Abstract Background Low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary/peritoneum (LGSOC) is a rare subtype, accounting for 5-10% of all serous cancers, and is characterized by alterations in the MAPK pathway, relative chemoresistance, and prolonged overall survival (OS) compared to high-grade serous carcinoma. NRG Oncology in the US and the National Cancer Research Network (NCRN) in the UK collaborated on a phase II/III trial to assess the efficacy of a MEK inhibitor trametinib (TRAM) compared to physician's choice standard of care (SOC) in recurrent LGSOC. Methods Patients (pts) were randomized 1:1 to receive either TRAM 2 mg daily or 1 of 5 SOC options (weekly paclitaxel, PLD, topotecan, letrozole, or tamoxifen) until disease progression. Pts who progressed on SOC were allowed to crossover to TRAM. The primary objective tested the progression-free survival (PFS) superiority of TRAM vs SOC. Secondary objectives included toxicity, QoL, and objective response rate (ORR) by RECIST 1.1. Exploratory objectives were OS and PFS and ORR after crossover. PFS and OS curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by a 1-sided, α = 0.025 log-rank test. Results 260 pts (48.1% had >3 prior lines of therapy) were enrolled between Feb 2014 and Apr 2018. Median follow-up was 31.4 months (mo). PFS was significantly improved for TRAM compared to SOC (median, 13.0 vs 7.2 mo; HR 0.48; 95% CI, 0.36-0.64; P 3 AE in TRAM vs SOC were hematologic toxicity (13.4% vs 9.4%), GI toxicity (27.6% vs 29%), skin toxicity (15% vs 3.9%), and vascular toxicity (18.9% vs 8.6%). Median OS for TRAM vs SOC was 37.0 mo (95% CI, 30.3-NE) vs 29.2 mo (95% CI, 23.5-51.6) (HR 0.75; 95% CI, 0.51-1.11). For 88 pts who crossed over to TRAM, median PFS = 10.8 mo (95% CI, 7.3-12.0), and ORR = 15% (95% CI, 0.07-0.22). Conclusions Compared to physician's choice SOC, TRAM was associated with significantly improved PFS and ORR in women with recurrent LGSOC. Clinical trial identification NCT02101788. Legal entity responsible for the study National Cancer Institute (NRG Oncology). Funding National Cancer Institute (US) and Novartis. Disclosure W. Brady: Full / Part-time employment: Sarah Cannon Development Innovations. R.L. Coleman: Advisory / Consultancy, Leadership role, Research grant / Funding (self), Non-remunerated activity/ies: AbbVie; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: aravive; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self), Non-remunerated activity/ies: AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: clovis; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Roche Genentech; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (self), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Novartisjavascript:%20create_table_line('1',%20new%20Array('ent',%20'des',%20'tor'));; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Janssen; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Merck; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Immunogen; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Tesaro/GSK; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Genmab; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Gamamab; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Oncomed; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Agenus; Research grant / Funding (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): NCI-SPORE. K.N. Moore: Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy: Clovis. S. Banerjee: Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Tesaro; Honoraria (self): Clovis; Honoraria (self): Merck Sereno; Honoraria (self): Seattle Genetics; Honoraria (self), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Roche; Honoraria (self): PharmaMar; Research grant / Funding (institution): Janssen Cilag; Honoraria (self), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Gamamabs. A.A. Secord: Research grant / Funding (institution): AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas Pharma Inc., AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis, Eisai, Endocyte, Exelixis, Incyte, Merck, PharmaMar, Immutep Ltd, Roche/Genentech, Seattle Genetics, Inc, TapImmune and Tesaro; Honoraria (self): Aravive, AstraZeneca, Clovis, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Mersana, Oncoquest, Roche/Genentech, and Tesaro . D.M. O'Malley: Honoraria (self), Advisory Board: Genelux; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution), Advisory Board: Eisai; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): GOG Foundation; Honoraria (self): NCCN; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Immunogen; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Advisory board, Steering Committee: Clovis; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Advisory board: Abbie, Iovance ; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), US PI/Steering Committee: Novocure; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Advisory board, Steering Committee: Tesaro; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Advisory board, steering Committee: AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Advisory board, PI, Steering Committee: Agenus; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Advisory board: OncoQuest; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Advisory board: Ambry; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Genentech; Research grant / Funding (institution): Regeneron; Research grant / Funding (institution): AMGEN, BMS; Research grant / Funding (institution): Array Biopharma, inVentiv ; Research grant / Funding (institution): Janssen, Tracon; Research grant / Funding (institution): EMD Serono; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Advisory board: Leap Therapeutics. O. Dorigo: Advisory / Consultancy, Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: Tesaro; Speaker Bureau / Expert testimony: AstraZeneca; Advisory / Consultancy: Clovis; Advisory / Consultancy: Merck. S. Gaillard: Research grant / Funding (institution): Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, Gradalis, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Merck, PharmaMar, TetraLogic Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie; Advisory / Consultancy: AstraZeneca, Immunogen. C. Gourley: Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy: Roche; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: MSD; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Tesaro; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (institution): Nucana; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Clovis; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Foundation One; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy: Sierra Oncology; Honoraria (self), Honoraria (institution), Advisory / Consultancy, Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Cor2ED; Research grant / Funding (institution): Novartis; Research grant / Funding (institution): Aprea. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Undertaking joint projects in practice involves a lot of uncertainty, especially when it comes to the final costs. This paper addresses the problem of sharing realized costs by the participants, subject to their indvidual liquidity constraints. If all cost levels can be accounted for, and it the individual agent's liquidity is at least the fair share of the average risk-adjusted costs, then it is possible to find an egalitarian solution to this problem. We characterize this rule by means of properties that are defined for solutions in the context of rationingn problems. The rule we propose is reminiscent to the constrained equal award rule in rationing models. First, there is a vector of transfers allocated to the agents if there are no costs of the project. The constrained equal award rule is applied to the variable component, i.e., when the liquidities are corrected for the transfers.


Through using the method of literature review and expert interview,this paper carried out systematic analysis on the role of Shanghai government in the operation of major sports competition events,deeply studied the rationality of the role of Shanghai government and the changes of the operating environment of future major sports competition events in shanghai and put forwarded some suggestions for the role of Shanghai government in the operation of major sports competition events in the future.


This paper deals with the effect of steel fiber amounts and the interaction between the fiber amount and stirrup ratio on the shear behavior and capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) deep beams with steel fibers. The experimental program was carried out on twelve deep beams with different fiber amounts (0, 30, 40, and 65 kg/m3) and stirrup ratios (0.1, 0.15, and 0.25%). The test results have shown that the use of steel fibers increased the shear resistance (up to 55%), reduced the shear crack width (up to 11 times) and deflection (up to 57%) of the tested deep beams. Also, it was found that using unsuitable steel fiber amount and stirrup ratio would reduce the efficiency of the fibers in a deep beam due to the interaction between the fibers and stirrups. Increasing the stirrup ratio in a deep beam with a high amount of steel fibers can reduce the efficacy of the fibers in enhancing the shear capacity of the beam. The most cost-effective steel fiber amount was found to be around 30 to 45 kg/m3.


Mount Ijo is a Tertiarry vocano located in Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta Province. Andesite and dacite are the two volcanic rock units in Mount Ijo and around Kulonprogo. Dacite intruded andesite unit in Middle Miocene period. The two volcanic rock units are tried to be correlated based on geochemistry perspective. XRF were applied on major oxides measurements of selected eight samples while ICP-MS on trace and rare earth elements. Major oxides data of volcanic rocks arround Kulonprogo from previous studies are selected for additional data.The studied rocks are classified as basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, and dacite based on their geochemistry contents. The studied samples show high degree of correlation in the Harker's Diagrams. Olivine and pyroxene fractionation together with ilmenite oxidation are most probably took place along magma differentiation. Alike patterns were also shown both in extended REE and REE spider diagrams. The comagmatic andesite and dacite is evidenced more by constant Rb/Sr ratio escalation through differentiation. Keyword: andesite, dacite, geochemistry, magma differentiation, Kulonprogo


This paper examines the association between disability and disadvantage among Australian youth. Past experiences (e.g., school achievement), and present circumstances (e.g., participation in education and employment) as well as aspirations and expectations (e.g., expected education and career) are investigated. The results show that young people growing up with a disability, especially a developmental/learning disability, have significantly worse outcomes in many aspects (past experiences in particular) than those without disability. Further, outcomes for young people with disability are poorer if disability is compounded by other sources of disadvantage such as poor maternal educational attainment. Evidence of intergenerational transmission of disadvantage is also revealed.


Ideological discourse implies that the subject of the discourse depends on the scientific nature of the ideology and is effectively expressed throughout its discursive career. Reaching the content of propagating its discourse, provoking social thought, it guides and manages public opinion, and integrates and extends its ideological rules and influence in the field of morphology. This paper discusses the problems that exist in the expected construction of Marxist ideology from the perspective of the development of ideology in the new era in China, and at the same time proposes specific countermeasures in the hope of promoting the development of Marxist ideology.


The Spanish Antilles were an exception in the independence process  in the  Americas.  This  article  deals  with  the  case  of Cuba,  where  the  Havanna  elites,  in  full  economic  expansion with the sugar business, promoted a Junta in 1808, the first one in the New World. This Junta failed eventually, due to the threat of divisions in the hegemonic social group, to the use of crowds by one of its factions, and to the intervention of groups of black people in the outcries. The author  offers a reconstruction of this process and links the experience with certain demands in which doctrinary aspects  become  inseparable  from  group  interests; at every  moment,  the  analysis  highlights  the  relation  between social conditions and the expression  of a consciousness  in process of formation.


