A variety of tumours injected into rats were found to rapidly stimulate cytotoxicity which was similar to naturally‐occurring cytotoxicity of normal rats. Cytotoxic cells from the spleen and peritoneal cavity closely resembled NK cells in their lytic specificity and cell‐surface characteristics. Thus, although cytotoxicity could be stimulated "non‐specifically" with tumours which were resistant to lysis in vitro by NK cells, the cytotoxic cells exhibited patterns of specificity against a panel of target cells in direct lysis or competitive inhibition assays which were similar to those of NK cells from normal rats. These cells also closely resembled NK cells in being largely non‐adherent, non‐T cells, and in exhibiting a similar heterogeneity in the expression of Fc receptors. Thus, cytotoxicity which was augmented shortly after tumour inoculation appeared to be attributable to NK cells. However, whilst the majority of NK cells from normal or tumour‐inoculated rats shared these properties, significant heterogeneity was observed Minor populations of cytotoxic cells were adherent, were lysed by a heterologous anti‐T‐cell antiserum and complement and did not express an Fc receptor, although it was not determined whether the same subpopulation possessed all three characteristics.


We study the effects of extra dimension on the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the stabilized Randall-Sundrum scenario. The effects of the KaluzaKlein states heavier than the cut-off scale expected to be of order Λπ are neglected. Contribution from the spin-2 Kaluza-Klein states dominates over that from the spin-0 radion. The recent BNL E821 results impose a strict constraint on the parameter space of the model: Λπ ≈ 0.4 − 2.1 TeV with k/MPl = 0.01 − 0.1. Small k/MPl is preferred if Λπ is TeV scale. PACS number(s): 11.30.Pb, 11.30.Er firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Recent BNL E821 measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon [1] has drawn big interest since the result shows 2.6σ deviation from the standard model (SM) prediction and may be indeed a harbinger of the new physics at TeV scale [2] δaμ ≡ aμ(exp) − aμ(SM) = 43(16) × 10 (1) where aμ ≡ (gμ − 2)/2 and aμ(exp) is the world average of experimental values. Since much more data have been already obtained and statistical improvements of the experiment will be achieved, it is timely to see the implication of the advocates of the new physics on aμ. Many supersymmetric [3] and non-supersymmetric [4] interpretations for this anomaly were already proposed, and the combined constraints with other experiments and observations were studied in the particular models [5]. In this study, we consider the implication of extra dimensional model suggested by Randall and Sundrum (RS) [6]. RS presented a 5-dimensional non-factorizable geometry, based on AdS5 spacetime, to generate the hierarchy. In this case, the weak scale could be geometrically generated from the warp factor which arises from the well adjusted boundary conditions reconciled with four dimensional Poincaré invariance on the branes. The extra dimension is an interval with a S/Z2 orbifold symmetry and two 3 branes with opposite tensions are located at fixed points at φ = 0 and φ = π where φ is the angular coordinate of the fifth dimension. From the four dimensional effective action in RS scenario, one can get the relation between the induced four dimensional Planck scale MPl and the fundamental quantum gravitation/string scale MS; M Pl = M S k (1 − ec) (2) where k is AdS5 curvature and rc is the radius of extra orbifold dimension. Assuming that we live on the brane with a negative tension, a field on this brane with the fundamental mass m0 will appear to have the physical mass m = e m0. Thus the weak scales are generated via the exponential warp factor from the Planck scale with krc ≃ 12. The masses of the KK graviton and their couplings to the SM fields could be determined by mode expansions and proper normalizations. For the n-th excited state the mass is given as [7], 2


OF THESIS PROSTAGLANDIN TRANSPORT AND CATABOLISM IN THE CHOROiD PLEXUS DURTNG PERINATAL AND POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT iN SHEEP by Nancy Kruttic Ph.D., 1999, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto In sheep, the marked decrease in pro staglandin (PG)E2 levels in ventricular cerebrospinal fiuid (CSF) after birth is believed to promote continuous breathing. Factors responsible for this decrease are unknown In adults, prostaghdins are cleared fiom CSF to plasma by carriermediated, pro benecid-sensitive bansport across the choroid plexus. Circulating prostaglandins are cleared Born plasma by a similar carrier in lungs and kidneys. Carrier-mediated transport is rate-limiting for catabolism via 15hydroxyprostagiandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) at these sites. It is not known whether carrier-mediated transport andor 1 5-PGDH-mediated catabolism operate in the choroid plexus during perinatal development, or if an increase in their activities contributes to the postnatal decrease in CSF PGE2. To address these questions, we examined in vitro 3 ~ PGE2 and 'H-PGF~, uptake and catabolism by the sheep choroid plexus using liquid scintillation spectrornetry and thin-layer radiochrornatography. 15-PGDH was locahd by immunofluorescence and immunogokl histochemistry. In the term fetus, PGE2 and PGFzo were accumulated against a concentration-gradient in a saturable, probenecidsensitive, tirneand temperature-dependent marner. Uptake was similar in fetuses (pretemi and terni) and kmbs (-5 and 15 d) and tended to be higher in adults. In the fenis, both prostaglandins were extensively catabolized by 15-PGDH. PGE2 catabolism did not change durhg the perinatal perbd, while PGF2, catabolism decreased soon &et birth. Catabolism was probenecid-insensitive and., thus, hctioned independently of uptake. In adults, catabolism was marginal and, accordingly, 15-PGDH was undetectable. In fetuses, 15-PGDH was localized near the CSF-king membrane of epithelial cells. In larnbs, 15-PGDH was localized, Uistead, in stmrnal fibroblasts. PGEz catabolism did not change in association with the postnatal relocaluation of 15-PGDH, whereas PGF*, catabolism decreased. This study confhns that, in the perinatal sheep as in the adult, prostagiandins can be cleared kom CSF via carrier-mediated transport across the choroid plexus. Contrary to the adult, in the ktus, prostagiandins are completely catabolized in the choroid plexus. The postnatal fa11 in CSF PGE2 camot be attributed to hcreased clearance via either transport or catabolism in the choroid plexus. However, the concomitant activity of the prostagiandin carrier and 19-PGDH may help to maintain PGE2 low in neonates and, by extension, to Nstaia continuous breathing.


In the approximation of the effective-range theory, the explicit expressions for S and P phase shifts of the pi -- K scattering are derived. (auth)


A clinical and statistical study of football injuries at an overseas air force base recorded 290 injuries. Of these, 111 were major football injuries. The knee was the most frequently injured area, and sprains were the most frequent type of disabling injury. Thirty-eight players were hospitalized, 22 players were operated upon, and 65 players received injuries such that they were unable to finish out the season. There were no deaths. The number of players competing was 465. There were 34 games among five teams during the 20-game 1965 season and the first 14 games of the 1966 season. The classification of these injuries and their grading by degree of severity is accomplished through the use of the AMA's Standard Nomenclature of Athletic Injuries .


The screw dislocation growth mechanism is shown to be operative for the growth from the melt of certain faces of PbI2 at small supercoolings.


Previously, we showed that tempering with saline organic acid solutions can reduce the aerobic plate count of wheat by as much as 4.3 log CFU/g. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of these tempering solutions on the functional properties of resulting whole grain (WGF) and straight-grade (SGF) flours. Wheat was tempered to 15.5% moisture by tempering with sterile distilled water (control) or solutions containing NaCl (26% [w/v]) together with organic acid (acetic or lactic 2.5 and 5.0% [v/v]). After milling, fractions were collected and recombined as needed to obtain WGF or SGF. The acid content in WGF was higher than in SGF, indicating limited penetration of the organic acids into the endosperm of the grain. In WGF, the saline organic acid treatments caused a decrease in paste viscosity and bread crumb cell sizes in breads. In SGF, the saline organic acid treatments caused significant changes in paste viscosity and some Mixograph parameters; however, principal components analysis indicat...


Crystallization processes in silver-ion conducting superionic borate and phosphate glasses are presented. Experimental evidence indicates that these processes are determined by the dopant concentration x, glass former, molar ratio of modifier to former η = [Ag2O]/[P2O5], cooling rate of the molten glass during preparation, and by the thermal history of the glass. A crystal-free material is produced by the press-quenching method, in which the total concentration of AgI does not exceed 64–65 mol %. Rapid quenching of highly-doped borate glasses results in the formation of α-AgI crystallites in the glass. The phase deteriorates when stored for a long time or after pressure operation. Annealing prompts crystallization in solid glasses when they contain 40 2), the crystalline phases precipitate in the glass bulk. Investigations point to the key role of a rigid substructure in crystallization. Some of the results indicate that primary crystallization is preceded by a precrystallization stage.


Due to complexity of implementing workflow management system and problems of soundness verification of workflow model,a combination method of workflow nets and ECA(event-condition-action) rule that constructs a workflow management system is brought forward.The semantics description and control of workflow nets are unified by the workflow description and executive mechanism based on ECA rule.Through establishing workflow description table based on ECA rule,the flow of the workflow is expediently controlled by adding ECA rules into workflow route mechanism.Through event trigger and message handle mechanisms,workflow description table can be executed and controlled by actually system.


There is a long held general belief in society that persons with a major mental disorder are
dangerous. The media play an important role in the maintenance of this belief by
highlighting cases of violent acts by mentally disordered individuals. Though, during the
seventies, this belief became more and more criticized. Studies on the relation between
severe mental illness and (violent) criminal offending found no relation between the two.
In an extensive research on violent crime by 'mentally abnormal offenders' in Germany,
Hafner and Boker (1973) concluded that "if we define the dangerousness of the mentally
abnormal as the probability of their committing a violent crime, then our findings show
that this does not exceed the dangerousness of the legally responsible adult population as
a whole" (p. 284). From The Baxstrom Studies (Cocozza & Steadman, 1974), we learned
that psychiatry failed in the prediction of dangerousness in the mentally ill. Similarly, in
the Netherlands, Tuinier (1989) wrote his dissertation on a field study on the relation
between psychiatric syndrome and criminality. He also concluded that psychiatric
syndromes (except for abuse disorders) have no relation with criminal offending.


