Scientists have completed the sequencing of the human genome, making available the keys to transforming medicine and understanding disease. The announcement, made at a scientific meeting at the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MA, USA coincides with the 50th anniversary of the discovery of the DNA double helix by James Watson and Francis Crick. Less than 3 years after finishing the working draft and 2 years earlier than expected, an international consortium of scientists have solved 99% of the genetic code that makes up a human being. NIH scientists joined researchers around the world to map the 2.85 billion base pair DNA that encodes health, disease and heredity in humans. Each of the 23 pairs of chromosomes carry 50,000,000 to 300,000,000 base pairs and hundreds to thousands of genes. "The final mapping is 300-times more accurate than what was unveiled in 2000, closing gaps that held up research attempting to determine gene location and function," said Francis Collins, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute at the NIH. "We put out the draft sequence as a way of getting it out to scientists as quickly as we could. It gives them something to work with and get going, but the aim was always to generate a reference sequence for the human genome," said Jane Rogers at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute (Cambridge, UK), where a third of the genome was sequenced. "It's the best effort that mortals can do with current technology," said Elbert Branscomb of the Joint Genome Institute (CA, USA), one of the participating centers. Researchers from 120 countries have downloaded information which has been freely available on the Internet since the rough draft was unveiled. The completion of the genome sequence is seen merely as the first step in determining how genes influence disease and wellbeing. New treatments, customized drugs to individual genetic profiles and earlier diagnosis of disease are expected to be among the initial benefits of human genome sequencing. "We shouldn't expect immediate major breakthroughs but there is no doubt we have embarked upon one of the most exciting chapters of the book of life," said Allan Bradley, director at Sanger. The finished sequence is expected to spark a boom in genomic research in the pharmaceutical industry and to underpin biomedical research in the coming decades. Eric Lander of the Whitehead Institute (MA, USA) predicts scientists will have a solid understanding of the causes of disease within the next 10 years, and have therapies targeted towards those conditions in the next decade after that. "Completing the human genome is a vital step on a long road but the eventual health benefits could be phenomenal," said Bradley.


For a long time, camel sciences focused mainly on diseases and traditional use with some studies involved in physiological adaptation aspects. For the last decennia, new trends in camel and desert sciences could be observed. In analytical sciences, new data on blood and milk biochemistry, molecular genetic and immunology increased. Furthermore, new technologies in reproduction and in milk production processing were proposed through international cooperation between scientists, including high interaction with private sector. The adding values of camel products, especially milk, were studied in some cases. New techniques for intensification of camel fanning were proposed and tested in farms, both for reproduction and production. In veterinary sciences, ecopathological approach was still rarely developed, except to study diarrhoea on young camel. Moreover, systemic studies, with the aim to consider camel into their ecosystem, were rarely engaged except for wild camel in Australia. Finally, economical studies of camel sub sector both at national level and in international trade is the main lack in camel sciences today. According to these trends, advances research in camel sciences could be supported by the international scientific community and funding agencies by promoting the role of camel and camel farming in desertification combat and food security in arid lands. (Resume d'auteur)


The invention relates to a method for estimating a fly screen effect of an image sensing device having a plurality of image sensors for providing a luminous intensity information. The method includes a step of determining an image characteristic of an image information on a plurality of light intensity information (104) and a plurality of parameters (108) based, each of the plurality of image sensors each one of the plurality is associated with parameters, and a step of determining (106) a plurality of parameter values for the plurality of parameters (108), wherein the image characteristic is approximated to an ideal image characteristic, at least, wherein the plurality of parameters represents the fly screen effect in a model of the image capturing device.


Antibacterial activity of cefmenoxime (CMX) against clinically isolated organisms was examined in comparison with that of 4 other antibiotics and concluded as follows: Antibacterial activity of CMX was markedly stronger than those of cefazolin (CEZ), cefmetazole, latamoxef and ampicillin against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. marcescens, H. influenzae, P. mirabilis and indole positive Proteus. But the MIC level of CMX against S. aureus was higher than that of CEZ.


IT'S UNIMAGINABLE what the world of American literary scholarship would now sound like if F. O. Matthiessen had decided to stay with one of his original titles for American Renaissance, his monumental study of American writers of the mid-nineteenth century. He had been thinking of thematic titles?Literature for Democracy, Man in the Open Air, From East to West ?that would capture an action, track a process, instead of a taxo nomic title that would peg a period, build a structure around a rich flour ishing of symbolic action. He had toyed with one title, The Great Age in American Literature, that offered a sort of Nick Carraway judgment of the authors and the years that he focused on, but it's difficult now to picture our college curriculums studded with courses in the "American Great Age." They are studded, of course, with classes in the "American Renais sance," just as the scholarship dealing with the period is filled with texts that name themselves in relation to the title Matthiessen settled on (a title that was suggested to him by Harry Levin after the book had been ac cepted?on the condition that Matthiessen help subsidize it?by Oxford University Press). Matthiessen's title derives from Melville's own com parison of his age to the Elizabethan Renaissance, but until Matthiessen named the period, the phrase was not part of the cognitive map by which the nation's literature was known. Now, however, the name is the most familiar one on the map, and in recent years it has come to sound like an incantation in the titles of critical studies dealing with mid-nineteenth cen tury writers: The American Renaissance Reconsidered, Visionary Compacts:


Current methods of analysis for the seismic response of tunnels rely on linear elastic soil constitutive behaviour. This has obvious benefits in terms of minimising the number of soil parameters required and the complexity compared to more sophisticated soil models. However, it has recently become possible to parameterise sophisticated soil models using only routine data from boreholes or in-situ testing. This paper will therefore review the effectiveness of seismic analyses using an equivalent linear soil constitutive model, by comparison of 2D Finite Element simulations with those using an advanced non-linear elastic model with isotropic hardening plasticity. In the elastic case, the parameters have been estimated using Equivalent-linear Earthquake site Response Analyses software (EERA) and consideration will be given to the amount of sublayering that is required to match the variation of soil properties with depth. The tunnel considered is of horseshoe shape and sprayed concrete construction (New Austrian Tunnelling Method), based on metro tunnels in Santiago, Chile, subjected to the Llolleo ground motion from the 1985 Valparaiso Earthquake. The results will focus the differences in the induced structural forces within the tunnel lining and modification to the ground motion in the near-field of the tunnel, and discuss the implications of this for tunnel design.


We describe a decision procedure for a logic that supports 1) finite collections of elements (sets or multisets), 2) the cardinality operator, 3) a total order relation on elements, and 4) min and max operators on entire collections. Among the applications of this logic are 1) reasoning about the externally observable behavior of data structures such as random access priority queues, 2) specifying witness functions for synthesis problems of set algebra, and 3) reasoning about constraints on orderings arising in termination proofs.


Various sensing technologies, such as video cameras, ultrasonic, radars and tag-based systems, have been developed and tested to prevent collisions within blind areas of construction equipment. However, the performance of sensing technologies varies in different environments, such as dynamic vehicle conditions or characteristics of sensing technologies. Also, there are little standardized testing protocols to evaluate sensor systems performance in an objective manner. Therefore, this paper focuses on evaluating sensing systems performance based on a test design developed specifically for construction back-over safety practices. The presented testbed designs include sensor installation, static test, dynamic test, and dirty sensor test. Each test presents a generalized sensor evaluation factors that should be considered and results are shown in tabular and graphical formats. Contents of this study are expected to help researchers evaluate new technologies objectively and provide users with a better understanding of the implementation of sensing technologies in construction work zones to improve safety. KEYWORDS: Construction Safety, Back-over accidents, Sensing technology, Sensor evaluation factor, Testbed design Language: en


The second messenger, 3′,5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), is known to be modulated in taste buds following exposure to gustatory and other stimuli. Which taste cell type(s) (Type I/glial‐like cells, Type II/receptor cells, or Type III/presynaptic cells) undergo taste‐evoked changes of cAMP and what the functional consequences of such changes are remain unknown. Using Fura‐2 imaging of isolated mouse vallate taste cells, we explored how elevating cAMP alters Ca2+ levels in identified taste cells. Stimulating taste buds with forskolin (Fsk; 1 μm) + isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX; 100 μm), which elevates cellular cAMP, triggered Ca2+ transients in 38% of presynaptic cells (n= 128). We used transgenic GAD‐GFP mice to show that cAMP‐triggered Ca2+ responses occur only in the subset of presynaptic cells that lack glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD). We never observed cAMP‐stimulated responses in receptor cells, glial‐like cells or GAD‐expressing presynaptic cells. The response to cAMP was blocked by the protein kinase A inhibitor H89 and by removing extracellular Ca2+. Thus, the response to elevated cAMP is a PKA‐dependent influx of Ca2+. This Ca2+ influx was blocked by nifedipine (an inhibitor of L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels) but was unperturbed by ω‐agatoxin IVA and ω‐conotoxin GVIA (P/Q‐type and N‐type channel inhibitors, respectively). Single‐cell RT‐PCR on functionally identified presynaptic cells from GAD‐GFP mice confirmed the pharmacological analyses: Cav1.2 (an L‐type subunit) is expressed in cells that display cAMP‐triggered Ca2+ influx, while Cav2.1 (a P/Q subunit) is expressed in all presynaptic cells, and underlies depolarization‐triggered Ca2+ influx. Collectively, these data demonstrate cross‐talk between cAMP and Ca2+ signalling in a subclass of taste cells that form synapses with gustatory fibres and may integrate tastant‐evoked signals.


This paper deals with the basic concepts of sliding mode control of electric drives. Further, the features of sliding mode control are discussed. The discussions mainly on types of sliding mode control, order reduction, decoupling principles, disturbance rejection, insensitivity to parameter variations, and implementation in power converters, electric drives. In continuation of that recent trends in sliding mode control is also discussed.


