a leading social investor, told us it wanted to increase its investment in developing world mobile technologies and asked for assistance in understanding the landscape of innovative products, services, and platforms. Organizations working in this area frequently talk in terms of sectors or "verticals"—for example, agriculture or healthcare—but, like most technology investors, Omidyar Network thinks horizontally and looks for versatile technology platforms that can scale to meet a wide range of user needs. The resulting research project forced the GSMA to take a different perspective, one that has changed the way it looks at mobile initiatives in the developing world and has helped guide the formation of a newly launched Mobile and Development Intelligence program. Through an online community, this program aims to map out a complete landscape of developing world mobile products and services, and to provide free access to a wide range of market data and analysis. This article describes a new framework for thinking systematically about mobile initiatives in the developing world from both a sector (or vertical) perspective and a technology (or horizontal) perspective. This is based on a review and categorization of more than three hundred products and services, which between them account for hundreds of millions of users, customers, and beneficiaries. The


This article seeks to understand and explain the importance of Islamic education in comparison to Western education through a detailed examination of the challenges and expectations as seen through the eyes of Muhammad Iqbal. The research method employs a review of the literature to identify previous sources of relevant articles and journals. In this article, the author adopts the viewpoint of Muhammad Iqbal, a modern Islamic philosopher, writer, and reformer, to examine the benefits and drawbacks of Islamic and Western education. The discussion revealed that there is a significant difference between Islamic education and Western education, particularly in terms of scope and source material used. According to Muhammad Iqbal, Western education produces people with general science intelligence, whereas Islamic education produces people with good character and behavior. A good education must strike a balance between physical and spiritual aspects. Education's goal is to prepare men for life. Islamic education should be taught from childhood to adulthood so that the education provided covers a wide range of scientific topics. In the West, empirical aspects of real-life experience place a greater emphasis on educational resources. Whereas in Islamic education, the source of the value of knowledge comes directly from the creator of the universe rather than from the creation of experts or the elite of society. Because education is an investment in a better future; therefore, the educational process must run smoothly.


This paper compares the long-run buy-and-hold returns of privatization initial public offerings (IPOs) to those of the domestic stock markets of respective countries using a sample of 241 privatization IPOs from 41 countries. The evidence indicates that the privatization IPOs significantly outperform their domestic stock markets if the returns are equally-weighted while value-weighted returns show a sharp reduction in performance. However, there are substantial variations in the long-run performance of privatization IPOs across industries, issuing countries, issue period, and the origin of commercial law of the country. This paper also analyzes the cross-sectional determinants of the long-run buy-and-hold returns of privatization shares. The results indicate that the long-run performance of privatization IPOs is significantly related to the proxies of policy uncertainty, consistent with the signaling models of Perotti (1995). Such effects appear to be overwhelming in the earlier post-IPO period, while the traditional market factors become more important as the policy uncertainty disappears over time. The institutional features of the country such as accounting standards, origin of commercial law, and corporate governance scheme also affect the return performance of privatization issues.


Complex engineering applications demand powerful computing resources. An object based distributed system is suitable for such applications due to the inherent parallelism nature in the object based computing model. As the model is based on message passing, which in turns relies on location transparent object names, an efficient name translation system is therefore required to map the object names to the corresponding physical addresses dynamically. In this paper, we propose a heuristic distributed search algorithm, the hierarchy random walker (HRW), to take advantage of the locality of object communications thereby increasing the overall system performance. Analysis of the simulation results from a number of benchmark programs have demonstrated that the benefits of the proposed algorithm are in terms of flexibility and efficient to locate the most used objects. The approach will be applied to intelligent techniques for engineering problems.


The main concern of this paper is a word-formation and semantic analysis of compound adjectives used by Tomo Maretic in his translation of the 12. to 15. part of Homer's poem Iliad. The aim of this research is to determine the motivation, formation and frequency of these adjectives as well as to determine the dominant procedure of the translator. The central chapters, rich in events and characters, are expected to be abound in various adjectival compounds as well. 51 example has been excerpted. In order for the analysis to be more precise, all adjectives have been classified in four groups on the basis of the type of the word the first constituent of the compound belongs to. Compound adjectives where the adjectival base occupies the first place are the most numerous, then the ones whose base is nominal, and then those that contain an adverb, while only two adjectives in the first part have number. Connecting vowel -o- is dominant, but the suffixes are also not rarely found (-ø and -an/-ni). For this reason, 90% of the material has been obtained by compound-suffixal formation, and only five adjectives by composition (for example gromoglasan, krvavocrven). With regard to the meaning, most adjectives describe heroes and gods from Iliad. Some compound adjectives obtain lexicalized meaning (for example vetronog), whereas the majority retains the semantics of its constituents. The research of frequency indicates the repetition of the analized examples within Homer's poem (brzonog has been found 110 times). The analysis has also shown Maretic's process of connecting an adjectival compound to a certain noun, and in this way repeating them as a syntagm.


The introduction of electronic retail payment systems in Ghana has transformed business transactions over the years. The numerous advantages that are associated with this system cannot be doubted, however, there are a number of risks that hinder the success rate of business transactions. The objective of this paper is to investigate into how firms in this industry evaluate these risks and their mitigation strategies. A case study approach was adopted to examine how risks affect the firm's activities. Our findings indicate that a comprehensive risk evaluation of the whole process rather than one or two stages has an important impact on the efficiency of risk management. Furthermore the practice of risk mitigation policies and strategies serve as a critical step to mitigate these risks. At the end of the paper, we suggest a more proactive approach towards risk management whereby risk identification and risk assessment stage of the risk management cycle should be performed in a coherent manner.


The research has studied the jet noise installation effects associated with close-coupled, wing-mounted, ultra high bypass ratio engines, which main source is produced by the scattering of the hydrodynamic field passing the wing trailing edge. The objectives of the thesis were to understand the noise generation associated with this mechanism and to produce an analytical methodology able to predict the Sound Pressure Level that is radiated to the far-field. The hydrodynamic pressure field of a jet is studied from the theoretical and experimental point of view. Whether Lighthill's acoustic analogy is extended into the near-field by removing the far-field assumptions, three different terms can be found. These terms (near-field term, mid-field term and far-field term) were named regarding the geometric region in which each of them is dominant. When compared against experimental data, the three terms are found and the scaling laws, obtained from the theory, are proof. Wiener-Hopf technique is then used to obtain an expression for the scattered pressure field and the result is compared with the classic solution from Amiet. The knowledge learnt is used to create a prediction methodology for a static single-stream jet interacting with a parallel flat plate.


Introduction Ten years ago, the Director of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) in the College of Medicine at The Ohio State University (OSU) and the Director of the University's Health Sciences Library met to explore the idea of bringing library, CAI staff, and support services together at a shared resource desk. Although this concept had potential value for our customers, the conclusion was that the technology and the culture prohibited implementation. Much progress has been made on both fronts in the intervening years as evidenced by the opening of the ASK (Assistance, Service, and Knowledge) Desk in January 2005 within the Health Sciences Library. During the planning stages, it was not fully realized what a positive impact this seemingly simple service enhancement would have on the library's mission of serving the ever-growing information and technology needs of the faculty, staff, and students. This effort was the first tangible benefit of aligning traditional library services with the technology development and support activities of our newly formed Center for Knowledge Management (CKM) within the OSU Medical Center campus. This presentation will provide an overview of the conceptualization, development, and implementation of the CKM as a model for enhancing the mission of libraries by harnessing the principles of knowledge management. Let's begin with a reminder of what has not changed over the past ten years. Librarians remain the most visible stewards of knowledge. This has been the one constant and the foundation upon which the education of librarians is conducted. As librarians we continue to dedicate a significant amount of time educating our customers on the value of information and discerning quality information resources as seen when they query us about information they retrieved through GoogleTM. We teach them basic research methods helping them build effective search strategies. Academic Medical Libraries at the Crossroads: Managing Knowledge to Enhance Our Mission


In this online appendix, we present an extension of Theorem 1. We show that an RUA representation can incorporate the variational preferences of Maccheroni, Marinacci, and Rustichini (2006), which are general enough to incorporate other well-known uncertainty-averse preferences, such as the maxmin preferences of Gilboa and Schmeidler (1989), the multiplier preferences of Hansen and Sargent (2001), and the vector-expected utility preferences of Siniscalchi (2009). We present the extension of Theorem 1 in Section 1. The proof is in Section 2. In Section 3, we provide the omitted proofs of Lemmas 1 and 2 in the proof of Theorem 1.


Introduction: The sterol carrier protein‐2 gene encodes two functionally distinct proteins: sterol carrier protein‐2 (SCP2, a peroxisomal lipid carrier) and sterol carrier protein‐x (SCPx, a peroxisomal thiolase known as peroxisomal thiolase‐2), which is involved in peroxisomal metabolism of bile acids and branched‐chain fatty acids. We show in this study that mice deficient in SCP2 and SCPx (SCP2null) develop a cardiac phenotype leading to a high sudden cardiac death rate if mice are maintained on diets enriched for phytol (a metabolic precursor of branched‐chain fatty acids).


left ventricular posterior wall, freely communicating with the pericardial cyst, thereby forming a pseudoaneurysm. An urgent operation revealed a calcified left ventricular posterior wall with infected pseudoaneurysm that was eroding into the left lung. The patient developed multi-organ failure culminating in fatal ventricular asystole 24 hours later. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an infected pseudoaneurysm in the context of chronic immunosuppression. We hypothesise that the calcified myocardial wall served as a nidus for bacterial infection with subsequent erosion into the pericardial cyst, resulting in an infected pseudoaneurysm.