Convention between the Hellenic Republic and the Kingdom of Belgium for the avoidance of double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income. Athens, 25 May 2004


SIR,-In 1957, while on a private visit to the United States, Dr. Bradford Green, of Buckingham, Pennsylvania, showed me a method he was using to occlude the cord at birth, which involved slipping a tight rubber ring over the cord a few millimetres from the umbilicus. Three years later in the course of an investigation I found that this hospital had discarded the traditional ligatures of twisted linen thread or of French tape in favour of rubber bands. The bands were a H.M. Stationery Office band about 2 in. (5 cm.) in length and they were twisted round and round the cord till occlusion was perfect. No trouble had arisen since they were introduced, whereas prior to this bleeding had occasionally occurred, sometimes of a serious nature. A Ukrainian, Silesky, working at a displaced persons camp in Aschaffenburg, was probably the first to use rubber bands for this purpose. These were 3-4 mm. wide, cut from the pressure tubing of transfusion sets. This method was brought to New Jersey by Tamara Nabolotny, who published the method in 1950.1 In 1961 Baden' introduced two modifications-he used latex bands instead of rubber, and he incorporated a loop of 00 cotton 6 in. (15 cm.) in length, previously passed through the latex band, which served to pull the band down to the required level on the cord after the cord had been pulled through the loop. This is the method now used with complete success in this hospital and which we now recommend for adoption throughout this country. Nabolotny's band method (without the thread) was redescribed by Betheras in 1963,' though he uses a special three-way stretch "umbilical cord bander." The following is a description of the method now in use


Parallel computation can be conceived as a structure with its nodes representing computation and branches representing cooperation. Parallel computers can also be modeled by networks, where nodes are processors and links are memory and buses. The computational structure is "soft" because its pattern can be changed according to different applications. However, the computer architecture is "hard" because the interconnection network is usually fixed. A fundamental problem for parallel computation is how to map a versatile computational structures to a rigid architecture so that the maximum speedup and the minimum communication overhead will be achieved.
The difficulty of solving this problem comes from our computational model that allows mutual communication among processes. If two processes talk to each other, they should be assigned to two processors which in some sense are 'near'. If a large number of processes exist, the assignment task is NP hard. In this dissertation, I investigate a new computational model called the Structure Programming Model. The model combines data flow concepts with conventional control flow strategy. A process is invoked only when its input data and control token are ready and the process will not communicate to other processes during its execution. After the execution, the result will be sent out to invoke next processes. Process executions are concurrent and independent. The process communication is carried out by unidirectional message passing that occurs only when a process is invoked or is finished.
If we consider the computational structure to be a graph and color its nodes on execution, then the execution of a program will appear as a wave propagating on the graph. The wave will move forward and change its shape when computing is going on. A parallel computer architecture, called the Wavefront Computer, is investigated. The Wavefront Computer is a partial shared memory machine with a multiple bus system, tailored for the above computational model. It has a large communication bandwidth like a local memory machine. It also has a simple control scheme like a shared memory machine. The architecture has a very flexible and fast communication capability.
The Wavefront Computer is a MIMD general purpose machine. The major application for this computer is the large-grain parallel computing that is widely used in computer graphics and other scientific computations.


[Formula: see text]/NH3fluxes were used to probe apical Na-K-2Cl transport activity of macula densa (MD) cells from rabbit kidney. In the presence of 25 mM NaCl and 5 mM Ba2+, addition of 20 mM[Formula: see text] to the lumen produced a profound intracellular acidification, and ∼80% of the initial acidification rate was bumetanide sensitive. The[Formula: see text]-induced acidification rate was dependent on luminal Cl- and Na+ with apparent affinities of 17 ± 4 mM (Hill number 1.45) and 1.0 ± 0.3 mM, respectively. In the presence of saturating luminal NaCl concentration ([NaCl]L), blockade of basolateral Cl- efflux with 10 μM 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB) reduced the [Formula: see text]-induced acidification rate by 51 ± 6% ( P> 0.01, n = 5). Under similar conditions, dibutyryl-cAMP (DBcAMP) + forskolin increased the[Formula: see text]-induced acidification rate by 27%, whereas it produced no detectable effect at low luminal NaCl concentration. Most of the observed DBcAMP + forskolin effect was probably due to the stimulation of the basolateral Cl- conductance, since, in the presence of basolateral NPPB, this activation was changed to a 17.1% and 16.6% inhibition of the[Formula: see text]-induced acidification rate observed at high or low [NaCl]L, respectively. We conclude that the cotransporter found in MD cells displays, with respect to other Na-K-2Cl cotransporters, a relatively high affinity for luminal Na+ and luminal Cl- and can be specifically inhibited by increases in intracellular Cl- and cAMP concentrations.


Objective To explore the influencing factors of short-term death rate in patients with Tetralogy of fallot after operation.Methods The clinical data of patients with Tetralogy of fallot who received diorthosis were retrospectively analyzed.Mlutinomial Logistical regression analysis was used in this study.Results The five risk factors of short-term death rate in patients with Tetralogy of fallot after operation were as following:the age of patients 2years(OR=7.17,95%CI =1.637%~31.408%,);the ratio of the diameter of probe through pulmonary valve to body surface area3.5(OR=12.071,95%CI=2.502%~58.222%);the blocking time 100 minutes(OR=14.831,95%CI=2.475%~88.865%);McGoon values 1.2(OR=38.275,95%CI= 7.968%~183.869%);age height standard deviation -3X(OR=5.578,95%CI=1.057%~29.430%).Conclusion The five independent risk factors of short-term death rate in patients with Tetralogy of fallot after operation are:the age of patients 2 years;the ratio of the diameter of probe through pulmonary valve to body surface area 3.5;the blocking time 100 minutes;McGoon values 1.2;the age height standard deviation.


Gene carriers made from synthetic materials are of interest in relation to gene therapy but suffer from lack of transfection efficiency upon systemic delivery. To address this problem, a novel lipo‐peptide‐PEG conjugate constituted by a lipid‐anchor, a peptide sensitive to proteases and a poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain is investigated. Utilizing ethanol‐mediated nucleic acid encapsulation to prepare lipo‐nanoparticles (LNPs), LNPs that are stable in serum are obtained. The LNPs constitute a highly effective gene delivery systems in vitro and possess the right features for further investigation in vivo including a PEG layer and a net negative charge that should ensure long‐circulating properties before being activated by proteases in diseased tissue. Protease activation leads to detachment of PEG and a charge switching where the LNPs become positive due to the presence of glutamates in the cleaved peptide moiety. The cationic lipid DOTAP is used mainly to complex DNA and proton titratable DODAP is used to increase endosomal escape and enhance transfection efficiency. The idea of using a mixture of permanently charged and titratable cationic lipids shielded by a protease sensitive negatively charged lipo‐peptide‐PEG coat appears to be a highly efficient solution for achieving effective non‐viral gene delivery and the results warrant further investigations.


Purpose: In this study whether career adaptability and career optimism of senior year undergraduate students change according to their gender, faculty, form of their faculty/ department choice, their plans upon what they are going to do after graduation, their thoughts about finding a job and about the fact that the job which they have found is related to the field they were graduated from was investigated. Design/Methodology/Approach: For this purpose 323 final year undergraduate students who studied at different faculties in a state university in Ankara are included in this study. Career Adaptability and Optimism Scale ( CAOS) and Personal Information Form were used. Data was analyzed with t test and one-way analysis of variance. Findings: According to the findings of the research; CAOS points of the students, who studied at faculties which offers easy job finding opportunities or difficult job finding opportunities, who come the department with different reasons, whose thoughts about finding a job after graduation and about the fact that the job which they have found is related to the field they were graduated from are different. On the other hand there is no meaningful difference between gender variable and between the students whose plans upon what they are going to do after graduation are different in terms of CAOS. Highlights: Findings were discussed in the view of literature and some recommendations were put forward in terms of career counseling.


Background: Since the first description of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) in 1977 several attempts have been made to find the ideal diagnostic technique. Localized QRS prolongation in right precordial leads gained general interest in 1993, although the definition and value of this diagnostic criterion is not well established.


The principal objective of this article is to develop new formulas of the so-called Chebyshev polynomials of the fifth-kind. Some fundamental properties and relations concerned with these polynomials are proposed. New moments formulas of these polynomials are obtained. Linearization formulas for these polynomials are derived using the moments formulas. Connection problems between the fifth-kind Chebyshev polynomials and some other orthogonal polynomials are explicitly solved. The linking coefficients are given in forms involving certain generalized hypergeometric functions. As special cases, the connection formulas between Chebyshev polynomials of the fifth-kind and the well-known four kinds of Chebyshev polynomials are shown. The linking coefficients are all free of hypergeometric functions.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a serious public health problem worldwide. However, little is known about the prevalence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Japan. We aimed to examine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among 2,160 healthcare workers in general hospitals and clinics in Japan. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G was 1.2% in August and October 2020, which is relatively higher than that in the general population in Japan. Because of the higher risk of COVID-19 infection, healthcare workers should be the top priority for further social support and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.


In experiments on intact rats it was established that dexamethasone and hydrocortisone induce biosynthesis of mitochondrial RNA in a similar way, the, action being of the phase character. Three maxima of RNA biosynthesis induction in the liver mitochondria were found. The first increase of RNA biosynthesis intensity in organelles was noted 15 minutes after administration of glucocorticoids, it was short-term and less pronounced than the subsequent ones. The maximal increase of mitochondrial RNA synthesis was observed at the 4th hour of the action of glucocorticoids (the 3rd phase). The increase of mitochondrial RNA synthesis intensity was associated with the decrease of the specific radioactivity of cytoplasmic RNA.


