The utility model discloses a soft tube which is suitable to packaging paste objects, comprising a tube body, a tube head and tube cap. A hollow device is arranged in the tube head or the tube cap, the number of outlets can be increased in order to form the outlets with letter or number marked shapes, so the extruding object can be uniformly distributed. The utility model is convenient in use, which can increase people's use interests.


Many are familiar with the term achievement gap, and most educators can agree on the conditions that are making this achievement gap a reality. Poor and minority students, especially those attending urban schools, are not receiving the education they deserve due to high teacher turnover, lack of teacher control, and a need for curriculum that accommodates student diversity (Chou & Tozer, 2008). As knowledgeable as people are, however, about the failures of schools to support learning for these students, little has been decided on how to rectify these problems. One way to find answers is by closely examining schools and educational models that do work with this population. In Improving urban middle schools: Lessons from the Nativity Schools, Mickey Fenzel presents his findings from a year-long examination of Nativity schools serving urban students. Fenzel uses a variety of sources such as teacher, student, and administrator interviews; surveys; achievement test scores; and classroom observations to fully portray the schools using the Nativity model. Further, he examines the impact of the Nativity model on student achievement. This book would be appropriate for both those who wish to start their own Nativity schools and college classes focused on urban education. This book has eight chapters with a foreword written by Dr. Peter Murrell. In Chapter 1, ''The Current State of Urban Middle Schools,'' Fenzel presents the plight of the urban student. These adolescents often learn from watered-down curriculum that leaves them unable to meet the demands of competency examinations they need to pass to graduate. Fenzel reports that teachers in urban schools often hold low expectations of their students and fail to modify their teaching styles to match the multicultural nature of the students in their classrooms. These conditions often cause students to disengage from school, as indicated by poor attendance, behavior, and course performance. This disengagement from middle school is a strong predictor of whether students will drop out of high school (Balfanz, Herzog, & MacIver, 2007).


MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogelaous non-coding RNAs composed of 18-25 nucleotides, and they may play a role in gene regulation through completely or partially binding to target gene mRNA complementary sequences and make it degrade or prevent its translation, miRNAs play important roles in the onset and pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the roles of miRNAs in the etiology of ischemic stroke and patho-physiological mechanisms after stroke, and the potential application of miRNAs is prospected.

Key words:
MicroRNAs;  Brain ischemia;  Stroke;  Neuroprotective agents


Two 1− levels at 5.35(10) and 6.85(5) MeV were observed for the first time in 20O. The strong direct excitation and subsequent γ -ray decay of these states in virtual photon scattering at 100 MeV /nucleon, along withB(Eλ) predictions for 20O states in this energy region, established their dipole character. The extracted B(E1)↑ values of 0.062(16) e2 fm2 and 0.035(9) e2 fm2 for the 5.35 and 6.85 MeV states, respectively, are significantly larger than shell model calculations predict. Such large dipole strengths are not observed for low-lying 1 − states in18O, indicating a shift of dipole strength towards lower energies as one approaches the neutron drip-line.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Calculation on electrical structure of SnO2(110) surface of(1×1) and(2×1) symmetry with first principle DFT(density functional theory) is performed.The effect of O vacancies on surface electronic structure and future adsorption is emphasized.Due to the exist of the O vacancies,the surface state originating from the electron left by the removal of oxygen appeared at the band gap,these electrons located on the top of tin atoms and O vacancies,and the orbitals associating with these electrons were considered to be the potential site where adsorption would take place.


Abstract The occasion of the 1971 International Solar Energy Society Conference, held at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) at Greenbelt, Maryland, U.S.A., was used to organize an international comparison of standard pyranometers. Some of the main results from this inter-comparison are presented here.


We are concerned with the existence of a normal measure concentrating on the w-closed unbounded sets. We strengthen the known result that the axiom of choice implies no such measure exists. It is shown that the existence of these measures is consistent (relative to a large cardinal). In particular, M2 may admit exactly two normal measures: one which contains the o-closed unbounded sets and the other, the MI-closed unbounded sets. This property of M2 is a well-known consequence of AD. A well-known consequence of the axiom of determinacy (AD) is that $2 iS a measurable cardinal having exactly two normal measures [2]. One of the normal measures is generated by the collection of c-closed unbounded sets, and the other is generated by the MI-closed unbounded sets. One might ask if the consistency of this property follows from a set theoretic assumption which is less suspect than AD. Of particular interest is the existence of a normal measure which contains all c-closed unbounded sets. We exclude the degenerate case where the cardinal in question is $1. There the o-closed sets coincide with the closed sets, so that every normal measure on MI contains the c-closed unbounded filter. In ? 1, we observe that the existence of such a normal measure implies a particular partition relation holds. We then show that the partition is inconsistent with the axiom of choice. In ?2 is proved the consistency, relative to a large cardinal, of the existence of an inaccessible cardinal K having exactly two normal measures, one of which contains the c-closed unbounded sets. The large cardinal required is a measurable cardinal which has a normal measure concentrating on measurables. The techniques of ?2 can be modified to obtain a model where the following assertion is true: ".2 has exactly two normal measures, one of which contains all c-closed unbounded sets and the other contains the MI-closed unbounded sets." Received by the editors January 13, 1976 and, in revised form, June 23, 1977. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 02K05, 02K35, 04A20. 'Research supported by NSF Grants MCS76-5525 and 7610430. ? 1979 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/79/0000-0008/$05.00


The removal of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution by adsorption on cholestyramine resin was evaluated by batch mode. The experiments were performed as a function of initial dye concentration, stirring rate, ionic strength, adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature. Adsorption process was attained to the equilibrium within 40 minutes. The adsorption capacity of MO increased with increasing initial dye concentration, stirring rate, and decreased with increasing ionic strength, pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and fitted well to Langmuir model with a value of adsorption capacity of (Q o ) 200 mg/g of MO. The effect of temperature on removal capacity was examined and was found to be an exothermic process. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in free energy (∆ G ), enthalpy (∆ H ) and entropy (∆ S ) were determined. Δ H value was -17.85 kJ/mol confirming that adsorption was mainly physisorption. The negative values of ΔG reflected the spontaneous nature of adsorption process and the negative values of entropy change Δ S (-103.2 J/mol) imply an increase of randomness at the solid–solution interface through the adsorption at low temperatures.


The invention relates to a security element for a security paper, value document or the like, having a carrier comprising a motif region (3) that provides a visually perceptible design with a first and a second pattern part (4, 5), wherein the design area (3) a first micro-optic displaying means (11), the viewing-angle-dependent presents at least two different images as the first part of the subject, and a second micro-optical representation assembly (17), which presents a second pattern part (5) a reflective surface which is opposite to the actual macroscopic three-dimensional shape of the second micro-optical display means (17) arched appears.


In this paper, pulse laser cleaning and angle grinder polishing were used to clean the surface rust of carbon steel, and the cleaning effects of different cleaning methods for carbon steel surface rust were studied. The change of the micro-region morphology and element composition of the cleaned surface was analyzed. Comparative experiments were conducted on the corrosion resistance and paint anticorrosion ability of cleaned metal surfaces. Through comparison and analysis, the use of laser cleaning technology can improve the surface cleanliness and corrosion resistance of metals, reduce maintenance times, and extend service life. Laser cleaning machines with a power of 100 W or above can effectively perform precision cleaning and can be widely promoted in the field of power systems.


This new stevia sweetener has "a taste profile closer to sugar, high solubility for use in concentrates, high stability, and a price competitive to sugar," the company says.


The efficacy of therapy for patients with chronic heart failure, a new combination drug valsartan/sacubitrile according to the levels of biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP was evaluated. In all patients of the study group, valsartan/sacubitrile therapy improved the NYHA functional class, in the control group - only in 75%. The dynamics of indicators of biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP coincided with the improvement of the clinical status of patients against the background of therapy, and to a greater extent this trend reflects the indicator NT-proBNP.


espanolDirective 2017/1371 – European criminal law – harmonization of limitation periods – Taricco – legal certainty – Art. 325 TFEU EnglishThis Insight focuses on a – apparently overlooked – passage of the decision M.A.S and M.B. (judgment of 5 December 2017, case C-42/17 [GC], or Taricco II), referring to the Directive 2017/1371. The Court of Justice seemingly assumes that the Directive imposes to the Member States to consider criminal limitations as having procedural nature. In the view of the Author, this interpretation is at variance with the text of the Directive and inconsistent with its broad logic. Nonetheless, a more thoroughly consideration of the Directive could have permitted to avoid a dramatic conflict between the Court of Justice and the Italian Constitutional Court, which ultimately led the latter Court to set aside the ruling of the former in Taricco (judgment of 8 September 2015, case C-105/14, Taricco et al. [GC]).


who (like Shamil Basaev, killed in 2006) stand in opposition to the Naqshbandiyya, can use the same terminology as Shamil did (as correctly observed on P. 241). These simplifications notwithstanding, King's book is extremely welcome for his consistent attempt to understand identities in the Caucasus as constructed and "relational" (P. 15); "in an environment in which cultural exchange was the norm," even the lines between imperialist and native can sometimes be indistinct (P. 42). This insight is true not only for the nineteenth century but also for our times: "In the Caucasus, the real story of the late twentieth century is not about deep-rooted sentiments of ethnicity or ancient grievances but about the ways in which personal ambition, structural incentives, and the simple presence of sufficient quantities of guns led to bloody conflict" (P. 212). Nadieszda KIZENKO


The paper introduced concepts of cloud computing and Internet of Things,analyzed inevitability and combination mode of the cloud computing and the Internet of Things.It proposed architecture of the Internet of Things based on cloud computing and studied security threats of the Internet of Things based on the cloud computing and gave corresponding security solution including how to construct trusted environment for the Internet of Things and how to protect data security in the cloud of the Internet of Things.It pointed out technical difficulties of the security research and research status of the Internet of Things based on the cloud computing.


