Growing up in the confines of northern New Jersey, Allan Robbins, MD, watched the legendary Paul Newman race a Datsun 240Z with Bob Sharp Racing and dreamed of growing up to be an auto mechanic or even a racer like Newman.


One of the central questions in ecology is how biological diversity relates to ecological functions (Peterson, Allen & Holling, 1998). This question has become increasingly relevant as anthropogenic transformation of the earth has intensified, causing a radical modification of the distribution and abundance of species (Turner et al., 1993). In this changing context, the maintenance of the ecological services that support humanity and other life requires greater understanding. One important aspect is how ecological interactions among species produce resilient ecosystems (Peterson et al., 1998). Ecologists, faced with uncertainty about the diversity of ecological roles any given species performs, frequently conclude that an increase in species richness will increase ecosystem stability through greater functional diversity (Tilman, Wedin & Knops, 1996). Among the various models proposed to explain the relationship between species diversity and system stability is the "Drivers and Passengers" model (Walker, 1992) that recognizes the important role of ecological engineers as ecological drivers. Walker (1992) defines a driver as a species that can significantly structure the ecosystems in which they and passenger species exist, and it can assume the form of ecological engineering or keystone species (Peterson et al., 1998). Humans are the most evident ecological engineers on the Earth, since they modify their environment also with the help of technology (Vitousek et al., 1997). Although all species affect their physical environment (Reichman & Seabloom, 2002), among them are species that can modulate the availability of resources to other species by modifying, maintaining or creating habitats (Jones, Lawton & Shachak, 1994), in other words, by creating synergies with other species. The difference between humans and the other ecological engineers is the intent behind human actions (Jones et al., 1994) with possible unexpected negative consequences, while other ecological engineer species often provide directly or indirectly essential ecosystem services for human well-being. In this context, Whelan, Wenny & Marquis (2008) have provided the example of birds as ecological engineers that are able to deliver provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting ecosystem services. Hayward et al. (2016) present a paper focused on fossorial ecosystem engineers representing an example of allogenic engineers, defined by Jones et al. (1994) as those organisms that change the environment by transforming living or non-living materials from one physical state to another. Hayward et al. (2016) hypothesize and test the effects of the introduction of different species of fossorial mammals on fire behaviour, through their ability to alter litter accumulation. Their findings show a statistically significant 24% decrease in leaf litter mass in the fenced plots (containing reintroduced populations of fossorial mammals) compared to the unfenced plots (with no reintroduced populations of fossorial mammals) across sites. Although they recognize the limits related to their approach, the results are a clear evidence of disturbance (fire) regulation, an ecosystem service important to avoid threats both to humans and other organisms. The circularity of the ecological issue presented by Hayward et al. (2016) in their paper seems of very immediate comprehension: fire without control can cause species extinction (biodiversity loss) and the reintroduction of some extinct species, able to regulate fire, can reduce biodiversity loss. However, their results open a more general debate on how to plan and manage the ecological restoration of an area in order to maintain the ecological functions and biodiversity. Therefore, the central target of species reintroductions should become their ecological role played in the context of system stability, rather than simply increasing the number of species. In other words, what matters is the functional diversity as well as how it is spatially patterned, even if it is still unclear whether and how spatial patterning of key species varies within most communities (Dibner, Doak & Lombardi, 2015). In the case studies presented by Hayward et al. (2016), the reintroductions were focussed on species with a specific ecological function, "fire regulation" (regulating ecosystem service) because, among the roles that the different reintroduced species can play, this function has positive cascading effects


We analyzed scats (n = 679) and stomach contents (n = 25) collected from 1980-2003 to assess the relative frequencies of food types utilized by Newfoundland Marten ( Martes americana atrata ) during summer and winter. Meadow Voles ( Microtus pennsylvanicus ) were the most prevalent food item occurring in 80% and 47.5% of samples from summer and winter, respectively. Apart from Snowshoe Hares ( Lepus americana ), which occurred in 28% of winter samples, all other food types occurred in <16% of samples during each season. Diet breadth was widest during winter and may be related to a lower availability of Meadow Voles during this time of year. Erratum included.


Developing modern agriculture can provide more well-knit industrial foundation and more abundant physical condition for building the new countryside, so it's important industrial support for building the new countryside. According to the fact of modern agricultural development in Hebei, we provide a series of developmental ideas and some suggestions.


Objective To investigate the influence factors on quality of life (QOL) in patients with ovarian cancer and to provide the basis for improving QOL of patients with ovarian cancer. Methods The quality of life of 71 patients with ovarian cancer in Yunnan tumor hospital was investigated by FACT -O 4.0 questionnaire. QOL in patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed. Results The total QOL score of 71 patients with ovarian cancer was 89.60±16.63. The results of single factor variance analysis showed that education, occupation and family income were significantly related to the total scores or some aspect scores of the FACT-O, the difference were significant (P0.05). The influence factors on QOL of patients with ovarian cancer were oral ulcer, abdominal pain, nervous, irascibleness and sleep-disorder, their regression coefficients were-12.260, -9.660, -12.084, -9.470 and -9.764, respectively. Conclusion QOL score of patients with ovarian cancer is low. Oral ulcer, abdominal pain, nervous, irascibleness and sleep-disorder could influence QOL of patients.


1. A metabolic study in a case of myositis ossificans progressiva is reported. 2. The serum showed an increased power of calcification of rachitic rat cartilage. 3. Estimations of alkaline phosphatase showed slightly raised values. 4. Surgical removal of a bony bar was followed by prolonged administration of ACTH and cortisone, but no effect on the calcium-phosphorus balance or on the re-ossification within the area of operation was observed.


Aims and objectives: To study the incidence and distribution of jaundice in relation to age, parity, socioeconomic status and the relation of serum bilirubin levels to maternal morbidity and mortality. Methodology: This is a retrospective study carried out on 46 patients at the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Coimbatore medical college hospital, Coimbatore. All pregnant women with jaundice are included in the study. Demographic data, clinical course and outcome were analysed. Results: The incidence of jaundice complicating pregnancy in Coimbatore medical college is 3/1000. Viral hepatitis is the commonest cause. Higher serum bilirubin levels associated with high mortality rates. Conclusion: The factors responsible for higher incidence of jaundice and associated maternal mortality in our country are malnutrition, poor personal hygiene, ignorance, delay in seeking medical advice.


Molecules can be switched between different states by different stimuli, including heating, light, and pH. Among these molecules, azobenzenes are excellent candidates as photochromic molecular switches since they can exist in two forms, the AZO-cis and the AZO-trans isomers. We introduce here two different molecules incorporating an azobenzene group as a central photochromic unit bridging two different terminal groups: bipyridine for the first [Bipy-Azo-Bipy] and terpyridine for the second [Tpy-Azo-Tpy]. The organizations of these molecules on a surface have been investigated by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). Both molecules self-assemble on surfaces and various supramolecular networks can be observed with a sub-molecular resolution, thanks to the intermolecular interactions of the terminals moieties. Hence, we studied by STM the different phase transitions induced by the protonation of the bipyridine terminal moities and by the photo-switching of the photochromic central bridge. Indeed, a multiscale irreversible phase transition upon protonation was already observed on similar molecules consisting of a central bifluorene bridge and bipyridine terminal groups [Bipy-Fl-Bipy] [1-2]. Using [Bipy-Azo-Bipy], a similar, protonation induced, phase transition involving the switching from a cis-like to a trans-like isomer is also observed. Next we studied the effect of irradiation on the system. The photoswitching transition from the Azo-trans bridge to the Azo-cis can be triggered by UV light and reversed back to its initial state by visible light [3]. The photo-effect on the central photochromes was firstly confirmed in solution by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and the organization of the Azo-cis isomers on surfaces will be presented [4].


AbstractAlthough the hematoxylin and eosin stain continues to provide much information about cell morphology, more sophisticated histochemical and immunohistochemical stains are often necessary to provide further insights into cellular components. Even these stains, however, do not yield all the information to provide definitive diagnoses and understanding. The more recent approach, in situ hybridization, utilizes DNA and RNA for the most specific visualization of subcellular morphology and processes. We describe the principles of hybridization, methods, including tissue preparation, probes, and hybridization reactions, and fluorescence in situ hybridization, as well as applications of the methods to studies of breast, colon, and lung cancer. (The J Histotechnol 21:327–333, 1998)


Sixty-seven maize cultivars were evaluated for tolerance to atrazine (4 p.p.m. v/v) in nutrient solution. Shoot dry masses (SDM) of only two cultivars, SAB149 and NPP x K64r, were reduced more than 40% and another 14 were reduced by more than 30%. CG4801, PNR432, SSM2043 and A280 were the most tolerant cultivars and showed no reduction in SDM with atrazine. Cultivars, reportedly injured in commercial maize production were not less tolerant than the other cultivars evaluated. The absence of phytotoxicity symptoms did not indicate tolerance. Cultivars TX14, A206 and SABI404 displayed very slight phytotoxic symptoms but had large reductions in SDM. In sand culture, the relative responses of 10 cultivars to atrazine (8 p.p.m. v/v) were compared under different temperature and nutrient conditions. HL1 and A477W were relatively more tolerant under the low temperature regime (20/10 °C) than under the high temperature regime (30/20 °C). The relative tolerances of CG4801, SSM2039 and SSM2045 remained the same at b...


We describe a logical framework based on a denotational characterization of mobile process semantics. The logic builds on a trace model that associates to processes the sequences of actions one can observe from their behaviors. The basic predicates of the logic are properties about such sets of sequences. In order to support the reasoning on branching structures, a notion of structured location is used to decorate the observations made on process behaviors. The same notion of location is also employed to address some critical issues of mobile-calculi such as freshness and scope extrusion. We also develop a proof normalization procedure to increase the abstraction level of the logic.


