Formal methods allow for building correct-by-construction software with provable guarantees. The formal development presented here resulted in certified executable functions for mesh generation. The term certified means that their correctness is established via an artifact, or certificate, which is a statement of these functions in a formal language along with the proofs of their correctness. The term is meaningful only when qualified by a specific set of properties that are proven. This manuscript elaborates on the precise statements of the properties being proven and their role in an implementation of a version of the Isosurface Stuffing algorithm by Labelle and Shewchuk. This work makes use of the Calculus of Inductive Constructions for defining executable functions, stating their properties, and proving these properties via a direct examination of these functions (the property of liveness). The certificate is made available for inspection and execution using the Coq proof assistant.


This essay examines the artwork of Toronto-based artist Janice Gurney, focusing on her use of text and punctuation in her artwork; her work is specifically examined in relation to Derrida's notion of freeplay. Focusing on artists who are part of Gurney's social network, I trace a brief history of the use of text and textual elements within contemporary Canadian art, connecting this history to Gurney's use of text as an ambivalent act of historical translation. The focus of this text is an examination of Gurney's use of punctuation from The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius in her new series of paintings titled Punctuation in Translation. Each of Gurney's paintings represent a single translation of Marcus Aurelius, in which only the punctuation is reproduced, eliminating the words and in this way she presents Aurelius not through the presence of his words in translation, but through their absence. Gurney revels in the never-ending Derridian freeplay of translation and contextualization that occurs with each and every reading of her artwork.


The creative design process for Daffodils- Enduring Winter involved merging a concept of sustainability with an exploration of new textile design techniques.


Objective: Children with moyamoya (occlusive disease of the terminal internal carotid/proximal middle cerebral arteries with basal collaterals) have a high rate of recurrent arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS) and associated neurological morbidity; surgical revascularization has potential to prevent this. Here we describe our experience of surgical revascularization for childhood moyamoya. Method: Retrospective case note and radiology review of children with moyamoya (idiopathic or secondary) who underwent surgical revascularization at our centre between 1999 and 2010. Results: Seventy children (30 males, 40 females) were identified with median age at presentation of 56 months (range 7–174). Twenty-seven had an associated medical diagnosis. Clinical presentation was with the following: AIS (n=49), transient ischaemic attacks (n=30), or clinically silent (n=1). At presentation 44 had motor and 31 had cognitive impairment. Cerebrovascular disease was unilateral in eight, unilateral progressing to bilateral in two and bilateral in 60 children. One hundred and thirty-five surgical revascularization procedures have been undertaken: eight unilateral, 124 bilateral and three additional indirect procedures following bilateral surgical revascularization. The median interval from presentation to SR was 20 months (range 1– 144) and median age at surgical revascularization was 92 months (range 12–216). There was no peri-operative mortality. One child (who was anticoagulated) had an intracranial haemorrhage in the early postoperative period. The median duration of follow-up was 34 months (range 2–156). All patients were re-imaged with magnetic resonance imaging at least once postoperatively. Two children had recurrent AIS at 4 and 11 months after surgery; another had clinically silent white matter infarcts on imaging. Two children with sickle cell disease had intracranial haemorrhage 6 weeks and 18 months after surgical revascularization (probably unrelated). Twenty-two out of 30 patients with TIA had symptomatic improvement. Conclusion: Our experience of SR for moyamoya is comparable to other large series. Surgical revascularization is safe and the rate of recurrent AIS after surgery is lower than would be predicted.


You, the reader, will, I hope, find that this review gives you some idea of what this book is about. But, as Fred Dretske, professor and chair of the Philosophy Department at Stanford University, points out, if we should scan your brain simultaneously, all we would find would be "activities ofthe nervous system," not the "thoughts and experiences" that you may be having (p. 108)-any more than the thoughts are literally to be found in the lines of this review. Dretske has written a tightly reasoned and focused book that calls for a naturalistic understanding ofthe human mind. Dretske assumes that the mind serves "informational functions" that are natural, not conventional, in basis. It follows, for Dretske, that "( 1) All mental facts are representational facts, and (2) All representational facts are facts about informational functions" (p. xiii). Thus, if you wish to understand how a camera operates, you cannot simply take it apart to gain this understanding; you must first realize what its purpose is. So it is with the human mind. But Dretske's favorite metaphor is the speedometer; and, in a way, the mind, for Dretske, becomes a glorified speedometer. Consistent with this image, Dretske contends that he has "explained" consciousness and "objectified" human subjectivity-claims that are problematic, as Dretske himself realizes, especially in the realm ofthe emotions (such as joy and despair). At the least, however, Dretske provides us with an interesting and useful way ofviewing the mind. It is one that puts him at odds with such counter approaches as materialist (perhaps the more widely held view), behaviorist, and idealist. All of these approaches diverge widely in their understanding of the mind. It is indeed ironic that something so intimate and central to our very being as human consciousness should be so remote in its accessibility to our comprehension. Of all Pascal's Thoughts, number 72, on "Man's disproportion" between the infinity and the nothingness of the universe is perhaps the most familiar; less well known is the conclusion of that same thought: "Man is to himself the most wonderful object in nature; for he cannot conceive


Objective:To analyze the ITS2 sequences of Cnidium monnieri(L.)Cuss.and its closely related species and explore the molecular identification method for C.monnieri.Methods:The PCR technique was performed to amplify the ITS2 regions and purified PCR products were sequenced bi-directionally.Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were conducted using the CodonCode Aligner.Sequence analysis were carried out by MEGA5.0 software.The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining methods.The ITS2 secondary structure was predicted using the ITS2 database and website founded by Schultz et al.Results:C.monnieri and its closely related species can be authenticated by the obvious differences of their ITS2 sequences.The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequences and secondary structure of ITS2 can also distinguish C.monnieri and its closely related species.Conclusion:ITS2 can be used to identify C.monnieri and its closely related species.


Malicious JavaScript Detection using Statistical Language Model by Anumeha Shah The Internet has an immense importance in our day to day life, but at the same time, it has become the medium of infecting computers, attacking users, and distributing malicious code. As JavaScript is the principal language of client side programming, it is frequently used in conducting such attacks. Various approaches have been made to overcome the JavaScript security issues. Some advanced approaches utilize machine learning technology in combination with de-obfuscation and emulation. Many methods of analysis incorporate static analysis and dynamic analysis. Our solution is entirely based on static analysis, which avoids unnecessary runtime overhead. The central objective of this project is to integrate the work done by Eunjin (EJ) Jung et al. on Towards A Robust Detection of Malicious JavaScript (TARDIS) into the web browser via a Firefox add-on and to demonstrate the usability of our addon in defending against such attacks. TARDIS uses statistical language modeling for an automatic feature extraction and combines it with structural features from an abstract syntax tree [1]. We have developed a Firefox add-on that is capable of extracting JavaScript code from the page visited and classifying the JavaScript code as either malicious or benign. We leverage the benefit of using a pre-compiled training model in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON). JSON is lightweight and does not consume much memory on a user's machine. Moreover, it stores the data as key-value pairs and easily maps to the data structures used in modern programming languages. The principle advantage of using a pre-compiled training model is better performance. Our model can achieve 98% accuracy on our sample dataset.


Vector space models have received a significant attention in recent years. They have been applied in a wide spectrum of areas including information filtering, information retrieval, document indexing and relevancy ranking. Random indexing is one of the methods employing distributional statistics of term co-occurrences to generate vector space models from a set of documents. If the size of the document collection is large, a significant computational power is required to compute the results.

This paper presents an efficient implementation of the random indexing method on GPU which allows efficient training on large datasets. It is only limited by the amount of memory available on the GPU. Various ways to overcome the dependence on the GPU memory are discussed. Speedups in magnitude of tens are achieved for training from random seed vectors, and even much higher figures for retraining. The implementation scales well with both the term vector dimension and the seed length.


Black holes are bodies that, according to the theory of General Relativity, attract all the matter that comes too close to their interior. Their existence today have been indicated by several observational data, even if indirect. The prediction of the existence of black holes long before the confirmation of observational data of any kind is an example of the very advanced stage in which theoretical physics has presently developed; and even if today there are some observations available, they are still too faible to provide an analysis of all the aspects predicted in theory for the phenomena. This is the reason why it would be interesting to simulate analogous objects, more accessible than real black holes, based on studies of condensed matter: the so-called acoustic black holes. In this work we develop the mathematical formalism for acoustic black holes, and by building the Painleve-Gullstrand metric we visualize the analogy between the acoustic metric of a fluid at supersonic speed and General Relativity. We can observe that results obtained by General Relativity, such as the existence of an event horizon, can be rescued with the use of this metric for the fluid. In particular, using Killing vectors we get to the concept of surface gravity, and from it we can calculate the temperature of an acoustic black hole, showing that thermodynamic effects such as the existence of Hawking radiation can also be studied with the use these analogue models.