The 2019 International Conference on Civil Engineering, Environment Resources and Energy Materials (CCESEM 2019), hosted by school of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, has been held on September 20-22, 2019 in Beijing, China. The conference was strongly supported by North China University of Technology, Yantai University, Nanning Normal University, National Donghua University, National Union University and Universiti Teknologi MARA. Thanks for their Support and the active participation of experts and scholars at home and abroad, the conference has been a success. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Civil Engineering, Environment Resources and Energy Materials and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Civil Engineering, Environment Resources and Energy Materials and related areas. The conference was focus on building technology science and structural engineering, building environment and public safety, energy, chemical and environmental coordination materials, power engineering and control systems and other fields. At the conference, the speaker's professional speech was unanimously recognized by the audience. During the meeting, participants actively participated in the interaction. The students who attended the meeting also had a wonderful discussion on the theme of the meeting. The meeting was unanimously praised. List of Organizing Committees are avilable in the pdf.


Francis Crick (1916–2004) may have wanted to tell everyone around about his latest discovery, but he was not a publicist. One of his responses to the 'girlish style' in his collaborator James Watson's novel-like draft of what became The Double Helix was about discovery. What mattered was the discovery, not the discoverer or how it was done. (More selflessly, and despite being 'peeved', their future fellow Nobel prizewinner Maurice Wilkins wrote in the same vein to Crick.) As Crick said, Watson and Crick didn't invent the structure. He believed that what Watson and he deserved credit for was choosing the right problem, 'We were looking for gold', making the considerable intellectual investment in X-ray crystallography, genetics and biochemistry, and discarding ideas that became untenable. He wrote later that it mattered less that it was Columbus who discovered America but rather that the discovery could be exploited. Like most scientists though, Crick was sensitive about priority (as with the coy 'it has not escaped our notice' insertion in the 1953 Nature paper), while being conscious that eventual discovery was usually inevitable. He was renowned, and sometimes resented, for analysing and often solving other people's problems (or crosswords, as Bragg put it). Indeed, as essentially a founder member of the MRC Molecular Biology Unit in the Cavendish, he helped establish Perutz's culture of group members frankly discussing each other's problems. In the Cambridge days, the Crick parties, hosted by his second wife Odile, for colleagues and international visitors, were frequent, long-lasting, joyous and scientifically productive. Yet Crick was relatively guarded about his private life: he rarely read newspapers and was not a gift to journalists or photographers. He is probably less well known to the public than Watson, though Neville Mott (later Crick's ultimate boss at the Cavendish) earlier admitted that he thought Watson Crick was one man! In 1968, Watson eventually published what amounted in The Double Helix to a ball-by-ball description (including unflattering character sketches) of the events leading up to the 1953 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) structure. In his Foreword, W.L. Bragg deftly alludes to Watson's disarming frankness and the propriety of trespassing in the field of a neighbouring scientist. Ultimately, Crick's main criticisms of the book seem to be that it had cheapened the achievement, and that, as with the later BBC docudrama, it did not emphasise sufficiently that it marked a beginning, not an end. Subsequently, Watson published, in addition to more scholarly works, several semi-autobiographical books which again did not hide his personal views. Thus, his Genes, Girls and Gamow of 2002 is an indiscreet account of crystallographic and social life at Cambridge, UK, during 1953–1956. In every chapter of Avoid Boring People (2007), which covers much of his life outside that time, including how the Lucky Jim manuscript was smoothed into the publishable The Double Helix, Watson follows the anecdotes with advice to the reader. Crick's few popular books, on the other hand, tend to be shorter and more centred on the science. Of Molecules and Men (shades of Steinbeck) was based on 1966 lectures to Cambridge humanists on the molecular basis of life and received some critical reviews (admittedly by Nobel laureates). It attacked vitalism (as Crick continually did) and proposed to counter the effects of C.P. Snow's Two Cultures with the teaching of some science (not least about the unknowns) to all undergraduates. The very title of Life Itself (1981), aimed at the lay reader, reflects the influence of Schrödinger's What is Life? Life Itself expounds what Leslie Orgel and Crick called directed transpermia, the controversial hypothesis that microorganisms and hence life on Earth originated from a higher civilisation elsewhere in the universe, arriving perhaps in an unmanned spaceship. The early part had been salvaged from an aborted late 1970s book – it was Contemporary Physics Vol. 51, No. 5, September–October 2010, 433–437


Mao Zedong is a great man in Chinese history who had a great influence onChinese social development in this century. For more than half century, Chinese people hadwon the victory of new democratic revolution and opened a new epoch of socialist construction under the banner of Mao Zedong. In the practice of socialist modernization construction,Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong thought will guide and inspine Chinese people to make new victory after victory.


..........................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................5 Modern Agriculture and the Environment ...................................................................................5 The Case of Punjab ......................................................................................................................6 Environmental Education in India ..............................................................................................10 Research Question ......................................................................................................................16 Methods .........................................................................................................................................18 Findings .........................................................................................................................................23 Community Knowledge, Perceptions, and Attitudes .................................................................23 PSEB Curricula, Schools, and Attitudes of Teachers ................................................................27 Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Actions ...........................................................................32 Discussion......................................................................................................................................40 Evaluation of EE in PSEB Schools ............................................................................................40 Societal Influences and Students' Aspirations ...........................................................................44 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................49 Recommendations for Future Study ..........................................................................................50 References .....................................................................................................................................51 Appendix .......................................................................................................................................54 Interview Guide ..........................................................................................................................54


Faecal pollution is an impairment to all kinds of water uses particularly for recreation and drinking water abstraction. The assessment of faecal influence on water is usually achieved by cultivating indicator organisms like Escherichia coli, Enterococci or faecal coliforms. These parameters are reliable indicators for faecal pollution. However, they give no indication whatsoever about the source of faecal input. These sources can range from human sources like treated or untreated waste water and agricultural sources like grazing or stabled livestock to wildlife sources like game or birds. The list of potential sources is unique for each catchment and it is the objective of microbial source tracking (MST) techniques to identify these sources of faecal pollution (Scott, et al., 2002, Simpson, et al., 2002). The information provided by these methods pinpoints faecal inputs and allows target oriented measures for catchment protection (Sinton, et al., 1998).


Four aspects of a monorail guided drop tester, compliant to bicycle helmet test standards CPSC §1203.17, were modified (Figure 1): 1) to simulate oblique impacts, the standard flat anvil was replaced by a 30° oblique anvil; 2) to allow for unconstrained motion during the oblique impact, the head-form was connected to the drop follower with three highly flexible steel cables; 3) to measure linear acceleration in oblique impacts, the standard uniaxial accelerometer mounted at the headform center of mass was replaced by a biaxial accelerometer (PCB Piezotronics 356B21, Depew, NY); and 4) to measure angular acceleration in oblique tests a second uniaxial accelerometer (ACC103, Omega, Stamford, CT) was mounted at 90mm horizontal distance to the center of mass. Acceleration differences between the two accelerometers were used to estimate the angular acceleration pulse during helmet impact under the assumption of headform rotation around a transverse axis.


The paper presents the use of mobile telephones to creating awareness to change the behaviors of people in the selected towns of northern Uganda in water, hygiene, sanitation promotion. It also includes HIV/AIDS as one of the cross cutting issues being mainstreamed by the ministry of Water and Environment. Water and Sanitation Development Facility-North in partnership with German Development Cooperation (GIZ) is piloting Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) campaign through cell phones in what we term short messaging service (SMS). The objective of this campaign is to relates to the implementation of an SMS-based Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) campaign on Water, Sanitation and HIV/AIDS-related aspects in select urban centers in Northern Uganda to gage communities Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) campaign on Water, Sanitation and HIV/AIDS-related aspects in select urban centres in Northern Uganda. The approach radio talk shows and spots, call center and short messages.


Cutaneous immune reactions to soluble antigens, such as drugs, are common, but their precise pathomechanism remains unclarified. To this end, we newly developed a murine model for skin eruptions against soluble antigens using ovalbumin (OVA)-specific TCR transgenic line, OT1. OT1 T cells were adoptively transferred to naïve mice and were immunized with OVA/CFA. Five days later, a skin inflammation was induced to the right ear with topical PMA treatment, which induced skin-resident memory T cells (TRM). Two weeks after PMA-painting, a large number of CD103+CD69+ OT1-TRM were found in the epidermis of PMA-painted site, whereas only a marginal number of OT1 T cells were detected in the untreated left ear. Then, OVA peptide was injected intravenously, which exhibited immediate ear swelling response only in the right ear where OT1-TRM exist in the epidermis. Five days after the systemic administration of OVA peptide, CD44+CD62L- effector memory OT1 T cells (TEM) were significantly increased in the blood and, intriguingly, were detected in the dermis of the untreated left ear. In addition, a repeated intravenous administration of OVA peptide developed chronic necrotic skin lesion even without extrinsic stimuli. These observations implicate respective roles of TRM and TEM in cutaneous immune responses: antigen-specific TRM in the epidermis cause immediate and localized skin eruptions, whereas TEM infiltrate from the blood into the dermis and induce chronic disseminated dermatoses.


