The great thickness of the high plateau crust of the central Andes and Tibet has been established for more than two decades, but the bulk composition and thickening processes are still actively debated. Two recent deployments of PASSCAL broadband seismic stations in the central Andes of Bolivia (1994-1995) and along a north-south traverse across the central Tibetan plateau (1991-1992) provide excellent pure-path crustal sampling of these highlands.


In UMTS-TDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Time Division Duplex) the data rates and the service quality (bit error rate, delays) are provided by the Radio Resource Management (RRM). The RRM manages the transmission power, the spreading factor and the orthogonal code assignment. The specifications leave open the choice of the RRM strategy. This work proposes a scheme suitable for mixed traffic consisting of Real Time (RT) services and Non Real Time (NRT) services in downlink. The access to the RT services is controlled by the Call Admission Control (CAC) using a Power-based algorithm. This algorithm determines the OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) codes of a user in order to optimize the sharing of the transmitted power in the downlink in the most uniform manner over the assigned slots in the frame. The OVSF codes given by this algorithm are attributed to a Dedicated Channel. For NRT services, in presence of RT services, a channel allocation power-based strategy is combined at the physical layer with an opportunistic scheduling at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer to minimize Node-B transmitting power and schedule mixed traffic that benefits of a good radio channel and respects Quality of Service (QoS) constraints and fairness rules. The overall RRM strategy minimizes the number of RT rejected calls and the Block Error Rate (BLER) of NRT services. The NRT services are mapped to Downlink Shared Channel. Keywords— UMTS, TDD, CAC, scheduling, fairness, DCH, DSCH


The advent of interconnected devices, sensors, and systems requires increasingly large data transmission rates. Optical communications has met these bandwidth needs due to the large information-carrying capacity of light, although new modulation and multiplexing approaches are required to keep up with increasing demand. To this end, mode-division multiplexing (MDM), in which light propagates in on-chip waveguides with distinct and orthogonal spatial mode shapes, may offer a promising solution. To date, however, most chip-scale MDM devices have relied on (de)multiplexing on-chip of fixed optical modes as opposed to tunable mode conversion. In this Letter we demonstrate a new approach to mode conversion and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) that takes advantage of MEMS-tunable optical phase matching. We show via simulations that the approach enables mode conversion with high purity. Measurements on fabricated devices demonstrate the feasibility of this new MEMS index perturbation and phase matching approach for on-demand and dynamic mode conversion for MDM data/communications links. [2020-0107]


a painful conclusion. The law applicable to terrorism is not merely flawed, it is perverse. The rules and declarations seemingly designed to curb terrorism have regularly included provisions that demonstrate the absence of international agreement on the propriety of regulating terrorist activity. On some issues, the law leaves political violence unregulated. On other issues the law is ambivalent, providing a basis for conflicting arguments as to its purposes. At its worst die law has, in important ways, actually served to legitimise international terror, and to protect terrorists from punishment as criminals. These deficiencies are not the product of negligence or mistake. They are intentional.


China's economy has shown the characteristics of the stagflation since the late 90's of the 20~(th) century.To break the dilemma of the stagnation,continuing the Keynesian is invalid,while a new macro-economic thought is needed.


X-ray surveys contain sizable numbers of star forming galaxies, beyond the AGN which usually make the majority of detections. Many methods to separate the two populations are used in the literature, based on X-ray and multiwavelength properties. We aim at a detailed test of the classification schemes and to study the X-ray properties of the resulting samples. We build on a sample of galaxies selected at 1.4 GHz in the VLA-COSMOS survey, classified by Smolcic et al. (2008) according to their optical colours and observed with Chandra. A similarly selected control sample of AGN is also used for comparison. We review some X-ray based classification criteria and check how they affect the sample composition. The efficiency of the classification scheme devised by Smolcic et al. (2008) is such that ~30% of composite/misclassified objects are expected because of the higher X-ray brightness of AGN with respect to galaxies. The latter fraction is actually 50% in the X-ray detected sources, while it is expected to be much lower among X-ray undetected sources. Indeed, the analysis of the stacked spectrum of undetected sources shows, consistently, strongly different properties between the AGN and galaxy samples. X-ray based selection criteria are then used to refine both samples. The radio/X-ray luminosity correlation for star forming galaxies is found to hold with the same X-ray/radio ratio valid for nearby galaxies. Some evolution of the ratio may be possible for sources at high redshift or high luminosity, tough it is likely explained by a bias arising from the radio selection. Finally, we discuss the X-ray number counts of star forming galaxies from the VLA- and C-COSMOS surveys according to different selection criteria, and compare them to the similar determination from the Chandra Deep Fields. The classification scheme proposed here may find application in future works and surveys.


The treatment of long and diffuse coronary lesions with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been problematic since the era of plain balloon angioplasty. With the advent of bare-metal stents (BMS), long and multiple stents were used to completely cover the diseased segments in order to improve outcomes.  Lesion length has been proven to be a factor related to higher rates of restenosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR) and the risk was further increased by the multiplicity of implanted stents. Covering the lesion with the least number of non-overlapping stents might reduce the risk of restenosis.  This strategy, called spot stenting , was initially tested in the BMS era to treat discrete high-grade disease within moderately diseased vessel segments and has been shown to significantly reduce restenosis rates. Drug-eluting stents (DES) have been consistently shown to reduce restenosis and the need for TLR and thus provide improved clinical efficacy compared with BMS. However, even with DES, diffuse disease and long lesions are still associated with an increased risk of restenosis, need for TLR and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). A major long-term concern regarding DES is the potential for stent thrombosis which is increased after complex procedures with implantation of longer, multiple and overlapping stents. Data are limited but recent reports suggest that even when DES are used, selective stenting of only the severely narrowed areas of long lesions reduces the risk of MACE compared to full lesion coverage. The data supporting the spot stenting approach along with some considerations regarding the technique are presented herein.


This article dwells on the labour relations at the timber enterprises of the Arkhangelsk Province granted by the Soviet government as a concession to foreign entrepreneurs in the 1920s. The main sources include archival (concession contracts and reports, results of inspections of concessionary enterprises by the authorities, shorthand reports of meetings of Soviet party and trade union organizations, materials of factory rates commissions and investigative and judicial authorities), as well as published sources, primarily, contemporary (publications in newspapers and magazines). Emphasis is placed on the authorities' attitude to labour conflicts. Timber enterprise concessions were of great international importance to the central government and economic importance to the local authorities; therefore, unlike at other concessionary enterprises, the authorities often supported the "capitalists". The concessionaires, in their turn, being interested in attracting skilled workers to their enterprises and seeking to normalize relations with the population and the authorities on the territory designated for forest exploitation, were accommodating the employees by spending substantial funds to build housing as well as social and cultural facilities in the factory settlements. Labour relations and conflicts are examined in the article using the example of four personnel categories: skilled workers; labourers at the sawmills; peasants engaged in logging and delivering timber to the factories (loggers and rafters, united in artels); administrative and clerical employees. In addition, a conclusion is made about the specificity of labour conflicts caused by the post-revolutionary social expectations of the population.


Abstract Thoracolumbar burst fractures are one of the most common traumatic fractures seen. Management options vary from nonoperative to operative. Among the operative approaches, minimal invasive approaches are gaining popularity. However, all the cases are not suitable for minimal invasive approaches. We discuss the various minimal invasive approaches and their role in the management of thoracolumbar burst fractures.


This paper addresses the observed grain size with dependence of the dielectric behavior for Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O_3: PbTiO_3 ceramics grain sizes ≥ 1.0 μm. A combined transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and dielectric characterization are modeled with a modified brick wall approach. From this model, it is possible to extrapolate information such as single crystal values of dielectric maximum, K _max, the diffuseness coefficient, δ, and the average intergranular thickness for relaxor ceramics. The calculated intergranular thickness agrees well with TEM observations, ≍2.0 nm. This semi-empirical method may be potentially useful in development work of relaxor ceramics to predict the optimized dielectric properties obtainable within microstructural restrictions.


The present study tries to test the validity of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in the Bucharest Stock Exchange Market from Romania. The tested period for this study covers 3 years from 2011 to 2013. The sample is composed by 20 companies listed at the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The relationship between risk and expected return is being examined. It was found that the security market line's slope is downwards sloping and negative and so it was concluded that CAPM does not hold. As a general conclusion there is a weak practical implication of the Capital Asset Pricing Model in Romanian stock market. Thus, other important variables should be considered to find an effective and appropriate pricing mechanism.


Obtaining stereo images with suitable parallax is an important step in autostereoscopic display system.Aiming at this problem,the process and method of shooting stereo images to actual scene without guide way are proposed.The relationship between stereo tolerance range and distance of cameras is analyzed and calculated,the tolerance range model for three-dimensional scene is established.After measuring the horizontal parallax limit of all sizes of autostereoscopic monitors,the optimal distance of cameras is gained and theory for shooting stereo actual scene is proposed.


Fodder production with the assistance of ecological methods on the NATURA 2000 area situated in the No t ć River valley comprises a rich mosaic of sites associated with hi gh levels of ground waters. The examined area of th e valley belongs to the most productive regions in Wielkopolska. The do minant plant communities are those of permanent and fresh wet meadows as well as large-sedge rushes. The performed in vestigations revealed variations in yields and chem ical composition depending on the type of meadows, site conditions and utilization. Yields of the examined meadows fluctu ated from 3.8 to 6.2 tּha and acted as a variability exponent of moisture co nditions. Crude protein content was determined at 1 2.22% and that of reducing sugars – at 6.32%. The highest contents of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergen t fibre (ADF) were found in the plant communities of large-sedge rushe s. However, quantities of the above constituents di d not exceed Polish standards.


