Status symbols undergo constant changes depending on the 'zeitgeist' and the social reference group. For something to be considered a status symbol, access to it must be limited—it's all a question of having what others can't have. But what can one exclusively own in an affluent society? And what impact do technological advancements have on status symbols? In twelve chapters, 16 authors discuss old, changed or unprecedented status symbols. They examine tangible status symbols such as high-tech devices and mobility as well as intangible status symbols that can be found in corporations, art, social networks or the world of gaming. What are your status symbols? Find out in this fascinating book!

With contributions by
Dr. Nike Dreyer, Dr. Isabella Geis, Prof. Dr. Fabiola H. Gerpott, Lioba A. Gierke, Christopher Hana, Prof. Dr. Dr. Ulrich Hemel, Jonas Hielscher, Dr. Sascha Himmelreich, Christian Holz, Dr. Markus Hühn, Prof. Dr. Rudolf Kerschreiter, Verena Lörsch, Moritz Meißner, Melanie Schrandt, Christin Seidel, Dr. Wiebke Stegh, Jan E. Walsken and Julia Wunderlich.


X-ray tube capacity protection circuit can make X-ray free from the damage by the operating error and abnormal circuit.The principle and application of X-ray tube capacity protection circuit are introduced with F78-III circuit as the example.


Summary form only given. Inactivation of micro-organism on solid surface using cold plasma has been shown effective in many cases, however there has been few report, if any, of the application of this technique to treat the skin of fruits. In this report, various spoilage micro-organisms such as: E. coli, L. monocytogenes, S. cerevisae and G. liquefaciens were deposited on the external surfaces of mango and melon at a concentration of 106 CFU/cm2; inactivation kinetics, using a gas mixture of He and 02 (0.5 % v/v), were obtained. Encouraging results have already been obtained: L. monocytogenes and G. liquefaciens were removed from melon and mango skin below detection limit (equal to at least 3 log) after 2.5 sec. actual exposure time; E. coli subjected to the same exposure showed 2.5 log reduction. S. cerevisae resulted in 2.5 log reduction after 5 sec of actual exposure time. The achieved level of inactivation and the treatment time required are of interested for food process technology, confirming the feasibility of plasma decontamination of fruit and vegetables using cold atmospheric plasmas.


Historically, a major contributor to longitudinal pilot-induced oscillations (PIO) in service airplanes has been the use of bobweights, which cause the control system to couple dynamically with the airframe's short-period mode. The purpose of this article is to review and discuss the influence of bobweights on flying qualities, and to show how the unwanted effects can be minimized by careful design. A method of analysis is presented, followed by application of the method to several actual PIO situations. Finally, the various options available to the airplane designer are discussed.


A method has been developed for recording the response of an object to EHF electromagnetic radiation using microwave radiometry. The resonant spectra of human and animal tissues and water are found to be identical. An effect of a magnetic field on the EHF spectrum is found and investigated. It is shown that resonant EHF interaction with media is a low-power-level threshold effect. A new type of radio spectroscopy is proposed-resonant transmission EHF/microwave radio spectroscopy.


This paper introduces the Entity-Event Knowledge Graph (EEKG) model for clinical data stored in graph databases. We describe how the EEKG model dramatically simplifies the representation of patient data, facilitates temporal queries, enables a 360 view of patients and promotes scalability by partitioning patient data into shards. We solved the practical problem that not all clinical data and life science knowledge can be sharded. The solution is to federate each individual shard with common shared data in a knowledge graph. One such shared data source is the UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) knowledge base, which contains genetic, drug clinical trials and Metathesaurus data that we link to individual patient records. We report on several use cases including EMR patient retrieval, matching patients with clinical trials, patient control group selection, and care quality measures.


All sparingly soluble substances can be periodically precipitated under suitable condition. The study of Liesegang phenomenon is instructive in a general way, and it is its own importance. Liesegang rings in precipitation reactions are an example of pattern formation in chemical reaction-diffusion systems. Such patterns arise from the interplay between the reaction kinetics and the diffusion of chemical species. . The precipitation is continuous at the beginning and soon clear cut spaces in between are formed at the lower part of the tube. The periodic precipitation depends on various factors like the concentration of reactants, temperature, inherent properties of gel. For the different gel pH values in the optimized range 4.2 to 5.0, the position of ring (X) and its time of formation (t) for constant values of concentration of the outer electrolyte (0.5M 2.0M) were noted for different rings. The linear relationship between them X and t 1/2 confirms that, the time law proposed by Morce and Pierce may be obeyed in our study. Different parameters such as pH, Concentration of cadmium chloride) affecting the space coefficient and velocity coefficient were studied.


Automakers can significantly reduce customer use data collection costs associated with early stage product development through utilization of Open Public Wireless Access Points (OP-WAP) as opposed to more traditional cellular and satellite solutions. Various state agencies across the United States are deploying 802.11 WiFi networks to support everything from open public internet access to advanced roadside vehicular communications. In the spring of 2005, a Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) wireless test bed was deployed in the southeast region of the State of Michigan within the United States. This VII test bed was established by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) in conjunction with Automotive OEMs, wireless infrastructure providers and remote diagnostic data collection experts. The auto industry is starting to use these OP-WAPs to revolutionize the product development process starting with the collection and dissemination of customer use data. As with the emergence of OBD (On Board Diagnostics) this unique data recovery method continues to propel interest in telediagnostic activities to new heights. For the covering abstract see ITRD E134653.


Sol-gel derived glasses based on SiO2-CaO were studied with and without Zn as doping element. Investigations of their in vitro bioactivity were performed by soaking the glass powders in biological fluids for time periods up to 4 days. The surface reactions were characterized at the micrometer scale and with a high level of efficiency for both major and trace elements by using Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) associated to Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS). The evolution of the biological medium composition was followed by ICP-AES analyses. If the bioactivity of binary SiO2-CaO glasses is already known, this study shows the improvement of the early step of the bioactive process by using zinc as a doping element. Indeed, zinc improves the specific surface area and then the number of sites for the nucleation of calcium phosphate precipitates. In addition, Zn-doping slows the glass dissolution and enhances the calcium phosphate layer growth at the surface of the ZnO-SiO2-CaO glass which is a prerequisite for bioactive glasses to bond to living bone.


SUMMARY The ultimate bearing capacities of the different types of piles—wood piles, precast concrete piles, cast-in-place concrete piles and steel piles—were estimated by some relyable methods1), 2) on the selected 160 field data of the pile loading tests. By the analysis of the relationship between the ultimate bearing capacity per unit cross-sectional area of each pile and the maximum settlement per unit length of each pile, some characteristics of the each pile type could be cleared. Besides the technical investigation, some economical survey was performed of the three pile types except wood pile. The authors consider that the technical and economical results might be some basic materials for the reasonable design of the piled foundation.


Objective:To investigate the amplification of hTERC gene in the cervical exfoliated cells,explore its value in diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods:724 women were examined with liquid-based cytology,high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV) testing using hybrid capture Ⅱ(HC-Ⅱ) and hTERC gene detection using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital.The patients with ASCUS and above lesion and/or positive HR-HPV results were examined by colposcopy,multiple biopsies of cervical quadrant and pathology.Results:The frequency of CIN Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,cervical cancer were 251(34.67%),17(2.35%),48(6.63%)and 10(1.38%) respectively in 724 patients,the rates of hTERC gene amplification was 11.05%.There was significant difference of hTERC amplification among the samples with different cytological and histological lesions and the HPV infection(P 0.01).①The positive rate of HPV infection in 724 patients was 39.64%;The positive rates of hTERC gene amplification were 19.86% in HPV positive and 5.26% in HPV negative(χ2=37.556,P 0.01).②In cytology,the rates of hTERC gene amplification were NILM(5.19%),ASCUS(10.23%),LSIL(11.84%),ASC-H(21.43%),HSIL(73.17%),SCCA(100.00%),AGC(50.00%);There was a marked increase of hTERC amplification in patients with HSIL and above lesion(χ2=186.755,P 0.01).③In histology,the rates of hTERC gene amplification were respectively normal(3.70%),CINⅠ(4.38%),CINⅡ(47.06%),CINⅢ(58.33%),invasive carcinoma(90.00%).There was a marked increase of hTERC amplification in patients with CINⅡand above lesion(χ2=144.597,P 0.01).Conclusion:There was a tight correlation between amplification of hTERC and the histological and cytological lesion.hTERC amplified or not may be as a prognostic indicator to judge whether high grade lesion or not.


A method is described for the determination of the distribution of strain within a specimen undergoing large finite, nonuniform deformations under plane strain compression. The method has been applied to the hot deformation of an aluminum alloy. Results show that prior strain history has no effect on the strain distribution and that specimens of a larger tool width to specimen thickness ratio provide more homogeneous strain distributions. It is proposed that variations in stress-strain curves observed for different tool width to specimen thickness ratios arise from the inhomogeneity of deformation and that these variations are greater in work-hardening materials. Implications for metallographic studies are drawn.


This paper describes theoretical equations for a reverse poling field E/sub f/ ("d/sub 31/-zero", "d/sub 33/-zero", or "d/sub h/-zero") to make the piezoelectric constant (d/sub 31/, d/sub 33/, or d/sub h/) of a prepoled composite zero and for piezoelectric constant (d/sub 33/, d/sub h/, or d/sub 31/) at the reverse poling field ("d/sub 31/-zero", "d/sub 33/-zero", or "d/sub h/-zero", respectively) in a 0-3 composite consisting of polymer and ceramic powder mixture of two different materials. These equations were applied to explain experimental results for a 0-3 composite consisting of a polymer and ceramic powder mixture of PZT and PbTiO/sub 3/. Furthermore piezoelectric properties of "d/sub 31/-zero", "d/sub 33/-zero", or "d/sub h/-zero" 1-3 and 2-2 composites consisting of two 0-3 subcomposites (polymer-PZT and polymer-PbTiO/sub 3/) are theoretically discussed. >


To determine the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibition on glucagon dynamics in patients with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes (T2D).