SUMMARY The importance of dormant buried seeds of understorey species of the wet sclerophyll forests of northern N.S.W. is discussed in relation to their germination ability following fire or mechanical or chemical abrasion. The optimum temperatures for germination were determined for the more common species. The intensity and frequency of burning was shown to affect the species composition of the regeneration very significantly.


Abstract Weight and length data collected during the summers from 1984 through 1994 were used to examine the seasonal life history strategy of Arctic ciscoes Coregonus autumnalis collected from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Differences in observed and predicted weight were used to determine if condition increases during the summer feeding season when energy reserves are accumulated and decreases during winter when energy reserves are depleted. Data from proximate body analyses of lipid and protein content collected from 1991 to 1993 also were examined. Condition was indexed as residual values generated from a whole population least-squares regression of log e -transformed weight and length data. For data pooled by individual year-classes, we tested the conceptual hypothesis that mean residual value, mean lipid content, and mean protein content increased during summer and decreased during winter. For the 12 year-classes examined, concurrent mean residual values supported our conceptual hypothesis in 61 of 76 instan...


Torrey and Yolken raise two concerns about our study (Solmi et al. 2017). The first relates to the use of psychotic experiences, as opposed to diagnosed schizophrenia, as the outcome for our analyses. They suggested that this approach could be over-inclusive and result in adilution of the association between the exposure and the outcome. We agree with Torrey and Yolken that psychotic experiences and schizophrenia are different outcomes andwe acknowledged this issue in our study as a potential limitation. Adolescentswho report psychotic experiences are, nevertheless, at increased risk of developing psychosis and other psychopathology later in life (Fisher et al. 2013). In this cohort, they have also been shown to share a number of features and risk factors that are typically observed in individuals with schizophrenia [e.g. lower IQ (Horwood et al. 2008); impaired social cognition (Sullivan et al. 2017); higher residential mobility (Singh et al. 2014) and neighbourhood deprivation (Solmi et al. in press)]. We therefore hypothesised that, if a link between cat ownership and schizophrenia existed, we would have found this association with broadly-defined phenotypical presentations of psychosis, as we do with these other risk factors. The second concern related to our choice of confounders. Torrey and Yolken argue that the statistically significant association which we reported between cat ownership in childhood and psychotic experiences at age 13 years in univariable analyses was artificially removed by inappropriate adjustment for variables (i.e. indicators of socioeconomic status) which lie on the causal pathway between our exposure (cat ownership) and our outcome (psychotic experiences). Adjustment for confounding is necessary to take account of alternative potential explanations for an observed association. We do not believe socioeconomic status lies on the causal pathway between cat ownership and psychotic experiences, since that would imply that owning a cat leads to lower socioeconomic status, which, in turn, causes psychotic experiences. Different socioeconomic backgrounds might, however, be associated with different patterns of cat ownership, and are also known to be associatedwith psychosis [with higher rates of the latter inmoredeprived settings (Morgan et al. 2008)], thus providing theoretical support for our use of socioeconomic status as a confounder (our full causal model is presented in online Supplementary Figs S1 and S2). Torrey and Yolken's proposal that low socioeconomic status might lead to increased exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in faeces compared with those of higher socioeconomic status implies effectmodification. We thank Torrey and Yolken for their interest in our paper, and hope that our reply clarifies these issues.


Purpose: We conducted a study to assess the efficacy of intraoral treatment of mandibular fractures using a 2.0-mm miniplate and 2 weeks of maxillomandibular fixation (MMF). Patients and Methods: Forty-four mandible fractures in 31 patients with a mean of 15 days of MMF were included in this study. A 2.0-mm miniplate was adapted along Champy's lines of ideal osteosynthesis and secured with four 8.0-mm monocortical screws. All patients were followed for at least 8 weeks after surgery. The incidences of bone or soft tissue infections, wound dehiscence, nonunion, malunion, malocclusion, plate fractures, and iatrogenic neurosensory deficits were prospectively evaluated. Results: Primary bone healing was achieved in 100% of cases. No soft or hard tissue infection, malocclusion, malunion, nonunion, dental injuries, plate fracture, or iatrogenic nerve injuries were observed. Two (4.52%) minor complications—intraoral wound dehiscences—were noted. Conclusions: The use of a single 2.0-mm miniplate adapted along Champy's line of ideal osteosynthesis and stabilized with 4 monocortical screws plus 2 weeks of MMF was a viable treatment modality for mandibular fractures. © 2002 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:167-170, 2002


A nondestructive estimation of the thickness of a uniform overlayer has been investigated using x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), which is an application of Tougaard's formalism. It has been shown that it is possible to estimate the thickness of an overlayer existing on a semi‐infinite underlayer, by measuring the ratios of the peak area to the background signal on the high binding energy side of a photoelectron peak produced by an element existing in an underlayer before and after removing the overlayer. Especially when the inelastic mean free path of a photoelectron in an overlayer and an underlayer can be approximated equal, the relation between those ratios and the overlayer thickness is expressed in a very simple mathematical form. This method has been applied to various thickness of a‐Si:H overlayers on SiNx formed by plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. A good linear correlation has been obtained between the thickness estimated by this method and that estimated from the deposition time, and thus the validity of this method has been shown.A nondestructive estimation of the thickness of a uniform overlayer has been investigated using x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), which is an application of Tougaard's formalism. It has been shown that it is possible to estimate the thickness of an overlayer existing on a semi‐infinite underlayer, by measuring the ratios of the peak area to the background signal on the high binding energy side of a photoelectron peak produced by an element existing in an underlayer before and after removing the overlayer. Especially when the inelastic mean free path of a photoelectron in an overlayer and an underlayer can be approximated equal, the relation between those ratios and the overlayer thickness is expressed in a very simple mathematical form. This method has been applied to various thickness of a‐Si:H overlayers on SiNx formed by plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. A good linear correlation has been obtained between the thickness estimated by this method and that estimated from the deposition t...


In this letter we propose for the first time to map the heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies, similar to the maps of the cosmic microwave background radiation, using fluctuations of energy density and temperature in small phase space bins. We study the evolution of fluctuations at each stage of the collision using an event-by-event hydrodynamic framework. We demonstrate the feasibility of making fluctuation maps from experimental data and its usefulness in extracting considerable information regarding the early stages of the collision and its evolution.


The plastic art of Shaman refers to the imagery arts in the process of the witchery rite of the minority,including the mask,costume,consecrated god,musical instrument,worship implement,sacrificial altar,oblation,as well as applied symbol-script.The art,though in the material form,reveals the spiritual culture of the minority.It is a material symbol,which is brimming with the poetic wisdom of Shaman,expanded from the limited human world to the infinite god world.It is also a means that Shaman communicates between the human and god.Shaman is the creator of the will expression.


SXP 1062, a newly discovered Be/X-ray binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud, provides the first example of a robust association with a supernova remnant (SNR). The short age estimated for the SNR qualifies SXP 1062 as the youngest known source in its class, ~ 10^4 yr. Here we discuss possible evolutionary scenarios for SXP 1062 in the attempt to reconcile its long spin period, P=1062 s, and short age. Our results indicate that SXP 1062 may host a neutron star born with a large initial magnetic field, typically in excess of ~ 10^14 G, which then decayed to ~ 10^13 G.


In addition to strong translational science components, both the cost (health economics) and toxicity of these agents must be considered in developing strategies to define and refine the use of these agents. With chronic therapies the impact of toxicities on compliance and quality of life must be priorities in study design. The short patent life of everolimus may impact on resources for development of this agent. The ATLAS study provides additional information in favour of extended duration adjuvant endocrine therapy. We will need to develop algorithms and guidelines about threshold risks for clinical recommendations on deployment of such therapy. Hopefully molecular prognosticators will in the future prove helpful here. We must consider how we manage the decade of therapy, assure compliance, and deal with the attendant economic, logistic and workforce issues – both the patient and the clinician age by a decade. Fulvestrant at 500 mg appears a useful option in the niche clinical setting of repeated endocrine responsive metastatic disease, but this may remain a small boutique therapy in the light of the emerging data on other agents.


We present a mathematical construction of n-dimensional quasicrystals by starting from its symmetry group, an arbitrary finite group, and from its local structure described by using a finite union of orbits of G, called a G-cluster: namely, we construct the periodization space, the G-invariant lattice, the decomposition into the physical and internal space in a canonical way. Using a strip-and-projection method we obtain quasiperiodic patterns corresponding to various generic local structures.


For the economical operation of pulverized-coal firing power plants, several technologies on combustion control were demonstrated at the Saijo Power Station No. 2 unit, 250MW pulverized-coal firing boiler. They are the combustion optimization to improve the combustion efficiency using the combustion diagnostic system for individual burner named FISS, Fiber Integrated Spectral-analysis System, the combustion modification for the utilization of fly ash, and the Wide Range Pulverized Coal Burner (WRB) a high turndown pulverized-coal burner, to realize a low load operation and a smooth load change during pulverized coal combustion. From the results of the demonstration tests, it was confirmed that those activities were very effective to operate pulverized-coal firing power plants economically.


