This paper uses the wavelet, Contourlet transform and the two dimensional Principle Component Analysis (2DPCA) for image denoising. The simulation results is carried out to demonstrate the performance of proposed techniques and the result shows that 2DPCA is superior over contourlet and wavelet transform in maintaining high peak signal –to-noise –ratio. The denoising algorithm is validated by numerical experiments on different standard images and roughness images. Numerical result shows that the proposed method can obtain higher PSNR and less visual artifacts compared with other methods. Also, Contourlet can provide a much more detailed representation for natural images with abundant textural information than Wavelets. The improved two dimensional PCA (2DPCA) extended the traditional principal component analysis theory to the two dimensional situation, and proved to be especially efficient in the analysis of images.


The syntrophic cooperation between hydrogen‐producing acetogens and hydrogenotrophic methanogens relies on a critical balance between both partners. A recent study, provided several indications for the dependence of the biomass‐specific growth rate of a methanogenic coculture on the acetogen. Nevertheless, final experimental proof was lacking since biomass‐specific rates were obtained from a descriptive model, and not from direct measurement of individual biomass concentrations. In this study, a recently developed quantitative PCR approach was used to measure the individual biomass concentrations in the coculture of Desulfovibrio sp. G11 and Methanospirillum hungatei JF1 on lactate, formate or both. The model‐derived growth yields and biomass‐specific rates were successfully validated. Experimental findings identified the acetogen as the growth‐limiting partner in the coculture on lactate. While the acetogen was operating at its maximum biomass‐specific lactate consumption rate, the hydrogenotrophic methanogen showed a significant overcapacity. Furthermore, this study provides experimental evidence for different growth strategies followed by the syntrophic partners in order to maintain a common biomass‐specific growth rate. During syntrophic lactate conversion, the biomass‐specific electron transfer rate of Methanospirillum hungatei JF1 was three‐fold higher compared to Desulfovibrio sp. G11. This is to compensate for the lower methanogenic biomass yield per electron‐mole of substrate, which is dictated by the thermodynamics of the underlying reaction. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 560–567. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Objective To investigate the effect of antiepileptic on serum sex hormone levels in children with epilepsy.Methods Detect and observe the variance of serum sex hormone levels of the 125 children with epilepsy by application of chemiluminescence immunoassay.Result①The levels of TSTO in VPA group,TPM group,LEV group and combined treatment group increased compared with the control group,and had statistically significance (P0.05).The levels of E 2 in VPA group decreased compared with the control group,but hadn't statistically significance,while TPM group increased and had statistically significance(P0.05).The others including PRGE,PRL,FSH and LH hadn't marked change.②The levels of TSTO of every treatment group after administration of antiepileptic 6 months and 12 months,increased and had statistically significance(P0.05).The levels of 12 months were higher than that of 6 months,but had not statistically significance.The change of E 2 in TPM group of different course of treatment hadn't statistically significance(P0.05).③Changes of sex hormone in this study hadn't statistically significance in sex and age.Conclusion Administration of antiepileptic has an effect on children's serum sex hormone.We should monitor the variance of that,when we treat the children with epilepsy giving antiepileptic.


The variation with altitude of the ir solar spectrum, in the 4.5-μ region, was observed from a balloon-borne grating spectrometer. Quantitative analysis of the N2O absorption lines in this region has shown that the N2O concentration between 4.5 and 13.5 km is 0.14±04 ppm.


Field experiment was carried out on the Didactic and Experimental Farm in Swadzim (52°26' N; 16°45' E) near Pozna�, in the years 2004-2007. The three-factorial experiment was established in "split-plot" design with 4 replications. The reaction of two maize hybrid types on the application of 6 nitrogen doses and magnesium fertilization was studied. The influence of the studied factors on the content of chloroplast pigments in maize leaf blades in the phase of ear blooming (BBCH 67) was estimated. A greater content of chlorophyll a and a + b expressed in SPAD units was found in maize leaf blades of the stay-green type, as compared with leaf blades of the conventional Anjou 258 hybrid. Concentration of chlorophyll a and a + b was increasing in a linear way in the nitrogen range from 0 to 120 kg N·ha -1 , while the amount of chlorophyll expressed in SPAD units ranged from 0 to 150 kg N·ha -1 . The stay-green type hybrid showed to be better nourished with nitrogen, on the basis of chlorophyll content in maize leaf blades, in the phase of ear blooming (BBCH 67), in comparison with the conventional hybrid and, at the same time, a lower nitrogen fertilization was needed. A simultaneous fertilization with magnesium increased the content of chloroplast pigments, in comparison with the application of nitrogen only. With the increase in the assimilation area of a single maize plant and of a maize stand (LAI indicator), the chlorophyll concentration in leaf blades was decreasing in a linear way.


In the chiral title compound, C33H42N4O2S2, the dihedral angle between the imidazole ring planes is 79.47 (17)°. The packing is consolidated by van der Waals forces and weak C—H⋯S interactions.


The paper is a summary of "the Symposium on Land Issues Involved in the Real Laws"held by China Society of Land and China Land Surveying and Planning Institute. The paper considers that the relevant stipulation concerning the use of farmland for collective development should be according to the guideline of "28 th Document of the State Council". The relevant stipulation with regard to the transfer of rural land used for building a house and state-owned land should base on the real situation; the independence legal person position of state-owned enterprises in the market economy should be given full consideration. The paper argues that several disadvantages existed in the "Draft of Real Laws", which will not only influence the protection for the interests of land right owners but also influence the reasonable utilization and protection of the land resources, these are: delimitation of land rights is not clear and many contents concerning land rights which is either emerging or will be emerging, have not been written in the "Draft". In view of the above-mentioned facts, the author thinks that the conditions for publishing the "Real Laws"are not ripe. The outline of"Real Laws"should be published first for directing the formulation of "Real Laws".


The work aims at extending Answer Set Programming (ASP) with the possibility of quickly introducing new predefined constructs and to deal with compound data structures. We show how ASP can be extended with 'template' predicate's definitions by introducing a wellsuited form of second order logics. We present language syntax and give its operational semantics. We show that the theory supporting our ASP extension is sound, and that program encodings are evaluated as efficiently as ASP programs. Examples show how the extended language increases declarativity, readability, compactness of program encodings and code reusability.1. This work has been partially funded by the EU research project IST-2002-33570 (INFOMIX)


This paper introduces the new multilevel inverter with reduced number of devices for grid connected PV modules applications. The proposed inverter needs reduce number of devices therefore the size, complexity and cost are much lower than the conventional and other recently proposed multilevel inverters. The proposed multilevel inverter is capable to produce 9/13/17- levels in an output using only 10-switches, 10-diodes, 8-drivers 4-capacitors and only 2-dc sources. In addition, the proposed inverter has an inherent natural voltage balancing across the capacitors, which decreases the requirement of additional voltage balancing circuit as requires in other conventional (flying capacitor and diode clamped) multilevel inverters. The comparison of proposed inverter with other inverters is also presented to show the advantages of proposed inverter. Finally, the performance of proposed inverter for 9/13/17-level has been evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink software and experimental results.


In R (TD, AD, and Patricia Reynolds) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2020] EWCA Civ 618, the implementation arrangements of the Government's flagship benefits system Universal Credit ('...


The move to focus on Pacific indigenous research methodologies and methods is a complex yet ongoing experience for researchers of Pacific heritage. The relational positionalities of Pacific researchers allow a move away from a dual or binary perspective of one's research responsibilities to a more fluid understanding of what it means to do research by, for, with Pacific communities. This paper highlights the diverse experiences of three Pacific researchers taking into consideration heritage connections, socio-cultural backgrounds and research contexts. We utilise talanoa as a method of engagement, reflexivity, and sharing of our experiences with Tongan, Samoan and Fijian communities. We argue that talanoa as a Pacific research method enables the diverse layers of experiences that take into particular consideration our connections to land, people and knowledges in the diaspora.


In this article, Diane Peel discusses the importance of ensuring that those who assess NVQ candidates in the workplace are fully supported in doing this.


How and why the bluestones arrived at Stonehenge, the UK's most revered ancient monument, has long held people's imagination. The key to understanding these questions relies heavily on the location of their sources. Following early studies in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, which proposed various places but in particular south‐west England, H.H. Thomas, in 1923, suggested that they came from the Mynydd Preseli, in north Pembrokeshire, Wales. Thomas proposed a number of key locations for the geographical origin of the stones. However, recent investigations have called those locations into question, identifying different sources albeit from the same broad area in north Pembrokeshire. Identification of these proposed new sites has led to archaeological excavations and important new discoveries including new suggested routes for the transport of the bluestones from the Preseli Hills to Stonehenge some 230 km away.


A transmitter power saving mechanism is presented in this paper where an Adaptive Modulation (AM) strategy is performed by the system. The power saving is accomplished by fixing a predefined Quality of Service (QoS) indicator in the system through the demanded application Symbol Error Rate (SER). The obtained results are encouraging as they show a great decrease in the system power budget. The mutliuser system capability is also exploited to achieve larger power saving values, by scheduling the user with the best channel characteristics at each time instant. The system saved power is then presented through a closed form expression and compared its results to computer simulations where a very tight performance is obtained.


