategy is used to make the inverters to emulate the transient , dynamic features of conventional synchronous generator and to gives accurate load sharing among the inverters in proportional to their ratings. To verify the performance of the proposed technique MATLAB/Simulink package for simulation experiment is established.


A new mechanism for exciton lasing in ZnSe/ZnCdSe quantum wells is proposed. Lasing, occurring below the lowest exciton line, may be associated with a BCS‐like condensed (coherent) exciton state. This state is most stable at low temperatures for densities in the transition region separating the exciton Bose gas and the coherent exciton state. Calculations show the gain region to lie below the exciton line and to be separated from the absorption regime by a transparency region of width, for example, about 80 meV for a 90 A ZnSe/Zn0.75Cd0.25Se quantum well. Experimental observation of the transparency region using differential spectroscopy would confirm this picture.


The electric utility marketplace is undergoing tremendous changes. These changes are due in part to the passage ofthe Energy Policy Act of 1992. Under the jurisdiction ofthe Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), this act requires wholesale wheeling and provides guidelines for requesting and providing such service. Wheeling is the condition whereby a transmission owner has 60 days to respond to a request for transmission service. This act of Congress has an spurred increase in competition among the electric utility companies. The increase in competition due to the "wheeling factor" is not the only challenge that the electric utility market is facing. The increased pressure to control costs; do more with lower operations and maintenance budgets; increase profits; be responsive to environmental agencies; and increase customer satisfaction is causing the electric utility industry to re-examine how it conducts business. Certain traditional methods are being replaced by innovative and cost effective alternatives. The use of technology is seen as a key to combat these challenges and to provide the leverage over the competition. One cost of particular concern to the electric utilities is the surveying of transmission line rightof-ways. Surveying may be due to maintenance upgrades, new line construction, engineering conductor sag studies, facilities mapping efforts, or in response to wheeling requests. The traditional method of manual surveys is slow and can cost several thousand dollars per mile. In some cases the surrounding terrain makes the manual survey efforts almost impossible. In addition, the right-of-ways may need to be inspected on a periodic basis as part ofthe tree trimming and vegetation control programs. Southern Applied Technologies (SAT) has developed a high technology airborne sensing system designed to provide a cost effective method to map transmission line right-of-ways.


In this paper we perform synthetic to real world image translation using Cycle Consistent Adversarial Networks and further provide insights as to how the translation can be utilized to build a framework that can solve a plethora of domain adaptation tasks by reducing the same to a supervised problem via image generation and label transfer from a source domain (synthetic images) to a target domain (real world images) thereby eliminating the need for a labeled target domain dataset. We run experiments taking the (GTA) dataset as the source domain and the Cityscape dataset as the target domain and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the experiments. We also provide analysis and visualization of existing domain adaptation techniques and evaluate their pros and cons. A potential application of the concept is in training of self-driving cars as it is difficult to obtain an extensive labeled dataset for every geographical region.


In response to the Japanese programme for fifth-generation computers the British Government constituted the Alvey Committee to formulate a strategy in this field. The committee delivered its report in October 1982, and this article highlights the salient points


In the last time, epigenetics is among top disciplines in the
field of medicine research because epigenetic modifications of
nucleic acids are associated with certain diseases and
dysfunctions (e.g. human carcinomas – lung, thyroid, prostate
and pancreas tumors-, leukemia, etc.). One of several
epigenetic mechanisms that cells use to control gene expression
is DNA methylation and one of different methylated guanines,
N7- methyl G is recognized as the biomarker of DNA methylation.
In the present study, electrochemical oxidation of methylated
guanines (1N-, 7N- and 9N- derivatives) is studied to ascertain
the relationship between the position of methyl group and the
corresponding oxidation behavior. For this reason, the
oxidation processes of methylguanines (methylGs) in the
dependence on pH and the position of methyl group in the
guanine molecule (pyrimidine ring vs. imidazole ring) were
investigated. It was found that methylation has significant
influence on the oxidation processes of methylGs and their
oxidation is easier in the case of CH3- substitution at the
pyrimidine ring than at imidazole one. Pencil graphite
electrode (PeGE) was used as a working electrode throughout the
study, since voltammetric signals of methylGs were poorly
defined at conventional carbon electrodes, such as glassy
carbon or HOPG.


Introduce study and application of a locomotive vehicle leakage current digital sensor,which is realized on basis of simulation of leakage current sensor,by digital improvement.Hardware design uses ARM platform,on the basis of analysison principle of system,design of hardware system and soft chitecture,and simulation experiment of single and double wire are achieved.Through simulation experiment verify that the sensor has advantages of accurate detection,fast response,using CAN bus for communication is safe and reliable.In actual measurement,verify the correctness of the simulation test,and the design is feasible.


We examine implications of semi-local invariance in Ising models with multispin interaction. In ergodic models all spin-spin correlation functions vanish and the local symmetry is the same as in locally gauge-invariant models. The d = 3 model with four-spin interaction is nonergodic at low temperature but the magnetic symmetry remains unbroken. The d = 3 model with eight-spin interaction is ergodic but undergoes the phase transition and most likely its low-temperature phase is characterized by a nonlocal order parameter. MIRAMARE TRIESTE August 1996 1 Permanent address: Magnetism Theory Division, Department of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Ul. Matejki 48/49, Poznah, Poland. While the physics of Ising models with two-spin interaction is relatively well understood, much less is known about the behaviour of models with multi-spin interactions. When the Ising model is considered as a lattice gas then such terms reflect the multi-atom interactions and in many systems they are likely to play a very important role. Only in very few cases models with multi-spin terms are exactly solvable[?]. In these particular cases the multi-spin terms are responsible for the nonuniversal critical behaviour. In the present Letter we consider a certain class of Ising models defined on the cartesian d-dimensional lattice. First, let us consider the d = 2 model with four-spin interaction. This model is described by the Hamiltonian: H = -JY^SiSjSkSl (1) where S = 1/2 spin operators Si = ± are placed at sites of the square lattice of the linear size L. Summation in (??) is performed over elementary plaquettes formed by the sites i,j, k, l. Results obtained in the present Lettter are related to the following property: Hamiltonian (??) is invariant with respect to a semi-local group of transformations which flip the entire row (or column) of spins. This group of transformations in the following will be referred to as G. Immediate proof follows from the structure of the Hamiltonian (??). Now, let us calculate the correlation function < SiSj >: < SiSj >= E SiSje-W/Z, Z=J2 e"'*, (2) {Sk} {Sk} where i =£ j and β = y^. To calculate (??) let us notice that there must be a row or a column which contains the site i but does not contain the site j . With each configuration {Sk} in which Si = 1 let us associate a configuration {Sk}' which is obtained from {Sk} by flipping all spins along this row or column. Since the contributions to < SiSj > coming from {Sk} cancel with those from {Sk}' (both configurations have the same energy) we obtain that < SiSj > = 0. Since all spin-spin correlation functions vanish we obtain that the system is a perfect paramagnet with the susceptibility χ = k1T a n d n o spontaneous magnetization