We use the concept of block variables to obtain a measure of order/disorder for some one-dimensional deterministic aperiodic sequences. For the Thue - Morse sequence, the Rudin - Shapiro sequence and the period-doubling sequence it is possible to obtain analytical expressions in the limit of infinite sequences. For the Fibonacci sequence, we present some analytical results which can be supported by numerical arguments. It turns out that the block variables show a wide range of different behaviour, some of them indicating that some of the considered sequences are more `random' than other. However, the method does not give any definite answer to the question of which sequence is more disordered than the other and, in this sense, the results obtained are negative. We compare this with some other ways of measuring the amount of order/disorder in such systems, and there seems to be no direct correspondence between the measures.


While minorities have experienced great progress because of the Voting Rights Act, particularly section 5 of the Act, the work to achieve an electoral process free of discrimination remains unfinished. In Shelby County v. Holder, the Supreme Court struck down section 4 of the Act, which provided the coverage formula through which section 5 was implemented. Without section 4, there is no section 5. The historical and contemporaneous discrimination that minorities instates formerly covered under Section 5 continue to face is substantial and outpaces noncovered states. Scholars cannot divorce the debate surrounding section 5's constitutionality, which continues even after Shelby County, from its historical role in combating discrimination in voting. Using a comparative framework of a section 5-covered jurisdiction and a noncovered jurisdiction, this Article discusses the impact of the loss of section 4 of the Voting Rights Act after the Supreme Court's decision in Shelby County v. Holder and suggests a path forward.


Ordered Sr2CrReO6 has been synthesized recently. It is measured to be ferrimagnetic semiconductor, in contrary to the previous reports of metallic properties. To solve the discrepancy, we have investigated the compound by using the density functional theory. The semiconducting behavior is reproduced by including the electron correlation and spin–orbit coupling simultaneously. The calculated band gap is 0.22 eV, close to the experimental value of 0.21 eV. A large orbital moment of 0.69µB is found for Re, which is caused by the Coulomb‐enhanced spin–orbit coupling. By applying pressure, a semiconductor to half‐metal transition is observed through 5% volume compression.


The STELLA robotic observatory is made up of two 1.2m telescopes. One is feeding an échelle spectrograph with a spectral resolution of 55,000 since 2006, the other is equipped with an imaging instrument with a field of view of 22′. Data are collected during every clear night, calibration data are also taken during bad weather periods to assure the functionality of the system. All CCD frames are stored locally and immediately queued for transfer to the AIP. All environmental data together with meta-data about the scientific observations are stored in a SQL database, which is replicated to our data center in Potsdam. Data reduction is started after each observing night, results of the post-reduction analysis, like radial velocity and stellar parameters, along with the reduced spectra are inserted into the database. This database, with information spanning from how often a target is picked, when it has been successfully acquired, how big were the guiding errors, all the way to radial velocities measurements is an essential tool for both data analysis and quality control.


We study the weighted Banach spaces of vector-valued holomorphic functions defined on an open and connected subset of a Banach space. We use linearization results on these spaces to get conditions which ensure that a function defined in a subset of an open and connected subset of a Banach space , with values in another Banach space , and admitting certain weak extensions in a Banach space of holomorphic functions can be holomorphically extended in the corresponding Banach space of vector-valued functions.


Critical Introduction Daniel T. Reff The Tratado 1. Men, their Persons, and their Clothing 2. Women, their Persons and Customs 3. Children and their Customs 4. The Bonzes and their Customs 5. Temples, Images, and Things Pertaining to Worship and Religion 6. The Japanese Way of Eating and Drinking 7. Japanese Offensive and Defensive Weapons and Warfare 8. Horses 9. Diseases, Doctors, and Medicines 10. Japanese Writing and their Books, Paper, Ink and Letters 11. Houses, Construction, Gardens and Fruits 12. Ships, Seafaring and Dogus 13. Japanese Plays, Farces, Dances, Singing, and Musical Instruments 14. Other Various and Extraordinary Things that could not be Assigned to the Previous Chapters


Since the old road surface of He'ning expressway is of different types,different detections were carried out on the old cement concrete pavement and asphalt concrete pavement.The evaluation results obtained from the detection data and comprehensive analysis provide a sound foundation for road extension design and pavement disease prevention.


Transmembrane signalling by interleukin 2 Gordon B. Mills,* Nan Zhang,* Rosemarie Schmandt,* Marion Fung,t Warner Greene,t Alan Mellorst and David Hogg* *Oncology Research, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4, tHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A. and $Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N IG 2WI 277


he prevailing wisdom has always been that CPA firms need to carry malpractice insurance. Nevertheless, many smaller firms do not actually have such coverage—roughly half of all CPA firms (as opposed to individual CPAs) do not have malpractice insurance, raising the question of whether malpractice insurance makes sense for all CPA firms. There is no legal requirement for CPA firms to have malpractice coverage. In the early days of the AICPA's SEC Practice Section, carrying professional liability malpractice insurance was a requirement for membership. In the late 1980s, however, when the malpractice insurance market collapsed, it became impossible for many accounting firms to obtain such insurance, prompting the SEC Practice Section to drop the requirement. (For a period of two or three years thereafter, many midsize accounting firms did not have malpractice coverage. Since the early 1990s, however, malpractice insurance has been readily available, although the price of that insurance has fluctuated significantly, with prices rising following an economic downturn when claims run high and interest rates are low. Conversely, when the economy is overheated and interest rates are high and claims are down, malpractice insurRethinking the Purchase of Malpractice Self-Insurance M A N A G E M E N T p r a c t i c e m a n a g e m e n t


This paper reviews the first published textbooks on volumetric analysis providing data on the life and work of their authors: Schwarz, Mohr, Poggiale and Beckurts.


Regional concentration of population and economic activity is a common phenomenon both in Finland and the other most developed countries, which refers to the existence of agglomeration economies. Two types of economies are usually recognized to be important: specialization (Marshall externalities) and diversity (Jacobs externalities) economies. The former refer to the geographical concentration of a specific industry and the latter to the industrial diversity of the local system. This study examines the relationship between agglomeration economies and regional productivity in the manufacturing sector in Finland. A distinction is made between the effects of urbanization and localization economies. The production function method is applied to the manufacturing sub-sectors in the 83 NUTS 4-level regions in 1995 and 1999. The results support the regional specialization more than diversification even if some differences can be seen between the manufacturing sub-sectors.


In this paper different production scenarios for the production of beef based on the different agro-ecological regions of the country are raised, emphasizing the importance of the tropics as the main areas of sustainable activity in the production of beef in Mexico. Different production models, where the importance of using agroforestry systems or supplementation with rumen activators as strategies to achieve this proposal at family production scale in the country are also emphasized.


Objective To study the ultrasonographic and acoustic contrast features of breast fibroadenoma and breast cancer and explore the value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumors. Method A retrospective analysis of 18 cases breast fibroadenoma and 12 cases breast cancer in the performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound was done. Results After contrast agent injection, tumor dimension increased in 4 cases with breast fibroadenoma and 7 cases with breast cancer. The ultrasonographic and acoustic contrast features of breast fibroadenoma showed no significant changes. They showed stenosis, perpendicular and circumambulates vascular shape. The breast cancers significantly increased the number of tumor blood vessels with the thicker,tortuous blood vessels into the tumor. Conclusions The contrast enhanced ultrasonography assessed more accurate size of tumors. The image displayed grown sizes, more vascularity and bending vascular shape in the breast cancer. It was more accurate than gray-scale ultrasound on diagnosing breast cancer.

Key words:
Breast Cancer;  Breast fibroadenoma ultrasonography;  Contrast agent


The problem of underwater positioning is increasingly crucial due to the emerging importance of sub-sea activities. Knowledge of node location is essential for many applications for which sensor networks can be used. At the surface, positioning problems have been resolved by the extended use of GPS, which is straightforward and effective. Unfortunately, using GPS in the sub-sea environment is impossible and positioning requires the use of special systems. One of the major challenges in the underwater acoustic networks (UANs) area of research is the development of a networking protocol that can cope with the management of a dynamic sub-sea network. We propose a scheme to perform node discovery, using only one seed node (primary seed) in a known position. The discovery protocol can be divided into two parts: First, building up the relative co-ordinate system. Second, involving more remote nodes becoming seed nodes for further discoveries. Four different algorithms have been investigated; (i) Farthest/Farthest Algorithm, (ii) Farthest/Nearest Algorithm, (iii) Nearest/Farthest Algorithm and (iv) Nearest/Nearest Algorithm. We investigated the performances of random network topologies. Different locations of primary seed node were exercised and statistics for node discovery will be reported.


PURPOSE: A method and apparatus for transferring a file is provided to transceive files in a sharer by managing file transceiving users. CONSTITUTION: An access module(31) performs data communication with an external storage. A file transmission module(33) transmits files stored in the external storage device to an electronic device by using the access module by the file transferring request signal of an electronic device. An access information receiving module receives access information from the sharer.


The content of biogenic amines: dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonine, in rats of cataleptic strain GC as compared with the control strain Wistar at the age of 1 and 5 months is decreased, the maximal decrease being found in the so-called "nervous" animals. The aldosterone content was decreased at 5 month age in the GC rats. The testosterone content at the age of 1 month in GC rats does not differ from that in Wistar rats, but at the age of 5 months it was decreased as compared to Wistar, the maximal decrease being found again in "nervous" GC rats. The data obtained point to peculiarities of ontogenetic regulation and to commonness of mechanisms of catalepsy and "nervousness" in GC rats.