Objective To evaluate the analgesic effects and feasibility of continuous spinal anesthesia with sufentanil for labor analgesia. Methods Eighty nulliparous patients who requested labor analgesia were randomized to receive either continuous spinal analgesia (group S) or combined spinal-epidural analgesia (group C). All patients were in active labor with a 2-3 cm cervical dilatation. In group S, sufentanil 8 μg (5 ml) was given via a spinal catheter followed by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with 100 ml of intrathecal sufentanil-only solution at 1 μg/ml, with a basal infusion of 2 ml/h, demand dose 2 ml, and a 10 min lockout. In group C, patients also received the initial intrathecal 8 μg of sufentanil via a spinal needle, but the PCA solution contained ropivacaine 1 mg/ml and sufentanil 0.5 μg/ml, which was delivered via an epidural catheter, with a basal infusion of 6 ml/h, demand dose of 6 ml, and a 10 min lockout. All injections were stopped when the cervix reached full dilatation. Maternal visual analog scores(VAS) scores, Bromage motor scale, fetal heart rate (FHR), duration of uterine contraction, intensity of uterine contraction(by fetal heart monitor)and maternal mean arterial blood pressure were monitored before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after injection, and at the time points with a 7-8 cm cervical dilatation and full cervical dilatation. Analgesia onset time, total sufentanil dose, reported side effects, and newborn Apgar scores at 1,5 and 10 min after birth were also recorded.Results Analgesia onset time was longer in group S than that in group C (P0.05). The VAS scores were lower in group S than that in group C at 7-8 cm cervical dilation (P0.05) as well as at full dilatation (P0.05). Total amount of sufentanil used was also lower in group S than group C (P0.05). Pruritus was similar in both groups. There were no significant difference in labor time,rate of natural childbirth,rate of analgesic satisfaction,itching and post dural puncture headache(PDPH) in two groups.Conclusion Continuous spinal analgesia with sufentanil alone is effective in providing pain control with minimal motor block during spontaneous labor.


For centuries, enjoying human rights has been an ideal of all mankind. In old China, the masses suffered severely from imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism; consequently, human rights were not available. Since its foundation, the CPC has always strived for the human rights for the people. Since the foundation of the PRC, under the leadership of the CPC, great achievements have been made in this sphere.


Ball-beam experiment system is a new kind of experimental equipment for the experimental course of automatic control theory and motion control offered in automation major. The structure design is clever and the principle expression is intuitive. However,because of the strong interference and poor accuracy of the position sensor in the system,the uncertainties of the experimental process are strengthened,and the consistence of repeating the same experiment is poor. In order to solve this problem,three digital filtering methods,i. e.,mean filtering,median filtering,and low pass filtering are analyzed,then the corresponding filters are designed. At last closed-loop control experiment of the ball-beam system shows that these three digital filtering methods improve the accuracy of the position measurement of the ball effectively,enhance the performance of the closed-loop system,and provide assurance for further study on optimal control of ball-beam system.


Rondane mountain massif in east-central Norway was the first area in Norway to be protected as a National Natural Reserve area in 1962. As a continuation of a recent update to the Quaternary geology map, the Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) has initiated detailed stratigraphical analysis of lake sediments and terrestrial deposits in central Rondane. The aim is to facilitate a deeper understanding of the regional deglaciation pattern, and Holocene climate and environmental evolution. Climate variations have controlled the evolution of flora and fauna, which in turn has influenced at least 4000 years of human activity in this relatively continental, high-alpine mountain region. The first cores from Lake Rondvatnet, an elongated (3 x 0,4 km) tectonically controlled lake in a valley which cuts through the central Rondane massif, have been analyzed for density, magnetic susceptibility, x-ray radiography, XRF multi-element analysis , TOC and pollen content. Ground penetrating radar together with surficial soil mapping was used to visualize sub-bottom sediments in the lake and surfical deposits south of the lake, which is connected to the lake deglaciation history.


Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Nicandra physalodes leaves were tested for Diuretic activity in rats. The parameters studied on individual rat were body weight before and after test period, total urine volume, urine concentration of Na+, K+ and Cl - . In the present study alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Nicandra physalodes leaves (100mg/kg of body weight) showed increase in urine volume, cation and anion excretion. Furosemide was used as reference diuretic.


This study analyzed support as reported by adult women to parents and parents-in-law in a multi-ethnic setting. It examined ethnic diversity and other influencing factors in the provision of support. Data utilized came from the Women sample of the 2004 Malaysian Population and Family Survey, and was filtered to include the three largest ethnic groups in Malaysia ? Malays, Chinese, and Indians. Analyses were conducted through crosstab and hierarchical logistic regression methods. Findings supported the contingency theory. Most Malaysian women supported parents and parents-in-law, but Malay women appeared more impartial than others. Increased needs of the women's own parents influenced support, but this effect was partially true in support to parents-in-law. Higher socioeconomic status in women partly increased support to both sets of parents. Women with more offspring were found to reduce support to parents, but not to parents-in-law. Socioeconomic development and declining fertility would have significant impact on the support of older persons.


The invariant non-static solutions of Einstein's vacuum field equations, corresponding to the most general form of axially symmetric stationary line element that represents a non conformally flat semi-Riemannian spacetime in cylindrical coordinates, are investigated. Lie symmetry method is used for symmetry reduction as well as for obtaining exact solutions in terms of arbitrary functions. The conservation laws are obtained for vacuum equations in axially symmetric gravitational fields. The solutions of Lewis metric and Chandrasekhar metric, are derived from the obtained solutions. By considering the possibilities of arbitrary functions, the graphical behaviour of the solutions is also shown.


Philosophy of History, as an academic discipline, challenges the choices that we make, motivated by our respective historical circumstances. Hegel considers Africa as an unhistorical continent, whose inhabitants can only be equated to animals or worthless article, bound to remain in slavery and in subhuman conditions. On the other hand, Léopold Sedar Senghor, in his Négritude ideology, portrays the values embedded in the African cultural and traditional practices. The intellectual aptness of the Africans, in this work is manifested in the very ideas of Senghor which we are using to contest those of Hegel. Some call Hegel a racist, others say he was driven by ignorance. Amidst such a debate, we call on our readers not to be insensitive to the socio-political and infrastructural deficiencies in Africa, in terms of economic and political instability, corruption, poverty illiteracy and disease. Can the extremes of such deficiencies justify the Hegelian claims concerning Africa? Who may be blamed for the predicaments of Africa; God, as Hegel seems to insinuate or the western world or the Africans themselves? As we endeavor to answer these questions, we are also positing our own solutions that can enable Africa to emerge. Introduction This work is basically constructed on Hegel's philosophy of history in which he presents a very horrid portrait of the African continent (Morton 2002). He insinuates that the idea of European claim to superiority over other races, especially Africa is rooted in the racist assumptions of the late 18th century Enlightenment philosophers including David Hume, Kant, and Hegel, who seem to have validated a civilization theory based on racism. (p. 1). Philosophy of history, as will later be explained in this work, is concerned with the value or meaning in human history. In Hegel's consideration, to understand why a person appears or behaves in a certain way, one must situate that person within a particular society and seek to understand the history of that society and the forces that shaped it. This idea, Beiser (2005) explains, defines Philosophy of History and it is equally the position of the historicist and the foundation of historicism (p. 29-30). In the like of Hegel, Little (2012) describes Philosophy of History in the following words: It raises the possibility of "learning from history." And it suggests the possibility of better understanding ourselves in the present, by understanding the...circumstances that brought us to our current situation. We also have to consider that Philosophy of History should not be confused with Historiography, which is the study of history as an academic discipline, neither should it be mistaken for History of Philosophy, which is the study of the development of philosophical ideas through time. Basically, Philosophy of History is concerned with the significance, if any, of human history; it Hegel's Philosophy of History-A Challenge to the African Thinker: The Thought of Leopold Sedar Senghor 58 asks if there is a design, purpose, directive principle, or finality in the processes of human history. Any African intellectual will seldom read Hegel's presentation of the African continent in his philosophy of history without giving it a second thought. This is because in classifying World history, as we shall soon see, Hegel places Africa on a very insignificant and sun-human pedestal. It is for this reason that we consider his philosophy of history as an acidic challenge to every African intellectual. Léopold Senghor is rated as one of the most prominent intellectuals that Africa has produced. He is well renowned for his Négritude ideology. While using his ideas as antithesis to Hegel's, we are, at the same time highlighting the values of the African culture, bearing in mind the words of Ki-Zerbo (1972) that 'l'Afrique, et son nom méritent d'être retenus par l'histoire universelle' (p. 360). (Africa, and her name deserve to be retained in universal history). We shall start with the ideas of Hegel, then proceed to those of Senghor, after which we shall attempt an evaluation of Africa as it is today and end up by proposing what we think can make Africa better. 1. An overview of Hegel's Philosophy of History Hegel is often considered as one of those philosophers who took history seriously. He considers history as a dialectic, or process in which the abstract becomes concrete; in which potentiality becomes actual. Kimpel (1963) explains that such a Hegelian dialectical process implies a thesis, an antithesis and a synthesis; a becoming which is a passing of being into what was not before the process (p. 105). In contrast to Kant, for example, who thought he could say on purely philosophical grounds what human nature is and always must be, Hegel insinuates that the very foundation of the human condition could change from one historical epoch to another. This progressive conception of history is principally the point of departure for Hegel. The fact is that Hegel distinguishes himself from his contemporaries by focusing on this same position but with greater accentuation. Consequently, his philosophy of history has a deeper influence than the other philosophers of The Enlightenment, as Singer (1983) observes as follows: What distinguished Hegel's mode of thinking from that of all other philosophers was the exceptional historical sense underlying it. However abstract and idealist the form employed; the development of the ideas runs always parallel to the development of world history and the latter is indeed supposed to be only the proof of the former (p. 9). Firmly ingrained in Hegel's philosophical manual is the pronouncement that Reason is the Sovereign in the World. It is reason that makes all things meaningful. Reason is Hegel's strongest tool; he uses it metaphysically as the teleological laws governing the universe, and epistemologically as that faculty that grasps something entirely or in context. Hegel (2007) insists that reason is Substance as well as Infinite Power (p. 9). Hegel (1975) is fully convinced that with the force of history, no individual can prevent the preordained from happening (p. 52). In his theology, God is omnipresent. He is present in everyone and appears in everyone's consciousness; and this is World Spirit. Accordingly, Hegel (1985) calls Christian religion the religion of truth and freedom (p. 171). Reflecting on Hegel's conception of God, Hook (1950) infers that for him, 'the idea is the nature of God's will and since this idea becomes truly itself only in and through history, History is the autobiography of God' (p. 36). The Journal of Social Encounters 59 Hegel goes on to apply a certain geographical standard in the development of world history. According to Hegel, as James (2007) rightly observes, 'the world's history began from the East and ends in the West; ending with the Germanic Christian empires' (p. 71) and it is unfolding in a narrative of stages of human freedom. Lowith (1957) explains that according to Hegel, in the Orient, only one – the ruler – was free in the sense of ultimate caprice. The Orientals, therefore, were the childhood of the world, the Greeks and Romans its youth and manhood, the Christian peoples are its maturity (p. 56). America and Australia for him are the new worlds, still to be exploited. Hegel (2007) does not accord any substantial value to Africa in his historical scheme because it has no development to manifest since it has always remained a stagnant continent (p. 93). His conception of Africa is our next concern. 2. A Focus on Africa in Hegel's philosophical thought Primarily, Hegel (2007) believes that Africa must be divided into three parts: One is that which lies south of the desert of Sahara Africa proper, the Upland almost entirely unknown to us, with narrow coast-tracts along the sea; the second is that to the north of the desert European Africa (if we may so call it), a coastland; the third is the river region of the Nile, the only valley-land of Africa, and which is in connection with Asia (p. 91). Hegel (2007) is fully convinced that Egypt, like the entire northern part of Africa which may be specially called that of the coast territory which lies on the Mediterranean and the Atlantic; a magnificent territory, on which Carthage once lay the site of the modern Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli was to be, and must be attached to Europe (pp 92-93). North Africa, he insinuates, should be understood as an extension of Spain, for both are parts of one and the same basin. To bolster such an interpretation, Hegel (1975) cites the prolific French writer and politician, de Pradt's contention that Spain is essentially a part of North Africa (or that North Africa is a part of Spain) (p. 173-174). He also excludes some parts of South Africa before expressing his mind on what he termed 'Africa Proper.' What Hegel (2007) considers Africa proper has no movement or development to exhibit. It is 'the Unhistorical, Undeveloped Spirit, still involved in the conditions of mere nature, and which had to be presented here only as on the threshold of the World's History' (p. 99). Africa proper, Hegel (1975) goes on to say, is a place that has no historical interest of its own; we may find its inhabitants living in barbarism and savagery, having no ingredient of culture. They exist in a land of childhood, removed from the light of self-conscious history and wrapped in the dark mantle of night. It is cut off from all contacts with the rest of the world (p. 174-175). Having noticed cases of tribal wars in Africa, especially amongst the Fula and Mandingo peoples who inhabit the mountain terraces of Senegal and Gambia, Hegel (1975) proceeds to conclude that In this main portion of Africa, history is in fact out of the question. Life there consists of a succession of contingent happenings and surprises. No aim or state exists whose development could be followed; and there is no subjectivity, but merely a series o


