The task of this study is to develop the method of narrative expression education. It is important to study the narrative expression education in 21century. With narrative, we can make experience meaning and self identity. And it can be alternative choice to the paradigm thought center writing education. First in this study, I consider the cognitive, communitive and cultural nature of narrative expression. Then I consider the process of the narrative expression. ① the establishment of the narrative problem ② the construction of plot ③ the exploration of the motif and transformation ④ the expression with narrative and choice media. The narrative expression education seeks to develop the narrative thinking. So, it needs to consider various genre, such as the narratives about our own experience, narratives about the other, narratives about literature.


The non-substitution theorem was first demonstrated by Samuelson and Georgescu-Roegen for a generalized model of Leontief. The theorem raised the question to know if the "deep-seated causes of [economic] development are to be found in the variations of the basic structural relationships themselves_ that is in modification of changes in consumers' tastes_ and changes in the structure of productive processes" (Leontief). Without advanced empirical evidence, this episode brought at the core of linear economics the substitution principle and consider Leontief's assumption of non-substitutions among production factors as simplistic and unsatisfactory. This can be viewed as an anomaly for the philosophy of science: a change in a research program without empirical anomalies but only a certain epistemological and theoretical context.


Virtual campuses are wellknown in this historical moment as a key reality for the best development of the educational processes undertaken in higher education. The Autonomous Community of Andalusia has developed this idea by means of the creation of the Andalusian Virtual Campus, which gathers 10 universities that belong to such Community. This campus offers a dynamic form of education where it is visible the approchement of knowledge to the university students.


Progress in mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and research for adults with severe and enduring mental health problems has been gradual, held back in part by a belief that mindfulness may be harmful for this client group. Adapted MBIs have shown promise in the treatment of two commonly presenting problems in secondary care services; psychosis and borderline personality disorder, and emerging evidence suggests that this approach is both safe and therapeutic. Effectiveness of a transdiagnostic MBI is relatively unexplored, therefore a feasibility study is needed. A mixed-method, randomized controlled trial and observational study explored feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a brief MBI in a naturalistic setting.

Study feasibility was demonstrated through good rates of recruitment (n=26 in three months) and retention. However, rates of outcome measure completion fell just shy of target. Intervention feasibility and acceptability was demonstrated through good attendance and positive feedback.

Content analysis of post-intervention interviews (n=15) suggests most participants found the intervention helpful, albeit challenging at times. Four overarching themes emerged from responses; effects on wellbeing, change processes, internal factors, and practicalities. A trend towards improvement was observed for both groups on standardized measures of mindfulness, compassion, anxiety, and depression (Cohen's d ranged from 0.31 to 1.05). A trend towards deterioration was observed on a measure of wellbeing for the control group only. Findings point to the potential benefits of a brief MBI in this setting, and warrant further testing in a larger trial with an active control.


To solve the problem of the real-time and reality of flame simulation,the optimization method of flame simulation based on particle system is presented. Firstly,the basic principle of the flame simulation with the particle system is introduced,and flame is rendered using texture mapping method on this basis. Then in the process of rendering the particle system is optimized from two aspects:the real-time and reality,and the performance is significantly increased. Experiments show that the optimization method decrease simulation time effectively and produce more realistic results.


Possible to increase the efficiency, and can be miniaturized, and an object thereof is to provide an injection device which can improve the durability of the injection member. And the injection member can advance and retreat provided in the cylinder member, the drive be metering drive means for which the linear motor device 49, and a metering member for rotation in the cylinder member provided for advancing the injection member, rotating the metering member have. In this case, in the injection process, by driving the linear motor unit (49) and advancing the injection member directly, it may be an injection, it is possible to prevent the energy loss. As a result, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the injection apparatus 43.


A. Unadjusted Incremental Capital-Output Ratio R 1 In his "Part V. Capital Formation Proportions: International Comparisons for Recent Years, "2 he uses an incremental capital-output ratio in which there is in the denominator "the change in national product in constant prices expressed as an average percentage rise per year. The numerator is the capital formation proportion... "3 This ratio, which I call the unadjusted incremental capital-output ratio (R 1), may be expressed as


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been regarded as an ideal reinforcements of high-performance composites with enormous applications. In this paper, the effects of pinhole defect are investigated for carbon nanotube based nanocomposites using a 3D representative volume element (RVE) with long CNTs. The CNT is modeled as a continuum hollow cylindrical shape elastic material with pinholes in it. These defects are considered on the single wall (CNTs). The mechanical properties such as Young's modulus of elasticity are evaluated for various pinhole locations and number of defects. The influence of the pinhole defects on the nanocomposite is studied under an axial load condition. Numerical equations are used to extract the effective material properties for the different geometries of RVEs with nondefective CNTs. The field-emission microscopy (FEM) results obtained for nondefective CNTs are consistent with the analytical results for cylindrical RVEs, which validate the proposed model. It is observed that the presence of pinhole defects significantly reduces the effective reinforcement when compared with nondefective nanotubes, and this reinforcement decreases with the increase in the number of pinhole defects. It is also found from the simulation results that the geometry of RVE does not have I much significance on the stiffness of nanocomposites.


Itching sensation can occur in up to 20% of pregnant women. The paper considers the most common causes of the development of this unpleasant symptom in women expecting a baby, such as polymorphic and atopic dermatitis, intrahepatic cholestasis, pemphigoid. Modern epidemiological data are presented, the clinical features of each nosology are described, and recommendations for effective treatment of these conditions are given.


The contemporary approach to teaching aims to help children develop a complete picture of the world from an early age, to which the subjects The World Around Us and The Digital World also contribute by holistically viewing natural, social, and digital phenomena. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether, and to what extent, common content that can be integratively related is represented in the curricula and textbooks for the first and second grade of The Digital World and The World Around Us. The curriculum content analysis included the common content identification for achieving cross-curricular integration, while the textbook analysis for The Digital World (N = 8) involved determining the number and type of integrative examples within the topic Algorithmic thinking. The identified related content suggests the need for integrating these two subjects so as to better combine knowledge into a meaningful whole, though some disagreements with regard to the timing of the introduction of certain concepts were observed in the curricula.


IT is generally assumed that in applying drugs to the exposed surface of the dental pulp, extreme care should be employed to prevent any pressure; otherwise, damage of tissue will result. This point of view was reported by Pfaff', 10 who was one of the first to try to maintain the vitality of an exposed pulp. In order to avoid pressure on the wound, he covered the pulp by means of gold plate. The filling material was subsequently placed over this. Hermann's3' 4 introduction of calcium hydroxide started a new epoch in the treatment of the dental pulp. In spite of new methods for pulp treatment, the use of pressure upon the pulp remained a "paradoxical" or "heroic" method.


A steady rise in the use of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), particularly in the elderly, has led to an increase in device‐related infections. Although often studied and reported as a single entity, these complications in fact comprise a heterogeneous group. Specific subgroups may be associated with distinct mortality risks.


Human population increases and development in Northeast India have reduced and fragmented wildlife habitat, which has resulted in human–wildlife conflicts. Although species such as tigers (Panthera tigris) and rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) cause conflict, elephants (Elephas maximus) have become the focal point for conflict and conservation issues. This article presents several case studies to illustrate the diverse nature of human–elephant conflicts. Between 1980 and 2003, more than 1,150 humans and 370 elephants have died as a result of these conflicts. Although the public and government have taken steps, human population growth must be addressed before any permanent solutions to this conflict can be reached.


In 1880, George M. Pullman established his eponymous town to house the workers who would come to build Pullman Palace Cars. His goal was to create a town that was comfortable enough in its amenities and infrastructure to draw skilled workers to the prairie south of Chicago. The company maintained strict control of everything in the town and retained ownership of the buildings. Pullman demanded that every one of these buildings earn a steady return of 6% for shareholders. The paternalistic arrangements led one unknown Pullman worker to declare what seems to have been the sentiments of many at the end of the nineteenth century: "We are born in a Pullman house, fed from the Pullman shops, taught in the Pullman school, catechized in the Pullman Church, and when we die we shall go to the Pullman Hell" (Pullman State Historic Site 2011). This quotation captures the feeling of helplessness shared by many workers and residents leading up to the 1894 Strike at the Pullman factory. The specific mention of schools in this lament prompts questions regarding the role of educational institutions in the control of residents in George Pullman's perfect town. The first school in Pullman opened in 1881 as newly-appointed workers in the railcar factory began settling in the row houses to the south (Rose 1996). This paper will explore the ways that schooling and was used as a tool to control the people living in Pullman? How did the formal schooling environment in Pullman help contribute to the famous Pullman Strike that would occur in 1894? Did public and private schools in the neighboring communities of Kensington and Roseland have any impact on the development of knowledge and power in Pullman? The specific period under consideration begins in 1880 with the foundation of the town. In 1907, the Pullman Company had finally sold all of its properties that were not directly related to the manufacture of railcars. This included the homes, schools, churches, and other commercial buildings in the town. The research for this project draws primarily from a number of contemporary written accounts by company administrators (including Doty 1893, Cawardine 1894) as well as the official Strike Report of 1895. In addition, there may be some useful primary source information related to education during this period in the archives of the Pullman State Historic Site in Chicago including the Ludlam Archive Collection and the Ludlam Reference Collection. This scholarship is a timely addition to the existing literature. This project will look at the control of bodies through education in relation to productive labor and proper citizenship in industrial America (Buder 1967). The brutal conclusion of the Pullman Strike at the hands of Federal troops continued the efforts of the Company to control these bodies and this project fits in well with the themes of the 2016 International Standing Conference on the History of Education.