Theinfarct-limiting effect ofischemic preconditioning isbelieved tobe a transient phenomenon. We examined thedelayed effects ofrepetitive brief ischemia on limiting infarct sizeinan open-chest dog modelbyan occlusion (90minutes) oftheleft anterior descending coronaryartery (LAD)followed by reperfusion (5hours). Thedogswere preconditioned withfourbrief repeated ischemic episodes induced by5-minute LAD occlusions withsubsequent reperfusion. Thesizeofinfarcts initiated bya sustained occlusion immediately or 24hoursafter preconditioning was significantly smaller whencompared with infarcts insham-operated dogs(for theimmediate occlusion, 14.4±2.0o versus39.0+3.7%, respectively [p<O.Ol]; andforthedelayed occlusion, 18.8+3.4% versus35.1+4.6%, respectively [p<0.05]); however, whentheinfarction was induced 3 hours(31.2+±3.7% versus37.5+±4.2%, respectively) or 12hours (25.4±4.8% versus35.0+5.3%, respectively) after repetitive ischemia, theinfarct size didnotdiffer. No differences were seeninregional myocardial blood flow orrate-pressure products between thetwogroups. Theseresults indicate that an infarct-limiting effect ofbrief repeated ischemia can beobserved 24hours after sublethal preconditioning. (Circulation Research 1993;72:1293-1299)


Systematic tests and analysis conducted on the reflux pipeline of MTBE distillation facility such as chemical composition examination,hardness test,macro and micro morphology of the corroded tube samples to find out the root cause of the failure.The results indicated that the present of the dissolved oxygen and other chemicals within the condensed water contained in the reflux fluid caused the electrochemical corrosion of the tube material.The corrosion products blocked valves and filters and also reduced the wall thickness of the pipeline which threatened safety production of the system.


This paper proposed an integrated frame for autobody concurrent design system based on the PDM technology,and as well the overall structure,the software/hardware configuration and the integration pattern between PDM and CAx.Then the autobody product database and data management system are developed. The application of the system in an autobody development presents that it could effectively support for autobody concurrent design integration.Hence,it conld be used for reference to undertake concurrent engineering in the automotive component enterprises in China.


We find sharp lower bounds for the first nonnegative eigenvalue of the classical intrinsic Dirac operator of a compact hypersurface bounding a domain in a Riemannian spin manifold. These estimates are given in terms of scalar (spectral) conformal invariants of the enclosed domain which are involved in the solution of the Yamabe problem.


This study investigated associations between environmental in/stability, valence of memories in relation to childhood environments, and attachment styles. This combination of variables has not been focussed on in previous literature, therefore the aim of this study was to address the outcomes of home relocation and positive or negative experiences in early childhood on attachment. It was hypothesised that individuals who moved house 0-1 times between birth and six years old would be more likely to develop secure attachment styles, andindividuals who moved two or more times would be likely to develop insecure (anxious and avoidant) attachment styles. Additionally, it was expected that if individuals had more positive memories of the home/s they lived in as a child, they would be more likely to display secure attachment styles; conversely, if individuals had more negative memories they would be more likely to display insecure attachment styles. Participants (N = 246) completed a measure of attachment (AAS), rated their valence of memories in regards to their childhood home, and answered questions in relation to their home relocation as children. Support for the hypotheses was mixed: Individuals reporting more secure attachment types were found to have low levels of mobility in early childhood, whereas individuals reporting a more anxious attachment style were found to have high levels of mobility. Individuals reporting a more avoidant attachment style were more likely to report negative memories of places they lived as children. With regard to the null hypotheses, it is suggested that more refined measures of childhood memories be used to demonstrate differences in negative and positive experiences in the childhood home and that a wider selection of the population be assessed to determine different effects between traumatic and non-traumatic relocation on attachment. Directions for future research are discussed.


In order to reduce the obvious heating effect in activated carbon adsorption for gasoline vapor,a foamed metal was brought into the adsorption tower.The foamed metal was firstly filled with activated carbon powder to form a composite adsorption material,and then filled into the adsorption tower.By theoretical calculation,the heat conduction coefficient of the composite material is 11.72 W/(m·K),which is much higher than that of activated carbon(0.185 W/(m·K)).The adsorption experiments eizther in the atmosphere or in a constant temperature water bath showed that the composite adsorption material performed well in reducing heating effect.The composite adsorption material has good heat-conducting properties,and while reducing the adsorption temperature it also accordingly improved effective adsorption capacity of activated carbon appropriately.


Abstract : Four mineralisation procedures and an alternative spectrophotometric finish were assessed by comparison with those of a method previously reported (see PB-169 458) for the determination of phosphorus in organic compounds. It is concluded that this earlier method is superior to all others considered for the analysis of unfluorinated compounds. Suitable, but rather less satisfactory, methods for the determination of phosphorus in fluorocompounds are suggested. (Author)


Ba6Ge25, cubic, P4i32 (No. 213), a = 14.5564(2) A, V = 3075.8 A, Ζ = 4, pm = 5.698 g -cm", R g t ( F ) = 0.089, wR(F) = 0.086, Γ =293 Κ. Source of material The compound was prepared from the elements by melting in an open glassy carbon crucible (HF furnace, argon atmosphere) and annealing at 923 Κ (12 d). Ba6Ge25 is silvery metallic, brittle, stable in air and moisture. Discussion BaaGe25 belongs to the chiral clathrate structure family cP 124, being the second binary prototype of the BaoIn4Ge2i type [1-4]. The structure is characterized by a chiral 3D framework of condensed Ge2o pentagondodecahedra (pdod) embedded in a 3D channel labyrinth. Each pdod ist centered by Bal and the rest Ba atoms occupy the cavities in the zeolite-like labyrinth. The rather large elongation of the displacement ellipsoid of Ba2 (M2) is typical for the structure family. The Ge—Ge bond lengths vary between 2.47 A and 2.56 A. Per formula unit, there are seventeen fourfold bonded (4b) Ge° atoms and eight Ge are threefold bonded (3b)Ge : (Ba)6((3b)Ge")8((4b)Ge°)i7(4el. There are no indications of vacancies in the Ge framework. The compound is a Zintl phase with few conduction electrons. Below 180 K, the compound is a semiconducting Zintl phase with 4e in localized antibonding states of the Ge framework and it becomes metallic above 250 Κ [1], Table 1. Data collection and handling. Crystal: silvery block, size 0.10 χ 0.08 χ 0.02 mm Wavelength: Mo Ka radiation (0.71073 A) μ·· 315.23 cm" Diffractometer, scan mode: Nicolet R3m/V, ω 20max: 65° N(hkl)",easured, N(hkl)u"ique: 1750, 1405 Criterion for F0bs, N(hkl)gC. Fobs > 4 o(Fobs), 630 N(param)Kiinea'· 49 Programs: SHELXTL-plus [5], ATOMS [6] Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A). Atom Site χ y ζ U11 U22 C/33 U12 U13 i/23 Ba(l) 8c 0.0607(2) X X 0.017(1) U11 Uu 0.002(1) U12 U12 Ba(2) 12d 1/8 0.1887(3) y+1/4 0.107(6) 0.031(2) U21 0.276(3) 0.005(3) -U13 Ba(3) 4 a 3/8 3/8 3/8 0.025(2) Uu Uu 0.010(2) Uu U12 Ge(l) 24e 0.2929(4) 0.9538(4) 0.7501(4) 0.016(3) 0.015(2) 0.017(3) 0.002(2) 0.003(2) 0.001(2) Ge(2) 8c 0.9251(4) X X 0.015(2) Uu υ η 0.002(2) U\2 U12 Ge(3) 8c 0.2182(5) X X 0.027(2) V11 Uu 0.005(3) Un Un Ge(4) 12d 1/8 0.8309(4) y+1/4 0.010(3) 0.017(2) U22 0.156(2) -0.004(2) U n Ge(5) 24e 0.9166(4) 0.0847(4) 0.8532(4) 0.015(3) 0.020(3) 0.015(2) 0.001(2) 0.001(2) 0.000(2) Ge(6) 24e 0.1853(4) 0.9899(3) 0.8767(4) 0.015(2) 0.013(2) 0.017(3) -0.004(2) -0.003(2) 0.003(2) * Correspondence author (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) 10.1515/ncrs-2000-0208 Downloaded from PubFactory at 09/02/2016 06:03:31AM via free access 208 Hexabarium pentacosagermanide


This invention is directed to the method of dispersing inorganic matter and to scale inhibition in an aqueous system by addition thereto of an effective amount to obtain synergistic threshold inhibition of a phosphonocarboxylic acid and a polymeric phosphinocarboxylic acid, the phosphonocarboxylic acid being a phosphonoalkane carboxylic acid containing preferably two phosphono groups, 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkane hydrocarbon group, and three carboxylic acid groups; and the polymeric phosphinocarboxylic acid contains features of both phosphonates and polyacrylates.


Signal regulatory proteins(SIRPs)is a membrane glycoprotein and a member of the Ig superfamily protein.It plays a very important role in cell signal transduction,signal from cell to cell,and signal from cell to matrix.It influence on the function in macrophage,nerve cell and several kinds of cancer cells.SIRPa can act as an anti-oncogene by inhibiting proliferation,migration,invasion,and promoting apoptosis.SIRPa maybe work as a new biomarker and therapeutic target of cancer.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to novel oxo formula (I) Compounds of formula (I) are useful in pain management. [Formula 1]


LINICIANS who work with athletes who have medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) are often asked the question, "What is making my leg hurt?" This question has many possible answers. Until the etiology of MTSS is clearly established, preventing and treating this common condition will involve some degree of uncertainty. The purpose of this report is to review the relevant theoretical history (Part 1) and in ATT's next issue, recent research findings (Part 2) pertaining to the etiology of MTSS.