In this article we ask why in the process of the formation of the common currency the necessary mechanisms were not incorporated in order to resolve crisis like this. Our hypothesis is that, contrary to what is often said, the euro has followed a model approaching that of the reforced "Currency Board" more than a common currency in the strict sense of the word. Secondly we ask if the current eurozone could go beyond the currency board logic to transform in the common currency logic. In this sense we pose the question to what extend the current sovereign debt crisis will end up being a integration crisis or on the contrary a disintegration crisis of the euro. We try to identify the determining factors that can make cause one effect or another. The conclusion is that a path towards a European common currency will be a hard and uncertain one. We sustain that the advance towards a economic government of the euro needs a new momentum. It won't come from the present austerity plans. We think the reconstruction of the European project needs a new solidarity pact between all European countries. The integration of the youths must be the common objective to drive us a new momentum for the European political project.


Stacking monolayer semiconductors results in moir\'e patterns that host many correlated and topological electronic phenomena, but measurements of the basic electronic structure underpinning these phenomena are scarce. Here, we investigate the properties of the conduction band in moir\'e heterobilayers using submicron angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with electrostatic gating, focusing on the example of WS2/WSe2. We find that at all twist angles the conduction band edge is the K-point valley of the WS2, with a band gap of 1.58 +- 0.03 eV. By resolving the conduction band dispersion, we observe an unexpectedly small effective mass of 0.15 +- 0.02 m_e. In addition, we observe replicas of the conduction band displaced by reciprocal lattice vectors of the moir\'e superlattice. We present arguments and evidence that the replicas are due to modification of the conduction band states by the moir\'e potential rather than to final-state diffraction. Interestingly, the replicas display an intensity pattern with reduced, 3-fold symmetry, which we show implicates the pseudo vector potential associated with in-plane strain in moir\'e band formation.


Effect of bioinoculants on growth of Acacia nilotica seedlings was investigated. Plantlets inoculated with AM fungi in combination with Rhizobium attained more biomass as compared with due to either AM fungi or Azotobacter alone. Inoculum with a mixture of AM fungi resulted in more colonization than individual fungi. Glomus fasciculatum and G. epigaeum developed more colonization with higher resting spore population. There was significant improvement in the nodulation with Rhizobium while phosphorus content was more in the plants treated with AM and PSB.


microRNAs (miRNAs) have rapidly emerged as a widespread and important regulatory layer of gene expression (Ambros, 2004; Bartel & Chen, 2004). miRNAs can coordinately modulate the expression of hundreds of target genes, mainly by negatively affecting mRNA stability and/or protein output (Baek et al., 2008; Bentwich et al., 2005; Kozomara & Griffiths-Jones, 2011; Lim et al., 2005; Selbach et al., 2008). With this mode of gene expression control, a single miRNA can concomitantly influence multiple cellular programs under physiological and pathological conditions. Examples abound in which perturbation of miRNA functions can have catastrophic consequences for proper execution of developmental programs, for maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and for optimal performance of cellular processes (De Smaele et al., 2010; Garzon et al., 2010; Saba & Schratt, 2010; Sempere & Kauppinen, 2009; Ventura & Jacks, 2009).


The paper introduces the common types of mechanical logistics facilities and devices,analyzes their characteristics and current development and,with a view to extend their service life and improve the efficiency of logistics enterprises,proposes the measures for their optimization.


We consider a Markov additive process (MAP) with phase-type jumps, starting at 0. Given a positive level u, we determine the joint distribution of the undershoot and overshoot of the first jump over the level u, the maximal level before this jump, the time of attaining this maximum, and the time between the maximum and the jump. The analysis is based on first passage times and time reversion of MAPs. A marginal of the derived distribution is the Gerber-Shiu function, which is of interest to insurance risk. Several examples serve to compare the present result with the literature.


Synopsis of: Willem Halffman, Boundaries of Regulatory Science: Eco/toxicology and Aquatic Hazards of Chemicals in the US, England and the Netherlands. - Dissertation. - Science Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 2003, pp. 439-477


The 242-A Evaporator Campaign 95-1 was started on June 6, 1995 and finished July 27, 1995. An overall Waste Volume Reduction (WVR) of 8.18 million liters (2.16 mGAL OR 87.6% WVRF) was achieved from 9.35 million liters (2.47 Mgal) of processable waste contained in 108-AP, 107-AP, 106-AW and 102-AW. Slurry generated from Campaign 95-1 consisted of 1.05 million liters (278,000 gal) of dilute double-shell slurry feed (DDSSF) with a SpG of approximately 1.34. Total process condensate discharged to LERF was 10.3 million liters (2.72 Mgal), achieving a condensate/WVR efficiency ratio of 1.26. Total throughout for Campaign 95-1 was 18.1 million liters (4.79 Mgal). B Pond discharges from steam condensate and cooling water were 15.8 and 583 million liters (4.17 and 154 Mgal) respectively. Based on 145 hours of unplanned downtime, the 242-A Evaporator maintained an operating efficiency of 86% during the 49 day campaign.


Predicting the seismic response of stiff, massive structures, such as those found at a nuclear power plant, accounting for the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI), is subject to a number of uncertainties. A principal source of uncertainty comes from differences in SSI analysis techniques. This uncertainty and, in particular, the idealization of the soil-structure system, is the subject of this discussion.The SSI analysis of the complete Zion nuclear plant is the subject of the present study; the discussion of this paper is limited to the analysis of a single isolated reactor building.


The design of the sanitary sewer or a treatment plant needs the assessment of the extent of extraneous water that seeps into the system. The study provides the appropriateness of some of the design parameters used by the local engineers. Particular attention is also given to the variation of inflow / infiltration with respect to rainfall occurrence which is found to be very large. The data used in making the evaluation is obtained using the flow-meters for directly measuring the flow in a running sewer line in two different residential areas in ten phases which include both weekdays and weekends, collecting and measuring the amount of water trapped in an abandoned sewer line (field model) continuously for nearly eight months which include both dry and wet periods and also by performing infiltration tests on a laboratory model under saturated and unsaturated conditions to obtain the results in controlled environment. The rainfall is measured using automatic rain-gauge. The results show that the infiltration into the sewers much higher than allowable under Malaysian Standards and infiltration as high as 275.46 liters/day/km-length/mmdiameter is found during wet period. Laboratory tests show results within allowable limits. Based on site study, the design parameters of per capita flow contribution and peak flow factor are found lower than the Malaysian Standard. The results thus obtained are going to be helpful for the municipal agencies and their consulting engineers quantify and simulate rainfall derived infiltration and inflow that affects the sewer systems they design, operate and manage.


Introduction: It is well documented that using antihormonal therapy with tamoxifen significantly improves the survival rate of women with oestrogen-receptor positive (ER+) breast tumours. However, the development of resistance to tamoxifen as a primary therapy and disease reoccurrence limits its clinical benefit. This therapeutic failure has revived interest in the breast cancer stem cell (BCSC), since stem cells were reported to be resistant to antihormonal therapy. Stemness" genes expression increases in undifferentiated cells. However, the role of their expression in breast cancer is still poorly defined. The aim of this study was to examine the role of stemness proteins in breast cancer cell lines and anti-hormonal therapy resistance.