The Nobel Prize winning discovery that adult differentiated cells can be reprogrammed to a state of pluripotency, to yield induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC), has represented a major breakthrough in the field of stem cell research, bearing its significance on the progress it made possible in the study of development and cellular specialization but also - and crucially - on the decisive spur it gave to a whole new frontier of research into cutting-edge clinical applications. Greatly expanding on the potential of human embryonic stem cells, iPSC have indeed raised unprecedented - albeit in large part still promissory - prospects in the related yet distinct fields of disease modeling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Unsuprisingly, as a key site of techno-scientific innovation iPSC research has been invested with high socio-economic expectations, progressively positioning itself, through the mobilization of several biomedical platforms (Keating and Cambrosio 2003), as a pillar of stem cell-based bioeconomies (Gottweis, Salter and Waldby 2009). Against this background, drawing from extensive ethnographic fieldwork conducted within one of the major iPSC facilities in the United States, the iPSC Core Facility at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, our paper focuses on a crucial moment in the standardization trajectory of these emergent biomedical entities, namely the automation of the iPSC lab. Specifically, we provide an in-depth account of how highly innovative practices of quantification and mechanization, enacted through the introduction of automated processes of cell derivation and culture, engender significant epistemic reconfigurations of the defining feature of this entire field, namely pluripotency, by refraiming it as a discreet binary category - in stark contrast with the complexity and multifactoriality of established reference standards (Muller et al 2011; Bock et al 2011). Analyzing the results of this ethnography through the lenses of a co-productionist framework (Jasanoff 2004), we then aim at dissecting how iPSC automation functions as a platform for mutually constitutive socio-economic and epistemic reorderings. Indeed, far from representing a mere technical and epistemic arrangement, the automation of the lab, and the concomitant refraiming of pluripotency as a digital category, emerge from our work as socio-economic reconfigurations that i) turn iPSC into highly portable, standardized commodities and ii) reinforce the clear-cut demarcation between epistemic-driven research and industrial-like development that propels the present day stem cell-based bio-economy.


Why was Britain so reluctant to use the tools of cultural diplomacy for the cold war? First, the habits of administration and the effects of war encouraged a compartmentalization of effort. There was no obvious point at which to construct an overview or a strategy which could match the Soviet enterprise. Second, the dissolution of the empire exposed the racism and ethnic tensions which had existed in both the United Kingdom and its colonies. Policymakers appeared to be pursuing incompatible objectives. They found it difficult to think about post‐colonial influence except in terms of a policy for the Commonwealth, but also to construct such a line of action. The insubstantiality of cultural diplomacy is part of the trauma of losing great power status. Arab nationalism was the major force which prompted government into action on cultural affairs. Commitments were made before the military operations in Suez.


Thermal spreading resistance (TSR) for eccentric circular, square and equilateral triangular heat sources on circular heat flux tubes are conducted in this paper. It is shown that the eccentricity has a great influence on TSR. Our numerical results concerning the TSR are in good agreement with Bairi & Laraqi's analytical data. Influence of the shapes on TSR is studied utilizing a series of isosceles triangular heat sources on circular heat flux tubes and rectangular heat sources on square heat flux tubes. The numerical results show that the TSR is strongly dependent on the ratio of inscribed circle radius to circumcircle radius of the heat source. Effect of heat source with fractal boundary on dimensionless TSR is also carried out when the heat source area of every tube is kept at a constant value. The numerical results show that TSR decreases as the construction number N increases and the variation of amplitude of TSR increases as the relative contact size ∊ increases.


We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the functor that forgets the $(C, \gamma)$-coaction to be separable. This leads to a generalized notion of integrals. Finally, the applications of our results are considered.


It has been commonly assumed that low-energy neutral pion photoproduction from the proton can be described accounting only for S and P waves, and that higher partial waves are irrelevant. We have found that this assumption is not correct and that the inclusion of D waves is necessary to obtain a reliable extraction of the $E_{0+}$ multipole from experimental data. This is due in large measure to the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry in QCD which leads to very small S-wave contributions. This makes the usual partial wave expansion less accurate and although D waves are small, their contribution is enhanced through the interference with P waves, which compromises the S-wave extraction from data if D waves are not taken into account. In our work we have used Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory to one loop, and up to ${\cal O}(q^4)$, to account for the S and P waves, while D waves are added in an almost model-independent way using standard Born terms and vector mesons. We also show that higher partial waves do not play an important role.


With the purpose to clarify the relationship between sugar metabolism and inner ear function, the author investigated the effect of insulin on cochlearmicrophonics as well as the behavior of blood circulation and glycogen precipitation in the inner ear. Cochlear microphonics and action potentials were measured by means of vestibulotympanal recording in guinea-pigs and round window recording in cats, using pure tone and click sound. In order to know the condition of the blood flow in the inner ear, continuous registration of the veiocity of the blood and the pressure in the vertebral artery, internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein were obtained using Rein's The rmostromuhr. The venous blood sugar level was estimated by Somogyi's micro-colorimetric method.The intravenous injection of regular insulin caused the decrease of blood sugar level, hypotension and lowering of the body temperature. On the other hand, the blood flow in the vertebral artery increased promoting the circulation in the inner ear. The hypoglycemic condition induced by insulin injection did not depress the sensitivity of cochlear microphonics, as far as the heart was in normal function, even in the hypophysectomyzed guinea-pig. The recovery time of cochlear microphonics was not affected after the exposure to pure tone of 95 phon at 4000cps for 30 seconds, while a remarkable delay was shown after the transient cessation of breathing in the hypoglycemic animals. Determined by PAS reaction with salivary digestion, the precipitation of glycogen in the inner ear tissue was not modified by insulin injection, except in the hypophysectomyzed guinea-pig.In the condition of insulin hypoglycemia, the function of the inner ear was well preserved to be compensated by the increase of the blood flow in the vertebral artery. In the case of the lack of oxygen supply, however, the sugar metabolism was disturbed and the sugar reserved in the tissue was utilized. When the reserved sugar was used up, the function of the inner ear was disturbed by the hypoglycemia. The blood sugar was believed to be an indispensable factor in the maintenance of the inner ear function.


This text distills the core ideas of statistical mechanics to make room for new advances important to information theory, complexity, active matter, and dynamical systems. Chapters address random walks, equilibrium systems, entropy, free energies, quantum systems, calculation and computation, order parameters and topological defects, correlations and linear response theory, and abrupt and continuous phase transitions. Exercises explore the enormous range of phenomena where statistical mechanics provides essential insight — from card shuffling to how cells avoid errors when copying DNA, from the arrow of time to animal flocking behavior, from the onset of chaos to fingerprints. The text is aimed at graduates, undergraduates, and researchers in mathematics, computer science, engineering, biology, and the social sciences as well as to physicists, chemists, and astrophysicists. As such, it focuses on those issues common to all of these fields, background in quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and advanced physics should not be needed, although scientific sophistication and interest will be important.


Segmentation as the typical characterisitic of Chinese labor market structure in the transformation periods has been concerned by many scholars.However,in the domination of Neoclassic SLM theory,existing researches on Chinese SLM generally regarded segmentation as the result of exogenous market imperfections instead of giving a deep analysis from market endogenous perspective.Hence,this paper will use the methods of political economy to discuss how the production structure of global capitalism,as well as the different roles of national power and market power together shape the SLM structure of China.So as to breakthough external empirical reseanches and use deep production relations to interpret the formation of SLM.


a common Europe from Arkadia to Arbroath. The main difficulty is language. A multilingual lay-out with parallel reports on the same page on the same topic in the main three or four European languages does not seem like a realistic idea. If not, then which language should it be ? English ? It is certainly the most widely understood one on the continent. Yet it immediately cuts down the access of the majority of ordinary people, who may have rudimentary English but not enough to read about politics, and who therefore either lose interest in trying to understand a story, or don't even begin to try. Language is also a delicate political issue. Other Europeans, not only the French, are sensitive about English achieving predominance on the continent. In any event there are already English-speaking newspapers in the field with aspirations to ' European-ness.' The obvious one is


The sizing of a microgrid is an important process to ensure safe, efficient and economical operations. It must consider a variety of technologies and the whole life of the project. Hence degradation and reinvestment must be accounted for. However, the control algorithm also influences the sizing results, especially if the microgrid is grid-tied, which offers several revenue streams and presents additional constraints such as time-varying connection limits. All this leads to a sizing problem that is large and non-convex. This paper presents a flexible approach to approximate the solution of this problem. The latter is decomposed in three nested sub-problems: the control and simulation of a microgrid for a given configuration and initial state; the evaluation of a configuration and control policy on a sample of representative days; the optimization of the configuration. Case studies highlight the importance of accounting for the control policy and device evolution along their lifetime.


This paper briefly reviews the most recent ESP developments both home and abroad,and analyzes the existing problems in China' s ESP teaching in great detail.The problems mainly includes:unclear ESP positioning;inappropriate ESP curriculum;backward.teaching patterns;poor quality ESP textbooks;weak ESP teaching faculty;and loose ESP teaching organization.To tackle all these problems this author put forward 4 suggestions,namely to specify ESP positioning,quicken the steps for ESP books development,enhance ESP teachers training and set up online ESP information bank.


Traditional visual servo control based on location needs to convert two-dimensional information into three-dimensional space information, and the conversion process is subject to many interference factors, leading to large control errors. Aiming at the above problems, the visual servo positioning control of distribution line insulated wrapping robot and manipulator is studied. The position and pose of the manipulator are described and homogeneous transformed so as to calibrate the camera vision system of the manipulator. The image Jacobian matrix is established to realize the visual servo positioning control of the manipulator. Compared with the traditional control method, the experimental verification shows that the control method can reduce the pose error by at least 39.7%, and the control effect is more stable and the reliability is better.