The harmonious beauty is the common pursuit of the art realm both in Chinese and Western art creations;however,there are many differences on the understanding and pursuit of harmony between Chinese and Western artists.Chinese artists emphasize the connotation of harmony favorites,while Western artists emphasize the connotation of harmony favorites,while Western artists overweight the form of harmony,especially the same with geometric theorem harmony.Chinese people focus on the mind and the level of awareness of the pursuit,while Western people pay more attention to the objective and mathematical beauty,such as the proportion of well proportioned,color match etc.


We propose to use the bi-Maxwellian electron distribution function (EDF) to describe the characteristics of the electron gas in the ionosphere. Such EDF allows one to simulate almost all EDFs found in practice by changing the ratio between the temperatures and densities of two groups of electrons. As a result, this made it possible to obtain simple analytical formulas for calculating the heating of Maxwellian thermal electrons by fast ones. It is shown that the linearized representation of the interelectron collision integral obtained for a one-temperature EDF is not suitable for calculating the heating of electrons in a two-temperature EDF.


A frequency domain decomposition method is formulated to extract modal information of multi-degree-of-freedom systems. Previously, state-variable modal decomposition (SVMD), smooth orthogonal decomposition (SOD), and also proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), have used time domain signals for modal decomposition. Analysis shows that similar formulas can be obtained in the frequency domain, with eigenvalues as the resonance frequencies, and the eigenvectors as the inverse of the linear normal modes (LNMs). The method can be expressed in symmetric or non-symmetric eigenvalue problem format. The symmetric format resembles SOD in the frequency domain, while the non-symmetric method is similar to SVMD. One of the advantages of a frequency-domain method is that signals can be divided into frequency segments to find out the existence of natural frequencies and normal modes within a limited frequency range, such that the noise influence can be reduced. Furthermore, the obtained eigenvectors can be used to check if they actually are normal modes or noises. The method was examined by a six degree-of-freedom mass-spring system under free vibration and random excitation conditions.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Introduction: The nurses' role within nursing care of tuberculosis patients in hospitals is  very important. Nurses problem are preparing nursing interventions in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis rarely use the standard Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). Independent nursing interventions are not in accordance with the diagnoses established by nurses, so the impact on the implementation needed by patients is not in accordance with the problems occured. Collaborative intervention is mostly carried out by nurses compared to independent intervention. Nurses must arrange nursing interventions based on the standard of nursing diagnoses that are enforced. The objective study was to describe the interventions compiled by nurses at the hospital.Methods: Research design was qualitative research with observational approach. Sample was 100 nurse's documentastions  of  pulmonary tuberculosis patient  in TB MDR ward. Data analysis used language and text analysis with content analysis. Results: The results research was the highest 10 interventions written by nurses is intervention about observe general condition of patient was 83 times, collaboration with  doctor's therapy was 54 times, give comfort position was 54 times, give therapy was 47 times, check vital signs regulerly was 40 times, give oxigen was 34 times, advise to bedrest was 30 times, teach  to effective cough was 25 times, Give position semi fowler was 15% times, and teach to deep breath was 15 times. Conclusion: Nurses must improve their skills and knowledge in preparing treatment plans, because the interventions that have been prepared have not been optimal for dealing with patient problems in hospitals. Interventions to improve patient knowledge and abilities in the management of the disease are important to give to patients.


Patient-controlled analgesia for pain management following orthopedic surgery was evaluated subjectively by 30 patients and objectively by doctors.The thirty patients received postoperative epidural blocks with 1% mepivacaine. 53% of the patients experienced only mild pain or no pain with the PCA device.The other 47% of the patients required more or less the same amount of NSAIDs as did the controlled group. This proved that patient-controlled analgesia was superior to another type of pain management.


Parametric Design has aroused the innovation in the architectural form creation, space conception and technology conception as a sort of new thinking mode. Coming along with this situation, architectural aesthetics has already started a new step in the influence of parametric design. Using the basic principles of philosophy, aesthetics, information technology, from the Multidimensional Vision systems theory, information theory, behaviour psychology, philosophical thinking and logical induction dual perspective of parametric architectural beauty philosophical connotation, aesthetic principles, aesthetic value and artistic regularity analysis, so as to construct a theoretical framework parameterized Aesthetics. Proposed integrity and process, interaction with equality and pluralism and individuality is an important aesthetic value principle parametric architectural aesthetics. And from complex parametric building phenomenon, summed parametric architectural aesthetics content evolution include: aesthetic dimension in the form of expansion of the connotation of spatial variation in the type of aesthetic and technical aesthetics extend and so on. Expanding the creative vision of today's architectural and aesthetic theory could provide new ways of thinking, and provide a theoretical basis for aesthetic parametric building program evaluation.


Dynamic strength was calculated by dynamic triaxial test and parameter-fitted method, and improved soft rock can fill the bridge approach embankment using permitted dynamic strength as a standard to judge. Based on weak variational form of the equilibrium equations for the transitional section in D'Alembert method and whole Lagrangian form, an analysis model of semi-infinite tri-dimensional spatial finite elements was founded for the bridge approach embankment system, the longitudinal dynamic and time varying characteristics of the system at different train speeds were further analyzed, and this results were close to actual measure results, which approves the correctness of the model. The results show that under the train load, the fluctuant range of vertical vibrating displacement is from 0.05 mm to 0.35 mm and less than the controlling value. The fluctuant range of vertical vibrating elastic strain is less than 3×10-5 and the embankment is in the state of small deformation. The fluctuant range of vertical vibrating stress is from 15.5 kPa to 19.5 kPa, and it is far below the dynamic strength of improved soft rock. Based on a comprehensive analysis, it is more rational to adopt rigid transition in this section, and improved soft rock with 5% cement can fill the bridge approach embankment.


"Introduction. Globally, there is a growing prevalence of overweight and obesity in both developing and developed countries. Until recently, it was perceived that obesity mainly affects middle-aged adults. However, there is a growing trend towards obesity among young adults, especially university students. Objective. This study aims to assess the overweight and obesity prevalence and its related factors in a random sample of students selected from 10 faculties of "Babeș-Bolyai" University. Methods. This transverse study included a self-administered questionnaire and gathered anthropometric measurements. The population subject of study consisted in 1430 students, of which 694 (48,5%) men and 736 (51,5%) women, aged between 20 and 25 years, (69,4%) from urban environment and (30,6%) from rural environment. The body mass index (BMI) has been used for assessing the weight. Results. Amongst women, 64,4% had normal weight, 18,9% were overweight and 5,8% were obese, while amongst men 62,1% had normal weight, 14,1% were overweight and 5,2% were obese. Generally speaking 22% of participants were overweight or obese (24,7% women and 19,3% men). In multivariate regression in younger men coming from a region with higher incomes, conscientiously avoiding fats, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical inactivity and in older women coming from a region with higher incomes, avoiding fats consumption, cholesterol and post-traumatic stress symptoms have been associated to overweight or obesity. Concluzions. The study found a high prevalence of overweight / obesity among university students. Several gender-specific health risk practices that can be used in health promotion programs have been identified. Key words: obesity, overweight, physical inactivity "


Database containing the results of measurements of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) for the period of 2011 to 2022 in transformer neutrals at three 330 kV substations of the main power transmission lines "Northern Transit" passing through the territory of the Republic of Karelia, Murmansk and Leningrad regions has been created and is publicly available. The GIC value depends on the geoelectric field magnitude in the Earth surface, on the relative position of the substations to which the power transmission lines are connected, and on the resistance of electrical network elements. Important factors are the electrical network branching, which determines paths of induced current spreading, and the network topology at the time of monitoring data acquisition. We describe the structure and principles of functioning of the Russian unique regional monitoring system of geomagnetically induced currents in the electrical network. We demonstrate the features of the data contained in the GIC database, which must be taken into account when processing and analyzing the data. Examples of using the GIC database for energy and geophysical studies are given. The work performed on the organization of continuous monitoring of GIC at substations of the main power transmission line in the Arctic zone has no analogues in the Russian Federation and provides extensive original material that allows us to study geomagnetic disturbances and their impact on electrical networks. The database is available at [http://gic.en51.ru].


The use of natural resources for sustainable development is becoming a relevant issue in modern societies. In particular, building materials composed of local soil or available residues are considered sustainable solutions for housing construction in relatively small urban areas. In the present work a preliminary study was conducted on a typical soil in the municipal area of Miracema, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study comprised the characterization of the particle size distribution and particle density of the soil. In addition, the application of the soil by combining with Portland cement was investigated to produce concrete blocks specified as soil-cement bricks by the Brazilian norm. The results indicated that a trace of 14 parts of soil, 6 parts of local gravel and 4 parts of cement/water produced concrete blocks that comply with the compression strength specified by the norm.


