At the heart of this book is the true story of a young woman who assisted in the murder of her father after suffering years of imprisonment, beatings and rapes at his hand. Although these events happened near Rome in the late 1500s, most forensic practitioners will have heard a similar tale from present-day patients or prison inmates: plus ça change. The young woman concerned was Beatrice Cenci, daughter of a man whose first marriage was arranged by his parents when he was only 14, in a bid to curtail his already worrying 'solitary excesses' and 'dangerous contact with courtesans'. The strategy failed, and during Beatrice's childhood Francesco was convicted on numerous occasions for acts of extreme violence, brutality and 'sexual abnormality', often against his servants (both male and female). Francesco largely managed to buy his way out of serious trouble (it was not then unusual for those convicted of sodomy to be burned at the stake) with his vast wealth, and by restoring churches to appease the Pope. He was eventually forced to leave Rome in fear for his life, and took his second wife and the 18-year-old Beatrice with him to a remote, fortress-like castle in the country. For two years he kept both women locked in two attic rooms, where most of the windows were nailed shut, and into which food was passed to them through a 'wicket' in the door. When Francesco felt like it, he would bring their meals himself, and 'leave at his good will' after he had finished with Beatrice. Unable to tolerate her father's treatment any longer, Beatrice hatched a plan to kill him, the deed eventually being carried out by two sympathetic servants. It was through their over-hasty disposal of his body that the fact that he did not die of natural causes was soon discovered. Beatrice and her co-conspirators were tried, convicted and executed, but 'the scale of public mourning was nevertheless a surprise . . . contemporary commentators emphasized her beauty, her strength of character, and the vulnerability and powerlessness associated with her age and sex'. Her funeral cortège was accompanied by a vast crowd of torch-bearers to a candle-lit church, where The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, March 2005; 16(1): 192 – 204


ECG data are biosignals with unique characteristics that can be obtained regardless of time and space constraints. Owing to these advantages, they have been widely used for not only diagnosing diseases but also recognizing people. Numerous studies have been conducted and various feature vectors from a large amount of data have been suggested to improve recognition performance. The key to extracting feature vectors is to extract differences in one-dimensional ECG signals without loss in order to recognize human identity. In this paper, we propose new feature vectors based on fiducial points. These feature vectors have simple and clear shapes that combine temporal and amplitude information. The discriminator operating in the proposed human identification system measures distance-based similarity. This method alleviates computational burden and enables the human identification system to run in real time. Based on the system, we conducted a number of recognition experiments. The experimental results proved that the proposed feature vectors are valid information that represents significant differences between individuals. In the experiments with 100 subjects, we obtained a recognition rate of over 94% when two or more than two heartbeat signals were used, and confirmed that as the number of input heartbeats increased the performance also improved proportionally.


Flame Spray Pyrolysis (FSP) was used to synthesize maghemite (y-Fe2O3) nanoparticles of BET-equivalent diameter (dBET) of 5nm, 13nm, and 20nm. Composite nanostructures of SiO2/ y-Fe2O3 with different Fe:Si molar ratios were produced using either a one-step FSP method or by sol-gel coating of silica onto the FSP-produced 13nm γ-Fe2O3 core. The physical, chemical and magnetic properties of the γ-Fe2O3 and SiO2/ y-Fe2O3 nanostructures were characterized, with the nanostructures showing predominantly superparamagnetic behaviour at room temperature. To observe the potential use of these particles for protein separation, adsorption and desorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto y-Fe2O3 and SiO2/ y-Fe2O3 particles were studied in phosphate and formate buffers. Highest BSA binding capacity of 373+-20mg/g with a dissociation constant of 0.016gL-1 was obtained for FSP 5nm y-Fe2O3 in 10mM formate buffer, while desorption was best achieved by shifting the pH of suspension from 5.3 to 9 using K2HPO4. The substantial affinity of BSA towards the particles surface, coupled with mild desorption conditions and easy recovery under external magnetic field render these particles ideal for protein separation purposes. The synthesized particles are promising nanomaterials for efficient bioseparation.


Thermal-receiver-detectable THz radiation is generated from the femtosecond-laser-irradiated, magnetic-field-enhanced InAs emitter, by optimization of the geometrical layout and magnetic field direction. Based on this information, a compact emitter using a fiber laser and permanent magnet is designed.


Today, SAS is the most important corporate type in Colombia. The reinforced protection of the patrimonial liability of its partners is, undoubtedly, one of the major characteristics in the election process by the businessperson. However, these good intentions are threatened or at least limited by making a 'reading' based on constitutional principles and values. This article, the first of two texts, makes an approach to the general theory of the figure of the lifting of the corporate veil through the constitutionalization of law. Key WorDs: asset liability, piercing the veil of corporate entity, Simplified Stock Company, constitutionalisation of law, corporate case law. William David Hernández-Martínez


This article describes a model of reproductive health (RH) for men that was reviewed in May 1997 by panelists from Kenya Pakistan and the US. The model offers a framework for program development and service delivery for mens RH. Services for men fall into 3 major groups for on-site and referral services: screening for basic health services; IEC; and clinical diagnosis. The chart indicates major heading by topic or condition. The provision of RH services for men may require new ways of examining the means by which most RH professionals dispense with care; clinic policies and the clinic environment; staff attitudes; and additional training. AVSC International has contracted with several mens RH technicians to create a curriculum for training providers and sensitizing workers. The aim is to produce a step-by-step guide for designing and delivering comprehensive health services for men. The curriculum will provide a guide to examination of male patients instruction on male anatomy and physiology and information on organizational and attitudinal issues. The curriculum should offer administrators the option of creating a welcoming male-friendly atmosphere. Service should fulfill mens and womens complementary reproductive needs. The curriculum should be adaptable to a variety of environments provider time constraints and resources. The model will be tested in the US and Ghana. The effort aims to safeguard access to existing womens services and to enhance mens services. This model fulfills needs outlined in the 1994 ICPD Plan of Action.


Background The iwantthekit (IWTK) internet recruitment screening program began in 2004 and offered an opportunity to determine trends in prevalence for women and men were screened for STIs. Objectives To determine significance in trends for STIs for the population accessing screening over time. Methods Participants were recruited via the internet to request home collection kits and to collect either vaginal or penile swabs at home with subsequent mailing to a laboratory for screening for chlamydia (CT), gonorrhoea (GC), and trichomonas (TV) by NAATs. Prevalence for women and men were calculated by year and race for 2004–2011 for each organism. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine significance of temporal trends in gender-, STI-specific prevalence controlling for annual demographic composition of participants. Results 3363 women were screened for CT and GC from 2004 to 2011; TV screening was added in 2006 (N=2692). From 2006 to 2011, 1370 men were screened for CT, GC, and TV. Prevalence varied: CT: 5.5%–10.6%; GC: 0.3%–2.7%; TV: 5.8%–13.3% for females and CT: 8.0%–15.4%; GC: 0.7%–1.9%; TV: 0.8%–12.4% for males. Most users were from Maryland (70.1%). The only statistically significant linear downtrend by year was CT prevalence in male participants <25 yr from 23.1% in 2007 to 12.5% in 2011, which was 2.4%/yr (p=0.012); while the prevalence in male ¡Ý25 years remained relatively stable from 6.2% in 2007 to 5.5% in 2011 (p=0.911). The remainder of STI prevalences in females and males did not show a downward linear trend by calendar year. GC prevalence in females was significantly correlated with the per cent of Black participants (p=0.030), while TV prevalence in females was positively associated with the number of participants <25 yr (p=0.032). Conclusions IWTK attracted participants with high-risk sexual behaviours to use home collection for STI testing. Prevalence by year and by organism, for the most part, did not show a significant downward trend.


The lattice model of a classical electron liquid with the Coulomb interaction and zero kinetic energy is considered. It is shown by both qualitative arguments and computer modeling that in this system the Coulomb gap exists near the chemical potential. Arguments are given that this is true for the nonideal quantum liquid as well. Nearest-neighbor hopping conductivity is studied at d=2. At low temperatures, the conductivity mechanism is shown to be a many-electron diffusion. At very small external disorder, the crossover from the diffusion to percolation has been found


The light induced additions of CF3I and C2F5I to acetylene yield the trans 1:1 adducts predominantly [CF3CH=CHI (trans:cis = 6.7:1) and C2F5CH=CHI (trans:cis = 9:1)]. The addition of i-C3F7I to ace...


In view of technologies for development and utilization of offshore wind,including the construction of wind farms(wind turbine arrangement,installation and transportation,operation monitoring etc.),wind turbine design,grid(high voltage system,undersea cables,onshore input facility etc.),the article compares and analyzes the technology differences between offshore and onshore wind.The result shows that the offshore wind is more difficult and has higher requirements than the onshore wind in aspects of foundation installation,operation and maintenance etc.It gives reference for further development of the offshore wind.


Matthew Evangelista, The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union? Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2003. Pp.352, biblio., index. $49.95/£29.43 (cloth); $19.95/£11.75 (paper). ISBN 0–8157–2498–5 and ‐2499–3. Matthew Evangelista argues that both Chechen wars have resulted from misperceptions by Russian officials who erroneously believed that the Russian Federation was on the verge of disintegration due to the spread of popular separatism. His analytical overview of the two conflicts offers useful segments on decision‐making in the Yelstin administration, the interwar years, recentralization, and a comparative study of selected Russian regions. However, the author fails to recognize key differences between the two Chechen wars, and overlooks other important distinctions. His analysis suffers from inconsistencies and errors stemming from his research methodology. These difficulties raise broader issues about the study of this strategic region.