A bridge for an electric string bass or other stringed musical instrument includes a base adapted for attachment to the body of the instrument and a number of saddles for individually supporting the strings, the saddles being adjustably movable to different positions relative to the base, in the direction along the length of the strings, to adjust the string intonation. The saddles may include piezoelectric elements for providing electrical signals and, in this case, the base may further include a covered recess for housing a plurality of volume controls each associated with a respective one of the strings. The saddles are designed and arranged on the base to support the strings with a given curvature matching that of the fret board and an adjustment means is provided for raising, lowering and/or tilting the base relative to the body to bring the strings into proper height adjustment relative to the frets. The bridge base also provides an easy-loading tailpiece for anchoring the adjacent ends of strings to the base and a housing for a mute mechanism located forwardly of the saddles.


Numerical methods are increasingly used for the mathematical modeling of nonlinear wave systems. At the same time, their application to the solution of evolutionary problems with large gradients, described by nonstationary partial differential equations, is subject to serious difficulties. They are associated mainly with the presence of a small parameter with the oldest derivative and, as a consequence, the appearance in the solution of regions of strong spatial inhomogeneity. Therefore, the requirements imposed on the approximation property of numerical methods increase sharply. To solve these systems, spectral methods were mainly used. In this paper, the spectral-grid method is used to numerically simulate nonlinear wave systems. In the spectral-grid method, the interval of integration over the spatial variable is divided into a grid, in the grid elements the approximate solution is approximated with the help of a linear combination of a different number of series in Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. Among the orthogonal polynomials, only Chebyshev polynomials have a minimax property, ie for these polynomials the maximum deviation from the required solution is minimal. In addition, for computational application of Chebyshev polynomials there are convenient recurrence formulas. With the help of these formulas it is easy to calculate the values of polynomials and their derivatives of the required order. When applying the spectral-grid method, the internal nodes of the introduced grid are subject to the continuity requirements of the approximate solution and its derivatives up to ( ) 1 − m -th order, where m is the order of the highest derivative of the differential equation. As a result of approximation of the basic differential equation, initial-boundary conditions and continuity conditions by a spectral-grid method, a system of algebraic equations is obtained. The spectral grid method is applied to numerical modeling of initial boundary value problems for heat conduction equations and nonlinear evolution equations. The numerical calculations performed show the high combining efficiency of the spectral-grid method.


The construction industry all over the world is dominated by the structural steel as the steel is a durable material and can be molded into desired shape to give an ultimate and an attractive look to the structure. Steel trusses have different geometries such as Atype, Pratt type, Howe truss, Warren type, etc. and also has different sections such as tubular section, square hollow section and rectangular hollow section. In this present work, a comparative study of different types of truss, such as Warren type, Howe type and Pratt type and K type truss for the span of 36m and for different rise has been done. The hollow sections are used in place of the conventional sections. The analysis is done in the Staad pro v8i software. After comparison the steel truss structures having the lower weight will be found out and is said to be most economical one.


Upper Assembly I (11), coupled to said upper leather assembly I (11), a ground plane (14), and at least one region (15) of water vapor permeability, made of waterproof material body sole having a (13) (12, 112, 212), covering towards the region (15) on the inside of the shoe (10), the lower surface of the steam permeable membrane waterproof (16), membrane (16) protective element a (16a) at least partially covering (17), provided with, on the film (16), at least partially over it, in waterproofness superimposed towards the inside of the shoe (10) further comprising a vapor-permeable protective screen (18), protective screen (18) film (16) but, in at least one sealing zone is a peripheral region (15) (a), the sole (12, 112 , the body (13) of 212), waterproof It is sealed by the formula, a vapor-permeable shoe having a vapor permeability of the sole waterproof.


Contextual relations between complementary pairs of polarization components of two photons were observed by controlling the degree of entanglement and the local polarizations, highlighting the non-classical aspects of the relations between measurement contexts.


During the last trimester of gestation and for the first 18 months after birth, docosahexaenoic acid,22:6n-3 (DHA) and arachidonic acid,20:4n-6 (ARA) deposited within the cerebral cortex at a rapid rate. The mode of action of these two fatty acids and their derivatives at different structural-function and signaling pathways levels in the brain have been continuously emanating. These fatty acids are also involved in various brain developmental processes; however, their mechanisms of action are not yet well known. Recent data suggest that there may be a need for a balanced proportion of ARA and DHA in infant formula due to their complementary benefits. This review describes the importance of maternal preferential transfer of ARA and DHA to support the infant's optimal brain development and growth and functional roles in the brain.


Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of pit and fissure sealant technique in molar occlusal pit and fissure caries.Method: 113 second deciduous molars and 185 first permanent molars were treated with pit and fissure sealant in occlusal pit and fissure.Result: The patients were followed up for 3 years,1,2 and 3 years after application of pit and fissure sealant,the remain rate(%) of sealant in the second deciduous molars(permanent molars) was 100%(100%),87.6%(97.2%) and 77.0%(90.1%).The incidence dental caries was obviously depressed.Conclusion: Pit and fissure sealant technique is an effective way for preventing pit and fissure caries.


A novel compact proximity coupled microstrip antenna harmonic suppression with resonant at 2.45 GHz of rectenna application is presented in this paper using inexpensive FR4 substrate. An unbalanced slot has been fit on the radiating element to block the harmonic signals and achieve circularly polarized antenna. The evolution of the harmonic
rejecting techniques began with a circular slot on the circular patch antenna followed by another circular slot positioned on the other side of radiating patch. Adequate suppressions of the second and third harmonics are obtained with minimum reflection coefficients up to greater than -3 dB respectively. The return loss of proposed design yields -29.16 dB at 2.45 GHz and offer high gain with 6.23 dB with bandwidth around 125 MHz. The proposed antenna also gives 24% size reduction compare with conventional circular patch. From the simulation result, the proposed antenna can be a good choice in the rectenna system for future wireless power transmission application.


We return to the notion of generational communities introduced in this special issue in light of the ongoing pan-Indian protests spearheaded by students against the Indian government's initiative to define accession to citizenship on religious lines. Applicable to individuals who entered India prior to 2014; the recent Act of Parliament permits the authorities to grant citizenship to "persecuted minorities" from three neighboring countries while making Muslim migrants ostensibly ineligible. T...


In comparing the use of the sulphydryl compounds 2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) and dithiothreitol (DTT) a rapid one-stage technique for titrating IgG anti-A and anti-B using DTT in an antiglobulin test was tried. The results correlated well with those obtained by either of the two-stage methods using 2ME or DTT.


Rural sustainable livelihoods require the combination of rural subsistence allowance system and development for poverty relief. However,there is no combination of rural subsistence allowance and development for poverty relief in rural areas. So,there is the problem of rural unsustainable livelihoods. The essay suggests a combined model for the further development of rural sustainable livelihoods in China.


Carbon heat source 10 has a longitudinal axis and a cylindrical portion 11 which has one cavity 11A venting communicating provided in the direction L, the lit end provided on ignition side of the carbon heat source 10 than the cylindrical portion 11 of the carbon heat source 10 It has and a 12, the ignition side end surface E at the lit end 12, a groove 12A communicating with the cavity 11A is formed.


: The paper reports the critical-analytical investigation on existent models and processes of enjoyment and use in the field of cultural heritage, combining space perception and experimentation, fostering knowledge transfer to a wide audience, multisensory cultural experience and interactive participation with the aim of enhancing the current models. The acquisition of knowledge from different disciplinary cores – design, archaeology, physics, cognitive sciences, computer science, electronics, art history – allowed tracing the ongoing transformations and obtaining an overview of the current models of fruition both natio-nally and internationally. The challenge will be to give further emphasis to the improvement of current models and to guide the future design of interactive enjoyment and use by bringing together the various aspects analysed in order to return meaningful and customized narratives based on the users' needs, through perceptual, immersive, and multisensory experiences in the spatial dimension of the project, thus engaging the user at multiple levels.


Designs for the AUC production of "Grease." Written by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. Directed by Paul Mitri. Scenery and Lighting by Stancil Campbell. Costumes by Janice Benning. Technical Direction by Hazem Shebl. Wallace Theatre. American University in Cairo. Egypt. 2001.


This study is conducted to analyze the figure of speech that is used in Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poem. There are two research problems in this study, first what the figure of speech that is used in the Elizabeth Barrett browning's poems, and second what are the Figurative meaning that is used in the Elizabeth Barrett Browning's poem are.
In this study the writer used theories from Perrine in his book Sound and Sense. In this book the writer finds the description about poem and poetry and the type of figure of speech, there are 12 figures of speech that appear by the writer to find the figure of speech that found in Browning's poem, and give the figurative meaning of each stanza that have figure of speech. How the writer get the meaning is by using book of Pragmatics and Stylistic to help the writer easy to analyze and describe.
The writer uses descriptive qualitative method in her research. In this study, the writer also want to get detailed understanding about the using of figure of speech in poem and find the most figure of speech that is use in the poem especially in poem talk about love.
The writer also found that figure of speech is really close to poem. The language that use in the poem is different because using connotation word and use imagery to make the language as beautiful as the deepest feeling of the poet. And also make the reader find the meaning behind the word, and how to write poem using the method or the types of figure of speech.