Objective: To identify a natural fiber and secondary filler and manufacture the hybrid natural fiber composite. To investigated the mechanical characteristics of the manufactured composite laminate. Methodology: The natural fibers and secondary fillers are reinforced into matrix and compression molding machine is used for manufacturing the composite. Finding: It is identified that the mechanical characteristics of the composite laminates are enhanced by the incorporation of natural fillers. The outcome of experimental measurements revealed that 6 wt% cashew nut shell dust filler reinforced composite laminates exhibited the highest improvement in the measured mechanical properties as compared to the other combinations. Applications: The attained mechanical properties are compared with other unfilled composite laminate manufactured under same process steps. The eco-friendly composite acquired can be utilized in the zone of plastics in the perception of viable growth. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 12(9), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i9/141798, March 2019


We show that in random $K$-uniform hypergraphs of constant average degree, for even $K \geq 4$, local algorithms defined as factors of i.i.d. can not find nearly maximal cuts, when the average degree is sufficiently large. These algorithms have been used frequently to obtain lower bounds for the max-cut problem on random graphs, but it was not known whether they could be successful in finding nearly maximal cuts. This result follows from the fact that the overlap of any two nearly maximal cuts in such hypergraphs does not take values in a certain non-trivial interval - a phenomenon referred to as the overlap gap property - which is proved by comparing diluted models with large average degree with appropriate fully connected spin glass models and showing the overlap gap property in the latter setting.


Female snakes from temperate regions frequently require more than one season of feeding and vitellogenesis to produce clutches. In each reproductive year female snakes can mate several limes and with several males. However, it is largely unknown whether adult females which are unable to produce clutches are attractive to males and participate in the sexual activity of the population. Two coluhrids from Mediterranean Central Italy, Coluber viridißavus LACEPEDE, 1789 and Elaphe longissima (LAURENTI. 1768), were studied in this respect. In both species there is a pronounced vernal mating season (from middle of March to the end of May). Spermatozoa were present in the cloacal mucus of about 95 % of all reproductive and non-reproductive (i. e. with Body Condition Index [BCI] < < 0.55) female snakes captured during or immediately after mating season. Based on this evidence, we conclude that the physiological status of adult non-reproductive females does not significantly affect their localization by males ready to mate.


Measuring health outcomes is a difficult challenge and potentially controversial undertaking. However, monitoring health outcomes can provide the basis for quality improvement initiatives, effective healthcare management, and even consumer education. As part of an overall data mining process to predict health outcomes, the data preparation tasks offer significant challenges. This paper focuses on the data preparation methods that will support ongoing modeling efforts for health outcomes research. Features or attributes are organized into high-level categories, highlighting collections of potentially predictive variables. This important data mining activity is often given limited coverage, yet provides a critical foundation for future research. Decision trees, regression, and histograms are used for feature selection, transformation, and data reduction. The paper illustrates these data preparation methods for a restricted surgical domain, the digestive system, with hospital length of stay as an outcome. Predictive models based on neural networks and support vector machines are presented.


Solid solutions Ce1-xRExO2-delta (RE = Eu, Tb) were prepared by a high-temperature and -pressure method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), TG, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Mossbauer spectroscopy. XRD data analysis showed that all solid solutions crystallized in a single-phase cubic fluorite structure. The nonlinear relationships between the lattice parameter and dopant content for both series of solutions were ascribed to the results of cation substitutions and variations of the relative content of oxygen vacancy Vo and defect associations {RE'(Ce)Vo} and {Ce'(Ce)Vo}. EPR and XPS measurements confirmed the presence of Ce3+ ions in the solid solutions. For the solid solutions Ce1-xEuxO2-delta, all Eu ions were determined to be trivalent by XPS and Eu-151 Mossbauer measurements. For the solutions Ce1-xTbxO2-delta, all Tb ions were also stabilized in the trivalent state. This result is different from that of the counterpart by hydrothermal conditions, in which a mixed valence of Tb3+/Tb4+ prevails at a higher dopant content. The prepared solutions Ce1-xTbxO2-delta were metastable. With increasing temperature, they would be destabilized and decompose into two fluorite phases, accompanied by partial oxidation from Tb3+ to Tb4+. Alternating current impedance spectroscopy showed primarily bulk conduction for all samples. For the solutions Ce1-xEuxO2-delta, the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity was linear within the temperature range measured with activation energies of 1.05, 0.82, and 0.87 for x = 0.2, 0.38, and 0.5, respectively. For the decomposition product of the solid solution Ce0.71Tb0.29O2-delta, the conductivity gave two linear regions with smaller activation energies; i.e., the activation energy was 0.60 eV below 600 degrees C and 0.39 eV above 600 degrees C. The higher ionic conductivity (1.1 x 10(-2) S/cm at 720 degrees C) for the decomposition phases of the solution Ce0.71Tb0.29O2-delta was ascribed to an electronic component involved in; relation to the presence of the mixed valence of Tb3+/Tb4+ and Ce3+/Ce4+.


Chapter 1: The Art of Negotiating Chapter 2: Cultural Awareness in International Negotiations Case 1: Sun and Fun Tours vs. Hotel de la Playa: Compensation for Breach of Agreement Case 2: Sansung Sporting Goods Seeks a Scandinavian Distributor: An Agency Agreement Case 3: Acme Water Pumps and the Nigerian Government: A Sales Contract Case 4: American Auto Corporation vs. the Mexican Auto Workers' Union Wage and Working Conditions Negotiation Case 5: Hydra Tech and Bertoni Shipping: Product Presentation and a Sales Contract


Three dimensional whole body scanning technology was applied for the development and evaluation of some protective clothing systems. Especially for determining local and global distributions of surface area to be heat transferred and air volume between the wearer and protective clothing systems, Cyberware 3D whole body scanning technology was used. Quantifying the amount of air volume and their distributions and effects on clothing thermal insulation was one aspect of a multidisciplinary research purpose improving the function of protective clothing. To predict the thermal insulation of protective clothing from the three dimensionlly scanned data, air volume and surface area, some regression equations were developed as Rcle=(0.00003130 * Air Volume) - (2.68320406 * Surface Area) + 0.90332071 (R²=0.95) for the hip and Rcle = 0.0000029 * Air Volume) - (0.1296269 * Surface Area) + 0.30325239 (R²=0.92) for the whole body.