Purpose: Diabetic foot ulcer is a representative disease of chronic would with multiple defects of wound healing factors. Many nutrition factors have been known to be essential for wound healing, but objective data are lacking. The purpose of this study is to determine those factors essential for wound healing, and to find out which of those factors are lacking in diabetic foot ulcer patients through this pilot study.Methods: We studied 100 patients who visited our clinic from March 2005 to February 2006 for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers with a duration of more than 6 weeks. We checked serum levels of protein, albumin, vitamin A, C, E, iron, magnesium, zinc, copper and hemoglobin by drawing 23cc blood after 8 hours of fasting. Protein, albumin, iron, magnesium levels were measured by colorimetry; hemoglobin levels were measured by auto analysis. Vitamin levels were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), copper and zinc levels were measured by Inductively coupled plasma (ICP). They were compared with normal values. The patients were divided by transcutaneous oxygen pressure levels, age and sex to study the effects of these parameters.Results: 76% and 61% of patients had within-normal range serum protein and albumin levels, respectively. Among vitamins, only the level of vitamin C was low in 55% of the patients. Levels of vitamin A, E were normal or high in 93% and 100% of patients. As for trace elements, levels of iron and zinc were low in 63% and 60% of patients, but levels of magnesium and copper were usually normal or high. Levels of vitamin C, iron and zinc were lower in the low-transcutaneous oxygen pressure group. There were no definite differences according to age and sex.Conclusion: Serum levels of Hb, vitamin C, iron, zinc were low in most diabetic foot ulcer patients. The deficit was very severe in the low-transcutaneous oxygen pressure group.


NTB has a large zeolite potential with a zeolite content percentage of 190,405 tons. One area that has great potential is the Selong belanak Central Lombok precisely at coordinates 8o51'48.5 "S 116o10'62.0" E mull mullet. Utilization of zeolite Lombok area is only used as a mixture of animal feed because it has not done research on its potential. One potential zeolite is its ability as an absorbent. Alcohol fermentation has not been able to be an alternative as a solution to energy problems. Alcohol fermentation only produces alcohols of less than 30% purity. This is caused by acetic acid byproducts that make microbes in the fermentation process can not breed optimally. From these problems need to be performed zeolite characteristic for optimal utilization. The purpose of this research is to find out the characteristics of natural zeolite of Selong belanak Lombok as an adsorbent in purifying alcohol of fermentation. The method of this research is descriptive with data collecting technique performed by zeolite characterization including cation exchange capacity with Schollenberger method, surface area using methylene blue method, absorption using Iodometry titration method, zeolite water content using gravimetric method and alcohol concentration determined by specific gravity and instrument GC-MS. Based on the result of natural zeolite research, Selong belanak Lombok has characteristic with natural cation zeolite exchange capacity of Selong Belanaq Lombok for 14,0894 meq / 100 gram. The zeolite surface area is 16, 3537 m2 / gram. Absorption zeolite to iodium is relatively low at 2.9357%. water content obtained from natural zeolite Selong Belanaq Lombok is 7.74%. After use of various alcoholic distillate absorbent fermentation alcohol concentration was obtained 81.4%. Based on the findings of natural zeolite researchers mullet tubes need to be activated more optimally to produce alcohols with purity above 99%, as laden mixture material in gasoline.


Objective To establish a SYBR Green Ⅰ-based real-time PCR assay for detecting gene polymorphisms of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1(VKORC1) and cytochrome P450 2C9(CYP2C9).Methods Genomic DNA of peripheral blood samples from 134 patients with heart valve replacement surgery was extracted.A set of allele-specific PCR primers was designed for each single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of VKORC1 C1173CT and CYP2C9 1075AC.The fluorescent dye of SYBR Green Ⅰ was added into the PCR reaction system,and the genotype of each sample was determined by melting curve analysis after amplification.Results Each genotype of VKORC1 1173CT and CYP2C9 1075AC had its respective melting curve patterns.Among the 134 patients,the cases of TT,TC and CC genotype of VKORC1 1173CT were 111(82.8%),21(15.7%) and 2(1.5%),and the cases of *1/*1 and *1/*3 genotype of CYP2C9 1075AC were 121(90.3%) and 13(9.7%),respectively.But homozygote *3/*3 genotype was not detected.ConclusionThe SYBR Green Ⅰ-based real-time PCR assay is convenient,inexpensive,accurate and will be useful for VKORC1 1173CT and CYP2C9 1075AC genotyping in a clinic laboratory.


For scholars to engender an in-depth and impartial evaluation of a translator,it's necessary to construct a systemized interdisplinary evaluation mode of translators,which includes three parts.The first part is evaluators' obligatory pre-evaluation preparations,specifically,the compiling of interpretations of source texts and translated versions.This is followed by textual and extra-textual analyses of the translated text for evaluation.The second part is the lexical,syntactic and stylistic evaluations of the translated texts.The third part is a probe into the relations between diction and ideology,motivation and style,function and style,and translator and society.


The Kuluketage and Yingjisu sags are two rift basins developed on the Sinian-Cambrian, Kongque River slope and Luobuzhuang salient formed in Late Caledonian-pre-Hercynian due to the uplift of East Tarim. The Tarim plate collided with central Tianshan block and Kazakhstan plate in the pre-Permian, leading to the formation of the Tianshan orogenic belt. The basement of the Tarim Basin uplifted along with the orogenic belt in Late Yenshanian. In the Himalayan period, the thrust fault nappe structure was formed because of lateral spreading of the contracted and uplifted orogenic belt. The evolution of the Basin-Range Coupling not only led to the formation of many hydrocarbon-bearing rocks, but also led to the formation of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic systems of oil and gas accumulation. For the Proterozoic strata napping from north to south, it is indicated that the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic hydrocarbon-bearing rocks were preserved in southwestern Kuluketage Mountain. A breakthrough will be made in prospecting oil and gas in piedmont zones if oil and gas reserves and traps do exist.


Encounter Gossip is a family of message propagation protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks. The coverage of propagation (the fraction of nodes that receive the message) can be made arbitrarily close to 1 at the cost of increased bandwidth overhead. This paper proposes several schemes to minimize this overhead without compromising the achieved coverage. The schemes can be timer based or history based. Their effectiveness is assessed through simulations performed in the context of two mobility models.


The present invention is in the field of food or pharmaceutics, to a skin and soft capsules chewing chewing soft capsules. In particular, transdermal chewing the soft capsule of the present invention comprises: 10% -50% of gelatin, water retention agent, 10% -40%, 2% -20% thickening agent, 6-20% water, and the soft capsule skin thickness of 0.3-1.2mm. The present invention further relates to a sandwich gel candy, and chewing the soft capsule preparation or gel sandwich soft candy. Good soft capsule of the present invention, transdermal and chewing stability. In addition, good stability and chewing chewing candy soft gel capsule, or a sandwich of the present invention and a sandwich filling content increases, the eccentric is not prone to leakage problems heart, easier stable ribosomes.


Tis article applies to private propoerty against the public interest. According to civil law, the owner of a thing can hold and dispose of it with the limitations and conditions established by law. The property can not be occupied against the will of its owner, but because of public use and compensation. The notion of "original property" state, is the precedent that legitimized its own action, to "impose on private property such issued by the public interest", as stated this third paragraph of Article 27 of the Constitution. If certain natural areas acquiered by individuals, are seen as an ecological reserve on the land use plan, owners can not change the vocation of his own accord such sites as their right is not unrestricted. The hill of "La Bufa" of Guanajuato as a ntural monument that is, must be protected by one or several declarations, which preserve the devastation.


It discloses a six or more lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria mixture of bacterial species for use in bakery and medical fields. The preferred mixture Streptococcus spent a brush Ruth, Bifidobacterium Infante Tees, Bifidobacterium ronggeom, Bifidobacterium breve, try Lactobacillus liquid Phil Ruth, Lactobacillus Planta room, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus del Brewer ekki includes sub Spanish sheath kusu Bulgaria. The mixture is sourdough, it is useful in the fermented composition. It discloses a bakery acids and other food obtained from the. These products are manufactured in no gluten content is low, or for Chapter pediatric fat incorporated into a meal of a patient suffering from a dialectic, or reduce the risk of allergies due to wheat albumin and globulin, or the treatment of mental disruptive symptoms, or dietary products the suitable. Lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, sourdough fermentation, Bakery


ABSTRACT Shortening of the rostrum in Aristeus antennatus in the Mediterranean Sea was studied by analyzing the relationship between rostral length and carapace length, taking the following factors into account: sexual maturity, time of year, size at first maturity, molt periods, and secondary sex characters (petasma and thelycum). Males of Aristeus antennatus exhibit marked shortening of the rostrum, which is long in juveniles and extremely short in adults. Shortening of the rostrum in males occurred at a definite time of year, between February and April of the first year of life in which sexual maturity is attained. Rostral shortening is not directly related to maturation. For this reason mature males with long, intermediate, and short rostra may coexist prior to the season of shortening. After the season of rostral shortening, all mature males present short rostra. Small males and females of all sizes display long rostra. Rostral allometry is positive in females over their entire life span. The role of rostral shortening in the general behavioral pattern of this species is discussed.


2 groups of patients of different age with varus deformity of lower extremities bones (19 patients with phosphate-diabetes (PD) and 36 patients without this disease) were examined. Control group consisted of 50 healthy female coevals. Patients with PD had. lag in lengthwise body growth, decrease of contractive ability of extremities' muscles, decrease of speed and power characteristics of locomotions, decrease of availability. Patients with,deformations of bones but without PD had. decrease of shin muscle power, weakening of balance function of a foot and. decrease of load, on foot segments while walking.


The work is concerned with plans of transport services. It is focused on fulfillment of legislative requirements of the Plan of transport services for an area of South Bohemia region. It contents proposal for modification of the Plan of transport services for an area of South Bohemia region, which should be used as an inspiration during processing an oncoming Plan.