Implement of the data acquisition system for anaerobic digestion process based on PLC and Visual Basic6.0 programming on host computer was introduced.Advantech industrial computer acted as a host and the PLC acted as a remote unit.A human-machine interface on host was implemented which provided user a friendly operation interface.The host can acquire data real-timely from remote unit and refresh the human-machine interface correspondingly with intercommunion.The running result shows that the system is easy to use and has reliable performance.


Objective Though evaluating the operational situation of Guangdong biology vector monitor reported network system,we have preliminarily found out the problems and deficiencies and took some measures to resolve it.Methods Comparing the function of biology vector monitor reported network system with the old reported system.Results The reported network has changed the lagged problem of the old reported network system.It is a timely reported system and can forewarn in time.It has improved the correctness in statistic of surveillance data.Conclusion The reported network system realizes information sharing.It creates advantaged conditions for statistic,analysis and comparison.It is the existing Problems that inquiring function and exporting function of surveillance data are deficient in the system.These problems should be improved further.


Plenaries and Special Presentations: Shana Kelley , University of Toronto:  "New Technologies for Ultrasensitive Analysis of Clinically-relevant Biomolecules" Richard Hargreaves, BIOGEN IDEC:  "Imaging in CNS Drug Discovery and Development" Roger Williams :  CSPS Lifetime Achievement Award - "0.5 X 102:  Looking Back and Forward" Neal Davies , University of Manitoba:  CSPS Award of Leadership in Canadian Pharmaceutical Sciences - "30 Years of Coffee, Beer and Serendipity in Pharmacy Research" Conference Sessions: Special CSPS Session: The Future of Pharmaceutical Sciences 1. The Evolving Business of Pharmaceuticals 2. Analysis of Peptide and Protein Drug Targets by LC/MS/MS 3. Mucosal Drug Delivery 4. New Methodologies of Genome Wide Target Validation 5. Regulatory Updates and Developments 6. Antibody-based Therapeutics 7. Imaging in Drug Delivery 8. Nuclear Receptors in Drug Discovery 9. IV-IVC Modeling and Simulation as a Tool to Facilitate Drug Development and Marketing 10. Pharmacogenomics in Drug Development 11. Bioavailability of Novel Dosage Forms


The rise of the (so-called) sharing economy is among the most important and controversial developments in the world of commerce in the last half-century. But business ethicists have thus far had relatively little to say about it. A recent search via my library's portal suggests that the word "Uber" has never, until now, graced the pages of either Business Ethics Quarterly or the Journal of Business Ethics. This makes it easy to recommend that scholars in the field take a look at Arun Sundararajan's The Sharing Economy. Sundararajan's book is wide-ranging, examining the rise of the sharing economy, exploring its impact, and speculating about its future. In terms of style, the book attempts to bridge the gap between scholarly and journalistic; it includes plenty of quotations sourced from the author's own interviews with various tech and sharing-economy execs and entrepreneurs, but also includes a robust set of endnotes. This makes the book both a candidate for a quick, casual read and a sourcebook for those interested in digging deeper. It is worth pausing, at the outset, to ask just what the sharing economy is. Though he discusses a wide range of examples, some central and some marginal, Sundararajan argues that the sharing economy, in the sense in which he is interested, has these five characteristics:


While oxygen minimum zones (OMZ) are frequently referred to as 'dead zones' from a biological standpoint, coastal OMZ can actually be highly dynamic in regard to nutrient cycling. Under the low-oxygen conditions (≤ 10 µM O2) that define OMZ , nutrients are released from the sediment to the water and can contribute to increased primary production in surface water. However, considerable nitrogen (N) loss to the atmosphere, one of the key processes limiting primary productivity, can also occur. Diapycnal mixing due to internal waves, coastal upwelling and lateral advective and diffusive transport can significantly enhance these processes by accelerating nutrient supply to the near-surface layers.

There are conflicting opinions on which biochemical processes (e.g., denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and/or anammox) control N cycling within OMZ . Furthermore, while it is known that internal waves can significantly affect nutrient fluxes, hydrodynamics in coastal OMZ can be highly variable and effects on the nutrient distribution are not currently understood. We thus performed a process study focusing on the Peruvian OMZ in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific boundary current system, a region which is characterized by both (1) an extreme N deficit due to N loss and (2) elevated non-linear internal waves. Paired microstructure and CTD data were used to assess water-column turbulence and nutrient concentrations, respectively, and benthic chambers were used to evaluate nutrient fluxes from the sediment. Velocity and hydrographic time series from a mooring array allowed for investigation of advective and eddy nutrient transport. With these data, a nutrient budget was determined by quantifying water-column flux divergences of N species at the upper continental slope and shelf regions. Together with N fluxes from the sediment, we established an overall N balance which we then used to evaluate which biochemical processes were likely contributors to N cycling in this critical region.


Experiments on cat lumbosacral alpha motoneurones showed that, in comparison with cells possessing rapidly conducting axons, the cells with slowly conducting axons have the higher input resistance, that they need weaker stimnulating currents to reach the threshold for repetitive firing, and that they need a relatively larger increment in current strength for a given increase in firing rate. Measurements of the number and diameters of dendritic trunks gave larger values for the larger cell bodies. The discussion deals with the interrelation between cell geometry, electrical properties, and the reflex action of alpha motowas + 0.92 (50 cells, P < .001). The range of variation in input resistance was 0.5 to 8.1 Mohm. Values (Fig. 1) of input resistance determined by the "direct" methods and the "spike" method varied over the same range, and they were related to conduction velocity in a similar manner. The average spike size was 83 ? 10 mv (standard deviation, 50 cells). The membrane potential was monitored during the resistance measurements in 33 of the cells, and averaged 72 ? 5 mv (S.D.). Input resistance in these cells did not correlate with spike amplitude or membrane potential. The relation between input resistance and axonal conduction velocity was not in any obvious way different for motoneurones belonging to different hind limb nerves (soleus, gastrocnemius, popliteal, common peroneal, and hamstring) . Values of input resistance obtained with the "threshold" method were also related in a statistically significant manner to the axonal conduction velocity. However, with this method the values were more scattered than those shown in Fig. 1, probably because of changes in firing level that may occur during the passage of longlasting currents (14). In intracellular work, tonic motoneurones have often been distinguished from the phasic ones by the longer duration of their after-hyperpolarization (2, 6). The input resistance was better correlated with the conduction velocity than with the duration of afterhyperpolarization. However, the latter correlation was also highly significant (r = + 0.79, 50 cells; P < 0.001). Cells with an after-hyperpolarization shorter than 70 msec had an average input resistance of 0.9 ? 0.5 Mohm (S.D., 14 cells), whereas neurones with an after-hyperpolarization exceeding 140 msec had one of 5.2 ? 2.2 Mohm (S.D., 6 cells). The previously published values for the input resistance of motoneurones (0.5 to 2.5 Mohm, 11 and 12) correspond in the present work to those obtained from cells with relatively rapidly conducting (that is, large diameter) axons (Fig. 1). The predominance of such cells in earlier studies was probably due to the fact that good intracellular recordings are most easily obtained from the cells with the largest axons, which are likely to be those with the largest cell bodies. A relation, similar to that of Fig. 1, between the input resistance and conduction velocity has been found to hold for the pyramidal cells in the cat's cerebral cortex (15). Eighteen of the cells (Fig. 1) were stimulated to steady repetitive firing by long-lasting injected currents (16, 17). In Fig. 2A the threshold current strength for steady firing (16) is plotted against input resistance. As expected, the threshold for steady firing varies inversely with the input resistance. The threshold for steady firing for these cells did not correlate with the membrane potential or spike size. The data of Fig 2A indicate that, for motoneurones with comparable membrane potentials, the input resistance is a significant factor determining the current strength needed (synaptic as well as injected) for eliciting a steady repetitive discharge. In Fig. 2A the values are too few and the spread is too large to demonstrate clearly the shape of the curve relating threshold current strength to input resistance. It should be noted that for cells requiring the same threshold depolarization, the threshold current strength should be linearly related to the reciprocal of input resistance rather than to the input resistance itself. For some of the motoneurones (Fig. 2A, filled circles) the slope was determined for the linear relation between steady discharge frequency and current strength within the lower, "primary," range of firing rates (16, 17). In Fig. 2B the increment of current needed for increasing steady firing rate by 1 impulse per second is plotted against neurone resistance. Figure 2B somewhat unexpectedly indicates that more current is needed per unit increase in steady firing rate in cells with a high input resistance than is necessary in cells with a low input resistance. Thus, in spite of their greater input resistance, the firing rate of tonic cells is relatively little affected by variations of


Golf, like life, has complexities and challenges comparable to investing, and the secret to success in each is self-discipline. We have been wisely advised to learn models of thinking in one area and apply them to problem solving in others. From Scotland came the origins of golf and investing, and from Scotland came a fine player and great teacher, Tommy Armour. His lessons are universal. We have been wisely advised to learn models of thinking in one area and apply them to problem solving in others. Thus, we can take some lessons from golf and apply them to the investment game. Scotland gave us the game of golf, and Scotland gave us a fine player and great teacher, Tommy Armour. I discuss his lessons as they apply to investment management, but indeed, his lessons are universal. Tommy Armour was, during his era, the greatest teaching pro in golf. After turning pro in 1925, he won every major golf championship. Then, starting in 1929, he taught golf. His 1953 book—still in print—is one of the very best books on playing golf and has the best, most encouraging title: How to Play Your Best Golf All the Time. Investors would benefit greatly from being able to study with a teacher like Armour and learn his "golf" lessons-which are so applicable to investing. A primary lesson would be to learn to play within the limits of our capabilities. Armour summarized his advice as follows: "Simplicity, concentration, and economy of effort have been the distinguishing features of every great player's methods." Armour would want us to understand that the shrewd way to go forward is to take more time, have more knowledge and understanding, play to our strengths, invest in the ways we do best, and make investment decisions that make the next decision (or our long-term investing) easy. Some of the ways we can follow this advice are keep portfolio turnover low, index when appropriate, think more and take less action, before acting, focus more attention on reducing the "bad" stocks, recognize that success is relative to that of others and that in today's market, as in golf, we have little margin for error.


e23545Background: The tumor ability to induce and maintain angiogenesis is one of the main stages of its development. Studies of molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis showed that the dynamic balance...


