Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have gained popularity because their reconfigurability can speed up development and verification with relatively low cost. However the deep level of understanding required on hardware logic programming has discouraged many software engineers. An interface between host devices and FPGAs to enable designing and programming FPGAs using a software programming standard and encapsulating hardware details is much desired. In this paper we evaluate leveraging Open Computing Language (OpenCL) to rapidly design FPGAs, considering both hardware logic utilization efficiency and computing performance. On a heterogeneous computer system consisting of ARM processors and Altera FPGA, we execute an OpenCL host program on the ARM processors and an OpenCL kernel on the FPGA, to compute a parametrizable two-dimensional Mandelbrot fractal. We explore three design aspects of adjusting OpenCL work-group size, coalescing memory access, and replicating compute units to improve the FPGA computation performance. After optimizing the core algorithm, we efficiently reduced the logic utilization and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) blocks required for a single compute unit, and successfully increased the number of replicated compute units from four to six, thus delivering a 1.5X increase of parallel computation capacity of the FPGA, and improving the computing speed by 1.5X and memory bandwidth by 1.7X.


The kinetics of the reversible reaction

have been studied spectrophotometrically in acid solution under conditions in which both the forward and reverse reactions go to virtual completionand in which the reaction comes to a practical equlibrium. The rates of theforward (Rf) and reverse (Rr) reactions are given by

where f, g, h, u, and v have the values (4 ± 1) × 10−5 mole/1.·s, (4.2 ± 0.2) × 10−5 mole2/1.2·s, (5.0 · 0.3) × 10−7 mole3/1.3·s, (1.1 ± 0.1) × 10−3 1.2/mole2·s, and (3.7 ± 0.2) × 10−3 1.3/mole3·s at 298.2°K and at an ionic strength of 2.00M maintained by adding sodium chloride. The stoichiometric equilibrium constant under similar conditions is 0.022 ± 0.003. Differentvalues of these parameters were obtained when sodium perchlorate and sodiumnitrate were used to control ionic strength.

The results are compared with those from previous reports and a mechanism is proposed based upon an initial rapid equilibrium

followed by a rate-determining attack of water upon H3AsO3I+, H2AsO3I, and HAsO3I−.


DIET is still the most important oral antidiabetic agent, and is the only treatment that many diabetics require, in addition to weight reduction if they are obese. All hypoglycremic agents for use by the oral route are suitable for selected patients only-in general these are patients over 40 years of age who have had diabetes mellitus for less than ten years, who require less than 40 units of insulin per day and who are not acidosisprone. Occasionally, patients with a greater insulin requirement can be successfully treated with tablets, provided they are not acidosis-prone.


A method for producing a briquette for use as a metal raw material, which comprises subjecting a material containing a metal powder for recycling to compression molding to prepare a porous material, and charging the resultant porous material into a tubular member and blowing a hot air into the tubular member, to thereby dry the porous material. The above method improves the drying efficiency for the porous material, and simplifies the constitution of an apparatus to be used and allows the reduction of the area required for the installment of the apparatus, while shortening the time for drying, which results in allowing the lowering of the running and initial costs for the production of a briquette.


Concerned with historical change, this book is seen through the eyes of the people themselves, through the tools they used, through the food they ate, through the buildings in which they lived and worked. It provides an awareness of the past that has shaped our countryside.


Huaibei City is a typical example of resource-based city in China.This paper analyses the problems of sustainable development in resourced-based city by taking Huaibei as an example.Based on the analysis of the present situation and characteristics of the economy in Huaibei City, this paper points out the main problems existing in the industrial structure and brings up the countermeasures.


For many years there has been discussion about the definitions and issues at stake in entrepreneurship research. Adding a social or societal element does little to clarify matters, even in the emerging field of social or societal entrepreneurship and social enterprises. In this chapter, the use of these conceptualizations in theory as well as practice, is elaborated on primarily in a Swedish setting; however, as we will see, similar expressions are just as relevant in other countries. The aim here is to chart this emerging field with an eye to the critical discussions of tensions and priorities.


This experiment was carried out to compare the palatability and feeding of the phargmites prosturatus silage with those of corn silage. The results obtained in this experiment were as follows; 1. Tire crude protein in the chemical composition of the phragmites profturatus silage way higher than the control lot and it was found good quality. 2. The organic acid of the Phragmites prosturatus silage and the PH was similar to control lot and the silage quality by KIRSCH method was good quality. 3. The palatability of phragmites pro. silage was similar to control lot and it was not significant. 4. The body weight of phragmites pro. silage was similar to control lot and it way not significant. It is concluded that the phragmites prosturatus silage could be utilized on equal feed as corn silage.


The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the sociodemographics, disease burden, and treatment patterns of patients with episodic and chronic migraine in the United States.


We are pleased to present this special issue on experience and design methods. This issue has its origins in a workshop organised by Ron Wakkary, Thecla Schiphorst and Jim Budd (2004), titled 'Cross-dressing and border crossing: exploring experience methods across disciplines', held as part of the ACM SIGCHI 2004 conference in Vienna, Austria. The workshop was to all appearances among the strangest gatherings at SIGCHI 2004. Blindfolded researchers were spied wandering the fluorescent-lit lower concourse of the Austria Center in Vienna, or dashing from table to food-court table in a tag-like game whose rules remained obscure. But the playful, seemingly aimless movement of the participants belied a serious purpose. The practice of designing interactive objects, environments and systems has outgrown its roots in Human Computer Interaction (HCI), with its residual load of cognitive science. We engage in interactive experiences out of choice, in search of the pleasures of the mind and senses we have hitherto found in performance, art or our experience of architectural spaces. For the workshop organisers and participants, a provocation is required: hence, cross-dressing, the opportunity to try on new roles and experience design methods coming from art and design— disciplines often marginalised by the research community. The workshop received an overwhelming response and unfortunately only about fifteen percent of the position papers submitted were accepted. The Experience and design methods: cross-dressing and border-crossings


Ectopic impaction of mandibular second molars is a rare and challenging dental anomaly, often requiring a multidisciplinary treatment approach.1-5 Solutions involving surgical repositioning alone have caused side effects that may affect long-term tooth vitality.6-11 Therefore, the accepted approach has been to combine orthodontic and surgical procedures, with careful anchorage planning to avoid undesirable vertical tooth movements.12-16 Skeletal anchorage has proven to be a reliable method of maintaining the archform while allow- ing segmental orthodontic treatment in these cases.17-25
Another alternative is to extract the impacted second molar and move the third molar orthodon- tically. Although such a method can simplify the orthodontic mechanics, it requires a more invasive surgical procedure. The success of the treatment plan will depend on proper timing and biomechanics.
Three major factors complicate treatment of a deeply impacted molar:
 tooth's center of rotation.
 an impacted tooth. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed an auxiliary system consisting of a sec- tion of mesh,* a 150g nickel titanium closed-coil spring,** and a titanium miniscrew. We call the system the G-Molar-Up.


The probability of joint occurrences of astronomical tides, meteorological residues and windgenerated waves is examined by analysing simultaneous sea-level and wave-height data recorded at A Coruna from 1992 to 1996. Attention is focused on the existence of a possible statistical dependence among these parameters. Furthermore, marginal distributions for each of these parameters are examined.


Mycelial growth rate of single spore isolate of 17 strains of Alternaria brassicae on PDA medium was measured under different temperatures. Results showed that growth rates of different isolates under the same temperature varied significantly. Three degrees of growth rate could be recognized according to Duncan's test. The rate of the fastest was 4.7 higher than that of the slowest. The optimum growth temperature also differed significantly among 17 isolates, and their average optimum growth temperature is 25℃. Six temperature types could be divided according to the response to the temperature, i.e.: Ⅰ. Insensitive low temperature type; Ⅱ. Sensitive sub-low temperature type; Ⅲ. Insensitive sub-low temperature type; Ⅳ. Sensitive moderate temperature type; Ⅴ. Insensitive moderate temperature type; Ⅵ. Insensitive sub-high temperature type. This distinction provdes useful information for selecting proper inoculation temperature in resistance screening test.


The aim of this study is to explore the different hands-on activities with its common tool, and scientific skills acquired by the students amidst pandemic. The study have used narrative – inquiry research design where short-answer type essay was used as the main instrument in gathering the required data. There are twenty junior high school students who was exposed to modular approach during that have participated in the study and purposive sampling was implemented. Findings revealed the following; (a) hands-on activities accomplished, (b) scientific skills learned, (c) scientific skills enhanced, and (d) common tools used. Based from the findings, therefore it concludes that observing and classifying were the most hands-on activities students accomplished in science during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inferring was the Science skill that students greatly enhanced in doing hands-on during the pandemic. And writing tools were the most common tools used to do hands-on activities at home.


Soil solution monitoring aims to understand various temporal scales of soil processes. The first eight years of observation in ABR1 Level II site have brought significant elements of understanding about the shorter temporal scales. It is suggested that certain solutes, regularly produced by forest floor microbial processes, are transferred to the highly mobile portion of the soil solution by a non linear process, producing irregular pulses and creating a strong high frequency component. Seasonal processes remain nonetheless detectable after simple and rough filtering. A multi-year trend of diminished nitrate mineralization and increased pH of forest floor solutions is possible. It is estimated that much more accurate analysis will be possible in a relatively short time span of further monitoring.


In this work, co-implantation of silver and tantalum on TiN coated Ti-6Al-4V surface was carried out by an omnidirectional ion implantation system. The effects of Ag/Ta co-implantation on its biological properties and antibacterial activity were studied. The elemental content was determined by XPS, the biocompatibility was determined by Fibroblast-like cells (L929) and the antimicrobial activity was determined by Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results indicated that Ag/Ta-TiN coating exhibited the good biocompatibility and excellent antibacterial properties, which means that Ag/Ta co-implantation can improve the biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of Ti-6Al-4V.


