Abstract: Peromyscus fraterculus (Miller, 1892) is a small rodent commonly called the northern Baja deermouse. Its pelage is dark, the tail is considerably longer than the body, and the number of caudal vertebrae ranges from 30 to 34. The geographic distribution of P. fraterculus includes the area west of the Colorado River, from southern California in the United States of America southward to the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, south of La Paz Isthmus. It is found in a broad variety of habitats from sea level to 1,175 m. P. fraterculus does not have special conservation status, although the island populations have conservation issues, mainly due to the introduction of non-native species. It is listed as "Least Concern" (LC) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.


This invention relates to a process for the production of lithium chloride substantially free of lithium salts of chlorine oxygen acids through substantially quantitative conversion of chlorine in a gas stream to lithium chloride. Chlorine in a gas stream is absorbed in a substantially saturated solution of lithium hydroxide until the lithium hydroxide is converted to a solution of lithium chloride containing lithium salts of chlorine oxygen acids. The latter solution is then treated with ammonia to convert lithium hypochlorite and lithium chlorite present therein to lithium chloride followed by acidification of the solution and treatment with an organic reducing agent to convert lithium chlorate and lithium perchlorate therein to lithium chloride.


It is important to note that the 21st century teaching and learning process requires different roles of teachers to deal with students. The rapid development of technologies hasprovided rich resources for students and teachers that they need to update, understand, critically analyse the information, and express their understanding in different contexts. Teachers must shift their dominant and central lectures to more facilitated and guided discussions and various learning activities. Being co-learners are encouraged, so students are given the opportunities toequip themselves with necessary skills of the future.


This article analyzes the new trends of the Russian commercial property market emerging under conditions of economic crisis and well as their impact on commercial property transactions and related legal support, including practical legal recommendations to the transactions participants.


Aims: Coconut Lethal Yellowing Disease has been threatening coconut plantations in Côte d'Ivoire for ten years and has destroyed more than 400 ha. The destruction of the coconut palm leads to phytoplasmas conservation on other plants grown in association or near of the disease outbreaks. Thus, the search for possible alternative host species was conducted.
Methodology: Surveys were carried out in infected coconut plantations, in order to describe symptoms associated with phytoplasma infections and to collect leaf samples of plant species other than coconut. Symptomatic and non-symptomatic leaves of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) were collected for DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was subjected to molecular characterization.
Results: Mosaic and leaf reduction symptoms were observed on sweet potato leaves. From these samples, two phytoplasma strains were associated. Molecular analysis showed the presence of the endemic phytoplasma strain belonging to the 16SrXXII-B subgroup ʺCandidatus Phytoplasma palmicolaʺ. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis also revealed the presence of a new phytoplasma strain, sharing 99% similarity with 16SrIV group strains ʺCandidatus Phytoplasma palmaeʺ.
Conclusion: The detection of these strains confirms sweet potato for the very first time, as an alternative host for coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasmas in Côte d'Ivoire.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of repeated floods in the city of Niamey and the strategies developed by the state in terms of prevention, rehabilitation, and care for victims. Although numerous framework documents have been drafted in the last decade and urbanization in flood zones has been limited, the reality in Niamey shows that urban sprawl is increasing along the riverbank and the population facing vulnerable situations is growing. The inefficiency of state action determines that, on the one hand, it is non-governmental institutions that need to develop improvement plans—with the recovery of the city being dependent on the arrival of their funds and their distribution in those areas that donor countries consider most suitable—and on the other hand, it is the citizens—already vulnerable—who must find their own resilience mechanisms to try to survive the next flood. This study reveals that this diversity of players is involved in flood management through emergency relief, solidarity in rehousing, and providing support for living and non-living flood victims. Despite this mobilization, the actions undertaken are hampered by a number of constraints. Insufficient financial and human resources, a lack of foresight on the part of the authorities, and poorly coordinated actions are the main difficulties limiting the success of public action in the face of flooding. Through a qualitative approach, combining documentary research, direct observation and semi-structured interviews, we analyze the mobilization of actors around the management of the effects of floods in Niamey.


A total of 48 pigs of the Yorkland x Duroc hybrid, with initial average liveweight of 27.7 kg, was used for 70 d to evaluate the inclusion of 0, 10, 20, and 30 % of breadfruit tree meal as partial substitute for corn in conventional feedstuffs, for the feeding of fattening swine. An analysis of variance was performed according to one-way design with four treatments and four repetitions. In all the treatments, the maximum viability (100 %) was obtained and there were no differences for the feed intake (175 kg/pig). The treatments with 0 and 10 % of breadfruit tree meal did not differ between themselves for the final liveweight (78.25 and 77.25 kg/pig), average daily gain (ADG) (720 and 707 g/pig), conversion (3.47 and 3.54) and carcass yield (73.85 and 73.36 %). However, with 10 % of breadfruit tree meal, the feed cost/t of liveweight was reduced in 76.94 USD and per carcass ton in 92.97. The diets with 20 and 30 % of breadfruit tree meal reduced the final liveweight (74.25 and 70.33 kg/pig), the ADG (668 and 608 g/pig), and the carcass yield (72.68 and 72.39 %), besides impairing the feed conversion (3.74 y 4.11). It is recommended to use up to 30 % of breadfruit tree meal in fattening swine feedstuffs, even when it would be necessary to have more days in this category. This would permit obtaining productive results similar to those of the conventional diets and reducing the feeding cost, not changing the beef quality. Key words: breadruit tree, fattening swine.


The Lockheed Martin Trusted Web Server and Trusted Gateway provide highly secure access to content at different levels of sensitivity. The Trusted Web Server ensures that content (e.g., sound, graphics, video, data) and programs of differently sensitivity levels can be accessed and displayed only by those users having the proper authorizations. The Trusted Gateway provides highly secure connectivity over networks of nodes by establishing trusted VPNs.


Before independence, the Zimbabwe Republic police force worked in a Law and Order approach. After independence, policing was to involve popular participation. Community Relations Liaison Officers were trained in systemic counselling skills to equip them for the work. Case vignettes show both the challenges and police response. (author abstract)


The patient with cervical spine injury (CSI) can present a number of difficult problems for the anesthesiologist. Airway management is complicated by the possibility of producing secondary neurological damage. The optimum method of tracheal intubation is controversial. This review will outline the basic principles of CSI and airway management with reference to recent articles.


Parameter-free optimization algorithms refer to algorithms whose convergence rate is optimal with respect to the initial point without any learning rate to tune. They are proposed and wellstudied in the online convex optimization literature. However, all the existing parameter-free algorithms can only be used for convex minimization problems. It remains unclear how to design a parameter-free algorithm for convex-concave min-max problems. In fact, the best known convergence rates of the algorithms for solving these problems depend on the size of the domain, rather than on the distance between initial point and the optimal solution. In this paper, we provide the first parameter-free algorithm for several classes of convex-concave problems and establish corresponding state-of-the-art convergence rates, including strictly-convex-strictly-concave min-max problems and min-max problems with non-Euclidean geometry. As a by-product, we utilize the parameter-free algorithm as a subroutine to design a new algorithm, which obtains fast rates for min-max problems with a growth condition. Extensive experiments are conducted to verify our theoretical findings and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


This paper analyzes the influencing factors of central crack in CC slab of Pansteel, and introduces the measures controlling central crack and the result that has been gained.


As a unique regional sports culture,sports culture of Chinese countryside community has special research meaning and existing value in the construction of socialist new countryside.This paper put forward the countermeasures and suggestions of building Chinese sports culture in new countryside community in order to provide scientific decision advice for the construction of sports culture in new countryside community.


This article addresses the problem of formation of communicative competence among thegraduates of military higher education institutions. It is very acute because of the existingcontradictions between: the needs of military schools in the quality of education helping toform communicative competence and; the lack of methods to achieve it, in particular didac-tic materials shortage. Special teaching materials is a great means of the communicativecompetence formation of the graduates of military schools


CDIO engineering education mode is the successful model of the reformation of engineering education. According to the training objectives and curriculum system of water supply & drainage, evaluation index system is proposed based on CDIO standard. The weight of each evaluation factor is calculated by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The evaluation model is established based on multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. A university graduate is used for case study. The last score is 82.75. The score is in accordance with the actual situation of the student. The results show that it is feasible to use AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for evaluating comprehensive quality of graduates in water supply & drainage practiced the CDIO engineering education. CDIO means "Conceive", "Design", "Implement" and "Operate". Based on learning professional basic theory, CDIO engineering education concept is incorporating traditional professional education of school into the actual engineering fields according to the life cycle process method of conception, design, implementation and operation in engineering systems. The life cycle is used as its carrier from the product research to the product operation. Students may study the theory of engineering knowledge, practical experience and all kinds of ability by methods of active, practice and organic connection between courses in the carrier. Then the innovative talents are cultivated with broad knowledge, strong practical ability and good comprehensive qualities conforming to the social demand (Gu, 2012a and 2012b). Therefore, as to the specialty orientation, training direction, course construction, teaching reform, etc, it has very important significance to evaluate the cultivated talents' knowledge structure, practical ability and comprehensive quality objectively and accurately. Methods for improving education quality are compared in different countries (Toni, 2014 and 2013). Competencies of different Russian engineering universities' graduates and the standards of international accreditation agencies and organizations is compared between CDIO, ABET, FENAI, EMF and APEC. The conclusion is to facilitate the invention competency development, Russian universities need to use the practice-based approach to learning together with active employer involvement and active solving of actual production tasks as early as the learning stage (Zamyatina, 2015, 2014a and 2014b). Three questions are brought up: Which are the basic competences that need a contemporary engineer? How can the learning of these basic competences be improved and assessed in engineering students? The implementation of the syllabus and CDIO standards could be seen by the scientific and educational community as a difficult and tedious process, but the results obtained in the projects course-designed by following the guidelines presented in first and second level of CDIO syllabus shows that are worth investing efforts for the implementation of it / / /


In this article we identify three key reasons for considering Kalecki's work within the context of debates about post-Keynesian economics and critical realism. We then use six criteria to assess whether his work is consistent with a critical realist approach to empirical research and theory development. We conclude that Kalecki's work fits within the tenets of critical realism and provides insights for those wishing to include formal modelling and econometric techniques within a critical realist framework. Copyright The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.