1. Taking stock, moving forward: the Internet, social networks and civic engagement in Chinese societies Wenhong Chen 2. Transnational immanence: the autopoietic co-constitution of a Chinese spiritual organization through mediated communication Pauline Hope Cheong, Jennie M. Hwang and Boris H.J.M. Brummans 3. Online political participation, civic talk, and media multiplexity: how Taiwanese citizens express political opinions on the Web Yuli Patrick Hsieh and Meng-Hao Li 4. Derailed emotions: The transformation of claims and targets during the Wenzhou online incident Maria Bondes and Gunter Schucher 5. Weibo communication and government legitimacy in China: a computer-assisted analysis of Weibo messages on two 'mass incidents' Jingrong Tong and Landong Zuo 6. Weibo network, information diffusion and implications for collective action in China Ronggui Huang and Xiaoyi Sun 7. Expanding civic engagement in China: Super Girl and entertainment-based online community Jingsi Christina Wu 8. Regional variation in Chinese internet filtering Joss Wright


Within recent years a persistent tendency has appeared, sometimes in rather unexpected quarters, to elucidate various obscure points in theology by reference to the subconscious region of mental life. The nature of God, the Deity of Christ, such human experiences as conversion and regeneration, intercessory prayer, the prospects of life beyond the grave-s-the key has been tried on all these locks. Now we have no cause to deny that the term "subconscious" or "subliminal" does indicate, whether helpfully or not, an element which plays some real part in mental life, though a minor part; but for twenty years past this same word "subliminal" has acquired a rather alarming sound in the ears of people who care for clear thinking." The late Professor William .Iames may have changed his mind, but to begin with he was as keenly aware of its disadvantages as any man. In his "Principles of Psychology", published in 1890, alluding to the distinction between the unconscious and the conscious, he says: "It is the sovereign means for believing what one likes in psychology, and of turning what might become a science into a tumbling-ground for whimsies.' '2 Still, there is a side of experience where the distinction is at any rate of negative value. Our faculty of at-


In order to study the frost deformation of rock under subfreezing temperature,strains of dry and saturated rock samples at low temperature were tested by strain gauge method.The result proves that dry rock samples behave as linear elastic characteristics during one freeze-thaw cycle,while the deformation of saturated rocks experienced four stages as follows:thermal contraction stage,frost expansion stage,thawing contraction stage and thermal expansion stage,and the residual strains were evident.Based on the test results,frost expansion deformation of moist rock at low temperature was analyzed.Ultimately,the conclusions were applied to a tunnel in cold region and the frost deformation characteristics of tunnel is studied.Besides,the distribution of unfrozen,freezing and frozen zones under certain frozen condition are sketched.


: A public key infrastructure (PKI) provides a way to manage identities within an enterprise. Users are provided public/private key pairs, and trusted certification authorities issue credentials binding a user name to the associated public key for that user. This enables security functions by users within the enterprise, such as authentication, signature creation and validation, encryption, and decryption. However, the enterprise often interacts with partner enterprises and the open web, which may use different PKIs. Mobile devices do not easily operate with hardware-based PKI tokens such as smartcards. Standard digital signatures lack timing information such as validity or expiration. This paper examines some of the security challenges related to PKI deployment in the context of Enterprise Level Security (ELS), an enterprise solution for a high security environment.


Background: Currently, no consensus approach exists for optimal venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) patients. Time to development of in-hospital VTE is not well studied. Objective: This study evaluates time to in-hospital VTE in obese patients. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study evaluated obese patients that developed an in-hospital VTE. Patients were categorized into 3 BMI groups: 30 to 34.9 (group 1), 35 to 39.9 (group 2), and ≥40 (group 3) kg/m2. The primary end point compared time to VTE between the groups. Results: A total of 246 patients were included, and time to VTE was similar between the groups, 8 (group 1) versus 8 (group 2) versus 9 days (group 3); P = .38. Secondary outcomes showed time to VTE was shorter in acute care versus ICU patients (7.5 vs 10 days; P = .01), nonsurgical versus surgical patients (6 vs 9 days; P = .004), and no prophylaxis versus mechanical plus pharmacologic prophylaxis (4.5 vs 9 days; P < .001). Conclusions: BMI category did not significantly impact time to in-hospital VTE. This study provides insight into the timing of in-hospital VTE in obese patients. The differences in prophylactic strategies highlight the importance of optimized prophylaxis.


Radiotherapy is an effective methods for head and neck cancer treatment,
however, this therapy has some side effect, all of them are decrease the immature of
blood cells, decrease count of limphocytes, monocyte, platelet and leukocytes.
Radiotherapy also decreases blood supply to the tissue resulting in decreasing
amount of oxygen. The decreasing count of leukocyte and oxygen supply can
increase the growth rate of anaerob bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine
differences in the number of colonies of bacteria Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans gingival crevicular fluid before and after radiotherapy 20
Gy accumulated dose in patients with head neck cancer in RSUP Dr. Sardjito
Yogyakarta.
The subjects used in this study consist of 10 patients of head and neck
cancer, were divided into 2 group in the study of pre-test and post-test design. The
first group are the patients before radiotherapy and second group is the same
patients after radiotherapy accumulated dose 20 Gy. Two samples of gingival
crevicular fluid is taken from each subject, so that the whole samples are 40
samples gingival crevicular fluid. These samples the cultured on AaGMBV agar
and incubated for 24-48 hours at 37oC. The number of colonies of bacteria
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans gingival crevicular fluid calculated in
units of 102 Colony Forming Units per milliliter (CFU / ml).
The results showed that the average number of colonies of bacteria
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans gingival crevicular fluid in post-test group
larger compared to pre-test group. The results analyzed by paired t-test showed
significant differences (p <0.05) between the pre-test and post-test group. The
conclusion of this study the accumulated dose of 20 Gy radiotherapy can increase
the number of colonies of bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in
gingival crevicular fluid head and neck cancer patients.


The important task of modern teaching is to develop students' intellectual resources and abilities, which is also a demand of the modern development for education. In history teaching, question - making is an effective means in developing students intellectual resources and improving the teaching quality.


In this paper. We advance the concepts of oblique elementary operation of matrix,and proved a standard form under the oblique elementary operation. Then establish a new method of extracting greatest common divisor of polynomial. Finally,finding out u(x) and v(x) which meets u(x)f (x)+v(x)g(x)=d(x) is convenient with the use of oblique elementary operation of matrix.


This paper presents an analytic procedure for the value added to different production levels with different policy options. The approach is stochastic and thus provides a framework for informed decision-making on productivity growth under uncertainty conditions. The model was applied to data collected from a firm and results recommend that the firm should redevelop if in diversification and systematisation growth stage and right size if in the bureaucratic growth stage.


After analyzing and comparing the statistics of the serving, attack and blocking of Fujian Women's Volleyball Team in the fourteen matches at the 2003 - 2004 National Women's Volleyball League, the paper points out the problems and weaknesses in the scoring of the Team, and accordingly puts forwards some measures for improvement.


ABSTRACT This study describes the perceptions of judges, prosecutors, police officers, and probation officers of themselves, each other, and selected criminal justice practices. Judges and police officers perceived themselves more positively than they perceived the other criminal justice practitioners while probation officers and prosecutors did not see themselves as the most positive group. Police officers were the most negatively perceived, and judges the most positively. The police group indicated the strongest opposition to early parole of offenders and Supreme Court rulings, while judges and probation officers were generally more favorable toward such criminal justice practices. All groups indicated that communication and cooperation between criminal justice components is inadequate. The research suggests that inadequate communication and cooperation between practitioners and components can be the result of negative attitudes based on misperceptions.


With respect to the corrosion occurred in the top of the towers in atmospheric and low pressure equipment used in refining industry,the environment and mechanism of the corrosion occurred at the low temperature parts in these equipment were depicted. With the results of the analysis,proper anticorrosion measures were proposed,including the control of the adjusting agent quality and pH balance value and balancing the pressure in pipeline.


The central volcano Barðarbunga, with a 65 km² large caldera, is located on the northwestern edge of Vatnajokull ice cap. It is connected with a 190 km long, from southwest to northeast running fissure system within the Neovolcanic Zone of Iceland. The subglacial volcano reaches a height of 2009 m a.s.l. and is covered with an up to 850 m thick ice layer.
On 16 August 2014 high seismic activity had started in the area of Barðarbunga and lasted until the end of February 2015. Three geothermal/tectonic events occurred and could be monitored continuously with TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X radar data within the project IsViews (Iceland subglacial Volcanoes interdisciplinary early warning system).
The development of a six months lasting fissure eruption in the Holuhraun glacier forefield, located 40 km northeast of Barðarbunga, was observed with near real-time TerraSAR-X Stripmap data and TanDEM-X RawDEMs. The maximum extend of the lava field was measured to 84.5 km² and the volume to 1.48 km³.
A subsidence of the ice masses within the Barðarbunga caldera of up to 64 m occurred and was monitored with a time series of TanDEM-X data. The surficial loss of ice is calculated to 1.64 km³ and can be explained by a lowering of the magma chamber, triggered by the Holuhraun eruption.
By means of TanDEM-X image differencing an 18 km long and 800 m wide fracture zone, extending from the Holuhraun eruption site towards Barðarbunga, could be detected in a unique way. The TanDEM-X data reveals the fracture even underneath the glacier.
The project research demonstrates that by means of high resolution TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X data, it is possible to extensively monitor volcanic activity in Iceland and to assess the risk of a possible eruption.


