In order to provide theoretical basis for screening of landscaping species with strong drought resistance, taking five landscaping species, Hosta. ensata F. Mackawa, Hosta ventricosa (Salisb.) Stearn, Potentilla centigrana, Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke and Clematis macropetala as test materials, osmotic adjustment and activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of the plants were studied. The results showed that field moisture capacity in soil was decreased, and water potential and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) were decreased after drought stress for 15 days. Water potential and net photosynthetic rate in leaves of D. indica (Andr.) Focke were declined slower than that of other four species. Malondialdehyde (MAD) contents in leaves of the five species were increased during drought stress for 15 days, which resulted in cell membrane-lipid peroxidation. Activities of SOD in leaves of D. indica (Andr.) Focke and P. centigrana were increased during drought stress for 15 days. In conclusion, D. indica (Andr.) Focke and P. centigrana showed stronger drought resistance, net photosynthetic rate in leaves of the two species maintained higher than that of the other three species under drought stress, and oxygen free radicals were cleaned by enzymatic system and non-enzymatic system.


This study examines spoken naming of German nominal compounds in four individuals with chronic aphasia in order to test current theories about the production of morphologically complex nouns. We investigated the impact of morphological complexity, grammatical class of the modifier, and of the constituents' semantic transparency on spoken naming accuracies, error types, and position of preserved constituents in erroneous responses. The results show that most participants were specifically impaired with compounds compared to long matched simple nouns. Furthermore, the grammatical class of the modifier affected the qualitative error pattern for three participants with agrammatic aphasia who were particularly impaired in retrieving the verbal modifier constituent as compared to the nominal head. In contrast, for noun–noun compounds no head superiority effect was obtained. Finally, semantic transparency did not affect overall naming accuracies, but the occurrence of constituent errors, i.e. erroneous responses overlapping with the target in one constituent. More constituent errors were observed for transparent than opaque targets. The results are compatible with decompositional and dual route accounts.


Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins. Up to now, 13 AQPs have been known in mammals. AQPs play a key role in water osmotic flow in various cells. the members of aquaporin protein family have been identified as H2O transposters across organelle and plasma membranes. AQPs of the aquaammoniaporin type are highly permeable for water and ammonia. In this study, we have evaluated the structure of AQP5 using two computational methods. We investigated the potential and kinetic energy, as well as maximum and minimum difference of atomic charge for AQP5. The atomic study of AQP5 protein showed that the minimum and maximum value of atomic charge in the presence and absence of water were related to sections (1-15). The water effect is generally considered to be the major driving force in the folding of AQP5. different sections of AQP5 behaved different in the presence or absence of water, and have different functionalities. Also, the absolute value of atomic charge difference for AQP5 sections was proven as an important feature in protein structural changes. HIGHLIGHTS •AQP5's function and structure are dependent on the presence and absence of water. •The presence of water molecules around AQP5 protein causes changes in dynamic properties. •The optimum functions of AQP5 are arisen at low energy levels and the presence of water. •kinetic energy for AQP5 protein in mode of no water has the lowest fluctuations but in presence of water considerable fluctuations are seen.


The number of available Linked Data datasets has been increasing over time. Despite this, their use to recognise entities in unstructured plain text (Entity Linking task) is still limited to a small number of datasets. In this paper we propose a framework adaptable to the structure of generic Linked Data datasets. This adaptability allows a broader use of Linked Data datasets for the Entity Linking task.


Let R be a non-commutative G-graded ring with unity and M be a G-graded left R-module. We define the concept of a graded 2-absorbing submodule and show that if the ring is commutative, then the concept is the same as the original definition of that of K. Al-Zoubi and R. Abu-Dawwas. We give an example to show that in general these two concepts are different. Many properties of graded 2-absorbing submodules are introduced which are similar to the results for commutative rings.


Natural gas pipeline laying process will inevitably go through some of the earthquake-prone areas, these areas of soil subsidence, will cause the pipeline vacant, vacant section of the pipeline failure may cause pipeline rupture. Effects of suspended pipeline stress safety usually have two factors: suspended length and the buoyancy of water. In order to explore the sensitivity of these two factors on suspended pipeline stress, we do numerical simulation of XX suspended pipeline using the general stress analysis software CAESAR II. Research shows that suspended length of pipe is having a greater sensitivity on pipeline stress, and the buoyancy of water is relatively small. The results provide some reference for safety management and selection of pipeline.


Populism studies increasingly focus on the role of leaders' political styles and performances in the surge of the populist radical right. Populist radical right leaders claim to protect "pure people" (a category that they define, in contradistinction to elites) against "threats" stemming from migration and globalization. Their political style is designed to show that they are cut out for such a "protective" role; therefore, it is based on gendered performances and discourses. Performances of hegemonic masculinity play a central role in determining this style. Yet, it is not only men who embrace such performances. Focusing on the political styles and performances of female leaders provides a fertile ground to discuss the centrality of gender to the populist radical right. Keeping in mind the dynamism of the concepts of hegemonic masculinity and femininity, this study investigates Marine Le Pen's (the leader of France's Rassemblement National) political style and performance through a gender perspective.


In this paper, a novel algorithm of remote sensing image fusion based on statistical model is presented. The main research goal of this study is to explore a new technique for remote sensing image fusion. By using the statistical features of SAR and optical images, fused image not only combines multi-source information, but also realizes speckle noise suppression. Local-window adaptive correction is achieved according to the relationship between the edge features and the current analysis point. Model parameters are estimated by the data of local-window. The proposed algorithm improves the performance of fusion processing, and helps preserve edge features. The fusion results between SAR image and optical image show the validity of the algorithm.


This article examines a study of the health status and attrition rates of three 5-year cohorts of U.S. Navy women (n = 119,167) who enlisted between 1973 and 1987. Comparisons also were conducted with women's data from other branches of the military. Results show that pregnancy-related conditions, primarily childbirth, were the leading reasons for a hospitalization, followed by genitourinary conditions and mental disorders. The most frequently occurring reasons for a premature separation were for pregnancy/parenthood and unsuitability. The time interval of greatest vulnerability for a hospitalization or separation tended to be after the first year of active duty. Such findings support the need for further research on the psychosocial correlates of early active-duty pregnancies as well as for the implementation of such training programs as planned parenthood.


Short-contact-time reactors have potential for high throughput in reactors much smaller than their traditional counterparts. While they operate adiabatically, heat can be exchanged at short contact time by integrating heat exchange into the reactor. Hot effluent of exothermic reaction systems can be redirected over feed gases to recuperate a portion of the sensible heat. Placing catalyst directly on reactor walls eliminates the resistance to heat transfer in the thermal boundary layer so that heat released by combustion can be effectively coupled to an emitter, such as in a radiant burner. A radiant heater was constructed, operated, and simulated incorporating short contact time, energy recuperation, and a catalytic wall. This burner operated stably for many hours at a firing rate from ∼50 to > 160 kW/m2 at a radiant temperature of 950 to 1,150 K at a radiant efficiency of ∼60% with a residence time in the reacting zone of ∼10 ms. This reactor was modeled using 2-D Navier-Stokes equations including detailed models for chemistry and heat transport. Temperature and compositions predicted agreed well with experimental measurements.


Radar-based estimates of rainfall rates and accumulations are one of the principal tools used by the National Weather Service (NWS) to identify areas of extreme precipitation that could lead to flooding. Radar-based rainfall estimates have been compared to gauge observations for 13 convective storm events over a densely instrumented, experimental watershed to derive an accurate reflectivity–rainfall rate (i.e., Z–R) relationship for these events. The resultant Z–R relationship, which is much different than the NWS operational Z–R, has been examined for a separate, independent event that occurred over a different location. For all events studied, the NWS operational Z–R significantly overestimates rainfall compared to gauge measurements. The gauge data from the experimental network, the NWS operational rain estimates, and the improved estimates resulting from this study have been input into a hydrologic model to "predict" watershed runoff for an intense event. Rainfall data from the gauges and from the derived Z–R relation produce predictions in relatively good agreement with observed streamflows. The NWS Z–R estimates lead to predicted peak discharge rates that are more than twice as large as the observed discharges. These results were consistent over a relatively wide range of subwatershed areas (4–148 km 2 ). The experimentally derived Z–R relationship may provide more accurate radar estimates for convective storms over the southwest United States than does the operational convective Z–R used by the NWS. These initial results suggest that the generic NWS Z–R relation, used nationally for convective storms, might be substantially improved for regional application.


To demonstrate advanced distributed generation system integration strategies,a single-phase laboratory-scale microgrid system is set up.Two micro sources are included in the microgrid,a photovoltaic simulator and a wind turbine simulator.They are connected to the AC grid via a flexible power electronic interface respectively.To maintain stable operation,a battery energy storage system is connected via a bi-directional inverter in the microgrid.In the grid-connected mode,both micro source inverters and bi-directional inverter are in the constant power control mode.In the islanded mode,the bi-directional inverter switches to the voltage and frequency control mode by Absorbing or releasing energy.Experimental results show that the laboratory-scale microgrid system can operate in either grid-connected or islanded mode,with a seamless transfer from one to another,and hence increase the reliability of energy supplies.