We report a new method of accurately measuring the mid-infrared absorption of fluid analytes using on-chip waveguides that allows measurements to be referenced for noise and drift reduction whilst using only a single external detector. A silicon-on-insulator waveguide circuit integrated with a microfluidic channel is made in which a pair of switches alternate light between an evanescent absorption sensor waveguide and a reference waveguide at a rate of a few kHz, thus allowing low frequency common noise components to be removed from the measurement, and leading to a reduction in the noise floor by a factor of 11 compared to a simple waveguide absorption sensor. The device was verified by using it to detect an Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) absorption peak at a wavelength of 3.77 µm.


This is an enhanced version of the author's 1998 Harvard Ph.D. thesis, as published by IMRN in 2005. We propose an extension of Bogomolov's conjecture about commutator subgroups of Galois groups to arbitrary fields. A somewhat weaker conjecture is then shown to follow, together with the famous Milnor-Bloch-Kato conjecture, from a certain hypothesis about homological properties of the Milnor K-theory algebras.


judgments based on the Thurstonian category method are linearly related to the logar~rhm of the geometric mean of the magnitude estimation judgments. This relationsh~p has been obtained on a wide variety of nonmetric dimensions (Ekman, 1962; Stevens, 1966). These results imply not only that such scales are unidimensional but also that Thurstone's category method measures equal log ratios rather than equal distances. Thus a magnitude estimation scale, since it does provide a measure of distance, may well be a higher order scale which is readily applicable to subjective attitudinal dimensions. The present investigation was designed to determine whether the expected logarithmic relationship between the two scales would be obtained on a nonmetric dimension called sexual standards. Forty undergraduate students (20 male and 20 female) were presented a list of 24 verbal statements,' each of which described a fairly specific act related to sexual behavior. (An example of an item representing mildly liberal behavior is one involving kissing on a first date; an example of a strongly liberal item is one involving premarital intercourse.) Each of the 24 items was rated in terms of its seriousness or severity relative to "the community code of sexual standards." Half of the students (10 male and 10 female) made judgments based on a 9-point category scale ranging from "extremely serious" to "extremely non-serious." The remaining 20 Ss made magnitude estimation judgments based on a standard item which was arbitrarily assigned a value of 10. The 24 mean category judgments were plotted against the logarithms of the 24 geometric means obtained from the magnitude estimation judgments. The plot' revealed an unmistakable linear tendency with relatively small scacter. This logarithmic relationship between the two scales suggests that attitudes regarding various sexual acts can be unidimensionally scaled by the procedure of magnitude estimation.


Purpose – The S-D logic enabled the phenomenological understanding of value cocreation in a service ecosystem which positioned the new forms of value cocreation and resource integration in the cent ...


Experimental aerodynamic characteristics were obtained for a generic, winged, circular-body, single-stage-to-orbit spacecraft configuration. The baseline configuration was longitudinally stable and trimmable at almost all Mach numbers from 0.15 to 10.0--with the exception occurring at low supersonic speeds. Landing speed and subsonic-to-hypersonic longitudinal stability and control appear to be within design guidelines. Lateral-directional instabilities found over the entire speed range, however, create a problem area for this configuration. Longitudinal aerodynamic predictions made utilizing the Aerodynamic Preliminary Analysis System (APAS) were in qualitative, often quantitative agreement with experimental values.


Objective: To investigate postoperative care of rotary drilling suction drainage operation in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage broken into ventricles. Methods: Eighteen patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage broken into ventricle were strictly monitored the vital signs and condition observation. We enhanced to care the ventricular drainage tube,strengthened basic nursing and prevented the complications. The prognosis was assessed by using GOS score system when patients got out of the hospital. Results: Eleven of eighteen patients recovered well. The two patients were moderate disabilities and one was severe disabilities. The mortality rate was 22. 2%( 4 /18). Conclusion: We should closely watch for a sudden post operative change,ensure the patency of the drainage tube. The anticipatory nursing measure for patients was carried out. We prevented the complication actively for patients. This can reduce the morbidity and mortality,improve the patient's quality of life.


ABSTRACT The italian zucchini is a vegetable of national importance, much appreciated, which requires techniques that aim to increase production in less space. Plant spacing can influence the development of plants and the fruit production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Italian zucchini cultivars as a function of plant spacing. The experimental design was a randomized blocks in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of a combination of two cultivars of zucchini (Alícia and Caserta) and four spacings between plants (0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 m). The evaluated characteristics were: total number of fruits plant-1, number of commercial fruits plant-1, total productivity, commercial and non commercial, fresh mass of commercial fruits and dry mass of the plant. The cultivars responded differently to spacings between plants. The Alicia hybrid showed higher commercial yield, 28,490.5 kg ha-1 at spacing of 0.64 m between plants and Caserta cultivar, 26,398.8 kg ha-1 at spacing of 0.4 m.


This presentation described the findings of evaluations at one and one-half years after the devastating earthquake in Armenia of children, younger adults and elderly from three cities at increas-ing distances from the epicenter. Subjects were evaluated for post-traumatic stress reactions (PTSD). Among children, there was a strong positive correlation between dose of exposure (nearness to the epicenter) and the overall severity of post-traumatic stress reaction, as well as severity of core component symptoms of PTSD. Very high rates of chronic, severe post-trau-matic stress reactions were identified among children in the two most dam-aged cities, Spitak and Gumri. Analyses controlling for exposure indicated that girls reported more persistent fears as compared with boys. natural severe post-trau-matic stress individuals. overall severity of post-traumatic stress reaction, a signif-icant in symptom profile was found for the elderly in comparison with younger adults, with the elderly scoring higher on arousal and lower on intrusive symptoms. Death of a nuclear family member was associated significantly with a more severe post-traumatic stress reaction. The severity profile of post-traumatic of adults High rates of severe post-traumatic stress reactions in profile attributable to common fea-tures of the exposures, which included experiencing life-threat and witnessing injury, mutilation, and death. Prior exposure to violence contributed to the severity of reaction to the earthquake. These findings indicate that after a catastrophic natural disaster, post-trau-matic reactions in children, adults, and the elderly may reach epidemic propor-tions, remain high for a prolonged period and jeopardize the well-being of the population of a large region. Post-disaster systematic screening for PTSD can provide critical information for a rational, post-disaster, public, mental health program. Abstract United Flight 232 crashed on a runway at the Sioux Gateway Airport, Sioux City, USA, on 19 July, 1989, at 16:01 hours, with 185 survivors and 111 dead. Rescue operations took approximately two hours. The author described the crash, rescue efforts, body recovery, and identification of the dead. He also included comments on the media, secu-rity, critical incident stress and made recom-mendations to all disaster personnel.


The red coloration of the mango 'Irwin' skin is an important factor determining its value in the Japanese domestic luxury fruit market. In the present study, to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis of mango fruit skin, UFGT-like genes were isolated and the expression profile of anthocyanin-related genes was determined. Several UFGT-like genes were identified in transcriptome data of red 'Irwin' mango skin and two genes, MiUFGT1 and MiUFGT3, were considered to be involved in mango skin coloration. Deduced amino acid sequences of these genes exhibited high similarity to other plant UFGTs and contained the conserved PSPG box common to the glycosyltransferase family. The presence of a glutamine and a histidine residue at the C-terminus end of the PSPG box in MiUFGT1 and MiUFGT3, respectively, implied that MiUFGT1 and MiUFGT3 use glucose and galactose, respectively, as a sugar donor; however, the actual function and sugar donor preference of these enzymes remain to be elucidated. Expression analysis of anthocyanin-related genes during skin coloration suggested that MiCHS and MiANS, as well as MiUFGT1 and MiUFGT3, play important roles in the anthocyanin biosynthesis of mango fruit skin and that the expression of these genes is regulated by the MYB transcription factor, as reported in other plant species.


The upfront combination of idelalisib plus rituximab resulted in durable disease control when given to previously untreated elderly patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), according to a new Phase II open-label study published in Blood (2015;126:25). Because CLL mainly affects older adults, patients often have trouble tolerating the standard initial treatment of chemoimmunotherapy, which is associated with significant toxicities. Other alternatives do exist, but tend not to be as potent with less durable responses. This current study, suggests that idelalisib may be a relatively safe and effective option for initial therapy in elderly patients with CLL. "There is a need for a safe, effective, well-tolerated medication for older patients with CLL. So we were motivated to do this study with idelalisib as initial therapy combined with the antibody immunotherapy rituximab, which is very widely used in CLL, and to use that combination to treat previously untreated older individuals," said senior author Steven Coutre, MD, Professor of Medicine in Hematology at the Stanford University Medical Center. "The results were quite impressive in terms of the efficacy, the responses the patients had, and the initial tolerability."