According to the in situ measured data on 32 sampling sites in Lake Chaohu in June 2009,the spectral characteristics of diffuse attenuation coefficient(Kd),dominant factors,spatial distribution,as well as the relationship between Kd and Kd(490) in 400700nm bands were analyzed.On the basis of these analysis,remote sensing inversion model was developed to calculate Kd(490).The results indicate that Kd presented the consistent spectral characteristics.The Kd in 400600nm showed a exponential decay trend,but Kd from 600nm to 700nm didn't correlate with wavelength.Due to the higher concentration of phytoplankton in some locations,peak values of Kd appeared at 675nm;but Kd showed a feature that was similar to that of pure water in 700900nm.The dominant factor of diffuse attenuation coefficient was inorganic particles in Lake Chaohu,organic particles took the second place,and CDOM held a minimal impact.In general,Kd(490) in the eastern part of the Lake Chaohu was higher than that in the western part.In the central part,the contour lines of Kd(490) were denser than those in other parts of the lake.Kd(490) was inversed by multivariate linear regression model established with Rrs(591),Rrs(702) and Rrs(842).And the average relative error between measured and inversed Kd(490) was 7.85%.At the same time,the relationship between Kd(λ,λ≠490nm) and Kd(490) could be parameterized with wavelength by linear formula in 400550nm.From 550nm to 700nm Kd(λ,λ≠490nm) was obtained from multiplying Kd(490) by a constant.The relative error between the observed Kd and the Kd(λ),which was calculated by Kd(490) by inversing of the Rrs,was 6.14%.


Model of Digital Literacy Development for Youths in Bangkok aims to develop digital literacy for youths in Bangkok by manipulating Research and Development with following research tools: 1) a 5-level-rating scale, which collected data from 1,500 participants in the related sample. The result of research shows that the group of samples had medium level of digital literacy and the most answer from them is that students used these ICT devices to play online games with the mean 4.86, while the least answer from them is that students had fundamental knowledge about legality and security of internet usage with the mean 1.20. 2) Evaluation Form for Model Suitability, which collected data from 18 experts with the mean between 4.52-5.00 that showing this model is the most suitable. For the tool of Qualitative research is the record of group discussion, that collected data from 8 related main informants and the conclusion is that overall of model is good, suitable and possible in practice. It can be applied with complete model and no need to be adjusted. Article visualizations:


Protoperidinium spp. are heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the world ocean. Although most Protoperidinium species are known to feed on diatoms and bacteria, several species feed on red tide dinoflagellate. The samples were collected from 17 locations in the neritic areas of Korea from 1990 to 2010. In the thecate dinoflagellates, the thecal plate pattern has been considered to be important criteria in their classifications. Thecate dinoflagellates with distinct epitheca and hypotheca separated by a girdle which is usually equatorial and may or may not be displaced with or without overhang. Due to this fact the shape of the theca and the arrangement of the theca were studied. The shape of first apical plate is considered an important factor. To identify the genus Protoperidinium, the shape of the first apical plate and the second anterior intercalary plate were used. Depending the shape of first apical plate, will be designated as meta(4), meta(5), para(4), para(5) or para(6). From this point of view, the genus Protoperidinium as a group of planktonic protist in the coastal area was classified.


The ribosome inactivating proteins is a cytotoric proteins that inactivates eukaryotic ribosome by enzymatically clearing off the N-glucosidie bond of a adenine residure(A 4324).It found in some medical plants and seed of gourds melons.In this article,the progress on studies of the extraction,isolation and purification,chemical structure analysis,determination of bioactivity of RIPs and its application in anti-HIV and anti-cancer are reviewed.


Contaminants in wastewater influenced oxygen transfer in aeration process greatly. The effects of different typical contaminants on oxygen transfer in microbubble aeration were investigated and compared with traditional bubble aeration, including surfactant SDBS, soybean oil, phenol and nitrobenzene as well as kaolin. The results indicated that these contaminants showed different effect on oxygen transfer in microbubble aeration, compared with traditional bubble aeration. The negative effect of both soluble organic contaminants and suspended solid in traditional bubble aeration seemed to be counteracted in microbubble aeration. The range of KLa values were 7.44~11.56 h-1 and the range of α-factors were 0.77~1.20 under all test conditions, larger than these in traditional bubble aeration. In addition, both KLa values and α-factors increased along with an increasing of concentration for soluble organic contaminants, whereas the maximum KLa value and α-factor existed for suspended solid kaolin with concentration of 100 mg/L. The gas holdup and average bubble retention time in microbubble aeration containing these contaminants increased, compared with these in clean water. So the improvement of microbubble generation and stability in presence of these contaminants should be responsible for oxygen transfer enhancement probably.


A nonlinear mathematical model of a three-link robot-manipulator based on a mathematical model of a three-link spherical pendulum with additional restrictions on the angular displacements of the links is considered. The control is formed according to the nonlinearity compensation method by using one of the coordinated control methods and is modeled in the context of a digital control system. The simulation results show the adequacy of the considered digital control system for a three-link spherical pendulum.

Keywords
digital control system, coordinated control, spherical pendulum, nonlinear system, nonlinearity compensation method, mathematical model


The type of neurotransmitters released from neural plexuses in the gallbladder was investigated using transmural electrical field stimulation (EFS). EFS produced a frequency and intensity-dependent contraction whose main component was neurogenic since treatment with tetrodotoxin (TTX) reduced the response to 18.92 ± 6.06 % compared to the response in the absence of TTX. In order to elucidate the mechanism involved in the EFS-induced contraction we studied the effects of several neurotransmitter antagonists on this response. The presence of atropine (10 -9 M - 10 -6 M) reduced contractions in a concentration-dependent fashion, but atropine was unable to abolish the EFS-induced contractions. Treatment with guanethidine also decreased the response to EFS (28.48 ± 5.40 % compared to control) whereas the b-blocking agent propranolol (10 -6 M) induced increases in the measured response. Loxiglumide was able to reduce the contractile response in a concentration-dependent manner and addition of increasing concentrations L-NAME, to the bath resulted in a enhancement of the EFS-response. The data clearly demonstrated that EFS induces a contractile gallbladder response which is the result of stimulation of cholinergic, adrenergic, CCK-ergic and nitrergic fibers.


A method is described for performing non-contact optical gaging of complex parts in a production environment. The operational concept of the system, known as Gaging by Remote Image Tracking, relies upon an optical triangulation technique. A spot of light is projected from a gage head onto the surface of the part being gaged., an image of this spot is focused on the center of a tracking photodetector, mounted within the gage head. If the part is translated in a direction perpendicular to the projection axis, the focus spot on the surface of the photodetector will move as the surface curvature of the part changes. As a result of this movement, voltage signals are generated which provide: 1) a measure of the spot displacement on the photo-detector, and 2) a signal for driving the optical head in a direction which recenters the image spot on the photodetector. The first signal, with appropriate scaling, provides virtually an instantaneous measure of the dimensional change of the part. The second signal is used to drive the system to a known distance from the part (system null). By monitoring the motion of the entire system with a linear encoder and adding this measurement to the instantaneous measure of surface curvature, the result is a fast, non-contact optical gaging system with large dynamic range.


Currently, in the thermoplastic injection industry, there are several processes allowing heat cycling within the mould. Although they have their own characteristics, their purpose is the same. There are many advantages to be taken into consideration whilst injecting hot thermoplastic onto a heated tool, such as:no welding lines, no sink marks, no paint necessary and the possibility to easily inject engineered materials. Instead of using the conventional process to inject thermoplastic, where the mould is thermoregulated at a temperature T < Tg (glass transition)or HDT (heat dis-tortion temperature),the tool can be heated quickly at a higher temperature(superior to Tg or HDT )according to the nature of the polymer, just before the plastic material is injected at its fusion temperature. Then, the plastic material is quickly cooled down(Table1). Controlling the temperature during the injection phase allows to replicate the surface of the tool and to improve the final gloss level for polished areas and the texture for the grained areas. In the same due to high temperature it is easier to control and moulding pressure and completely overcome marks and the weld line effect(Fig.1). the to be able to maintain an efficient cooling as a competitive cycle time.


Voice disguise can potentially occur in every recording that is associated with an offence. One possible manner is the use of voice disguise by adopting a foreign accent. The aim of the presented study was to examine how well native German speakers could produce a foreign accent (French) and in particular to describe the accent's main features. A further aim was to observe how consistently these features could be maintained over a long period of time. The results of auditory, acoustic and linguistic (non-phonetic) analyses were that speakers are able to use several forms of variations during voice disguise by using a foreign accent. The variations were mostly articulatory, but half of the speakers varied pitch as well. There was less variation in non-phonetic features as had been expected. The varied features partially matched with those which would be expected from French natives speaking German, but speakers were generally unable to perform consistently.


The number of publications on bat flies of Malaysia suggests that this group of parasitic dipterans is understudied. From April 2011 to September 2013, we surveyed 10 localities from seven states in Malaysia with the main objective to compile a checklist of bat flies. As a result, a total of 15 species of bat flies were recorded from 24 species of hosts. Our surveys indicated that there is a correlation between the number of bat species and the number of bat flies species recorded due to the host specific nature of bat flies.


Component-based software development is increasingly more commonplace and is widely used in the development of commercial software systems. This has led to the existence of several research works focusing on software component-based systems quality. The majority of this research proposes quality models focused on component-based systems in which different measures are proposed. In general, the result of assessing the measures is a number, which is necessary to determine the component-based system quality level. However, understanding and interpreting the data set is not an easy task. In order to facilitate the interpretation of results, this study selects and adapts a specific visual metaphor with which to show component-based systems quality. A tool has additionally been developed which permits the automatic assessment of the measures to be carried out. The tool also shows the results visually and proposes corrective actions through which to improve the level of quality. A case study is used to assess and to show the quality of a real-world component-based software system in a graphic manner.