Summary In this study the molecular structure of birch xylan was altered by ozonation. Longer ozonation times increased the cleavage of aromatic rings in the lignin residues attached to the xylan molecules, resulting in the formation of muconic acid derivatives and other carboxylic acid structures. Size exclusion chromatography showed a decreasing molar mass of xylan after ozonation. The ozonation improved xylan solubility as evidenced by the reduced amounts of aggregates in aqueous solution. Atomic force microscopy showed increases in the sizes of the aggregates. Furthermore, the ozonation resulted in a decreased ability of xylan to assemble into particle-like structures on cellulose surfaces. We therefore believe that there is a relationship between xylan aggregation in aqueous solution and the formation of xylan surface structures on cellulose.


Research has demonstrated that staph aureus is in increased supply on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients coupled with less overall diversity in the number of bacteria on their skin, suggesting therapies that achieve balance in the skin microbiome could help to manage atopic dermatitis.


Heat shock proteins are conservative proteins synthesized in cells or life by heat acclimation. The preliminary results of the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP70) in spring wheat in arid area were reported. By Heat Acclimation the expression of HSP70 on the level of gene and protein in spring wheat was remarkably improved. The resistance of wheat might be improved. In other words, the resistance in tissues of crop might be improved by heat acclimation, and then the yield of the crop could be promoted in arid area.


Two compounds [Er2(p-CH3C6H4COO)10(phen)2](1),[Ho2(p-CH3C6H4COO)10(phen)2](2)were synthesized by the hydrothermal method.Their structures were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction.The IR,UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra and emission spectra in the near-infrared(NIR)region were determined in the room temperature,and analyzed in detail.Their NIR luminescent properties were mainly studied and the result indicates that ligand having rigid conjugated structure can provide energy for luminescence of Ln3+,make it having obvious luminescence in near-infrared.


Obejctive To improve a kind of handwriting collector for medical record and provide information tools for doctor of outpatient and emergency.Methods Combining with the work features and the situation of EMR in outpatient and emergency department,this paper mainly discusses the innovation research and design process of a clinic electronic medical record by means of handwriting recognition technology and XML technology.Results Based on handwriting recognition technology and XML technology,a new electronic medical record system was built.Conclusion The system optimizes the outpatient and emergency work process,improves the doctor's work efficiency and hospital management level..


Objective To study on the treatment of T 1~2 N 0M 0 vocal card carcinoma with partial laryngectomy with imbrication laryngoplasty(PLIL).Methods PLIL includes a composite resection of the entire vocal fold, with its ligament, muscle, adjacent paraglottic tissues, and the adjacent block of thyroid cartilage. A neocord is reconstructed by imbricating the remaining thyroid cartilage strips and covering them with a false vocal fold flap. Results 31 patients (T 1, n =32; T 2, n = 27) underwent PLIL. Average time to decannulation was 5.8 days, and median time to oral food intake was 5 days. Clear margins were achieved in 57 patients (96%). Follow up ranged from 1 to 6 years (median duration of follow up, 4.7 years). In the patients who had clear margins at the initial surgery, the rate of overall disease control was 100%. Voice quality was judged by the physician as good or excellent in 100% of 31 patients who underwent PLIL, and as better than typical hemilaryngectomy in 28 patients (97%). Fifty nine patients (97%) were satisfied with their voice quality. Conclusions PLIL provides us with a single modality curative approach to unilateral glottic carcinoma. It also provides rapid recovery of oral and/or nasal airway and swallowing, excellent voice quality, and a disease-control rate similar to or better than other treatment modalities.


The traditional technological paradigm and trajectory theory illustrates the rationale of technological advancement, and implies how latecomer companies can seize the windows of opportunity of catching up and leapfrogging while new technological trajectory emerges. Yet, evidences from emerging markets have shown that industrial entry barriers are widely persist, and sometimes insurmountable for latecomers as they are often restrained by limited resources basis especially technological resource foundations. This study proposes market-based innovation paradigm and trajectories as a complementary approach to the technological dimension of trajectory theories. Illustrative cases of Chinese firms' industrial entry and development show how latecomers can exploit a market trajectory perspective to continuously create value for the evolutionary consumer preferences, and gain competitiveness. Besides managerial implications for latecomer firms' innovation and catching-up, this study also contributes to and bridges theories and literature such as trajectory, disruptive innovation, innovation ecosystem and reverse innovation.


This research is motivated to conserve fuel and minimize emissions produced by vehicles and aims to produce a concentration of exhaust emissions produced in the manufacture of motorcycles in 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively 3 motors annually. Measurements were performed using PEM (Portable Emissions Analyzer-9004) with a variation of the engine rotation 3500, 4000, 5000 and 6000. The results showed every round of the motorcycle engine is increased, the concentration of CO and NOx increases. The results of this research to get the emissions are different for each type of vehicle because of the type of fuel, vehicle age, engine size, vehicle weight, vehicle speed, number of stops and running, the engine speed resulting in incomplete combustion. Incomplete combustion which causes high emissions of exhaust gases produced, but the exhaust emissions generated in this study are still below the quality standards of Environment Regulation No. 12 of 2010 of 4.5% for the four-step motot bike with DC-CDI ignition system.


Accreting binary white dwarf systems are among the sources expected to emanate gravitational waves that the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will detect. We investigate how accurately the binary parameters may be measured from LISA observations. We complement previous studies by performing our parameter estimation on binaries containing a low-mass donor with a thick, hydrogen-rich envelope. The evolution is followed from the early, pre-period minimum stage, in which the donor is non-degenerate, to a later, post-period minimum stage with a largely degenerate donor. We present expressions for the gravitational wave amplitude, frequency, and frequency derivative in terms of white dwarf parameters (masses, donor radius, etc.), where binary evolution is driven by gravitational wave radiation and accretion torques, and the donor radius and logarithmic change in radius ($\eta_{\rm d}$) due to mass loss are treated as model parameters. We then perform a Fisher analysis to reveal the accuracy of parameter measurements, using models from Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) to estimate realistic fiducial values at which we evaluate the measurement errors. We find that the donor radius can be measured relatively well with LISA observations alone, while we can further measure the individual masses if we have an independent measurement of the luminosity distance from electromagnetic observations. When applied to the parameters of the recently-discovered white dwarf binary ZTF J0127+5258, our Fisher analysis suggests that we will be able to constrain the system's individual masses and donor radius using LISA's observations, given ZTF's measurement of the luminosity distance.


We demonstrate that deep neural networks can be trained on object-intensity pairs to efficiently and accurately produce object estimates from unseen raw intensity images at test time, thus solving the inverse problem.


Embodiments of the invention provide a control method and apparatus for video encoding bit rate, the technical field relates to video coding, the video encoder outputs to control the instantaneous rate does not exceed the upper limit code rate, to prevent loss or network congestion; the method comprises, a first sliding window installation position, so that the current frame is in the N-th frame of the first sliding window; the number of bits for all frames compressed stream in a first sliding window, and if greater than the preset rate the upper limit is not output a current frame; wherein the first sliding window size equal to a preset frame rate N. Embodiment of the present invention for video encoding.


The natural sublime, in a neo-romantic sense, describes the aesthetic affect caused when certain qualities of natural phenomena overwhelm the subject perceptually and imaginatively. As the human perceiver is consumed by, for example, the power, vastness, darkness, or silence of the desert, the forest, mountains, the ocean or foreboding skies, they can potentially experience a disclosure of the structure of perceiving nature and its totalities. Moreover, this structure is an integrated nexus between transcendental aspects of, firstly, the biophysical world, secondly, our limited visual/auditory systems, thirdly, our perceptions in consciousness and, fourthly, the workings of reason. Therefore, theories of the sublime are linked to the self-transcending tendencies of reality, that is, the tendency of natural phenomena to reveal frontiers of matter, space, time, and human perception. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the emergence of a cinematic sublime. The thesis achieves this aim through practice-based research that involves both original experimental film production and critical analysis of theoretical and artistic texts. Both the thesis' creative and exegetical components seek to answer a single research question, namely, how cinematic representations of nature may evoke an aesthetic of the sublime. These distinct yet related research components are both informed by diverse philosophical concepts and methodologies. These include the romantic, modern and post-modern sublime; transcendence; hierophany; the metaphysical imagination; critical realism (as a philosophy of nature and perception); phenomenology; emergence; and transcendental film style theories. Both the exegetical and cinematic components investigate an organic transcendental film style and are informed by landscape painting and the films of Werner Herzog and Andrei Tarkovsky. The thesis' exegetical component includes two theoretical and two analytical chapters. The thesis' creative component includes footage shot in a number of biodiverse wilderness and world heritage areas in Aotearoa/New Zealand, Australia, and Japan. The creative work has employed research-led and practice-led methodologies and is presented through a website. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................. 1 List of illustrations ................................................................................................................. 2 General Introduction ............................................................................................................. 4 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................................. 11 The Romantic natural sublime and a transcendental film style: from nature to film Introduction 1.1 The Romantic natural sublime and nature's self-transcending tendencies 1.2 The trajectory of the cinematic sublime: From painting to film 1.3 Transcendental film style theories Conclusion Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................................. 44 The cinematic sublime and an organic transcendental film style Introduction 1.1 Phenomenology and transcendental film style: Joseph Kickasola, Vivian Sobchack, Jean-Luc Marion 1.2 Organic transcendence: the science and philosophy of nature's self-transcending tendencies 1.3 The phenomenology of dreams and cinema 1.4 An organic transcendental film style Conclusion Chapter 3 .............................................................................................................................. 75 Nature's self-transcending tendencies and the metaphysical imagination in the films of Werner Herzog Introduction 1.1 Cinematic wilderness, nature's self-transcending tendencies, alterity and the metaphysical imagination 1.2 Representations of nature's self-transcending tendencies and the metaphysical imagination in Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979) 1.3 Haunting transcendental style music 1.4 The ruckenfigur technique in Heart of Glass (1976) 1.5 Haunting autonomous landscapes in The Enigma of Kaspar Hause (1974) 1.6 Cinematic wilderness: an emergent field of meaning and affect Conclusion Chapter 4 ............................................................................................................................ 108 Nature's self-transcending tendencies and transcendental spheres of human experience in the films of Andrei Tarkovsky Introduction 4.1 The phenomenology of dreams and film 4.2 Andrei Tarkovsky's cinema: An organic transcendental film style 4.3 Organic flow through space and time: Nature's self-transcending tendencies and dreaming in Mirror (1975), Stalker (1979) and Solaris (1972) Conclusion General Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 130 Appendix: ........................................................................................................................... 134 Practice-based, research-led, practice-led, and transdisciplinary doctoral research Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 139 Filmography ....................................................................................................................... 146