3D perception of objects is critical for many real-world applications, such as autonomous cars and robots. Among them, most state-of-the-art (SOTA) 3D perception systems are based on deep learning models. Recently, the research community found that 3D object classifiers on point cloud based on deep learning are easily fooled by adversarial point cloud craft by attackers. To overcome this, adversarial defenses are considered the most effective ways to improve the robustness of deep learning models, and most adversarial defenses on point cloud are focused on input transformation. However, all previous defense methods decrease the natural accuracy, and the nature of the point cloud classifiers itself has been overlooked. To this end, in this paper, we propose a novel adversarial defense for 3D point cloud classifiers that makes full use of the nature of the point cloud classifiers. Due to the disorder of point cloud, all point cloud classifiers have the property of permutation invariant to the input point cloud. Based on this nature, we design invariant transformations defense (IT-Defense). We show that, even after accounting for obfuscated gradients, our IT-Defense is a resilient defense against SOTA 3D attacks. Moreover, IT-Defense does not hurt clean accuracy compared to previous SOTA 3D defenses. Our code will be available at: https://github.com/cuge1995/ IT-Defense.


Rats were treated daily for 5 days with benfluorex (S‐780) 50 mg kg−1 and 2 h after the fifth treatment were intubated with ethanol 5 g kg−1 or with isocaloric glucose. S‐780 did not alter the absorption or oxidation of [1‐14C]ethanol nor did it decrease the concentration of ethanol and its water soluble metabolites in the tissues examined. The rate of hepatic glycerolipid synthesis was measured in vivo using [14C]palmitate and [3H]glycerol and the accumulation of [14C]palmitate in various tissues was determined 4 h after intravenous injection. Ethanol treatment increased the relative rate of TG† synthesis in the liver and decreased the synthesis of PC, PE and PS + PI. The relative flux from PA to DG and TG was increased. These changes were reflected in the accumulation of [14C]palmitate in hepatic lipids and were obtained under conditions where the net rate of [14C]palmitate oxidation to 14CO2 was greater in those rats treated with ethanol instead of glucose. S‐780 did not alter the oxidation rates over a 4 h period. Ethanol treatment increased the accumulation of [14C]palmitate in the PS + PI fraction of lung and decreased the proportion in PE. In kidney it increased the concentration of [14C]palmitate in TG, DG and PE and decreased the concentration in PC and PS + PI. Pretreatment of the rats with S‐780 partially reversed the changes in palmitate accumulation in glycerolipids which were caused by ethanol. S‐780 treatment also decreased the rate of hepatic TG synthesis from glycerol in the rats fed glucose. It increased the percentage recovery of [14C]palmitate in the livers and kidneys of glucose fed rats and decreased that in adipose tissue. This treatment decreased the proportion of [14C]palmitate recovered in the TG of the kidneys and lungs of these rats and increased the proportion in PI + PS. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanisms by which ethanol and S‐780 are thought to interfere with glycerolipid synthesis.


This paper introduces the concept of an intelligent vase that combines the cultivation of plants with psychotherapy for the Alzheimer's adjuvant therapy (from now on, referred to as AD) of patients. RECALL (The name of intelligent vase which defined by this paper), which includes hardware and software applications, as well as a unique hand gesture interaction method, is able to collect patients' hand gestures and play photos, to remind patients of the plant's growth status. To evaluate our conceptual system, we created a preliminary prototype. We conducted an experiment with leap motion. This project tries to explore a kind of interaction method by cultivating plants to simulate cognitive training activities, to stimulate memories through family pictures, to slow down the cognitive decline from AD, to incorporate non-drug intervention into the family life of AD patients, to reduce the expenditure, time, and energy costs, and to improve the quality of life of patients and their families.


Rollover protection, comprising a rollover body (1, 2, 3), a guide (5), a withdrawable unit (4) for extending the roll-over body and a locking device with at least one clamping element (7), wherein the rollover body in the guide between a retracted position and an extended position adjustable and extendable through the withdrawable unit in the extended position, wherein the roll body is locked by the locking device by force fit between the roll body and the clamping element, characterized in that the clamping element and the roll body have complementary surfaces over which in the locked state the adhesion occurs.


Hazel is one of important nut trees in foreign countries.It also has thousands of years of cultivating and employing.Luckily,in Dingxi City,there are a fair-sized wild hazel trees,and there atre some favorable conditions to develop hazel industry.Moreover,the economic,social and ecological benefits are quite obvious.In the article,the author summarizes the significance of cultivating hazel trees,the biological features of hazel trees and wild resources.Meanwhile,he also puts forward tentative idea of developing and using the resources.


It is very important to analyze and predict the fatigue life of gear, which is the key part of transmission. Due to the small amount of bending fatigue life data, two sample expansion methods, intermediate interpolation method and Lagrange interpolation method, are used to expand the amount of data, establish equal spacing and non-equal spacing grey GM (1,1) prediction models respectively, and test the models. The results show that the most accurate prediction results can be obtained without interpolation for non-equal spacing models, while the most accurate prediction results can be obtained by Lagrange interpolation for non-equal spacing models. Compare the gray GM (1,1) prediction model with three traditional prediction methods, the results show that the gray GM(1,1) prediction model can obtain the most accurate prediction results for small data. It provides the manufacturer with the processing method of small data and the prediction method of gear bending fatigue life under unknown stress.


Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which affects 2-20% of women of reproductive age, is associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenic anovulation and consequently infertility. In addition, in case of getting pregnant, there is a higher risk of spontaneous abortion. This study was done to evaluate the effects of continuing metformin throughout the first trimester of pregnancy. Materials & Methods: Seventy six PCOS patients who became pregnant while on ovulation induction medications and metformin were allocated to three groups in three different clinics during 2004-2005, as it follows: Group A, continuing metformin until the end of the 8 week, group B, until the end of the 12 week and group C, cessation of taking metformin immediately after confirmation of pregnancy (5-6 week of pregnancy). Pregnancy outcomes and complications were followed until the end of pregnancies. The data were analyzed by using SPSS (Version 9) and χ, t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, McNemar′s test and logistic regression calculations. A p-value <0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: The mean age of women in the two groups was 28.72±3.57 years, duration of infertility 3.38±2.19 years, BMI 25.7±5.28 and history of abortions 0.40±0.65. In comparison to the rates in previous pregnancies, significant reduction in spontaneous abortion rates were seen in group B from 40% to 8% using McNemar′s test (p<0.01) and in group A from 32% to 4% (p=0.002). In group C, despite a lowered rate of spontaneous abortion (From 23.1% to 4.2%), the difference was not statistically significant. No fetal anomalies were seen in the two groups. Conclusion: Taking metformin not only has therapeutic effects on infertility but also its consumption during the first trimester of pregnancy may have beneficial effects on the course of pregnancy without an increased risk of teratogenicity. Proving the beneficial effects of metformin during pregnancy and its harmlessness requires studies with larger sample sizes of PCOS patients with precise recording of data while considering its use before and during pregnancy and accurate recording of pregnancy outcomes.


The characteristics of crack propagation in bump-prone coal samples were discussed.The multiple-spark camera and dynamic loading system combined with three-point bending testing system were adopted to monitor the process of crack growth in bump-prone coal.The aim of this experimental study is to analyze the instability of coal crack growth,which can help us to understand the mechanism of coal bumps in underground coal mines.The crack developing speed and propagation models were analyzed and both were significantly affected by heterogeneity and discontinuity of coal samples.The time lag phenomenon of coal bumps triggered by blasting can also be explained by the experiment results.


The bovine milk proteins include casein and whey protein.Lactoferrin(LF) is a whey protein that has a variety of biological functions.Lactoferrin is widely used in food additive,medical and cosmetic industries.In bovine milk,lactoferrin is positive to interact with some negatively charged proteins,such as casein and osteopontin,β-lactoglobulin,immunoglobulin and bovine serum albumin.These interactions can affect the biological functions and purification characteristics of these proteins;especially the latter has attracted more and more attentions.In the present review,the mechanism of interactions between lactoferrin and other bovine proteins are clarifi ed,which is important for developing industrial preparation procedures of LF and understanding the synergistic biological activities of these proteins.This review will provide some theoretical references for the development of industrial extraction methods of lactoferrin.


Original aspects in the design of conical contactors used in spouting and jet spouting regimes have been studied. The experimental results correspond to different solids: glass spheres in the 0.001-0.008-m particle diameter range, polystyrene, vegetable seeds, gravel, and Teflon, which have been used in contactors with different geometries (several angles and inlet diameters). The conditioning factors for instability of the spouted bed, which limit the minimum and minimum spoutable bed height, have been analyzed. A correlation has been proposed for the calculation of the minimum spoutable bed height as a function of the geometric factors of the contactor-particle system and density of the solid. From the bed hydrodynamics, correlations have been proposed to dimension the contactor as a function of the volume and properties of the solid to be treated in spouting and jet spouting regimes


An image restored by a recursive solution of traveling wave equation is natural to visual interpretation, without ringing effect and distortion emerging, but accumulated noise appears on it obviously. Curvelet transform has variable anisotropy, its projections on different directions assure the noise averaging characteristics. Experimental results presented in this paper suggest that simple thresholding of the curvelet coefficients exhibits higher denoising quality.