Method: MCF-7, MCF-7/tamoxifen resistant (TAMR) and MDA-MB238 cells were cultured, with relevant hormonal therapy to calculate ED50 and incubated in 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C. Quantitative and qualitative immunophenotyping of cells was achieved using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled antibodies reactive with NANOG, SOX2, OCT4 and CD44.

Result: MDA-MB238 cells showed significant expression of NANOG (70%), CD44 (85%) SOX2 (68%) and OCT3-4 (50%) compared with MCF-7(12%, 4%, 15% and 10% respectively). However the MCF-7 TAMR demonstrated lower expression of NANOG (45%), CD44 (60%), SOX2 (60%) and OCT3/4 (55%) compared with MDA-MB238.

Conclusion: Stemness" proteins are highly expressed in breast cancer cells resistant to tamoxifen therapy. There is association between the expression of Stemness" proteins level and the development and progression of breast cancer resistance to tamoxifen therapy


Abstract In the twenty-first century, most high-performance concretes, and many other ordinary concretes, are now based on blended cements that contain silica fume, slag, and/or fly ash additions. Because the chemical shrinkage accompanying the pozzolanic and hydraulic reactions of these mineral admixtures is generally much greater than that accompanying conventional portland cement hydration, these blended cements may have an increased demand for additional curing water. When such water cannot be supplied efficiently by external curing, internal curing becomes necessary, if the maintenance of saturated hydration conditions in the blended cement paste is desired. In this paper, the internal curing of three different high-performance blended cement mortars is evaluated with respect to measured autogenous deformation and compressive strength development. Internal curing is particularly beneficial for the mortars containing silica fume or slag blended cements. For the blended cement containing a Type F fly ash, less autogenous deformation is observed, due to the maintenance of a more open (percolated) pore structure containing larger pores, as supported by low temperature calorimetry measurements on hydrated paste specimens. In addition to providing a substantial reduction in autogenous shrinkage at early ages, internal curing also provided a significant increase in long term (28 d and beyond) compressive strength in the three mortars investigated in this study.


Reporting on sensitive or controversial issues, particularly race and religion, has always been challenging for media practitioners. With a plural society background like Malaysia has, the media practitioners have to put more concern in the contents of their news reports. The consideration includes journalists as individuals, media routines, organisation, extra media forces to the ideological, sociocultural forces as presented in the Hierarchy of Influence model by Shoemaker & Reese (2014). The paper aims to study how the Malaysian mainstream media report on controversial issues in the newspapers from the hierarchy of influence perspective. Through a qualitative method, in-depth interviews were conducted among editors and journalists from The Star and Utusan Malaysia to obtain their experience in reporting such issues. Their responses were then analysed using Nvivo through the categorization of themes from the hierarchy of influences. The results show that there are connections between all levels that contributed to the shaping of news contents particularly on controversial issues like the translation of the word 'God' to 'Allah' case. This shows that Malaysia is unique and different when reporting on such issues as these influences will help to keep and maintain the peace and harmony in the plural society.


Water movement above the water table, yet below the root zone, is predominantly downward because of gravitational forces. This vertical movement is frequently affected by lower permeability geologic units that divert water horizontally. Also, vapor-driven transport of water can be important in very dry climates. Shallow soil-water is affected by plant uptake of water, and also by evaporation from the soil surface. These processes are characteristic of unsaturated media, i.e., zones where the soil materials are not saturated with water. In these cases, the surface tension of water causes adherance to soil surface, and soil-water pressures are generally negative. Each soil material has a distinctive relationship between the negative fluid pressure (or tension) and water content. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is lower than the hydraulic conductivity under saturated conditions because not all available pore space contributes to fluid flow. Deep soil-water movement is also affected by macropores (large pores) that can provide preferential flow paths under very wet conditions, but may not significantly contribute to flow otherwise.

Keywords:

deep percolation;
unsaturated zone;
vadose zone;
unsaturated hydraulic conductivity;
characteristic curves;
capillary rise


This paper expatiated the concept of metadata,and introduced several international metadata standards,then analyzed the importance of the geography spatial metadata technology in Geographic Information System. Besides, real project was taken to demonstrate the implementation of metadata technology,including how to use XML Schema to express the structure of metadata,how to use XML to store metadata,how to use XML Editor to edit metadata,and how to store metadata in RDBMS.


State territory — In general — Acquisition of territorial sovereignty — Conquest and annexation — Acquisition of Australia in 1780-1788 — Terra nullius — Whether occupation or conquest — Rights of aboriginal people in land under international law — The law of Australia State territory — In general — Acquisition of territorial sovereignty — Occupation — Discovery — Acquisition of Australia in 1770–1788 — Terra nullius — Whether occupation or conquest — Validity and legal effects — Act of State — Whether aboriginal people had rights in land under international or Australian law — Procedure — The law of Australia


The purpose of this study is to identify factors influencing suicidal ideation for the elderly living alone. Utilizing the identified factors as the base data, the study aims to develop community programs for suicide prevention. This research is a secondary analysis of the 2017 national survey, 'Survey on the Elderly,' conducting logistics regression analysis on the data collected on 10,299 elderly aged 65 or older living in 17 general residential facilities as of 2017. The analysis reveals that 10.5% of the elderly living alone have contemplated suicide. The frequency of suicidal ideation was attributed to such factors as gender, age, chronic disease, depression and experiences of abuse and discrimination. To prevent suicide among the elderly, therefore, active management from both public and private sectors are needed for early detection of chronic diseases and depression.


S ri e o l a re n d o i i z S a t n u r e d t i n A I v a a l n o z u a c t S i-m a a z p n e e r c s s o eg n u o i c r e v i e rtut Modeling the catalyst selectivity in the ethylene epoxidation reaction A first principles study Thesis submitted for the degree of


This research assessed the impact of port congestion on the Nigerian economy. It also examined critically, the factors affecting port performance and its impact on the Nigerian economy. Relevant literatures on port congestion and its effects on port productivity were reviewed. Secondary data were obtained from Central Bank Statistical Bulletin and Nigerian Ports Authority annual bulletin. Data for GDP, Imports, Exports and ports indicator of utilization and of service (Ship calls, Cargo throughput) for a period of 18 years (1995 - 2012) were analyzed using Multiple Regression with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V.20.0), to determine the degree of significance of variables affecting port economic drivers. From the result of the analysis, it was deduced that imports, exports, cargo throughput and berth occupancy ratio correlate significantly and are statistically impacted by GDP variable. Nigerian economy is dependent on the export of Crude oil and Agricultural produce to earn foreign income, while our industries is dependent to a large extent, on the importation of materials needed for their consumption or production activities. Therefore, stagnation in port operations (ports congestion) will have dire economic consequences on the economic growth of the nation. Expanding gate operating hours will maximise the use of off-peak roadway capacity. Nigerian ports should start offering 24 hour/day gate operations to improve berth utilisation rate, reduced cargo d well time, enhanced ship turnaround time. This will discourage the diversion of Nigeria bound cargo to ports of neighbouring countries, which implies improved revenue yield to the Nigerian economy. From the test of hypothesis, using the statistical student t-test, there is a strong, statistical, significant relationship between Gross Domestic Product and port performance economic drivers (imports, exports, ship calls and cargo throughput).


English Health Technical Memoranda and Health Building Notes will from now on be accessible in comprehensive online form following the decision by the national estates directorates in all four UK countries to migrate these key sources of technical information and guidance to a new website over the next six months. Health Estate Journal reports on the official launch of the new "Space for Health" portal at the recent Healthcare Estates conference.


In this paper, an agent-based approach to construction and simulation of shop floor operations (assembly processes, job flow scheduling, etc.) within interactive virtual environments is presented.


Ten species of rodents were trapped from cocoa groves, abandoned agricultural land and a rice field during the wet season in eastern Sierra Leone. Trap success varied between 0.8% and 14.1%. Mean corrected trap success was 6.4%. Data are analyzed in terms of habitat preferences of individual species, community composition and species richness. Results of dietary analysis are presented. The data indicate that the rodent fauna of cocoa groves contains both savanna-derived and forest-derived elements, though some habitat specialist species were absent. Habitats with a high percentage of understory cover showed a higher rodent species diversity and biomass than those with a sparse understory. The habitats contained 43% of the predicted small mammal fauna, including 33% of the forest-dwelling species. Missing species were mostly arboreal forms. Cocoa groves may provide important refugia for forest-derived small mammal species in areas where deforestation has been extensive.


are presented, along with the preventive measures that businesses should take for the avoidance of accumulation of biogenic amines in foods at levels unsafe for consumer health.


Mineral Composition analysis to the kaolin sample indicates that main impurities affecting its whiteness are iron-bearing minerals. The experiment results show that most iron-bearing impurities can be removed and the kaolin concentrate with high whiteness and lower iron content can be obtained by a method of "Combined processing of chemical bleaching and intensively bleaching with chelator", by co ntrast impurities removal cannot attained by conventional process.


The paths of nucleophilic fluoroalkylation reaction of propylene oxide with PhSO2CYF - (Y = F, H, and PhSO2, respectively) in the gas phase and in Et2O solvent were studied theoretically. The nucleophilic fluoroalkyl- ation of propylene oxide with fluorinated carbanions was probed by compa- rison of the reactivities (phenylsulfonyl)monofluoromethyl anion (PhSO2CHF - ), the (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethyl anion (PhSO2CF2 - ), and the bis(phenylsul- fonyl)monofluoromethyl anion ((PhSO2)2CF - ). The nucleophilicity reactivity order of PhSO2CYF - (Y = F, H, and PhSO2) is (PhSO2)2CF - > PhSO2CHF - > > PhSO2CF2 - , which indicates that the introduction of another electron-with- drawing phenylsulfonyl group is an effective way to significantly increase the nucleophilicity of fluorinated carbanions. For comparison, the nucleophilic addition reaction of propylene oxide with the chlorine-substituted carbanion PhSO2CHCl - was investigated. The calculated results show that the nucleophi- licity of PhSO2CYF - is better than that of PhSO2CHCl - in the ring opening reaction with propylene oxide. The calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental ones.