The following possibilities to improve the roentgendiagnosis, especially the screening are briefly discussed: by aid of further increase of brightness through electrotonic intensification of the image and through introduction of difference of colour besides the contrast of luminosity so far solely used


This paper explores the creation of smart mobs and their ability to gain knowledge, social capital, and expand individual authority through participation. The evolution of smart mobs through computer-mediated communications has extended and expanded the traditional realm of individual influence and authority. In the decade since Rheingold identified smart mobs, this type of behavior has continued to grow and expand, influencing social, political and economic domains. But what makes or breaks a smart mob? Researchers in the last decade have tried unsuccessfully to identify their key components. This paper offers a "recipe" for creating smart mobs, by discovering the must-have characteristics that are necessary for their success: Desire for Communication; Affordable Communication Devices; Opportunities for Instantaneous Communication; Shared Goal; and Small Time Frame. In conclusion we propose that the future of effective smart mobs can be based on a template that has been successfully implemented since 2008, and that as individuals gain authority through the vehicle of smart mobs, governments will have to re-define their role in response to the collective action facilitated by smart mobs.


Kawasaki disease, first reported more than 25 years ago in Japan (1), is the result of a multisystem vasculitis which is almost certainly of infectious aetiology although the infective agent remains to be identified. It is more common in oriental children that in caucasians, in whom the incidence is 3.4 per 100,000, with Afro-Americans having an intermediate incidence. The majority of children are less than 4 years of age, the peak incidence is at the end of the first year of life, and boys are more commonly affected than girls (2,3). Though a caucasian patient who grew up and lived in Goroka has been reported with Kawasaki disease (4), this is the first report, as far as we are aware, of the disease in a Papua New Guinean child.


In recent years, popular and public debate on migration has become ever more trenchant. The hostile tone of debate has provided the coalition government with a legitimate basis upon which to pursue reform of the immigration system aimed at reducing net migration 'from hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands' and limiting the rights of migrants in the UK. This article reviews these reforms and considers the likelihood of the government meeting its target of reducing net migration to below 100,000. Finally, a series of neglected issues demanding the urgent attention of migration policy are outlined.


Uniform flow in river bends of rectangular or arbitrary cross section has been calculated by the slip velocity method and the results are compared with experiments. It is concluded that the helical motion introduced by the channel curvature may be fairly well described. The results are then applied to the more complex problem of flow in a river bend with movable bed. Next, the problem of flow in a meandering channel with fixed side walls has been investigated, using a special system of curvilinear coordinates. The solution of the linearized flow equations yields a method for calculation of the distribution of the bed shear stress. In the first approximation the large-scale bottom geometry is calculated by considering the lateral sediment balance. The helical flow will move the sediment particles towards the curvature center, while the transverse slope of the bed will give a movement in the opposite direction.


Published by Oxford University Press and JSCR Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. © The Author(s) 2023. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com Oxford Medical Case Reports, 2023, 7, 259–260


This paper provides insights into the process driving the fast transition of an impulsively accelerated, then decelerated interface between gases of different densities, such as the one produced by the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, when the timescale of this transitional process is of the same order as the characteristic timescales representative of the resulting turbulence. In this context, a new experimental approach is exposed. For the first time, it allows to design well-defined initial gaseous interfaces in a multiparametric and controlled way, giving access to a precise statistical analysis of the flow. An overview of the main results obtained by means of strioscopic, particle image velocimetry and tomoscopic measurements is provided. They unravel the fast transition of the mixing zone to a turbulent state, as the imprint of the initial condition is lost and the dynamical spectral content covers a wide range of scales, compatible with the achievement of a self-similar trend on very short timescales.


This paper examines strategies employing stock options, index options, index futures options, and index futures contracts in an effort to establish under what conditions a portfolio manager should diversify into these derivative assets. The results show that futures option call writing and put buying are dominated by third-order stochastic dominance when compared to similar index options. Thus, when covered call writing or protective put buying are being considered, index options appear to be the better choice. Copyright 1989 by MIT Press.


We present a measurement of the relativistic corrections to the thermal Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect spectrum, the rSZ effect, toward the massive galaxy cluster RX J1347.5-1145 by combining submillimeter images from Herschel-SPIRE with millimeter wavelength Bolocam maps. Our analysis simultaneously models the SZ effect signal, the population of cosmic infrared background galaxies, and the galactic cirrus dust emission in a manner that fully accounts for their spatial and frequency-dependent correlations. Gravitational lensing of background galaxies by RX J1347.5-1145 is included in our methodology based on a mass model derived from the Hubble Space Telescope observations. Utilizing a set of realistic mock observations, we employ a forward modeling approach that accounts for the non-Gaussian covariances between the observed astrophysical components to determine the posterior distribution of SZ effect brightness values consistent with the observed data. We determine a maximum a posteriori (MAP) value of the average Comptonization parameter of the intracluster medium (ICM) within R 2500 to be 〈y〉2500 = 1.56 × 10−4, with corresponding 68% credible interval [1.42, 1.63] × 10−4, and a MAP ICM electron temperature of 〈T sz〉2500 = 22.4 keV with 68% credible interval spanning [10.4, 33.0] keV. This is in good agreement with the pressure-weighted temperature obtained from Chandra X-ray observations, 〈T x,pw〉2500 = 17.4 ± 2.3 keV. We aim to apply this methodology to comparable existing data for a sample of 39 galaxy clusters, with an estimated uncertainty on the ensemble mean 〈T sz〉2500 at the ≃ 1 keV level, sufficiently precise to probe ICM physics and to inform X-ray temperature calibration.


We have developed and demonstrated a scheme to achieve rotationally-closed photon cycling in polyatomic molecules with complex hyperfine structure and sensitivity to hadronic symmetry violation, specifically $^{171}$YbOH and $^{173}$YbOH. We calculate rotational branching ratios for spontaneous decay and identify repumping schemes which use electro-optical modulators (EOMs) to address the hyperfine structure. We demonstrate our scheme by cycling photons in a molecular beam and verify that we have achieved rotationally-closed cycling by measuring optical pumping into unaddressed vibrational states. Our work makes progress along the path toward utilizing photon cycling for state preparation, readout, and laser cooling in precision measurements of polyatomic molecules with complex hyperfine structure.


In this article an application of conformal mapping to aerofoil theory is studied from a geometric and calculus point of view. The problem is suitable for undergraduate teaching in terms of a project or extended piece of work, and brings together the concepts of geometric mapping, parametric equations, complex numbers and calculus. The Joukowski and Karman–Trefftz aerofoils are studied, and it is shown that the Karman–Trefftz aerofoil is an improvement over the Joukowski aerofoil from a practical point of view. For the most part only a spreadsheet program and pen and paper is required, only for the last portion of the study of the Karman–Trefftz aerofoils a symbolic computer package is employed. Ignoring the concept of a conformal mapping and instead viewing the problem from a parametric point of view, some interesting mappings are obtained. By considering the derivative of the mapped mapping via the chain rule, some new and interesting analytical results are obtained for the Joukowski aerofoil, and numerical results for the Karman–Trefftz aerofoil.


This study examined the classroom discipline orientations of pre‐service elementary teachers both before and after the student teaching experience. Prior to beginning and immediately after completing their full‐time student teaching experience, pre‐service teachers (N = 220) from three southeastern universities in the USA completed a discipline belief instrument which identified their preferred model of classroom discipline. The results showed that the student teaching experience significantly increased beginning teachers' preferences toward a more assertive discipline model (Rules and Consequences) and decreased their preferences toward the humanistic discipline model (Relationship–Listening). These results demonstrate that the student teaching experience may be creating a dissonance in prior knowledge and beliefs, and experiences of pre‐service teachers in classrooms. The results of the study suggest that teacher education programs can help pre‐service teachers transition more smoothly into classroom teaching by providing a school–university partnership as well as more lessons and advice on handling specific classroom management situations.


The induced magnetic field of fullerenes is strongly dependent on the charge state, where C60 is depicted as a nonaromatic species, in contrast to C6010+ which exhibits a strong spherical aromatic character. Here, we account for the response of relevant charged stable building blocks for novel extended networks with variable applications, as observed in A12C60 and A6C60 phases (A = alkali metal), given by, Li12C60 and Na6C60, as well as four different charge states of C60q (q = +10, 0, −6, −12), to an external magnetic field is studied in detail, focusing on the contributions from the π and σ systems to the induced magnetic field. C60, C606–, and C6012– accounts for the variation of their isolated species upon addition of charge, whereas C6010+ is a hypothetical highly aromatic counterpart. Our results show that each spherical shell and each canonical molecular orbital exhibit characteristic patterns, revealing the direct dependence of the magnetic response, and therefore of spherical aromatic character, ...