We investigate a pseudo‐seismic approach based on the so‐called inverse Q‐transform as an alternative way of processing transient electromagnetic (TEM) data. This technique transforms the diffusive TEM response into that of propagating waves obeying the standard wave‐equation. These transformed data can be input into standard seismic migration schemes with the potential of giving higher resolution subsurface images. Such images contain geometrical and qualitative information about the medium but no quantitative results are obtained as in model‐based inversion techniques. These reconstructed images can be used directly for geological interpretation or in further constraining possible inversions. We extend the original Q‐transform based on an electrical‐source formulation to the case of a large‐loop TEM source. Moreover, an efficient discrete version of the inverse of this modified Q‐transform is presented using a regularization method. Application of this inverse transform to the measured TEM responses gives the corresponding pseudo‐seismic data, which are input into a 3D migration scheme. We then use a 3D boundary element type of Kirchhoff migration to ensure high computational efficiency. This proposed method was applied to both synthetic data as well as field measurements taken from an engineering geology survey. The results indicate that the resolution of the TEM data is significantly improved when compared with standard apparent‐resistivity plots, demonstrating that higher resolution 3D transient electromagnetic imaging is feasible using this method.


Whether the aging of rural population will affect the high-quality development of China's agriculture is an important issue facing the construction of China's characteristic modern agriculture. Using panel data from 30 provinces in China from 1999 to 2020, this paper used fixed effects models and mediation models for econometric regressions to explore the relationship between rural population aging and agricultural development, as well as the intermediate mechanisms involved. The study found that there was a positive relationship between rural population aging and agricultural labor productivity, and aging can stimulate agricultural development. Mechanism analysis revealed that rural population aging can promote the adjustment of the structure of agricultural factors, drive the deepening accumulation of capital and other factors, promote the modernization of agricultural production methods, and ultimately achieve an increase in agricultural labor productivity. Further examination showed that the positive relationship between rural population aging and agricultural productivity gradually weakened as the degree of rural population aging deepened. The study provides empirical evidence for sustainable agricultural development in the context of population aging.


Due to the daily rotation of the Earth the lower layers of earth's atmosphere are continuously crossed by horizontal lines of the geomagnetic field. For this reason, near the earth's surface there is an upward-directed Lorentz force. Under the action of this force the positively charged objects move upward and the negative charges down. As a result, this force can increase the lift of flying objects that have a positive charge: water vapor, birds, insects, airplanes and space rockets. In addition, the action of the upward directed Lorentz force blocks the deflection of the racket's body in the horizontal direction, that is, ensures its equilibrium.


The nucleation kinetics of ice were investigated with four different types of aqueous solutions. The studied aqueous solutions, i.e., sucrose solution, ionic liquid (IL) solution, pyrolysis oil extract (PO) solution, and acetone‐1‐butanol‐ethanol (ABE) solution, were concentrated by batch suspension freeze crystallization. The nucleation kinetics were investigated using a temperature response method which results in data on nucleation rate per crystal. The obtained nucleation rate per crystal value can be used when dimensioning continuous crystallization processes: the nucleation rate per crystal is inversely proportional to the residence time in continuous crystallization. The subcooling degrees for different solutions were in the range of 0.33 °C to 1.89 °C. Aqueous sucrose solutions had the fastest nucleation kinetics. Ice crystallization from non‐ideal aqueous [DBNH][OAc] ionic liquid solutions required higher subcooling degrees and the nucleation rates per crystal were higher as well. Nucleation of ice formed from aqueous pyrolysis oil extract and aqueous ABE solutions occurred at a lower subcooling degree and the obtained nucleation rate per crystal values were lower.


The discussion about reconciliation of work and family, respectively the so called work-life balance has grown considerably over the last two decades. Arguments and positions differ in many respects. Even the scope of "work-life-balance" is not uniquely defined. This paper follows an analytical economic approach and shows the intra-personal and intra-partnership trade-offs between five core categories of productive and consumptive activities. This tradeoff is shown for the population of three European countries, which exhibit considerable differences in time allocation. Although the countries' mean levels differ, the gendered behaviour patterns of partners shown wide commonness. ÖIF Paper Nr. 67 | 2008 | Work-Life-Balance


Abstract In 2006, Chilean artist Cecilia Vicuña carried thick-knotted red strands of unspun wool to Cerro El Plomo, a glaciated peak outside of Santiago. Done in response to government-sanctioned acquisitions of gold and silver mines sitting under the glacier by a Canadian corporation, Vicuña's use of her quipu – an ancient mnemonic device – tied the historical disappearance of the Incan empire to an ecological devastation occurring in the new millennium. Her actions also referenced the Pinochet dictatorship, as well as her own exile when in 1979, she traveled to Colombia and with a red string tied to a glass of milk, spilled its contents in front of the historical home of the 19th century revolutionary leader Simón Bolivar. This pointed to the disappearance of the Allende government who promised a free milk distribution program in Chile and referenced the nearly 2,000 children who died from tainted milk in Bogotá that same year. The connection between these two projects and much of Vicuña's work is the reliance on the thread – it critiques the military apparatus as much as it calls attention to those voices lost through colonization. I argue for an analysis of the textual layers existing within Vicuña's fiber art, from the seemingly banal strands used in her installations and performances to their integration into her lines of poetry featuring the indigenous language of Mapudungun from the Mapuche people. In examining how these constructed fibers enter into everyday language and metaphorically address issues around identity, my paper analyzes the discourse centered on disappearance and its ties to artistic production occurring in Vicuña's cross-cultural practice.


This paper is about the city space and spectacle of Shanghai, along with the spatial practice happening inside its "Circle of Life". Shanghai's spectacle, which is composed of urban planning, capital and various senses spanning three decades, reconstituted humans as subjects of capitalism, that is, subjects of consumption, using the commercial desire as an instrument. Department stores are a key apparatus of Prominent Shanghai People's Capitalistic subjectivation that pioneers consumption and trend, life and culture, along with entertainment and leisure. The term Guangchang (Plaza), which refers to a department store, first made its appearance in the 1990s and became overwhelmingly abundant after the start of the 21st century. During this process, the original meaning of Guangchang(Plaza) as a public space has diminished. Due to capitalism, the 'Plaza' became private space but the people of Shanghai has appropriated the private 'plaza', designated by politics and capital, to a square of the citizen. If a square privatized by capital was reclaimed to an amusement square for everyone, through the case of Guangchangwu, the transition from mourners for the Apartment Fire of 11.15 to demonstrators caused the sense of individual ownership to change into "community ownership". For the first time, the people living in Shanghai experienced the common emotional bond as "Shanghai People", and through this process, the true meaning of the Square was resurrected. This strategy of everyday life is constantly realized in the "Circle of Life", originally formed from the authorities and capital, and it is beginning to generate new meaning. The objective of the Tactics of Everyday Life is not aimed at the mere neutralization of the authorities. Through endless trial and effort, it's purpose is to restore the area once dominated by capital and power into the property of the public.


Shadow economy as quite a complex set of economic relations is rather contradictory, hereupon it is not possible to estimate unambiguously its influence on the economy of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.


This dissertation will aim to investigate the narrative of resistance through popular music and the media event. It will use a range of critical theories and opinions to do so, drawing from various sources of study – of which include popular music theory, sociology and cultural studies. It is through the consideration of historical, political and social context, that this project will firstly discuss the relationship between popular music, resistance and the media event during the 1960's. The same will then be discussed in relation to the music festival as a contemporary media event in order to determine whether narratives of resistance can continue to exist within today's society.


Based on Curriculum 2013, science learning process should apply an integrated concept. This study aims to investigate the effects of learning sustainability charged on spermatophyta material by explored local plants in Muria's mountains to understand the concept and interest of entrepreneur students in class X. Implementation of research conducted on even semester of academic year 2016/2017 with research population of class X MIPA in one SMA Negeri in Kudus District. The sample used is class X MIPA 5 as experiment class and class X MIPA 7 as control class. Purposive sampling and nonequivalent control group design used as sampling techniques. The results of data analysis show that there is an increase in concept understanding in experimental class and control class. The experimental class' retention is higher than control class, the control class is in low category while in the class in medium category. Student entrepreneur's interest in experiment class was higher than control class and t-test showed significant difference (p <0.05).


Magnesium-ion batteries could be competitive with lithium-ion batteries, but the reversible intercalation of magnesium in the framework of the host material needs to be verified. A concentration cell was built by using electrodes with different concentrations of magnesium ions in the cubic spinel MgxMn2O4. For this purpose, firstly cations were partially extracted from MgMn2O4 by acid-treatment. This concentration cell was used to test the reversible intercalation of magnesium and the effect of the cationic vacancies. The theoretical results of the percolation energy can explain the lower polarization experimentally observed in the voltage curve of the acid-treated sample. The reversible capacity (ca. 115 mA h g-1) is preserved after charge-discharge cycling.


