IT HAS LONG been known that Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments galactose by an adaptive enzyme produced in the cell during the course of a few hours in the absence of cell division. Winge and Roberts (1948) have studied a culture of S. Chevalieri which ferments galactose by "long-term" adaptation which occurs after cells have grown from 3-14 days in a medium containing galactose. After the adaptation, the fermentation itself occurs at a rapid rate. They state that "long-term" adaptation of S. Chevalieri to galactose does not involve a shift in the population (mutation followed by selection) but is an adaptation of the entire original population. They consider the delay an indication of the time required by the cells to build up galactozymase to a sufficiently high concentration to make it demonstrable. They made hybrids between these two species and found a regular segregation of rapidly fermenting (1-2 days) to "long-term" adapting (3-14 days) clones from each ascus, provided the ascospores were isolated in beer wort, a medium containing considerable amounts of maltose, but lacking galactose. If the ascospores were isolated in galactose broth, all four spores from each ascus fermented galactose immediately (1-2 days). However, they used only asci in which all four spores germinated and the possibility exists that some nonutilizers of galactose may have failed to grow in maltose. They described a series of experiments in which they deadapted and readapted galactose fermenting cultures and denied the significance of mutation as a factor in this process. Extended genetical analyses bv Lindegren (1949) have established the allelism of a single pair of galactose genes (G/g) in Saccharomyces. One of these alleles (G) controls the rapid fermentation of galactose while cells carrying the other (g) do not effect detectable fermentation of galactose under the conditions of the Durham tube fermentation test. (Occasional irregularities in which an excess of fermenter (G G G g) or an excess of nonfermenter (g g g G) alleles were obtained from single asci have been interpreted as the result of conversion of alleles in the heterozygote.) We have discovered occasional cultures in our pedigrees which resemble the cultures of S. Chevalieri described by Winge and Roberts, by fermenting galactose after a long exposure involving growth; the present paper deals with the behavior of these unusual "slow" fermenters of galactose. We have concluded that this involves mutation from the g to the G allele followed by selection of the mutant G population in the presence of galactose.


Transmittance measurements on pure and diluted barium ferrites, nickel zinc manganese ferrites, and nickel cobalt copper ferrites in millimeter wave-frequency range from 30to120GHz have been performed for the first time. A free space millimeter wave magneto-optical approach has been successfully employed for the dielectric and magnetic characterization of ferrite materials. Simultaneous determination of dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability has been carried out from a single set of transmittance measurements. Frequency dependences of the magnetic permeability and dielectric permittivity on pure and diluted ferrites in millimeter waves have been obtained.


When a tube containing a gas is rotated about one end a measurable pressure difference, depending upon the length of the tube, the rate of rotation and the density of the gas, is set up between its ends. The instrument utilizes this principle to compare the densities of gases.


Objective To introduce the anatomical basis for diagnozing and treating infrapatellar branch neuralgia of the saphenous nerve.Methods Totally 16 cases of diagnosed infrapatellar branch neuralgia of the saphenous nerve were collected in our outpatient department from Oct.2001 to Sep.2009.All the patients were treated with injection of prednisolone plus local anesthetics to where the nerve is passing through.Results Pain was abolished in all patients several minutes after the injection.Ten cases recovered one week later and never relapsed again.The other six cases experienced mild degree pain one week later and got recovered after another injection.They probably recovered soon and never made a return.Conclusion Satisfactory treatment effect could be obtained by local injection of prednisolone plus local anesthetics concerning the cases of infrapatellar branch neuralgia of the saphenous nerve if no detectable traumatic or surgical causes could be found.It could be regarded as the best therapy.


This note provides an overview of the deal structuring process between company founders and venture capital firms. Specifically, the note: (1) reviews the use of the venture capital method to value venture investment opportunities and structure the financing arrangement between the founders of the entrepreneurial firms and the venture investors, (2) illustrates the use of capitalization tables to plan for multiple rounds of venture financing, and (3) emphasizes the importance of arriving at a realistic value estimate for the entrepreneurial firm that does not over-value the firm. The last point refers to the fact that initial valuations used to structure venture financing contracts can be too high. Excessive valuations in earlier rounds can lead to severe dilutions of founder and even early round investor shares in subsequent financing rounds. In the extreme, the dilution can be so severe as to jeopardize the continued existence of the firm.


Objective Ketamine is a drug that can effectively treat neuropathic pain by blocking the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. It has been studied as a supplement to opioids for cancer pain, but its effectiveness for non-cancer pain is still limited. However, despite its usefulness in managing refractory pain, ketamine is not commonly used for home-based palliative care. Methods A case report of a patient with severe central neuropathic pain who was treated with a subcutaneous continuous infusion of morphine and ketamine at home. Results The introduction of ketamine in the patient's treatment plan effectively controlled pain. Only one possible ketamine side effect was observed and easily treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. Conclusions We have found success in using subcutaneous continuous infusion of morphine and ketamine to alleviate severe neuropathic pain in a home setting. We also observed a positive impact on the patient's family members' personal, emotional and relational well-being after ketamine was introduced.


In this issue, Johnson and colleagues provide a remarkable demonstration of the potential for "chemoprevention" of cancer from mutagenic chemicals. The authors demonstrated complete protection of rats fromacarcinogenictreatmentregimenwiththepotentdietary mutagenandhepatocarcinogen,aflatoxinB1 (AFB) by pretreatment with a synthetic oleanane triterpenoid, 1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-Im). This study is notable for two reasons: (i) Activation of the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE "antioxidant response" pathway by CDDO-Im conferred complete protection against AFB-induced hepatocellular carcinomas in the Fisher F344 rat (a strain frequently used in life-time carcinogenicity bioassays), and (ii) extensive AFB‐DNA adduct formation was seen in all animals at early time points, including those treated with CDDO-Im, albeit at lower levels (� 30% of the untreated animals), suggesting a strong divergence in the association between early DNA-damaging events, and tumor formation later in life. The authors suggest that this provides compelling experimental support for the concept of carcinogenic "thresholds" for mutagenic chemicals, because the treatment reduced persistent, mutagenic adducts (AFB‐FAPyr adducts) only by 70%, but nearly completely eliminated tumors after approximately 2 years and preneoplastic lesions 6 weeks after the last dose of AFB. Cancer Prev Res; 7(7); 653–7. � 2014 AACR.


The Article is devoted to consideration of the specific requirements of the enforcement machinery in the process of incarnation prohibiting legal requirements in life. Provides an overview of the most common mistakes in the activities of the law enforcement authorities allowed them in the course of legal prohibitions. Attention is drawn to the need for a more careful study of problems of technology of application of the prohibitions in the law.


Right © 2013 by Korean Society of Spine Surgery; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. NAOSITE: Nagasaki University's Academic Output SITE


ABSTRACT Sensitization workshops as an exampleof education for geoconservation of geological sites of the "Quadrilatero Ferrifero" Geopark, MinasGerais State: The project of implementation of pilot geological sites in the Quadrilatero Ferrifero Geopark, supported by the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), involved workshops to raise awareness surrounding communities. The objectives were: (a) to introduce concepts of geological heritage, geoconservation and geodiversity; (b) disseminate knowledge of the geological heritage present on the Quadrilatero Ferrifero and (c) increase community participation in the regional development based on the geopark concept. The workshops were conducted at the site of the Serra da Piedade, Serra do Caraca and Mina de Passagem and based on the method of action research with recreational activities to minimize barriers and facilitate understanding. Despite the heterogeneity of the group, it was perceived unanimous interest in the value of geological heritage virtually unknown by the community. The participants could also clearly feel the conciliatory aspect of the geopark proposal regarding the conservation and economic use of the territory.


The atrioventricular node (AVN) can act as a subsidiary cardiac pacemaker if the sinoatrial node fails. In this study, we investigated the effects of the Na–Ca exchange (NCX) inhibitor KB-R7943, and inhibition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), using thapsigargin or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), on spontaneous action potentials (APs) and [Ca]i transients from cells isolated from the rabbit AVN. Spontaneous [Ca]i transients were monitored from undialysed AVN cells at 37 ◦C using Fluo-4. In separate experiments, spontaneous APs and ionic currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Rapid application of 5 M KB-R7943 slowed or stopped spontaneous APs and [Ca]i transients. However, in voltage clamp experiments in addition to blocking NCX current (I ) KB-R7943 trioventricular node (AVN)


The descriptions of paradise are numerous and precise in the Qur'ān:
 in relation to their total coherence with one another, they surely come
 from a unique source. Furthermore, they reflect a social model present in
 many regions of the seventh-century Near East: the Persian banquet, as
 enjoyed in the Sasanian Empire. Not only the vocabulary, but the objects,
 the people, the physical or mental attitudes, the food, and the beverages
 are all taken from the imagery of the banquets at the Persian court. Hence
 the quranic paradise is clearly not of religious, but of profane origin. And
 this offers evidence that one should consider not only Palestine, but also
 Mesopotamia, as a source of inspiration for the authors of the Qur'ān – and
 as a site of excavation for the original quranic milieu.