This study investigated the effects of a menthol mouth rinse on performance and physiological responses in female cycling athletes during a 30-km individual time trial (ITT). Participants (n=9) cycled for 30-km in hot conditions (30 ± 0.6 °C, 70 ± 1% relative humidity, 12 ± 1 km/h windspeed) on two test occasions using a menthol (MEN) mouth rinse (MR) occurring every 5 km. Perceptual responses (perceived exertion and thermal perception) were recorded at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30-km. The MEN MR significantly improved ITT performance by 2.3 ± 2.7% relative to PLA (p= 0.034, d= 0.85, 95% CI= 8.43 to 166.9). There were no significant differences in perceived exertion and thermal perception. These results demonstrate that a nonthermal cooling agent can improve physiological performance in moderately trained female cyclists with no change in perceived exertion or thermal perception.


Constitutional Amendment - Grants the people of the United States the power to propose and enact laws, except with respect to carrying out the constitutional powers granted to the Congress. Prohibits the people of the United States from proposing amendments to the Constitution. Sets forth provisions relating to: (1) the signed petition containing the text of the proposed law; (2) presidential certification of the validity of the signatures on such petition; and (3) placing the petition on the ballot at the next general election held for choosing Members of the House of Representatives. Requires the proposed law to be enacted upon receiving a majority of the number of electoral votes. Establishes guidelines for determining the number of electoral votes for each State (including the District of Columbia). Provides that such enacted law shall be the same as any other Federal law, except that any law to repeal or amend such enacted law within two years after its effective date must receive an affirmative roll call vote of two-thirds of the Members of each House. Prohibits the people from enacting a law that the Constitution forbids the Congress to enact.


The current understanding of the structure of wages and more particularly inter-industry wage differentials in Belgium is very limited. Moreover, the results as to the influence of the bargaining regimes on inter-industry wage disparities and on wage levels in the countries of continental Europe are fragmentary. Therefore, in this paper we address both issues for the Belgian private sector using the 1995 Structure of Earnings Survey. It is a very rich employer-employee matched database which has never been used in the past. Our results emphasise the existence of inter-industry wage differentials between workers with identical observed individual characteristics and working conditions. They derive partly from the features of the employers in each sector (firm size and wage bargaining regime). Moreover, in an international perspective, they support the existence of a decreasing relation between the dispersion of the inter-industry wage differentials and the degree of corporatism of the OECD countries. Next, they emphasise the existence of a sectoral effect on the workers' wages in the Belgian private sector, irrespective of the bargaining regime considered. However, they do support the hypothesis that the bargaining regimes that coexist in Belgium have an impact upon the structure of wages. Indeed, we note that the dispersion of inter-interindustry wage differentials is lower where wages are the subject of collective (re)negotiation within the individual establishment. Moreover, all other things being equal, workers covered by a company collective agreement earn 5.1% more than their opposite numbers whose wages are not collectively (re)negotiated within the company.


Changes in wall compliance are seen in many bladder pathologies, such as fibrosis and diabetes. Some of these pathologies can be caused by basic secretagogues like Compound 48/80 and its endogenous analogue, Substance P. Traditionally it is believed that basic secretagogues rapidly degranulate mast cells and release inflammatory mediators by acting on an orphan receptor, Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptor B2 (Mrgprb2). While Compound 48/80 does increase wall compliance, the exact location and function of Mrgprb2 in the urinary bladder are still unknown. We hypothesize that changes in bladder wall compliance caused by Compound 48/80 are mediated through Mrgprb2 receptors but independent of mast cell degranulation.


Submarine canyons are considered potential hotspots of biodiversity and abundance, which makes them an important focus for scientific investigation and for policy-makers who seek to manage their resources. This study investigates the structure and dynamics of megafaunal communities in relation to inherent environmental parameters within submarine canyons; understanding the distribution and resilience of hotspot ecosystems is important in creating ecologically-sustainable resource-management plans. Data were collected from Nazare, Setubal, Lisbon and Cascais Canyons (Portuguese margin) and a channel and adjacent slope on the Pakistan margin, using passively-towed camera platforms and a remotely operated vehicle. Photographic data were analysed from a range of canyon habitats; abundance and distribution of megafauna were recorded and diversity indices calculated. Environmental variables were used to interpret patterns of species distribution, abundance and diversity. Community analyses were used to assess changes in community structure within and among canyons, and the adjacent slope. Portuguese margin: The canyons were ranked in order of decreasing activity: Nazare, Lisbon, Setubal and Cascais Canyons. Expected species richness conformed to Connell's intermediate disturbance hypothesis, reflecting the activity of the canyons. Megabenthic abundance did not exceed that reported in studies of nearby slope communities, suggesting that the canyons are not hotspots of megabenthic abundance. Suspension-feeders dominated all canyons though were most abundant in Nazare Canyon, which was linked to observed higher activity. All canyons showed a higher proportion of suspension-feeders than are reported in studies from nearby slope environments. There was high variability in habitat type within and between the canyons, which was reflected in the megabenthic assemblages. Pakistan margin: Observations of turbidity and current velocity indicated that the Pakistan margin channel is relatively inactive. Megafaunal abundance was significantly lower, and diversity higher, within the channel than on the adjacent slope. Suspension-feeders dominated all sites, though were significantly more numerous on the slope. The sites were located below the base of the OMZ core, and communities displayed OMZ edge-effects with a peak in abundance at ~ 1000 m WD, high dominance and a high rate of species turnover. Community analysis suggested that the communities were more heavily influenced by the proximity to the OMZ than by the channel, which indicated that either the influence of the OMZ masks any potential channel-induced patterns, or that the channel is too small to influence megafaunal communities.


In the raise of many global organizations deploying their data centers and content services in India, the prefix reachability performance study from global destinations garners our attention. The events such as failures and attacks occurring in the Internet topology have impact on Autonomous System (AS) paths announced in the control plane and reachability of prefixes from spatially distributed ASes. As a consequence the customer reachability to the services in terms of increased latency and outages for a short or long time are experienced. The challenge in control plane event detection is when the data plane traffic is able to reach the intended destinations correctly. However detection of such events are crucial for the operations of content and data center industries. By monitoring the spatially distributed routing table features like AS path length distributions, spatial prefix reachability distribution and covering to overlap route ratio, we can detect the control plane events. In our work, we study prefix AS paths from the publicly available route-view data and analyze the global reachability as well as reachability to Indian AS topology. To capture the spatial events in a single temporal pattern, we propose a counting based measure using prefixes announced by x % of spatial peers. Employing statistical characteristics change point detection and temporal aberration algorithm on the time series of the proposed measure, we identify the occurrence of long and stochastic control plane events. The impact and duration of the events are also quantified. We validate the mechanisms over the proposed measure using the SEA-Me-We4 cable cut event manifestations in the control plane of Indian AS topology. The cable cut events occurred on 6th June 2012 (long term event) and 17th April 2012 (stochastic event) are considered for validation.


The cardiac surgical unit advanced life support (CALS) course was developed to meet the need for a protocol in arrest and peri-arrest situations specific to cardiothoracic patients in the intensive care unit. Basic life support, advanced life support, and advanced trauma life support courses have enabled members of intensive care teams to adopt recognisable roles in a well rehearsed and ordered way, and the same can now be extended to help patients who undergo arrest after cardiac surgery. This course fills an important gap by addressing the unique circumstances of postoperative cardiac patients.

Any healthcare professional working in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit.

November 2010 as a core trainee year 1 in cardiothoracic surgery. This was just after the guidelines had been ratified by the European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the European Resuscitation Council.

In my second week on the cardiothoracic intensive care unit, I realised that I was out of my depth on one occasion, when a patient became …


An increase in manufacturing-related service activities being provided by internal departments of manufacturing enterprise has been observed. This trend appears to be strengthening in the context of the "Made in China 2025". The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent and in what field the domain of equipment manufacturing in Northeast China is transitioning into a major service-oriented field and what pattern is most suitable for future servitization. Northeast China, significant manufacturing industry area, is currently faced with problems such as fierce market competition, low product added value, and economic slowdown. The research analyses the progress of manufacturing transformation from manufacturing-oriented to service-oriented based on the input-output tables, whereby we can draw conclusions on how this field may further develop in future. Four servitization patterns were presented based on the data quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. The result and the suitable mode contribute to developing reasonable strategy of manufacturing servitization, whilst ensuring new service innovations match the current business model of enterprise and current situation of Northeast China.


Although Pseudo-Dionysius was, after Aristotle, the author whom Thomas Aquinas quoted most frequently, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the role of this Neoplatonist thinker in the formation of Aquinas' philosophy. Fran O'Rourke's book is the only available work that investigates the pervasive influence of Pseudo-Dionysius, yet the profound originality of Aquinas. Central themes discussed by O'Rourke include knowledge of the absolute, existence as the first and most universal perfection, the diffusion of creation, the hierarchy of creatures, and their return to God as final end. O'Rourke devotes special attention to the Neoplatonist element in Aquinas' notion of "being" as intensity or degree of perfection. He also considers the relation of being and goodness in light of Aquinas' nuanced reversal of Dionysius' theory of the primacy of the good; and Aquinas' arguments for the transcendental nature of goodness. The University of Notre Press is pleased to make this significant work available for the first time in paperback.


Die Synthese von (E)-1-Cyclododecen-3-in (E-2a) fuhrt zur Isolierung des ersten trans-Enins mit geometrischer Ringspannung. E-2a wandelt sich thermisch leicht in die Z-Konfiguration Z-2a um. Zur systematischen Untersuchung werden die 15-Ring-Enine E-5a und Z-5a hergestellt. Sie verhalten sich wie offenkettige 1,3-Enine.