Back Ground: Sinusitis affects millions of people each year and is a major cause of concern worldwide. Chronic rhino-sinusitis is an inflammation of Nose and Paranasal sinuses and the aetiology of it is multifactorial. Anatomical variations of nose and paranasal sinuses are one of the most important aetiological factor for chronic sinusitis. The approach to patients with chronic rhinosinusitis is endoscopic surgery which aims at removing the obstruction of the main drainage pathway. The Osteomeatal complex based essentially on the concept that obstruction perpetuates the sinus disease. This in turn requires the surgeon to have detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the lateral Nasal wall, Paranasal sinuses and surrounding vital structures and of the large number of anatomical variants in the region. CT Scan of Para Nasal Sinuses has become mandatory for all patients undergoing Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. It depicts the anatomical complexities of Osteomeatal complex in a simpler way and acts as a road map for endoscopic sinus surgery. Aim: the Aim of the study was to 1. Detect prevalence of anatomical variations of Nose and PNS in Chronic Rhino - Sinusitis in Computed Tomography. 2. Study the association of anatomical variations of Nose and PNS in Chronic Rhino-Sinusitis. Materials And Methods: Descriptive cross sectional studies in which 144 consecutive cases of chronic rhinosinusitis patients attending ENT Out –patient department, who had chronic sinusitis for more than 3 months duration not responding to the medical line of treatment and who were willing to undergo functional endoscopic sinus surgery satisfying the inclusion criteria were studied. The results were expressed in percentage and proportions. The retrospective study was conducted in patients at the Government ENT Hospital, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, who had presented between October 2012 – September 2015. Results: In our study it was observed that 1 or more types of anatomical variants were observed in 112 cases out of 144 cases. The most frequent being the Deviated Nasal Septum (73.2%) and the choncha bullosa (45.5%), and the other less common anatomical variants observed were paradoxical middle turbinate, Aggar Nasi cells, Haller cell, Onodi cell and Septal Cell. Conclusion: Prevalence of multiple anatomical variations are more in our study in comparision to single anatomical variation. Deviated Nasal Septum was the most common anatomical variation encountered in our study followed by Choncha Bullosa.


1. Signal averaging was used in forty experiments on low‐spinal cats to measure and characterize the oligosynaptic responses of seventy‐six motoneurons supplying the medial gastrocnemius muscle to the single impulses of antidromically stimulated single motor axons supplying the same muscle. 2. In thirteen experiments on chloralose‐urethane anaesthetized preparations, twelve (43%) of the tested twenty‐eight motoneurones exhibited a single‐axon recurrent inhibitory post‐synaptic potential (recurrent i.p.s.p.), as compared to sixty‐four (62%) of the 103 motoneurones tested in twenty‐seven animals in the absence of anaesthetic after ischaemic decapitation. 3. Single‐axon recurrent i.p.s.p.s most often consisted of a single, long‐lasting hyperpolarization. Ten of the recurrent i.p.s.p.s contained a second late peak of hyperpolarization. In another eight of the i.p.s.p.s, a small late depolarization was evident. 4. The distinct profiles of the recurrent i.p.s.p.s were readily distinguished from the relatively flat profiles with low noise levels in the averages of the fifty‐five 'no‐response' cells. The transmembrane and post‐synaptic nature of the i.p.s.p.s was confirmed by extracellular control recordings taken immediately outside seven of the cells with positive responses. In addition, ten cells with positive responses were subjected to current passage during the averaging procedure. In all cases, depolarization increased and hyperpolarization reduced the amplitude of their single‐axon recurrent i.p.s.p.s. 5. The mean amplitude of the responses was 12.0 microV in chloralose‐urethane preparations as compared to a peak‐to‐peak noise level less than 6.0 microV in the no‐response averages. Corresponding values in ischaemic‐decapitate preparations were 46.2 microV and less than 7.5 microV, respectively. 6. Latency, rise‐time and half‐width (i.e. duration at half‐amplitude) values of the i.p.s.p.s were similar for chloralose‐urethane and ischaemic‐decapitate preparations. The average values in both preparations were 2.5, 5.6 and 19.3 ms, respectively. The latency values indicated both disynaptic and, perhaps, longer components in the recurrent i.p.s.p.s. The rise‐time and half‐width values were relatively similar to those reported or measured from published records for analogous composite recurrent i.p.s.p.s (i.e. responses to antidromic stimulation of the whole muscle nerve rather than single motor axons). A weak, but significant, correlation between rise‐time and half‐width was observed for the sixty‐six single‐axon recurrent i.p.s.p.s with a single negative‐going peak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


The paper explores the definition of the extreme accidents in the field of the bridge construction,introduces the extreme loading capacity of the bridge structure,including wagon flows,earthquakes,storms,ship collisions,scouring accidents,as well as probabilistic model,in order to have a clear understanding on the extreme accidents in bridge projects,and to lay steady basement for the research on the effects of the extreme accidents on the bridge design.


Inference of gene regulatory network from microarray data is one of the most important issues in bioinformatics. Several algorithms have been introduced for this problem, but they cannot give accurate results in case of time series gene expression data. Here, we propose an algorithm that predicts the gene regulatory network more accurately than the previous methods. A new method finds the relationship between a pair of genes by time-shifting the time series data of one gene against another when we compare the patterns of the gene pair. In addition, we increase the accuracy of the prediction method by filtering out the interactions that cannot exist in real biological network. We tested the algorithm to several simulated data which are based on realistic enzyme kinetics system, and evaluated the effectiveness of our algorithm. Results show that the present algorithm significantly improves the accuracy of the inference of gene regulatory network.


(ABSTRACT) This research involves the development of an aircraft fuel consumption model to simplify Bela Collins of the MITRE Corporation aircraft fuelburn model in terms of level of computation and level of capability. MATLAB and its accompanying Neural Network Toolbox, has been applied to data from the base model to predict fuel consumption. The approach to the base model and neural network is detailed in this paper. It derives from the basic concepts of energy balance. Multivariate curve fitting techniques used in conjunction with aircraft performance data derive the aircraft specific constants. Aircraft performance limits are represented by empirical relationships that also utilize aircraft specific constants. It is based on generally known assumptions and approximations for commercial jet operations. It will simulate fuel consumption by adaptation of a specific aircraft using constants that represent the relationship of lift-to-drag and thrust-to-fuel flow. The neural network model invokes the output from MITRE's algorithm and provides: (1) a comparison to the polynomial fuelburn function in the fuelburn post-processor of the FAA Airport and Airspace Simulation Model (SIMMOD), (2) an established sensitivity of system performance for a range of variables that effect fuel consumption, (3) a comparison of post fuel burn (fuel consumption algorithms) techniques to new techniques, and (4) the development of a trained demo neural network. With the powerful features of optimization, graphics, and hierarchical modeling, the MATLAB toolboxes proved to be effective in this modeling process. Acknowledgments iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I sincerely wish to express my gratitude to my advisor Dr. Antonio Trani for his full support, expert guidance, understanding and encouragement throughout the course of this research. Also, I am greatly indebted to him for his critical review of the manuscript of my thesis. I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Donald Drew and Dr. Richard Greene, for serving on my committee, and providing me with excellent course instruction during my graduate years at Virginia Tech. It is my greatest pleasure to dedicate this thesis to my parents, my dream was accomplished by their help. I would also like to thank my brother's and sister's-in-law for their unconditional support throughout my entire collegiate career. Finally, I would like to thank the many friends who encouraged me to continue my higher education at Virginia Tech.


Literature is a work of art activities related to expression and creation. Works of art that are created through creative activities, with the media of language and contain aesthetic values make these creations have a function dulce et utile or fun and useful. Sapardi (1979:1) explained that literature is a social institution that uses language as a medium. Literature presents a picture of life and life itself is a social reality. This article is entitled Turi-Turin Si Mandupa in Karo Folklore (Turi-Turin Karo): Psychoanalytic Studies. The author primarily uses a qualitative descriptive research strategy to gather information about Turi-Turin and Mandupa. The purpose of the qualitative approach, as stated by Sibarani, et al. (2014: 272), namely investigating, exploring, explaining, and providing explanations about the "meaning" and "pattern" of the object of study being studied as a whole. The method used in this qualitative research is that described by Miles and Huberman (Sibarani 2014:24-27). Sources of data in this study are Karo Folk Stories (Turi-Turin Karo). Author Rev. Em. Sada Kata Ginting Suka, M.Th, et al, publishers of the Sora Mido Library, Jakarta. 2021 Published Year. Research results show that id, namely wanting to know and wanting satisfaction. In this case, the mandupa wants to know how to play the game and wants satisfaction in the form of victory in the game, while the ego of the character can be analyzed that the figure originally wanted to play and win once, but play again with curiosity and win. However, the ego of the figure of the character issued the words, namely "Why should I return it?", and superego the figure of the main character is when he attacks his son and uncle in a way that the main character's body is known to be rubber and his body is rolled around with burning weeds until it is black and the people do not recognize him. The uncle and his son were beheaded by the main character until they died.

Keywords: Folklore, Karo, Batak, Legend, Psychoanalysis


The paper presents a model of electric charge generation in precipitating clouds due to breaking of large particles in low melting layer. The Earth's electric field polarises the droplets and they break into small negatively charged and large positively charged fragments. A negatively charged cloud region is formed below melting layer. The charged region induces a field, which increases both polarisation of the breaking droplets and rate of charge generation. An equation is derived to describe spatial and temporal variability of the electric field, which depends on size spectrum of hydrometeors and vertical draft velocity. The model yields an exponential growth of the electric field strength to 105 - 106 V/m after 15 min of raining at a rate of more than 10 mm/h. The major condition for that is a downdraft with a velocity of 0.5 - 1 m/s within the melting layer. The maximum field strength in clouds is found at +20C level where lightning strokes to aircraft are observed most frequently. In conclusion, factors affecting the charge generation rate are analysed and methods for experimental verification of the proposed model discussed.


