Today's society is transforming into a mobile network society, which is the trend of social development. When this social trend gradually becomes a habit in people's lives, since entering the 21st century, mobile network learning is such a typical social trend. In this century, science and technology are constantly advancing and developing. With the continuous improvement of information technology and network technology, more and more people are integrated into education. The network has gradually become a powerful resource for students to learn independently, as well as an important means and method for both teaching and learning. Network has become an indispensable means of learning for students. Knowledge is far more important than power as a strategic resource. Today's Internet is built on the basis of knowledge, centered on a variety of core knowledge, and the most important knowledge of science, technology and finance today. Compared with the social core of a hundred years ago, the social structure has undergone tremendous changes, which has brought about the transformation of educational resources and learning methods. Mobility, however, has become an increasingly prominent feature of the world. Hand held mobile devices, such as digital mobile phones, PDAs, iPads, tablets, and so on, are available for us to access, process and send messages everywhere, and perform communication everywhere, share information everywhere, and taking advantage of this opportunity, mobile intelligent terminal devices and wireless network are relied on to carry out educational activities, transfer the value of knowledge, and realize human learning in infinite space, As the carrier of presenting learning resources, human-computer interaction and social cognition construction, mobile learning plays a fundamental and supporting role in today's learning. The role of mobile learning, the location and function of learning directly affect the paradigm and effect. 1. Mobile Network Education Mobile network education refers to the education implemented through the network in a mobile learning place or using mobile learning tools. Compared with the education implemented in a fixed learning place (which can be called fixed education), Mobile network education is characterized by mobility, flexibility and convenience. Throughout the history of human education, in fact, it is also a mutual promotion between mobile education and fixed education. The history of human mobile education can be divided into five generations: the first generation of mobile education refers to the education carried out through the teaching of words and deeds in the primitive labor. The second generation of mobile education refers to the use of printed books and correspondence courses. The third generation of mobile education refers to the use of wireless broadcasting and "Walkman" education. The fourth generation of mobile education refers to the use of television and video DVDVCD and the implementation of the education. Education refers to the use of wireless networks and mobile information tools, such as mobile phones, Palmtop Computer, electronic schoolbag, etc. At present, "mobile education" is usually referred to as "mobile education". In the future, mobile learning tools will have higher intelligence and more integration, and mobile education will be more convenient, diverse and efficient. 2018 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities (SSAH 2018) Copyright © (2018) Francis Academic Press, UK 624 2. The Influence of Mobile Network Science on Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities With the openness and convenience of the mobile Internet, many college students can quickly find all kinds of open or internal, real or false information through the mobile phone they carry with them, so that they can no longer easily accept the blindly instilled by traditional ideological and political educators in colleges and universities. If the content taught by a teacher is not sufficiently persuasive or sensitive to new things, students will have doubts about what the teacher teaches, thereby affecting the authority of the teacher. They are more willing to learn on their own. However, due to the lack of sensitivity to accepting new things and various pressures such as work and life, educators are slow to accept the mobile Internet under limited energy and cannot adapt to the changes in the educational environment in time. Often in the situation of information inferiority, and there are weak awareness of technology, technical level is poor and other deficiencies. The openness of the mobile Internet makes it easier and easier for college students to understand the cultural traditions, ideas, religious beliefs, and lifestyles of different countries. This inevitably affects the already immature values and outlook on life of college students. In particular, the information pollution created by Western countries in the process of cultural colonization with deliberate and ulterior motives will further impact the values and outlook on life of college students. In addition, in the process of commercialization of the mobile Internet, in the business atmosphere of profit seeking, All kinds of online virtual games full of violence, pornography, superstition, inciting hype, refocusing on headlines, psychological cues, etc., can be caused by the existence of the value chain Stop the appearance and renewal, how can not affect the values and outlook on life of college students. From a technical point of view, the mobile Internet is the combination of mobile communication devices and the Internet. It has greater freedom of information dissemination and more sources. It may come from mobile phone users or from the traditional Internet. It is more likely to come from information suppliers. Technically, it will be much more difficult to regulate mobile Internet information than the traditional Internet with IP address terminals. At present, when the regulatory technology is not mature, the country, the society has weak supervision over the mobile internet, a new type of network media. Moreover, in the mobile internet environment, the real society and the network society are more closely linked, more exchanges, more problems, the network management Therefore, the uncontrollable of network security and its openness will inevitably increase the complexity of ideological and political education work environment. With the use of the mobile Internet, teachers can view and collect multimedia resources related to ideological and political education, such as sound, video and video, anytime and anywhere through the network, making ideological and political education from plane to three-dimensional. From static to dynamic, so as to enhance the interaction, interest and appeal of college students' ideological and political education. College students can also search for what they need through the mobile network, not only can they not be limited by time and place, you can also browse online and download expert lectures and lectures in the field of ideology and politics quickly. The traditional contents of ideological and political education are mostly confined to the cultivation of students' political literacy and ideological character. Therefore, most of the educational contents are characterized by high stylistic orientation, general and lack of pertinence, which leads to the lack of new ideas and appeal of ideological and political education. Students are not interested. In view of this situation, ideological and political educators should make full use of multimedia resources such as sound, video and video of the mobile Internet, and aim at the hot and focused issues of concern to college students, from ideological, political, moral, legal and disciplinary issues. This paper analyzes the psychological aspects and combines the contents of college students' study, employment, making friends, psychological counseling, legal aid, and so on, to dig deeply into the ideas in the study, employment, making friends, psychological counseling, and legal aid and so on. The connotation of political education attracts the interest of college students and provides service for them. The mobile characteristics of the mobile Internet, so that university education no longer have to be limited by a fixed limited space and time, such as a specific time, a specific classroom, as long as there is a mobile phone signal, mobile teaching can be achieved at any time, instant


The purpose of this study was examined the factor structure of the sport organizational personality and classified the type of organizational personality using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI)`s classification scheme. For this purpose, 272 employees belonged to a variety of sport organizations rated their own organizational personality using thirty-one items for Organizational Personality Type Indicator(OPTI). By a common factor analysis, four factors were extracted to measure the sport organizational personality: Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, and Judging-Perceiving. It was concluded the MBTI`s classification scheme can be used in the area of sport organizational diagnosis and development as well as the area of general organizational personality. Based on these results, follower analysis was performed whether the organizational personality types classified by the OPTI are different across the goal and function of the different sport organizations. The results of analysis indicated the sport organizational personality type was different by the unique function of the organization. These findings were discussed relating to future research directions and implications.


The views and comments contained in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) nor do they officially commit UNIDO to any particular course of action. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of company names and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of UNIDO.


The pot experiment was conducted at the Floriculture field of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during August 2020 to May 2021 to evaluate the foliar spray of gibberellic acid (GA3), benzyl adenine (BA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on growth and flowering traits of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Four weeks old seedlings of chrysanthemum genotype CM-019 (flower class: Pompon and flower colour: Orange yellow) were transplanted in pot keeping under natural sunlight. The aqueous solution of GA3, BA and NAA @ 100 and 200 ppm of each were sprayed on the flower plants at monthly interval starting after one month of transplantation of seedlings along with control (water). The results revealed that vegetative growth and flowering parameters were significantly influenced by plant growth regulators. Maximum number of leaves per plant (50.0) and leaf area per plant (7.5 cm2) were recorded from the spraying of BA @ 100 ppm closely followed by BA @ 200 ppm (48.0 and 7.0 cm2/plant) and GA3 @ 100 ppm only for number of leaves (47.0/plant). Spraying of GA3 @ 100 ppm produced the tallest plant (70.0 cm) and the highest plant spread (23.0 cm). Number of flowers (26.0/plant), flower size (7.8 cm), average weight of stalk (37.0 g) and vase life (15.0 days) were also found maximum from the application of GA3 @ 100 ppm, closely followed by GA3 @ 200 ppm (23.5/plant, 7.2 cm, 36.0 g, 14.0 days) and NAA @ 100 ppm (18.5/plant, 7.0 cm, 36.0 g, 13.0 days) and irrespective of concentrations, BA failed to improve these characters. GA3 @ 100 ppm recorded maximum length of stalk (37.5 cm) and rachis (29.0 cm), which was identical with GA3 @ 200 ppm (34.6 cm and 25.0 cm), and BA @ 100 ppm gave the lowest length of stalk and rachis. GA3 also caused faster initiation of flowering, whereas NAA and BA delayed it. GA3 @ 100 ppm took the minimum days to flowering (50.0 days) was observed when plants were sprayed with GA3 @ 100 ppm whereas it was maximum (69 days) from BA @ 100 ppm treatment. It can be concluded that GA3 @ 100 ppm provided the best results for obtaining better vegetative growth of plants, maximum number of cut blooms with longer stalk as well as bigger flower size with prolonged vase life in chrysanthemum.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 47(1): 69-80, March 2022


The aim of this study was to determine if the executive functions of working memory (WM) and inhibition are constituted as differential markers of arithmetic and problem solving difficulties at schooling beginning. The sample consisted of 208 kindergarteners aged 5 to 6 years (mean age = 70.17 months; SD = 3.51; 47.6% girls and 52.4% boys). Different executive functioning neuropsychological tasks were administered to assess visual and auditory inhibition, and verbal and viso-spatial WM. Participants were categorized into 4 groups based on their performance in the arithmetic and problem solving subtests of TEDI-MATH (Gregoire, Noel, and Van Nieuwenhoven, 2005): initial arithmetic difficulties (AD, n = 17) ; initial problem solving difficulties (PSD, n = 13); initial difficulties in both domains (AD + PSD, n = 20) and average performance (AP, n= 158). Results revealed a worse functioning of AD + PSD group in all tasks of inhibition and verbal WM compared to the AP group. Analysis also showed greater impairment of the AD group in visual inhibition and the PSD group in verbal WM in comparison with children without math problems. The task of auditory inhibition is the only one able to discriminate between DC + DRP group and children with difficulties in a single domain. No differences were found in the viso-spatial WM tasks. The implications of these findings for research and psychoeducational practice are discussed.