A description of the social construction of cancer is offered from the cancer patient's relatives' point of view, focusing on the linkage made between contamination and cancer. The ethnography brings together four detailed observations of cancer patients found in a transient stage of remission, who are perceived by their relatives as paradoxically being at one and the same time very good-looking and also very sick. A semiotic explanation to the phenomenon of imputed infection with regard to cancer patients of 'doubtful appearance' is discussed, arguing that such imputation can be seen as one of several mechanisms intended to force the disease 'into the open' and thus re-align the lost congruence between internal and external.


Effect of Tricholoma mongolicum and its polysaccharide on immune function in mice were studied.The immune organ indexes were determined using the weight method.The serum antibody levels were measured by spectrophotometry.The monocyte-macrophage phagocytosis was measured by carbon clearance test and the lysozyme content in serum of mice was measured by immunization turbidimetry.The results showed that the powder and polysaccharide extract of Tricholoma mongolicum fruit bodies had no significant effect on the thymus weight;The high dose powder of Tricholoma mongolicum fruit bodies increased spleen weight significantly;The low dose powder of Tricholoma mongolicum mycelium increased thymus weight significantly;The low dose polysaccharide extract of Tricholoma mongolicum mycelium increased spleen weight significantly;The powder and polysaccharide extract of Tricholoma mongolicum fruit bodies and mycelium could enhance the average content of hemolytin and lysozyme in serum and could enhance the monocyte-macrophage phagocytosis.The powder and polysaccharide extract of Tricholoma mongolicum fruit bodies and mycelium could significantly improve immune function in mice.


In this paper we review leadership from the perspective of complexity theory and an emerging holistic science. We see leadership as creating wholeness in a fluid, dynamic environment. This means that leadership is less about problem solving and more about evolutionary co-creation. In a globalized connected world, leadership is increasingly required to deal with atypical situations characterized by a complex non-linear VUCA world – where events are unforeseen and even unpredictable. Hence the study of complex dynamical systems can provide useful insights with its concepts of dissipative structures, co-evolution, and autopoiesis. Rather than employing pre-packaged response models, situational immediacy calls for a coherent, creative leadership response more akin to poetry, rhythm and meaning-making. Naming wholeness, fragmented-ness and brokenness in order to more fully able to be and become individually and together – through co-sensing and making meaningful, incisive choices is the work of leaders and poets.


Background and aims Hepatobiliary disorders, associated either with extraintestinal manifestations or with consequences of treatment, are prevalent among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to prospectively assess the potential of noninvasive markers for the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with Crohn's disease. Methods A total of 114 patients were recruited. Established markers of fibrosis, namely, aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrotest, Forns, sonography, and transient elastography were performed and correlated with disease parameters. In addition to descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients were determined. The t-test and the Mann–Whitney U-test were applied and univariate and multivariate data analyses were performed. Results Ultrasound indicated hepatic steatosis in 33 patients, hepatomegaly in 10, and cirrhosis in two. Liver stiffness as quantified by transient elastography was determined to be 5.06±2.33 kPa (2.6–21.5). Results of noninvasive liver fibrosis markers were as follows: fibrotest,−1.65±0.94; APRI, 0.33±0.22; and Forns, 3.11±2.00. Correlation coefficients were found to be fibrotest/transient elastography: r=0.35291; APRI/transient elastography: r=0.38442; Forns/transient elastography: r=0.33949; fibrotest/APRI: r=0.52937; fibrotest/Forns: r=0.42413; and APRI/Forns: r=0.56491. Correlation of inflammatory markers and noninvasive liver fibrosis tests, respectively, was generally negative, whereas correlation of parameters indicating liver damage and liver fibrosis tests, respectively, was generally positive. Conclusion In a center-based, unselected cohort of patients with Crohn's disease, the positive correlations between laboratory-based markers of fibrosis and transient elastography were highly significant. A study correlating noninvasive and invasive tools for the assessment of liver fibrosis in IBD is reasonable.


BACKGROUND
Hydrazide-hydrazone derivatives have shown diverse biological activities, such as antitubercular (anti-TB), antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antiprotozoal actions.

OBJECTIVES
Hydrazide-hydrazones contain azomethine (-NH-N=CH-) group connected with carbonyl group and are believed to be responsible for various pharmaceutical applications. They aid in the synthesis of different five-membered heterocyclic systems, such as oxadiazole, triazoles, etc. Methods: In the present study, various hydrazines/hydrazones were synthesized starting from 4-amino benzoic acid derivatives. Structures of all 9 newly synthesized compounds (6a-6d and 8a-8e) were further characterized by using various spectroscopic methods, such as 1H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), etc. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis against the acyl-CoA carboxylase, AccD5 (PDB ID: 2A7S), was also carried out using the Glide module, which depicted good binding scores than standard drugs. The anti-tuberculosis activity of all the hydrazides and hydrazones (6a-6d and 8a-8e) were evaluated against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 RV strain using the Alamar-Blue susceptibility (MABA) test. The activity was expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in µg/mL values. The antioxidant activity was also carried out using a DPPH assay.

RESULTS
Our findings demonstrated highly encouraging in-vitro results (MABA assay, MIC: 1.2 µg/mL) of hydrazones as depicted by good antimycobacterial activity. The antioxidant results showed a moderate to a good percentage of DPPH inhibition. Our in-silico ADMET analysis further suggested good pharmacokinetic and toxicity-free profiles of synthesized analogues (6a-6d and 8a-8e).

CONCLUSION
Our results signify hydrazones/hydrazines as potential hit candidates against the future developments of potent and safer anti-TB agents.


The resolvent formalism is used to derive equations for the singlet and doublet distribution functions for a classical dense fluid not in equilibrium. The selection of diagrams to be included in the analysis is based strictly on perturbation techniques and order of magnitude criteria. A new and generalized equation is obtained for the pair distribution (in § 7) and the analysis confirms the singlet equation derived earlier by Allen and Cole using a different method. The relation of the present analysis to certain other theories is indicated.


The invention relates to a conveying tines (8, 8 ', 8' ', 8' '', 8 '' '') for a receiving device (1) on agricultural machines, such as harvesters for, stalk and sheet material or Heuwerbemaschinen, wherein the receiving device (1 ) is provided for receiving lying on the ground crop. Known conveying prongs of recording devices are mostly made of high quality spring wire as a double-conveying tines. A disadvantage of this double-feed tines that the winding portion of the double-feed tines always in a non acted upon by the crop area must be installed, as otherwise the crop can get caught in the winding portion of the double-rotor teeth and would thus occur congestion and damage. Furthermore, the introduced under load energy is stored substantially in the range of Windungsspirale, whereby impact load spikes can result. To eliminate these disadvantages, it is proposed that - the conveying tines (8, 8 ', 8' ', 8' '', 8 '' '') comprises a base (9) and at least two out of the socket (9) projecting individual tines (10), wherein at least the individual prongs ( 10) are made of an elastic material, - the base (9) is in the form of a closed body, - the base comprises an attachment portion (11) positioned between the individual prongs (10) is arranged, - it is the elastic material is a plastic.


The shrimp Potimirim brasiliana plays an important role in streams along the Brazilian coast as it feeds on the organic debris from the surrounding ecosystem. We determined the morphological sexual maturity of P. brasiliana by means of relative growth. Monthly throughout a year, we used sieves (2 mm mesh diameter) to collect the specimens in a coastal stream. A total of 3,521 specimens had their carapace length (CL) measured, as well as their second pleura length (PL) and the length (AML) and width (AMW) of the appendix masculina. The studied relationships were the following: CL vs. PL; CL vs. AML and CL vs. AMW, with the data adjusted to a logistic equation. All the relationships tested among the demographic groups differed statistically. The CL50 of females measured 3.45 mm, while the CL50 of males measured 2.75 mm. Two adult morphological groups were set apart for each sex. The CL vs. AMW relationship is the best at demonstrating the separation of the morphological groups for males. This fact is an intriguint issue as it suggests the presence of morphotypes in males, probably, playing different roles in the reproductive process.


The automatic analysis of respiratory sound is of enormous challenge. The success of the Automatic Classification of pulmonary obstructive diseases can carry a radical change in the medical field. The extracted features of adventitious respiratory sound are classified; the ability of classifier provides the best results. Neural Networks have come out to be a promising classifier for respiratory disorders. The paper reviews works of classification of adventitious and vascular sounds by methods like Neural Networks, KNN, ANN, SNN, CNN, and others. CNN technique recently applied to classification of respiratory sound is analyzed. Due to a large number of ongoing researches in the field of classification of respiratory diseases by signal processing techniques, there is a great need to summaries results at a place. It is concluded that CNN has emerged out as one of the better technique for the classification of respiratory sounds.


Background & Objectives: One of the most important of heart problems is related to the occurrence of atherosclerotic plaques. One of the underlying factors in this regard is bacterial infections. Many studies indicate the association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and the creation of plaques; it is one of the most important organisms in the development of coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae and those relation with coronary atherosclerosis. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive case-control study, serum samples were collected from two groups of patients (108 patients) and healthy subjects (108 persons). Anti- Chlamydia pneumonia antibody titers were evaluated; patients under study were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Both groups were matched in terms of the age and sex to reduce possible interactions. Results: In the evaluation of IgG antibody titers by ELISA and comparison between the two groups, the positive titers were 88.2% in the case group and 60.5% in the healthy subjects; this percentage was 74.6% in all subjects. The results of the two groups were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.005). Conclusion: Regarding the significance of the results in comparison between the patient and the control group, it can be argued that the presence of Chlamydia pneumonia can have a significant relationship with the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Despite the controversial findings in this regard, precise molecular studies can reveal possible mechanisms for the association of bacterial infections and the development of atherosclerosis.