Introduction Vitiligo is characterized with white patches on the skin and alteration of melanocytes in dermoepidermal junction. Autoimmune mechanisms with an underlying genetic predisposition are the most likely causes of vitiligo. This study was performed to evaluate immune disturbance in vitiligo and clarify its more details. Materials and Methods A total of 29 vitiligo patients and 21 healthy controls were included in this case control study. Complete blood count was measured and peripheral blood samples were evaluated flowcytometrically for surface antigenic markers including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16, CD56 and CD25 for determining the percentage and total number of various lymphocyte subgroups. Patients with different clinical subtypes were compared with each other and controls in terms of the flowcytometry results. Obtained information was assessed by SPSS statistical software. Results Total numbers of CD3+, CD8+Â T cells, B cells and CD25+Â cells were significantly increased in generalized type vitiligo patients in comparison with localized type. CD25+Â cells were also increased significantly in generalized and stable types of vitiligo compared with healthy controls and finally the total number of lymphocytes was significantly decreased in localized type vitiligo patients in comparison with healthy controls. Conclusion Our data indicate cellular immune disturbance in vitiligo. Disorders of immune regulatory system may play a major role in this context. Significant CD25+Â or regulatory T cells increment in different clinical subtypes of the disease is in favor of the above hypothesis. Later and larger studies may result in new and effective routs of treatment for vitiligo acting through regulating immune system.


A QSAR analysis of the antitumor, antimetastatic and anti-colony formation (for metastatic colonies) activities of eighteen nitroazoles and their nitro anion radical and nitroso anion radical derivatives against melanoma B16 in mice is reported. The QSAR models were built With the use of the frontal polygon method. This approach has features of different 3D QSAR methodologies. The procedure allows to build robust models with high predictive ability even in series of diverse and conformationally flexible compounds. Key atomic characteristics (hydrophobicity and refraction increments, partial charge) accompany the geometrical requirements in the analysis of local 3D molecular similarity. By variation of weight coefficients for these properties it is possible to achieve better quality of QSAR and evaluate the importance of each characteristic for biological activity under consideration. It is the evidence that molar refraction and charge characteristics of nitro anion radical derivatives are more significant for interaction with molecular targets than those of the parent compounds and of the nitroso anion radical derivatives. Thus, the step of one-electron reduction of nitroazoles can be important for antitumor, anti-metastatic and anti-colony formation activity of these drugs.


The crystallization behavior of stoichiometric feldspar gels and glasses before and after seeding has been compared, and the role of epitaxy in their crystallization upon seeding has been studied. The crystallization products were mainly determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and epitaxy upon seeding was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). It was found that upon isostructural seeding, Na and K-feldspars crystallized epitaxially from their gels and/or glasses. Little or no seeding effect was found in CaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 8} and SrAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 8} gels and glasses. Isostructural seeding in BaAl{sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 8} gets increased the formation of Ba-feldspar (monoclinic celsian) epitaxially, whereas without seeding hexacelsian was the crystallization product.


of life could not be captured in any static nomenclature. Given Piaget's later career, it is also noteworthy that the encounter with Bergson was as much an introduction to psychology and epistemology as it was a confrontation with metaphysics; after all, Bergson's key term 'duration' is primarily a psychological category. In Piaget's contemporaneous treatment of mimicry and isolation, Vidal identifies further Bergsonian influences. Mimicry was the result of 'passive adaptation', that is, the foreseeable result of natural selection. Like Bergson, Piaget was much more interested in 'active adaptation' which was due to instincts and the will, unpredictable, and expressive of 'evolutionary tendencies'. These tendencies surfaced when geographical isolation facilitated the heritability of acquired characteristics. A new species could be defined in terms of such 'evolutionary tendencies'. Up until 1914 Piaget worked first and foremost on natural history and Bergson's philosophy of creative evolution. The First World War changed his agenda. Religion in general, and its relation to science in particular, became now the poles around which his thinking revolved. Central for the 'Swiss Christian Students' Association'which provided the immediate environment and audience for Piaget's published prayer, prose poem, and Bildungsroman — were an opposition to religious dogma, a Christian socialism, a belief in the healing effects of nature (especially of the Swiss mountains), and the need to undergo a religious crisis. These elements can all be found in Piaget, too. In his various publications between 1914 and 1918, Piaget sought to combine his religious views with his Bergsonism, for example by arguing that religious consciousness and Bergsonian intuition are identical, or that religion is but an expression of the elan vital. In a prose poem, he went further and proposed a Neoplatonic metaphysics. While his writings were religious in emphasis, they were not concerned with theology; religion was rooted in the individual's heart, according to Piaget, and based entirely on faith in Christ. Piaget also spoke out against the war, and expressed the view that an ultimate liberation of humankind could come only through feminism. Around 1916/17 he spent a few months in a mountain health resort in Leysin. The diary kept during that period became the backbone of his autobiographical novel Recherche (1918). Central here was the idea of the 'equilibrium': Piaget wanted to develop a new ideal of the individual, of society, and of knowledge, in order to overcome the unresolved oppositions and contradictions of his day. The key to all this was a new 'equilibrium'. This concept was derived from Piaget's adoption of psychoanalysis: to achieve one's personal equilibrium was to assimilate one's 'complexes' into an integrated personality. Complexes here referred to ensembles of past ideas and emotions, and to interiorized others. The personal equilibrium was the model for social and theological equilibria. This is a fine, scholarly account of the early years of one of the towering figures of modern psychology. It succeeds in situating Piaget within his social and intellectual context. The study is also highly convincing where it corrects Piaget's autobiographical writings. Because of the care and clarity with which Vidal introduces various philosophical and theological views of the time, it will be of interest to anyone interested in this period of French and French-Swiss culture. My only quarrel with the book is its occasional attempt to read ideas of the (very) young Piaget as foreshadowing theoretical positions in the work of the mature Piaget decades later. For instance, it seems strange to me to suggest that Piaget's belief of 1915 that humans are condemned to create themselves is 'reconstructed' by him, fifty years later, into his constructive epistemology (p. 173).


We previously reported that the specific IgE levels to αs1‐casein (CN) and β‐CN in patients with cow's milk allergy decreased with similar dynamics during oral immunotherapy. Therefore, we hypothesized that αs1‐ and β‐CN have strong cross‐reactivity among CN components, despite the low similarity in the full‐length amino acid sequences.


It is known that England is administered by the Justices of the Peace who are nominated by the King. These magistrates are all taken from the landowning class. In this arrangement there are two things which particularly shock our democratic habits: The first is exclusively to put provincial affairs into the hands of great landowners, the second that they are nominated by the King. This state of things shocks us not only because it is contrary to our customs, but because it is contrary to a certain general theory of democracy which is generally accepted in our country. But it is not in the least so accepted in England. There are in fact complaints against the order of things I have described. The Justices of the Peace are attacked indirectly and on certain points of detail in various political writings, butt there is no great current of opinion against them. The need for change does not make itself generally felt, and the people qutite quietly lets itself be taxed and governed by men it does not nominate and who are not taken from its ranks. If democratic ideas and passions were as developed in England as is presumed, this would certainly not be so.-De Tocqueville (1 833)


Objective To evaluate the effects of different corti- costeroid medications in the prevention of diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods Two hundred and eight cases (416 eyes) were randomly divided into two groups. The study group was treated with TobraDex eye drops for one week, and then with 0.1% Flurometholon in the succeeding 3 weeks, three, two and one time per day respectively. The control group was treated in successive weeks four, three, two and one time per day with 0.1% Flurometholon, and then treated with Trobex for a week. Intraocular pressure (IOP), DLK and clinical stages were assessed postoperation. Results No significant differ- ence in IOP were found at different stages postoperation. There were 7 eyes (3.3%) with DLK 3 days after the operation, all in stage Ⅰ, as well as 25 eyes (12.0%) in the control group, among which 20 eyes were in stage Ⅰ(80.0%) and 5 eyes in stage Ⅱ(20.0%). There was 1 eye (3.3%) with DLK 7 days after surgery in study group, and 18 eyes (8.6%) in control group, among which 15 eyes were in stage Ⅰ(83.3%) and 3 eyes in stage Ⅱ(16.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of DLK between the two groups. Conclusion Short-term corticosteroid eye drop treatment is a safe and effective procedure after LASIK surgery for myopia, which can decrease the incidence of DLK and promote clinical progress. The drops have no obvious effect on elevating IOP.


This paper examines gender differences in citations for articles published in top-five economics journals. On average, male-authored papers are cited more than femaleauthored papers. Yet this finding is driven by a small number of highly cited papers, most of which were written by men—many of whom are Nobel prize winners—over 30 years ago. After controlling for time, author prominence and including either fixed effects for 91 superstar economists or all Nobel prize winners, I find female-authored papers are actually cited more. Moreover, when skewness in the distribution of citations is adjusted using the inverse hyperbolic sine function, female-authored papers are always cited more. I additionally estimate the marginal impact of co-authoring with more women for male authors, only. Using a fixed effects framework, I find that men earn 13 log points more citations when they increase the share of female co-authors on a paper by 50 percent. I conclude by roughly applying a theoretical framework developed inHengel (2018) to identify the cause behind higher citations in female-authored papers. The results demonstrate suggestive evidence that women's higher citations are driven by factors outside their control.


The present invention provides a liquid container, a container holder, and a liquid consuming apparatus capable of things, a high-density accommodating the liquid container together without degrading the electrical connection of the contact between the apparatus-side terminals and the circuit board. In the inserting direction front end face 11 of the ink cartridge 100 having a flat substantially rectangular shape, two side surfaces intersecting the short sides (15, 16) are arranged such that each of the upper and lower. The side 15 has a circuit board 17 on the upper side of the ink cartridge 100, the side 25 of the lower side is provided with a container side fixing structure 40.


This paper introduces a Multi Factor Tensor(MFT) model to recognize motion styles and person identities in dance sequences. We apply a musical information analysis method in segmenting the motion sequence relevant to the key poses and the musical rhythm. We define a task model considering the repeated motion segments, where the motion is decomposed into person invariant factor task and person dependant factor style. We capture the motion data of different people for a few cycles, segment it using the musical analysis approach, normalize the segments using a vectorization method, and realize our MFT model. The experiments are conducted according to two approaches. Various experiments that we conduct to evaluate the potential of the recognition ability of our proposed approaches and the results demonstrate the high accuracy of our model. The recognition results and the motion decomposition will be used in further extending the motion generation process in various styles and for different tasks.