This paper aims to explore the integration of field spectroscopy and satellite remote sensing approaches to detect underground structures in Cyprus. An SVC-HR1024 field spectroradiometer was used and in-band reflectances were determined for high resolution Landsat 8 satellite sensor. In this study, three test areas were identified, analyzed and modelled: Area (a) which is a Vegetation Area covered with vegetation (barley), in the presence of an underground military structure, Area (b) which is a Vegetation Area covered with vegetation (barley), in the absence of an underground military structure and Area (c) with the existing natural soil, in the presence of an underground military structure. Also measurements are taken in order to study possible differences of the spectral signature of vegetation as a result of the existence underground structures and non - existence underground structures.


In order to locate the resistant gene of Bacillus licheniformis of Chicken Origin,the elimination of plasmid by acridine orange or by SDS and the transformation of protoplast.The results proved that Bacillus licheniformis were resistant to kanamycin and sensitive to the other antibiotics,and Kan resistance genes are located on the plasmid pBL instead of the chromosome.It was of an important guiding significance in application the development of the probiotics.


Synaptic potentials are severely filtered as they propagate through the dendritic tree. As action potentials are usually generated in the axon, how can distal synapses influence neuronal output? In hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, distal synapses cope with this situation by producing progressively larger synaptic currents at increasing distance from the soma (Magee & Cook, 2000). An increase in the number of AMPA receptors with distance from the soma is thought to be responsible for this amplitude normalization (distance-dependent synaptic scaling) (Andrasfalvy & Magee, 2001). The question then arises: how is this gradient set-up; how does the distal synapse come to know of its disadvantaged location and express more AMPA receptors? In this issue of The Journal of Physiology, Andrasfalvy and colleagues (Andrasfalvy et al. 2008) investigate the possibility that action potentials, initiated in the axon but propagating back into the dendrites (bAPs), provide feedback to the synapses about their location.

In the primary apical dendrite of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, bAPs attenuate as they travel away from the soma (Spruston et al. 1995). This attenuation can by reduced by pharmacologically blocking A-type K+ channels, which increase several-fold in density with distance from the soma (Hoffman et al. 1997). Greater back-propagation is also observed upon genetic down-regulation or deletion of the A-type K+ channel α subunit Kv4.2, establishing this protein as the molecular identity of dendritic A-type currents (IA) in these neurons (Fig. 1) (Kim et al. 2005; Chen et al. 2006). In the present work, the authors compared miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) amplitudes in proximal and distal dendritic recordings from Kv4.2−/− and wild-type (WT) mice. Consistent with previous data from this group, in WT mice, distal mEPSCs were larger than proximal. If bAPs inform the synapse of its location, larger bAPs in Kv4.2−/− mice might then be expected to exhibit smaller mEPSCs at distal locations compared to those from WT. Indeed, distance-dependent scaling was lost in Kv4.2−/− mice, predominately through a reduction in distal mEPSC amplitudes.

Figure 1

Targeted rescue of intrinsic excitability in Kv4.2−/− mice

Previous studies using dominant negative Kv4.2 constructs to acutely decrease its function, in both neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons, have demonstrated a prominent role of Kv4.2 in regulating membrane excitability (e.g. input resistance, AP threshold, half-width and frequency) (Kim et al. 2005; Yuan et al. 2005). Recently, however, recordings from cortical pyramidal neurons of Kv4.2−/− mice revealed no major effects of Kv4.2 elimination on firing properties compared to WT. The rescue of firing properties appears to come about through increased densities of other types of K+ channels to compensate for the loss in IA (Nerbonne et al. 2008). In hippocampal neurons, Andrasfalvy et al. also find only modest changes in membrane excitability of Kv4.2−/− mice. Although there is also some evidence for compensation via increased expression of other K+ channel subunits in Kv4.2−/− hippocampal neurons (Chen et al. 2006), in the present report, the authors also find changes in tonic and phasic GABA currents. Blocking these inhibitory currents revealed increased membrane excitability in knockout hippocampal pyramidal neurons compared to WT.

In addition to demonstrating important roles for dendritic K+ channels in distance-dependent scaling, the study by Andrasfalvy et al. raises a number of questions. First, are bAPs themselves responsible for setting up the distance-dependent scaling or are other factors that also depend on Kv4.2 expression involved? If bAPs are responsible, what signalling cascades are involved? Finally, distance-dependent synaptic scaling is reminiscent of another form of plasticity that promotes network stability, synaptic homeostasis. In synaptic homeostasis, excitatory input strength throughout the neuron is negatively regulated by extended periods of high activity or positively by low activity. How are these two homeostatic mechanisms related and does synaptic homeostasis, unlike distance-dependent scaling, persist in Kv4.2−/− neurons?

It is tempting to compare the acute effects of Kv4.2 down-regulation in CA1 neurons of organotypic slice cultures (Kim et al. 2005) with the more prolonged and complete elimination in the knockout presented here (Fig. 1). Interestingly, while both manipulations decrease IA, resulting in greater back-propagation and changes in mEPSC amplitudes; membrane excitability and firing patterns, altered with acute Kv4.2 knockdown, are preserved in Kv4.2−/− mice through the compensatory mechanisms detailed above. Under the same developmental and homeostatic influences, however, the distance-dependent gradient of synaptic strength is lost in knockout mice. This privileged rescue of intrinsic excitability (a cellular phenomenon lacking spatial specificity) with apparent disregard for the normal spatial distribution of synaptic weights, runs counter to the notion that compensatory mechanisms would act to preserve, as much as possible, the neuron's computational power. Rather these results indicate that the plasticity of intrinsic excitability may act as an important information storage system distinct from synaptic plasticity (Zhang & Linden, 2003).