Abstract Objectives The INDDEX24 Dietary Assessment Platform (INDDEX24) is an integrated dietary research platform that leverages the INDDEX24 Mobile App and the Global Food Matters Database to accelerate food and nutrition research in low- and middle-income countries. The goal in designing INDDEX24 was to increase the collection of actionable dietary data by developing a solution that would reduce the overall cost and time of surveys, while also improving accuracy. Methods To test the accuracy of INDDEX24, rigorous validation studies were conducted comparing INDDEX24 to pen-and-paper 24 HR, with both evaluated against the benchmark of observer-weighed food records (WFR). These interviews were carried out for a sample of women between the age of 18 and 49 in Burkina Faso (n = 231) and Viet Nam (n = 234). An accompanying cost-effectiveness study measured the time and cost required to perform a 24 HR, the time per interview, and the cost-per-unit of accuracy of INDDEX24 compared to pen-and-paper and the WFR. This study used activity-based costing methods to account for the time and money spent to prepare for the study, implement the survey, and process the 24 HR data to produce usable results. To estimate the time per interview, additional respondents (n = 60) were randomly selected from urban and rural areas, and the time of each interview was recorded. Results The accuracy of INDDEX24 was the same or slightly better than pen-and-paper when compared to the weighed food record, and varied by country, food group, and nutrient. From a cost perspective, we found that using INDDEX24 reduced the cost by $65 per respondent in Viet Nam where pen-and-paper cost $820 and INDDEX24 cost $755 per respondent, and by $5 per respondent in Burkina Faso where pen-and-paper cost $544 and INDDEX24 cost $539. INDDEX24 was also more cost-effective (i.e., lower cost per unit of relative accuracy) compared to pen-and-paper due to superior accuracy of a composite nutrient intake measure and lower time and personnel costs for survey administration and data entry. Conclusions The rigorous validation studies in both Viet Nam and Burkina Faso concluded that the use of INDDEX24 reduces the costs and time required to implement 24-hour recall studies, while maintaining or improving data accuracy. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


The WWI recruitment drive in Wales was extraordinarily successful. One strand in the propaganda that encouraged young Welsh men to enlist was the example of Caractacus, the ancient British leader who according to Tacitus had fought against the ancient Romans in Wales and, after capture, had delivered a defiant speech to the Emperor Claudius. Inaugurated by a stage play in Welsh by Beriah Gwynfe Evans, performed at a school in Abergele in 1904, there was an Edwardian craze in Wales for amateur theatrical performances by schoolchildren starring Caractacus. The trend was encouraged by the identification of Lloyd George with the ancient warrior, especially after his 'People's Budget' had won the fervent support of the working classes. Once war was declared, the Caractacus performances in Wales became transparently connected with recruitment, morale, and fund-raising for the war effort. Small Welsh children across the class spectrum were still performing such plays while their elder brothers were dying in the trenches of France.


A description is given of a new instrument for rapidly and accurately determining the mean diameter of fibres. Its method of operation can be quickly learned, and the results are substantially operator-independent.


Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE), like organizations and people around the world, has altered operations and taken extraordinary steps to help fight against the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic Salek and his colleagues quickly transitioned to become a virtual office during the duration of this order In addition to keeping basic operations and member services as close to normal as possible, they put an emphasis on utilizing online educational resources to learn more about how to operate remotely and to expand their professional skills and knowledge Personally, this experience created a new appreciation for the power of online learning


This paper tells previously untold stories about the dynamic cultures, linguistic repertoires and language practices of migrants and refugees that are continuously shaped and mediated by the convoluted histories, journeys and migration itineraries of these people. It brings to light the effect of proficiency in multiple languages on their speakers' affiliations, and their perceptions of belonging in local communities. The paper draws on the outcomes of a study with refugee background Africans (hereafter, African diasporas) in regional New South Wales (NSW) to propose the language nesting model that seeks to illustrate the complex linguistic and discursive practices of these people and how such resources are used to create and negotiate material and social spaces in everyday life. The paper concludes that the stories that were elicited—about the languages, cultures, identities, migration histories and just about everything else about the sampled African diasporas—both support and resist the theoretical suppositions of superdiversity in equal measure.


The object of consideration of the present development are the elements clarifying the order in the system, which contribute to the more accurate construction of a system approach. The step-by-step presentation of the steps in the creation of a new logistics center aims to facilitate the logistics activities in the design and construction of large logistics structures.


The supply of entrepreneurial human capital has its own special connotations and demand.Under the restriction of special direction and condition,the supply of entrepreneurial human capital forms concrete space. In this space,there are many paths that can be selected,but the flexible mechanism of study may be an efficient evolution path,and it can accelerate the endogeny of the supply.The endogenous supply varies between different entrepreneurs.Accordingly,the growth ability and states of the corresponding enterprises take on marked difference.


Because of phenotypic plasticity, undefined specific boundaries, and specimens that are rarely fertile, species recognition in Gelidiales has been extremely difficult and controversial. Fifteen species of Gelidiellaceae and Gelidiaceae have been reported in Brazil with the majority in regional floristic studies or species lists. Thus, Gelidiales species have not received enough attention in Brazil, and many taxonomic problems remain unresolved. In this study, an integrative systematic approach based on the morphology of the vegetative and reproductive structures and two molecular markers, cox 1 and rbc L, was used for 54 samples collected along the Brazilian coast. Five Gelidiaceae, including Gelidium crinale , G. floridanum , G. lineare , G. microdonticum and a new species here proposed as G. calidum , were found. The occurrence of Gelidiella acerosa , Ge. flabella , Millerella myrioclada, and two undescribed species, Gelidiella sp. and Millerella sp. were confirmed in Gelidiellaceae. Gelidiaceae and Gelidiellaceae species could be distinguished from each other by molecular and morphological approaches, except for Gelidium crinale and the new species, G. calidum , which were distinguished only by molecular data.


Philip Culbertson reviews Call me the seeker: Listening to religion in popular music , edited by Michael J. Gilmour (New York/London: Continuum, 2005).


Like many of his discoveries, Gauss uncovered this particular relationship through a combination of the use of analogy and the examination of computational data, a practice that historian Adrian Rice calls "Gaussian Guesswork" in his Math Horizons2 article subtitled "Why 1.19814023473559220744 . . . is such a beautiful number" [Rice, November 2009]. This project is one of a set of three projects that looks at the power of Gaussian guesswork via the story of his discovery of this beautiful relationship through excerpts from his mathematical diary3 and related manuscripts. Our specific focus in this project will be on the reasons why Gauss and other mathematicians first became interested in the (elliptic) integral that defines the number π in this relationship.


A 79-year-old Japanese woman with 12-year history of multiple sclerosis (MS) abruptly developed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO), incomplete rightward horizontal gaze paresis, and exotropia and convergence restriction of the left eye (Picture 1). Rightward oculocephalic reflex was observed in the right eye. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a demyelinated lesion in the right-sided pontine tegmentum (Picture 2, arrow), which might involve the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) bilaterally and paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) ipsilaterally. Under corticosteroid therapy, these symptoms were resolved within 4 weeks. MLF impairment causes ipsilateral INO, and PPRF involvement induces ipsilateral horizontal gaze paresis. Bilat-


In today's world as our lives and livelihood depend largely on the software systems, malfunctioning of these software systems is highly intolerable. Hence, the delivery of high quality software becomes a big challenge for IT industries. However, various strategies are followed by IT industries to deliver a quality product within the estimated time and budget. Software Testing is one of these strategies that contribute towards the quality of the product. The two main approaches of Software Testing are Test Case Based Testing and Exploratory Testing. It has been empirically proved that the defect detection efficiency of exploratory testing is as good as the traditional test case based testing. Hence, this paper aims at finding the factors that influence the defect detection effectiveness of Exploratory Testing. General Terms Software Quality, Software Testing, Defect Detection Effectiveness, Test Case Based Testing, Exploratory Testing et. al.


Kaolin soil represents the soft clay soil with a depleted bearing capacity and an elevated compressibility level. Thus, in order to hold up civil structures, the bearing capacity of kaolin soil needs to be raised. Several soil improvement procedures are currently available. These include soil replacement, preloading, corduroy and chemical stabilization. However, as these procedures are harmful to the environment, efforts to achieve soil stabilization ought to make use of materials that are environmentally friendly. The utilization of industrial waste that does not have a negative impact on the environment would represent a significant step forward in this area. Among the most frequently employed procedures to achieve soil stabilization is the utilization of a binder such as lime. This study puts forward an array of laboratory investigations to assess the influence of lime on the compressibility and swelling traits of soil. According to the findings, the liquid limit and plasticity index of soil is reduced with the introduction of lime. Pozzolanic reactions transpire due to the siliceous and aluminous nature of the material which has a negligible cementation value and is made up of large particles. This circumstance culminates in a reduction of the liquid limit. With a 9% application of lime, an elevation in the liquid limit was observed (a decrease in other reaction materials). This is attributed to the excessive presence of lime. The optimal water content rose from 20% to 23% with a 5% application of lime. The stabilizer content (lime) reduces the maximum dry density from 1.63 to 1.585 g/cm3. Lime content enhances the compressibility of soft clay by lowering the coefficient of volume compressibility (mv) reduces with increasing stabilizer content and the optimum percent for lime. This is a result of the reaction between lime and soil.


Abstract Crystal potentials have been derived for SrCl2 and Na2S by first calculating the pair-interactions of the ions in the electron-gas approximation and then refitting the most crucial parameters to crystal properties. For both these materials it seems to be impossible to obtain a perfect description of crystal properties using current two-body interactions, so various compromise potentials have been studied that emphasize the fit to particular properties at the expense of others. Defect calculations with these potentials lead to some conclusions about the effect of weighting the fitting of certain properties (elastic constants, dielectric constants, phonon frequencies) but this is a field not much explored hitherto and so it is not known how general these conclusions might be. All the potentials confirm that the primary defects are anion Frenkel defects in SrCl2 and cation Frenkel defects in Na2S. Calculated activation energies for defect migration appear to be on the low side, except for S2- migrat...