The basic objective of this research was to estimate land use changes associated with US corn ethanol production up to the 15 billion gallon Renewable Fuel Standard level implied by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. We also used the estimated land use changes to calculate Greenhouse Gas Emissions associated with the corn ethanol production.

* The research underlying this report was partially funded by Argonne National Laboratory. We are deeply indebted to Dr. Michael Wang for his many contributions to this research. Throughout the process, he has consistently posed excellent questions that have stimulated more thinking and modifications on our part. Also, for this final paper, he provided an excellent set of insightful suggestions and comments that have improved the paper significantly. Of course, the authors are solely responsible for the content of and any errors in the report.


A process has been developed for cross-linking cotton fabrics with formaldehyde at temperatures between 80°C and 130°C using sulfur dioxide as a catalyst. Reaction times of 2-5 min are required. To obtain wrinkle recovery angles between 300° and 330°, fabrics should be pretreated with a soft film-forming additive. Wash-wear ratings of 41 2 and crease retention ratings of 4 were obtained with twill. Trouser cuffs made from twill or printcloth had approximately double the laundering life of cuffs of equal wash-wear ratings made with Permafresh. Fabrics treated with formaldehyde retained their wrinkle recovery values through at least 15 wash-dry cycles. Ammonium chloride, substituted for the sulfur dioxide catalyst, caused the desired amount of formaldehyde to react in 1-2 min. When zinc nitrate was substituted for sulfur dioxide, the reaction required 5-6 min.


The current research proposed the concept of dynamic relationship orientation and tested it as a mediator accounting for the relation between the within-individual variations of perceived stress and interpersonal interactions in close relationships. Communal and exchange orientation were considered to be two interaction schemas that could be dynamically activated in different relationships across different situations. Participants' daily stress and interaction with their mother and romantic partner were measured for 14 consecutive days. Results confirmed that lower activation of the communal schema on a day significantly mediated the negative association between daily perceived stress and constructive interactions in both relationships. The findings supported the important role of dynamic relationship orientation in linking situational factors with interpersonal interactions. The concept of dynamic relationship orientation provides a new theoretical framework to integrate research on contextual factors and relationship dynamics.


Geophysical and lithologic well-log data from 30 wells and chloride data, and water-level data from oil-test wells, supply wells, and observation wells were evaluated to define the hydrogeologic framework at the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina. Elements of the hydrogeologic framework important to this study include six aquifers and their respective confining units. In descending order, these aquifers are the surficial, Yorktown, Pungo River, upper and lower Castle Hayne, and Beaufort. The upper and lower Castle Hayne and Beaufort aquifers and related confining units are relatively continuous throughout the study area. The surficial, Yorktown, Pungo River, and upper and lower Castle Hayne aquifers contain freshwater. The upper and lower Castle Hayne aquifers serve as the Air Station's principal supply of freshwater. However, the lower Castle Hayne aquifer contains brackish water near its base and there is potential for upward movement of this water to supply wells completed in this aquifer. The potential for brackish-water encroachment is greatest if wells are screened too deep in the lower Castle Hayne aquifer or if pumping rates are too high. Lateral movement of brackish water into aquifers incised by estuarine streams is also possible if ground-water flow gradients toward these bodies are reversed by pumping. The potential for the reversed movement of water from the surficial aquifer downward to the water-supply aquifer is greatest in areas where clay confining units are missing. These missing clay units could indicate the presence of a paleochannel of the Neuse River. A quasi three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model was constructed and calibrated to simulate conditions at and in the vicinity of the Air Station for the period of 1987-90. Comparisons of 94 observed and computed heads were made, and the average difference between them is -0.2 feet with a root mean square error of 5.7 feet. An analysis was made to evaluate the sensitivity of the model to the absence of the Yorktown and Pungo River confining units in a 1-square-mile area in the southern part of the Air Station. This analysis resulted in a maximum simulated head increase of 2 feet in one 0.11square-mile model cell in the Pungo River aquifer. INTRODUCTION The water supply of the Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station (fig. 1) has been derived from the upper and lower Castle Hayne aquifers, primarily the upper Castle Hayne aquifer, since the Air Station opened in 1942. The water-bearing parts of the Castle Hayne aquifer can be threatened with contamination by brackish water and(or) by waste compounds that have been disposed of or spilled at many sites on the Air Station (Murray and Keoughan, 1990). Some of these sites lack


The work of the Supreme Court does not lend itself well to territorial division. The Court does not concern itself with the South as such or with any other region of the country. Even though the statement may have an element of triteness, the task of the Court is the equal applic4tion of equal laws. Without regional differentiation it interprets and applies the Constitution and federal statutes in the cases and controversies which are brought before it. Yet the work of the Court does in numerous instances have profound local import. Because of the peculiar economic and social problems of the South, certain groups of constitutional and statutory issues are raised primarily in cases which arise in that environment. In other words, certain constitutional and statutory provisions which are strictly general in phraseology bear in peculiar fashion on the South because of the conditions which prevail therein. It can be said, in brief, that the guarantees of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments and of certain other constitutional provisions as they apply particularly to negroes, while applicable everywhere, bring cases to the Supreme Court primarily from the South. From that area come most of the cases involving discrimination against negroes in the selection of juries and grand juries; those dealing with coerced confessions of guilt; those involving the right of defendants to counsel; those dealing with the rights of negroes to equal education and equal facilities in public transportation; and those having to do with excluding negroes from the polls. It is also true that certain general regulatory acts of Congress have borne with peculiar heaviness upon the economy of the South or have peculiarly affected the sen-


Given samples of a real or complex-valued function on a set of distinct nodes, the traditional linear Chebyshev approximation is to compute the best minimax approximation on a prescribed linear functional space. Lawson's iteration is a classical and well-known method for that task. However, Lawson's iteration converges linearly and in many cases, the convergence is very slow. In this paper, by the duality theory of linear programming, we first provide an elementary and self-contained proof for the well-known Alternation Theorem in the real case. Also, relying upon the Lagrange duality, we further establish an $L_q$-weighted dual programming for the linear Chebyshev approximation. In this framework, we revisit the convergence of Lawson's iteration, and moreover, propose a Newton type iteration, the interior-point method, to solve the $L_2$-weighted dual programming. Numerical experiments are reported to demonstrate its fast convergence and its capability in finding the reference points that characterize the unique minimax approximation.


Random segregation of chromosomes during meiosis is a widely accepted key aspect of sexual reproduction. However there is increasing evidence that chromosomal heteromorphisms can lead to non-random segregation at meiosis [1]. The platypus features a large NOR heteromorphism on its singular NOR on chromosome 6. This autosome shares extensive homology to the X chromosome of other mammals. Here we investigated whether this NOR heteromorphism is associated with non-random meiotic segregation of this proto-sex chromosome. First we determined that the heteromorphism is found in both sexes although it is more prominent in females than in males. Our results suggest that this is in part due to hypermethylation of the NOR region in females but not in males. Importantly we found first evidence of non-random segregation of this autosome in platypus male meiosis. Our data suggests that negative selection might act against X-bearing sperm carrying the chromosome 6 with the large NOR. This work provides a possible mechanism that may have influenced the evolution of chromosome 6 as a sex chromosome in therian mammals.


This work proposes a likelihood ratio test to assist in the selection of the Beta-Skew-t-EGARCH model with one or two volatility components. To improve the performance of the proposed test in small samples, the bootstrap-based likelihood ratio test and the bootstrap Bartlett correction are considered. The finite sample performance of the tests are assessed using Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical evidence favors the bootstrap-based test. The tests are applied to the DAX log-returns. The results demonstrate the practical usefulness of the proposed two-component tests.


By replacing mercury lamps with solid-state light sources as the light sources of projectors, advantages such as long-life, mercury-free, instantaneous lighting, and high-color-rendering characteristics can be obtained, but low brightness is a problem. In a solid-state light source projector in which blue semiconductor lasers and a yellow phosphor are combined and the phosphor plane and screen are optically conjugate with each other, if the blue laser beam on the phosphor plane is expanded using a diffusion plate to avoid a decrease in the luminous efficiency of the phosphor, the light utilization efficiency decreases and the light intensity distribution becomes non-uniform on the phosphor plane. In this research, a computer-generated hologram, a free-form element, and a polarizing free-form element were designed as light intensity distribution control elements to improve the above two characteristics. The use of each light intensity distribution control element showed an improvement over the diffusion plate through a numerical simulation.


The existing problems have been analyzed comprehensively in the team construction of laboratory technicians,and some corresponding countermeasures and solution have been put forward to actually develop the laboratory technicians.


We investigate the associations between background galaxies and foreground clusters of galaxies due to the effect of gravitational lensing by clusters of galaxies. Similar to the well-known quasar-galaxy ones, these associations depend sensitively on the shape of galaxy number-magnitude or number-flux relation, and both positive and ``negative" associations are found to be possible, depending on the limiting magnitude and/or the flux threshold in the surveys. We calculate the enhancement factors assuming a singular isothermal sphere model for clusters of galaxies and a pointlike model for background sources selected in three different wavelengths, $B$, $K$ and radio. Our results show that $K-$ selected galaxies might constitute the best sample to test the ``negative" associations while it is unlikely that one can actually observe any association for blue galaxies. We also point out that bright radio sources ($S>1$ Jy) can provide strong positive associations, which may have been already detected in 3CR sample.