An electroless gold plating process was investigated for the metallization of an electropun PAN fibre by utilizing a non-cyanide based gold complex i.e. gold thiosulfate. Prior to metallization the PAN fibers surface was activated and sensitized by the conventional method of treating a fiber surface with Sn2+/Pd2+ followed by the nickel deposition. The surface morphology of the metalized fiber was examined via FESEM and the image metrology software SPIP. The hydrophobic characteristics of the metalized fibre were also investigated, which shows the significant increase in the contact angle after the metallization of fibers.


In recent years, there is an increasing focus on three Dimensional (3D) Technology in medical field. The article summarizes the progress of 3D printing technology such as medical models, implantable prosthetics, biological engineering, est., analysis application and effects of 3D technology abiding by the characteristics of clinical medical education. Considering the situation of domestic medical education, therefore, it points out that it is of broad application prospects and great practical significance to develop 3D medical education due to establishing a harmonious teaching environment, providing simulated clinical practice opportunities, activating the brain proportionately and stimulating students learning enthusiasm.

Key words:
3D technology; Medical simulation education; Medical education innovation; Medical talents cultivation


The MOHAVE 2009 campaign took place at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Table Mountain Facility on October 11-27, 2009. This campaign allowed a thorough evaluation of the JPL Raman Lidar measurements throughout the troposphere (ground to 20 km). Simultaneous and ozone measurements from the JPL co-located tropospheric and stratospheric ozone lidars allowed to study the relationship between ozone and water vapor up to 14-15 km at very short time scales.


The book studies iberism in its literary and political aspects in modem Catalonia. The author insists on the importance of this ideological current in the Spanish refonnism thought. He links this fact with the way as Spanish modem state was fonned from the institutions and the language of Castile. The modern catalan iberism is relationated with the modern catalanism in the early twenty century. It had a great importance in the definitive development of local iberism the roll played by the catalan national poet Joan Maragall.


2 Foreword This consensus statement frames quality in the public health system. It is intended to serve as principles to enhance and guide goals of existing and future programs that promote quality. The consensus statement was developed by the Public Health Quality Forum (PHQF). Organized under my the direction as the Assistant Secretary for Health (ASH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the PHQF is stimulating a national movement for coordinated quality improvement efforts across all levels in the public health system. The motivating factor for convening the PHQF was to establish a venue where characteristics of and a system for quality in public health could be framed at a macro-level. This is consistent with the role of the ASH for providing leadership to the Nation on public health and science. I embrace this function and demonstrate that responsibility through this initiative. Providing a national framework for quality will facilitate consistent implementation of quality improvement processes in every day public health practices. The tools provided are designed to support current and future quality improvement efforts by providing system-level leadership in defining characteristics of quality in the system. The characteristics promote strategic decision-making and resource allocations to focus attention on the development of concentrated efforts to improve quality and ultimately improve population health outcomes. Quality must be a value-adding function. The preferred application is to embed these concepts into daily value-adding practices to ensure the emergence of a culture of quality throughout the public health system. Flowing from this should be greater emphasis on research-based evidence to identify quality public health practices. Policymakers must also embrace quality concepts in the initiation of new policies and the modification and evaluation of existing ones. Ideally, a public health system containing such a coordinated quality movement at all levels will facilitate measuring improvements and result in adding value for the Nation. Executive Director of the PHQF. The initial meeting of the PHQF was held in May 2008 and work is intended to be an ongoing process in the Office of the ASH. Members of the PHQF and the Federal agencies that they represent are provided in Appendix A. System partners that participated in this process through presentations and reviews are also noted in Appendix A. The HHS Public Health Systems Working Group, chaired by Peggy Honoré, DHA, participated in the process by providing input into the design of this system for public …


How should contractualists assess the permissibility of risky actions? Both main views on the question, ex ante and ex post, fail to distinguish between different kinds of risk. In this article, I argue that this overlooks a third alternative that I call "objective ex ante contractualism". Objective ex ante substitutes discounting complaints by epistemic risk in favor of discounting by objective risk. I further argue in favor of this new view. Objective ex ante contractualism provides the best model of justifiability to each.


The importance of wine tourism is growing, both in the world and in our country. According to the number of registered wineries, the Srem wine-growing region is the largest in Serbia. Tourists traveling for wine tourism list wine tasting and introduction to the process of wine production, bottling and storage as their main motives. In addition to the above, wine lovers have the desire to spend quality time together in a natural environment. Marketing activities, which are undertaken for the promotion of wine tourism, are different. The promotion is performed by wineries, tourist organizations and travel agencies. In order to gain insight into the ways of promoting wine tourism in Srem, a short survey was conducted on two occasions, in 2013 and 2020. The survey was conducted in tourist organizations and tourist agencies, which operate in the territory of Srem. Potential tourists most often rely on the Internet, when choosing new destinations. Wine tourism research around the world has evolved from conceptual and case studies, to more comprehensive and extensive research (Carlsen & Charters, 2006). The aim of this paper is to present through SWOT analysis the strengths and opportunities that can contribute to the development of wine tourism in Srem, and on the other hand, identify weaknesses and threats. With the help of the TOWS matrix, strategies have been defined, the application of which could improve wine tourism in Srem.


Single event gate rupture (SEGR) testing on a deep trench oxide capacitor used for the reduction of single event upsets (SEU) in a 90 nm bulk complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology indicates that SEGR was not detected.


The purpose of this research is to know the result of large production loss, to analyze the probability and impacts of lost production at post harvest process of the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) paml oil from on land until to palm oil factory (POF). Research was done by survey at Pagaruyung Village. Data were collected from 30 small-holders palm oil farmers using purposive sampling. Analysis of the results obtained shows that the loss of production the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) palm oil in post harvest process as 4,91 percent/2ha/month, that loss of production at land as 0.93 percent, at TPH ( FFB raw ) as 0.36 percent, at TPH (FFB) as 0.36 percent and at palm oil factory (Sorting plant process) as 2.93 percent. Probability of the loss production at land as 25.18 percent, at TPH (FFB raw and FFB) as 23.18 percent and 23.24 percent, at palm oil factory (sorting plant process) as 18.79 percent. The impact of the losses arising from the loss of post-harvest TBS is Rp 190.137,97/2ha/month and if combined for one year will reach Rp 2.281.655,60.


Transient hypothyroidism was observed in 5 children aged 6 to 14 years with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. In two cases, all thyroid function tests showed definite hypothyroid status and returned to normal range within a few months. The titer of thyroid autoantibodies did not change in these periods. In another two cases, the blood thyroid hormone levels were found to be lowest at the first examination and became normal within one or two months. In one more case, thyroid function tests were found to be hypothyroid range at 9 years of age during the course of the disease from 3 years of age and she was supplemented with desiccated thyroid only for six months. Thereafter she has remained in euthyroid status. It is suggested that transient hypothyroidism might be a common finding in girls suffering from chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. The pathogenesis remains obscure.


Thermal-Hydraulic Test Facility (THTF) Test 3.05.5B was conducted by members of the ORNL PWR Blowdown Heat Transfer Separate-Effects Program on July 3, 1980. The objective of the program is to investigate heat transfer phenomena believed to occur in PWRs during accidents, including small and large break loss-of-coolant accidents. Test 3.05.5B was designed to provide transient thermal-hydraulics data in rod bundle geometry under reactor accident-type conditions. Reduced instrument responses are presented. Also included are uncertainties in the instrument responses, calculated mass flows, and calculated rod powers.


Network object, interface object, logic object and virtual object registry are the building blocks for distributed object technologies (DOT). Their common goal is to provide a consistent user interface to access heterogeneous network data in a collaborative computing environment. The paper introduces the basic architecture for different components of the DOT and addresses future challenges.


To have totally independent systems that offer a sufficient security scheme has become a necessity in Colombia, this because of the proliferation of IoT type systems and similar; In general, it is required to make stand-alone systems totally independent and distributed to offer users a solution to this need, this work offers the analysis and comparison of two security schemes type digital signature and/or hardware security module (HSM) and its variations, made on embedded platforms type microcontroller software, which shows the strategy to provide information protection, In addition, it is analyzed how each implementation was executed, in which devices and metrics of interest, in the first application the cryptography schemes were made using a deep programming that describes the algorithms in C++ language and in the second implementation the use of the dedicated hardware that the embedded platform type microcontroller had is detailed; In both cases, solutions with an acceptable throughput were generated, allowing to obtain comparable solutions and the same style as those made in a PC or similar hardware. On the other hand, an exhaustive review of this type of solutions in the country-region was made, in order to have a reference as to the possible use of this type of applications.


Present structural and materials laboratory practice uses transducers (linear variable differential transducers- LVDTs or dial gauges) in determining the displacement of beams. As such displacements can only be measured at points where transducers are fixed and in many cases would be limited. Displacements at any other points, if desired, would be obtained by calculations. This study highlighted the use of photogrammetric multiple images matching technique to measure the vertical displacements. Laboratory experiments involving load test on concrete structures were performed. Validation of the results was done by means of comparing the photogrammetric output against those obtained from the LVDTs. Statistics have shown that the differences in displacements between the two methods are not significant.