The heavy metal pollution sources and its geochemical behavior were introduced.It could associate with organic,inorganic matter and life-form.After transfer,it entered into the sediment.The research significance of geochemical behavior of heavy metal in water body was expounded.


Objectives : Evaluate the results of interdisciplinary care in a series of patients with hepatolithiasis. Patients and Methods : A retrospective study of 53 ...


The authors argue that design studies, like all scientific work, must comport with guiding scientific principles and provide adequate warrants for their knowledge claims. The issue is whether their knowledge claims can be warranted. By their very nature, design studies are complex, multivariate, multilevel, and interventionist, making warrants particularly difficult to establish. Moreover, many of these studies, intended or not, rely on narrative accounts to communicate and justify their findings. Although narratives often purport to be true, there is nothing in narrative form that guarantees veracity. The authors provide a framework that links design-study research questions as they evolve over time with corresponding research methods. In this way, an integration can be seen of research methods focused on discovery with methods focused on validation of claims.


We consider a model for dynamic deformations of granular materials which allows for the localisation of flow and the consequent development of shear bands. We construct solutions, asymptotic in small time, of Riemann initial value problems in one space dimension that include a shear band. An unusual feature of the solutions is that they are not scale invariant


The present paper describes a signal conditioning tool that integrates all the necessary preprocessing tools to be applied to high resolution bioultrasonic signals integrated in the same platform. Health condition of tissues can be known through bioultrasonic signals analysis, hence the importance of conditioning them. This software tool was developed following the software design methodology using object-oriented programming. It was developed in MATLAB which is a suitable and functional platform to process signals, due to spread range of processing tools and the graphical user interfaces. The actors and use cases employed for the software tool are defined and explained. As a result, the graphical user interfaces employed in the tool were: signal selection, window function, offset elimination, normalization and denoising. All of them are described and illustrated.


Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Rousseau's Moral Anthropology Chapter 3 Homeless Citizens: The Critique of Bourgeois Society Chapter 4 An Anti-Utopian Utopia: Rousseau's Social Contract Chapter 5 Emile: The Cultivation of Nature Chapter 6 Art and Tragedy in Nietzsche Chapter 7 The Will to Power and Agency Chapter 8 The Philosophy of Limits: Nietzsche's Zarathustra Chapter 9 Bodies and Eternity: Nietzsche and the Power of Woman Chapter 10 Conclusion: The Artistry of Morality and the Morality of Art


Aiming at the collaborative allocation for berth and quay crane resources of container terminals under uncertain condition,a decision framework by combining proactive scheduling plan with corresponding reactive policy was proposed,and the time buffer was introduced into proactive scheduling plan to avoid the influence of the uncertain vessel arrival time.An integrated mathematical model for continuous berth and quay crane was formulated with the objective of balancing both quality robustness and solution robustness,and an optimization algorithm of bilevel decision structure was built to solve this model.In this algorithm,NSGAⅡframework was applied in upper level to search key decision variable codes,and a proactive heuristic with time buffer was applied in lower level to decode each individual from upper level,whose performance was evaluated by simulation under Monte Carlo sampling and two designed reactive policies.Numeral experiment was used to show the effectiveness of proposed method.


Recent studies on Ni and Fe-based alloys utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the near-fracture surface region have revealed a systematic refinement in the dislocation cell structure of hydrogen-charged specimens relative to non-charged specimens. These observations suggest that hydrogen-induced localization of deformation may provide an important contribution to the microscale processes by which hydrogen degrades the performance of structural metals. Moreover, this finding implies that microstructural features which affect deformation processes could be tuned so as to increase an alloy's intrinsic resistance to hydrogen-induced degradation. For example, given the dominant influence of strengthening precipitates on deformation processes in precipitation-hardened alloys, it is hypothesized that such particles could be optimized to mitigate this hydrogen-induced localized deformation. However, studies which evaluate the role of precipitate morphology on these localized deformation processes in the context of hydrogen-induced cracking are limited in number and often complicated by the simultaneous influence of other microstructural features.


China's countryside has undergone tremendous changes in the last two decades, but the changes and the benefits that came with them were not distributed evenly. Rapid rural industrialization in the Eastern, coastal provinces under the aegis of the local developmental state dramatically improved the lives of villagers. In contrast, township and village enterprises (TVEs) and incomes grew much more slowly in the Central belt of provinces and still more slowly in the Western belt. Because agriculture was the major resource, rural governments had to rely on extraction of taxes and fees from the peasants in order to meet their expenses and to carry out developmental programmes. Here, predatory state agents imposed heavy financial burdens on the peasants. The result was a long festering crisis in the relations between peasants and the local state. Since the mid-1980s, the central authorities have been ordering their local agents to lighten the burdens of the peasants, yet the problem persists to the present. Why has it been so intractable?


Author(s): Schwarz, Charles F. | Abstract: In the first chapter, I point out that rarely are information (e.g., knowledge about nutrient cycling, sediment!. transport)and analysis techniques (e.g., ecologic modeling, ecosystem analysis) used in land use planning decisionmaking. These products of science can significantly improve the technical quality of resource use allocations developed by land use planners and recommended to decisionmakers—particularly the planning areas, the complexity and infrequent use. Some planners have scientific backgrounds but none are broadly enough trained to use the plethora of diverse, scientific information commonly available on their planning areas and problems. Planners' training and function is to organize and to direct the process producing for decisionmakers a set of well evaluated, alternative plans and/or to recommend a best plan. Their role is not to be or become scientific experts. However planners need to·be able to work with scientific experts when such information is needed to analyze important problems.Conceptual ecologic models (CEM) and ecologic simulation models (ES) natural science information for analyzing the problems of planners which have important scientific components. I note that the frequently encountered task of developing a land capability classificaton (LCC) for a regional planning area can be greatly improved by using CEMs to establish which variables and values define capability classes. I examine the use of CEMs as an analysis approach for developing technically improved and scientifically supported LCC by application to a case study.In Chapter 2, I outline the general advantages of using scientific information and scientific analysis approaches, such as ESMs, for decisionmaking, and how to decide when they are appropriate tools for specific types of planning problems. I then present a general procedure for determining which analysis technique to use. The best scientific techniques (1) availability of data, equipment, skills and other analytic needs; (2) dominance of the problem by scientific and/or quantitative information; (3) working behavior of the planners (e.g., the relative consideration they give to formal analysis, expert judgment, public preference); and (4) working environment constraints within which the plan must be developed (e.g., time and funds available for analysis, political considerations, type of decisions to be ntade, size of the area for which decisions are to be made). In Chapter 3, from these four considerations I develop and explain a set of guidelines for deciding whether ESM is the most appropriate analysis technique. In Chapter 4, I develop a planning problem of the Lake Tahoe Basin region as an example of using the guidelines to assess the feasibility of CEM and ESM for developing a LCC for protecting the water color and transparency of the lake. In Chapter 5, I develop an overall CEM of the system of variables controlling water color and transparency as affected by suspended sediments and nutrients from watershed lands. In accord with the assessment guidelines, I also discuss the availability of adequate levels of scientific principles and data to enable construction of an ESM. I then divide the overall system CEM into a series of subsystems, subsequently developing CEMs for each in Chapters 6 through 10 and 13 through 16. Chapter 6 presents a CEM of the factors controlling the water color portion of the system model.In subsequent chapters I present CEMs of subsystem variables controlling: biotic production and distribution of subtances affecting water color and transparency (Chap. 7); transport of suspended sediment by overland flow and stream flow processes (Chap. 8); release, transport and delivery of nitrogen (Chap. 13) and phosphorus (Chap. 14); and suspension of particles in lake waters and retention once settled on the lake bottom (Chap.16). In Chapters 11 and 12, respectively, I develop estimates of the quantities of nutrients and potential suspended sediment particles on watershed sites. In Chapter 17, I develop a LCC scheme based upon the information in the preceding subsystem EM mapping and procedural decisions needed for its implementation. In the last chapter (18), I evaluate CEM use as an analysis technique likely to increase area planners' use of scientific information and analysis techniques. I also discuss why, in spite of their considerable promise, I think scientific information and analysis techniques will not be used more widely by land use planners.


In 2003, the Chiefs of State and Government of the Ibero-American community commissioned former Brazilian president Fernando Henrique Cardoso to lead a collective effort aimed at renewing the system of Ibero-American Summit Conferences. Cardoso organized and presided over a task force composed of high level specialists from various countries, and during the first months of 2003 led a wide round of consultations across the region that led to a final report. It was presented to the XIII Ibero-American Summit, held in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, on November 15, 2003. The report is reproduced here, introduced by a special piece wrote by


ABSTRACT Quartz is regularly held to be of lower quality than fine-grained siliceous (FGS) material and often correlated with lower levels of retouch. This paper examines the "desirability" of quartz as a raw material for the production of backed artefacts in a landscape which also contains fine-grained siliceous material. Quartz, chert and silcrete backed artefact manufacturing strategies and morphologies are compared to examine whether technological choices differ by raw material. Quartz and chert are found to display high degrees of similarity in terms of core reduction technology, flake selection and backed artefact morphology. This alignment challenges perceptions regarding the desirability of quartz for the manufacture of small, standardized retouched flakes.


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Abstract A novel strategy for synthesis of biorelevant α-aminophosphonic acid derivatives, based on the use of α-iminophosphonates as starting materials, was developed.