4 We study an outpatient appointment app that provides information on hospital crowdedness and 5 demonstrate that information provision improves market efficiency by facilitating sorting— i.e., 6 alignment of heterogeneous demand and supply. We find that the app prompts patients with mild 7 conditions to use primary care facilities and allows acute care hospitals to receive more patients with 8 severe conditions. Improved sorting leads to fewer revisits, lower spending, and better adherence 9 to prescription guidelines. Adopting the app also enhances hospital productivity and is financially 10 viable. Our analysis highlights the potential for market-driven mechanisms that mitigate non-price 11 information frictions in the healthcare market. 12


Children who present with rash and fever can be divided into 3 groups: the first group includes those with features of serious illness who require immediate intervention. The second and third groups indude those with clearly recognizable viral syndromes, and those with early or undifferentiated rash. The morphology of lesions among children with symptoms of serious illness offers dues to the underlying cause. For example, petechiae may herald such life-threatening disorders as meningococcemia, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and hemolytk uremic syndrome. Purpura or ecchymoses in a well-appearing child may not be associated with serious illness; a large percentage of children who present with fever and purpura have Henoch-Schonlein purpura. Kawasaki disease typically manifests with blanching rash and fever. Vesicular or bullous lesions and fever are the hallmark of erythema multiforme, toxk epidermal necrolysis, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Urnbilicated papules and pustules are the sine qua non of molluscum contagiosum, varicella, and poxviruses.


Coherence-based approaches to inconsistency handling proceed by selecting preferred consistent subbases of the belief base according to a predefined method which takes advantage of explicitly stated priorities. We propose here a general framework where the preference relation between subsets of the belief base is induced by a system of constraints directly expressed by the user. Postulates taking their source in the qualitative modelling of uncertainty, either probabilistic or possibilistic, are used for completing the implicit specification of the preference relations. This enables us to define various types of preference relations, including as particular cases several well-known systems such as Brewka's preferred subtheories or the lexicographical system. Since the number of preferred consistent subbases may be prohibitive, we propose to compile the inconsistent belief base into a new one from which it is easier to select one preferred consistent subbase.


42K envelope protein gene of Contagious Ecthyma virus were amplified by specification primers and recombinant to different expression vector.The 9 strains stable recombinant were screened by dot blotting and southern blotting with DNA probe labeled DIG.The high expression recombinant pGRL-4A was tested by western blotting with IgG labeled photobiotin after IPTG inducing.The results showed that the recombinant pGRL-4A produce 560 mgenvelope protein in per liter medium.


1 Thepharmacokinetics ofandtherapeutic responsetorecombinant humanerythropoietin (rcEPO) were studied in12patients underchronic haemodialysis on athrice weekly intravenous rcEPOtreatment scheme. Thekinetics ofrcEPOwere also assessed after a subcutaneous injection during theinitial period andduring maintenance treatment. RcEPOwas measured inplasma byradioimmunoassay. 2 After thefirst i.v. doseplasma erythropoietin concentrations werebestdescribed by amonoexponential disposition function with a mean (±s.d.) elimination half-life of 5.4 ± 1.7h.Thevolume ofdistribution was 70± 5.2mlkg-'andtheclearance was 10.1 ± 3.5mlh-' kg-'(n= 12). 3 After 3monthsofcontinuous therapy, theplasma half-life ofrcEPOdecreased by 15%(P< 0.05, mean half-life during steady state: 4.6 ± 2.8h),while mean clearance andvolume ofdistribution remained constant. 4 After thefirst s.c.injection themean (±s.d.) absorption timewas 22± 11hand systemic availability was 44± 7%. 5 Changes inhaemoglobin concentrations were described bya linear additive doseresponsemodel, defined byan efficacy constant (Keff) andthemean erythrocyte lifetime (MRTHb). Thesample mean (±s.d.) Keff was 0.043 ± 0.017 gdl-1 Hb per 1000units rcEPOandMRTHbwas 10.02 ± 1.75weeks. Theneteffect ofrcEPO treatment was described bytheareaundertheunit-dose-response curve(AUEC) with a mean (±s.d.) value of0.45 ± 0.23 gdl-1 weeks. 6 RcEPO clearance showeda significant positive correlation (r2 = 0.41) withthe effectiveness ofrcEPOtherapy, asmeasured bytheparameters Keff orAUEC.


Data mining (DM) brings knowledge and theories from several fields including databases, machine learning, optimization, statistics, and data visualization and has been applied to various real-life applications. A large amount of data mining articles have been published. The goal of this study is to establish an overview of the past and current data mining research activities from the title and abstract more than 1400 textual documents collected from premier data mining journals and conference proceedings. Specifically, this study applied document clustering approaches to determine which subjects had been studied over the last several years, which subjects are currently popular, and describe the longitudinal changes of data mining publications


Mutations." This study was retrospective in nature and involved analysis of existing repository specimens that had been characterized for specific mitochondrial mutations, with a goal to define the phenotypic characteristics of the common and clinically relevant mitochondrial mutations in the MTTS1 and MTRNR1 genes. Verkerk et al correctly point out that our methodology did not include mitochondrial genomic sequencing in all subjects, which would limit detection of rare or novel mitochondrial variants for both nonsyndromic and syndromic hearing loss. Given the advances in next-generation sequencing technology, this would be an interesting follow-up project to pursue. Our analysis of existing repository clinical data did exclude syndromic causes, insofar as this is possible when examining a database that may contain only a single point in time at the ascertainment of the proband. As we describe in the Discussion, both in existing literature as well as the current study, incomplete penetrance is well documented in both A1555G and A7445G mutations, with only around two-thirds of those carrying the mutation developing hearing loss. Lack of a maternal phenotype of hearing loss could be due to discrepant use of aminoglycosides, the cause of gene-environment interaction in the A1555G variant, or a lack of penetrance and variable phenotype. In general, the sporadic mitochondrial phenotype is restricted to lethal mitochondrial deletions. Many of our pedigrees also came from dense, deaf-by-deaf matings, and we did not have maternal DNA in several cases to confirm matrilineal inheritance. We agree that future research should examine the role of nuclear modifiers, additional mitochondrial or autosomal mutations, and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in deafness.


This paper seeks to understand the role of the military in a democratic state. It focuses on how the military performs under the civilian leadership put in place through a duly elected process in Malawi. Evidence has shown that some civilian leadership have gone overboard to influence the military to act contrary to the constitutional mandate. This paper examines the role played by the Malawi Defense Force in upholding the constitution. Data was collected using an interview guide with key informants and archival research. Data was analysed using content analysis. The results suggest that on a number of occasions between 1994 and 2019 there have been occasions also referred to as 'critical junctures' where the civilian leadership attempted to influence the military to go outside its constitutional mandate and act in the interest of civilians in power. Key notable events include the death of the Head of State in 2014 and during the 2014 elections where the incumbent president ordered the closure of the Tally Centre arguing 'immense irregularity'. The paper concluded that for the continued professional work of the MDF operated within the dictates of the law that guides their operations.