In this paper,the author proves that h_0b_1~4 is a permanent circle in Adams spectral sequence and converges to a nonzero element of the stable homotopy groupsπ_*V(2),where V(n) is Toda-Smith spectrum.Furthermore,with the help of Yoneda products,it is shown that ■_th_0b_1~4 is a permanent circle in Adams spectral sequence and converges to a nonzero element of the stable homotopy groups of sphereπ~*(S).


Introduce a new wireless temperature and humidity detection system based on single chip microcomputer MSP430F437, which consists of LCD screen, data acquisition module, data storage module, power management module, wireless communication module, USB serial module, etc, can real-time display current temperature and humidity values, the data collected can be transmitted to the computer through wireless module and USB port, can display the current temperature and humidity values on computer and can carry out multi-channel simultaneous detection, and support for online recording measurement data. The testing of the prototype proved that the wireless temperature and humidity detection system can accurately capture the current temperature and humidity information, the data collected is more accurate than other methods with high degree of automation. The system can be applied in a variety of environments for temperature and humidity detection, and has good application prospects.


A stochastic characterization is given for quasi-continuous functions associated with Hunt processes. Introduction. Quasi-continuous functions have been studied in various frameworks of potential theory, especially Dirichlet spaces (cf. [1, 4, 5]). The main object of this paper is to establish the relation between the quasi-continuity and the quasi left continuity of processes. Under rather strong duality assumptions, it also appears that the quasi-continuous functions are the functions which are finely and cofinely continuous. 1. Definitions. Let Xt be a Hunt process defined on a compact space E containing a cemetery A with a reference measure m we may assume to be bounded. In the sequel we shall use mostly the notations of [2], and all functions and sets will be implicitly assumed nearly Borel. A bounded sequence of functions fn is said to be converging quasi-uniformly towards f iff for some a > 0 there exists a sequence gn of a-excessive functions decreasing to 0 m a.s. (and therefore quasi everywhere (cf. [2, Proposition 3.2, p. 280])), such that If fI is smaller than gn. This definition is independent of a. Indeed, for any 3 > 0, g9 + (a -,3)U13gn is ,3 excessive, decreases to 0 q.e. and dominates If fnl. One can give an alternate and more intuitive definition of the quasi-uniform convergence. PROPOSITION 1. A bounded sequence fn converges quasi-uniformly iff there exists a sequence Gm of open sets such that (a) fn converges uniformly on every set E Gm; (b) the capacitary potentials elmEx(e`TGm) are decreasing to 0 m a.s. (and therefore quasi everywhere), for a > 0. REMARK. The property (b) is independent of a and equivalent to (b') the stopping times TGm increase to +oo P. a.s. for every initial distribution 1i charging no polar set. PROOF. The sufficiency is easy to check. If fn is uniformly bounded by M, for each m, Ifn fI < 2-m + 2Me' for n large enough, and the sequence of a excessive functions 2-m + 2Mel decreases a.s. to 0. Gm Received by the editors May 9, 1980 and, in revised form, November 18, 1980 and November 1, 1981. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 60J40; Secondary 60J45.


Two flavonoids, quercetin and dihydroquercetin, and two cinnamic acid derivatives, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid, were selected as being representatives of plant phenolic antioxidants. Tests of antioxidant activity showed the two flavonoids were more effective than the two cinnamic acid derivatives. However, in thiamin degradation tests, cinnamic acid derivatives showed a greater degradation of thiamin than did the flavonoids. The effect of caffeic acid on thiamin degradation was found to be pH dependent. The influence of phenolic compounds at pH 5.5 was extremely slight; the degradation of thiamin was considerably more rapid at pH 7 than at pH 5.5. Spectral and thin-layer chromatographic analyses demonstrated that thiamin disulfide was the major product of thiamin degradation created by phenolic oxidation compounds.


This work aims at evaluating from a critical perspective the socio-economic and territorial effects exerted by the ecosystem of new companies with high levels of innovation, creativity and technological assets, that is to say the creative startup which are widely regarded as players of entrepreneurial spirit and territorial innovation.
From the theoretical standpoint, the research is included in the frame of economic geography exploring patterns and diffusion of knowledge, innovation and creativity.
From the methodological point of view, the work scrutinises the localization factors, the patterns of clusterization and the relations between creative startups, urban milieux and local entrepreneurial ecosystem through a place-based case study: the Italian southern region Sicily, which represents a highly interesting case due to the recent emphasis on creativity and innovation as tools of development for the disadvantaged socio-economic regions.
Thus, in the first section the work deepens the theoretical and epistemological issues related to the concepts of knowledge, creativity, innovation as well ass their relations with economic and urban structures, ranging from the Creative City paradigm to the new mantra of Startup City. In the second section, the territorial dimension of innovation and creativity is explored at the European and national level and, finally, through the case study about Sicily.


[Cr(NH3)6] [ZnCI4]CI, trigonal, R-3c; a= 7.5415 (5), c=44.959 (3) A (on hexagonal axes); Z = 6, Do = 1.78, De= 1.785 g cm -3. The compound was prepared in an attempt to produce the trigonal-bipyramidal [ZnCIs] 3anion. The structure consists of [Cr(NH3)6] 3 +, [ZnC14] zand CIions. The [ZnCI4] 2ion is severely distorted from a regular tetrahedral geometry by the close approach of the CIion in the incipient formation of a fifth Zn-CI bond. [Cr(NH3)6] [CoCI4]CI is isostructural. Introduction. Initial cell dimensions for hexagonal axes were determined from precession photographs (Mo Ka radiation). Systematic absences (hkl absent unless h + k + l= 3n, hhl absent unless l= 2n) indicated space group R3c (No. 167) or R3c (No. 161). A yellow crystal displaying point-group symmetry 3m, with faces of the forms {001} and {104}, was sealed in a Lindemann glass tube and mounted on a Hilger & Watts Y290 four-circle diffractometer in a general orientation. Unit-cell parameters and the orientation matrix were refined by least squares from 12 reflexions (20>38 °, MoK~ radiation, 2=0.71069 A, Zr filter) (Busing & Levy, 1967). Intensities were collected for two equivalent sets of reflexions with 20<55 ° (0-20 scan mode, 4s count at each of 80 steps of 0.01 ° in 0, background counts of 80s at each end of the scan). Three standard reflexions showed < 2 % intensity decay during the collection; linear decay functions were fitted and applied. The crystal was measured with a travelling microscope and absorption corrections applied by a Gaussian integration method (/z= 33 cm -1, 312 grid points, transmission factors range from 0.411 to 0.716). 987 reflexions with positive net recorded intensity were merged to give 521 unique reflexions, with an internal consistency index ~(w~+w2)(F~F2)2/2~(wtF2+ w2F22)=3"0% [ w = 1/a2(F), based on counting statistics]. The statistical distribution of E values indicated the centrosymmetric space group R3e. This would require the Cr and Zn atoms to lie on special positions with site symmetries 3($6) and 32(D3), which implies a regular trigonal-bipyramidal [ZnCIs] 3anion. A Fourier synthesis phased by the metal atoms, however, showed the Zn atom to be disordered over two equal-weight symmetry-related sites close to the 32 position. All attempts to find a solution in lower-symmetry space groups were unsuccessful. With a twofold disorder model for Zn in R'3c, the CI and N atoms were located, and the structure refined by full-matrix least squares to a minimum value of Y.wd 2 (A = IFolIFcl). Complex scattering factors for Cr a+, Zn 2+, CI-, N and H were those of Cromer & Waber (1974) and Cromer & Ibers (1974). With anisotropic thermal parameters, R was reduced to 9.12 % and Rw[=(~wA2/~wlFol2) 1/2] to 8.27%. It was then possible to resolve the 'equatorial' CI atom [C1(2)] into two half-weight symmetry-related components. Further refinement (R=7.15, Rw=5.90%) followed by a difference map revealed the positions of the H atoms. These were also refined, with individual isotropic temperature factors, and the final values of R and Rw were 4.95 and 3.77%. The number of parameters refined was 41. All shift/e.s.d, ratios in the final cycle were < 0.005. The weighting scheme was shown to be consistent by an analysis of variance (Hamilton, 1974). Atomic parameters are shown in Table 1. It was not possible to resolve CI(1) into disorder components, and the reasonable U values indicate that any disorder for CI(1) is insignificant. A final difference synthesis showed no significant features.* Discussion. Although [CuC15] 3(Raymond, Meek & [bers, 1968), [CdCIs] 3(Long, Herlinger, Epstein & * A list of structure factors has been deposited with the British Library Lending Division as Supplementary Publication No. SUP 31844 (5 pp.). Copies may be obtained through The Executive Secretary, International Union of Crystallography, 13 White Friars, Chester CH1 1NZ, England. Table 1. Atomic coordinates