Cloud manufacturing is a new service-oriented smart manufacturing paradigm, and it provides a new product development model in which users are enabled to configure, select, and utilize customized manufacturing service on demand. Cloud manufacturing is fully recognized as one of the most important manufacturing modes yet created and has received considerable attention in recent years. In practical scenarios, due to the diversity and uncertainty of manufacturing resource, the cloud manufacturing platform should have the ability of manufacturing risk evaluation to search a suitable alternative resource when certain original manufacturing nodes failed suddenly. Such ability may reduce the probability of the alternative resource failing to the lowest and avoid the manufacturing process/system from complete collapse. It ensures the cloud manufacturing be a reliable, robust and flexible manufacturing system with strong self-repair ability. In this article, a new risk evaluation method termed Extension Evaluation based on Reciprocal Judging Matrix with Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (EE-RJMTFN) is proposed. According to the frame of extension theory, the proposed method provides not only the risk level but also the related correlation degree that describes the deviation from the standard risk level. Moreover, the risk index weight definition based on reciprocal judging matrix with triangular fuzzy numbers can better meet user's customized demand. The results of a case study illustrate the implementation of the proposed method.


In the paper, we prove the joint denseness and the functional independence for the Dirichlet L-function L(s, χ) and periodic Hurwitz zeta-function ζ(s, α; b) with transcendental parameter α.


This book, by a well known clinical allergist, commendably lays a firm foundation of fundamental immunology before describing the clinical picture of the hypersensitivity diseases, both immediate and delayed. There are included diseases in which the role of hypersensitivity is suggested rather than definite. In such a comprehensive work, it might be expected that some statements might be questioned. Thus, the unqualified statement that the Kveim test is specific for sarcoid is subject to argument. The author's advocacy of 30 cc. quantities of Holocaine (p. 276), or cocaine (p. 516) eye drops for ocular allergies will not meet with the approval of many ophthalmologists. There also are some inconsistencies. For example, vernal conjunctivitis is classified under "conjunctiva and eyelids" (p. 517), but "vernal catarrh" is classified under retina and optic nerve (p. 519). The book is printed on good quality paper but contains a considerable number of typographical errors. Ophthalmologists


Ethnobotany is a branch of biological sciences that examines the relationship between society and the world of plants. Plants have an important role in the sustainability of life, especially in the utilization as medicinal and food ingredients by a number of traditional in Indonesia. Indonesia has a high biodiversity so that the utilization of biological resources can not be separated from plants that live in nature both intentionally planted and that grow wild in the forest to meet the needs of daily life, for example as a traditional medicine material. Traditional medicine using plants is still found in Jambi Province which has abundant natural wealth, one of which is in Batanghari Regency, Mersam Subdistrict, especially in the Kembang Paseban Village Community. The research aims to find out the types of plants that are used as medicines, the parts used, the way of processing, the benefits of medicinal plants used, the measure of use, cultural value as well as plant parts used as medicinal materials in the community of Kembang Paseban Subdistrict Mersam Batanghari. The research method uses snowball sampling interview method and purposive sampling as well as participatory observation. Based on the results of the study, there are 67 species from 35 families used by the community of Kembang Paseban Village. With the highest value on the leaves as much as 43.01%. The way of processing is brewed, squeezed, kneaded, shredded, sailed to the fire, eaten directly, freshed, and pounded. Boiling medicinal plants is most widely done and considered more effective. Plants with the highest ICS value in the community of Kembang Paseban Village are capo leaves (Blumea balsamifera L.) and keriki leaves (Jatropha curcas L.).


In this paper the preparation of 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-9-aryl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10- decahydroacridin-1,8-dione derivatives from aromatic aldehydes, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3- cyclohexanedione and ammonium acetate in ionic liquids [bmim+][BF4-] is described. This new method has the advantages of easier work-up, milder reaction conditions, high yields and an environmentally benign procedure compared with other methods.


Over the last two decades or so the Baltic Sea has been transformed from being a segment of the 'iron curtain' into what is now virtually an inland sea of the European Union. This, of course, represents tremendous progress. Over the course of this period, a bewildering variety of transnational institutions and initiatives, both at governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental levels, have emerged with large ambitions for the region. Contemplating this plethora of institutions and initiatives raises the following questions. What in practice has been achieved in terms of the economic and social integration and cohesion of the region? Is more integration achievable? Is more integration desirable? Official dialogue on these issues within the region tends to be very upbeat, with little questioning of the virtues of a vision with a strong regional dimension. This contribution aims to take a more than usually critical (polemical even) look at where things stand in terms of the perception of the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) as a truly integrated and cohesive territorial unit. The perspective adopted is from a vantage point that is unashamedly located in the former-Soviet shore of the Baltic Sea, and the intention is to identify and examine regional disparities and asymmetries that have often been missing from the policy debates of recent years but which are crucial for an understanding of power relations in the region. Asymmetries and disparities were an inescapable part of the starting point of the post-Soviet BSR. Thus, following the breakup of the Soviet Union it was natural that the new nation states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania should look across the Baltic Sea to their richer Scandinavian and Nordic neighbors for example and


Studies on the OSS communities have shown that financial supports are critical to OSS developers and projects to maintain their progress and sustainability. However, there were few developers being paid directly for maintaining OSS projects in the past. The GitHub Sponsors program that brings financial supports to the general OSS developers in GitHub-the world's largest OSS platform may make a difference on this situation in the future. In this paper, we present a data set on GitHub Sponsors and conduct a data-driven study to analyze the participants of the program and the impact of sponsorships to developers' activities and their projects' outcomes and qualities. The results of our survey suggest that most developers state they will contribute more with sponsorships and provide some privilege for their sponsors. And through quantitative study, we find that developers make more contributions on GitHub after they got/offered sponsorships. Moreover, gaining sponsorship also has a weakly positive impact on developers' collaborators that did not get sponsorship. And not only developers, but their own or contributed projects also can be motivate by sponsorships. Our findings are useful to the community by understanding the impact of sponsorships on users' activities and projects' progress and sustainability, and helping the managers to improve the current financial support mechanism.


An optimal Empirical-Markovian approach is presented for the assessment of potential rehabilitation strategies as applied to flexible pavement at the project level. A simplified empirical model is proposed to predict the heterogeneous transition probabilities associated with rehabilitated pavement based on the corresponding values associated with original pavement, future traffic loading, and modified structural capacity. Therefore, the performance of rehabilitated pavement can directly be controlled by the modified structural capacity. The modified structural capacity associated with a particular rehabilitation strategy is defined using the modified layer coefficients with the corresponding modified structural numbers are used in the empirical model to predict the relevant heterogeneous transition probabilities. These probabilities are then used to estimate the annual distress ratings (DRs) associated with each potential rehabilitation strategy for a specified analysis period. The optimal assessment of potential rehabilitation strategies is carried out using the cost-effectiveness ratio defined as the ratio of the life-cycle average DR to the life-cycle cost. The life-cycle cost can include cost items such as initial construction cost, routine maintenance cost, and major rehabilitation cost. The optimal rehabilitation strategy is the one associated with the highest cost-effectiveness ratio. The presented case study has indicated the effectiveness of the proposed optimal approach in developing and yielding dependable optimal rehabilitation strategies.


23 Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS) affects Crassostrea gigas oysters worldwide and 24 caused important economic losses. Disease dynamics was recently deciphered and revealed a 25 multiple and progressive infection caused by the Ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 µ Var, 26 triggering an immunosuppression followed by microbiota destabilization and bacteraemia by 27 opportunistic bacterial pathogens. However, it remains unknown if microbiota might 28 participate to oyster protection to POMS, and if microbiota characteristics might be predictive 29 of oyster mortalities. To tackle this issue, we transferred full-sib progenies of resistant and 30 susceptible oyster families from hatchery to the field during a period in favour of POMS. 31 After five days of transplantation, oysters from each family were either sampled for 32 individual microbiota analyses using 16S rRNA gene-metabarcoding or transferred into 33 facilities to record their survival using controlled condition. As expected, all oysters from 34 susceptible families died, and all oysters from the resistant family survived. Quantification of 35 OsHV-1 and bacteria showed that five days of transplantation was long enough to 36 contaminate oysters by POMS, but not for entering the pathogenesis process. Thus, it was 37 possible to compare microbiota characteristics between resistant and susceptible oyster 38 families at the early steps of infection. Strikingly, we found that microbiota evenness and 39 abundances of Cyanobacteria (Subsection III, family I), Mycoplasmataceae, 40 Rhodobacteraceae, and Rhodospirillaceae were significantly different between resistant and 41 susceptible oyster families. We concluded that these microbiota characteristics might predict 42 oyster mortalities.


This article analyzes the national interests of Ukraine from the point of view of transformations of international economic relations during the period of military aggression. The aspects and indicators of the effectiveness of the state policy in the investment and innovation sphere for strengthening the security of the real sector of the economy, determining the risks and threats of using the investment and innovation potential of economic security and the degree of its influence on the competitive positions of Ukraine in the conditions of technological globalism are characterized. The directions of positive development of the global economy and international regulatory mechanisms of its influence on the national competitiveness and economic interests of Ukraine are outlined. A justified sequence of actions to ensure the economic security of Ukraine in the field of international economic relations, strategic directions of innovative activity and resource support of the investment and innovation component of the economic interests of the real sector of the economy in conditions of global competition.


Microwave microfluidic spectroscopy is an emerging technique for quantifying the frequency-dependent electrical response of fluids. This technique can access important physical properties, including ion mobility and hydration, which are directly applicable to biochemistry. One critical step toward quantifying these effects is to develop accurate models for the behavior of buffer solutions containing mobile ions. Here, we show that ions in buffer solutions produce a weak ion-pairing response. We used microfluidic channels integrated with coplanar waveguides in combination with a hybrid microwave calibration protocol to extract the broadband microwave admittance spectra of a standard TAE-Mg2+ buffer solution between 100 kHz and 67 GHz. To characterize the ion-pairing response, we fit the calibrated admittance data with two models: a conventional model without ion-pairing and with a water relaxation described by a "Cole-Cole" function, to our alternative model that includes ion-pairing and a single Debye-type water relaxation. Including ion-pairing improved the goodness of fit across the entire frequency range. In the higher concentration buffer solution, we saw a reduction in the max systematic error in the fit residuals from 10% to less than 4%. The measurement and fitting techniques are widely applicable, providing critical information about the behavior of solvated ions.


