Emotional health problems in the workplace often hinder the integration and retention of autistic employees (AE), a challenge identified in many sectors. Recent literature highlights the consequences of these problems, such as burnout leading to reduced productivity and resignation. Previous research supports the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) for training a variety of specific skills (e.g. riding a bus or plane travel), as well as more complex social skills, such as emotion recognition and functional communication. In addition, existing studies on using physiological self-monitoring in AE training offer a promising approach to promoting improved emotional health. The present paper reports on implementing a VR system that simulates workplace training and integration and enables real-time monitoring of three physiological signals, in five post-secondary autistic students. Using an Oculus Quest 2 and non-clinical grade sensors, the researchers delivered the VR intervention over three days to each participant. At the end of these interventions, the researchers measured the perceived satisfaction of these integrated systems, based on several technological criteria, on a 5-point scale. The integrated system received an overall rating of 4, suggesting its likelihood of acceptance and use. A preliminary analysis of a participant's physiological responses to this VR intervention is also presented. This preliminary report suggests the efficacy of a VR workplace simulation and physiological self-monitoring in promoting emotional well-being and basic task training for post-secondary AE. The researchers' observations and the proposal of a theoretical framework to enhance real-time emotional communication based on physiological markers for AE are also discussed.


Both as a family and a cultural institution, the Italian Angevins are intimately connected to the history of Naples. Seminal publications encompassing artistic, architectural, and cultural history have demonstrated the ways in which the dynasty developed the city as a stage for royal patronage and, in turn, positioned itself as the ultimate emblem of Neapolitanism.1 While upholding the city's central role in the development and promotion of Angevin interests, recent studies have turned to the ways in which the Angevin dynasty looked beyond Naples in pursuit of its ambitions and cultural interests abroad, and to the role of the city itself, as an international port, in facilitating intercultural encounters and transfers.2 Under the title, The Italian Angevins: Naples and Beyond, 1266–1343, this special issue of Italian Studies contributes to the growing understanding of the international importance of the Italian Angevins and demonstrates the interdisciplinary approaches adopted by today's Angevin scholars, by publishing a range of articles focusing on the dynasty's engagements in cultural and political networks both inside and outside the Regno. The contributions are the result of a one-day conference held at University College London in 2013.3 Coinciding with that year's Boccaccio Septcentenary celebrations, and immediately preceding the first of two conferences organized by the AHRC-funded Medieval Francophone Literary Culture Outside France research project, the conference brought together an international group of scholars to consider the Angevins' cultural legacy from a variety of source types and methodologies, with the dynasty's international significance firmly in mind.4 For beyond their distinctly Neapolitan identity – and indeed, beyond their significant presence within many regions of the Italian peninsula – the Angevins also established themselves as


The issues of surplus torque in the hardware-in-loop loading simulation are studied.The mathematical model of electro-hydraulic loading simulator(EHLS) is built up.The concepts of surplus torque disturbance coefficients are put forward for the quantitative analysis of the composition of surplus torque,and definition method for the disturbance coefficients is given.Mechanism of suppression of the surplus torque by traditional velocity synchronization scheme and its drawback are analyzed.An improved scheme based on the traditional velocity synchronization scheme is proposed which uses the velocity error between the rudder and loading system to conduct secondary compensation for surplus torque.Effectiveness of the proposed scheme is proved by experimental results.EHLS with the proposed scheme has an ideal effect on dynamic loading,and the ability to suppress surplus torque is improved by more than 25% compared with the traditional velocity synchronization scheme.


This paper identifies dynamically-distinct precrash scenarios as a basis for estimating the safety benefits of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) rear-end collision avoidance systems (CASs). These precrash scenarios constitute a set of hazardous driving situations that occur immediately prior to a rear-end crash. This effort lays the foundation for improved estimates of the safety benefits of rear-end CASs which were produced in a previous study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States Department of Transportation. This paper identifies ten precrash scenarios from over sixty thousand rear-end crash cases drawn from NHTSA's 1992-1996 General Estimates System (GES) data bases. These scenarios accounted for an average of about 94.1 percent of all police-reported rear-end crashes. In addition, this paper provides a statistical description of these scenarios in terms of maximum injury severity, roadway surface condition, posted speed limit, and light and atmospheric conditions using the 1996 GES data base. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102946.


In order to research the difference between stator and rotor side variable frequency speed regulation of winding type asynchronous motor,the paper carries out the variable frequency speed-governing experiment both in the stator and rotor side though theoretical analysis,simulation research and experiment.It gets the numerical relationship between load torque and speed through regulating the load,draws the mechanical characteristic curve lateral side of the stator to research the different between the stator and the rotor side of the winding machine while regulating speed by changing frequency.The conclusion is consistent with the theoretical analysis simulation results,and the winding motor's speed can be adjusted in the side of the rotor and run smoothly.The rotor side mechanical properties is softer than the stator side when the motor is in the stable operation.


Kwon traces the development of site-specific art from the 1960s to the 1990s, examining site-specificity as a locus of the dynamic relationship between place and identity in late capitalism. The author distinguishes the more recent work from the earlier by highlighting how it points to the exhaustion of the rhetoric of political progressivism inherent in the practice. Characterising community as an inoperative spectre, Kwon calls for new models of belonging. Index. Circa 300 bibl. ref.


Bifidobacteria comprise a dominant microbial population group in the human intestinal tract with purported beneficial health effects on the host. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanisms for the initial interaction of probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis strain BB12 with native and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines. We showed that B. lactis‐monoassociated Fisher F344 rats transiently induce phosphorylation/activation of the NF‐κB transcriptionally active subunit RelA and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 in native IEC at day 5 after initial bacterial colonization. In addition, Interleukin 6 (IL‐6) gene expression was significantly increased at day 5, demonstrating the physiological relevance of transient transcription factor activation in IEC. In contrast, Bacteroides vulgatus‐monoassociated Fisher rats revealed RelA but not p38 MAPK phosphorylation and failed to trigger significant IL‐6 gene expression in native IEC. Moreover, we demonstrated that B. lactis triggers NF‐κB RelA and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in IEC lines. Adenoviral delivery of mutant IKK‐β (Ad5dnIKKβ) and inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway through the pharmacological inhibitor SB203580 significantly blocked B. lactis‐induced IL‐6 gene expression in IEC, suggesting that B. lactis triggers NF‐κB and MAPK signaling to induce gene expression in the intestinal epithelium. Regarding the mechanisms of bacteria epithelial cell cross‐talk, B. lactis‐induced IL‐6 gene expression was completely inhibited in TLR2 deficient mouse embryogenic fibroblasts (MEF TLR2−/−) as well as TLR2ΔTIR transfected Mode‐K cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that probiotic bacteria transiently trigger innate signal transduction and pro‐inflammatory gene expression in the intestinal epithelium at early stages of bacterial colonization.


Using the coherent dynamics of a three-level system together with nonlinear and dispersive effects we show, through parametric amplification, the generation of two fundamental SIT-NLS solitons at the Stokes frequency originated from a high order soliton at the pump transition.


We study the gamma-ray output of dark matter cascade processes, which can present distinctive features which are given by the details of the specific dark matter model. These spectral features are confined to an energy regime dictated by the kinematics of the process, the shape of which varies depending on the particle type involved the cascade process.We investigate the power of dark matter indirect searches for these features and set strong upper limits on the dark matter annihilation cross section.


Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) has gained increased attention in antibiotic detection. Driven by global sustainability and environmentalism goals, green and sustainable detection strategies are in high demand. Inspired by the characteristics...


The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of progesterone (P4) in modulation of expression profile of adhesion related molecules in uterine epithelial cells (UECs) and in vitro blastocysts production in buffalo. UECs were isolated from slaughterhouse derived uteri by enzymatic treatment and cells were characterized by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and PCR assays. The well characterized UECs were exposed to different concentrations of P4 (0, 0.314. 3.14 and 6.28 ng/ml) along with the basal level of estradiol for 6 days. Thereafter, the relative mRNA expression of different biomolecules; mucin 1(MUC1), osteopontin, integrin alpha (α3, α6 and αV) and beta (β1 and β3) subunits, progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor was evaluated. Further, day 2 post insemination embryos were cultured in mSOF supplemented with or without P4. UECs were found positive for cytokeratin expression and negative for vimentin expression. Progesterone treatment significantly enhanced mRNA expression of most of the transcripts compared to the control group and correspondingly the immunofluorescence depicted higher protein expression of all these molecules. Further, long term exposure of UECs to P4 down regulated the expression of PR and concomitantly MUC1. Progesterone supplementation to embryo culture medium significantly (P<0.05) improved the blastocysts rate. The study demonstrates the role of P4 hormone in modulation of expression of early implantation related biomolecules in uterine epithelial cells; hence adequate level of steroids is crucial for normal embryo development and its implantation.


With a remarkable growth and expansion of Internet, the security issues emerged from intrusions and attacks such as computer viruses, denial of services and hackings to destroy information have been considered as serious threats for Internet and the private networks. To protect networks from those attacks, many vendors have developed various security systems such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and access control systems. However, managing those systems individually requires too much work and high cost. Thus, in order to manage integrated security management and establish consistent security management for various security products, the policy model of PN-ISMS (Policy Based Integrated Security Management System) has become very important. In this paper, present the hierarchical policy model which explore the refinement of high-level/conceptual policies into a number of more specific policies to form a policy hierarchy. A formal method of policy description was used as the basis of the mode in order to achieve precision and generality. Z-Notation was chosen for this propose. The Z-Notation is mathematical notation for expressing and communicating the specifications of computer programs. Z uses conventional notations of logic and set theory organized into expressions called schemas.