Rainer Bauböck's "Democratic Inclusion: A Pluralistic Theory of Citizenship" is characteristically incisive. In this essay and elsewhere (e.g. Bauböck 2003, 2007), he has liberated normative political theory from the girdle of territorial boundary conditions. If ever it was, it is obviously no longer possible to posit a world of perfectly segmented national communities. For normative theory to remain relevant, it has to acknowledge the mismatch between borders on the map and the boundaries of human community. Bauböck's work offers a rigorous defence of citizenship and the state against the new architectures of globalization. It's as good a defence as can be offered. But political theorists do not the state make. Membership in the state remains supremely important; by far the most important associational attachment of individuals. But there are cracks in the edifice. Bauböck confronts the territorial leakiness of state-based communities. But the assault on the state is more insidious than he can safely concede. This essay interrogates Bauböck's stakeholder model as a matter of theory and highlights possibly unsustainable empirical assumptions behind it. It is unclear what binds citizens together in the stakeholder state. There is a suggestion of shared purpose, but it is not apparent what that purpose consists of beyond the collective maintenance of a safe space, democratically self-governed. That seems a weak reed on which to support the heavy lifting of the liberal state. The intergenerational 7


We have used Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance methods to measure the spin-lattice and transverse relaxation times at 220 MHz of the choline N-methyl and the fatty-acid a-carbonyl, allyl, vinyl, methylene, and methyl protons of sonicated egg-yolk lecithin. Over the temperature range investigated the T, values were, in general, similar to, but different from, one another, suggesting that the relaxation rates of all of the fatty-acid protons are not determined solely by spin-diffusion to a heat sink. Arrhenius plots of the T, data gave activation energies similar to those for the bar- riers to internal rotation in alkanes. The values of the trans- verse relaxation rate, T2, showed a relatively large variation among the proton resonances; about 20% of the methy- lene protons had a T2 of 56 msec, while the remaining pro- tons relaxed according to a distribution of values all shorter than 20 msec. Such a distribution of relaxation times is envisioned to arise from a distribution of correlation times stemming from complex motions in which extended angu- lar excursions of the fatty acid chain are coupled to trans -- gauche conformational transitions.


Vitamins are micronutrients essential for the metabolism of all living organisms. Humans are incapable of synthesizing most vitamins; consequently they have to obtain it exogenously. Vitamin-producing microorganisms represent a more natural and consumer-friendly alternative to chemically synthesized vitamins.This book contains several experiments on microbial production of vitamins using different microorganisms. The first part of this investigation concerned with isolation and identification of vitamin producing microorganisms from plants collected from Upper Egypt. The second part of this study focused on screening for highly riboflavin and β-carotene microbial producers and improvement of medium components for high riboflavin and β-carotene production using statistical methods (Plackett–Burman design and response surface methodology).


Summary. - It has been proved by Accola that any 3-fold unbranched covering of a Riemann surface of genus two is hyperelliptic (a 2-fold branched covering of the 2-sphere) if the covering is nonregular, and 1-hyperelliptic (a 2-fold branched covering of a torus) if it is regular. In the present paper, we show that the corresponding result holds for closed 3-manifolds when replacing the genus by the Heegaard genus.


The management of the ore loss and ore dilution in the all-around technology and production in the mining process.The paper introduces the experience in the fields of loss and dilution fields.What the result shows that it is a effect way to reduce the ore loss and ore dilution.


T Note is mainly concerned with the numerical data for the frictional stress and heat-transfer rate at the wall obtained from previous theoretical investigations" of laminar shock-induced boundary layers and their reduction to convenient forms of wall-friction coefficient and Nusselt number. To obtain a Nusselt number it is useful to know the recovery enthalpy for the boundary layer, and, in this aspect, the published data are incomplete. In particular, in Mirels's work, heat-transfer data are given, but no data for recovery factor are provided. Therefore, the recovery factors corresponding to most of the cases considered by Mirels have been calculated and are presented in the present Note.


This article proposed an anti-pigeon design that engages with human emotions, named APHE, to not only deters feral pigeons but also to please users and maintain unobstructed views from high floors. The APHE was inspired by the useless machine originated by Bruno Munari. Its functioning consists of an Arduino Nano MCU and a distance detect sensor. When a bird approaches the APHE, its sensor detects its presence and records it into the SD card. The MCU then sends signals to two FS90R micro servomotors that randomly open and close the covers of the APHE. This generates four combinations of the cover opens: left open with right closed, right open with left closed, both open, and both closed. The covers open randomly, and do not close until the pigeon leaves, achieving the efficacy of keeping feral pigeons away.


Retinal locus for fixation/identification are defined as the retinal locations used to fixate/identify temporally or spatially different objects. I determined the characteristics of the retinal locus for fixation/identification by using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (Rodenstock) to display objects on the retina with a 5 × 5 grid (16 × 15). To determine retinal locus for fixation, each object (0.25 circle, 1 circle, 1 crosshair with 6 ft. bars) was first presented in the center grid position and then randomly presented (without replacement) in an eccentric grid position (giving 24 central and 24 eccentric fixations for each object). To determine retinal locus for identification, a randomly rotated C (0.25) was randomly presented (without replacement) at eccentric grid locations and observers determined the orientation (up, down, right, or left). Data were obtained from three experienced psychophysical observers and three naive observers. The results show that the retinal locus for fixation is nearly constant for different shapes and sizes of fixation objects. However, the retinal locus for fixation is larger for eccentric grid locations compared to central grid locations. The retinal locus for identification is larger than either the central or eccentric retinal locus for fixation. The implications for eye tracker calibration and perimetry will be discussed.


Schools of Teacher Education and Faculties of Education have long been faced with questions relating to the organizational structure of the curriculum and academic staff. Most institutions have, over a period of time, derived structures based on conventional categories of education studies and principles designed for local circumstances. In many cases the resultant structures have lacked both logical consistency in terms of the discipline of education and organizational flexibility. In this article the authors propose an organizational structure embodying the concept of educology. Following a detailed discussion of educology, the structure is then used as a basis for analyzing three major areas of concern: naming and describing courses in an educology curriculum; grouping families of courses in an educology curriculum; and grouping and guiding academic staff.


We are upgrading the KOTO data-acquisition system to collect 𝐾 0 𝐿 → 𝜋 0 𝜈𝜈 data efficiently toward a higher 𝐾 0 𝐿 beam intensity. The upgrade includes the expansion of the data throughput and the third-level trigger decision at the PC farm. The University of Chicago designed electronic modules with numerous high-speed optical links to transfer data from analog-to-digital converters, perform the event-building, and deliver complete events to the PC farm for the level-3 trigger evaluation. By maintaining the loss due to the network congestion to be less than 1%, the maximum event rate was improved from 8k events/sec to 15k events/sec. This limit can be further extended by horizontally connecting more modules if needed.


The use of bottom ash of expired drugs incineration for removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Analytical techniques have been employed to find characteristics of adsorbent materials. The removal of Cu(II) was conducted in batch system, and the effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentrations of copper ions, and contact time on adsorption efficiency were studied. Optimum adsorption was achieved at a pH 5 and equilibrium was established within 15 min of the process. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using eight adsorption isotherm models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Redlich–Peterson, Dubinin–Radushkevich, Toth, Harkin–Jura and Halsey isotherms. The energy value obtained by application of Dubinin–Radushkevich model was 2.593 kJ/mol indicating that physisorption was the dominant mechanism of sorption. The values of the correlation coefficient (R2) of the isotherms gave the best fit (>0.99) with the Langmuir, Toth, and Redlich–Peterson isotherms. The adsorption capacity (qm) from the Langmuir isotherm for Cu(II) was found as 13.335 mg/g. The equation constant n of Toth isotherm model is found to be close to 1 (0.945), confirming that the adsorbent studied presents homogeneous surface under conditions used. It is concluded that bottom ash of expired drugs incineration can be used as an effective adsorbent for removing Cu(II) from aqueous solution.


Since 2007, government spending has increased rapidly across the OECD countries. Partly in response, economic research ‡ourished focussing on the impact of government consumption on economic activity. However, about three quarters of the increase in government spending in the United States (and more in other countries) has been in social transfer spending. We document this fact, and show that increased U.S. spending on retirement, disability, and medical care has been higher than all of the increase due to government consumption, investment, and unemployment insurance. We argue that future research should focus on the positive impact of transfers. Towards this, we present a model in which there is no representative agent and Ricardian equivalence does not hold because of uncertainty, imperfect credit markets, and nominal rigidities. Targeted lump-sum transfers are expansionary both because of a neoclassical wealth �


In this paper, we report on the growth and electrical characterization of (Al,Si)O dielectrics grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) using trimethylaluminum, oxygen, and silane as precursors. The growth rates, refractive indices, and composition of (Al,Si)O films grown on Si(001) were determined from ellipsometry and XPS measurements. Crystallinity and electrical properties of (Al,Si)O films grown in situ on c-plane GaN were characterized using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and capacitance–voltage with current–voltage measurements, respectively. Si concentration in the films was found to be tunable by varying the trimethylaluminum and/or oxygen precursor flows. The Si incorporation suppressed the formation of crystalline domains, leading to amorphous films that resulted in reduced interfacial trap density, low gate leakage and ultra-low hysteresis in (Al,Si)O/n-GaN MOS-capacitors.


The present invention relates to a thin film comprising a composition obtained by forming a siloxane material by polymerizing a monomer of formula (I): (I) Wherein R R R Thin film can be used as a dielectric material of low k from the integrated circuit device. The novel genetic material has excellent planarization characteristics to induce a superior localized and the overall flatness of the upper portion of the semiconductor substrate forms, which either eliminates or reduces the dielectric material and the need for chemical mechanical planarization after the liner oxide deposition.