Introduction Depression and anxiety are common. Rates are significantly higher in cystic fibrosis (CF), and impact health outcomes. Screening is recommended, but is difficult to implement/sustain annually in a busy CF centre. The aim was to develop an acceptable model for depression and anxiety screening in adolescents/adults with CF and their caregivers that could be sustained and shared. Methods Quality improvement methodology with plan-do-study-act cycles, flow diagrams, review of data monthly with our designated 'Mental Health Team' and caregiver satisfaction surveys, were used to begin screening in clinics and to improve the process. We then piloted our process at a larger paediatric CF centre. Results Prior to 2013, screening was not performed at our CF centre. After the first quarter of depression screening, 88% of adolescents and 69% of adults with CF were screened. The process was refined. By the second year, 99% of patients were screened. Anxiety screening began in year three; 97%–99% of patients were screened for both anxiety and depression in years 3–5. Annual caregiver screening rates were >95%. Screening was changed from Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) to PHQ-9 due to better sensitivity in caregivers, and expanded to patients. Anxiety screening began in year 3 with the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire. Patients and caregivers reported acceptance of screening. At the larger paediatric centre used as a pilot, 89.6% of patients were screened in year 1. Feedback included recommendations to improve tracking/follow-up of positive screens. Conclusions Development and implementation of a stepwise process for depression and anxiety screening was successful in a paediatric/adult CF clinic, due to constant re-evaluation by an engaged team with feedback from patients via survey. A systematic approach at a busy CF centre can serve as a model to implement screening in a clinic.


The lack of long-term stability baffled the popularity of OCT(optical current transformer) in power system application.A novel compensation method called comparative OCT(COCT) was proposed here.It compensated masterly both linear birefringence and Verdet constant, which affected the stability of OCT mainly, by combing optical measurement and comparing measurement.A new dual-input and dual-output demodulating scheme which could reduce the damage to OCT accuracy caused by the drift of light intensity or circuit gain was designed.The OCS(optical current sensor) structure and signal processing unit were respectively designed.Test results show the linearity of COCT is better than IEC 0.2 class limit, and is suitable to the applications, in which the voltages are higher than 220 kV, the COCT accuracy is almost not affected by the existence of neighbor phases.The temperature test result tells in the temperature range of 50 ℃ the error of COCT is less than 1%, much better than an uncompensated one 16%.And thus the effectiveness of COCT is verified.


Objective To evaluate the clinical value of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS=OCT) on measuring the biometric structures of anterior segments of eyes in normal subjects.Methods One hundred and five eyes of 105 normal subjects were enrolled,whose biometric structures of anterior segments were measured using AS-OCT.The measuring items included central cornea thickness(CCT).anterior chamber depth (ACD),lens thickness (LT) and anterior chamber horizontal diameter(ACHD). The differences of biometric structures of anterior segments between genders were compared.The effect of age on the biometric structures of anterior segments was analyzed using linear correlation and regression.Results The mean value of CCT,ACD,LT and ACHD were(525.16±30.58)μm,(2.97±0.32)mm,(4.21±0.43) mm and(11.68±0.35)mm.respectively.The mean ACD of females was(2.87±0.33)mm,which was significantly shallower than that of males(3.07±0.29)mm (P=0.001).The CCT was (525.32±31.21)μm in females and(525.00±30.23)μm in males(P=0.957),LT was(4.26±0.42)mm in females and(4.16±0.43)mm in males(P=0.250),and ACHD was(11.64±0.32)mm in females and(1.73±0.38)mm in males(P=0.217),which showed no significant difference between genders.Age had no significant effect on CCT(r=-0.067,P=0.514)and ACHD(r=-0.137,P=0.179).There were significant negative correlation between age and ACD (r=-0.570,P=0.000),and positive relationship between age and LT(r=-0.806,P=0.000).The analysis showed decreases of ACD with age by 10(m per year,and the increase of LT with age by 19(m per year,respectively.Conclusion CCT,ACD,LT and ACHD of normal subjects can be measured quantitatively and accurately by AS-OCT. The biometric structures of anterior segments of females were shallower than that of males.With age,ACD become shallower,while LT increase in normal subjects.

Key words:
Optical Coherence Tomography/Anterior Segment; Central Corneal Thickness; Anterior Chamber Depth; Lens Thickness; Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma


OBJECTIVE
Preliminary data brought licensing authorities to alert clinicians of an increased venous thrombotic risk associated to the use of JAK inhibitors (JAKi). We performed a systematic review to estimate the risk of venous and arterial thrombosis associated to JAKi for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs).

METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on JAKi in patients with IMIDs were identified by the MEDLINE and EMBASE database until October 2021. Risk of bias was assessed according to Cochrane criteria. The beta-binomial modelwas applied to calculate pooled OR and corresponding 95% CI. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022324143.

RESULTS
We have included 1 phase I, 21 phase II, 3 phase II-III and 36 phase III RCTs for a total of 19443 patients in the JAKi group and 6354 in the control group. Thirty-one (unweighted rate 0.16%, 95% CI 0.10-0.21) events were reported in the JAKi group and 20 (unweighted rate 0.22%, 95% CI 0.12-0.32) in the control group in a mean follow-up of 16.8 weeks. IMIDs patients treated with JAKi did not have an increased thromboembolic risk compared with those treated with placebo (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.43 - 1.56]). No statistically different results were seen in sub-analyses for each investigated IMIDs, drug and dosage.

CONCLUSION
JAKi do not increase thromboembolic risk compared with placebo in IMIDs patients enrolled in selected RCTs.


This paper introduces the structure of GPS time synchronization system, analyzes the requirements of time setting for automatic equipments in 330 kV substations and the application of the GPS.Based on a typical project of the 330 kV substations,the paper proposes an optimization design scheme for the time synchronization system in the 330 kV substations, and gives a prospect of the time synchronization system in substation.


The paper presents a view on the application and the potential of formal methods in the design and operation of processing systems. Based on the life cycle model for process plants, four di erent tasks are identi ed as current or possible application elds for formal methods: safety analysis of the plant instrumentation, design and analysis of discrete controllers, generation and analysis of control recipes for batch processes, and event based fault diagnosis. For each of these tasks, the current practice in industry and the state of the academic research are reviewed and the discrepancy between both is discussed.


Summary Morphological, biochemical and serological observations suggested that no close relationship existed between C. kutscheri and its alleged avirulent variant isolated from mice at the Rockefeller University. However, both capillary and double diffusion precipitin reactions showed the alleged variant to be a streptococcus of group N, indistinguishable from that previously isolated from Rockefeller University mice.


ABSTRACT Schools and textbooks are significant mediums for the transmission of political ideas. Textbooks therefore reflect the ideology of the day whilst imparting values, goals, and myths to younger generations. This article provides an insight into the nexus between politics, the state, the social contract, and school textbooks in India. It critically highlights the ways in which the discourses of political parties of the (national) Self and Other are invoked and reflected in school textbooks underpinning the parties' versions of national identity and transmit their wider political messages, with devastating results on the debates about Indian citizenship. There is a clear link between changing political parties at the helm of national and state governments and which school textbooks are in use. The article reviews the textbook politics between 1998 and 2020, focusing in particular on how the present BJP-led government has appointed Hindutva-minded scholars to lead education institutions underpinning the message of India being a Hindu nation. The right wing RSS has been allowed by the Narendra Modi government to influence the formulation of the National Education Policy 2020 as well as suggesting changes to textbooks to push the national discourse of citizenship defined by Hindutva at the Union and State levels. The article adds, theoretically and substantively, to the specific link between education and the current issues of Indian citizenship as the government tries to change the values of India's constitution. Not many in this generation of Indians think this is abnormal, as this reflects what they have learnt at school and historically been used to shape the hostile mind-set of new generations vis-à-vis their neighbors, and other religious communities. The article evaluates how over the last two decades textbooks of the National Council for Education Research and Training (NCERT) interpret government policy objectives and guidelines to depict Indian national identity, internal ethnic and cultural diversity, and citizenship.


Guinea pig thyroid lobes were frozen at –3 to – 5 C for 15 min, thawed, and incubated at 37 C with I131 iodide. Compared with control glands, kept at 2 C before incubation, there was less incorporation into thyroglobulin and a lower ratio of I131 DIT/MIT. Supercooling to – 8 C or freezing in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide resulted in a normal pattern of iodination. The iodide-concentrating ability of pre-frozen tissue was only slightly lower than that of controls. Histologic studies indicated accelerated autolysis of colloid during incubation of pre-frozen tissue. The findings suggest that damage to specific cell structures by ice crystals leads to the observed defects in iodination.


We demonstrate the first use of smartphone spectrophotometry for readout of fluorescence-based biological assays. We evaluated the smartphone fluorimeter in the context of a fluorescent molecular beacon (MB) assay for detection of a specific nucleic acid sequences in a liquid test sample. The capability of distinguishing a one-point mismatch is also demonstrated by detecting single-base mutation in target nucleic acids. Our approach offers a route towards portable biomolecular assays for viral/bacterial pathogens, disease biomarkers, and toxins.


Thoracic surgery in the UK is evolving from a subspecialty within cardiothoracic surgery to a dedicated specialty. Douglas West and Carol Tan explain


Abstract Objectives This study aims to describe the acceptability, usability, and feasibility testing of the iCANPlate smartphone application, an innovative app that resembles the 2019 Canada's Food Guide (CFG), at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia. Methods In Part 1, the acceptability and usability of iCANPlate will be explored using a mixed-method approach. Included participants will be healthy adults (n = 10) from all over Canada with lower levels of health literacy and with the intention of changing their eating behaviours. The eligible participants will be using the app for three weeks and will be surveyed using Technology Acceptance Model-3 (TAM-3), System Usability Scale (SUS), and semi-structured interviews. In part 2, a 6-week feasibility trial will be conducted using iCANPlate versus a standard traditional dietary self-monitoring app (Cronometer Software Inc. Canada) to establish feasibility markers in data collection. Participants (n = 80) will be randomized to the intervention (iCANPlate group) and the control group (Cronometer group) in a 1:1 ratio. Participants will be included based on the same inclusion criteria in Part 1 and will be asked to record their food and beverages intakes for 6 weeks. We will also compare the efficacy of using the iCANPlate and Cronometer using the following measures: User version Mobile Application Rating Scale; SUS; TAM-3; Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019; Healthy Eating and Weight Self-Efficacy. Quantitative data will be analysed using descriptive statistics and paired t-test and qualitative data will be analysed using thematic analysis with a deductive approach. Results N/A Conclusions This study will develop and test the iCANPlate aimed to improve adherence to dietary self-monitoring in healthy adults. The results of Part 1 of the study will be used to further refine the iCANPlate before it is launched in the second part. This study will allow us to determine the iCANPlate's usefulness, feasibility, and acceptability for dietary self-monitoring in adults with lower levels of health literacy. Funding Sources Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).