Semiconductor quantum dots are nanometer-scale aggregates and can exhibit luminescence. They have several interesting properties that have led to diverse applications ranging from labeling biomolecules (1, 2) to harvesting solar energy (3). Their unique photophysical properties derive from quantum confinement of the charge carriers and serve as an excellent solid-state illustration of the classical particle-in-abox concept that is basic to both physical and materials chemistry. The synthesis and characterization of CdS quantum dots can introduce and dramatically illustrate a number of concepts and techniques. This laboratory is suitable for students in either physical or materials chemistry courses and because it involves brightly colored luminescence often generates con


Objective To explore the therapy for human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) infection and its relationship with infant anemia.Methods One hundred and thirty children with anemia were admitted in this hospital,and all patients were detected for 5 serum virus including respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),influenza virus(IFV),adenovinus(ADV),parainfluenza virus(PIV),human cytomegaoviyns(HCMV),and their specific antibodies and mycoplasma antibodies inspection,and CRP8 mg·L-1.All of 130 cases were divided into 2 groups(HCMV infection group and non-HCMV infection group) based on whether they were infected with HCMV.HCMV infection detected group,HCMV screening in the 14 days were divided into congenital HCMV infection group and acquired HCMV infection group,HCMV infection group used routine curative method or ganciclovir(GCV) therapy and the therapeutic results were compared.Results 1.The anemia was aggravated and its incidence was higher in the HCMV infection group compared with non-HCMV infection group(P0.01).2.The incidence and degree of anemia in congenital HCMV infection group was significantly higher than that in acquired HCMV infection group(P0.01).3.The HCMV-DNA had no correlation with Hb in the HCMV infection group.4.There was a significant decrease in HCMV DNA load and an increased in Hb after GCV treatment(Pa0.01).5.After 1 month of treatment,Hb was significantly higher in the GCV group than that in the non-ganciclovir treatment group,and the subsequent anemia cases were reduced significantly(P0.01).Conclusions The infant HCMV infection may lead to the dysfunction of erythroid hematopoietic system and thus the anemia is induced.Congenital HCMV infection can led to the high incidence,severe condition and long duration of anemia.GCV treatment can significantly shorten the course of anemia and reduce viral load.


1H NMR spectra were studied for a carbanion derived from t-butyl phenylmethyl sulfoxide in tetrahydrofuran. It has been concluded that the conformation of the carbanion in solution is the same as that in a crystal. The carbanion exists in two diastereomeric dimeric forms in the presence of an equivalent amount of countercation, but it becomes a monomer when excess base exists in the solution.


Seven water-soluble vitamins: thiamine hydrochloride (B1), riboflavin hydrochloride (B2), pyridoxine hydrochloride (B6), calcium pantotenate (B5), ascorbic acid (C), folic acid (B9), and biotin (H, B7) were separated using the micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC) method in a single run with the electrolyte solution consisting of 100 mM H3BO3, 5 mM Na2B4O7, and 30 mM sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS). The separation was achieved within 8 min. and the detection was performed at 200 nm. The calibration graphs plotted with six concentrations of each vitamin were linear with the determination coefficient r > 0.999. The method was applied for quantification of vitamins B1, B2, B5, B6, B9, C, and H in novel feed for laboratory animals. The sample preparation involved solid-phase extraction of the vitamins, used prior to the MEKC analysis. The attained precision level was good with the recoveries between 98.4% and 105.6%. The simplicity of the procedure should make it highly useful for feed quality control in husbandry and the animal feed industry.


This paper compares and contrasts how innovation – the successful introduction of new products, services, or techniques – is occurring in biotechnology seeds in China and India. We begin with an overview of the agricultural challenges faced by China and India and the substantial investments that both countries are making in agricultural research and development (RD limitations and gaps in IP protection and enforcement; and lengthy delays in regulatory review. We conclude with a case study highlighting how the three factors shaped the introduction and adoption of the first widely commercialized biotech crop in China and India, Bt cotton.


The general analysis of phase equilibrium in heterogeneous systems is considered from an abstract geometric point of view. Particular attention is drawn to the thermodynamic ''invariants'' (or ''symmetries''), which arise as null eigenvectors of the thermodynamic metric matrix and can be associated with variations which leave the thermodynamic state unchanged. The analysis of these invariants leads to conditions connecting the thermodynamic field vectors, including Gibbs–Duhem relations, Clausius–Clapeyron equations, Gibbs–Konowalow laws, and systematic generalizations thereof.


Post Death Contact (PDC) is when a living individual feels that a person who is deceased is reaching out to connect with the living. Such experiences may be part of a model of grieving called Continuing Bonds. In order to further investigate the relationship between PDCs and the grieving process, a random telephone survey was developed to determine the ways in which PDCs are experienced in the United States. Most commonly, subjects reported PDCs that included dreams, sounds, feeling a presence, and having conversations. The results suggest that experiencing PDCs may be a lifelong phenomenon and more widespread than previously thought.


A novel 6H-SiC lateral power MOSFET structure has been proposed with asymmetrical buried oxide double step which improves breakdown voltage. Extra step introduced in the buried oxide enhances peak electric Held and is positioned in the middle of the drift region to maximum breakdown voltage. Using thin-film layer on top of the buried oxide, facilitates employment of high impurity concentration and results in reduction of on- resistance. The doping concentration of drift region , height of step in buried oxide and difference in the thicknesses of buried oxides have been optimized by using device simulation ,to reduce the surface electric field crowding. While lateral power MOSFETs with asymmetrical buried oxide double step structure fabricated on SOI substrate exhibit a maximum breakdown voltage of 245 V with doping concentration of 3.5 times 1016cm-3 in drift region , a 6H-SiC lateral MOSFETs show a characteristic breakdown voltage of 2015 V with doping concentration 1.2 times 1017c-3 in the drift region.


This article examines the hitherto overlooked contribution of military charities to veteran welfare and reintegration after the First World War. I use the records of the King's Own Scottish Borderers Association War Memorial Fund (KOSB WMF), which operated similarly to other regimental charities, to argue that the scale of this apparatus – its social reach and its funding capacity – may be comparable to the better-known and nationally recognised British Legion. It thus represents an important arena to examine processes that informed veteran reintegration, especially for the wider, non-disabled veteran population whose experiences have been largely omitted from histories of veteran welfare. These archives not only demonstrate the interventions of military associational life in veteran welfare. They also provide an entry point to examine how the system worked holistically. Military charities, like the KOSB WMF, represented one of a range of agencies that cooperated to support veterans in the 'mixed economy of welfare'. Their bureaucratic archival traces provide a productive route to illuminate the relationships behind fund allocation and delivery and to assess what politics animated these processes.