The province of Condorcanqui is located in the department of Amazonas, north-east of Peru,
having been constituted in the year 1984. It has a territorial extension of 17,865.39 km2,
which constitutes 45.5% of the Amazonas territory and is divided into three districts, with a
total population of 54,949 people, for the year 2015 (INEI, 2009). It is characterized by
having few means of communication, without any paved road; besides not having tourist
infrastructure or telecommunication, which has limited the development of the province,
where the inhabitants focus on producing goods with little added value. Faced with this
reality, the present strategic planning is created, following the Sequential Model, which is a
methodology developed by D'Alessio (2015). This is how a vision has been formulated, with
a horizon of 2030, where sustainable development is proposed, based on agricultural
production, mainly organic cocoa, yucca and banana; which is combined with experiencing
tourism, with the aim of improving the living conditions of the population. Finally, the
strategies that will be implemented to achieve this vision are the following: (a) penetrate the
modern channel at the national level with agricultural products; (b) develop experiencing
tourism packages in contact with indigenous communities; (c) develop experiencing tourism
services, including visits to nature reserves; (d) develop municipal educational services,
specifically secondary education, to extend the years of study and training of human
resources; (e) develop agricultural products with added value, such as cocoa or chocolate
pulp, produced by indigenous communities; and (f) develop an efficient and quality river
transport service


Over the months since the National Service Framework (NSF) for Mental Health was launched, I have had the privilege of visiting all the mental health services in the Northern and Yorkshire region. Here are some impressions on why some areas are forging ahead improving services and others are not.


Monitoring and understanding coastal processes is important for the Netherlands since the most densely populated areas are situated directly behind the coastal defense. Traditionally, bathymetric changes are monitored at annual intervals, although nowadays it is understood that most dramatic changes are related to high-energy events like storms. To monitor their impact it is important to have access to a flexible surveying platform that is directly operational after the storm. For this reason, Delft University of Technology has developed a PWC (Personal Watercraft) based surveying system. The objective of the present study is to monitor bathymetric changes on the shoreface of the straight sandy Holland coast on the temporal and spatial scale of storm impact. In this paper the PWC as a surveying platform is evaluated and it is demonstrated that both the theoretical and practical error assessment indicate a depth accuracy in the order of 1 decimeter, depending on wave conditions. Moreover, the depth maps resulting from the surveys show that observed morphological changes are in agreement with the expected behaviour considering literature of Van Rijn [1997]. The results on measurement accuracy and on observed coastal changes at storm scale demonstrate the potential of a flexible surveying platform such as a PWC.


When chemists want to transfer a small amount of a pyrophoric reagent, such as tert-butyl lithium, they typically use a needle and a syringe. But this protocol can be dangerous: One wrong move and the chemical could drip, or worse, squirt out of the needle and ignite. A fire caused by tert-butyl lithium resulted in UCLA research assistant Sheharbano Sangji's fatal burns in 2009. Now, chemists at Aarhus University have devised a simple setup and protocol that can make small transfers safer. The setup consists of a sealed transfer vial made by fusing the tops of two crimp-neck vials, a three-dimensionally printed bottle cap that screws onto the bottle of the pyrophoric reagent and holds the transfer vial, and a metal clip that secures the system so that it's "hands free." To transfer the reagent once the setup is assembled, a chemist pushes a long needle through both crimp cap


87 Nowadays, between four and five thousand ha of declined forest in the 5umava National Park are as a direct consequence of bark beetle gradation, both on the German and Czech side of the border. The presented study was performed on 14 permanent regional research plots characterized by severe Norway spruce decline, which were used for a comparison of declined and vital forest. Observed spruce regeneration was currently sufficient (average number over 11000 saplings.ha· in the vital stand and almost half of this number in the declined stand). A large number of seedlings in most of the vital stands (1.280-31.000 individuals.ha· ), react actively under modified light and temperature conditions. Faster growth was reported on the declined plots, which led to the larger number of natural regeneration in the higher height classes. On the other hand, the age structure is influenced negatively in declined stands, because of the missing part of the youngest age class. These results indicate that present stands will likely to develop into more or less even-aged forest again, with the possibility of the similar situation happening in the future.


The international comity doctrine was constructed by Dutch scholar Huber in seventeenth century.This doctrine not only had realized the great change in international private theory in Europe,but also has had a profound influence on the development of international private law in the United Kingdom and the United States.However,there is some misunderstanding on the doctrine now.In order to change this situation,this paper firstly reviews the economic and legal background of the doctrine,and analyses the contents of the doctrine,and stated the four principles contained in it,and reveals the nature of this doctrine is vested rights with the form of "comity".Finally,this paper conducts a comprehensive evaluation on this doctrine.


. A hydroponic system is a method to grow plants using water. Hence, the quality of plant water must be at an optimal level to ensure the plants grow well. This project proposed Internet of Things (IoT) technology to monitor plant water quality. In this project, the NodeMCU ESP32 microcontroller is used to control the entire hydroponic system, while the Total Dissolves Solid (TDS) sensor and ultrasonic sensor (HCSR04) were used to measure the plant water quality (water concentration and water level inside the reservoir). The Cayenne myDevices App acts as a platform for mobile monitoring. The measured data from both sensors will be sent to NodeMCU ESP32 by using Wi-Fi connectivity, before being sent to Cayenne myDevices App to be displayed on mobile devices. The water concentration and the water level inside the reservoir are the elements that were monitored in this project, and this project focuses on mustard green cultivation. The results of several experiments that have been carried out show that the proposed hydroponic cultivation monitoring system-based IoT technology successfully displays the water quality of mustard green through display on mobile devices using the Cayenne myDevices App. Users will also be notified when the distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the water


A thyristor switched capacitor (TSC) device applied in 6 to 10 KV power distribution systems is described in the paper, which can switch on the capacitors without over inrush current and switch off at the instant when current is reduced to zero. The conditions of non-transient switch on/off are discussed first, and a voltage detecting principle for the medium voltage TSC is introduced. The proposed TSC is simple in structure. On-site test result shows that the zero-voltage detect method is correct and reliable, and the switch-on performance is satisfactory.


This article considers the reciprocal relationship between the theological concerns and the imaginative intentions which characterise James McAuley's long narrative poem Captain Quiros. Giving particular attention to the tensions established between hope and despair, between eschatology and history, the article argues that the poem's religious imagination is most profoundly informed, not by its theology of Providence, but by its sympathy for the myth of the Fall.


The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway plays a central role in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and regulates cellular responses to replication stress. Homologous recombination (HR), the error‐free pathway for double‐strand break (DSB) repair, is required during physiological cell cycle progression for the repair of replication‐associated DNA damage and protection of stalled replication forks. Substantial crosstalk between the two pathways has recently been unravelled, in that key HR proteins such as the RAD51 recombinase and the tumour suppressors BRCA1 and BRCA2 also play important roles in ICL repair. Consistent with this, rare patient mutations in these HR genes cause FA pathologies and have been assigned FA complementation groups. Here, we focus on the clinical and mechanistic implications of the connection between these two cancer susceptibility syndromes and on how these two molecular pathways of DNA replication and repair interact functionally to prevent genomic instability.


Left ventricular (LV) remodelling types were investigated in regard to their link to cardiac arrhythmias in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and arterial hypertension (AH) or essential AH (EAH). Hypertrophic LV remodelling types (concentric and eccentric hypertrophy) were more common in individuals with DM-2 and AH or EAH, predicting high-grade ventricular extrasystoles and supraventricular arrhythmias (including paroxysmal atrial fibrillation).


Regression tree is one of nonparametric data exploration methods that can be used to observe relationship between continuous response variables and explanatory variables that are large and complex. The explanatory variables considerably affect the response are variables that appear as a separator or partition. This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the estimation of team player salary in final of European Football Championship 2016. The results illustrated that after trimmed by Minimum Complexity Cost rule, RCV values obtained was 0.798 with classification accuracy level of 72.09%. Explanatory variables that partitioned were passing/header/shooting, became the dominant variable in explaining the salary estimation of team player in final of European Football Championship 2016.


An adaptable decision parameter is used to determine whether to react to resource utilization messages. The decision parameter may comprise a decision threshold that is adapted based on received resource utilization messages. The decision parameter may comprise a probability that is used to determine whether to react to a received resource utilization message. Such a probability may be based on, for example, one or more channel conditions, the number of interferers seen by a node, the number of received resource utilization messages, or some other form of resource utilization message-related information.


In this paper, we address the need to automatically classify text documents into topic hierarchies like those in ACM Digital Library and Yahoo!. The existing local approach constructs a classi er at each split of the topic hierarchy. However, the local approach does not address the closeness of classi cation in hierarchical classi cation where the concern often is how close a classi cation is, rather than simply correct or wrong. Also, the local approach puts its bet on classi cation at higher levels where the classi cation structure often diminishes. To address these issues, we propose the notion of class proximity and cast the hierarchical classi cation as a at classi cation with the class proximity modeling the closeness of classes. Our approach is global in that it constructs a single classi er based on the global informationabout all classes and class proximity. We leverage generalized association rules as the rule/feature space to address several other issues in hierarchical classi cation.


TMT Common Software (CSW). CSW consists of software services and library code that is used by developers to create the subsystems and components that participate in the software system. CSW also defines the types of components that can be constructed and their functional roles in the software system. TMT CSW has recently passed its preliminary design review. The unique features of CSW include its use of multiple, open-source products as the basis for services, and an approach that works to reduce the amount of CSW-provided infrastructure code. Considerable prototyping was completed during this phase to mitigate risk with results that demonstrate the validity of this design approach and the selected service implementation products. This paper describes the latest design of TMT CSW, key features, and results from the prototyping effort.