SUMMARY.– Basic technical aspects of immunofluorescence (IF) methods such as section cutting, substrate tissue, the purity of the fluorescein labelled antisera, and the optical properties of the fluorescence microscope, are discussed in relation to standardizing them. Direct and indirect fluorescence methods are mentioned.


Vegetation maps are the starting point for the design of protected areas and regional conservation plans. Accurate vegetation maps are missing for much of Amazonia, preventing the development of effective and compelling conservation strategies. Here we used a network of 160 inventories across northwestern Amazonia to evaluate the use of Landsat and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data to identify floristic and edaphic patterns in Amazonian forests. We first calculated the strength of the relationship between these remotely-sensed data, and edaphic and floristic patterns in these forests, and asked how sensitive these results are to image processing and enhancement. We additionally asked if SRTM data can be used to model patterns in plant species composition in our study areas. We find that variations in Landsat and SRTM data are strongly correlated with variations in soils and plant species composition, and that these patterns can be mapped solely on the basis of SRTM data over limited areas. Using these data, we furthermore identified widespread patch-matrix floristic patterns across northwestern Amazonia, with implications for conservation planning and study. Our findings provide further evidence that Landsat and SRTM data can provide a cost-effective means for mapping these forests, and we recommend that maps generated from a combination of remotely-sensed and field data be used as the basis for conservation prioritization and planning in these vast and remote forests.


A new variety of Pleurotus eryngii which is named `Gonji No. 8` was bred by mating monokaryotic strain isolated from E085D2 and a monokaryotic strain `aerini No.3` obtained from the Mushroom Research Institute, Gyeonggi-Do A.R.E.S. The characteristics of the new variety `Gonji No.8` is as follows. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was from to on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. For the primodia formation and the growth of fruit bodies, the optimum temperature was from to . The period of spawn running was around 30 days at and the days taken after the removal of the spawn layer to initiate primodia was seven days. The hardness value of fruit body was , which was two times more than that of `Keunneutari No.2`. The yield of `Gonji No.8` was about 133 g per bottle(900cc) and it was same as `Keunneutari No.2`.


Most of our surroundings indicate the unequivocal influence of Deco Art. However there is a great level of ignorance about architecture from the nineteen th...


We investigated habitat environment and flowering of Rhododendron section Brachycaryx in Hakone mountain area in which they are growing naturally, for the conservation of the natural colonies. R. dilatatum survived in the place where little evergreen trees grow, where little litter covers the forest floor, and whose elevation is lower. R. kiyosumense survived in the place where little evergreen trees grow, and whose elevation is lower. R. wadanum survived in the place whose elevation is higher, where LAI in summer is lower, and where the moss distributes broadly. LAI in summer seemed to perform as the indicator of the environment where the flowers of R. dilatatum and R. kiyosumense bloom. Seedlings of Rhododendron section Brachycaryx grew in the place where the little litter covers the forest floor, and where LAI in summer is higher. Analyzing habitat suitability of Rhododensron, multiple linear regression models that estimate the potential habitat of Rhododendron section Brachycaryx were developed. Broad estimation of those environmental factors will enable to delineate the potential habitat area of Rhododendron section Brachycaryx in Hakone area.


Georges Capus and Daniel Comte Early next century the COGEMA Group will approach the twenty-fifth anniversary of its foundation. COGEMA was established in 1976 to supply the French park of nuclear power plants. In the meantime, the company has expanded its activities so as to include products and services supporting customers in running nuclear power plants. As the company's activities about the back end of the nuclear fuel cycle are probably better known than its capabilities and products associated with the front end of that cycle, it may be in order to consider that COGEMA and its subsidiaries are among the market leaders in the fields of uranium mining, uranium conversion, and uranium enrichment. Contrary to predictions in the seventies, on which they had been based, uranium supply and nuclear fuel cycle services had to be adapted to a reduced requirement and to advanced technologies. In an environment like this, competitiveness is not only a precondition for survival in the market, but also helps utilities, in more and more deregulated markets, to support electricity generation in nuclear power plants in a fierce competition with other energy sources. Being a supplier, COGEMA feels obliged to pursue the sustainable generation of electricity in nuclear power plants, and seeks to maintain its competitiveness in the field also by paying attention to economic and technical risks associated with the supply of nuclear fuels in the long run. In uranium mining. COGEMA mainly tried to adapt production and the portfolio of resources to the changed realities of the market, moving towards low-cost operations. Decisions in this field typically must be taken fifteen or twenty years prior to an anticipated commissioning date. COGEMA's move to integrate into the market natural uranium from Russian weapon programs expands its supply base and helps to remove long-term uncertainties of the natural uranium market. In the field of uranium conversion, COMURHEX holds a trump card in this currently rather narrow market segment thanks to its geographic and structural proximity to the mining and enrichment activities of COGEMA. Uranium enrichment is influenced a great deal by technical boundary conditions. COGEMA has secured a unique position, on the one hand, by running a gaseous diffusion plant in France and, at the same time, by developing the centrifuge and laser technologies for potential further use. This strategy will not come as a surprise, given that a company characterized largely by its long-term worldwide commitment to uranium mining has learned to reconcile economic requirements with the peculiarities and whims of nature.


Cement is a basic requirement that is always needed in the construction work. Every year the price of cement has increased. In this experimental study using ash waste bagasse to reduce the amount  of cement in paving by substituting it. Variations in the composition of the addition of bagasse ash are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% of cement volume and with a ratio of 1: 4, i.e., 1 cement and 4 sand. Based from the results of compressive strength analysis, water absorption, and density, the paving with a mixture of ash-bagasse gain of 5% is the best when compared to other mixtures. The result are a compressive strength of 34.63 MPa, the water retention capacity of 2.12% and the density of 1.39 gr / cm3. The paving with a mixture of 10% bagasse ash yielded a compressive strength of 33.84 Mpa, the water retention capacity of 2.23% and the density of 1.37 g / cm3, indicating that 10% ash addition had the same paving test results without the addition of ash bagasse. In SNI 03-0691-1996, paving with the addition of bagasse ash by 5% and 10% including as the paving of quality B. Keywords : ash of waste bagasse, paving, pozzolan.


Kaalamo and Velimyaki gabbroid massifs are located in the south-eastern part of the Raahe-Ladoga suture zone of the Karelian craton and the Sveсofennian mobile belt. These massifs were formed almost simultaneously 1.89 Ga ago, occupy the same tectonic position and are located in a single unit of the Early Proterozoic metamorphosed rocks: the intrusions are contained by the Early Proterozoic supracrustal stratas: garnet-biotite gneisses and micaceous shales of the Ladoga series, as well as amphibolites of the Sortavala series. Despite this, the gabbroids of the compared massifs differ sharply in their material composition, especially the content of alkalis in a differentiated series of rocks. The results of thermodynamic modeling of magmatic crystallization (Magma Chamber Simulator, MELTS packages) showed that a differentiated sub-alkaline series of rocks of the Velimyaki massif cannot be obtained from magma of the Kaalamo massif by slightly changing such parameters as pressure, water content in the melt, and oxygen fugacity. The assumption of a significant difference in these parameters for magmas of the Kaalamo and Velimyaki massifs is not confirmed at the mineralogical-petrographic level and other characteristics of the rocks of the compared ones. The effect of contamination at the level of the magma chamber also does not significantly shift the trend of rock compositions from the calc-alkaline region to the sub-alkaline region. Analysis of the results of thermodynamic modeling of magmatic mineral formation in the two massifs allows us to make it possible to conclude that the Kaalamo and Velimyaki massifs were formed either from various parent melts, or their initial melt was one, but the magma of the Velimyaki massif underwent contamination with enrichment with alkalis along the migration route of magma until the level of the upper crust was reached.


It is an actuating system for a clutch, in particular of motor vehicles, with an actuating element (2) is disclosed. For actuating the clutch, the actuating element (2) about an axis oriented in the Z coordinate direction axle (4) is pivotable. The actuating element (2) has a first contact surface (10) and clutch release bearing (6) has formed a second contact surface (20) so that the clutch release bearing (6) along a shaft (7) is displaceable. The first contact surface (10) and the second contact surface (20) are formed such that, when the actuation of the clutch, a contact point (P) between the first contact surface (10) and the second contact surface (20) along an aligned in the Y coordinate direction line (12).


W I was in graduate school, I played basketball on Friday mornings with other graduate students and professors, and then three of us—Ken, John, and me—would go to Wendy's for lunch and long conversations on everything from the rationality of unstated norms guiding pick-up basketball games in different parts of the country, to the purposes of education, to our religious beliefs (or lack of them). As we got to know and build up trust in one another, these conversations became important places for us to explore and learn from our racial, cultural, and other differences. But still, there were moments when we sensed that one of us wasn't coming clean, wasn't saying what he really thought. Across the narrow tables of Wendy's an expression emerged, a sort of invocation to tell the truth as best you could: "Time to lean across the table." To lean across the table meant to lessen the space between you and the others, to attempt to express what you thought was the case with as much honesty and intelligence as you could muster, for the purpose of others' understanding. In Shards of Glass, Bronwyn Davies \OOK [iyEvmws


The elastic net clustering algorithm (ENCA) can typically provide an effective way for classifying non-linearly separable data. However, the computation time it takes will be significantly increased for large datasets. To deal with this issue, a parallel version of the ENCA, built on the Apache Spark framework, called parallel elastic net clustering algorithm (PENCA), is presented in this paper. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, it is compared with ENCA and two well-known clustering algorithms, k-means and genetic k-means algorithm (GKA). The results show that PENCA not only outperforms k-means and GKA in terms of the accuracy rate, it also provides an efficient way to reduce the response time of ENCA-based clustering algorithms for large-scale datasets.