The aim of this presentation is to review academic research on service quality and customer satisfaction that has been successfully integrated into the practice in hospitality and tourism operations and to identify the areas that warrant further research in the future. Today's travel and tourism industry environment is more complex, volatile, and competitive than ever before. Shifts in the world's demographics and tourists' psychographics, the changing tourism economy and travelers' tourism consumption patterns create both new challenges and opportunities to the world's tourism industry. Growing complexity in the management infrastructure of the tourism industry, is evidenced by the fact that travel and hospitality service providers establish various forms of strategic alliances and pursue non-conventional strategies that are aimed at increasing their fair market shares. A notable change occurring in the tourism industry is the consumer's growing orientation towards an emphasis and demand for `quality of experience.' More than ever before, operators in the tourism industry recognize that it is the `high quality service experience' that makes a tourist patronise a particular establishment in the tourism business. Consequently, the industry is becoming more competitive in the `race for a higher level of service.' As one industry executive has put it forcefully; `The race for service has no finish line. As the race progresses, the finish line moves further away. Those who do not run fast enough will fall behind.' This is clearly evidenced by a quick glance at the industry trends. According to an annual survey of world's finest hotels polled by readers of Institutional Investment magazine, many of the hotels listed among `World's Top 75' dropped in their rankings while their overall scores improved during the same period. They improved their quality indexes and therefore improved the scores, but their ranks dropped at the same time simply because their competitors outperformed them. Much has been written in recent years about quality service and customer satisfaction in the tourism and hospitality industry. As previously mentioned, the race for quality service and guest satisfaction will continue to intensify as the industry becomes more competitive and the tourism end-users will have even a wider range of choices in their tourism purchase. There are two types of service quality that concern hospitality and tourism industries. One type of service quality has to do with the product features that enhance customer satisfaction and the other type of service quality is related to freedom from deficiencies. It is the former type of quality service in which we are mainly interested, because of its potential to influence customer satisfaction. Guests perceive `value' only when they believe that the benefits received are greater than the sacrifices made. So, the key to service quality enhancement is how one can generate the maximum received value in the eyes of the customer. The sacrifices of the guest (i.e. a visitor or a tourist) include money and time spent on the consumption of the product. In order to ensure the maximum customer value, there should be a service delivery system that meets or exceeds customer expectations. The service delivery system created will thus, in turn, create customer satisfaction. This means that hospitality and tourism operators must develop service delivery systems that create value for their target markets. Some of the economy lodging chains (e.g. La Quinta Inns and Hampton Inns) in the United States realized that, when choosing a hotel, clean and safe guest rooms and an efficient check-in and check-out are the most important considerations for their target customers. They also realized that a majority of their clients are automobile travelers who spend the night and take-off early the next morning for another day of journey. …


The home gods are directly related to the layout of the house. In other words, like each space of the house has its unique function, the home gods also take locations in their own places and implement their own roles. The House is a place where people reside. The original form of the house was the Umjip with a single space. While the Umjip has developed into houses with divided spaces, its spaces and the house itself were invested with various meanings according to their functions and symbolism After that, the house could be described according to the given meanings, the location, size, and pattern. This is related to the fact that each home god is in its part of the house to perform their function appropriate to that place. The home gods, then, maintain their meanings and symbolism. The living space in a house is not only a place where family members live but also a place in which home gods dwell. Through the presence of the gods, the residence becomes sacred. Therefore, the living space of a home is a place for everyday life and ceremonies. The existence of home gods enables the secular living space to become a holy place. The living space is vulnerable to invasion by wicked people and evil beings but home religion purifies the space with its sacred spirit. The house itself becomes more than just a resting place for the families and then becomes a central area to meet gods. The scope of women's living in the traditional society was very limited so the house was very important to them Through home religion, women tried to overcome social restraints by the communication with the gods, which gave home religion strong characteristics as a female-oriented religion. Therefore, the house, when considered from the perspective of home religion, is a place where everyday life is in motion, where gods are in their places, and where women rest in the 'women's place'. Home religion sometimes reflects the hierarchy of the family members. At the center is the Seongju-shin which symbolizes the father. There are other gods in harmony, such as the Sam-shin, the Josang-shin, the Youngdanji, and the Jowang-shin. While the Seongju-shin stands for the living head of the family, the father, the other gods, such as the Sam-shin, the Youngdanji, and the Josang-shin, stand for the ancestors of the family. Among the ancestor gods, the gods that had physical contact with current family members are generally more valued than the other gods. This is a kind of mechanism that maintains the solidarity of the family and constructs a feeling of unity. In addition, home religion played another role; to change the vertical hierarchy of the family in the traditional society into a horizontal one. Home religion is a product of farming culture. The way of thinking of the people changed in modern society and the shape of the house has also changed a lot. Therefore, there is no place for home gods as there was before. However, though they are not engaged in farming, some families do worship their home gods. Some of them replaced their home religion with other religions, retaining their religious disposition. Accordingly, like other traditional cultures, home religion can show us aspects that have partly changed and have been partly preserved.


Drawing from sources and documents preserved in Ferrara, the Author proposes to add to the literature concerning Camillo Golgi some probably original data about the presence of Golgi within the Academy of Ferrara: honours, commemorations, scholarships, contributions of local scholars spurred by Golgi's researches accomplished in the field of histology, neurology and malariology.


Background: NSI is an important but preventable occupational hazard among Health care workers (HCWs) all over the world.
Objective:To assess prevalence of NSIs and related knowledge and practices among HCWs of a tertiary health care institution.
Methods: It was an institution based, cross sectional study done among junior doctors (interns and house staffs) and nurses in a tertiary health care
institution of Kolkata. Complete enumeration was done and sample size was 215. Aself-administered questionnaire was used to collect data.
Results: The prevalence of NSIs was 22.3%, more among junior doctors compared to nurses (28.3% vs. 11.7%), majority experiencing 1-3
incidents in last 3 months. Recapping of needle was the most common activity leading to NSIs (56.3%). Only 14.6% reported their NSIs to their
authority. 64.2% of the study subjects were vaccinated against Hepatitis B. The study subjects had fair knowledge about the diseases transmitted by
NSIs, but their practice on post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) was poor. Heavy workload, fatigue, lack of protective measures and inadequate
training contributed to NSIs, as they reported.
Conclusion: Greater awareness and willingness to adhere to the designed protocols for sharps management among HCWs are urgently needed to
prevent this problem.


I report the discovery that the 9th-magnitude Galactic-halo star BD+14$^\circ$3061 is a member of the rare class of luminous metal-poor "yellow post-AGB" stars. Its Gaia DR2 parallax implies an absolute magnitude of $M_V=-3.44\pm0.27$, and it is a very high-velocity star moving in a retrograde Galactic orbit. BD+14$^\circ$3061 is a field analog of the half-dozen yellow PAGB stars known in Galactic globular clusters, which have closely similar absolute magnitudes. These objects are the visually brightest members of old stellar populations; their apparently narrow luminosity function makes them potentially useful as Population II standard candles. The spectral-energy distribution of BD+14$^\circ$3061 out to $22\,\mu$m shows no evidence for circumstellar dust. The star is a low-amplitude semi-regular pulsating variable, with typical periods of 30-32 days. A radial-velocity study suggests that it is a spectroscopic binary with a period of 429.6 days, making it similar to known binary yellow PAGB stars such as HD 46703 and BD+39$^\circ$4926.


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Frank Horan, who died on November 4th, 2015, aged 82, was a legendary Editor of The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (Br) . He achieved prominence and notoriety in many areas of orthopaedic surgery, but was particularly proud of his long association with our journal. He joined


The Hellas impact basin, spanning 2000+ km in the cratered highlands, is the largest well-preserved impact structure on Mars and its deepest depositional sink. The Hellas region is significant for evaluating Mars hydrogeologic and climate histories, given the nature, diversity, and range in ages of potential water- and ice-related landforms [e.g., 1-2], including possible paleolakes on the basin floor [2-4]. The circum-Hellas highlands are of special interest given recent studies of potential localized fluvial/lacustrine systems [2, 5-17] and evidence for phyllosilicates around and within impact craters north of the basin [18-26].


We performed streak camera measurements of unstable bunches emitting bursts of coherent microwave and infrared radiation. Our goal was to understand the origin of the impedance which excites the instability, creating longitudinal beam density modulation during coherent bursts. The two possible candidates were the impedance from the corrugated bellow shields in the vacuum chamber or the coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) impedance. To distinguish between the two we checked if the beam density modulation frequency depends on beam energy. Our data favor the impedance from the shields over CSR as the source of the measured modulation.


Following the discovery that the proto‐oncogene protein kinase B (PKB) functions as a downstream element in signalling from phosphoinositide 3′‐kinase (PI3‐kinase) (Burgering & Coffer, 1995), PKB has been shown to mediate a diverse array of PI3‐kinase dependent cellular responses. Most recently PKB‐dependent phosphorylation of 3 members of the family of Forkhead transcription factors has been demonstrated to play a role in PI3‐kinase dependent effects on transcription. This review focuses on this newly discovered function of PKB in conveying the diversity of PI3‐kinase dependent cellular responses.