This article provides a safety analysis on Wisconsin roundabouts using crash records and field video data. Crash records at 41 roundabouts were retrieved from an online database, and field video data were collected at two multilane roundabouts. The percentages of each of the seven identified crash types is estimated by averaging the crash type percentage of all 41 roundabouts. It is found that the most common crash type at single-lane roundabouts is entering-circulating crashes, whereas sideswipe crashes have a higher percentage at multilane roundabouts than at single-lane roundabouts. To examine the relationship between driver behavior and crash patterns at multilane roundabouts, field video data from two multilane roundabouts were used to quantify 12 types of undesired negotiation activities. The ratio of the number of undesired negotiations to the traffic count is defined as the exposure rate (to conflicts). The exposure rate can be utilized to estimate the crash type percentage. Although the chi-squared statistical test did not support the hypothesis of same crash type distribution between the expected crashes and actual ones, the exposure rates successfully identified the entering-circulating and sideswipe (in circulating lanes) crashes as the two major crash types.


Dr. Steven Livingston assesses the impact of the recent global financial crash across Tennessee counties and reviews third-quarter 2012 state export performance.


potentially life-threatening infection of the neck and the floor of the mouth (Table 1). Originally described by Wilhelm Frederick von Ludwig in 1836,1 this condition is notorious for its aggressiveness, rapid progression to airway compromise, and high mortality when not treated promptly.2–6 This article discusses the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of this dangerous condition. Two cases are described to illustrate typical presentations of the disorder.


In the period of sixteen kingdoms, some ethnic groups relocated inland and established their own regimes. The kings of these ethnic groups, in deferent levels, contacted, accepted, and promoted the Hans' culture. They paid attention to the education of the Hans's culture, and they took the policy of employing talented scholars. All these show that these kings had affection with the Hans' culture, which were necessities of their regimes and of great importance in stimulating the melting of different cultures and their feudalization process.


Small mesenteric arteries were dissected from male Wistar rats (225-250g), cannulated with glass pipettes and pressurized to 70 mmHg at 37oC. Changes in arterial diameter were measured using video microscopy and edge tracking software. Phenylephrine was used to generate contraction or to standartize it to 80% when α-adrenergic agonists were applied in lumen and only caused a low level (<80%) of contraction. Cumulative responses to ACh (1 nM – 10 μM added to the bath) were assessed before and during luminal perfusion of other agonists.


Awareness that disease susceptibility is not only dependent on genetic make up, but can be affected by lifestyle decisions, has brought more attention to the role of diet. However, food is often treated as a black box, or the focus is limited to few, well-studied compounds, such as polyphenols, lipids and nutrients. In this work, we applied text mining and Naı¨ve Bayes classification to assemble the knowledge space of food-phytochemical and food-disease associations, where we distinguish between disease prevention/amelioration and disease progression. We subsequently searched for frequently occurring phytochemical-disease pairs and we identified 20,654 phytochemicals from 16,102 plants associated to 1,592 human disease phenotypes. We selected colon cancer as a case study and analyzed our results in three directions; i) one stop legacy knowledge-shop for the effect of food on disease, ii) discovery of novel bioactive compounds with drug-like properties, and iii) discovery of novel health benefits from foods. This works represents a systematized approach to the association of food with health effect, and provides the phytochemical layer of information for nutritional systems biology research. Copyright: ß 2014 Jensen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this study.


State of mind characteristic of the social relationship, paternalism finds its legitimacy in the paternal authority. It invests the economic world in the Middle Ages (corporations) and the capitalist company at the beginning of the 19th Century. Multiform concept, it materializes by social instiutions for employee (« du berceau a la tombe ») and aims to moralise the personnel of the company in its professional life as well as in its private life. Social Policy of « avant-garde », but become pejorative at the 20th Century, it takes new appearance under the term of citizen company, then ethical company and finally socially responsible company. Its methods of action change however with the development of the Welfare state.


We read with great interest the article by Cillóniz et al. [1]. The authors nicely reported and discussed recent literature showing that pneumonia is a common lung infection that can be life-threatening, with particular concern for the elderly. Indeed, the annual incidences of hospitalisation for respiratory infections increase with age from 0.2% (for patients aged <75 years) to 1.9% (for age 80–84 years), 3.2% (for age 85–89 years) and 5.0% (for age ≥90 years) [2]. For the elderly, pneumonia has the greatest risk of death among the common causes of hospitalisation [3]. We do agree with the authors when they concluded that preventive interventions are of pivotal importance to improve outcomes and reduce the occurrence of adverse consequences [1]. However, we would like to emphasise that there is a mismatch between the high morbidity and mortality caused by respiratory infection and the low public awareness of this disease. A large pneumonia awareness survey involving over 9000 adults aged ≥50 years highlighted that most fail to accurately gauge their own pneumonia risk, leading to inadequate pneumonia prevention efforts including low uptake of existing vaccines [4]. The low public awareness of respiratory infection risk and severity in the elderly is a barrier to healthcare delivery and a driver of unhealthy ageing [5]. It is critical to raise awareness of this disease among the general public to improve the management of this largely preventable infectious disease [5]. If breaking a hip feels like a concern for the elderly, then getting pneumonia should be twice as concerning: patients hospitalised for lung infection had 3.3-fold greater in-hospital mortality and 1.8-fold increased risk of death at 2 years https://bit.ly/2Xqsrf6


A conventional dynamic mass spectrometer with an inlet system specially modified for microscale samples was used to measure carbon isotopic ratio of subsamples within individual graphite crystals collected from Hida metamorphic belt, central Japan. The graphite crystals with three different occurrences i.e., in pelitic gneiss, skarn deposit, and crystalline limestone were examined for their isotopic zonation. Single graphite crystals collected from pelitic gneiss and hedenbergite skarn deposit has homogeneous isotopic distribution, whereas composite graphites of marble show complicated zonation which may imply the evolution of the metamorphic fluid during metamorphism.


Background: Sufficient level of vitamin D in blood is required for proper regulation of cell differentiation and proliferation. Unchecked proliferation of cells leads to various disease states. Vitamin D also has immunomodulatory effects in the body. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory and hyperproliferative disease with vitamin D having an impact on it. This case – control study was done to judge the levels of vitamin D in patients of psoriasis compared to age and sex matched controls.

Methods: A case control study was conducted including 50 patients (35 females and 15 males) of chronic plaque psoriasis from dermatology outpatient department of Maharaja Agrasen Medical College (MAMC), Agroha, Haryana, representing patients from north India and 50 healthy controls. Both urban and rural background patients were included.

Results: The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level in psoriasis patients was 22.865±11.386 ng/ml, whereas in controls it was 35.116±11.048 ng/ml (p<0.001). Serum level of 25-OHD in psoriatic patients was deficient (<20 ng/ml) in 26 (52%), insufficient (20-30 ng/ml) in 8 (16%) psoriatic patients.

Conclusions: High prevalence of low vitamin D level was found in this study. We infer that vitamin D does play a role in the pathogenesis, precipitation, exacerbation, or treatment resistance of psoriasis.


The plan of Japanese national land development played a positive role on solving the problems such as the regional economic difference, the industrial space distribution, the development of outlying districts and the environmental protection.\;In this paper, on the basis of the comments and summarize the successful experiences of Japanese national development, four main problems needed to be pay attention in the west exploitation in China were presented as follow. First, it's important to draw up a clear development goal and a feasible development pattern, in addition, through legislative formality to ensure the implementation of the exploitation plan. Second, give full play the part of the public capital and private capital in the west exploitation. Third, bring about a great advance in the development of middle and small cities in the west. Fourth, correctly handle the problems of resources, environment and natural calamity in the west exploitation.


In his long and exceptional career John Collins has distinguished himself in many ways and many functions. I was honored to serve with John as one of the editors of the Dead Sea Discoveries journal. Aside from such editorial responsibilities, I benefited much from John's insights in his critiques of my scholarship. John Collins is one of the few scholars who from the very beginning of their work on the Dead Sea Scrolls studied them in the larger contexts of Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity. It is therefore a pleasure for me to honor John's scholarship by way of this small comparison of Essene anti-Pharisaic polemics with the anti-Jewish polemics of early Christians. For this purpose I will discuss one Essene text, 4QpNah 3–4 iii 1–8, and one passage from the letters of Paul, 1 Thess 2:13–15. In comparing these two polemical texts, I am not interested in whether and how far earlier Jewish literature might have influenced early Christian thought. Instead, I hope to gain new insights into the Judeo-Christian schism. Much effort has been spent in the last two decades on this question. The overall tendency of scholarship has been to see both religions intertwined in a complicated relationship, not parting ways until late antiquity. An example for this position is Daniel Boyarin's book Border Lines.1 Boyarin thinks that only the birth of orthodox Christianity and the dominance of rabbinic Judaism resulted in the final split between the two religions. In his book The Fiscus Judaicus and the Parting of the Ways, Marius Heemstra connects the parting of the ways between Judaism and Christianity with Nerva's reform of the fiscus iudaicus in 96 CE. He argues that Nerva would have more sharply defined who is Jewish and who is not for the sake of his tax reform.2 These are just two examples of many studies and different approaches to the question of the so-called parting of the ways between Judaism and Christianity. There is no disagreement


The seventeenth century has long been considered a watershed in Vietnamese history. It witnessed not only social transformation born of the protracted series of political crises, it also saw the penetration of regional and international trading networks into the country. A combination of internal and external factors led to a remarkable metamorphosis of Vietnamese society and its economy during this eventful century. The vicissitudes in the southern Vietnamese Kingdom of Quinam have been clarified in a series of comprehensive works in recent years, those of Tonkin have remained unstudied. This chapter sketches the major features of Dutch influence on the politics, economy, and society of seventeenth-century Tonkin.Keywords: Dutch-Vietnamese Interactions; Quinam; seventeenth century; Tonkin