Revealed the specific reasons why building energy efficiency in China is ineffectively executed.Presented corresponding measures for public awareness,law standard and supervision,application of new material,building structure and developing energy efficiency building.Finally,the prospect of energy efficiency in China was predicted.


High-dynamic range (HDR) images are circulated rapidly over the internet with risks of being exploited for unauthen-ticated usage. To protect these images, some HDR image-based watermarking (HDR-IW) methods were put forward. However, they inherited the same problem faced by con-ventional IW methods for standard dynamic range (SDR) images, where only trade-offs among conflicting requirements are managed instead of simultaneous improvement. In this paper, a novel saliency (eye-catching object) detection based trade-off independent HDR-IW is proposed, to simul-taneously improve robustness, imperceptibility and payload capacity. First, the host image goes through our proposed salient object detection model to produce a saliency map, which is, in turn, exploited to segment the foreground and background of the host image. Next, binary watermark is partitioned into the foregrounds and backgrounds using the same mask and scrambled using the random permutation algorithm. Finally, the watermark segments are embedded into the corresponding host segments (i.e., selected bit-plane) using quantized indexed modulation. Experimental results suggest that the proposed work outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of improving the conflicting requirements.


mHealthINX is an international research project that aims to design and develop a digital-based solution that supports older employees (55+) in promoting and strengthening their mental health. Age-related decline of physical and cognitive abilities can raise challenges and stressful situations for older adults at work. mHealthINX seeks to alleviate these problems by providing a user-friendly digital solution that supports older employees in monitoring their stress levels, make themselves aware of stressors, and preventing stress-related consequences. The prototype will provide mental health assessments and mental health-promoting features such as cognitive training, mindfulness, and techniques and tools supporting users in learning to cope with stressors. This work aims to depict the mHealthINX solution's concept and highlight the interplay between its frontend components. Next to the concept, this work focuses on the user experience and user involvement results gained from the first and second workshops held in Switzerland and the Netherlands.


In the UK cancer is the leading cause of mortality in people under the age of 75 and accounts for one in four deaths overall. Cancer is currently the third largest NHS (National Health Service) disease programme. Radiotherapy is one of the main forms of cancer treatment, with an overall cure rate of 40 %. In this paper we review the different types of radiotherapy treatments used and we summarise their current status. Particular emphasis will be placed on a new approach to radiotherapy: the multi-modality approach. We will explain how to develop this multi-modality approach and what will be the benefits to the patients. We will discuss the technological challenges faced in the development of such a multi-modality approach to radiotherapy and the advances needed in the fields of dosimetry and quantitative imaging. We will present two examples of R&D projects for future technologies: in-vivo dosimetry and TOF PET imaging.


The prevalence and socioeconomic impact of helminthic infections continue to be of global concern, particularly in areas with tropical climates, poor sanitation, low standards of living, and poor health education. Considerable progress has been achieved in the development of anthelmintics, and a number of useful model systems are available. The uses and pharmacologic and clinical features of a number of anthelmintics are reviewed.


I stood on the stage holding my spear. A bit part. Mary and Joseph held centre stage, and the narrator's voice boomed around us. Like many primary school heroes, Joseph ended up in jail, and Mary became a teen mother. I was an academic nobody, with no label of dyslexia and no classroom assistant. But I could tell a joke, was good at conkers and football cards, and would stick up for my friends. We didn't try to punch the teacher, and in turn teachers tried their …


The majority of second generation sensitizers being proposed as possible alternatives to hematoporphyrin derivative, in photodynamic therapy, are hydrophobic in nature. Consequently, specific carrier systems have to be developed for in vivo administration. As an attempt to understand the interactions of these delivery systems in vivo, plasma binding properties of the sensitizer SnET2 complexed with liposomes, emulsions or cyclodextrins have been studied. Additional studies have investigated the effect of the carrier system on the cytotoxicity of SnET2 on transplantable tumors. Preliminary data suggest that tumor response may be mediated by the choice of carrier system. Further studies appear to be necessary before the optimum thug/carrier system complex can be defined.


Conducting discovery-oriented qualitative research about the life experiences of hard-to-reach individuals posed several challenges for recruiting participants and collecting rich textual data. In a study pertaining the experiences of Third Culture Kids (TCKs), we explored the benefits of the social media, such as Facebook as a platform to collect data. TCKs are individuals who define their sense of belonging to the third culture trailing their parents moving across borders during their developmental years. Adult TCKs live in many different countries, and accessing and interviewing respondents could be a difficult and costly endeavor. In this article, the authors share their experience conducting online, asynchronous focus groups using a Facebook platform. We reflect upon the process of setting up a secret Facebook focus group for research purposes, recruiting participants, rapport building between facilitator and participants, monitoring and keeping track of participants' responses, and the dynamics emerging within an online focus group. We also discuss the novelty, limitations, and benefits of the Facebook focus group as an emerging mode for collecting qualitative data from hard-to-reach participants.


Using cardiac computed tomography (CT), images of both the left and right ventricle can be acquired. Potential findings of interest are for example enlarged ventricles or inadequate pumping, which can be used for diagnosis. The analysis requires that the ventricles are outlined, either manually or automatically. Automated segmentation methods for clinical use exist for the left ventricle but not for the right ventricle.

Automated methods are necessary in clinical routine as manual outlining in hundreds of images per patient is time consuming. Automated methods would also allow to determine reference values for the right ventricle volume in CT images which currently is missing.

Therefore, the purpose of the thesis was to develop and validate an automated method to segment the right ventricle.

In this thesis an active shape model is implemented and validated for automatic segmentation of the right ventricle in cardiac CT images. The model was trained on sixty subjects who all underwent a magnetic resonance (MR) examination and had their left and right ventricles manually outlined by professional physicians.

Validation was performed on patients with varying image quality from the Heart and Lung-foundation founded SCAPIS research project. The developed method has proven flexible enough to handle the many shapes of the right ventricle while not being tied to good image quality or strong edges. The algorithm will be implemented in the first version of the clinical software Segment CT provided by Medviso AB.


Pressure Points was created by Bruce Robinson, professor emeritus of the Columbus College of Art & Design. Robinson's works are often borne out of questions he posits about social issues, in this case, elements of violence among young Black men in contemporary American society. In Pressure Points, the artist tackles this issue from two angles: strong-willed racism from society, in the vein of Trayvon Martin, and what Robinson describes as "Black on Black crime," where Black men commit violence against one another. Robinson tackles these issues with the two Black male figures in Pressure Points, portraying a need for Black men to connect with and support one another as much as possible, given the complexity of contemporary culture. According to Robinson, a few key elements of the work convey his message of unity and community reliance among Black men in the face of violence and hardship in society. For example, the figure in the supine position is intended to be ambiguous to the onlooker, leading Robinson to posit, is it "slipping away or is it being gathered up and caressed and nurtured?" Furthermore, the two figures are integrated into one work to suggest the challenge and importance of Black men connecting with and supporting one another. The yellow ribbons that weave through the sculpture have a dual meaning, says Robinson, representing the police tape found in areas where a person has been shot down by gang violence and the ribbons used as a symbolic measure of remembrance. Visible in the detail image of the sculpture, the anti-violence message is further communicated in the gun tattoo on the arm of the upright figure, bearing the Spanish words "No Mas," meaning "no more." Finally, Robinson grapples with nature versus nurture concerning issues that arise among young Black men, particularly with regard to violence in the community and the journey toward supporting one another. He states that his


Patella ferruginea is a limpet endemic to the Western Mediterranean Sea. It is presently considered the most threatened marine macroinvertebrate in the region and has been included in several international conservation directives. Its populations were widespread throughout the Western Mediterranean in the late Pleistocene period, and remained broadly distributed until the 19 th century. Presently this species is confined into small populations in a few restricted areas due to human harvesting for food and baits, construction of coastal infrastructures and the effects of seawater pollution. In particular, the species is reported as presently disappeared from the whole of the Italian continental coast and measures are in progress to reintroduce the species through trans-location and reproduction in controlled conditions along the Ligurian coasts of the Northwestern Mediterranean. Recent surveys implemented in the framework of the present work along the Ligurian coasts, to assess the most suitable sites for reintroduction, resulted in the discovery of 32 specimens of this endemic limpet, which previously was thought to have van-ished from the area. These findings shed new light on the ability of species to naturally disperse, the relevance of the measures set in place to restore presently rarefied populations and may provide information to aid in the selection and management of sites within the Natura 2000 Ecological network.


Incidence of bradycardia during spinal anesthesia is rather high (5% to 13%), severe bradycardia (heart rate < 40) is rare (0.7%). The main mechanism is "reverse" Bainbridge reflex due to decreased venous return to the right atrium, other causative factors are male gender, baseline heart rate < 60, age < 37 years, case duration, prolonged PQ interval. Management includes atropine (0.4 to 1 mg), ephedrine (25 to 50 mg), epinephrine (0.2 to 0.3 mg). Prophylaxis includes maintenance of venous return during and after surgery. Deep bradycardia may lead to cardiac arrest needing thoracic massage.


Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are commensals of human oral cavity. They are the major cause of native valve endocarditis in immunocompetent individuals. Among the factors contributing to its virulence, its ability to adhere to host cells is considered to be important. FimA is an important virulence factor which promotes the adherence of bacteria to fibrin in vegetations of infective endocarditis (IE) patients. FimA is an adhesin protein encoded by fimA gene. The aim of the present study was to detect fimA gene among viridans group streptococci by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Viridans group streptococci including S. mitis (11), S. salivarius(11), S. oralis(1), S. sanguinis(2)and S. parasanguinus(1) isolated from oral cavity of healthy population were included in the study. The fimA gene was detected by PCR. Of the strains, only one (3.8%) was positive for fimA gene and it belonged to species S. parasanguinus. None of the other species were positive for fimA gene. Although fimA gene is considered as a major virulence factor and associated with IE, our data suggests that it may also be present in S. parasanguinus strains isolated from oral cavity of healthy population.


There is a disconnect from discovery of best treatment options and application into clinical practice in a timely manner. The I
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 Stroke Care
 (IMPROVE Stroke Care) goal is to develop a regional integrated stroke system that identifies, classifies, and treats patients with acute ischemic stroke more rapidly and effectively with reperfusion therapy. These improvements in acute stroke care delivery are expected to result in lower mortality, fewer recurrent strokes, and improved long term functional outcomes. Recent discoveries in stroke care and advancement in technology extends the window for both TPA administration and mechanical thombectomy. The challenge of implementing these latest advances are difficult considering the ability of hospitals to implement the original American Heart Association (AHA) Systems of Stroke Care recommendations. Early data from this project shows that the challenges continue to exist in recommendations that have been in place as early as 2005. EMS is not utilizing pre-hospital stroke screening tools, only 5% of the time, stroke severity tools, only 7% of the time, lytic checklists, 0% of the time, destination decision changed due to severity score, 0% of the time, and pre-notifying emergency rooms, only 63% of the time. Emergency departments door to CT <45 minutes, only 55% of the time, Lytic given in CT scanner, only 35% of the time, Door to lytic therapy< 45 minutes, 77% of the time, Door to Groin puncture, 81% of the time, and Door to TICI Flow 2c/3 flow <90 minutes, 39% of the time. The Systems of Stroke Care have recommendations that will improve time to treatment and outcomes for patients. This project is working to provide tools, guidance, data, and feedback to improve application of these recommendations and identify best practices and solutions to barriers.


Right iliac fossa pain is one of the most common reasons for a patient visit to the emergency department. Although appendicitis is the most common condition requiring surgery in patients with abdominal pain, right iliac fossa pain can be indicative of a vast list of differential diagnoses, and is thus both a diagnostic and a therapeutic challenge for clinicians. In this article, an exceedingly rare case of right iliac fossa pain in a 54-year-old male who had not just solitary perforated cecal diverticulitis, but also acute appendicitis and serrated adenoma of the ascending colon is presented. The final diagnosis was made by postoperative histopathological examination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case with these 3 different entities simultaneously present in the same patient. ABSTRACT DOI: 10.14744/scie.2017.76486


There are two reasons we expect moreconcentrated industries to have advantages over less-concentrated industries in playing the lobbying game.' One is that in a noncooperative setting, as the number firms rises, we expect the free-rider problem to become worse (this is the finding of Rodrik, 1986). The second is that we expect that the ability to maintain a cooperative outcome deteriorates as the number of firms in the industry rises. [The classic reference is Mancur Olson (1965); also, see Russell Hardin (1982) and Todd Sandler (1992) among others.] In contrast with the second intuition, this paper shows that there is no general presumption that maintaining cooperation becomes more difficult as the number of firms in the industry rises. The ability of an industry to overcome the free-rider problem is analyzed in a re-peated tariff lobbying game where cooperation may be maintained through the use of a simple trigger strategy.2 The difficulty of maintaining cooperation is measured by the critical value of the discount parameter. All values above this critical value are consistent with cooperation, and all values below the critical value imply that cheating will prevent maintenance of the cooperative outcome. There is no presumption that this critical value rises with the number of firms. A separate, but related, question involves asymptotic results. Standard intuition suggests that as industry structure approaches perfect competition, it becomes impossible to maintain cooperation. In the context of this paper, this intuition corresponds to the critical value of the discount factor converging to I as the number of firms increases to infinity. In the general case it is shown that the critical value of the discount parameter converges to a value less than 1 in the limit as the number of firms becomes arbitrarily large. If the actual discount parameter lies above this value, then cooperation may be maintained even with an infinite number of firms. Though the framework here is quite simple, it provides results which contrast sharply to our standard intuition about how industry structure affects the ability to maintain cooperation.' There are two ways to interpret the results of this paper. One is to assert that standard intuition is wrong, and that there is, in fact, no presumption that maintaining cooperation becomes more difficult as the number


Self-interacting dark matter models constitute an attractive solution to problems in structure formation on small scales. A simple realization of these models considers the dark force mediated by a light particle which can couple to the Standard Model through mixings with the photon or the Z boson. Within this scenario we investigate the sensitivity of the IceCube-DeepCore and PINGU neutrino telescopes to the associated muon neutrino flux produced by dark matter annihilations in the Sun. Despite the model's simplicity, several effects naturally appear: momentum suppressed capture by nuclei, velocity dependent dark matter self-capture, Sommerfeld enhanced annihilation, as well as the enhancement on the neutrino flux due to mediator late decays. Taking all these effects into account, we find that most of the model relevant parameter space can be tested by the three years of data already collected by the IceCube-DeepCore. We show that indirect detection through neutrinos can compete with the strong existing limits from direct detection experiments, specially in the case of isospin violation.


In this article, a technique for cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) using the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is proposed. ELMs are feedforward neural networks where the hidden layer parameters are not tuned, and only output weights are optimized. The simulations were done for both the fading and non-fading environments. Different combination of activation function and weight initialization scheme is deployed for calculating channel occupancy detection. The obtained results are compared with popular fusion schemes and well-known Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Further, the proposed algorithm's performance is compared with some of the recent CSS techniques in the literature. The primary metrics for comparison were the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the area under the curve (AUC), detection performance, and energy consumption. We obtained the ELM model's computational performance during the training phase and calculated the channel detection probability. These results demonstrate the potential superiority of ELM over established methods. In particular, the work presented here shows a better trade-off between training time and detection performance.


Background: Acute bronchitis is one of the most common infectious diseases in children and a major cause of hospital admissions. Treatment of acute bronchitis is usually symptomatic, analgesics and antipyretics are often used. The simultaneous intake of drugs brings pharmacological interactions with it. These interactions are important for the success of the treatment. The aim of our investigation is to determine the prevalence and severity of possible drug interactions; draw attention to drug interactions in children and adolescents.

Methods:  This study was conducted on 99 patients, 48 males and 51 females, with bronchitis hospitalized between 2019 and 2021 in Rize, Turkey. Patient records were retrospectively evaluated, and drug interactions were determined using database Medscape data by clinical pharmacists. Data was analyzed by SPSS 15.0v. statistical program p<0.05 was considered significant. The severity of the interactions was assessed as an alternative to serious use, close monitoring and minor interactions.
Results: In this study, it was found that the mean age of the patients was 5.17 ± 2.31 years. A total of 69 drug-drug interactions were identified, most of which (63.6%) were identified on the 'Close Monitor', and the interaction rate at the 'Serious Use Alternative' level was found to be 16.2%. There was no interaction in some patients in this study; but some patients experienced up to 4 interactions.
Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should be more cautious about polypharmacy and more aware of the rational use of drugs. By raising awareness of drug interactions among healthcare professionals, drug interactions can be minimized.


Introduction: This paper investigates the prevalence of obesity (BMI >30 kg/m 2 ) among five geographical groups of Indian Air Force personnel of different age. Purpose of study: To observe the status of obesity among IAF and see whether there is age-wise and regional difference in obesity among the different geographical groups. Results: Gradual increase in mean BMI is seen as age of the population increases. There is an overall marked increase in BMI level among all the three age groups for all the other four zones. F-ratio test of normal range BMI does show significant difference among the zones. There is a statistically significant difference in normal BMI (18.5–24.9 wt/ht 2 ) among all the age groups (F-ratio=11.561, p < 0.05). BMI correlated positively with age in the 20-25 age groups (r = 0.119, p= 0.000) and 26-30 age groups (r = 0.075, p= 0.009) respectively, but BMI did not show any statistically significant correlation with age in the 31-35 age group. Observations: A marked increase in overweight and pre-obese prevalence is seen both age and region wise in the IAF personnel if the Asian BMI cut off levels are applied.


The field of a moving pointlike charge is determined in nonlinear local electrodynamics. As a model Lagrangian for the latter we take the one whose nonlinearity is the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian of quantum electrodynamics truncated at the leading term of its expansion in powers of the first field invariant. The total energy of the field produced by a point charge is finite in that model; thereby its field configuration is a soliton. We define a finite energy-momentum vector of this field configuration to demonstrate that its components satisfy the standard mechanical relation characteristic of a free moving massive particle.


Abstract : The report presents a class of new algorithms for the approximate determination of the fixed points of 'operators' in normed linear spaces. The method of averaging functional corrections is itself a generalization of the classical method of successive approximations. Theoretical results concerning the convergence characteristics of the new algorithms are presented. The new methods are shown to be superior to the method of averaging functional corrections for certain types of operators. The primary application is to boundary value problems in integral equation form, and the representation of boundary value problems in this form is discussed. Other potential practical applications are considered. Numerical examples are given which demonstrate that the new algorithms are computational methods of significant practical value. (Author)


Five of eighteen climate system models participating the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) are chosen here for analysis based on their ability to simulate a reasonable present‐day climatology of the Sahara Desert with similar rainfall distributions and meridional boundaries as in the observational data. When CO2 concentration is increased at one percent per year for 80 years in these models the Sahara moves north, becomes hotter and dries. Compared to the 40‐year control run climatology, the mean average northward shift is around 0.55° latitude and the surface temperature is about 1.8°C warmer at year 70 when the CO2 doubles. The local enhanced greenhouse effect from increased CO2 increases the net surface sensible heat flux, which in turn contributes to the warming trend.