The aim of this paper is to understand the developing situation of the construction industry in Sichuan province. In this study, the annual construction industry output and labor productivity of 21 cities in Sichuan province were chosen as basic indicators from 2004 to 2014. Based on the two indicators, the absolute difference and difference coefficient were calculated to reflect to time and space change of the development of the construction industry in Sichuan province, while the Gini coefficient of construction industry in Sichuan province was calculated to evaluate the overall developing situation of the construction industry. The results show that the absolute difference and the difference coefficient in the study period were increasing year by year, but in the later, the increase of them has slowed down. The overall development of the construction industry in Sichuan province is in the stage of growth convergence and difference maintenance in Williamson converse-U curve, the construction industry takes on area-aggregation phenomenon. The results indicate that the overall development of the construction industry in Sichuan province is not balance.


Hyperfine splittings arising from the presence of a quadrupolar nucleus at the center of a molecule belonging to the point group Td or Oh (e.g., 189OsO4 or 235UF6) are symmetry forbidden to a high degree of approximation. Nevertheless, quadrupole splittings can be induced by either vibrational or rotational distortions of the molecule, i.e., by distortions similar to those responsible for inducing electric dipole moments in Td molecules. Such hyperfine splittings have recently been observed in several laboratories using laser saturation spectroscopy. In this paper we investigate theoretically the quadrupole splittings induced by excitation of doubly and triply degenerate vibrations in Td and Oh molecules. We find that much of the vibration–rotation formalism already present in the methane literature can be applied with only minor changes to the induced‐quadrupole‐coupling problem, and that rather simple theoretical relationships can be derived between the quadrupole splitting and the tetrahedral or octahe...


We observed the production of oil crops in the Omsk region in 2016–2020. There are presented data on dynamics of sowing areas under oil crops (sunflower, soybean, oil flax, spring rapeseed, false flax, etc.). Production of oil crops is economically profitable due to sharp rise in sale prices of seeds and decrease in prime cost as a result of lowering of expenses for production. A level of profitability during a research period varied hard depending on expenses for chemicals. The most economically resulting was 2020, yields of oil flax and spring rapeseed was the highest. We studied impact of climatic conditions on yield of oil crops, namely precipitation amount in a period flowering–maturing. Increased interest to oil flax, rapeseed and soybean is conditioned with high economic efficiency of production, good adaptability to the climate of the Western Siberia, high yield and oil content, creating of favorable background for the further crops in rotation. Growth of oil crops production in the Omsk region can be reached both by intensive and extensive components of production. Intensive direction is realized by a range of factors including formation of varietal structure of crops, implementation of an intensive technology including all elements of oil crops cultivation. An extensive way proposes expansion of sowing areas involving fallow lands into sowing structure and northward expansion of early maturing crops cultivation, such as spring turnip rape, false flax and mustard.


The STRETCH meat grinder and the ICCOS are two typical inductive pulsed power supply circuits for electromagnetic launch system. On the basis of combing both, a new topology-STRETCH meat grinder with ICCOS-was put forward by Tsinghua University in 2013. After launching the railgun load, all of the remaining energy is stored in the energy transfer capacitor of the circuit. In this paper, the corresponding recovery circuit is designed for the circuit containing four STRETCH meat grinder with ICCOS circuits connected in a XRAM way in order to reuse the remaining energy. The prototype system has 4kA charging current, and thus 28.19kJ magnetic energy. More remaining energy can be recovered by triggering the related thyristors with more times. Simulation results show that the topology with the suggested energy recovery circuit can roughly recover 1/3 of the residual energy to the primary power and has potential prospects for high energy storage systems in the future.


The paper considers the problems of designing autonomous power supply systems using the renewable energy resources. The efficiency of using energy resources in conditions of growing prices for electricity brings significant saving of both energy and financial factors. The analyses show that the main losses of energy resources are the result of inefficient use, distribution and consumption of electrical energy. There has been stated one of the most important problems of energy saving: many existing consumers are located at a significant distance from centralized power supply systems. Today connecting such consumers to large power grids is economically inexpedient. These facilities are supplied from the stand-alone power plants. According to the program of energy saving and energy efficiency improvement of FGC UES, PJSC, reducing electricity consumption for auxiliary needs of transformer substations is one of the main mechanisms for the program implementation.


A providing bridge rail traveling gantry crane which can travel by being guided by the curved rail during the repair of the Matagamichi bridges etc., shortening of the construction period, achieving suppression of the cost. The lower portion of the strut 10 of the portal system 5 for attaching the A handling device, is separated by the separation portion 11, the upper and portal equipment unit 12, the lower a trapezoidal vehicle part 14, with portal facilities 12 configure the portal system 5, to fix the base vehicle part 14 in the bogie 2. The separation portion 11, the lower end of the 該門 type equipment unit 12 in gantry equipment unit 12 side, turn the head bottom plate 12a, the base plate 12b, and a bearing plate 16 is fixed, the platform base vehicle location in the vehicle-mounted part 14 side the upper end of the section 14, in turn the head bottom plate 14a, the base plate 14b, buffer plate 14c, Yes fixing the bearing plate 16, is in surface contact with the bearing plate 16 together. Is passed through the support shaft 18 from head bottom plate 12a to the head bottom plate 14a is rotatable together with portal facilities 12 and the base-board portion 14. During running of the curved portion of the rail, the platform vehicle section 14 to allow the traveling rotates relative to portal placement portion 12. .FIELD 1


Thank you very much for downloading literacy in the pre school the roles of teachers and parents. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this literacy in the pre school the roles of teachers and parents, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


A new class of embedded error correcting quantum codes is discussed. These detected-jump correcting quantum codes are capable of stabilizing distinguishable qubits against spontaneous decay. Due to their low redundancy and due to the small number of control measurements and recovery operations required these new error-correcting quantum codes offer interesting perspectives for quantum computation. In this contribution main ideas underlying these embedded error correcting quantum codes and their links to fundamental concepts of combinatorial design theory are discussed. In addition, possibilities are explored for implementing universal quantum gates within these code spaces.


We present a new algorithm based on the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and an Enhanced Artificial Bee Colony (EABC) algorithm to detect and quantify multiple flaws in structures. The concept is based on recent work that have shown the synergy between XFEM, used to model the forward problem, and a Genetic-type Algorithm (GA) to solve an inverse identification problem and converge to the "best" flaw parameters [1,2]. While previous work only considered quantification of a single flaw, we propose an adaptive algorithm that can detect multiple flaws by introducing a topological variable into the search space and adaptively turning on/off flaws during run time [3]. Several numerical examples of increasing level of difficulty are studied in order to evaluate the proposed algorithm. In particular we consider identification of multiple flaws with unknown information on their number, the proximity of flaws, flaws having irregular shapes (similar to artificial noise) and the effect of structured/unstructured meshes. The results show that the proposed XFEM-EABC algorithm is robust an efficient for nondestructive detection and quantification of multiple flaws in structures. [1] H. Waisman, E. Chatzi and A. W. Smyth, Detection and quantification of flaws in structures by the extended finite element method and genetic algorithms , International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 82(3):303-328, 2010. [2] E. Chatzi, B. Hiriyur, H. Waisman and A. W. Smyth, Experimental application and enhancement of the XFEM-GA algorithm on the detection of flaws in structures , Computers & Structures 89 (7-8):556-570, 2011. [3] H. Sun, H. Waisman and R. Betti, Nondestructive identification of multiple flaws in structures using XFEM and a topologically adapting enhanced ABC algorithm , International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 95(10):871-900, 2013.


Abstract : The results of the DARC/NAS (HOST) bi-directional interface testing are described in this report. The DARC and NAS systems were physically connected by the General Purpose Output (GPO)/General Purpose Input (GPI) lines. Controller and supervisory messages were entered automatically by time from both the DARC and NAS systems. Both systems used common simulated radar data. Results were examined by analyzing recorded data to determine the transparency of the system.


Germany shows a heterogeneous composition of soils and sites. There are dry and resilient as well as humid and sensitive sites. In the last years we observed an increasing degradation of sensitive soils caused by poorly adapted harvesting methods (standard methods). In most instances those standard methods represent the cheapest alternative among other technically suitable processes. In some heavy cases of degradation it was necessary to put grit into the skid trail to preserve the technical trafficability. The research project "Income effects of harvesting" uses a cross-period balance of incomes and expenses. It demonstrates in an economic way that careful harvesting methods are advantageous because they avoid the technical degradation of the skid road. Basis of this evaluation is the question which potential harvesting methods are possible and workable depending on soil and site respectively. For this decision it is necessary to consult a panel of experts. These experts have special knowledge about harvesting methods and damages which can appear by using the standard methods. For them it is possible to assess the common practice and the rehabilitation of the damaged skid trails. In the majority of cases the process costs of careful methods are higher than those of standard methods. Therefore, the second step of the study will be to calculate the costs and the productivities on the basis of existing data. The contribution margin and the operating results can be calculated with the aid of costs, revenues (equal in all scenarios and therefore insignificant) and capital holding values. The balance sheet helps to find a conclusion, which harvesting method will be the better one under certain conditions. The results should conduce soil protection by using economic evidence.