Probably the most decisive event for cultural production in the Arab Middle East in the nineteenth century was the introduction of printing to the Arab world. 1 Though during the few years of Napoleon's presence (1798-180 1) Egypt housed one of the first printing presses in the Arab world, the actual history of printing houses in the Arab Middle East starts with the establishment of the Government Press by MuQammad All in 1821.2 By the middle of the nineteenth century the Government Press had issued not only a large number of official and scientific publications, but also narrative works such as the Arabian Nights (Alf lay/a wa-layla) (1251/1835)3 and the collection of fables Kalfla wa-Dimna (1249/1833).4 The great demand for fictional works published for the entertainment of the ruling elite and for export5 made it a natural development that other


The blending of immiscible polymers via conventional melt or solution processes often creates a final product that is not fully compatibilized, i.e., there exists macroscopic phase separation such that poor adhesion at the interface causes material property degradation. There are inherent problems with these traditional equilibrium methods: heat-induced thermal chain scission that gives rise to a broadened molecular weight distribution and phase separation, toxic organic solvents that are rather difficult to completely remove from the blend, potential undesirable side reactions due to the chemical nature of these processes, and inadequate mixing of rather large phase domains that leads to macroscale heterogeneity and unfavorable interfacial thermodynamics [1]. Chemical compatibilization is typically used to combat poor interfacial adhesion between immiscible polymers, but the kinetic and thermodynamic limitations of such chemical crosslinks cannot prevent phase separation or heat-induced property degradation [2].


Question: A 30-year-old Sudanese-born man who emigrated to the United States 10 years ago with a past medical history of hepatitis B as well as recently treated Helicobacter pylori gastritis presented for outpatient follow-up for management of hepatitis B. His previous symptoms of heartburn and dyspepsia had improved with treatment of H pylori. He now complained of rectal bleeding with anal pruritus. He had no recent travel, no sick contacts, and had not started any new medications. On physical examination, he was afebrile with stable vital signs. He seemed well nourished. He had no scleral icterus. His abdominal examination was benign. He had no rash or jaundice. Rectal examination revealed no abnormalities. Complete blood count with differential revealed a white blood count of 3.1 K/ L with 6.1% eosinophils. Chemistry was normal. Liver function tests were unremarkable other than a stable total bilirubin of 1.8 g/dL. A flexible sigmoidoscopy (Figure A) was performed which revealed erythematous mucosa in the sigmoid colon, which was biopsied for pathologic examination (Figure B and C). What is the diagnosis? How should this patient be treated? See the GASTROENTEROLOGY web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.


In May 2004, one of us (C J D) was involved in a significant motor vehicle accident, colliding with a truck at 70 kph. Injuries included left-sided rib fractures and flail segment, haemopneumothorax, L4-L5 vertebral body fractures, multiple abrasions and lacerations, and post-traumatic amnesia. As a result, I spent 2 weeks in intensive care units and another month as an inpatient in a tertiary and then a regional hospital.
This article has arisen from my reflections — as a patient, practising psychologist and university Dean — on the short- and long-term effects of these events. Although it is presented as a first-person account, it incorporates observations and perspectives from a medical practitioner (my son, J T D). We hope that this shared perspective will provide critical care practitioners with additional insights, particularly into the psychological impact of major trauma and hospital care.


Abstract When parents care about their children but are unable to rear them due to their own emotional or intellectual limitations, special ethical issues are evoked for those who plan help or make decisions about these children and their families. The seemingly impossible dilemmas are clear, as well as the need for better approaches to these children and their families. It is essential that professionals deal with these dilemmas rather than avoid them. Better models for services and careful evaluation research are important to that will help us determine the most effective way to intervene. One model that might be better would be a kibbutz‐like alternate living situation for these families. Such a model would protect the meaning of the ties between children and their parents and also provide responsible care of the children.


1Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; 2Department of Medicine, Divisions of Rheumatology and Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; 3Department of Medicine, Johns-Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA. Ingrid Avalos, MD Young Hee Rho, MD, PhD Cecilia P. Chung, MD, MPH C. Michael Stein, MB, ChB This study was supported by NIH grants HL65082, HL67964, the Dan May Chair in Medicine, and ACR/REF Lupus Investigator Fellowship Award. Please address correspondence to: Ingrid Avalos, MD, 110 Francis St., Boston, MA 02215, USA. E-mail: email@example.com Received and accepted on August 20, 2008. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2008; 26 (Suppl. 51): S5-S13. © Copyright CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY 2008.


The universal phenomenon of introducing weaning diet to the growing child sets its onset by the age of 4-6 months. This preliminary diet of the child governs his or her dental health in the long run. The main objective of this study is to investigate the histopathological and clinical invasion of deciduous teeth exposed to both the homemade weaning diet and commercial formula feeds. The study also aims at motivating the consumption of the most appropriate diet for the weaning baby. Extracted deciduous teeth were incubated with the test solutions of homemade diet and commercial formula feeds for the period of 6 weeks. Fewer carious invasion both clinically and histopathologically were seen in homemade feeds. Thus, homemade diet can be a strong candidate for the status of 'THE IDEAL WEANING FOOD'.


ABSTRACT In this paper, I examine the notion of the 'psychological dynamics' that Professor Shun uses for explicating Confucian moral anger, based on David Hume's (1711–76) psychological account of mind, to reconsider the role that object-based distinctions of emotions play in the Confucian moral tradition. First, by appealing to Hume's investigation of the mental processes involved in feeling moral sentiments, I suggest that imagination, as a component in the 'psychological dynamics', explains how 'dust' settles on the mind to yield inappropriate emotional responses. Second, by re-examining Confucius's approval of Yan Hui's moral anger, that he 'never misdirects his anger', I argue that though Confucians would not characterize the difference in emotional responses by distinguishing the first- and third-person perspectives, their goal of moral self-cultivation would encourage them to recognize the practical significance of distinguishing objects in situations, along with perceiving situations as a whole. While our minds as mental mirrors can reflect the whole situation, they are unique mirrors that resonate more vigorously with specific objects such as others' minds.


'Active ageing' has become core to ageing policy internationally. This paper argues that housing, and specifically home purchase, is fundamental to the governance of active ageing in liberal welfare states such as Australia, the UK, the US and Canada. Specifically, the paper expands understanding of how neoliberally inflected active ageing agendas are advanced in conjunction with housing consumption, and builds new knowledge of the governance of asset-based welfare, the investor subject, and housing marginality, showing how these practices and identities are governed temporally through ideas about what it means to age well. Arguments are advanced through analysis of Australian government ageing and age-connected housing strategies in the 20 years to 2015. These strategies construct three key connections between housing and ageing. First, housing is framed as a base (or location) for active ageing, with secure, appropriate and affordable housing depicted as enabling participation. Second, home ownership is positioned as an individual responsibility. In this framing home ownership becomes a 'choice' and means through which individuals can demonstrate responsibility by self-insuring against the fiscal risks of older age. Third, home ownership is connected to the activation of ideal ageing identities by enabling home owners as productive agers (the home as a form of income) and active consumers (home as a resource to fund prudential and age-defying consumption in older age). Significantly, in framing home ownership as an individual responsibility and choice the importance of structural factors shaping housing access are downplayed. This is a question of key geographical significance, foregrounding an interlinked agenda of not just how, but where, ageing should take place.


Flexible DC distribution networks have been widely developed because of their advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and easy access to renewable energy. However, as distribution networks have more ends than the two-terminal transmission line, it is more challenging to protect them and locate their faults. Therefore, this paper proposes a modified T-source circuit breaker to protect against DC faults. Based on the proposed circuit breaker, an integral fault location method using double-terminal asynchronous data is proposed. The accuracy of the algorithm is not affected by the fault resistance. There are no differential terms in the algorithm, which greatly reduces the sensitivity to noise. The integral algorithm can remain steady when the voltage and current are zero in oscillation and attenuation periods. This constitutes the main contribution of this paper. Finally, it is verified by simulation and experiment that the proposed circuit breaker can isolate the power source within a short time in the typical DC distribution network. Under a noise of 30 dB for simulation, the location error of the proposed algorithm is <0.4% when the fault resistance is 0.5 Ω–500 Ω.


Optical spectroscopy is a powerful technique that allows for label-free, noninvasive, and real time characterization of biomolecules. Compared with other optical techniques that relies on the shift of a single resonance, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors and optical-grating-based cell assays, spectroscopic techniques can discriminate between different chemical species and are suited for analyzing often complex biological samples. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) based on top-down fabricated substrates such as nanoantennas, nanoslits, and metasurfaces has been demonstrated as a versatile technique that can enhance the IR signal and characterize small amounts of adsorbed protein and lipid films. Here, we demonstrate the use metasurface-enhanced infrared reflection spectroscopy (MEIRS) to observe live cells cultured on top of the plasmonic metasurface. MEIRS has a penetration depth on the order of tens of nanometers, longer than surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and yet shorter than attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. This makes MEIRS uniquely suited for probing the surface of a cell, to observe features such as protein expression in the cell membrane and cellular adhesion. This has important implications in the detection of cancer cells through spectroscopic cytology, as cancer cells differ from regular cells significantly in the expression of membrane proteins and adhesion molecules. In this work, we demonstrate the observation of cancer cell adhesion through IR spectroscopic mapping. Furthermore, we show the effect of different anticancer cocktails (doxorubicin, salinomycin, and their combination) on cancer cells, as observed by MEIRS.


Ocean waves are dispersive and directionally spread, changing size and shape as they propagate. Therefore the maximum crest height over an area in a given length of time will be larger than the maximum crest at a single point. Extreme crest heights are usually calculated from single point statistics, but the designer of a platform is really interested in the probability of a wave crest reaching any part of the deck area. Statistics for the maximum crest over an area have been developed using a combination of analytic theory and numerical simulations. The resulting crest heights are significantly higher than given by point statistics even for relatively small areas. On the other hand, only a small fraction of the deck may be inundated. That fraction can be estimated by a applying a two dimensional version of the NewWave method that finds the most probable shape of an extreme wave.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The main technological possibilities of using Functional spectral-dynamic diagnostics (FSD diagnostics) for diagnostic support of tasks of the military medical service are considered. The main technological characteristics of FSD diagnostics are given.