When patients are admitted to the hospital with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis or Crohn colitis, attempts often are made to treat them medically


DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTI), including 5-azacytidine and 5-aza-2′- deoxycytidine, are a new class of epigenetic drug, which exhibit higher response rates in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Cell differentiation agent (CDA-2) is a kind of urine extracts, which contains several DNMTIs. A phase IV clinical trials for MDS showed total response rate is 69.22%. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of CDA-2 on MDS using high-risk MDS cell line namely MuTz-1. MTT assay results showed that CDA-2 significantly inhibit the cell growth at a dose and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometer anlyasis showed that this growth inhibition was remarkblely associated with cycle arrest in G 1 -phase, but not associated with apoptosis. In addition, CDA-2 increased the expression of CD11b/CD14, a pair markers representing cell differentiation. we found the spectrum of hypermethylated tumor suppressor genes (TIMP3, CDKN2B, CHFR, CD44, RASSF1, TP73, IGSF4, CDH13 and DAPK) in MuTz-1 cells by Methylation-Specific Multiplex ligation-dependent Probe amplification (MS-MLPA), but the hypermethylation of these genes were remarkable decreased, as well as the expressions of DNA methyltransferase genes DNMT 1 and DNMT 3B at mRNA and protein level were downregulated in the treatment for 3 days with CDA-2. Also, we used CDA-2 for treatment of three MDS patients, whose several tumor suppressor genes are hypermethylated. After tour weeks of treatment, all the hypermethylation genes were undetected, part of this result was verified by methylation specific PCR (MSP) and bisulphite sequencing. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that CDA-2 may be an effective agent targeting hepermethylated tumor suppressor genes on MDS.


As is clear from the ambiguity function (AF) uncertainty principle and the underlying matched filtering operation, pulse compression (PC) radars cannot accurately and simultaneously measure both the time delay and Doppler shift of moving targets. On the other hand, compressed sensing (CS) radar would seem to be emerging as a means to do just that, jointly to estimate the delay and Doppler shift, through convex optimization instead of matched filtering, such that PC resolution limits no longer apply. However, it turns out that the AF is closely related to the CS "dictionary coherence coefficient," which affects the optimization recoverability. In this paper we formalize this relationship.


An anticorrosion conversion coating on magnesium surface were prepared via immersion method in an aqueous solution containing mainly phytic acid.The coating after the preparation could be dry in the air without a rinse process using water in the final stage.Hence there is no discharge of waste water and waste gas in the whole process.Influence of several factors on the anticorrosion performance of coating was tested by using the dropping test.And optimal parameters in the coating formation process were obtained.The results indicated that the coating had better corrosion resistance,when the solution contained 3% phytic acid,and the immersion time is 7 min and the pH value was 2.5-3.5.The morphology was observed by microscope.The technology of the environment-friendly conversion coating containing phytic acid has the potential to be a new anti-corrosion technology for magnesium surface.


We have investigated the effect of Si 3 N 4 content in (Ti(Hf)O 2 ) x (Si 3 N 4 ) y (SiO 2 ) 1-x-y pseudo-ternary alloys by tracking systematic changes of electrical properties, including electrically active defects. Results from Soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) studies indicate no detectable hole traps for Ti/Hf Si oxynitrides with Si 3 N 4 content >35%; these alloys have equal concentrations of Ti(Hf)O 2 and SiO 2 , ~30-32%, and additionally are stable for annealing in Ar ambients to temperatures of 1100°C. Derivative near edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAS) comparisons for the O K1 edges of TiO 2 and optimized Ti Si oxynitride alloys provides a significantly reduced average crystal field d-state splitting from 1.9 to 1.6eV, as well as decreased electron trapping, and is correlated with a four-fold coordination of Ti in the Ti Si oxynitride alloys. The flat band voltage shift with varying frequency from 10 kHz to 1MHz in these alloys is less than 12 mV and the compositional dependence of current-voltage characteristics on Si 3 N 4 composition results in the lowest leakage current at a Si 3 N 4 content of ~40 % with the smallest equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) as well. Based on these studies, Transition Metal (TM) Si oxynitride alloys are anticipated to yield EOT


The crude enzyme, tamylase, was produced by cultivating the Bacillus subtilis on wheat bran. It is composed of amylase and protease, and can be used as an additive material to the synthetic detergent, Suny which is manufactured by Ae-kyung Oil and Fat Co. Amylase activity of the enzyme as an additive material to the synthetic detergent; 1. is decreased by increasing the amount of detergent. But inhibitory rate under the practical used concentration of detergent is less than ten percents. 2. have optimal temperature at . 3. have optimal pH of substrate on pH . 4. is inhibited by . When enzyme and detergent are mixed both as powder, the enzyme is good for storage. Proteolytic activity is good at the practical used concentration of the detergent, but it is inhibited by strong concentration.


Abstract : The objective of this Master of Engineering Report is to evaluate the direct and indirect impact costs attributed to the wetlands regulatory programs of the local, state, and federal governments. These costs are investigated for several housing related projects in the Pennsylvania area to determine the extent of these costs and to determine the changes that are necessary to reduce these costs. Additionally, this report provides an insight into the current problems associated with wetland area construction such as delineation (the identification of the wetland boundaries), mitigation (the construction of new wetlands to replace wetlands that are filled) and the permitting process. This report does not argue that wetland protection is not vital or important to society. it merely addresses the concerns of developers and owners as to the cost, in both time and money required. to develop within the confines of wetlands. It is hoped that by better understanding the requirements for wetland protection and development, less wetland areas will be mistakenly destroyed.


Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer — treatment after surgical removal of the tumor — is a major therapeutic advance that has had a considerable effect on prolonging disease-free and overall survival. Not all patients benefit from adjuvant therapy, however, and certain types of adjuvant therapy are not appropriate for some patients. For example, adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, has improved the 15-year survival rate among women with estrogen-receptor–positive breast cancer by 31%, but it does not benefit women with estrogen-receptor–negative disease.1 Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), is associated . . .


Urolithiasis is a disorder in small ruminants that is frequently seen in castrated males. This urinary tract disease most often involves the urethra, especially at sites where narrowing of the urethral diameter occurs, such as in the distal part of the sigmoid flexure or in the vermiform appendage (urethral process). Struvite and apetite are the more common uroliths seen in the regions of North America; however calcium carbonate uroliths have also been reported. Small ruminants with urolithiasis can present with a range of clinical signs from dribbling urine from the prepuce and straining to urinate to an animal with severe metabolic derangements that need to be stabilized before any further treatment options. Other findings that can be noted during physical examination are a change in abdominal contour and preputial region due to bladder or urethra rupture, pulsation of the urethra, small stones, crystals or blood clots at the preputial orifice. Medical treatment of obstructive urolithiasis has in general been unrewarding. With medical treatment the urethral process, the most common site of obstruction, is amputated to provide some relief. Once the obstruction is relieved, treatments such as acidification of the urine, fluid therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment as well as broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy are instituted. The goal is the correction of electrolyte imbalances, treatment and prevention of inflammation and infection as well as dissolution of the remaining uroliths. In one half of the cases this treatment is successful; however re-obstruction within hours or sometimes days occurs in 80-90% of the cases. Therefore some sort of additional surgical intervention is usually necessary to relieve the obstruction to temporary or permanently allow for urine diversion. Selection of appropriate surgical therapy depends on the value and intended use of the animal, the location of the obstruction, and the integrity of the urethra and bladder. Tube cystostomy under general anesthesia seems to be the most successful surgery performed for small ruminants that are breeding animals or pets. A percutaneous tube cystostomy technique has been developed to reduce the costs; however a subsequent second procedure to replace the tube is very likely. Other urine diversion techniques such as prepubic/perineal urethrostomy and urethrotomy have a poor long-term outcome due to stricture formation and are not suitable for breeding animals. Bladder marsupialization has also been successful, but is associated with multiple complications. The success rate of dissolution of the uroliths with laser lithotripsy as described in other species depends if the diameter of the urethra is large enough to pass a laser in an endoscope. Lithotripsy could potentially reduce the cost and the hospitalization of an animal; however it is not readily available in every hospital. Urolith formation is most likely a multifactorial disease and prevention is influenced by management practices and diet of the animal. The diets should be low in phosphorus/calcium ratio and magnesium and roughage based diets are preferable. The pH of urine also plays a role and a pH of 5.5-6.5 is recommended to prevent urolithiasis. Since castrated males have a higher tendency to develop this disease, delayed castration might help increase the urethral diameter due to the prolonged positive influence of testosterone.


In this paper, we re-visit different theoretical and conceptual issues that havebeen influencing the design of educational technology artifacts. In particular, we take intoconsideration recent perspectives in cognitive science that acknowledge the importanteffects of external representations in learning and discuss the challenges regarding theapplicability of these ideas in connection to seamless learning environments. Extending theprevious work revised here, the current paper suggests that in order to further understandthe nature of learning in these novel contexts, research needs to investigate howsocio-affective factors come to the fore and influence the co-construction and use ofexternal representations "in the wild".