Background: Work schedules and conditions have a significant impact on the physical, mental, and social well-being of physicians. The purpose of this study is to determine the workload of physicians working in various departments of a tertiary healthcare centre, as well as the link between physician job load and specialty.
Methods: This Cross-Sectional study was carried out from October 2020 to November 2020 at KRL Hospital Islamabad. Hospital records were used to gather information about the number of patients. Four parameters, such as mental demand, physical demand, time and effort demands were evaluated.
Results: Gynecology had the highest patient load (23 percent), followed by pediatrics (21%) and surgery (14 %). Physically and mentally taxing specialties were urology and maxillofacial surgery. Psychiatry had the lowest demands in terms of mental, physical, time, and effort.
Conclusion: Our study shows that Urology and Internal Medicine are more time-consuming and stressful for the physician to perform. Physicians need better working conditions and less work, so we should focus on stress management and reduction for them.


Internet service providers and enterprise customers are increasingly focusing on the tolerable error rate during transmission. This has high significance especially in service-level agreements. This study concentrates on a stochastic node-failure network (SNFN) with multiple sinks, where each component (arc or node) has several possible capacities and a transmission error rate. Measuring the performance level for an SNFN is an important issue in the system-design and system diagnosis phases. This study evaluates the system reliability of a network, or the probability that the demand is fulfilled under the tolerable error rate. In terms of minimal paths, we propose an efficient algorithm to find all minimal capacity vectors, and then compute the system reliability in terms of all minimal capacity vectors using the recursive sum of disjoint products algorithm. Finally, we test the proposed algorithm for a benchmark network and two practical networks.


The ability to conveniently and continuously measure the processing properties of polymer resins is important both to the resin supplier and to the fabricator. Frequency dependent electromagnetic sensors (FDEMS) provide an in-situ technique for continuous measurement of the resin's rheological changes both in a laboratory press and in manufacturing tools in an autoclave. In this paper the frequency dependence of ϵ*(w) is used to quantitatively monitor the viscosity for a tetraglycidyl 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (TGDDM) amine epoxy, to quantitatively monitor the viscosity during processing In a styrene-polyester resin, and to monitor the cure process in an autoclave during cure of a high temperature polyimide-graphite prepreg. In addition, the technique is used to measure the viscosity at various ply positions in a thick TGDDM graphite epoxy laminate during processing in an autoclave.


A device for use in replacing a bowstring of a compound bow and for storing a compound bow in a partially de-tensioned condition without the need to retune the compound bow upon replacement of the bowstring. A connector including a socket for holding a bowstring fastener which is fixed on the end of one of the cables, and a retainer for maintaining the connector in engagement with the cable, are located at each end of elongate linking means including a lever-operated tensioner. The device is installed on the cables of a compound bow while the bowstring is installed, and the lever-operated tensioner is used to slacken the bowstring, allowing its replacement or removal. With the bowstring removed from the fastener the tensioning device may be extended to reduce tension on the bow to a value below that existent when the bowstring is installed, without completely loosening the cables. A turnbuckle is provided to enable the device to be adjusted for use with compound bows having bowstrings of various lengths. A second embodiment of the device includes a plurality of attachment points for the turnbuckle to provide a greater range of adjustability of effective length.


Fingerling of Clarias gariepinus have been reported to have an optimal protein requirement of 40%. Not much is known about the effect that varying this protein level has in the haematological characteristics (i.e packed cell volume, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and on some landmarks measured along the fish's body. The haematological parameter are useful in assessing the effect of dietary treatment on leanness or robustness in the fish. The results of these experiment reveals that of the 17 landmarks measured on the bodies of the fish species fed dietary protein levels of no protein 11% (low protein), 29% (sub optimal) and 40% (optimal), only four of the landmarks show significant difference. Also, analysis of the haematological characteristics show significant difference in haematoant (PCV) and erthroycte count (RBC) in all the treatments


Gulupa or purple passion fruit is a native fruit produced in Colombia and exported to different international markets. Some problems affecting crop production are related to flowering and fruiting, mainly because of nutrient limitations, such as boron (B) deficiency. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of foliar boron spraying on the phenological development and fruit set of gulupa plants grown under field conditions. This study was carried out in an experimental plantation in the municipality of Pasca (Cundinamarca, Colombia), located at 2,006 m a.s.l. The treatments consisted of three doses of boric acid: T50, T100, T150, and a control, T0, with foliar spray applications in the floral bud and fruit set stages, during two consecutive productive cycles. The length of the productive branches, number of internodes, percentage of fruit set, fruit diameter, and emission of flower buds and fruits were evaluated. The foliar applications of B at the evaluated rates increased the length of the secondary branches, emission of flower buds and fruits, and percentage of fruit set. The best growth results in the first and second cycles were achieved with the T50 treatment although, in terms of fruit set percentage, the T100 treatment was optimal for the first production cycle (85.19%), followed by the T50 treatment for the second production cycle (90%). The fruits of the treatment 0.3 kg ha -1 developed a larger equatorial diameter from 21 days after planting (dap), reaching the maximum diameter (55.68 mm) at 136 dap.


An analysis technique combining RBS with PIXE technology by x-particles incident beam was constructedand applied to analyse light impurities in heavier substrates.It can run in measuring Rutherford backscatteringand X-ray spectra in random and channeling mode,simultaneously.Being used to analyse...


argue the doctrine and discipline of divorce, much as Taylor's conscience drove him to enter the controversy on original sin 'which he knew would bring down on his head the denunciations of almost all of Chris tendom.. . ' (p. 8)? And did they not alike set just limits' to toleration, the one in the Areopagitica and the other in The Liberty of Prophesying (pp. 35f.)? To study Taylor is better to understand the seventeenth century at large. Such is Professor Huntley's sense of economy that he even bypasses his own studies, relevant though they often are. But the reader who is aware of his other contributions will recall that the twofold division of The Liberty of Prophesying argued here (p. 37) is analogous to Sir Thomas Browne's in Religio Medici argued elsewhere, even as the same pattern in Milton expounded on another occasion. Professor Huntley's comprehensiveness of vision, lucidly articulated, has again yielded a study based (as it was said in a different context in 1651) on 'all the advantages of Learning, Arte and Experience.'


The lifeblood of every commercial organization is the revenue stream that pays its expenses and funds its growth. No organization can survive for long if the capture of new revenues does not surpass the accumulation of costs sustained from its operations. The designation of sales as the essential task of a business must be understood and applied as the mantra of management if a healthy organization is to be able to support all of its operations and goals.


Objective: The objective of this research was to develop and validate a simple ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of sildenafil citrate and dapoxetine hydrochloride in a pharmaceutical formulation.Methods: Two simple UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous determination of sildenafil citrate and dapoxetine hydrochloride. For both methods, stock solutions were prepared in methanol followed by the further required dilutions with methanol. Proposed dual-wavelength method and ratio derivative method, the wavelength of maximum absorption for sildenafil citrate and dapoxetine hydrochloride was 292 nm and 231 nm, respectively.Results: In both methods, the linearity range lies between 10 and 60 μg/ml for sildenafil citrate and 2–12 μg/mL for dapoxetine hydrochloride with their respective wavelengths. By dual-wavelength method, the percentage of sildenafil citrate and dapoxetine hydrochloride was found to be 101.3% and 100.3%, respectively.Conclusion: Result obtained in this research work clearly indicated that both these methods were found to be accurate, precise, stable, and robust as indicated by low values of percentage relative standard deviation. Thus, the present study gives an excellent method for the determination of both the drugs in combined tablet formulation.


Author(s): Arata, Heather | Abstract: For the past 45 years, state and federal laws have required government agencies to include the public in the permitting process of facilities that could have a potentially negative impact on human health. Although public participation is a legal requirement, not all participation processes are created equally. Meaningful public participation is more than a legal requirement; it is a way for community residents to engage with government agencies to ensure a fair and inclusive process. While the requirement of public participation is in itself a change for communities once marginalized from permitting decisions, many residents are unable to participate meaningfully. Here the rural and unincorporated community of Kettleman City, California, is used as a case study for examining community strategies for meaningful participation in permitting decisions. This study relies on planning and legal documents, participant observations of recent public meetings, and in-depth interviews with 22 community residents and government officials involved with public meetings. These meetings include the approval of Environmental Impact Reviews (EIR) for a hazardous landfill incinerator project in 1990 and an expansion permit for the same landfill in 2009. Community strategies opposing the public participation process began in 1988 and continued until the final permit was issued in 2014. Participant observation at meetings and interviews with Kettleman City residents show opponents of the landfill projects have utilized a variety of strategies to support their meaningful inclusion in the two public meetings. While they used similar strategies with both meetings, some have proven to be more effective than others. While some strategies facilitated the project opponents' efforts to be meaningfully included, others remain limited due to the legal requirements of public participation procedures, the lack of representation on appointed committees, and a lack of government accountability at the county level.