An emoticon expressing method using width information in a mobile communication terminal is provided to be capable of checking width information of all characters to store the checked information in a DB, and to add or remove characters to or from emoticons according to width information of a receiving terminal by using meta data, so that the emoticons can be properly expressed. Width information of all characters is checked by terminal, and the checked information is stored in a DB(ST10). Characters are added to or removed from emoticons according to width information of a receiving terminal by using meta data which contains information on additional character restrictions or locations according to the individual emoticons, so that the emoticons are expressed(ST20).


Both hypertension and aging impact renal function. Elderly patients are more likely to have chronic kidney disease (CKD), usually defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate 60 mL/min/1.73 m. Multiple studies over the past two decades have shown that CKD is a powerful cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Reduced kidney function in elderly people is a marker for adverse outcomes. The major goals of lowering blood pressure (BP) in patients with CKD include reduction of mortality, CVD events and slowing progression. Main considerations in the management of hypertension include selection of a target BP and selection of agents used to attain the chosen target. Current clinical practice guidelines for BP targets and choice of anti– hypertensive agents in elderly patients with CKD are not specific. Older patients with CKD might experience increased mortality and hospitalizations in association with lower baseline BP values. This review outlines controversies in applying current guidelines for the management of BP to older patients with CKD. Because of the high burden of other comorbidities in older patients with CKD, strict adherence to guidelines for the management of hypertension may not always represent the most adequate approach. (J Korean Soc Hypertens 2011;17(4):148-155)


Supply Chain (SC) is a series or network of companies who work collectively to make and deliver products and services to end-users. SC has become an important way of gaining competitive advantage and a way of improving companies' performance. The impact of supply chain management (SCM) on the performance of manufacturing industries is very important in gaining competitive advantage. A weakness in SCM has a negative impact on the profit and can seriously affect the production and delivery of products. This research conceptualizes and develops four main dimensions to improve the performance of SLBC on Strategy and design, enabling infrastructure, process, and performance. To investigate the impact of SCM on the performance, this research employed descriptive data which was tested base on the available data through the use of software packaging for social scientists (SPSS) and Minitab. From the results, Process was found to have a strong correlation with performance (0.821), enabling infrastructure and performance (0.596) which shows that there is a cordial relationship between the variables. Also, performance has the highest mean (4.0760) which indicate it output factors have a very great impact on profitability, productivity and the entire performance. The company faced several setbacks in achieving its goals.


This paper explores the current machine learning based methods used to identify Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and depression in humans. Prevalence of mental ADHD and depression is increasing worldwide, partly due to the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for the latter but also because of the increasing demand placed on the mental health services. It is known that depression is the most common mental health condition, affecting an estimated 19.7% of people aged over 16. ADHD is also a very prevalent mental health condition, affecting approximately 7.2% of all age groups, with this being conceived as a conservative estimate. We explore the use of machine learning to identify ADHD and depression using different wearable and non-wearable sensors/modalities for training and testing. These modalities include functional Magnetic Resonance Imagery (fMRI), Electroencephalography (EEG), Medical Notes, Video and Speech. With mental health awareness on the rise, it is necessary to survey the existing literature on ADHD and depression for a machine learning based reliable Artificial Intelligence (AI). With access to in-person clinics limited and a paradigm shift to remote consultations, there is a need for AI-based technology to support the healthcare bodies, particularly in developed countries.


In the current study, haloarchaea Halobacterium salinarum cells were transformed individually with each of the modified archaellin genes (flaA1, flaA2 and flaB2) containing an oligonucleotide insert encoding the FLAG peptide (DYKDDDDK). The insertion site was selected to expose the FLAG peptide on the archaella filament surface. Three types of transformed cells synthesizing archaella, containing A1, A2, or B2 archaellin modified with FLAG peptide were obtained. Electron microscopy of archaella has demonstrated that in each case the FLAG peptide is available for the specific antibody binding. It was shown for the first time that the B2 archaellin, like archaellins A1 and A2, is found along the whole filament length.


INTRODUCTIONThe generation of a high-specific-activity [γ-(32)P]ATP analog is essential for detecting direct substrates of a kinase. Synthesis of radiolabeled ATP analog from unlabeled ADP analog involves a succession of phosphotransfer reactions that are performed in two stages. The first stage involves transfer of phosphate from [γ-(32)P]ATP to nucleotide diphosphate kinase (NDPK) to make [(32)P]NDPK. The second stage involves transfer of labeled phosphate from [(32)P]NDPK to ADP analog to generate [γ-(32)P]ATP analog. In this protocol, radiolabeled [γ-(32)P]cpATP is prepared from cyclopentyl ADP (cpADP) and [γ-(32)P]ATP by a phosphate transfer reaction using NDPK.


The purpose of this study is learning the impact of awareness on exercise value held by community baseball club members on leisure satisfaction and exercise continuation. Community baseball club members active at Chungcheong-do area in 2013 were taken as the population to achieve the purpose of this study. 500 community baseball club members in D Metropolitan City and C Province were selected regardless of ongoing baseball league level. SPSS 12.0 program was used to analyze the collected answer sheets. The statistical analysis of data yielded following conclusions. First, impact of awareness on exercise value on leisure satisfaction. Second, impact of awareness on exercise value on exercise continuation. Third, impact of leisure satisfaction on exercise continuation.


This report presents the step by step installation and testing procedures developed for the load response instrumentation at the Minnesota Road Research Project (Mn/ROAD). Load response instrumentation measures such parameters as strain, deflection and pressure in the pavement layers from dynamic axle loadings. The test procedures presented were performed immediately before and after paving to check for any gross malfunctioning of lead wires or sensors. The procedures presented do not include any accuracy tests. Initial survivability of the sensors is discussed as are probable causes for failures.


Individuals with chronic pain are among the most frequent users of health care. Still, a significant percentage does not utilize health care for pain. A range of factors predict chronic pain‐related health care utilization.


Natural hybrids of the sculpins Cottus bairdi and C. cognatus in the Sus- quehanna River drainage are electrophoretically identifiable on the basis of at least seven enzyme loci. Identification of Cottus hybrids on morphological grounds is, how- ever, somewhat speculative. Meristic characters overlap widely between the parental species, and hybrids generally do not possess intermediate character states. Hybrids can be tentatively identified on the basis of their intermediacy for two diagnostic characters which unambiguously distinguish the two species elsewhere in the Susque- hanna drainage: presence/absence of the palatine tooth patch, and number of pelvic fin rays. Principal component and discriminant analyses of suspected hybrids and samples of the parental species show the presumed hybrids to be somewhat intermedi- ate in morphology but to largely resemble C. cognatus in body form and meristic counts. Diagnostically intermediate specimens are more variable in their meristic and mensural characters than are nonintermediate individuals, and also display more bi- lateral asymmetry. F2 and backcross progeny were not detected in electrophoresis samples, but morphological evidence suggests that some introgression may be occur- ring.


Research of water resources restoration of natural
Dnieper river and man-made nature was carried out. The studies of water quality at working and peak operating
modes of production cooling equipment were carried out. The conditions for the
supersaturation of poorly soluble salts of the basin ( = 72.34; = 12.54) and
accumulation of sediments of the reservoir are determined. The gravity tools
for the restoration of water resources are proposed. A criterion equation for
recharge the circulating system at peak mode was obtained. The granulometric
potential of waste sediments at environmental feasibility is analyzed. The research involved supercritical temperature modes, taking
into account precipitation hyperthermia. In the process of conducting a
hydrological study, an evolutionary equation sediment model has been developed.
The calculations of the technological flow capacity limits by of 125 W/m2 due to turbidity (750 mg/l) and hardness (up to 12 mg ekv per liter) of water
resources are obtained. Mechanical sedimentation of the water stream increasing the
energy potential up to 275 W/m2 was determined. The use of chemical
agents (ozone) as a combined treatment increasing the flow potential up to 650
W/m2 is achieved. The application of technical way
to natural water improving power to 975 W/m2 is received. Erosion of the bottom of the basin reduces the hydrological potential
due to the unfinished state of biodegradation of sediments. The hydrological
characteristics of the stream at a distance of 3000 m with characteristic
technogenic inclusions were obtained. The study was conducted at natural
Dnieper river and laboratory conditions with chemical catalyst and mechanical
activator.


Several companies generate large amounts of agroindustrial waste, which could be used as raw material for the production of bioethanol; among them, those that process and commercialize rice, which produce a large amount of husk, a lignocellulosic material, as a by-product. These companies generally use rice husk as fuel for the ovens, generating problems to the environment due to the emission of polluting smoke. The objective of this work was to obtain bioethanol from rice husk, taking advantage of its cellulose and hemicellulose content. The lignin was removed by an alkaline pretreatment with 2.00% w/v sodium hidroxide solution. Cellulose and hemicellulose in the husk were hydrolysed by enzymatic hydrolysis with acid cellulase for 72 hours. During this period of time, the concentration of total reducing sugars was monitored by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method, in order to determine the reaction time in which the highest concentration of total reducing sugars is obtained. The sugars obtained were fermented with saccharomyces cerevisiae, for the production of alcohol. During the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pre-treated rice husk, it was found that the highest concentration of total reducing sugars in the samples was 7.778 g/L, obtained in a time of 24 hours of hydrolysis. The sugars obtained were fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for alcohol production. A distillate was obtained with a concentration of 3.7% v/v.