We here report the case of a 78 year old woman with no previous history, whose medical history only included facial angioma since birth. The patient had never consulted a doctor before. Twelve months before, hypertrophy of the left jugo-naso-labial soft tissues causing lip incontinence with feeding and pronunciation difficulty as well as asymmetry with lack of facial expression occurred. Clinical examination showed red-violet jugo-naso-labial swelling, not exceeding the frontal, nasal and upper labial median line, extending to the tragus, with nodosities at the level of the upper half of the left side wall of the nose and the upper part of the cheek deviating the nose to the right side. It also showed voluminous hypertrophy of the entire lower lip that descended downwards, masking the chin and the upper part of the neck and causing incomplete closure of the mouth (A). The patient underwent reduction surgery under general anesthesia for aesthetic and, above all, functional purposes. Then she underwent two surgical tweaks under local anesthesia (B). The patient was very satisfied with functional and aesthetic results. The patient had a 3-year follow-up with no recurrences.


Abstract This article aims to revalorize how an understudied Spanish experimental cinema movement known as the Barcelona School or EdB (1960–1970) resisted Franco's dictatorship through avant-garde filmmaking. The article applies media theory's concept of "intermediality" to analyze how the school's films mobilized political critique by engaging in "impure" media practices (such as the deployment of collage, montage and metalepsis), especially in regards to relations between text and image. It traces those same intermedial practices to the historic avant-gardes, as well as to the influence of contemporary movements such as Fluxus, the New York School or the Nouvelle Vague. After situating the EdB in the context of Spain's 1960s film scene, it explores how text–image interactions activate anti-Francoist discourse in three strikingly different films: Vicente Aranda's Fata Morgana (1965), José María Nunes' Sexperiencias (1968), and Pere Portabella's Nocturno 29 (1968). Concurrently, the essay presents the strong connection between the EdB's intermedial practices and political or counter-cultural resistance in Spain during the turmoil of the 1960s.


Sir: I passed the MRCPsych Part I examination held in Autumn 1994 and would like to mention certain doubts which were commonly expressed by the candidates. First, we are at a loss to understand why it takes the College as long as four weeks to publish the results, particularly since fellow associations like the Royal College of Surgeons, and the Royal College of Physicians are far quicker with their results, with a far larger pool of candidates. The MCQ Paper probably gets corrected by the computer in a matter of days. The clinical part, according to general opinion, gets decided on that day itself, or at the very latest, by the next day. One can understand the delay in publishing the results of the Part II examination, since that involves essay type questions and short answer questions. However, regarding the Part I, one fails to comprehend the reason for the delay. Secondly, Iwent to a revision course before the examination, where we were told that for the clinical examination, according to College guidelines, separate marks were allotted respectively for history, mental state examination, physical examination, interviewing in front of the examiners, differential diagnosis, aetiology, and investigations. However, in the examination proper, I found that I was not asked a single question about either aetiology or investigations. This obviously led to a lot of soul-searching on my part as to where I had gone wrong. Many candidates had a similar experience and had to wait a month in suspense before their doubts were resolved. The Membership examination is a stressful experience and the mental state of candidates could be improved, both during and after the examination if the College published the results earlier, and also ensured that its guidelines are enforced more strictly.


We review recent advances of using liquid crystal on Silicon based WSS technology for advanced functionality in communication systems such as an all-optical DFT filters for multiplexing and demultiplexing optical OFDM signals.


The method of optimization theory based on dual method was applied to optimize fuselage structure,and the optimizing model of fuselage structure was established.The target function is the fuselage weight.There are three kinds of constraints: dimension,strength and bending rigidity.The numerical results show that the structural strength after fuselage structure was optimized is fit,and the bending rigidity of the main frame is the same as the real wing juncture.So this program can be used to design the fuselage structure in predesign.


The invention discloses a six-degree-of-freedom platform realized by virtue of link mechanisms. The six-degree-of-freedom platform is connected with a reducer by adopting six link mechanisms, the reducer is connected with a stepping motor, a signal is processed by a singlechip and transmitted to a controller, and the controller controls the stepping motor and the reducer to manipulate a first connecting rod and drive a second connecting rod to go up and down, so as to realize the side-to-side movement, front-to-back movement, left-right pitching and tossing and front-back pitching and tossing of a movable platform and realize pitching or tossing of a simulated driving seat in various directions, thus movement of the movable platform has higher degree of freedom and the reality of situation simulation is improved. The link mechanisms are connected between the reducer and the movable platform in certain angle in an inclined manner, thus the link mechanisms can stably support the movable platform.


This paper argues that the Romanian modal putea 'can' went through a repeated re-analysis, reaching various stages of grammaticalization. The configurations underlying each stage differ from each other insofar as the modal merges at different levels in the clause hierarchy. This analysis accounts for: (i) the ambiguous deontic or epistemic reading of modal constructions out of the context; and (ii) the productive infinitive complementation for putea, in contrast to other verbs.


The prefrontal cortex receives perceptual information from the temporal and parietal cortices, and is in a position to perform 'off-line' processing, including holding items in a short-term memory when the items are no longer present in the input processing streams. This off-line capacity develops into a capability of manipulating and rearranging items in short-term memory, and this is called working memory, which is also implemented in the prefrontal cortex. This ability in humans develops into systems that can plan ahead, and then can control behaviour according to such plans, which is referred to as 'executive function'. Attractor networks are fundamental to understanding the functions of the prefrontal cortex in short-term and working memory; and in providing the source of the top-down bias in top-down models of attention


OBJECTIVES
This cross-sectional study examined the perceived quality of life (QOL) of Oral Health Therapy (OHT) students and compared the domain differences between Dental students, gender, and year-of-study.

METHODS
OHT students from a local polytechnic were invited to participate (IRB no. (SHS-2019-001). Perceived QOL was assessed with the multidimensional World Health Organization QOL (WHOQOL)-BREF instrument. Demographic information and WHOQOL-BREF responses were collected electronically. Raw scores were converted to transformed scores and related to data of Dental students from other countries. Statistical analyses were performed with T-test, one-way ANOVA/post-hoc Tukey's test, and Pearson's correlation (p<0.05).

RESULTS
Of the total cohort of 66 students, 65 consented to participation (98.5% response rate). The study sample (mean age 19.2±2.9 years) comprised of 83.1% females (54/65). Mean domain scores were as follows: Physical health - 54.90±9.78; psychological - 50.98±17.36; social relationships - 60.69±16.47; and environment - 66.80±13.66. The psychological domain was rated the lowest as with most other studies on Dental students. Mean scores for the overall perception of QOL and "satisfaction with health" (SWH) were 3.46±0.83 and 3.35±0.89 respectively. No significant difference in domain and overall QOL/SWH scores were observed between genders. Psychological and environmental domains scores were significantly different between the first and third-year students (p≤0.02). Correlations coefficients between the QOL domains ranged from rs =0.18-0.66.

CONCLUSION
Aside from the USA and Saudi Arabia, the perceived QOL of Asian OHT students was generally comparable to those of Dental students from other countries. Overall perceived QOL and satisfaction with health were moderately favorable.


Historical text normalization suffers from small datasets that exhibit high variance, and previous work has shown that multi-task learning can be used to leverage data from related problems in order to obtain more robust models. Previous work has been limited to datasets from a specific language and a specific historical period, and it is not clear whether results generalize. It therefore remains an open problem, when historical text normalization benefits from multi-task learning. We explore the benefits of multi-task learning across 10 different datasets, representing different languages and periods. Our main finding—contrary to what has been observed for other NLP tasks—is that multi-task learning mainly works when target task data is very scarce.


This study evaluated the intensity of delusional beliefs during the modification of delusional verbalizations with three chronically mentally ill inpatients. The multiple-baseline across responses design was used to evaluate the efficacy of a behavioral treatment package to modify delusional verbalizations. Results revealed that changes were obtained in delusional verbalizations to personal questions without corresponding changes in the subjects' delusional beliefs. Changes in delusional verbalizations were well-maintained for two subjects during a 6-month follow-up period. Mixed results were obtained for generalization probe interviews.


This editorial refers to 'Prevalence and clinical impact of QRS duration in patients with low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction,' by F.A. Sebag et al., published in this issue on pages 639–647, and 'Usefulness and limitations of contractile reserve evaluation in patients with low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy,' by F. Garnier et al., published in this issue on pages 648–654.


This paper presents the development of a wireless atmospheric probe, designed to assist long-term environmental studies with limited financial resources. The work is based on the concept of Wireless Sensor Networks in which multiple sensors are arranged spatially in a particular region. Facilitating the monitoring of large areas without the need for large physical structures of communication and power, as cables and towers. The prototype, built with cheap material, captures temperature data, pressure and humidity, transmitting this information in real time to a remote receiver via radio frequency to a distance of 1 km. The prototype is also equipped with a photovoltaic system capable of guaranteeing energy independence, an essential factor for long-term studies. To evaluate the efficiency of the prototype, correlation tests were performed with a Metpak station II (Gill Instruments), to simulate the continuous operation of the sensors in situ. The tests show significant correlations between atmospheric pressure variables (98%), relative humidity (87%) and air temperature (97%). The tests ensure a good degree of reliability to the prototype; can serve as an alternative to environmental monitoring projects and Wireless Sensor Networks.