The problem set for this paper is to outline a program of research which focuses upon an assumed continuity between early childhood conditions and those consequent social behaviors of children which typically have been labeled "emotional dependence." In particular, emphasis is placed upon behaviors which are employed apparently to gain such positive social responses from other persons as those involving attention, approval, affection, reassurance, and nearness, and upon the early conditions under which they develop. While it is probable that knowledge of the processes underlying emotional dependence will be critical to the understanding of a substantial portion of the social behavior of children and adults, very little is known either about the dimensionality or the antecedents of that behavior class. The principal focus of this paper is upon child behavior; however, the major problems raised may be considered a subclass of general behavior problems and hence continuous with questions characteristically raised about adaptive behaviors exhibited in simple settings both by infrahumans and humans. Since the theories of social development which do not have their origins in such basic considerations of learning appear to approach the earliest conditions for the development of dependence in a less articulate manner, selected descriptive concepts and postulates which stem from work on general behavior problems are emphasized in this paper. Relatively little emphasis is placed upon concepts at other than simple levels of analysis (e.g., personality characteristics of the mother, her acceptance of the child, social class membership), which appear to be employed in many theories and researches on children's dependence, and index conditions which would qualify early dependence learning. However, it is expected that the reader will bring to mind such concepts, theories and research findings as they are required. A systematic ordering scheme would appear requisite to any research program of intended generality and significance. It is preferable that such 1 The writer is grateful to Mr. D. M. Baer for his valuable aid in the preparation of this paper.


Investigation on the use of groundwater storage for drinking water in the dune area near Leiden, Netherlands. Optimization of the ratio of infiltration and extraction of drinking water


The clutch is an integral of the automotive transmission system,where as friction disk,a major part of the clutch,impacts significantly on clutch performance.In order to improve its performance,a finite element technology was employed for friction disk coupling heat stress.Based on the established physical model of heat conduction in engaging process of clutch,the finite elements were analyzed to acquire the temperature distribution and heat distribution of friction disk under thermal loads.The experimental results show that it is significant for the design and use of clutch.


Since the mid-1980's a growing body of leadership research has focused on strategic leadership, in contrast to managerial and visionary leadership. It focused on how top leadership makes decisions in the short term that guarantees the long-term viability of the organisation. The best performing organisations are consciously strategic in their leadership planning. These top leaders also have the ability to align human resources in an effective way directly to the business strategy. This article proposes a model towards the effective implementation of strategic leadership processes which can help business and organisational leaders with the successful implementation of high performance strategic leadership practices. This research also pinpointed theoretical and substantively meaningful endogeneous organisational capabilities that mediated this relationship and exogenous organisational factors that moderated this relationship.


 A targeted treatment for the recurrence of Crohn's Disease ................................................................................................................ The opportunity Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation in the lining of the digestive tract. This inflammation causes abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and can lead to life-threatening complications such as intestinal blockages, ulcers in the intestine, and malabsorption of nutrients. The prevalence of Crohn's in the US is 199 cases per 100,000 persons.1


This photo-essay focuses on the everyday spaces of Hong Kong. In particular it views an alternative landscape of Hong Kong peopled by poor who seek to make-do and get on with few resources. The focus is on hawking and market space. The photo-essay seeks to reveal the vibrancy in spaces that are not dominated by neoliberal idologies. In doing so, it also seeks to illustrate the violence that is done to urban space and to the poor in particular when neoliberal ideologies are given full reign.


In order to reduce severe poverty, financial assistance considered as an important criteria towards reaching people under distress. Absence of adequate formal banking services, introduced microfinance an alternative way with a combination of microcredit, micro savings, micro insurance and remittance in India after post banking reforms period. Self Help Group Bank Linkage Programme (SHG-BLP) model considered as the most popular delivery channel compared to other models in microfinance. Women participation among most of the SHGs developed a special significance both in savings accumulation, borrowings and refund with successful operational activities. This paper made an attempt regarding region wise and agency wise performance of SHG-BLP with an interesting picture to analyse the recent trends of the programme under a selected time period. Involvement of Swarnajayanti Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY) catalyzed the programme with its own features. This paper is designed with the help of secondary published data to evaluate the recent trends and status of SHG-BLP in India with the development of Self-employment and income stability among the weaker sections of the society.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the effects of the water-drinking test (WDT) with the 30° inverted body position test on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal patients, suspected glaucoma patients and glaucoma patients. Materials and methods: Based on clinical evaluation of the optic disk, IOP, and standard achromatic perimetry (SAP) of 71 eyes, 18 were "normal" (normal SAP and optic disk evaluation, and IOP < 21 mm Hg), 30 were "glaucoma suspect" (GS; normal SAP, cup/disk (C/D) ratio > 0.5 or asymmetry > 0.2 and/or ocular hypertension), and 31 had "early glaucoma" (MD < -6 dB, glaucomatous optic neuropathy). Standard achromatic perimetry was performed with the Octopus 3.1.1 Dynamic 24-2 program. Patients fasted before the WDT, and four measurements were performed at basal, 15', 30, and 45' after drinking 1 liter of water (WDT) in 5 minutes. In the 30° inverted position, IOP measurement with Perkins applanation tonometer was taken after 5 minutes lying down. Results: There was a statistical difference in all groups between the basal IOP and peak IOP during the WDT (p < 0.001) and in the inverted position IOP (p < 0.001). Controls (p = 0.50), suspects (p = 0.41) and glaucoma patients (p = 1.0) did not exhibit a difference between WDT-IOP and inverted position IOP. Conclusion: The 30° inverted position test was as efficient as WDT in detecting peak IOP. This new provocative test is easier, faster and more comfortable for both patients and doctors. How to cite this article: Kanadani FN, Moreira TCA, Campos LF, Vianello MP, Corradi J, Dorairaj SK, Freitas ALA, Ritch R. A New Provocative Test for Glaucoma. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2016;10(1): 1-3.


ABSTRACT A low coherence ("white light") interferometric approach to the measurement ofvibration using a fibre opticprobe to interrogate the vibrating surface is described. The recovery interferometer is a novel adaptation of a Michelson interferometer which provides two independent outputs, the relative phase of which may be controlled. Controlling this phase difference to be it/2 allows the direction of motion of the vibrating surfaceto be deduced. 1 INTRODUCTION Laser interferometry as a tool for measuring vibrations is an attractive proposition. It has a high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, wide frequency range and is a non-contact ec' However, the inclusion of the vibrating surface within an interferometric arrangement is not always easy or possible. An obvious solutionappears to be the use of fibre optics to carry the interrogating light to and from the vibrating surface, butreflections from the fibre:air boundaries give rise to unwanted interference signals which can produce errors.Current solutions to this problem are difficult to implement.2 Conventional interferometric vibrometers arealso only capable of determining the amplitude of particular frequency components that may be present. Thus,


Given a set π of odd primes and a π‐solvable finite group G, one can choose three (not necessarily distinct) Hall π‐subgroups of G whose intersection is Oπ(G). This statement relies on a result concerning long orbits in coprime actions of groups of odd order. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 20D20.


The 8;21 translocation occurs in approximately 8% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. This chromosomal lesion results in the fusion of the AML1 (RUNX1) gene on chromosome 21 to the ETO (MTG8) gene on chromosome 8 and generates the AML1-ETO fusion protein. We identified a truncated form of AML1-ETO which lacks approximately 200 amino acids at the C-terminus of full length AML1-ETO and strongly induces leukemia development (Yan et al, PNAS 101(49): 17186–91, 2004). This protein is almost identical to a natural splice form of AML1-ETO designated AML1-ETO9a, which is expressed in t(8;21) patients. To study the leukemogenic properties of the truncated form of AML1-ETO (AEtr), we examined cell cycle profiles to compare it to full length AML1-ETO. In contrast to full length AML1-ETO which induced growth arrest of K562 cells, AEtr did not inhibit cell proliferation. Interestingly, AEtr expressing cells continued to proliferate in the presence of microtubule toxins that normally activate the spindle checkpoint and arrest cells in prometaphase of mitosis. Evaluation of critical components of the spindle checkpoint revealed a significant decrease in BubR1 protein in AEtr cells compared to vector control cells. BubR1 is a potent inhibitor of the anaphase promoting complex and reduction of BubR1 by either siRNA approaches or gene deletion in mice results in aneuploidy. Cytogenetic analyses of leukemic splenocytes from mice transplanted with AEtr cells identified multiple chromosomal abnormalities, including chromosome loss and gain as well as translocations. Observations of chromosomal alterations in t(8;21) patients have been well documented and include loss of either sex chromosome in 70% of patients, deletions of chromosome 9, and trisomy 8. These results indicate that inactivation of the spindle checkpoint through BubR1 reduction may be an important event in the development of t(8;21) leukemias.