In terms of the importance of restoring heritage buildings in Egypt, this research was initiated with the objective of evaluating the effect of usinginvestigating the impact of employing nanatechnology during rehabilitation on the concrete mechanical and physical properties, where Engineering Syndicate Building, in Ramses Square, was taken as a case study. A reseach methodology was planned to encompass theoretical, experimental, analytical and inferential investigations. Throughout the theoretical investigation, literature in the field of restoring heritage buildings and nanothnology were assembled and scrutinized. During the experimental investigation, nanoparticles mixes were produced (i.e. Nano Calcuim carbonate (CaCO3)and Nano kaolin (NK)). In addition, hybrid nanoparticle mixes, with different proportions of nano-CaCo3 and NK, were obtained. For comparison purposes, a reference mix was prepared. Furthermore, the impact of implementing nanoparticles, with different proportions, on concrete mechanical so as physical properties was examined. In addition, employing such mixes in old concrete restoration was investigated. All through the analytical investigation, the results were analyzed and interpreted. During the inferential investigation, conclusions so as recommendations were inferred. The results indicated that adding nanoparticles reduced the concrete Journal of Environmental Sciences (JES) Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University Adly, Michel. et al. Vol.(50); Iss.(2); No.(3); Mar..2021 ISSN 1110-0826 40 workability and its compressive strength, in comparison to the reference mix. Moreover, the reslts designated that the suitable amount of the nano-CaCo3 and NK nanoparticles were 1% and 5%, respectively. On the other hand, the hybrid nanoparticle proper amount was 0.5% for nano-CaCo3 and 4.5% for NK. This proportion increased the hardening; achieved a better compressive strength so as adhesion to heritage building concrete and enhanced water permeability, in comparison to the reference mix. Innovative about this study is prioritizing the suitable nanoparticles proportions to ensure the efficient performance of concrete in heritage building restoration.


The west part of China is mainly inhabited by minorities.In the field of national theory,people study the strategy of West Great Development from the problem of nationalities.The achievements include:1)its meaning to national development.2)its influence on the problem of nationalities.3)national legislation and reform.4)the other points concerning the handling of several relationships.


NOx concentration is an important indicator of the response to ammonia dosage and nitrogen emissions, and its accurate prediction allows for efficient and rational optimal control of ammonia dosage. Due to the large external noise, time lag and non-linearity of the cement denitrification process, it is difficult to derive accurate mathematical prediction models. Therefore, a new machine learning model, namely EEMD-MImRMR-BASBP, is developed. Firstly, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and median-averaged filtering is used to process the data and remove the noise. In order to handle the large time lags, non-linearity and non-smoothness among the variables, mutual information (MI) based on the entropy principle is proposed to calculate the lag time of the non-linear system; furthermore, according to the feature variable selection method of Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy (mRMR), the factors with strong influence are selected as the input variables of the prediction model in combination with the results of the mechanism analysis. Then, the EEMD-MImRMR-BASBP model to predict NOx concentration is constructed, in which the initialization parameters of the Back Propagation Neural Network (BP) are searched by Beetle Antennae Search (BAS) to effectively overcome the parameter selection problem of traditional BP prediction models. Finally, the model was applied for the NOx concentration prediction of a real cement plant in Jiang xi and Fu ping and compared with the classical BP-based prediction model, BASBP model, the root means square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the EEMD-MImRMR-BASBP model for the two production lines are only 0.2927, 0.3513 and 0.1795, and 0.2383, which have better prediction performance compared with the current model.


The [CII] 158 μm line is typically the brightest far-IR emission line from star-forming galaxies. As such, this line is a possible tracer of star-formation, but to do so we need the relative contributions of different ISM phases. Using high physical resolution observations of the [CII] 158 μm line from Herschel PACS in five 3'×3' field in M 31 and optical IFU spectra from PPaK and ancillary IR data, we are able to spatially separate out the ISM phases Kapala. We find that a large fraction of [CII] emission in M 31 arises from diffuse gas (~20–90), with a sub-linear relation of [CII]–SFR at ~50 pc scales. However, on ~kpc scales, the observed empirical [CII]–SFR relation is in agreement with other extragalactic studies.


An apparatus was built to measure the spectral hemispherical reflectance and transmittance at variable angles of incidence. The apparatus consists of a Fourier-transform spectrometer, polarizers, and two integrating spheres. With one of the spheres, transmittance measurements can be performed, with the other, reflectance or absorptance measurements depending on the transmittance of the samples. The measurement range for transmittance measurements is from 400 nm to 2500 nm and for reflectance or absorptance measurements from 400 nm to 1900 nm. The design of the spheres and the optical set-up is described. The measurement accuracy was determined by measuring well-defined samples. Examples of measurements of different solar selective absorber coatings and anti-reflection layers are shown.


Although the heat treatment of austenite-martensitic stainless steels was widely studied, the phase transformations occurring during the process are not well known. The kinetics of the strengthening and of the martensitic transformation of a steel containing 0.075% C; 0.6% Mn; 0.31% Si; 16.4 to 16.9% Cr; 7.2 to 7.4% Ni; 0.6 to 1.2% Al; and 0.02 to 0.04% N/sub 2/ was studied as a function of the temperature and the duration of annealing. It was established that the maximum strengthening and the martensite formation are independent of each other. Soaking the metal at a temperature of 450 to 500 deg for 3 hr does not improve the strength of the metal although it corresponds to the maximum of the martensite formation. Increased strength is connected with the deposition of an intermetallic compound (FeNi)/sub 3/Al; to a lesser extent, with the martensitic transformation; and with the precipitation of microdispersed carbides. (TTT)


ObjectiveTo study the clinical application value of the diagnosis and treatment of organic infertility by hysteroscope under ultrasound guidance.Methods265 organic infertility cases were diagnosed and treated by hysteroscope under ultrasound guidance.During the course of the examination,hydrotubation was carried out,endometrial polyp was curetted and low-graded cervical adhesion was separated.Hysteroscopic surgeries under ultrasound guidance were for serious cervical adhesion,septum uterus,endometriomyoma and submucosal leiomyoma.Results170 organic infertility cases were found to involve endometrial polyp,endometriomyoma,submucosal leiomyoma,cervical adhesion,unicornuate uterus,septum uterus,varying regional,partial or complete obstruction of unilateral or bilateral fallopian tubes,endometrial carcinoma,endometritis and endometrial hyperplasia.The abnormality reaches 64%(170/265) of the total.During the four years' follow-up,141 cases were proved to be pregnant,which is 53%(141/265) of the total.ConclusionDiagnostic and surgical hysteroscope under ultrasound guidance can be applied as preferred,conventional examination item for organic infertility.


As you know, in the system of obstetric and gynecological associations, a large place is given to the antenatal clinic. When monitoring pregnant women, special attention is currently paid to identifying risk groups [2]. The management of pregnant women with Rh sensitization in the TASSR is mainly carried out by the Rh center, created at the Republican Clinical Hospital. However, a significant and, most importantly, the initial part of the work falls on the antenatal clinic, in which, at the first visit to a pregnant woman, the blood group and Rh affiliation are determined, and then a monthly blood test of Rh-negative pregnant women is carried out for the presence of Rh antibodies. At the same time, it is important to correctly assess the course of each pregnancy, since immuno-conflict is possible for other antigens of the Rh - Hr system; edge addition, errors are not excluded when determining the Rh membership.


AbstractService selection problem refers to the selection of appropriate Web services from a large number of candidates in order to create complex composite services that can satisfy users' quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. However, the existing services selection methods seldom consider the parallel relations between services as well as the dynamic changing of QoS. To combat these defects, a QoS-aware composite services selection model is presented based on an AND/OR graph model in this paper. The weight of edges is defined by considering QoS attributes, and one shorter path in the model is corresponding to the better service composition that satisfies the service request. Besides, the model is not only capable of dealing with sequence relations and fork relations between services, but also capable of dealing with parallel relations between services. And then a heuristic services selection algorithm is developed based on the framework of the ant colony optimization (ACO) to guide finding the path, a...


Rising stream salinity is a major threat to rivers in the Murray-Darling Basin. Hence, the management of river salinity forms a major component of the NSW State Salinity Strategy (SSS) and the Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council (MDBMC) Basin Salinity Management Strategy(BSMS). The Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources (DIPNR) has developed a model, the lntegrated Quantity Quality Model (IQQM), which can be applied to any river system to investigate the river salinity response to time varying salt load inputs. Management options such as changing flow regimes in regulated rivers and land use change interventions can be investigated with IQQM to evaluate impacts on end of valley salinity targets. In this study, groundwater levels, stream flows and stream water quality data from the Namoi Valley and the Box Creek catchments of NSW were analysed and modelled. Results of modelling stream-aquifer interaction in the Namoi River and groundwater salt inflow in Box Creek identified that two of the most crucial issues of concern were the estimate of surface wash-off salinity and groundwater levels especially close to the streams which affect the groundwater salt inflow. This indicated a need to better consider streamaquifer interaction within IQQM as well as to understand and quantify salt buildup-washoff processes.


Transient dynamic characteristics of ER concentric clutches are studied numerically when an extra electric field is suddenly applied. The modified Bingham model with regulation factor is adopted in order to avoid the divergence of numerical computation. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of clutches are dependent on the parameterb, which is in the yield stress formula of ERF, when an extra electric field is applied suddenly. In the case of 2b, the yield surface generates from the inner cylinder and moves towards the outer cylinder with the expansion of the non-yield region. The yield region attaches to the outer cylinder. In the case of 2b, the yield surface generates from the outer cylinder and moves towards the inner cylinder with the expansion of the non-yield region. The yield region attaches to the inner cylinder. The angel velocity profiles are also dependent upon b. Torques on both the inner and outer cylinder are also dependent on b strongly.


The tongue and palate may be deeply pigmented owing to the absorption of leprous tissue. The voice is often husky owing to laryngeal involvement, but it is uncommon for infiltration of the true vocal cords to occur. Laryngo-pharyngeal lesions are always exaggerated during the reactionary phase of the disease, and concomitant luetic infection increases their severity. It is in the treatment of the disease that Rogers has attained his greatest triumph. He has overcome the nauseating and other difficulties which attended the oral administration of crude Chaulmoogra oil by substituting the intra-muscular and subcutaneous injection of its derivatives. Moreover, he has separated more powerfully antileprous substances from the seeds of allied but more universally obtainable vegetable substances. To properly appreciate the ingenuity by which these substances have been obtained, and the methods of their administration, the reader should consult the book itself. The authors may rest assured that they have, in fact, succeeded in arousing renewed interest and in stimulating greater and more successful efforts than hitherto, in the task of controlling and reducing the most cruel disease that flesh is heir to. To this extent the human race remains their debtor. JAMES B. HORGAN.