Being critical is not an unequivocal concept. It is, rather, a contested idea. How the terms critical or criticality are used reflects the ideologies of the users. Consider the different ways people define what it means to learn in a critical way at the workplace. For some, critical learning, thinking and reflection are represented by executives' use of lateral, divergent thinking strategies and double loop learning methods. Here adult workers learn criticality when they examine the assumptions that govern business decisions by checking whether or not these decisions were grounded in an accurately assessed view of market realities. Inferential ladders are scrutinized for the false rungs that lead business teams into, for example, a disastrous choice regarding the way in which a brand image upsets a certain group of potential customers. The consequence of this exercise in criticality is an increase in profits and productivity, and a decrease in industrial sabotage and worker alienation. Capitalism is unchallenged as more creative or humanistic ways are found to organize production or sell services. The free market is infused with a social democratic warmth that curtails its worst excesses. The ideological and structural premises of the capitalist workplace remain intact. For others, critical learning in a business setting cannot occur without an explicit critique of capitalism. This kind of learning at the workplace involves workers' questioning the morality of relocating plants to Mexico or Honduras where pollution controls are much looser and labor is much cheaper. It challenges the demonizing of union members as corrupt Stalinist obstructionists engaged in a consistent misuse of power. It investigates the ways in which profits are distributed, and the conditions under which those profits are generated. It points out and queries the legitimation of capitalist ideology through changes in language; for example, the creeping and ever more widespread use of phrases such as "buying into" or "creating ownership" of an idea, the description of students as "customers," or the use of euphemisms such as "downsizing" or worse, "rightsizing" (with its implication that firing people restores some sort of natural balance to the market) to soften and make palatable the reality of people losing their livelihoods, homes, marriages, self-respect and hope. In terms of critical theory the workplace is transformed when cooperative democracy and worker control replace the distribution of profits among shareholders. The factory councils in Turin, the Clydeside Shipbuilding (Scotland) sit-in, the 1968 occupation of the Renault factory outside Paris – these would be examples of workplace learning in this perspective. How is it that the same term can be used to refer to such different activities? To understand the concept of criticality properly we need to disentangle the different, and often conflicting, intellectual traditions informing its use. Some predominant traditions informing criticality are: ideology critique as seen in Neo-Marxism and the work of the Frankfurt School of critical social theory, psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, and pragmatist constructivism. Traditions of Criticality Ideology critique, the first tradition to be examined, is a term associated with Marxism and thinkers from the Frankfurt School of Critical Social Theory, particularly Adorno, Horkheimer, and Marcuse. As a learning process ideology critique describes the ways in which people learn to recognize how uncritically accepted and unjust dominant ideologies are embedded in everyday situations and practices. As an educational activity ideology critique focuses on helping people come to an awareness of how capitalism shapes social relations and imposes – often without our knowledge – belief systems and assumptions (i.e. ideologies) that justify and maintain economic and political inequity. To the contemporary educational critic Henry Giroux, "the ideological dimension that underlies all critical reflection is that it lays bare the historically and socially sedimented values at work in the construction of knowledge, social relations, and material practices .... It situates critique within a radical notion of interest and social transformation" (1983, p. 154, 155). An important element in this tradition is the thought of Antonio Gramsci whose concept of hegemony explains the way in which people are convinced to embrace dominant ideologies as always being in their own best interests. Gramsci points out that because people have to learn hegemonic values, ideas and practices, and because schools play a major role in presenting these ideas as the natural order of things, hegemony must always be understood as an educational phenomenon. For Jack Mezirow–probably the most influential contemporary theorist of adult learning-doing ideology critique is equivalent to what he calls 'systemic' critical reflection that focuses on probing sociocultural distortions. Ideology critique contains within it the promise of social transformation and it frames the work of influential activist adult educators such as Freire, Tawney, Williams, Horton, Coady and Tomkins. A second more psychoanalytically and psychotherapeutically inclined tradition emphasizes criticality in adulthood as the identification and reappraisal of inhibitions acquired in childhood as a result of various traumas. Mezirow (1981) writes of "the emancipatory process of becoming critically aware of how and why the structure of psychocultural assumptions has come to constrain the way we see ourselves and our relationships" (p. 6). Using the framework of transformative learning, theorists like Gould emphasize the process whereby adults come to realize how childhood inhibitions serve to frustrate them from realizing their full development as persons. This realization is the first step to slaying these demons, laying them to rest, and living in a more integrated, authentic manner. Different theorists emphasize differently the extent to which the development of new social structures is a precondition of a newly constituted, integrated personality. Carl Rogers, for example, sees signif icant personal learning and personal development as occurring through individual and group therapy, and he does not address wider political factors–an omission he regretted in his last book A Way of Being. Others, such as Erich Fromm and Ronald Laing argue that personality is socially and politically sculpted. Schizophrenia and madness are socially produced phenomena representing the internal contradictions of capitalism. The rise of totalitarian and fascist regimes are made possible by the way ideologies structure personality types that yearn for order, predictability and externally imposed controls. To radical psychologists such as Laing and neoMarxists like Fromm, individual and social transformation cannot be separated. For the personality to be reconstituted, insane and inhumane social forms need to be replaced by congenial structures and the contradictions of capitalism reconciled. In Marx's Concept of Man (1961) Fromm argues that the young Marx was convinced that the chief benefit of socialist revolution would be the transformation of the personality, the creation of a new kind of humanitarian citizen. A third tradition invoked when defining criticality is that of pragmatist constructivism. This tradition emphasizes the way people learn how to construct, and deconstruct, their own experiences and meanings. Constructivism rejects universals and generalizable truths, and focuses instead on the variability of how people make interpretations of their experience. This strand of thought maintains that events happen to us but that experiences are constructed by us. Pragmatism emphasizes the importance of continuous experimentation to bring about better (in pragmatist terms, more beautiful) social forms. It argues that in building a democratic society we experiment, change, and discover our own, and others', fallibility. Democracy is the political form embraced by pragmatism since it fosters experimentation with diversity. Cherryholmes (1999) writes that "pragmatism requires democracy" since "social openness, inclusiveness, tole rance and experimentation generate more outcomes than closed, exclusive, and intolerant deliberations" (p. 39). Elements of these two traditions are evident in parts of John Dewey's work and they have filtered, via the work of Eduard Lindeman into adult education's concern with helping people understand their experience, and with the field's preference for experiential methods. In Myles Horton's renowned work at Highlander a largely constructivist approach was allied with a tradition of ideology critique to help activists realize that their own experience – properly analyzed in a collaborative but critical way – could be an invaluable resource in their fight for social justice. Epistemological Contradictions The intellectual traditions that surface in the discourse surrounding critical reflection generate some epistemological contradictions centering on the way we believe we come to accurate knowledge of reality. Two of the traditions–ideology critique and psychoanalysis/psychotherapy–work with largely objectivist conceptions of knowledge. An objectivist conception holds that there are truths 'out there' waiting to be revealed and that if people study the world long and hard enough they will stumble on these. Such truths will be verified according to intellectual standards based on the production of verifiable evidence. Research purporting to build a universal theory of adult learning, or to establish best practices in adult education, springs from this objectivist conception. This conception is firmly modernist and representational. Ideology critique, for example, holds that the oppressive nature of social reality is discoverable. Doing this is beset with difficulties created by false consciousness and by entren


On April 2017, four out of 10,000 Double Knock Out Red roses were observed presenting partially wilted and chlorotic foliage in a commercial nursery in Gadsden Co., Florida. Closer examination of the plant crown revealed brown discoloration of the woody tissue. Under high temperature (85°F) and humidity (70%), shoots progressively turned chlorotic and necrotic, leading to plant death in 4 months. A rapid-growing fungus presenting orange-brown mycelium and abundant cylindrical spores was isolated from infected woody crown tissue. BLAST analysis of the resulting sequence (GenBank no. MT019606) of this pathogen had 100% identity to Calonectria cylindrospora β-tubulin gene (GenBank no. FJ918509.1). Koch's postulates were conducted on healthy Double Knock Out roses. Two weeks after inoculation, shoots of inoculated plants turned progressively chlorotic and then necrotic, leading to plant death in 2 months. The same pathogen was reisolated from infected plant parts, which sequence also had 100% identity to C. cylindrospora β-tubulin gene (GenBank no. FJ918509.1). This pathogen is the same as one of three isolated from crown rot of roses back in 1994 and identified as Cylindrocladium scoparium (teleomorph: C. cylindrospora [Ellis & Everh.]). In this new occurrence, all infected plants were removed from the nursery, and no further infections were detected. This finding is important for commercial growers to be aware of the potential presence of this pathogen in their nurseries. Knowing the symptoms will help them recognize the disease and take action to prevent spread of the disease.


Objective:  There has been no community‐based research on treatment delay among people with mental disorders in China. This study examines lifetime treatment and treatment delay in metropolitan China.