Lopburi Province had an entertainment venue where men having sex with men (MSM) could meet and engage in unsafe sex, particularly anal sex without condom use and having multiple partners. This study aimed to determine risk behavior for HIV infection among MSM in Lop Buri Province. The survey was conducted among 325 MSM who were members of Pink Monkey Club. The survey questionnaire was modifid from the standard one by the Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Thailand Ministry of Public Health. Frequency and percentage were used to present the results of analysis. Of the study men, 34.4 % were between 13-18 years old and 39.6 % had a secondary school education level. 71.3 % reported their fist sex with men and only 48.1 % used a condom during fist sex. 47.0 % cited that they were receptive sexual partners. Of the study sample, 33.8 % had anal sex with men within previous 12 months. Main reasons for no condom use included no available condom (66.0 %), reduction of sexual pleasure (33.7 %) and being drunk (33.7 %). Model for HIV prevention in MSM should include increased risk behavior perception and easy access to condom. These activities may be operated through the clubs and networks of MSM who should participate and help in developing the preventive model. Keywords : Risk behavior, HIV infection, condom use, men having sex with men


The paper presents an account of the origin, contents and apparent impact of the Nigerian structural adjustment programme of 1986–90. The programme arose from pressure by Nigeria's external creditors to reach an accommodation with the Bank and the Fund, but once the decision to undertake such a programme had been taken it became largely 'home‐grown' and contains a number of heterodox elements, including a ban on imported foodstuffs. Other major elements are a shift to a market‐determined exchange rate, the winding‐up of the six government commodity marketing boards and the gradual elimination of administrative controls on overseas trade. The design of the programme takes note of a number of recent theoretical findings, including the significance of the intermediate import constraint and the presence of crowding‐in effects of public expenditure on private investment in a number of African countries, any assessment of the programme's impact is of necessity preliminary; but, at the least, it has made possible a reduction in the burden of debt service, and the growth rate of GDP and exports, in particular export crops such as cocoa and rubber, have been much higher in the post‐than in the pre‐structural adjustment period; but inflation has worsened, real wages have fallen, and diversification of exports has not occurred. The tentative verdict is that the programme tried to achieve too much too soon, underestimated the resultant social costs, and placed too much reliance and changes in price incentives as a means of bringing about the necessary restructuring.


This study was conducted to assess the ultrasonographic changes occurring in the testicles of the stray dogs subjected to pinhole castration. The study was done on apparently healthy 18 adult intact male stray dogs, assigned to either group I (pinhole castration, n=12) or group II (control, n=6). All the animals of group I were subjected to bilateral spermatic cord ligation-pinhole castration. All the ultrasonographic alterations and dimensions of the testicles were recorded on day 0, and on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-ligation. The results showed a significant reduction in the dimensions of the testicles along with severe echogenic changes in their parenchyma in dogs subjected to pinhole castration. It was concluded that ultrasonography can be helpful in evaluating the testicular changes subsequent to pinhole castration in dogs.


Recently, we published an improved mathematical model of photodynamic therapy (PDT) dose deposition on length scales corresponding to intercapillary distances.1 This model describes the spatial and temporal dynamics of oxygen (O23) consumption and transport and microscopic singlet oxygen (O21) dose deposition during PDT treatment. It also enables simulation of volume-averaged quantities like hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) and photosensitizer fluorescence photobleaching, which are accessible experimentally.

In a subsequent modeling study of the kinetics of the recovery of SO2 following the interruption of PDT irradiation, we were troubled by what appeared to be physically unreasonable simulation results. The origin of these erroneous results was a sign error in one of the terms buried deep in the original code, which had the effect of creating a tumor microenvironment that was more hypoxic that we had specified as an initial condition. We emphasize that in our previously published article on this model, there were no errors in what was described, but the plots presented in that article were quantitatively affected by this sign error. Specifically, this error was in the numerator of Eq. (2) of Wang et al.,1 which was correct in the text; the error was only in the code. In this erratum, we show the revised figures generated by using the same photophysical and physiological parameters described previously.1 We also use this occasion to describe a few relatively minor improvements to the model.

The oxygen transport equation in the capillary is revised slightly from the original and is now written

(1+S)∂Ccap∂t=Dcap[1r∂∂r(r∂Ccap∂r)]+Dcap∂2Ccap∂z2−V(1+S)∂Ccap∂z,0⩽r⩽Rc,

(1)

where

S=CsatnC50nCcapn−1(C50n+Ccapn)2.

(2)

Here, we include a new term, (1+S), on the left-hand side of the transport equation for the capillary [Eq. 1], which more correctly provides for the dynamic unloading of O23 from hemoglobin.2 Further, the revised code uses Michaelis–Menten kinetics to describe the rate of metabolic O23 consumption not only in the calculation of the time-dependent state, as was done previously, but also in the calculation of the steady-state with axial diffusion. The equation for the tissue region remains as previously described

∂Ctiss∂t=Dtiss[1r∂∂r(r∂Ctiss∂r)]+Dtiss∂2Ctiss∂z2−Γ,Rc⩽r⩽b.

(3)

The definitions and the values of the parameters were previously described.

Using the corrected code and implementing the above modifications to the model, we repeated the simulations for the case of a 130 μm intercapillary spacing. Figure Figure11 shows the revised computed spatial distributions of O23 concentration, [O23](r,z), for (a) 0 J cm−2 and mTHPC-PDT conducted at irradiances of (b) 10 mW cm−2 for a fluence of 50 J cm−2, (c) 100 mW cm−2 for a fluence of 3 J cm−2, and (d) for a fluence of 50 J cm−2, assuming a nonuniform initial sensitizer distribution 3 h after i.v. injection. The anoxic regions shown in Figs. Figs.3b,3b, ,3c,3c, ,3d3d of our original article,1 which do not appear in these corrected results, were a result of the sign error in the code.

Figure 1

Calculated axial and radial distributions of the O23 concentration [O23](r,z) for (a) 0 J cm−2 and mTHPC-PDT conducted at irradiances of (b) 10 mW cm−2 for a fluence of 50 J cm−2, (c) 100 mW cm−2 for a fluence of 3 J cm ...

Figure 3

Computed spatial distributions of O21 dose, [O21](r,z), deposited during mTHPC-PDT at irradiances of 10 and 100 mW cm−2 for a fluence of 50 J cm−2, assuming initially uniform [(a1) and (a2)] and nonuniform [(b1), and (b2)] sensitizer distributions. ...

Revised numerical calculations of volume-averaged hemoglobin O23 saturation, ⟨SO2⟩, within the capillary versus irradiation time, the normalized, volume-averaged ground state sensitizer concentration, ⟨[S0]⟩, versus fluence, and the volume-averaged O21 dose, ⟨[O21]⟩, versus fluence for two fluence rates, 10 and 100 mW cm−2, assuming nonuniform initial sensitizer distribution are shown in Figs. Figs.2a,2a, ,2b,2b, ,2c,2c, respectively. The initial decrease in ⟨SO2⟩ in Fig. Fig.2a2a is not as significant as shown in Fig. 4(b) of Wang et al.1 Compared to Figs. 5(a) and 7(a) of our previous article, the rates of photobleaching and dose deposition for the 10 and 100 mW cm−2 cases in Figs. 2(b) and 2(c) are more rapid, and for a given fluence, the differences in the extent of sen-sitizer degradation and dose deposition between these two fluence rate cases are smaller. The differences between these and our previous results originate from greater oxygen availability in the tumor region after correcting the sign error.

Figure 2

(a) Computed ⟨SO2⟩ within the capillary vs irradiation time (s), (b) computed normalized ⟨[S0]⟩ vs fluence (J cm−2), and (c) computed ⟨[O21]⟩ vs fluence (J cm−2) for two fluence rates, 10 ...

Figure Figure33 shows the computed spatial distributions of O21 dose, [O21](r,z), deposited during mTHPC-PDT at irradiances of 10 and 100 mW cm−2 for a fluence of 50 J cm−2, assuming initially uniform [(a1) and (a2)] and nonuniform [(b1), and (b2)] sensitizer distributions. Compared to our previously published Fig. 8,1 the axial gradients in [O21] are now less severe.

The corrected MATLAB code is available, and interested readers should contact the authors for the updated version.


This study deals with lexical density of English reading texts in the textbook of junior high school. The objectives of the study are to find out the lexical density of reading texts of English in Focus textbook, the text which has the highest lexical density in the reading texts, and the reason of the text which has the highest lexical density in reading texts. This study was conducted by descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research were the English reading texts of English in Focus textbook for ninth grade students of junior high school published by National Education Department. The result of the analysis showed that: (1) The lexical density of procedure texts are 5.90, 5.08, 5.5, and 4.69, report texts are 5.92, 4.22, 4.06, and 3.64 and narration texts are 2.92 and 2.90. The score showed that the lexical density of eleven reading texts on English in Focus textbook for ninth grade of junior high school is categorized medium based on the Halliday's theory. It means that the texts are not difficult, easy to understand and suitable for ninth grade students of junior high school. (2) The highest lexical density of the reading texts is report text entitled "The Chinese Influence in Indonesian Visual Art" (5.92) because of the higher number of lexical items than grammatical items, few clauses and more vocabularies of words. (3) Report text has the highest lexical density because of the high proportion of lexical items in the text and it also because of the generic structure, language features and the style of writing report text.