The Psychofunctionalist version of the Representational Theory of Mind (RTM) is the view vis-a-vis the individuation of propositional attitudes that such states are uniquely singled out by their positions in the matrix of attitudinal states that constitutes a believer's overall cognitive economy. Psychofunctionalism is internalist with regard to the scope of the attitudes. For Psychofunctionalism, beliefs (and the rest) are in the head in the sense that the determination of belief-state content (what they are about) is a function of the way in which the target belief is connected to the other attitudinal states of the believer's internal causal structure. The scope of such states is said to be narrow in that nothing external to the believer and his internal structure is implicated in the determination of the type of belief it is. It is in virtue of these (solipsistic) constraints on the individuation of mental states that such theories are said to be individualistic.


Steady-state and time-dependent non-Newtonian properties of structurally complex systems, such as suspensions and foodstuffs, are simulated by the extension of a recently developed fluid model. This model accommodates the concept of structure variation induced by flow via a kinetic approach similar to the treatment of reversible chemical reactions. Purely viscous and viscoelastic responses are considered, entailing different equations for the computation of their contribution to the overall stress sustained by the systems. The model successfully describes pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior, with or without yield stress.


The crystal structure determination of the title compound, C 24 H 32 O 7 , a second isomer of the natural 2,5-bisaryltetrahydrofuran lignans, reveals that the molecule adopts an αββα configuration. The tetrahydrofuran ring is in an intermediate conformation between half-chair and envelope.


The practice of stimulating follicular development by Shen-invigorating herbs is directed by traditional Chinese medical theories of "the Shen stores essence of life and governs reproduction" and also the theory of "females' periodicity of the ebb and flow of the blood sea". The follicular phase has physiologic characteristics of blood sea ebbing and yin growing, accordingly using the treating principle of invigorating Shen and nourishing the essence can stimulate follicles' normal development and maturation which can cure many diseases such as female infertility, menoxenia and amenorrhoea. This article will give an introduction of the recent 10 years' research of Shen-invigorating treatment in stimulating follicular development .


The hermeneutics of the concept of "e-government" is implemented, and the results are interpreted in the article using the method of expert survey. The goal of the study was to find out the relation between the digitalization of public administration in modern Russia and higher education. The conclusions on the impact of the concept of e-government on Russian education have been drawn, based on the interpretation of the experts' answers. Some conclusions from a pedagogical experiment conducted on an ongoing basis at the Academy of Civil Defense of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters since 2016 have been also provided in the article. The goal of this experiment is to find out which pedagogical and information technologies are the most efficient for teaching at a university. The authors are confident that the problems of the mutual influence of the e-government and modern education in Russia described in the article are inexhaustible and will be continued by them.


Background: Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a distant member of the transforming growth factor-beta cytokine superfamily expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque macrophages. In this study, we sought to compare GDF-15 between patients with coronary artery disease and control group. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 176 subjects were enrolled, consisted of 88 coronary artery disease patients (CAD group) and 88 non-CAD participants (control group. Clinical and demographic data, comprising of family history of CAD, history, and lifestyle factors, hypertension, diabetes, and some blood parameters (e.g. glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)), triglyceride, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)). Results: Mean age of the patients was 55.5±11.1 years (age range: 28–80 years). Of all the participants, 91 (51.7%) were male and 85 (48.3%) female. Hs-CRP, LDL-C, and GDF-15 levels were significantly higher in the CAD patients (P=0.091, P=0.008, and P<0.001, respectively). Total cholesterol, hematocrit, and hemoglobin were significantly higher in the controls (P=0.002, P=0.011, and P=0.055, respectively). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve yielded the satisfactory result of 0.9 (95% CI, 0.8-0.9; P<0.001). The optimum cut-off value of GDF-15 was 1233 ng/L with 71% specificity and 71% sensitivity for CAD diagnosis. Conclusion: These data suggest that serum GDF-15 might be useful in prediction of CAD. (www.actabiomedica)


A compound of the formula ** (Formula) ** wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, C1-6 perhaloalkyl, phenyl, C1-6 -, fenilcarbonilo-, pyridyl, pyridyl C1-6 alkyl, pyridylcarbonyl, thienyl, thienylalkyl C1-6 and thienylcarbonyl, may optionally be substituted in them phenyl, pyridyl or thienyl with one to three substituents independently selected from halogen, C1- 6, C1-6alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or NO2; R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, C2-6 alkenyl and C2-6 alkynyl, I being C1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with phenyl, pyridyl, thienyl or furyl; phenyl, pyridyl, thienyl or furyl which is optionally substituted with one to three substituents selected from halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy or NO2; R4 is selected from the group consisting of C 2-6, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl alkyl, cyclohexyl CH2-, -CH2ciclohexilo-CH2-, -CH2-phenyl-CH2-, -C (O) -CH2-phenyl-CH2-, - C (O) -C 1-6 alkyl- and -cyclohexyl-CH2-cyclohexyl; the R4 substituent inserted into the compound of formula (I) being left to right, as defined; alternatively, R2, R3 and R4 can be taken together with the two N atoms of the diamine molecule to form ** (Formula) ** alternatively R3 may combine with R2 as C2-3- alkyl provided that R R4 is C 2-6 alkyl ;. L is selected from the group consisting of C 3-6 cycloalkyl (wherein the cycloalkyl is substituted with R5 and R6) a bicyclic compound of the formula ** (Formula) ** (wherein the point of attachment of the bicyclic compound is any carbon atom of the alkyl portion and wherein the aromatic portion of the bicyclic compound is optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, NO2 alkyl, acetamido , -NH2, -NH (C1-66 alkyl) or -N (C1-6 alkyl) 2) - (CH2) m-CR8R5R6; m is 0 to 3; R5 is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl (which may be optionally substituted with one to three substituents independently selected from halogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, trifluoromethyl.


In this paper, a hybrid visible light communication (VLC)-radio frequency (RF) system including a legitimate receiver (R) and an eavesdropper (E) is considered. R can harvest energy from the light emitted by light emitting diodes (LEDs), which is used for the information transmission between R and the RF receiver which is close to the LED. It is assumed that E tries to eavesdrop the information delivered from R to the RF receiver and R is with a finite energy storage. Considering the randomness of the locations of R and E, the statistical characteristics of the received signal-to-noise ratio at the RF receiver and E are characterized; then, we derive the analytical expression for secrecy outage probability by using stochastic geometry method. Finally, simulations are carried on to verify our proposed analytical models.


The present paper describes a computational code, referred to by the authors as ECHOTEST, designed to assist in the calculation and simulation of noise levels on industrial premises. It is based on ray-tracing techniques, and has been successfully applied to the study of the acoustical environment in a mechanical workshop. Included in the paper are the results of this application, along with their validation both mathematical and empirical.


Gel permeation chromatography using sequential differential refractive index and ultraviolet detectors has been successfully used to give the compositional analysis of conjugate phases in the incompatible system of polystyrene and polybutadiene with tetrahydrofuran as solvent. Application of this method to equilibrated samples yields tie lines, binodal curves, and plait points. The effects of molecular weights and molecular weight ratios on the slopes of the tie lines, the location of the binodal curve, and the depletion of second polymers from phases are discussed.


OBJECTIVE: The goal was to measure quality of life (QOL) and hearing-specific functional status before and after treatment of conductive hearing loss (CHL). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective, longitudinal, outcomes-based study was performed at an academic medical center. RESULTS: Mean baseline QOL scores in CHL patients were comparable with those of the general population. Audiometric studies indicated significant improvements in hearing threshold in all treated patients. There was no significant improvement in mean global QOL scores after treatment of CHL, although there was little room for improvement over baseline. The hearing-specific instrument did demonstrate significant improvements in emotional and social/situational hearing status after treatment. Patients treated with hearing aids had poorer baseline QOL and hearing status than patients treated with surgery and tended to show declines in QOL and only partial improvement in hearing-specific functional status after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of CHL resulted in improvements in hearing-specific functional status, although changes were difficult to detect with a global QOL instrument.


Objective:To explore the influence of Comprehensive nursing process to the Circadian Rhythm of ambulatory Blood Pressure on senile dementia.Methods:60 patients with senile dementia were apart to two groups randomly.One group patients received Comprehensive nursing process(except routine nursing process,combining the management of the patient ward,pictures,health education,entity,media to help the patients restore and reinforce the memory and direct dose and limbs exercise).The control group patients received routine nursing process.Two groups,circadian rhythm of blood pressure were all recorded after nursing process intervene,All patients were evaluated with the MMSE,ADL about mental state,obey the nursing order.Results: For the study group,the night average systolic pressure,average diastole pressure and the day average systolic pressure,average diastole pressure were lower than the control group,have significant difference(P0.05).Conclusions: The comprehensive nursing process can improve the disorder circadian rhythm of ambulatory blood pressure with senile dementia,can improve the quality of their life.


Electoral incentives dictate that "the people's" representatives are primarily concerned with securing reelection. Can this expectation be applied to non-representative offices such as State Supreme Court justices? A majority of states use elections to choose non-policymakers such as State Supreme Court justices, but does this action cause justices to act similar to their representative counterparts? This study determines if justices respond to their constituency's preferences. By looking at economic and criminal cases decided by the courts, I find two trends: (1) in an non-competitive election, the justices' rulings show no significant relationship to their constituency's preferences; (2) when faced with competitive elections, the rulings move closer to the constituency opinion for criminal cases, while in economic cases the rulings move closer to the justices' party's constituency opinion.


ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vii CHAPTER I. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Stages of sporulation 1 Resistance properties of bacterial endospores 3 Spore peptidoglycan 3 The CwlD protein 5 Phenotypic characteristics of the cwlD mutant 5 Synthesis of muramic-δ-lactam 6 The cwlD operon 7 CHAPTER II. THE BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CWLD Materials and Methods 11 Construction of strains and plasmids 11 E.coli strain construction and growth media 12 Induction of CwlD 14 Separation of protein fractions 14 Purification of CwlD with metal affinity chromatography 14 Purification of CwlD with anion exchange chromatography 15 Purification of Bacillus subtilis vegetative peptidoglycan 15 Purification of E.coli peptidoglycan 16 Testing activity of purified CwlD in vitro 17 Detecting CwlD activity in vivo 17 Production and purification of polyclonal anti-CwlD 18 antibodies Results from the Biochemical Analysis of CwlD 19 Strains analyzed 19 Induction of CwlD 19


Pump-probe experiments in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well samples are described using both picosecond and femtosecond laser pulses in different polarization configurations. The excitonic and free carrier components of exciton absorption saturation were analyzed as a function of well width. The relative importance of phase space filling, Coulomb screening and broadening contributions was determined from polarization and laser bandwidth dependencies via spin-dependent and spin-independent components. A five-level model was used to fit the data and nonlinear coefficients for the individual contributions were determined for each well width. The Coulomb contributions arising from screening and broadening of the excitons was found to dominate the absorption bleaching using picosecond pulses, whereas phase space filling was largest in the femtosecond regime. Exciton phase space filling was found to be four times larger than free carrier phase space filling at narrower well widths. A sublinear dependence of exc...


The island of Bermuda is home to approximately 7,000 students in the Bermuda Government School System, which until August 1997, consisted of 12 preschools, 18 primary schools (kindergarten through grade 6), 2 special schools, and 6 secondary schools (grade 7 through grade 11). One of the most significant projects undertaken in the history of education in Bermuda is the restructuring of the education system. The restructuring was one of many recommendations made in 1988 by a group of professionals from the Ministry and Department of Education, parents, and members from the community. This group was called the Education Planning Team (EPT). The EPT's mission statement was to guarantee all students equal opportunity for education through the creation of a first class educational system. The EPT specifically recommended abolishing the selective system of secondary education. This selective system required primary students to write a secondary school entrance examination as part of the selection process for admission to a secondary school. Instead the EPT recommended that the six secondary schools should be replaced with five middle schools and two senior schools. As a result, students would no longer be required to write the secondary school entrance examination. Instead, they would automatically transfer from primary schools to their neighborhood middle schools. Upon completion of middle school, students would transfer to a senior school. The Bermuda Government made a commitment to the EPT's recommendation. Therefore, the secondarylevel system of education will be phased out over a period of the next few years, and as of September 1997, the middle school system of education was implemented. The senior school system of education was implemented in September, 1999. As a part of that commitment to providing quality education to students and in recognition of the magnitude of this project, the Government of Bermuda recruited a restructuring implementation team. The team consists of a project manager, a curriculum coordinator, a manpower planning officer, and a facilities manager. The implementation team, with the support of the Ministry and Department of Education staff, has the responsibility for identifying the steps for the restructuring process and for implementing the process. The implementation team, in consultation with staff of the Ministry of Education produced the document, Ministry of Education Restructuring Implementation Plan. This document outlines the steps to be completed in the major spheres of activity involved in the restructuring process: "The revision of existing curricula and the development of new curricula; the identification and preparation of staff to deliver instruction and to manage the facilities; and the renovation of existing facilities and the construction of new facilities" (Ministry of Education, 1993, p. 1). Process Curriculum Development Quality curriculum that is integrated provides for the instructional programs in a school system. The Ministry/Department of Education set up a Curriculum Steering Committee to oversee curriculum revision and development. This Committee articulated a philosophy and formulated policies. The middle school curriculum development process is based on the philosophy that a planned and sequential curriculum identifies goals and performance indicators necessary for student success. This philosophy provided the framework for the 14 subject and the 4 program-area committees to develop specific instructional objectives and strategies. The curriculum development process began in 1994. Several teachers, counselors, and education officers as well as other persons in the school system and community were identified to develop and write curricula for the subjects and programs for the middle school system. Between 1994 and 1996, the committees, with direction and support from the Curriculum Coordinator, developed and wrote goals, subgoals, performance indicators, (i. …


Two nests of the aphid-hunting wasp, Pemphredon inornatus Say[1][1] were found close together in the hollow, woody stems of a pink flowering Weigelia in my garden on June 10, 1945. Both nests belonged to one mother. When I came upon her, I found that she had completely filled one of the stems with cells and young, and while still holding the vestibule at the opening for her own home, had commenced to nidify in the other hollow stem near by.

 [1]: #fn-1


Pyogenic Granuloma:  A Case Report Preecha   Chesdachai      DDS Dental Section, Taksin Hospital A 20-year-old male presented with painless swelling gingiva on upper anterior teeth.  The definite diagnosis was pyogenic granuloma.  He underwent total excision of this lesion.  The lesion had recurred 11 months conducted.  Now, he is free from this condition for one year. Key word: pyogenic granuloma, total excision, oral hygiene instruction Vajira Med J 2006 ; 50 : 111- 115


A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of six different seed rates viz., 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25 and 27.5 kg ha on the growth, yield and yield attributes of mash bean Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). This study was conducted for two consecutive years at the Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) under the existing semi-arid climatic, edaphic and water conditions of Quetta, Balochistan. Results revealed that plant population, pods plant, grain yield plant and grain yield ha were significantly (p<0.05 influenced by varying seed rates. However, other mentioned growth and yield attributes did not respond significantly. Statistically and numerically a maximum yield plant (20.98 g) and yield ha (3120 kg) were obtained in applied seed @ 20 kg ha. Whereas, the same was obtained for plant population and plant height in applied seed rate of 25 kg ha. However, maximum number of branches plant (4.22) was received for applied seeds @ 15 kg ha. Therefore, seed @ 20 kg ha seems optimum which could be due to the most desirable population or planting density in the existing environmental conditions of Quetta. Results further revealed that only plant population plot (r=0.481), and yield plant (r=0.569) were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield ha, while all other remaining growth and yield attributes exhibited insignificant association with grain yield ha. Hence these two parameters i.e., planting density and grain yield plant should be given more consideration while deciding about selection criteria for mash bean under irrigated conditions of arid uplands of Balochistan.


The teachers and head teachers who work in a multicultural context, if properly supported in their educational reflection, can develop a professional think in action model, which is very important to face the complexity of an intercultural dialogue.


In this paper the daily temperature variations of 9 Chinese stations during the 90 days after each great geo-magnetic storm in the period 1909—1952 (total number is 72) are analyzed by the so-called superposed epoch method of analysis. The daily temperature variation during the 30 days before each of the great geo-rnagnetic storms are also analyzed in the same manner. The geo-magnetic storm data are taken from the publication of Greenwich Observatory in 1955. The percentage of the days with positive temperature departure from the normal of the day in question and the mean daily temperature departures of 9 stations after the great geo-magnetic storms are illustrated in Fig. la and Fig. lb. Fig. 2a Fig. 2b show the same parameters before the great geo-magnetic storms. From figure 1, we find that some significant warm periods occur at the 10, 16, 24, 44 75—77th days after the great storms. During the period of 120 days from 30 days before to 90 days after the great storms, temperature variations are found to compose a cyclic oscillation with a period of 27 days, which is just the synodical-period of the Sun. It is found, that the circulation patterns of natural synoptic periods during the great storms and 45th day or 75th day after the great storms show a high degree of rhythmic oscillations in the sense of Multanof School of long-range weather forcasting. Hence, we suggest that the rhythmic oscillations of weather process are probably intimately connected with the active regions of the Sun, which emit the strong corpuscular radiations and produce the great geo-magnetic storms. Besides, in this paper certain attention is also paid to some small geo-magnetic storms, which are used to correlate the daily temperature variations in China. A significant temperature drop at the 13th day after the small storms is revealed in Fig 3.