Abstract : The results are presented of investigations on aerosol- and trace-gas rain-out and wash-out by cloud- and rain droplets. These investigations were performed during last year at four different locations, namely Frankfurt/Main, Taunus observatory, Mt. Kleiner Feldberg, observatory on Mt. Zugspitze and at St. Moritz, Switzerland. These stations show a wide variety with respect to altitude, climate, supply and production of atmospheric trace-substances. Besides the chemical analysis of individual rainfalls, gaseous traces and aerosols were also microchemically analyzed. During the second stage of the investigation, a detailed picture of individual rainfalls was gained by continuous records of the variation of certain components during rainfall.


Condition monitoring is a health assessment technique worldwide accepted and very popular in many industries especially where there are rotating machines involved in the processes. These techniques ...


In the present investigation, synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using fresh leaf extract of Aristolochia bracteata Retz. (Aristolochiaceae). The extract incubated with AgNO3 showed gradual change in the colour of the extract from greenish to reddish brown it indicates the silver nanopaticles synthesis. The nanoparticles were characterized and investigated by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Visible absorption spectrum recorded for the solution shows the distinguishing surface plasmon significance band for silver nanoparticles in the range of 375 nm to 620nm. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of different functional groups like secondary Alcohol (O-H stretch, H-bonded), Alkanes (-C-H- stretch), Alkene (C=C- stretching), Aromatic (C=C stretching), Alkane (-C-H bending), Ether (C-O stretching), Alkene (=C-H bending). The characterization of silver nanoparticles by XRD studies revealed the average particle size to be 7.2nm. On assessment with the silver nitrate and plant extracts, silver nanoparticles outperformed the antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Micrococcus luteus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.


INTRODUCTION According to ayurvediya ahara and jatharagni are the most important for all the biological activities or a living body. Living body is an end result of food while diseases are end results of unwhol some diet. All diseases are due to hypo fun tioning of agni. Agni is a coin; health and diseases being its two sides. nourishes the body tissues etc. through ahara-rasa. If this is one side of the coin, then what is the other side? If on one side ahara-rasa plays a role in the maintenance of health then what factor on the other side plays a role in the pathogenesis of the di eases. What is the hidden link between Review Article International Ayurvedic Medical Journal ISSN:2320 5091


Methods of measuring service quality have suffered from a lack of discussion about perceptual processes involved in a consumer's evaluation of quality. Most importantly, it is the perception of service quality at the time of the next purchase decision that may better explain repeat buying behaviour, rather than the traditional measure taken immediately post‐consumption. This paper reports on a study of visitors to an adventure theme park. A longitudinal study employing a modified SERVQUAL scale observed that perceptions of service quality declined with the passage of time. Perceptions of items of high importance and those involving tangible elements declined the least. Changes in individuals' perceptions over time were found to be associated with changes in behavioural intention.


In order to investigate the structural stability for zircon in mothball waste form of radionuclide to resist γ-ray irradiation, the zircon crystals, which are collected from Australia, are studied. The crystal grains are irradiated by a 60 Co γ-ray source with 1728 kGy doses. The chemical compositions of zircons are analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Moreover, phases, structures and microstructures of the samples before and after γ-ray irradiation are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the new phases are not found in the crystals before and after γ-ray irradiation with 1728 kGy. The crystal cell parameters change by 10 -4 before and after irradiation. Moreover, no obvious damage to the structure is found in the zircon irradiated by γ-ray with 1728 kGy dose. So, the zircon possesses a better capability to resist γ-ray irradiation which hardly influence the degree of disorder for zircon.


(i) A set is a cylinder if and only if it is an ^-cylinder for each n > 1. (ii) The class of all (n+l)-cylinders is a proper subset of the class of all π-cylinders for each n > 1. (iii) For each n > 1, the class of all ^-cylinders contains a simple set and hence a nonsplinter. (iv) For each n > 1, the class of all ^-cylinders contains a nonsimple nonsplinter. (v) A set P is an ^-cylinder (n > 1) if and only if there is a recursive function g such that for all x,


BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations cause a substantially increased life time risk of both breast and ovarian cancer. Mutational screening of these genes by means of Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) in breast and/or ovarian cancer‐prone families from Southern Germany revealed 15 novel BRCA1 and 8 novel BRCA2 sequence variants. Predictions on the BRCA1/BRCA2 protein functions lead to the identification of 11 novel deleterious cancer predisposing mutations. Mutation types and their functional relevances are discussed. Our data contribute to phenotype‐genotype correlation studies and to the characterisation of the mutation spectrum of BRCA1/BRCA2. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


ABSTRACT Urban arterial performance evaluation has been broadly studied, with the major focus on average travel time estimation. However, in view of the stochastic nature of interrupted flow, the ability to capture the characteristics of travel time variability has become a critical step in determining arterial level of service (LOS). This article first presents a stochastic approach that integrates classic cumulative curves and probability theories in order to investigate delay variability at signalized intersections, as a dominant part of the link travel time variability. This serves as a basis for arterial travel time estimation, which can be obtained through a convolution of individual link travel time distributions. The proposed approach is then applied in the estimation of travel time along one arterial in Shanghai, China, with abundant automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data sources. The travel time variability is evaluated thoroughly at 30-min intervals, with promising results achieved in comparison to the field measurements. In addition, the estimated travel time distributions are utilized to illustrate the probability of multiple LOS ranges, namely, reliability LOS. The results provide insights into how we might achieve a more reliable and informative understanding of arterial performance.


This paper applies the GS-PD framework of Ho (1988) to show that the so-called 'battle of ideas' between 'Keynesians', who believe in intervention, and the champions of the market, who believe in non-intervention, as popularly depicted, diverts attention from the crux of the matter. It shows how monetary and fiscal policies have to be coordinated in specific situations and why some macroeconomic problems may require responses beyond the purview of monetary and fiscal policies. Copyright 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd


Two basic techniques for the isolation of active elements within a monolithic silicon planar integrated circuit are described. The first method consists of placing back-biased silicon diodes between each active element. The high impedance of the silicon junction below breakdown voltage acts as the isolating element. This impedance is frequency dependent, since the junction has a parasitic capacitance associated with it. This parasitic capacitance limits circuit performance at very high frequencies. The second method of isolation involves forming the active elements within a high resistivity silicon substrate. The high sheet resistance of the substrate is used to form regions of high impedance between the active elements. This impedance is not frequency dependent and circuit performance at high frequencies is not limited by this isolation scheme.


Taoism, also known as Daoism, is a Chinese school of thought which originated during the fourth century B.C., encouraging its followers to "seek harmony with nature and with other human beings through a simple life" ("Daoism"). This philosophy is based on the concept of the Tao, which is "an original Oneness in things, an eternal underlying foundation of being, from which the many parts of the universe continuously spring and into which they continuously return" ("Daoism"). Tao, also known as "the Way" or "the path," transcends opposites and categories; Taoist thinkers believe in searching for the middle ground that exists between illusory opposites (Tzu 557). Taoist principles, such as that of "the Way," and thought patterns, found in the Taoist book, the Chuang Tzu, can be applied to the interpretation of Gilgamesh and The Oxford Book of Late Medieval Verse and Prose, cross-cultural literary works which present women in the two extremes mentioned in Gilbert and Gubar's essay, "The Madwoman in the Attic." Two opposites and extremes are presented by Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar in their essay, "The Madwoman in the Attic." Discussing the portrayal of women in various literary works, Gilbert and Gubar's thesis is that "a woman writer must examine, assimilate, and transcend the extreme images of 'angel' and 'monster,' which male authors have generated for her" (Gilbert and Gubar 812). These two definitions of women, which are imposed by men, give women no freedom of self-definition in the literary world. Female writers are more or less challenged to search for the middle ground in female literary personalities. The thesis of "The Madwoman in the Attic" is very much a Taoist mode of thought; Gilbert and Gubar are stressing the importance of finding a balance between portraying and interpreting females and female personas as good or evil, "angels" or "monsters." Exemplifying the thesis of Gilbert and Gubar, The Oxford Book of Late Medieval Verse and Prose, edited by Douglas Gray, contains several lyric poems written in Middle English, portraying Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ, as an "angel," or a woman of complete virtue. For example, the poet in "Adam Lay Ibounden" rationalizes Adam's taking of the infamous apple, because if he had not eaten it, then "Ne hadde never our Lady a ben hevene qwen" (Gray 161). This line translated into modern English means that, without the fall of Adam, Mary would have never become the queen of heaven because Christ's birth would not have been necessary. The poems "I Sing of a Maiden" and "The Rose that bore Jesu" also categorize Mary as an "angel." In "I Sing of a Maiden," Mary is first referred to as "makeles," meaning that she is a spotless virgin (Gray 161). The poem culminates with the lines, "Moder and maydyn was never non but che --/ Wel may swych a lady Godes moder be" (Gray 161). Translated into modern English, these lines state that Mary is the only woman who was both a mother and a maiden, and it is appropriate that such a woman was the mother of Christ (Gray 161). "The Rose that bore Jesu," which refers to Mary as a rose in its very title, further characterizes Mary as a saint or "angel" by referring to her as the medium through which people may discover God and the trinity (Gray 163). The characterization of Mary in each of these poems represents the epitome of Gilbert and Gubar's thesis; Mary is viewed as one-sided. She is seen as a woman solely of virtue; based on these poems alone, readers would not conclude that a "monster" or any type of evil nature existed in Mary. Therefore, we can conclude that Mary is an excellent example of one literary extreme; she represents the eternal goodness of woman. Another literary work that categorizes women as an extreme is the ancient Middle-Eastern epic poem, Gilgamesh. Called "the first great heroic narrative of world literature," Gilgamesh was written over a period of approximately one thousand years, and the "earliest written versions of


This paper based on a kind of hybrid machine tool. The structure of hardware and the application of PMAC in the control system of the machine are introduced. This system uses double CPUS mode and the software is developed in Windows platform. Besides, the interpolation strategy and the interpolation algorithm for the machine are proposed


We developed a setup to probe the refractive index of the magnetic fluid films under external magnetic fields. This setup possesses a high resolution of 0.0001 in the measured refractive index. It was found that the refractive index of the magnetic fluid depends linearly on the concentration of the dilute magnetic fluid under zero field. For a given magnetic fluid film, the refractive index increases with the increasing field strength over a critical value, and then becomes saturated as the field reaches around 200 Oe. It is noteworthy that the magnetically modulated refractive index of the magnetic fluid films could have great potential in electro-optical applications.