Objective To investigate the expressions of bcl-2 and bax in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the effect of β-rays on bcl-2 and bax.Methods The expressions of bcl-2 and bax were studied by means of immunohistochemical method in 9 normal prostate (NP) and 15 BPH and 35 patients treated with 90Sr/90Y prostatic hyperplasia applicator. Results The expressions of bcl-2 in epithelia of NP and BPH were higher than that in stroma (P0.01). The expressions of bcl-2 in epithelia and stroma of BPH were higher than that in NP (P0.01). The expressions of bax in epithelia of NP were higher than that in BPH (P0.05). However the expressions of bcl-2 in epithelia and stroma of BPH were higher than bax (P0.01). Compared with the control group, the expressions of bcl-2 in epithelia and stroma of BPH treated with 90Sr/90Y prostatic hyperplasia applicator decreased and the expressions of bax increased (P0.01).Conclusions bcl-2 gene and bax gene may play an important role in the regulation of prostatic apoptosis and the treatment of β-rays can accelerate the apoptosis of prostatic tissues.


We examined genetic differentiation in the highly polymorphic and taxonomically confusing tent tortoise (Psammobates tentorius) species complex in southern Africa, using three types of molecular markers (nDNA, mtDNA and microsatellite DNA) and morphological data. The Approximate Bayesian Computation based simulation analyses advocated an alternative phylogenetic hypothesis for the tent tortoise species complex, which was better and more inclusive in explaining its genealogical history. Based on the evidence derived from the sequence, microsatellite and morphology data, a four species scheme (among the seven mtDNA clades) appears to be the best taxonomic solution for the systematic puzzle of the P. tentorius species complex, namely, "C1+C4+C5+C7", "C3", "C2" and "C6". The microsatellite datasets yielded similar genetic structure and gene flow patterns among the seven mtDNA clades in comparison to the sequence DNA. Evidence was found of possible hybridization between C1 and C2 in their intergradation zone, but not between C2 and C4. Results of the inbreeding analyses provided strong evidence of inbreeding in the eastern population of C1 and southern population of C2, which may be indicative of a bottleneck effect.


An attempt has been made to characterise fracture and high cycle fatigue behaviour and to study the effect of microstructure on fatigue crack growth (FCG) and fracture toughness of AISI 403 material at room temperature. Fracture toughness evaluation of as received end fitting material in J-integral format showed large scatter which was thickness dependent. A considerable improvement in toughness, compared to as received material, resulted by imparting a double quench and tempering treatment (DQT). The toughness of DQT material was thickness independent and showed no scatter. The scatter in room temperature toughness value of as received material results from the fact that ductile to brittle transition temperature is in the vicinity of room temperature. The toughness improvement by DQT treatment appears to result from refinement of microstructure as well as from a change in carbide morphology compared to that of as received material. While thickness and microstructure had no influence on stage II fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviour, the stage I FCG has been found sensitive to microstructure change.


The invention discloses a method, a system and a device for realizing safety certificate based on Portal in VPN. In the invention, a Portal server, a certificate server and a safety strategy server are arranged corresponding to the VPN for a user terminal. Upon reception of an unidentified access request transmitted by a user terminal, an access device is matched with the Portal server, the certificate server and the safety strategy server corresponding to the VPN of the user terminal so as to realize Portal-based safety certificate to the user terminal under the circumference of MPLS/VPN.


Purpose – This paper aims to present a definition of social marketing that considers the purpose and role of social marketing beyond behaviour change. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews present social marketing definitions and then bolsters its underlying theoretical structure with insights distilled from three schools of thought: macromarketing, transformative consumer research and the capability approach. Findings – Guided by the three theoretical streams, we introduce our definition, namely: social marketing is the application of marketing principles to enable individual and collective ideas and actions in the pursuit of effective, efficient, equitable, fair and sustained social transformation. Practical implications – We present a list of practical implications derived from our definition of social marketing. We stress that our social marketing definition better reflects the need to balance the effects (efficiency and effectiveness) and the process (equity, fairness and sustainability) of...


The invention relates to a method and apparatus for determining the concentration of constituents of blood, particularly hemoglobin, in a hose line of an extracorporeal blood circuit (I) of an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus. Moreover, the invention relates to an extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus with a device for determining the concentration of a blood constituent. The inventive method and the inventive device is based on the correction of the influence of the blood flow rate of the flowing blood through the tubing to the determination of the concentration of the blood component. The inventive device (11) has a computing and evaluation unit (13) which is formed such that a correction factor for the influence of the blood flow rate is determined in the determination of the concentration of the blood component. The concentration of the blood constituent is then determined on the basis of the dependence of the concentration of the blood constituent on the intensity of the coupled-out electromagnetic radiation descriptive relationship, taking into account the correction factor.


In this research I discuss the narration technique in three of William Faulkner works Absalom, Absalom!, Light in August, and As I Lay Dying. Faulkner uses multiple narrators in those three works. The aim of my thesis writing is to discuss how the narration technique with multiple narrators is used in those three novels. Faulkner applies multiple narrators in a form of narration that completes each other in certain modes of narration hence the readers could understand the story of each novel in many different point of views. There are several modes of narration that Faulkner applies such as supporting narration mode, negating narration mode, questioning narration mode, and dominance narration mode.


SUMMARY Antibody responsesofpatients with acute(n = 73), fulminant (n= 30)andchronic (n= 51)hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection aswell asrecovered individuals (n= 7)were studied against three synthetic peptides, Pre-SI aminoacids (aa.12-32), Pre-S2 aminoacids (aa.120-145), andS aminoacids (aa.124-147) oftheenvelope region (HBsAg). T cell blastogenic response was investigated ina proportion ofthepatients (27acute,ninefulminant, 13chronic hepatitis andseven recovered individuals) along with sevenHBV vaccinated andthree normal individuals. ThepresenceofT cell responseagainst Speptide was observed inall the cases(9/9, 100%)during early acutehepatitis. This wassuppressed during late stages (8/18, 44%)followed bypartial reversal during recovery(5/7, 71%). Tcell responseandantibodies toPre-Sl andPre-S2 peptides were present onlyinone-third ofthe patients throughout these periods. TheT cell blastogenic responseaswell asantibody reactivity against these peptides were absent andminimal inchronic hepatitis. Immuneresponseagainst envelope protein appearstoplay amajorrole inacutehepatic injury duetoHBVinfection andhelp in virus clearance.


Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a typical gram-negative iatrogenic bacterium that often causes bacteremia, pneumonia and urinary tract infection particularly among those with low immunity. Although antibiotics is the cornerstone of anti-infections, the clinical efficacy of β-lactamase and carbapenems drugs has been weakened due to the emergence of drug-resistant K. pneumoniae. Recent studies have demonstrated that host defense plays a critical role in killing K. pneumoniae. Here, we summarize our current understanding of host immunity mechanisms against K. pneumoniae, including mechanical barrier, innate immune cells, cellular immunity and humoral immunity, providing a theoretical basis and the new strategy for the clinical treatment of K. pneumoniae through improving host immunity.


This report describes the rationale, purpose, structure, and content of the emergency medical services (EMS) injury prevention program "Accidents Aren't." The program is introduced with a review of injuries' toll professionally, epidemiologically, and economically in terms of the demand on medical care resources and the expense of care. With recognition that most EMS resources are expended on clinical care of non-critical but potentially catastrophic injuries, "Accidents Aren't" was designed to offer a more cost-effective means of care for this population and more efficient utilization of finite resources. The report describes the program's formulation process, its modular design, the instructor guidelines, the core training tool, the STARR mnemonic, and five clinical cases involving a wide array of injury mechanisms to which the mnemonic is applicable. Physician involvement in teaching and implementing the program is discussed. The relationship of the program to the future of EMS concludes the rort.


It is common practice to test components after they are designed. The uncertainty reduction that can occur after a test is usually not incorporated in reliability calculations at the design stage. The reduction in uncertainty is accomplished by the additional knowledge provided by the test and by re-design when the test reveals that the component is unsafe or overly conservative. In this paper, we develop a methodology to estimate the effect of a single future thermal test and model the effect of the resulting uncertainty reduction on the design of an integrated thermal protection system. An integrated thermal protection system protects space vehicles from the severe aerodynamic heating experienced during atmospheric reentry while also functioning as part of the load bearing structure. Using given distributions of computational and experimental errors and given re-design rules, we obtain possible outcomes of the future test through Monte Carlo sampling to determine what changes in probability of failure, design, and weight will occur. In addition, Bayesian updating is used to gain accurate estimates of the probability of failure after a test. We observe that performing a single test can reduce the probability of failure by orders of magnitude, on average, when the objective of re-design is to restore the original safety margins. We show that instead, re-design for a given reduced probability of failure allows additional weight reduction.


The invention relates to a processing system having a polar structure for planar substrates having a central base module (8) having a vacuum transfer chamber for the substrates (34), wherein the vacuum transfer chamber (4) is borne freely swiveling, eccentric to the base module (8), via a rotary support (14) lying in the central region of the base module (8), centered to the base module (8), and is positioned connected in a sealed manner in connection layers to the process stations (6) which are spaced radially apart from the rotary support (14) and grouped around the base module (8).