The TiO2 films were prepared in the H2SO4 solution containing NH4F at different anodic voltages, to compare the photocatalytic performances of titania for purification of waste water. The microstructure was characterized by a Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Chemical bonding states and co-doped elements of F and N were analyzed using surface X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the co-doped TiO2 films was analyzed by the degradation of aniline blue solution. From the result of diffuse reflectance absorption spectroscopy(DRS), it is indicated that the absorption edge of the F-N-codoped TiO2 films shifted toward visible light area, and the photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 was improved by doping an appropriate contents of F and N.


This article examines the approaches adopted by various schools of economic thought towards dealing with space and time. Each school has its own approach, though their treatment of time and space has generally been implicit. These spatial and temporal factors determine, right from the start, the way both reality and the explanatory frameworks which are supposed to take account of that very reality are looked at. The purpose of examining these various economic approaches is to clarify the view of space and time that is reflected in their premises. These ultimately determine the sometimes radical differences that emerge when looking at various theoretical traditions. In the first section, a number of contributors to equilibrium theory (from Walras to Krugman) are brought together. The approaches they use are characterised by their historical relationships with physics and mathematics. In short, their view is that space is exogenous, unchangeable, objective and abstract. The second section concentrates on schools of thought rather than specific contributors. Institutional and territorial economics have developed different conceptions of space and time, drawing their inspiration from social science and complexity theory. Space and time are always concrete. Space is marked by contrasts: it is both specific and generic, given and constructed, endogenous and exogenous. Finally, in the context of territorial economics and complexity theory, the part played by those engaged in research and modelling is addressed in terms of the way space is constructed.


Current efficiency has been measured for the entire range of melts between iron oxide and the silica saturated slag. All compositions show some ionic conductivity, but the proportion of this type of conductance increases with the concentration of silica.


This study was conducted to determine the level of water and Vitamin C in the process of making chilli flour. The research used randomized completely design (RCD) with two factors, drying temperature (50 ° C , 60 ° C , 70 ° C , 80 ° C) and long drying (12 hours , 14 hours , 16 hours , 18 hours) , The results showed that the drying temperature had highly significant effect on the level of water and vitamin C; Long drying had a highly significant effect on the level of water and vitamin C; and the interaction of temperature and length of drying showed a significant different influence on the level of water and vitamin C.


For the data gathering problem of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNS), a compressive data gathering based on random path is proposed. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to reduce communication cost of data gathering by random path and compressive sensing. Firstly, neighborhood nodes are selected to be effective projection nodes by random path. Then the measurements are obtained by sensing data of these nodes, and they are transmitted to sink by shortest routing strategy. Finally, communication energy consumption of the proposed algorithm is analyzed and sensing data of each node is be reconstructed by measurement matrix. For effective projection nodes are selected by random path, each measurement can be transmitted to sink by only one path. Compared with data gathering methods based on compressive sensing, the proposed methods can remarkably reduce communication energy consumption of data gathering, and can effectively extend the network lifetime. Our experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Improved yields of tetrahydrofuran derivatives can be obtained from a variety of alcohols, on treatment of the alcohol with bromine in the presence of a silver salt, by the correct selection of the silver salt used as the reagent.


Having as a starting point examples taken from the French Literature we aim at analysing, at the light of Medicine, the diseases associated to the medieval woman. We will, thus, embark on a journey through the history of Medicine, showing how this Science of Knowledge is harmoniously combined in the literary text. To conclude, it is our desire to prove the specificity and the effectiveness of aspects of a common culture which, in the current context, benefits the multidisciplinary among different arts, already common in the 12th Century.


In some TV commercials companies place their brand in situations with criminal acts. The question is why these companies do this and if this phenomenon is compatible with the brand identity the com ...


This paper is the third one in a series of papers dealing with computer modelling of fires in tunnels. The first paper [1] is an introduction to the topic and deals with a simplified scenario to demonstrate computer modelling capabilities in this area. In the second paper [2] full detailed scenario is modelled and further parameters evaluated. Current work goes even further and incorporates evacuation modelling and evaluates the effect of the boundary conditions at the tunnel's portals. Tunnel fires are very different from fires within 'standard' buildings due to their specific construction. This, in combination with potentially large fire loads, such as fully laden lorries, creates conditions for very severe fires of tens of megawatts. It is therefore necessary that every tunnel is designed to withstand a realistic worst case fire and allows for safe evacuation and effective fire– fighting. Computer fire modelling is a very suitable tool for this purpose. After over three decades of application of computer based information systems to the crisis management, these systems are getting wider acceptance by the community of the emergency managers and designers [3].


In this paper, we propose preconditioned Krylov-subspace iterative methods to perform efficient DC and transient simulations for large-scale linear circuits with an emphasis on power delivery circuits. We also prove that a circuit with inductors can be simplified from MNA to NA format, and the matrix becomes an s.p.d. matrix. This property makes it suitable for the conjugate gradient with incomplete Cholesky decomposition as the preconditioner, which is faster than other direct and iterative methods. Extensive experimental results on large-scale industrial power grid circuits show that our method is over 200 times faster for DC analysis and around 10 times faster for transient simulation compared to SPICE3. Furthermore, our algorithm reduces over 75% of memory usage than SPICE3 while the accuracy is not compromised.


The operation of the education and research system, which includes network, server and client services, produces a variety of log output. The effective analysis of these logs makes it is possible to ascertain user trends, and often points to issues that require troubleshooting. However, due to the difference in the type and diversity of format of the log, it takes a considerable amount of effort to organize them in a cross-sectional manner in order to obtain useful information. To resolve this issue, we have constructed a log collecting system by using Splunk to centrally aggregate logs. Most logs are automatically stored on the Splunk database from each system. As a result, the administrator and service support staff can view these logs via a simple interface, and can check the usage of the users across multiple systems in near real time. In this paper, we introduce how to approach and construct a system in order to change the logs of the various systems to be able to obtain valuable information. We also show how you can utilize aggregated log for service support and security. Particularly based on the user ID and IP addresses, it is possible to gain a bird's-eye view of logs for analysis, making it a valid tool for understanding user behavior.


We study numerically the outcome of the phase separation instability of a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice. When only one excitation mode is unstable a bound pair of bright and dark solitonlike structures periodically appears and disappears, whereas for more than one unstable mode a persistent soliton-antisoliton pair develops. The oscillating soliton represents a regime where the two-species condensate neither remains phase-separated nor is dynamically stable.


The invention discloses a protection circuit. The protection circuit comprises a comparer A, a diode D, a triode T, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R4. The resistor R2, the resistor R1, the resistor R4 and the triode T are sequentially connected in series to form a closed loop, and both the resistor R2 and the triode T are connected to the ground; the resistor R3 and the diode D are connected in series to form a branch circuit to be connected to the two ends of a branch circuit formed by the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 in parallel, and the common end of the resistor R3 and the diode D is connected to an input end B2 of the comparer A; an input end B1 of the comparer A is connected with the common end of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, and an output end B3 of the comparer is connected with the triode T; both the resistor R1 and the resistor R4 are connected with a test port, and both the resistor R4 and the triode T are connected with an internal circuit. Through the principle, the specialized test port is arranged, external power supply voltage is selectively inputted into the internal circuit through the test port, and the fact that external voltage is too high to damage the internal circuit is avoided.


Prostate cancer, like other solid tumors, is a rather heterogeneous entity. More than 50% of all malignant prostatic tumors contain neuroendocrine‐like cells, which cannot be attributed to small cell prostatic carcinoma or carcinoid‐like tumors, which represent only 1–2% of all prostatic malignancies. Several investigators have reported that histopathologic determination of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate carcinomas may have prognostic implications, while others have not confirmed these results. However, on the basis of experimental data, neuroendocrine‐like cells appear to be involved in the emergence of androgen‐independent cells and could be a target for new prostate cancer therapeutic strategies.


Background: Risk behavior for eating disorders enrolled inadequate practices and attitudes with food and weight control and could be evaluated with valid instruments. Objectives: To evaluate risk behaviors for eating disorders among Brazilian female university students from different regions. Methods: 2.483 college students filled out the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) at five regions in Brazil. The test score was compared among regions by chi-square test and possible associations or correlations with major, age, nutritional status, individual income and parental education evaluated by Pearson and Spearman coefficients. A covariance analysis compared the EAT scores among regions. Results: The frequency of positive eating disorder behavior ranges from 23.7% to 30.1% among five regions. There was no difference in EAT scores among regions, and there was not strong correlation between EAT scores and the variables studied. Discussion: Brazilian female university students have high frequency of risk behaviors for eating disorders in all regions of the country. Prevention strategies must be developed for the young female population of Brazil. Alvarenga MS, et al. / Rev Psiq Clin. 2011;38(1):3-7


Enhancement of heat transfer phenomenon is gaining research importance in applications of various fields of engineering,from microelectronics to highly powered lasers.It is acknowledged that among three modes of heat transfer (conduction,convection and radiation);most of the heat transfer takes place by conduction and convection in many situations.However,the conventional approaches like extended surface,application of vibration to the heat transfer surfaces,usage of microchannels and additional fluid pumping power to the system were thought to have reached their limits.Hence,various attempts to increase thermal conductivity of the fluid itself have been made..The practical demonstration of this theory was initiated in the year 1995 by U.S Choi who came out with the term "Nanofluid". Every system generating heat needs cooling arrangement in order to improve performance and for economical maintenance of the system.The initial effort of the present research study is to enhance the heat transfer phenomenon in a vehicle radiator by the application of nanofluids for higher thermal conductivity.In the recent years,few researchers worked on similar applications using nano particles such as Al2O3,CuO,SiO2,TiO2 and MWCNT's and water or water with Ethylene Glycol as a coolant base fluids.However, all the investigations were limited to application of the nano coolants in experimental equipment.This paves the method for the present investigation in improvement of the heat transfer phenomenon by different factors affecting thermal conductivity in an automobile radiator. The effect of nanofluid heat transfer enhancement in water and coolant based systems with different nano particles and concentrations are investigated from an engineering system perspective. One such system considered is a "KELISA (1000cc) – CAR RADIATOR" cooling circuit using different nanofluids to replace the conventional engine coolant.Results include quantifications of increase in engine heat rejection for the coolant circuit by the use of nanofluids instead of the conventional coolant.