Self-adaptive systems are able to change their behaviour at run-time in response to changes. Self-adaptation is an important strategy for managing uncertainty that is present during the design of modern systems, such as autonomous vehicles. However, assuring the safety of self-adaptive systems remains a challenge, particularly when the adaptations have an impact on safety-critical functions. The field of safety engineering has established practices for analyzing the safety of systems. System Theoretic Process and Analysis (STPA) is a hazard analysis method that is well-suited for self-adaptive systems. This paper describes a design-time extension of STPA for self-adaptive systems. Then, it derives a reference model and analysis obligations to support the STPA activities. The method is applied to three self-adaptive systems described in the literature. The results demonstrate that STPA, when used in the manner described, is an applicable hazard analysis method for safety-critical self-adaptive systems.


Thrice upon a time . . . First, an experiment: three approaches to the questions raised by Tan Dun's The First Emperor. *** The First Emperor, by Chinese-American composer Tan Dun, premiered at the Metropolitan Opera House in December 2006. A commission from the Met and a co-production with the Los Angeles Opera, the opera included an enormous cast and massive sets. The First Emperor of the title is the real-life Qin Shi Huang, whose history and mythology is befitting of a grandiose production even millennia later: Emperor Qin ruled from 220 to 210 BCE; he embarked upon large-scale projects, including the Great Wall, that were thought to unite China during a time of unrest. Known for his brutal force on small and large scales, Emperor Qin was buried with his army of terracotta soldiers. The opera opens with the Yin-Yang master, who invites the audience into a tale of long ago. The Yin-Yang master sings in Peking opera style and is dressed accordingly. Soon, the Emperor enters with his wife and daughter and his entourage, including the General. The Emperor Qin commands the General to find Gao Jianli— a childhood friend of the Emperor who he wants to write the anthem for a new and united China. When Gao Jianli is found and brought to the Emperor, his resistance to this task is palpable—after all, the Emperor has ordered the pillaging of his home village among many others and has caused large-scale destruction and displacement. The Emperor's daughter, Yueyang, who is bethrothed to the General, seduces Gao Jianli in the process of trying to convince him to write the anthem. Their night of passion ends with a miraculous end to her paralysis; she is, almost magically, able to walk for the first time. The Emperor is torn between his anger at Gao Jianli for the transgression against his daughter and desire for the anthem. When the Emperor demands that his daughter marry the General as planned, she refuses and threatens to kill herself. Eventually he schemes with Jianli to let her go temporarily,


Until recently, very few measurements of broadening of O3 absorption lines have been made (see Table IV of Ref. 1), covering only about 230 different vibration-rotation lines. However, investigators desiring to accurately model infrared radiative transfer in the terrestrial atmosphere require spectroscopic parameters (including air-broadened halfwidths) for thousands of vibration-rotation lines (2). Self-broadened halfwidths are needed for accurate quantitative analysis of laboratory spectra of gas mixtures containing high concentrations of ozone. In the studies reported here, the broad spectral coverage possible with Fourier transform spectroscopy has enabled us to measure air- and nitrogen-broadened halfwidths and shifts for about 70 ozone lines in the 9 μm region, and self-broadened halfwidths for over 160 ozone lines in the 4-14 μm region. The results are compared with previous measurements and calculations.


Today, we live in a postfordist, neo-liberal, information-societal type of capitalism. A new mode of development has emerged which has new emergent qualities. It involves a postFordist regime of accumulation, a neo-liberal mode of development and a disciplinary regime that has been described by the term 'society of control'. Although there is a new mode of capitalist development, we are living in a phase of social chaos, instabilities and global crisis. More and more people in the world have to live under precarious conditions, even in the western-industrialised countries. Immanuel Wallerstein argues that "this structural crisis leads us into a dark period of struggle over what kind of system will succeed the existing one. We can think of this as a bifurcation, and therefore the beginning of a chaotic period, within which no one can predict the outcome, which is inherently indeterminate. There will be a new structure, a new order, but it may be either better or worse than the existing one. It depends on what we all do in the period of acute struggle and how clearly we understand the forces at work". This paper proposes that the best way to understand such phenomena is through a dialectical theory of social self-organisation. The theory of self-organisation has lead to a change of scientific paradigms: from the Newtonian paradigm to the approaches of complexity. There is a shift from predictability to non-predictability, from order and stability to instability, chaos and dynamics; from certainty and determination to risk, ambiguity and uncertainty; from the control and steering to the self-organisation of systems, from linearity to complexity, circular and multidimensional causality; from reductionism to emergentism, from being to becoming and from fragmentation to interdisciplinarity. Self-organisation theories cover areas such order out of chaos in thermo-dynamical systems (Ilya Prigogine), synergetics (Hermann Haken), autopoietic living systems (Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela), hypercycle theory (Manfred Eigen), self-referential autopoietic social systems (Niklas Luhmann), and general evolution theory (Ervin Laszlo). The philosophical implications of these approaches suggest the topicality of dialectical materialism.


Authors report three cases of hereditary malformation of excretory lacrymal system, two children and their father. One of the two children have a lacrymal fistula. A surgical treatment was successful.


Quasifree electrons simulate the behavior of unsolvated or dry electrons in aqueous media including the special case of biological systems. A model of direct radiosensitization was developed based on dry charge-carriers having an extended lifetime in the sheath of structured water that surrounds polar biomolecules. In this model, the pre-solvation lifetimes of dry electrons increased with an increase in the rotational times of solvent molecules. During the development of this model, an increasing number of radiosensitizers were found to be carcinogenic. Measurement of the k/sub e/'s of known carcinogens and noncarcinogens revealed that carcinogens attached quasifree electrons at diffusion-controlled rates, whereas the k/sub e/'s of noncarcinogens were significantly less. To explore the k/sub e/-carcinogenicity correlation further, a study of quasifree electron attachment to the water pools of reversed micelles was conducted. The degree of structuredness of the water pools which determines the k/sub e/ of the reversed micellar systems was also controlled. Another approach to controlling the microenvironment of quasifree electrons in biological systems was done in studies of radiation-induced damage to DNA in concentrated DNA solutions. The high concentration of DNA introduces more structure into the solutions than that occurring in typical in vitro experiments. The structural enhancement bymore » DNA extends the lifetime of unsolvated charge-carriers. The DNA-damaging effects of radiolyticaly produced charge-carriers were also determined in studies of synergistic mutagenesis in bacteria simultaneously exposed to ionizing radiation and electrophilic chemical carcinogens. The attachment-detachment equilibrium of nicotine in hexane solutions was also studied. Both the kinetics and the thermodynamics of electron reactions were studied. (ERB)« less


Distributed file systems (DFSs) are widely used in large scale computing environments such as cloud computing and high performance computing systems (HPC) where thousands of applications are executed simultaneously. To support applications that produce and process a large amount of data, DFSs manage limited storage resources in the system and allocate the resources to the applications. To efficiently utilize limited storage resources, it is important to consider the I/O characteristics of applications as well as the effect of resource sharing among multiple applications in the system. In this paper, we first perform empirical performance analysis and investigate the effect of I/O interference caused by storage resource allocation. Based on our empirical performance analysis, we propose IFLustre towards interference-free and efficient storage allocation in Lustre file system. IFLustre first utilizes previous execution logs to determine the necessary storage resources for the application and predict the throughput and runtime of the application. Then, it allocates storage resources via file system configurations based on the prediction results and the DFS allocation status. This allows IFLustre to allocate sufficient resources to the application while mitigating interference from resource sharing. The experimental results show that IFLustre can improve the performance by up to 47% compared with Lustre.


This paper proposes a novel strategy for the current injection based control for distributed energy resources connected to weak grids through a voltage source converter experiencing faults. The current injection controller is no longer synchronized with the point of common coupling at which the measured voltage signal can be severely affected by faults in the weak grid, but with the strong grid point at which the voltage is rigid. It is shown that the phase difference between the voltage source converter and the strong grid voltages caused by the long power lines does not affect the power control. Furthermore, a time delay compensation method which tolerates communication time delay introduced by the transmission of the synchronization signal from the strong grid point is proposed. The performance of the proposed control strategy is verified with an RTDS Technologies real-time digital simulator using switching converter models.


The article focuses on the relevance of the formation of ecological identity against the background of such characteristic features of modern sociocultural reality as problems of a global nature and penetration of new forms of interaction and impact on the environment by means of the Internet and applied digital technologies in all spheres of human activity including ecology. The potential of subjectness, teacher''s professional and personal position, value orientations in implementing the ideas of environmental pedagogy in the school educational environment is positioned as a factor of formation of ecological thinking and transformation into developing educational ecosystem. Based on the analysis of the essential characteristics of natural and digital ecosystems, the educational environment of the school is considered as the system of conditions, connections and relationships, functioning and developing with regard to the laws of ecological systems. Defined component structure, formulated the author''s understanding and the essence of the phenomenon of "educational ecosystem". Mastering the proposed typology of environmental education strategies by teachers determines the integration of ecologization and informatization of the educational environment as the key directions contributing the emergence of innovations at school which are inherent in developing educational ecosystem. The author identifies the stages of a possible script of such a progressive transformation of the school and marks the dependence of its implementation on the level of teacher professional and personal development.


An overall improvement of teaching quality is the core task of the reform and the development of higher education. Based on the analysis of the main factors of affecting the teaching quality in universities and combined with the implementation of "views on improving the overall quality of higher education" by the Education Ministry, countermeasures for improving the teaching quality of undergraduates have been proposed such as increasing higher education funds investment to improve the condition of running a school, paying attention to the construction of teaching management staff to improve the level of teaching management, establishing Teacher Development Research Center to consolidate the fundamental position of undergraduate teaching, utilizing the high-quality social resources to implement the collaborative education innovation, and improving the personnel training system to strengthen the teaching quality standard.