This study explores two approaches to directly measuring the quality of instruction: teachers' assignments with student work and focused lesson observations. The technical quality and potential feasibility of these approaches for measuring instruction in large numbers of classrooms are compared within two different content areas (reading comprehension and mathematics). Generalizability and decision studies determined the optimal number of observations and assignments needed to obtain a reliable measure of a teacher's practice, and the association of these direct measures of instructional quality with student achievement was estimated. For both content areas, four assignments assessed by two raters yielded a reliable estimate of quality and as few as two observations yielded a reliable estimate of quality when teachers complied with the requirements of the research. The quality of observed instruction and teachers' assignments differentially predicted gains in students' achievement on the Stanford Achievement Test within each content area. The implications for measuring instruction "at-scale" in different content areas are discussed.


Objective To study the relationship betwe en erectile dysfunction(ED) and the abnormalities of the sex hormone levels in t ype 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) in men.Methods Erectile function(EF) of 60 men with T2DM and a con trol group consisting of 51 non-diabetic men were assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function(IIEF).The venous blood was drawn for the determinatio n of total testosterone(TT),estradiol(E 2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),lu teinizing hormone(LH) and sex hormone binding goblin(HbA 1c ).Resu lts The IIEF scores and values of TT of diabetic men were significant ly lower than those of the controls(P=0.000,0.000) and the values of LH w ere significantly higher than those of the controls(P=0.000).There were sig nificant negative correlations between free testosterone(FT)values and IIEF sc ores with age in men with T2DM.This phenomenon also existed in non-diabetic men, but the degree was mild.In diabetic men,the FT value also negatively correlated to HbA 1cbesides age.Conclusion There are relative hypogonadism and ED in men wi th T2DM,and their FT values are negatively correlated to the chronic hyperglycem ia.It is very important to examine the sex hormone in men with T2DM with ED.The cause-effect relationship between T2DM and hypogonadism needs further research.


ACPPlot is a command for creating graphics for Principal Component Analysis (PCA), principal planes and correlations circles; in both cases, adding options for joining points with trajectories, clustering points, labeling and for improving the general presentation of graphics. It uses Mathematica language and it represents an example of application of the capacities of Mathematica in the investigation of mathamatical methods for data analysis. There are also shown the facilities given by Mathematica for computations in PCA and Correspondence Analysis.


The increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EV) will pose great challenge to the nation's existing power grid by adding extra load during evening peak hours. This paper develops a centralised optimal charging scheduling (OCS) model with a mixed integer non-linear programme to mitigate the negative impact of extra load from EVs on the power grid. The objective of the OCS model is to minimise the energy cost of the entire system, which essentially levels the load of the entire power grid throughout a day under the dynamic pricing environment. Furthermore, a rolling horizon heuristic algorithm is proposed as an alternative solution that addresses large-scale OCS instances. Finally, when centralised scheduling is impractical, this paper proposes a decentralised optimal charging heuristic using the concepts of game theory and coordinate search. Numerical results show that the optimal charging scheduling model can significantly lower the total energy cost and the peak-to-average ratio (PAR) for a power system. When compared to uncontrolled charging, the decentralised charging heuristic yields considerable energy savings as well, although not as efficient as the centralised optimal charging solutions.


In this work we have studied the respiratory burst and chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from 51 workers exposed to chlorinated compounds, which were compared with those of non-exposed, age- and sex- matched invididuals. These two neutrophil functions were significantly reduced as compared to controls. No correlation was observed between the length of exposure, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) blood concentrations and neu trophil chemotaxis or the extent of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction.


Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis distributed worldwide, which is of great importance in human and veterinary medicine. Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii , can be transmitted through the ingestion of tissue cysts in infected meat, ingestion of food or water contaminated with oocysts and congenitally, by tachyzoites crossing the placenta from the infected mother to the fetus. Felines in particular (intermediate or definitive hosts for the parasites) have an important role in the epidemiology of this agent, as they can eliminate oocysts in the domestic environment. The aim of this review is to describe clinical manifestations of toxoplasmosis, to address the role of cats in the spread of the disease, as well as to discuss methods of diagnosis, therapeutic measures, prophylaxis and control of this disease.


This paper summarizes recent studies in the area and discusses some important features of the three-dimensional solutions for through-the-thickness cracks in elastic plates. In particular, the current work indicates that very thick plates must be treated with caution because within such plates a very strong presence of the out-of-plane singular mode may exist, which can significantly influence the fracture conditions.


The boundary layer flow in a Rayleigh-B\'enard convection cell of rectangular shape has been visualized in this fluid dynamics video. The experiment has been undertaken in air at a Rayleigh number $Ra=1.3\times 10^{10}$ and a Prandtl number $Pr=0.7$. Various sequences captured at selected positions of the heating plate show that the boundary layer is a very transient flow region characterized by coherent structures that permanently evolve. It becomes fully turbulent in the areas where the large-scale circulation impinge or leave the bottom plate.


In many health care systems around the world, increasing attention is focused on Human Resource Management (HRM). HRM is currently manifested as a key element of successful innovation because the human element is involved in the entire innovation process. Innovation is important in terms of public services, for example service innovation using information technology so as to increase efficiency and effectiveness in providing services. This study aims to analyze the effect of HRM on health service innovation in hospitals. This research method is a scoping review. The results of the research are from the literature search that discusses the effect of HRM on innovation in health services in hospitals. The types of innovations supported by HRM are HRM Practices, Knowledge Management, Humble Leadership, Green HRM, Crisis Management Theory, Clinical Directorates Model, and E-Medical services, E-Nursing services, and E-Adminstrative Services.


Stress can be negative or positive, however, the total lack of stress can be considered as a manifestation of mismatching the individual's abilities. Long-term stress of varying severity provides warning symptoms related to the areas of functioning of a young person. Adolescents experience excessive stress resulting in depressive reactions, lack of self-esteem, and aggressive reactions. However, the last manifestation is very visible in the form of increased, restless behavior. That is why this study attempts to define psychological stress. In addition, stress and coping with stress are presented.  Reflections on youth perception and stress management were undertaken. Family and institutional foster care are discussed. In addition, a SWOT analysis was presented. Institutional foster care.


The paper presents the application of the finite element method for predicting the performance of induction motor having asymmetry of stator and/or rotor winding due to the different combination and propagation of faults gained during heavy-duty operation. Quantities like magnetic vector potential, flux density, force components, rotor and stator currents, mutual and leakage inductance are determined very precisely. The detailed insight in magnetic field distribution of a squirrel cage induction motor, forms the basis for further evaluation of its operational behaviour. Increasing anomaly in magnetic field distribution due to the increasing stage of faults propagation results in a degradation of steady-state and dynamic performance of the induction motor and can be evaluated with computer simulation eliminating expensive and time-consuming laboratory tests.


Decision trees are surprisingly adaptive in four important respects: They automatically (1) adapt to Tsybakov's "noise" condition; (2) focuson data distributed on lower dimensional manifolds; (3) reject irrelevant features; (4) adaptto Bayes decision boundary smoothness. In this paper we exam ine a decision tree based on dyadic splits that adapts to each of th ese conditions to achieve minimax optimal rates of convergence. The proposed classifier is the first kno wn t achieve optimal rates for the class of distributions studied here while being practical and imple mentable.


The most classical model used in combustion theory to describe a planar steady flame reduces to −u″+cu'=g(u) in R, u(−∞)=0, u(+ι)=1, where the unknowns are u∈C 2 (R) and c∈R. For the numerical calculations, one uses a problem posed in a bounded domain [−a, a] and seeks for u a ∈C 2 (−a, a) and c a satisfying −u″ a +c a u' a =g(u a ) in [−a, a] and some boundary conditions at ±a. We show in this Note that the convergence of the truncated domain solution (u a , c a ) towards the solution (u, c) defined on all of R is exponential: we obtain estimates of the form |c a −c|≤K e −ka , ∥u a −u∥ C 2 (−a,a) ≤K e −ka Le modele le plus classique utilise en theorie de la combustion pour decrire une flamme plane stationnaire est de la forme −u″+cu'=g(u) dans R•u(−∞)=0, u(+∞)=1, ou les inconnues sont u∈C 2 (R) et le reel c. Pour les calculs numeriques, on utilise un probleme pose sur un domaine borne [−a,a], en cherchant u a ∈C 2 (−a, a) et c a verifiant −u a ″ + c a u' a =g(u a ) dans [-a, a] et certaines conditions aux limites en ±a. Nous montrons dans cette Note que la convergence de la solution tronquee (u a , c a ) vers la solution (u, c) definie sur tout R est exponentielle: on obtient une estimation de la forme |c a −c|≤K e −ka , ∥u a −u∥ C 2 (−a,a) ≤K e −ka


Hurupu "sulapa eppa" in the form s is human simbol in letter lontara. Obvious this font keep philosophy that human must congenial alive and in harmony with nature with good balance such as those which is symbolized by font s. Environment ethics whom we base as philosophy in make use nature obvious many found in society local wisdoms at celebes south, eg. in books lontara and pair ammatoa ri Kajang at Bulukumba regency. Those environment ethics principles is eg.: honour attitude towards nature, moral responsibility principle for nature, cosmic solidarity, affection principle and intends towards nature, principle" No Harm" , simple alive principle and in harmony with nature, justice principle, democracy principle with moral integrity principle.