Erythropoietin therapy for acute stroke is both safe and beneficial. Mol Med 2002; 8: 495–505 29. Parsa CJ, Matsumoto A, Kim J et al. A novel protective effect of erythropoietin in the infarcted heart. J Clin Invest 2003; 112: 999–1007 30. Yang CW, Li C, Jung JY et al. Preconditioning with erythropoietin protects against subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidney. FASEB J 2003; 17: 1754–1755 31. Coleman T, Brines M. Science Review: Recombinant human erythropoietin in critical illness: a role beyond anemia. Crit Care 2004: 8: 337–341 32. Shermock KM, Horn E, Lipsett PA, Pronovost PJ, Dorman T. Number needed to treat and cost of recombinant human erythropoietin to avoid one transfusion-related adverse event in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 497–503 33. Corwin HL, Hebert P. Avoiding a blood transfusion: How much is it worth? Crit Care Med 2005; 33: 672–674


In this paper, a high gain broadband dipole antenna is presented and studied. The antenna comprises a pair of rectangle dipoles, a ground plan, and triangle metal planar feeds. The triangle transition portions are used for achieving good impedance matching and reducing the large inductance introduced by the thick air-layer substrate. The prototype antenna suitable for WLAN applications has been implemented and studied. Results show that high-gain and omnidirectional radiation characteristics can be obtained. Keyword : dipole antenna, omnidirectional


Course quality assurance becomes an important subject as the study of course quality assurance system.Starting with course reform,strengthening the improvement of course quality and building the course quality assurance system cultivating applied talents in local universities will enhance the coordinated development of local university and regional society.To assure course quality,we must insist both theoretical and practical? problem;both principle and creativity;both academic and technique;both development and summative one;both professional and company-wide.


This chapter presents the basic principles and functional relationships used for reliability assessment of systems with simple interconnections. Systems with simple interconnections are those that can be reduced to a single equivalent element or block through a sequence, however complex, of series and parallel reductions. The analysis of systems with complex interconnections is treated in Chapter 3. Although most multichannel systems have complex interconnections, many fundamental principles of redundant system reliability can be developed and understood using the principles discussed in the present chapter. The objective of this chapter is to first determine the overall reliability of a system that is composed of multiple subsystem elements or components, each with known reliability, and then to determine the reliability of the system that comprises these components. 2.1 The Reliability Function Reliability is defined as the probability that an element (that is, a component, subsystem or full system) will accomplish its assigned task within a specified time, which is designated as the interval t = [0, tM]. This book deals only with systems consisting of elements that can take on one of two states: either the element is operational (designated as the 1 state) or the element has failed (designated as the 0 state). Furthermore, the book considers only coherent systems, which have the following characteristics: (a) the reliability of the system increases if the reliability of its components increases, and (b) the system has no irrelevant components. The failure of any component or set of components in a coherent system cannot cause an increase in reliability, and every component has some effect, however small, on the overall reliability. If the reliability of the ith component of a system is pi and if this component has an unreliability qi, then pi = 1 − qi (2.1)


The papers presented in this special issue contribute to the growing interest in creativity in the study of multilingualism (cf. Deumert, 2014, 2017; Jones, 2012, 2016; Maybin & Swann, 2007). The renewed focus on creativity and play has come about due to a fundamental shift in how language is approached and understood; where language is no longer understood as a static and fixed entity, but rather as a dynamic and flexible resource (cf. Blommaert, 2010). This conceptual shift is the result of the increased globalisation of language, and the more fleeting or liquid character of society and social relations (Baumann, 2000). Each of the contributions to this volume is aligned with the social construction of space and place as dynamic and changeable. The repurposing of places and spaces brings new meaning potential to the material conditions of given social environments, a process that is enabled by instances of multilingual creativity and play described in this volume. The main aim of each of the papers is to focus on instances of creativity evident in the semiotic landscape (Jaworski & Thurlow, 2010), a site where language, together with other semiotic resources, is involved in the symbolic construction of space. Our focus on creativity in the semiotic landscape achieves three aims. Firstly, it serves to further broaden more traditional approaches to the linguistic landscape by taking the field away from its examination of parallel and written monolingualism to a focus on multilingual and multimodal resources. Secondly, by tracing the movement of semiotic resources across genres, media and social and geographical spaces we see questions of identity, power and ideology come to the fore. Thurlow, in his commentary urges scholars to further scrutinise these issues. And thirdly, by examining creativity and play produced and consumed by urban middle-class actors, we observe a common tendency to use it for identity, representation and branding work. In an attempt to expand the existing scholarship on multilingual creativity, the collection of papers in this volume aims to examine spaces of creative semiotic play, to not only describe these settings and outline their potential meanings, but to also critically address how such situated semiotic processes lead to the social construction of power relations. Attention to creativity and play can reveal tensions and ideological positions that constitute, reproduce and transform regimes of language. The remainder of this introduction will outline how this special issue contributes to an advancement of linguistic and semiotic


B cells primed in vivo with mouse or rat thyroglobulin present these antigens at very low concentrations to CH9, an Ly 1+2− T cell hybridoma specific for mouse and rat thyroglobulin. Presentation measured by interleukin 2 release from CH9 is sensitive to treatment with a monoclonal antibody eliminating splenic B cells but is unaffected by anti‐Thy‐1.2 or 33D1 (which destroy T cells and dendritic cells, respectively). Presentation is specific for the priming antigen and is blocked by preincubation of the B cells with sheep anti‐mouse F(ab′)2. We suggest that in this system, primed B cells present thyroglobulin and that this may represent a means by which an initial triggering event priming both B and T cells could allow maintenance of autoreactive responses in vivo in the presence of low concentrations of circulating antigen.


The design of two-stage filter and oscillator circuit is described.Its key point is the confirm of filter networks' parameter and the payout of the circuit.At last,the correlation and position calcula-tion are given.


Aberration correctors for scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) now readily produce sub-Å resolution high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) images [1, 2]. They also make possible substantially increased currents in atom-sized probes. The improvement in the probe current brings forth the day when signals with cross-sections smaller than high-angle elastic scattering will be able to routinely produce atomic-resolution information. The foremost among such signals is inner-shell loss inelastic scattering, probed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). This paper briefly reviews our efforts towards the production of atomic-resolution EELS elemental maps.


A vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) driver chip based on a novel circuit concept for current peaking has been designed and fabricated in a 0.25 /spl mu/m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. This concept allows the easy integration of a peaking driving scheme in CMOS. Experimental results show speed extension from 500 Mbit/s for current on-off to 3.9 Gbit/s for current peaking driving.


This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. ap plication Serial No. 662,598, filed May 31, 1957, now abandoned. This invention concerns a water-in-oil emulsion polymerization process in which a water-soluble monomer is emulsified in an oil phase and polyermized therein. Conventional emulsion polymerization procedures offer a method for polymerizing water-insoluble (or slightly Soluble) monomers to high molecular weight polymers at rapid rates of polymerization. In conventional emul sion polymerization procedures this is achieved by using an oil-in-Water emulsifier (usually of the micelle-forming type) to form a large number of monomer particles (about 104 per ml.), dispersed in an aqueous phase and a water-Soluble initiator to generate free radicals in the aqueous phase (about 103 per second per ml.). The free radicals diffuse through the aqueous phase and are captured by the monomer or growing polymer particles. After capture, each free radical initiates a polymer chain in the particle which continues to grow until the entry of a second free radical. When the number of sites of polymerization (polymer particles) is considerable rela tive to the number of free radicals generated per second, the kinetics will be dependent on the number of these sites. Hence a high molecular weight polymer can be prepared at a rapid polymerization rate. Water-soluble monomers are conventionally polymer ized by mass or solution techniques. Both of these methods have a disadvantage, namely, an inverse relation ship between the rate of polymerization and the molecular weight of the resulting polymer. It has now been discovered that water-soluble mono mers and mixtures thereof can be heat polymerized to high molecular weight polymers or copolymers at rapid rates of polymerization using a water-in-oil emulsion polymerization procedure in which one or a plurality of water-soluble monomers, perse or as an aqueous solution, is emulsified in an oil phase by means of a water-in-oil emulsifier and emulsion polymerized under free radical forming conditions to form a polymeric latex in which the oil phase is the dispersion medium. In accordance with this invention, all known polymer izable water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomers the polymers of which are insoluble in the continuous oil phase can be polymerized by a water-in-oil emulsion polymeriza tion process to give a polymeric latex. Such monomers have a water solubility of at least 5 weight percent and include acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylic acid, meth acrylic acid, vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride, alkali metal and ammonium salts of 2-sulfoethylacrylate, ar-sodium styrene sulfonate, 2-aminoethylmethacrylate hy drochloride, alkali metal and ammonium salts of vinyl benzyl sulfonates and the like. When aqueous solutions of the monomers are used, they can be varied widely in monomer content. Proportions between 100 and 5 percent by weight monomer correspondingly to 0 to 95 percent O


Radio-over-fiber signal transmission in stimulated-Brillouin-scattering (SBS)-limited systems is investigated. We found that SBS threshold is identical for 3G-RoF links and CW transmission and demonstrate that laser current modulation or increased SBS threshold fiber improves performance.