Jojoba plant (Simmondsia Chinensis (link) Schneider), or Ho-Ho-ba or goat nut is a shrub belonging to the Simmondsiaceae family. It is well known as a useful medicinal plant and as a new crop of interest for many industrial purposes.    The present study was carried out duringhe two successive seasons of 2012/ 2013 and 2013/ 2014 in private jojoba farms located as following:  El-Kassasin city, El-Ismailia, Marsa Matroh, El-Sharkia, Asuite and El-Khanka governorates(Egypt). The study focused on studying the effect of the different local growing site of Egypt on the growth and wax production, and aiming to detect the best location for the suitable growing site to produce the best growth and wax yield. Nine jojoba female shrubs were selected in each farm from the growing shrubs depending on its obvious morphological growth characters and the different seeds shape and then they were marked by labels for data measurements. The monthly temperature and relative humidity average during the study seasons of culture were taken and recorded. The physical and chemical properties of the experimental soil were also determined and presented. Growth and flowering characters of jojoba shrubs e.g. plant height and volume [S1] as well as flowering period and fruiting set were greatly altered in relation with the growing location. Indeed, plants grown in upper Egypt Asiut site tended to produce the best growth rate and the extended flowering. Moreover, plants cultivated in El Sharkia and Assiut sites gave the biggest yield of wax, compared to the other cultivation sites, while the lowest yield of wax was from plants cultivated in Marsa Matroh area.  The best level of most of the fatty acid content (Palmitic, Oleic, Nervonic, Gadoleic and Erucic acids) was found in the wax extracted from seeds of shrubs grown in Ismailia growing site. [S1] What do you mean? unclear


Some properties of neurons are discussed which must be considered in formulating models of their interaction. Among these are characteristics of nerve membranes. Under certain weak conditions on the parameters a neural element may behave as a logical element. With other values of the parameters the behavior can be approximated by a continuous model in which only an average output rate is taken into account as a function of the input. This latter approach is stressed here. Applications to a number of psychological problems are mentioned. Among these are a mechanism for response to curvature in movement, enhancement effects, flicker phenomena, discrimination, and detection of real and apparent movement.


Abstract: The 28 accessions of wheat, received from the Division of Evaluation, NBPGR, New Delhi, were evaluated, in Rabi, 2005, 2006 and 2007 in nine environments created by applying three different doses of nitrogen i.e. 120 kg/ha, 140 kg/ha and 160 kg/ha each year, for seven quantitative traits and data were subjected to regression analysis and also the analysis to detect the presence of cross over and non cross over interactions. Five genotypes namely, 15-HRWSN-26, 15-HRWSN-51, 15-HRWSN-57, 37-IBWSN-61 and MF SYCNT 102 were identified to be promising using regression analysis, whereas the genotypes 15-HRWSN-26, 15-HRWSN-76, 37-IBWSN-19, 37-IBWSN-61, 37-IBWSN-90, IC-420742,, 15-HRWSN-67, MF5YCNT 186, 6-EGYPT-7, 15- HRWSN-158, 15-HRWSN-87, 15-HRWSN-37, 15-HRWSN-27, 15-HRWSN-112, 15-HRWSN-31 against check HS 365 had been identified as potential yielder having specific adaptability to higher fertility level on the basis of cross over and non cross over interactions concept. Of these genotypes only two genotypes viz., 15-HRWSN-26 and 37-IBWSN-61 have been identified as high yielding ones having specific adaptability and responsiveness to higher nitrogen regimes by both regression analysis and cross over and non-cross over interaction concepts.


Vedic ritualistic sacrifices have been in vogue in India since time immemorial. Recently they have become very popular around the globe because of their therapeutic values. An important component of these sacrifices are the mantras, which are sound forms reputed to contain mystic energy. The most common sacrifice still being practiced in India is the Agnihotra, which involves ritual offerings to the fire at sunrise and sunset to the accompaniment of specific mantras. This practice was revived in Akkalkot, Maharashtra, and is being popularized throughout the country. In the current investigation, rice seeds were germinated in four rooms in petridishes for a period of 15 days. One room was used as the control with germination under normal conditions. A fire was lit in a second room for a specified period at sunrise and sunset. In a third room, Agnihotra mantras were chanted at the same time of the day, but no fire was lit. The last room was the experimental room, in which the full Agnihotra ritual, with fire and mantra, was conducted at sunrise and sunset.


The symptomatic elongation of a styloid process may explain some instances of pharyngeal and ear pains and some headaches, which have defied exhaustive diagnostic studies. I consider that it is a very neglected otolaryngological entity and that it is very deserving of a niche in the diagnostic armentarium of otolaryngologic practice. I venture to state that most of this group, as medical students, learned something about the styloid process from the anatomy books and the cadaver, but never had the opportunity to put this information into clinical application during the latter part of medical school or during residency training. The otolaryngological textbooks —except for a very few—completely omit any reference to the elongated styloid process, and there has been very little in the literature, even the current journals, to place the proper emphasis on this condition. Radiologists in reporting their findings in skull roentgenograms—seeking for the cause of headaches—fail to


Efficacy trials were conducted on a species of nettle caterpillar that was first found established on the Island of Hawaii in Sept 2001. These caterpillars not only feed on a wide range of plants including palms and grasses, but also possess stinging setae. This bioassay study was conducted at the University of Hawaii, Waiakea Agricultural Research Station near Hilo, Hawaii to evaluate Sevin, Dursban, Decathlon, Conserve, and Dipel at labeled rates for efficacy against the nettle caterpillar. Treatment solutions were applied to Cordyline leaves until runoff as an aerosol propelled spray. After air-drying for 24h, individual leaves with stem ends inside 500 ml flasks with water were placed inside 12 × 12 × 12 inch rearing cages that contained 10 caterpillars. Caterpillars were between the sixth and eighth instar in age. Treatments were replicated four times. Environmental conditions were 75–78°F with 80% RH and a 12:12h (L:D) photoperiod provided by fluorescent lighting. Mortality evaluations, which consisted of light probing of caterpillars with a needle and observing them for movement were conducted 1,3,7, and 14 days after treated leaves were presented to the caterpillars (DAT). Caterpillars that were still alive were observed for feeding activity. Mortality data were arcsine sqrt (p) transformed prior to ANOVA and treatment means were separated by Tukey's multiple comparison procedure with a family error rate of P ≤ 0.05.


Fixing element (1) for mechanical fixing of an electrode plate core (42) of an electrochemical accumulator (30) in a cell space (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56) of a housing (33, 34) of the accumulator (30), wherein the housing (33, 34) comprises one or more cell compartments (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56) and each cell chamber (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56) is adapted for receiving an electrode plate set (42), wherein the fixing element (1) at least one first attachment portion (2, 3) which, for the mechanical fixing of the electrode plate core (42) is set up by direct or indirect mechanical contact therewith, wherein the fixing element (1) in addition to the mechanical fixing of at least one cell connector element ( , 35, 36) of the (from the fixing element 1) is mechanically fixed electrode plate set (42) is arranged wherein the cell connector member (35, 36) adjacent to the electrical contact of the electrode plate core (42) having a en electrode plate set (42) or a connecting pole (31, 32) of the accumulator (30) is provided, and wherein the fixing element (1) for fixing the cell connector member (35, 36) at least one second fixing area (4, 5) which for mechanical fixing of the cell connector element (35, 36) is established by direct or indirect mechanical contact with this, and the fixing element (1) is adapted, in the cell chamber (51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56) above the electrode plate group ( to be placed 42), based on the functional specifications for the normal installation position of an electrochemical accumulator (30), characterized in that the fixing element (1) from above (on the electrode plate set 42) and the at least one cell connector member (35, 36) is placeable and the electrode plate set (42) and the at least one cell connector member (35, 36) between the fixing element (1) and the housing bottom of the accumulator (30) solids is lemmbar.


In this paper I consider the ways in which questions, problems, artistic experiments and 'feedback loops' work in relation to performance process and the ways in which the practitioner navigates and generates knowledgess/discourses and epistemologies in relation to dissemination and institutional expectations. In sharing my development of the Daisy Chain Model as an epistemic approach to mapping and marshalling PaR activity, I will start to consider the ways in which documentation and dissemination situates practice as research within the wider stratosphere of research. I will define and demonstrate the ways in which the 'Daisy Chain Model' can be applied as a strategy to marshal and map the symbiotic relationship between PaR and other research activity. I have devised the 'Daisy Chain Model' by developing Trimingham's, 'Spiral Model' (Trimingham 2002), to suit my own particular PaR needs. Through explicating the nature of the 'Daisy Chain Model' as a model for marshalling, mapping, documenting and reflecting upon PaR I intend to discuss how this might be seen to impact upon the perceived value of the work as research and as performance within the context of Doctoral study in the UK. I will also unfold the ways in which such models can be employed in order to demonstrate the necessary rigour that is an unavoidable aspect of such a context for PaR. I hope to open up a discourse that exposes and challenges the hierarchies of performance as research in HE within the UK context.


For this paper, we evaluated the impact of repetitive cleans on a photomask that was fabricated and patterned for extreme ultraviolet lithography exposure. The lithographic performance of the cleaned mask, in terms of process window and line edge roughness, was monitored with the SEMATECH Berkeley micro-exposure tool (MET). Each process measurement of the cleaned mask was compared to a reference mask with the same mask architecture. Both masks were imaged on the same day in order to eliminate any process-related measurement uncertainties. The cleaned mask was periodically monitored with atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and pattern widths were monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, reflectivity changes were also tracked with the aid of witness plate measurements. At the conclusion of this study, the mask under evaluation was cleaned 22 times; with none of the evaluation techniques showing any significant degradation in performance.


Reveals the results of a survey into what recruiters expected from a Curriculum Vitae (CV). Suggests that certain preferences are in conflict with Equal Opportunities Commission guidelines and the Institute of Personnel Management Code of Practice and that candidates who do not disclose salary details may be disadvantaged. Examines the main findings dealing with personal details, education and training, employment history, remuneration and format and presentation of the CV.