Abstract : Iniation and detonation behavior of 13-micron ammonium perchlorate was studied at loading density 1.00 g/cu. cm. Steady detonation velocities were determined experimentally at three diameters and extrapolated to 3.75 = 0.15 mm/ micro sec at infinite diameter. Calculations with the BKW equation of state gave 4.25 mm/micro sec--as good agreement as could be expected for a low-energy chlorine--containing explosive. By introducing 24-kbar flat-topped plane shocks into pellets of various lengths, it was determined that steady full-strength detonation was reached after about 15 mm travel. The growth of pressure in the accelerating wave was followed approximately by means of free-surface measurements on thin Plexiglas at the top surfaces of the pellets, and these measurements indicated the pressure to be 55 = 10 kbar in the full-strength wave. Reducing the air pressure in the pressings to 5 microns left the build-up to detonation unaffected. The position of the shock Hugoniot for the pressings relative to the Hugoniot of the solid crystal is discussed in terms of heat production during collapse and possible reaction processes. (Author)


Spectrum sharing, as a key concept in cognitive radio (CR), is considered to be a promising technique in mitigating the under-use of spectrum resources. Compared with the traditional half-duplex cognitive nodes (HD-CNs), full-duplex cognitive nodes (FD-CNs) can achieve continuous sensing and realize much higher efficient spectrum utilization, which greatly reduces the possibility of adverse impact on the primary user (PU). However, the spectrum sharing with FD-CNs is challenged by self-interference and the practical non-Gaussian transmitted signals (e.g. the digital modulated signals), which makes the identification of PU's working states more difficult. In this paper, we propose a spectrum sensing scheme namely multidimensional high-order cumulant (MDHC) detection method. Two cases are studied based on whether the secondary user (SU) transmits or not. Interestingly, the test statistics derived by posterior probability ratio are the same at both cases, while the decision thresholds of these two cases are distinct from each other. Moreover, the closed-form solution of the decision threshold for each case is obtained by the Neyman-Pearson (NP) criterion. Rich spectrum information can be got via calculating the high order cumulants of the received signals. The proposed method can also extract a non-Gaussian signal from Gaussian noise even when the noise is colored and eliminate the negative effect of the noise power uncertainty. Finally, simulation results are provided to evaluate the proposed schemes.


A real symmetric matrix G with zero entries on its diagonal is an adjacency matrix associated with a graph G (with weighted edges and no loops) if and only if the non–zero entries correspond to edges of G. An adjacency matrix G belongs to a generalized–nut graph G if every entry in a vector in the nullspace of G is non–zero. A graph G is termed NSSD if it corresponds to a non–singular adjacency matrix G with a singular deck {G− v}, where G− v is the submatrix obtained from G by deleting the vth row and column. An NSSD G whose deck consists of generalized– nut graphs with respect to G is referred to as a G–nutful graph. We prove that a G–nutful NSSD is equivalent to having a NSSD withG−1 as the adjacency matrix of the complete graph. If the entries of G for a G–nutful graph are restricted to 0 or 1, then the graph is known as nuciferous, a concept that has arisen in the context of the quantum mechanical theory of the conductivity of non–singular Carbon molecules according to the SSP model. We characterize nuciferous graphs by their inverse and the nullities of their one– and two–vertex deleted subgraphs. We show that a G–nutful graph is a NSSD which is either K2 or has no pendant edges. Moreover, we reconstruct a labelled NSSD either from the nullspace generators of the ordered one–vertex deleted subgraphs or from the determinants of the ordered two–vertex deleted subgraphs. MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 72 (2014) 165-178


Aim To study fermenting preparation of fulvic acid.Methods Orthogonal experiment: two-time solid fermentation.Results The optimum material weight ratio is apple dregs∶bean cake∶bran = 50∶4∶3,the water containing percentage 20%(water/solid material).The best fermentative condation: first inoculated with Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma koningii by 2.5%(spores solution/solid material), fermenting at 28℃ for 12d,exterminating fungi, then inoculated Candida spp, Saccharomyces spp, Bacillus subtilis and Corynebacterium spp by 2.5%(spores solution/solid material), fermenting at 32℃ again, the yield of fulvic acid is 42.2 %. Conclusion Solid fermenting of fulvic acid with apple dreg as the main raw material is a doable, economic and fast method.


Worldwide symmetric encryption standards such as DES (data encryption standard), AES (advanced encryption standard), and EES (escrowed encryption standard), have been - and some of them still are - extensively used to solve the problem of communication over an insecure channel, but with today's advanced technologies, they seem to not be as secure and fast as one would like. In this paper, we propose efficient alternatives based on special classes of globally invertible cascaded convolutional transducers. The proposed symmetric encryption techniques have at least four advantages over traditional schemes based on Feistel ciphers. First, the secret key of a cascaded convolutional cryptosystem is usually much easier to generate. Second, the encryption and decryption procedures are much simpler, and consequentially, much faster. Third, the desired security level can be obtained by just setting appropriate values for the parameters of the convolutional cryptosystem. Finally, they are much more parallelizable than symmetric encryption standards based on Feistel ciphers


After discussed the difficulty of monitoring transformer fault online, this paper proposes a fault diagnosis scheme based on acoustic wave analysis. The time and frequency domain signal processing is utilized to analyze acoustic signal so that equipments' running status can be identified and the trend of development be predicted. Firstly, a new scheme of transformer fault diagnosis and trend forecast is designed. Transformer acoustic signal acquisition, noise elimination method in diagnosis system is represented. Secondly, the new algorithm of the signal strangeness detection and trend-based forecasting based on wavelet analysis is put forward. Lastly, the wavelet packet algorithm is utilized to analyze acoustic signal and extract frequency & time-domain features which relative with its development trend, and then the predicting consequence can be use to assess the fault type. The actual measurement test demonstrated that the serial wavelet packet transformation (WPT) algorithms have high availability and feasibility to diagnosis and forecast the transformer faults accuracy.


Isothermal sintering reaction of a sialon composite containing Y-α′-sialon and β′-sialon has been investigated in the system Si3N4-Y2O3-AlN. Y-α′-sialon and β′-sialon were formed at temperature≥1450°C. The amount of Y-α′-sialon increased with increasing the holding time at 1450 and 1550°C, while the lattice constant decreased. On the other hand, the amount of Y-α′-sialon increased first and then decreased and accordingly, its lattice constant decreased first and then increased with increasing the holding time at temperatures≥1650°C. These changes are estimated to be closely related to the formation reaction and the thermal stability of Y-α′-sialon.


IT is inow COiflii)ol kinowledge that the prol)ortiop of persons in the older atge groups las beeni inicreasing. Ini 1900 the age groul) 45.-64 Yealr s conitributed 13.7 perceiit to the total 1populhition; in 19.55 the corresponding percentage wlas 2.0.2. The group aged 65;t) years anid over conistituted 4.1 percent of the populaction in 1900, the percenitage graldltally increasing to 8.5 in 1955 (1). AMoreover, in 1890() -,s miianiy as 68 l)eLcelnt of the mleni aged 615 anid over were in the labor force; in 1955 the corresp)onding percent(age was less tlhian 40 ( T).rhese facts have g)ivell rise to wlhat lhas beeni kniownfor somiie timiie as the problem of the acging workelr. It hlas beeni stated thlat the atdoptioin of certamii emiploymenit and reti reiienit l)olicies ha(.s retarded a solutioni of the problemii (3). IlTndei suchl policies, ani increasing bo(dl of l)elsolns, willing (aInd able to work, imayv well be lost to the labor force. Itenice the potenitial lproduction ais wA-ell as the p)urchasing power of thlis inceasilng proportion of the population w-oul(l lbe sacrificed. In addition, the (lilestioni arlises of the l)ossible deterioratioii of the soc iall an-(d


Mo2FeB2 ternary boride cermet coating was prepared on the steel substrate by reactive flame spraying.The induction heating was chosen for the purpose of improving the bonding strength of the coating.The effect of induction heating on the microstructure of the coating and its interracial microstructure were studied.Micro-hardness of the coating was tested as well as its wear resistance after heating treatment.The results show that after such treatment the coating is unchanged and composed of matrix phase α-Fe and horniness phase Mo2FeB2 with high micro-hardness(HV0.11 200) and wear resistance when the induction heating temperature reaches 980 ℃.


The present study was aimed to analyze the Iraqis effort in the field of developing regional planning within the framework of the decentralized management program, which is considered as one of the preliminary prerequisites for the implementation and success of planning. It was found that Iraq took important steps in implementing the decentralized management, but these steps are not enough to establish the active planning. While determining the (Karin) level of several desktop sources, the method was applied on the data of Jordon by limiting the main administrative aspects of the public administration system. Still, there exist many problems that need to be addressed in order to achieve the goals instead of clarification of goals. These problems are covered by the nature of relationship between decentralized management and their levels ranging from weak to medium decentralization. In spite of official attitude to the implementation of decentralized management policies, plenty of these are still theoretic and need to be implemented. Any progress and success regarding the implementation of decentralized management policies indicate a more active role for planning and regional development in the life of people from different parts of Iraq. Hence, the proposals presented in this study are unique in the nature that this topic has never been explored in Iraq. So, it will help the practitioners and the planning managers to understand the problems in coastal areas in the provinces and devise better policy for the betterment of the people. It is necessary to proceed further in implementing the decentralized management policies gradually and continuously to control any unexpected side-effects which might emerge from the implementation of such policies.