By using the petrography and rapid mortar-bar method,the tests of raw materials for highperformance concrete were conducted for the problem of concrete-alkali aggregate reaction of concrete engineering. The results show that the aggregate contains alkali-silicon reactive compositions. Through the test of mortar bar by mixing fly ash instead of cement with different proportions,the conclusion is that the expansion rate is related with the content of fly ash and the age. The more fly ash content( ≤30%) is,the shorter the age is,the less the bar expansion rate is. Based on the mathematical statistics approach,the influence of fly ash and the age on alkali-aggregate reaction was analyzed. It also shows that fly ash and the age have a significant effect on concrete alkali-aggregate reaction. Therefore,adding appropriate amount of fly ash can restrains effectively alkali aggregate reaction in the concrete construction.


The numerical value analysis for heat transfer activity of reinforced bar penetrating through cooling water is conducted with finite difference method,the mathematical model built for the change pattern of temperature field of reinforced bar under controlled cooling,its convection heat-transfer coefficient under cooling by penetrating through water is inversely calculated out,the temperature change curve in cooling process got.And the simulating result is proved in accordance with the actual site situation.


Although the dominance of in-house development, contracting and outsourcing, crowdsourcing has been accepted as an alternative software development approach in recent years. It is a form of collective intelligence to work on software engineering tasks, from requirement extraction to testing. In the most common crowdsourcing model, a client (a firm or some type of institution) first broadcasts the task/project, which is intended to be developed, via a crowdsourcing platform. Each task/project has a prize and a deadline. Then, members of the platform community/crowd/individuals select the tasks that they want to submit solutions, either individually or in a collaborative manner. The submitted solutions are evaluated by the crowdsourcing platform and the most successful one is remunerated by the initiating organization. The prize of each task may be determined in terms of the expected duration of the task, its complexity, its quality, the required effort to complete, and the online reputation of the client. TopCoder awarding mechanism, performance-based, game theory-based, deadline driven or revenue sharing models are several approaches for determining task prizes in crowdsourced software development (CSD). In this paper, Putnam model, a well-known software effort estimation model, is proposed to be applicable as a prize determination approach in crowdsourcing. The demonstrative examples are chosen from TopCoder projects, and Function Point Analysis is used to calculate expected effort of the projects.


Despite the fact that the election of Vicente Fox to the presidency of Mexico in 2000 saw the arrival of the most socially conservative administration in contemporary Mexican politics, his government launched the country's first nationwide antihomophobia campaign in early 2005. This article attempts to solve this seeming policy puzzle by presenting empirical research evidence that suggests that the formulation and implementation of this policy was largely a result of the ability of several advocates of sexual minority rights to pursue this policy initiative from within government. Because Fox's election also saw a significant opening of the policy process, several "policy entrepreneurs" gained access to the policy-making process. However, given the controversial nature of the policy they pursued, policy entrepreneurs relied on the deployment of two policy frames to implement their policy in the face of fierce opposition: a scientific frame and a legal frame. The research presented here reveals that the successful launch of the campaign was the result of the strategic use of these two frames by an alliance of policy entrepreneurs working from within the state across federal bureaucratic agencies. Given the advantage the two frames afforded their case when confronting arguments based on morality, they ultimately managed to overcome fierce opposition from state and nonstate actors to implement their policy.


The three-component condensation reaction of indoles with carbonyl compounds to yield bis(indolyl)methanes has been accomplished with a catalytic amount of iodine (2 mol%) in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in aqueous solution above its critical micellar concentration (cmc). The surfactant-aided water-compatible Lewis acid catalyst has been found to be efficient for a wide range of carbonyl compounds including aromatic aldehydes bearing electron-releasing and electron-withdrawing groups, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, heterocyclic aldehydes, cyclic and aromatic ketones with respect to yield, and reaction time. The protocol has been extended to Michael addition of indoles with α,β-unsaturated ketones exclusively yielding 3-substituted indolyl ketones in excellent yields.


Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which are used to produce transplantable tissues, may particularly benefit older patients, who are more likely to suffer from degenerative diseases. However, iPSCs generated from aged donors (A-iPSCs) exhibit higher genomic instability, defects in apoptosis and a blunted DNA damage response compared with iPSCs generated from younger donors. We demonstrated that A-iPSCs exhibit excessive glutathione-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, which blocks the DNA damage response and apoptosis and permits survival of cells with genomic instability. We found that the pluripotency factor ZSCAN10 is poorly expressed in A-iPSCs and addition of ZSCAN10 to the four Yamanaka factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC) during A-iPSC reprogramming normalizes ROS–glutathione homeostasis and the DNA damage response, and recovers genomic stability. Correcting the genomic instability of A-iPSCs will ultimately enhance our ability to produce histocompatible functional tissues from older patients' own cells that are safe for transplantation.


The given article is devoted to the revelation and demonstration of the main problems of the hypothecary relations' development in Russia. The analysis and solution of this problem mentioned in this work could help to make hypothecation more availaible for Russian citizens, because hypothecation is one of the most effective ways out of the housing problem. The acquisition of one's own quality accommodation is the paramount need for every family, and the existence of the socially oriented economy is impossible without satisfaction of this need.


The pivotal aim of this book is to explain the creation, development, and impact of good governance from a conceptual, principal perspective and in the context of national administrative law. Three lines of reasoning have been worked out: developing the concept of good governance; specification of this concept by developing principles of good governance; and implementation of these principles of good governance on the national level. In this phase of further development of good governance, it is important to have a clear concept of good governance, presented in this book as the third cornerstone of a modern state, alongside the concepts of the rule of law and democracy. That is a rather new national administrative law perspective which is influenced by regional and international legal developments; thus, we can speak about good governance as a multilevel concept. But the question is: how is this concept of good governance further developed? Six principles of good governance (which in a narrower sense also qualify as principles of good administration) have been further specified in a systematic way, from a legal perspective. These are the principles of properness, transparency, participation, effectiveness, accountability, and human rights. Furthermore, the link has been made with integrity standards. The important developments of each of these principles are described on the national level in Europe, but also in countries outside Europe (such as Australia, Canada, and South Africa). This book gives a systematic comparison of the implementation of the principles of good governance between countries.


During the process of salvaging and rescue in inland rivers, due to the low visibility of the underwater environment, it is difficult to observe the surrounding environment and sediments by using light vision. Based on the principle of ultrasonic imaging, combined with the needs of underwater salvage and rescue, a front-end T/R hardware circuit with 64 array elements, 32 transmit channels, and 16 ultrasonic receive channels was designed. This circuit is used as an ultrasonic signal acquisition unit in the design of subsequent diving rescue helmet. According to the diameter distribution range of common objects and salvage tools in the water area, the demand for diving distance in the near field, and attenuation law of ultrasonic distance, we can determine the center frequency of the ultrasonic transducer of the diving rescue helmet, the number of array elements focused by the phased array, and the gain compensation range of ultrasonic echo signal.


The present study was conducted on the tongues of six Punjab white quails. The tissues from the apex, body and root of the tongue were processed for paraffin sectioning and scanning electron microscopy studies. The tongue was triangular in shape having an apex, body and root. The dorsal surface of the apex and body was smooth whereas large lingual conical papillae were located symmetrically and converging in median line between the body and the root. There was an additional layer of conical papillae composed of two large papillae behind the main row of papillae. The tongue was lined by stratified squamous epithelium which was keratinised at the apex. The anterior lingual salivary glands were mainly serous type whereas the posterior salivary glands were mucous type. There were topographical differences in the size, shape and appearance of the exfoliated superficial cells of the dorsal surface epithelium in the apex and body of the tongue.


Transcriptional silencing and anti‐silencing mechanisms modulate bacterial physiology and virulence in many human pathogens. In Shigella species, many virulence plasmid genes are silenced by the histone‐like nucleoid structuring protein H‐NS and anti‐silenced by the virulence gene regulator VirB. Despite the key role that these regulatory proteins play in Shigella virulence, their mechanisms of transcriptional control remain poorly understood. Here, we characterize the regulatory elements and their relative spacing requirements needed for the transcriptional silencing and anti‐silencing of icsP, a locus that requires remotely located regulatory elements for both types of transcriptional control. Our findings highlight the flexibility of the regulatory elements' positions with respect to each other, and yet, a molecular roadblock docked between the VirB binding site and the upstream H‐NS binding region abolishes transcriptional anti‐silencing by VirB, providing insight into transcriptional anti‐silencing. Our study also raises the need to re‐evaluate the currently proposed VirB binding site. Models of transcriptional silencing and anti‐silencing at this genetic locus are presented, and the implications for understanding these regulatory mechanisms in bacteria are discussed.


A method and a device for transferring data in a telecommunication system comprising a data transfer path (8) and devices (21, 22, 1) using the data transfer path for data transfer, data being transferred cyclically in messages (4) between the devices according to at least one cycle having a cycle time, whereby the device (1) is configured to monitor the cyclic communication on the data transfer path; determine, on the basis of the monitoring and the cycle time of said at least one cycle of the cyclic communication, at least one expected occurrence time slot of the cyclic communication; and transmit a message not belonging to the cyclic communication to the data transfer path on the basis of at least one determined occurrence time slot such that it does not collide with one or more messages of the cyclic communication occurring in the determined at least one occurrence time slot.