Key words:
Institutions of higher learning;  Teaching quality;  Influencing factors;  Countermeasure research


We have made a theoretical and experimental study of the effect of radiative transfer on the onset of convection by means of comparative experiments in dry air and ammonia contained between horizontal aluminium plates maintained at different temperatures. The first effect of radiative transfer is to distort the linear, diffusive profile in the initial, pre-convective state. A non-grey theory is developed and is shown to predict the non-linear profiles profiles with satisfactory accuracy. The change of radiative flux with pressure of ammonia is also predicted and confirmed. This constitutes the first successful attempt to confirm the methods used in atmospheric studies in controlled experiment. A non-grey theory of the onset of convection is developed, separating effects associated with the distortion of the static state and the dissipative effect of radiative transfer on temperature fluctuations. Experiments indicate that the critical Rayleigh number in ammonia can be greatly increaesd over the best value for air (Rac = 1786); the maximum observed being Rac = 4870. Theory and experiment are shown to agree within reasonable limits. This work confirms the validity of methods which are of great importance to astrophysics and atmospheric physics.


The apparent activation energy Qc and the applied stress exponent n, rupture life have been determined during creep of AZ3l Mg alloy over the temperature range of 200℃ to 300℃ and stress range of 2.39 kg/㎟ to 9.55 kg/㎟, respectively, in order to investigate the creep behavior. Constant load creep tests were carried out in the equipment including automatic temperature controller, whose data are sent to computer.
At around the temperature of 200℃~220℃ and under the stress level of 6.37~9.55kg/㎟, and again at around the temperature of 280℃~300℃ and under the stress level of 2.39~3.98kg/㎟, the creep behavior obeyed a simple power-law relating steady state creep rate to applied stress and the activation energy for the creep deformation was nearly equal and, a little low, respectively, to that of the self diffusion of Mg alloy including aluminum.
From the above facts, at around the temperature of 200℃~220℃ the creep deformation for AZ31 Mg alloy seemed to be controlled by dislocation climb but controlled by dislocation glide at 280℃~300℃.


We modify the pre-factor of the semiclassical propagator to improve its efficiency in practical implementations. The new pre-factor represents the smooth portion of an orbit's contribution, and leads to fast convergence in numerical calculations. As an illustration of the accuracy and efficiency of the resultant propagator, we numerically calculate overlaps between quantum and semiclassical wave functions, as well as low-lying spectrum density in a 10-dimensional system containing unstable classical orbits. This sheds light on applying the semiclassical propagator to high-dimensional systems.


Since the heaviest traffic congestion on toll highways occurs near toll gates where vehicles make a short stop to pay the toll, an electronic toll collection (ETC) system is usually built to eliminate the traffic jams. In order to find out the non-payment vehicles, the violation enforcement usually includes cameras to capture images of license plates, and a license plate reader system to recode photographs and license plate numbers of all vehicles. Thus, automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) technology is often used in violation enforcement. However, the identification precision of ALPR is not always reliable. Human review and correction will be needed to improve the accuracy and therefore will result in extra manual operation cost. In this paper, we formulate the non-payment vehicle searching problem into a bipartite graph matching problem and propose a Photograph-to-Transaction matching algorithm (PT algorithm) without recognizing all license plate images for multilane-free-flow ETC systems. The PT algorithm not only can reduce the human loading to review and correct the image recognition results but also can accurately identify all non-payment vehicles. The performance of the PT algorithm was evaluated in ns-2 simulator and three different traffic scenarios: congested traffic, normal traffic and sparse traffic. Besides, we also propose two methods to simplify the bipartite graph, one based on the location of transaction data relative to enforcement line, and another based on the lane location where images are captured by cameras. The simulation results show that our algorithm greatly reduce the number of plate recognitions, and is more feasible and reliable for ETC enforcement. This will activate some consequent activities against the violation vehicles.


This study presents a visualization and analysis of social network for campaign mobilization conducted by marketplace Shopee and Lazada. The aim of this study is to gain insight on user interaction as well as to examine the comparison of hashtags used in campaign mobilization on social media. Hashtag has been used as part of digital activism which allows the user generated content (UCG). Marketplace Shopee and Lazada also employ digital activism by conducting Harbolnas (online shopping festival) campaign to boost customers engagement and purchase intention. The case investigated is the hashtag #Shopee1111BigSale and #Lazada1111. This paper used social network analysis by using big data from Twitter obtained by Twitter Archiving Google Sheets (TAGS) application. The data is then processed using Gephi. The result showed that #Shopee1111BigSale was more successful to create mobilization. In terms of network properties and network centrality, Shopee also has more influential actor that disseminate information in Twitter faster and more widely


ABSTRACT This article contributes to the literature on non-citizens' protests by analysing asylum seekers' claims to right to life as a case of politics of human rights. By analysing asylum seekers' protests as making visible the structural and bureaucratic violence of the state that violates their fundamental human rights, this article offers a reading of non-citizen protests as an engagement in the politics of human rights. Based on ethnographic fieldwork at the Right to Live protest in Finland, I discern the modalities of the injuries experienced by asylum seekers and their critique of the state. Their critique focuses on the bureaucratic violence of rendering asylum seekers illegal and the threat of deportation, as well as the violence of an arbitrary state expressed in legislative changes.


We have now studied two ways of solving dynamic optimization problems, one based on the Kuhn-Tucker theorem and the other based on the maximum principle. These two methods both lead us to the same sets of optimality conditions; they differ only in terms of how those optimality conditions are derived. Here, we will consider a third way of solving dynamic optimization problems: the method of dynamic programming. We will see, once again, that dynamic programming leads us to the same set of optimality conditions that the Kuhn-Tucker theorem does; once again, this new method differs from the others only in terms of how the optimality conditions are derived. While the maximum principle lends itself equally well to dynamic optimization problems set in both discrete time and continuous time, dynamic programming is easiest to apply in discrete time settings. On the other hand, dynamic programing, unlike the Kuhn-Tucker theorem and the maximum principle, can be used quite easily to solve problems in which optimal decisions must be made under conditions of uncertainty. Thus, in our discussion of dynamic programming, we will begin by considering dynamic programming under certainty; later, we will move on to consider stochastic dynamic programming.


The SSBWR 200, developed by the Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology (INET) of Tsinghua University based on the nuclear heating reactor (NHR) technology, is a new kind of small simplified BWR. The system uses natural circulation, lower power density, larger coolant capacity, and a passive residual heat removal system to eliminate the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) and the containment cooling and spray system (CCSCSS), so that the resulting simplified system is very safe and can be used in many fields such as co generation, district heating, seawater desalination, etc. SSBWR 200 has been proven to be stable and safe by the analysis of reactivity disturbance and six typical accidents.


Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus L.) drumming site counts were initiated in the spring of 1941 on the Litchfield-Morris Wildlife Sanctuary in west-central Connecticut. The work has been continued with intensive surveys being made in 1941 and 1946, partial surveys in 1942 and 1943, and incidental surveys in 1944 and 1945.1 These drumming site counts were made on a 760 acre study area which is fairly representative of the New England Upland cover types that occupy most of the western half of the State of Connecticut. Much of the area was formerly cultivated and has reverted, either artifically or naturally to forest growth. Of the timber types present, hardwoods (mainly the oak ridge type) occupy 47 per cent of the area; swamp hardwoods, 22 per cent; coniferous plantations, 17 per cent; and miscellaneous types, 14 per cent. Many of the stands are wholly, or partially bounded by old stone walls, relics of the days of cultivation. The area is used to a minor degree for recreation, and a small forestry operation is carried on each year. The study area was divided into 40-acre blocks and the boundaries of the blocks were paint-blazed, designated by numerals or letters, and cleared of brush sufficiently to permit walking. The spring drumming site counts were taken to determine as accurately as possible the number of drumming male grouse on the study area. If a sex ratio of one male to one female is assumed, it is simple arithmetic to multiply the number of males by two and thus obtain an estimate of the population available for spring breeding. The existence of a one to one sex ratio in grouse has been fairly well substantiated by other investigators (Bump, 1932, Bezdek, 1944). The average clutch size in grouse was found to be 11 in New York State (Bump, 1935) and there is no reason to believe it would be different in Connecticut. If the average clutch size (11) is multiplied by the number of female grouse on an area, the result will be the grouse breeding potential of the area. Thus the ultimate purpose of the drumming site count was to determine the spring breeding population and the breeding potential of the ruffed grouse on the study area. Grouse censusing by the King method (Fisher, 1939) has been used on this study area since the fall of 1940, and the populations as determined by the drumming site counts have been compared with the populations as computed by the King method. The drumming act of ruffed grouse has been described in numerous publications (Sawyer, 1923, Bent, 1932) and will not be presented in this paper. The censusing of ruffed grouse by the determination of territories has been attempted by Clarke (1936) who used drumming sites in conjunction with other indicators, and by King (1939). 1 In 1941 and 1946 surveys were made by the author; in 1943, 1944, and 1945, by Mr. M. Arnold; and in 1942 by Messrs. M. Alexander, W. Fitzwater and M. Arnold.