: The main objective of this research is to develop the model and implement and determine the role of graphic design and cloud computing in planning online learning media based on Moodle CSM. This collaboration produced an application that allowed students and instructors to have a "digital classroom" in the form of a learning web. The methodology used in this study is a development model that is equipped with product testing and verification that is appropriate to the problem and learning objectives. The results of the Feasibility Evaluation of the Final Model from the Intensive Design Expert obtained a percentage of 84% while the Results of the Feasibility Assessment Final Model Graphic Media Experts obtained a percentage of 80% so that the assessment of experts on the feasibility of the model was 80%. While the assessment of the effectiveness of the model when applied to the System in General is 82.88%. for Learning Content at 85.06%. Learning Channel is 83.24%. Learning Place is 82.79%. Learning Time is 85.29%. Learning Stage is 84.82%. And Teacher Role is 83.68%. So that the overall recapitulation of the effectiveness of this model is 84% and is declared very effective.


It has selected 220 research papers of knowledge management published in core Chinese journals from 2000 to 2007 and coded these studies according to research objective,research methods,level of analysis and research subject. By comparing with the foreign researches,it finds that:1) KM research in China was dominated by the exploration of qualitative research; 2) Non-empirical study accounted for a large proportion in KM research in China,but empirical study increased in recent years; 3) The majority of studies were conducted at the organization level,but group/team and individual level issues were not studied extensively; 4) Research subject were broad but not in-depth enough,and there is a lack of research on specific process of knowledge management.


EDITOR,—I am distressed by the lack of insight implicit in Julie Stone's editorial when she says that "statutory regulation is unnecessary for therapies other than those capable of causing direct physical harm."1 Physical harm is usually easily recognisable and corrected. Psychological harm can blight the remainder of a patient's life and be extraordinarily difficult to rectify. For example, a patient of mine …


To repair defects in cartilage in a human patient or animal subject, such as articular cartilage defects of all layers, implant having an implant body (2) (1) is used, the implant body comprises a natural cartilage matrix and chondrocytes cells having a producing ability, and preferably is covered with autologous cells. The implant body is preferably that is from its own cartilage tissue with viable chondrocytes integrated therein, cartilage tissue is produced by the tissue culture in vitro. It is preferred that the cell to cover the surface of the cells and the implant body in order to produce cartilage tissue is the same. These cells are produced by cell growth in vitro isolated chondrocytes derived from a cartilage biopsy. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes during cell growth, and regeneration in tissue culture are particularly suited to produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix of the implant body. Further, cells adhering to the surface of the implant body are dedifferentiated by cell proliferation, a cartilage cells not regenerated, it is preferable that is particularly suitable for integration of the implant in the thus defect. The cells adhering to the surface of the implant body, the implant successfully fused to living tissue around the defect.


Among the eighteenth century Englishmen who were outspoken in advocating Negro emancipation was Governor Thomas Pownall (1722-1805). Although almost forgotten by modern historians who remember him only as the author of The Administration of the Colonies, his influence was considerable and his versatility remarkable. He left his mark as colonial governor of Massachusetts during three critical years of the French and Indian War (1757-1760), as an author of two dozen tracts and books on nearly every aspect of British and American life, as a member of the House of Commons during the American Revolution, and as a politica.l philosopher and antiquarian. His wide experience and familiarity with American life made him an accepted spokesman on colonial institutions.1 His knowledge of American life made him sympathetic with the colonists and, after the capture of Burgoyne in 1777, a parliamentary advocate of American independence. He believed early independence would salvage American trade for Great Britain and would preserve the many intangibles of friendship. A fight to a finish would give the trade to France and make Britain and America forever hostile. These ideas were most fully expressed in his A Memorial Addressed to the Sovereigns of America (1783), which treatise sets forth his views on Negro slavery and his plans for emancipation. Pownall strangely anticipated the terms of British emancipation in 1833, and his plans of 1783 were as illogical as those of the Act half a century later. He favored (1) gradual emancipation in which the Negro during a period of apprenticeship would work out the price of his freedom


Considering process with time delay and limitations of traditional closed-loop identification methods, a new closed-loop identification method based on Akaike's information criterion (AIC) was proposed. Firstly, the time delay term is approximated by first-order Padé and the equivalent closed-loop transfer model structure of closed-loop system is calculated. Secondly, the actual closed-loop transfer function model was identified by open-loop identification methods (e.g. ARX). Here, a method to select model structure in determination of discrete identification based on AIC was put forward. The high-order discrete model structure which is determined by this method has high identification accuracy. Finally, the equivalent closed-loop transfer function which is similar with first-order Padé and is gained from after transformation and reduction of the highorder discrete model owns an identification model with same structure. Hence, solving methods of process parameters could be deduced by coefficient of same power and two typical time delay process. It achieves satisfying identification effect in the closed-loop system identification of temperature and liquid level in distillation column reactor of ethanol -water system.


Enteroscopy makes it possible to resect small-bowel polyps and avoid intestinal obstruction inpatientswithPeutz–Jeghers syndrome [1]. We report the case of a 54-year-old man with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, referred to our center because of recurrent episodes of intestinal occlusion. Computed tomography showed a voluminous polyp in the proximal part of the jejunum causing small-bowel obstruction. While the patient was under general anesthesia, we performed a spiral enteroscopy (enteroscope EN-450T5; Fujifilm, Saitama, Japan) with good and fast progress until we reached the proximal part of the jejunum, where the polyp occupied the entire digestive lumen (●" Fig.1a,b). A snare with Endocut current was used to resect the polyp after the submucosal injection of saline with 1:10000 diluted epinephrine (●" Video 1). We did not use clips before the resection because the large, short foot of the polyp did not allow them to be placed. Moderate acute bleeding after the resection was stopped with epinephrine injection, and further bleeding was treated with four hemostatic clips (Resolution Clip; Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) (●" Fig.2). The hemoglobin levels were normal thereafter. After 24 hours, the patient had fever and leukocytosis (12000/mm3) without abdominal pain or vomiting. Abdominal computed tomography showed a jejunojejunal intussusception upstream of an area of edema of the intestinal wall (●" Fig.3). The results of bacteriological sampling were negative. The patient received an intravenous antibiotic for 3 days (3g of cefotaxime per day). He recovered quickly without any endoscopic treatment and was discharged after 3 days. The advent of enteroscopy has improved our ability to conduct deep exploration of the small bowel and to resect voluminous polyps [2]. Peutz–Jeghers syndrome is a hereditary disorder characterized by areas of mucocutaneous pigmentation and hamartomatous polyps, mainly in the small bowel. Endoscopic polypectomy Fig.3 Abdominal computed tomography shows a jejunojejunal intussusception (arrow) upstream of an area of intestinal wall edema. Fig.2 Moderate acute bleeding after polyp resection was treated immediately with epinephrine injection, then the application of four hemostatic clips.


This paper deals with the analysis of work regenerative chatter in traverse grinding. Two factors which affect the chatter stability are considered in the theoretical analysis. One is dynamic grinding force due to the vibration velocity, and the other is contact behaviour between the grinding wheel surface and the workpiece surface. By this analysis, it is shown that high damping coefficient, high natural frequency and low specific contact stiffness suppress the chatter effectively, but the effect of specific grinding energy is small. Furthermore, it is confirmed in the experiment that the grade of a grinding wheel scarcely affects the chatter stability.


This paper describes some experiences with the use of the MAVERIK system for supporting undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and research. MAVERIK is a high-level system for creating and managing interactive virtual environments. It is available free under the GNU General Public Licence. MAVERIK is modular and extensible, and its use of Mesa, the free OpenGL-like graphics system, means that it can be run on lowcost PCs, making it especially suitable for use in computer graphics and visualization education. We discuss the novel architecture and main features of MAVERIK, and illustrate its use by presenting case studies of projects undertaken by our students.


Air-sea exchange of CO 2 is parameterized along the cruise track of Galathea 3 – a worldwide research expedition. A key parameter is the gas transfer velocity, which varies with wind speed. Wind speeds are measured continuously on board the research vessel. For selected areas, winds are also retrieved from Envisat ASAR images, as the ASAR senses small-scale waves at the sea surface generated by the local wind. A demonstration from the coastal up-welling zone of Peru shows that CO 2 fluxes are numerically smaller when satellite winds, rather than ship measurements of the wind speed, are used to determine the gas transfer velocity. This difference is likely related to the presence of algae films at the sea surface of the cold and nutrient rich up-welling waters. Algae films have a damping effect on small-scale surface waves and are also believed to hamper air-sea CO 2 transfers. Satellite wind maps may thus be better indicators of the gas transfer velocity than the wind speed at 10 m measured from ships or masts. The relationship between the wind and the CO 2 transfer velocity will be investigated further from a combination of ship and satellite data obtained along the Galathea 3 route.


At the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics we are currently engaged in a program to map polarization in SNRs at 8.4 GHz. These results are compared with earlier Parkes 5 GHz maps to deduce the direction of magnetic field, Faraday rotation and depolarization. Over the past decade or so linear polarization observations have been published for -70 supernova remnants. We accept that this polarized radio emission is generated by the synchrotron process, which implies a magnetic field directed normal to the intrinsic electric vector. For a uniform magnetic field the degree of polarization is independent of frequency and is given in terms of the spectral index (a) by P = (3-3a)/(5-3a), i.e. P = 0.7 for a = -0.5. If the magnetic field is not uniform throughout the emission region the degree of polarization is reduced, and if the magnetic field is completely random it is zero. The observed polarization will be decreased even in the presence of uniform magnetic fields by differential Faraday rotation of emission from regions at different depths. The observed polarization may be further reduced by Faraday rotation across the telescope beam. Faraday rotation of the polarization position angle is generally observed and, in summary, the position angle should vary proportionally to wavelength squared if the rotation is outside the emitting region and will follow a more complicated relationship if it is inside. Measurements of the distribution of polarization, Faraday rotation, depolarization and the direction of the magnetic field could tell us much about the energy process and evolution of these objects. At the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics we are mapping SNR polarization at 8.4 GHz (3' arc beam) and comparing these with the Parkes 5 GHz maps (Milne and Dickel, 1975) to obtain the distribution of rotation measure, depolarization and direction of the projected magnetic field over the remnants; the first results, for the remnants G291.0-0.1 and G7.7-3.7, have been published (Roger et a l , 1986 and Milne et al., 1986 respectively). A further 10 fields are currently being investigated. at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0252921100102647 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 126.96.36.199, on 22 Jul 2018 at 07:49:17, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available 352 Supernova Remnants and the Interstellar Medium In Figure 1 we illustrate this work with a preliminary map of G316.30.0, which shows the projected directions of the magnetic field, deduced from 5 and 8.4 GHz measurements, superimposed on an 843 MHz Molonglo synthesis map (Milne et al., 1987).