Effect of Si and Al contents on the magnetic properties and crystal structure of melt-spun SmCo7-xMx (M = Al and Si) ribbons have been investigated. The Rietveld refinement results show that Al and Si prefer to occupy the 3g site in the TbCu7-type structure. The changes in both the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field and the microstructure with Si or Al substitution may account for the variation of magnetic properties. The coercivity of SmCo7−xSix ribbons is enhanced from 1.9 kOe for SmCo7 to 4.7 kOe for SmCo6.5Si0.5 and 2.6 kOe for SmCo6.95Al0.05, which is mainly because of the enhancement of magnetic anisotropy field by the Si and Al substitution for Co in 3g sites. Furthermore, in melt-spun SmCo7−xMx ribbons system, with increasing x, the grain size is slightly reduced for M = Si, but increased for M = Al. In addition, with further increasing x, the enhancement of coercivity is attributed to both the third element substitution for Co in 3g sites and grain refinement.Effect of Si and Al contents on the magnetic properties and crystal structure of melt-spun SmCo7-xMx (M = Al and Si) ribbons have been investigated. The Rietveld refinement results show that Al and Si prefer to occupy the 3g site in the TbCu7-type structure. The changes in both the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field and the microstructure with Si or Al substitution may account for the variation of magnetic properties. The coercivity of SmCo7−xSix ribbons is enhanced from 1.9 kOe for SmCo7 to 4.7 kOe for SmCo6.5Si0.5 and 2.6 kOe for SmCo6.95Al0.05, which is mainly because of the enhancement of magnetic anisotropy field by the Si and Al substitution for Co in 3g sites. Furthermore, in melt-spun SmCo7−xMx ribbons system, with increasing x, the grain size is slightly reduced for M = Si, but increased for M = Al. In addition, with further increasing x, the enhancement of coercivity is attributed to both the third element substitution for Co in 3g sites and grain refinement.


The Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation at the Lund Institute of Technology has taken the responsibility to build and maintain the database for electric and hybrid road vehicles in Sweden. The information is collected from ongoing projects in three largest cities Malmoe, Gothenburg and Stockholm as well as in smaller towns like Skellefteaa and Haernoesand in the northern parts of Sweden. The Lund Electric Vehicle Evaluation-database (LEVE) has been designed to store information about the projects (case studies and project activities), the vehicle owners, interviews, raw data from the electric vehicles and the reference vehicles (with internal combustion engines). Issues such as the follow-up on faults and problems has not been fully referential due to the lack of data. To be able to make fairly good predictions on the consequences of a large-scale introduction of electric vehicles in Sweden, the evaluation should also involve the electric vehicles which are in private usage since that they make up a large percentage of all vehicles in Sweden today. (A)


Equivalent water thickness (EWT) and leaf mass per area (LMA) are important indicators of plant processes, such as photosynthetic and potential growth rates and health status, and are also important variables for fire risk assessment. Retrieving these traits through remote sensing is challenging and often requires calibration with in situ measurements to provide acceptable results. However, calibration data cannot be expected to be available at the operational level when estimating EWT and LMA over large regions. In this study, we assessed the ability of a hybrid retrieval method, consisting of training a random forest regressor (RFR) over the outputs of the discrete anisotropic radiative transfer (DART) model, to yield accurate EWT and LMA estimates depending on the scene modeling within DART and the spectral interval considered. We show that canopy abstractions mostly affect crown reflectance over the 0.75–1.3 μm range. It was observed that excluding these wavelengths when training the RFR resulted in the abstraction level having no effect on the subsequent LMA estimates (RMSE of 0.0019 g/cm2 for both the detailed and abstract models), and EWT estimates were not affected by the level of abstraction. Over AVIRIS-Next Generation images, we showed that the hybrid method trained with a simplified scene obtained accuracies (RMSE of 0.0029 and 0.0028 g/cm2 for LMA and EWT) consistent with what had been obtained from the test dataset of the calibration phase (RMSE of 0.0031 and 0.0032 g/cm2 for LMA and EWT), and the result yielded spatially coherent maps. The results demonstrate that, provided an appropriate spectral domain is used, the uncertainties inherent to the abstract modeling of tree crowns within an RTM do not significantly affect EWT and LMA accuracy estimates when tree crowns can be identified in the images.


The article reviews the book "Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey since 1972," edited by Peter V. Marsden.


1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, 2 Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, 3 Department of Surgery and 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhaus Hallein, Hallein, 5 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Running head: Liver-specific Human PGC-1 Isoform Address correspondence to: Wolfgang Patsch, MD, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Müllner Hauptstr. 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria, Phone: +43 662 44823800 FAX: +43 662 4482885 e-mail: email@example.com


This experiment was conducted to study the effect of astragalus polysaccharide(APS) on growth performance,viscera index,and pancreatic digestive enzyme activities of broilers.256 healthy 1-day-old avian broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups.Group CK,A,B and C received a basal diet supplemented with 0,0.2%,0.4% and 0.6% APS respectively for 14 d.The results showed that ①There were no significant effects of APS on growth performance both in 7-day-old and 14-day-old broilers(P0.05).②There were significant effects of APS on viscera index in 7-day-old broilers(viscera index in group A,B and C was higher than that in the CK,there were significant differences of liver and pancreas index between group B and the CK,there were significant differences of pancreas index between group C and the CK and pancreas index in group B and C were significantly higher than that in group A),but no significant effect on 14-day-old broilers.③Pancreatic lipase and trypsin activity in group A,B and C was higher than that of the CK.For 7-day-old broilers,pancreatic trypsin activity in group C was significantly higher than that in group A,B and the CK;pancreatic lipase activity of group C was significantly higher than that of group A and B.For 14-day-old broilers,pancreatic lipase activity of group A,B and C was higher than that of the CK,and that of group C was significantly higher than that of group A and B.There was no significant effect of APS on pancreatic amylase activity both in 7-day-old and 14-day-old broilers.These results indicated adding of APS had no significant effects on the growth performance of broilers but could increase pancreatic digestive enzyme activities and adding of 6% APS was more suitable to enhance those activities.


Simulated Gastrointestinal Absorption and Metabolite Analysis of Policosanol ZHU Yan-jiao, LI Peng, MENG Fei, HUANG Dong-ting, HUANG Jun-sheng, XIANG Hui (1.School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China) (2. Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510316, China) (3.Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Green Technology of Sugar Industry, Guangzhou 510316, China) Abstract: To investigate the gastrointestinal absorption and metabolite analysis of policosanol in vitro and in vivo, single-phase static gastrointestinal simulation system, in situ circulating intestinal perfusion in rats and integral animal experiments were conducted. The results showed that policosanol could be metabolized into three saturated fatty acids including C12:0, C16:0 and C18:0 in the single-phase static gastrointestinal simulation system. Compared with artificial gastric juice, artificial intestinal juice degraded 42% more policosanol, which was converted to the saturated fatty acid. In intestinal system of rat, policosanol could be absorbed easily by the intestinal tract of rats, and the Papp value of policosanol was 7.02×10 cm/min. Moreover, policosanol were able to be brokn down into fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in the intestinal tract. In the integral animal experiments, at 1, 4, 12 hours after oral gavage of 100 mg/kg policosanol, the alkanol and its metabolites fatty acid could be identified in the serum of mice, which may contribute to regulate serum fatty acid levels and increase the serum level of some unsaturated fatty acids. In summary, our results revealed that policosanol can be metabolized and absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and can also be detected in the animal body in the form of prototypes or metabolites, affecting the level of fatty acids in the body, which may be the basis for its lipid regulation function.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides a wireless communication device having a multi-band Swivel antenna assembly. Its antenna assembly includes a multi-band radiating antenna element and multi-band sleeve makes it possible to tune the antenna to a plurality of resonance. The multi-band antenna element and the sleeve is mounted on the chassis of the communication device by serving a coaxial feeding cable for isolating these elements from the chassis.


In this note we study the convergence properties of a variation of the technique proposed in [1] for solving elliptic steady equations based on a non overlapping domain decomposition and the introduction of a penalty term. Under some regularity we show the properties of this technique. For illustrating purposes we perform the analysis on the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace operator but it can be reproduced for any general symmetric elliptic operator.


The decays of the neutron deficient nuclei 94,95Ag, 100,102In and 102Sn were investigated at the GSI on‐line mass separator. The Gamow‐Teller decay of 100,102In and 102Sn was studied by using an array of germanium detectors and a total absorption spectrometer. In 94Ag and 95Ag, spin‐gap isomers were identified and their decays were investigated. Results obtained in these studies are discussed and compared to predictions of shell model calculations.


Aim: The objectives were to show how utilisation of hospital care among hip fracture patients has changed in Stockholm during 1998—2007 and to explore changes in some demographic and clinical characteristics as well as surgical treatment of the patients. Methods: The Stockholm County Patient Care Register covers all public healthcare services in the region. All patients from 1998 to 2007 who had a hospital stay due to a hip fracture (ICD-10 codes S72.0, S72.1, S72.2) and had undergone hip surgery (NCSP codes NFB09-99 and NFJ39-99) were identified. Number of hospital stays, surgical procedures, deaths, and length of hospital stay were categorised according to age and sex, and presented as absolute and relative numbers year by year. Age- and sex-standardised annual incidence figures were calculated. Results: A total of 28,528 patients (72.2% women, 27.8% men) were hospitalised due to a hip fracture. The annual numbers decreased during the study period in all age groups except men 85 years and older. The age- and sex-standardised hip fracture incidence fell with 16%. Mortality was slightly reduced. The acute care hospital length of stay fell with 1.4 days to 7.0 days, and the whole hospital episode increased by 1.4 days to 17.3 days. Conclusions: Despite a continued increase in the numbers of elderly during 1998—2007, the number of patients and their utilisation of hospital services remained constant and showed a marked decrease in women over 65 years of age. Comparisons with national statistics indicate that the results can be generalised to Sweden.


Abstract A novel vacuum brazing technique, termed glow discharge plasma brazing, is investigated. During the brazing process, the heating temperature of base metals is proportional to the square of the operating barometric pressure and the operating voltage, and the temperature distribution of the base metals is easily regulated by means of suitable measures. The ion beam from the glow discharge anode can efficiently sputterclean the surface of the base metals and the filler metal, which improves the wetting and spreading properties of the filler metal. Unlike the traditional vacuum brazing process, a high quality braze of Fe–Ni alloy is achieved at lower vacuum (a pressure of 5– 30 Pa or higher) by using the glow discharge brazing method. The brazing technique has a promising application in industry.