Smart electricity meters are replacing conventional meters worldwide and have enabled a new application domain: smart meter data analytics. In this paper, we introduce SMAS, our smart meter analytics system, which demonstrates the actionable insight that consumers and utilities can obtain from smart meter data. Notably, we implemented SMAS inside a relational database management system using open source tools: PostgreSQL and the MADLib machine learning toolkit. In the proposed demonstration, conference attendees will interact with SMAS as electricity providers, consultants and consumers, and will perform various analyses on real data sets.


The present specification discloses an irreversible thermochromic ink composition containing a sublimable dye dissolved with a solvent in this solvent. The solvent and sublimation dye may be encapsulated in any. The thermochromic to subject those written in electrochromic ink composition to a force directed component and / or heat source, enhance the sublimation of the sublimation dye. And it may cause discoloration or substantial colorless what was written.


Abstract: Interdisciplinary approaches have been used not only to interpret past patterns of natural resource utilization but also to provide useful tools for conservation biology and resource management. I report here the depletion of the pearl oyster (  Pinctada imbricata ) beds off the coast of Cubagua, Venezuela, in the sixteenth century and the replacement of the oyster by the turkey‐wing mussel ( Arca zebra ). I used historical tax data to conclude that the rapid depletion of this resource was the result not only of overexploitation in a short period of time but also of the ecology of the place used by humans to carry out such activity. Under conditions of ecological stress generated by overexpoloitation, the turkey‐wing mussel outcompeted the pearl oyster, thus preventing its recovery. Finally, I propose that the exploitation of the pearl oyster beds directly influenced the demographic, social, and cultural conditions of the indigenous human populations in the Caribbean and, to a certain extent, in Africa.


: Plants are a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds which are among the most important natural antioxidants. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of flavonoid, total phenolic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial compounds from Ganoderma (G) Lucidum by the maceration method. To do so, independent variables including temperature, extraction time, and type of solvent along with Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were used. The results of single optimization of the independent variables showed the highest flavonoid content (15.19 mg/g) with 100% desirability at an extraction time of 48 h, the temperature of 60 °C by using ethanol solvent. The highest total phenolic content (16.96 mg/g) with 99.96% desirability was observed at an extraction time of 26 h, a temperature of 60 °C by using ethanol solvent. The highest amount of antioxidant compounds (3.03 mg/g) or the lowest IC50 value (mg/mL) with 100% desirability was found at an extraction time of 48 h at a temperature of 60 °C by using ethanol solvent. The results of simultaneous optimization of the extraction conditions by maceration method showed the highest flavonoid content (15.20 mg/g), total phenolic content (16.01 mg/g), and the lowest IC50 (3.03 mg/mL) with 98.157% desirability at extraction time of 48 h, the temperature of 60 °C using ethanol solvent. The highest mean Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of G. lucidum extract obtained by the maceration method were 2500 and 5000 μg/mL, respectively against Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia E. coli. The predicted optimized treatment had superior antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a non-growth halo (Zone of inhibition) diameter of 10.60 mm as compared to C. perfringens and E. coli. The results revealed that the G. lucidum extract obtained by the maceration method could be introduced as an antioxidant and antimicrobial source in marketable food products.


Inhaling steroids carries similar risks for developing glaucoma as taking them orally, Canadian researchers have established. They have shown that people with asthma who take high doses of inhaled steroids for more than three months are 44% more likely to develop glaucoma than non-users.

Investigators from the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, Canada, studied the relation between the use of inhaled and nasal steroids in 48 118 patients in the Quebec universal health insurance programme for elderly people.

They found …


Abstract Redox‐active N‐(fluoromethoxy)benzotriazoles were made accessible from fluoroacetic acid and hydroxybenzotriazoles via electrodecarboxylative coupling. After alkylation, they become effective monofluoromethoxylation reagents, enabling the photocatalytic C−H functionalization of arenes. Thus, irradiation of 1‐(OCH2F)‐3‐Me‐6‐(CF3)benzotriazolium triflate with blue LED light in the presence of [Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2] promotes the synthesis of diversely functionalized aryl monofluoromethyl ethers. This method allows the late‐stage functionalization of biologically relevant structures without relying on ecologically problematic halofluorocarbons.


The main aim of this work was the analyzing of the release to the atmosphere of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (D(a,h)A), and benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), three of the most carcinogenic PAHs listed by US-EPA as priority pollutants, emitted from combustion at the last generation reactors used nowadays in power generation, fluidized bed reactors, trying to establish their incidence when waste materials are used as "new fuels". BaP, D(a,h)A, and BaA emissions, once collected in the sampling system, have been analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy in the synchronous mode (FS) after extraction by ultrasonic bath with dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. Concerning to the combustion variables influence, the conclusion reached was that, in coal combustion, the lowest emissions of BaP are generated at percentages of excess oxygen of 20%, at flows corresponding to good fluidization conditions, 860 L/h (double of the minimum fluidization velocity) and temperatures out of 850 degrees C; the lowest emission of D(a,h)A are emitted at 20% excess oxygen, 900 L/h and out of 750 degrees C, and the lowest emission of BaA are generated at 20% excess oxygen, 860 L/h and out of the range 750-850 degrees C. Regarding tire as nonfossil fuel, higher emissions of BaP, BaA, and D(a,h)A are detected in comparison to coal combustion. In coal-tire blend, the BaP, BaA, and D(a,h)A emissions are more similar to the values obtained in coal combustion and not intermediate values as it could be expected by the blend composition.


Reducing the mass of satellites has a number of advantages in reducing both vehicle and launch costs. This means that if small and reliable buses can be developed the market for space based sensor systems might greatly expand. There are, however, problems with this approach. In particular, revenue earning capacity must be maximised despite decreasing size. Maximising revenue earning capacity demands the use of the most advanced electronics compatible with space applications to obtain the most sensitive detector systems without substantial cooling, and adopting very large integration scales within low-power electronic circuits to achieve a high processing capacity for low volume. The most advanced electronic technologies are usually not space qualified, and therefore incur substantial reliability risks. Small satellites also have less on-board mass available for redundant systems. Reducing system costs also involves the reduction of ground support infrastructure. These factors favour the use of greater levels of on-board autonomy than the current generation of typical large satellites. The use of autonomy becomes particularly attractive as the anticipated size of satellite constellations increases, since manual command and control support of constellations, the maintenance of ground models of each vehicle, and the tracking and control of operations through the satellite network are expected to be very expensive.