Based on the simplified hypersonic air-breathing propulsion model, this paper studies the output regulation/ safety protection multi-objective switching control problem focusing on the safety boundaries existing during the working progressing. Command switching strategy based on the safety margin is researched. In the safe region with a sufficiently large safety margin, the regulation loop is active and the regulated output is controlled to track the reference signal as quickly as possible. But the protected loop will be switched on and the protected output will be forced to escape from dangers once the safety boundaries approach. A dynamical state feedback controller and a protection controller work in turn in a hysteresis switching way to guarantee the asymptotic tracking with certain safety performance. The conditions under which the asymptotic tracking could be guaranteed are given and the control parameters could be calculated by solving optimal problems. It is pointed out in this paper that the designing of the regulation controller and the protection controller could be implemented separately, and the control parameters could be optimized to get certain optimal performance index using numerical method. Finally, simulation researches are performed to verify the effectiveness of the given methods, which also indicate that the commands switching control can improve both safety margin and the dynamical performance indices than the single controller.


The invention relates to a nonwoven acoustic absorbing material, and specifically relates to a graphene oxide-polyurethane composite emulsion polypropylene composite emulsion wrapped polypropylene nonwoven acoustic absorbing material for inner decoration of an automobile. The material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 to 16 parts of thermoplastic elastomer TPE/ TPR, 22 to 26 parts of polypropylene, 0.6 to 0.8 part of graphene oxide, 1 to 2 parts of silane coupling agent, 0.1 to 0.2 part of antioxidant 1076, 0.1 to 0.2 part of antioxidant DLTP, 0.2 to 0.3 part of dioctyldilauryltin, 6 to 8 parts of polymethyl methacrylate, 20 to 25 parts of 325-400-mesh unformed aluminium silicate micro powder, 12 to 15 parts of 8 to 10% in solid content of waterborne polyurethane emulsion, and 1 to 2 parts of additives. The modified polypropylene nonwoven material remains the advantages of the traditional polypropylene nonwoven material; the mechanical performance is improved; the flexibility and elasticity are high; the tearing is resistant; the surface and intensity of a fiber mesh are increased; the acoustic wave is sped up to attenuate; the noise reduction and noise insulation effects are obvious; the material is light in mass, environmentally friendly, resistant to heat and corrosion, and is a practical acoustic absorbing material for the automobile.


This paper identifies a sizeable group of vulnerable children who suffer discrimination and under-achievement on a daily basis in Australia, with particular attention to NSW out-of-home care (OOHC) practices. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the gaps in services specifically relating to the education of children in OOHC, care leavers and young carers. The paper identifies the extent of the issue, the ways that OOHC children suffer discrimination and possible solutions. As OOHC children are not a specific equity group targeted for support by governments, their identity, numbers, problems and issues are not recorded or singled out for specialist support. The paper recognises that further research is required, but offers some ways forward giving examples of widening participation in education. However, it comes to the conclusion that OOHC children are not given a "Fair go".


A propos de : Daniel Foliard, Dislocating the Orient : British Maps and the Making of the Middle East, 1854-1921, Chicago UP


The new scientific and technological paradigm of the Seventies (Rattner, 1990), has created a new dynamic in the process of market globalization, and its impact has been evident in the emergence of a new technological and organizational pattern, and in the appearance of new business strategies and opportunities. According to the previous considerations, the model of trends extrapolation is not adequate to identify business opportunities and to explain the evolution of new ventures. Therefore, it is necessary a new conceptual framework to understand the globalization impact on new ventures and the application of a new methodology to identify business opportunities. Business ideas generated after applying the above methodology might be executed through the creation of small technology-based companies. As a consequence these businesses would benefit themselves from the comparative advantages of their own regions or countries where they operate.


The present disclosure, one or more detergency, antimicrobial, and / or using a combination of drugs having disinfectant properties, exemplary coupling cap applicator and protective device it is possible to eliminate or reduce the contamination of the surface It will be described. According to some embodiments, the present disclosure, coupling cap applicator may comprise a first and a second cap, each cap contains an applicator. According to some embodiments, the applicator, in the use of the surface, cleanliness, antibacterial, or be coated with agents having disinfecting or may even if it is injected.


Kantians are increasingly deserting the universal law formula in favor of the humanity formula. The former, they argue, is open to various decisive objections; the two are not equivalent; and it is only by appealing to the human- ity formula that Kant can reliably generate substantive implications from his theory of an acceptable sort. These assessments of the universal law formula, which clash starkly with Kant's own assessment of it, are based on various widely accepted interpretative assumptions. These assumptions, it is argued in this article, depend on misleading translations of key terms; selective attention to Kant's concrete examples; not taking seriously Kant's theoretical claims about the relations among his various ideas; and a failure to take into account Kant's idiosyncratic definitions of key concepts. The article seeks to right these inter- pretative wrongs, and finds that the universal law formula is not open to many of the standard objections


Bayesian probability theory along with the maximum entropy concept is widely used for inferential problems, particularly to infer dynamic properties of strongly correlated fermion systems from quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) imaginary time data. In current QMC applications, however, the error covariance of the QMC data is not treated consistently. Here we present a consistent Bayesian analysis of all the information provided by the QMC simulation. This approach allows us to infer reliable results with the least amount of computer time.


In 1953, Zeiss produced the surgical microscope. As the exposure in the surgery field contracted, improved illumination and magnification became paramount to the success of less invasive surgery. Less tissue disruption to accomplish the surgical goal became the principle. The exact extent of magnification and illumination bundled with improved surgical instruments heralded the new era of microsurgery. Surgeons discovered a comfort zone with magnification and illumination: hand and eye coordination targeted to the surgical dimension formed the boundary of expertise. A minimalist approach to the handling of sensitive tissues brought a new appreciation to the idea that surgery altered normal anatomy in the process of dealing with the abnormal and tissues under abnormal stress responded better to minimal manipulation.


Staged financing of venture capital-backed firms is valuable to both investors and entrepreneurs, but comes with a potential cost: hold-up. With asymmetric information and strong control rights, financial intermediaries may earn rents on their inside knowledge. We find that environments where insiders have the significant potential to hold-up the entrepreneur -- financings where only previous investors participate -- have predictable outcomes and returns. However, in contrast to predictions from the theory of hold-up, we show that these inside financings lead to a higher likelihood of failure, lower probability of IPOs, and lower cash on cash multiples than rounds with new (outside) investors. Inside financings also appear to be negative NPV, suggesting that investors make inefficient continuation decisions. We propose a novel alternative and show how the findings are consistent with a manifestation of an agency problem driven by changing opportunity costs over the VC fund life-cycle.


Abstract Earwig (Forficula auricularia L.) populations infested by the nematode Mermis subnigrescens Cobb were collected from the Ayton area of Ontario, Canada, in 1968 and 1969. Parasitism levels in earwigs from this area ranged from 10.9 to 63% and appeared to be a factor in population control. It is suggested that M. subnigrescens could be used to effect population reduction of earwigs by release of infested earwigs or by distribution of nematode eggs.


Recent years have seen increasing attention on building High-Speed Railways (HSR) in many countries. Trains running on the railways have a top velocity of up to over 300 km/hour. This makes it become a scenario with unstable connection qualities. In this paper, we propose a novel model that can accurately estimate the mobility status on HSR based on the changing patterns of network latency. Though various impact factors make the prediction complex, we however argue that the recent advance of deep learning applies well in our context, and further we design a neural network model that can estimate the moving velocity based on monitoring network latency's changing patterns in a short period. In this model, we use a new variable called Round Difference Time (RDT) to describe latency's changing patterns. We also use the Fourier Transform to extract the hidden time-frequency and use the generated spectrum for estimation. Our data-driven evaluations show that with suitable parameters, this model can get an accuracy of up to 94% on all three lines.


This report measures the extent to which 133 economies from both the developed and developing worlds leverage ICT advances for increased growth and development through the methodological framework of the Networked Readiness Index. A number of essays and case studies on sustainability and best practices in networked readiness are featured together with a comprehensive data section— including detailed profiles for each economy covered and data tables.


A predominantly acute, highly contagious disease of the waterfowl is called duck plague or virus enteritis of ducks. The pathogenic agent is a herpes virus, type A. The clinical course of the disease and its pathological-anatomical findings are described and the possibility of prophylactic immunization is discussed. The results of lab trials demonstrate the effectiveness of a vaccine against the duck plague.