--The study is an empirical analysis of the influence of globalization on project delivery and organisational performance. This is borne out of the problem that globalization is an ambivalent concept and process with its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) or with costs, benefits and burdens. The objectives of the study are to examine the significant influence of economic liberation on project delivery and organisational performance; to examine the significant influence of technological innovation on organizational performance and project delivery. Being an empirical development research, the survey research design involving the collection, collation and use of primary and secondary data from a representative sample population of 150 (one hundred and fifty) respondents was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used in data presentation, analysis and test of hypotheses in which all null hypotheses were rejected in favour of the alternate hypotheses which were accepted. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made; in the opening of economic borders and removal of trade barriers, nation's economic flows should be increased to enable firm's increase their productivity and efficiency and Company management should try to devise strategies to fulfill consumer perspective to survive in competitive market.


ABSTRACT Planetary warming is one of several existential threats to human civilization. We are now in the climate end-game, facing a choice between dramatic action or a world plunged into outright chaos. The consequences of a failure to respond appropriately to the risks are explored in a scenario that illustrates the impacts of poorly-mitigated fossil fuel use over the next 50 years, including massive disruption of human societies, and identifies the main causes of the epochal failure of governments to protect the people and their future.


Persoonia longifolia R.Br. is a common understorey tree that is difficult to re-establish following bauxite extraction and land restoration in parts of the jarrah forest of south-western Western Australia. To improve restoration outcomes for P. longifolia, understanding its phenology is vital for developing methods for returning this plant to rehabilitated areas. The present study investigated in detail different aspects of the phenology of P. longifolia over a 3-year-period. Most vegetative growth occurred during the summer months and flowering and fruiting occurred concurrently. Fruit matured from July through to September, at which time these dropped to the forest floor. Germination occurred in late winter–early spring from fruit that was at least 1-year old, with poor seedling survival in natural bush (<10%) during the first 12 months. Following fire, P. longifolia plants resprouted prolifically in the next growing season, although there was very little fruit production in the first year following fire. Fruit was not produced until at least the second year following a fire, and when dispersed, required at least another year in the soil seed bank before germination commenced (i.e. 3 years post-fire). Results from the present study will improve restoration outcomes for this species, by providing guidance on better seed-collection strategies and baseline information concerning growth rates under natural conditions that can then be used to assess performance of this species in restored environments.


Temperature‐sensitive folding (tsf) and global‐tsf‐suppressor (su) point mutations affect the folding yields of the trimeric, thermostable phage P22 tailspike endorhamnosidase at elevated temperature, both in vivo and in vitro, but they have little effect on function and stability of the native folded protein. To delineate the mechanism by which these mutations modify the partitioning between productive folding and off‐pathway aggregation, the kinetics of refolding after dilution from acid‐urea solutions and the thermal stability of folding intermediates were analyzed. The study included five tsf mutations of varying severity, the two known su mutations, and four tsf/su double mutants.


Unusually low temperatures (about 156°±16°K) were found in the region of 100-km altitude over Eglin Gulf Test Range, Florida (30°24′N, 86°43′W), at 2315 GMT, December 7, 1961. These low temperatures were determined from 50 density-altitude data points over the altitude range 97.8 to 132.2 km without the use of any independent temperature information. The basic density data and their associated uncertainties were deduced from measurements of drag accelerations on a falling sphere of 2.74 meters diameter. The data are shown graphically in Figure 10 of a recent paper by Faucher et al. [1963], and numerical values of density ρ and its uncertainties δρ are summarized in Table 2 of the same paper.


Today's companies are increasingly being challenged to develop platform-based product families to increase variety of products, while keeping production costs low. In order to provide effective platform-based method and systematically analyzing the customer needs on product design, the functional requirements are classified into basic functional requirements, expectable functional requirements and adjunctive functional requirements. Axiomatic design theory was applied to zigzagging mapping between functional requirements and design parameters, and a new decomposition method to link design matrix and design structure matrix was proposed based on the functional requirements. The common parameters were determined through analyzing the sensitivity of functional requirements to design parameters and the relation degree among design parameters. By way of illustration, a family of drum brake was designed and its results demonstrated the effectiveness and practical value of the method. Categories and Subject Descriptors: J.7 Computers in other systems); Consumer products: D.1.1 Applicative (Functional) Programming General Terms: Product designs, Design matrix


Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of road traffic accidents injuries in order to provide a scientific base for traffic accident prevention. Methods A retrospective analysis was made to 5100 road traffic accident injury cases from July 2004 to December 2007 in Shenzhen. Detailed statistics include gender, age, transportation mode, region, time, injury part and injury pattern. Result Among the injured, male to female rate is 2.15:1; youth and middle age is the largest victim group (90.3%). Bicyclists and pedestrians account for 57.9%. Different age groups, different genders and different regions relate to different results, depending greatly on transportation ways. In terms of injured parts, lower limb injuries rank the first, cranium cerebrum the second, but heavy injuries mainly occure in head and vertebral column. Conclusion Different approaches and measures of prevention should be taken with regard to different age group, different regions, different transport modes and different times.


The author coordinated the research in Poland by the collaboration with civil and military scientific and research centres. In result they elaborated detonation process of spraying coats designed and constructed stands equipped with detonative devices, they also elaborated the techniques of basic coating parameter measurement and built devices for commercial and scientific services. Inthe research the author's achievements within the range of explosive welding have been used. The experience of the scientific teams was very effective. It was observed that many phenomena that take place in the processes of detonative layer coating and explosive welding are the same. In order to obtain a required connection the plastic strain of the connected material surfaces has to be achieved and cumulative flows have to be formed. There are a similar range of the connecting process conditions and the mechanisms of plastic strain. The highest connection strength is obtained when an intermediate zone is formed. The zone has to be composed of the two connected materials. The intermediate layer is formed as a result of mechanical alloying of the materials due to large plastic strain. The plastic strain leads to forming meta-stable phases that have properties of pseudo solid solution, chemical compounds, intermetallic phases and fragmentation corresponding to nanomaterials and amorphous states.


The aim of this paper is to introduce children's language in the novel by Irena Douskova Hrdy Budzes. This language is conditioned by the influence of socialism in the Czech Republic in the 70's, and it is interesting as a linguistic and translational phenomenon. A Czech to Bulgarian translation analysis will help to describe its special features. Individuality and stereotype of this language are a memory to our childhood and common past.


In order to define the role of anther on the pollen embryogenesis in anther culture of tobacco, the presence or absence of starch granules, amount of soluble sugars and content of free amino acids in cultured anthers were investigated through comparing with those in in vivo anthers. Starch granules in the tissues of cultured anthers disappeared rapidly, and the amount of soluble sugars also decreased soon after the onset of culture. Only a very small amount of soluble sugars was detected during the first 6 days of culture although sucrose was supplemented to the medium. On the 8th day of anther culture, the amount of soluble sugars, especially sucrose increased. It is known that pollen embryogenesis of tobacco can be induced under condition of sugar starvation in the culture medium. These results indicate that in the initial period of culture, the conchtions of the anther loculus are favorable for the induction of pollen embryogenesis. From the results of free amino acid analysis of cultured anthers, it was revealed that large amounts of glutamine and asparagine were present in cultured anthers on the 10 th day of culture when cell division leading to embryo formation began in cultured anther, although no amino acid was supplemented to the medium. It has been reported that certain amino acids such as glutamine and asparagine were essential to undergo cell dlvision leading to embryo formation from pollen grains of tobacco. Therefore, the results indicate that the amino acids required for embryo formation are supplied to pollen grains by cultured anthers. The present results revealed that the factors required for the process of pollen embryogenesis were successively provided to pollen grains by cultured anthers. It is concluded that satisfactory conditions of cultured anthers are the key points of the efficient formation of pollen embryos in anther culture of tobacco.


For a family ${\mathcal F}$ of $r$-graphs, let ${\mathrm ex}(n,{\mathcal F})$ denote the maximum number of edges in an ${\mathcal F}$-free $r$-graph on $n$ vertices. Let ${\mathcal F}_r(v,e)$ denote the family of all $r$-graphs on $v$ vertices with $e$ edges. We prove that ${\mathrm ex}(n,{\mathcal F}_r(r+1,2) \cup {\mathcal F}_r(r+2,3)) = (\frac{1}{r} - o(1)) \binom{n}{r-1}$.


Authors are aiming at system construction to make the load descent to the bottom of the hole and to make it turn for decided direction. The load is hung with two ropes, and the direction is done by rotating the top part where the rope is installed. In that case, the situation that a rope each other intersects along with the rotation of the top part. Therefore, the gyration is caused on the load. It is though that such behavior is the same one caused by the winch. However, most of the report for the winch is the one that the optimum conditions when the swing is not caused, and it transports it to the load in the straight line are induced. The rope for hanging temporarily causes intersection mutually, and when an irregular movement is caused, it is not analyzed. In this report, the gyration of the load for this case was analyzed.