The purpose of this paper is to study the dilemma of human resource management in enterprises under the new economic model of "Gig economy". With interview methods and studying document deeply, this paper correctly understands and analyzes the dual effects of the "Gig economy" to enterprises. On the one hand, this new economic model has created a very favorable environment for the development of enterprises, but on the other hand, it has brought unprecedented challenges to the management of human resources. This paper proposes improvement measures after analyzing the embarrassing situation of enterprises. The conclusion is that in response to the problems brought about by the "Gig economy", enterprises should give full play to their subjective initiative, grasp the favorable side, strive to avoid disadvantages, and start from a reasonable system and effective management to promote their own development. At the same time, social forces such as the government and individuals should also change their behaviors and adapt to this new economic model. Keywords—Gig Economy; Human resources; Challenges;


Among all aquatic species, mantas and rays swim by oscillating their pectoral fins; this motion is similar to other fishes in term of efficiency, but it gives better agility in turning with respect to fishes moving their caudal fin. The fin motion is featured by a travelling wave going opposite to the forward motion, producing a force thanks to momentum conservation. Another contribution to the generation of thrust is given by the generation of a vortex in correspondence of the leading edge of the fin, which pulls the fish forward thanks to the lower pressure in its centre. In literature these contributions have been highlighted, but it remains to understand which one of these two mechanisms is prevailing according to different conditions of swimming, how they affect each other and what is the influence of the two on energetical efficiency. The object of this activity is to investigate how thrust generation is influenced by geometrical characteristics of the fin, such as size, geometry and flexibility and by parameters of motion, such as speed, amplitude and frequency of fin oscillation and velocity of the travelling wave. A CFD model of the fish has been implemented in OpenFOAM, not only confirming that both upstroke and downstroke contribute positively to the forward movement according to the momentum conservation principle, but also highlighting the formation of a leading-edge vortex enhancing thrust generation. The description of how thrust generation is linked to motion parameters is simulated also coupling the CFD with a multibody to simulate the whole motion in its complexity.


A formalism recently proposed to study the excluded volume effect in ternary polymer solutions is used to analyse, in terms of inter- and intra-molecular interactions, mixtures of poly(ethyl methacrylate)(PEMA) in acetonitrile (AcN)–1-chlorobutane (ClBu) and in AcN–BrBu. Viscometric and light-scattering techniques have been used to obtain intrinsic viscosities, second virial coefficients and preferential solvation parameters as a function of the binary solvent composition. Solvent(1)–solvent(2)–polymer(3) contacts have been evaluated using the Flory–Huggins–Pouchly formalism, and the individual contributions of both inter- and intra-molecular segment–segment contacts to the excluded volume are reported and discussed.


With the increased incidence of migraine headaches noted in the military population it becomes imperative to find safe and effective treatment options for soldiers. Acupuncture may be one of those options. This pilot study used a standardized set of well-known acupuncture points over a predetermined time interval on 26 subjects suffering from chronic daily headache, the majority being migraineurs, and found a reduction in the frequency and intensity of their headaches. Headache calendars and validated measurements were compared 12 weeks before and 12 weeks after the acupuncture intervention. Results showed continued improvements 12 weeks after the last treatment. Traditionally, acupuncture treatments are individualized at each visit. However the absence of a standardized treatment regimen obstructs data reproducibility across the discipline. A standardized approach may be useful. Variations of these acupuncture points have been used in recent research studies for migraines and acupuncture for headaches for the past 2,000 years.


Tarchonanthus L. (from the Greek tcxapoo, funeral rites, and av0oo, flower) and its sister genus Brachylaena R. Br. have long had unresolved affinities. They were placed in the tribe Vernonieae by Cassini (1828), based on the styles, in the Asteroideae by de Candolle (1836), in the Inuleae by Bentham (in Bentham & Hooker 1873), on the structure of the female florets; here they found a home for a while, but more recently they have been seen as members of the Anthemideae by Skvarla et al. (1977), on pollen evidence, or more generally in the Mutisieae since Leins (1971), who based his decision on pollen evidence. Grau (1980) studied the testa of T camphoratus L., as well as two Brachylaena species. He concluded that the genera should be placed in


It is an underlying principle of [this publication] that active efforts should be made to cultivate the latent bilingual potential within Australia's wider population and that this should be linked to major improvements in the quality of language teaching in schools. A combined approach of this kind will require investment in specialised preparation for language teachers, more time allocated to second language teaching in schools, and coordination of effort across school and post-schooling sectors. Section one describes the critical distinction between niche learning and mass learning of languages, and the current distribution of language competence throughout Australian society. The role of languages throughout the world is discussed, including the problem of the dominance of English. Section two traces the major ideologies and key social interests and voices that influenced thinking and policy making in languages education in Australia. Section three analyses the dynamic forces which contribute to the choice of languages provided in Australia and examines the research on how to teach and learn languages, including immersion education. Section four describes the Australian patterns of planning, implementation and provision of language education. Section five proposes several ways forward, but the focus is on improving quality of offerings, enhancing teacher education, encouraging student persistence and building a culture that expects high levels of achievement.


Although heterogeneity of depression hinders research and clinical practice, attempts to reduce it with latent variable models have yielded inconsistent results, probably because these techniques cannot account for all interacting sources of heterogeneity at the same time. Therefore, to simultaneously decompose depression heterogeneity on the person-, symptom and time-level, three-mode Principal Component Analysis (3MPCA) was applied to data of 219 Major Depression patients, who provided Beck Depression Inventory assessments every three months for two years. The resulting person-level components were correlated with external baseline clinical and demographic variables. The 3MPCA extracted two symptom-level components ('cognitive', 'somatic-affective'), two time-level components ('improving', 'persisting') and three person-level components, characterized by different interaction-patterns between the symptom- and time-components ('severe non-persisting', 'somatic depression' and 'cognitive depression'). This model explained 28% of the total variance and 65% when also incorporating the general trend in the data). Correlations with external variables illustrated the content differentiation between the person-components. Severe non-persisting depression was positively correlated with psychopathology (r=0.60) and negatively with quality of life (r=-0.50). Somatic depression was negatively correlated with physical functioning (r=-0.45). Cognitive depression was positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.38) and negatively with self-esteem (r=-0.47). In conclusion, 3MPCA decomposes depression into homogeneous entities, while accounting for the interactions between different sources of heterogeneity, which shows the utility of the technique to investigate the underlying structure of complex psychopathology data and could help future development of better empirical depression subtypes.


Mixtures containing steam, water, and solids develop when processing ore slurries at elevated temperature and pressure. Based on homogeneous one-dimensional three-phase flow theory equations are derived for pressure gradient, choking velocity, and sonic velocity of a steam-water-solids mixture flowing in a pipe. It is concluded that a quasichoking condition may occur when the flow changes from subcooled to flashing conditions.


Because of its role in regulating primary production over large parts of the ocean, recent decades have seen growing interest in the distributions and cycling of iron (Fe) in the ocean. Until relatively recently, however, the role of Fe input from hydrothermal vents was neglected, in part because of poor sampling of the abyssal ocean. Although new observational constraints have now led to the recognition of hydrothermal vents as an important route for Fe supply, a major outstanding question has been to assess the far field influence of hydrothermal Fe. In PNAS, Fitzsimmons et al. (1) highlight hydrothermal signals in the three profiles of dissolved Fe from the South Pacific Ocean, which imply long-range transport of hydrothermal Fe for hundreds to thousands of kilometers from source. As such, these results raise important questions of how to represent these processes in the global models that are required to assess the impact of different Fe sources on the ocean carbon cycle, including biological productivity and air–sea CO2 exchange (2).


GASP is an open source platform that conforms the
Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) v 1.0 specifications. It
is able to handle basic services for building and
handling interactions between players such as session
management, communications... GASP is
implemented in Java. It offers a server and a client
part. It is defined for MIDP and DOJA J2ME profiles.
GASP is demonstrated through Kouiz, a multiplayer
game for mobiles presented in the second part of this
paper. During solo phases of the game, the player
tries to breed animals called kouizs. The aim is to
improve their skills. With improved skills, kouizs
have better chances to win against challengers in the
multiplayer arena. In this mode kouizs can fight. This
paper ends by discussing our current results and what
we plan to do next with the gaming service platform
GASP.


An Information Retrieval System is a system that is capable of storage, retrieval, and maintenance of an Information. In this context Information can be composed of text (including numeric and date data), images, audio, video and other multi-media objects. The TF-IDF weight is a statistical measure used to evaluate how important a word is to a document in a collection or corpus. There exist various models for weighting terms of corpus documents and query terms. This work is carried out to analyze and evaluate the retrieval effectiveness of vector -- space model while using the new data set of FIRE 2011. The experiments were performed with TF-IDF and its variants. For all experiments and evaluation the open search engine, Terrier 3.5 was used. Our result shows that TF-IDF model gives the highest precision values with the new corpus dataset.


3Howard University, Cancer Center, 2041 Georgia Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20060, 12 email@example.com 13 4Meharry Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd, Jr. Boulevard, Nashville, 14 Tennessee 37208-3599, firstname.lastname@example.com 15 * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com; Tel.: +01-915-747-8288 16 17 18 Abstract: In response to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) All of Us Medicine Research 19 Initiative, the Precision Medicine Research (PreMeR) Diversity Consortium was formed by four 20 institutions from the Research Centers in Minority Institutions (RCMI) Translational Research 21 Network (RTRN). This synergistic approach proposed evidence-based, best practices used by 22 experienced researchers to engage, recruit and retain diverse populations in the All of Us initiative. 23 Conceptualization of the proposed approach was aided by social influence theories to better 24 understand how people's beliefs and opinions should be modified to affect change leading to 25 action [1]. The Social-Ecological Model (SEM), for Health Promotion [2], from Stokols [1] and 26 Community-Based Participatory (CBPR) Models[3],[4] guided proposed engagement, recruitment, 27 and retention strategies contextualized with the individual, interpersonal, organizational, 28 community, and policy spheres of influence. The PreMeR produced a partnership to evaluate and 29 improve the effectiveness of current engagement, recruitment, and retention strategies for minority 30 participation in scientific studies. This approach illustrates the need to incorporate multiple methods 31 of engagement to reach a diverse audience to participate in scientific research. Engagement, 32 recruitment, and retention strategies in community and biomedical research must be viewed as 33 community engaged public health interventions, utilizing the same theoretical principles and 34 approaches. 35


Hybrid structures based on integration of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with optical resonators have recently earned significant attention. The enhanced interaction of light with 2D materials in such hybrid structures can enable devices such as efficient light-emitting diodes and lasers. However, one of the factors affecting the performance of such devices is the effect of the optically induced heat on the optoelectronic properties of the 2D materials. In this study, we systematically investigate principal roots of heat generation in hybrid cavity-coupled few-atomic-layer-thick 2D TMDC films under optical pumping. The optical resonator exploited here is a Fabry–Perot (FP) resonator, which can enhance the light–MoS2 interaction by a significant factor of 60 at its resonance wavelength. We have combined an accurate theoretical modeling with experimental Raman spectroscopy to determine the roots of heat generation in MoS2 films integrated with FP resonators. Our investigations...