We present a novel strategy to derive new translation units using an additional bilingual corpus and a previously trained SMT system. The units were used to adapt the SMT system. The derivation process can be applied when the additional corpus is very small compared with the original train corpus and it does not require to compute new word alignments using all corpora. The strategy is based in the Levenshtein Distance and its resulting path. We reported a statistically significant improvement, with a confidence level of 99%, when adapting an Ngram-based CatalanSpanish system using an additional corpus that represents less than 0.5% of the original train corpus. The additional translation units were able to solve morphological and lexical errors and added previously unknown words to the vocabulary.


To combine the specific advantages of the generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) technique and sensitivity encoding (SENSE) with two‐dimensional (2D) undersampling.


One of the reasons for the limited development in the Danish building industry is the lack of both documentation of achievements and the sharing of experiences. For solving this problem, a knowledge management and learning system has been developed with the aim of improving the learning as well as the communication and documentation of knowledge, both between the different trades in one project and between projects. The system consists of two parts. The first part mainly aims to support learning and the verbal communication of knowledge from person to person. It is a learning circle called "Method of seven steps". The second part is a system for the administration of data used to evaluate the building process continuously – together the two parts form the system called SAVE – an acronym (in Danish) for "System for Administrating Data to Support Continuous Assessment and Evaluation of Projects". The system is based on the measurements and commitment as known from the Last Planner System i.e. PPC and weekly planning meetings on the building site. In contrast to other systems, SAVE is a continuous assessment system that fits the actual challenges of the building project. The data and information, complemented by the personal competences of the workforce, result in a basis for action to be taken during the building process so that the people involved immediately will see the effects of the system. From spring this year, the system will be tested on two construction projects, and experience gained from the tests will illustrate the viability of the system and the theories it


Sir: I read with interest the recent paper by Jones et al. (1996) on nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity in malariainfected mice, the findings of which were at apparent odds with those of myself and colleagues (Taylor-Robinson et al. 1993, 1996). Working withPlasmodium berghei and P. vinckei petteri , Joneset al. were unable to show an increase in NO metabolism throughout infection, unlike the pronounced rise in its activity upon infection of mice with P. chabaudidemonstrated by ourselves and others (Rockett et al. 1994; Stevensonet al. 1995). While certain species of malaria may be greater inducers of NO and/or be more susceptible to its effects than others, which may go some way towards explaining these differences, Jones et al. suggest that the haemoglobin (Hb)-rich environment of the blood makes NO an improbable effector molecule in vivo. This assumption is made on the basis of the affinity of NO for Hb (Lancaster 1994), a consideration which raises the fundamental question of how NO exerts any biological activity. However, recent work in the field of cardiovascular physiology has answered this paradox by showing that Hb may serve a dual role, as a scavenger but also as a donor of NO (Jiaet al. 1996; Stamler et al. 1997). Binding of oxygen to haem irons in Hb promotes the binding of NO to cysteineb93, forming S-nitrosohaemoglobin. Deoxygenation is accompanied by an allosteric transition in this molecule from a structure possessing high oxygen affinity to one with low affinity, and the consequent release of the NO group. Hence, whether Hb becomes nitrosylated depends upon how oxygenated the atmosphere of the microenvironment is. It is thought that an equilibrium between binding (and therefore scavenging) and unbinding (and therefore donating) is reached at a given, variable oxygen tension. Tight control of the vasorelaxant properties of NO thereby functions to regulate blood flow and to facilitate efficient delivery of oxygen to tissues. In the context of parasite immunology, this concept has important ramifications for the interpretation of the protective role of NO and its associated reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) against intraerythrocytic parasites. While the effect of RNI against macrophage-dwelling protozoa, such as Lei hmania andToxoplasma , has become established (James 1995), the possible antiparasitic function of NO and RNI (including the downstream product of its reaction with superoxide, the highly reactive peroxynitrite) against malaria and babesia is less well accepted. This is, at least in part, due to the belief that Hb universally scavenges NO and thus erythrocytes act as a permanent sink for this molecule. It now appears that this is only half the story. Under certain conditions i vivo, usually met when erythrocytes are saturated in oxygen, Hb certainly does bind to NO with strong affinity. However, with decreasing oxygen tension at arterial-venous transit, Hb readily releases NO. As this dynamic circuit for exchange of NO within the vasculature is common to all mammals, it does not readily explain discrepancies in detection of NO activity in different parasite/host combinations. However, I feel it is important to appreciate that to exclude blood-borne NO from contributing towards host defence, based solely upon inactivation of NO by Hb, is an unsound argument. Our recent observation that the antimalarial effect of NO towardsP. falciparum in vitroincreases as the oxygen tension is lowered (Taylor-Robinson et al., unpublished observations) certainly bears this out. Like so many biological systems, it appears that the function of NO against intracellular blood parasites, notably malaria, is more complex than first envisaged. Hence, the question 'does it play a role?' is too simplistic, the answer to which is probably both yes and no. Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson Department of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, West Yorks, UK


The aims of the study were to evaluate the responsiveness of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A) subscale and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) subscale to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with bronchiectasis compared to a matched group of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and provide estimates of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of HADS-A and HADS-D in bronchiectasis. Patients with bronchiectasis and at least mild anxiety or depression (HADS-A ≥ 8 or/and HADS-D ≥ 8), as well as a propensity score-matched control group of patients with COPD, underwent an 8-week outpatient PR programme (two supervised sessions per week). Within- and between-group changes were calculated in response to PR. Anchor- and distribution-based methods were used to estimate the MCID. HADS-A and HADS-D improved in response to PR in both patients with bronchiectasis and those with COPD (median (25th, 75th centile)/mean (95% confidence interval) change: HADS-A change: bronchiectasis −2 (−5, 0), COPD −2 (−4, 0); p = 0.43 and HADS-D change: bronchiectasis −2 (−2 to −1), COPD −2 (−3 to −2); p = 0.16). Using 26 estimates, the MCID for HADS-A and HADS-D was −2 points. HADS-A and HADS-D are responsive to PR in patients with bronchiectasis and symptoms of mood disorder, with an MCID estimate of −2 points.


Objective. To investigate the association between pre‐pregnancy overweight/obesity and pregnancy‐related pelvic pain. Design: Nested case‐control study. Setting and population. The Danish National Birth Cohort, a cohort of pregnant women and their children recruited 1996–2002. Methods. The women were interviewed twice during pregnancy and twice after childbirth. The first pregnancy interview provided information on self‐reported pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and possible confounders, while data on pregnancy‐related pelvic pain came from an interview six months postpartum. Cases (n=2 271) were selected on the basis of self‐reported pelvic pain, and controls were randomly selected among women who did not report pelvic pain (n=2 649). We used logistic regression analysis to calculate pregnancy‐related pelvic pain odds ratios (OR (95% confidence intervals)) according to pre‐pregnant BMI. Main outcome measure. Self‐reported pregnancy‐related pelvic pain. Results. In the total cohort, 18.5% of all pregnant women reported pregnancy‐related pelvic pain. In the nested case‐control study, the adjusted ORs for overall pelvic pain were 0.9 (0.7–1.2) in underweight women, 1.2 (1.1–1.4) in overweight women, 1.5 (1.2–2.0) in obese women Class 1 (30≤BMI<35), and 1.9 (1.3–2.8) in obese women Class 2 + 3 (BMI≥35), all relative to normal weight women. The correspondent ORs for severe pelvic pain were 0.8 (0.6–1.2), 1.4 (1.2–1.7), 1.7 (1.3–2.2), and 2.3 (1.6–3.4). The associations were stronger among women who had not given birth before. Conclusion. The risk of pregnancy‐related pelvic pain increased with pre‐pregnancy BMI in an exposure–response relation and potentially adds another maternal complication to obesity.


Companies look and these results are achieved by the activities carried out by individuals who belong to, are then required to work in the human capital to incline by a suitable inclusive organizational environment that accepts cultural diversity. In this way be considered a priori two groups of people in the organization to suggest mechanisms of inclusion and explain: leaders and teams.


Cantonese opera art is a pearl in China's art treasure house. As one of China's intangible cultural heritage, it enjoys a good reputation in the world. However, because the art has been passing on and developing in a way that is difficult to keep pace with the times, it is not popular with young people. In the information age, the new media art is the product of the integration of science and technology and art, which expands the rich aesthetic emotion of human beings and has a great impact on human life, work thinking mode, values and aesthetic taste. In order to change the current situation of Cantonese opera, we must innovate its cultural development mode, such as combining the art of Cantonese Opera with the design of characteristic animation products. Culture is the root of a country and a nation, which maintains the identity of people in different regions. At the same time, the influence of culture is also the expression of a country's comprehensive national strength. Based on the new media era, this paper analyzes the animation propaganda mode of Cantonese opera art.


Kenaf fibre is one of the natural fibers that has received much attention of many researchers because of its good properties and flexible use. Kenaf fibre composites have been proposed as interior building materials. In this study, the recycling effect on the kenaf PVC wall panel is focused. The main objective of this study is to determine the mechanical properties of different types of kenaf PVC wall panels. The samples were formulated based on the first and third recycling process. The specimens were subjected to several types of tests, namely, tensile, izod impact, flexural and hardness based on ASTM D3039, ASTM D256, ASTM D7264 and ASTM D785, respectively. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the third recycled kenaf PVC wall panel product is better than the virgin and first recycled specimen. This shows that the recycling process enhances the mechanical properties of the product. On the other hand, the hardness of the specimen decreases after first recycling due to the reheating effect.


The elliptic differential equations of second order ∑i,j=1 n Di[Aij(x,y)Djy]+P(x,y)+Q(x,y,△y)=e(x),x∈Ω will be considered in an exterior domain Ω包含于R^n,n≥2。Some oscillation criteria are given by integral averaging technique.