An important intelligent functionality for improving measurement systems is the validation of the returned information. To obtain this validation at the sensor level, it is essential that the sensor produces additional information for this purpose. This aspect follows directly from the measurement method. In this article, we apply these ideas to an ultrasonic range finding sensor dedicated to the navigation of a mobile robot. The original measurement method proposed, based on a modulated emission, provides many configuration parameters influencing the accuracy and detection performances, and two measured parameters linked to the distance to the obstacle. The redundancy between these two parameters allow building a local index of validity of the measured distance. The analog-digital implementation of this measurement method using a microprocessor board 80C196 provides easy observation and adjustment of all the considered parameters. In particular, the theoretical and experimental study of the measurement method configuration parameters leads to a sensor configuration model, whose input is the expected range, and whose output is the set of optimal values of configuration parameters in the sense of a maximal validity index.


The present invention, the hole relates to a tool (1a, 1b, 2) for injection molding an opening device 20 of the plastic into the hole in the packaging material 9 is decided the hole edge (8), the tool hole edge is connected to the second side (9b) parts, as well as the first with the side (9a) portion includes the mold cavity (7) surrounding the hole edge (8), the mold cavity of the packing material inlet for molten plastic a first flow direction 10 and the opposite of the inlet comprises the end gap (11) for extending the wrapping material (9) to the external tool, and wherein the inlet 10 is a flow gap (5), (F According to the invention, the tool (1a, 1b) comprises a throttle lip (12) projecting in a direction matching the inlet 10, in a first flow direction (F1) substantially. The invention also relates to a packaging container having an injection molding method, and an opening device 20, injection molding. Packaging material, opening device, the mold cavity, the throttle lip.


As in other Argentine regions, rural Cordoba was not inhabited by only owners, slaves and labourers. There are also other less visible people that only appear in the folds of the documents other major protagonists. Our goal is analyze the rural word, different power relations, dependency and cooperation that occur between actors. Rural contracts, relations between masters and slaves, disputes about the propieness of land and kinship and proximity. Four main indicators were used. Could be observed each frame complied voltage relationships, power, dependence, cooperation, recognition and protection of the essential forms that characterize the existing social order.


This paper presents a new method to enhance the transient stability of multimachine power system including wind farms, when a severe network disturbance occurs in the power system. For this purpose, the energy capacitor system (ECS) composed of power electronic devices and electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is proposed. The control scheme of ECS is based on a sinusoidal PWM voltage source converter (VSC) and fuzzy logic controlled dc-dc buck/boost converter using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT). Two wind farms are considered to be connected to the power system. Two-mass drive train model of wind turbine generator system (WTGS) is used in the analyses as the drive train modeling has great influence on the dynamic characteristics of WTGS. Real wind speed data are used in the analyses to obtain realistic responses. Different types of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults are considered as the network disturbance. Simulation results clearly show that the proposed ECS can enhance the transient stability of wind generators in multimachine power system as well as their low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability.


The invention relates to a phonetic empathy Hash content authentication method capable of implementing tamper localization. The method comprises the following steps: pre-processing a voice signal, carrying out 10-order linear prediction analysis on each frame of the voice signal, and acquiring an LSP (line spectral pair) coefficient through the discrete Fourier transformation as the empathy characteristics; grouping the voice data in sequence, combining LSP coefficient weighted expectations of each group of the voice data as the final authentication data, and compressing the authentication data volume through a Hash structure; and finally, quickly authenticating the voice contents through the Hash match. The method can keep robustness for the operations such as changing the sound volume, resounding and resampling, is sensitive to malicious operations such as replacement and deletion, can accurately locate the tamper area, has the characteristics of low authentication data volume and high operation efficiency, and is suitable for resource-limited voice communication terminals.


For generalized systems with multisensory and correlated noise,a distributed fusion steady-state reduced-order Kalman filter is presented. Applying the singular value decomposition,it is transformed into two reduced order coupled subsystems.Then the state estimation problems of generalized systems become the normal systems' state estimation problem. The cross-covariance matrix of steady-state reduced-order filtering errors between any two sensor subsystems is derived. At the same time to consider the fusion accuracy and the computational burden,it proposes the Kalman filter weighted by diagonal matrices in the linear minimum variance sense. The proposed steady-state fusion filter method avoids computing covariance matrices and fusion weights at each time step,so the computational burden can be reduced,and convenient to apply in real time. Simulation example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Tungsten oxide thin films with protons intercalated during deposition (Hx WO3) were prepared using reactive direct-current magnetron sputtering in a gas mixture of argon, oxy-gen, and hydrogen. The as-deposited films were tungsten bronze. The concentration of intercalated protons, given by the x -values in Hx WO3, was evaluated by electrochemically ejecting protons from the films. The x -value was proportional to the hydrogen flow ratio at the deposition. The dispersion of the extinction coefficient (κ) of the films was estimated by analyzing the experimental spectra measured with spectroscopic ellipsometry using the model composed of a homogeneous tungsten bronze layer with an additional surface roughness layer. As a result of this analysis, the κ -value increases strongly with intercalated protons, and a linear dependence existed between the x -value and κ -value. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the x -value of the Hx WO3 films using this dependence without ejecting protons. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Dr. Parry's Elements of Pathology and Therapeutics. ( Continued from page 159. ) TV E shall pass entirely over two sections in our author's work?one on the structure and functions of the Nervous System ; the other on the Mental Faculties. In the first are many accurate and ingenious anatomical remarks, tho' we think he has eulogised rather too highly, Messrs. Gall and Spurzheim. In the second, there is much acute reasoning, and much good sense. The following paragraph we extract for Mr. George Nesse Hill and his disciples.


Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) is a form of childhood glaucoma caused by maldevelopment of the anterior chamber. Disease severity differs greatly amongst patients. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a non‐invasive technique that can visualize the anterior segment in infants in vivo. The purpose of this narrative review is to make an overview of the UBM data in PCG and study the applicability of UBM in characterizing the disease.


Despite their too often irrelevant boundaries and a long history of competitiveness, recent activities among the states suggest that they may be beginning to seek new ways of joint problem solving. There are several models of interstate cooperation available, and one, the interstate compact or agreement, is now very much in the forefront as a state-based vehicle to help states work with mutual problems. In the growth and development policy area, beginning with the stimulus of the federal-multistate efforts of the 1960s, new regional interstate organizations have been created to aid states and localities cope with unplanned growth and development. These new agencies do have problems of their own: a new manner of defining regions, a much greater expansion of roles than previous interstate agencies, and, importantly, an uncertain constituency base.


A improved digital signature scheme is proposed base on the elliptic curve digital signature and the knapsack problem.The security of the scheme is set up on the intricate nature of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem and the knapsack problem.By introducing the transformative knapsack problem into the scheme,the security of new scheme one is strengthened.On this base,the original scheme is expanded into a proxy digital signature scheme.Most of the current proxy digital signature schemes are based on the discrete logarithm problem or factoring big integer problem.Compared with them,the new scheme two satisfies the security request of the proxy signature,which possesses better attack resistance and higher practicability.


The radiati on characteristics of a circu lar disc microstrip antenna (COMAS) carrying a narrow slot on its surface are investigated experimentally and measu red results are compared with computed results. The theoretical analysis of this antenna is carried out by applying cavity model-based modal expansion technique. A reasonably good agreement between computed and measured results is recorded which verifies the theoretical formul ation appli ed in thi s work.


This invention discloses a power scaling method based on backspace of power including: backspacing the output power of a scaling signal source and expected scaling power, in which, the backspace volume of the output power is the same with that of the expected scaling power, 2, carrying out power scaling based on the backspaced power of the signal resource and the expected scaling power to get actual scaling power, 3, increasing the actual scaling power, and the volume of which is equal to the backspace volume. This invention also discloses a power scaling device.


IFN- g –inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is an enzyme located in the Lamp-2–positive compartments of APC. GILT 2 / 2 mice are phenotypically normal, but their T cells exhibit reduced proliferation to several exogenously administered Ags that include cysteine residues and disulfide bonds. We undertook the present studies to determine if GILT 2 / 2 mice would process exogenously administered myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), which contains disulfide bonds, to generate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to the endogenous protein. One possibility was that MOG 35–55 peptide would induce EAE, but that MOG protein would not. GILT 2 / 2 mice were relatively resistant to MOG 35–55 -induced EAE but slightly more susceptible to rat MOG protein-induced EAE than wild-type (WT) mice. Even though MOG 35–55 was immunogenic in GILT 2 / 2 mice, GILT APCs could not generate MOG 35–55 from MOG protein in vitro, suggesting that the endogenous MOG protein was not processed to the MOG 35–55 peptide in vivo. Immunization of GILT 2 / 2 mice with rat MOG protein resulted in a switch in pathogenic mechanism from that seen in WT mice; the CNS infiltrate included large numbers of plasma cells; and GILT 2 / 2 T cells proliferated to peptides other than MOG 35–55 . In contrast to WT rat MOG-immunized mice, rat MOG-immunized GILT 2 / 2 mice generated Abs that transferred EAE to MOG 35–55 -primed GILT 2 / 2 data suggested that the mechanism of EAE in rratMOG-immunized GILT 2 / 2 mice might differ from that of WT mice. Exogenous MOG 35–55 is immunogenic in GILT 2 / 2 mice but GILT 2 / 2 APCs cannot generate MOG 35–55 peptide from rat MOG


This study analyses the performance characteristics of combined variable ceiling and floor-based air distribution systems in an office room using a numerical method to optimize the level of thermal comfort and indoor air quality. To validate the computational fluid dynamics simulations, temperature, air velocity and CO2 concentration were measured and compared. The simulation results of various combinations of ceiling and floor-based air distribution systems show that the exhaust should be located above the occupant and the window in summer; due to the large thermal plume as heat sources that could be generated by the window and the occupant. Whereas in winter, the supply should be located on the ceiling far from the window and the exhaust should be positioned on the floor near the occupant; as the downward airflow around the cold window surface would become more dominant when compared to the upward airflow associated with any other heat sources. The results have indicated that having both ceiling and floor-based air conditioning systems would allow the flexibility to change supply and exhaust air diffuser locations to optimize thermal and ventilation performance more efficiently in countries that are subject to distinct seasonal changes.