Keywords: hurupu sulapa eppa, environment ethics, local wisdom
Keywords: hurupu sulapa eppa, environment ethics, local wisdom


Presented in this paper are a selective review and summary of recent research findings concerning the adult's role in infant development. After an introduction setting forth assumptions guiding the selection of issues and findings, the first sectiondidcusses research on parent/infant interaction. Some of the classic concepts of infant development, such as bonding and fear of strangers, are critically examined. Also disdussed'in the first section are the early relationship between parents and their infant, early forms of self-regulation, interaction at a distank.e, the beginnings of infant initiative, coping with an expanding awareness and new emotions, and the beginnings of self-assertion. The segond section examines the role of'nonfamilial caregivers, specifically is yelation to group care contexts and their impact on the infiht and on the parent-infant relationship: Specific atteption is given to the effects of day care on cognitive development and the role of,other children in group care settings. The third,section considers issues related'to lasting effects of the infant's early experience with adults. Discussion focuses on infants at risk, effects of the physical environment, and the need for improv'ed research. Finally, several conclusions based on the reviewed findings are offered. (RH)


In this essay, the author argues that cyber war does not pose the existential threat to humanity that nuclear weapons do. Still, some experts have called for cyber arms control negotiations and formal treaties. Differences in cultural norms and verification difficulties make such treaties hard to negotiate. International talks and cooperation might, however, develop rough rules of the road—analogous to those developed for nuclear weapons early in the Cold War—that can limit cyber conflict. The most promising early areas for international cyber cooperation are probably not bilateral conflicts but problems posed by third parties such as criminals and terrorists. It is likely, the author contends, that major governments will eventually give higher priority to cooperation that works against the insecurity created by non-state actors with cyber weaponry. But the world is far from such a response at this stage of cyber development, just as the major powers did not begin such cooperation on nuclear weapons until the third decade of the nuclear era.


Surface failures of slopes in weathered soil are caused by infiltration due to prolonged rainfall. These failures are mainly triggered by the deepening of the wetting band accompanied by a decrease in suction induced by the infiltrating water. This paper reports trends of rainfall-induced wetting band depth in two types of weathered soils that are commonly found in Korea. Both theoretical and numerical analyses are presented based on the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) obtained using filter paper as well as tensiometer tests. It is found that the magnitude of wetting front suction plays a key role in the stability of slopes in weathered soils. Theoretical analysis based on modified Green and Ampt model tends to underestimate the wetting band depth for typical Korean weathered soils. It was also deduced that for Korean weathered soils, the factor of safety drops rapidly once the wetting band depth of 1.2 m is reached.


In this paper, a non-destructive and efficient method for identifying gemstones of the same species based on Raman spectroscopy and pattern recognition algorithms was developed. Tianhuang stones from different origins (Shoushan (SS), Changhua (CH), and Laos (LA)) with similar composition and structure were investigated and analyzed. Raman spectra were collected by a self-developed portable Raman spectrometer. Combined with pattern recognition methods, the subtle differences between the three types of Tianhuang stones were comprehensively analyzed. Principal component analysis–latent Dirichlet allocation was used to predict the feasibility of distinguishing SS, CH, and LA Tianhuang stones by Raman spectra. Random forest analysis method was applied to establish SS/CH and SS/LA models to distinguish SS from CH and LA. The selection of characteristic variables and determination of the number of growing trees was discussed. Also, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the two models were calculated. The potential of this method for rapid and non-destructive identification of Tianhuang stones was proved. The feasibility and effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy combined with the pattern recognition method in identifying gemstones of the same species with similar composition were proved.


Row (1-7) and column (A-J) index, in addition to page number for Thomas Brothers Guide. Use in conjunction with page grid only, THOM_BROS.


We study the generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA), as a minimal formulation to the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. We propose Kernel-GPA, a novel global registration technique to solve SLAM in the deformable environment. We propose the concept of deformable transformation which encodes the entangled pose and deformation. We define deformable transformations using a kernel method and show that both the deformable transformations and the environment map can be solved globally in closed-form, up to global scale ambiguities. We solve the scale ambiguities by an optimization formulation that maximizes rigidity. We demonstrate Kernel-GPA using the Gaussian kernel and validate the superiority of Kernel-GPA with various datasets. Code and data are available at https://bitbucket.org/FangBai/deformableprocrustes .


Antibiotic resistance against fluoroquinolones is increasing, and that may adversely impact patients with retinal disorders. The introduction of intravitreal injections (IVT) to treat retinal diseases has increased from about 1 million in 2007 to an expected 6 million in 2016 (up from only 4,000 in 2001).


The objective of this research is to find out whether there is a significant difference on the Vocabulary achievement between the students who have not been taught using repetition technique and who have already been taught using repetition technique. The steps of the research were conducted within 6 meetings: 1 meeting for pre-test, 4 meetings for treatments, and 1 meeting for post-test.
The design of this study is a pre-experimental study. The study was conducted in one of private school in Surabaya. The population of the study is a group consisted of one classe of 7th grade students of junior high school from Surabaya in the academic year of 2016/2017.
There were 36 students who were followed this research. The group was taught by using repetition technique. The instrument that was used in this research is vocabulary test. The data are analyzed using T-test. The data of this research was quantitative data which is obtained by holding a pre-test and post-test to see the improvement score of students' vocabulary mastery. The researcher analyzed the validity and reliability of the instrument. She also calculated the item difficulty and item discrimination of the instrument. There were 5 items that should be removed because they were not qualified o be the questions of the instrument.
The results of the data analysis are as follows. First, the mean score of the post-test (84.44) is higher than that in the pre-test (74.22). Second, there is a significant difference in the vocabulary achievement in that group by the T-test results. With the level of significance at 5%, the t observation (to) was 3,29 and the ttable was 1,99. The to (3,29) is greater than ttable (1,99). Therefore, the hypothesis of this research "There is a significant difference between the students' vocabulary achievement before and after being taught using repetition technique" is accepted. Finally, it can be concluded that repetition technique applied in teaching vocabulary is effective for improving the students' vocabulary achievement.


Abstract. In this publication we address the lack of technical expertise in the geoscience community in the design and construction of photogrammetric systems for monitoring natural hazards at high spatio-temporal resolution. Accordingly, we provide in-depth information on the components, assembly instructions, and programming codes required to build them, making them accessible to researchers from different disciplines who are interested in 3D change detection monitoring. Each system comprises five photographic modules and a wireless transmission system for real-time image transfer. As an alternative to lidar (light detection and ranging), high-end digital cameras offer a simpler and more cost-effective solution for the generation of 3D models, especially in fixed time-lapse monitoring systems. The acquired images, in combination with algorithms that allow the creation of improved 3D models, offer change detection performance comparable to lidar. We showcase the usefulness of our approach by presenting real-world applications in the field of geohazard monitoring. Our findings highlight the potential of our method to detect pre-failure deformation and identify rockfalls with a theoretical change detection threshold of only 3–4 cm, thereby demonstrating the potential to achieve similar accuracies to lidar but at a much lower cost. Furthermore, thanks to the higher data acquisition frequency, the results show how the overlap of events that leads to an erroneous interpretation of the behaviour of the active area is minimized, allowing, for example, more accurate correlations between weather conditions and rockfall activity.


The paper presents microprocessor-oriented torque control algorithms based on sliding mode concept for a brushless dc motor with the consideration of some practical aspects such as energy loss, chattering, robustness, and physical implementation.


We present an examination of a design feature named "plausible deniability" which has been widely adopted in key exchange protocols, in particular, in IKEv2 and in signature-based modes of IKE. We expose an authentication flaw in these modes of IKE and IKEv2 which is due in part to the presence of this plausible deniability feature. The flaw is also present in the protocols SIGMA [18] and Σ0, Σ1 [6] from which IKEv2 and parts of IKE have evolved. Although minor, the flaw opens up the possibility of more serious denial of service attacks on IKE and IKEv2. We show how the flaw can very easily be removed from all these protocols. We then introduce new notions of deniability that are stronger than those possessed by today's key exchange protocols and show how these levels of deniability can be attained by using identitybased techniques. As a corollary, we demonstrate several more methods for fixing the authentication flaw in IKE and IKEv2 while at the same time actually improving the deniability properties of the protocols.


Lifetimes of states in the superdeformed band in 192Hg have been measured using the Doppler-shift attenuation and the recoil-distance methods for the high-spin and the low-spin regions, respectively. Line shapes and decay curves were obtained from high-fold gamma-ray coincidence spectra measured with the EUROGAM array. The transition quadrupole moments, derived from the lifetimes, are constant with an average value of Q(t) = 18.6 b down to the bottom of the band where it decays to the normal states. This suggests that the superdeformed potential-energy minimum is still present at that point and that the decay proceeds by tunneling.


AT BAHYSE, THE N9 LEMAN MOTORWAY TAKES THE FORM OF A SUNKEN ROAD THROUGH THE ROCK MASS. THE TRENCH WALL, 24M HIGH, IS SUPPORTED BY PRESTRESSED TIC RODS. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE STRUCTURE, GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL CONDITIONS, AND DESIGN OF THE NECESSARY ANCHORAGE DEVICES. STRESSES WITHIN THE ROCK MASS WERE ANALYSED BEFORE AND AFTER THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE TRENCH FOR THE PARTICULAR CASE WHERE THE INCLINATION OF THE LAYERS HAS A GRADIENT PRACTICALLY EQUAL TO THAT OF THE NATURAL TERRAIN AND THE VALUE OF WHICH IS OF THE ORDER OF THAT OF THE ANGLE OF FRICTION.