Co-Cr alloys have been used for many years in dentistry. In recent years, the fabrication of prosthetic restorations from Co-Cr alloys by metal laser sintering method has become widespread. This method is a combination of powder metallurgy and three-dimensional printing technologies. The surface microstructure of the material and the different phases formed on the surface of the material after sintering and heat treatment are extremely important since these metal substructures are layered with dental porcelain in fixed prosthetic dentistry. In this study, characterisation of Co-Cr alloy samples produced by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) method and sintering under various atmospheric conditions were performed with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray diffractometer (EDX). It was observed that sintering with different methods under various atmospheric conditions affected the XRD phase intensities. The sintering in the argon gas atmosphere yielded a more significant phase separation that facilitates the identification of different phases in XRD patterns.


During the summer of 1962, news media brought the issue of drug regulation to the public's attention in a pivotal way when broadcasting journalists reported on Sherri Chessen Finkbine's decision to terminate her pregnancy after taking sleeping pills containing thalidomide in her first trimester. In this analysis, I draw from New York Times and Arizona Republic coverage of Finkbine's legal case to demonstrate how the media coverage surrounding Finkbine's story supported through discursive justification the extensive regulation of women's bodies in subsequent legislative initiatives. I argue that three argumentative warrants dominated the mediated narratives put forward by this coverage to situate women as: (1) inconsistent and hysterical; (2) overtly dependent on others for guidance and support; and (3) incapable of providing concrete cautionary counsel. Ultimately, I argue that these specific, mediated warrants functioned to define and contextualize regulation and regulatory discourse in the context of women's health in the years to follow, including the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling overturning Roe v. Wade in the twenty-first century.


The innovation ecosystem is a nonlinear dissipative self-organizing symbiosis system with a progressive evolution mechanism of analog ecosystems. The three major habitat research groups, development groups and application groups are interwoven into a multi-directional and multi-directional communication mechanism that competes and evolves. This paper takes the three populations as the entry point, closely follows the ecological characteristics, introduces the Logistic growth model, constructs a multi-group symbiotic evolution dynamics model, and analyzes the dynamic mechanism and its equilibrium state. Through the combination of numerical simulation and empirical analysis, the symbiotic model is simulated and the evolutionary trend of symbiosis in China in 2050 is predicted. The study shows that symbiotic evolution is the effect of symbiotic unit formation in a certain symbiotic environment according to a certain symbiotic model. Symbiosis is the evolution mechanism of population; the evolutionary dynamic mechanism is summarized as: economic drive, ecological balance, competition synergy, complex adaptation and policy regulation; symbiosis The evolutionary equilibrium state and equilibrium conditions depend on the symbiosis between the populations; the symbiotic evolution in China is at a mature stage, and the evolutionary model is mutually beneficial symbiosis, which is expected to enter saturation in 2030. In order to provide a reference for China's science and technology innovation-driven development strategy, it will lay a theoretical foundation for further research in the academic community.


OBJECTIVE:Immunosuppressant has good curative effect on organ transplantion and self immune system diseases.there are various kinds of immunosuppressants in the market.the paper analyzes the progress and clinical evaluation of Immunosuppressant. METHODS:To collecte medical literatures in recent years at home and abroad. RESULTS CONCLUSION:The founding of new Immunosuppressant makes healing of treatmnet of autoimmune diseases and antirejection of organ transplant is easier. But must continue to seek new drugs with higher selectivity to cellular immunity or humoral immunity,less adverse reaction,with little toxicity,some rules about treatment self immune system diseases at home and abroad must be obeyed,ingenious drug dosage,in order to achieve regular treatment.


Gamma irradiation has been used to preserve an herbal medicine, but it has not been known the effects of gamma irradiation on their bioactivity as an anticancer agent yet. In the previous study, the gamma irradiation on mahkota dewa bark with the optimum dose of 7.5 kGy could be used for decontamination of bacteria and fungus/yeast. In this report, the effect of gamma irradiation with the dose of 7.5 kGy on the bioactivities of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.) bark against leukemia L1210 cells was studied. The control and irradiated samples were successively macerated with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. In the previous results, silica gel column chromatography of ethyl acetate extract of non irradiated sample (control) gave 8 fractions. Among these fractions, fraction 6 indicated the most cytotoxic-potential fraction, so that in this experiment, the ethyl acetate extract of irradiated and non irradiated sample were fractionated with the same manner as previous fractionation. The fraction 6 obtained both from control and irradiated samples were then assayed their inhibitory activities against 4 kinds of human cancer lines, i.e. HeLa, THP-1, HUT-78 and A-549. The results showed that the fraction 6 from control sample gave IC 50 values of 3.65, 5.59, 3.55, and 4.06 µg/mL, against HeLa, THP-1, HUT-78 and A-549, respectively, meanwhile fraction 6 from irradiated sample gave IC 50 values of 8.26, 7.02, 5.03, and 5.59 µg/mL, respectively. Gamma irradiation dose of 7.5 kGy on mahkota dewa bark could decreased the cytotoxic activity of fraction 6 as the most cytotoxic-potential fraction against HeLa, THP-1, HUT-78 and A-549 cancer cell lines, but decreasing the cytotoxic activity has not exceeded the limit of an extract and the fraction declared inactive. So that the irradiation dose of 7.5 kGy can be use for decontamination of bacteria and fungus/yeast without eliminating the cytotoxic activity.


We consider the inhomogeneous Dirichlet problem on product domains. The main result is the asymptotic expansion of the solution in terms of increasing smoothness up to the boundary. In particular, we show the exact nature of the singularities of the solution at singularities of the boundary by constructing singular functions which make up an asymptotic expansion of the solution


Computer vision plays a major role in the field of artificial intelligence. As a preliminary step of many computer vision tasks, semantic segmentation attracts massive research attention. Current methods lack accuracy, temporal cohesion and computational efficiency, and thus are not sufficient for real time video analysis with high throughput. This project aims to improve the performance of aforementioned aspects by modifying and integrating existing methods. Our work includes exploring per-frame prediction networks and integrating with extra information like optical flow. A new metric for evaluating temporal coherence is defined. And our results show an increased temporal coherence with compromised accuracy.


Abstract argumentation allows to determine in an easy, formal way which claims survive in a conflicting dispute. It works by considering claims as abstract entities, and expressing attack relationships among them. However, this level of expressiveness prevents abstract argumentation systems from being directly applied to reasoning processes where the context is relevant. An outstanding example is when a claim is supported by appealing to authority, so that the audience assigns reliability to the claim's justification based on the authority's renowned experience in the domain. To handle this, we propose to enrich the classical representation used in abstract argumentation by associating arguments with weights that express their degree of authority. The weights' values define their strength in the given domain, which in turn should affect the evaluation of their degree of justification. This paper defines a strategy to combine these weights in order to determine which arguments withstand in a dispute concerning a given domain. Such a strategy was implemented in the ARCA system, that allows to comfortably set up argumentation problems and solve them using both traditional extension-based semantics and the proposed evaluation approach. ARCA is used to illustrate the proposed strategy by means of sample use cases.


The economic impact of wildlife-caused damage and associated management is one of the many factors that arguably play a role in the decision-making process of wildlife managers. Often the role of an economist is to value the damage created by wildlife, or to assess programmatic efficiency to determine if changes can be made to increase return per dollar invested in management efforts. Frequently, the results of economic analyses of wildlife-caused damage are used to justify program efforts in the pursuit or maintenance of funding. The complexity of determining the economic impact of wildlife-caused damage requires that there is a clear understanding of the methodological approach used to determine impacts. Examining specific methodological approaches used in actual case studies provides a systematic replicable approach to valuing damage. This study outlines the methodology for determining the economic impact of cormorant damage to natural resources in a local economy: the Oneida Lake Region of central New York.


The invention discloses an auto-focusing camera module which comprises an auto-focusing lens module, a wafer-level lens, a sleeve and an image sensing element. The auto-focusing lens module comprises a lens and an actuator, wherein the actuator is used for controlling the lens to perform auto-focusing motion according to a first control signal. The sleeve is connected to the auto-focusing lens module, surrounds the wafer-level lens, and is provided with a conductive path. The image sensing element is connected with the sleeve to generate the first control signal which is transmitted to the auto-focusing lens module through the conductive path.


Abstract Humper lake trout are one of the several races or subpopulations of lake trout in Lake Superior. This study is based on 3,705 fish collected on a reef south of Isle Royale near the eastern end. The mean lengths of humper trout from commercial gill nets were smaller than those of lean lake trout. Members of age-groups VII, VIII, and IX represented 81.5 per cent of the commercial humper catch. The body-scale relation was described by two intersecting straight lines. The weight of humper trout increased as the 3.282 power of the length. Growth in length was slow and ranged from 1.6 to 3.5 inches per year. Annual increments were greatest in the first, sixth, and seventh years. Growth in weight was also slow but increased each year. Humper trout became legal (1 1/2 pounds) in the eighth year of life and reached 5 pounds in 11 years. All fish longer than 19.1 inches and older than age-group VIII were mature; the shortest mature fish were: males, 12.7 inches; females, 14.7 inches. At minimum legal size,...