This paper studies a cluster robust variance estimator proposed by Chiang, Hansen and Sasaki (2022) for linear panels. First, we show algebraically that this variance estimator (CHS estimator, hereafter) is a linear combination of three common variance estimators: the one-way individual cluster estimator, the"HAC of averages"estimator, and the"average of HACs"estimator. Based on this finding, we obtain a fixed-b asymptotic result for the CHS estimator and corresponding test statistics as the cross-section and time sample sizes jointly go to infinity. Furthermore, we propose two simple bias-corrected versions of the variance estimator and derive the fixed-b limits. In a simulation study, we find that the two bias-corrected variance estimators along with fixed-b critical values provide improvements in finite sample coverage probabilities. We illustrate the impact of bias-correction and use of the fixed-b critical values on inference in an empirical example from Thompson (2011) on the relationship between industry profitability and market concentration.


Virtually all Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations produce a real-time display known as an Observed-Minus-Calculated (OMC) plot. In such a plot, illustrated in Figure 1, the horizontal axis displays the elapsed time during the track while the vertical axis displays the measured ranges to the target plus any false alarms as points on the plot. The vertical axis is dynamically centered on the predicted round trip time to the target while the vertical width of the display corresponds to the range gate width, τg, which is chosen to reflect the a priori uncertainty in the range to the target. If we could predict the satellite orbits perfectly, the signal data would appear on our OMC plot as a narrow horizontal band in the center of a very narrow range gate. The width of the band, δ, would represent the overall timing precision of our instrument (including target effects) which, for modern SLR systems would have a total width between 3σ points on the order of 0.5 nsec or less for geodetic satellites. In reality, there is always a range bias (which moves the data vertically within that gate) and a time bias which, when multiplied by the range acceleration, introduces a slope σ in the OMC data display.


Objective
To analyze the clinical features of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction(MI)in female patients.

Methods
A total of 452 patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)underwent emergency coronary angiography were retrospectively enrolled in this study in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University from September 2014 to December 2016.All patients were divided into two groups based on gender, with 102 patients in female group and 350 patients in male group.Clinical data, coronary angiography results, laboratory tests, parameters of cardiac structure and function and in-hospital mortality were collected and analyzed.

Results
Compared with male group, onset age was significantly older in female group [(66.4±10.6)yrs vs.(58.4±11.1)yrs, P<0.001], time to visiting doctor was longer [(4.6±4.9)h vs.(2.6±1.9)h, P<0.001], and the GRACE score was higher(206.5±45.1 vs.186.7±50.5, P<0.001). Meanwhile, single vessel lesion in female was significantly fewer(14.7% vs. 32.6%, P=0.037), while incidence of postoperative slow flow and IABP use was higher(11.8% vs. 4.6%, P=0.008, 11.8% vs. 5.4%, P=0.026). In addition, the peak of creatine kinase-MB, high sensitivity cardiac troponin I and B-type natriuretic peptide were significantly higher in females than those in male, while left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in female than that in male(53.9%±10.3% vs. 57.9%±8.2%, P<0.001). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the female group than male group(7.8% vs.2.3%, P=0.013).

Conclusions
Female with acute STEMI were usually older, longer time to visit, severer coronary lesions, higher incidence of slow blood flow, poor cardiac function and higher risk of in-hospital mortality.

Key words:
Acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; Female; Coronary angiography; Slow reflow


Many game scholars claim that the emergent authorship opportunities provided within The Sims may lead to positive game play outcomes. This study hypothesizes that narratives told by game players may be similar to narratives told in real life and explores 66 Sims narratives via McAdams criteria of a good myth (1997). Results suggest that most people who play The Sims do not naturally adhere to the criteria of a good myth when developing their narrative, however, over half the narratives met some of the criteria. Our results suggest that The Sims has the potential to serve as a narrative studio for personal myth development but that some kind of intervention or scaffolding may need to be provided. The concept of psychosocial moratorium (McAdams, 1997) is suggested as one possible strategy professionals in multiple disciplines may use to promote The Sims as a narrative studio for myth development. Suggestions for future research are also provided.


By employing a path integral formulation, we obtain the entropy production rate for a system of active Ornstein–Uhlenbeck particles (AOUP) both in the presence and in the absence of thermal noise. The present treatment clarifies some contraddictions concerning the definition of the entropy production rate in the AOUP model, recently appeared in the literature. We derive explicit formulas for three different cases: overdamped Brownian particle, AOUP with and without thermal noise. In addition, we show that it is not necessary to introduce additional hypotheses concerning the parity of auxiliary variables under time reversal transformation. Our results agree with those based on a previous mesoscopic approach.


Storing carbon dioxide in the form of hydrates is a meaningful way to reduce carbon emissions, which is of great significance to the replacement of extracted hydrates, the storage and transportation of gases, and the safety of oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the effects of ethylene oxide (EO) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) on the nucleation of carbon dioxide hydrate. The result shows that both EO and THF can promote the nucleation of carbon dioxide hydrate and shorten the nucleation time. For the same number of molecules, THF has a better promotion of nucleation of CO2 hydrates than EO. It was also found that the addition of THF and EO promoted the formation of sII type cages in the system. The study provides a microcosmic perspective for the enhancement of hydrate nucleation by additives.


Lateral migration of landfill gases in soils surrounding old (closed) municipal landfills can lead to explosion hazards and damage to vegetation. Landfill gas production and migration is controlled by microbial activity and soil physical properties such as gas (air) permeability, gas diffusivity, and atmospheric pressure variations. Gas diffusivity and air permeability were measured on undisturbed samples collected at an agricultural field adjacent to an old Danish municipal landfill. Empirical expressions for predicting gas diffusivity and air permeability from soil-water content were fitted to the data. An empirical expression for calculating methane oxidation rate as a function of soil temperature was developed using site-specific measurements of methane oxidation rate. The transport and degradation parameter expressions were incorporated into a numerical model for simulating landfill gas transport, using soil-water content, temperature, and soil organic matter content as measured input parameters (fun...


: Despite the unique position of gold catalysis in contemporary organic synthesis, this area of research is notorious for requiring activators and/or additives that enable catalysis by generating cationic forms of gold catalysts. Cycloisomeriza-tion reactions occupy a significant portion of the gold-catalyzed reaction space, while they represent a diverse family of reactions which are frequently utilized in synthesis. Herein, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) is shown to be a uniquely simple tool for gold-catalyzed cycloisomerizations, rendering the use of external activators obsolete, and leading to highly active catalytic systems with ppm levels of catalyst loading in certain cases. HFIP assumes a dual role as solvent and activator, operating via the dynamic activation of the Au-Cl bond through hydrogen bonding, which initiates the catalytic cycle. This special mode of catalysis can enable efficient and scalable cyclization reactions of propargylamides and ynoic acids with simple [AuCl(L)] complexes. A thorough screening of ancillary ligands and counter anions has been performed, establishing this methodology as an alternative to elaborate ligand/catalyst design and to the use of activators. Additionally, this concept is applied in C-C bond forming cycloisomerization reactions leading to 2 H -chromenes and to the design of catalytic systems for sequential or one-pot transformations leading to activated ketoesters, a functionalized N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor salt, and a compound bearing the bioactive indole core, among others. Importantly, through mechanistic investigations including a "snapshot" of the species of interest in the solid state, we were able to unambiguously detect the key H-bonding interaction between HFIP and the gold catalyst, shedding light on the intermolecular mode of activation that enables catalysis. In the cases examined herein, HFIP is not only an excellent solvent, but also a potent activator and a valuable synthetic handle when incorporated into functional groups of products.


A common characteristic of successful companies is strategic alignment of the supply chain from the purchase of raw materials to the delivery of the finished product. Although frameworks have been proposed to facilitate this alignment there is no consensus on the key characteristics to be used in describing products and the related market demand. This paper presents current research and approaches to the development of key product characteristics for the purpose of creating alignment within a supply chain strategy. The research approach is described in detail along with the presentation of preliminary results from application of the research approach to an aerospace supply chain. Areas for future research are presented.


An automated gas chromatograph with sam- ple pre-concentration for the measurement of peroxyacetyl- nitrate (PAN) was constructed with a minimum detection limit below 1 pptv. This instrument was deployed at the British Antarctic Survey's Halley Research Station, Antarc- tica (75.6 S, 26.6 W) as part of the CHABLIS (Chem- istry of the Antarctic Boundary Layer and the Interface with Snow) campaign. Hourly measurements were carried out between July 2004 and February 2005 with observed max- imum and minimum mixing ratios of 52.3 and<0.6 pptv, re- spectively with a mean PAN mixing ratio for the measure- ment period of 9.2 pptv (standard deviation: 6.2 pptv). The changes in PAN mixing ratios typically occurred over peri- ods of several days to a week and showed a strong similar- ity to the variation in alkenes. The mixing ratio of PAN at Halley has a possible seasonal cycle with a winter maximum and summer minimum, though the cycle is incomplete and the data are very variable. Calculations indicate that gross local PAN production is approximately 1 pptv d 1 in spring and 0.6 pptv d 1 in summer. Net loss of PAN transported to Halley in the summer is a small gas-phase source of NOx and net production of PAN in the spring is a very small NOx sink.