Synthesis of cis- and trans-Enynes in the Class of 12- and 15-membered Ring Systems

Synthesis of (E)-1-cyclododecen-3-yne (E-2a) leads to the isolation of the first trans-enyne with geometrical ring strain. E-2a isomerizes thermally to give the Z-configuration Z-2a in a very smooth reaction. For systematical investigations the 15-membered ring enynes E-5a and Z-5a were generated. They behave like openchained 1,3-enynes.


The public utility of our city has so many traits,such as single investment, lacking competition, inefficient and bad service. In order to improve the efficiency of providing public goods, private capital must involve in providing public utility. This analyses the warranty and model of private, the development of public utility also depends on the regulate policy of our government.


Based on printing technology and the current situation of personnel training in printing specialty in higher vocational schools,Urumqi Vocational University has reformed the personnel training mode in printing specialty and carried out a "double-three" system: learning for three semesters in school for students and practicing for three semesters in factories or practice sites,which will better cultivate in students the printing skills.


The extreme high speed of change in the area of information technology creates a new demand for a process of continues learning and relearning in the workplaces but also among the public as a whole. There is need for a deeper crossdisciplinary and interdisciplinary understanding of the effects of this extreme demand for learning and relearning, both on us as individuals, on public and private organization and on the society as a whole. Information technology provides to some extent possible solutions to the problems it creates. Consequently, web based learning is also expanding with an accelerating speed. But this new form of learning is not to the same extent backed up by a fast growing research, in areas like on-the job-learning, workplace pedagogics, 'competence ergonomics', etc. But there are a number of very good exceptions like the Knowledge Media Institute of the Open University, and also a number of newly established facilities like the network university in the north of Sweden, the Mid Sweden University. In this special issue these types of problems are discussed, including those where the emphasis lies in creating rational and effective methods for web-based training and learning. The following was put forward in the invitation to a particular target group for this special issue.


A new band model for heterostructures passivated by in-situ grown Si3N4 and CATCVD grown Si3N4 is established through the self-consistent solution of Poisson equation and Schrdinger equation by regarding the interface of Si3N4/AlGaN as a new heterointerface.The electron densities in channel,band structures,and electron transport performance for the heterostructures passivated by in-situ grown Si3N4 and CATCVD grown Si3N4 are investigated using this new model,from which the published experimental results are explained.An optimized design for this passivated heterostructure is given upon this foundation,where the electron density in channel has reached 3.138×1013 cm-2,and the electron wave functions are confined in channel quantum well perfectly,from which high transport performance can be expected.By using this passivated heterostructure as outer channels beside the gate,a new problem to weaken the current collapse using two dimensional heterostructure is discussed.


We are in the process of developing a component-based Java framework, for distributed systems. In developing distributed systems, novice programmers typically will face much difficulty resulting from the overhead of learning complex distribution techniques. The final outcome of this project aims to provide a lightweight and transparent framework within which the novice programmer will be able to easily deploy a service. The porting of an image-based search engine will serve as an example of the framework's functionality.


Abstract Co-movement between house prices across different countries has important implications for global investors. I employ a new data set on international house prices to examine home value co-...


Background: Onychomycosis accounts for 30% of all superficial mycoses and 50% of all nail diseases. One of the most studied predisposing factors is diabetes mellitus, with a frequency of onychomycosis of 31.5% in these patients. Many show resistance to standard therapeutics and have "polypharmacy", which represents a risk for pharmacological interactions. Objective: The objective was to assess the clinical response to therapy, evaluate with histopathology, direct examination with KOH and white-calcofluor, and culture the most frequent etiologic agents associated with the development of onychomycosis in patients with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A non-randomized, uncontrolled, open-ended, prospective cohort study was conducted on 46 patients with onychomycosis and diabetes mellitus. Treatment was assigned according to clinical findings and specific indications for treatment. Results: From the samples taken for direct examination with KOH and calcofluor-white, culture, and histopathological study, positive results were: 39 (84.1%) patients to the direct examination, 32 (69.6%) to the culture, 27 (65.2%) with a positive histopathological study, and 17 (54.86%) to the calcofluor-white. On clinical evaluation, we found no treatment response in 8 patients (20%), a partial response in 14 patients (25%), and a complete response in 18 patients (45%). Out of the 46 patients evaluated initially, 25 persisted with onychomycosis after six months of follow-up. Conclusion: The prevalence of onychomycosis is increasing and requires correct diagnosis since there are other non-fungal diseases of the nails that resemble onychomycosis. Presumably, the immunosuppression of diabetes, its systemic affection, and the foot abnormalities of a diabetic patient cause more nail dystrophy, an increased fungal load, and treatment resistance.


Existing agri-environment schemes have suffered from poor uptake and high burden. This article leverages behavioral economics to test choice framing in three hypothetical policy scenarios. Using a randomized survey experiment on U.K. farmers, we find that changing policy framing based on mental accounting and loss aversion can significantly influence agricultural policy–related decision making. Our findings highlight the following considerations for the design of future policy: (1) whether application costs are integrated into or segregated from a subsidy is important, (2) the labeling of agricultural schemes may affect expenditure allocation, and (3) reference points can affect the evaluation of new scheme alternatives.


Parametric studies of structures with holes using the conventional finite element method (FEM) have difficulties with regard to remeshing. To avoid this problem, a couplingmatrix-free iterative s-version FEM can create separate meshes for the whole analysis domain and the vicinity of a hole. In this study, we proposed a parametric analysis system to analyze a die with a hole for the V-bending process, and we evaluated the results in terms of fracture mechanics. We considered both brittle fracture and fatigue fracture modes. We evaluated fatigue fracture by maximum principal stress and brittle fracture by stress intensity factors. In the present parametric analysis, we evaluated a V-bending die with a hole by simply moving the center coordinates of the local mesh. Thus, this system makes it possible to perform a parametric analysis automatically with a single command. As a result of the parametric analysis with various hole coordinates, we found coordinates that reduced both the maximum principal stress at the V-groove bottom and the stress intensity factors at the deepest part of a crack.


Vegetation in cities and suburbs are important in making built environments more livable, economically and ecologically more sustainable. Urban forestry benefits incl ude erosion control, flood control, fruits and some fuel wood supply. Urban forests play several roles such as relaxation, recreation, physical and psychological comfort for the public. Very importantly the type of trees planted varies with ecological zon es and cultural values. Urban forest development in Nigeria is presently been threatened due to rapid urban population growth, human activities, limited land area and poor implementation of government policies. This research work was carried out to evaluat e the spatial distribution of urban trees in Awka, Anambra state, Nigeria. Documented observations will aid in creating awareness of the importance of urban forest to the general public. A sustainable urban forest development and forest management techniqu es that accommodate human, social, political, cultural and economic factors remains imperative.


The present invention discloses a method for selecting a serving core network node, the method comprising: RNC receiving a direct transfer message sent by the UE, the RNC according to the load condition of the CN node in the pool prepared for the UE selects the CN node serving CN node; further, the RNC after receiving the direct transfer message sent by the UE, if the RNC can obtain efficient routing parameters corresponding to the route parameter is selected CN node as a serving CN node of the UE, if the RNC can not get a valid routing parameters, according to the CN node in the pool load status of each CN node is selected for the UE serving CN node, so that the RNC when UE select the service CN node, fully taking into account the load differences CN node pool each CN nodes, the distributed UE in the CN node pool each CN node and each node CN associated load, so that lower capacity and ability to bear the CN node and the UE relatively few operations, thereby reducing the probability of the CN node overload condition.


Current state of the art devices for detecting and manipulating Majorana fermions commonly consist of networks of Majorana wires and tunnel junctions. We study a key ingredient of these networks - a topological Josephson junction with charging energy - and pinpoint crucial features for device implementation. The phase dependent tunneling term contains both the usual 2pi-periodic Josephson term and a 4pi-periodic Majorana tunneling term representing the coupling between Majoranas on both sides of the junction. In non-topological junctions when the charging energy is small compared to the Josephson tunneling scale the low energy physics is described by 2pi phase slips. By contrast, in a topological junction, due to the 4pi periodicity of the tunneling term it is usually expected that only 4pi phase slips are possible while 2pi phase slips are suppressed. However, we find that if the ratio between the strengths of the Majorana assisted tunneling and the Josephson tunneling is small, as is likely to be the case for many setups, 2pi phase slips occur and may even dominate the low energy physics. In this limit one can view the 4pi phase slips as a pair of 2pi phase slips with arbitrarily large separation. We provide an effective descriptions of the system in terms of 2pi and 4pi phase slips valid for all values of the tunneling ratio. Comparing the spectrum of the effective models with numerical simulations we determine the cross-over between the 4pi phase slip regime to 2pi phase slip dominated regime. We also discuss the role of the charging energy as well as the implications of our results on the dissipative phase transitions expected in such a system.


The Seebeck and Hall coefficients, the electrical and thermal conductivities, and the figure of merit, Z, have been measured as a function of dopant concentration of n-type CuBr-doped Bi1.75Sb0.25Te3. A maximum room-temperature value of Z = 2.65 × 10−3 °K−1 was obtained for a 0.08 wt % CuBr dopant concentration. The lattice thermal conductivity calculated by using exact statistics and assuming acoustic lattice scattering had a value of 0.011 W cm−1 °K−1. It was confirmed that each CuBr molecule donated a single electron to the conduction band and that about 2 × 1019 cm−3 residual acceptors were present in the alloys. The electron concentration and effective mass were independent of temperature between 100 and 300 °K and the effective mass was independent of carrier concentration between 5 and 60 × 1018 electrons cm−3. The conductivity mobility had a value of 480 cm2 volt−1 sec−1 at 300 °K which was independent of carrier concentration, and a T−3/2 temperature dependence between 100 °K and 300 °K.