ABSTRACT Ionomeric TPEs of XNBR and PA12 have been prepared in presence of various zinc salts such as Zinc oxide (ZnO), Zinc peroxide (ZnO2) and combination of (ZnO+ZnO2). Curing study of XNBR in presence of ZnO, ZnO2 and (ZnO+ZnO2) depicts a significant difference in torque values which suggests the formation of both ionic and covalent linkages for ZnO2 crosslinked XNBR whereas the only ionic crosslink formation takes place for ZnO crosslinked XNBR. Further morphology study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), physicomechanical properties, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), rheological study and swelling study also supports the above phenomenon. Graphical Abstract


Currently, the automation system for laboratory has developed a new technology used to make a short turnaround time whether diagnostic or monitoring of medical diagnosis. Inspection results must be accurate, precise and reliable. This research study aims to evaluate method performance of Mindray CL-2000i Chemiluminescence System in the test of thyroid hormones (T3, T4, FT3, FT4, TSH), tumor markers (AFP, CEA, PSA, CA125, CA153, CA199), and reproductive hormones. (LH, FSH, prolactin, estradial, beta HCG, testosterone). The performance evaluation including imprecision study (within day and between days), method comparison and linearity study according to CLSI EP5-A2 guideline. The evaluation results, the precision was good and acceptable in the criteria. The coefficients of variation for within-day imprecision (CVwd) were between 1.25 to 3.62 % and the coefficients of variation for between-day imprecision (CVbd) were between 1.82 to 6.32 % and the imprecision study results for all tests showed acceptable agreements with established method. For method comparison study compared with Cobas 6000 system and Unicel DxC 860i system. The results showed linear regression, slope between 0.671.23 and Correlation coefficient (r) ranged from 0.89 to 1.00. For linearity study, the results shown in the range of 80-120 % recovery (minimum 87 %; maximum 118 %) and measurements in the range specified by the manufacturer claim. Conclusions, this study show that the analytical model Mindray CL-2000i can detect levels of thyroid hormones, tumor markers and sex hormones in the range of acceptable criteria and Criteria of standards organizations. Before actually applied in the laboratory should be additional tested again.


In view of step heating furnace system,it established on-line supervisory system of step heating furnace,analyzed and constructed the hardware disposition and software composition.This system could reflect the movement status of step heating furnace well.


To evaluate the clinical picture and outcome of suspected appendicitis in pregnant women. Retrospective analytic study of 28 appendectomies performed during pregnancy for suspected appendicitis in our hospital at period April 2004 to September 2006. All files and medical records of these patients were analyzed and studied. Those including variables (demographic, clinical, laboratory and surgical outcomes data) were collected retrospectively. Prevalence of appendicitis was calculated from the total number of deliveries and abortions that occurred during this period. Numbers of correct and wrong diagnosis were reported and comparison of perinatal outcome, maternal morbidity and different variables in negative and positive laparotomies performed. The prevalence of suspected appendicitis in pregnancy is 0.29%. Incidences of negative laparotomies were 36%. The most diagnostic findings for acute appendicitis were history of periumbilical pain, anorexia and Rt iliac fossa findings. Half of wrong diagnosis were related to premature labor pain or abortion. The prevalence of suspected appendicitis during pregnancy in our environment during this period was higher than the reported incidence and rate of wrong diagnosis still high. Good clinical assessment with adjunct ultrasonic examination could reduce the incidence of negative laparotomies or prevent late complication. Delay in operation leading to higher rate of maternal morbidity and adversely affect the obstetric outcome. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-1, 36-43 DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i1.6824


Valdman I.A.Associate Professor and head of the Russian Training Center at the Institute of Education of the Higher School of Economics, Candidate of science (Education).E-mail: email@example.com. The article examines key questions relating to the use of national students' educational achievement monitoring results using the examples of such programs in Australia, USA and Chile. The author discusses the specifics of using the assessment results in each country, including interpretation and assessment data presentation for different user groups.Keywords: monitoring of educational achievements, national assessment, assessment of education quality, testing, using assessment results.


Background and Objectives: Proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix are vital to the growth and evolution of malignant neoplasms. The present study determined the composition of proteoglycans isolated from paired specimens of normal breast and adenocarcinoma of the breast harvested from each patient (n = 8). The proteoglycans were then tested for their ability to stimulate endothelial cell proliferation.


Epinephrine induces human platelet aggregation by interacting with α-adrenergic receptors. These sites were demonstrated by radioligand-binding techniques using the new antagonist ligand, [3H]yohimbine. The sites labeled by [3H]yohimbine had the specificity of α2-receptors with the affinity of yohimbine » prazosin. Epinephrine-mediated inhibition of prostaglandin E1-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in human platelet lysates was also found to have an α2-receptor specificity. Competition curves of antagonists with [3H]yohimbine indicated a homogeneous population of α2-receptors. In contrast, competition curves of a series of full and partial agonists with [3H] yohimbine were resolved into two distinct affinity states; the ratio of the dissociation constants of agonists for the low and high affinity states was positively correlated with the agonist's intrinsic activity for inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Guanine nucleotides were found to destabilize the high affinity form of the a 2-receptors. At high ...


Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs), often used as coprocessors for DSP and multimedia kernels, can deliver highly energy-efficient execution for compute-intensive kernels. Simultaneously, stream applications, which consist of many actors and channels connecting them, can provide natural representations for DSP applications, and therefore be a good match for CGRAs. We present our results of mapping DSP applications written in StreamIt language to CGRAs, along with our mapping flow. One important challenge in mapping is how to manage the multitude of kernels in the application for the limited local memory of a CGRA, for which we present a novel integer linear programming-based solution. Our evaluation results demonstrate that our software and hardware optimizations can help generate highly efficient mapping of stream applications to CGRAs, enabling far more energy-efficient executions (7x worse to 50x better) compared to using state-of-the-art GP-GPUs. Further, we eliminate communication overhead and reduce computation overhead using combination of sychronous/asynchronous processors and DMA. This optimization also improve performance by 17.1% on average comparing to baseline system.


A seiries of mononuclear iron(Ⅲ) complexes (1) ~ (6) with Schiff - base ligands HL1~HL5 were synthesized by 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde , amine , and iron(III) chloride. Iron(Ⅲ) complexes with Schiff – base ligands were prepared: (1) [Fe(HL1)Cl3]2 (2) [Fe(HL2)Cl3].CH3CN (3) [Fe(HL3)Cl3].CH3CN (4) [Fe(HL4)Cl3]2.CH3CN (5) [Fe(HL5)Cl2(H2O)] Cl (6) [Fe(HL4)Cl2(H2O)] Cl L1: 2-((E)-(2-(2-(diethylamino)ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)phenol L2: 2-((E)-(2-(2-(diethylamino)ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol L3: 2-((E)-(2-(2-(diethylamino)ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-4-chlorophenol L4: 2-((E)-(2-(2-(diethylamino)ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-4,6-dichlorophenol L5: 2-((E)-(2-(2-(diethylamino)ethylamino)ethylimino)methyl)-4,6-dibromophenol The physical properties of complexes (1) ~ (6) were measured by X-ray Single diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectra, element analyzer, electronchemical analysises , and electron spin resonance . Magnetic susceptibilities measurements and theoretical calculations were performed to understand magnetic behavior of these complexes. Then added hydrogen peroxide to understand activity and enzyme kinetics of the mononuclear iron(Ⅲ) complexes .


Editor—I would like to thank the authors for their immensely informative article on transvascular fluid exchange. It is apparent that advances in this area of science are now starting to explain many of the clinically observed phenomena in critically ill patients, such as the broad equivalence of crystalloids and colloids, and the failure of albumin infusions to improve tissue oedema. A phenomenon familiar to many of us is the turning point when a sick patient in intensive care exhibits spontaneous diuresis, thereby excreting their iatrogenic excess body water— at this stage, we 'know' that the patient will get better. Do the authors think that this occurrence represents the juncture at which tissue compliance returns to normal, and the increased hydrostatic pressure drives fluid back into the circulation? Certainly, the components of the inflammatory response that control these changes hold great promise as targets for future therapies. Despite the admirable explanation of the revised Starling equation in this article, I am not sure I agree with the conclusion that a rational use of colloids should be restricted to euvolaemic or hypervolaemic haemodilution. This statement is based on the premise that patients who are profoundly hypovolaemic will have an equivalent plasma expansion with either class of fluid, that is, they are below the J-point on the graph provided (Fig. 4 in the original article). Above the J-point, colloids do stay in the circulation for longer, and I would argue that this applies to fluid optimization in the perioperative period, where patients are only moderately hypovolaemic. Thus, over several days of flow-guided optimization, the total volume of colloids used will be less compared with crystalloids for the same effect. However, the long debated question remains as to whether the advantage of less tissue oedema outweighs the other adverse effects (and cost) associated with colloids.


Of the main enzymes used in biocatalysis lipases stand out, since they have the ability to catalyze reactions in both aqueous and in organic medium. From the economical and industrial point of view, lipases obtained from microorganisms are the most used due to their relative ease of production and the abundance of microorganisms capable of synthesizing them. The main barrier to implementation of lipases in biocatalysis systems is their high cost. The use of techniques such as method of factorial design and response surface methodology has been used for the optimization of culture conditions and catalysis, aiming to increase activity and reduce costs of fermentation. Another important strategy has been the development of techniques for immobilizing enzymes, allowing the recovery and reuse of the enzyme after catalysis. The adsorption is the approach most widely used for immobilization, due to ease of use and low cost. This work presents the optimization of lipase production by the filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum, using central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM), the enzyme immobilization in different media and characterization of immobilized lipase. Initially were studied eight separate carbon sources and five nitrogen sources. In CCD four variables were evaluated in the production of lipase: carbon source concentration, nitrogen source concentration, surfactant Triton X-100 and yeast extract adding. After the study of the cultivation conditions, the enzyme was immobilized onto various matrix: encapsulation in polyethylene oxide (PEO) gel and calcium alginate, and adsorption on Celite 545 and Octyl Sepharose CL-4B. This work also studied partial biochemical characterization of free and immobilized enzyme on Celite. Among the carbon sources studied, the oils that gave the highest values of lipase activity were olive (5.24 U/ml, 96 h of culture) and chicken (5.68 U/mL, 120 h of cultivation). Highest activity was obtained in medium containing ammonium sulfate in Vogel media (2.52 U/ml, 72 h of culture). The best conditions for lipase production by F. oxysporum defined by CCD was 1.75% (v/v) crambe oil, 0.5% (w/v) ammonium sulphate, 0.5% (w/v) Triton X-100 and 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, yielding 2.77 U/mL, 25.18 U/mg and production/cost of 4302 U/R$. It was found that the immobilization on Celite has a high yield (150.9%) and in a short time, the enzyme conferring protective character, increasing the activity and stability compared to extreme pH, high temperatures and the presence of polar and nonpolar organic solvents.