Detailed studies of major uplifts in the central Rocky Mountains indicate that Cenozoic structures developed through predominantly vertical movements. This kinematic configuration in upper crustal levels is not necessarily incompatible with the concept of a laterally moving lithospheric plate, particularly if the plate overrides an oceanic rise or other undulation in the upper mantle. Lineaments are important tectonic elements in the movement plan. Some are well established, but others are only provisionally located or speculative. Much more work is needed to determine precisely the presence or absence of these large features and to define their characteristics. These lineaments could be entirely Cenozoic in age and represent crustal adjustments above transform faults, or could be reactivated zones of deformation along much older, even Precambrian lines of weakness. Evidence of intracontinental mobility through much of the Cenozoic suggests one possible sequence of events. In Early Cretaceous the west coast was east of the Pacific rise and bordered a subduction zone. By the Eocene, the plate had moved west over the subduction zone, the effects of which may have been Laramide deformation in the eastern Cordillera. Widespread erosion and gravel deposition beginning in the Oligocene may be related to a slowing or ceasing of drift 38 m.y. ago. A considerable change in patterns, rates, and relative motions of plates 20 to 10 m.y. ago and subsequent renewed westward drift coincides with the increased tectonic activity in western North America since the Pliocene. End_of_Article - Last_Page 629------------


Methyl N-(2-(benzoylamino)benzoyl)-2-aminoalkanoates 4a-d were efficiently prepared by DCC coupling of 2-benzoylamino-benzoic acid 1 with amino acid methyl esters; or alternatively by reaction of amino acid esters with 2-phenyl-4H-benzo(d)(1,3)oxazin-4-one (2). Dipeptides 7a-k were subsequently prepared following the azide-coupling method from esters 4.


Regarding the multilevel structure of customer satisfaction (CS) measurement index in mobile industry, which ordinary structural equation model (SEM) cannot deal with directly, in this paper we propose multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) in which some observed variables have secondary observed variables. Then we apply the partial least squares (PLS) to estimate parameters of the model. Finally the MSEM and PLS given in this paper are used to evaluate the CS in mobile industry. We measure CS degree of this industry, and find some important factors which affect CS remarkably. Our research results also support some CS theory. The empirical analysis shows that MSEM is reasonable and effective to solve the multilevel structure problem.


- Rotary Kilns has been widely used for processing minerals, producing cement, calcining of rotary kilns consume energy intensively. Therefore it is desired to assess the thermal losses from the kiln surface and find a way to reduce the energy losses. The paper gives an insight in the mathematical modelling of rotary kiln of a DRI Plant to investigate the savings by painting the kiln outer surface with low-emissivity paint. However, it must be carefully evaluated the insulation effect of the paint because good insulation will increase the metal shell temperature. Too much temperature increase could result in structural problems induced by differential thermal expansion between the shell metal and the refractory bricks. In this paper, heat transfer analysis is conducted to help make a decision concerning paint selection and the potential consequence of painting the kiln surface. The paint emissivity has a significant effect on the kiln surface heat transfer. Lower emissivity paint decreases thermal losses but increases the kiln surface temperature. A commercial available paint with the emissivity of 0.65 is selected to achieve the optimum result of an energy saving of 369 kW without imposing detrimental destruction to the refractory brick's integrity inside the kiln. The amount of saving can increase if around emissivity of 0.5 can be selected but the availability of the quality of paint is another concern. Moreover with this emissivity, the reduction in coal consumption is around 3000 kg/day with an energy saving of 668kW.


ABSTRACT The activity of the membrane-bound H+-ATPase of the beer spoilage bacterium Lactobacillus brevis ABBC45 increased upon adaptation to bacteriostatic hop compounds. The ATPase activity was optimal around pH 5.6 and increased up to fourfold when L. brevis was exposed to 666 μM hop compounds. The extent of activation depended on the concentration of hop compounds and was maximal at the highest concentration tested. The ATPase activity was strongly inhibited by N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, a known inhibitor of FoF1-ATPase. Western blots of membrane proteins of L. brevis with antisera raised against the α- and β-subunits of FoF1-ATPase from Enterococcus hirae showed that there was increased expression of the ATPase after hop adaptation. The expression levels, as well as the ATPase activity, decreased to the initial nonadapted levels when the hop-adapted cells were cultured further without hop compounds. These observations strongly indicate that proton pumping by the membrane-bound ATPase contributes considerably to the resistance of L. brevis to hop compounds.


Complex event processing for pervasive computing must deal with various sources of error. In this paper, we focus on improving complex event detector handling of several types of communication error, in addition to timing errors caused by the lack of a global clock in distributed systems. We propose extensions to a complex event language that allow programmers specify a variety of detection policies. Although not a panacea, these policies help detectors tolerate a variety of errors such that the output they produce is sensible with respect to the semantics required by individual applications. Of particular interest is a detection policy that ensures no false positives are received. We discuss in detail the implementation of such a policy and the factors that influence its effectiveness. Finally, we evaluate an implementation of our policy, and show how performance is unaffected during normal operation, but that overhead increases with the number of errors.


The simple and partial correlation coefficients with relative humidity (RH) were found to be positively correlated with the severity of blight. The multiple correlations between disease severity and dependent variables viz., air temperature R.H. and cumulative rainfall was found to be 0.6711, showed that R.H. was directly correlated with the severity of leaf blight of colocasia. In fungicide management trials, propineb gave cent per cent germination followed by metalaxyl + mancozeb (Unilax) (99.2%) and metalaxyl + mancozeb (Ridomil MZ) (98.4%), however, minimum disease severity (1.8%) and maximum yield (24,300 kg/ha) were recorded in metalaxyl + mancozeb (Unilax) and followed by metalaxyl + mancozeb (Ridomil MZ) with 1.9% disease severity and 20,150 kg/ha corm yield.


Numerous studies have focused on the nature and transformation of former socialist regimes in Eastern Europe and their impact on existing institutional arrangements. Little attention, however, has been paid to formerly socialist states in Africa. Our paper seeks to address this gap by investigating how institutions have been affected by reform and in turn how they have affected the patterns of rural transformation. Institutionalist theory includes consideration of what happens when existing habits of thought are no longer capable of coordinating economic activity, due to a shift in the rules, organizations, or erosion in capacities—a situation termed 'institutional hiatus'. The end of socialist patterns of production and distribution in Tanzania, as in the former Soviet bloc countries, can be understood in terms of institutional hiatus and carefully examined for the development of new attitudes, new incentives, and new behavioral practices. Unlike the typical neo-liberal view that dichotomizes socialism and reform, we posit an approach that recognizes that the reform outcome is greatly shaped by the character of previous institutions. While our research focused on a number of important elements including: (property rights and land holdings; the mix of subsistence versus commercial agriculture; the organization of production and 1 Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association,


In the middle of the Ljubljana valley there is a peak called Grmada with an altitude of 676 and Smarna gora (Mount Saint Mary) with an altitude of 669 m.


Background. Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph+) characterized by BCR-BAL fusion genes are one of the major leukemogenic drivers for a number of leukemia, including acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Experimental models are important to study disease mechanisms and assess pharmaceuticals, including drug resistances/mechanisms. Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) are stem cell driven diseases and considered to be the most closely resembling the original patients including leukemia [1], in terms of histo-/molecular pathology and pharmacology [2]. As far as we know, there has yet to be reported of PDXs of Ph+ leukemia, and thus such models could be particular useful for drug evaluation and study drug resistance.
 Methods. Different B-lineage acute lymphoid leukemia (B-ALL) adult and pediatric patient bone marrow (BM) cells were engrafted into NOD/SCID mice or NSG-like mice, via IV injection (also intra-BM). The disease development is performed by monitoring peripheral blood for human CD45+ cells and cage-side clinical observations. At the terminal leukemia stage, the mice were gross-/histo-pathologically analyzed and immune-phenotyped for different affected tissues. The diseases are passed in mice by serially transplantations, and are by transcriptome sequenced-/pharmacologic-tested, enabling biomarker discovery.
 Results. We achieved aggressive and serially transferrable full-blown ALL in mice for a number of patient samples that cause 100% mortality. The diseases of the established B-ALL-PDXs (patient-derived xenografts) start at BM followed by the quick expansion to peripherals, e.g. spleen and blood. The leukemic cells in mice have similar morphology, phenotypes and genotypes, including five ALLs with different forms of BCR-ABL fusion as seen in the original patients. The treatments of these five Ph+-ALLs with imatinib, a TKI targeting BCR-ABL fusion, caused heterogeneous remissions in peripheral blood, spleen and bone among the five PDXs, along with the correspondingly relief of the symptoms and extension of life. This is largely as anticipated and confirms that BCR-ABL fusion are likely key leukemogenic drivers to the majority of these PDXs. One of the five Ph+-ALLs, AL7267, displayed complete resistance to imatinib, which could potentially be explained by the identification of NRAS-G12S mutation that is absent in other 4 BCR-ABL bearing PDXs and likely responsible for AL7267's non-response to imatinib.
 Conclusions. Our observations in the mouse trial of the five different Ph+ B-ALL-PDXs would suggest that individual patients of the same diseases could be greatly different in their response to TKIs targeting BCR-ABL, and NRAS mutation could be one of the important resistant mechanisms. These models could be useful tools to investigate drug resistance and the combination therapy to overcome the resistance.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This paper describes the way how enterprise deals with its credit risk by controlling the level of payment due and usage of appropriate credit policy. The calculations show possible change of net profit taking into consideration risk's strategy.