Implantable medical devices are mostly powered by battery that needs to be recharged or replaced frequently, resulting in the additional risk and economic burden on the patients. Harvesting the energy from the mechanical motion of biological organs using flexible electronics has attracted considerable research interest. The energy harvested from the heartbeat adequately provides sustainable power to these devices, whose energy consumption is approximately 10 $\mu~$W. Herein, we present a comprehensive review on the energy harvested from heartbeat through experiments and theoretical modeling, including the traditional strategies based on rigid solutions and most recent efforts on developing flexible piezoelectric devices. The research challenges and potential trends on this topic are also discussed.


Erythrosin b, a potent inhibitor of the Ca 2+ -ATPases and the Ca 2+ -release channel (BCCI) in mechanosensitive tissue of Bryonia dioica Jacq., effectively suppresses a tendril's reaction to touch, suggesting that Ca 2+ -transporters are involved in signal transduction in this organ. The Ca 2+ -ATPase located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) represents a multiregulated enzyme that is stimulated by calmodulin (CaM), KCI and lysophospholipids. Limited proteolysis of ER-membranes by trypsin results in an irreversible activation of the Ca 2+ -ATPase and loss of the CaM sensitivity, presumably through removal of an autoinhibitory domain where CaM binds. Mild trypsination mimics the effects of CaM on V max and the affinity for Ca 2+ and ATP. Irrespective of a trypsin treatment, the enzyme can be additionally stimulated by KCI and lysolipids, indicating that the sites of interaction for these effectors are not located in the domain removed by the protease. CaM-stimulated ATPase activity was purified from microsomal and ER fractions using a combination of CaM-affinity and anion-exchange chromatography. The isolated polypeptide was enzymatically active, showed a calcium-dependent mobility-shift in SDS-PAGE from 109 kDa in the absence of Ca 2+ to 104 kDa in the presence of 10 mM CaCl 2 and could be radiolabeled with [ 35 S]-CaM. The characteristics of the purified enzyme remained closely similar to those of the ER-bound Ca 2+ -transporting activity, including the enzymatic data, CaM stimulation, and the sensitivitv towards a range of inhibitors.


Magnetic and iron-57 M¨ossbauer spectral measurements between 4.2 and 640 K have been carried out on TbFe 11 Ti and TbFe 11 TiH. The insertion of hydrogen into TbFe 11 Ti to form TbFe 11 TiH increases its ordering temperature, magnetization, magnetic hyperfine fields, and isomer shifts as a result of lattice expansion. Further, the insertion of hydrogen reinforces the basal magnetic anisotropy of the terbium sublattice and, as is shown by ac susceptibility measurements and thermomagnetic analysis, the spin reorientation observed in TbFe 11 Ti at 338 K disappears in TbFe 11 TiH. The M¨ossbauer spectra have been analysed with a model that considers both the easy magnetization direction and the distribution of titanium atoms in the near-neighbour environment of the three crystallographically distinct iron sites. The assignment and the temperature dependencies of the hyperfine fields and isomer shifts are in complete agreement with a Wigner–Seitz cell analysis of the three iron sites in RFe 11 Ti and RFe 11 TiH, where R is a rare-earth element. A complete analysis of the quadrupole interactions in both magnetic phases and in the paramagnetic phase of TbFe 11 Ti supports the M¨ossbauer spectral analysis, and indicates that in the basal magnetic phase the iron magnetic moments are oriented along the equivalent [100] and [010] directions of the unit cell.


In aqueous solutions all electrolytes tend to associate at high temperatures (low dielectric constants). Ion association results in the formation of uncharged substrates, which are substantially more volatile than their precursor ions. Thus knowledge of the association constants is important in interpreting the thermodynamics of the partitioning of electrolytes to the vapor phase in a fully speciated approach. Electrical conductance measurements provide a unique window into ionic interactions of solutions at high temperatures and pressures. In this study, the electrical conductivities of dilute (<0.1 molal) aqueous solutions of NaCl (100-600{degrees}C to 300 MPa) and sodium and potassium hydroxides (0-600 and 100-600{degrees}C, respectively, and to 300 MPa) were measured. The results show that the extent of association of Na{sup +} and Cl{sup -} is similar to those for Na{sup +} and K{sup +} with OH{sup -} in solution from subcritical to supercritical conditions.


A field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2017 summer 2018 to evaluate relative efficacy of organic amendments on the incidence of major lepidopteran pests in rice. Five organic amendments viz., vermicompost, farmyard manure, poultry manure, neem cake and sheep manure along with chemical fertilizer (RDF) were evaluated. Among the organic amendments tested, neem cake recorded lowest percent leaf folder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee damage (5.96%) as against the untreated control. Addition of organic amendments like sheep manure and poultry manure recorded moderate leaf damage (9.85%). The present investigation indicated that increase in NPK doses increased the incidence of leaf folder (12.16%). The effect of organic amendments on yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Walker infestation was noticeable in test crop. The observation at 45 DAT revealed that maximum damage by the borer was noticed at NPK (12.41%) followed by FYM (12.24%) and vermicompost (10.34%). Results revealed that soil amendments decreased the infestation of leaf folder and yellow stem borer. Implication of the study in eco-friendly management of lepidopteran pests is discussed.


The auroral zone contains a variety of interesting and dynamic plasma processes which have been the subject of intense research over the past two decades. Of particular interest is the subject of high-latitude ionospheric structure (i.e., electron density irregularities) because of their impact on communications systems. The Naval Research Laboratory has recently developed a two-dimensional inertial, electrostatic code which has been successfully applied to the development and evolution of ionospheric structure driven by plasma instabilities (e.g., E×B gradient drift, Kelvin-Helmholtz). This code models the ionosphere and magnetosphere as a set of horizontal two-dimensional layers which are coupled by the vertical magnetic field lines at high latitudes. It is shown that the development of instability-generated structure can be strongly dependent on this coupling. For example, the influence of magnetospheric coupling (i.e., inertial effects) on the E×B gradient drift instability is to retard the instability's growth and to isotropize density irregularities. The influence of ionospheric coupling (i.e., collisional effects) on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is to retard its growth and to suppress vortex formation. In this paper we will present the results of numerical simulations of these instabilities and discuss their application to high-latitude ionospheric structure.


In order to build the subject of National Economy Mobilization, it is crucial to establish the research programme. Thpresent author holds that, while establishing the management research programme, we have to use the related achievements of foreigdecision theories and some fruits of the different schools of management that benefits to the field in China; and meanwhile we havto take a deep investigation of the domestic research National Economy Mobilization activities and manage to meet the needs National Economy Mobilization activities. At present, the first step for the establishment of the system is to concern the two aspectthe evaluation of potentiality and the supporting decision system, then to pave the path for piercing the research programme, anthen to achieve more achievements rapidly and finally to improve the related system of the subject.


Carbon-coated Cu [Cu(C)] nanocapsules were prepared by a DC arc discharge method in a methane (CH4) atmosphere, and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning differential thermal analysis (SDTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the as-made product consists of carbon-coated Cu nanocapsules and giant onion-like fullerenes (GOLFs) in the diameter range of 20–50 nm. The graphite outer shells effectively protect the Cu cores from environmental oxidation, and have a greater defect density in comparison with bulk graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Its relatively complex permittivity (εr = ε′+iε′′) is also measured at 2–18 GHz. The values of ε′ and ε′′ reach 14.5 and 4.1, respectively, exhibiting excellent electromagnetic wave loss ability.


With an increasing need for usable depth for autonomous navigation systems such as selfdriving cars, depth completion is becoming an increasingly studied subject. RGB data provide much-needed aid in providing good recreation of dense depth maps from sparse LiDAR output. Yet, these data are also provided in sequential form. And thus, for this thesis, we aim to explore how effective using network layers that exploit Spatio-temporal features would be in achieving higher depth completion accuracy. We propose adding 3D convolutional layers and ConvGRU layers to a preexisting depth completion network and perform ablation studies on the effectiveness of these methods. We were able to verify that naive approaches can garner improvements quantitatively and qualitatively, but training results show that additional geometric constraints would perhaps boost such exploits even further for better depth completion results.


The reconstruction number rn(G) of graph G is the minimum number of vertex-deleted subgraphs of G required in order to identify G up to isomporphism. Myrvold and Molina have shown that if G is disconnected and not all components are isomorphic then rn(G) = 3, whereas, if all components are isomorphic and have c vertices each, then rn(G) can be as large as c + 2. In this paper we propose and initiate the study of the gap between rn(G) = 3 and rn(G) = c + 2. Myrvold showed that if G consists of p copies of Kc, then rn(G) = c + 2. We show that, in fact, this is the only class of disconnected graphs with this value of rn(G). We also show that if rn(G) c + 1 (where c is still the number of vertices in any component), then, again, G can only be copies of K ≥ c. It then follows that there exist no disconnected graphs G with c vertices in each component and rn(G) = c + 1. This poses the problem of obtaining for a given c, the largest value of t = t(c) such that there exists a disconnected graph with all components of order c, isomorphic and not equal to Kc and is such that rn(G) = t.