PurposeTo solve the path planning problem of the intelligent driving vehicular, this paper designs a hybrid path planning algorithm based on optimized reinforcement learning (RL) and improved particle swarm optimization (PSO).Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors optimized the hyper-parameters of RL to make it converge quickly and learn more efficiently. Then the authors designed a pre-set operation for PSO to reduce the calculation of invalid particles. Finally, the authors proposed a correction variable that can be obtained from the cumulative reward of RL; this revises the fitness of the individual optimal particle and global optimal position of PSO to achieve an efficient path planning result. The authors also designed a selection parameter system to help to select the optimal path.FindingsSimulation analysis and experimental test results proved that the proposed algorithm has advantages in terms of practicability and efficiency. This research also foreshadows the research prospects of RL in path planning, which is also the authors' next research direction.Originality/valueThe authors designed a pre-set operation to reduce the participation of invalid particles in the calculation in PSO. And then, the authors designed a method to optimize hyper-parameters to improve learning efficiency of RL. And then they used RL trained PSO to plan path. The authors also proposed an optimal path evaluation system. This research also foreshadows the research prospects of RL in path planning, which is also the authors' next research direction.


Assessment Quarterly, 4, 257-278. Poehner, M., 8c Lantolf, J. (2005). Dynamic assessment in the language classroom. Language Teaching Research, 9, 233-265. Rea-Dickins, P. (2001). Mirror, mirror on the wall: Identifying processes of classroom assessment. Language Testing, 18, 429-462. Rea-Dickins, P. (2007). Classroom-based assessment: Possibilities and pitfalls. Inj. Cummins 8c C. Davison (Eds.), International handbook of English language teaching, PartII(pp. 505-520). New York: Springer. Short, D., Gomez, E., Cloud, N., Katz, A., Gottlieb, M., 8c Malone, M. (2000). Training others to use the ESL standards: A professional development manual. Alexandria, VA: TESOL. Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). (1998). ESL standards forpre-K-12 students. Alexandria, VA: TESOL. Winer, L. (1992). "Spinach to chocolate": Changing awareness and attitudes in ESL writing teachers. TESOL Quarterly, 26, 57-80.


The present paper focused on social media and how it acts as a helping hand for businesses to grow. Through the medium of this paper effort was put to find out the opportunities and challenges in the path of using social media platforms, to study the behavior pattern of the companies which helps in knowing the expectations of the companies from the social media usage and knowing howsocial media impacts the buying behavior of consumers. Efforts were to find benefits desired by consumers and attractions in using social networking sites. The objective of this paper has been to relate social media with business and observe the fulfillment of objectives of the firms.Case study on women entrepreneurs was used to understand the impact of social media on women entrepreneurs.


The aim of this study is to clarify the transmission of C. burnetii between tick life stages and from ticks to their hosts. Therefore, a silicone-membrane based feeding system was adapted for feeding of Ixodes ricinus with C. burnetii Nine Mile phase II inoculated blood. Feces and adult ticks were tested by quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, L929 cells were inoculated with feces positive for C. burnetii DNA to confirm viability of the excreted bacteria. Larvae and nymphs were fed with C. burnetii inoculated blood and left for molting to assess transstadial transmission.


This article investigates the sources of prosopographical information used by Robert of Torigni, a twelfth-century Benedictine monk and historian at the Norman abbey of Le Bec (1128-54) and later abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel (1154-86). Robert is known to have composed a large number of detailed genealogical narratives, which he inserted into his redaction of William of Jumieges' Gesta Normannorum ducum, as well as into his continuation of Sigebert of Gembloux's 'World History', known as the Chronica. Much work has been done in an attempt to verify (or contest) the accuracy of Robert's genealogies, but little investigation has been undertaken of the possible templates used for their compilation. This article will redress this imbalance in two steps. First, it will offer a detailed analysis of Le Bec's twelfth-century library, discussing both extant and lost material and comparing Le Bec to other contemporary Norman and Anglo-Norman monasteries (particularly Durham), in order to theorise as to the types of so...


Damaging regularities of the red turpentine bark beetle(Scolytidae: Dendroctonus valens Le Conte) occurring in northwest China were studied.It was observed that the beetle only fed and damaged Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis).The damages were more serious in pure Chinese pine forests than in mixed forests,including P.tabulaeformis with Betula platyphylla,Populus davidiana,Quercus liaotungensis and shrubs.The damages in the forests located in low slope positions and valleys were more serious than those in the middle and up slopes,more serious in half-sunny slopes than in shade slopes.The damage degree in sunny slope was the least serious,and more serious in the forest edge and road side.The beetle was the most serious at the altitude above 1 500 m in Malan Mountains,and 1 100 to 1 300 m in Huanglong Mountain.


The paper tries to analyse the store cultivation policies during later Qing Dynasty under the central government.The article starts with government policies which influence regional economy.It also bases on historical document as well as a lot of archives. According to the analysis ,the authors think that this store cultivation stimulate agriculture margin area of Sichuan province, but due to the limitation of environment ,the government took a rather reasonable policy that not beyond local nature environment's endure capacity to Tibetan inhabited areas.


Abortion is included in health problems in society, because it gives impact on mother's pain and
mortality, especially on artificial abortus. It is assumed that unripe pineapple can increase uterus
contraction, so fetus can be born. But then, to date there is no clinical research able to prove its
validity. From the content of unripe pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) that is regarded can
increase the contraction is serotonin.
The purpose of this study is to know the effect of pinneaple extract (ananas comosus L. Merr)
toward the increment of uterus contraction of female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). The data that
is used in this study is the data from experiment in Physician Laboratory of Physician Faculty
University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Afterward, the data of uterus contraction measurement is
using kimograph. In every treatment, it is analyzed by using One way ANOVA, correlation andregression.
The result of this study shows that pinneaple extract (ananas comosus L. Merr) can increase the
uterus contraction separate from female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). From the result of one way
ANOVA test, shows that there is any difference of given pinneaple extract (ananas comosus L.
Merr) that means (significantly) between treatment toward uterus contraction separate from
female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). The pinneaple extract (ananas comosus L. Merr) has
significant influence in increasing the contraction in uterus separate from female guinea pig
(Cavia porcellus), the rate of influence is 85.9%.
The conclusion of this study is the increment of pinneaple extract dosage (ananas comosus L.
Merr) tends to increase the contraction in separate uterus of female guinea pig (Cavia porcellus),
than by unterus contraction from control group.


Aneurysms and acute dissections are the major diseases affecting the ascending thoracic aorta. These conditions are related; the natural history of an aneurysm involving the ascending aorta is to progressively and asymptomatically enlarge over time, ultimately leading to an acute ascending aortic dissection (type A dissection based on the Stanford classification, type I and II dissections based on the DeBakey classification). Although medical treatments can slow the enlargement of an aneurysm, the mainstay of treatment to prevent dissections is surgical repair of the ascending aortic aneurysm. This is typically recommended when the aneurysm diameter reaches 5.0 to 5.5 cm1; however, studies on patients presenting with acute ascending dissections indicate that up to 60% present with aneurysms 1200 patients presenting with ascending aortic dissection to emergency departments participating in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissections (IRAD).4

Article see p 1911

Many of the factors associated with a delay in …


Anticoagulants are commonly used in hematologic laboratories to thin the blood, anticoagulants normally used by EDTA, Garlic also has a compound that serves as an anticoagulant, but not all anticoagulants can be used because it can affect the morphology of blood cells. The purpose of this study was to compare the erythrocyte morphology using EDTA anticoagulants and garlic filtrates as alternative anticoagulants. This type of research is analytic. The sample was taken by non-random purposive sampling as many as 33 students from the total population of 50 students of semester VIII D IV of Health Analyst University of Muhammadiyah Semarang, then identified the erythrocyte morphology on EDTA anticoagulant samples and garlic filtrate. The result of the examination showed that there were 2 samples of samples using EDTA anticoagulant. There were 2 samples of crenation, while those using garlic 1 filtrate were crenated, this showed that samples using EDTA anticoagulant were slightly more likely to occur than garlic filtrate. Chi square statistic test obtained value of significance of 0.061 with significance level of 0.05 that is> 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is no difference of erythrocyte morphology using EDTA anticoagulant and garlic filtrat as alternative anticoagulant.
Keywords: EDTA anticoagulant, garlic filtrate, erythrocyte morphology


Since pre-hospital care is a crucial treatment component of critically ill patients, today, in urban health care system, generally reviewing and initial treatment of critical patient is conducted by the pre-hospital emergency and the more correct, accurate and more quickly it is done, the death and mutilation from diseases decline and on the other hand public confidence in the system increases. Therefore, this a method, the study will be conducted to evaluate the quality of prehospital emergency and investigate the causes of failure to get the patients to medical centers fast. This cross-sectional study investigates the viewpoints of the clinical staff of the Ahvaz EMS 115 on the main reasons of late transfer of patients to medical centers. To this end, the EMS 115 clinical staff were asked to fill a four-item questionnaire. The data were collected and statistically analyzed. Total of 154 personnel participated with average age of 44.4 ± 29.3 and had an average of 8.3 ± 3.17 years of work experience. Of them, 44.8% had diploma degree, 37.0% associate degree and 18.1% of them had a bachelor's degree. For these people, the most important factor in arriving late to emergency mission has been the waste of time for non-emergency missions, 48.7% knew the importance of this issue as high and 44.8% as very high. Other factors in order of importance were: lack of observing ambulance priority by people, poor urban texture for ambulance transportation, lack of enough emergency facilities and ambulances, physical location and location of the bases and ultimately in terms of subjects, low motivation of staff due to high traffic of missions and their fatigue. Other reasons of the late arrival of the ambulance to the patients from the perspective of the EMS 115 staff include: lack of awareness of the people and inappropriate culture of contacting emergency 115, failure to provide accurate and full address by the caller to emergency 115, the communication problems to control and track telephone intruders, the lack of personnel's update knowledge, non-emergency cases announced by the police force, lack of proper organization among the technician, doctor and patient, and lack of legal backing for 115 emergency personnel actively.