In September 1954 forces from the People's Republic of China began shelling Chinese Nationalist positions on the tiny offshore islands that lay between the mainland and Formosa (present-day Taiwan). The outsized US response to this routine harassment sparked a Cold War confrontation that soon threatened to escalate out of control. This paper explores Canada's stake in that crisis. It follows Ottawa's early reaction to the events in the straits and traces foreign minister Lester B. Pearson's mediatory efforts to promote negotiations and a peaceful settlement. Pearson's liberal internationalist impulses, the paper argues, were always balanced and shaped by a realist calculation of where Canada's national interest lay. His doubts about the wisdom of US policy and his commitment to allied unity ensured that he beat a dignified retreat when the circumstances for peacemaking proved unpropitious.


Resiliency is described as a successful adjustment outcome, process or capacity despite an environment including challenges and threats (Ozcan, 2005). Resiliency is a personal quality and power. It is the successful adjustment and recovery against stressful situations (Henderson & Milstein, 1996; Norman, 2000). Some children and youngsters are able to "survive" and continue their interaction with the environment successfully despite various negative events. Such kind of people generally are able to be resilient against stressful events, come through very fast and even become more powerful as a result of problems and negative environmental conditions (Ogulmus, 2001). Purpose of this study is to reveal whether ego resiliency of children attending preschool education institutions differs according to divorced and not divorced family. The study was conducted in survey method. Two groups of children from the province of Konya were included in the sample group of the study.  The first group involved 70 children from the age group of 5-6 years, with divorced parents. Children live with their mothers. Mothers in this group are supported by the Dost Eli Association both psychologically and economically. The other group of the study involved 92 children from the age group of 5-6 years, whose parents are not divorced. All of the children attend preschools. "Children's Ego Resiliency Scale" was used to determine their ego resiliency for data collection.  Eisenberg and colleagues adapted Block's Q-Sort method in 1996 to develop the Children's Ego Resiliency Scale, which is a measuring instrument that identifies the resiliency level of children. The 12-item scale is used to assess the resiliency level of preschool-primary school children. Adaptation of the scale into Turkish was conducted by Onder and Gulay Ogelman in 2011. Ego resiliency data of children were obtained from mothers during the study. Collection of data lasted about 3 months. The state of divorce does not have a significant effect on the ego resiliency levels of girls and boys in the sample handled. According to the findings obtained, although children with divorced families have lower mean score than children of undivorced families with respect to resilience, no statistically significant difference was found. The reason for this situation may be thought that divorced mothers included  in study group were provided both psychological and economical support by Friend Hand Association, which is a non-governmental organisation.  There are some limitations in this study, as well. In line with these limitations, following points should be considered in future studies on this subject: This study is limited with sampling groups consisting of 70 children with divorced parents and 92 children with undivorced parents. Such numbers may be increased in future studies. In this study, ego resiliency levels of children were determined according to the views of mothers. In other studies, data should be collected by means of different information sources such as peer views, sociometry and observation. Long-term effects of divorce on children should be determined by using relational survey method and conducting longitudinal studies. This study is limited with the variable of divorce. In future studies, effect of different variables (divorce process, how much time is spent with parents after divorce and how, etc.) regarding divorce should be examined. As well as social development, effect of divorce on other development fields should be investigated. It is required to conduct studies that investigate the effects on quality of the relationship of mother-child and father-child and the development of the child during and after the divorce.  According to the result of the study, it is recommended that family education programs could be prepared aimed at divorced family children and also psychological counselors can support the children in preschool age about the effects of divorce on child. In addition, to minimise divorce effects on children they can benefit from play therapy. In kindergartens, teachers should guide parents in divorce process, deal with children of such families personally, and observe them regularly and continuously. In addition, they should follow carefully general development of children of divorced families especially their social skills, peer relations, and school adjustment, and should immediately intervene in problems.


In order to explore new methods to decrease the chilling injury in Plum fruit,The effects of different concentrations of ascorbic acid treatment on chilling injury and the nutritional composition of plum fruits were investigated during low temperature storage.The results showed that the contents of titratable acid and vitamin C decreased rapidly,the content of reducing sugar,soluble protein and total sugar increased unconventionality,the index of chilling injury increased gradually when the control fruits stored at low temperature after 12 d,it showed that chilling injury had happened at this time.The content of protein,reducing sugar,total sugar showed increasing rapidly and decreasing slowly,the content of titratable acid and vitamin C showed decreasing slowly,the both index of chilling injury decreased obviously,it showed that ascorbic acid treatment inhibited chilling injury of plum obviously,and low concentrations ascorbic acid inhibited chilling injury effectively and maintained better nutritional quality of plum fruit.


Oxidation reactions of alcohols have been of interest due to their broad applications in different fields. Oxoammonium cation (TEMPO+) of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is a high-potential oxidant for the selective oxidation of primary alcohols, with hydroxylamine (TEMPOH) as a side product. TEMPO or TEMPO+ has been widely applied for various reactions. However, the conversion mechanisms among TEMPO, TEMPO+, and TEMPOH are not well understood and remain controversial, due to complications in the direct observation of the reactions. In this work, two-dimensional correlation (2D-COS) UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy is applied to examine the correlations between the characteristic bands of each species, to obtain insights into the complete reaction mechanisms. Series of dynamic UV–Vis spectra of solutions under different external perturbations (as a function of reaction time) were recorded and used in the generation of 2D-COS synchronous and asynchronous maps. The key UV–Vis band assignments are as follows: 250 nm and 400 nm for TEMPO, 290 nm and 480 nm for TEMPO+, and 200 nm and 315 nm for TEMPOH. The results indicate that the conversion between TEMPO and TEMPOH in acidic solution is a reversible process, which reaches an equilibrium state after two hours. However, the reaction becomes irreversible after three hours, due to a higher degree of irreversible protonation of TEMPOH to form TEMPOH-H+. Fast conversion from TEMPO to TEMPO+ is observed when sodium hypochlorite co-oxidant is added. The synproportionation–disproportionation also reaches an equilibrium. However, there is no evidence of the conversion from TEMPOH to TEMPO+ under the reaction conditions. At high reaction temperature, the formation of TEMPOH occurs first from TEMPO+ decomposition, followed by TEMPO decomposition. These detailed mechanisms are beneficial in designing the optimum process conditions for the oxidation of specific alcohols.


This paper describes the participation of the the MRIM research Group of the LIG laboratory in the ImageCLEF scalable concept image annotation subtask 1. We made use of a classical framework to annotate the 500K images of this task: we tuned an existing Convolutional Neural Network model to learn the 251 concepts and to locate bounding boxes of such concepts, and we applied a specific process to handle faces and face parts. Because of time constraints, we fully processed 35% of the full corpus (i.e. 180K images), and partially the remaining images of the corpus. For our first participation to this task, the results obtained show that we have to manage the localization in a more effective way.