The hardship-aid work is an important aspect of university students' work, and is taken seriously by colleges and universities in recent years. This paper analyzes the significance of university hardship-aid work and elaborates the main content of the hardship-aid work in detail. Some understanding and thinking of the hardship-aid work is discussed from the angle of the counselor, in order to guide college counselors to carry out hardship-aid work more reasonably. Counselors should seriously and carefully do the assessment work of financially disadvantaged students and strengthen the education and management of aid-receiving students.


This paper examines the decisions of the 675 largest U.S. cities about when and whether to adopt three types of antismoking policies between 1975 and 2000. Placed in the context of horizontal and vertical policy diffusion, cities were more likely to adopt government building and youth access restrictions if their nearest neighbors and other cities in the state had already adopted such measures. City governments were likely to adopt restaurant restrictions, however, only if their nearest larger neighbor had adopted such a restriction first, without regard to more distant localities. For all types of policies, state laws reduced the likelihood of local adoptions, dramatically so when the state law included a preemption clause. All of these diffusion results were strongest for smaller cities, with major cities acting fairly independently of other cities or of the state government. Finally, we find strong evidence of venue shopping, with cities adopting laws when state legislature is unlikely to do so – when, at the state level, tobacco lobbyists are strong, health organizations are weak, and the government leans in a conservative direction. * Prepared for presentation at the 2005 Midwest Political Science Association conference, Chicago, IL, April 7-10. The authors would like to thank Jacob Nelson, Tracy Finlayson, and Chad Diefenderfer for valuable research assistance, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation for financial support, and Jamie Chriqui for providing us with the updated version of the National Cancer Institute's State Cancer Legislative Database. In addition, local tobacco control ordinance data was provided by the American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation Local Tobacco Control Ordinance Database.


Uterine leiomyomas are the most common solid pelvic tumor, occurring in 20% of women over age 35. Most are asymptomatic and can be followed with vaginal ultrasound to rule out ovarian neoplasms and rapid increases in fibroid size. Thus, surgery can usually be avoided. Hypermenorrhea is the major symptom in women with uterine leiomyomas who seek treatment. Other complaints include infertility and problems after conception including spontaneous abortion, pain from acute red degeneration during pregnancy, premature labor, fetal malposition, dysfunctional labor, obstruction of labor, retained placenta, and postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony. Fibroids require treatment when hypermenorrhea leads to anemia, pain develops from fibroid degeneration, pressure symptoms develop from large size, size increases rapidly, and when the clinician cannot properly palpate the ovaries, especially if ultrasound is not available.


Objective:To estimate the prevalence of syphilis on a group of pregnant women living in the communities of La Badea and Frailes in the municipality of Dosquebradas (Colombia), intervened through academic practices from Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas. Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study, nonrandom sampling of pregnant women participating in an antenatal control program with adjustments for design effects, The presence of gestational syphilis was determined through modified (Wiener) nontreponemal VDRL tests, and confirmatory treponemal test (FTA-ABS) for reactive patients. Each pregnant woman filled out a survey with the purpose of social, demographic, and economic characterization. Results: Out of the 101 samples analyzed, 3 pregnant women were reactive to non-treponemal tests (2.97%), 2 of which were confirmed by treponemal tests. The average age was 24 years and the mean gestational age was 20 weeks. It was possible to demonstrate that the past history of syphilis is a risk factor associated to gestational syphilis (OR: 2,8 - IC95: 1,8-7,2). Finally, associated Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) were found including 2 cases of condyloma, 2 cases of gonorrhea and a case of genital herpes. Conclusion: A prevalence of gestational syphilis of 3% was found in the studied population which was related with personal history of syphilis. Other STDs would be associated when syphilis by this reason it is recommended an active search in patients with this disease. The actual magnitude of the problem is unknown due to the fact that there are many cases under reported. Gestational syphilis continues to be a public health issue.


The skilled and competent attendant is vital in curbing maternal and infant mortality. Promoting the utilization of maternal health services supervised by skilled health professionals greatly aids in bridging the gap in accessing maternal health services such as immunization and postnatal care services. This lack of skilled attendance is one of the major factors responsible for the rising maternal and infant mortality. Thus, there's still needed to encourage these women to seek out the services of skilled health professionals during childbirth. This study is aimed at investigating the use of an organized public forums approach in influencing the uptake of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) among women of reproductive age in the Kanamai Area, Kilifi County. The study was conducted at Kanamai Area, Kilifi County. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using semi-structured questionnaires as tools of data collection. Simple random sampling was used to recruit the study participants. All analyses were done using R for Windows (version 4.0.3). Both descriptive and inferential analyses were done. Descriptive statistics were used to generate frequency and percentages, while chi-square was used to draw inferences. Association was considered significant if 𝑃 < 0.05. Some of the notable significant factors gathered through our public forum engagement influencing support for delivery assisted by skilled birth attendants (SBAs) were education level, occupation, and parity. There's a need for the concerned agencies to embrace the use of public forums and other relevant approaches so as to sought out and promote the rate of health services utilization. Keywords: SBAs, Childbirth, Utilization, Health Facilities, Public Forum.


Abstract Two models to calculate the protein and amino acid requirements of laying hens are presented. Both are based on the assumption that maintenance, body weight gain and yolk formation are steady state functions. The first model assumes also that the albumen and membrane proteins are synthesized at the time of secretion, whereas the second assumes that only the glycoproteins and shell membranes are synthesized at that time; the amino acids needed for this synthesis are derived from tissue protein. Using these models, the protein and amino acid requirements were calculated for three breeds of hens, on the basis of performance data. The calculated requirements fall in the range of published values.


This research is motivated by the 3-period presidential discourse in the Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) program. This study aims to determine public acceptance of the 3-term presidential discourse on the YouTube channel Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) episode "Harga-Harga Naik, Tapi Publik Puas Terhadap Jokowi". The research method uses a qualitative reception analysis approach with the encoding-decoding model by Stuart Hall to understand community reception. Stuart Hall divides the categories of audience acceptance into 3 positions, namely dominant, negotiated, and oppositional. Data collection techniques were carried out by in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that the public does not agree with the existence of a 3-term president, because this is contrary to the constitution and the basis of the 1945 Constitution that applies in Indonesia. Even though all informants acknowledged Pak Jokowi's performance, according to the informants, Pak Jokowi was not fit to continue his term of office because doing so could undermine reforms and damage the state order.
Keywords: Reception analysis, 3 period presidential discourse, Indonesia Lawyers Club


In the paper, a class of impulsive Caputo fractional-order bi-directional associative memory neural networks with time-varying delays is considered. Applying the fractional Lyapunov method, a sufficient condition for Mittag-Leffler stability of the equilibrium point of the system under consideration is derived. Some earlier results are extended and improved. Our results provide an impulsive control law which stabilizes the impulse-free fractional-order neural network time-delay model. An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.


Drowsiness in car-driving relates to eye-blinking. Authors have developed the robust image capture CCD system by moving image processing for the brightness of day and night in a car, using the weak pulsed infrared LED's light. This effect was evaluated by real circumstances in a car: darkness in night and brightness in direct sunshine. To extract upper and lower eyelids' fringes from noises, a pair of edges from a pupil was used. The second derivative to blinking waveform was introduced to obtain the stable blinks, eliminating the different characteristics among individuals' ones. The experiment to presume the drowsiness was referred to the steering wheel movement. This tentative experiment indicated good correlation between drowsiness and eye closure time.


The hybrid fiber coax architecture deployed by the cable service providers has been successful in capturing a substantial piece of the residential broadband access market. In the United States over five million homes connect to the Internet using DOCSIS cable modems. We describe an evolution path to enhance the HFC plant to provide, initially, Gigabit Ethernet (and eventually multi-Gigabit Ethernet) on the trunk and feeder portions, and 100 Mb/s Ethernet on the subscriber drops. This next-generation HFC network will enable cable service providers to address the vast and underserved small and medium-sized business market, as well as offer emerging applications and services to the residential market.


well at the present time. The third, operated on in July, 1928, lhas vague painis, but appears to be doing well. The two patients diaglnosed as seconid degree are both doing well. Of the third degree patients one, operated on in March, lhas died recently. This patient is of particular interest because when she had her vaginal application it was noticed that there was a swelling in the region of the right kidlney. At the intra-abdominal operation it was found that this swelling was due to a hydronephrosis, wlhich seemed to be caused by the pressure of the growth round the ureter. In spite of this the patient wrote in December, saying, " There is no doubt my health generally is greatly improved. I feed regularly and have regained miiuch of my lost weight." Of the fourth degree patients one had a slight degree of intestinal obstruction and masses of glands were found in the pelvis; a colostomy was performed and radium was inserted. She has since died, and there is no evidence that the radium improved her condition. Aniother late case was admitted in April, 1929. The pAtient wasso anaemic, that a blood transfusion was carried out before putting the radium in per vaginam. She lbad an ulcer of the cervix two inches in diameter, involvinig the fornices. Two months later the vagina had completely healed anid an intra-abdominal operation was carried out. Glands were found niear the aorta, which felt lbard and were probably malignant. In December there was miarked induration in front of the rectum, but the patient was extremely fit considering her original conditioni. In another very advanced case the patient was treated in May and was found to have pus in Douglas's pouch. Radiuim, however, was inserted, -and there is little doubt that this was ani error of judgement, as, in spite of drainage, the patient got general peritonitis and died as a result of the operation. The next patient in this series was operated onl in Septemiiber and found to have large masses of glanids, some the size of a walnut. It was realized that it was niot possible to effect a cure, but it was thought that if those near the uterus were diminished inl size it might reduce the amount of pain at a later date. The nieedles were therefore concentrated on those glands. In December the mass of glands did niot seem to bo diminished and the patient was obviously not so well. Thle last of the fourth degree patients was treated in December. Considerable adhesions were found in the pelvis but no markedly enlarged glands. There was, however, much induration in both the broad ligaments. Followinlg the removal of the radium there was a certain amount of wound infection, but this cleared up and the patient left hospital in fair condition. It will be seen, tllerefore, that of the 13 cases 9 are living, but it is too early to say much about their condition.