Flatfish aquaculture industry is an important part of mariculture industry of China.To some extent,it represents the direction of aquaculture,especially mariculture industry of China.How the sustainable development of this industry can be realized under the condition of globalization is a challenging field for exploration.Using the data mainly from FAO,this issue was studied in this paper.The results showed that there is a big market for flatfish aquaculture industry of China.In the short run,its demand is mainly from domestic market,for the development of Chinese economy is fast and the recovery of the economy of our important partners may be slow.In the long run,its domestic demand will keep on increasing with the improvement of our resident income.At the same time,the supply of flatfishes from fishing industry will decrease because of the decline of wild resources;furthermore,the demand of our main partner,such as Japan and South Korea will increase because of the recovery of their economy.As a result,farmed flatfishes will play more important role in the international market in the long run.Whether our flatfish aquaculture industry can utilize the international market depends on its abilities to better off its structure,developing mode,and related institutions.


Characterization of coupled heat and mass and transport phenomena in morphologicallycomplex porous media is a challenging task involving multiple physical and time scales. Particularly interesting are two-phase transport phenomena in the void phase involving phase change, an intricate phenomenon and an active area of research, where many questions remain unsolved. One approach that has been used for modeling and characterization of transport in porous media is the utilization of volume-averaging approaches and effective properties. These properties inherently account for the complex morphology and coupled physical phenomena and therefore summarize the overall macro scale behavior. These effective properties include effective diffusivity, conductivity, and permeability. Nonetheless, obtaining those properties it is still a challenging task. Different experimental techniques and numerical models have been developed for this purpose. These effective properties and the methodology used to access them, haven applications in a broad range of research fields and industrial applications such as paper industry, fuel cell technologies, advances cooling technologies, hydrology, incontinence briefs, etc.


The influence of DL-Methionine and Thioctic acid on the experimentally injured liver in rabbits, were investigated. The injury was produced by subcutaneous injection of DL-Ethionine in daily dosage of 100mg/kg for three days. DL-Methionine and Thioctic acid were injected subcutaneously for six days before liver injury. Liver function tests, such as serum GOT, GPT, liver supernated GOT, GPT, and serum cholesterol were examined. Electronmicroscopical examination of the liver, were also performed. The observed findings were that DL-Methionine and Thioctic acid appeared to inhibit the liver injury to a certain degree, and that Thioctic acid appeared to be more effective than DL-Methionine.


To understand the present situation of epidemics with trichinellosis in China and to evaluate the effect to control this disease in 10 years,in order to offer the scientific evidence for prevention and treatment measures with trichinellosis in the future.Used stratified random sampling to sample residents from 200 sites in 100 counties of 10 provinces of China to investigate questionnaire.ELISA was employed to test the blood serum from resident.Among the 93 239 serum samples,3 149 were found to be positive of antibody against trichina by ELISA with a serum positive rate of 3.38%.Statistics showed significant difference with serum positive rate of antibody against trichina in different provinces(χ2=1699.28,P0.0001),with the highest positive rate of 8.45% in Yunnan province and the lowest rate of 0.26% in Liaoning province;Also there were significant difference with serum positive rate of antibody against trichina in different areas,with the highest positive rate were 5.46% in southwest area(χ2=591.57,P0.0001).And significant difference with serum positive rate of antibody against trichina in different age group,with the highest positive rate 3.81% in 30-stage(χ2=98.96,P0.0001),while the difference between sexes was not significant(χ2=1.23,P0.05).A single factor,and multi-factor regression analysis revealed that the senior,enjoying eating raw pork and using unclear chopping block were the main risk factors.The prevalence situation of trichinosis was still austerity and showed epidemic regionality.After all reasons it may be the crowd custom of life,including biting and supping in difference geographical area.The health education of reasonable diet habits and individual behavior should be strengthened,at the same time the quarantine for pork should be strengthened to prevent the infected pork flowing into the market.In addition,the control strategy and measures of trichinellosis should be adjusted based on the findings in different regions.


This paper describes the preliminary results of research being conducted among teachers of secondary education institutions. The aim is to explore the representation of spatial data in the educational system, with special emphasis on the NSDI, assess the knowledge on the use of spatial data that students receive during their schooling, determine whether the curriculum meets modern educational trends and get teachers' recommendations for teaching improvements in the field of spatial data. The questionnaire includes a header with an introduction and instructions, followed by 17 questions of combined type. The survey is still on the webpage of the Croatian State Geodetic Administration and all Croatian secondary schools are invited to participate in the project. Teachers who participate directly in the education of secondary school students have the best overview of the knowledge and the awareness of new generations in the field of spatial data. They know how to improve the teaching process and transfer knowledge to future generations and they made very constructive recommendations that can be systemized in few topics presented in this paper. The preliminary results clearly show that there is a need for teacher training, higher spatial data interoperability as well as for connecting the NSDI internet pages with the Teacher Training Portal and the National Distance Learning Portal.


Our aim was to investigate the proportional representation of people of South Asian origin in cardiovascular outcome trials of glucose‐lowering drugs or strategies in Type 2 diabetes, noting that these are among the most significant pieces of evidence used to formulate the guidelines on which clinical practice is largely based.


The article presents discussion of questions of treatment patients in the presence of metabolic disorder. Results of operative interventions in patients with obesity were evaluated and possibilities of laparoscopic operations were defined. The analysis of the results was carried out.


Residential energy consumption, mostly due to residential heating, is a large component of energy demand in developed countries and thus a target for public policies aimed at reducing negative environmental effects and energy dependence. This paper uses Spanish household micro data to estimate a discrete-continuous model of residential energy demand for heating covering both the choice of energy source and the amount of energy used for heating. Relative fuel prices for heating influence the discrete decision on the type of energy source as a long-run effect. The short-run demand response to energy price changes is found to be limited but variable across the different energy sources for heating in Spain. Moreover, household demand responses consistently differ across rich and poor regions. A simple policy simulation illustrates the practical relevance of this empirical approach.


Energy costs for telecommunications networks are mainly due to the consumption of both devices and cooling facilities. For this reason the target of this paper is to propose an analytical discrete-time Markov model that allows green router designers to both evaluate performance of temperature-constrained green routers and design Governor policies to achieve the best trade-off between quality of service and energy saving in respect of a given target on the working temperature. The proposed model is applied to a case study to show how it can be used to the above purposes.


The present invention provides compositions for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of a condition arising from gluten intolerance, the compositions including at least partially purified caricain (or a biologically active fragment, analogue or variant thereof) alone or in combination with other suitable enzymes including bromelain, and/or an intestinal extract, as herein described. The present invention also provides methods of using such compositions for the prophylaxis or treatment of a condition arising from gluten intolerance.


Objective: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent type of lung cancer and represents the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Seventy five percent of the cases present with advanced stages of the disease. This study aimed to compare the efficacy between erlotinib and gefitinib when given to patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC after failure of previous chemotherapy. Methods: A systematic review was performed in order to identify all studies with similar both design and characteristics of the population studied. Efficacy analysis was based on indirect comparison adjusted by placebo. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and adjusted overall response rates. Statistical significance was assessed by using standard tests. Results: Two multinational phase III, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical trials (BR.21 study for erlotinib and ISEL study for gefitinib) were selected. Erlotinib was statistically superior over gefitinib for prolonging PFS (HR: 0.744, T RESUMEN


(Latitude 32° 14′.8 N., longitude 110° 50′.1 or 7h 23m.3 W. of Gr.)

October 16–17—A disturbance of moderate intensity was characterized by abrupt starts in D and H at 15h 01m GMT, October 16. The storm, which consisted of several large bays with superimposed short-period activity in D and H, ended at about 14h, October 17. Ranges were: H, 126 gammas; Z, 51 gammas; D, 15′.


A criterion for simplicity, D norm criterion V2∞, and a noniterative algorithm (MEDD) proposed by Cabrelli, are based on the Varimax norm V24 of the minimum entropy deconvolution (MED). Mathematical analysis of the MEDD algorithm reveals that some part of the MEDD computation is unnecessary. In this paper, we present a fast algorithm (FD) which gives the same results as the MEDD algorithm but is ten times more efficient than MEDD. To improve the results of the MEDD algorithm, a new computational procedure (FD-MEDP) is also advanced and some numerical examples show the advantages of the new procedure.


Insight into global biome responses to climatic and other environmental changes is essential to address key questions about past and future impacts of such changes. By simulating global biome patterns 140 ka to present, we aimed to address important questions about biome changes during this interval.


The discrete version of Morse theory due to Robin Forman is a powerful tool utilized in the study of topology, combinatorics, and mathematics involving the overlap of these fields. Inspired by the success of discrete Morse theory, we take the first steps in defining a discrete version of the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category suitable for simplicial complexes. This invariant is based on collapsibility as opposed to contractibility, and is defined in the spirit of the geometric category of a topological space. We prove some basic results of this theory, showing where it agrees and differs from that of the smooth case. Our work culminates in a discrete version of the Lusternik-Schnirelmann theorem relating the number of critical points of a discrete Morse function to its discrete category.


In recent years, educators have been calling for an increased focus on complex systems across the school years. One approach to achieving this is through modelling, where
children think mathematically about relevant relationships, patterns, and regularities in dealing with authentic problems. This paper reports on the different mathematical models created by three classes of fourth-grade children (9-year-olds) in working a problem that addressed the complex system of team sports. Consideration is given to the problem
elements and interactions the children explored, together with the ways in which they operated on and transformed the given data.