Abstract OBJECTIVES: To identify macrophage-independent sources of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) production during monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal-induced inflammation and determine how TGF-β1 alters MSU crystal-recruited neutrophil functions. METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with MSU crystals ± neutralizing TGF-β1 antibody. MSU crystal-recruited peritoneal and blood neutrophils were purified and cultured ex vivowith the caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh,anti-TGF-β1 antibody or fluorescently labeled apoptotic neutrophils. Neutrophils were analysed for AnnexinV, caspase-3, and TGF-β1 expression by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy, superoxide production using the redox sensitive dye WST-1, and TGF-β1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β? production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: At 18 hours post MSU crystal administration in vivo, TGF-β1 levels were elevated in peritoneal lavage fluids and a significant number of peritoneal neutrophils were TGF-β1(+) . Purified blood orperitoneal neutrophils cultured ex vivoshowedTGF-β1(+) neutrophils co-expressing the apoptosis marker caspase-3 and increased TGF-β1 production both of which dropped following inhibition of apoptosis.Co-incubation of fluorescently labeled apoptotic neutrophils andlive neutrophils showed greatest TGF-β1 expression in double positive cells.Superoxide production by purified MSU crystal-recruited neutrophils ex vivo was enhanced by anti-TGF-β1 antibody treatment. Neutrophils purified from the peritoneum of MSU crystal-challenged mice treated with anti-TGF-β1 antibody producedelevated levels of superoxide but neutrophil IL-1β production was unaffected. CONCLUSION: Neutrophil cannibalism and TGF-β1 production has the potential to make a significant contribution towards controlled resolution of neutrophil-driven inflammatory diseases such as gout. © 2012 American College of Rheumatology.


Stevioside is a diterpene glycoside present in Stevia Rebaudiana leaves that has the ability to sweeten at rated between 70 to 350 times than sucrose (0.4% w/v). It has no calorific value. Unlike many low calorie sweeteners, stevioside is stable at high temperature. The objective of this research is to extract stevioside from stevia rebaudiana leaves by using cellulase from Aspergillus Niger. Acetate buffer and ethanol were used as a medium for enzyme and as a solvent, respectively. In this present study, the enzymatic extraction of stevioside from stevia rebaudiana leaves was carried out using cellulase with various parameters that affect the production of stevioside such as concentration of enzyme, incubation time and temperature. Cellulase was observed to give the highest stevioside yield (16230 ± 0.3 μg/ml) at 40oC. This indicated that the maximum temperature for cellulase activity was 40oC. The results signify that the enzymatic extraction method is an alternative to solvent based stevioside extraction, based on its higher efficiency. Thus, it can be concluded that the extraction of stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana leaves using cellulase can be maximized under the maximum conditions for the cellulase activity where the used of solvent can be minimized in degrading the cell wall Together with the maximum heat and correct combination of the solvent used, a new and efficient way of extracting high yield of stevioside can be obtained.


Physcion is one of the important active ingredients of ethanol extract from the roots of Chinese rhubarb (Rheum officinale) for controlling powdery mildew. A histological investigation indicated that this compound affected Blumeria graminis in vivo by inhibiting the germination of conidia, by increasing the rate of appressorium deformation before the pathogen infected the cells of wheat (Triticum aestivum), and by reducing the length of haustoria and the number of secondary haustoria after infection.


The macrocyclic polyether trithiol (c-L(SH) 3 ) was synthesized in five steps from resorcinol. The cyclic structures of the tris (1,3-phenylene) crown ether and protected trithiol intermediates were demonstrated by X-ray methods. Compound (C 26 H 28 O 6 ) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /c


PAGE 1 Extension of Honey Bee Pest and Disease Innovations to Canadian Beekeepers Amanda Lenhardt, Ph.D. Candidate, University of British Columbia Issue Canadian honey bee producers continue to face a number of biological, environmental and e c o n o m i c b a r r i e r s wh e n attempting to meet the demands for pollination of essential food crops and to produce honey in a sustainable fashion. Although no single cause has been directly a s s o c i a t e d w i t h o n g o i n g decreases in the honey bee population and increasing trends in bee mortality, honey bee diseases such as American Foulbrood, and parasites, notably the Varroa destructor, have shown to be among the most significant contributing factors. A number of chemical, organic, and integrated pest management t rea tmen t s a re cu r ren t l y undergoing research, testing and application, however effective coordination of these efforts has been slow to emerge. Adoption of effective innovations by C a n a d i a n b e e k e e p e r s i s necessary to ensure that the h o n ey b e e i n d u s t r y c a n maintain a sustainable honey bee population.


In the study of chemical kinetics and chemical equ ilibria, a knowledge of the thermodynamic functions is of great importance. The direct experimental measurement of these quantities is usually tedious and may not be reli able. McCullough et al.' studied the vibrati onal spectra of pyridine molecule alongwith the calcul ation of stati stical thermodynamic functions. The interpreted fundamental vibrational frequenc ies of 2and 4phenyl pyridine as g iven by Isaq et al ., have been utili sed to calculate the various thermodynamic functions in the temperature range 100-1500 K at one atmospheric pressure under the usual approximation of molecules being ri gid rotators, harmonic oscill ator mode l. The thermodynamic functi ons of the molecules under investigation , which have not been reported so far, are computed by using IBM-PC/AT computer.


The approach of "open innovation" is considered, which is based on co-creation, which stimulates creativity, reduces risks, as a result of which there is an acceleration of innovation. State stimulation of innovative development based on the "open innovation" approach consists in the regulation of "market failures" associated with information asymmetry regarding the awareness of the benefits of "open innovation", limited information about the capabilities and reliability of potential partners.


Over 90% of all criminal matters in England and Wales are dealt with in the magistrates' courts. This chapter focuses on how magistrates make sentencing decisions, from guidance through to process and outcome. It introduces the magistracy and summarises its role in the judicial system. It includes a review of previous empirical work and present novel research assessing how magistrates approach their sentencing task.


TIFFANY NISA ARVIYANI. Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Status, Physical Fitness, and Academic Achievement of SMP N 1 Jati and SMP N 2 Undaan Kudus Students. Supervised by IKEU EKAYANTI and YAYAT HERYATNO. This study aims to analyze the nutrient intake, nutritional status, physical fitness, and academic achievement of SMP N 1 Jati and SMP N 2 Undaan Kudus students. The design used a cross sectional study, sample of this study was 73 students of SMP N 1 Jati and 72 students of SMP N 2 Undaan. There wasn't a correlation between pocket money with energy and nutrient adequacy in urban and rural, except protein adequacy (rs=0.231;p=0.049) in urban. There wasn't a correlation between parental education and parental income with energy and nutrient adequacy in urban and rural, except parental education and vitamin C adequacy (rs=0.253,0.243; p=0.032,0.040) in rural, parental income and vitamin C adequacy (rs=−0.241;p=0.041) in rural. There was a correlation between nutritional status and academic achievement in urban (rs= 0.383;p=0.001), and there was a correlation between learning activities and academic achievement in rural (rs=0.612;p=0.000).


Abstract : The purpose of this thesis was to study the effects of corona discharge on flow past a flat plate at zero incidence. In a previous exploratory investigation into the effects of ionization on the gas in channel flow, interesting results were observed. Pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients were found to double. The velocity profile was distorted. In an attempt to explain the phenomenon, Velkoff hypothesized an induced electric field component in opposition to the flow. An analytical solution for laminar flow with a uniform charge density in the boundary layer was developed by extending the Rossow solution for MHD flows. The corona effect was predicted to retard the flow and thicken the boundary layer. An experimental program was initiated to study this phenomenon by observing changes in the temperature profiles on a flat, uniform temperature plate in forced convection with a Mach- Zender interferometer. A series of tests were run with a constant plate to ambient temperature difference but different free stream velocities and corona currents. At a 62.5 foot per second free stream velocity, a 1000 microns ampere corona current did not effect the flow. At lower velocities, the effects observed were opposite to those predicted. It was found that the boundary layer was turbulent at the 62.5 foot per second test. Also it was noted that 5.9 foot per second test with corona discharge was similar to the 62.5 foot per second test. The body force hypothesized by Velkoff does not appear to describe the corona effect. A possible mechanism that would account for the observed result is that the corona discharge induces an instability in the flow.


Initial current densities under constant voltage anodic oxidation are measured to estimate aluminum oxide film thickness on aluminum. It is shown that the logarithm of initial current density ratio with and without a thin aluminum oxide on aluminum is proportional to the logarithm of the exposure time to dry air. Auger electron spectroscopy measurements show that the surface of aluminum exposed to dry air is covered with a thicker aluminum oxide film than an aluminum surface just after aluminum oxide etching by an aqueous 5% sulfamic acid.


A method is developed for calculating the chemical shifts and spin‐spin coupling constants for a system of three spin‐½ nuclei (ABC) directly from the nuclear resonance spectrum. Trial‐and‐error adjustment of these parameters is avoided entirely, and the values obtained are exactly consistent with the input information. The use of experimental intensities is kept separate from that of experimental frequencies, and the former may be omitted entirely when experimental values of sufficient accuracy are not available. It is shown that previously unknown ambiguities in the assignment of parameters sometimes arise, and that conventional iterative analyses may occasionally lead to the wrong answer. The proton resonance spectra of four compounds containing vinyl groups are discussed as illustrations of the method.


The invention relates to a support assembly (6) for a motor vehicle (1), with an attachment part (3) which is mounted on a vehicle body (2), and with a controllable support device (8) provided between the attachment part (3) and the is the vehicle body (2) interposed, and adapted to set a first support function and in a second higher to the first driving speed range traveling speed range different from the first support function second support function for the add-on part (3) in a first driving speed range. It is envisaged that the support means (8), a sensor device is assigned for detecting vibrations of the attachment part (3), and that the support means (8) has a controllable actuator (10) which is adapted to engage the second supporting function in dependence to generate acting from the detected vibrations to the attachment part (3) counter-vibrations, to compensate for the detected vibrations.


We study the structure of the space of coarse Lipschitz maps between Banach spaces. In particular we introduce the notion of norm attaining coarse Lipschitz maps. We extend to the case of norm attaining coarse Lipschitz equivalences, a result of G. Godefroy on Lipschitz equivalences. This leads us to include the non separable versions of classical results on the stability of the existence of asymptotically uniformly smooth norms under Lipschitz or coarse Lipschitz equivalences.