ABSTRACT Reservoirs considerably affect river streamflow and need to be accurately represented in environmental impact studies. Modeling reservoir outflow represents a challenge to hydrological studies since reservoir operations vary with flood risk, economic and demand aspects. The Brazilian Interconnected Energy System (SIN) is an example of a unique and complex system of coordinated operation composed by more than 160 large reservoirs. We proposed and evaluated an integrated approach to simulate daily outflows from most of the SIN reservoirs (138) using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, distinguishing run-of-the-river and storage reservoirs and testing cases whether outflow and level data were available as input. Also, we investigated the influence of the proposed input features (14) on the simulated outflow, related to reservoir water balance, seasonality, and demand. As a result, we verified that the outputs of the ANN model were mainly influenced by local water balance variables, such as the reservoir inflow of the present day and outflow of the day before. However, other features such as the water level of 4 large reservoirs that represent different regions of the country, which infers about hydropower demand through water availability, seemed to influence to some extent reservoirs outflow estimates. This result indicates advantages in using an integrated approach rather than looking at each reservoir individually. In terms of data availability, it was tested scenarios with (WITH_Qout) and without (NO_Qout and SIM_Qout) observed outflow and water level as input features to the ANN model. The NO_Qout model is trained without outflow and water level while the SIM_Qout model is trained with all input features, but it is fed with simulated outflows and water levels rather than observations. These 3 ANN models were compared with two simple benchmarks: outflow is equal to the outflow of the day before (STEADY) and the outflow is equal to the inflow of the same day (INFLOW). For run-of-the-river reservoirs, an ANN model is not necessary as outflow is virtually equal to inflow. For storage reservoirs, the ANN estimates reached median Nash-Sutcliffe efficiencies (NSE) of 0.91, 0.77 and 0.68 for WITH_, NO_ and SIM_Qout respectively, compared to a median NSE of 0.81 and 0.29 for the STEADY and INFLOW benchmarks respectively. In conclusion, the ANN models presented satisfactory performances: when outflow observations are available, WITH_Qout model outperforms STEADY; otherwise, NO_Qout and SIM_Qout models outperform INFLOW.


In process of the designing of shearer,there is a n eed to design mechan ical clutch in cutting parts of shearer,but in the small sized mining machine,be cause the space is narrow,it is difficult to install and operate the clutch A s i mple electric-control method can instead mechanical clutch in article,and it has feasibility


Contrary to previous report, the product ratio from the reaction of ethyl iodide with silver nitrate in ethanol varies with the salt concentration; the product rations obtained are very similar to those for the corresponding SN2 reactions of triethyloxonium hexafluorophosphate.


We develop a many-body theory for the properties of exciton-polaritons interacting strongly with a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of exciton-polaritons in another spin state. Interactions lead to the presence of a two-body bound state, the bi-exciton, giving rise to a Feshbach resonance in the polariton spectrum when its energy is equal to that of two free polaritons. Using the minimal set of terms to describe this resonance, our theory recovers the main findings of two experiments probing interaction effects for upper and lower polaritons in a BEC. This strongly supports that Feshbach physics has indeed been realized, and we furthermore extract the energy and decay of biexciton from the experimental data. The decay rate is predicted to be much larger than that coming from its dissociation into two free polaritons indicating that other decay channels are important.


The invention relates to a device adding an additive to a base fuel comprising: - a reservoir (4) additive, - means (7) for injecting the additive to the base fuel, means (7) injection being connected to the reservoir (4) additive by a pipe (8) power supply, - means (6a) for controlling the means (7) for injection of additive, characterized in that it further comprises: - means (5) for measuring the basic quantity of fuel supplied during a supply of the fuel, - means (6f) for determining the amount of additive to be injected depending on the basic quantity of fuel supplied during the supply.


We found several efficient nonlinear decays for Alfvén waves in the solar wind conditions. Depending on the wavelength, the dominant decay is controlled by the nonlinearities proportional to either scalar or vector products of wavevectors. The two-mode decays of the pump MHD Alfvén wave into co- and counter-propagating product Alfvén and slow waves are controlled by the scalar nonlinearities at long wavelengths (k0⊥ is wavenumber perpendicular to the background magnetic field, ω0 is frequency of the pump Alfvén wave, ρi is ion gyroradius, and ωci is ion–cyclotron frequency). The scalar decays exhibit both local and nonlocal properties and can generate not only MHD-scale but also kinetic-scale Alfvén and slow waves, which can strongly accelerate spectral transport. All waves in the scalar decays propagate in the same plane, hence these decays are two-dimensional. At shorter wavelengths, , three-dimensional vector decays dominate generating out-of-plane product waves. The two-mode decays dominate from MHD up to ion scales ρik0⊥ ≃ 0.3; at shorter scales the one-mode vector decays become stronger and generate only Alfvén product waves. In the solar wind the two-mode decays have high growth rates >0.1ω0 and can explain the origin of slow waves observed at kinetic scales.


It is shown that the nonzero eigenvalues of a stochastic matrix A all lie on the unit circle if and only if $A^2 $ has a stochastic group inverse. This is then used to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for A to have a stochastic spectral inverse. If A is doubly stochastic with a stochastic spectral inverse $A^s $, then $A^s $ is the Moore–Penrose inverse of A.


Abstract. The Gardens of Eden and Allah (GoEA) are two of New Zealand's largest icefields. However, their remote location and protected conservation status has limited access and complicated monitoring and research efforts. As a result, the behaviour and dynamics of these unique glaciers are poorly understood. We use annual minimum glacier-wide albedo ( α yrmin) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites over the period 2000-2018 to assess linkages between the spatial and temporal variability of α yrmin and glacier mass balance. The α yrmin for 12 individual glaciers, identified using a new objective glacier masking approach, ranges between 0.42 and 0.70, and can occur as early as mid-January and as late as the end of April. There is evidence that the timing of α yrmin has shifted to later in the summer over the 19-year period on 10 of the 12 glaciers. The largest negative departures in α yrmin (lower than average albedo) are consistent with high snow line altitudes (SLA) as determined from the End-of-Summer Snowline (EOSS) survey, which has monitored glaciers in the Southern Alps for over 40 years. While the record of α yrmin for Vertebrae Col 25, an index glacier of the EOSS survey and one of the GoEA glaciers, explains less than half of the variability observed in the corresponding EOSS SLA (R2 = 0.43, p = 0.003), the relationship is stronger when compared to other GoEA glaciers. Angel Glacier has the strongest relationship with EOSS observations at Vertebrae Col 25, accounting for 69% of its variance (p = 1.8 × 10−5). A key advantage in using the α yrmin approach is that it enables the variability in response of individual glaciers to be explored, revealing that topographic setting plays an important role in addition to the regional climate signal. MODIS imagery acquired from the Terra and Aqua platforms also provide insights about the spatial and temporal variability of clouds. The frequency of clouds in pixels west of the Main Divide is as high as 90 % during summer months, and reach a minimum of 35 % in some locations in winter. These complex cloud interactions deserve further attention as they are likely a contributing factor in controlling the spatial and temporal variability of glacier response observed in the GoEA. The observed variability of individual glacier response on the GoEA demonstrate that glaciers in the Southern Alps do not behave as a single climatic unit.


Status quo of study on veterinary drugs has been summarized and analyzed with an innovation theme in this paper.Developing target and suggestion of new veterinary drugs in veterinary drug industries and enterprises are propounded for our country.


The research work on Nonlinear Elastic Wave Spectroscopy (NEWS) of this contribution is focused on nonlinear ultrasonic transmission through damaged composite laminates for quality assessment. The generation of higher harmonics by a quasi-monochromatic excitation is evaluated. Specially designed and fabricated narrow-band transducers reduced the inherent probe nonlinearity. The transmitted ultrasonic signals were detected by a broad-band transducer, recorded, and Fourier transformed. The resulting amplitude spectra were stored in dependence on the transmitting power. The technique was applied to composite laminate samples with different damage levels. The samples may contain micro-crack fields, cracks, and delaminations. The local ultrasonic transparency, the second and the third-order nonlinearity parameters, and the distortion factor were obtained and are discussed in order to ascertain the significance of the parameters for quality assessment.


For 25 years, Ashoka has supported leading social entrepreneurs by investing in them and connecting them to a global community of their peers. Today's Ashoka Fellowship consists of more than 1,600 social entrepreneurs in 60 countries working in every area of human need – from health care and education, to civil justice and the environment. Ashoka has no religious or political affiliation and receives funding primarily from individuals, volunteer chapters, foundations, and business entrepreneurs.


The national standard GB/T4437.2is first issued.The article introduced the drawing process.The requirements of dimensions,mechnical properties,surface quality on aluminium alloy seam tubes are explained.The problems that will appear on carry out period are explained.