Introduction: Hysterectomy is one of the most common operations in the world. It is divided into two main abdominal and vaginal categories. Each type has usually specific indications but sometimes they have common indications. The main causes of abdominal hysterectomy are uterine fibroma, AUB, resistant PID, endometriosis, gynecologic malignancies, adenomyosis with vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain and cervical CIN and the most important indication for vaginal hysterectomy is uterine prolaps. Considering the importance and prevalence of hysterectomy and its side effects, we decided to compare the complications of vaginal versus abdominal hysterictomy to try to define more solid criteria for selecting hysterectomy method for the candidate patients. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control (retrospective) analytic study.Data was collected from March 2001 until March 2003 of patient who had hysterectomies in GYN Department of Yahyanejad hospital in Babol. Of the 339 women who had undergone hysterectomy, 57 (16.8%) had received vaginal and 282 (83.2%) abdominal hysterectomy. The Variables Considered included age, days of hospitalization, decrease in hemoglobin concentration and other early side effects of hysterectomy. The data was analyzed by SPSS software Program using χ2, ttest and fisher's exact test and multiple logistic model. Results: The mean age of the Patients who had undergone hysterectomy was 58.5±12 years for Vaginal and 44.69±7.9 years for abdominal hysterectomy. The overall Complication rates were 23.7% and 5.3% (p=0.01) for abdominal and Vaginal hysterectomies, respectively. Fever was the main complication after surgery with a frequency of 18.4% and 3.5% for abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies, respectively. The decrease in hematocrit was lower in abdominal (2.39±2.05%) than in vaginal (3.76±1.32%) hysterectomy (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicate that the overall complications in vaginal hysterectomy are less than abdominal which may suggest that vaginal hysterectomy may be an appropriate alternative for abdominal hysterectomy.


As the world's population continues to grow in size and in age, it remains vital to develop streamlined and affordable technologies to address the needs of those who require companionship and care. The elderly and visually impaired remain a significant and ever-increasing segment of society, yet due to the cost of at-home health care, many of these individuals are unable to afford full-time caretakers to assist with everyday tasks. Although the luxury of at-home care remains elusive to many due to the associated cost, social robots are an important and meaningful way to overcome this issue. This research explores how combining the principles of biomimicry and social robotics with the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance assistive technology. This paper proposes a novel assistive device called the Jet-I-U, which aims to support visually impaired and elderly individuals with day-to-day tasks. The Jet-I-U mimics the behavioral and physical characteristics of a pet scarlet macaw and provides both information and companionship to this demographic. The device emulates a scarlet macaw's morphology and movement through laser-cut features and various biomimetic components. The intelligence and behavioral characteristics of the macaw are modeled by the application of IoT Edge platforms, AI, and Machine Learning (ML). By utilizing powerful off-the-shelf microcontrollers like the NVIDIA Jetson Nano and Raspberry Pi, this device is both affordable and practical. Experimental analysis was performed to evaluate Jet-I-U's performance based on several criteria. The results demonstrated the versatility and applicability of the proposed solution as a companion to the visually impaired and elderly.


Rainfall infiltration is one of the reasons for slope failures.In order to investigate the wetting deformation of slope under rainfall infiltration,an unsaturated flow-deformation coupling model was presented based on the im-proved basic Barcelona model and the mechanical theory of unsaturated porous media.Numerical simulations were conducted to examine the seepage field and wetting field of unsaturated slope during rainfall infiltration.The influ-ences of rainfall duration,rainfall intensity and soil saturated permeability on seepage field and deformation were studied.The simulated results show that the presented model is reasonable in reflecting the actual behavior of slope under rainfall infiltration,and that the maximum wetting deformation occurrs at both the corner of slope surface and the top of slope.The relationship between rainfall intensity and saturated permeability also has a great influence on the variation of pore-water pressure and displacements.The pore-water pressure and displacements increase with rainfall intensity when the rainfall intensity is greater than the saturated permeability.The pore-water pressure and displace-ments increase more obviously when saturated permeability approaches rainfall intensity than those when the former is far greater or less than the latter.


Thegoalof this investigationis to numericallysimulatetheeffectsof oscillatory actuatorsplacedon theleadingedgeof anairfoil, andto quantifytheeffectsof oscillatory blowing onanairfoil stall behavior. It hasbeendemonstratedexperimentallythatperiodic blowing candelayflow separationat highangleof attack. Thecomputationsareto beperformed for aTAU 0015airfoil atahigh Reynoldsnumberof 1 x 106 with turbulent flow conditions. The two-equation Wilcox k (o turbulence model has been shown to provide reliable descriptions of transition and turbulence at high Reynolds numbers. The results are to be compared to Seifert's experimental data. Introduction Studies indicate that when periodic flow excitation is applied to airfoils, it can effectively delay flow separation. There have been several approaches introduced to reduce flow separation, namely, deformation of the leading edge of an airfoil, steady blowing and several different methods of oscillatory blowing applied to the airfoil. This research is focused on steady or oscillatory blowing on the leading edge of an airfoil. Studies have indicated that oscillatory/periodic blowing is significantly more efficient than steady suction or steady blowing at controlling separation, t_'2'31 Not only that, the implementation of a controlled periodic excitation is more feasible than steady blowing. Experiments on a NACA 0015 airfoil with low Reynolds number have shown that the incompressible maximum lift coefficient, Cl,m,x, can be increased by more than 15%. In addition, the post-stall lift can be increased by as much as 50% and post-stall drag can be reduced by more than 50%. [4] The airfoil that is currently being investigated is the TAU 0015, which was tested in a low-speedwind tunnelat Tel-Aviv University (TAU). Finally, experimentsperformedovera wide rangeof ReynoldsandMachnumbersshowedthatperiodicexcitationcaneffectivelydelay turbulentboundarylayerseparationandreattachflows.E_'2'31 Furtherresearchin activecontrol hasshownthatReynoldsnumberscorrespondingto ajetliner at takeoffconditionwere successfullyapplied.E21Thenumericalmodelbeingusedis thecompressibleNavier-Stokes OSC2Dcodeimplementingthetwo-equationWilcox k-to turbulence model. Predictions will be compared with the experimental results produced by Seifert TMas well as with the computational results from Joslin et al. [61and Donovan et al. _71. Airfoil Geometry A common practice in experiments is to use a blunt or finite thickness trailing edge. However, for computational and grid generation purposes we implement a sharp trailing edge. The NACA 00xx airfoils with a finite thickness trailing edge are described by c-[ 0.20 __ O[ c ) + at + a2 4 +as c +a4 7 (1) where t/_c is the thickness-chord ratio (e.g., t/_c:O.15 for a NACA 0015 airfoil). The constant coefficients for the equation (1) are: ao = 0.2969, al = -0.1260, a2 = -0.3516, as = 0.2843 and a4 = -0.1015. [81 The coefficient of the x2 component is changed to a2 = -0.3537, to convert the NACA 00xx airfoil from a blunt trailing edge to a sharp trailing edge. The coordinate data for the TAU 0015 airfoil provided by Seifert includes a notch at the leading edge, a notch at x/_c ---0. 76 on the upper surface, and a finite thickness trailing edge. The notch on the upper surface will be ignored in this study. By using a similar approach to that describedabove,theTAU 0015dataprovidedby Seifertwasconvertedto a sharptrailingedge by thetransformations Y = Yd,,_ -0.001575('71 )2 (2) where .71 =(x+0"003281 is a function ofthe specified length for the upper surface of the t,)l. 00328 airfoil, and Y = Yd,,, + 0.001570( .72 )2 (3) where .72 = (x + 0.00656 _ is a function of the specified length for the lower surface of the , 1.00656 ) airfoil. The difference between equations (2) and (3) is due to the definition of points on the trailing edge at the upper and lower surfaces. Now, by modifying the NACA 0015 equation we can closely match the values produced the equations above with y = Y//fc° and x = _c ° , and let co = 1.0 for comparison purposes. from First, the upper surface of the airfoil is described by y, =O.75(ao xg + alx + a2x 2 + a3x3 + a4x4 ), for 0.3 <_x<_l.O (4.a) and Yt2 = O. 75(aoXl _ + alx I + a2xl 2 + a3xl J + a4xl 4 ), for 0.00328 < x < 0.3 0.3 ) where, xt = (x + 0.00328 0.3 --328 " The lower surface is described by and ybt =-O.75(aoXk_ + alx + a2 x2 + a3x 3 + a4x4 ), for 0.3


For the practical application of a large-capacity solid heat storage device, its internal heating element is affected by electromagnetic force and its own mechanical strength in a high temperature and high pressure environment, which is prone to problems such as its own deformation, short circuit, component breakdown or even fracture, which leads to the entire storage The thermal device cannot operate safely. Therefore, it is very important to ensure that the electromagnetic distribution and stress distribution of the heating element in the heat storage hole are reasonable. In this paper, through the mathematical modeling of spiral and waveform electric heating elements, the electromagnetic distribution characteristics of two different structures of heating elements are analyzed by using the finite element method, the bending mode of strip waveform heating elements is optimized and the relationship between the magnetic density of fillet waveform elements with different levels of voltage and different wave distance is calculated. Experiments show that the wave element is better than the spiral element in terms of magnetic density distribution, electric field distribution and breakdown strength. In addition, experiments have found that a large wave distance can effectively reduce the magnetic density distribution and improve the stability and safety of the device's operation.


Browse Archival/Heritage Resources by Repository - U - Companion to Tasmanian History - NAME is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of SUBJECT with links to related articles and images. ADD MORE DESCRIPTION AS REQUIRED


Motivation: similarity between arms. In various bandit problems, we may have information on similarity between arms, in the sense that 'similar' arms have similar expected rewards. For example, arms can correspond to "items" (e.g., documents) with feature vectors, and similarity can be expressed as some notion of distance between feature vectors. Another example would be the dynamic pricing problem, where we have numerical similarity between prices, and it is often assumed that similar prices correspond to similar expected rewards.