Previous work on the pottsville Formation in the Cahaba syncl inorium has dealt mainly wi th general stratigraphy, stratigraphic placement of the various coal seams, and coal analysis (Squire, 1890; Butts, 1907, 1909, 1926, 1927, 1940; Culbertson, 1964). Recent work includes a master's thesis which studied the provenance of the pottsville Formation using petrologic data (Womack, 1983). This paper is a summary of a master's thesis (Osborne, 1988) which studied both the provenance and depositional environment of the straven Conglomerate Member.


Social security system which is a necessary means to retain social stability and economic development is an important sign of modern nations and society with civilization. Firstly, this paper analyses the relations among the sub indexes of development level for social security systems. Secondly, it sets up differential equations model to quantitatively analyze the relations among the sub indexes based on the hypotheses. Finally, it studies the solutions by the entropy method and estimates the parameters by the nonlinear least square method. Through the development of more than several hundreds years, since the adoption of the poor law by industrialized nations, the contemporary social security system has formed a relatively complete system and a major component of the socio-economic system of all countries.(1) But the premature social security system coverage and imbalance development levels are differential between different provinces. Establishing and strengthening the social security system that matches the economic development is a guarantee to the stability of a nation. There are two main methods to measure the development level: one is the absolute quantity method, the other is the relative level method.(2) The micro level absolute quantity method is the ratio of expenditure for social security to social wage, while the middle level absolute quantity method is the ratio of expenditure for social security to public finance expenditure; the macro level absolute quantity method is the ratio of expenditure for social security to GDP.(3-4) The vertical design procedure which based on time series analysis compares the evaluation indicator in only one region at different time. The horizontal design procedure which based on factorial analysis compares the evaluation indicator in different regions at the same time.(5) This paper which based on the modern theory of social security systems combined with related mathematical methods and control theory, set up a differential equations model to quantitatively analyze the relations among the evaluation indexes of development level for social security systems. This research is theoretical important for studying the sustainable development for social security systems.


A project is underway in the Moscow region to develop a highway maintenance program which combines modern technology and a market economy. This program will attempt to lay a foundation of effectively used technologies and finances in order to develop regional highway maintenance and repair. Currently, individiual roads are maintained by a variety of federal and regional government administrations. Responsibilities are divided among the entitites, so they are not competing against one another. In establishing a new management system, it is necessary to understand its three main tasks: economic expediency, full legislative conformity, and the "absence of inner contradictions" between federal and regional interests. The main objectives are to develop a management system geared to future needs, assess necessary changes, and analyze potential methods of restructuring and increased effectiveness. Major changes in technical management means, road maintenance technology, and the economic system are being reviewed. Maintenance and repair stratgies may be developed mutually by different organizations if they are able to unite. Goals include a significant increase in organizational performance, especially in common operative and strategic tasks. Four major themes of achieving this were analysed: Information support; norms and standards; coordinated planning; and technology and equipment. The system could employ any of the following in achieving these: separately developing federal and regional road management services; commonly establishing federal and regional road management services; or separately developing federal and regional management services with a current or newly established common infrasturcture.


This paper proposes a multi-path routing protocol Cross-layer Load Balance Routing Protocol(CLBRP).Through analyzing MAC packet transmittal,CLBRP can get the quality of links.In further,CLBRP makes reasonable packet dispatch and takes an instant action to face the congestion.Simulation of CLBRP on NS2 is made,and it indicates CLBRP has a good performance on load-balance,congestion avoidance,decreases client delay,and justice.


PGP electrophoretic polymorphism was studied in a sample of 548 blood donors from the province of Bologna, Italy. Haemolysates were typed by thin starch-gel electrophoresis, a modification of Barker and Hopkinson's method [1978]. The distribution of PGP phenotypes and gene frequencies in Italy varies considerably. The pattern observed in the Bologna sample agrees with the data from northern Italian regions and comparisons show that PGP*2 and PGP*3 gene frequencies tend to decrease along a north-south cline. Sardinia shows a peculiar distribution of gene frequencies where the PGP*2 allele is very low and the PGP*3 allele is absent. The world PGP gene frequencies appear to be distributed along a north-south cline.


Through the textbooks on Chinese language and literature in the 1920s-1930s,new literature in the textbooks and its influence can be known.Most of new literary works in the textbooks are rewritten so as to cultivate children in their sense of "national language" and "the national psychology of believing in new literature",further establishing the legal status of new literature.Besides,this helps to promote new literature and also cultivates children in their feeling of"literary feeling"and"literary view".


Various practical aspects of the equation-error approach to aircraft parameter estimation were examined. The analysis was based on simulated flight data from an F-16 nonlinear simulation, with realistic noise sequences added to the computed aircraft responses. This approach exposes issues related to the parameter estimation techniques and results, because the true parameter values are known for simulation data. The issues studied include differentiating noisy time series, maximum likelihood parameter estimation, biases in equation-error parameter estimates, accurate computation of estimated parameter error bounds, comparisons of equation-error parameter estimates with output-error parameter estimates, analyzing data from multiple maneuvers, data collinearity, and frequency-domain methods.


Calculation of object position in various reference frames with a robotic simulator Marcel Svec (email@example.com) and Igor Farkaˇs (email@example.com) Department of Applied Informatics, Comenius University 84248 Mlynsk´a dolina, Bratislava, Slovakia Abstract The brain encodes the space in various reference frames. The key role in spatial transformations is played by the posterior parietal cortex where neurons combine retinal location of vi- sual stimulus with gaze direction to encode spatial informa- tion. This nonlinear dependence of neuronal responses, gain modulation, is considered a fundamental computational prin- ciple used in the brain. The important insight can be obtained through computational models, typically artificial neural net- works. In this paper, we test the Zipser–Andersen model but use more realistic and variable stimuli, employing the sim- ulated iCub robot. The multi-layer perceptron was able to successfully perform coordinate transformation from eye- to body-centered reference frame, using gaze information. Model achieves high accuracy of 2 to 4 degrees on testing data, de- pending on the dataset variability. We provide visualisation techniques for analysing the network, and the effects of gain modulation and shifting receptive fields. Our results confirm previous findings that hidden neurons use various intermediate codings that mediate transformations. Keywords: reference frames; coordinate transformation; neural network; robotic simulator; gain field puts for training the model. In this paper, we take advan- tage of the simulated iCub robotic environment (Tikhanoff et al., 2008) that naturally provides embodied data of higher complexity for learning the task. The classical view, com- ing from geometry, applied commonly in robotics, assumes that coordinate transformations are computed explicitly and applied sequentially. On the contrary, in a novel view, being more consistent with neuroscientific data, coordinate trans- formations are computed implicitly and in parallel (Blohm & Crawford, 2009). Hence, we analyze the phenomenon of coordinate transformations in the context of the progressive cognitive robotics that offers a promising pathway to build- ing autonomous systems. We are not aware of this type of work with iCub. For coordinate transformation, we use the original Zipser–Andersen model described below, and show that the implicit transformation can be learned equally well despite using more complex data. We also introduce visual- ization techniques that reveal model behavior. Background Introduction Determining the object position in space is always related to some point at known location. This relationship is captured by the concept of reference frame in which we can define a concrete coordinate system (Batista, 2002). Humans are able to use both egocentric and allocentric reference frames, which can be combined to support behavior according to the task (Burgess, 2006). In general, reference frame may be an- chored to practically anything, to our head, hand, or any other object. Neuroscientists naturally adopted the concept of refer- ence frames to better understand how the space is represented in the brain. Cells in the visual system respond to the stimuli located only in particular location called the receptive field in cases where the response is considered to be strictly sensory. The receptive field (also called response field) can also refer to the set of patterns that evoke neuron's activation. Research on reference frames that has been progressing for the past 25 years suggests that reference frames do not always exist in an explicit form, but rather as some intermediate rep- resentations of space that are further processed for specific purposes, for instance to generate reaching commands. The process of converting sensory stimuli into the motor plans is referred to as sensorimotor transformation. These are of- ten formalised in terms of spatial transformations from eye- centred (retinotopic) or head-centered coordinates into hand- centered coordinates. Coordinate transformations are also a key component for learning the body schema (Hoffmann et al., 2011). In most cases, the authors use artificially generated inputs and out- Andersen and Mountcastle (1983) discovered that neurons in area 7a of posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of monkeys com- bine retinal location of visual stimulus with gaze direction to encode spatial information. The role of PPC as a sensorimo- tor interface for visually guided eye and arm movements has been also supported by later findings (Buneo & Andersen, 2006; Khan, Pisella, & Blohm, 2012). Cells in PPC appear to nonlinearly combine information from different modal- ities, while their sensitivity is modulated by one modality (e.g. gaze direction) without changing their selectivity to the other modality (visual stimuli). This phenomenon was coined as gain modulation and the changes in neuron's sensitivity as gain fields. The subsequent studies of gain modulation have revealed that it is an extremely widespread mechanism that appears to be a fundamental computational principle behind coordinate transformations (Salinas & Thier, 2000; Salinas & Sejnowski, 2001; Blohm & Crawford, 2009). The types of signals that could produce gain fields in- clude gaze direction, head position, eye vergence, target dis- tance, chromatic contrast or attention, all together leading to the suggestion that gain modulation is a general mechanism for multimodal integrations that underlie important cogni- tive functions like sensorimotor transformation, object recog- nition, motion processing or focusing attention (Salinas & Thier, 2000). The essential feature of gain fields is nonlin- earity. However, the biophysical basis that allows neurons to combine information from two sources such that their output is close to the product of two functions is still unclear. In the first computational model, Zipser and Andersen