Triticale was the first allopolyploidy that was formed by crossbreeding wheat and rye,which inherited the high yield and high quality of wheat and strong stress resistance. The expression situations of starch synthesis genes and starch content in triticale in different development stage and under different salinity stress were determined by the real-time PCR technology,so as to further understand the effects of salinity stress on starch synthetase gene and starch content. The results showed that the expression of different starch synthetase gene under different degree of salinity stress had different degree of variation and the changes of starch content had a direct correlation with the expression of starch synthetase gene. The study results showed that the salinity stress could change the composition and properties of starch.


The New Basel Accord thinks that the operational risk has become the radical risk of modern commercial risk.The operation risk frequently occurs recently so that the control for them would become a important domain of risk management.The inner control is the valid method to control operational risk and the reasonable inner control would improve the control efficiency of operational risk control.The authors certify the micro-cross of affection and disclose the actual question on the correction between inner control and operational risk control with full model method and by real management data of national commercial bank to provide the theory identifications for commercial bank to strength the inner control and operational risk control.


Photonic crystals are periodic and aperiodic structures that allow manipulation of light with the photonic bandgap in their structure. The manipulation of light opens up a variety of applications in optics and photonics. One of these application areas is sensor design. High precision sensors have been designed over the last decade using photonic crystals. These sensors are mainly based on physical parameters such as refractive index, temperature, and pressure variation. In this study, a sensor is designed using a two-dimensional photonic crystal with a triangular lattice structure. This sensor consists of holes placed periodically on a silicon wafer and deliberate defects formed on the photonic crystal. The defect modes obtained with this sensor design enabled the targeted samples to be detected.


We advance a neglected QUA solution to the fundamental problem of Christology. Our chief aim is to put the view on the theological table, leaving future debate to tell its ultimate fate. After presenting the view we measure it against standard problems that confront extant QUA views and also against objections peculiar to the proposed view.


Combat is formulated as a dynamical encounter between two opponents, each of whom has offensive capabilities and objectives. With each opponent is associated a target in the event space in which he endeavors to terminate the combat, thereby winning. If the combat terminates in both target sets simultaneously or in neither, a joint capture or a draw, respectively, is said to occur. Resolution of the encounter is formulated as a combat game; namely, as a pair of competing event-constrained differential games. If exactly one of the players can win, the optimal strategies are determined from a resulting constrained zero-sum differential game. Otherwise the optimal strategies are computed from a resulting non-zero-sum game. Since optimal combat strategies frequencies may not exist, approximate of delta-combat games are also formulated leading to approximate or delta-optimal strategies. To illustrate combat games, an example, called the turret game, is considered. This game may be thought of as a highly simplified model of air combat, yet it is sufficiently complex to exhibit a rich variety of combat behavior, much of which is not found in pursuit-evasion games.


A perceptive and reflective state? Such a state might not exist yet, but it refers to an ideal for state-provided care which can protect both the caregiver and recipient of care from emotional overload and indifference. Such an ideal introduces new lines of enquiry to contemporary theories of care and their sociological orientation. It is argued that theories of care need to be combined with insights from political science concerning power and dilemmas within care. Dilemmas within state-provided care which might temporarily be overcome through an application of an interactive universalism such as more generally advocated by the Turkish-American feminist philosopher Seyla Benhabib. Interactive universalism implies a shift of perspective, a kind of hypothetical moral dialogue, which would bring a stronger element of reflection into caring practices in the welfare state. However, interactive universalism presupposes empathy understood as a kind of emotional attention to the other. If implemented this ideal will introduce a new form of authority: more compassionate and bodily oriented.


For the process characteristics and control requirements of a waterworks in Wuhan,a kind of master-slave distributed control system is designed based on PROFIBUS-DP.The host computer adopts KingView as the human machine interface and the slave computer use Siemens 200 PLC as the process controller.Besides, the traditional filter algorithm is improved in this system.The running results show that this system exhibits many advantages such as better human machine interface(HMI),easier to operate and more stable.


Simple Summary Grape pomace (GPO) is an important source of polyphenols which are known to have antioxidant properties. In the past decade, GPO has received some attention as a bioactive dietary component in farm animals' diet. In this study, we have analyzed the whole-transcriptome of Friesian calves fed with a GPO-supplemented diet using RNA-sequencing. We noted that the most affected pathway was the cholesterol lipid biosynthesis and this effect was consistent with a reduction in both serum cholesterol and lipid oxidation in the carcasses. This study provides evidence on the antioxidant property of GPO-supplemented diet, from a molecular biology standpoint. Abstract Grape pomace (GPO), the main by-product of the wine making process, is a rich source of polyphenols with potent antioxidant properties. Recently, GPO has emerged as a potential feed additive in livestock nutrition, with several reports describing its beneficial effects on animals' overall health status or production traits. However, little is known about it from a molecular biology standpoint. In the present study, we report the first RNA sequencing-based whole-transcriptome profiling of Friesian calves fed with a GPO-supplemented diet. We identified 367 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05) in the GPO-supplemented calves (n = 5), when compared with unsupplemented control group (n = 5). The pathway analysis showed that 'cholesterol lipid biosynthesis' was the most negatively-enriched (p < 0.001) pathway in the GPO-supplemented animals. In specific terms, five important genes coding for cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes, namely the Farnesyl-diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT-1), Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE), NAD(P)-dependent Steroid Dehydrogenase-like (NSDHL), Methylsterol Monooxygenase (MSMO)-1, and Sterol-C5-desaturase (SC5D), two major transcription factors (the Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Factor 1 and 2), as well as the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR), were all downregulated following GPO supplementation. Such an effect was mirrored by a reduction of blood cholesterol levels (p = 0.07) and a lowered (p < 0.001) Malondialdehyde (lipid oxidation marker) level in carcasses. We provide evidence on the effects of GPO-supplemented diets on the whole-transcriptome signature in veal calves, which mainly reflects an antioxidant activity.


Cryogen spray cooling has been applied as an effective method to reduce skin damage during laser therapy for some vascular lesions. Applied over tens of milliseconds, the human skin can be instantaneously cooled for the subsequent application of laser therapy so that the skin will not be damaged by the laser heating. In this work, an inverse heat conduction problem is solved for the estimation of surface heat transfer coefficient of cryogen spray cooling based on internal temperature measurements. Alifanov's iterative regularization method is applied for the function estimation without any a priori information about the functional form of the heat transfer coefficient. The effects of experimental errors of temperature measurements and the number and position of the temperature sensors are investigated.


This paper aims to provide an account of the theory of compensating wage differentials that does not factor in the worker's marginal productivity or measure her loss in terms of net disutility. It is argued that the worker's claim to a productivity wage is undermined by the pervasive influence of luck. In addition a utili ty-based metric is rejected on the grounds that it reflects the existing inequali ty in the distribution of resources. We propose instead that compensatory wage differentials should be fair in the sense that they are envy-free. That is, no one prefers their combination of working conditions and compensatory wage to anyone else's. In order to characterize the envy-free compensatory wage we employ a hypothetical insurance market where each insuree is unaware of the job she will end up in.


In view of software network communication complex,time consuming in software reverse analysis,the software network communication reverse analysis and the visualization method are proposed.Recording API function information in software network communication process using dynamic binary platform DynamoRIO,function correlation of record results are analyzed,combined with graphical tool software aiSee,visualize software network communication process in a graphic form.After experimental verification,this method can correctly parse and visualize software network communication process without affecting the program just through program executing once.


This paper was presented in April 1985. Ropes of new materials and constructions, and new applications for them, have developed faster than data needed for their intelligent use, and recognition of this widening knowledge-gap has led to a number of research programmes from which some results, relevant to the properties and performance of manmade-fibre ropes for marine use, are included in this paper. The paper, which is aimed at helping the user by representing new data on rope and catenary hawser performance and by methodically examining the factors affecting rope life in a number of marine applications, shows for example that using fibre ropes instead of steel wire permits shorter towlines because of the greater elastic stretch of the manmade fibres. The importance of dynamic response, rather than static behaviour, when comparing different fibre ropes is stressed; fatigue performance may also influence the choice. The paper is arranged under the main headings: 1) Introduction. 2) Rope Varieties. 3) Rope Properties. 4) Towing Hawser Behaviour. 5) Rope Life in Marine Applications. 6) Life of Blend ropes in Mooring and Towing.


Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disease of systemic involvement and varied evolution, which uses different disease evaluation scores. It is essential that these instruments be evaluated according to the disease, so that the treatment algorithms can be applied independently. Objectives To analyse a correlation of disease activity indexes (ICADs) and a concordance between different states of activity in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Methods Cross-sectional study based on 100 patients of outpatient care from a multicenter prospective cohort study. Approved by CEP UNISUL. Statistical analysis by the SPSS 18.0 program, using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and McNemar-Bowker Concordance, considering significance level p<0,05. Results Majority female patients (86%), with an average age of 54 years, who were active in their jobs (53%) and had a positive rheumatoid factor in 65%. The average values of the ICADs were DAS-28 (3.6), DAS-28 PCR (3.0), SDAI (13.4), CDAI (12.5) and RADAI (3.5), respectively. Many were classified with moderate disease activity of the disease. The degree of correlation was very strong (>0.8) and strong (between 0.8 and 0.6) in most ICADs and a concordance of remission DAS-28PCR ranged from 41.3% to 54.3% with the other ICADs. Conclusions The ICADs presented a strong correlation with each other, as well a level of similarities in the classification of the different degrees of activity. These results confirm that in different patients with RA, the ICADs serve to define active disease and to aid in the treatment strategy, so it is not imperative to use only a single evaluation score. References [1] Alvaro PM, Laiz A. Is DAS a Profitable Score to Be Used for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient Follow Up?Reumatología Clínica (English Edition)2011;7(5):336–8. [2] Medeiros MMC, Oliveira BMGB, Cerqueira JVM, Quixadá RTS, Oliveira IMX. Correlação dos índices de atividade da artrite reumatoide (DAS-28 VHS, DAS28-PCR, SDAI, CDAI) e concordância dos estados de atividade da doença com vários pontos de corte numa população do nordeste brasileiro. Rev Bras Reumatol2015;55(6):477–84. [3] Gaujoux-Viala C, Mouterde G, Baillet A, Claudepierre P, Fautrel B, Le Loët X, Maillefert JF. Evaluating disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: Which composite index is best? A systematic literature analysis of studies comparing the psychometric properties of the DAS, DAS28, SDAI and CDAI. Joint Bone Spine2012;79(2):149–55. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR) becomes prevalent treatment in patients suffering from end-stage lung emphysema with hyperinflation. But in most patients, ELVR treatment may not stop disease9s progression. In future, some of these patients might be considered for lung transplantation. Up today, there are no data if ELVR therapy does have impact on lung transplantation in such patients. We performed a retrospective, single-center, observation analysis of LTx (lung transplantation) wait list candidates, which received ELVR treatment for emphysema before LTx between 2010 and 2014. The outcome was compared with a matched (1:2) control group of patients with emphysema and without ELVR before Tx. Primary endpoint was 12 month survival post LTx. Between 01/2010-06/2014 23/693 (3%) wait list patients had been treated with ELVR before LTx. Hereof, 20/23 (87%) received LTx (ELVR group) and 40 non-ELVR patients were matched as controls. In 11/20 (55%) of EVLR patients bronchiectasis were found in CT scan compared to 12/40 (30%) patients of control group (p=0.04). After LTx, more airway colonization was found in ELVR group (10/20 (50%) than in control group (6/40, 15%, p=0.004). In 4/10 (40%) colonized patients Stenotrophomans maltophilia was detected. There were no differences in waiting time to LTx (p=0.18), operating time (p=0.15), days on respirator (p=1.0), ICU days (p=0.54) or discharge from hospital (p=0.69). During 12 months follow up 1ELVR (5%) patient died 189 days after LTx from pneumonia, compared to 1/40 (3%) non-ELVR patient who died 269 days after LTx (p=0.61). ELVR treatment in LTx candidates was not associated with differences in outcome. The increased rate of colonization warrants further investigation.


Background In the current COVID-19 pandemic there is mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 happening round the world due to the extensive spread of the infections. There is a high demand for rapid diagnostic tests to expedite identification of cases and to facilitate early isolation and control spread. Hence this study evaluates seven different rapid nucleic acid detection assays that are commercially available for SARS- CoV- 2 virus detection. Methods Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 4859 participants and were tested for SARS-CoV-2 virus by the gold standard RT-PCR method along with one of these seven rapid methods of detection. Evaluation of the rapid nucleic acid detection assays was done by comparing the results of these rapid methods with the gold standard RT-qPCR results for SARS-COV-2 detection. Results AQ-TOP had the highest sensitivity (98%) and strong kappa value of 0.943 followed by Genechecker and Abbot ID NOW. The POCKIT (ii RT-PCR) assay had the highest test accuracy of 99.29% followed by Genechecker and Cobas Liat. Atila iAMP showed the highest percentage of invalid reports (35.5%) followed by AQ-TOP with 6% and POCKIT with 3.7% of invalid reports. Conclusion Genechecker system, Abbott ID NOW and Cobas Liat, were found to have best performance and agreement when compared to the standard RT-PCR for COVID-19 detection. With further research, these rapid tests have the potential to be employed in large scale screening of COVID-19.


This paper presents a parallel kd-tree traversal algorithm based on the parallel binary radix tree construction scheme proposed by Tero Karras in 2012. In his paper, Tero Karras proposed parallel tree construction algorithm which can maximize the utilization of GPU threads, but implementation and analysis of kd-tree are not fully discussed. This paper aims to fill the gap for the specific kd-tree cases. As an application for the kd-tree traversal method proposed in this paper, the proposed method has been implemented with NVIDIA's CUDA framework and tested on NVIDIA's realtime raytracing library, OptiX. As a result, the proposed method can construct tree structures within the requirement for realtime process, but still needs specialized spatial caching data structure like the "primitive tree" for highly detailed meshes to handle spatial queries as fast as to visualize implicit surfaces under OptiX framework. However, the proposed method can be applied to dynamic collision detection and manage scene and object information for game applications thanks to its fast tree construction process. Also, realtime raytracing can be applied to game applications based on this study.


Polycrystalline silicon films with relatively large grain size were obtained by aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon films. Unlike conventional deposition techniques which require high temperatures, crystallization was accomplished by annealing at temperatures ranging from 475degC to 550degC, for 90 minutes. Polysilicon films thus obtained exhibited piezoresistive properties. XRD characterization of the film verified good polycrystalline structure. Electrical characterization of the film verified high conductivity polysilicon film thus eliminating further doping steps. The fabrication technique described here would be suitable for attaining polycrystalline silicon films on substrates or structures with stringent thermal budget constraints.


Background: Up to now, Endomyocardial Biopsy (EMB) is the gold standard for monitoring acute rejection in Heart Transplant (HTx) recipients


Objective: To demonstrate effective strapping emergency in the therapeutic management of threat with opencervix.
Methodology: We conducted a descriptive cohort study at Yopougon Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire) University Hospital. Over a period of two years (February 2015 to January 2017), the study concerned 11 gestantes who presented a severe threat of late miscarriage with the opened cervix, protrusion and intact membranes in the second trimester of Pregnancy. For all pregnant, a strapping of the cervix has been performed according to Mac Donald's procedure.
Results: Mean's age of patients was 30 years, 27.30% primigravida and 36.40% nulliparous. More than half (55%) had a history of abortion. Symptomatology was dominated by pelvic pain (63.60%). The average gestational age at the time of strapping was 20 weeks. The average duration of the interventions was 12, 27min and hospitalization of pregnant after cerclage was 3 days. Following up was marked by a new hospitalization in 3 patients, because of membrane's rupture at 31 weeks of pregnancy.
Average gestational age for childbirth was 36 weeks, 82% of births by cesarean section. 64% of children were born with a score of APGAR greater than 7 at the first minute. No cases of newborn death have been noted. The average time between strapping and childbirth was 115 days or 15 weeks.
Conclusion: Emergency cervical strapping is used to prolong the duration of pregnancy and to reduce the risk of high prematurity, thereby improving fetus viability and prognosis.


Enhancing functional performance while at the same time continuing with the miniaturization of electronic systems are the main drivers for electronic industries world over. The phenomenal growth of VLSIs and embedded systems is testimony to these developments. Development of complex embedded systems using components like FPGA, CPLD, etc, where not only the transistor densities but current densities of interconnects have almost been optimized to the limits, pose reliability issues that need to be addressed. Even though the material properties, design and construction features are better understood than ever before, further research is required to understand root causes of failure so that failure in the field conditions can be further minimized. The traditional method of reliability prediction, Like MIL-217 approach, have some inherent limitations which include, a) it does not allow simulations with projected component load profiles, b) no provisions to assess the root cause(s) of component failure, c) basis and science behind the considerations of base failure rate and other modifying factors are not clear. The physics-of-failure approach is based on first principles of science and technology and provides the insight into not only life and reliability aspects of the component, but also provides details about the various degradation mechanism(s) and thereby improved understand of the associated root cause(s) of the failure. This approach extends Accelerated Life Testing philosophy to investigate the basic failure mechanism. The role of statistics in this methodology is to predict the uncertainty in the estimates of life and reliability. This paper brings out the salient feature of this approach.


Abstract It is shown that the added mass matrix of an infinite periodic tube bank immersed in a perfect fluid can be derived by means of the Bloch wave technique, with account taken of the repetitive structure of the mechanical system. This method merely requires computations on the representative cell of the bundle. The case of a tube array placed in a viscous cross-flow is also considered from which a quadratic eigenvalue problem arises: the technique so described can be used to determine the critical flow beyond which the tubes begin to oscillate.


The U.S. Public Land Survey method for land subdivision was used as the basis for development of a quasi-coordinate accident location system. The accident location and analysis system developed in Iowa is a link-node system that has been adapted to this quasi-coordinate method for recording accident location. This system is used to accurately identify accident locations for input to the computer system. This paper discusses the development of the system and the methodology for applying it to the complete network of urban and rural roadways in Iowa; sample maps developed for use by accident coders are included. The system is highly user oriented to provide a wide range of summaries and analyses for highway and traffic engineers and law enforcement agencies.


Si 1-x Ge x alloys and Si 1-x Ge x /Si multiple quantum wells are grown on Si(100) by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD) using Si\-2H\-6 and GeH\-4 as reactant gases. The crystallinity, morphology, uniformity and interface are studied by atom force microscopy (AFM), double crystal X\|ray diffraction (DCXRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that the surface of the epitaxial layers is smooth, the average rough is 1.2nm. The samples are uniform. The average deviations of the growth rate and the fraction of Ge in single sample are 3 31% and 2 01%, respectively. Satellite peaks and Pendellosung streaks in the X\|ray diffraction curves of Si 1-x Ge x /Si MQWs show that the materials have good crystallinity and sharp interface. No dislocation is found in TEM measurement.