TORRES, ANDREW M. (U. Wisconsin, Milwaukee.) Cytotaxonomy of cespitose zinnias. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(10): 1033-1037. Illus. 1962.-The results of hybridization studies among 5 of the 6 cespitose species of Zinnia are rep3rted. Analyses of meiosis in the F1 hybrid3 suggest there are 2 genomes, A and B, in the polyploid taxa. The A genome apparently exists in the diploid state in 2 species, but the B genome is known only from polyploid taxa. The chromosome number of Z. oligantha (2n = 20) is reported for the first time. STUDIES of natural and artificial hybrids have been conducted in many groups (Heiser, 1949; Stebbins, 1950, 1959). Such studies, including most, if not all, of the species have been made with Gossypiumn, Triticum, Layia, Datura and Nicotiana (Stebbins, 1945). From these and other investigations it has become apparent that chromosome pairing in species hybrids can be used as an indication of chromosomal homology (Sax, 1935), and further, that phylogenetic relationships can be inferred from chromosomal homology. The subgenus Diplothrix of Zinnia affords the opportunity to investigate a small but welldefined taxon. A recent revision of the composite genus Zinnia (Torres, 1962) established 2 subgenera: Diplothrix, consisting of 6 cespitose perennials having a ba-ic chromosome number of n = 10, and Zinnia, composed of ascending, mostly annual species with an apparent basic chromosome number of n = 12. Of the 6 species in Diplothrix, 5 were incorporated in this study. The sixth and possibly key species, Z. oligantha, was not available for inclusion in the crossing program, and only recently was its chromosome number determined. The present paper outlines the cytogenetic data available at the present time. MATERIALS AND METHODS-Meiotic chromosome counts were obtained from microsporocytes by the usual squash technique (fixation of whole heads in 3:1 95% ethyl alcohol: acetic acid for 24 hr; staining with propionocarmine); suitable slides were made permanent in balsam. The count for Z. oligantha was obtained from seedling root tips using the technique outlined by Li and Jackson (1961). Crosses (and selftng tests) were made by rubbing heads together for 2-4 consecutive days or until all the styles in the head had wilted. The heads were not bagged because the plants were grown in insect-proof greenhouses. Controls for contamination were unmolested 1 Received for publication March 8, 1962. Supported by grants from Indiana University Graduate School Research Committee and Sigma Xi. This paper is based partly on a dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Department of Botany, Indiana University. I wish to express my gratitude to Professor Charles B. Heiser for his advice during the course of this work. plants which were checked at frequent intervals for seed set. Pollen data were obtained from fresh material because, as Brewbaker and Majumder (1961) have pointed out, pollen may be stainable long after it is no longer viable. Pollen samples were stained for 24 hr with cotton blue in lactophenol. Those grains (200 counted in each case) staining fully were judged viable, and those staining lightly were eonsidered inviable. Measurements are averages of 20 grains (exclusive of spines) taken with an ocular micrometer at ca. 637X. To measure guard cells, the lower epidermis of the middle leaves on the stems of living plants was scraped off with a cover slip, mounted in water on a slide, and measured at 430 X. In each of 6 plants (4 diploids and 2 tetraploids), 100 guard cells were measured. RESULTs-Selfing-Tests for self-compatibility revealed that all the species considered here are completely self-incompatible. Chromosome numbers and pollen data-Information concerning the chromosome numbers of the species, the size of pollen, and fresh pollen stainability is given in Table 1. Meiotic stages (Fig. 1-6) in all species examined were normal with regular formation of bivalents at diakinesis and regular anaphase disjunction. Lagging chromosomes at anaphase I were occasionally observed, but this is not considered abnormal. Crosses-Table 2 indicates the results of crossing attempts among the cespitose species. Some attempts resulted in 1 or more plump achenes which either failed to germinate or died as seedlings. Three hybrids failed to flower and could not be analyzed cytologically (Z. anomala X acerosa [n = 10], Z. anomala X citrea, and Z. grandiflora X anomala). The remainder of the successful attempts are discussed below. For comparison of hybrids, some of the more striking morphological characteristics referred to in the text are given in Table 3. Zinnia juniperifolia X acerosa (n = 10) and reciprocal-The hybrids of this cross were vigorous and morphologically intermediate between the parents in 9 scored characteristics. The orange ray color of Z. juniperifolia dominated in the F1, but the color varied in intensity.


This work investigates binary pattern formations of two-dimensional standard cellular neural networks (CNN) as well as the complexity of the binary patterns. The complexity is measured by the exponential growth rate in which the patterns grow as the size of the lattice increases, i.e. spatial entropy. We propose an algorithm to generate the patterns in the finite lattice for general two-dimensional CNN. For the simplest two-dimensional template, the parameter space is split up into finitely many regions which give rise to different binary patterns. Qualitatively, the global patterns are classified for each region. Quantitatively, the upper bound of the spatial entropy is estimated by computing the number of patterns in the finite lattice, and the lower bound is given by observing a maximal set of patterns of a suitable size which can be adjacent to each other.


The course teaching reform of structure CAD was put into practice b y adopting advanced space structure analysis software-GSCAD and by a large scale of real engineering examples.It has bringed about the transition from the teach ing of single command to the design of real engineering and synthetical training of overall operation; achieved the jump from the study of speciality theory to the design of real engineering; realized the extending from the exercises in the course to the real engineering practice; strengthen the learning interesting of speciality and the practice ability of students; cut down the distance between the study of speciality theory and the real engineering practice; improved the s peciality accomplishment, achievement feeling and confidence of obtaining emplo yment of them.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the vaccination status of 5 kinds of extra EPI vaccines in Jiangdong district.METHODS 13 133 children between 2 and 5 years old were selected,the immunization coverage rate was analyzed.RESULTS The immunization coverage rate of 5 kinds of extra EPI vaccines were between 7.04% and 88.24%,and the average immunization coverage rate was 36.32%;In addition to pneumococcal vaccines,the vaccine immunization rates of other 4 kinds of types of extra EPI vaccines among the floating children were higher than the local children;the average immunization coverage rate among the floating children and the local children were 38.03% and 34.43%.CONCLUSION The floating children's inoculation rates of extra EPI vaccines are higher than the local children's;Putting the extra EPI vaccines into management plan is the most useful method to improve the inoculation rates.


Applications performed using computer systems and those computerized have an important role in the design and specification of the problem under study, help define a solution, support documentation, the implementation and testing of the solution and, finally, assessment the results. Also through the means of applications, through the design and construction of the windows of communication between administrator and user through the intervention of the programmer, these bases are useful and necessary facilitating scientific research.


Unlike many other countries, Northern Ireland residents do not pay separate water charges and there has been significant political and social controversy about their introduction. Therefore, this paper explores how Northern Ireland residents value access to clean, safe drinking water. Using the open-ended contingent valuation method, 205 adults were asked to provide their annual willingness-to-pay to maintain their current level of service provision, their willingness-to-accept to have it taken away, and their willingness-to-give to ensure similar service provision in a developing country. The results show that the value of clean, safe drinking water to Northern Irish adults is £120 per year, far less than both the real cost of provision, or the nominal amount paid through other combined charging instruments, demonstrating that said level of access to water is significantly undervalued by the Northern Irish people. Education levels and gender were found to be statistically significant predictors of willingness-to-pay and willingness-to-accept, respectively. Participants appeared to value their own access slightly more than that of people in developing countries, but not significantly more. The protest zeros observed throughout this study identified participants' resistance to change. The results suggest introducing water charges in NI will continue to be a fraught process, with significant difficulty accepting rates set.


In this paper we consider multidimensional nonlinear stochastic difference equations whose coefficients are allowed to be locally degenerate and to present discontinuities. We provide simple and easy to check sufficient conditions for the process solution to be geometric ergodic.


We investigate the dynamical behaviour of the genetic feedback loop present in the signalling network of the transcription factor NF-κB. This transcription factor is one of the most important regulators in mammalian cells, involved in a large number of cellular responses. We find that when the external stimulus is constant, the concentration of NF-κB inside the cell nucleus is either stationary or shows spiky oscillations. If the external stimulus is time dependent, the response can be more intricate. Here, we consider the response to pulsed and periodic stimuli. In the latter case the response can be chaotic with the NF-κB concentration converging to a strange attractor. The corresponding bifurcation diagram is also presented.


Based on a review of the literature,this paper systematically summarizes current research on influence factors,measurement indicators and measurement methods of entrepreneurial performance from the theoretical perspective.It sorts out the basic trends in current research on entrepreneurial performance,reveals the shortcomings of current research,constructs tentatively an integrated research framework of entrepreneurial performance,and finally puts forward some brief prospects for future research.


The word and truth philosophy hidden in the novel Kamien na kamieniu [Stone upon Stone] references the principles of oral culture. The author consciously, through mouths of his characters, delivers a peculiar lecture on word and truth, scored for many episodes – a treatise with a mindset rooted in the folk, pre-writing way of understanding of reality. In Myśliwski's oral world, the know-ledge of the meaning of words is tantamount to the knowledge of the principles of existence among people. Under Myśliwski's approach, tale telling is a kind of a spiritual journey to the most primordial existential experiences. The basic function of a word becomes the unveiling of the existential worry. Speech turns out to be a vehicle bringing out from human beings what really connects them. It is only the revealed worry that removes the obstacles separating the participants of a conversation, unveils their deepest identity and their common human fate. For the novel's narrator, understanding is a kind of a final existential opening to the Other, is a co-experiencing of the Other.
The hero of Myśliwski's novel values the myth of himself in accordance with the standards of the oral culture. He seems to regard the flat reality of facts as less valuable than the information from the sphere of axiology and existence. To him, the message of a myth is a truth much more important than the truth of events


Targeted differentiation of pluripotent stem (PS) cells into myotubes enables in vitro disease modeling of skeletal muscle diseases. Although various protocols achieve myogenic differentiation in vitro, resulting myotubes typically display an embryonic identity. This is a major hurdle for accurately recapitulating disease phenotypes in vitro, as disease commonly manifests at later stages of development. To address this problem, we identified four factors from a small molecule screen whose combinatorial treatment resulted in myotubes with enhanced maturation, as shown by the expression profile of myosin heavy chain isoforms, as well as the upregulation of genes related with muscle contractile function. These molecular changes were confirmed by global chromatin accessibility and transcriptome studies. Importantly, we also observed this maturation in three-dimensional muscle constructs, which displayed improved in vitro contractile force generation in response to electrical stimulus. Thus, we established a model for in vitro muscle maturation from PS cells.


This chapter explains media limitations in reporting crimes against humanity. For those of you interested in the punishment of crimes against humanity, that means an important but constrained role for the press. The press can be a watchdog sniffing out suspicious, even blood-curdling situations. The press can bark, as it is wont to do. But it should not bark in a judgmental way that a crime against international humanitarian law has occurred. That is for others to declare and enforce, such as governments, the United Nations, or international prosecutors and courts. The press has become moralistic, as the author has seen in the frenzy over whether a President may have done something sexual with a White House intern. He suspects there is a touch of moralism in all reporters; indeed, that is one reason they entered into journalism. Keywords: crimes against humanity; international humanitarian law; journalism; media limitations; moralism


Two new schemes for grounded-inductor simulation with single grounded capacitors using the second-generation current conveyors (c.c. II) are reported. The realised inductors L and their quality factors Q can be independently adjusted and hence are suitable for high-quality applications. L and Q are shown to be quite stable and are practically insensitive to the changes in the active c.c. II parameters.