Introduction: The history of water on Mars is uncertain, yet ample evidence indicates that an active hydrologic cycle once existed on Mars [1, 2]. Today liquid water is unstable at the Martian surface due to the low temperature and atmospheric density. However, evidence suggests that climatic conditions on Mars may have been different during the Noachian, after the intial period of heavy bombardment. Given the evidence for widespread volcanism and higher heat flow, the subsurface could have provided a major habitat for thermophilic life and warm mineralizing surface springs could have provided optimal conditions for fossil biosignature capture and preservation [3, 4]. Indeed, hydrothermal springs might have been habitable even if the Martian climate was less favorable overall than that found on the early Earth. We have been studying a subaerial terrestrial iron hot spring as an potential analog for hydrothermal systems on Mars. In this multidisciplinary study, we have characterized the aqueous geochemistry, mineralogy, and microbial biosignature production and preservation at Chocolate Pots hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Microbial biosignatures can link modern microbial ecosystems to the geological record, and with high fidelity preservation, this type of fossil evidence can be used to infer the paleobiological role of microbes and paleoenvironmental conditions. We are investigating biosignature capture and retention in modern ironmineralized microbial mats, to determine 1) the nature of fossil biosignature information that survives early degradation, (particulary oxidative processes) that prevails in the surface layers of photoautotrophic microbial mats and 2) the earliest stages of diagenesis in the iron oxide deposits that accumulate beneath mats and the impact on biosignature retention. Methods: The aqueous geochemistry, primary and diagenetically altered minerals, microfossils, biofabrics, and lipid biomarkers were characterized across a range of spatial scales using ion chromatography; inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy; X-ray and electron diffraction; light, epifluorescence, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopies; and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Results: Chocolate Pots hot springs in Yellowstone National Park is a group of actively accumulating iron deposits. The anoxic vents waters are 50 53oC with a pH of 5.6 5.8 and aqueous Fe(II) concentration of 4.7 5.9 mg/L. The primary precipitate in the vents and outflow channels is 2-line ferrihydrite with minor amounts of silica. The diagenetic phases goethite, hematite, and nontronite were identified in lithified cores removed from an outflow channel [5]. The iron deposits are colonized by four types of microbial mats containing cyanobacteria and filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs [6, 7]. TEM examination of the cyanobacterial cells revealed ironpermineralized carbonaceous microfossils that retained taxonomic features that allowed their identification to the genus level (Fig. 1). Powder X-ray diffraction of bulk samples and selected area electron diffraction of individual cells indicate that 2-line and possibly 6-line ferrihydrite encrust and permineralize the cells.


Access to innovative therapies is a critical component of health care but is increasingly threatened by rising prices, utilization restrictions, and investment in pipelines promising high returns regardless of clinical benefits. Several proposed solutions have been labeled "value-based pricing," but their effects on price, access, and innovation differ. We argue that the term should be restricted to arrangements that facilitate access to drugs priced according to their population-level impact, which would best promote Americans' health.


Abstract : Measured swept frequency complex scattering data are presented for six 1/72 scale models of aircraft and one model of a typical pencil or aerospace vehicle-type target with various vertical stabilizer and simple cavity attachments. The measured data span the model frequency bands 2.2 to 4.0 GHz and/or 4.0 to 7.6 GHz. The measured data are predominantly for vertical polarization (perpendicular to a horizontal plane containing the wings and fuselage of the aircraft) at selected sparse aspects. The measurement system, which utilizes somewhat unique background subtraction techniques, has a bistatic angle of either 30 degrees (most targets) or eight degrees (a few pencil-type target orientations). Synthetic pulse response waveforms (only pulse envelopes are shown) are generated from the measured spectral data. Features of both the spectral and temporal responses are used to extrapolate the potential of substructure target features such as tail stabilizers and cavities in prediction-correlation type identification schemes. (Author)


Objective To investigate the antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhizic acid against Porphyromonas gingivalis(P.gingivals,ATCC 33277) in vitro.Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC) of Glycyrrhizic acid against P.gingivals were detected using double dilution protocol.The effect of Glycyrrhizic acid on growth of P.gingivals was investigated by detecting the absorbance of bacteria suspension at definite time intervals(0,4,8,12,24,48 h) during cultured.Results The MIC and MBC determined were 1.57 g·L-1 and 12.5 g·L-1 respectively.Glycyrrhizic acid inhibitted multiplication of bacteria significantly and the effects became stronger with concentration increasing.Conclusion Glycyrrhizic acid can inhibite the growth of P.gingivals in vitro effectively,and inhibiting Glycyrrhizic acid may have good prospect in prevention and cure of periodontal dis


We assessed the role of audiovisual integration in selective attention by testing selective attention to sound. Participants were asked to focus on one audio speech stream out of two audio streams presented simultaneously at different pitch. We measured recall of words from the cued or the uncued sentence using a 2AFC at the end of each trial. A video-clip of the mouth of a speaker was presented in the middle of the display, matching one of the two simultaneous auditory streams (50% of the time it matched the cued sentence and the rest the uncued one). In Experiment 1 the cue was 75% valid. Recall in the valid trials was better than in the invalid ones. The critical result was, however, that only in the valid condition we did find differences between audio–visual matching and audio-visually mismatching sentences. On the invalid condition these differences were not found. In Experiment 2 the cue to the relevant sentence was 100% valid, and we included a control condition where the lips didn't match either of the sentences. When the lips matched the cued sentence performance was better than when they matched the uncued sentence or none of them, suggesting a benefit of audiovisual matching rather than a cost of mismatch. Our results indicate that attention to acoustic frequency (pitch) plays an important role in what sounds benefit from multisensory integration.


First a more fundamental introduction is written explaining the expected relation between travel speed and air pollution based on the main research. A number of measures on travel speed which, all, have been taken in the Netherlands recently are described. The third part of the paper discusses the question of how the effects of measures on travel speeds can be assessed with help of transport models. A short overview of static models, semi dynamic models and dynamic simulation models and their use concerning this matter will be discussed. In the fourth and final part of the paper the impacts of speed measures will be discussed. For the covering abstract see ITRD E137145.


Bacteriolysis against Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PGN) cell wall by Ag+ ions is due to inhibition of PGN elongation caused by regulation of PGN synthetic transglycosylase and transpeptidase (TP), and enhancement of the activation of PGN autolysins of amidases. The other bacteriolysis and destruction against Escherichia coli cell wall by Ag+ ions are caused by the destruction of outer membrane structure due to degradative enzymes of lipoproteins (LP) at Nand C-terminals and by the inhibition of PGN elongation due to inactivation of PGN TP synthetic enzyme endopeptidase and enhancement of the activations of PGN hydrolases and autolysins of amidase, peptidase, and carboxypeptidase. Ag+ ions-mediated hydrolyzing and degrading activity for antivirus functions by glycosyl hydrolase, viral neuraminidase (NA)/hemagglutinin, cell surface receptor, and the viral degradation lead to virus destructions. Ag+ ions-mediated hydrolyzing activity for anticancer occurs by AgNPs of small size, autophage, and acid hydrolase amidases, and these results lead to the cause of tumor cell growth regulation or cancerous cell death. Silver ions induced ROS generations to occur such as O2 -, H2O2,• OH, and OH producing in the bacterial cell wall, host-virus, and cancerous cell, and lead to oxidative stress, and DNA damages. DNA damages may be due to linear coordinated Ag+ ion complex formations by Ag+ substitution within double and triple hydrogen bonds in DNA base pairs.


The coupling aid for a three point hitch includes a first coupling element (12) on the tractor which can be coupled to a second coupling element (13) associated with the shaft. A rail (14) has a connector (15) at each end to connect with the lower rods (3,4) of the tractor (1) whilst guide means (17) serving to align the shaft enable relative movement of same in the longitudinal direction Path restricting means (20) can be attached to the shaft to define its relative path in the longitudinal direction.


Electrocatalysis synthesis of p-aminophenol(PAP) from nitrobenzene using hydrogen-storage alloy electrode as the catalytic reducer was studied in sulphuric acid system.The effects of technical conditions such as kinds of organic solvent,reaction temperature and sulphuric acid concentration on the yield of PAP and current efficiency were discussed.The PAP content in catholyte was determined directly by spectrophotometry.The results show that hydrogen-storage alloy electrode can electrolyze and reduce nitrobenzene to prepare PAP.And the optimal electrolysis conditions are as follows: Isopropanol is employed as the organic solvent,electrolysis time 4 h,reaction temperature 80 ℃,current density 200 mA/cm2,and sulphuric acid concentration 20%(volume fraction).Under the optimal conditions the PAP yield is 58.6% and the current efficiency is up to 78.5%.


The unique properties of microemulsions, such as stability, ease of preparation and their ability to form spontaneously have attracted considerable interest in numerous applications including, synthesis of polymers, delivery of active compounds, solubilisation of enzymes in organic solvents and biocatalysis. Developments of microemulsion based formulations require routine analytical techniques that allow users to analyse their microstructure and particle size, transitions between different phases and phase diagrams, the state of solutes encapsulated in microemulsion droplets and their activity (e.g. enzymes), and to monitor chemical reactions curried in microemulsions.


Objective To understands the condition and the tdndency of tendency of the cardiovascular system drugs in our hospital.MethodsClassifies according to the cardiovascular medicine,Count the medicine amount and the proportion by the medicine general statistics.With the method of defines the baily dosage calculates the DDDs value,namely the medicine frequency.ResultsThe anti-hypertension medicine accounts for the amount in the medicine was highest,The chinese medicine was the 60%in the cardiovascular system agents.calcium channel blockers's DDDs was biggest.ConclusionThe chinese medicine and chemistry medicine were important of the cardiovascular system in our hospital.The moderate price of the chinese medicine will receive favours.The persistent effect medicine preparation will be the choice key point.