Since its creation, Mont Peko National Park has been subject to various anthropogenic pressures, which increased during the period of armed conflict in Cote d'Ivoire between 2002 and 2011. The intensification of pressures appears to have brought an increased rate of deforestation in the park. To test this hypothesis, this study aimed to determine the effects of the conflict period on forest dynamics in the park. For this purpose, four Landsat satellite images were analysed to examine land use changes before, during and after the period of conflict. Our results show a sharp reduction in forested areas during the period of conflict, followed by further reductions in the post-conflict period. In percentage terms, 5.65% of losses occurred before the conflict period at an annual rate of 0.42%, as against 28.03% during the conflicts at an annual rate of 3.92% and 34.02% after the conflicts at an annual rate of 14.41%. This worsening deforestation in the park is linked to the illegal cultivation of cocoa. Existing pressures have thus been exacerbated by the large-scale arrival of peasant populations in the protected area during the conflict period. Our results also show the vulnerability of protected areas during conflicts and the urgency of taking security measures to prevent the risk of degradation, thus further highlighting the need for constant monitoring and management to accelerate forest regeneration in park areas converted to cocoa plantations.


Bacteria antagonistic to the fungal pathogen Sclerotium cepivorum Berk., which causes onion white rot disease, were isolated and characterized. Eighty percent of the bacterial antagonists isolated from soil samples and sclerotia of S. cepivorum recovered from soil were identified as belonging to the genus Bacillus. The other antagonists were coryneforms and Pseudomonas spp. In contrast, 90% of the antagonists isolated from onion roots were mostly Pseudomonas spp. and the remainder were Erwinia spp. The significance of these antagonistic bacteria is discussed in relation to the control of white rot disease of onion.


The second edition of Graham Lister's volume on the hand is very attractive and will be of significant interest to surgeons concerned with the care of the hand as well as to appropriate hospital and medical libraries. It is not addressed to the nonspecialist. The text is extremely well organized and includes an excellent introductory chapter on the general management of injury. Well illustrated with a variety of clinical examples, it covers the gamut from minimal repair to the maximum flap coverage and skin deficit problems. There follows a good review on reconstruction, again with problems well illustrated with a mixture of excellent drawings and photographs of representative cases. The examination and evaluation portions of this book are usually well done, and, as a result, it could also serve as an excellent primary text for the resident in training learning the basic elements of hand examination and evaluation in relationship


In this paper, we make researches on algebraic properties of the fuzzy events and the probability of fuzzy probability spaces. By the set features of the probability of the fuzzy probability spaces and the correlative theory of fuzzy lattices, we obtain that the probability of the fuzzy probability spaces is a fuzzy lattice modular homomorphism from a fuzzy lattice to an interval, and decompose the probability into the product of a fuzzy lattice homomorphism and a fuzzy lattice modular homomorphism.


Based on recently declassified materials from the Indian government archives and on the private papers of the principal secretary to the Indian prime minister, this article investigates how India formulated its response to the 1971 East Pakistan genocidal crisis that culminated with the third Indo-Pakistani war. India's victory changed the balance of power in South Asia: Bangladesh emerged as a new independent state, while Pakistan was significantly reduced. The 1971 war is cited in the international literature as one of the first cases of humanitarian intervention in world history. The Indian official position, recently reinforced by a new major publication, highlights the 'humanitarian' character of the 1971 Indo-Pakistan war, depicting a reluctant India compelled to intervene by international inactivity towards the atrocity. This article contests this interpretation and argues that humanitarian considerations were only one side of the picture. Clear political interests drove the actions of New Delhi, which autonomously formulated a specific strategy aimed at making capital out of the dramatic humanitarian crisis. In advancing this argument, this article contributes to the complex debate about humanitarian intervention by observing that the inability of the UN system to intervene is bound to open the way to two possible outcomes: one is the continuation of the genocidal massacres; the other is the unauthorized humanitarian armed intervention by a regional power, which is likely to act according to its own interests. The specific case under review demonstrates that unauthorized armed intervention cannot per se always be branded as deplorable, since in certain cases such a scenario is better than no intervention at all.


In this paper, we study a higher-dimensional functional differential equation with a parameter(1.1).By using a well-known fixed point index theorem,we obtain the existence,multiplicity and nonexistence of positive periodic solution(s) to this equation.


Image vectorization is an important yet challenging problem, especially when the input image has rich content. In this paper, we develop a novel method for automatically vectorizing natural images with feature‐aligned quad‐dominant meshes. Inspired by the quadrangulation methods in 3D geometry processing, we propose a new directional field optimization technique by encoding the color gradients, sidestepping the explicit computing of salient image features. We further compute the anisotropic scales of the directional field by accommodating the distance among image features. Our method is fully automatic and efficient, which takes only a few seconds for a 400×400 image on a normal laptop. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on various image editing applications.


One of the objectives of this study is to show the potentials of a specialized medical educational service for the traffic education of the population. Including all its members, the multi-assignment public health nursing service is a powerful tool in the field of medical education, whose possibilities of affecting a change in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of the population are large, with correct planning and adequate materialization. The authors explain the term of traffic education, planning of this activity, definite commitment of the nurse in the family, selection of the form of work and its adaptation to the objectives. Two tables are presented to show the activity and possibilities of certain forms of work as well as directions of operation and correlation of individual forms of work when the issue is approached by a public health nurse working in pre-school institutions and among school children. For the covering abstract of the whole conference se IRRD 280469. (TRRL)


Paper presents results of international university collaboration in developing virtual learning environment at the Faculty of Philosophy University of Sarajevo. Based on the success of the Omega system implemented at Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Zagreb collaboration in creating a similar virtual learning environment on Faculty of Philosophy University of Sarajevo has started. Results of the implementation of BISER e-learning system are shown. Special emphasis is put on the initial usage statistics as well as future development plans.


First principles, total energy methods have been applied to predict the relative stabilities of the four experimentally verified MoC phases: the cubic delta(NaCl) phase and the three hexagonal gamm ...


This study investigated self‐reported dog bites in humans in rural and urban households in southern Ontario, Canada. Our objectives were to determine, and compare, the incidence of dog bites in rural and urban households, and to describe the profile of bite victims, biting dogs, and the proportion of biting dogs that respondents self‐reported as being not up to date on rabies vaccination. We conducted a cross‐sectional observational study using an online questionnaire. The 2,006 respondents, each representing one household, included 1,002 rural and 1,004 urban residences. The incidence risk of at least one person in the household being bitten over the previous year in rural households (6.09% per year) was less than in urban households (10.76% per year). In 53.20% of households from which at least one person had been bitten within the past year, only a single person had been bitten. Mostly, victims were 25 to 34 years old (21.67%), male (54.19%), and playing with or interacting with the biting dog at the time of the incident (59.11%). Most biting dogs were 3 to 5 years old (32.02%), males (53.69%), and unleashed (76.85%). Based on self‐reporting by respondents, 83.33% of respondent‐owned biting dogs were vaccinated against rabies at the time of the biting incident. Irrespective of dog ownership, the odds of an individual in a rural household being bitten by a dog were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.38–0.73) the odds for an individual in an urban household. Dog bites constitute a serious, yet preventable, public health concern that requires targeted, community‐specific efforts. Public health organizations could consider findings in developing messaging, particularly as we highlight biting dogs reported by their owners as not up to date on rabies vaccination.


In our Policy Forum entitled "Biocontrol of invading species—risk and reform," we discussed past and potential environmental problems (harm to nontarget native species) associated with biological control practice ( Science 's Compass, 16 June, p. [1969][1]). We argued for a more selective, ecologically safer use of biological control and for safety testing of biological control of insect agents, and we made suggestions for revising regulations and review processes (modeled largely on biological control of weeds) to safeguard this valuable pest management tool and the environment.

In a letter commenting on our article, David Pimentel says that we "do not make the essential ecological assessment of alternative strategies and trade-offs [to using biological control]" (Letters, 11 Aug., p. [869][2]). We agree that making such comparisons is crucial, but there can be no such assessment unless safety data related to biological control and other strategies are available. The central point of our argument is that the ecological safety of organisms for the biological control of insects has rarely been considered, much less scientifically addressed. Furthermore, there is no inclusive regulatory requirement for such safety data. We need to move beyond old arguments to scientific and regulatory assessments that judge the most appropriate pest control measure, biological or otherwise. Concern for native species and the environment should weigh heavily in such decisions.

1. 1. G. H. Boettner
 , Conserv. Biol. in press.

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.288.5473.1969
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.289.5481.869c


Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology is growing up as a technology. Although up today slower and less reliable than traditional production methods, AM systems are showing to be very successful when producing parts with unconventional topologies or in small quantities. In addition, it is showing its capability to produce components with chemical compositions which should not be realized with standard production processes. In this paper some examples are reported of magnetic materials specifically designed for AM. In this work, powder of FeSi electric steel, with 6.5 wt.% Si content is considered to produce samples by AM. Aim of this paper is to investigate the microstructural and texture evolution of FeSi steels, with 6.5% Si, following annealing heat treatment, with the aim of identifying the conditions under which it could be possible to obtain the best magnetization behavior of the alloys.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of microbiology laboratory′s autoclave operating procedure.Methods:In this study,the modal was intended to simulate agar plates removed from microbiology laboratory.We investigated the effects of several variables related to autoclaving the modal,including time,packing container and packing method.Results:It indicated that using the metal basket as packing Container and openning the autoclavable bag′s neck could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the decontamination process.Conclusion:The model of agar plates could simulate microbiology laboratory′s waste very well.The data from this study could be used to assess the disposal of infectious waste in the future.