This paper titled "issues, problems and solutions in English and Igbo supra segmental features: A Contrastive Analysis" examines comparatively the supra segmental features of English and Igbo which have been engendered by the perceivable standards of linguistic performance often characteristic of certain levels of education of Igbo speakers of English Language. The phenomenon that has made this possible is the features of the pronunciation of English among Igbo users of English that was observed. A tape recorder was used to ascertain the difference in performance between Igbo speakers of English and the British native speaker used as the control. Also, a spoken prose was used to assess the performance of the three groups. (Primary, Secondary and tertiary education). The analytical procedures were experimental perceptual and statistical using functionalism as propounded by Halliday (1978-1985). In this paper, the researcher shows the point that as a speaker moves up the ladder of quality of our English usage the more standardized his/her pronunciation would be.


The utility model provides an egg cone with nut granules, which comprises an egg cone and nut granules. The nut granules are distributed in the structural layer of the egg cone; the thickness of the structural layer of the egg cone is 1.5 to 2.5 mm; the distribution of the nut granules in the egg cone adopts the inlaid, embedded and / or semi-embedded type; wherein the inlaid type means the nut granules are wrapped in the structural layer of the egg cone; the embedded type means the nut granules are embedded in the structural layer of the egg cone; and the semi-embedded type means the nut granules are embedded on the surface of the structural layer of the egg cone. With the nut granules of specific proportion and specifications in the structural layer of the egg cone, the consumer can personally feel the egg flavor of the crispy egg cone and the rich oil essence of the nut granules while drinking the frozen beverage of the egg cone category, thereby realizing the dual enjoyment in visual and taste aspects.


A colorimetrie method is described to identify and quantitatively determine promazine, in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is applicable to promazine and promethazine mixtures, and promazine and chlorpromazine in mixtures. With a second colorimetric method promethazine or promethazine in the presence of the other two substances can be determined.


Consuming music through streams has made huge volumes of data available. We collect a part of such data and perform cross-era comparative analyses between physical and digital media for successful artists within the music market in Brazil. Given an artist's career, we focus on hot streak periods defined as high-impact bursts occurring in sequence. Specifically, we construct artists' success time series to detect and characterize hot streak periods for both physical and digital eras. Then, we assess their features, analyze them in the genre scale, and perform a cluster analysis to identify groups of artists with distinct success levels. For both physical and digital eras, we find the same clusters: Spike Hit Artists, Big Hit Artists, and Top Hit Artists. Our insights shed light on significant changes in the dynamics of the music industry over the years, by identifying the core of each era.


Compressed air powered engine is a type of zero-pollution engine, but its conversion efficiency is very low for its high pressure exhaust which causes much exergy loss. In this study, a control system was developed to reduce the exhaust pressure of vehicle compressed air powered engine. The control system is made up of a controller, a pressure sensor, a photoelectric encoder, an inlet solenoid valve, and an exhaust solenoid valve. The controller receives the pressure signal of compressed air in cylinder from the pressure sensor and receives crank angle signal from photoelectric encoder, calculates when the solenoid valves should be opened or closed, and passes control signals to the solenoid valves. The simulation results indicate that the exhaust pressure can be controlled to be near to surrounding pressure by using this control system, and the exergy loss in exhaust stage can be avoided.


Aimed at the characteristics,of Liberal Art students,the paper changes meathods which over the years followed the production of teaching models and methods of training a small hammer,by using of guidance,tips and heuristic model of teaching and the production of artistic seal training methods,it also fully mobilizes the enthusiasm and initiative of students,and stimulates the creativity of students.


Four 4.5 m long superconducting dipoles built to specifications similar to those for SSC Reference Design A have been successfully tested. They were wound with NbTi cable in two-layer cos¿ coils of 3.2 cm inner diameter. The coil ends were flared to increase thie minimum bending radius, anticipating coils wound from prereacted Nb3Sn. The coils were mounted in a reusable "two-in-one" iron yoke prestressed by means of a bolted stainless steel shell. The first two magnets as well as the fourth one, a special magnet designed to study cross-talk between the bores, used CBA/Tevatron cable. The third utilized cable with improved ("high homogeneity") NbTi conductor. All four reached central fields corresponding to their short sample limits at 4.5K without training, nearly 6. OT for the first two magnets, 6.5T for the third, and 5.4T for the fourth. At 2.5K modest training was required to reach short sample limits of 7.2T, 7.1T, 7.8T, and 6.6T respectively. The measured values of the allowed harmonics were within several × 10-4 of the calculated ones.


Abstract. Impacts of climate change and air pollutants are a growing concern. Reliable and accessible monitoring systems to assess air quality and climate extremes are essential to inform decision-makers and increase awareness of citizens. Approaches from Volunteered Geography play a pivotal role both in research and empowerment by new low-cost technologies. Recently, the spread of GeoICT and micro-sensors are offering opportunities for mobile environmental mapping. In general, official stations acquire data with high accuracy and reliability; in contrast low-cost mobile devices increase the spatio-temporal resolution of air sampling but with lower accuracy. Aims of study are i) assessing accuracy of temperature values from Sodaq Air and MeteoTracker devices; ii) assessing accuracy on PM 2.5 acquisition for Sodaq Air; iii) geovisualizing three months of environmental monitoring in the city of Padua. Accuracy assessment for air temperature was performed by using a calibrated thermometer; PM 2.5 from Sodaq Air were compared with an official air quality station. Preliminary results on dynamic mobile mapping indicate that temperature values from MeteoTracker present good accuracy, while those from Sodaq Air showed bias of approximately +2.5 °C. Air quality data from the latter seems to present, in this phase of development, some limitations, since comparative analysis with official air quality station indicates 93% of overestimation, on average. On the other hand, the environmental campaign with mobile mapping devices at urban scale highlights the capability of geovisualizing hotspots and densifying georeferenced data acquisition over space and time. Further software/hardware implementation and applied research are required with various devices in different environmental conditions to improve data quality and reliability.


Organic dyes discharged from industries have significant effect on ecosystem and health of human being because of their toxicity and appearing colour in the wastewater. Absorption method is a more preferable method than other wastewater treatment methods due to its characteristics of being eco-friendly, simple, and efficient. Zeolites are among the porous materials often used as absorbent of organic dye from wastewater. However, wide use of zeolite has been limited due to its expensive precursors and synthesized methods (i.e., hydrothermal method which needs expensive autoclave). In this work, cheap and widely available precursors aluminum from waste food packaging aluminum foil and low cost silica from sugar cane bagasse ash were used to synthesized zeolite without hydrothermal method (Z-B), where hydrothermally synthesized zeolite (Z-A) was used as a reference. The XRD patterns revealed that Z-B was sodalite octahydrate zeolite and Z-A was zeolite Linde Type A (LTA). The morphology and type of bond in both zeolites were investigated by SEM and FTIR. The synthesized zeolites were used as absorbents for absorbing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The MB removal efficiency of the synthesized zeolites was evaluated by using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results indicate that the absorption capacities of Z-B and Z-A were 3.5 mg/g and 3.9 mg/g at 40 mg/L, respectively. Optimum removal efficiencies of both zeolites were observed at PH of 7 and adsorbent dosage of 0.005 mg/L. The stabilities of both zeolites were tested three times. The absorption isotherms of sodalite octahydrate zeolite and zeolite LTA were effectively fitted with the Freundlich and Langmuir modes. Moreover, the absorption kinetics of both zeolites follow pseudo-second-order kinetics. Therefore, nonhydrothermally synthesized zeolite is alternative absorbent for dye removal due to its safety, cheap cost, using low cost and widely available precursors, and using easy and safe synthesizing method.


Many commercial database management systems maintain histograms to summarize the contents of relations in order to perform efficient estimation of query result sizes and access plan costs. The accuracy of these estimates is often of critical importance. But, there has never been a systematic study of all histogram aspects and their effectiveness in providing accurate estimations. In this thesis, we identify (theoretically and experimentally) the most accurate classes of histograms for estimating the sizes and distributions of the results of several important query operators and provide efficient (sampling-based) techniques to construct these histograms. All of these histograms are novel and differ in fundamental ways from traditional histograms. We provide a systematic classification of all classes of histograms based on certain canonical aspects of histograms that determine their effectiveness in a given estimation problem. We also provide techniques to capture dependencies between attributes in a relation and show that these techniques are far more accurate than the traditional attribute independence assumption. Finally, we use histograms to effectively balance load during parallel joins, thus demonstrating their versatility. Our over all conclusion from the accuracy and efficiency of histogram-based techniques is that they can be used both for enhanced accuracy in traditional applications (e.g., query optimizers) as well as in novel applications that can benefit from estimates (e.g., approximate query processors and load balancers).


A 40-year-old male presented 7 years after renal transplantation with migratory, tender, erythematous pustular and ulcerating skin lesions with serous discharge over both legs (Fig. 1a), developing over one month. He had no fever or altered mental status but occasional headache. He was on tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and corticosteroids. His serum creatinine had worsened from a baseline of 2 mg/dL to 2. 7 mg/dL. He had pallor and generalized lymphadenopathy. He had no signs of meningeal irritation and fundus examination was normal. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) study revealed 50 cells/mm (100% lymphocytes), sugar-20 mg% (blood sugar-127 mg%), and protein-78 mg/ dL. India Ink and cryptococcal antigen were positive in CSF. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan revealed multiple areas of high fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the right lung apical segment, mediastinum and along the bilateral iliac vessels in abdomen. Biopsy of the right inguinal lymph nodes revealed a granulomatous lesion with demonstration


The impact of speculative activity in commodity markets has been a matter of controversy for quite some time. It has become even more contagious as the financialization of commodities has attracted more interest to this matter, by both academics and practitioners. In this paper we adopt a different approach to study the relationship between speculative activity and volatility. We employ artificial neural networks (ANNs) to forecast crude oil returns volatility, using an information set of market variables for training. One of these variables is a measure of speculative activity. If the speculative activity did impact crude oil return volatility, we would expect that the information content of the speculative activity variable used in training the artificial neural networks, would improve the quality of forecast. However, the results show that the speculative activity variable did not improve the quality of the forecast. We therefore do not find evidence that speculative activity impacts crude oil price volatility.