This paper presents the first detailed numerical study of the extinction of methane-air counterflow diffusion flames by the super-effective agent iron pentacarbonyl. Calculations using a gas-phase chemical mechanism reproduce the magnitude of inhibition for small amounts of inhibitor in the air, but overpredict the inhibition effect for larger amounts of inhibitor. Reaction pathway and reaction flux analyses show that a catalytic cycle involving FeO, Fe(OH),, and FeOH is primarily responsible for catalytic recombination of H atoms which produces the inhibition, and that a new cycle involving Fe(OH), FeOOH and Fe(OH), has a minor role. Reaction flux calculations demonstrate that the fractional flux of H and 0 atoms through the iron reactions increases as inhibitor concentration increases, but eventually the fractional fluxes level off. Saturation of the catalytic cycles can partially explain the diminishing effect of the inhibitor at high inhibitor loading shown in both the calculated and experimental results. Flame structure calculations are used to determine the reasons for stronger inhibition for air-side addition of the inhibitor than for fuel-side. Simulations using a idealized inhibitor confirm the important role of transport in inhibition of counterflow diffusion flames.


Continuous bioreactors for petroleum degradation and the effect factors of these bioreactors have rarely been mentioned in studies. In addition, indigenous bacteria living in seawater could influence the performance of continuous bioreactors with respect to petroleum degradation in practice. In this paper, a bioreactor fitted with immobilized petroleum–degrading bacteria beads was designed for further research. The results indicated that the diesel degradation rate of the bioreactor could remain above 50% over 27 days, while degradation performance decreased with bioremediation time. Intriguingly, the diameters of immobilized petroleum–degrading bacteria beads were reduced by 32.49% after 45 days remediation compared with the initial size of the immobilized petroleum–degrading bacteria beads. Change in immobilized petroleum–degrading bacteria beads was considered to correlate remarkably with reduced degradation efficiency. Therefore, this paper will be helpful for further study and improvement of bioreactors in the practical context of oil-spill accident recovery.


Technological complexity measures the extent of the technological diversification in the main fields of the standard scientific classification of the flows and stock of patents, held by each company, that is necessary to generate new technological knowledge. The paper investigates the relations between the technological complexity of the flow of patents delivered to the main European automobile companies and the evolution of their performances in terms of markets share. Technological complexity confirms to be animportant characteristic of private knowledge: i t exerts strong and positive effects on the competitive advantage of firms. Appropriate measures of technological complexity make it possible to qualify the quantitative measures of the technological competence of firms based upon patents counts.


CITATIONCintron WR. When we sleep, where we sleep, and with whom we sleep are all important markers or indicators of social status, privilege, and health. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(2):163.


The name of our sport teaching theory is the teaching theory about complementarity and reject between exercise technique and body building,and its theoretical basis is the principle of complementarity,it train of thought is that the teaching exercise technique is the sole purport of physical education curriculum,and the effect of body building is not emphasized.As the same time,it is not pursued that any applied benefit in a process of motor learning.The object effect will be that the teaching exercise technique and motor learning can strengthen the people constitution although it is not a purport.


RECENTLY THE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY ISSUED TWO REGULATIONS FOR WELDED CONSTRUCTION ONE FOR BUILDINGS AND THE OTHER FOR BRIDGES. A BRIEF DISCUSSION IS GIVEN OF THE PERTINENT CLAUSES DEVISED TO PROVIDE AN ACCEPTABLE QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP AND TO SPECIFY THE LIMITS OF DIMENSIONAL DEVIATION OBTAINED IN WELDED FABRICATION. /AUTHOR/


At present Chinese nurses could not get the up-to-date and high-quality evidences efficiently and conveniently due to language barrier and other practical difficulties. This program built a Chinese website of integrated evidence-based network information resources for EBN studies. Researchers hope to provide practical guidance and advice for nurses in non-English-speaking countries..


Differential item functioning (DIF) statistics were computed using items from the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT)-Reading Comprehension subtest for children of the same age group (ages 7 through 12 respectively). The pattern of observed DIF items was determined by comparing each cohort across age groups. Differences related to race and gender were also identified within each cohort. Characteristics of DIF items were identified based on sentence length, vocabulary frequency, and density of a sentence. DIF items were more frequently associated with short sentences than with long sentences. This study explored the potential limitation in the longitudinal use of items in an adaptive test.


Mossy fiber endings and their synapses have an increasing morphological complexity along the phylogenetic scale which is specially evident when the evolution from reptiles to birds is considered. Among birds and mammals, only scanty and merely qualitative differences have been noticed in the mossy fiber organization. In the present study, the mossy fiber endings organization within the neuropil of four pigeons, four rats and six men was studied at optic and ultrastructural levels using morphometric methods. No significant differences were found in the fraction of volume of the neuropil and in the number of granule cells per unit volume of granular layer in all the three species. In man, a significant decrease in the volume of mossy fiber endings per unit volume of neuropil, and significant increases in their surface‐to‐volume ratio, in the fraction of their neurolemma occupied by synaptic contacts and in the average length of their synaptic contact zones, were found. The total synaptic area of mossy fiber endings per unit volume of neuropil was larger in man than in other animals in spite of their more reduced volume.


Crop reference evapotranspiration(ET0)provides important basis for determining crop water requirement and optimizing irrigation management.In this work,based on the 42-year(1961-2002)long term meteorological database(including max-and min ?air temperature,relative humidity,sunshine duration,and wind speed)obtained from seven meteorological stations located in Beijing,Shijiazhuang,Anyang,Zhengzhou,Mengjin,Zhumadian,and Xinyang cities in the Huanghuaihai areas,the FAO56-PM equation was used to evaluate the fitness degree among the estimated ET0values of 10d,1month and 1year by three temperature-based ET0calculation methods,i.e.Hargreaves,McCloud and Thornthwaite,according to the 4indexes,including mean deviation,mean relative deviation,correlation coefficient,and t statistic.The results showed that the estimated values by Hargreaves method were best fitted to that by FAO56-PM,followed by McCloud,and Thornthwaite.This indicates that Hargreaves method was the most feasible and practical ET0calculation method for the regions similar to Huanghuaihai areas.A revised Hargreaves equation was suggested in this study to ensure it more suitable for ET0prediction in Huanghuaihai areas.


We survey the existence result for nonplanar traveling waves of a bistable reaction-diffusion equation in the space R n+1 , which gives a heteroclinic connection of the trivial solution and the unstable standing wave in R n . Since the problem can be formulated in a monostable case, the equation allows a continuous family of the traveling waves with the speed in a semi-infinite interval.


Professional careers constitute a phenomenon recurrently studied in social sciences. The aim of this article is to present a review of the available literature about the subject in order to identify how careers, trajectories and professional transitions are studied, what methodological analysis are used and to which topics they are recurrently associated to finally know in what conceptual and methodological models generate or on which those are supported. To this end, a search has been made in different indexed databases giving rise to a selection of 66 articles that deal with the phenomenon in question. The descriptive results by means of frequency tables highlight the growing proliferation of studies, especially qualitative, that address the phenomenon and point to the main conclusion of generating new conceptual models and categorization of careers that adapt to the environment and contemporary demands.


Development of conceptual framework of a research design can be compared to a mental process which regulates human efforts to achieve useful results. It can be treated as a network of efforts/steps, in which every step or effort is related to the other step/effort, either directly or indirectly. This framework, therefore, defines each effort, gives the causal relationship, direction and appropriateness to the research efforts. While addressing the conceptual framework the researcher should understand the different steps/efforts which are of methods and procedures to be followed, means of data collection and observation, method of analysis and how inferences should be drawn. The researcher must also exercise back and forth to ensure compatibility between various efforts/steps of the conceptual framework. The selective arrangement, placement and linkages of the efforts within the context and boundary of the conceptual framework is very crucial to the research design and any lapse or fault at any step may lead to unreliable and irrelevant results. However, the boundaries and structure of the conceptual framework do not have a rigId format but are quite flexible. In order to make the research reliable and credible, the researcher has to build a proper structure, context and define the boundary of conceptual framework.


Background Inter-individual differences in drug response are linked, in many cases, to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for drug-metabolising enzymes and transporters. Docetaxel is active for several tumour types, including breast cancer, but its use is limited by toxicity. Purpose To evaluate the associations between a panel of 86 SNPs in 32 genes and toxicities developed by breast cancer patients treated with docetaxel. Materials and methods Between June 2011 and February 2013 breast cancer patients treated with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide ± doxorubicin who gave informed consent were genotyped. Genomic DNA was analysed by a genetic analysis platform (MassArray, Sequenom). The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was assessed. The association between genotypes and toxicities was assessed with Fisher's exact test. Results Thirty-nine Caucasian women (median age: 48.2 years old; range: 33.7–75.8) were genotyped. Genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 79.5% (n = 31) of the patients were treated with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin and 20.5% (n = 8) with docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide. Significant associations between SNP genotypes and toxicities are shown in the table. No associations with neurotoxicity were found. Conclusions Genetic variations in ABCB1, NOS3 and ERCC1 have been related to incidences of anaemia, neutropenia, diarrhoea and mucositis in docetaxel-treated breast cancer patients. These results need to be validated in a bigger population in order to be translated into clinical practice. No conflict of interest.