The course of synthesis of dihydrofolate reductase (5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:NADP oxidoreductase, EC 22.214.171.124) was followed in synchronized yeast cells in the presence of 2,3,5-trisethyleneimino-1,4-benzoquinone (Trenimon®) as an inhibitor of DNA replication. The following dependency was found between stages of DNA-synthesis and the time course of enzyme formation: whereas in the absence of the inhibitor, enzyme synthesis takes place in a discontinuous, stepwise fashion during one generation cycle [7], after inhibition of DNA replication by 0.01 mg/ml Trenimon, synthesis sets in at the normal interval. However, its increase is continuous and almost linear; or exponential, following the pattern of the synthesis of RNA and total protein. A regulatory mechanism is envisaged in which the synthesis of dihydrofolacte reductase is influenced solely by the replication of DNA and independent on metabolites of the enzyme. On the other hand, the level of free thymine-derivatives increases two-fold in the Trenimon-inhibited cells, although the overall synthesis of thymine is greatly retarded. This is probably due to regulation of thymine synthesis by the end-product of the reaction chain.


The invention discloses an antitumor isoliquiritigenin tablet. The isoliquiritigenin is used as an effective component to prepare antitumor tablet. The antitumor isoliquiritigenin tablet contains isoliquiritigenin, filler, adhesive, disintegrant, wetting agen and lubricant, which are proportioned according to a certain proportion. The formula is reasonable and the use is convenient. The drug combination prepared in the method has good antitumor function, good treating effects and low side effects.


Political economic analysis focusing on how understand the economic paradigm which substantially describes the growth and equity linked with the political paradigm that describes the achievement and the distribution of power.Dialectic theory has spawned a strong influence in the development of science,especially political economic approach in influencing state policy,as output in overcoming the various problems facing the country,including strategic issues.One application of the new political economic,especially by public choice perspective is the study Samuel L. Popkin who want to bridge the thinking of neoclassical economists to be applied innonmarket contexts


The first total synthesis of (+)-squamotacin, 1, which has shown cytotoxic selectivity for the human prostate tumor cell line, was achieved in 27 steps and 0.83% yield starting with (+)-muricatacin, 4. All asymmetric centers in the bistetrahydrofuran fragment of the molecules were produced by the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation (AD) and the asymmetric epoxidation (AE) reactions.


Introduction: Multi-shot 3DEPI[1] sequence is a recently introduced alternative to the standard 2DEPI sequence for fMRI studies. An important advantage of 3DEPI is the ability to accelerate effectively in the 3D slice encoding direction, which directly reduces the scan time. In this work we evaluated the temporal performance of three acceleration techniques applied to multi-shot 3D EPI for fMRI. In particular we implemented a multi-shot sequence accelerated by GRAPPA[2], UNFOLD[3], and a combination of UNFOLD and GRAPPA, all along the slice encoding direction. We show results from a phantom experiment and an in-vivo fMRI study that compares the accelerated sequences to full 3DEPI acquisition in terms of temporal SNR, temporal artifacts, and functional sensitivity. Methods: Experiments were performed with an 8-channel InVivo head coil on a 3T GE SIGNA scanner with gradient constraints Gmax=40mT/m, slew rate S=140T/ms. For all experiments the FOV was 192x192x150mm with 64x64x50 matrix, 3mm isotropic resolution. A spatial-spectral 2D RF pulse with a 15 angle was used to excite the whole FOV at each TR, and readout bandwidth was 100kHz. For all the datasets the kx-ky plane (64x64) was fully sampled with an echo train length of 64 with an echo time of 30ms, resulting in a 60ms TR. Sagittal orientation was chosen to accommodate GRAPPA for the 8-channel coil configuration. Four different acquisitions were performed with the following parameters (for matrix size and scan time see Table 1): a) Full k-space coverage, b) GRAPPA applied along the slice encoding direction with an acceleration factor of 2 and 6 reference slices, c) UNFOLD applied along the 3D encoding direction with an acceleration factor of 2, d) Both UNFOLD and GRAPPA applied along the z direction, with a combined acceleration factor of 4 with 6 reference slices. fMRI Paradigm: A visuospatial-motor task was tested where subjects (N=3) were exposed to visual quadrants with high-contrast random noise patterns with a finger tapping response in the left and in the right hand when the stimulus appeared in the upper left and lower right quadrant respectively. Block length of stimulus quadrants was between 5s and 15s. Total scan time was 3 minutes for all experiments; accelerated experiments had improved temporal resolution. Data Processing: All images were reconstructed off-line using published UNFOLD and GRAPPA implementations [4]. A low-pass filter with a cut-off at 92% of the full frequency band was used for UNFOLD. Drifts in signal magnitude were corrected and images were realigned before tSNR measurements, calculated for each voxel, as the voxel mean over time divided by the standard deviation. For fMRI studies all images were realigned and smoothed with a 6 mm wide kernel. All analysis was performed with SPM8. For the visuospatial-motor task, T-scores were kept at p<0.001 uncorrected.


This work analyses two school textbooks written in the end of XIX century and related to the teaching of composition in Portuguese Language. These books are Exercicios de Estylo, from Felisberto de Carvalho, published in 1885, and Livro de Composição para o Curso Complementar das Escolas Primárias, from Olavo Bilac and Manoel Bonfim, published in 1899. The chapter one discusses the books of composition as a subject within the area of studies of the teaching of Portuguese Language and presents the questions that motivate the analyses of the chosen books. The chapter two brings general information about the first steps on the process of Brazilian school's organization, from the 16. century to the 19. century. The chapter three discusses Exercicios de Estylo, focusing on its structure, subjects suggested to the writing of compositions by students and linguistic questions presented in the book. The chapter four studies Livro de Composição para o Curso Complementar das Escolas Primárias, focusing on the same points that were observed in Exercicios de Estylo. Finally, the chapter five suggests conclusions that the analysis of the books pointed for,


Abstract This study was designed to determine the effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) supplementation in the drinking water on growth performance, hematological parameters, plasma triiodothyronine and malondialdeyde, superoxide dismutase, and rectal temperature of broiler chickens under a hot‐humid tropical climate. Two hundred and forty Arbor acre broiler chickens were used for this experiment and were allotted to four treatments comprising four replicates of 15 birds each. The birds were offered OLE per liter of water at various levels (0, 5, 10, or 15 mL) in a completely randomized design. Rectal temperature (RT), hematological indices, weight, weight gains, feed consumed, feed conversion ratio, and plasma triiodothyronine (T3) were the parameters measured. The results obtained showed that the plasma T3 of the birds offered 15 mL OLE was higher (P < 0.05) than those of the birds in the other treatment groups. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the feed intake (DFI), total feed intake (TFI), final weight (FW), total weight gain (TWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among treatments. The DFI, TFI, FW, TWG, and FCR of broilers offered 15 mL OLE were significantly (P < 0.05) better than those offered the 10 mL and 5 mL levels. It was concluded that inclusion of 15 mL of OLE enhanced the performance of broiler chickens during the hot dry season.


Don't know the composer, performer, or title? Let the system match the theme you know to the song you want.


Objective: To research the therapeutic effect and operative value of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis. Methods: The clinical data of 98 patients who suffered from acute cholecystitis and underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were retrospectively analyzed. There were 65 males and 33 females,time of onset was 9 h-5 d. 4-port method was used. Results:Nine patients were converted to laparotomy,the conversion rate was 9. 2%. The operative time was 25-150 min. No complications occurred,all patients recovered well and were discharged from hospital. The postoperative pathological results were 55 cases of acute simple cholecystitis,32 cases of purulent cholecystitis and 11 cases of gangrenous cholecystitis. 85 patients were followed up for 3-36 months,no serious complications were found. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages for benign gallbladder diseases,such as little trauma,small scar and quick recovery. Patients with acute cholecystitis should positively choose operation,especially retrograde resection,the operation is safe and reliable,suitable for patients with onset≤72 h. For patients with longer time of onset,surgeons should comprehensively evaluate and analyze according to patients' reality and operators' experience.


Chronic Subdural Hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of intracranial hemorrhage, and the prognosis is good if treated properly. The standard treatment for CSDH is surgical evacuation. Various surgical procedures are used such as burr holes evacuation, twist-drill craniostomy, and craniotomy. Our aim is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of twist dill as a first-choice treatment in evacuation of CSDH in comorbid patients. Methods: This study is a prospective analysis of CSDH evacuation using two twist drill craniostomy holes and irrigation conducted on 21 patients with different comorbidities in Assuit University Hospital between May 2017 and May 2018. Results: The overall postoperative clinical improvement was 95.2%. The operative time was less than 10 minutes in 71.4% of the patients. 4 patients showed residual collection in the post-operative CT (19%). Pneumocephaly was detected in 2 patients (9.5%). Postoperative seizures occurred in 2 patients (9.5%), and subarachnoid hemorrhage was detected in one patient (4.7%). Conclusion: This approach is a new modification of twist drill craniostomy which can decrease the postoperative residual and recurrence rates and also still a minimally invasive and lifesaving technique in patients with different comorbidities.