Education is a wide terminology describing among others the transformative and liberatif activities of human being. One of the major aims of an education programme is to make a more balanced growth of a person's characters, covering the intellectual, spiritual, social, emotional, and physical dimensions. In the light of Ki Hadjar Dewantara, the founder of Tamansiswa educational institution, one might say that education is an effort to advance the good characters (the inner strength and characters), the mind, and the body. For him, education is an effort to liberate the physical and spiritual aspects of a human being. Thus every activity in an education institution should be a process of humanisation that goes holistically, that is, physical, mental, spiritual, individual, sosial, cultural, dan natural growths. In line with this, a well educated person who has good characters may respect other people's rights and could develop ecological concern. This article aims to explore how far education institutions can respond within the range of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's concept of education to the globalization issues affecting our society today.


(57) Abstract: The present invention comprises a tin and (or) titanium and (or) iron and (or) mixed oxide and based on other metals as deposited vanadium, antimony and optionally on a carrier their use for the ammoxidation of preparation and alkanes of the catalyst. Method of preparing the catalyst, vanadium, tin as antimony and optionally and (or) titanium and (or) with a solution of iron and (or) of at least one of each compound of the other metal saturated alcohols first impregnating the oxide type solid carrier, separated and dried to be allowed-solids contacted with an aqueous buffer in the pH range of the impregnated solid support obtained, 6-8, · the solid temperatures in the range of 300 ° C. to 350 ° C., and then calcining in two steps of a temperature in the range of from 400 ° C. to 800 ° C. and wherein the. These catalysts are suitable for use in fluidized or moving bed.


In the present paper, a model based calibration estimator of population total has been developed when study variable y and auxiliary variable x are inversely related. The relative performance of the proposed model based calibration estimator in comparison to model based estimator, the usual regression estimator and calibration based regression estimator have been examined by conducting a limited simulation study. In view of the results of the simulation study, it has been found that model based calibration estimator has outperformed the other estimators. However, calibration based regression estimator was found to be close to the model based calibration estimator.


Based on the available literature and a review of collections of organisms, a checklist of 69 myriapod species was made for the Colombian Caribbean region; two symphyls, 15 Chilopods, and 52 Diplopods. In total, 20 families (one from Symphyla, five from Chilopoda, and 14 from Diplopoda), from 11 orders (one from Symphyla, three from Chilopoda, and seven from Diplopoda). Each species's geographical range by department, altitud, reference collection, and bibliographic source were included. The presence in Colombian collections of diplopod specimens that are new records of their taxonomic group for the region, such as Chondrodesmus cf. riparius (Chelodesmidae), two species of Fuhrmannodesmidae, three of Paradoxosomatidae and one of Lophoproctidae. Likewise, two species of Scolopendrellidae of the class Symphyla. This demonstrates the urgent need to complete the essential diversity inventories of the main groups of organisms in the face of the alarming environmental deterioration to which the Colombian Caribbean region is subjected.


A series of Al‐doping Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1‐yAlyO2 (y = 0, 0.0001, 0.0002, 0.0003, and 0.0004) electrode materials were prepared via an optimized co‐precipitation method using high‐purity metal sulfates produced by Managem (Morocco), and at low‐synthesis temperature of 750°C. Refinement of the X‐ray diffraction patterns reveals the formation of pure layered oxides with no obvious change in the hexagonal unit‐cell parameters. Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1‐yAlyO2 electrode materials were tested as electrode for lithium‐ion batteries in the voltage range of 2.5 to 4.25 V vs Li+/Li. Discharge capacities of around 160 mAh/g were achieved with an obvious enhancement of the electrochemical performance although the rate of Al‐doping is very small. 0.02% Al‐doping exhibits better coulombic efficiency (98%) and a capacity retention of 98% at the 50th cycle. Safety tests were also investigated for delithiated cathode materials Liy(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1‐yAlyO2 recovered at the end of the charge process. Once again, the composition corresponding to 0.02% Al‐doping shows the best safety parameters compared to the NCM(111) reference material (Tonset = 289°C; ΔH = 738 J/g).


The notion of wave-particle duality may be quantified by the inequality V{sup 2}+K{sup 2}{<=}1, relating interference fringe visibility V, and path knowledge K. With a single-photon interferometer in which polarization is used to label the paths, we have investigated the relation for various situations, including pure, mixed, and partially mixed input states. A quantum-eraser scheme has been realized that recovers interference fringes even when no which way information is available to erase. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.


An electronic-ballast circuit that operates at a 20 kHz resonant frequency with zero voltage switching is described for a metal halide lamp. In order to minimize the switching loss, the ballast employs the zero-voltage switching, scheme in which the switching instants are synchronized with the voltage zero crossing points. For a base driver, self-oscillation is used. The base driver and controller consist of one leg of a transformer, two resistors, and two capacitors, making the ballast more compact, lighter, and more reliable. A prototype ballast for a 175 W metal halide lamp has been fabricated and tested. All the features of the ballast have been verified experimentally.<<ETX>>


The application of electronics has attained a level where humanity cannot do without electronics however, the study of electronics is not without challenges considering the complex and abstract nature of the course. The obsolete teaching/learning facilities and methods in Nigerian universities has been a major challenge for the past four decades, thus resulting to high level of unemployment and lack of industrial and economic development. Various instructional innovations have been introduced in the teaching and learning processes to cushion the complexity and abstractness of electronics engineering programmes with each of the methods having its limitations. This study seeks to explore how a blend of problem and project-based learning could lead to the acquisition of the desired competencies of electronics engineering based on the needs of the 21st century industry and the emerging fourth industrial revolution (4IR). To this effect, various problem and project-based learning features like: problem identification and analysis, information gathering, critical thinking, teamwork, effective communication, leadership and continues learning were visited based on the previous research findings. It was concluded that, the features can produce the desired electronics engineering skills that could meet the needs of the 21st century Industry and the 4IR.


dynamics SUMMARY Achieving sustainable improvements in land administration via development assistance could be considered "a wicked problem". This paper shows how system dynamics and microworlds can be used to gain insights into the dynamics at play, identify possible improvement leverage points of varying powers, and allow potential courses of action to be fully explored and understood, before an aid agency and a partner country commit to an improvement endeavour. An example is shown. It is contended that this approach will engender greater commitment to improvements because they are better understood. This in turn will lead to a greater likelihood of sustainable improvements, thereby increasing aid effectiveness.


This paper introduces several techniques which access Web-based database, and then gives a brief introduction on how to implement an on-line commodity auction system, including design of function structure and database structure.


The restoration of water quality needs to be monitored on the rivers in Indonesia. Land occupation and land conversion are the main problems that have an impact on the handling of water quality in the Muara Gembong area. The research location is located in Muara Gembong District, Bekasi Regency, West Java. Water quality testing in this study was carried out directly in the field using in situ digital measuring instruments including pH, air temperature, DO, TDS, Phosphate, Brightness and Salinity. Meanwhile, the TSS and BOD parameters were tested in the laboratory at the Secretariat of the Indonesian Biodiversity Conservation Unit (IBCU). The results of the Pollution Index showed that the research location was divided into 2 groups, namely moderate pollution Beting Outfall, Bungin Outfall and Upstream), light pollution (Middle Stream, Bendera Outfall, Outfall Bloom and Outfall Herons). The results of PCA analysis with a variance value of 40.8% showed that the location of the study was holistic by BOD value, phosphate content and salinity as environmental parameters that determined environmental conditions.


Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) are special class of lamellar crystal materials. They are used as optical materials in several display devices. The fast switching responses have made them best suited over conventional nematic and chiral nematic systems. Electro‐optic studies have been carried out on silica nano‐particles (SiO2) dispersed FLC mixture in planer aligned sample cells. The effect of temperature and bias field on the switching characteristics of FLC composites were studied and compared. These studies suggest high contrast over undoped system. Our results indicate that the doped FLC composites are promising materials for electro‐optical and liquid crystal display (LCD) devices.


This study aimed to clarify the factors affecting the gaps between two ADL from the sociopsychological point of view. Of the two ADL, one means the ADL which the elderly can do with their actual ability (=Can do ADL), another the ADL which they do actually (=Do do ADL. The subjects were 66 elderly at the age of 65 years or more, and their main caregivers. The results were as follows, 1 In one third of the subjects, the discrepancy was observed between "Can do ADL" and "Do do ADL". The discrepancy was assumed by under or over estimation. 2 All elderly was observed less "Can do ADL" score than "Do do ADL" score, and aproximaly 20% of subjects had 10 points or more lower "Do do ADL" score than "Can do ADL" score. 3 The discrepancy between two ADL score was observed in the elderly who took to traditional gender role affirmatively. "Do do ADL" score was lower than "Can do ADL" score. 4 The elderly who feel pain in motion, or those who experienced such collapse as re-attack, or those who had been cared too much had lower "Do do ADL" score than "Can do ADL" score.


The upper and lower quadrants of flat space-time can be described using the Milne coordinate system. The Klein-Gordon equation of a scalar field in such a coordinate system admits at least two sets of solutions. Based on the Feynman propagator behavior it is shown that only one of the two sets gives the conventional interpretation of quantum field theory, based on a Fock space. Therefore, discarding the other set, one can still keep the Milne coordinate system.


Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA) was prepared by photodimerization of maleic anhydride in capillary microreactors within Taylor flow under UV irradiation. Both inert gas and ultrasound were introduced into this photochemical process to avoid the potential channel clogging resulting from the CBDA deposition. Higher input power of the Hg lamp, lower reactant concentration, longer residence time and smaller inner diameter of the capillary were found to result in higher CBDA yield. The yield of CBDA could reach as high as 66.3% at an actual residence time of 30 min in the capillary microreactor with 0.5 mm inner diameter. According to the analysis of energy conversion, only low effective photoelectric transformation efficiencies could be achieved in this photochemical process. However, the photonic efficiency for this photodimerization carried out in capillary photomicroreactors was much higher compared to batch photoreactors, and was comparable with that for other photochemical transformations u...


This article is a summary of a paper recently published titled "Effect of Staple Strength on Spinning Performance and Yarn Quality of Superfi ne Wools". The fi nal, defi nitive version of this paper has been published in Textile Research Journal, Volume 80 (11), pp 1103-1117, 2010; DOI: 10.1177/0040517509355342 by SAGE Publications Ltd. A processing trial was conducted at CSIRO comparing three batches of 17 μm, superfi ne fl eece wool, collected from auction display samples of lots offered for sale, matched for fi bre properties except staple strength, to give staple strengths of 24, 32 and 43 N/ktex. The three batches were converted to top, then yarns and fi nally woven fabric samples. The main conclusions are: • staple strength infl uences Hauteur and yield in topmaking, • the infl uence of staple strength diminishes beyond topmaking, • in this trial, spinning performance, yarn quality and weaving performance were similar for the 32 and 43 N/ktex batches, with the 24 N/ktex batch recording small, but consistently lower quality and performance results predominately because of the reduced fi bre length of the top, • other research indicates that the reduction in fi bre length in the top using low staple strength wools can be compensated by selecting wools with longer staple length. • profi t margin from topmaking is infl uenced by the choice of raw wool properties and blend makeup.


Aluminum is a widely used fundamental material and is imperative for industrial and economic development. Due to the combination of various properties such as its high strength, light weight, good malleability, and high corrosion resistance (Chen Weiqiang et al.,2012). As a direct result of its outstanding economic performance in recent years, China is now the biggest aluminum user in the world and is becoming the main driver of the overall global aluminum usage (Griswold, 2007). In the meantime, waste management and sustainable products policy, reduction of the primary resource use became the focus points of China. So the secondary aluminum will become an important means of aluminum resource supply security in China. This study focuses not only on the supply and demand of aluminum, but also on the use of aluminum scrap.


The invention discloses a pressure-resisting leakage-prevention pipeline system of a polyethylene-aluminum compound pipe, and belongs to the technical field of compound pipe connecting. The pipeline system comprises an improved polyethylene-aluminum compound pipe and a pipe connecting device matched with the improved polyethylene-aluminum compound pipe and is characterized in that the pipe connecting device internally comprises a conical pipe joint with at least one end matched with the flared end of the improved polyethylene-aluminum compound pipe and a locking nut in threaded connection with the conical pipe joint; by means of a double-conical-seal-face self-locking structure formed in the pipe connecting device, the flared end of the improved polyethylene-aluminum compound pipe is in advanced compressing to form a pressure-resisting leakage-prevention pipeline structure; and the system has the beneficial effects that a spiral self-locking groove in the locking nut is matched with a spiral sealing groove to form the self-locking structure of the compound pipe, loosening of the compound pipe is prevented effectivley, grooves, in the positive direction and the negative direction, in the inner wall of the locking nut and the inner wall of a locking conical sleeve can effectively prevent the locking nut obtained after the whole pipe connecting device is mounted from loosening, and reliability and stability of long-time use of the compound pipe after connection are ensured.


3096 Background: AZD8055 is a dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor with properties that prevent the feedback activation of AKT seen with rapalogues. This is the first-in-man study of AZD8055 to determine the safety, PK and preliminary efficacy of two oral formulations in patients with advanced solid tumours ( NCT00731263 ). Another dual mTORC1/mTORC2 inhibitor, AZD2014, is currently being tested in the clinic.

METHODS
In an open-label, ascending dose study, cohorts of 3 or 6 patients received a single dose of AZD8055 followed 1 week later by continuous, twice-daily dosing. Starting at 10 mg, each subsequent cohort received an increased dose until a non-tolerated dose was reached. The formulation was switched from oral solution to tablet when the tablet became available. Safety and PK data were collected in addition to FDG-PET and RECIST. Modulation of AKT phosphorylation on serine 473 and of 4EBP1 phosphorylation on threonine 37/46 was measured in peripheral tissue after single administration of AZD8055 to confirm proof-of-mechanism.

RESULTS
49 patients (42 evaluable) were dosed in seven cohorts: oral solution; 10, 20, 40 mg BD, tablet; 40, 60, 90, 120 mg BD. Non-tolerated dose was 120 mg BD and so maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 90 mg BD. Dose limiting toxicities of CTC grade 3 transaminases were reported with 40 mg BD solution (n=1), 90 mg BD tablet (n=1), 120 mg BD tablet (n=3). No cases of Hys law were observed. Onset of increased transaminases was typically between day 35 and 45 but there was no clear relationship with plasma concentration of AZD8055. AZD8055 was rapidly absorbed with median tmax of 0.5 h for both single dose (n=49) and steady state (n=36). Elimination was rapid with mean t1/2 of 2.4 h for single dose (SD=1.1, n=49) and 2.7 h for steady state (SD=0.79, n=36). AZD8055 showed a large apparent volume of distribution and high apparent clearance: mean Vss/F 2400L (SD=2062; 90 mg dose, n=11), mean Cl/F 950 L/h (SD=889; 90 mg dose, n=11). Pharmacodynamic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were observed and results will be presented.

CONCLUSIONS
The MTD for AZD8055 is 90 mg BD. Toxicities frequently associated with administration of rapalogues such as rash and mucositis were not dose limiting. Updated data will be presented.


New papers on microbes and the built environment. collected through the Second Fermentation Festival: From Sample to Multi-Omics Conclusions in 48 (…) Here, we applied a novel integrated omics pipeline for the analysis of human and environmental samples in under 48 h. Human subjects that ferment their own foods provided swab samples from skin, feces, oral cavity, fermented foods, and household surfaces to assess the impact of home food fermentation on their microbial and chemical ecology. These samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing, inferred gene function profiles, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) metabolomics through the Qiita, PICRUSt, and GNPS pipelines, respectively. The human sample microbiomes clustered with the corresponding sample types in the American Gut Project (http://www.americangut.org), and the fermented food samples produced a separate cluster. The microbial communities of the household surfaces were primarily sourced from the fermented foods, and their consumption was associated with increased gut microbial diversity. (…) bioremediation strategies have similar applicability in different tourist port areas? The specific aims of the present study were: 1. Definition and comparison of the pollution status of seawater. 2. Comparison of the bacterial communities in seawater. 3. Characterization of the dominant cultivable hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from seawater and sediments. 4. Comparison of the effects of biostimulation treatment on bacterial communities in seawater at laboratory scale. 5. Comparison of the effect of bioaugmentation treatments on PAH degradation in sediments at laboratory scale.


One of the major complication of hypothyroidism is atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Hyperhomocysteinemia is an important and independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Hypothyroidism decreases hepatic
levels of enzymes which converts homocysteine to methionine that leads to increase in homocysteine level in the circulation of hypothyroid individuals.
The aim of the study was to assess fasting total plasma homocysteine level in recently diagnosed hypothyroidism. The study included thirty recently diagnosed hypothyroid individuals, thirty treated hypothyroidism and thirty
apparently healthy subjects with age and sex matched. The study group was selected after obtaining ethical committee clearance and consent from subjects attending outpatient department of Endocrinology, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Thyroid profile, homocysteine and lipid profile were measured in fasting blood samples. Total plasma homocysteine levels was significantly more in recently diagnosed hypothyroidism compared to controls and treated hypothyroidism with p value 0.006. By this study we confirmed hyperhomocysteinemia in hypothyroidism which may lead to atherosclerosis. Hypothyroidism is one of the treatable cause for hyperhomocysteinemia.
Lipid profile was altered in recently diagnosed hypothyroidism. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were high in recently diagnosed hypothyroidism compared to controls and treated
hypothyroidism. Lipid profile was highly significant between the study groups with the p value <0.001 except HDL cholesterol. During treatment with thyroxine hypothyroid patients should be monitored for lipid profile,
total plasma homocysteine levels. In hypothyroidism estimation of total plasma homocysteine level is may be used as screening test to identify and monitor cardiovascular risk.


The invariablenes condition of circle girth of the join-line end of the main pipe was set up and the join-lines on Y-tee to be ellipse was made certain.The formula to calculate the diameter of branch pipes and ellipse girth was given when the diameter of main pipe is known or reverse to resolve,discussed calculation accuracy.Stress concentration region was made certain after calculating by ANSYS from USA.


Convolutional coding with interleaving is frequently employed to obtain low decoded bit error rates in the presence of intermittent interference. It is well-known that the performance of the code is enhanced if the jammed bits are identified and erased. However, this enhancement is substantially reduced if the process of identification is imperfect. In this paper we calculate performance in the presence of both incomplete erasures (jammed bits not erased) and excess erasures (unjammed bits erased). Results are obtained for codes of constraint length seven and rates ¿, ¿, and ¿.


This paper presents a design method for drive circuit system of uncooled infrared detector of ULIS Company. On basis of theoretic analysis of uncooled infrared detector structure and demands for drive circuit, high precision regulated power supply, and second order active filter circuit are adopted to produce high precision, low noise adjustable bias voltage. Dividing frequency through FPGA, digital time sequence signal is produced to ensure the steadily and reliably of the detector. The simulation and test results indicate that the output bias voltage is consistent with the design value, and can ensure stability of the detector.