This paper analyses the problem of exchange rate from the view of labor parity under unequally international system.By comparing the labor parity among China,US,Indonesia,Malaysia and Korea,RMB was substantially undervalued relative to US dollar before 1998,but this tendency was reversed after that.However,RMB has never been undervalued relative to the currencies of the three Eastern Asian countries for the last ten years.Therefore,only when the currencies of Asian countries are revalued against US dollar simultaneously can the competitive abilities of Chinese merchandises be assured in the international market.


Overview. My research is in algebraic geometry. The goal of my research is to investigate the structure theory of algebraic varieties. Specifically, I apply techniques from positive characteristic commutative algebra to extend existing results from the minimal model program and moduli theory to positive characteristic, as well as obtain new results in characteristic zero via reduction modulo p. My research falls under three topics: (1) Global generation of line bundles and Fujita's conjecture. (2) Matsusaka-type theorems and weak positivity of direct image sheaves. (3) Singularity theory and asymptotic invariants over imperfect fields. Progress in these areas would further the minimal model program and moduli theory in both positive characteristic and characteristic zero. In the direction of each topic listed above, I proved the following: (1) A criterion for existence of global sections of line bundles of the form ωX ⊗ L⊗` with prescribed Taylor series expansions at a point, which I use to characterize when a variety is projective space. (2) A criterion for existence of global sections of sheaves of the form f∗ω ⊗m X ⊗L⊗`, where f : X → Y is a morphism of complex varieties, and an analogue in positive characteristic. (3) A systematic method to work with imperfect fields in positive characteristic, which I use to characterize when a line bundle is ample using asymptotic invariants.


In a display apparatus, a display panel includes touch sensors that make contact with a common electrode by an external pressure to output a common voltage, and a sensing driver receives the common voltage from the touch sensors to generate a sensing signal. A controller receives the sensing signal from the sensing driver and calculates position information to which the external pressure is applied based on the sensing signal. The sensing driver includes a switching circuit that receives a switching signal from the controller to switch the common voltage. Thus, the display apparatus prevents the common voltage from being input during a period where a voltage level of the common voltage is abnormally high, thereby preventing a logic circuit of the sensing driver from being damaged.


Our present Chest editor, Sven-Göran Fransson resigns his position as editor of the Chest section of Acta Radiologica and Acta Radiologica Open from 1 July 2015. Dr Fransson has for many years done a great job in this time-consuming position, in reviewing, evaluating, and recommending decisions on manuscripts submitted to our two journals. The Editorial Board sincerely thanks Dr Fransson for all his efforts over the years. As his successors, the Board of the Foundation has appointed Professor Anders Persson from Linköping, Sweden and Professor Yoshiharu Ohno from Kobe, Japan. Professor Anders Persson is currently Professor at the Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, CMIV, Linköping University, Sweden, and Guest Professor at Departement of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institut Stockholm, Sweden. He has been working in the field of visual representation of medical radiological data and medical applications for over 25 years. As a radiologist and researcher, he has worked on the introduction and validation of new visualization tools for the clinical environment. He was one of the first in the world to introduce color 3D images from CT and MRI to clinical daily practice. Currently his research focuses on cardiovascular and clinical investigation tools (CT and MRI), and on algorithms for specific clinical investigations (CT and MRI) in the cardiovascular image field and to develop methods for postmortem imaging. He was a Visiting Professor at the Mayo Clinic in the USA in May 2009, lecturing on forensic science. He has published more than 160 peer-reviewed journal and conference publications between 2003 and 2015, given over 400 invited talks, and written eight book chapters. He has received several international and national awards such as RSNA Cum Lade, the Lennart Nilsson Award, and the Royal Photographic Society Award UK. He received the Athena award for best medical research in Sweden in 2011 and the Royal College Combined Scientific Gold Medal in 2013. Professor Yoshiharu Ohno is currently General Manager of Advanced Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Director of Functional and Diagnostic Imaging Research, Director of Thoracic Imaging and Professor of Radiology at Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine. He has his medical education from Kobe University School of Medicine, and has his residency in Radiology from the same university. His academic positions include Fellow and Associate Professor of Radiology, Kobe University, and Research Fellow at the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center. From 2004 to date, he has held different positions affiliated to Kobe University. Professor Ohno is a member of 24 scientific societies including the Fleischner Society. He has obtained awards from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, The Radiological Society of North America, and the Society of Thoracic Radiology among others. He is the author of two book chapters in English and 17 chapters in Japanese. He is the author/co-author of 132 original papers in English, 18 review articles in English, and 112 in Japanese. We heartily welcome Professors Persson and Ohno as new members of our Editorial Board.


Facility management is an upcoming trend in Malaysian construction industry. It is all about improving the operational quality, adding value to organisation and minimising the exposure to risk. It creates business opportunities, improve business relation but most of all it generates significant business returns. This research provides essential concept on the application of facility management (FM) in general and specific emphasis on construction per se. It reveals substantial opportunities embodied by FM through developing myriad of business services which is an emerging trend in Malaysian construction industry. The level of knowledge and awareness of construction industry players and the opportunities, all pertaining to FM are analysed to ensure that it enables the expansion of FM in the industry as well as its resistance or barriers. This research reveals that strategic decisions of an organisation substantiate changes either in market development, penetration or diversification to FM depending on the organisation, can enhance competitive advantages quality, add value and improve business relationships amongst its stakeholders. This research indefinitely provides an insight on the application and the opportunities of FM through its interface in the construction industry by acquiring appropriate strategic actions.


Metro is a high-risk area of terrorist attacks. Although the method of manual security check is generally adopted in domestic subway, the traditional security check method has big loopholes due to the large number of passengers and long lines. This paper argues that, on the basis of the traditional metro security mode, the front end of video should be mainly reconstructed and the video monitoring system should be upgraded, so that it can have the functions of intelligent monitoring, intelligent command, intelligent research and judgment, and intelligent disposal, so that the subway anti-terrorism and effective platform can exert its maximum effectiveness. Introduction At present, international terrorism is rampant. Shopping malls, railway stations, bus stations, pedestrian streets, urban rail transit hubs and other public places with dense crowds have become the focus of terrorist attacks. In particular, the metro system has tunnel-like running lines, viaduct type closed track, closed narrow underground space, open platform and loose safety management. When earthquakes, collapses, floods, fires and other disasters come, or be subjected to such terrorist attacks as explosions, poison gas, arson, shooting, or slashing, Or in case of power failure, collision, failure, outage or other accidents, Or in case of power failure, collision, failure, outage or other accidents, or fighting, arguing, seat grabbing, stopping cars, jumping off rails and other emergencies. It is very easy to cause serious danger and emergency of group death and group injury. Although there has been no terrorist attack on metro in China, many terrorist attacks on subway in foreign countries have long sounded the alarm. For example, on 11March 2004, a bomb attack on a commuter train in Madrid killed 191 people and injured 1800 others. On 7 July 2005, 4Britons directed by al-Qaeda blew themselves up on three London subways stations during the morning rush hour, killing 52 passengers. On the morning of 29 March 2010, two "black widows" blew themselves up in a Moscow subway station, killing 38 people, and so on. The following table 1 lists the basic information of some metro terrorist attacks, showing the harm of terrorist attacks on the Metro. Table 1. Basic Information of Some Terrorist Attacks in Metro. Time Location Style consequences 1995-03-20 Tokyo Metro Sarin 13 people died and 5500 were poisoned. 1996-06-11 Moscow Metro Explosion 4 people were killed and 15 injured. 2000-08-08 Moscow Metro Explosion 13 people were killed and 90 injured. 2004-02-06 Moscow Metro Explosion 41 people were killed and 100 injured. 2004-08-31 Moscow Metro Explosion 10 people were killed and 50 injured. 2005-02-18 Daegu Metro Arson 198 people were killed and 146 injured. 2005-07-07 London Metro Explosion 52 people were killed and 700 injured. 2010-03-29 Moscow Metro Explosion 39 people were killed and 83 injured. 2017-04-03 St. Petersburg Metro Explosion 10 people were killed and 37 injured.


EUROPEAN EXPANSIONRIGA, LATVIA-- Health officials and researchers in this Baltic nation, one of three former Soviet republics to join the European Union (E.U.) on 1 May ([see main text][1]), have won praise for waging the fight against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis more aggressively than anywhere else.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5668/198


Introduction: Hip fracture has the greatest personal and economic impact of all fall‐related injuries in the elderly population. External hip protectors have been developed and have been effective in reducing the incidence of hip fracture in one study. Their level of effectiveness, however, is influenced significantly by whether people will wear them.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinical significance of detection of serum HBV-LP and HBV-DNA in patients with hepatitis B whose HBeAg were negative.METHODS A total of 64 serum specimens of hepatitis B patients with negative HBeAg were collected.HBV-DNA was detected using the real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and HBV-LP was measured by ELISA.RESULTS Of the 64 serum specimens,36 were positive for HBV-DNA and 44 were positive for HBV-LP with the detection rates of 56.3% and 68.8%,respectively.It showed that HBV-LP and HBV-DNA were related but there was no significant difference between their own positivity.The HBV-DNA copies being 103,103-5,106-7 and 107 copy/ml,the detection rates of HBV-LP were 60.7%,82.6%,60.0% and 66.7%,respectively.CONCLUSION Detection of HBV-LP can serve as an effective complement to the measurement of HBV-DNA in patients with Hepatitis B whose HBeAg were negative.