Background: Panoramic radiography is a routinely advised extraoral radiograph in a dental practice due to its diverse implications in the field of oral and maxillofacial diagnosis. The visibility of normal structures in the panoramic radiographs is of paramount importance as their margins should be delineated clearly from pathological structures that will aid in the correct diagnosis and treatment planning. Aims and Objective: The study aimed to compare the subjective image quality of selected anatomical landmarks on CCD-based panoramic images with and without processing. The objective was to highlight the importance of processed images, which are frequent in day-to-day practice. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 60 subjects with a complete complement of permanent teeth excluding third molars. Selected subjects were clinically examined, and a digital panoramic examination was done. The radiograph obtained was assessed for the subjective image analysis based on the visibility of six major anatomical landmarks using a 3-point scale, and the overall image assessment was done using a 4-point scale. The data was tabulated for statistical analysis. Results: Digital panoramic radiographs with post-processing showed superior visibility with regard to the six anatomical landmarks as well as for overall image assessment which was found to be statistically significant (P <.05). Conclusion: Post-processing tools such as sharpening and gamma with sharpening were best to visualize anatomical landmarks.


Biomass Production Miscanthus has received widespread attention as a biomass crop in Europe where it is used primarily for combustion in power plants. It is desirable for this use because of its low water and ash contents and high energy output to input ratio. In the U.S., Miscanthus is being investigated as a biomass crop for bioenergy and biofuel. Research into Miscanthus production and use has been conducted for more than 30 years in Europe, but is in its early stages in the U.S.


Eyes Absent 4 (EYA4) belongs to a family of protein phosphatases initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster as a compound of a network of transcriptional regulators associated with eye development. In the recent years, it has been demonstrated that EYA4 is deregulated in different types of cancer, acting as an oncogene in MPNST and as a tumor suppressor gene in esophageal adenocarcinoma, colon and colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia and pancreatic cancer. Despite its association with different pathologies, the exact function of EYA4 is still unknown. A better understanding of the novel role of EYA4 in the maintenance of genome integrity and its implication in tumorigenesis and cancer development would help determining if EYA4 could be a new potential cancer therapeutic target. As part of this effort, colony formation assays have been performed after the exposure to different cytotoxic/genotoxic drugs, in order to study cell survival in EYA4 knocked down cells, and gain knowledge in sensitivity/resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. It was proven that EYA4 knockdowns and control has no resistance to MMC and MMS.


AbstractThe stucco decorations in the church of San Ambrogio, Cantu (Como, Italy) date to the baroque and represent an important example of decorative schemes in Lombardy. Gold leaf was originally applied to a 'finishing mortar', composed essentially of calcic lime and marble fragments. Examination of gilded fragments by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and micro-Raman spectroscopy established that under the gold leaf (which was up to 5μm thick), a layer composed of lead oxides (PbO, Pb3O4) and lead sulphate (PbSO4) was present. Gas-chromatographic/mass-spectrometric analysis (GC/MS) revealed that linseed oil was used in the mordant for the gilding. It seems that the gold leaf was applied using linseed oil as a mordant (fixing agent) and litharge as a dryer and/or inert pigment. Where the gold leaf had become detached, the orange-red surface was covered with a lime painting, scialbo, which cont...


A method for selecting one or more records from a database comprising the steps of: inputting one or more selection criteria, reading and grouping the records, and output selected records, characterized in that the grouping of the records from the database is performed before inputting the selection criteria and the so grouped records are stored separately in a memory before entering the selection criteria. In this case, at least one selection criterion are taken into account with a blur and the degree of blur can be selectable.


The data suggesting the enterosorbent influence on the activity of proteolysis inhibitors and arginase, on the fibrin-fibrinogen and fibronectin decay products content, blood serum toxin fixating activity of injured with the burns were presented. The dependence of expression of mentioned indexes changes from the trauma severity in acute burn disease period was shown. The enterosgel application promotes the lowering of dystrophic degree severity, alike the hepar and fixed macrophage system load, the investigated indexes normalization acceleration, and patients condition improvement.


that the small head toothbrush with high number of hard filaments is effective on the plaque removal , but further studies will be needed.


Background: Assess the effectiveness of oral misoprostol as an alternative to oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour in Dakar/Senegal. Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the maternity ward of a university hospital on 304 women who had vaginal delivery. These women were randomly assigned into 2 groups based on active delivery conditions: the first group received an oral administration of misoprostol (400 mcg) and the second group 5 IU oxytocin through intravenous route. Results: The average volume of blood loss was 196.55 ml in the misoprostol group and 208.39 ml in the oxytocin group (p=0.63). The incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (>500 cc) was 6.49% in the misoprostol group and 9.33% in the oxytocin group (p=0.358). The average rate of haemo globin decline was 0.38 g/dl in the misoprostol group and 0.29 g/dl in the oxytocin group (p=0.99). The proportion of hyperthermia, shivering, and nausea in the misoprostol and oxytocin groups were respectively: 2.59% against 0.6% (p=0.123), 7.14% against 2% (p=0.001) and 2.59% against 0.6% (p=0.498). Conclusions: In Senegal, Misoprostol despite its side effects, is an effective alternative to oxytocin in the active management of the third stage of labour for low-risk parturient women to reduce the risk of maternal deaths due to post-partum hemorrhage.


Surface-modified silicate luminescent material comprises a silicate luminescent material and a coating, wherein the coating comprises a combination of (a) a fluorinated inorganic preparations, fluorinated organic formulation, or a fluorinated inorganic formulated and fluorinated organic formulation includes a combination of the fluorinated coating to produce a hydrophobic surface sites, and (b) and wherein the fluorinated coating and at least one moisture barrier layer, at least one. The moisture barrier layer .FIELD 1a


Public key encryption with equality test (PKE-ET) enables anyone to perform equivalence test between two messages encrypted under distinct public keys. Attribute-hiding predicate encryption is a paradigm for public key encryption that supports both attribute-hiding and fine-grained access control. In this paper, we first initialize the concept of attribute-hiding predicate encryption with equality test (AH-PE-ET) by incorporating the notions of PKE-ET and PE, and then propose a concrete AH-PE-ET scheme. Inheriting the merits of predicate encryption, versatile access control can be achieved such that the ciphertexts and the secret key are, respectively, associated with the descriptive attributes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$x$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and the boolean functions <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and decryption can only be done if <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f(x)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> returns <italic>true</italic>. In the AH-PE-ET scheme, one data receiver can calculate a trapdoor using his/her private key and delivers this trapdoor to an untrusted cloud server, who in turn compares the ciphertexts from this receiver with other receivers' ciphertexts. During the comparison, the information about the trapdoor as well as the attributes associated with the ciphertexts will not be disclosed to this cloud server. Furthermore, it is also proven to be selectively secure against the chosen plaintext attack in the standard model under the decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman assumption. Finally, the theoretical performance analysis and experimental simulation indicate the feasibility and practicability of our suggested scheme.


Sventenius published
the names and descriptions of new
species mainly in two major works, the
Additamentum ad Floram Canariensem
in 1960 and Plantae Macaronesienses
Novae vel minus Cognitae 1-3 between
1969 y 1971. Both these publications,
written in Latin, have been the subject
of controversy in recent years over the
question of whether the new species
names published by Sventenius comply
or not with the rules of the International
Code of Botanical Nomenclature which
is the international legal framework
governing the scientific names of plants.
Here it is argued that the Sventenius
names are validly published and should
be accepted as such.


Microplastics (MPs) as widespread contamination pose a high risk for aquatic organisms. However, current understanding of MP toxicity is based on cell population-averaged measurements. Our aim was to gain a comprehensive understanding of the size-dependent effects of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) on intestinal cell populations in zebrafish and characterize the interplay of MPs, intestinal cells and intestinal microbiota. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to determine the transcriptome heterogeneity of 12000 intestinal cells obtained from zebrafish exposed to 100-nm, 5-μm and 200-μm PS-MPs for 21 days. Eight intestinal cell populations were identified. Combined with changes in intestinal microbiota, our findings highlight a previously unrecognized endpoint that all three sizes of PS-MPs induced dysfunction of intestinal immune cells (including effects on phagosomes and regulation of immune system processes) and increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. However, only 100-nm PS-MPs altered expression of genes related to phagocyte-produced ROS generation and increased mucus secretion by secretory cells. Microsize PS-MPs specifically changed the lysosome (5 μm) and cell surface receptor signaling (200 μm) processes of macrophages. Our findings pinpoint to cell-specific and size-dependent responses to PS-MPs in fish intestine, which can provide a reference for future study directions.