The general theory of extinction of a-c. arcs is reviewed. The expulsion fuse is stated to depend upon the gas blast produced by rapid decomposition of fuse tube material under the heat of the arc. Comparison of interrupting capacities of a soapstone fuse tube and a fiber fuse tube supports this view. The effectiveness of the gas blast is stated to be due to the high degree of turbulence it introduces into the confined arc space. The theory of the action of such turbulence is discussed. Data are given as to the composition and volume of gas ejected from a fiber fuse tube. The voltage interrupting capacity vs. ampere characteristics as obtained experimentally, are given for a fiber tube, and a boric acid lined tube. The curves for boric acid lie much higher than for fiber. The characteristics were found to depen dvery materially on the number of half cycles of arcing. Reasons are given for the shape of the characteristics, and their dependence on length of arcing time. Data are given showing the effect of variation in size and shape of the tube section. The design problem is discussed of obtaining sufficiently large voltage interrupting capacity at smaller currents without the development of excessive pressures or unmanageably large volumes of flame at large currents. The use of flame suppressors for deionizing the issuing flame is mentioned.


About a century ago, the private boarding school movement began in earnest in the United States. What are today considered among the best, if not the best, boarding schools were founded between 1883 and 1906: Lawrenceville (1883); Groton (1884); Woodbury Forest (1889); Taft (1890); Hotchkiss (1892); Choate (1896); St. George's (1896); Middlesex (1901); Deerfield (1903); and Kent (1906). Other schools launched earlier, were enlarged or their character altered during this quarter century: Phillips Andover (1778); Phillips Exeter (1783); Episcopal (1839); Hill (1851); St. Paul's (1856); and St. Mark's (1865). This is the "select sixteen" identified by E. Digby Baltzell in The Protestant Establishment. Baltzell should know—being a Philadelphia mainliner, a graduate of St. Paul's, and for years professor of sociology at the University of Pennsylvania.


In this work I treat issues related to the mania and the suicidal depressive component, that are often present in severe and chronic drug addiction disorders. I treat these issues through the description of the care project of a cocaine addicted patient with a serious personality disorder. Voluntarily the title of this work evokes a sensorial experience of rejection that a drug addicted patient makes feel to the therapist. That's why at CART we work with patients with whom the topic of distance regulation is fundamental. I believe that the goal of borderline projects like these is precisely to define the limits and to help people to feel with the mind and think with the body.


It is well established that colorectal cancer (CRC) develops
from a series of precursor epithelial polyps [1], which include
conventional adenomas, incorporating tubular adenomas and
villous/tubulovillous adenomas...


Objective The purpose of the study is to review our experience with patients over 80 years of age with end stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Design The records of all patients over 80 years of age treated in our unit with CAPD since 1979 were reviewed. Setting Outpatient CAPD facility. Patients Eighteen patients over 80 years of age were identified and studied. Main Outcome Measures The duration of CAPD therapy, duration of CAPD training, mortality rate, hospitalization rate, peritonitis rate, and family assessment were reviewed and analyzed. Results The mean ± SD duration of therapy was 20±17 months. Nine patients expired, 3 transferred to hemodialysis, 1 recovered renal function, and 5 remained on CAPD therapy. Peritonitis rates were 1.7 episodes/patient year. Of the organisms causing peritonitis, 56% were gram-positive bacteria. The average hospitalization rate was 13.9 days/patient year. The most frequent causes of hospitalization were peritonitis and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion CAPD therapy is a reasonable therapeutic option for patients with end-stage renal disease over 80 years of age.


Significance Erythritol is a preferential substrate for Brucella, a common zoonotic bacterial pathogen. This four-carbon polyol is found in the reproductive organs of several affected species, a feature that may account for the characteristic viscerotropism of Brucella that leads to sterility and abortion. Although described previously as feeding glycolysis via dihydroxyacetone-phosphate, we show here that erythritol is actually converted into D-erythrose-4-phosphate through a hitherto undescribed set of reactions that involves three isomerases and that allows hexose-monophosphate synthesis and growth by feeding the pentose phosphate shunt. Elucidation of this unique carbohydrate pathway, which also applies to the Rhizobiales plant endosymbionts, opens the way for further research on the metabolic adaptation of an important facultative intracellular pathogen to target organs. Erythritol is an important nutrient for several α-2 Proteobacteria, including N2-fixing plant endosymbionts and Brucella, a worldwide pathogen that finds this four-carbon polyol in genital tissues. Erythritol metabolism involves phosphorylation to l-erythritol-4-phosphate by the kinase EryA and oxidation of the latter to l-3-tetrulose 4-phosphate by the dehydrogenase EryB. It is accepted that further steps involve oxidation by the putative dehydrogenase EryC and subsequent decarboxylation to yield triose-phosphates. Accordingly, growth on erythritol as the sole C source should require aldolase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase to produce essential hexose-6-monophosphate. However, we observed that a mutant devoid of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases grew normally on erythritol and that EryC, which was assumed to be a dehydrogenase, actually belongs to the xylose isomerase superfamily. Moreover, we found that TpiA2 and RpiB, distant homologs of triose phosphate isomerase and ribose 5-phosphate isomerase B, were necessary, as previously shown for Rhizobium. By using purified recombinant enzymes, we demonstrated that l-3-tetrulose-4-phosphate was converted to d-erythrose 4-phosphate through three previously unknown isomerization reactions catalyzed by EryC (tetrulose-4-phosphate racemase), TpiA2 (d-3-tetrulose-4-phosphate isomerase; renamed EryH), and RpiB (d-erythrose-4-phosphate isomerase; renamed EryI), a pathway fully consistent with the isotopomer distribution of the erythrose-4-phosphate-derived amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine obtained from bacteria grown on 13C-labeled erythritol. d-Erythrose-4-phosphate is then converted by enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate, thus bypassing fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. This is the first description to our knowledge of a route feeding carbohydrate metabolism exclusively via d-erythrose 4-phosphate, a pathway that may provide clues to the preferential metabolism of erythritol by Brucella and its role in pathogenicity.


Although there is considerable evidence of the importance of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the chemical processes in voluntary muscle, no adequate studies of the metabolism of these substances in patients with muscular disease have heretofore been made. In the present investigation the metabolism of these minerals was studied in 4 patients. There were 2 patients with progressive muscular dystrophy, 1 with myotonia atrophica and 1 with familial periodic paralysis. In addition, the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus was investigated in another patient with myotonia atrophica, but the studies were not as extensive. Since the findings are in essential agreement with those on the other patient with this condition, they are not included in this report. METHODS The patients were kept in a special metabolism ward where careful collections of urine and feces could be made and where the diets were rigorously supervised. The mineral balance, for different levels of


The athletes are a special group of people, who are the main one of competitive sports .Their ideals and beliefs, spirit and values have played an important role of our athletic sports development. Based on the current target -" a comprehensive well-off, building a new Jiangsu" and the goal of building prosperitive sports , the paper expresses the importance of the ideological and political work in the new situation , made some recommendations and with a view to create better work of athletes ideological and political in the new situation.


A 38-year-old male snake handler presented with pain, nausea and vomiting following envenomation by his pet Eastern Tiger Snake (Notechis scutatus). Background medical history was significant for depression, for which he took Venlafaxine XR 225 mg daily, and alcohol misuse. At presentation, the patient had a pulse rate of 120 b.p.m., blood pressure of 208/110 mmHg and was apyrexial, euvolaemic, without any obvious dermatological or neurological signs or symptoms. Initial investigations included haemoglobin 155 g/L (reference range (RR) 130–180 g/L), platelets 209 10/L (RR 120–250 10/L), international normalised ratio (INR) 1.3, fibrinogen 1.5 g/L (RR 1.7– 4.5 g/L), D-dimer >128 mg/L (RR 0.02–0.49 mg/L), creatinine 100 μmol/L (RR 60–100 μmol/L), haptoglobin of 1.05 g/L (RR 0.36–1.95 g/L) and creatinine kinase 856 units/L (RR 46–171 units/L). Complement concentrations and ADMATS-13 were within the normal range. Urinalysis demonstrated microscopic haematuria without proteinuria. Stool analysis was not performed. Treatment with one vial of tiger snake antivenom was initiated within 1.5 h of presentation. The patient was managed supportively with intravenous fluid and analgesia. The venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC) quickly normalised; however, the classic constellation of acute kidney injury (AKI), microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia with schistocytosis, and thrombocytopenia developed, leading to a diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)-associated oliguric AKI. The TMA progressed (Fig. 1) with a platelet nadir of 10 10/L occurring on Day 4 and a haemoglobin nadir


The article discusses the heat content change of the melt during crystallization of sapphire by horizontal directed crystallization. Is brought that the behavior of the heater power in crystallization process it is possible to judge character of growth of a crystal and about its quality.


The purpose of the US Air force Directorate of Management Sciences is to provide a source of operations research expertise for the Headquarters, Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC). Eight projects of the Directorate are briefly reviewed. The projects discussed are: the development of an aircraft availability model; the weapons system management information system; depot repair/modification funding allocation; engine pipeline analysis; combat databases; modeling reliability and maintainability improvements; evaluation of aircraft spare parts forecasting techniques; and development of an aircraft availability maintenance model.<<ETX>>


Sulfones and streptomycin are the first therapeutic agents to provide encouraging results in the management of previously fatal forms of tuberculosis. Since 1944, "promizole" (4,2′-diaminophenyl-5′-thiazolyl sulfone) has been used in the Chest Clinic of the Children's Medical Service, Bellevue Hospital.1The use of "promizole' 'in miliary tuberculosis has produced encouraging results. Of 7 patients treated for more than a month, 5 are living and well. Three of these patients have been followed more than three years with no recurrence of the disease and no new manifestations of hematogenous dissemination. However, treatment of tuberculous meningitis with "promizole" alone was unsuccessful. Five successive patients died six to twenty-five days after treatment was begun, and pathologic examination of the brains in 2 cases showed no demonstrable retardation of the disease. Cooke, Dunphy and Blake2were the first to report the use of streptomycin intrathecally in human tuberculous meningitis. The patient, an


Because of complex scattering mechanism between the target and the runway, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) raw data generation and image simulation for the aircraft standing on the runway is a difficult thing. In this work, a new procedure is proposed to deal with this problem. Major scattered field from both the aircraft and the runway are calculated, meanwhile, multipath scattering and the shadowing between the aircraft and the runway are also considered explicitly. Simulating results demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the procedure.