Ventilatory capacity was measured in 6,391 persons 10 years of age and older in Tecumseh, Michigan. Mean values and standard deviations of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity, expiratory flow at 50 per cent of forced vital capacity, maximal midexpiratory flow, maximal expiratory flow, and peak expiratory flow were determined for the total population and for the healthy persons. Relationships between each index and age and height, and correlations among the 7 measurements were determined for male and female subjects. Mean values of age- and height-adjusted scores for the 7 measurements were compared in persons with chronic bronchitis, shortness of breath, or asthma and in those without respiratory symptoms or disease as well as in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. The relative ability of the 7 indices to discriminate between persons with and without chronic respiratory conditions was assessed.


In embedded avionic system, time and space partitioning is introduced to achieve stable and secure performance. Tasks must meet the certain time constraints when executed. Proper scheduling scheme is needed to ensure that the hardware is adequately used and all time and function requirements are met. However, existing partition aware scheduling works for no more than 2 partitions only. In this paper, a novel scheduling scheme of task allocation among multiple partitions is proposed. The scheme is based on balancing load of each partition and preferentially execute tasks that can optimize worst respond time. Experiment proved this scheme can reduce the average worst case respond time on the premise of schedulability, making tasks effectively executed.


The invention relates to a method and a circuit arrangement for limiting the current drawn by a powered from a DC power DC motor, in particular a powered from the electrical system of a motor vehicle fan motor, the maximum current consumption of the motor is matched to its current consumption in the normal operation in accordance with a characteristic curve with two linear portions ( 12, 16) above the characteristic curve for the current consumption of the motor during normal operation. In this case, a first section (12) of the characteristic curve in the starting range of the engine (18) much flatter, preferably substantially horizontally. A second, also linear portion (16) and optionally other linear portions connect directly to the previous section and coincide with the characteristic curve for the normal operation at the rated voltage of the motor. The current limitation of the present invention can be realized with simple circuitry means without great cost, how it happens for example when using a microcontroller.


This article presents an analysis of the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) and describes the current views on etiology and the problems of antibiotic resistance of infectious agents in the surgical hospitals of Kiev. The etiological structure and data on antibiotic resistance of agents causing SSIs based on the results of microbiological investigations of clinical material is presented. In addition, some conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were identifi ed as the main causal agents of nosocomial pyoinfl ammatory infections resistant to antimicrobial medicines. Recommendations concerning microbiological monitoring and antimicrobial therapy are provided.


HBO application to accompany the acute MI traditional pharmacotherapy proved to reduce MI recurrence within 2 years following in-patient discharge (19% decrease in reference group and 5.3% in test group, χ2 = 5.0, р < 0.05), possible to raise the 2-year survival rate from 86.2 up to 94.7% (р = 0.047, when applying Fischer's exact test).


Objective To compare the occupational stress and work ability between doctors and teachers.Methods Occupational Stress Inventory(Revised Edition)(OSI R)and Work Ability Index(WAI)were used to test the sampled 289 doctors from various class hospitals and 355 teachers from primary and secondary schools.Results The difference in occupational stress and strain was statistically significant(P0 01)between two groups,and the scores of the doctors were higher.There was no statistical difference in personal resources and WAI scores between two groups.Among 6 items of occupational role questionnaire,the scores of role insufficiency,role boundary and responsibility were obviously higher in doctors group,while the scores of role overload and physical environment were higher in teacher group.The scores of all items of occupational strain except physical strain in doctors group,i e vocational strain,personal psychological strain and interpersonal strain,were significantly higher than those of teachers.As to the personal resources,the results indicated that self care and social support of doctors were superior to those of teachers,however,the result of cognitive coping turned out to opposite direction.Occupational role and personal strain were mutually and positively correlated,both of which correlated negatively to the personal resources(P0 01).The correlations of work ability and occupational stress and strain and personal resources are significant in teachers group(P0 01),yet it was not in doctors group(P0 05).Conclusions For doctors and teachers,different measures should be taken to reduce the occupational stress so as to improve the work ability.


This essay delves into the complex intertwining of globalization and identity by analysing how the increasingly transnational nature of club football changes people's passions. A key finding from research among Norwegian supporters challenges the notion that passionate identities and loyalties are predominantly structured around the national imperative 'for club and country'. The English Premier League has in recent years colonized the 'footballing' media world. Yet in Scandinavia there is a century‐long history of both mediated and physical explorations of the English football universe. In this respect the contestation of identities in football is seen as an ongoing process in which the significance of genetic, physical or national connections to club communities decreases. It is argued that identity agents in football, or sports in general, can from this perspective neither be seen in terms of 'heroic' local repudiations of the global (Rowe) nor simply as the 'victims' of neo‐liberal sports capitalism (Andrews). Identities in football currently evolve in a complex transnational landscape, which seems to strengthen various notions of the local and challenge the emotional significance of nationhood.


Given a gene tree, a species tree, and an association between their leaves, the maximum parsimony reconciliation (MPR) problem seeks to find a mapping of the gene tree to the species tree that explains their incongruity using a biological model of evolutionary events. Unfortunately, when simultaneously accounting for gene duplication, gene loss, and coalescence, the MPR problem is NP-hard. While an exact algorithm exists, it can be problematic to use in practice due to time and memory requirements. In this work, we present an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for solving the MPR problem when considering duplications, losses, and coalescence. Our experimental results on a simulated data set of 12 Drosophila species shows that our new algorithm is both accurate and scalable. Furthermore, in contrast to the existing exact algorithm, our formulation allows users to limit the maximum runtime and thus trade-off accuracy and scalability, making it an attractive choice for phylogenetic pipelines.


The swash zone is the highly dynamic region near the shoreline where waves run up and down the beach. Swash processes determine whether sand is stored on the upper beach or is transported offshore, and they thus strongly affect shoreline evolution. The swash zone sand transport processes are not fully understood and no generally-valid numerical swash zone sand transport models are available. The Shaping The Beach (2018-2023) research projects aims to develop a new parameterization for sand transport in the swash zone, through a combination of detailed field-scale wave flume experiments and advanced numerical modeling (OpenFoam, XBeach). As a final step, the new parameterization will be implemented in practical morphological modelling systems (e.g. Delft3D) and validated against field cases. This is expected to result in a widely applicable practical morphological model that can reliably predict shoreline evolution.


Pulmonary hypertension in emphysema is thought to be due to a combination of structural damage to the lung and vasoconstriction (Ferrer and Harvey, 1959). Experimental observations in the dog (Nahas et al., 1954) and man (Cournand, 1950) indicate that hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. Therefore hypoxia in emphysema may contribute to the increase of pulmonary arterial pressure. However, correction of hypoxia in emphysematous subjects has not consistently resulted in a decrease of pulmonary arterial pressure (Westcott et al., 1951; Mounsey et al., 1952; Wilson, Hoseth and Dempsey, 1955) and this suggests that some other factor may be responsible. There is clinical evidence that when CO2 retention occurs in patients with emphysema, severe pulmonary arterial hypertension develops (Fishman and Richards, 1956; Harvey et al., 1951). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a decrease in arterial Pco2 produced by mechanical hyperventilation on the pulmonary circulation of patients with emphysema.


The effect of hydrocortisone acetate and adrenalectomy on the melanocytes and melanin in the skin of the anterior abdominal wall has been studied in pure black and pure red male guinea-pigs. The hormone was injected subcutaneously in doses of 1\m=.\6,5 and 12\m=.\5mg./day for 1 month into intact guinea-pigs and in doses of 2\m=.\5mg./day into adrenalectomized guinea-pigs. Biopsy specimens of skin were taken before and after the hormone treatment and were processed with the Dopa reagent; both skin sheets and vertical sections were examined. In the adrenalectomized animals


Introduction: "Late accretion" is a term that is widely used in the planetary community, but has come mean different things to different investigators. It is a concept that was created in the 1960's to explain the apparent overabundance of highly siderophile elements (HSE) in Earth's mantle relative to what would be expected from metal-silicate partitioning known at the time. It refers to accretion that occurs subsequent to the cessation of core segregation. In the case of Earth, the total mass of late accreted materials would need to equal or exceed ~0.5 wt.% of Earth's mass to account for the HSE present in the mantle [1-2]. The idea is that as long as metal is extracted from the silicate shell of a planetary body into a growing core, HSE abundances would remain extremely low as a result of the strong preference for these elements to enter metal compared to silicate. Thus, additional accretion would be needed to account for the abundances of these elements. In addition to supplying HSE to the mantle, numerous studies have also invoked late accretion as a means to deliver volatile-rich and organicrich material to Earth's mantle as well as the mantle of the Moon [3]. Some have envisioned this process as a consisting of a gentle rain of carbonaceous chondrite material that formed a "late veneer". Some studies of HSE in mantle-derived komatiites on Earth have interpreted changes in projected source concentrations with time to indicate a downward mixing of this putative veneer over ~1 to 2 billion years [4]. The concept of late accretion has strengthened somewhat over the years as new geochemical data and dynamical models have provided compelling evidence for the process. For example, Os isotope and relative abundances of most HSE projected for the bulk silicate Earth (BSE) appear to be within the range of chondritic meteorites. These characteristics are difficult to explain by indigenous processes. Nevertheless, some experimental studies of metal-silicate partitioning have discovered conditions (normally at high temperatures and pressures) at which the HSE become less highly siderophile and might conceivably explain the abundances of at least some HSE in the mantle by metalsilicate segregation at the base of a deep terrestrial magma ocean [5]. Given the rapidly growing evidence for and against late accretion, it is valuable to re-assess the concept.