Characteristics of systems of automatic designing taking into account specificity of the Russian enterprises and possibility to operate quality of production are considered.


Saw-whet Owls are rarely observed during lnigration because of their nocturnal habits and the secluded habitat in which they spend the day. As early as 1911 Taverner and Swales presented evidence which indicated that the Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadica) migrates in great numbers through southern Ontario. However, the Sawwhet Owl is generally regarded as a permanent resident in Minnesota (Roberts, 1930), Michigan (Wood, 1951), and Wisconsin (Groinroe, 1963). Bent (1938) states that the owl is usually considered a permanent resident and that the movements of this owl are too irregular to be considered true migration. This paper offers evidence which indicates that the Saw-whet Owl is a fairly common fall migrant on the western shore of Lake Michigan. In addition, data on weights, measurements, age ratios, and annual variations in the magnitude of migration are presented. The data for this paper were obtained in a study of bird migration conducted at the Cedar Grove Ornithological Station. The station is located on the west shore of Lake Michigan about 64 km north of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. A detailed description of the area can be found in Mueller and Berger (1966). A portion of the study involved the use of mist-nets to gain an index of the nmnbers of migrants in the area. For some years mist-nets have been left up overnight at Cedar Grove to avoid the work of setting and removing the nets each day. We caught our first Saw-whet Owl in 1956, and by the end of the autmnn of 1961 we had trapped 45 individuals, all of them in the months of September and October. In the autumn of 1962 we expanded our netting program, setting up a number of larger-mesh nets primarily for taking hawks. This almost doubled the net area of previous years. In addition, the netting period was extended well into November in 1962, 1963, and 1964. The dimensions, mesh size, and placement of some of the nets were varied somewhat in the years 1962, 1963, and 1964 (Table 1), but these manipulations did not appear to markedly affect the catch of owls. The locations, mesh size, and dimensions for 374 m • of the nets remained unchanged throughout the three years. The nets were placed in lanes cut through dense brush or along the edges of a clearing. Nets of 36, 61, and 106 mm mesh were employed. The bottoms of nets ranged from 15 cm to I m off the ground, and the tops from 3.1 to 5.5 m high. At least 313 m a of the nets were up by 31 August in 1962, 1963, and 1964. All nets were up by 1 October at the latest in all three years. The nets remained in place until 17 November in 1962, 3 December in 1963, and 20 November in 1964. The nets were furled because of severe weather on only nine nights during the three autumns. Nets were visited until well after dark and at least once again later in the evening. The last net visit was usually made


Kendari city is still a dengue endemic area. It is viewed from the topography of Kendari City which has a height between 0-472 m above sea level (DPL). The low ability to anticipate the occurrence of Dengue Fever is caused, among others, because the time, place and incidence rate has not been well predicted, the unavailability of index and vulnerability maps of the area based on the time of the incident, and the unavailability of predictive prediction model of DHF incidence. This underlies the need for DHF Prediction in Kendari City. The method used to predict dengue fever rate in Kendari city that is Modified K-Nearest Neighbor method. MKNN consists of two processing, the first data validation training that aims to validate training data and the second is to apply the weighting of KNN. Based on the results of testing conducted, application prediction of dengue fever (DHF) in kendari city using Modified K-Nearest Neighbor (MKNN) method is able to predict with the smallest error value 0,04%, for value k = 4 biggest error value 1 , 58 for the value of k = 4 and the smallest error rate of 0.28% for the value of k = 3. Keywords — Dengue Fever, Forecasting, Modified K-Nearst Neighbor DOI :10.5281/zenodo.1402838


The present paper points out the difference of the helium closed cycle gas turbine, which is a candidate of nuclear gas turbine, from the open cycle gas turbine and indicates its inherent problems on pressure ratio and specific speed owing to the use of helium as the working gas. The paper also clarifies the effects of external pressure losses on the thermal efficiency and output of the gas turbine besides, it indicates that the major reason of the German unsuccessful helium turbine owes to deterioration of the external efficiencies of compressor and turbine resulted from pressure losses and the use of helium itself. Besides above, the paper indicates the key idea on heat exchangers for the closed cycle gas turbine and design basis to solve the problems and finally offers new conception with nitrogen or air as the working gas that is changeable into open cycle gas turbine.


In this paper an approach for computing an optimal control law based on the Polynomial Least Squares Method (PLSM) is presented. The initial optimal control problem is reformulated as a variational problem whose corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation is solved by using PLSM. A couple of examples emphasize the accuracy of the method.


Rationale for Second-generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Despite the very impressive data from the pivotal International Randomized Study of Interferon and STI571 (IRIS) that earned imatinib its place as a standard of care in the current management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), disease progressed by 7% over five years of therapy in chronic-phase (CP) patients. An emerging challenge facing clinicians now is how best to manage primary or secondary imatinib resistance and/or intolerance.


Like many texts of its kind, Jean Bouchet's Panegyric du Chevallier sans reproche (1527), a lengthy encomiastic biography of Louis II de La Tremoille written after his death at Pavia, is an unackno...


Abstract Theories of stress and adaptation in adulthood typically focus on recent influences on developmental change. What needs more attention in developmental studies is a stronger emphasis on the relationship between proximal and distal experiences in explaining developmental outcome. To address the need for combining past with present influences, we present a model of developmental adaptation that explains the process of adaptation to life stress on the basis of adverse childhood events and paternal care during childhood and internal and external resources available for adaptation to current life events. The appraisal of past and current events, as well as coping behaviors, are hypothesized to influence the health and well-being of individuals. The benefit of this model is that it systematically combines biographic ("distal") variables with the current life situation ("proximal influences") in an effort to explain developmental changes across the life span.


apical pulse. They heard, but seldom identified, heard sounds. Today, the nurse, as the person most consistently at the patient's bedside can and ought to develop skills in cardiac auscultation so that changes in cardiac sounds, which may indicate a need for therapeutic intervention, can be detected early. Auscultation of the heart is a skill which involves practice in listening for specific heart sounds and murmurs. It also involves an understand-


ABSTRACT Chiropractic: The Victim's Perspective explores the field of chiropractic therapy from its inception in the early 1900s, when it was touted as a panacea for all human ailments, to its modern-day struggles for recognition as a legitimate and reimbursable form of medical care for patients with low back pain. The author, George Magner, who has a bachelor of science degree in biology, developed tinnitus and sensory loss following chiropractic cervical manipulation for treatment of low back pain. After learning that chiropractic neck manipulation is of no value for treatment of back pain, Magner founded Victims of Chiropractic, a support network and clearinghouse for information about the hazards of chiropractic therapy.The author has done extensive investigation of the scientific and medical basis for chiropractic therapy and concludes that it is primarily based on quackery, fraud, deception, and greed. In fact, the author admits, "I wrote this book as a way


Three orators' speeches are analyzed for their use of relational, locational and directional types of spatial metaphors. Frances Harper utilized all three types in her call for elemental justice. Mordecai Johnson blended directional with locational metaphors to recreate the African‐American's journey. Louis Lomax employed literal space as evidence for his metaphorical generalizations about racial pride and responsibility. The essay concludes by examining the potential importance of understanding symbolic space for critics of African‐American discourse.


Forty adult subjects (14 male, 14 female omnivores; five male, seven female vegetarians) were given a daily fibre supplement of cereals, fruits and nuts ('fibre-filler', F-plan diet, Eyton, 1982) incorporated into their normal diet for twelve weeks. Various haematological parameters were monitored from fasting blood samples taken at regular intervals throughout the study.

Two-way analysis of variance of the data from the initial blood samples showed that habitual diet had no effect on any of the measured variables, but that there was a significant difference between men and women for all but % transferrin saturation. Mean Hb levels gradually increased during the course of the study, and there were fluctuations in plasma zinc. No other parameters changed with time.

It was concluded that the fibre supplement under investigation, which contributed an additional 12 mg iron and 2.6 mg zinc to the daily intake, had no adverse effect on iron or zinc status when consumed by subjects as part of their normal diet.


The invention discloses an RTC adjusting and calibrating device of an energy meter and a method for RTC automatic compensation and calibration. The device comprises a clock tester, a computing device and a communication interface, which are connected in sequence, wherein, the clock tester adopts a wireless sensing way to measure the output signal output by RTC, and the communication interface is connected with the communication interface of the energy meter; the inherent error of clock components of the energy meter through the computing device and the communication interface is stored into the memory of the energy meter. The method measures and stores the RTC inherent error in the energy meter, at the same time, the temperature data measured by temperature measuring equipment is transmitted into the relative error of RTC; the two error data are added up and aggregated by an MCU; and when the aggregated data reaches a minimum unit of RTC in the energy meter, the MCU carries out compensation and calibration on RTC. The invention can well solve the timing precision problem of the RTC device of the energy meter.


Charles Jean-Baptiste Soualle is an enigmatic figure in the history of nineteenth-century music. It is sometimes recognized that he achieved distinction as a clarinettist and saxophonist in Paris and London in the late 1840s and early 1850s, before undertaking a world tour that was prodigious by the standards of the time; and that he adopted the orientalist stage persona of 'Ali Ben Sou Alle', performing on a modified version of the saxophone which, in keeping with his stage act, he renamed as a 'turkophone'. But details beyond these bare facts are often elusive.