Subjects were 84 middle school students in grade 2.By analysis of covariance of single factor to investigate the effect of the teacher-expectancy on the self-worth sense and the motivational belief. The results showed that (1) the change of teachers' expectancy influenced significantly on three self-worth senses of junior middle school students: the overall, individual oriented general and individual oriented special self-worth senses (2) The change of teachers' expectancy has a significant influence on three dimensions: evading-self dimension, social effect-teacher dimension and social effect-classmates dimension.


Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) which survived cold storage in the tissue of in fected gladiolus corms were controlled by preplant corm dips containing emulsifiiable formula tions of cynem (0, 0-diethyl 0-q-pyrazinyl phosphorothioate) (Zinophos), fensulfohion (0, 0-diethyl O-p-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl phosphorothioate) (Dasanit), or Bayer 68138 (ethyl 4(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropyl phosphoramidate) at the rate of 0.5 lb active ingredient (ai) per 100 gallons of water. MoCap (0-ethyl S, Sdipropyl phosphorodi thio ate), MBR 6168 (2, 4dimethyl-2-formyl-l, 3-dithiolane oxime methylcarbamate) and MBR 5667 (2-formyl-2-methyl-l, 3-dithiolane oxime methylcarbamate) were effec tive nematicides at 0.75 lb ai per 100 gallons of water.1 Parathian improved plant stand and flower production, the number of corms and cormels harvested, but attenuated populations of root-knot nematodes survived rates up to 1.0 lb ai per 100 and infected the developing roots of the corms after planting. The following treat ments were phytotoxic: fensulfothion and cynem at 0.75 lb and Bayer 68138 at 0.50 lb ai per 100.


A proof-of-concept study demonstrated the feasibility of a novel gel-pad microarray on porous silicon chips, by initiation of an atom transfer radical propagation (ATRP) polymerisation of (polyethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) with surface Si-H species, stepwise chemical conversions of the gel membrane to an NTA-Ni2+/histidine-tagged protein system, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectroscopy (MALDI MS) and fluorescence detections.


Abstract : Deliverables associated with this project included development and testing of a Cyber Clinical Environment (CCE), encompassing leading-edge telehealth and information technologies for application in civilian and military training settings, outcome analysis of experiments to evaluate the impact of simulator-based education, and evaluation of the effectiveness of technology-delivered reinforcement methods following Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) programs. Studies conducted at Mt Aloysius College, Marquette University, and the USUHS Graduate School of Nursing showed that the use of telehealth tools to teach health assessment skills - even to relatively seasoned clinicians - is very useful. Within the GSN, results have led to similar instructional sessions during the 2nd year of the program. A number of simulation studies supported that the advantages of training with a high-fidelity mannequin are more significant for training complex skills rather than basic ones. Another study found that technology-delivered reinforcement following formal self-management education programs seems to require a more tailored and dynamically responsive process that may need to be offered daily rather than weekly or bimonthly. Using telehealth kiosks in community settings, exposure to and use of the telemedicine equipment by senior citizens increased the participants' feelings of self efficacy. The increase in self efficacy observed in this study parallels results observed in an earlier NTAI study of heart failure patients. Overall, this project was successful in outlining best practices in the use of telehealth technologies for training nurses and allied health professionals as well as for application in community-based health promotion and disease prevention programs.


In this paper, the variation of side lobe level (SLL) of 'optimized uniformly excited time-modulated linear antenna array' (OUE-TMLAA) with different number of antenna elements is presented. To realize the optimized array patterns of the arrays, sideband levels (SBLs) is suppressed to below −30 dB and the increase on first null beam width (FNBW) is restricted within 35% of that of the 'uniformly excited conventional linear antenna arrays' (UE-CLAAs) while the peak SLL is reduced as low as possible. A differential evolution (DE) based optimization method is employed where only the on-time sequence of the antenna elements are considered as the optimization parameter vectors. By taking the antenna arrays of wide range of number of antenna elements, starting from 10 to 500 and using the average results of 20 trials of each OUE-TMLAA, a representative plot of the variation of average SLLs with the number of antenna elements is presented.


Energy saving is an effort to decrease and minimize unnecessary energy consumption. The energy saving and energy efficiency is one of the famous issues in the last decade since the energy resource is rapidly depleted. Reducing unnecessary energy consumption could be performed by architectural design or automatic system approach. This paper proposes an idea to develop a model of energy usage in a room by detecting and counting the number of peoples and detecting their activities. In order to achieve the energy consumption model, the method consists of two modules: the human detection and the activity quantization of each detected object. The human is detected using multiple registered image channels that computed in linear and non-linear transformations of the input image. The activity of each detected object is approached by computing the movement of an object in a certain time. Moreover, the human activities were represented based on local and global motion of all detected object. Videos were recorded in a classroom to evaluate the performance of the method. In evaluation, the cooling load weight model of student walking and pointing hand activities were computed in certain schema. The results show that the method can predict human activity effectively. The proposed technique is suitable for a small cost of the room energy controller and achieves the goal of energy saving.


This article considers the question of what may qualify as "epic" in the Hebrew Bible. Against Cross, we argue that certain prose narratives can be termed epic in themselves, although Judges 5 and Exodus 15 show that Israel could produce epic poetry. Hector and Nora Chadwick claimed that epic is a cultural rather than literary phenomenon and does not demand poetic form. For Parry and Lord, epic poetry has its origin in oral singing of tales, with no Urtext ever existing since every performance was a new creation. Israel's epic must be considered secondary, in C. S. Lewis's terminology, because it does not look back to a heroic past, but assumes a progression in history.


As wars of liberation in Africa and Asia shook the post-war world, a cohort of activists from East and Central Africa, specifically the region encompassing present-day Malawi, Zambia, Uganda and mainland Tanzania, asked what role they could play in the global anticolonial landscape. Through the perspective of these activists, Ismay Milford presents a social and intellectual history of decolonisation and anticolonialism in the 1950s and 1960s. Drawing on multi-archival research, she brings together their trajectories for the first time, reconstructing the anticolonial culture that underpinned their journeys to Delhi, Cairo, London, Accra and beyond. Forming committees and publishing pamphlets, these activists worked with pan-African and Afro-Asian solidarity projects, Cold War student internationals, spiritual internationalists and diverse pressure groups. Milford argues that a focus on their everyday labour and knowledge production highlights certain limits of transnational and international activism, opening up a critical – albeit less heroic – perspective on the global history of anticolonial work and thought.


Background: Heavy chain Ferritin (H-Ferritin) is a component of the iron binding protein, Ferritin. We have previously shown that H-Ferritin inhibits anti-CD3 stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and that this was due to increased production of IL-10. Objective: To examine the mechanism by which H-Ferritin induces IL-10 production and the cell types in blood responsible for the production of IL-10. Methods: We have cultured purified subpopulations of T-Cells with H-Ferritin pre-treated adherent antigen presenting cells (APC) and monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDC) and examined cytokine production by ELISA. We also examined the effects of H-Ferritin on immunoregulatory molecules on MoDC by flow cytometry and determined their significance by inhibition with Mabs. Results: In the present studies we have shown that induction of IL-10 production was due to effects of H-Ferritin on APC in blood and MoDC. IL-10 was produced by a subpopulation of CD4 T cells, which expressed the CD25 component of the IL-2 receptor and the CTLA-4 receptor characteristic of regulatory T cells. The changes induced in MoDC were compared with those induced by CD40L. These studies indicated that H-Ferritin induced relatively greater expression of CD86 and B7H1 on MoDCs and that MAb against their receptors, CTLA-4 and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) inhibited IL-10 production from the regulatory T cells. H-Ferritin did not appear to induce direct production of the cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 or IFN-[gamma] from the DCs. Discussion: These results are consistent with the thesis that H-Ferritin induces B7H1 and CD86 on APC, which in turn induces IL-10 production from regulatory T cells. This is possibly one mechanism by which melanoma cells may induce changes in APC in the vicinity of the tumor and result in suppression of immune responses by induction of regulatory T cells.


Background: Imbalances in approach-avoidance conflict (AAC) decision-making (e.g. sacrificing rewards to avoid negative outcomes) are considered central to multiple psychiatric disorders. We used computational modeling to examine two factors often not distinguished within model-free analyses of AAC: decision uncertainty (DU) and sensitivity to negative outcomes vs. reward (emotional conflict; EC).Methods: A previously-validated AAC task was completed by 477 participants, including healthy controls (HCs; N=59), individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs; N=159) and individuals with depression and/or anxiety (DEP/ANX; N=260) disorders without SUDs. Using an active inference model, we estimated individual-level values for a model parameter (β) reflecting DU as well as another reflecting EC. Analyses were also repeated in a subsample propensity matched on age and general intelligence.Results: The model showed high accuracy (73%). As further validation, parameters correlated with reaction times and self-reported task motivations in expected directions. EC further correlated with self-reported anxiety during the task (r=0.32, p<0.001), while DU correlated with self-reported difficulty making decisions (r=0.45, p<0.001). Compared to HCs, both DEP/ANX and SUDs showed higher DU in the propensity matched sample (t=2.16, p = .03; and t=2.88, p = .005, respectively), with analogous results in the full sample; SUDs also showed lower EC in the full sample (t=3.17, p=0.002). Limitations: This study is limited by clinical sample heterogeneity and an inability to examine learning.Conclusions: These results suggest that reduced confidence in how to act, rather than increased emotional conflict, may explain maladaptive approach-avoidance behaviors in psychiatric disorders.