Insect immature stages found on decomposing cadavers are source of information that assist forensic investigators elucidate the time of questionable death. Hence, insect larvae recovered from decomposing pig carrions as models to human cadavers in Okija ( 05 ° 53.240"′N and 006 ° 46.510″E) Anambra State, Nigeria were reared to adults in the laboratory by adopting a simple method to assist amateurs. Samples of the larvae were collected with camel hair (student's art) brush, 5ml spoon and blunt forceps. They were collected in batches and placed in rearing containers (9.0 cm depth and 6.5 cm width) and labeled accordingly. Each sampled batch was replicated thrice and reared under ambient temperature (28.6 ± 0.15 oC) and relative humidity (68.5 ± 1.34 %). The reared insect larvae later emerged and they were taxonomically identified. The species were ascertained by a taxonomist at Insect Museum, Institute of Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The species include: Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya chloropyga, Chrysomya regalis, Isomyia dubiosa, Isomyia sp. (Calliphoridae), Sarcophaga inzi (Sarcophagidae), Chrysomyza africana (Ulidiidae), Musca domestica (Muscidae), Hermetia illucens (Stratiomyiidae), Dermestes frischii (Dermestidae) and Necrobia rufipes (Cleridae). The Calliphoridae first developed into adults at day 8, Sarcophagidae day 16, Ulidiidae, day 22, Muscidae, day 31, Stratiomyiidae, day 33, Dermestidae, day 38 and Cleridae, day 53. The probable reasons for the insect larvae to associate with the carrions were highlighted and their forensic importance discussed.


The questions in primary health care are many and various. Why do fewGPs agree to train in opioid substitution therapy, and even if they do, prescribe to few or no patients? What changes are needed to improve outcomes in the care of unsettled babies and their families in the first few months of life? Why has there been low engagement in a parenting program by families from culturally diverse populations? Does screening for abdominal aortic aneurisms affect men's quality of life? Do rural primary care nurses feel equipped for palliative care? After a trial, how can cardiovascular absolute risk management be sustained in Australian general practice? The research in this issue of Australian Journal of Primary Health exemplifies that much primary health care research and evaluation starts with a practical question that needs tobe answered to improvehealth care delivery or policy. To address such practice questions, many papers in this issue usewell designedqualitative research to examine theperspectives of patients or of service providers from different disciplines. Through understanding their situation and attitudes, strategies can then be developed that are appropriate to the context of patients and providers, and therefore more likely to be effective. Addressing policy questions at a system level takes different methods. Gibson et al. address whether Enhanced Primary Care affects the regularity and/or frequency of GP contact with older patients using linked administrative health records of hospital and primary care services.Russell et al. identify factors that contribute to the retention of GPs in rural and remote areas by analysing two Australian GP workforce datasets. Through publication in this journal, all of these papers now contribute to the evidence base of primary health care. However, retrieving relevant literature can be difficult for practitioners, researchers and policy advisors. Tieman's paper describes how a PubMed filter and a GP hub can provide immediate access when needed to palliative care information and evidence through the CareSearch website http://www.caresearch.com.au. For those wanting to retrieve a broader range of relevant literature, a primary health care PubMedfilter is now available at http://www. phcris.org.au/phcsearchfilter/. Now that authors of these papers have articulated the answers they found to their practical questions, and these answers are being made public, what happens next? Will individuals, organisations or institutions be able to follow up on recommendations and incorporate them in their own sphere of action? Beyond contributing to the evidence base, the ultimate value of primary health care research lies in the difference it can make to practice and policy.


We modified the rational Jacobi elliptic functions method to construct some new exact solutions for nonlinear differential difference equations in mathematical physics via the lattice equation, the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a saturable nonlinearity, the discrete nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, and the quintic discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation. Some new types of the Jacobi elliptic solutions are obtained for some nonlinear differential difference equations in mathematical physics. The proposed method is more effective and powerful to obtain the exact solutions for nonlinear differential difference equations.


Immunoglobulins (Igs) play important immunomodulatory effects on allergic asthma. Among these, IgG has been reported to regulate allergic inflammation in previous studies about immunotherapy and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. In this study, to examine the immunomodulatory mechanisms of IgG and FcRs we evaluated the effects of intravenous (i.v.) rabbit IgG administration (IVIgG) on allergic airway inflammation and lung antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. In OVA‐challenged mice, IVIgG attenuated airway eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness and goblet cell hyperplasia and also inhibited the local T helper type (Th) 2 cytokine levels. Additionally, IVIgG attenuated the proliferation of OVA‐specific CD4+ T cells transplanted into OVA‐challenged mice. Ex vivo co‐culture with OVA‐specific CD4+ cells and lung CD11c+ APCs from mice with IVIgG revealed the attenuated transcription level of Th2 cytokines, suggesting an inhibitory effect of IVIgG on CD11c+ APCs to induce Th2 response. Next, to analyse the effects on Fcγ receptor IIb and dendritic cells (DCs), asthmatic features in Fcγ receptor IIb‐deficient mice were analysed. IVIgG failed to attenuate airway eosinophilia, airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia. However, the lacking effects of IVIgG on airway eosinophilia in Fcγ receptor IIb deficiency were restored by i.v. transplantation of wild‐type bone marrow‐derived CD11c+ DCs. These results demonstrate that IVIgG attenuates asthmatic features and the function of lung CD11c+ DCs via Fcγ receptor IIb in allergic airway inflammation. Targeting Fc portions of IgG and Fcγ receptor IIb on CD11c+ DCs in allergic asthma is a promising therapeutic strategy.


This study aimed to estimate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure in the United Kingdom population by measuring levels of serum AFB1-albumin (alb), using immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. A self-questionnaire on dietary habits from 104 volunteers (47 men and 57 women) in York was completed, and blood samples were collected. Serum alb was extracted, and AFB1-lysine (lys), the digest product of AFB1-alb, was isolated and measured. A sensitive ELISA (detection limit, - 1.4 pg of AFB1.lys) was developed. A good correlation was found between calibration of ELISA results and scintillation counting, for rats dosed with [3H]AFBJ (r 0.972; P < 0.001). This ELISA was subsequently used to analyze human serum alb. For United Kingdom human sera, the mean adduct levels were 29.3 ± 14.8 pg AFB1-lys equivalents (eq) mg albumin (males) and 26.9 ± 14.4 pg AFB1-lys eq/mg nib (females). Confirmation of the ELISA data was sought using reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. HPLC chromatograms of digested York serum alb were compared to digested serum alb for humans from Qidong County, People's Republic of China, and from AFB1dosed rats. These all gave similar HPLC profiles. Each sample contained fluorescent material that coeluted with and just before the AFB1.lys standard. Fluorescent fractions were found to be inhibitory in a separate antiAFB1-lys ELISA, indicating that these earlier fluorescent peaks contained AFB1 residues. Our results suggest that measurable internal AFB1 exposure may be occurring in some United Kingdom individuals, albeit at lower levels than those seen for areas with high AFB1 exposure. The source of this exposure may reflect the known difficulties in accurately


An efficient Biolistic® transformation technology was developed to stably transform Picea abies (L.) Karst. Several embryogenic tissue lines were tested for proliferation on standard embryogenesis media. Transient transformation studies with these lines were performed to optimize the parameters for genetic transformation. Selection conditions for transgenic tissue based on the nptII resistance gene in combination with the antibiotic geneticin were defined such that only transgenic P. abies lines were able to develop. Nontransgenic tissue was completely inhibited under these conditions. Stable integration of a uidA reporter gene and a nptII resistance gene into the genome of P. abies was achieved and more than 200 mature embryos were regenerated for every transformation event. Histochemical and fluorometric analysis indicated strong expression of the uidA gene in transgenic material. ELISA studies to detect and quantify the nptII gene product as well as polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting confi...


Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has been designated as a worldwide pandemic. Symptoms of Covid-19 are not only respiratory symptoms but also extrapulmonary symptoms, including the discovery of impaired liver function in the form of increased transaminase enzymes. Therefore, this study was conducted to see the correlation of transaminase enzymes with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. The study was conducted on June to August 2021. The cross-sectional analytical research method  used retrospective medical record data for the period from July to December 2020 with a sample of 137 patients with COVID-19 confirmed. From the results of the Pearson test, patients with increased SGOT were associated with a mortality prognosis (p=0.000, p<0.05) with a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.383 and an increase in SGPT were associated with a mortality prognosis (p=0.013, p<0.05) with a correlation coefficient (r) of -0.211. From the results of the Kruskal Wallis test, there were differences in prognosis in patients with increased SGOT and SGPT grades 1,2,3, and 4 (p = 0.000 and p = 0.028). There is a correlation between the increased transaminase enzymes with the prognosis of the patient's mortality. Patients with severe elevated SGOT and SGPT enzymes had a greater prognosis of mortality than those with mild enzyme elevations. Extrapulmonary symptoms of stroke were associated with increased SGOT and myocardial infarction symptoms, and nephropathy was associated with increased SGOT and SGPT. Comorbid coronary artery disease and hepatitis were associated with increased SGOT and SGPT.


Objective
To explore the home nursing care experience of caregivers of patients withdelayed encephalophathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Methods
Using qualitative analysis method proposed by Miles and Hurberman, authors analyzednursing experience of the caregivers, by semi-structured interview with 14 caregivers to understand the trajectory of their nursing care at home.

Results
Semi-structured interviews found that patients with delayed encephalophathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning have experienced four main themes, including role conflicts, care load, lack of support and social isolation.

Discussions
Clinical professionals know home nursing care experience of caregivers, and their physical and mental reactions, and care requirements, etc., so that establishing one personalized care program at the time of its admission, reasonable arranging for their daily life after discharge, and straining their psychological adjustment skills.

Key words:
Acute carbon monoxide poisoning; Delayed encephalophathy; Caregiver; Experience; Qualitative study