Text is an essential segment in the course system.It is both the foundation of reaching the subject target and the basic way of carrying out the goal of the course.It is the effective text reading that makes the training of the students' reading ability come true,that leads the students' knowing going deeper,and that makes it possible to improve students' thinking quality.


Chemist Jas Pal Badyal is committed to solving big problems with very small tools: layers of functional molecules only a few nanometers thick. His ultrathin coatings have entered the marketplace on clothing, footwear, and electronics. They impart water-repellent, antibacterial abilities to around three-quarters of the world's hearing aids and more than 100 million cell phones. After launching three successful high-tech start-ups, the Durham University professor is now tackling social problems in developing nations. He spoke with Prachi Patel about creating coated materials that can harvest and purify water, a need for countries in the developing world. How do you make your liquid-repellent nanocoatings? We essentially control chemical reactions that occur on solid surfaces using plasma discharges, which are clouds of ionized atoms. One way we do it is to repeatedly expose the surface to a short pulse, usually microseconds, of plasma discharge followed by a longer off time lasting milliseconds.


With high efficiency and wide coverage, software automatic testing was the main stream of testing industry. How to successfully implement automatic testing was one research focus. It was introduced Rational United Process (RUP), automatic testing and manual testing, summarized the main problems at present during automatic testing process. In order to perform software testing with high efficient, and accelerate software automation testing's development, it was mainly analyzed how to overcome these problems and succeed to implement test automation.


Siloxane resin composition obtained by mixing a propyl silsesquioxane resin and MQ siloxane resin is disclosed. These siloxane resins various personal, use in automotive and Medical Care, in particular, useful as a resin additive in pigmented cosmetic formulations.


The basic problem in Jamaica is in modernizing the outlook and sense of values of a traditional agricultural population. Only 75% to 80% of the population is literate thereby making communications difficult. The National Family Planning Board was set up in 1967 and today there are 121 centers on the island. In addition there is a voluntary Jamaica Family Planning Association. The curriculem at the University of the West Indies has been undergoing change. In the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology the students are taught clinical aspects of family planning in detail. In the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine the accent is more on the community and its sociological demographic and economic aspects. A recent innovation is joint seminars with other departments.


The article begins with a survey of the development of the speciality Land Resources Management for undergraduate course education in our university, and then our undergraduate course system program for Land Resources. Management and its features are elaborated. We also offer our tentative ideas and measures for the development of the course.


mechanismresponsi- bleforthereported highincidence of ventricular arrhythmias inmitral valve prolapseisnot clear.Electrocardio- graphic studies showanincreased occur- renceofrepolarisation abnormalities on the12leadsurface electrocardiogram, indicating regional differences inventric- ularrecovery. Thepurpose ofthisstudy wastoinvestigate whetherdispersion of refractoriness was an arrhythmogenic mechanism. Methods-QTdispersion wasmeasured in32patients withechocardiographically documented mitralvalveprolapse and ventricular arrhythmias on 24 hour Holterrecordings. QT dispersion was defined asthedifference betweenthe maximum and minimum averageQT interval inanyofthe12leadsofthesur- faceelectrocardiogram. QT dispersion corrected forheart ratewascalculated by Bazett's formula. Theresults werecom- paredwiththedatafrom32matched controls without ahistory ofcardiac dis- ease.Patients taking drugsthatinfluence theQT interval andpatients withaQRS duration > 120mswereexcluded. Results-QTdispersion was greater in patients withmitral valveprolapse than inmatchedcontrols (60(20) v39(11ms) respectively, P < 0.001) aswascorrected QT (64(20ms)v43(12ms)respectively, P < 0001). Therewasnosignificant dif- ference inminimumormaximumQT intervals between thetwogroups. Conclusions-QT dispersion on the12 leadsurfaceelectrocardiogram was greater inpatients withmitral valve pro- lapsewithventricular arrhythmias than innormalcontrols, butthemaximumQT interval wasnotincreased. Theresults accord withthehypothesis thatregional shortening andlengthening ofrepolarisa- tiontimesinpatients withmitralvalve prolapse may accountfortheincreased dispersion ofrefractoriness. (BrHeartJ' 1995;73:37-40)


In this work, the crystal structure and electronic structure as well as the synchrotron radiation vacuum ultraviolet-ultraviolet-visible(VUV-UV-vis)luminescencepropertiesofLi 6 Y(BO 3 ) 3 (LYBO):Ce 3+ phosphorswereinvestigatedin detail. The Rietveld re fi nement and DFT calculation reveal the P 2 1 / c monoclinic crystal phase and the direct band gap of the LYBO compound, respectively. Only one kind of Ce 3+ 4f – 5d transition is resolved in terms of the low temperature VUV-UV excitation, UV-vis emission spectra and luminescence decay curves. Furthermore, by constructing the vacuum referred binding energy (VRBE) scheme and applying the frequency-degenerate vibrational model, the impacts of 5d electron binding energy and electron – phonon coupling on luminescence of Ce 3+ in LYBO are analysed. The results show that the Ce 3+ emission in LYBO possesses a moderate intrinsic thermal stability. With the increase in concentration, the thermal stability of the emission gets worse due to the possible thermally-activated concentration quenching. In addition, the simulation of Ce 3+ emission pro fi le at low temperature reveals that the 4f – 5d electronic transitions of Ce 3+ ions can be treated to couple with one frequency-degenerate vibrational mode having the e ff ective phonon energy of (cid:1) 257 cm (cid:3) 1 with the corresponding Huang – Rhys parameter of (cid:1) 6, which indicates a strong electron – phonon interaction of Ce 3+ luminescence in the Li 6 Y(BO 3 ) 3 host. Finally, the X-ray excited luminescence spectrum of the LYBO:5%Ce 3+ phosphor is measured to check the potential scintillator applications. of electron binding energy and electron – coupling on luminescence to develop the superior activated with


The effect of supplemental NO flux produced by the NO donor SNAP on interstitial PO2 and oxygen consumption (VO2) was studied by phosphorescence quenching microscopy under conditions of active and reactive hyperemia in the spinotrapezius muscles of anesthetized rats. The oxygen probe and SNAP (1 mM) were loaded into the interstitial space and PO2 was sampled at 2 Hz in 0.8 mm diam regions of muscle. In order to evoke reactive hyperemia and to evaluate VO2, the muscle was pneumatically compressed for 60 s to instantly remove blood and to record the rate of oxygen disappearance. The PO2 data were corrected for photo‐consumption. Interstitial PO2 at normal perfusion (Po), and VO2 were recorded in resting muscle (5 s), and during stimulation (started 30 s before Po measurements, 10 V, 1 Hz, 2 ms), compression and recovery (120 s). SNAP increased Po from 33 to 95 mmHg without changing VO2 (276 vs 281 nlO2/s•cm3). In SNAP‐treated muscles contraction caused VO2 to increase to 622 nlO2/s•cm3 (vs 650 in control), with a moderate decrease of Po from 95 to 61 mmHg. In SNAP‐treated muscles the post‐occlusion PO2 "overshoot" transient was absent and PO2 returned to Po, while the PO2 in non‐treated muscles reached 1.6–1.8 times Po. Inhibition of cell respiration by NO, found in isolated cells, apparently has no functional significance in situ because of the compensatory effect of high interstitial PO2. Support: NHLBI HL18292


Aminoacetals, easily prepared by condensation of aromatic aldehydes, secondary amines and alcohols, are reductively coupled by using low valent titanium iodide species to afford the corresponding coupling products, vicinal tertiary diamines, in good to high yields under mild reaction conditions.


abstract:In this article, the author analyzes the relationship between art and terrorism. Referring to the element of sublimity operative in philosophical writings pertaining to war and terror, the article raises questions concerning the sublimity of violence on the one hand, and the aesthetization of life and politics on the other. The article's focus will lie particularly in Immanuel Kant's account of the sublime in The Critique of the Power of Judgment, which will then be connected to contemporary literature on this theme. In the end, the author wishes to draw attention to the sublimity of violence operative in contemporary discourses and demonstrate the inherent tendency that aestheticized ideology has for applauding cruelty and force.


The purpose of this study is to analyze exploring of trigger of self-handicap of youth football player. In this study, participated 98 adolescents players-38 players of elementary school, 30 players of middle school, 30 players of high school, used Paired comparison method survey for collect the data. The collected datas are analyzed by Analytic hierarchy process(AHP), and drew a utilization of recognition trigger of self-handicap of  youth soccer player. As a result of study, first,  trigger of self-handicap of elementary school player in general factors was showed in this order; fear of poor performance, self-protection, give up a game, game strategy, in sub factors; worry about fail, low confidence, worry about low-evaluation, insufficient preparation, anxiety, avoidance of responsibility, decline in pressure, fear of punishment, prevention of disappointment, self-enhancement, lethargy, decline in enthusiasm, check on rival.  Second, trigger of self-handicap of middle school players in general factors produced in this sequence; psychological burnout, game strategy, self-protection, fear of poor performance, and in sub factors; check on rival, decline in pressure, worry about low-evaluation, low confidence, self-enhancement, lethargy, worry about fail, decline in enthusiasm, anxiety, insufficient preparation, prevention of disappointment, avoidance of responsibility, fear of punishment. Third, trigger of self-handicap of  high school player in general factors was showed in this order; self-protection, fear of poor performance, game strategy, psychological burnout and in sub factors; worry about low-evaluation, low confidence, self-enhancement, worry about fail, decline in pressure, anxiety, check on rival, insufficient preparation, lethargy, prevention of disappointment, avoidance of responsibility, fear of punishment, decline in enthusiasm. Utilization of self-handicapping triggers varies with age, which are considered to reflect the developmental characteristics and sociocultural contexts. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the use of self-handicapping of youth Football players by reflecting the development characteristics and sociocultural context of each age.