Various aspects directed towards automating an onboarding procedure are disclosed. In a first aspect, an administrative communication associated with onboarding an onboardable device is received by an access point (AP) device, such that the administrative communication originates from a device different than the onboardable device. The AP device then enables the onboardable device to access a secure network based on the administrative communication. In another aspect, an identifier is transmitted from an onboardable device while the onboardable device operates in an AP mode. The onboardable device then receives credentials associated with accessing a secure network via an AP device. Here, the credentials received from the AP device are in response to an authentication of the identifier by an administrator. The onboardable device then connects to the secure network by utilizing the credentials.


Purpose : Myocardial strain analysis is a promising tool for the detection of subtle but relevant alterations of left ventricular function, also in asymptomatic subjects. Thus, we determined the feasibility of cardiac MR-based 2D global strain analysis using feature tracking and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in a sample from the general population. Materials and Methods : Subjects without history of cardiocerebrovascular disease were enrolled in a sub-study of the population-based KORA (Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg) cohort. In all participants with absence of late gadolinium enhancement, longitudinal and circumferential global strain were measured on Cine SSFP imaging (TR: 29.97ms, TE: 1.46ms, ST: 8mm), using a semiautomatic segmentation algorithm (CVI42, Circle, Canada). Differences in strain values according to age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia were derived using linear regression analysis. Results: Among 360 subjects (mean age, 56.2±9.2 years, 57% male), average global systolic radial strain was 40.1±8.2%, circumferential 19.9±2.7% and longitudinal 19.8±3.2%. Male gender was associated with decreased global strain values, independent of the strain direction (all p<0.001). While many cardiovascular risk factors were correlated with strain in univariate analysis, mainly waist-to-hip ratio and HbA1c remained associated with decreased radial and circumferential strain in fully adjusted models. Similarly, higher radial and circumferential strain was observed in older subjects (β=0.14, p=0.01 and β=0.11, p=0.04, respectively).


In this paper, 18 novel chrysin derivatives were designed and synthesized. All target compounds were tested for anti-Toxoplasma activity by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric method. The chemical structures were character-ized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and HRMS spectra. The selectivity index of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-oxo- N ,2-diphenyl-4 H -chro-mene-8-sulfonamide ( D2 ) was 1.76, indicating that the anti-toxoplasma activity of compound D2 was significantly higher than that of the lead compound chrysin and the positive control drug sulfadiazine.


The acceptance of Liu's poetry in Song dynasty is related to the thought of poetics in Song dynasty.The thought and the pursuing of PLAINMNESS in personality realms deeply influenced Liu's poetry in spreading process in Song dynasty.The acceptance is also related to the poetic style of some poets such as Tao Yueming and Han Yu.


The objectives of this present study are to investigate the constructs underlying of authentic leadership in the Thai context and to develop a reliable and valid measure of a Thai authentic leadership measure. Findings suggest that Thai authentic leadership and Walumbwa et al.'s (2008) authentic leadership models are found to be consistent in four dimensions: self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalised moral perspective. However, the effect of being collectivist in Thailand suggests an additional dimension of authentic leadership, namely, relational harmony. In order to develop a new scale, there were two parts included in this study. Part I included items development and factor determination, data collected from 172 Thai Armed Force Officers. An exploratory factor analysis determined five dimensional structural model with 21 items. In Part II, data collected from 400 Thai Navy Officers. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The Results suggested to delete two items, and five dimensional model (19 items) was acceptable fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.05; RMR = 0.02; CFI = 0.96; GFI – 0.93). This paper also discusses an agenda for future research and practical implications to develop the existing theory and authentic leaders in the Thai workplace.


This paper reports an analysis of a signal and ground electrode contact type (SG-type) transmitter (Tx) for reducing an unintentional signal in intra-body communication (IBC). The unintentional signal is caused by a return path signal. We attempted to use the SG-type Tx for reducing the unintentional signal by the return path signal. The SG-type Tx was investigated using an experiment and an electromagnetic field simulation. The results indicated that the return path signal is reduced by the SG-type Tx. It was also found that the SG-type Tx has the ability of directional signal propagation.


Background: The threat of being sued is a concern for many anesthesiologists. This paper asks whether litigation brought against anesthesiologists is associated with the age of the anesthesiologist. Methods: Institutional research ethics approval was granted. We obtained billing data for all procedures performed by specialist anesthesiologists stratified into three age groups (less than 51, 51–64, and 65 and older) from British Columbia, Quebec, and Ontario for the 10-yr period from Jan. 1, 1993 to Dec. 31, 2002. We also obtained all litigations (including disability weighted claims) handled by the Canadian Medical Protective Association during the same time period in which the Canadian Medical Protective Association experts considered the anesthesiologist cited to be at least partially responsible for the adverse event leading to the complaint. Results: In univariate analysis with the less than 51 age group as the reference category, the litigation rate ratio for the 51–64 age group was 1.14 (95% CI: 0.99–1.32) and for the 65 and older age group was 1.50 (95% CI: 1.14–1.97). Our analyses using disability weighted claims showed the 51–64 group to have 1.31 (95% CI: 0.95–1.80) and 65 and older group to have 1.94 (95% CI: 1.41–2.67) relative increase in disability compared to the less than 51 age group. Conclusions: We found a higher frequency of litigation and a greater severity of injury in patients treated by anesthesiologists in the 65 and older group. The reasons for these findings should become an active field of research.


User Experience in Human-Computer Interaction is composed of a multitude of building blocks, one of which is how Voice Assistants (VAs) talk to their users. Linguistic considerations around syntax, grammar, and lexis have proven to influence users' perception of VAs. Users have nuanced preferences regarding how they want their VAs to talk to them. Previous studies have found these preferences to differ between domains, but an exhaustive and methodical overview is still outstanding. By means of an A/B study spanning over domains as well as dialog types, this paper methodically closes this gap and explores the degree of domain-sensitivity across different types of dialogs in German. The results paint a mixed picture regarding the importance of domain-sensitivity. While some degree of domain-sensitivity was found for in-car prompts, it generally seems to play a rather minor role in users' experience of VAs in the vehicle.


In this study we evaluate a case of refractory hypokalemia which is associated with hypomagnesemia and with other clinical features, characteristic ECG changes of ventricular bigeminy, prolonged PR interval, 'U waves and associated laboratory features. Intravenous magnesium therapy reverted the Hypokalemia, ECG changes and led to improvement in clinical symptoms. A brief review of literature is also highlighted. Introduction Magnesium is fourth most common extracellular and second most common intracellular cation of the body. It is pertinent for activation of various cellular enzymes and is responsible for neurotransmission, hormone receptor binding and post receptor activation. It plays a substantial role in maintenance of calcium and potassium homeostasis. Severe magnesium deficiency thus results in vagaries of manifestations ranging from ECG changes, neuromuscular abnormalities and defects in electrolyte and hormonal homeostasis. Hypomagnesemia though relatively common in clinical practice, esp. in ICU setting, is often missed out, mainly due to low index of suspicion. This article highlights the clinical findings of hypomagnesemia and stress the need for proactive treatment. Case Report 80 yr old female patient Mrs. XXX presented to ER (Emergency Room) with complaints of protracted vomiting for last 15 days associated with hyporesponsiveness, generalized weakness, abdominal pain and decreased appetite. Her vitals were stable and no complaint of chest pain or palpitation was present. No history suggesting any chronic illness could be elicited. On examination she was severely malnourished and CNS examination suggested decreased tone and decreased power of grade 4 of all 4 limbs with diminished reflexes. Other systemic examination did not reveal any significant abnormality. Her ECG showed ventricular bigeminy with transient prolonged PR interval, followed by persistent U waves. This lead us to look for electrolyte imbalance as the underlying cause. Further investigations revealed low serum potassium of 1.8 mEq/L (3.5-5.5) and normal Serum sodium 144mEq/L. Patient continued to have refractory hypokalemia even after adequate replacement with potassium chloride. A 24 hr urinary K + level of 57.22 mmol/24hrs (25-125) was found with metabolic alkalosis. Serum Magnesium was 0.5 mg/dl (1.62.8). Serum Ca + was 7.8 mg (9 11).The patient's potassium levels and symptoms improved remarkably after i.v. magnesium replacement. Subsequently raised Parathyroid hormone (PTH) values of 198 pg/ml (15-68.30) and low normal http://jmscr.igmpublication.org/home/ ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i10.154


CNKI database,Wanfang database and VIP database are three comprehensive and authoritative Chinese full-text databases in China. The types of collected literature and retrieval functions were evaluated,and based on the investigation and analysis of users, the development direction and service content of digital resource were adjusted to meet the different needs of different users, which would play a positive role in promoting.


Assume a point $z$ lies in the open unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ of the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$ and $f$ is an analytic self-map of $\mathbb{D}$ fixing 0. Then Schwarz's lemma gives $|f(z)|\leq |z|$ , and Dieudonné's lemma asserts that $|f^{\prime }(z)|\leq \min \{1,(1+|z|^{2})/(4|z|(1-|z|^{2}))\}$ . We prove a sharp upper bound for $|f^{\prime \prime }(z)|$ depending only on $|z|$ .


Simulation has always been employed to cover a wide-ranging aspect of the learning objectives in the Emergency Department (ED) curriculum at post-graduate and undergraduate level The aim of the study was to introduce new healthcare students to the clinical environment through the use of mixed reality devices to ensure familiarity before contact with the real environment and to provide alternative simulation education and 'bedside' teaching during disruptive periods like the COVID-19 pandemic.XR is a term that covers augmented reality (AR)/mixed reality (MR), which refers to a set of mobile digital technologies that allow a three-dimensional computer-generated model in the form of a hologram to be overlaid on a real environment With the use of a headset such as Google Glasses or the Microsoft HoloLens that projects a hologram into the users' physical environment, our learners can interact with the mixed reality (XR) world and have clinical encounters with simulated/standard Holo-patients (SHP). With the headset on, the learner can see the patient, hear real sounds from the patient and see objective data/vital signs that can aid clinical reasoning and make the simulated scenario more immersive. A new healthcare worker (student nurse, clinical support worker, doctor on first rotation) will have an immersive experience that bridges virtual and real-world, supplements reality, and has the potential to build confidence and aid learning prior to encountering the real world.