With insulin resistance there is a decreased production of ammonia in the proximal tubule of the kidney leading to a low urinary PH which results in precipitation of uric acid crystals which form the nidus for the formation of a uric acid kidney stone. Alkalinization of the urine and lowering of the urine uric acid levels can prevent formation of these stones as well as causing dissolution of existing stones. In this report we describe a patient who prior to this intervention had at least 130 events related to kidney stones and who following intervention had no further events. In addition, we describe a retrospective survey of outcomes of this intervention in twelve subjects with multiple kidney stone related events. There was no recurrence of events related to kidney stones in this group. Therefore, alkalinization of the urine and lowering of uric acid content in diabetic patients with a low urine PH is extremely effective in avoiding further kidney stone related events.


Metal-graphite brushes are produced by 10-40% graphite, 0.1-10% lead and the rest copper by powder metallurgy. In this investigation copper-lead-alloy coated graphite powder invented by the author is used instead of employing individual powder. In this coated powder method, the distribution of copper, lead and graphite is uniform and the combination of metal and graphite is tight remarkably as compared with in ordinary method. Therefore, the characteristics of the brush…abrasiveness, cross braking strength, electrical resistivity, wearing etc…show superior results.


The invention discloses quinolines, its preparation method, intermediate, pharmaceutical composition and application.The invention provides a kind of quinolines as shown in Equation 1, its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, metabolite, metabolic precursor thereof or its prodrug.Quinolines of the invention have good inhibition to EGFR-TK C Met, can be used for preparing the medicine of prevention, treatment or the auxiliary treatment various diseases relevant with the expression of C Met or activity, especially tumor disease.


Does a deficiency of endogenous oleic acid synthesis affect cell proliferation and the expression of folliculogenesis markers in the ovarian granulosa cell line COV434?

 Endogenous oleic acid synthesis supports cell proliferation and the expression of folliculogenesis markers, which are possibly linked to oocyte maturation.

 The endogenous synthesis of the monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid from saturated fatty acids is catalysed by stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD). Previous studies have suggested that lipid monounsaturation may promote steroidogenesis and oocyte development. However, the potential role of endogenous oleic acid synthesis in folliculogenesis remains virtually unexplored. Autophagy related 14 (ATG14), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) play essential roles in follicular development via promotion of proliferation and maturation of ovarian granulosa cells.

 Immortalized granulosa cells (COV434) were cultured, treated with a specific SCD inhibitor (SCDi) and supplemented with or without oleic acid for 48 h. The cells were cultured for a further 24 h in normal media. The cell culture medium was then discarded and the cells were washed before a viability assay or RNA extraction was performed. RNA extraction was followed by cDNA synthesis and real-time PCR assessment. All experiments were conducted three times in duplicate.

 Cell proliferation was determined using a crystal violet viability assay. The expression of the folliculogenesis markers ATG14, GDF9, STAT3 and FOXO1 was analysed using TaqMan real-time PCR.

 The cell proliferation rate was considerably lower in SCDi-treated cells compared to untreated control cells (-50%, p < 0.01), and the effect was fully recovered by adding oleic acid to the SCDi-conditioned cells. SCDi treatment led to significant decreases in ATG14 (-90%), GDF9 (-86%), STAT3 (-62%) and FOXO1 (-93%) (p < 0.01) compared with the baseline control levels. Oleic acid was found to partially, but significantly, suppress the inhibitory effect of SCDi on the expression of the folliculogenesis markers. The rescue effect of oleic acid was significantly stronger after an extended culture time following SCDi treatment.

 Further studies need to be performed, possibly with primary cell cultures, to confirm these effects.

 The involvement of the endogenous synthesis of oleic acid in ovarian granulosa cell functionality is relevant to reproductive disorders that affect oogenesis.

 not applicable


The work presents a study of the relationship between elderly public and digital television through the exam of usability guidelines for the development of interactive programs targeted at this audience. The research is based in the analysis of two entertainment TV programs, "Viola, minha viola" and "Sr. Brasil ", and also in questionnaires applied with representative groups of this segment of audience. As a result, we present usability guidelines and a requirements document that can be applied to the development of applications for the development of these interaction programs in Digital TV systems.


A proof is given of a purely mathematical theorem on the polynomial of lowest degree with positive coefficients having a prescribed root of unity as a multiple root. H. J. Riblet has conjectured the theorem below. In the preceding paper, he applies his theorem to optimum impedance transformer design.


The concept, which is central to Regis Debray's Revolution in the Revolution? , of the subordination of the party to the guerrilla force, of the political to the military, is based on the assumption that "the revolution is formed in the struggle itself," a thesis defended by Fidel Castro. And yet no one can deny that the Venezuelan Communist Party fought with arms in hand, especially in 1963 and 1964. Today, according to Fidel, they have abandoned the struggle and taken the road of reformism. Here the logic of the argument appears to break down—armed struggle is not enough for the forging of a revolutionary consciousness. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Recently, Das et al. and Tseng et al. proposed a remote user authentication scheme using bilinear pairings, respectively. They can provide a flexible password change option to the users without any help from the remote server. However, some weaknesses of the two bilinear pairing based remote password authentication schemes are found in the paper. The schemes suffer from offline password guessing attack and impersonation attacks.


Objective To explore the optimum dose of intrathecal Sufentanil by observing the effects and the influ ences on parturient of different doses for labor analgesia.Methods 120 cases of healthy primipara(ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ,single birth),with 3-4 cm cervical dilatation were randomly divided into group Ⅰ,group Ⅱ,group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ,with 30 cases in each group.Sufentanil 3 μg(group Ⅰ),4 μg(group Ⅱ),6 μg(group Ⅲ) and 8 μg(group Ⅳ) were respectively injected into subarachnoid space.An epidural cather was then placed for patient-controlled epidural(PCEA).After 15 minutes,the initiative dose of local anesthetics were given,the patient controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA) pumps were connected to the epidural cathers and started,when VAS scores of pregnant women were greater than or equal to 3 scores.The PCEA pumps were stopped in all groups when patients uterine cervix dilated to 9 cm.The onset time and duration of subarachnoid analgesia were observed;visual analogue scale(VAS) and Bromage scale were recorded respectively before and 10,15,30,60,90 min after injection;the vital sign,labor stage,labor type,adverse reactions of parturients and the Apgar score at 1,5 min of neonates were recorded respectively.Results The onset time of subarachnoid analgesia in group Ⅰ were faster than that in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ;the duration of subarachnoid analgesia in group Ⅰ was shorter than that in group Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ(P 0.05).VAS declined gradually 10,15,30,60,90 min after injection compared with before injection in 4 groups(P 0.05).The utilization rate of oxytocin in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were 43%(13/30),45%(15/30),75%(20/30),80%(24/30) separately.Compared with group Ⅰ,the utilization rate of oxytocin in group Ⅳ was significantly higher.The main adverse reactions were pruritus,heartbeat bradycardia and dizziness.The utilization rates of pruritus of 4 groups were in 50%-60%.With the increase of Sufentanil doses,skin pruritus was more severe,longer duration.The occurrence of heartbeat bradycardia and dizziness in group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ were separately [0(0/30),3%(1/30)],[10%(3/30),13%(4/30)],[13%(4/30),17%(5/30)],[23%(7/30),27%(8/30)].Compared with group Ⅰ,there was significant difference in group Ⅳ(P 0.05).There were no significant differ-ences in vital sign,labor stage,the transfer rate of cesarean section,postpartum blood loss,and the Apgar scores of neonate among 4 groups(P 0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal Sufentanil(4.0-8.0 μg) combined spinal-epidural labor can provide better analgesic effect,and have no influence on the duration of labor process.But the optimum dose is 46 μg during the active stage of labor.


PATTERNS sanctified by great historiographic traditions tend to become fixed. Frequently these patterns are neither logical nor coherent, but the sanction of use and wont behind them is so powerful that researchers tend to force new materials into the time-honored molds. In this way the Germanist tradition imposed itself on Bishop Stubbsi,' and the Whig interpretation of eighteenth century politics was not completely overthrown until Mr. Namier finally destroyed it through his patient work on the Newcastle papers.2 An even more famous case, perhaps, is that of Cromwell, rescued only after two centuries of nearly unanimous obloquy and set on a pedestal by the hero-worshiping Carlyle.3 The school of historians that followed Carlyle in the rehabilitation of Cromwell riveted an already venerable theory of Civil War politics onto the history of the Interregnum. That theory is somewhat as follows: In the beginning of the war the parliamentary party was united in its opposition to the autocratic pretensions of Charles I and the popish tendencies of the High Anglican faction in the church. As long as the royalists remained a threat, the factions in parliament held together. When royalist pressure slackened, parliament and its adherents split along religious lines. On one side, the Presbyterians tried to impose on England a tyrannical church uniformity on the Scottish pattern. On the other side, the Independents, a majority in the New Model army but a minority in parliament, set the doctrine of religious toleration against the persecuting aims of the Presbyterians. When in I647 the army leaders realized that the parliamentary majority was ready to sacrifice the gains of the Civil War in order to establish Presbyterianism, they impeached eleven Presbyterian commonersi and marched on London to save the revolution from intolerant reaction. In i648 the Scots invaded England, pledged to restore Charles I to his throne. While the


Past studies suggest that full-time maternal employment may be negatively related to children's cognitive development. Most studies measure maternal employment at one time point, while mothers' work hours may not be stable during early childrearing years. Using data from the 2001 Early Childhood Longitudinal Study – Birth Cohort (N ≈ 6,500), the authors examine stability in mothers' work hours across four waves when children are 9 and 24 months old, in preschool, and in kindergarten, mothers' background characteristics associated to it, and its link to child cognitive development. Results show that the majority of mothers change work hours across the four waves. Analysis using multinomial logistic regression models suggests that mothers' older age, fewer children, and higher household income are related to working full time at all four waves compared to varying work hours across the waves; more children and less than high school completion are related to staying home at all four waves; and mothers' older age, being White, no change in partnership status, and holding a college degree are related to working part time at all four waves. Compared to mothers' changing work hours, mothers' stable work hours, full time or part time, at all four waves is related to children's better reading, math, and cognitive scores in kindergarten, whereas mothers' staying The Work-Family Interface: Spillover, Complications, and Challenges Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, Volume 13, 1–21 Copyright © 2018 by Emerald Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1530-3535/doi:10.1108/S1530-353520180000013002 2 KEI NOMAGUCHI AND MARSHAL NEAL FETTRO home at all four waves is negatively related to these scores. These associations disappear when background characteristics are controlled for in ordinary least squares regression models. These findings underscore the role of background characteristics in shaping both mothers' stable employment and children's cognitive development.