Measurement of the atmospheric muon neutrino spectrum is important since it is a test on the expected con- ventional atmospheric neutrino fluxes as well as on the prompt contribution from charm decay. In addition to that, it forms the irreducible background for high energy cosmic neutrinos searches. A number of methods have been developed within the ANTARES collaboration for the estimation of the energy of muon tracks traversing the detector. These include a maximum likelihood method, an approach based on neural networks as well as an estimator based on the energy loss of the muon along its track. The reconstructed muon energy can be used to calculate the energy spectrum of the atmospheric neutrinos by using a singular value decomposition approach on regularized unfolding. The most recent results on the energy reconstruction and spectrum deconvolution will be presented.


Objectives: This statement of opinion relates to an invited debate on the role of peer workers in psychiatric services during the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists conference 2016. The views presented in this statement of opinion are those of the team for the affirmative. Conclusions: Peer workers are increasingly being employed within mental health services. Early adopters of this new workforce note advantages in terms of engagement of peers but also a bidirectional sharing of knowledge between clinicians and peer workers that has been mutually beneficial. Greater research and evaluation needs to occur to understand how best to incorporate peer workers into mental health care.


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to questions of culture in the past, or that culture is of growing significance in the processes of change currently affecting the local government sector, or both. Furthermore, in the work of those analysts and academics whose implicit or explicit aim is actively to influence policy change, it has often been argued that cultural change (of particular kinds) is desirable and 'ought' to occur. One report on the cultural impact of privatisation stated that 'together with the change in ownership, there must be a change in the culture of the workforce' (United Research, 1990, p32), while the annual report of a major local authority spoke of 'virtually a change in culture for local government' (Milton Keynes Borough Council, 1989, p 18). According to two local government practitioners part of the response to recent legislation in their authority is a 'change of managerial culture' (Geeson and Haward, 1990, pl). In the academic literature a similar emphasis is present:


The next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have enabled biologists to generate large DNA sequences in a high-throughput and low-cost way. Assembly of NGS reads still face great challenges due to the short reads and enormous high volume. In this paper, we presented a new assembler, called GAMR, which is based on bi-directed de Bruijn graph and implemented using MapReduce framework. We designed distributed algorithm for each step in GAMR, making it scalable in assembling large-scale genomes. We evaluated GAMR using GAGE's data and compared it against other NGS assemblers. The results showed GAMR assembled contigs and scaffolds with better accuracy and longer N50 values.


In Uruguay, during the colonial period which lasted until the early 19th century, people suffering from mental illness in Uruguay were treated the same as the world over: they wandered the streets, begging for alms, and were sent to prison if they committed antisocial acts. Among the first patients in the Charity Hospital founded in Montevideo in 1788 was a person suffering from mental illness, but it was not until 1817 that separate facilities were made available for the mentally ill, cared for as a result of the humanitarian ethic associated with the Spanish religious tradition. After independence from Spain and Portugal, achieved between 1813 and 1825, the newborn nation was riven by civil war in 1843 (Guerra Grande or Great War). Although medical care became progressively more organized during this period, conditions were unfavourable for the care of the mentally ill, and technical knowledge in psychiatry did not develop until the conflict had ended, when there was a flood of physicians reaching the R io de la Plata on ships of the French and English fleets. As in most countries, the practice of psychiatry was initially linked to the analysis of medico-legal cases (Casarotti, 2007, p.2). To provide psychiatric care for the country's quarter of a million people, the first 'insane asylum' was created in 1860, followed in 1880, after the population had doubled, by the inauguration of the National Mental Hospital, renamed the Vilardeb o Hospital in 1910. In both, medical care was initially provided by medical practitioners and homeopaths, and was progressively taken over by specialists in the study of mental alienation, influenced by the French school of medical thought, which dominated the entire field of medicine. The Mental Hospital was built during the 1875–1886 military dictatorship that followed the decline of the previous predominantly rural, tradebased Uruguay, heavily dependent on the leadership of chiefs. The building was developed as part of the country's first modernization project. At that point in Uruguay's history the state governing systems were organized, agriculture and livestock farming was restructured, and transportation was improved, enabling the integration of inland Uruguay with the port city of Montevideo. Safe conditions were established, production was modernized, and in particular reform was carried out of primary education (1875) and of the university, the Universidad Mayor (1885), aimed at a more utilitarian education. In 1876 the School of Medicine (Facultad de Medicina) was created. Uruguay's modernization process was completed over the final decade of the 19th century and the first 30 years of the 20th, with social, economic and political reforms that transformed it into a balanced, confident, optimistic and progressive society, known as 'the Switzerland of South America.' The university's Chair of Psychiatry was created in 1908 and the Psychiatry Society in 1923. They were both composed of small groups of specialists carrying out teaching and research at the Vilardeb o Hospital, and they were the crucial factor in the development of psychiatry in Uruguay. Over this period, the professors appointed to the Chair of Psychiatry were trained in full or in part at major European clinics and shared the French vitalist approach to psychiatric thinking. The activities of the Psychiatry Society were recorded in its journal, published continuously since 1929 and included works by foreign as well as national researchers. To meet mental pathology treatment needs, psychiatric assistance was initially focused on the hospitalization of acutely affected patients and progressively addressed the prevalence of chronic pathology. Treatment institutions in the form of 'agricultural colonies' were created in 1912 as an initial approach to therapeutic communities, along with sheltered homes


The thermoneutral zone (TNZ) reflects the range of ambient temperatures where no regulatory changes in metabolic heat production or evaporative heat loss occur. Indications exist that the ambient temperature range wherein a subject is feeling thermal comfortable, i.e. the thermal comfort zone (TCZ), is larger compared to the TNZ. From both the building energy-use and a health perspective this could be highly beneficial. The objective of this study is to explore the TNZ and TCZ of individual subjects, in relation to a given range of ambient temperatures. Within this study a method is developed to measure the TNZ. Subjects are exposed to two different protocols, during both protocols a drift of ±10K/h in ambient temperature is studied. According to the preliminary results it is possible to determine the TNZ of the subjects. Furthermore, a relation between TNZ, TCZ and the temperature preference of subjects can be observed. This approach links individual thermo-physiological properties to thermal comfort and thermal behaviour and will reveal important information for the energy use of buildings regarding user behaviour and user profiles.


Objective To evaluate the role of ultrasonic integral backscatter(IBS)in the pathologic typing and severity assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods Sixty-five patients suffered from NAFLD were divided into non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL)group and non-alcoholic hepatitis(NASH)group.In each group,patients were divided into mild,moderate and severe subgroups according to the pathology.Results In both NAFL and NASH group,the nearby IBS parameters of liver was significantly higher than the remote ones(P0.01);and the ratios between the nearby and remote parameters in NAFL group were higher than those in NASH group.In NAFL group,the IBS parameters were related to the severity of liver steatosis.In NASH group,there was significant difference between nearby and remote IBS parameters of liver in patient with mild NASH,and their ratios were significantly higher than those in moderate or severe group(P0.05).Conclusion The IBS is potentially useful in the pathologic typing and severity assessment for NAFLD.


Due to excellent photoelectrical properties, ITO thin films become the indispensable flat transparent electrode for their practical applications in the flat-panel displays, touch screens, solar cells and electrochromic devices. Therefore, it's very necessary to study photoelectrical properties of ITO films. In this paper, ITO thin films were prepared on the glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering technology, and measured the transmittance of ITO thin films in the visible region using the spectrophotometer; the resistivities were measured with the four-probe instrument. The effects of sputtering pressure, oxygen-argon flow ratio and sputtering power was researched on photoelectrical performance of ITO thin films. The results show that, the optimum parameters of ITO films prepared are: sputtering pressure 0.6Pa, oxygen-argon flow ratio 1:40, sputtering power 108W. The average transmittance in the visible area is 81.18%, resistivity is 8.9197 × 10-3Ω.cm.


Objective To explore the effect of the fitness dance exercises on the quality of life(QOL) for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM).Methods 116 cases diagnosed with T2DM patients according to the 2010 ADA diagnostic criteria were divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group was implemented fitness dance exercise form of exercise prescription,and the control group was free choice of movement.The exercise test was last for 24 weeks.The biochemical indexes and physical fitness indicators were observed before and after test.And the QOL changes in the two groups were compared using the revised diabetics QOL Scale(A-DQOL).Results After exercises test,the glucose metabolism indicators and physical fitness indicators of the experimental group were significant better than that of the control group(P0.05).There were significant differences between before and after exercises test in both two groups(P 0.05),and the QOL improvement situation of experimental group was significantly better than that of control group(P 0.05).Conclusion Moderate or low intensity fitness dance exercises can effectively improve the level of glucose metabolism and physical fitness of elderly patients with T2DM,and it has positive significance for improving the quality of life of patients with T2DM.


Model-based control is currently the mainstream method for telerobot teleoperation.However,the method inevitably brings about accumulative motion errors or even unstable motion of a telerobot.To solve this problem,this paper designs a type of single degree-of-freedom(DOF) rotating joints based on active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) method for master-slave telerobot operation.Computer simulation of its performance shows that ADRC has stable performance,good disturbance-rejection capability and robustness.In particular,ADRC does not rely entirely on the mathematical model of a telerobot.Therefore,the result of research is an augmentation to the currently used model-based approach.