Abstract : The Tonge-Ramesh material model has been incorporated into 3 computational frameworks (EPIC, ALE3D, and ALEGRA)used by the US Army Research Laboratory for the simulation of terminal ballistic problems. Southwest Research Institute(SwRI) report number 1817637.03 noted that in the Lagrangian code EPIC, the Tonge-Ramesh model was relatively robust but was computationally expensive compared to simpler models, like Johnson-Holmquist-Beissel, and the damaged material was too strong. This work confirms the SwRI findings when using a different numerical method and identifies further limitations of the original model when it is used in an advecting framework. A simplified version of the model that is faster, more robust, and better suited for use in codes with advection, like ALE3D, is presented in this work along with evaluations of both the original and the updated models in ALE3D.


The human newborn is a homeotherm desiring to maintain a stable core body temperature over a wide range of environmental changes while minimizing metabolic demand. Hypothermia has been found to increase morbidity and mortality in newborns of all gestational ages and birth weights. The range over which a newborn can maintain body temperature is more limited than that of an adult. The newborn has a high surface area to volume ratio, a distinct lack of subcutaneous fat, poor vasomotor response to cold, and a relative inability to produce heat by shivering. Therefore, equilibrium is maintained by a delicate balance between heat production and heat loss.


Standard debuggers are limited in the amount of analysis that they perform in order to assist with debugging. This paper presents UDB, a source-level debugger for the Unicon programming language with a novel architecture and capabilities. UDB combines classical debugging techniques such as those found in GDB with a growing set of automatic debugging extensions. UDB tests the hypotheses that a debugger built on top of a high-level framework enables better debugging capabilities as well as easier and more efficient extension than ordinary debuggers.


In the article, we have been considered some approaches to understanding the term "science education", both foreign and domestic authors. Have been substantiated own understanding of the term, based on the experience of the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine also. Have been described the most commonly used terms of science education and delimited their semantic field.


A method to determine the stationery probability of regions or feature points in a video sequence is proposed in this paper. This is done by identifying feature points using the Harris corner detector, finding descriptors for the feature points and then tracking the feature points. The information gained from tracking the feature points is then used to determine the stationery probability of these features. This method is shown to successfully identify probable stationery and moving regions in video sequences.


This research was an investigation into the process of forgiveness. The analysis of qualitative interviews with nearly 100 participants suggested four different approaches, or styles, of forgiving and non-forgiving. The Intrapersonal style describes people who forgive other people by focusing on their own thoughts, feelings, and actions. The Interpersonal style describes people who forgive other people by focusing on the thoughts, feelings, and actions of the offending persons. The Easy Going style describes the people who never forgive anyone because they rarely or never feel offended and consequently rarely or never feel the need to forgive others. The Grudge Holder style describes people who rarely or never forgive anyone because they generally prefer to hold on to the offense for various reasons. The 26 item Pilot CFSI inventory was investigated for reliability and for convergent and divergent validity in a sample composed of 131 undergraduate and graduate students. Cronbachs' alphas of the scales showed the Pilot Caperton Forgiveness Style Inventory (CFSI) inventory to be internally consistent. Multiple regressions of CFSI scale results with IPIP Five Factor Model of Personality inventories, Fear-of-Intimacy relationship anxiety inventories, and demographic information demonstrated appropriate divergent validity for the scales. These results along with a varimax rotation factor analysis led to an 18 item Revised CFSI and a three item Humility scale which clearly mediated the forgiving process in some as yet to be determined way and was wholly unrelated to the non-


handful are examined in detail, allowing for a full critical and theoretically grounded analysis to emerge. is is a first-rate academic study, one that will set the agenda for subsequent scholarship on Puerto Rican culture in the U.S. mainland, queer and otherwise. Indeed, it should now be impossible to examine Puerto Rican migration without considering the long-repressed, but here recovered in detail, category of the sexuality of the migrants. David William Foster Arizona State University


The 9p21‐23 chromosome region harbors a number of known and putative tumor‐suppressor genes (TSGs). The best characterized gene in this area is p16INK4A (CDKN2A). Alterations of its product have been observed in various malignancies, including non‐small‐cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). We earlier investigated the mechanisms underlying p16INK4A inactivation. In the present study, we examined, in a series of 87 NSCLCs, its relationship with the kinetic parameters [proliferation index (PI) and apoptotic index (Al)] and the ploidy status of the tumors. In addition, we extended our previous LOH analysis of the 9p21‐23 region by examining flanking areas of p16INK4A. Aberrant p16 expression was observed in 41.4% of the carcinomas. A significant association was found with increased PI (p = 0.037), but not with apoptosis. Aneuploid tumors were more frequently correlated with abnormal p16 staining (p = 0.05). A high frequency of allelic imbalance (Alm) was noticed at the D9S161 (51.3%) and D9S157 (64.5%) loci, which lie approximately 4cM centromeric and 7cM telomeric, respectively, to CDKN2A. Abnormal p16INK4A expression was strongly correlated with Alm at D9S161 (p = 0.004). Allelic losses at D9S157 occurred more frequently in early stages (p = 0.018) and were significantly associated with deletions at D9S161 (p = 0.035). We conclude that, in a sub‐set of NSCLCs, (i) abnormal p16 expression contributes to tumor growth mainly by increasing the proliferative activity in the initial stages of carcinogenesis; (ii) the association with aneuploidy merely reflects the impact of aberrant p16 on proliferative activity; and (iii) other putative TSGs possibly reside within the 9p21‐23 region that possibly co‐operate in certain cases with CDKN2A in the development of NSCLCs. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 89:133–141, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper, we introduce a weaker form of the classical notion of coproximinality for Banach spaces. This is intended as a new tool to make the metric projection map linear. We show that if a weakly coproximinal subspace Y ⊂ X is a semi-M-ideal in X , then the associated metric projection map is linear and Y is a M-ideal in X . This is also linked to the classical problem of identifying Banach spaces as a quotient space X/Y , where Y has certain non-linear geometric properties in X . We give a counterexample to the 3-space problem for weak coproximinality. We also study its stability properties for spaces of vector-valued continuous functions.


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Fusco, Martínez-Pérez, Remkes, De Pascali, Ortalli, Varani and Scagliarini. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. A sex and gender perspective for neglected zoonotic diseases


Background Aldosterone at high concentrations causes an expansion of apical surface area and volume of cultured endothelial cells. These morphological changes are associated with endothelial cell stiffening. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the aforementioned aldosterone actions are confined to aldosterone concentrations within the pathophysiological range. Moreover, we investigated whether endothelial cells of venous and arterial origin respond similarly to aldosterone and whether the new aldosterone antagonist eplerenone effectively prevents endothelial cell growth and stiffening. Methods We used an endothelial cell line of venous origin (EAHy 926) and primary cultures of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC). Cells were incubated for 72 h with aldosterone at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nmol/l. Eplerenone was added at a concentration of 2 μmol/l. Applying atomic force microscopy, we scanned cell layers under fixed and living conditions, allowing measurement of endothelial cell apical surface, voIume and cellular stiffness. Results Aldosterone had comparable effects on EAHy 926 and HCAEC. In EAHy 926, the apical surface increased dose dependently by up to 72 ± 5% and cell volume by up to 36 ± 5%. In HCAEC, the maximum increase of apical surface was 78 ± 6% and maximum cell volume expansion was 58 ± 6%. Furthermore, aldosterone increased endothelial cell stiffness from 1.47 ± 0.08 kPa up to 3.95 ± 0.15 kPa in EAHy 926, and from 1.64 ± 0.13 kPa up to 4.31 ± 0.13 kPa in HCAEC. Physiological aldosterone concentrations had no effect, but starting at 1 nmol/l, corresponding to the low pathophysiological range, substantial cell alterations emerged. Eplerenone, at a therapeutic concentration, prevented the observed actions of aldosterone. Conclusions Aldosterone-induced endothelial cell growth and stiffening in vitro begins with concentrations in the low pathophysiological range. The preventive action of eplerenone indicates that the endothelium could be a major target of this drug in vivo.


The influence of sub-zero treatment on the fracture toughness of Cr-V ledeburitic steel Vanadis 6 was examined, in comparison with the same material processed without the sub-zero period. The microstructure of the material consists of the matrix and several types of carbides – eutectic carbides (ECs), secondary carbides (SCs) and small globular carbides (SGCs). Small amounts of retained austenite were also present in the microstructure, but only in the untempered or low-temperature tempered steel. Sub-zero treatment increases the amount of small globular carbides. On the other hand, tempering results in a decrease in the population density of these particles. The fracture toughness of conventionally heat-treated steel firstly increases with the tempering, but then it decreases rapidly when the steel is tempered at the temperature of secondary hardening. In the case of the sub-zero treated material, the fracture toughness is correspondingly lower when the material is tempered at low temperatures, but it becomes slightly higher in the temperature range normally used for secondary hardening. Generally, one can say that the fracture toughness follows well the values of the hardness of the material, except in the narrow temperature range in the case of the sub-zero treated steel, where a "window" for a simultaneous enhancement of hardness and toughness exists.


Purpose To prepare chitosan iodide by chemical treatment of chitosan with potassium iodide and to investigate its antibacterial activity on some kinds of germs. Methods Preparing the chitosan iodide by salification, and determining its antibacterial activity by tilt-pour process. Results The target material successfully is obtained.Chitosan iodide has obvious antibacterial activity on germs we experimented. Conclusion Chitosan iodide can be applied to antibacterial fields hopefully.