A new model of ''new donors'' is presented, based on electrical, infrared measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and high‐resolution electron microscopy observations on Czochralski‐grown silicon single crystals containing ''new donors.'' In this model, the electrical activity of ''new donors'' originates from the uncoordinated Si dangling bonds on small dislocation loops resulting from oxygen precipitation. In comparison with other models, the present model can better explain the experimental results of the heat treatment Czochralski‐grown Si wafers.


Aims Relationships between local habitat heterogeneity and tree communities in miombo woodlands have been very little studied. combining MRT with the IndVal index and torus randomisation has proved to be a much more robust and sensitive approach to highlight tree-habitat associations at this scale. The common dichotomous viewpoint of considering deterministic and neutral effects as acting at broad and fine scales, respectively, is not con-firmed when measuring suitable environmental variables, even in a case where the physical environment does not exhibit strong heterogeneity.


Evaluating customer demands to link with manufacturer may have the most important role in producing parts with utmost preciseness. Replacing traditional manufacturing process with modern and advanced process technology has already been an important alternative in competitive world market, which may fulfill the customer satisfaction in long term. Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the advanced process technology, which belongs to non-traditional manufacturing process. It is quite an expensive machining process, which is mostly used in producing molding dies of different kinds and smart pats as well as the wire EDM processes. We can say it is a thermo electrical process with analyzable material removal system. The aim of this paper is to test the effect of EDM parameters on P20 type tool steel. This type of tool steel is largely used in producing different kinds of molding dies in many industries. At this research work we have used different kind of tool electrode materials like graphite, copper and Brass. The effective parameters of electric discharge machining and outputs (response variables) of working material were defined as follows: Open circuit voltage (V), Peak current(Ic), Pulse on time (Ton), Tool wear ratio (TWR), Surface roughness (Ra), Material removal rate (MRR), and Electrode wear ratio (EWR).


This article is about the questions of the urgency, the contents and basic principles of teaching informatics for the students of pedagogical high educational institutions in the framework of development of informational and educational sphere.


AbstractA chemical method for the identification and the quantitative detection of psoralen DNA furan‐side photoadducts formed in cells is presented. It is based on an enzymatic digestion of the purified DNA extracted from the treated cells and a further separation by high performance liquid chromatography of the modified nucleosides coupled to a highly sensitive fluorescence analysis and detection. Using this method, 3‐carbethoxypsoralen‐ DNA photoadducts formed in yeast and mammalian cells have been identified and quantified. The predominant photoadducts induced have been identified as two cis‐syn dThd(564'5')3‐CPs diastereoisomers. In Chinese Hamster V79 cells treated with 3‐carbethoxypsoralen at 50 μM and irradiated at 365 nm with an incident dose of 24 kJ/m2, the two monoadducts could be quantitatively assessed at levels as low as 1.3 and 0.7 per 10 000 base pairs.


ABSTRACT Salmonella Enteritidis is a pathogen, which can infect humans and chickens. This study was designed to address the impact of two potential prebiotics, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and xylooligosaccharides (XOS), on the caecal microbiota and expression of cytokines in chickens infected with S. Enteritidis. Newly hatched chicks were assigned to one of five groups: (1) uninfected control, (2) infected control, (3) infected + XOS, (4) infected + MOS and (5) infected + virginiamycin. The number of S. Enteritidis recovered from the caecum was significantly lower, by 1.6 log, in the MOS, and to a less extent (1.0 log) in the XOS‐fed birds compared to the infected control. Coprococcus, Ruminococcus and Enterococcus genera were increased in response to MOS, whereas XOS enriched Clostridium, Lactobacillus and Roseburia. MOS, but not XOS, lessened the increase of lipopolysaccharide‐induced tumour necrosis factor alpha factor and interferon‐&ggr; in caecal tonsils after challenge. The canonical correspondence analysis for cytokine genes showed a correlation with the composition of the microbial community at the genus level. Thus, MOS and XOS differently changed the relative abundance of specific microbial genera and the immune response during infection, and these changes were correlated with their abilities to reduce S. Enteritidis colonisation. &NA; Graphical Abstract Figure. Prebiotics modulated caecal microbiota, immune response and caecal Salmonella Enteritidis colonisation in young chickens.


The Oxford Handbook of Medical Imaging was edited by three experienced consultant radiologists from the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (Leeds UK): Michael J Darby, Dominic A Barron and Rachel E Hyland. This concise pocketbook consist of three sections: the first deals with the most common symptoms and likely diagnoses, the second enumerates the imaging findings and their respective differential diagnoses, and the third – the largest and most useful part – describes in more detail a number of common conditions, including some characteristic images. This handbook can provide students and residents in clinical training with some basic knowledge on imaging technologies, indications for their use, and imaging findings in most common medical and surgical conditions.


The entry of collective-owned commercial construction land into the market is a major reform of China's land management system, which will help promote the appreciation of rural land, establish a unified urban and rural construction land market, and help rural revitalisation and urban–rural integrated development. Based on the classic customer satisfaction index model, this study constructs a satisfaction model for farmers who enter the market with collective-owned commercial construction land. Farmers' satisfaction is measured by 7 latent variables and the corresponding 22 observed variables, forming a causal chain containing 13 pairs of interactions. Taking as an example Dazu District of Chongqing City, one of the pilot areas where China's collective-owned commercial construction land has come on the market, AMOS statistical analysis software is used to test the hypotheses. The research results show that: farmers' information awareness has the greatest impact on farmers' satisfaction; the higher farmers' perceived quality is, the more they can improve their satisfaction; there is a significant relationship between farmers' satisfaction, farmers' complaints and farmers' trust; and the three are closely related. Finally, based on the research results, we try to put forward targeted policy suggestions in order to provide a useful reference for government to push for the promotion of the collective-owned commercial construction land marketisation in other rural areas of China and its future improvement.


In this paper, a frequency-sweep based load monitoring method is proposed for weakly-coupled series-series (SS) compensated wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. By only measuring the input voltage and current of the transmitter coil, the proposed monitoring method can estimate the load resistance without any feedback signals from the receiver even for mid-range applications with very small coupling coefficients. Compared to the existing monitoring methods for short-range applications, the proposed monitoring method uses a simpler estimation equation. Both simulation and experimental results are included to confirm that the proposed monitoring method can accurately estimate load resistances of weakly-coupled SS compensated WPT systems.


The use of ceramic femoral heads in total hip arthroplasty is increasing.[1][1] This is partly a result of good wear characteristics when articulated against ceramic or highly crosslinked polyethylene (PE) liners, and because modern ceramics allow the use of larger femoral heads without increased


Reflex responses to painful electrical shock-stimulation of the skin of the lower limb have been electromyographically analysed under normal and pathological conditions. I t was found that the normal reflex patterns form an adequate, coordinated movement for withdrawal from the stimulus. The movement consists of the harmonious integration of flexion and extension reflexes, except with stimulation of the ball of the toes, when a general flexion reflex of the limb, including dorsiflexion of the hallux, is evoked. It is concluded that the "pathological" flexion reflex, including the dorsiflexion of the hallux, is identical with the normal flexion reflex evoked by stimulation of the ball of the toes. What is pathological about the Babinski sign is not the upgoing of the hallux as such, but the fact that it is elicited from a receptive field in which the reflex plantar flexion is normally dominant. The Babinski sign is the result of encroachment of the receptive field of the normal flexion reflex upon that of the normal extension reflex.


Objective To explore the characteristics of the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and the diagnostic value of brain SPECT in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD). Methods SPECT were performed in 13 OCD subjects,19 normal subjects,7 patients with anxiety disorder and 5 patients with depressive disorder to compare the difference in cerebral perfusion. Results The value in SPECT radioactive counts ratio in left temporoccipital lobe was lower in OCD patients than in normal subjects( P 0.05 ).The difference of the ratio of SPECT between left and right cerebral was significantly different between severe and mild OCD patients in posterior caudate nucleus( P 0.05).The rCBF of left cortex was significantly lower than of right cortex( P 0.05 or P 0.01).Compared with anxiety disorder, the rCBF ratio of left temporoccipital lobe and both left and right antoccipital lobe were significantly lower in OCD patients( P 0.05 or P 0.01). There was no significantly difference of rCBF ratio in every region of interest(ROI) between OCD patients and depressive disorder( P 0.05). Conclusion There are functional disorder in temporal lobe and caudate nucleus in OCD patients. The cerebral perfusion in cortex is obvious asymmetry. The cerebral perfusion in OCD is different from anxiety neurosis, but not from depressive disorder.


Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating neonatal disease primarily seen in premature infants with an incidence rate around 1 5% in intensive care unit. Despite the advancement in neonatal care, NEC is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Many cases of NEC are managed medically, but up to 40 50% of the patients refractory to medical management and all patients with perforated NEC require surgery. The most appropriate timing for surgery and the optimum surgical management in advanced stages of NEC remains controversial. Typically, the surgical options is influenced not only by the patient's clinical status and the extent of the disease but also by surgeon's preference. The surgical options at laparotomy include resection with stoma fashioning, resection with primary anastomosis, "clip and drop" or "Patch-drain-wait" technique. In Extremely Low-Birth Weight Infant, Peritoneal drainage placement has been taken in consideration. As NEC is still an emerging rare disease, network such as ERNICA (European Reference Network on Rare Inherited and Congenital Anomalies) can help to pool together disease-specific expertise in order to provide high-quality care for patients and improve a cross-border healthcare.