The distribution of products in the nitration of a series of eight substituted acetanilides has been studied using differing nitrating agents.With mixed nitric and sulfuric acids, attack para to the acetamido group is favored, while with acetyl nitrate or nitronium tetrafluoroborate, predominant ortho substitution occurs. It is suggested that ortho substitution results from SN2 displacement by a pair of substituent electrons (on nitrogen or carbonyl oxygen) on the species NO2X (X = BF4 or OAc), leading to formation of the most readily accessible σ complex, while the para substitution favored in mixed acids results from substitution in the conjugate acid of acetanilide.Nitroacetanilides follow an unusual path with acetyl nitrate, yielding the corresponding dinitrobenzene in addition to the expected dinitroacetanilides.Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy efficiently demonstrates the structures of the reaction products, and reveals the preferred intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded conformation of ortho-nitr...


Introduction, Marta Dassfi the reform decade in China - the limits to revolution from above, Totzy Saich no way out? Rural reforms and food policy in China 1974, Kathleen Hartford from modernization to involution - failed pragmatism and lost opportunities in Deng Xiaoping's China, Yves Chevrier Tiananmen 1989 - background and consequences, Marie-Claire Bergere to reform China, Sii Shaozhi the challenges to Chinese foreign policy, Gerald Segal China's open-door policy - results and perspectives, Roberto Bertinelli. Chronology - major events 1976-90.


Conversion of native grasslands to cultivated cropland has been long reported to result in the loss of soil organic matt er (SOM) and soil organic carbon (SOC) with a conventional tillage (CT) production system under dryland conditions (Haas et al., 1957; Peterson et al., 1998). Farming methods utilizing intensive mechanical tillage for seedbed preparation and weed control contribute to increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) released to the atmosphere from mineralization of SOM and loss of SOC through soil erosion (Janzen et al., 1999; Lal et al., 1999; Reicosky et al., 2002), causing a decline in soil quality and productivity. Management strategies to sequester more SOC by using conservation farming technologies, such as reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) systems, could help mitigate agriculture's eff ect on atmospheric CO2 levels and reduce its eff ect on global climate change (Lal et al., 1998; Peterson et al., 1998; Mosier et al., 2006). Soil organic C is important for improving water-holding capacity and nutrient availability of soil. Thus, we need to understand how management practices aff ect SOC. Reducing tillage intensity and maintaining maximum soil productivity for optimum grain yields in the central Great Plains can potentially increase SOC (Peterson et al., 1998). Halvorson et al. (2000) showed that aft er 27 yr of NT and intensive crop management, SOM levels under NT were 85% of native sod, whereas the CT, crop–fallow production system was 40% of native sod levels at a Nebraska site. Halvorson et al. (1999) showed SOC sequestration was enhanced by N fertilization in a NT, dryland cropping system in Colorado, which implies that having a high level of soil fertility was necessary to optimize residue production and SOC sequestration. Follett (2001) surmised that optimum fertility levels


The study on the Econometric analysis of factors affecting yields of small scale yam farmers on inland valleys of Obubra Local Government Area of Cross River State was conducted in 2010 using primary sources as method of data collection. One hundred and twenty (120) small scale yam farmers were purposively sampled from twelve (12) villages for the study. Descriptive Statistics was used to discuss the findings of the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers while regression analysis using the ordinary least-square (OLS) was used to discuss findings of the multiple regression analysis. The double log functional form which had the best fit was chosen as the lead equation to explain the findings. The results reveal that farm size (x1), capital (x3) yam seedlings (x4) educational level (x5) and farming experience positively and significantly influenced yam production in the area. The coefficient of determination R2 was 0.8234 which indicates that about 82% of the explanatory variables influenced the dependent variable (yam output) in the area. The sum of the productive elasticity was 1.1728 which shows that the farmers were still in the stage one of the production process. Giving these findings the study suggests that the farmers be given substantial financial supports and adequate educational training so as to enable them procure the necessary farm inputs, adopt and improve on yam production industry in the


S u m m a r y . The article deals with the theoretical and methodical statements as regards organization of strategic controlling of innovation activities of enterprises as well as with controlling expediency in the management of the enterprises, with prerequisites in forming the concept of controlling in the company innovation activity management. K e y w o r d s . Innovation activity, structure, management, controlling.


An additional mass and damping approach combining Finite Element Method(FEM)with Boundary Element Method(BEM)is proposed to calculate underwater vibration and acoustic radiation from a ring stiffened cylindrical shell with different boundary conditions.The comparison and analysis of the results show that using a cabin model of submarine replacing a full-scale model for vibration and noise estimation would stride over the low modes.When the frequency is exceeding the cabin's first bending model frequency or the full length is less than twice of the cabin's,using a cabin model replacing a full-scale model for vibration and noise estimation is feasible.


After standardising a formulation of neem cakeaqueous extract which supported  the growth of Paecilomyces lilacinus, experiments were conducted to evaluate this formulation as  bare root—dip treatment for the management of Meloidogyne incognita on egg plant (Solanum  melungena). R00!-Clip treatment of egg plant seedlings in this formulation of R lilacinus, resulted  in significant increase in plant growth parameters and drastic reduction in root-knot index and final  population of M. incognita. Further, significant increase in root colonisation, propagule density  in soil and per cent egg infection by R lilacinur revealed the complementary effect of these two  components (R lilacinus and neem cake extract) required for their effective use in sustainable  management of M. incagnita on egg plant.


The Diary of the Madman by Luxun is a myth in the modern literature.The image of the madman in the novel is not a real person but a symbol with rich connotations and variable references.Meanwhile he is also a combination and a code of different types of people,various psychologies,multiple cultures and several trends.Thus Luxin's multiple understandings to the life,the culture and the world was made through the image of the madman.


Abnormalities in plasma amino acids (AAs), particularly those related to catecholamine (CTA) or glucose synthesis, may have etiologic or pathogenetic significance in asthma. Plasma AAs and cortisol and urinary CTAs were measured at 8AM and 4PM in randomly selected children with status asthmaticus (n=9;group A), moderately-severe chronic asthma (n=9;group B), mild chronic asthma (n=9;group C) and controls without lung disease (n=7;group D). Group assignment was based on severity of wheezing and medication requirements. All had PaO2>65mmHg. Several conditions believed to alter plasma AAs such as infection and recent corticosteroid use were excluded. AAs were determined chromatographically using an autoanalyzer. Cortisol was measured by competitive protein-binding inhibition, and CTAs were analyzed by spectrophotofluorimetry. Of the 24 AAs analyzed, 11 including tyrosine, proline and alanine were decreased at 8AM or 4PM in group A compared with the other groups (P<0.05). Plasma cortisol was elevated in group A (P<0.05), and urinary CTAs remained unchanged. Normal diurnal variations of AAs and cortisol were preserved. Sequentialdaily determinations in 5 children in group A showed progressive increases in total AA levels as symptoms subsided. Thus certain AAs which are gluconeogenic (proline) or CTA precursors (tyrosine) are decreased in status asthmaticus. Tyrosine deficiency may lead to altered CTA synthesis and play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. If these findings are confirmed, tyrosine administration may be helpful in therapy of asthma.


In a first part of our work, direct numerical simulation of particle laden turbulent channel flow is performed. The acceleration statistics of the inertial particles and of the fluid at the position of the solid particles is computed and analyzed. In the second part, a large eddy simulation (LES) for the carrier phase is coupled with subgrid stochastic model for residual fluid acceleration. The subgrid stochastic model for acceleration accounts for effects of flow intermittency at subgrid scales. We assess the capability of this model to reproduce solid particles statistics. Mots clefs : particules solides, acceleration, modeles stochastiques


Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the most unpleasant complications following anaesthesia and surgery since long time. A non -randomized case control study of prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting with IV- Granisetron was done on 270 adult surgical patients who received general or spinal aneasthesia. All the patients were followed up to 48 hours after operation. A complete response was achieved in prophylaxis group as 92.6% and in control group as 90.4%(p-value=0.6637). In patient with PONV ,gender incidence is equal in prophylaxis group. Female incidence is higher in control group. Majority of patients (90 to 100 %) had PONV within 24 hours after operation. As there is insignificant difference in the achievement between prohylaxis group and control group, anti emetic prophylaxis is recommended only for patient with one or more risk factors for PONV. DOI:10.3329/jbcps.v27i3.4290 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 139-143


Our work intends to investigate a comparative study on the morphometric data and nutritional evaluation in Xiphophorus helleri provided with commercial and domestic feed. The result revealed better mean length gain (1.30± 0.360cm), mean weight gain (0.95±0.051g), SGR (1.59±0.068), FCR (0.113±0.003) and survival rate (90%) in domestic feed (DF) compared to a commercial diet. It was devoid of proximate composition when bought for the study(CF) yielded decelerated values of mean length gain(1.23±0.115cm), mean weight gain (0.91± 0.072g), SGR (1.51± 0.0005), FCR (0.133±0.004) with survival rate of 80% thereby necessitated the selection of accurate feed to flourish the bio stress reliever i.e., the ornamental fishes.


A Study of Pattern Identification Ability of Mathematics Students using 'Self Guided Learning Method' and 'Teacher Guided Learning Method' exposed to the constructivist approach. Children are curious, inventive and constantly ask queries. In childhood they grow and change. This involves developing one's physical and mental capacities to the fullest. The child is a natural learner, and knowledge is the outcome of the child's own activity. Learning is acquiring new or modifying existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. Objectives of the study 1. To assess the Pattern Identification Ability of Mathematics students using Self Guided Learning Method exposed to the constructivist approach.