The baseline quality of pre-drilling shallow groundwater is essential for the evaluation of potential environmental impacts of shale gas development. The Xishui region in the northern Guizhou Province of Southwest China has the potential for shale gas development but there is a lack of commercial production. As for the future environmental concerns in this undeveloped area, this study presented the hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of shallow groundwater and its dissolved gas before shale gas development and determined the sensitive monitoring indicators. Results showed that shallow groundwater with an average pH of 7.73 had low total dissolved solids (TDS) ranging between 102 and 397 mg/L, with the main water chemistry types of HCO3-Ca and HCO3-Ca·Mg. The quality of most groundwater samples satisfied the drinking water standards of China. The mass concentration of dissolved methane in groundwater was below the detection limit (<0.01 mg/L), suggesting the low baseline value of hydrocarbon. The shallow groundwater was mainly recharged by local precipitation based on water isotopes. Water chemistry was modified by the dominant dissolution of carbonate rocks and partial dissolution of clastic rocks, as indicated by δ13C-DIC, 87Sr/86Sr, and δ11B. Evidence from carbon isotopes of dissolved methane and CO2 (δ13C-CH4 and δ13C-CO2) and noble gas isotopes (3He/4He and 4He/20Ne) demonstrated that the biogenic methane mainly originated from acetate fermentation and the dissolved noble gas was a result of the dissolution of air. Based on the geochemical and isotopic differences between shallow groundwater and flowback and produced water (including shale gas) from the Weiyuan and Fuling shale gas fields as well as shale gas from Xishui, this study has provided the sensitive monitoring indicators and methods for identifying potential pollution of regional shallow groundwater related to shale gas development in the future.


Corrections to the positronium energy levels of order {alpha}{sup 6} due to photon exchanges are calculated in the effective Hamiltonian approach. The quoted results are valid for all S states and arbitrary mass ratios. We further present implications on the comparison of theory and experiment. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Statistical mechanics arguments and Madelung hydrodynamical presentation are applied to the transport of magma in volcanic conduits. An effective wave equation with logarithmic nonlinearity becomes apparent in systems of this kind, which describes the flow of a two-phase barotropic Korteweg fluid with capillarity, and allows multiple eigensolutions thus leading to wave-mechanical effects. We study spontaneous symmetry breaking in the erupting lava which flows up the conduit, so that fluid fragmentation and nucleation of density inhomogeneities occur; therefore, changing temperature can trigger a transition between the "magma-dissolved gas" fluid and magmatic foam phases. This phase structure is studied by both analytical and numerical methods. In the fluid phase, cell-like inhomogeneities occur which are described by solitary wave solutions with a Gaussian density profile; we derive the many-body interaction potential for these inhomogeneities. For the foam phase, we demonstrate the existence of topological kink solitons which describe bubble-type inhomogeneities; their stability is ensured by the conservation of a topological charge.


Abstract : High-throughput gene expression technologies such as Affymetrix and De Novo 2-Color Microarrays generate large scale measurements that require sophisticated bioinformatic platforms for data archival, management, integration, and analysis if researchers are to derive biologically meaningful relationships from the data. The Array Repository Data Analysis System (ARDAS 1.0) at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research is a web-enabled bioinformatic platform consisting of a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS), an Analysis Information Management System (AIMS), and a Data Warehouse which coordinates activities of the system modules that allows queries across data within the system. The system, developed following successful Phase 1 and 2 SBIRs in conjunction with our commercial partner, 3rd Millennium, Inc, provides the foundation for an innovative enterprise-wide bioinformatics solution for US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command investigators seeking to leverage array technologies to develop vaccines and drugs against diseases and biothreat agents of military importance.


(1) Introduction.-While statistical-mechanical theories of the helix-coil transition in polyamino acids have been successful, it was heretofore necessary to rely on a comparison of the theoretical results with experimental data in order to obtain the parameters (e.g., a and s of Zimm and Bragg) of the theories.' However, with the aid of recent calculations of the conformational energies of dipeptides2' I and helices,3' 4 it is now possible to examine the assumptions involved in the statistical-mechanical theories from a molecular point of view and to provide a molecular theory of the adjustable parameters af and s. In this paper, we discuss the formulation of the theory for computing of and s; in a subsequent paper, we will present numerical calculations based on this theory. While the various statistical-mechanical theories differ in small details,' they all are based on the assumption that the phase space for a polyamino acid chain is divided into subspaces, each of which is represented by a particular sequence of two letters c (for coil) and h (for helix), and that the contribution of the corresponding conformation to the partition function may be expressed in the form HII 8 iv, = u jiv1ju 12Vj2u i3jv * *., (1)


This paper explores the idea that economic evolution is a process of selftransformation over time, in which the source of endogenous growth is structural change in economic activities. Structural change is seen as the core factor encouraging economic evolution, via a creative destruction process. The evolutionary approach is an attempt to explain this continual selftransformation of the economy reflecting the fact that capitalist economies are never in equilibrium. There is an element of path dependence in the evolutionary process, in which historical economic events are decided through the course of evolution. Evolution also deals with the process of generating variety and the selection mechanism, with competition acting as a selection mechanism on variety, which chooses the most efficient and productive varieties in the economy. All of these forces are brought together in this paper under the general heading of increasing returns and the relation between productivity growth and the growth of markets. Productivity growth implies increased efficiency, and improvements in efficiency require and underpin competition. In effect, competition results in a selection process that influences the evolution of variety via structural change and thus differential rates of growth of the sectors in an economy. Therefore, productivity growth is both a cause, and a consequence, of structural change, which is nothing more than the idea of an endogenous process of self-development and growth in the economy. This research contends that these dynamic processes have played a central role in the self-development and growth in the Mexican economy. Thus, the research question addressed by the paper concerns how to explain the process of productivity growth driven structural change that endogenously


To intensify university students' education of the socialist core value system is to meet the needs of both socialist core value system construction and healthy growth of students.So far,the academic circle has launched an extensive and profound discussion on how to carry out the education.The importance of the education,the means and the methods to improve its efficiency are fully discussed,while the basic principles and the internalized mechanism are seldom discussed and there are few achievements in effect test and effect appraisal system,which are to be studied further.To sort out the relevant research results is helpful to provide an in-depth and sustainable education and get it more targeted and effective.


RAYMOND M. SMULLYAN. Undecidability and recursive inseparability. Zeitschrijt fur mathematische Logik und Grundlagen der Mathematik, vol. 4 (1958), pp. 143-147. The following two theorems are proved. (1) A sufficient condition for a theory T to be (simply) undecidable is that every recursive number set be (weakly) representable in T. (2) If every recursive number set is definable (strongly representable) in a consistent theory T, then the set of Godel numbers of the provable sentences and the set of Godel numbers of the refutable sentences are recursively inseparable and hence the theory is essentially undecidable. I t is assumed only that T is a formalized theory containing numerals whose logical basis includes first-order predicate logic, and the set of Gbdel numbers satisfies certain specified conditions of effectiveness, but T need not be axiomatizable. In an extensive review (XXII 73) of a 1955 paper by Myhill, Bernays asserts that from Myhill's argument one can conclude what amounts to Smullyan's first theorem. Smullyan's contribution is to supply the details of the modified argument. An apparently independent proof of the second theorem appears in A. Grzegorczyk, A. Mostowski, and C. Ryll-Nardzewski, The classical and the m-complete arithmetic, this JOURNAL, vol. 23 (1958), pp. 188-206.


Inayah Aulia Nosima, (2019), Creating a Bilingual Tourism Booklet in Departmentof Tourism of Kulon Progo. Universitas Sebelas Maret.  This internship report is written based on the internship activities at theDepartment of Tourism of Kulon Progo from February 6 to March 6, 2019. Theobjective of this report is to explain my internship activities in the Department ofTourism of Kulon Progo. The internship activities at Department of Tourism of KulonProgo are writing the Indonesian text for a bilingual tourism booklet, translating theIndonesian text into English, collecting photos and videos for the bookle, and designingthe booklet. During the internship pogram, I faced three problems in making thebilingual tourism booklet. My first problem is transferring the Indonesian Language textto English text, where I found several unfamiliar words. My second problem is relatedto observation when I and my partner didn't have transportation to go to the locationand we had a week to do observation which was not enough for us. And the lastproblem is designing the booklet. I decided to ask one of the Marketing Field staffs tohelp me designing the booklet


The International Center (IC) of a Southern postsecondary institution has three major programs: Education Abroad, Training and Development, and International Students and scholars services. The IC Strategic Plan states that the program for international students needs to provide a wider variety of programs and services for international students and scholars. The IC is willing to improve the services for international students through the implementation of a Needs Assessment (NA). The purpose of the NA was to survey international students regarding the services provided by the Center and whether those services fit their needs or not. The NA will give the institution a useful feedback from their customers. Completed surveys were returned by 23 international students (38% response rate). Overall, students agreed that they had received substantial support from the IC for their most important needs. It appears that they are not as interested in increasing the number of variety of services provided by the IC but in improving the quality of these services. One appendix contains the survey, and the other presents student responses. (Contains 10 references.) (SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.


The findings of a survey among 725 pregnant women delivering at J.N. Medical College Hospital in Arigarh India revealed that 48% had a planned pregnancy 41% had an unplanned pregnancy and 11% had an unwanted pregnancy. 53% of planned pregnancies were among urban women and 39% were among rural women. The reasons for continuing an unplanned pregnancy included the following situations: pregnancy early in marriage among women with no children a birth interval of over 2 years only 2 prior children desire for a child of the opposite sex and religious grounds. Reasons for continuing an unwanted pregnancy included religious reasons (37% of rural and 48% of urban women) and fear of abortion methods (20% of rural and 17% of urban women). Family influence was very strong over women with unwanted pregnancies. 11.4% of rural and 23.9% of urban women were refused an abortion by medical personnel; the reason was primarily late diagnosis of pregnancy. 61.5% of the total sample had not used contraception prior to pregnancy. Among prior users about 25% were regular users and 75% irregular users. 68% of regular users and 88% of irregular users relied on condoms. 59.2% of the total sample were committed to adoption of some form of contraception after delivery: 32.9% to limit family size and 67.1% to space births. 40.8% would like to use family planning but were afraid of husbands or family opposition to family planning.