For almost a century, methods of identifying a person by prints have been recognized as a reliable tool for forensic experts in the world. Cheiloscopic examination is used to solve a wide range of issues facing the investigation, especially in cases of absence of other material evidence. The article reveals the historical stages of development and improvement of methods of examination of lip prints, a list of issues that can be solved using such methods. Materials of the practical achievements of world scientists in the application of cheiloscopic research methods are provided.


The City of Las Cruces water utilities is being exposed to accelerated population growth and is faced with inadequate capital infrastructure to meet increasing demands. The City's water system is suddenly having to extend to new service areas, sometimes away water supply sources. The City has implemented a Capital Improvement Program (CIP) that combines water resources planning efforts with master planning of the water production and distribution infrastructure to provide a useful and reliable guide to utility expansion. The process that needs to be undertaken to arrive at a practical capital improvement program involves multiple resources, both fmancial and technical.


The photoelectrochemical behavior of synthetic crystals of WS/sub 2/, MoS/sub 2/ and crystals with mixed metal and chalcogen composition was studied and compared with the behavior of MoSe/sub 2/ and WSe/sub 2/. The composition and stoichiometry of the crystals and the composition of the electrolyte are varied and the behavior of the materials in a regenerative liquid junction solar cell is measured and analyzed. The quantum yields as a function of wavelength and photon flux are investigated and sunlight to electricity conversion efficiencies are measured. The formation of iodine layers on the photoelectrode surface under high illumination intensity was observed and discussed with respect to the use of these materials with solar concentrators. Various configurations for photoelectrochemical photovoltaic solar cells are reviewed and evaluated. Both flat plate cells and cells with moderate light concentration are examined. Several novel systems where the electrolyte plays a role in light concentration are proposed. The photoelectrolysis of HBr into hydrogen and bromine has been achieved with visible light in a p-n photoelectrolysis cell composed of a p-InP electrode with noble metal hydrogen catalyst islands on the surface and an n-type MoSe/sub 2/ or a WSe/sub 2/ photoanode. HI can also be photoelectrolyzed with themore » same electrodes with the additional simultaneous production of electrical power. The efficiencies for 514.5 nm laser light are 5.2% and 3.7% for HBr and HI, respectively. The spectral response indicates that photons of 1.35 eV can also accomplish the photoelectrolysis which indicates good prospects for solar energy conversion.« less


The purpose of this paper is to review current ideas of agricultural development in the sub-tropical and temperate parts of the western Old World and to suggest that the small scale and restricted extent of early cultivation systems gave them a unique character which has not been generally appreciated. Recent studies of prehistoric settlement in the western Old World have shown the basic role of soil moisture in early cultivation, and the association of such sites with riverine and springside locations. The beginning of such a cropping system marked a significant departure from earlier forms of cereal exploitation in the natural habitat zone, and may have involved a difference in growth cycle from that of the wild forms. The kind of cultivation which can be reconstructed as the earliest stage of agriculture is best described as a form of fixed plot horticulture dependent on ground- and surface-water, which differentiated in succeeding millennia into various forms of dry farming and irrigation agriculture. The former path involved the development of cultivation techniques suitable for interfluvial areas, including plough cultivation and swiddening; while the latter involved increasing degrees of water management to enlarge the area suitable for intensive cultivation. Because the evidence for early cultivation systems is so varied in character and the arguments often speculative, three aspects will be considered separately rather than treated in strict chronological or regional order. After a short discussion of current schemes of agricultural development, the problem is approached first from the settlement evidence, and then from the viewpoint of crop ecology, before discussing the development of methods of water-management. The final section sets these observations in a wider context.


The sharing economy is treated as an alternative consumption model. Its aim is to increase the efficiency of the resources used and create a new value for society. In order to create a new value for business, attempts are being made to implement a shared economy model in the B2B (business-to-business) sector. While this model is effectively implemented in the case of B2C (business-to-consumer) relations, sharing resources is still a problem in the business environment. In the case of B2B relationships, the use of the sharing economy has a number of unresolved issues concerning legal regulations, responsibility, and security. The research presented in this article includes the analysis and assessment of the sharing economy between enterprises in order to identify whether, and in what way, the exchange of material resources between them is implemented. In order to indicate what factors motivate enterprises for sharing and using the resources of other companies, the selected methods of statistical testing were applied. The empirical research was preceded by the literature analysis in which the basic concepts and aspects of the concept of the sharing economy was referred to against the background of the fourth industrial revolution. The obtained results showed that enterprises which have fixed assets are willing to exchange them with other entities. At the same time, the lack of formal and technological solutions is the most important barrier in implementing the economy of sharing in B2B.


It is a job that could not have existed five years ago, but one Gold Coast woman is living the high life as Australia's first professional Instagram user.


Abstract Right‐wing populist parties (RWPPs) view immigration as a threat to national identity and cultural and political cohesion. This paper explores the discourse on immigration of two such parties during a systemic crisis (the COVID‐19 pandemic) in a borderland area that entails a specific "symbolization" of the border as a result of geographic proximity. What kind of bordering narratives occur in this context, and how do they evolve? To answer these questions, the major RWPPs operating in the Geneva region were studied: the Genevan Swiss People's Party and the Geneva Citizens' Movement. Through a critical discourse analysis, a total of 181 documents published between 1 January and 31 August 2020 were analyzed, including the parties' official Facebook posts, press releases, and newspaper articles. Results show that the context of the pandemic favored the emergence of a strong re‐bordering narrative.


Prediction of water demand is a basic link in water resources plan and management. Reasonable and accurate prediction of storage helps to develop the plan of water resources the next year, which is very favorable to improve the utilization ratio of water resources and reduce the waste of water resources. This paper uses BP neural network to simulate and predict the water content based on the data of water in recent ten years in Hubei province and evaluates the forecast results. The results show that BP neural network for water demand prediction is feasible.


The aim of this chapter is to describe narrative components such as narration, focalization, narrative situations, narrative time, tenses, moods, proposition, fictional space, chronotopes, characters, and discourse—and their reflection in advertising—to frame an analytical plane on how they can be used in advertising researches. In this context, the fundamental concepts of narratology are defined in separate headings and related concepts are shown. In addition, how those concepts are reflected in ads is shown and the study tries to explain what points the researchers can focus on. In the conclusion of the study, some points about the future of advertising and narrative in the digital age are mentioned.