In the last two parr. (§§ 54-55) of "Against Andocides for Impiety" (Ps. Lys. 6) the speaker tells the judges about a piece of advice given in the past by his grandfather Diocles (a member of the priestly family of the Eumolpids) concerning a case of impiety. The assay aims to explain why this may be seen as an allusion to the episode of Callias (And. 1.110-116), and why it might have been made it in front of the judges. The problem raised by the verb (sunebouvleuse) is also dealt with.


Dyes are known as synthetic substances highly consumed in the textile industry by providing
the fiber fixation and staining with high persistence. Recent estimates indicate that tons of
these compounds are lost in the waters of refuse, with no effective method to their complete
elimination from the environment. Added to little effective legislation there are few studies
concerning degradation of such compounds in the literature, being the most discussed costly.
However, due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties pollutants, control of these
industrial wastes is relevant to both the preservation of the ecosystem and for human health.
The latest treatment techniques for efficient chemical degradation of these compounds are
mainly based on oxidative reactions, among which we can highlight the technique of
photoelectrocatalysis, which causes rapid oxidation of organic compounds due to the high
oxidizing power of hydroxyl radicals ( OH •) generated in this process. Thus, this study aims
to investigate the potential of the technique as a tool for photoelectrocatalysis degradation and
color removal of textile dyes in aqueous matrix, in particular the dye Acid Blue 29, the class
of acid dyes used in the textile industry. The experiments were made in different conditions,
varying the applied potential and supporting electrolyte, for example. It was observed that the
best results both for color removal and for the removal of COD, was gave by the highest
potential. Observed removals of organic load of up to 45% more dilute solutions of the dye,
indicating that when working with wastewater with lower concentrations, we obtain a higher
efficiency. Other parameters were varied in order to optimize the process.


We prove that every 3‐regular, n‐vertex simple graph with sufficiently large girth contains an independent set of size at least 0.4361n. (The best known bound is 0.4352n.) In fact, computer simulation suggests that the bound our method provides is about 0.438n.


A general theory is presented for the compensation of completely controllable, completely observable linear constant systems as in eqns (1) and (2) of this paper. A Kalman observer is used to generate the state variables from the inputs and outputs of the system. State variable feedback is used as the design approach, but the Kalman observer states are used instead of the system states, which are assumed to be internal to the system, and not available for feedback to the system inputs. The system outputs are found to depend on three different transfer functions; the poles of each may be shifted at will by the designer, while the zeros may be invariant. The steady-state input-output transfer function for the closed-loop compensated system has n poles which are chosen by the designer to be anywhere in the complex plane in complex-conjugate pairs or real locations, whilst the single input-output system zeros are invariant. There are two transient responses, one due to the plant initial conditions, and the ot...


In situ generated benzyne reacts at room temperature with (triphos)Pt–CH3+ to form a five-coordinate π-complex (2) that is isolable and stable in solution. Thermolysis of 2 at 60 °C generates (triphos)Pt(o-tolyl)+ (3), which is the product of formal migratory insertion of CH3– onto the coordinated benzyne. The reaction of 2 with the acid Ph2NH2+ yields toluene at room temperature over the course of 8 h, while the same reaction with 3 only proceeds to 40% conversion over 2 days. These data indicate that the protonolysis of 2 does not proceed by CH3 migration onto benzyne to form 3 followed by protodemetalation. Instead, the data suggest either that protonation of 2 is first and is followed by H migration to yield a PtIVPh(Me) dication or that this latter species is generated by direct protonolysis of coordinated benzyne prior to reductive elimination of toluene.


Objectives. We described hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) prevalence in a state prison system and retrospectively evaluated the case-finding performance of targeted testing of the 1945 to 1965 birth cohort in this population. Methods. We used observational data from universal testing of Pennsylvania state prison entrants (June 2004‐December 2012) to determine anti-HCV prevalence by birth cohort. We compared anti-HCV prevalence and the burden of anti-HCV in the 1945 to 1965 birth cohort with that in all other birth years. Results. Anti-HCV prevalence among 101 727 adults entering prison was 18.1%. Prevalence was highest among those born from 1945 to 1965, but most anti-HCV cases were in people born after 1965. Targeted testing of the 1945 to 1965 birth cohort would have identified a decreasing proportion of cases with time.


LIBRARIANS WERE surveyed in 1982, 1986, and 1990 in order to follow the status of the introduction of microcomputers and their uses in public schools and school libraries. Results of the surveys are presented and discussed. Librarians from selected representative schools were interviewed to obtain more in-depth information about experiences with using microcomputers. In the schools surveyed, the percentage of schools holding microcomputers seems to have stabilized at around 90-95 percent. The number of computers held per school has shown a dramatic increase over the eight-year period. Brands of computers held have varied over the years, but Apple and IBM seem to be the brands of choice today. Microcomputers are distributed through all types of school libraries at all levels. Uses of computers in school libraries are basically for educational support including some online searching and for library management and administration.


With statistics data from 210 cities in China through 1995-2006,this paper firstly calculate urban total factor energy efficiency,then adopts the spatial panel data model to explore the impact of energy efficiency spatial correlation on the regional distribution of energy efficiency.The results indicate a better interpretation of spatial panel data models than that of traditional models.Positive correlations exist between energy efficiency of a city and energy efficiency of neighboring cities.


I read with interest the recent article by Wade and associates "A randomized prospective study of the use-effectiveness of 2 methods of natural family planning: an interim report" (134: 628 1979). In reference to the study of the ovulation method the authors noted that abstinence begins on the 1st day of mucus secretion and continues until the evening of the 4th day beyond the peak or maximal mucus secretion. In the ovulation method the peak symptom is not the same as maximal mucus secretion as was indicated in the paper. The peak symptom is defined as the last day of the mucus discharge that is clear and/or stretchy and/or lubricative. In the definition of peak symptom the amount of mucus discharge is not specifically important and may often be misleading. I had the opportunity to do a site visit at this study at the request of the National Institutes of Health while the study was in progress. I analyzed several pregnancies which occurred in users of this ovulation method. Some of the pregnancies occurred as the result of poor teaching of the concept of peak symptom. In the ovulation method proper understanding and teaching of that concept are essential to the measurement of its effectiveness. Noticeably missing from this interim report was any discussion of the quality control procedures which were utilized to guarantee a high-quality educational service to the people entered into the study. While the authors claim that the methods were taught by professional teachers these teachers were actually women who had previously used the method and/or had formalized training in teaching the method. Simple use of either of the methods certainly does not qualify an individual to teach natural family planning. For those with formalized teaching such training should have been outlined since judgment on the effectiveness of the teaching cannot be made; such a judgment is essential to the proper analysis of results. Finally while the study claims to be a use-effectiveness study it is rather a modified version of extended use-effectiveness. No objective definition of "user failure" is provided. One cannot ascertain how many pregnancies were related to poor teaching nor can one tell how many occurred as the result of the couples last minute exercise of their freedom to use their fertility. The use-effectiveness of the 2 methods under study as a means to achieve a pregnancy have been ignored. In doing so the investigators have ignored use-effectiveness reality. (authors modified)


Based on Lyapunov stability theory and differential inequality technology,this paper gives a sufficient condition of exponential synchronization by using the linear matrix inequality technique,and designs an exponential synchronization controller.The synchronization controller is applied to secret communications through chaotic masking method.Simulation result based on Ikeda chaotic system shows that this method can accurately and rapidly recover the useful signal,and it is robustness for noise to achieve the purpose of secret communication.


Rodbro, P. & Christiansen, P. M. Quantitative Determination of Gastric Intrinsic Factor after Large Histamine Doses in Healthy Persons. Scand. J. din. Lab. Invest. 19, 186-189, 1967. In 30 healthy persons the average secretion of gastric intrinsic factor after augmented histamine stimulation was 15400±6650 ng vitamin B12 units/hour.A modification of the protein-coated charcoal assay for intrinsic factor-using a variable ratio between amounts of gastric juice and vitamin B12-is described in detail.


This paper presents the results of tests concerning the castability of metal composites based on an aluminium alloy matrix. The castability of composite suspensions containing carbide particles and suspensions containing graphite particles was tested using two tests: spiral and rod tests. It was found that as the volume fraction of particles increases, the castability of composites decreases, with graphite particles having a greater effect on the decrease in castability than silicon carbide particles. The paper also presents the results of research concerning the effect of ceramic particles on the shrinkage of solidifying and cooling composites. The shrinkage test results show a positive effect of ceramic particles introduced into the aluminium alloy, manifested by a decrease in the shrinkage value.


The aim of the current study is to assess the outcome of a group psychotherapy intervention in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder with or without agoraphobia and adjustment disorder with anxious or depressive symptoms. A total of 107 patients were included in the study, 73.8% were women and 26.2% men, aged from 21 and 62, from a Mental Health Center and a Primary Care Center, both of which are part of the Maresme Sanitary Consortium (Barcelona). The cognitive-behavioural therapy consisted of twenty 90-minute weekly sessions. The participants completed a semistructured interview that included clinical meas-ures of anxiety, depression, somatization, perceived emotional intelligence and other measures related with health (self-esteem and life satisfaction). The results showed significant improvements in symptom reduction, as well as an increase in self-esteem and perceived quality of life (p≤.001) for all diagnostic groups.


The biometric recognition using the feature of individuals, such as a fingerprint, a hand, and face recognition, is attracting attention. In this paper, the identification method which can be performed without the need of special operation for recognition to a user is proposed. The proposed method is used at a person tracking system. We focus on face information, as the information available for tracking a person. The validity of this proposal method was confirmed in indoor environment with simulation results.