We develop a new approach to image earthquake rupture from strong motion data. We use a large data set of aftershock waveforms, interpolated over the seismic fault to obtain Green's function approximations. Next we deploy a Bayesian inversion method to characterize the slip distribution, the rupture velocity, the slip duration, and their uncertainties induced by errors in the Green's functions. The method is applied to the 29 May 2012 Mw 6 Emilia earthquake, which ruptured a fault buried below the Po Plain sediments (Northern Italy). Despite the particularly complex wave propagation, the near‐field strong motion observations are well reproduced with 15 rupture parameters. The rupture and slip velocities were notably slow (~0.5 Vs and <0.5 m/s, respectively), implying that the fault was difficult to break. This method opens some perspectives for earthquake rupture studies in areas where numerical simulations suffer from imprecise knowledge of the velocity structure.


The nonlinear wave structure of small-amplitude electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) is investigated in a four-component plasma consisting of cold electron fluid, hot electrons obeying vortex-like distribution traversed by a warm electron beam and stationary ions. The streaming velocity of the beam, uo, plays the dominant role in determining the roots of the linear dispersion relation associated with the system. Using the reductive perturbation theory, the basic set of equations is reduced to a modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation. With the inclusion of higher-order nonlinearity, a linear inhomogeneous mKdV type equation with fifth-order dispersion term is derived and the higher-order solution is obtained using a renormalization method. However, both mKdV and mKdV-type solutions present a positive potential, which corresponds to a hole (hump) in the cold (hot) electron number density. The mKdV-type solution has a smaller energy amplitude and a wider width than that of mKdV solution. The dependen...


In this paper, the comparison of different feeding techniques for a patch antenna, at X frequency band, to evaluate its quantitative impact on the different antenna parameters is presented. When different feeding techniques are applied at the X band spectrum to improve the impedance matching the performance of various characteristics parameters such as radiation pattern, gain, beam width etc are influenced. To find how much these are influenced a comparative analysis is carried out and results are presented in this paper. For investigation purpose, the patch antenna and the various feeding techniques were designed on Roger (RT5880) substrate at 8 GHz resonating frequency.


A positive displacement pump assembly (28) for use with a vehicle powertrain system (10) includes a stator (30) having a chamber (32) and a vane pump (34) disposed in the chamber (32) and cooperatingwith the stator (30) so as to define at least three pumping regions (38) in the chamber (32) with each of the at least three pumping regions (38) having an inlet region (40) and an outlet region (42),wherein rotation of the vane pump (34) displaces fluid across each of the at 10 least three pumping regions (38) such that each outlet region (40) provides a separate source of fluid power to the powertrain system (10).


In the present study, we have demonstrated a facile and robust way for the fabrication of Cu-graphite composites (CGCs) with spatially-aligned graphite layers. The graphite layers bonded to the copper matrix and the resulting composite structure were entirely characterized. The preferential orientation and angular displacement of the nano-sized graphite fiber reinforcements in the copper matrix were clarified by polarized Raman scattering. Close investigation on the change of the Raman G-peak frequency with the laser excitation power provided us with a manifestation of the structural and electronic properties of the Cu-graphite composites (CGCs) with spatially-distributed graphite phases. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and Raman analysis revealed that reduced graphite oxide (rGO) phase existed at the CGC interface. This work is highly expected to provide a fundamental way of understanding how a rGO phase can be formed at the Cu-graphite interface, thus finally envisioning usefulness of the CGCs for thermal management materials in electronic applications.


Acute and chronic consumption of alcohol (ethanol) has been reported to modify a variety of molecular events such as membrane fluidity, neurotransmitter turnover, neurotransmitter receptors, and intracellular signal transduction systems coupling to neurotransmitter receptors that alter biochemical processes in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system projecting to the nucleus accumbence and prefrontal cortex from the ventral tegmental area (Spanagel, 2009). The neurochemical process of ethanol physical dependence and withdrawal syndrome is supposed to result from adaptive changes in a number of neurotransmission systems, and several reports demonstrate the functional relationship between behavioral responses observed in ethanol-dependent and -withdrawn animals and neurotransmission systems such as glutamatergic transmission (De Witte et al., 2003; Lack et al., 2007). Ethanol alters phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and phosphorylation of CREB appears to modulate ethanol selfadministration (Yang et al., 1998). Phospho-CREB (p-CREB) level and cAMP response element (CRE)mediated gene expression are substantially changed in several brain regions in response to drugs of abuse (Nestler, 2001). Especially, changes in dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs have been shown to induce chromatin remodelling by histone modifications (Li et al., 2004; Schroeder et al., 2008) and these events are associated with drug-related behavioral sensitization and reward (Fischer et al., 2007; Kumar et al., 2005; Li et al., 2004; McClung and Nestler, 2008; Schroeder et al., 2008). Acetylation of histone lysine residues reduces the electrostatic interaction between histone proteins and DNA, which is considered to relax chromatin structure and make DNA more accessible to transcriptional regulators (Kouzarides, 2007). It is suggested that hyperacetylation of histone H3 and H4 in promoter regions is strongly associated with gene activation (Renthal and Nestler, 2008). This association also exists in the brain in vivo in response to drugs of abuse. Moreover, intermittent binge ethanol administration also induces changes in the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in the frontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and striatum and effects the sensitivity of adolescent brain to ethanol via dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission (Pascual et al., 2009). However, little is known about changes in acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in the ventral tegmental area of ethanol-dependent and -withdrawn mice. In the present study, we demonstrate alterations of acetylation of histone H3 and H4, which relates to genes for neural plasticity, in the ventral tegmental area of ethanol-dependent and -withdrawal mice. Male ddY strain mice (Japan SLC, Hamamatsu, Japan) were kept in a room with an ambient temperature of 228C 6 18C and a 12 h light-dark cycle (lights on 08:00–20:00 h). Food and water were available ad libitum. All animal experiments carried out in this study were approved by the Animal Research Committee of Kawasaki Medical School and conducted according to the ''Guide for Care and Use


This article aims to analyze the space given to oral production in Spanish language classes in basic education, in the Brazilian context, through an integrative review, which consists in studies resulting from searches conducted in the CAPES Journal Portal, Google Scholar, and the EBSCO Discovery Service platform. For the preselection, twenty-four studies were analyzed, which contained in their summaries the descriptors "orality" and/or "oral production" and "Spanish language" and/or "Spanish". From this total, twenty studies were excluded, which included oral production in open courses or in the context of higher education, leaving only four investigations related to the teaching of this skill in public elementary and high schools in Brazil. The results showed that oral production is relegated to a background in Spanish classes, so it is necessary to review its role within the school context.


By managing risk on the level of the supply chain we gain insight of all potential threats to all organizations involved in the chain as well as to the supply chain itself, especially to the logistics resources: flow of goods, services and information; logistics infrastructure and suprastructure; and people. Supply chain risk management should represent a crucial activity in every organization. As there is currently no standard specifically aimed at holistic supply chain risk management, we propose the use of a combination of the ISO 31000 family, concerning risk management in general, and ISO 28000 family, concerning safety in supply chains. Both families of standards are described with propositions for effective use in supply chains. Based on supply chain risk management research at Faculty of logistics we developed a model for the activity of risk assessment in the process of risk management in supply chains and organizations. Especially risk identification as a part of risk assessment can be considered the single most important activity in the risk management process, because a risk that is not identified cannot be managed. Our model is the base for the development of the Risk Catalog in Supply Chains, which is already in place and accessible online. Because of the open source philosophy applied to the Catalog, every interested individual can provide their input. We hope that over time with the help of the relevant "community" the Catalog becomes more complete. With the Catalog we propose a solution for risk assessment in organizations. Some aspects of risk assessment can be generalized and are a part of our risk Catalog. Other, organization specific, aspects are described in this article and in the Catalog, but their use and consideration have to be based on a specific organization's context.


The gneisses of the Sarwar‐Junia Fault Zone (SJFZ), in the Mangalwar Gneissic Complex, a part of the Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC‐II) of northwest India recorded two phases of metamorphism. The pelitic gneiss from SJFZ mainly consists of biotite, sillimanite, garnet, quartz, K‐feldspar and plagioclase. On the other hand, the granitic gneiss from SJFZ mainly consists of quartz, plagioclase, K‐feldspar and biotite. From zircon and monazite geochronology, the protolith of pelitic gneiss was deposited on basement granitic gneiss and the metamorphism occurred at ca. 950 Ma affecting both the granitic gneiss and the pelitic gneiss. Estimation of the P‐T conditions of metamorphism and pseudosection modelling of the pelitic gneiss revealed that the peak stage metamorphic condition of M2 culminated at ~850°C and ~7 kbar pressure followed by a near‐isobaric cooling. Large garnet porphyroblasts in contact with retrograde biotite shows Fe‐Mg resetting close to the core region, which implies a slow cooling. Therefore, the possible exhumation during the subduction‐collision tectonics was very slow, if not completely ceased, at ca. 950 Ma. The shared tectonothermal history of the Sandmata Metamorphic Complex and Mangalwar Metamorphic Complex in the BGC‐II is now evident from the present study of the SJFZ, and confirms the presence of Grenvillian‐aged tectonothermal events in the eastern part of BGC‐II. The abovementioned near‐isobarically cooled and hydrated crust of the SJFZ records subsequent event(s) of shallow crustal brittle faulting as evident by the presence of pseudotachylyte veins and cataclastic fabric observed in the studied gneisses. Brittle faulting possibly occurred between ca. 905 Ma and ca. 750 Ma, as interpreted from the present geochronological data.