Self-reported symptoms that follow concussion without detectable structural brain injury have historically been described by a variety of syndromes. These syndromes are reviewed beginning with Erichsen's concept of spinal concussion and ending with Gronwall's finding of attentional deficits in the early stages after injury. The period covered is 1866 through 1974 and the syndromes reviewed include: traumatic neurasthenia (railway hysteria), vasomotorischen symptomencomplex, terror neurosis, head-wound syndrome, postcontusional syndrome, postconcussional syndrome, psychoneurosis, accident neurosis, and posttraumatic syndrome. These involved organic (structural brain injury), emotional (anxiety and depression), motivational (malingering),and personality (predisposing) explanations.


Recording the deep chill of the witching hour on Mars is an evocative enough idea-surely there's a short story there somewhere-but it is also important for an understanding of the planet. It is not so much a matter of simply knowing the Martian temperature in the dead of night as of finding out how the different parts of that diverse world cool down from the lesser chill that passes for the warmth of day. By taking temperature readings at selected times around the clock, it is possible to find out how rapidly the surface materials absorb and give off heat-a property called thermal inertia. This can help determine whether given parts of the surface are dominated by sand, rocks or boulders, while relating also to such factors as the role of the winds in distributing heat around the planet. The Viking orbiters each carry a heat sensor-an Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM)-for this purpose, and have been scanning the planet since the day they arrived, weeks before the landers descended to the surface. In August of 1976, for example, it was the IRTM temperature measurements that led to the conclusion that the Martian residual north-polar cap consists almost entirely of water, since the readings were too high for frozen carbon dioxide but low enough for water ice. The polar caps, however, respond more to seasonal than to diurnal effects. It is the rest of the surface that requires careful day-and-night study. Readings just before dawn show how cold the ground has gotten during the night; sunrise measurements reveal the beginnings of the day's warming, while readings during the afternoon show just how much heat the surface material has actually taken in. Sundown and the coming of night show the curve reversing, as the stored heat is given off. To complete the cycle, a midnight reading should show the surface approaching its coldest point, which will be monitored in the pre-dawn hours.


Objective:To study the structure and biochemical properties of recombinant α-galactosidase on basis of construction of expression vector which was transfused into yeast Pichia pastoris as well as on the studies of fermentation and purification of recombinant α-galactosidase. Methods:The N-terminal sequence, relative molecular mass, amino acid components, UV light spectrum,peptide identification and biochemical characterization including K m, V max, optional temperature and pH of recombinant α-galactosidase were studied.Results and conclusion: The results showed that the N-terminal amino acids sequence of recombinant α-galactosidase were identical with theoretical sequence completely; amino acid components were largely agree with theoretical value; M r=39.4×10 3; the UV light spectrum and peptide identification of purified products were same for three barches of preparation; K m and V max of recombinant α-galactosidase were 0.275 mmol/L and 0.014 mmol/min, respectively; optional temperature and pH of recombinant α-galactosidase reaction were 37℃ and 5.6. It has no difference to natural enzyme.


The aim of this research is to describe effectiveness of problem solving learning model in solubility and solubility product concept to enhance expressing causal claim and negation skills. Students who became the subject of this research was  XI grade of Science 1 Batanghari Senior High School in Batanghari academic year 2011/2012. This research used the pre-experimental method and one group pretest-posttest design .  The effectiveness of problem solving learning model was determined based on the average value of n-Gain .  The results of this research showed that the average value of n-Gain of expressing causal claim and negation skills were 0,398 and 0,704. Thus, it can be concluded that the problem solving learning model in solubility and solubility product concept effective to enhance  expressing causal claim in medium category and effective to enhance  expressing negation skill in high category. Keywords: problem solving , expressing causal claim skill and expressing    negation skill.


A flight test with a simplified Hybrid Laminar Flow Control (HLFC) system on the vertical tail plane (VTP) of an A320 aircraft was performed in April/May 2018. This HLFC system was a prototype for a simplified system that might be attractive for drag reduction of commercial long-range aircraft. The paper presents the design principles of a simplified HLFC system, including passive suction


The invention provides a new improved method for preparation of nitroorotic acid through nitration of orotic acid. Specifically, the invention relates to a method for preparation of dipyridamole with nitroorotic acid as the intermediate. Specifically, the nitroorotic acid is prepared by nitration of orotic acid through a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid under a temperature of about 40-80DEG C, wherein the concentrated nitric acid is not fuming nitric acid.


The optimum condition of extracting soluble dietary fiber was ob- tained by the orthogonal test:temperature 95℃,pH=7.0,extracting dosage 80mL/g,extracting time 10 min.With this condition the yield was 10.80%.And the optimum condition of extracting insoluble dietary fiber by chemical was ob- tained by orthogonal test too:temperature 30℃,time 0.5h,concentrafon of NaOH was 0.1%,ratio of solid to liquid was 1:120.In this condition the yidd was 83.98%.The insoluble dietary fiber by three methods(chemical,enzymatic and en- zymatic-chemical)was analysed.The insoluble dietary fiber by chemical was the best,its expansion power were 15.4mL/g and water-holding prover 615.27% re- spectively.


Objectives. To compare the double‐LEEP cone procedure with cold‐knife conization to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; to evaluate the specimen adequacy regarding resection margins and residual disease. Methods and Materials. Of 137 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, 60 patients had cold‐knife cone and 77 had double‐LEEP cone procedure. The indications were the same for both groups. The average follow‐up time was 6 months. Results. Therapeutic failure (incomplete excision) rate was 14% for double‐LEEP cone procedure and 13% for cold‐knife conization (p = 0.87). Recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia rate was 16% for double‐LEEP cone procedure and 7% for cold‐knife conization (p = 0.44) at 6 months. Rates of bleeding complication were 2.6% for double‐LEEP cone procedure and 3.3% for cold‐knife conization (p = 0.80). These figures were not statistically significant. Thermal artifact was 10% of double‐LEEP cone procedure specimens with only one with severe thermal damage preventing accurate grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Conclusion. There was no significant difference between double‐LEEP cone procedure (86%) and cold‐knife conization (87%) (p = 0.8). It appears that double LEEP performed as an outpatient procedure can be an acceptable alternative to cold‐knife conization in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.▪


ABSTRACT GNSS observations carried out in a network of Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) are a complex systems which offer post-processing as well as corrections sent in realtime. In Poland, such a system has been in operation since June 2008, known as the Polish Active Geodetic Network (ASG-EUPOS). Usually the measurements performed in real time characterized lower accuracy than static measurements. For users who demand the highest precision results the post-processing services are provided. The paper presents an analysis of the position determination accuracy using ASG-EUPOS POZGEO service. It is well known that the final accuracy is e.g. the measuring conditions, time of observations or number of measured frequencies dependent. We processed 4 consecutive days of GPS data to determine how the accuracy of derived positional coordinates depends on the length of the observing session, the characteristics of horizon visibility on points and the used in post-processing observations (L1 or L1+L2). The POZGEO results show that horizontal accuracies of about 1-2 cm and vertical accuracies of 4 cm are achievable provided 0.5 hours dual frequency GPS data. The accuracy clearly decreases for point measured under conditions of strongly limited satellite availability


18th October 2007

The Health Service Executive (HSE) categorically refutes the allegations made by Uniphar Plc today, particularly that it has made misleading statements regarding a recent meeting with Pharmaceutical wholesalers.


In this paper, a study on the composite probability of the highest tidal levels and flood waves occurring is presented. By using statistical tests, a comparison of parameters and design values was made for three methods, i.e. composite parameters, composite probability and the criterion method Then a more reasonable method was recommended to provide essential technical support for the planning of long-term flood prevention, the constitution of specific flood control measures and disaster evaluation.


Objective:To investigate the delayed cardioprotective effect of Allitridum preconditioning on cultured neonatal rat myocardiocytes subjected to H/R and its mechanisms. Methods: Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyoctytes were preconditioned using Allitridum at different concentrations (5?10?20?50 μg/ml) and different time points. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation were measured to determine the protective effects against H/R injury. Results: Increased cell viability, decreased LDH release and MDA formation were observed in cardiomyocytes treated with Allitridum. This cardioprotective effects developed within 12 h, maximized at 24 h and disappeared at 36 h in the optimum concentration (20 μg/ml). The delayed protection was abolished by pretreating with either PKC inhibitor H 7 or PD 98059 (a upstream kinase inhibitor of MAPKs). Conclusion: Allitridum can mimic the delayed cardioprotection in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. The protective mechanisms is associated with PKC and MAPKs signaling pathways.


Application of raw manure to fields can contribute ammonia, pathogens, and volatile organic compounds at concentrations that may give rise to adverse odors and environmental concerns. In addition, raw manures contain reproductive hormones that could impact the endocrine systems of sensitive organisms. Composting manure, in which aerobic microorganisms destroy pathogens and convert organic compounds into more stable forms, may reduce its potentially harmful effects. Two piles of swine (Sus scrofa domestica) manure with corn stalk bedding were monitored for temperature, inorganic N, total N, P, K, pH, electrical conductivity, and the hormones 17&bgr;-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1). A compost pile was mixed periodically, resulting in internal temperature increases to the thermophilic range (40°C-60°C) after each mixing. A static manure pile was not mixed, and the temperature stayed close to ambient throughout. After 92 days, the compost resembled a humus-like material with very little odor, whereas the manure pile had maintained much of its original physical characteristics. After 92 days, the compost had a pH closer to neutral, a lower electrical conductivity, and slightly lower total N content than the static manure pile. Both piles had greatly reduced ammonium concentrations. 17&bgr;-Estradiol concentrations did not decline, but rather fluctuated with time, and were much lower than E1 concentrations, which were initially high but decreased during the study. Static manure storage appeared to be just as effective in reducing total estrogenicity (estrogenicity = E2 + 0.1 × E1) compared with aerobic composting, in that estrogenicity was reduced by 74% in the static manure pile and 79% in the composted pile.ABBREVIATIONS: E2: 17&bgr;-estradiol; E1: estrone; TE: total estrogenicity; T: turned compost pile; NT: not turned manure pile.