The thermal transition behavior of a series of hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (HTPBD) containing segmented polyurethanes has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA). Four transition regions are observed; the soft segment Tg, at −74°C, two hard segment transitions T1, at 40°C and T2 at 103°C and a softening region by TMA at 180°C, presumed to arise from the dissociation of allophonate bonding, The low Tg, only 7°C higher than the Tg of free HTPBD, indicates nearly complete phase segregation despite the amorphous nature of the hard segment structure. The dependence of T1, on hard segment length and thermal cycling suggests that it represents domains consisting primarily of shorter hard segments units. Factors contributing to the rather low mechanical properties of HTPBD polyurethanes are also discussed.


Abstract The pressure-induced shifting coefficients for He-, Ne-, Ar-, Xe-, N 2 -, and O 2 -broadened lines of CO in the fundamental band have been measured by using a Fourier transform spectrometer. The lineshifts have been determined from the wavenumber differences between the lines of pure CO at low pressure and the pressure-broadened lines of CO in mixture with one of the perturbers above mentioned. Comparisons were made with results of theoretical calculations based on a semiclassical model and different isotropic and anisotropic intermolecular potentials. The general trends of the shifts with rotational quantum number are reproduced by the calculations, but not the finer details and the observed asymmetry behavior of the shifts for P and R branches.


Chronic Pain is defined as an unpleasant and subjective sensorial and emotional experience that prevails further than the usual course of an acute injury or disease. People in pain are in an overwhelming state of continued suffering that progressively disrupts their sense of control an Apart from the pharmacological and psychological interventions currently applied, many researchers suggest that body -mind techniques are also helpful. Pranayama langhana breathing yoga therapy practice (PLBYP) is a particular selection, combination and adjustment of classical breathing techniques that promotes mind -body calmness and relaxation. of this paper is to evaluate PLBYTP in the management of chronic pain patients. Forty (40) patients were recruited from FLENI Interdis chronic pain outpatient program (FICPOP) and divided into 2 groups. Each group completed 10 sessions of PLBYTP and Pain M relaxation techniques (PMG). A battery of self-reported questionnaires estimating pulse rate, anxiety (s tate and trait) and quality of life were administered at the beginning and at the end of the treatment for objective outcome evaluation. Pain level and breaths per minute count were assessed at the beginning and the end of each session. Patients that compl interventions showed positive results in pain management. PPLBYTP sessions showed significant improvements in reducing the number of breaths per minute. We think that the way of breathing may influence autonomic and pain processing.


The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is known as a very useful declslon-making model developed for obtaining the relative weights of alternatives through pairwise comparison in the context of hierarchical stiucture.
In this paper we propose a method to reflect the reliability of evaluators in the process of palrwlse comparison. This method is applied to the evaluation of aerospace technoiogy alternatlves. We have conducted a questionnaire survey for S company that is one of the representative aerospace companies in Korea.A questionnaire was designed for obtaining both the priorlty with considering the reliability of evaluators' importance weights (the modified AHP priority)and the priority with assuming equally reliable evaluators importance weights (the AHP priority)in order to compare the priority derived by each of two methods.The result shows that there exists the difference hard to neglect between the final priorities gained by two methods.
Keyword: Technology Evaluation Analytic Hierarchy Process Multiple Evaluator's Weights


A multi-stimuli cooling cycle can be used to increase the cyclic caloric performance of multicaloric materials like Ni–Mn–In Heusler alloys. However, the use of uniaxial compressive stress as an additional external stimulus to a magnetic field requires good mechanical stability. Improvement in mechanical stability and strength by doping has been shown in several studies. However, doping is always accompanied by grain refinement and a change in transition temperature. This raises the question of the extent to which mechanical strength is related to grain refinement, transition temperature, or precipitates. This study shows a direct comparison between a single-phase Ni–Mn–In and a two-phase Gd-doped Ni–Mn–In alloy with the same transition temperature and grain size. It is shown that the excellent magnetocaloric properties of the Ni–Mn–In matrix are maintained with doping. The isothermal entropy change and adiabatic temperature change are reduced by only 15% in the two-phase Ni–Mn–In Heusler alloy compared to the single-phase alloy, which results from a slight increase in thermal hysteresis and the width of the transition. Due to the same grain size and transition temperature, this effect can be directly related to the precipitates. The introduction of Gd precipitates leads to a 100% improvement in mechanical strength, which is significantly lower than the improvement observed for Ni–Mn–In alloys with grain refinement and Gd precipitates. This reveals that a significant contribution to the improved mechanical stability in Gd-doped Heusler alloys is related to grain refinement.


Purpose:  Clomiphene citrate (CC) is used in the management of infertile females. Estrus Cycle indices are good parameters for evaluating reproductive changes, while actual ova shed represents evidence of ovulation. This study is aimed at investigating how different doses of CC can affect the Estrus Cycle (EC), Estrus Cycle Ratio, (ECR), and ova shed (OS) in adult female rats.
Methodology: Twenty-five (50) female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 5 groups. Group A was controlled while groups B, C, D, and E were treated groups. Group A received 0.5 ml of sterile water. Groups B, C, and D were given 0.2 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg respectively at diestrus. Group E was given 6mg/kg/day of CC dissolved in sterile water. The administration was done orally. A vaginal smear was evaluated for various estrus phases. ECR was calculated, and ova shed at the estrus phase was evaluated at autopsy. All data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was taken at P < 0.05
Findings: There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the number of proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus in treated groups compared with control. ECR value in all treated groups also decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with control. This study further shows that all the animal groups (A-E) released ova but there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the number of ova released in groups B, C, D, and E against the control group.
Conclusion: CC decreases EC. It reduced ECR, hence prolonging luteogenesis. It decreases the number of eggs released. With a large dose and prolonged use, eggs were still released even when the ova released and counted were fewer compared with when this drug was not in use.
Recommendation: Infertile couples should copulate more at the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle when on CC to increase their chances of pregnancy. CC decreases the number of eggs released but makes the few eggs released stay longer for fertilization.


The hedonic method is an econometric tool to calculate implicit evaluation of environmental factors by employing the fact that preference of residents is capitalized into housing price. This paper utilizes the change of land price after the radiation contamination caused by the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant to calculate the amount of damages under Japanese tort law. The paper argues that the hedonic estimates can be used not only as proprietary loss of land owners but also as nonproprietary loss of residents in the radiation contaminated area. The hedonic method can be employed in other environmental nuisance cases, such as noise nuisance lawsuits and air pollution lawsuits.


Following a survey of rural water supply and sanitation programs in eight developing countries, the report identifies and analyzes those technical, financial, organizational and managerial factors which have contributed to the success or failure of the programs. Recommendations are made on program design and implementation, emphasizing particularly government commitment, community involvement and strong executing agencies.


Abstract The spectral radiance of a deuterium lamp has been calibrated by the radiation of an electron synchrotron and by the continuum radiation of a high temperature hydrogen arc. The two measurements allow an indirect comparison of the two radiometric standards in the spectral range from 175 to 340 nm. They agree with each other within less than ± 5%.


The Venezuelan Republic is signatory to the following basic international instruments: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Official Gazette of Venezuela of 28 January 1978) and the American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica) (Official Gazette of Venezuela of 14 June 1977). On signing these instruments, the country assumes obligations not just toward with other states in the international community but, chiefly, toward the individuals who live under its jurisdiction. The common denominator of these obligations is the recognition of and respect for the rights that are protected by declarations and conventions, i.e. proclaiming them and guaranteeing them. These instrument, to which Title III on Duties, Rights and Guarantees of the Venezuelan Constitution should be added, as well as the direct and indirect means of protecting human rights (appeals and ordinary proceedings) constitute the block of human rights, an internationally-recognized model of legitimacy that should govern the evaluation of our legal texts.


Defined as an effective development of industrial enterprises in the modern-tion of the Russian economy. The basic mechanisms allowing to increase efficiency of industrial enterprises in the competitive field. On the basis of system-dark approach to identify possible ways of effective development of businesses in a particular area. Examined the content, features and content of industrial policy and defined its specific role in enhancing the competitiveness of industrial enterprises.


Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm has become widely used. Supporters claim high success rates, few complications and a dramatically reduced hospital stay. However, endoleak, endotension and reports of endoprosthesis rupture are causes of concern.


The most important aspect in training medical specialists is the development of future doctor's professional knowledge, skills, abilities. The effectiveness of training is largely dependent on the teacher's role, and this function is multifaceted. Mastering the art of self-management encourages teachers of the Department of Children's Infectious Diseases at Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education to conduct their work more efficiently, with active motivation for work, which promotes professional development, and enables to attain professional and life goals, taking a short cut.


The integration of value engineering with target costing tool is important for any Entity aims to add value for itself by achieving a competitive advantage and satisfy its customers, at a time determined technical costs of the target allowable costs for the production of a commodity or service in the product design phase, the importance of value engineering stand out from the thorough analysis and product functions with high costs to be able to reduce these costs while maintaining the quality of function and efficiency of the performance of the product, and as a result of the use of systematic target costing in the analysis and extraction index value for each component of the color TV produced by electronics industry has been shown that the three components of costs high amount (50000) dinars, compared with color TV importer and these components are (screen, remote control, the equipment of the Interior) as the index value of more than one (1) which requires the reduction of costs and also make analysis of the value of functions with the cost of components and concluded that some components of the television it needs to re-design using value engineering to reduce cost and become the level of costs the cost of competitors.