Abstract: Although India is the second largest producer of vegetables, their processing has largely remained in primary forms like pickling, sun drying and/or making preserves, but with rising trends in standards of living and convenience being the main objective among the consumers, dried vegetables are starting to find vast acceptance in the International and domestic market. In this study an attempt is made to develop an efficient procurement channel of cabbage, peas and capsicum for a vacuum drying unit in Kanpur. Feasibility of contract farming for all vegetables was studied by interviewing procurement staff of the processing unit and observing the price trend of these vegetables in the Kanpur and Unnao mandi. It was concluded that, with the increasing vegetable processing plants, cold storage capacities, erratic price fluctuations in both the mandis and abundant availability of cabbage, capsicum and peas contract farming cannot be taken as the only sourcing option for these vegetables. A procurement model covering all parameters of availability, price and assured produce is discussed in the model suggested. The model takes into consideration direct sourcing from farmers and by procurement officer who can avail the produce from Unnao,Kanpur Fatehpur,Etawah,Kannuj,Jalaun,Jhansi,Lalitpur which are also main clusters for procurement. Key words: efficient procurement channel, mandis ,vegetables ,procurement model


When the revolving slipstream fly past the other parts of aircraft,it will make different degree of changes to the drag/lift property and stability to the aircraft This paper made numerical research on three dimensional flow field of a low loaded propeller.Under design conditions(headway 66.889 m/s,revolving velocity 2 575 rpm),the Slipstream flow field of a Propeller is solved by RANS equations with structured mesh.Through verification of reliability to mesh,the mesh has chose 12 million mesh.The numerical result consists of the flow field and vortex field in the propeller slipstream.With comparison to the calculation result of standard strip theory, it is shown that for light load propeller with the side small contraction of slipstream,the vortex system structure of slipstream is comprised of vortex zone within the propeller axis and vortex cylinder model of the blade tip;in the slipstream cross section after 0.6R away from downstream of propeller rotation plane,the axial,circular and radial induced velocity coefficient by standard strip theory and Prandtl's blade tip corrected result is in consistent with the result of three dimensional flows numerical simulation.It verified the correctness of standard strip theory and also provided scientific basis for the correction of actuator disk model


H3 K27-altered diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) are highly aggressive malignancies of the central nervous system that affect both pediatric and adult populations. The immune layout and genetic changes within the tumor microenvironment associated with these high-grade malignancies are thought to play an integral role in the phenotypic differences in tumor presentation and clinical course between both populations. Comparative landscapes between pediatric and adult DMGs is not known.

 The NanoString GeoMxTM Digital Spatial Profiler platform was used to determine the immune marker and genetic layout in a cohort of both pediatric and adult H3 K27-altered DMG tissue samples. 5 samples from each population were assessed in triplicates for a total of 30 samples. Three fluorescently labeled antibodies targeting immune cells (CD45), epithelial cells (PanCK), tumor cells (H3 K27M) and a nucleic acid stain (SYTO-13) were used to identify and separate out the various components within the tumor tissues from selected regions of interest. The resultant information was then pooled into libraries that were run through the NanoString spatial profiler and Illumina sequencing system to assess proteomics and gene expressions for both cohorts of samples.

 Our data revealed that there were immune and genetic changes that were seen within both populations across multiple regions of interest within the tumor tissues. A number of immune cell types and protein markers exhibited significant difference between the pediatric and adult tissue cohorts.

 The proteogenomic spatial analysis of pediatric and adult H3 K27-altered DMG shows different immune and genetic profiles which are proposed to contribute to the clinical differences between both populations. These observed differences may play a role in future treatments for H3 K27-altered DMG and further research is needed to explore this.


Heterogeneous and parallel computing systems are increasingly appealing to high-performance computing. Among heterogeneous systems, the GPUs have become an attractive device for compute-intensive p ...


The outlook of all-round development of education in WU Yun-rui's physical education thought was analyzed in the aspects of educational scope,contents,means and ends etc.It considered that in order to construct a new model of knowledge,ability and personality three-in-one talent cultivation in Shanghai University of Sport,(it's) necessary to make full use of WU Yun-rui's physical education thought and the cultural resource of "the spirit of Shanghai University of Sport",inherit good tradition of running a school,adhere to the working train of thought of "five ones",train and model the persons with culture and strive to forge the famous brand of talent cultivation of Shanghai University of Sport.


This paper describes a method for patterning proteins selectively using a combination of microfluidics and a lift-off process. Microchannels are used to introduce different protein solutions, allowing us to immobilize spots of proteins on a substrate. We fabricated microfluidic channels in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) substrate and deposited a thin parylene film as a mask containing small holes patterned on the PMMA layer. Solutions of proteins were introduced in channels and immobilized on the PMMA surface at positions defined by the parylene mask. The parylene mask was lifted-off, leaving different proteins and/or nanoparticles patterned on a PMMA substrate. Using microfluidic channel, different kinds of samples were able to be delivered and patterned on a same substrate in the wet condition; this method avoids denaturing of proteins without nonspecific binding.


We have analysed data from two flares of GOES class C7.1 and C8.5 observed by the Yohkoh Bragg Crystal Spectrometer. The high sensitivity of the Yohkoh instrument allows us to observe the very early stages of flare development and to study small events with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Spectral fitting programs have been used to derive plasma temperatures, emission measures and velocities from spectra of S XV, Ca XIX and Fe XXV. Large plasma motions indicative of chromospheric evaporation have been found. A more detailed analysis of a flare which occurred on 1991 October 30 is presented.


A novel multistage column has been successfully developed for fine coal beneficiation. This new column uses vortex-inducing contactors as stages to enhance the separation process. This paper presents an experimental study of the beneficiation characteristics or such a multistage column in terms of recovery rate, heating value recovery and impurity rejection. The paper also discusses the effects of dosage on the column performance. The results are compared with those obtained from the conventional column (without vortex-inducing contactors).


The group-theoretic technique described in an earlier paper is used to calculate the free spin wave energies for both magnetic phases of haematite. It is shown that the optic modes may have unusually low energy in α-Fe2O3, and that molecular field theory gives correct results for magnetic resonance.


Extensions of fuzzy sets to broader contexts constitute one of the leading areas of research in the context of problems in artificial intelligence. Their aim is to address decision-making problems in the real world whenever obtaining accurate and sufficient data is not a straightforward task. In this way, spherical fuzzy sets were recently introduced as a step beyond to modelize such problems more precisely on the basis of the human nature, thus expanding the space of membership levels, which are defined under imprecise circumstances. The main goal in this study is to apply the spherical fuzzy set version of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a well-established multicriteria decision-making approach, in the context of planetary defense. As of the extraction of knowledge from a group of experts in the field of near-Earth asteroids, they rated four deflection technologies of asteroids (kinetic impactor, ion beam deflection, enhanced gravity tractor, and laser ablation) that had been previously assessed by means of the classical theory of fuzzy series. This way, a comparative study was carried out whose most significant results are the kinetic impactor being the most suitable alternative and the spherical fuzzy set version of the TOPSIS approach behaves more sensitively than the TOPSIS procedure for triangular fuzzy sets with regard to the information provided by our group of experts.


Android has become the most popular mobile OS, as it enables device manufacturers to introduce customizations to compete with value-added services. However, customizations make the OS less dependable and secure, since they can introduce software flaws. Such flaws can be found by using fuzzing, a popular testing technique among security researchers.This paper presents Chizpurfle, a novel "gray-box" fuzzing tool for vendor-specific Android services. Testing these services is challenging for existing tools, since vendors do not provide source code and the services cannot be run on a device emulator. Chizpurfle has been designed to run on an unmodified Android OS on an actual device. The tool automatically discovers, fuzzes, and profiles proprietary services. This work evaluates the applicability and performance of Chizpurfle on the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge, and discusses software bugs found in privileged vendor services.


Using superfields we evaluate the superspace one-loop effective action for the supersymmetric CP(N - 1) model and investigate whether there is supersymmetry breaking and confinement.


The SPF10‐PCR‐based line probe assay (LiPA‐25) for human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping with high analytical sensitivity and specificity was widely used in HPV vaccine clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. In the study, we aimed to compare a novel GP5+/6+‐PCR‐based reverse dot blot hybridization assay (Yaneng‐23) with LiPA‐25. The performance of two assays was evaluated in 1735 cervical swab and 117 tissue samples, with a focus on 19 common HPV types (14 high‐risk: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68/73; 5 low‐risk: 6, 11, 42, 43, and 53). A total of 1197 (69.0%) swab samples were identified as HPV‐positive by two assays. Of these, 878 (73.4%) samples displayed absolute agreement (concordant), 255 (21.3%) showed additional or fewer types (compatible), and the remaining 64 (5.3%) samples were discordant. Additionally, the two assays showed an excellent strength of agreement for 19 HPV‐combined detection (κ = 0.886) and 17 individual HPV types (all κ > 0.800), and displayed a good agreement for HPV39 (κ = 0.780) and 42 (κ = 0.699). Yaneng‐23 was more sensitive than LiPA‐25 for HPV58, 59, 68/73, 42, 43 and 53 (McNemar's test: all p < 0.05), while LiPA‐25 was more sensitive for HPV31, 39, 52, and 66 than Yaneng‐23 (all p < 0.05). In 113 HPV‐positive tissue specimens, the identification of genotypes was 82.3% identical and 17.7% compatible. The agreement between the tests for HPV45 (κ = 0.796) and 51 (κ = 0.742) was good, and for other types (all κ > 0.843) and 19 HPV‐combined detection (κ = 0.929) was perfect (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, Yaneng‐23 and LiPA‐25 are comparable. Yaneng‐23 could be used for the detection and genotyping of HPV in cervical samples for epidemiological and vaccine studies worldwide.