Aerial photograph of Arundel. The Arn River, Arundel Castle and city are visible. The surrounding countryside fills the rest of the frame.


The article is devoted to the main directions of scientific activities of the Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GC RAS) and the National Geophysical Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NGK RAS) in 2016. The most important results of scientific research of the year, topics and projects carried out within the framework of a state assignment, fundamental programs of the Presidium and ONZ RAS, Federal Target Program, projects of the RFBR and RSF, as well as a grant from the President of the Russian Federation are listed. The article reflects publishing and international activities.


ObjectiveTo research the objective law in TCM literature about Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma of Lung Classification based on differential diagnosis.MethodsA number of literatures which were public home reported since 1994 have been analysed,and 9 groups of datesummarized are compared by chi square test.ResultsCommon syndromes of Primary Bronchogenic Carcinoma of Lung are as follows:deficiency of qi and yin,fever due to deficiency of yin,qi-deficiency,phlegm and dampness due to spleen insufficiency qi-stagnation and blood stasis.ConclusionThe statistical result has great significance to confirm the Term classification of Primary Bronchogenic Carunoma of Lung.


Part 1 From science 2.0 (2000-2010) The web 2.0 revolution, and the promise of science 2.0: The web as a platform: Web services, the cloud, and the app The network as a science platform Harnessing collective intelligence Collective science Data as the 'next Intel Inside' Open science data The state of Science 2.0 A reluctance to change Scepticism and the promise of Science 2.0 The lack of a supportive environment. Part 2 To Pharma 2.0: Health 2.0 and beyond: 2.0 becomes Social Media Big promises: Is there gold? Leading health 2.0 and social media sites and applications The digital Pharma: The pharma industry adopts Social attempts 5 top stories The digital Pharma influence The industry watches The industry remains cautious (the dark face of SoMe). Part 3 To Pharma 3.0 (2010-): Semantic search in Life Sciences: Semantic? What's this? What do researchers expect A survey of biomedical semantic interfaces The future will be semantic The semantic for Pharmas Enterprise 2.0 and web 2.0: Enterprise 2.0 MS SharePoint 2010 And the next revolutions are? Next 3.0: Science 3.0 Pharma 3.0 Big STM 3.0 Conclusion.


The swimming patterns of zoospores of the green alga Ulva linza in the vicinity of a surface were investigated by digital in-line holography. Full 3D motion patterns were retrieved from measurements and the traces obtained were compared with known swimming patterns of spores of the brown alga Hincksia irregularis and the green alga Ulva linza as seen in a conventional optical microscope. Quantitative information such as swimming velocity was calculated from the 3D traces. The results demonstrate the potential of digital in-line holography to image and quantify exploratory patterns of behavior of motile spores close to surfaces. This technique can give detailed insight into mechanisms of surface colonization by spores and larvae of fouling organisms in response to changes in surface properties.


Aim: To test the evidence for a difference in analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) given by different routes.


Heterocyclic β-Enamino Esters. 57. Studies on the N-Glycosylation of Heterocondensed Uracils

N-Glycosylations of various heterocondensed uracils of the general type 4 are described. The thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines (9a-e) afford with 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-D-ribofuranose (7) the corresponding 1-ribosides (10a-e) in a modified Hilbert-Johnson-Birkofer synthesis; from these 10a was smoothly saponified to give the free riboside 11a. – In a more generally applicable stereospecific sodium salt glycosylation procedure employing α-acetobromglucose, the 1-glucosides 12–16 and with β-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl chloride (SEM-Cl) a variation of acyclonucleosides 17–22 have been obtained. The structure of 18a has been confirmed by X-ray analysis.


The present invention is based on the finding for the first time the antitumor activity of tissue retention chitosan gel, to provide an anti-tumor composition containing a tissue retention chitosan gel. Tissue retention chitosan gel of the present invention, a chitosan derivative obtained by introducing a sugar chain as a basic, its sugar chain-containing chitosan derivative chitosan gel was then further introducing a photoreactive group by photo crosslinking or sugar chain-containing chitosan derivatives with other substances such as chitosan gel consisting of polyion complex with acidic polysaccharides are preferable. Antitumor composition of the present invention, only keep disposed in the vicinity of the tumor, the tumor growth can be suppressed without contacting the tumor tissue.


Device control information acquisition unit (120) acquires the identification information of the controlled device control parameter is modified equipment, the device control information and a control parameter after the change. Effect partition determination unit (122), and by reference to the device performance data (126) arrangement data (125), the control target device determining the influence affected compartment. Mismatch detection unit (123) refers to the effects on the indoor unit is affected zone during operation, and the effect on the control target device is affected compartment in accordance with the device control information. Mismatch detection unit (123), based on whether these referenced effect is a predetermined relationship, and detects inconsistent states.


Abstract In the article a new analytical approximate method for modeling multi-service switching networks with overflow links is proposed. The method can be used for blocking probability calculation in switching networks that are offered multi-service traffic generated by finite and infinite number of sources, i.e., in switching networks with multi-service Engset traffic, in switching networks with multiservice Erlang traffic, as well as in multi-service switching networks with Erlang and Engset traffic. The simulation study performed proves high accuracy of the method proposed and confirms the correctness and validity of all adopted theoretical assumptions.


Species of the genus Trichoderma sp. are considered as potential biocontrol agents (BCA) for many plant diseases. The effectiveness of biocontrol agents depends on several parameters therefore their application showed consider climatic factor that could affect their biocontrol capacity.The present study examined the antagonistic potential of two Trichoderma sp. strains (Td85 and Td50) against Rhizoctonia solani depending on pH (4.5;5.5) and temperature (25°C, 30°C). Both strains of Trichoderma sp. studied inhibit stronger growth of Rhizoctonia solani at 30°C compared to 25°C. Also our results revealed that both strains of Trichoderma have maximum antagonistic ability to Rhizoctonia solani strain at pH=4.5.


l. Onshore and at sea metabolism and water turnover of Little Blue Penguins, Eudyptula minor, attempting to breed during September 1984 on Phillip Island, Australia, were measured using the doubly-labeled water method. 2. Water influx of two penguins fasting onshore was 18.1 ml/kg.d, with a CO* production of 0.903 ml/kg.hr and was estimated to be 1.31 kJ/kg.d or 1.3 times the standard metabolic rate (SMR). 3. Food intake of two penguins at sea was 167g/kg.d or 855 kJ/kg.d of anchovies and pilchards estimated from a mean water influx of 146 ml/kg.d. 4. CO, production of these two birds while onshore and at sea was 1.479 ml/kg.hr on 916 kJ/kg.d, 2.2 times the estimated SMR. 5. The at-sea metabolism estimated from activity budgets and metabolic data of birds onshore and of birds onshore and at sea was 1124 kJ/kg.d, 2.6 times SMR.


The pertinent literature on bacteriologic study of the urine has been reviewed in brief.
 Bacteriologic studies, including cultures, Gram stains and colony counts, of catheterized and voided specimens of urine from girls aged 2 to 12 years, were carried out in three groups: Group I: paired specimens (catheter and clean voided). Group II: clean voided specimens. Group III: random non-clean voided specimens.
 There was a 96.5% positive correlation between catheter and clean voided specimens obtained by a standardized technique from the same patients; the time interval between the two types of examinations was less than 1 hour.
 Colony counts provide a valid means of differentiating infection from contamination in both clean voided and catheter specimens from female children. The data suggest that urines containing less than 1,000 colonies/ml are indicative of contamination; urines containing between 1,000 and 100,000 colonies/ml are to be suspected of infection, and urines containing more than 100,000 colonies/ml of urine are indicative of infection.
 Clean voided specimens are valid only if the patient is prepared before collection of the specimen as carefully as for catheterization.
 Where doubtful results are obtained, the study of more than one specimen of urine is absolutely necessary. In our experience, follow-up studies resolved doubtful findings in every instance.
 Under certain circumstances, catheterization must remain a necessary procedure in the diagnosis and management of infection of the urinary tract, with the full realization that the use of this instrumentation may involve the risk of introducing infection.
 Our results confirm previous findings that the presence of organisms in Gram stains in the absence of epithelial cells from catheter or clean voided specimens of urine is of diagnostic significance.


Despite the predominance of Black athletes in much of collegiate athletics today, Black coaches constitute a small proportion of the total coaching population. To this end, we posited that the deficiency could be attributed to the notion that Black coaches leave the profession sooner than do White coaches. In taking an institutional theory perspective, the purpose of this study was to examine possible differences between Black and White assistant coaches for affective occupational commitment and intent to leave the coaching profession. Results of multiple hierarchical regression analyses indicate that normative isomorphic pressures are significant predictors of professional socialization, which in turn predicts commitment to the profession. Finally, there is an inverse relationship between affective occupational commitment and intent to leave the profession. Findings from the study supported the theory to explain the paucity of Black coaches in the NCAA by demonstrating that the deficit could be attributed to the fact that more Black coaches intend to leave the profession than do White coaches. This is true regardless of the fact that Black coaches perceived greater professional socialization than Whites and similar feelings of affective commitment. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.