Adopting an archival-based, historical methods approach to the study of eighteenth-century merchant trading networks, we analyse base accounting transactions to demonstrate how accounting discourse was a critical conduit via which these commercial networks developed and were sustained. This study contributes to the extant literature on the place of social networks in fostering the growth of merchant capitalism by introducing the crucial role of accounting in this process. The use of social network analysis is novel in accounting history and reinforces the value of a combined qualitative–quantitative approach to historical studies of accounting.


It is such a great honor and pleasure for me to assume the role of Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (TCSVT), starting in January 2018. I have been involved in TCSVT for a long time, initially as a reader as early as in 1993 when I was still a graduate student, then as a long-time contributor in the role of an author and a reviewer, as an Associate Editor from 2002 to 2008, and later as a Deputy Editor-in-Chief from 2014 to 2017. I look forward to this exciting yet challenging opportunity to lead TCSVT to the next level.


Algebraic program models with procedures are designed to analyze program semantic properties on their models called program schemes. The concepts that give foundation to the theory of such models are stated along with a description of their implementation. The key point of the theory is the equivalence of program schemes that belong to a particular model. A class of special algebraic models with procedures, called gateway models, is studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions of the equivalence problem decidability in such models are proposed.


OBJECTIVE: To determine whether positive affect has an independent effect on functional status, mobility, and survival in an older Mexican American sample.


At present,the effect of mental health education is not satisfying.Because there is no appropriate standard for the mental health,the measures taken are not good as expected.The instruction mental health education should be given emphasis on training positive mentalities.


This experimental study presents the variation in the strength of concrete when replacing sand by quarry dust, Red mud and foundry sand from 0% to 50% in steps of 10%. M30 grade of concrete are taken for the study. The compressive strength of concrete cubes at age of 28 days is obtained at room temperature. Split tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete are found at the age of 28 days. From the test results it is found that the maximum compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength are obtained only at 40%replacement. This result gives clear picture that quarry dust, Red mud and foundry sand can be utilized in concrete mixtures as a good substitute for natural river sand at 40% replacement with additional strength than control concrete.


To package the elastic member part (1), such as a cap (cap), the medicament container comprising the steps of: - packaging the three parts in the primary bag (10) step, to clean the components (1) step, wherein the primary bag (10) drying the components within, comprising the steps of packaging the primary bag 10 in a leak sealed and impermeable secondary bag (20), - the secondary bag (20) tert-back 30 steps, for packaging in said second bag (20) and (30) for applying a vacuum between the tertiary bag (30).


Using a shearing double‐refracting interference microscope with a half‐shade eyepiece, the accuracy of optical‐path‐difference measurements has been examined. For the half‐shade elements, birefringent strips with phase difference equal to 180°, 110° and 20° as well as a half‐wave plate with a narrow slit, cemented between two glass plates, were used. It is known that different relative intensities of the background inside and outside the half‐shade strip introduce a subjective error in the correct visual assessment of the matching point of the interference image of the object under examination. Applying test objects made of thin strips of dielectric evaporated in vacuum onto glass slides, it has been demonstrated that this error depends upon the optical‐path difference and image size of the object being measured, as well as upon the half‐shade phase difference. For a small half‐shade phase difference the error is practically imperceptible and for the half‐shade strip giving half‐wave retardation it attains maximum values. In the case of homogeneous objects, the images of which are as large as 1.5–2° in the field of view of the microscope, this error does not usually produce inaccuracies greater than ± λ/100 in optical‐path‐difference measurements. Using the half‐shade strip with a diaphragm which masks the misleading background and enables an observer to see the matched image areas only, the optical‐path difference can be measured with accuracy ± 0.003λ or better.


n a spatially interlaced stereoscopic (SIS) three-dimensional (3D) display to be realized by providing the observer a part of left-eye/right-eye images, a loss of information can be perceived due to the un-shown part of each image. In order to resolve that problem, an improved SIS 3D display is proposed to deliver the images without loss of information to the observer using a time-multiplexing scheme. However, that time-multiplexing SIS also has a problem of luminance distortion when the desired luminance is not shown due to an insufficient response of the liquid crystal cell. In this paper, we propose a new method by optimizing the image data to show correct luminance with minimum distortion.


Double acting ring springs are an energy dissipation device developed for Centralised Rocking Concentrically Braced Frames (CRCBFs). Two configurations have been experimentally tested with both giving good behaviour but the second configuration, known as Type II, exhibiting the better performance, developing stable and repeatable flag-shaped hysteresis loops with considerable energy dissipation and active self-centring. To observe the global behaviour of the CRCBFs, two-thirds scale bottom storey frames with the double acting ring spring type II were tested. Each bottom storey frame comprised a beam, a brace, a concrete filled SHS column with a double acting ring spring at the column base, a central rocking pivot base plate, and a vertical post. The beam and brace were passed through the concrete filled SHS column to achieve rigid connections between those components. A vertical post was provided to support the beam and to maintain the stability of the frame, as only a half part of the braced frame was fabricated. The experimental testing of bottom storey frames has been conducted under slow-speed static cyclic loading and to high-speed dynamic loading. Furthermore, the bottom storey frames have been modelled in SAP2000. The experimental test results showed the behaviour of the double acting ring spring governed the global behaviour of the CRCBFs which developed stable and repeatable flag-shaped hysteresis loops under different loading rates and always dependably self-centred. Additionally, the experimental test results were in accordance with the SAP2000 results.


Established by the Convention on International Civil Aviation, which resulted from the Chicago Conference on International Civil Aviation of 1944, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is charged with responsibilities regarding both air navigation, which relates principally to the technical and operational aspects of aircraft movement, and air transport, which relates to the transportation by air of passengers, baggage, cargo and mail. In ICAO s sixty years of operation, the prime objective of promoting and enhancing aviation safety (technical and operational safety of flight), has been supplemented by the objective of promoting and ensuring aviation security (safeguarding civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference).In this book, one of the world's foremost authorities on aviation law well-known as a major mover in numerous ICAO initiatives and projects, and as teacher, author, and lecturer describes and analyzes, in comprehensive detail, the entire legal regime contemplated by ICAO. Among the topics and issues covered are the following:functions of the various ICAO organs; standard setting procedure; membership and adherence; judicial and quasi-judicial competence; standards for airports and air navigation facilities; ICAO relations with states and other international organizations; economic regulation and aspects of economic planning; aircraft noise, land use, and other environment-related issues; and dispute settlement.The author gives in-depth attention to the ICAO standards and recommended practices (SARPS) governing such elements as meteorological service, aircraft registration, airworthiness of aircraft, aeronautic telecommunications, air traffic services, search and rescue procedures, accident investigation, environmental protections, and transport of dangerous cargo. Of special value is his description of the new integrated global satellite-based system, in process of gradual implementation, designed to support communications, navigation, surveillance, and air traffic management for the needs of commercial and non-commercial aviation. Useful appendices include the text of the Convention on International Civil Aviation and a list of ICAO member states. With up-to-date commentary and analysis, this book is a fundamental resource for all professionals, legal and other, concerned with civil aviation.


Thermomechanical stress is one of the main causes that results in destruction of the refractory lining in many situations.It is very important that a proper constitutive equation of material is selected in the finite element analysis.In this paper,all kinds of constitutive equations used for refractory are described.And their merits and drawbacks together with their applicability are discussed.It is concluded that it is difficult to build a proper constitutive equation for refractory.Based on the results,the solving way using micromechanics has been presented.


The purpose of this article was to probe the mechanism underlying long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)‐LINC00184 in cholangiocarcinoma development and to investigate the effects of LINC00184 on cholangiocarcinoma. We used bioinformatics to analyze the expression of LINC00184, microRNA (miR)‐23b‐3p and ANXA2 in cholangiocarcinoma tissues. The levels of LINC00184, miR‐23b‐3p, and ANXA2 were detected by qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation was tested by CCK8. Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion and migration. The target connection between LINC00184, miR‐23b‐3p, or ANXA2 was probed by luciferase reporter assay. RNA pull‐down method was employed to test the relationship among LINC00184/miR‐23b‐3p/ANXA2 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. The Pearson correlation coefficient analyzed was applied to analyze the correlation among LINC00184, miR‐23b‐3p, and ANXA2. LC–MS/M analysis was used to explore whether the changes of adenine metabolism was affected by LINC00184 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. We discovered that LINC00184 expression was heightened in cholangiocarcinoma patients and cells. Knockdown of LINC00184 repressed cell proliferation, invasion, migration and adenine metabolism in cholangiocarcinoma cells. miR‐23b‐3p was regarded as a target of LINC00184 and its depletion perversed the inhibitive influence of LINC00184 silencing on cholangiocarcinoma cells. ANXA2 was a target of miR‐23b‐3p and was negatively modulated by miR‐23b‐3p. Moreover, ANXA2 was positively modulated by LINC00184 via sponging miR‐23b‐3p. In short, silencing of LINC00184 suppressed cell proliferation, invasion and migration through over‐expression of miR‐23b‐3p and reducing of ANXA2 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. These findings contribute to understanding the influences of LINC00184, miR‐23b‐3p, and ANXA2 on cholangiocarcinoma and provide basis for cholangiocarcinoma treatment.


In this paper, we report the development of an Arabic natural language interface to robot (ANLI2ROBOT). The imperative sentence in Arabic language is used to command a robot lifting arm to grasp small metal objects and move them from one place to another. Since this interface is a natural language processing (NLP) application, lexicon, syntactical, and morphological subsystems for the Arabic language interrogative sentence were created as components of this interface. A set of simple familiar Arabic command words, which are related to the operations of the robot lifting arm, have been defined in the lexicon of the interface, and different forms of these words have been created by using the morphological subsystem. ANLI2ROBOT is implemented using Prolog programming language since it gives a straightforward conversion from Definite Clause Grammar (DCG) to Prolog predicates. This work, which is classified as human–robot interaction (HRI), contributes the using of Arabic language to communicate with robot. ANLI2ROBOT is also considered as a written dialogue system (WDS) that uses Arabic written (not spoken) language. In addition to the success in handling the different forms of the imperative sentence, the work revealed other significant findings regarding the use of the Arabic natural language to instruct the robot (and similar machines).