Objective:To assess the risk factors of type 2 diabetes and its prevalence in senior intellectuals.Methods:785 senior intellectuals from a university were investigated.The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was calculated and the risk factors of type 2 diabetes were analyzed by the non-conditional Logistic regression.Results:The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 7.5%,and it increasd markedly with age.Logistic regression showed that age,WHR,BMI,sweetmeat intake,corned food intake,TCH and TG were with statistical significance.Conclusion:Type 2 diabetes is a serious problem among senior intellectuals.It is of great means to take corresponding measures such as reasonable diet,moderate physical activity,and health examination,especially for those people who are above 45.


Abstract Twenty patients with moderately severe Parkinson's disease entered an open study of the efficacy and safety of a slow release preparation containing levodopa 200mg and carbidopa 50mg per tablet ('Sinemet CR4'). Following an initial four week baseline stabilisation period on conventional 'Sinemet' tablets, the patients were transferred to 'Sinemet CR4' and observed at intervals over the next 12 months. Fifteen patients completed the full year observation period. When compared with the baseline period, treatment with 'Sinemet CR4' was associated with longer periods of functional improvement and less fluctuation of response following each dose. The median (range) dose frequency was reduced from three (three‐12) to two (two‐seven) times daily (p< 0.001) on 'Sinemet CR4' although median (range) total daily dose of levodopa was increased from 700 (375–2525) to 800 (400–2800) mg without any increase in adverse effects. Three patients developed peripheral neuropathy while receiving Sinemet CR4, but the association with this therapy is unclear. Overall 'Sinemet CR4' allowed a longer dosage interval and provided more stable control of disease manifestations than conventional 'Sinemet'. (Aust NZ J Med 1991; 21: 397–400.)


The thought of the Pure Land is an important part of Chinese Buddhism .Al l the schools of Chinese Buddhism,especialy the Pure Land School and Chan Buddhi sm bear different views on the Pure Land.The Pure Land School believes the rebir th in the Pure Land of the Buddha Amitabha can only be attained by reciting the Bu ddha Amitabba's name according to the Mo-Fa thought. On the contrary,Chan Buddhi m believes the Pure Land of the Buddha Amitabha does not exist in the physical w or ld but in man's mind.The difference between the interpretation of the Pure Land repr esents their different understanding of Buddhism and reflects their respective l ife experiences.


We present an adaptive interface designed to provide tailored support for the understanding of written instructional material. The interface relies on a user model based on a Bayesian network, that assesses users' understanding as users read the instructional material and try to understand it by generating explanations to themselves. The user model's assessment is used by the interface to generate tailored scaffolding of further user's explanations that can improve the user's comprehension. After illustrating how the Bayesian user model assesses understanding from the user's explanations and from latency data on the user's attention, we discuss initial results on the effectiveness of the interface's adaptive interventions.


— Radiotherapy is in a period of rapid scientific and clinical development and the increasing complexity of modern treatment modalities has also introduced a more comprehensive patient-specific quality assurance programme (QA) to verify an individual patient delivery. Optical fibers offer a solution for in vivo radiotherapy dosimetry with many advantages over currently employed clinical dosimetry systems. A new technology is based on the use of luminescent materials with a plastic optical fiber, acting as light guides, to create a multi-point dosimeter. In this study, two different types of optical fibers with a core diameter of 1 mm were used in all the characterization measurements. In both cases the inorganic radiation sensor is based on europium-doped yttrium oxide and emits light slightly above 600 nm. In both configurations, the fibers were connected to a small portable reader. Optical fibers were irradiated in a water equivalent slab phantom, at the nominal photon energy of a 6 MV clinical accelerator for a fixed dose of 1 Gy. Field Output Factors (OF) for photon small beams were measured using the two fibers and a ionization chamber. Several measurements of the signal were performed to test the stability over time and repeatability. The comparison of OF measurements between the two fibers and the ion chamber was performed. In our preliminary measurements optical fibers have been demonstrated to be able to perform accurate radiotherapy dosimetric measurements.


Introduction Application of MR reporter genes is a new strategy in molecular imaging based on over-expression of non-toxic proteins responsible for in vivo uptake of MRI-detectable probes [1-2]. Gene-based production of contrast agents for MR cell tracking has many advantages over the standard approach using exogenous administration of superparamagnetic particles, where the imaging signal does not reflect cell viability and quantity. Ferritin has been proposed as an endogenous MRI reporter for noninvasive imaging of gene expression in C6 glioma tumors [1] and for in vivo studies in the transgenic mice [2]. The potential of using MR reporter genes to study fate of cancer cells engrafted into subcutaneous area of mice has not been explored. We aim to develop genetically-based technique for molecular imaging of the MRI gene reporter ferritin to enable noninvasive assessment of lymph node metastasis of cancer cells after transplantation into subcutaneous area of mice.


services in economics classes, a further reason for the relative neglect of service trade in international economics courses is a distinct lack of analytically rigorous books on the subject and the topic's usual absence in the standard texts on international economics. This book bridges this gap eminently in the Indian context. The book can be used by instructors both at the advanced undergraduate and graduate levels. Hopefully, the book will bring services trade into the mainstream of international economics education.


Abdominal irrigation with herbs in treatment of the acute necrostic pancreatitis (ANP) in 80 rats was studied. Methods:combined water extract,herbs were adrninistrated after sterilization. Results: there was the better effect of abdominal irrigation than that of contral group (P < 0.01). Conclusions: abdominal irrigation with herbs is a new and useful method in treatment of ANP.


SUMMARY (1) Experiments were made to determine the effects of both shading and of water-table depth on the growth of three species of Sphagnum. The species (and their usual habitats) were: S. capillifolium (hummocks); S. papillosum (lawns); and S. recurvum (pools and flushed lawns). (2) Water-table depth had little effect on growth measured as increase of dry matter; shading reduced growth and there were specific differences associated with plant size. There were no significant interactions between water-table depth and shading. (3) For growth measured as growth in length, there were highly significant interactions, individual species behaving differently in response to shade and, to a lesser extent, in response to water-table depth. (4) In Sphagnum lawns in two natural habitats there was a negative correlation between depth of the water-table and surface-roughness. In experimental conditions surface-roughness increased both as the water-table was raised and as shade increased. (5) A computer simulation of growth of Sphagnum in a lawn was able to reproduce the observed variations in surface roughness. In mixed lawns of two species, the one in its 'natural' habitat out-grew the other.


Negative pressure slider-type film heads for thin film media were designed with regard to head/medium interface property and element reliability. A Zn-ferrite substrate and SiO 2 protective cover layer were used in slider fabrication to improve the head/ medium interface and etching characteristics for the negative pressure slider. Numerical analysis for designing the heads indicates that SiO 2 insulating layer improves transducer thermal reliability. Also, an optimised yoke pattern contributes to obtain sufficient write field and reproduction efficiency. The new head was subjected to a 20,000-cycle contact start/stop test and read/write test.


It has been proposed that a heme-peroxide complex is formed as an intermediate state in the enzymatic reaction. Since the axial position of the heme in tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO) is occupied with a nitrogenous ligand from histidine residue, we studied the heme-peroxide complexes with an axial nitrogenous ligand at the fifth position in a chemical model for TDO. Addition of N-methyl-imidazole to a ferric high-spin porphyrin exhibited ESR spectrum due to a formation of ferric low-spin complex (complex A). Following addition of tetramethylammonium hydroxide to the reaction mixture, the signal due to a different ferric low-spin complex (complex B) appeared. When 3-methylindole (skatole; SK) was added to the resulting solution followed by introduction of dry oxygen gas, a new ESR signal due to a ferric low-spin complex (complex C) was detectable. A similar ESR signal was observed when N-acetyl-tryptophan ethyl ester was used in place of Sk (complex D). Bohan plotting of the crystal-field parameters as a rhombicity-tetragonality diagram obtained from ESR g-values for the complexes (A, B, C, D) revealed that these heme iron complexes can be classified into three groups having N-Fe-N (complex A), N-Fe-O (complex B), and N-Fe-OO (complexes C, D) coordinations. Product analyses for the same reaction systems demonstrated the conversion of each substrate to the dioxygenated product.


The emergence of the Internet of Things in Smart Cities questions how the future citizens will perceive their predominant living and working environments and what quality of living they can experience within it, for instance the level of everyday stress. However, perception and experienced stress levels are challenging metrics to measure and are even more challenging to correlate with an underlying causal-effectual relationship in such stimulus abundant environments. The Internet of Things, enabled by several pervasive and ubiquitous devices such as smart phones and smart sensors, can provide real-time contextual information that can be used by advanced data science methodologies to generate new insights about urban qualities in Smart Cities and how they can be improved. The goal of this study is to show the predominant factors, which influence perceptual qualities of inhabitants in a Smart City equipped with sensing capabilities by the Internet of Things. To serve this goal, a novel data collection process for Smart Cities is introduced that involves (i) environmental data, such noise, dust, illuminance, temperature, relative humidity, (ii) location/mobility data, such as GNSS and citizens density detected via WiFi, and (iii) perceptual social data collected by citizens' responses in smart phones. These fine-grained real-time data can provide invaluable insights about the spatial correlations of the sensor measurements as well as the spatial and citizens' similarity illustrated. The data analysis illustrated reveals significant links between stress level and environmental changes observed.