Potensia. Thinking tools for the reflection on professional work with marginal groups. In modern society, much is done to allow marginalised groups to participate in the 'normal' order. This PhD thesis focuses on power and counterforce within the network around marginalised groups. Starting point is a particular, local situation, which may be exemplary for other cases: a multi-problem group, which has been constructed by social care providers, the so-called Top50 of Caribbean Dutch men and the network around this group. This dissertation searches for thinking tools that may be useful in reflecting on how policy makers and professionals work with such marginal groups. Foucault's analysis of the practices of power provides a starting point for describing professional interventions and policies as normalising power strategies. De Certeau's distinction between strategies and tactics offers a useful supplement. Using this distinction, the manner in which the various actors relate to normalising power strategies can be made visible. Finally, the concept of 'logics', as defined by Mol, may be used to construct different patterns of thinking and acting of the actors. In this case five logics have been constructed: individual care, community care, security, 'Change the Mindset' and political logic. Conclusion The concepts 'normalising power, 'strategies and tactics' and 'logics' can be used as thinking tools, which aid the reflection on work with marginalised groups. These concepts should not be used separately, but the toolbox of social work professionals an policy makers should contain all of them, in order to reflect effectively.


The mouse mutant ducky and its allele ducky2J represent a model for absence epilepsy characterized by spike-wave seizures and cerebellar ataxia. These mice have mutations in Cacna2d2, which encodes the α2δ-2 calcium channel subunit. Of relevance to the ataxic phenotype, α2δ-2 mRNA is strongly expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). The Cacna2d2du2J mutation results in a 2 bp deletion in the coding region and a complete loss of α2δ-2 protein. Here we show that du2J/du2J mice have a 30% reduction in somatic calcium current and a marked fall in the spontaneous PC firing rate at 22°C, accompanied by a decrease in firing regularity, which is not affected by blocking synaptic input to PCs. At 34°C, du2J/du2J PCs show no spontaneous intrinsic activity. Du2J/du2J mice also have alterations in the cerebellar expression of several genes related to PC function. At postnatal day 21, there is an elevation of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and a reduction in tenascin-C gene expression. Although du2J/+ mice have a marked reduction in α2δ-2 protein, they show no fall in PC somatic calcium currents or increase in cerebellar tryrosine hydroxylase gene expression. However, du2J/+ PCs do exhibit a significant reduction in firing rate, correlating with the reduction in α2δ-2. A hypothesis for future study is that effects on gene expression occur as a result of a reduction in somatic calcium currents, whereas effects on PC firing occur as a long-term result of loss of α2δ-2 and/or a reduction in calcium currents and calcium-dependent processes in regions other than the soma.


Due to covered karst region,several surface collapses have occurred in the segment from DK345+960 to DK347+030 of Yichang-Wanzhou Railway.For purpose of keeping safety and stability of railway roadbed,the method of borehole pressure grouting is adopted to deal with its foundation.Through the analysis on collapse mechanism of covered karst surface and water environment conditions after grouting,it is found that the measures adopted,underground path for transferring water reserved by cover plate and grouting scope controlled strictly in construction,are not only reinforce the karst roadbed,but also protect the water environment,therefore,the quality and quantity of well and spring near to railway are not affected by grouting.


Inter‐organizational collaboration is increasingly a topic for studies into accidents and disasters as well as exercises. In this study, which is based on interviews with first responders, we compared perceived collaboration during an exercise with crisis work. The three organizations included in this study—fire department, police and ambulance services—perceived the investigated tunnel exercise completely different, ranging from harmonious interaction to power struggles between commanding officers, fragmented decision‐making and ambiguity. When comparing the exercise with an incident, we found that collaboration was more evident during incidents than in exercises. However, collaboration exercises appear to improve inter‐organizational collaboration by stimulating informal structures, practicing listening and delegating, getting to know one another and learning a common language.


The 137Cs tracing technology has been used the most extensively in the study on soil erosion,but with the decay of 137Cs in the environment,it is of critical importance to find a replacement for 137Cs.Compared with 137Cs,artificial radioactive species,plutonium isotopes,which originate from the same source,have a longer half-life(24 110 years for 239Pu and 6 561 years for 240Pu),and are more easily to get adsorbed by soil particles.Especially with the development of measuring technology,the technologies of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) and accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) are readily available for application,thus making the determination of Pu isotopes more efficient and more sensitive than that of 137Cs.Consequently,Pu isotopes can be used as ideal replacements of 137Cs as tracer in the study on soil erosion.In this paper analysis was done of the base for Pu isotopes being used as tracer in soil erosion from the three aspects:(1) source and distribution;(2) the adsorption and fixation of Pu in soil;(3) methods for measuring plutonium isotopes;a brief introduction was presented to the basic principles and application of Pu isotopes as tracer in the study on soil erosion;and discussions were conducted on orientation of the study on further application of Pu isotopes as tracer.


The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member, the electrophotographic photosensitive member without transfer enhancement can be maintained for a long current high transfer efficiency and good image, even if it is in particular for a color electrophotographic apparatus, it may be without enhanced transfer current can be maintained long-term high transfer efficiency, good image. In addition, also provided a process cartridge and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a support, wherein the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains diorganopolysiloxane, the diorganopolysiloxane containing a specific repeating structural units and α beta], a weight-average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000, the content of the diorganopolysiloxane in the surface layer relative to the total mass of the surface layer is 0.01 to 20 mass% (wherein the surface layer contains fluorine resin particles atoms except in the case).


Diatom assemblages were studied from the surface sediments of 20 seepage lakes in Adirondack Park, New York (U.S.A.). Diatom species composition was similar to that recorded in nearby drainage lakes, but the relative proportions of the taxa were different. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that lakewater pH, watershed area, and elevation were important environmental variables correlated with the distribution of diatom taxa. Weighted-averaging regression and calibration were used to develop a lakewater inference model using the relative abundance of diatom taxa in the surface sediments of seepage lakes. This transfer function was then applied to infer pre-industrial lakewater pH from diatoms preserved in pre-industrial sediments of 13 seepage lakes. Our data indicate that, similar to Adirondack drainage lakes, recent acidification has occurred in seepage lakes; however, the magnitude of acidification has been less in the seepage lakes.


The excitation of both surface polaritons and deep-level photoluminescence are observed and characterized in an array of ZnO nanowires with 40- to 50-nm diameter and 800-nm length that is being deposited on the end facet of a standard single-mode fiber.


The "old way to perform this analysis (still available) was based on the calculation of the RICS spatial correlation in one region followed by a fit of a model (generally one diffusion component) until all the image was analyzed. Although there is nothing wrong with this approach, since it is based on a fit, it is unstable and regions of the images appear to have very large or small values of D or G(o) due to the lack of convergence of the fit.


Many studies on grasshopper predict system have been done in Gansu province,but there were still some problems in happening law and predict system. So, we should utilize the primary data to carry on the fitting test by computer and go on with field survey to set up a systematic model which could predict happing dynamics of grasshopper precisely. At the same time, the established model combined with plenty of expert knowledge were used to develop the software of expert system for forecasting grasshopper population in Gansu province on DET platform and computer network,this software can make the grasshopper control more purposefully,planned and emphasized.


In this work, natural-based and biodegradable nanofibers were produced by electrospinning for drug delivery and wound dressing applications, using gelatin (Gel), chitosan (CS), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and natural propolis extract. The polymeric formulations and electrospinning parameters were optimized, resulting in the development of Gel/CS nanofibers with mean diameters of 97 nm. CNC were successfully introduced into the optimized Gel/CS solution and the viscosity and conductivity values were recorded. The developed nanofibers were characterized using FESEM, ATR-FTIR, TGA and WCA. The incorporation of different CNC concentrations improved the solutions' electrospinnability and the membranes' physical integrity. Defect-free and uniform Gel/CS/CNC nanofibers were observed by FESEM images, and the fibers' diameters slight increased. The hydrophilic character was maintained after the CNC incorporation. Finally, Gel/CS/CNC/Propolis nanofibers demonstrated antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria.


The magnetic and electrical properties of ferromagentic∕superconducting∕ferromagnetic trilayers as a function of the thickness of the superconducting (SC) layer (between 5 and 15 monolayers) were measured. La2∕3Ca1∕3MnO3∕YBa2Cu3O7−δ∕La2∕3Ca1∕3MnO3 trilayered films were fabricated in situ on (001) SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates using dc sputtering with high oxygen pressures (3.5mbar). The crystalline quality of the trilayers was analyzed by x-ray diffraction. Transport and magnetic measurements revealed a weak dependence of the ferromagnet's (FMs) Curie temperature TFMC and the FM magnetization on the thickness of the SC layer, and a strong dependence of the superconducting transition temperature TC.


According to the security risk characteristics of urban rail transit,the implementation of security risk management during the construction period and the preparatory stage in Beijing metro Line 9 are introduced in terms of its technology and management.The related engineering experience is also summarized and reviewed,with suggestions to further strengthen security risk management in new metro construction proposed.


With the deepening of the student evaluation reform in basic education,the examination of student academic achievement has expanded to the formative evaluation,which emphasizes the process of learning.As one important means of formative evaluation,classroom assessment has played the important roles in raising the quality of student learning and improving the methods of teaching.Classroom assessment can examine the student understanding of knowledge,analyzing and reasoning,synthesizing and criticizing,problem solving,learning methods and affective outcomes.Teachers may implement the classroom assessment through written feedback,classroom observation,learning journals and peer review.In order to improve the effectiveness of classroom assessment,teachers should clearly define evaluation contents,use multiple evaluation approaches,elaborately organize evaluation activities,provide timely feedback and utilizeevaluation results.


Modern Oceanographic bathymetry, hydrography and sub-bottom profiling systems typically require accurate ambient noise and propagation loss data in order to produce peak results. This paper describes a class of digital signal processing algorithms for analyzing these parameters, A class of FIR digital filters and an Incremental Fourier Transform implemented in a recursive algorithm are included. These algorithms can be implemented on a general purpose minicomputer operating in real-time.