Dear Editor, Thank you for allowing us the opportunity to address Lewis et al.'s query regarding our publication 'Impact of maternal diet on neonatal anthropometry: a randomized controlled trial', in Pediatric Obesity. Regarding the query on trial registration, we respectfully fail to see how a reader could draw the conclusion that the Donnelly et al. publication was anything other than an exploratory analysis of anthropometric outcomes using data from the original ROLO trial (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN54392969). In contrast to Lewis et al.'s claims, anthropometric measures were mentioned in the trial protocol registration, and did not form part of the set of primary and secondary end points, which were analysed for the original ROLO trial (1), which was published in 2012. The trial registration mentions neonatal anthropometry including birth weight, length and head circumference but did not exclude the measurement of further anthropometric measurements on a subgroup. The Donnelly et al. study was a secondary data analysis, consisting of exploratory comparisons of the original intervention and control groups as clearly detailed in the paper: 'As part of the study, neonatal anthropometric measurements were taken on a subgroup of 265 neonates. One hundred twenty-six (47.5%) were in the intervention group and 139 (52.5%) were in the control group'. It therefore does not conform to a typical epidemiological observational study, as the randomized intervention is a key predictor, and benefits from many of the rigorous standards of the original study. Lewis et al. also state that the protocol does not list glucose intolerance as a primary or secondary outcome; however, it is clearly stated in the protocol that at 12 weeks, fasting blood glucose (and insulin, leptin and IGF-1) will be taken and that they would be used to assess baseline insulin resistance and glucose status. It is also stated in the trial protocol that participants will undergo a glucose challenge test at 28 weeks to determine the presence of gestational diabetes, i.e. degree of glucose intolerance. While this was not a primary outcome, the results of this analysis have been published (1,2). We thank Lewis et al. for discovering and highlighting the typographical error in the abstract on the mean thigh circumference in the control group, which eluded both our, the peer reviewers, and the editor's notice. We emphasize that the P-value presented for a group comparison of thigh circumference was correct (P = 0.04) and our conclusions remain unaltered; Lewis et al.'s estimate of P = 0.0116 differs entirely because of the imprecision of the summary statistics from which it was derived. The error in table 3 resulted from a miscalculation of the mean summation of skin-folds, which were, as Lewis et al. pointed out, 28.48 mm SD ± 5.6 in the intervention group and 28.74 mm SD ± 5.2 in the control group. The conclusion arising from a t-test comparing these groups are unchanged (P = 0.723). Multiple testing issues are contentious in medical research. There is a clear need for, on one hand, intervention studies that can be evaluated quantitatively via prespecified tests and non-subjective metrics, while on the other hand, there must be room for unplanned discoveries to arise from exploratory research and for those findings be communicated to the scientific community within the peerreview framework. Lewis et al. should not confuse the demands for transparent and reproducible research, which we support, with an exigency that all research be conducted at the level of evidence expected of a blinded randomized controlled trial. The readers are referred to Vandenbroucke (3) and to Andrew Gelman's paper 'The garden of forking paths' (4) for enlightening discussions of these issues, which all biomedical researchers should be aware of while conducting their own research and reviewing published findings. To specifically address the use of multiple testing corrections, in the context of Donnelly et al.'s secondary data analysis, the epidemiological view is that each test arguably stands on its own as an independent clinical hypothesis even if not statistically independent, and that exploring many outcomes with validation through replication is a realistic approach in the absence of strong a priori hypotheses. The commonly used Bonferroni procedure is known to be extremely conservative in cases of tests on several correlated scores, with an increased type II error rate leading to the exclusion of excess true effects. As Lewis et al. correctly point out, the thigh circumference difference would not be significant at a Bonferroniadjusted significance threshold of 0.0036. However, the balance of type I and type II errors in exploratory medical research should be in favour of avoiding the latter – that is to achieve adequate power to detect unexpected effects. The study of Donnelly et al. was adequately powered for individual anthropometric measures to detect a clinically relevant difference of 0.5 cm, and furthermore, we believe that the conclusions drawn were not hyperbolic in their presentation, accompanied as they were by a discussion of the limitations of thigh circumference as a measure of adiposity and a final paragraph calling for further research. While we regret the confusion Lewis et al. encountered on reading Donnelly et al. in the context of the published L E T T E R T O T H E E D IT O R


For the preparation of (M1M2M3 ... Mx) 3 (PO4) 2 · a? H2O metal phosphate or a single class of mixed metal phosphate method, wherein 0≤a≤9, wherein (M1, M2, M3 ... Mx) indicates that a single metal phosphate or mixed metal phosphate of the metal more metals, and is selected from the group consisting of: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Zr, Hf, Re, Ru, la, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, is provided in the at least one metal phosphate selected from the group: Mn, Fe, Co and Ni, wherein the method is characterized in that a) preparing an aqueous solution (the I), the aqueous solution comprising at least one or more metals Mn, Fe, Co and / or Ni as divalent cations, the method of preparing the aqueous solution is at least metal Mn, Fe, metal oxide (II) Co and / or Ni, metal (III) and / or metal (IV) compounds or mixtures thereof, or selected from hydroxides, oxides, alkaline oxide compound was oxidized state, hydrated oxides, carbonates and basic carbonates mixed with at least one metal Mn, Fe, Co and / or Ni or an alloy with elemental form, comprising the introduction of phosphorus The aqueous medium an acid, and the oxide compound and a metal in elemental form or an alloy reaction (redox reaction) to form a divalent metal ion, b) any solids from the aqueous solution (I) phosphoric acid isolated present, C ) when the phosphate is a mixed metal phosphate, and in addition to the aqueous solution introduced in stage a) further comprises a metal selected from (M1, M2, M3 ... Mx) of metal, in addition, also at least one metal (M1 , M2, M3 ... Mx) at least one compound is added as an aqueous solution or as a solid material to the salt form of an aqueous solution of metal hydroxide (the I), wherein the at least one compound selected from the oxide, It was basic oxides, hydrated oxides, carbonates, basic carbonates, carboxylate, sulfate, chloride or nitrate, d) provide a pH of the initial charge solution (II value 5-8) the initial charge solution (II)) an aqueous solution (I) by adding an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution and an aqueous phosphoric acid solution is prepared from, or may be prepared from an aqueous solution of one or more alkali metal phosphates, E to the initial charge solution (II), in such a way while Tim Alkaline aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution: pH of the resulting reaction mixture was maintained in the range of 5-8, preferably in the range of 6-7, resulting in (M1M2M3 ... Mx) 3 (PO4) 2 · a? H2O-based phosphate precipitate from the reaction solution and separating the precipitated phosphate.


Datafication technologies increasingly permeate 21st-century workplaces and enable employers to transform artifacts of employees' social and working lives into computerized quantitative data, promising to make organizational control more effective. Since these new technology control systems are scarcely studied empirical phenomena, this paper employs an explorative embedded single-case study to investigate how organizational members perceive these new technology control systems. The case study triangulates qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with leaders and employees, participant observations, site visits, as well as the state of the art of the literature on electronic performance monitoring and electronic surveillance. Results indicate that datafication technologies permeate workplaces in many and partly so far unknown ways. More precisely, the case reveals that datafication technologies autonomously enact various organizational control functions and develop their own momentum as they are perceived to divide formerly larger tasks into narrower work packages. However, this does not necessarily impair the trust of leaders and employees but points towards initial propositions of how the workplace context interacts with datafication technologies to make employees co-creators of datafication control. Hence, the insights invite decision-makers to critically revisit organizational design strategies in the realm of datafication to seize technological opportunities without leaving employees behind.


Despite improvement in the proportion of patients achieving durable remission with dose intensive consolidation strategies, leukemic relapse still occurs in 40–70% of patients who achieve an initial remission. Studies utilizing ASCT for AML in CR1 have reported relapse free survival between 34–80% based on cytogenetic risk stratification. We report a 15 year experience of ASCT following high dose cytarabine (Ara-C) ± idarubicin (IDA) consolidation in 168 patients (intent to transplant, ITT) in CR1 treated between 3/89 and 6/03. The treatment consisted of a): consolidation with high dose Ara-C ± IDA followed by marrow (M) harvest (n=64) or collection of G-CSF primed stem cells (PSCs) (n=73), b) ASCT using FTBI 12Gy, Etoposide 60mg/kg, Cytoxan 75mg/kg (n=97) or Busulfan targeted to 1 st dose AUC 700–900, FTBI 1200Gy and Etoposide 30mg/kg (n=40), and c) IL-2 9x10 6 IU/m 2 /24 hrs days 1–4 and IL-2 1.6 x 10 6 IU/m 2 /24 hrs days 9–18 beginning at hematologic recovery post ASCT (from 1995-present). Patient characteristics at ITT were median age 40.8 yr. (16.3–60.9); cytogenetics (SWOG criteria) favorable = 42(25%) (including 11 M3 pre 1993), intermediate=70(42%), unfavorable=16(10%), indeterminate and unknown=40(23%); WBC 2 in 49% and 51% received high dose Ara-C induction. Median time from CR1 to consolidation was 27.6 days. Of the 168 patients consolidated, 137 had ASCT. The 100-day non-relapse mortality (NRM) for consolidation+ASCT was 2%. With a median follow up of 9.5 yrs, the 5 yr OS, DFS relapse rate (RR) for 168 ITT patients is 57%, 51%, and 41% respectively. The 5 yr OS, DFS and RR for each cytogenetic category are: favorable 64%, 63%, 29%; intermediate 58%, 50%, 41%; unfavorable 45%, 31%, 67%; and unknown cytogenetics 49%, 48%, 44% respectively. The 5 yr OS, DFS and RR for the 137 transplanted patients were 62%, 59%, and 36%. The 5 year OS and RR for favorable cytogenetics are 69%, 24%; intermediate 62%, 36%; unfavorable 55%, 58%; and unknown 55%, 42% respectively. Prognostic variables analyzed for each outcome in the ITT group were: age, WBC, cytogenetics, Ara-C induction dose, one vs. two inductions and IDA in consolidation. By multivariate analyses the number of inductions was predictive for OS with hazard ratio=2.2 (95%CI:1.2–4.3) p=0.02. No variables were found to be predictive of DFS or relapse. The same variables with the addition of conditioning regimen, IL-2 and M vs. PSCs were analyzed for the 137 transplant patients. By multivariate analysis IL-2 was predictive for OS and DFS and cytogenetics was predictive of relapse. These results demonstrate that the strategy of high dose Ara-C consolidation followed by ASCT can be performed with low NRM. This approach appears to improve the outcome of patients with all cytogenetic risk groups when compared with multiple cycles of high dose Ara-C. The role of post-transplant IL-2 appears to be beneficial and merits further investigation.