In recent times women have been making their way into engineering, one of the most booming fields internationally. However, women enrollment in these careers in Mexico has grown slowly, only about 30 % of the total student population enrolled in an engineering related program are women. For the purposes of this research, a survey was applied to the students of three universities in the northwest region of Mexico confirmed a STEAM network aiming to promote enrollment, retention and gender equality on STEM careers, in order to present the outcome about their motivation for this career choice. As well as the future performance model of female students enrolled in engineering degrees. Findings have shown that there is no female model to follow, so it is proposed to include a Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM) model in the Schools of Engineering to increase preference and enrollment of women in this area of knowledge.


The invention discloses an independent tobacco cutting process and independent tobacco cutting equipment based on paper making method regenerated tobacco leaf processing characteristics. The process comprises the following process steps: opening a box, shoving tobacco leaves, loosening, regaining moisture, cutting, drying and mixing. The equipment comprises a box opening machine, a tobacco leaf shoving machine, a high-frequency-vibrating loosening machine, a moisture regaining machine, a cutting machine and a roller cut tobacco drying machine, wherein the mechanisms can be arranged and can operate alone or in combination through the connection by a material conveying and feeding mechanism. The process and the equipment can cut the boxed regenerated tobacco leaves independently according to the processing characteristics of the boxed regenerated tobacco leaves, thereby improving the effective utilization rate of the paper making method regenerated tobacco leaves, effectively retaining fragrance, improving visual quality, and making the prepared regenerated cut tobacco uniform in length and good in looseness so that the cut tobacco can be blended with other cut tobacco uniformly. The process and the equipment have high adaptability; meanwhile, according to the change in the form of supplied materials, 'three-step method' tobacco cutting adopted in the prior art is changed into one-step cutting with the same effect, the production efficiency is improved and the production cost is lowered.


The solvation and aggregation of hydrophobic molecules are the subjects of intense research in the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology [1]. Fullerene, for example, is one such molecule under this microscope due to its aggregation in water and the environmental implications of this process. For this reason, a microscopic model of solvation and aggregation of fullerene is highly-sought after [2]. The physio-chemical properties of aqueous solvation are particularly well-suited for study via molecular dynamics (MD). However, today's MD simulations of condensed matter systems are increasingly characterized by demands for higher accuracy, larger systems, and longer time scales—all at the expense of enormous computational resources. Our group attempts to circumvent this issue by developing and utilizing the grand canonical adaptive resolution simulation (GC-AdResS) approach [3]. This aims to eliminate the need for prohibitively large resources by representing only the region of specific interest in high resolution while the "bulk" of the simulation is represented by a low resolution description. This method allows for a significant speedup in calculation without sacrificing the accuracy and validity of results pulled from the high-resolution region of interest. In the context of the solvation process, it is interesting to consider thermodynamic properties at the highest resolution possible, i.e., the quantum level, because quantum effects, namely delocalization of light atoms in space, is thought to have an impact on the structure of water, even at room temperature. A popular method for incorporating these delocalization effects in simulation, ring polymer path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) [5], increases computational load dramatically with respect to ordinary MD, inhibiting the sufficient study of large systems (for example, large solutes in aqueous baths). To combat this, the PIMD approach was integrated into the GC-AdResS framework, yielding path integral grand canonical adaptive resolution simulation (PI-GC-AdResS) which has aided in the study, at a quantum level, of static and dynamic properties of liquid water, large hydrophobic solutes, and more which would otherwise be impossible without massive computational effort [6]. Despite the success of these studies, there is room for improvement. Since the conception of PI-GC-AdResS, our group has enhanced the standard GC-AdResS, boosting its efficiency by almost 2.5x, while also making strides towards coupling high-resolution regions with continuum regions [7]. Additionally, efficient PIMD methods such as ring polymer contraction [8] are not currently supported and newer, more accurate water models have not been tested [9] (previous studies utilized one of the most simple PI water models, q-SPC/FW). On top of the possible technical refinements outlined above, PI-GC-AdResS as a tool to better understand the structure and thermodynamics of aqueous solvation would benefit greatly from its extension to the study of non-equilibrium situations. Here, the system is perturbed by an external agent and the effects of this perturbation are observed and quantified. In the case of the solvation of a solute such as fullerene, the perturbation on the system could take the form of a localized electric field acting on the water molecules of the solvation region. The relevancy of an electric field acting as the perturbing agent stems from the idea that its modulation of the solvation shell surrounding a hydrophobic molecule will likely encourage or discourage interaction with


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reveal the temperature rise characteristics of the disc and pads under different load types. Design/methodology/approach – Evolutions of the disc and pads temperature under a stable, gradual changing and sine-wave contact pressures widely used at present are analyzed numerically by using ANSYS software. Findings – The results show that during the loading process, the temperature increases most rapidly under a stable contact pressure, most slowly under a gradual changing contact pressure; the disc temperature rise curves expose saw-shaped character, the closer it is to the friction surface, the more serious the fluctuations will be, the pads temperature rise curves are rather smooth; temperature gradient in the axial direction is higher than that in the other two directions under all of the three types of contact pressure and shows a sine-wave variation under a sine-wave contact pressure. Originality/value – It indicates that a gradual changing contact pressure sho...


The caries experience of 123 fluoride users (F-tablets and/or F-toothpaste) was compared with that of a group of 226 non-users. Fluoride users appeared to have a 15% lower DFS score (16.2) than non-users (19.0). After a matching procedure had been used to correct for some intervening variables (socioeconomic status, toothbrushing habit, sweet consumption) no difference was found between the groups of F-tablet and F-toothpaste users and the respective groups of matched non-users. The difference in caries experience of 15% between users and non-users remained in only one group after the matching procedure, that in which the children used both F-tablets and F-toothpaste.


Background This concept note gives a snapshot of a series of scientific articles published from the 'Feeding cities and migration settlement project' 2 (2019-2022) of Wageningen University & Research (WUR), funded by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality . The overall goal of this project was to contribute to resilient, sustainable and urban food systems, providing food and nutrition security for all. This project has i nvestigated rural-urban connectedness within the food system with a focus on low-income groups in the Global South, along the cases of Dhaka in Bangladesh, Kampala and Arua in Uganda, and Nyeri and Nairobi in Kenya. The main aim of this concept note is to provide an overview of different outcomes of rural-urban food systems interactions published in a Special Issue of the scientific journal Sustainability . These interactions explored cover issues of urban growth at a general level, as well as zooming in on value creation, with a focus on new opportunities for the midstream, diversities of livelihood factors within informal settlements, and the role of trust (i.e. social-capital) within the rural-urban food systems. This is followed by a more general view of the organic waste issue in urban settlements and on spatialisation and spatial planning as a mechanism within the rural-urban food systems. The 'Feeding cities and migration settlement project' will be followed up by the project 'Food and Nutrition security for low income groups in rural-urban food systems in the global south' (2023-2024), with an emphasis on challenges of water and


Investigations concerning the stability of a group of factors contained in cod liver residue and displaying vitamin B12 activity have led to the conclusion that under the conditions prevailing during the rendering process, as developed at the Atlantic Fisheries Experimental Station, little or no deactivation occurs. This is in sharp contrast with what occurs under more drastic conditions such as used in the alkali-digestion process.The study of the microbiological method used for the determination of vitamin B12 activity has shown that one step of the analytical procedure, namely, that phase during which the extraction of the sample is performed, is responsible for anomalous results. Deactivation occurs during this stage to an extent which varies according to the previous history of the material. The addition of thioglycolic acid or ascorbic acid during this period does not effectively protect the material unless culture medium is added as well. Medium alone is inefficient. Sodium bisulphite on the other ...


Review the role of upper airway stimulation (UAS) therapy in the management of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).


A boiler fuel-feed system is described and the use of live- bottom surge hoppers is preferred over bins with multiple-screw feeders. The need for an even distribution of hog fuel without segregation by size among the various feed chutes to supply the furnace is stressed. The distribution of fuel among the chutes using flight conveyors, swining spouts and vibrating conveyors is described.


FIELD: computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: the system contains markup language, object model of graphics, converter of types, analyzer-translator, system of presenters, interface for applied programming of visuals and indication interface. EFFECT: ensured organized interaction of computer program developers with data structure of scene graph for creation of graphics. 27 cl, 31 dwg


The majority of pedestrian fatalities and injuries are caused by vehicle-pedestrian accidents. Recently, it has been recognized as a serious problem. Injuries of occupants in a vehicle have been decreased considerably. However, efforts for protection of pedestrians are still insufficient. These days, many advanced industries are striving for a better protection of pedestrians by using an active hood lift system, rather than reforming the existing structure. In this research, the active hood lift system is designed to enhance the performance for protection. The active hood lift system is analyzed by using the nonlinear finite element method. An optimization problem is formulated by incorporation of the analysis results. Orthogonal arrays are utilized to solve the formulated problem. An iterative optimization algothrithm using orthogonal arrays is utilized for design in the discrete space. It is found that the method can remarkably decrease the number of function evaluations.