The change of canopy spectral reflectance under different cultivars,different growth stages and varied nitrogen rates were investigated by characterizing canopy multispectral and hyperspectral reflectance in wheat.The results showed that the canopy reflectance differed with cultivars,with significant change at near infrared bands.Reflectance at visible light initially decreased and then increased with growth progress after jointing,with the lowest value appeared at booting.Reflectance increased and reflectance peak also disappeared gradually in course of leaf yellowing.However,reflectance in near infrared had opposite trend,which initially increased and then decreased to the lowest from anthesis to maturity.Reflectance at near infrared reflected flat(750~1300 nm)increased with increasing nitrogen supply,whereas reflectance at visible band decreased,and green peak and red edge position of canopy reflectance spectra also moved to direction of blue light(short wavelength) and red light(long wavelength),respectively.These results provide background information for monitoring of growth characters and nitrogen status with canopy reflectance spectra in wheat.


Abstract—This paper presents the experimental results of discharge current phenomena on various humidity, temperature, pressure and pollutant conditions of epoxy resin specimen. The leakage distance of specimen was 3 cm, that it was supplied by high voltage. The polluted condition was given with NaCl artificial pollutant. The conducted measurements were discharge current and applied voltage. The specimen was put in a hermetically sealed chamber, and the current waveforms were analyzed with FFT. The result indicated that on discharge condition, the fifth harmonics still had dominant, rather than third one. The third harmonics tent to be appeared on low pressure heavily polluted condition, and followed by high humidity heavily polluted condition. On the heavily polluted specimen, the peaks discharge current points would be high and more frequent. Nevertheless, the specimen still had capacitive property. Besides that, usually discharge current points were more frequent. The influence of low pressure was still dominant to be easier to discharge. The non-linear property would be appear explicitly on low pressure and heavily polluted condition.


Abstract The rationale behind the current WESTPAC 1983–1986 oceanographic proposal is briefly summarised. Its importance to many sections of the scientific community is emphasised. The tide-gauge part of the work, and its instrumentation, is of direct potential relevance in the fields of geodesy, surveying and hydrography, as well as Australian meteorology.


October, 2014: The author notes that the statistical approaches used to analyze the data in this thesis were demonstrated to be inappropriate during peer review, and so conclusions reached about those data may be not be valid. As such, the author strongly encourages readers to consult the published articles linked to above, (Bajcz, Alex W., "Reproductive ecophysiology of Rubus occidentalis in southeastern Michigan I. A survey of tolerance ranges" Rhodora 116(967):249-266, 2014. and Bajcz, Alex W. "Reproductive ecophysiology of Rubus occidentalis in southeastern Michigan II. Variation in fruit characteristics relates to light and soil conditions" Rhodora 116(967):267-282, 2014.) as they use more appropriate statistics to analyze the same data.


The self-association properties of two 2,2′-bipyridine derivatives, 4,4′-bis(2-pyren-1-yl-ethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine (PBP) and 4,4′-bis[2-(9-anthryl)ethyl]-2,2′-bipyridine (ABA), in water-saturated solvents were studied as models for petroleum asphaltenes. 1H NMR spectroscopy titration experiments in chloroform established that both compounds self-associate in solution. The addition of water (ranging from 0.43 to 0.86 g/L) increased the thermal stability and the aggregation behavior of PBP and ABA at low concentration (3.06 × 10−4 and 1.28 × 10−3 M, respectively). The chemical shift, line-width, and spin−spin (T2) relaxation time of water protons in these solutions showed that the O−H···N hydrogen bonds between the pyridyl nitrogens of PBP/ABA and water were responsible for their aggregation at low concentration, although FTIR spectroscopy suggested that the H-bond between PBP and water was relatively weak. The solubility of water in PBP solutions showed that the number of water molecules per PBP molecule var...


It is critical to make full use of seismic data in offshore petroleum exploration when well data are relatively scarce.Stochastic pre-stack seismic inversion is a kind of technique that integrates pre-stack AVA synchronous inversion with stochastic modeling.It can not only reflect the stochastic features of subsurface geologic parameters,but make full use of the geologic information associated with reservoir heterogeneity in pre-stack seismic data.Several prediction results with equal probability can be obtained for various elastic parameters.These results accord with the geostatistical features of the inputs as well as being under the constraint of geologic models,thus realizing true integration of the high vertical resolution of logging data with the high lateral resolution of seismic data.Based on the geologic knowledge in the L Gas Field in South China Sea,geologic,logging and two stacked seismic data volumes are integrated to generate a series of rock elastic parameters through stochastic pre-stack inversion,including high resolution P-wave impedance,Vp/Vs ratio,density,poison ratio,and Lame constant.In addition,other data volumes of reservoir lithologies(sandstone,mudstone,etc.) and reservoir physical qualities(porosity,water saturation,etc.) are also directly obtained.The spatial distribution of reservoirs is directly displayed.The thin sandbodies and interbedded sandstones and mudstones are clearly mapped.All those above lay a robust foundation for the prediction of sedimentary microfacies and reservoir heterogeneity as well as for the appraisal of development risk.


Critical National Infrastructure (CNI) within Oman is becoming Inter-independent to each other, aiming to provide unified and faultless services from the perspective of economics, quality, and governance. The new structure of interconnectivity between the CNI organizations has allowed sharing critical factors in benefiting from other CNI resources and services. Since this interconnectivity has permitted services and system to be more communicative and accessible via the internet, this has allowed some of the cyber threats to create a challenge to secure. Allowing such services to be available via the internet will also add to the fact that this services would be vulnerable to a variety of existing attacks.The latest global events related to Cyberterrorist attacks, have shown to the world how serious this matter. In this article, we present a systematic approach after reviewing existing papers to building resilient cyber security networked systems. We first study fundamental elements of cyber security, cyberspace, CNI and its impact. Then we used qualitative methodology and case studies methods for better understanding the global incidents. This understanding drives the organizations of a distributed multilevel architecture that lets the network defend itself against, detect, and dynamically respond to upcoming challenges. The recent attacks like operation petrol besides financial sector attacks in Oman shown the vulnerability of CNI system. In this case, we take the bank Muscat Visa attack as an example where they have announced that there visa credit card have been violated and a group of hackers compromised the system. To have better control and to handle on this matter, the management of such incidents should have been treated by a Cyber Center, who is well equipped and trained to International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 9 , No. 3, March, 2019, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2019 HRMARS 1182 handle this type of events. This paper proposes an innovative Cyber Security based approach for National Infrastructure Resiliency for Sultanate of Oman which can be used as a framework of initiating National Cyber Security Centre aiming to monitor and control the CNI cyber threats and increase the awareness and readiness within the related organization based on many published article and study in this field. Finally, this paper opens the door to establish this type of center in the country in addition to offers future research directions to develop and implement a new and useful technique in the field.


This paper situates paradigm talk with its insistence on multiplicities and proliferations in tension with a resurgent positivism and governmental imposition of experimental design as the gold standard in research methods. Using the concept of 'coloring epistemologies' as an index of such tensions, the essay argues for proliferation as an ontological and historical claim. What all of this might mean in the teaching of research in education is dealt with in a delineation of five aporias that are fruitful in helping students work against technical thought and method: aporias of objectivity, complicity, difference, interpretation, and legitimization. The essay concludes with a 'disjunctive affirmation' of multiple ways of going about educational research in terms of finding our way into a less comfortable social science full of stuck places and difficult philosophical issues of truth, interpretation and responsibility.


One of the most serious problems related to Brazilian society is the urban violence with many sides and many forms; it invades our social spaces and modifies people's way of life. A phenomenon that confirms this picture is the existence of "gangs of young people". They are generally formed by adults and adolescents from the highest classes of the society united to practice the most violent acts against people and properties. News from the media says that the phenomenon has something in common with young people's behavior and one of these behaviors is the systematic practice of martial arts. So, this study aims to investigate the forms of social interaction of the practicers of martial arts. From this perspective, data will be collected so that urban violence may be mapped through the analysis of police archives and wit a structured interview with these practicers to verify if there is a relation between these two variables, besides observing in loco to see if there is a unification between the instructor and the practicers in terms of language and behavior. We understand that data collection will allow the structure of intervention proposals based on interdisciplinary strategies, principally in sociological and psychological areas.


(6R)-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin(R-THBP) is widely known as a cofactor for aromatic amino acid monooxygenases. Recently, it has been shown that RTHBP is produced in a large amount in macrophages treated with endotoxins or cytokines and acts as a cofactor for nitric oxide (NO) synthase. Not only in macrophages but also in brain, N O is produced from L-arginine; the reaction is catalyzed by N O synthase. N O activates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and many of the messages of N O effects are mediated by cyclic G M R In macrophages activated by endotoxins and cytokines, N O synthase activity is regulated by R-THBP, but not by Ca 2 + and calmodulin (Ca 2 + / CaM), whereas in brain the enzyme requires Ca 2 + / CaM, but not R-THBP for its activation (1, 2). To date, the issue of requirement of R-THBP for NOS activity in the brain has not been elucidated.