Introduction. Studying pathogenetic pathways that are formed under conditions of hyperglycaemia and trigger further metabolic changes resulting in diabetes complications over time are of special interest both in theoretical and practical medicine. Membrane of the red blood cell that stays in blood constantly and relatively durable is an obvious participant of all metabolic changes and cannot but reflect changes in metabolism. Objective : to study content of fatty acids (FAs) in red blood cell membranes of patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and methods. The study enrolled 73 subjects maximally matched by age and gender: 50 patients with established long-lasting T2D complicated with DR and 23 patients in the control group. All the biochemical tests were performed at the certified laboratory under the standard methods. Gas chromatography was applied to study FA spectrum. Statistical analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Results and discussion . The key difference between the lipid metabolism of patients with complicated long-lasting T2D and healthy subjects was a significant difference in FA content redistribution in the red blood cell membranes represented by increased "saturation". The content of saturated FAs (SAFAs)in patients with DR was higher than in the CG: 1.5-fold for palmitic (С:16), 2-fold for myristic(С:14), pentadecanoic (С:15) and margaric (С:17) (Р < 0.05). The content of saturated stearic (С:18) FA was not changed significantly.The content of unsaturated FAs(USFAs) have changed multidirectionally: the content of linoleic (С18:2) and arachidonic (С20:4) decreased 1.5-1.7-fold, respectively. The content of linolenic (С18:3) increased 2-fold, and content of oleic FA (С18:1) was not changed significantly. Conclusion. Study of the fluctuations of FA levels in red blood cell membranesplays animportant role in the development of insulin resistance, T2D and its microvascular complicationsthat can be applied in creating treatment and prevention strategies ofDRin type 2 diabetes patients.


Riveting and adhesive bonding are common joining technology in aircraft engineering. A hybrid joining such as rivetbonding brings together the benefits of both basic techniques whilst minimising some of their shortcomings. These technologies have been present mastered sufficiently, and their characteristics are well known. Due to different influences in aircraft service (weather, location of aircraft operation, air composition, contact with fuel or hydraulic fluid), a degradation of the characteristics of joints is well noticed. This research was focused on the ageing of rivet-bonded joints with a polyurethane adhesive and blind rivets and the influence of ageing on the properties of joints. Ageing according EN 2243-5 was carried out in hot/wet conditions, salt mist, hydraulic fluid, and fuel. Thermal cycling was used as a resource of ageing.


This paper describes the basic principles of the algorithm of head pose estimation based on the classification,puts forward two head pose estimation methods under the special conditions,and analyzes on their advantages and disadvantages.


The objective of this diploma thesis, which was prepared as part of the master program Environmental Design of Cities and Buildings, is to point out the contradictory aspects of the environmental institutional framework and its implementation in Greece, concerning solid waste and environmental impact assessment and how they contributed, along with other factors, in forging a conflict battlefield for the action of situating and constructing a sanitary landfill in an area called Papanikolou, in West Aigialia of Achaia.
Initially in order for the reader to attain a more complete point of view, a retrospect is carried out, concerning the most significant international declarations that set the foundation stone for environmental law introducing concepts such as environmental protection, participatory process in environmental decision making, environmental information and sustainable development. The Community environmental policy follows, as it evolved since the foundation of the European Economic Community. The environmental policy making is implemented, amongst other, by the issuing of community directives from the competent EU authorities, which the member states have an obligation to transpose into their internal legislation. The analysis of the national environmental legislation reveals its problems and the efforts made recently for its simplification and codification.
 A complete recording of the case study's background is attempted, so that the forces and interests that led to conflicts may emerge. The residents' struggles resulted in the temporary suspension of construction works, until the Council of State decides upon its fate. Judging by the temporary outcome, the public participation in environmental decision making is one of the most crucial factors for their enforcement. Delving into the role played by the parties involved and how they handled each situation, it becomes obvious that waste management is rather a political issue, than technical.


A renewed type of development strategy, sometimes referred as Development 2.0, is rapidly emerging. It is coherent with Sen's capabilities approach and the Human Development paradigm, and fits into to the Network Society context described by Castells. It is supported by a strong technological foundation (mainly through the extended use of ICTs), and driven by openness and innovation. Development 2.0 is 'networked development', and the future of development assistance will be to some extent marked by its trends.


In harbour approaches the problem is to maintain track despite the leeway induced by the wind. This can be done satisfactorily using an autopilot modified so that it has no integral control and a course error gain that depends on the angle of the apparent wind. The paper presents the results of simulations of the motion of a 30,000 dwt tanker which show that autopilot control is able to cope with considerable variations in both wind speed and direction and maintain the desired track. Order from NSFI as No. 22129.


Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6+δ single crystals are prepared by a KCl flux method. Transport properties and crystal structures are investigated for the samples with various T c 's. The result of structural analysis indicates that the change of T c is caused by the overdoping of the hole carrier through excess oxygen located between double Tl-O sheets. The out-of-plane resistivity ρ c is larger than for YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 , but smaller than for Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8


Findings from an ethnographic study identified dementia (i.e., Alzheimer's disease) as an important but often overlooked issue within the Hmong American community. Elders with dementia often lived in the home of a married son who had children of his own. Children were reported to have difficulty understanding the memory and behavioral changes associated with the progressive disease. This lack of understanding adversely affected the relationship between the child and elder. A bilingual illustrated children's book entitled Grandfather's Story Cloth has been developed to address this issue. General themes from the life experiences of family caregivers were used to provide a culturally meaningful storyline. The book introduces the idea of using a story cloth to stimulate Grandfather's remote memory thereby enhancing communication and understanding between Grandson and Grandfather. The educational value of the book is augmented with discussion questions and answers that support a family based approach to learning. To promote access, the Extendicare Foundation provided funds for the purchase and distribution of 1000 copies of this book to select organizations that serve the Hmong-American community. Initial feedback regarding the educational value and cultural appropriateness of Grandfather's Story Cloth by members of the Hmong American community, educators, elementary students, librarians, and health care professionals is presented. Introduction Overall it is estimated that more than 5 million Americans currently have a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's Association, 2008). However, there are no statistics specific to the prevalence of this disease within the Hmong American community. Alzheimer's disease is characterized by severe cognitive and behavioral changes that progress over time. Although short-term memory is severely impaired in persons with Alzheimer's disease, remote memory (i.e. autobiographical memory) often remains intact well into the advanced stages of the disease process (Gluseppe, Snitz, Sorcinelli, & Daum, 2004). Cultural values and beliefs about dementia (i.e. Alzheimer's disease) that are held by elders and their family affect caregiving and help-seeking behaviors (Janevic & Connell, 2001; Yeo & Gallager-Thompson, 2006). The majority of research on family caregiving of persons with dementia has focused on large ethnic groups who have a long-standing presence in the U.S. Other groups, such as Hmong Americans, have been a neglected focus of research. There is need for an increased understanding of Hmong elders with dementia and the family caregiving


The existance of metal pollution detected in water and green mussel's flesh in Bayuurip Village, Glagah Sub-District, Gresik Regency, had a big impact in production and food security in that region. According to 3 years data (2018-2020), the production of green mussels was decreased significantly. Harvest was usually reach to 5-7 tons/day, nevertheless, currently only 1.5-2 tons/day. The size of yields were smaller, the harvest was usually in <5 cm; in size >5-7 cm are very scarce. Besides, the size of green mussels influence its selling price. Although the Pb levels were still lower than threshold from the goverment, nevertheless, the issue of their existance was a major concern, especialy in the decrease of market demand and the increase of citizens awareness of food security. For this reason, through The Internal Community Service Program of UMG, was expected to provide the information to citizens that green mussels are still worth consuming and safety, especially with the use of depuration method; increase the local society awareness to maintain the hygiene, implement depuration technology to keep food product safe and securable. The external expectation of this program is to develop an independent local community, in social economy. This activity was scheduled in Bayuurip Village, Ujung Pangkah Sub-district, Gresik Regency, with several purposes: (1) Applied the depuration technology manipulation to reduce metal pollution in green mussels flesh; (2) Increase the economic value of featured product (green mussels) and its food safety; (3) Develop positive opinion that green mussels are safe to consume after depuration treatment.


Mathematical analyses of noncatalytic coal dissolution using tetralin at 350–460 °C were carried out. Coal conversion, SRC yield and aromaticity of SRC could be predicted fairly well by regression equations using liquefaction conditions as explanation variables. The equation derived from coal conversions in 67 experiments using the C% and volatile matter of 6 coals and liquefaction conditions could predict coal conversions fairly well (R=0.972). The conversions predicted by the proposed equation were also compared with those reported by previous investigators. Although it was suggested that long heating-up period was detrimental to coal conversion, the equation was a good indication of the conversion in solvent extract liquefaction.


Abstract In order to ameliorate the precipitation spinup problem (prediction models' inability to produce realistic precipitation rates at the beginning of the forecast period), the impact of a tropical initialization procedure on precipitation forecasts has been investigated. The procedure is divided into the three components. 1) application of diabatic nonlinear normal-mode initialization (NNMI), 2) modification of the initial divergence by incorporation of satellite-imagery data, and 3) modification of the moisture and temperature fields by Donner's cumulus-initialization scheme. Numerical experiments were conducted by running 10.5-h forecasts (42 time steps) starting from various initial conditions after application of some combination of the three initialization components. A triangular-42 version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model-1 global spectral model (CCM1) and its associated NNMI package were used. The results of a case study from the reanalyzed First...


This study investigated the selection of undergraduate students' in degree programs in Moi University, Kenya. It explored the attitudes and perceptions of the participants on what determines the choice of undergraduate degree programmes. A mixture of Quantitative and Qualitative methodologies and Case Study research design was used. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 11 schools out of 15 and stratified random sampling to select 754 respondents to constitute the sample. A questionnaire was administered to 742 students respondents in order to measure their perceptions, attitudes, values and behaviour on the subject of study and also to identify key research themes that were probed further. Three Focus Group Discussions and ten face-to face interviews were conducted with selected respondents who were believed to be more knowledgeable about the selection of students' in undergraduate degree programs. Document analysis of the archival documents was also done. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages were used to determine and explain proportions. In the light of findings, the study concluded that the level of career guidance and counseling provided in secondary schools was neither well planned nor organized. In addition, there were no clear policies within which the service is provided. Students' degree programme decisions were guided by other factors rather than interest. Universities do not sufficiently market degree programmes in secondary schools. JAB places a high number of students in degree programmes they do not choose or have a passion for. Therefore, career guidance and counseling provided in schools is inadequate to enable students make informed choices of degree programs. Consequently, the study made the following recommendations. There is need for career guidance and counseling to be mainstreamed in the education system within clear policies and be monitored. The freedom to choose should be complimented by adequate career information. Universities should actively market degree programmes to students. In view of these findings, it can be noted that the successes of students making informed degree programs choices will depend on the level of career guidance and counseling given in schools and marketing of degree programs offered by universities.


was enlarged, and could be ipalpated below the ribs; there was tympanites and tendernies, over the right iliac fossa, and violent diarrhoea, about twenty motions in the twenty-four hours; the child also had acute bronchitis. These symptoms did not yield to treatment, and two days later five smalI rosepink coloured spots appeared on the abdomen, and the child died the same night. I may add that the child's aunt, a girl of I3, also had enteric at the same time, and the gtandfather had it eleven montlhs previously, both in the same house. This case is of interest because, on looking up the literature on the subject, I find there have only been two recorded cases of enteric in infants under I year old. R. J. LOVE, L.R.C.P.& S.Edin., L.F.P.& S.Glas. Indwe, Cape Colony.


We are exploring the feasibility of a very large telescope with a wide field of view for multi-object spectroscopic surveys. This paper presents a brief overview of the scientific need for such facility, a possible optical design for such a telescope, and a description of how such a telescope might function for both wide-field, seeing-limited spectroscopy and narrow-field, high-Strehl imaging and spectroscopy. The science is primarily driven by the fact that imaging surveys are now capable of cataloguing vast numbers of targets that would take a formidable amount of time on currently existing telescopes for spectroscopic followup. The telescope design, a 4-mirror extension of the Paul concept, is a 30-meter telescope that delivers a full 1 degree(s) field at f/4 with excellent image performance across the full field. The primary is an f/1, 30-meter. The secondary has a diameter of 5.3-meters and contains a pure conic surface that delivers an uncorrected focus between the primary and secondary. The tertiary mirror is located at the vertex of the primary and has a diameter of about 10.6- meters. The quaternary mirror, located at the position of the initial focus, is about 4.4-meters and images the final focus back at the vertex of the tertiary mirror. The initial design had both the tertiary and quaternary mirrors with high-order, even aspheric surfaces. Further study has led to a simplification of the design in which the tertiary is now a pure conic like the primary and secondary mirrors, and the quaternary mirror is something like a Schmidt corrector with only modest fourth and sixth order terms.


The CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford-Approach) model is a regional or global Net Primary Productivity (NPP) estimation model based on the view of resource balance. It is an energy utilization model driven by remote sensing, meteorology, vegetation and soil type data. In this paper, the Landsat data and CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford) model are combined to calculate the average net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in downtown Xuzhou in 2016, which is 17.525gc. m−2 month−1.


The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for detecting a glow ignition in a spark ignition internal combustion engine (VBK) having at least one cylinder (Z1-Z) which delimits, together with a piston (24) a combustion chamber (27), a combustion chamber pressure sensor (36) for measuring the pressure (p_Zyl) in the combustion chamber (27), a crank angle sensor (22) including a crank angle (KW) provides signal representing a control device (6) for controlling and / or regulating the internal combustion engine (VBK), wherein during a compression stroke of the internal combustion engine (VBK) at predetermined crank angle (KW) within an analysis window (KW-AWF) values for the combustion chamber pressure (p_Zyl_mess) are detected from the detected values for the combustion chamber pressure (p_Zyl_mess) a filtered Duck value (p_Zyl_mess_MW) is determined to the predetermined crank angles (CA) theoretical pressure values (p_Zyl_calc) in the combustion chamber (27) determined expectant s that would arise if no combustion in the combustion chamber (27) would take place. The value of the slope between two predetermined crank angle for filtered pressure values is determined, the value of the slope between two predetermined crank angle for the theoretical pressure values is determined and formed from a difference in the slope values. This difference is compared with a predetermined threshold value and upon exceeding the threshold value is closed to a glow ignition in the combustion chamber.


A study was made on indexes of integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education in ethnic regions through calculating indexes of five ethnic minority autonomous counties in 2005 and 2009.The results show that the level of integrated development of compulsory education in both urban and rural areas is still rather low though great achievements have been made through educational input.An empirical analysis shows that fiscal decentralization system and economic development level are the main internal causes to hinder the integrated development,while education reform policy is an important external cause to promote allocation adjustment of financial system.Suggestions are put forward to make reasonable distribution of fiscal share between governments at provincial and county(district) levels,increase fiscal expenditure ratio of counties(districts) and increase overall budget for compulsory education at provincial level.


Simple Summary Feline cancer patients' owners are increasingly willing to undertake oncologic treatment, such as chemotherapy. Concerns regarding worsening quality of life are common since chemotherapy could cause toxicities, such as vomiting, nausea, anorexia, and consequently weight loss. In humans, mirtazapine effectively prevents chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, improving the quality of life in people receiving chemotherapy. Recently, the use of mirtazapine transdermal ointment has been evaluated in cats with non-cancer diseases. This study describes the use of transdermal mirtazapine administration in cats diagnosed with lymphoma and receiving chemotherapy. Patients included in the study did not receive any prophylactic anti-emetics other than transdermal mirtazapine. Data regarding patients, type of chemotherapy, and incidence of weight loss and gastrointestinal toxicities were retrospectively evaluated. Transdermal mirtazapine was well tolerated, and substantial weight loss was not observed in the 14 days following chemotherapy administration. These results support further studies assessing the impact of mirtazapine in preventing chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in cats. Abstract In humans, mirtazapine can prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve cancer patients' quality of life (QoL). This drug is being increasingly used as an appetite stimulant in cats. The hypothesis of this retrospective study was that mirtazapine could reduce the incidence of CINV and weight loss in feline patients affected by lymphoma. The objectives were to report the use of mirtazapine transdermal ointment and assess the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity and weight loss in cats diagnosed with lymphoma and receiving chemotherapy. Transdermal mirtazapine was topically administered to the inner surface of the pinna (2 mg/cat/daily) for 14 days following chemotherapy administration. Data recorded from 20 patients were collected. Different grades of GI toxicity were shown in 8/20 (40%) patients. Body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and muscle condition score (MCS) improved in 12/20 (60%), 6/20 (30%), and 2/20 (10%) cats, respectively. Mirtazapine-induced adverse events (AEs) occurred in 4/20 (20%) cats and did not require mirtazapine discontinuation. Substantial weight loss was not encountered, suggesting that patients had an adequate food intake after chemotherapy administration. Transdermal mirtazapine ointment was considered safe and well tolerated.


, 899 (2008); 320  Science et al. Iuliana P. Radu Quantum Hall State = 5/2 Fractional v Quasi-Particle Properties from Tunneling in the This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. clicking here. colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others here. following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles ):  September 8, 2014  www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag.org/content/320/5878/899.full.html version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2008/04/17/1157560.DC1.html can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag.org/content/320/5878/899.full.html#ref-list-1 , 1 of which can be accessed free: cites 37 articles This article 56 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/content/320/5878/899.full.html#related-urls 2 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/physics Physics subject collections: This article appears in the following


By the application of remote sensing 1995 and 2005 and using RS and GIS.the paper researched the space-time characteristics of Land-use/cover change(LUCC) during the past 10-year from 1995 to 2005 since the policies and measures of "converting farmland to forests" implemented.The result showed that the type and area of land use/cover of DaTong County had changed obviously by the project of converting farmland to forest.The woodland,water area and construction land showed on a growth trend,and woodland becomes the largest land-use/cover types in 2005;Grassland,cultivated land and unused land displayed a decreasing trend,the grassland turned into the second type from the advantage types of 1995,because of a remarkable reduction of low-cover grassland;The mutual conversion between different land-use/cover type was strong,the area 186 894.97hm2,accounting for the total area of 60.18%;The transition of grassland to woodland,area of 68 040.88hm2,is the most amount accounting for the total change of 36.41%.The conclusion would provide evidence for management and policy of converting farmland to forest in this area.


In intelligent transportation systems (ITS), vehicle flow data are very important for control and management of traffic. Based on chromaticism in an image sequence of a moving vehicle which is the difference between the vehicle and the road surface, a new method is proposed to collect real-time traffic flow data in the city. Firstly, video for 10 frames/second sampling, difference operation of same region of two neighboring images is used to detect the moving vehicle very quickly on measurement strap. Secondly, the result of difference was grayed, horizontal projection and adaptive threshold methods are adopted to recognize the moving vehicle and type of vehicle by statistical analysis, which is very expedient, accurate and quick. The results of experiments show that the correct recognition rate of this system reaches up to 90%. The combination of phase control and road control can intelligently manage traffic in real-time and satisfies the requirements of practical application.


The article aims at substantiating the grounds for the formation and implementation of penal policy in the sphere of convicts' involvement into labor and defines the role of socially useful labor as a means of correction under modern conditions. The author analyzed the possibilities to activate modern penal policy improvement processes by means of developing some basic principles of convict labour organization and production activity of penal institutions. The study presents some bases for penal policy implementation in the sphere of convict labour.


The one of hot issues of Palhae is Malgal One, Malgal is differerent with Koguryo. Another, Malgal is a sort of Koguryo, that is not self-name, a vulgar and common name of the border of Koguryo Current issue is the name in the foundation of a country, Is the first name 'Malgal(靺鞨)' or 'Jin(振)'? Some scholars of China assert that the first name is Malgal. TIley assert that the name of Palhae come from Tang's royal ordaining in A.D.713. This article is a confirm one of the old assertion of mine. This has that Malgal is a sort of Koguryo, that is not self-name, a vulgar and common name of the border of Koguryo from the historical materials. TIle first name of Palhae was Jin and the last was Palhae, That self of Palhae exchanges the name of dynasty from a certain time. Tang dynasty only called that Palhae as "Malgal" with a vulgar name in the foundations of country They called that Palhae as "Palhae" after normalizing diplomatic relations of two dynasty of A. D. 713. The term Malgal appears in Samguksagi(三國史記), going back even to the period of B. C. And the term was the name of dependant people who lived under the control of Koguryo near its frontiers. The true meaning of Malgal should be found in such terms as Sokmal(粟末), Packsan(白山), or Heuksoo(黑子) which were added adjectively to Malgal For example, it is true to say that Sokmal-Malgal was the inhabitants of the region of the Sungari River. Thus we may conclude that at least Packsan-Malgal and Sokmal-Malgal were surely the peoples ruled by Koguryo, and it is probable that other Malgals except Heuksoo-Malgal might have been so. Malgals in the historical materials were "Koguryo Malgal" of not self-name, a vulgar and common name of tile border of Koguryo peoples.


The multistage theory for cancer is used to derive models for independent effects and for interactive effects of two carcinogenic agents. The derivation assumes that a tumor is of single cell origin and that a normal cell is transformed to a cancer cell by undergoing a finite number of irreversible, heritable, mutation-like transitions. The interactions enter the proposed models at the level of single cell transition rates rather than, as is conventional, at the level of animal response proportions. Suggestions are given for the design and analysis of fixed time, binary response, two factor, cancer bioassay experiments.


Solvate formation is a common occurrence among organic, organometallic, and inorganic compounds. Its impact on the stability and bioavailability of pharmaceuticals has led to considerable investigation of solvated drug substances. Some compounds display indiscriminate solvate formation, while others are considerably more selective. Significantly, the structural features that lead to one behavior or another have not been identified. Hence, empirical approaches are required for the discovery of solvates. Two situations can readily be envisaged that would tend to favor solvate formation. First, compounds in which potential intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, are not well satisfied in the unsolvated form generally incorporate solvent molecules to provide strong intermolecular interactions and often solvate selectively based on functionality. The other limiting case is solvent inclusion to decrease void space in the crystal. Most compounds have contributions from both of these driving forces, which can be viewed as lowering the crystal free energy primarily through electrostatic and van der Waals interactions, respectively. Readily solvated pharmaceuticals have received attention in the literature, two prominent examples are sulfathiazole and gossypol. Sulfathiazole is an antibacterial sulfa-drug known to crystallize in over 100 solvates/cocrystals and five solvent-free polymorphs. It forms solvates with many solvents; however, there are some notable exceptions, which include hydrocarbon and halogenated solvents. Solvated sulfathiazole forms a diverse set of crystal structures, as well as several isostructural solvates. In some cases, the role of the solvent is to fill void space in the lattice (e.g., acetonitrile, dioxane), while in other crystals the solvent satisfies specific intermolecular interactions (e.g., N-formyl piperidine). Gossypol is a natural product that has been used as a male contraceptive and it forms solvates/cocrystals with nearly 100 molecules. Solvates can be generated from nearly every common organic solvent. It does, however, crystallize in a solvent-free form from ligroin and mixtures of hexane and diethyl ether. Like sulfathiazole, gossypol forms isostructural solvates, in which the solvent fills a cavity in the structure (e.g., carbon tetrachloride,m-xylene), as well as solvates with specific hydrogen-bonding interactions between gossypol and the included solvent (e.g., acetic acid, 2-propanol).


This study proposes a new zero-current?zero-voltage-transition (ZCZVT) boost?flyback converter using a soft switching auxiliary circuit. The proposed converter integrates the boost and flyback converters to increase the voltage with a low duty ratio. The main and auxiliary switches turn the ZCZVT conditions on and off. Thus, the proposed converter has high efficiency. The voltage gain at the steady state is derived, and the inductor volt?second balance and the design guidelines are presented. Finally, the performance of the proposed converter is validated by experimental results from a 200 W, 30 V DC input, 400 V DC output, and 200 kHz boost?flyback converter prototype.


The search for fresh or potable water remains a pressing concern throughout many regions of the world. Although most of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans, the effort to provide for the world's inhabitants with fresh or potable water seems to be insurmountable; at least one billion people do not have access to clean and fresh water. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that about 41% of the Earth's population lives in water-stressed areas, and the number of people in the water scarce regions may climb to 3.5 billion by the year 2025. Thus, innovative and cost-effective desalination technologies for producing fresh water are needed to provide practical solutions.


Schiff's bases constitute a class of pharmaceutical and medicinally important molecules. The conventional methods for the synthesis of Schiff's bases require long reaction times and use of organic solvents.Conventionally, synthesis of Schiff base is carried out with or without acid catalyst by refluxing the mixture of aldehyde (or ketone) and an amine in organic medium. The utilization of green chemistry techniques are dramatically reduces chemical wastes and reaction time as recently hasbeen proven in several organic synthesis and chemical transformations. The objective ofthe present research consists of green methodologies for synthesis of Schiff base. Thus, the present study involves the use of gooseberryextract, as natural acid catalysts for the synthesis of Schiff base from benzaldehyde and p-toluidine. The Schiff base synthesised from gooseberry extract is characterized by UV-Visible and FT-IR spectral techniques. The antimicrobial efficacy of this Schiff base is tested against bacteria and fungi and it shows slight activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Aspergillus flaves.Compared with traditional methods, this methodis more convenient, low cost, simple to run, provide higher yield and shows maximum efficiencywith reduced reaction time.


Nano-selenium has a greater potential than inorganic selenium in preventing selenium-deficiency diseases due to its higher safety. In this study, spherical nano-selenium particles (53.8 nm) were prepared using sodium selenite, ascorbic acid and chitosan. Selenium-enriched soy sauces were prepared by soaking soybean in nano-selenium and sodium selenite solutions (2–10 mg/L), respectively. Total selenium and organic selenium contents of soy sauces prepared by nano-selenium and sodium selenite were increased by 32–191-fold and 29–173-fold compared to the control (without selenium), and organic selenium accounted for over 90% of total selenium. Soy sauce prepared using 6 mg/L nano-selenium had the strongest antioxidant activities, which were 9.25–28.02% higher than the control. Nano-selenium (6 mg/L) markedly enhanced the koji's enzyme activities (9.76–33.59%), then the latter promoted the release of total phenolics (27.54%), total flavonoids (27.27%) and the formation of free amino acids (16.19%), Maillard reaction products (24.50%), finally the antioxidant activities of selenium-enriched soy sauce were enhanced.


O NE IS OFTEN ASKED "What is an Analyst?" "What must he know?" "Should he merely boast instinctive perception, or must learning confer the right to authoritative opinions?" Once upon a time the query was "What is a physician?" That was long ago, when amulets and talismen supposedly acted as antidotes for pain. Gradually the art of healing advanced, and medicine assumed the standing of an undeniable profession. Science, it has been told, unfolds slowly; the time is near when few will regard analysts as innovations. Moreover all will know that, to attain the ability to recognize symptoms of business changes, or determine the soundness of corporations, involves years of preparation. The financial analyst is the diagnostician of the economy.


Marc De Vos teaches labour law at Ghent University, and is also director of the 'independant' think tank Itinera. Citing Winston Churchill he predicts "blood, sweat and tears" because of the enormous budget deficit, economic crisis and aging population. Without going into detail, he proposes to reform Belgian social security, the labour market, labour costs, postponing pensions a.o. He omits however the billions of net profit that corporations make, as well as the 11.5-13.5 billion euro government support to private industry, not including 20 billion support to failing banks. Tax fraud in Belgium was recently estimated at 20 billion euro. Considering the latter figures, the government budget might easliy be equilibrated and the lowest pensions and welfare might be raised. De Vos published numerous books and artikels in local magazines, but no A1 papers according to Web of science. In comparison we give the number of A1 articles and citations from other Belgian and foreign economists, including Krugman and Stiglitz. Paper is followed by discussion from readers.


For the purpose of synthesis of tetrahalophthalonitrile by vapor phase cataly tichalogenation of phthalonitrile, thermal halogenation of phthalonitrile and the activity of various substances for catalytic halogenation were investigated. The reaction velocity of vapor phase thermal bromination was far slower than that of thermal chlorination. Initial activity of metal halides such as ferric chloride or cupric chloride was fairly large but it was not found suitable to be used because a metal phthalocyanine was formed by the reaction of the metal salts with ophthalonitrile, resulting in the rapid decrease of catalyst activity. Although an initial activity of alumina gel was large but it showed decrease in activity during the reaction. Activated carbon became less active during the reaction due to the lower stability of brominated product in bromination compared with the chlorinated product but it showed no decrease in activity in case of chloriination, gave the yield over 90% of tetrachlorophthalonitrile and was found to be the most superior catalyst for this purpose.


ABSTRACT In this paper we focus on coastal blue spaces and the ways in which they have been advocated as beneficial for health and wellbeing in the context of leisure practices. We offer a reassessment of some of the claims made in this growing body of literature, highlighting the diverse cultural practices at the coast across different geographical contexts, particularly for those communities that have experienced exclusion due to ethnicity, culture, and income. We then discuss conceptions of coastal blue space and wellbeing within the context of Aotearoa New Zealand, a bi-cultural nation in which indigenous knowledges connected to both wellbeing and leisure in the outdoor world are impacting dominant (white, colonial) discourses, policies and practices. We illustrate that a Māori world view embraces different practices and assumptions about what water means and how relationships with water are made including through leisure practices. Aotearoa New Zealand provides a revealing cultural context for re-assessing and indeed challenging Eurocentric assumptions about blue spaces as sites of wellbeing. More widely we suggest that it is timely to anchor blue space and wellbeing research to different 'worlds'; that looking in to reach out and expanding research agendas is a useful and important enterprise.


Purpose : To analyze the effect of COVID-19 sanitary measures on Pacific white shrimp aquaculture productivity. Methodological design : A total of 102 managers, whose average age was 45.4 years (SD=8.85), were surveyed. 101 aquaculture farms in the State of Sinaloa were taken into consideration for this study. The farms are located in the cities of Ahome, Guasave, Angostura, Navolato, Elota, Cospita, Culiacan, Mazatlan, El Rosario and Escuinapa. A structural equation model was used for the analysis of the results with the objective of testing the effect of the preventive measures of COVID-19 on the productivity of shrimp aquaculture. Results : The confirmatory factor analysis proved that COVID-19 preventive measures positively and significantly influence shrimp productivity. By adopting sanitary measures, organizations not only buffer against the negative impact of the pandemic, but can also stimulate effective responses for good productive performance. Research limitations : The size of the sample comprised by the organizations studied, limits the scope in generalizing the results on a large scale; however, certain data can be utilized by aquaculture organizations in Sinaloa. Findings : Agri-food systems should take advantage of the juncture which the disease -COVID-19- is leaving worldwide since its optimal functioning will contribute not only to the growth of the organizations but also to regional development.


Transportation system has a close bearing on the prosperity of society. However, transportation infrastructures are highly vulnerable to extreme events. Therefore, identifying the most critical component of the transportation system is among the first priorities of transportation network planners and managers. This paper proposes a novel framework to identify the most vulnerable component for a road transportation system. A key characteristic of vulnerability assessment is the travelers' response to the changes in the transportation network topology and capacity after an extreme event. Hence, the problem is formulated as a nonlinear programme with equilibrium constraints, considering travelers' route choice behavior. In the methodology, two types of vulnerability measures are developed to assess the vulnerability of road transportation system, namely, system travel time-based vulnerability (STTV) and system emissions-based vulnerability (SEV). The former is developed on the basis of short-term planning, while the latter is put forward on the basis of long-term planning. With these vulnerability measures, the proposed framework is then demonstrated using an extended Nguyen-Dupuis network under different demand levels and different capacity degradation levels, taking into account two modes: bus and car. The results indicate that different vulnerability measures can identify similar vulnerable components. Moreover, it is shown that the SEV can find more critical components than the STTV regardless of capacity degradation or demand growth. Our research helps to create a recovery plan by assigning priority to the critical transportation infrastructures.


Coherent time is a characteristic time in the extreme nonlinear optics regime and thus generally introduced as the dephasing time in the simulations of the solid-state high-harmonic generation. This characteristic time linked with the coherent decay of quantum trajectory controls the emergence of the spectral splittings in the high harmonic spectroscopy, which can been attributed to the temporal interference between two adjacent harmonic emission channels. To reproduce the harmonic peaks and spectral splittings, a temporal two-slit interference model in the momentum space is introduced. In addition, mechanisms of spectral splitting provide a state-of-the-art avenue to probe the characteristic elapse between electron and hole. Based on the subfemtosecond resolution of the spectral interference opening and closing zones in the wavelength-dependent high-order harmonic spectra, we also propose an alternative scheme to probe the dephasing time of crystals by the feasible laser pulses in present experimental setups.


Recent experimental literature in labor economics shows that fairness concerns make a substantial difference for working decisions. Our study systematically explores how the existence of multiple fairness foci influences wage setting and acceptance thresholds. Particularly, we focus on the effect of horizontal fairness concerns, i.e., the wage comparison among employees. For our experiment, we use an institutional design of wage negotiations among employers, employees and temporary agency workers. Working agencies hire these workers and rent them out to firms. Thereby, we create a heterogeneous background of the labour force. Although temporary agency workers do the same work, typically, they receive lower wages due to the intermediate agency. The results of our laboratory experiments indicate that the availability of information concerning co-employee's wage offers strongly influences the wage set and participants' acceptance of contracts. Whereas the relation of average wages is not influenced by the order of the decisions, the absolute level of wages is dependent on the decisions. We find that temporary agency workers who decide on a wage offer after permanent employees receive a premium in addition to their wages, while permanent employees take a cut in wages if they get their wage offer after temporary workers have decided on their offers. These results are more influenced by self-regarding social comparison preferences than by other-regarding horizontal fairness concerns.


Studies of the dimensions of religiosity have reached a point where they can be used not merely for the identification of dimensions but also for advancing research in many aspects of the sociology of religion. The results of a study with a sample of Catholics in a Midwest city indicate that: (1) consequential scales must be broken down into individual and social consequences; (2) the individual consequences dimension correlates positively with dimensions measuring orthodoxy, devotionalism, and comfort-seeking whereas the social consequences dimension correlates negatively with orthodoxy and comfort-seeking; (3) the relationship between devotionalism and social consequences is curvilinear with the most and least devotional scoring highest on social consequences; and (4) attitudes on birth control are independent of the other dimensions The primary interest of this study is to conceptualize and measure the consequential aspects of religion. There have been many attempts to measure the dimensions of religiosity, particularly as it has become more apparent that religion cannot be treated as a unidimensional phenomenon (Allport and Ross, 1967; Faulkner and DeJong, 1966; DeJong, Faulkner, and Warland, 1973; Glock, 1962; King, 1967; King and Hunt, 1972; Lenski, 1961; Monaghan, 1967; Stark and Glock, 1968). The five dimensions presented by Stark and Glock have proven to be the most widely cited and replicated group of dimensions. The first four of these dimensions are religious beliefs, practices, knowledge, and experience. In the fifth or "consequential" dimension, Stark and Glock group the effects of the first four dimensions in the day-to-day lives of persons. Faulkner and DeJong (1966) cite particular problems with the conceptualization and measurement of the consequential dimension and note that it has low correlations with the other dimensions. Many researchers simply give up on this dimension. At this point, it appears useful to


The aim of the present study was to (i) evaluate the predictive value of serum CA-125 in women with threatened abortions. (ii) to assess the value of maternal serum CA-125 levels in predicting the pregnancy outcome in patients with threatened abortion. The study design is a prospective study from November 2010 – July 2012. The study populations includes 23 pregnant women with threatened abortion as cases and 27 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancy as controls. The cases were subdivided into threatened abortion (12) and threatened ongoing (11). CA-125 levels estimated by ECLIA. CA-125 more than 125 U/ml as taken as the cutoff value out of the 12 patients in the threatened aborted group, 4 patients (33.33%) had serum CA-125 levels > 125 U/ml. In the threatened ongoing group who continued their pregnancy all except one (90%) had serum CA-125 levels < 125
U/ml. Out of 27 patients forming the controls, all had serum CA-125 levels < 125 U/ml. Thus the difference in the maternal serum levels of CA-125 between the viable and the non-variable pregnancies were found to be highly significant statistically (P=0.006). Present study shows a distinct elevation of CA-125 levels in pregnancies destined to be lost. Thus CA-125 levels estimation is a good tool in first trimister threatened abortions.


To assess whether number of years since time of injury, level or degree of injury, gender or age influence renal function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), single and total kidney effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was measured in 66 patients using 99 Tc m -mercaptoacetyltriglycine ( 99 Tc m -MAG3). In approximately 50% of the SCI patients, the single kidney ERPF was less than 250 ml min - 1 and total ERPF was less than 500 ml min - 1 . The single kidney ERPF was worse in female and older SCI patients than in male and younger patients. For total ERPF, age only was a significant factor. Total ERPF was worse in female than in male SCI patients, though this did not reach significance. We conclude that the non-invasive measurement of renal function using 99 Tc m -MAG3 is safe and applied easily to SCI patients.


Efficiency of industrial production lines is crucial as it results in an improved production and utilization of available resources. Industry companies are constantly looking for new ways to improve workplace efficiency. Manufacturing industry trends to employ more flexible assembly cells with changes in programs and configurations for robots, and to achieve a high manufacturing efficiency. The various problems inherent in current mechanized product assembly are outlined, and potential organizational, technological, and engineering measures aimed at increasing the efficiency of product assembly are examined. Future developments in automated assembly are predicted. In order to improve the effectiveness of the cell, it is important to recognize measure and reduce losses in the assembly cell. The most effective method is to analyze the OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness) of the cell. It is developed design of assembly system under the project an intelligent assembly cell at the Institute of Production Systems and Applied Mechanics where after process running and debugging, based on the process analysis was evaluated, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of the cell. Deployment of monitoring, visualization and simulation are predicted defects that reduce overall system effectiveness. The project is aiming to develop an efficient intelligent manufacturing system integrating real time data collection, simulation, optimization and synthesis.


Ring chromosome 9 is a rare chromosomal abnormality. The severity and nature of symptoms vary according to the structural abnormalities. Here, we report a case of a patient with neurological and malformative syndrome caused by a ring of chromosome 9 associated with partial 9p deletion. The 1-year-old child had a general hypotonia at birth regressed to peripheral hypotonia and normal axial tonus, psychomotor retardation, weight retardation, microcephaly and trigonocephaly, facial dysmorphia, flattened neck, abnormal nipple spread, dorsal kyphosis, white line hernia, ectopic testis and cardiac malformation cured at the age of 1 year, no other signs detectable. The standard constitutional karyotype revealed a ring of chromosome 9 with a deletion of the region pter-22p: 46,XY,r(9)(p22;q34). The chromosomal abnormality was homogeneous. The genetic counseling remains incomplete due to the absence of the parents' karyotype. The cardinal traits reported in the ring chromosome 9 and chromosome 9p deletion syndrome were observed in our patient such as hypotonia, psychomotor retardation, microcephaly and trigonocephaly. Indeed, the deleted region contains numerous genes involved in the neurological manifestations and cranial dysmorphia including: CER1, FREM1, NFIB, GLDC, VLDLR, FOXD4, SMARCA2 and KANK1. Microarray analysis is important in order to detect the deleted segment and thereby the deleted genes.
The ring chromosome 9 is characterized by a genotype heterogeneity and a phenotype variability that can be due to multiple factors: loss or gain of genetic material, mitotic disruption, ring chromosome instability. Genotype-phenotype correlation could provide reliable information for genetic diagnosis, genetic counseling and clinical management.

Keywords: Chromosome 9, Ring, Deletion, Phenotype, Genotype.


THE PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE WAS TO DEVELOP IMPROVED METHODS OF CONDUCTING EFFICIENT AND ECONOMICAL HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE. THIS WAS ACCOMPLISHED BY STUDYING THE METHODS USED BY THE STATE'S MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL AND THE RESULTANT PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPARING THESE METHODS WITH THOSE OF OTHER STATES. TRAINING MATERIALS INCORPORATING THE BEST OF ARKANSAS'S METHODS WITH OTHER IDEAS WERE DEVELOPED AND TAILORED TO THE NEEDS OF THE MAINTENANCE DIVISION. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION WERE STUDIED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS TO DETERMINE THE BEST MEANS OF CONVEYING INFORMATION ACQUIRED DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROJECT. EVALUATION PROCEDURES WERE SET UP ON A RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY BASIS, ESTABLISHING A SOLID BASIS OF COMPARISON FOR JUDGING ACCOMPLISHMENT AMONG THE RANKS OF MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL. /FHWA/


Recently, a 'bandpass' non-Foster negative capacitor with improved stability properties, intended for use in active metamaterials and antennas, has been introduced. Here, a simple extension that enables stable switchable negative/zero/positive capacitance operation, is proposed. The basic idea was verified by realistic SPICE simulations.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing light olefins, which comprises: (a) passing oxygen-containing feedstock into a reactor for converting oxygen-containing compounds to olefins, such that the oxygen-containing feedstock comes into contact with a molecular sieve-based catalyst and is converted to light olefins, which come out of said reactor in the form of an effluent stream; (b) dividing the effluent stream into a first stream of light olefins and a first stream containing C4 or heavier hydrocarbons separate from the first stream; (c) selective hydrogenation and subsequent cracking of the first stream containing C4 or heavier hydrocarbons to obtain a first effluent stream of cracking gases containing light olefins; (d) separate cracking of the hydrocarbon stream to obtain a second effluent stream of cracking gases containing light olefins; (e) combined fractionation of he first and second effluent streams of cracking gases to obtain a second stream containing light olefins, separate from the second stream containing C4 or heavier hydrocarbons; (f) combined treatment of the first and second streams containing light olefins to remove acidic gases and obtain a treated stream; (g) dividing the treated stream into an ethylene product stream, a propylene product stream and a stream containing C4 hydrocarbons; and (h) optional selective hydrogenation of the stream containing C4 hydrocarbons, and subsequent fraction of the optionally selectively hydrogenated stream to separate a 2-butene stream from the first 1-butene stream. The invention also relates to a method of extracting 1-butene from a stream of C4 hydrocarbons, which uses the method described above. EFFECT: method is an improved process of obtaining light olefins through smart combination of an apparatus for converting oxygen-containing compounds to olefin with a hydrocarbon pyrolysis apparatus. 17 cl, 4 dwg


Objective:To study the nursing care of multisite cardiac pacemaker implantation in treat cardiac arrhythmia and dilated cardiomyopathy.Methods:On the different basis of partient health problems,gave nursing care by apply nursing process.Carry out health edurcation in different period,so that improve the effect of health education and prevent the electrode break off.Results:(1)Au the pacemaker electrodes were at the good place,no broke off or moved away.The sense and the threshold were normal.(2)The patients' cardic function were improved and cardiac arrhythmia were disappear or improved.(3)The wound had no infection.(4)All the patients knew self-supervise and attention knowledge well.Conclusion:Applying nursing proless,keeping right position,keeping intensive observation and giving effective health education are the assurance for the mplantation.


The present situation of the method of sulfide precipitation for the treatment of water polluted with heavy metal ions was introduced.A sulfide( SPHM) for the treatment was prepared.Using SPHM,followed flocculantion,precipitation and filtration,99.6% of the copper ions in the aqueous were removed.Compared with the classic method,it needed lower pH for precipitation,brought easily filtration and a better result in the treatment.


Data collaboration enables multiple parties to pool data for deriving meaningful data insights. However, data misuse and unlawful data collection have led to precautionary measures being imposed by individual organizations to guide against data leakage and abuse. As a response, decentralized federated learning (DFL) has emerged as an attractive paradigm to facilitate data collaboration while being amenable to privacy-preserving data and knowledge sharing, cost reduction, and prediction accuracy improvement. Unfortunately, the participating parties in DFL tend to be heterogeneous with skew datasets and uneven capabilities. Inevitably, training and transmission costs, and the presence of free-riders pose challenges to the adoption and participation of DFL. The absence of centralized parameter servers further exacerbates the problem of evaluating the contribution of each individual party. Therefore, an effective incentive mechanism is essential to promote data collaboration. In this paper, we propose a novel Incentive-aware Decentralized fEderated leArning (IDEA) framework for facilitating data collaboration. Specifically, we first design a customizable reward scheme for heterogeneous parties to optimize their respective objectives such as higher model accuracy, communication efficiency, and computational efficiency. To reward fairly to deserving parties while offering flexibility, we propose a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) incentive mechanism, which enables heterogeneous parties to learn their own optimal collaboration policy. We then design an efficient decentralized data collaboration algorithm that supports the customizable reward scheme based on individual objective-specific collaboration policy. We theoretically prove that the algorithm achieves a Nash equilibrium, which ensures the fairness of the corresponding rewards for parties. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed framework against four baselines on five real-world datasets. The results show that IDEA outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and accumulated reward.


Abstract Objective. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of certain cancers. We assessed the long-term risks of malignancies among patients with IBD in Finland. Methods. A total of 21,964 patients with IBD (16,649 with UC and 5315 with CD) from the database of the Social Insurance Institution were diagnosed in the periods 1987–1993 and 2000–2007 and followed up to the end of 2010 in a linkage with the nationwide Finnish Cancer Registry. The numbers of cancers observed were compared to those expected in general population and expressed as a standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Results. Overall, male patients with CD and UC had a slightly increased risk of malignancies. Patients with UC were found to have an increased risk of colon (SIR 1.81, 95% confidence interval 1.46–2.21), rectal (1.76, 1.35–2.25), biliary tract (7.26, 4.37–11.1), and thyroid cancers (1.93, 1.28–2.79). The risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) was highest among the youngest UC patients. Patients with CD had a significantly increased SIR for cancers of the small intestine (9.97, 4.30–19.6), anus (9.51, 1.96–27.8), and biliary tract (4.93, 1.02–14.4), and also for myeloma (2.84, 1.14–5.85). In addition, the risk of basal cell skin cancer was increased in IBD (1.29, 1.16–1.43). Males with UC had a slightly decreased risk of lung and prostate cancers. Conclusions. The incidence of cancer among male patients with CD and CU was higher than that in general population. Patients with UC are at increased risk for CRC and biliary tract cancers. CRC risk was highest in the youngest patients.