Poly (methyl methacrylate)/boron nitride (PMMA/BN) composites were prepared by dispersing BN particles into methyl methacrylate monomer phase by bulk polymerization method. BN particles modified with silane coupling agent, γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane, were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Effects of modified BN particle content on thermal conductivity were investigated, and the experimental values were compared with those of theoretical and empirical models. With 16 wt% of BN particles, the thermal conductivity of the composite was 0.53 W/(m·K), 1.8 times higher than that of pure PMMA. The microstructures of the PMMA/BN composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis traces also corroborated the confinement of the polymer in an inorganic layer by exhibiting an increase in glass-transition temperatures and weight loss temperatures in the thermogram. Mechanical properties and electrical insulation property of the PMMA/BN composites were also determined. These results showed that PMMA/BN composites may offer new technology and business opportunities. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1675–1684, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers


Seventeen graduate student Ss were divided into higher and lower scoring groups on 13 scales of the MMPI. Their objective and subjective absolute thresholds (RLs) to sinusoidal electrical stimulation at 1.0 and 0.20 cps, applied by electrodes on the mastoid processes, were determined, and a mean difference score between these RLs was calculated. Analyses of variance showed that significant differences were present at 0.20 cps in the objective RLs for the Depression, Social Introversion-Extraversion, and Manifest Anxiety scales, in the subjective RL for Paranoia, and in the difference score for Paranoia. At 1.0 cps, significant differences occurred in the subjective RLs for the Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviate, and Paranoia scales, and in the difference score for Paranoia. The results with the Manifest Anxiety scale were discussed in terms of a Hull-Spence framework. The lowering of the objective RLs at 0.20 cps was discussed as a possible mechanism for facilitating the appearance of motion sickness symptoms.


The bottleneck part of an anisotropic tensor renormalization group (ATRG) is a bond-swapping part that consists of a contraction of two tensors and a partial singular value decomposition of a matrix, and their computational costs are $O(\chi^{2d+1})$, where $\chi$ is the maximum bond dimension and $d$ is the dimensionality of the system. We propose an alternative method for the bond-swapping part and it scales with $O(\chi^{\max(d+3,7)})$, though the total cost of ATRG with the method remains $O(\chi^{2d+1})$. Moreover, the memory cost of the whole algorithm can be reduced from $O(\chi^{2d})$ to $O(\chi^{\max(d+1,6)})$. We examine ATRG with or without the proposed method in the 4D Ising model and find that the free energy density of the proposed algorithm is consistent with that of the original ATRG while the elapsed time is significantly reduced. We also compare the proposed algorithm with a higher-order tensor renormalization group (HOTRG) and find that the value of the free energy density of the proposed algorithm is lower than that of HOTRG in the fixed elapsed time.


A Study on Cross Linked Methyl Acrylate Additive Polymers for Sheet Molding Compounds Y. TAKAYAMA and S. OKADA (Received May 13, 1983) In the previous paper, the physical anchoring principle was proposed to obtain scummingless SMC moldings. When the styrene (ST)-divinyl benzene (DVB) loosely cross linked polymer is applied for the low profile additive to SMC, it is desirable to use the additive polymers having particle size under 50pm to avoid the growth of waveness at the surface of the moldings. To spread the allowable range of particle size of the polymer, it was suggested by the authors that the glass transition temperature of the polymers must be low to near the room temperature. The main purpose of this paper is to confirm the supposition. The experiments were carried out on methyl acrylate (MA), MA-ST and MA-ST-DVB. As the results, it has been revealed that the supposition is quite right, MA monomer has a property to give the loosely cross linked polymer without any cross linking agent but a cross linking one, such as DVB, for MA-ST monomer system is an essential component to obtain the scummingless additive polymers and small addition of the DVB into MA-ST mixed monomer bears an important role to prevent the growth of two types of polymer with different Tg.


Annular S-shaped intermediate turbine ducts (ITD) are used in modern turbofan engines with large by-pass ratios. The gas exits the high-pressure turbine and enters the low-pressure turbine via this ITD. To reduce the weight of the engine, the ITD should be as short as possible, when keeping the loss at acceptable level. This paper focus on the transportation of the inlet vortices in ITD by numerical methods. To obtain a better understanding of the flow mechanism, various isolated vortex is applied at the inlet of the ITD, and the transportations of the vortices and the loss mechanism are investigated. Then, the vortex structures, such as the tip leakage vortex and the wakes, are obtained based on a cascade model. Based on the flow field at the exit of the cascade, the inflow condition for the ITD was setup. In order to understand the details of flow physics, the scalar tracking method was used to show the transportation of vortices. The loss mechanism of ITD is also explained. INTRODUCTION Modern turbofan engines typically have high bypass ratios, annular S-shaped intermediate turbine ducts (ITD) are used to connect the high pressure turbine with the low pressure turbine. Due to cost and weight, the ITD have to be shorter, leading to aggressive S-shaped duct geometries. In order to obtain good performance for ITDs, a better understanding of the flow physics in ITDs is required. Because of the existence of streamwise pressure gradient and radial pressure gradient, the development of boundary layers, wake and vortices becomes very complex, so it is hard to obtain the full picture of the flow in the duct. Many people studied the aerodynamic performance of ITD. (Hu et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2010) reported that the endwall static pressure distribution was significantly influenced by the local curvature distribution and the strong adverse pressure gradient along ITD endwalls caused the boundary layer separation. They also found that the low momentum flow was driven by the radial pressure gradient and migrates through the wake. (Dominy and Kirkham, 1995) investigated the influence of blade wakes on the performance of ITD. They found that both the hub and casing boundary layers have been influenced by radial flows within the wakes and the strong secondary flows will significantly lead to total pressure distortions. It was also found the influence of the wake induced secondary flows within an S-shaped duct upon the overall performance of the diffuser is slight (Dominy and Kirkham, 1996). Compared to a wake-free case, there is no change in the surface static pressure distribution. This means that the wake doesn't generate additional loss, just leads to a redistribution of loss occurs (Dominy et al., 1998). The experiment to investigate the influence of blade tip gap variation on the performance of an aggressive intermediate turbine duct has been conducted by (Marn et al., 2007a and 2007b). Numerical studies were done by (Sanz et al., 2009). Significant influence due to tip leakage vortex was observed in the flow field within the entire duct. The tip leakage vortex will lead to larger loss production. At the same time, it has a positive influence on the pressure recovery on the casing boundary layer. (Axelsson and George, 2008) presented a research about the dissipation in the ITD. (Axelsson and Johansson, 2008; Axelsson et al., 2007) carried out an experiment to investigate the time-averaged mean flow field and turbulence development in the ITD. Furthermore, (Miller et al., 2004) investigated the vane/vortex interaction with a low aspect ratio downstream LPT vanes installed within the ITD. Results showed that the structure of secondary flow in the low aspect ratio vane was changed significantly in the presence of the upstream stage. (Miller et al., 2003) performed measurements downstream of a single-stage transonic HPT stage to examine the migration and dissipation of flow phenomena within an ITD. The results showed that the inlet flow to LPT vane is dominated by two counter-rotating streamwise vortices, the first was caused by tip leakage vortex, and the second was caused by the hub secondary vortex. Much work has been performed to investigate the influence and development of the boundary layers, vortices and wake in the ITD, but the detail of the migration and dissipation of vortices and wake in ITD are rarely investigated. In current study, the development of flow with wake and vortices in ITD was investigated. A numerical study was


The present invention discloses a ring automatic welding apparatus and the welding machine comprises a holder, the holder positioning cylinder is provided with an upper middle position, with the plane of the bottom splice positioning cylinder, is provided below the splicing plane rotation shaft, the rotating shaft , each lower portion via a bearing fixed on the bracket, the rotation shaft is provided with an intermediate position of the drive wheel, the drive wheel is connected by a belt to the output shaft of the driving motor, the driving motor fixedly mounted on the lower end of the holder, the rotating shaft end extending into the splice plane upper end, provided with splicing holes cooperating with a rotary shaft on a plane, a cylinder in contact with the front end of the horn switch is provided, solid with the lower end of the positioning cylinder shield, the shield cover is connected to the bellows through the induced draft fan. The present invention solves the annular contact surface is not easy to weld, weld and more problems, by fixing the welding member to be welded close to the horn, the positioning cylinder and the rotating shaft rotational positioning member to be welded, the welding member is rotated, seamless welding .


The self-imaging effect can be obtained as the result of the diffraction of a plane wave by the periodic structure. It is known as the Talbot effect. The self-imaging phenomenon is discussed here also from the new viewpoint as a class of the propagation-invariant wavefields. The repetition of an object can be achieved by the superposition of nondiffracting beams.


Large scale malicious activities continue to take place on the Internet. Safeguarding vulnerable computers and servers is therefore important. Recently, systems have been proposed to protect network addresses of computers from malicious adversaries on the Internet. Some of these systems focus specifically on providing client-side anonymity. However, as the Internet bandwidth for average users continues to increase, individuals are increasingly capable of carrying out complicated tasks as servers. It is in the interest of the individuals to gain server anonymity in which the network address of the machine remains protected from malicious activities. In this paper, we present a scalable anonymous server overlay network (SASON) that aims at protecting network addresses of all participating servers. SASON also provides reliable server discovery and routing through the use of server pseudonyms and distributed hash-tables