The main oil-producing reservoirs in Roncador field, located in the central Campos Basin-Brazil, are composed of sandy deposits interpreted as turbidites of Campanian to Maastrichtian age, deposited on the contemporary submarine continental slope. Three main grouping of sandy deposits (RO400, RO300, and RO200, from base to top), interpreted as the result of three third-order depositional sequences, comprise the whole sedimentary succession of the Upper Cretaceous Roncador's reservoirs. RO200 is the uppermost sandy deposit grouping composed of RO210 and RO220. This work analyzed, based on some geophysical methods, the RO210. This reservoir is a channel complex composed of at least two individual channels (lower and upper) filled mainly by sandy turbidites. The channel complex direction is N-S, accompanied by the fault plain direction of the main growth fault that separated the field into high and low blocks. The lower individual channel is tectonically controlled by the growth fault and has its axis confined and parallel to the fault plane at its western border. To the east, it can be seen the channel margin and / or the extravasation deposits. The upper channel is not tectonically controlled and shows the character of an unconfined channel, which could be an unconfined deposit such as a turbiditic lobe.


Poppet valves used in internal combustion engines have a high risk of failure due to significant temperature and pressure. These poppet valves need surface finishing at the nano-scale level to prolong their life during their working use. In the present research, the chosen poppet valve has narrow ridge profiles, which is difficult to nano-finish by conventional processes due to certain limitations. The magnetorheological fluid-based finishing method can be effectively used for this kind of complicated narrow profile. For the magnetorheological fluid-based finishing processing of the poppet valve, a novel magnet fixture and setup is used. For checking the efficiency of this setup, surface characterization and surface roughness for polished and unpolished surfaces are outlined using a field-emission scanning electron microscope, microscope and optical profilometer. The final surface roughness of Sa = 23.1 nm at poppet profiles were obtained. All manufacturing defects like burrs, dents, scratches and pits are almost removed. The study of finishing forces in the magnetorheological fluid-based finishing method is also carried out using magnetostatic fluid–solid interaction, experimental and theoretical analysis. This force analysis supports the development of the material dislodgement model to anticipate material removal rate while finishing. The gap (error = 12.87%) between the experimental and theoretical material removal rate is marginal. It has high accuracy and reliability for specific applications.


Many countries have made ambitious pledges to increase forest areas to mitigate climate change. However, the availability of land to meet these goals is not well understood. Global studies indicate substantial potential, but do not account for local land‐use and regional variation, crucial for policy making. Using India as a case study, we use a machine learning framework to define the bioclimatic envelope of forest cover and map this against current land‐uses with varying suitability for restoration. We estimate the additional feasible area for restoration to be only 1.58 Mha, cumulatively sequestering 61.3 TgC, which is substantially less than estimates derived from global studies. However, we also find up to 14.67 Mha of opportunity for agroforestry in current agricultural land, delivering up to 98.1 TgC nationally. In the UN Decade of Restoration, we recommend developing forest restoration strategies that are compatible with existing land‐uses, such as agroforestry, especially in countries that have large smallholder agriculture holdings.


When the frequency of an input sound signal applied to a shifting type echo-machine is close to that of the shift pulse thereof, a false signal appears at the output terminal of the echo-machine, in addition to the other type of noise signal caused by inclusion of the shift pulse component in the output of the same. The present invention is an echo-machine provided with first and second low pass filters, arranged before and after the delay element included in the echo-machine respectively, with a variable cut-off frequency which varies in accordance with the frequency of the shift pulse thereby eliminating such an erroneous signal and the shift pulse component from the output signal of the echo-machine. In its more specific aspects, the echo-machine is provided with low pass filters with a variable cut-off frequency employing an active filter containing one or more integrating circuit of which the input signal is interrupted in accordance with the frequency of a clock pulse to determine the cut-off frequency of the active filter.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of a combined therapy with Cinepazide maleate injection and oxygen- inhaling on cases with sudden hearing loss based on a clinical study. Methods Included in this study were 69 patients (71 ears) treated in our Hospital from Mar, 2004 to May, 2007. They were divided into two groups, with 31 cases (32 ears) in treating group (TG) treated by intravenously given Cinepazide maleate injection combined with oxygen-inhaling and 38 ones (39 ears) in controlling one (CG) treated by Ligustrazine Hydrochlorde injection, also given intravenously, plus oxygen-inhaling. The therapies were both lasted for 14 days for these patients in either group. Then, the therapeutic effects were analyzed in a comparative way by the end of therapeutic course. Results The curative and total effective rates were 65.6% and 87.5% for the cases in TG, while the rates were 25.6% and 66.7% for those in CG respectively, with a very signif icant difference in the therapeutic effects of the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion The combined therapy with Cinepazide maleate injection and oxygen-inhaling is more effective than usual for the treatment of sudden hearing loss with no obvious side-effects seen in practical use.


Corrosion of a steel bar may cause serious cracking in concrete cover due to expansion of corroded steel. This affects greatly the serviceability as well as durability of concrete structures. It is therefore necessary to determine realistically the amount of corrosion which causes the initiation of cracking in concrete cover. The purpose of the present paper is to examine the amount of corrosion which causes the surface cracking of concrete cover. For this purpose, a series of experiments have been executed. The corrosion tests of a steel bar in concrete have been conducted and the strains on the surface of concrete cover have been measured according to various amounts of steel corrosion. From these tests, the amount of corrosion which causes the initiation of cracking on the surface of concrete cover was determined. The present paper proposes the appropriate cracking corrosion ratios which cause cover cracking of reinforced concrete structures, which are important for accurate assessment of safety for concrete structures.


The field experiment was carried out at the research station of Mehoni Agricultural Research Center, Fachagama, Ethiopia in 2013 and 2014 cropping season under irrigation and in 2014 for rain fed experiment only. The experiment consisted of four commercial tomato varieties arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replications. In the 2013 cropping season, days to 50% flowering and maturity, plant height, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, marketable yield, unmarketable yield and total yield were significantly influenced by varietal difference. Likewise, it was also observed that variety exerted a significance effect on establishment percentage, days to 50% maturity, plant height, number of fruits/plant and marketable yield under both irrigation and rain fed and on unmarketable yield under irrigation conditions of the 2014 cropping year. Under irrigation, the highest marketable yield (414.58 q ha-1) was obtained at Chali variety followed by Miya variety (289.17 q ha-1) in 2014 while the lowest value (110.83 q ha-1) was obtained from Melka sholla in the 2013 cropping season. Whereas the highest (295.58 q ha-1) and lowest marketable yields (283.33 q ha-1) were observed at Chali and Melksa sholla varieties under rain fed condition of the 2014 cropping season.


Management of the painful neuroma, particularly the recurrent meuroma is a difficult problem. There are many methods for its therapy, but the effect is not enough optimal. We introduce a new method and material used, by which good results were shown in the three experimental groups and brought it into clinical use. Three experimental patterns of chitin chamber bridged both proximals of two nerves, then nerve suture and single cutting were performed in the median and ulnar nerves of the rabbit right arm, observed by the naked eyes, light and electron microscope at 4, 8, 12 th week post operation. The nerve fibers of the regenerated nerve loop arranged regularly, The polarity was consistant, and Schwan cell body was intact at 12 th week after operation. The experiment offered a ground for clinical appliction of this method. The author treated 5 patients, and all cases were followed up for 6-8 months . The reults were optimal with the pain lost. (Original article on page 364)


The paper deals with the DC link voltage ripple of voltage-source active rectifiers switched by PWM. The DC link voltage is maintained constant by a converter control; it fluctuates around the desired value. Therefore the first part of the paper describes the influence of voltage-source active rectifier parameters on the DC link voltage ripple. The effects of capacitors, loads and switching frequencies on the DC link voltage ripple are investigated. Also the paper discusses the influence of the DC link voltage ripple on current harmonics drawn from the grid by voltage source active rectifiers. The harmonics in the input current spectrum appear around the switching frequency. The last section analyzes the deviations of the current harmonics caused by the DC link voltage ripple.


Fretting usually occurs between contact surfaces, and the amplitude of mutual motion of contact surfaces is at the micron level. In this paper, the sphere-on-plate contact model of the contact surface between cortical bone and Ti-6Al-4V was established. Based on Archard wear equation, the fretting wear behavior was simulated by UMESHMOTION subroutine in ABAQUS software. The effects of fretting displacement amplitude on the surface wear process of Ti-6Al-4V was studied. It was found that the fretting slip state changed from partial slip state to gross slip state with the increase of displacement Amplitude, and the wear depth increased significantly at the same time. This study provided a theoretical basis for the study of fretting wear between titanium alloy medical devices and cortical bone.


This study aims to classify student responses in dealing with probabilistic problems according totheir level, analyze, and identify indicators at each level. This study used a descriptivequalitativeapproach with data collection techniques in the form of tests and interviews which were tested on 66 seventh grade students as research subjects. The results showed that 28 students were at the subjective level, 30 students were at the transitional level, and 8 students were at the informal quantitative level, and no students were at the numerical level. In addition, there are additional indicators at the subjective and transitional levels. Meanwhile, at the informal quantitative level, there are no additional indicators.Keywords: probabilistic thinking