This paper explores Soualle's global concertizing in the mid-nineteenth century and endeavors to set out an authoritative version of a story that makes tantalizing appearances elsewhere.1 It considers Soualle's contribution not only to the saxophone's dissemination and repertory in the nineteenth-century, but also, because of several modifications to the instrument that he protected by patent in 1860, to its technical development. In short, the paper seeks to position Soualle as a rather more important figure in saxophone history than has previously been accepted.


The concept of mind is understood in many different ways by many different traditions. Most agree that minds are constituted by conscious experience and intelligent thought. Common attributes of mind include perception, reason, imagination, memory, emotion, attention, free-will and a capacity for communication. A rich set of unconscious processes are also included in many modem characterizations ofmind.Sanskrit -root 'citta ', is not easily rendered into English. In many instances,' citta' seems to convey consciousness, mind, intellect or psychic mass that orders and illuminates sensations coming from withoutcan serve as a mirror for objects, without the senses interposing between it and its object. Thus the non-initiate is incapable of gaining freedom, because his mind, instead of being stable (still, non-fluctuating) is constantly violated by the activity of the senses, by the subconscious, and by the 'thrust for life'.The Original Mind is the intrinsic essence ofmind, the true self. It is inherently pure and good, and in Christian terms it can be said to participate in the Kingdom of God. In Eastern traditions it is prior to thought, prior to desire, prior to any conceptualization at all. It is discovered by stripping away all sensation, desire, concepts, intellection, volition, and awareness of "I." It partakes of the Oneness of all. Buddhism calls this mind the Buddha Nature, and much of Buddhist practice is aimed at its realization. They also call it "nomind" because it is without any grasping at a (selfish) self. Taoists agree, and seek to strip away all intellection and formalism in order to arrive at the spontaneous activity of the natural man who lives at one with the Tao of the universe.That which is the finest essence-this whole world has that as its soul. That is Reality. That is the Self (Atman). That art thou. (Hinduism. Chandogya Upanishad 6.8.7)For him who... knows his own mind and sees intuitively his own nature, he is a Hero, a Teacher of gods and men, a Buddha. ( Buddhism. Sutra of Hui Neng 1)The kingdom of God is not coming with signs to be observed, nor will they say, "Lo, here it is!" or "There! " for behold, the kingdom of God is within you. (Christianity. Bible, Luke 17.20-21)Ordinary men and ignorant people understand neither the Essence of Mind nor the Pure Land within themselves, so they wish to be born in the East or the West, but to the enlightened, everywhere is the same. As the Buddha said, "No matter where they happen to be, they are always happy and comfortable." If your mind is free from evil, the West is not far from here; but difficult indeed it would be for one whose heart is impure to be bom there by invoking Amitabha! ( Buddhism. Sutra of HuiNeng 3)As one not knowing that a golden treasure lies buried beneath his feet may walk over it again and again, yet never find it, so all beings live every moment in the city of Brahman, yet never find him because of the veil of illusion by which he is concealed. (Hinduism. Chandogya Upanishad 8.3.2)The Purpose of the one true God, exalted be His glory, in revealing Himself unto men is to lay bare those gems that lie hidden within the mine of their true and inmost selves. (Baha'i Faith. Gleanings from the Writings of Baha'u'llah 132)When you pursue your original mind, you should be able to hear moral laws and see divinity in your mind's eye. You should be able to feel and touch the heart of God with your mind. (Unification Church. Sun Myung Moon, 4-14-57)The modem era comes with Freud's topographical model of the mind comprising of three regions: the conscious system, the preconscious system, and the unconscious system. Freud further explains the mind in a tripartite structural model of ego, id, and superego.Id refers to a reservoir of unorganized instinctual drives. Ego spans all three dimensions. It is the executive organ of the psyche, controls motility, perception, and contacts with reality and through the defence mechanisms available to it the delay and modulation of drive expression. …


The present work shows the preparation and characterization of a set of solids by modification of a natural clay with Al, Ce and Pt. The characterization of the solids by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals the insertion of alumina pillars, whereas the subsequent impregnations of the pillared clay with Pt (II) or Ce (IV) do not lead to structural variations that can be observed by XRD. The characterization by nitrogen adsorption indicates that the incorporation of platinum species originates damages in the microporosity of the solid, while the addition of cerium prevents the deterioration of the textural properties


Research on control for underwater vehicle is undertaken. S-plane control is verified to be effective in control of underwater vehicles. But there are problems in steady precision and parameter adjustments. In order to obtain higher steady precision, intelligent integral is brought in, and expert S-plane control is presented to tune the parameters on-line based on expert control and S-plane control according to practical experience and control knowledge. To prevent control output jumping, fuzzy neural network is adopted to fit the production rules in knowledge base. Experiments are conducted on the simulation platform, and the results show that expert S-plane controller performs well in current environment, and has better robustness than S-plane controller.


We have studied by optical microscopy and by SEM-EDX some metallic particles of silver and gold adhering to the Maria-Magdalena hairs. The presence of silver particles is explained by the contact between hairs and the inner side made of silver of the initial reliquary where Maria-Magdalena remains were kept. Presence of gold particles is also explained by the contact between hairs and the gold of the bust-reliquary where hairs of Maria-Magdalena hairs were kept between 1283 and 1793.


Introduction: Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a highly immunosuppressive subset of CD4 + T cells, represent a key challenge in the tumor microenvironment by limiting potent antitumor immune responses. While high densities of tumor-infiltrating Tregs are associated with poor prognosis in patients with various types of solid cancers, their prognostic impact in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) remains unclear. Emerging studies suggest substantial heterogeneity in the phenotype and suppressive capacities of Tregs, emphasizing the importance of understanding Treg diversity and the need for additional markers to identify highly suppressive Tregs. Our in-depth characterization of Tregs in NHL tumors could open new paths for rational drug design, facilitating selective therapeutic manipulation of Tregs to reduce immunosuppression and improve anti-tumor immunity.
 Methods: Single-cell suspensions from NHL patients (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and healthy donors (tonsils and peripheral blood)) were analyzed by fluorescent flow- and mass cytometry to characterize Tregs, focusing on their expression of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory checkpoint receptors. The immunosuppressive capacity of Tregs was measured by in vitro co-culture of FACS-sorted subsets of Tregs together with autologous CellTrace Violet-labelled T effector cells as responder cells, using samples from FL and tonsils. Live CD4 + T cells were obtained by FACS sorting from DLBCL (n = 3), FL (n = 3) and healthy donor tonsils (n = 3) and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (CITE-seq) and scTCR-seq by the 10X Genomics platform. The computational framework of CIBERSORTx was used to generate unique signature matrices for the three Treg subsets identified by scRNA-seq, to facilitate validation in separate scRNA-seq cohorts (King, Sci Immunol 2021; Roider, Nat Cell Biol 2020), and to impute frequencies of the Treg subsets in cohorts with bulk RNA-seq data (Chapuy, Nat Med 2018; Schmitz, NEJM 2018; Pastore, Lancet Oncol 2015).
 Results: Immunophenotyping by mass cytometry revealed a subset of activated Tregs identified by co-expression of TIGIT, CTLA-4, PD-1, ICOS and OX40, and higher expression of FOXP3, CD25 and CD45RO, that was present in DLBCL and tonsils, but lacking in peripheral blood. This was validated by fluorescent flow cytometry, demonstrating significantly higher frequencies of activated Tregs in NHL tumors compared to PBMCs and tonsils from healthy donors. The phenotypic heterogeneity of intratumoral Tregs reflected different suppressive capacities as activated Tregs more potently suppressed the proliferation of autologous effector CD4 + and CD8 + T cells than naïve Tregs. For global transcriptomic profiling of CD4 + T cells from FL, DLBCL and tonsillar samples, we integrating scRNA-seq and CITE-seq data from 17,774 cells, revealing 13 distinct cellular states including three states of Tregs: naïve, activated and non-conventional LAG3 +FOXP3 - Tregs. Activated Tregs had higher expression of checkpoint receptors (TNFRSF4, TNFRSF18, ICOS), phosphatases (DUSP2, DUSP4), NF-κB pathway (NFKBIA, TNFAIP3, NFKBIZ, REL), chemokine receptors (CXCR4) and transcription factors (JUNB, IRF1, STAT3) as compared to naïve Tregs. We next used a computational approach to develop unique signature matrices for each Treg subset. This approach demonstrated strong concordance between CIBERSORTx estimated cell abundances of the three Treg subsets and the ground truth, and was validated in two external scRNA-seq cohorts. The development of unique signature matrices for Treg subsets facilitated imputation of their frequencies in bulk RNA-seq datasets. These analyses revealed that higher frequency of activated Tregs was enriched in the germinal B cell subtype of DLBCL and was associated with adverse outcome in FL.
 Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Tregs infiltrating NHL tumors are transcriptionally and functionally diverse and include highly immunosuppressive activated Tregs co-expressing several checkpoint receptors, which distinguish them from peripheral blood Tregs. Activated intratumoral Tregs could hamper clinical responses to checkpoint blockade, and identifying and targeting their vulnerabilities has the potential to improve anti-tumor immune responses.

 Holte: Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Nordic: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Nanovector: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lectures honorarias; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Alizadeh: Cibermed: Consultancy, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; CAPP Medical: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Forty Seven: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Foresight Diagnostics: Consultancy, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen Oncology: Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding.