From the polar extracts of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum 19 compounds have been isolated. The structures and relative stereochemistry have been elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and determined as apigenin, luteolin, chrysoeriol, diosmetin, quercetin, eriodictyol, cosmoside, vicenin-2, caffeic acid, p-menth-3-ene-1,2-diol 1-O-beta-glucopyranoside, thymoquinol 2-O-beta-glucopyranoside, thymoquinol 5-O-beta-glucopyranoside, thymoquinol 2,5-O-beta-diglucopyranoside, 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid, 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid 12-O-beta-glucopyranoside, lithospermic acid B, rosmarinic acid, 10-epi-lithospermic acid, and epi-lithospermic acid B. The three latter products display unusual stereochemistry of the 3,4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid unit(s), which to the authors' best knowledge has never been reported before in similar compounds. Moreover, lithospermic acid B (and its stereoisomers), p-menth-3-ene-1,2-diol 1-O-beta-glucopyranoside, 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid, and 12-hydroxyjasmonic acid 12-O-beta-glucopyranoside were isolated for the first time from Origanum species.


Drive system with means for preventing electromagnetic interference, comprising: - at least one electric motor (2); - at least one Frequenzumrichteinrichtung (3) for converting DC voltage of frequencies; - at least one voltage supply means (4), and - connecting lines (5) between the voltage supply device (4) and one for the electric motor (2) and the Frequenzumrichteinrichtung (3) common housing (6), characterized, in that the means in each case at least one of an at least partially made of electrically and magnetically conductive material screen and jacket surface (10) of each current-carrying connecting pipe (11) end arranged, capacitively acting capacitor element (13, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24) which with the housing (6) is connected, comprise the capacitor element capacitively acting (13, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24) a each screen and jacket surface (10) ends surrounding electrically conductive cylindrical shell member (16) provided with the housing (6) is directly connected, such that a portion of the capacitively acting capacitor element (13, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24) of the cylinder jacket (16) and another part of an end portion of the screen and lateral surface (10) is formed, wherein the cylinder jacket (16) - viewed in the longitudinal direction (11a) of the cylinder-like screen and jacket surface (10), a first end portion of the screen and a lateral surface (10) having surrounding portion (25) and a screen and jacket surface free portion (26), wherein in addition, the capacitively acting capacitor element (13, 16) arranged in each case at least one of the end face (15) of the cylinder-like screen and jacket surface (10) first plate ( 21) consisting of electrically conductive material and the base surface perpendicular (to the longitudinal direction 11a) of the cylinder-like screen and jacket surface (10), and one (of the first plate 21, 23) spaced in parallel aligned second plate (22 , 24) with the housing (6) is directly connected comprises.


The article reflects the results of the study of the process of hardening of steels radiation fiber laser and the increase of productivity of process of laser hardening due to implementation of fiber-optic lasers instead of CO2 and the increase of the coefficient of absorption of laser radiation and the exclusion of the necessity to use absorbing coating. The research studied the structure of the hardened layer, compared with the structure of the obtained on CO2 laser, and presented practical results of hardening fiber laser.


The protection and sustainable renovation of old urban area is one of the key actions for sustainability during the rapidly urbanization process in developing countries. The sustainable management of existing building is one of the key fields for the improvement of old urban residential area. Where sustainable renovation defined as a process for maintaining and renovating buildings with due care for existing architectural, cultural, and social qualities and attention to the impact on the natural environment, on people's health and well-being. In this paper, the significance and the demands of sustainable renovation for old urban residential demands a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating environmental, technical, cultural and social factors, as well as the cooperation of different participants., in addition, the general planning framework of sustainable renovation composed of existing building improvement, environmental quality improvement and weak population improvement was set up. However, different sustainability goals often come into conflict with each other and demand choices and compromises. Renovation projects are often more influenced by economic considerations than by care and concern for existing qualities. The challenge for sustainable renovation polices should therefore be to combine respect for the character of the place with high quality design of sustainable measures. The paper concludes that to maintain sustainability of the renewal and urban conservation approaches, the typical urban tissue and essential qualities of the historic areas and of the life of the communities, residing there should be maintained, while adapting the physical structures and activities to some of today's requirements Key, Sustainable development; urban rehabilitation and revitalization; Environmental quality; deteriorated urban area 1. Urban Heritage in Developing Countries 1-1 Definition of the Cultural and National Heritage If we want to define "Urban Heritage", what comes to the mind of the most urban planners are usually "monuments" i.e. all sorts of the old religious buildings, palaces, castles, historical city walls and gates and other type of institutional buildings (e.g. of education, science, social purposes,). This understanding often excludes historic residential areas and historic city centers which equally represent the urban heritage. In addition, there may even be nontangible elements of urban heritage, such as customs and beliefs that play a role for the articulation of space use and the built environment. (1). Refereeing to the General Conference of UNESCO, the seventeenth session, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage". (2) a. Monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and


Aim: The present study was study to observe incidence of cemental malformations related to mandibular molar roots. Materials and Methods: All cases requiring radiographs of mandibular molars reporting to author during 2011–2019 were included in this study. Mandibular molars had been observed for any radiographic malformations. Any such alterations were noted. Results: Author has screened about 522 intraoral periapical radiographs in this study. A total of 63 cases of root malformations reported with two cases of cementoma were observed in this study. Both these cases were diagnosed as benign cementoblastoma (BC) on excisional biopsy. Conclusion: In this study, we have observed that incidence of cemental malformations is 1.2% and of BC is 0.38% as compared to overall incidence of 1%–6% in Western Maharashtra.


Competency has a wide meaning and includes knowledge, abilities, skills and behavior exhibited in accomplishing a task. Competency mapping is a tool for mapping the competencies required for executing roles or jobs. The identification and fixing of competencies differ according to the nature of the organization. This paper examines the current practice in a fertilizer company operating at level 4. The methodology for calculation of gap in the required proficiency level is scrupulously discussed. The proficiency gap is a useful metric for the organization to formulate its development and competitive strategies. The level wise approach is adopted for calculating the competency gap in the fertilizer unit. Introduction Human resource management is a distinctive approach to employment management and seeks to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic deployment of a highly committed and capable workforce using an array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques (Isthiak Uddin et. al., 2012). The term competency was introduced and popularized by David McClelland (1973). The ability to deploy the skills is precedence to maximize human capacities, utilization and generate revenue. In future, skill mapping through proper HRM initiatives will be the trend, as highly skilled and knowledge based jobs are increasing. Indian organizations are also witnessing a change in systems, internal cultures and philosophy due to the global alignment. The multi-skilling environment requires redesigning of jobs and redefining of roles. These roles form the important sources for identifying the competencies of the organization. Competency mapping is a way of assessing the strengths and weaknesses of an employee or an organization. Competency mapping has a wide variety of applications in managing and compensating the best in the organization. The organizational strengths in areas like teamwork, leadership, and decision-making can be further developed as core competencies of the organization. In view of its importance and potential, many global and domestic organizations are using and applying competency based technique to combine the strengths of different employees to produce the highest quality work. This type of assessment can help them prepare for a career change or advancement in a specific job field. The capabilities have to match with the capacity to attain the desired outcome (Boyatzis, 1982). Further, building of core competencies is a key corporate strategy for organization's development and competitive advantage. Theoretical Review Competency mapping is a process through which one assesses and determines one's strengths as an individual worker and as part of an organization (Ishtiak Uddin et al, 2012). Competency mapping includes behavioral components related to two areas: * Emotional intelligence or emotional quotient (EQ) * Human relational and decision-making. Organizations employ competency mapping to understand the employee strengths for deployment at workplace. Competency mapping is also an effective tool to analyze the combination of strengths in different workers to produce the most effective teams and the highest quality work. Quinn Faerman, Thompson, and McGrath (1990) indicated that competencies were associated with knowledge and skills for implementing certain assignments or projects effectively. Spencer and Spencer (1993) similarly defined competency as a characteristic of an individual that is causally related to criterion-referenced effective and/or superior performance in a job or situation. Parry (1998) defines competency as a cluster of related knowledge, skills and attitudes that affects a major part of one's job that correlates with performance on the job that can be measured against well-accepted standards and that can be improved via training and development. The components of competency are knowledge, understanding, skills, attitude and other characteristics like motives, values, trait, self concept (Knowles, 1975). …


Having creative and innovative employees is one of the characteristics of successful organizations in the contemporary world. Meanwhile, educational organizations have a wider capacity to simultaneously train and hire innovative staff. The aim of study was to compare innovative behavior models for use by planners and managers of educational organizations. The method of research was qualitative exploratory, research population includes all models of innovative behavior and data collection and analysis methods were documentary method and deductive content analysis respectively. The research findings indicate an upward trend in interest of study methods and factors affecting innovation among behavioral scientists and management researchers in both developed and developing countries. Awareness about complexity of recent models compared to previous models and the emphasis on the role of internal and external components of innovation is another research finding. Other findings of the study are that the component of "idea development" is present in ten models of innovation, while the two components of "initial assessment of the status of the organization" and "role of external factors on innovation" are mentioned in only three models. Therefore, the main similarity and difference among innovative behavior models can be seen in these three components. In addition, after the "idea development" component, the three components of idea production (in 8 models), product goods (in 8 models) and marketing (in 7 models) have caused the most similarity between innovation models. Based on these findings, it is suggested that in order to create and strengthen innovative behavior in educational organizations, a model be considered by policy makers and planners that has four main components namely production of new ideas, development of new ideas, production of goods based on new ideas and marketing for new products.


Background and Objectives  National guidelines for monitoring bacterial contamination of blood components were introduced in Germany in 1997. Between 1998 and 2002, numerous measures were implemented to prevent bacterial contamination. This study investigates their impact on contamination rates.


Due to the limitation of the local economical development,as one of major positions that develop the high-quality labors of technological skill type in western China,vocational education needs further development.This article expounds that while developing vocational education and adult education in the west energetically,we should dig the extant resources of vocational education and adult education to the full,and classify strategic choices in talents development.First,we must develop a large number of talents of technological skill type that closely relate with the demands of the regional advantageous industry economy and featured economical development;second,we should develop large number of talents with a certain kind of skill that can be transferred to other regions according to the needs of rapid increase of service economy in western China.Thus,we make greater contribution during the process of west development by promoting the development of mainstream economic components in west China.


Abstract: Four samples of plagioclase and biotite from the Shaxi porphyry in the lower part of the Yangtze metallogenic belt were analyzed for age determination with the 40Ar/39 Ar method. The results yield reproducible ages of 126 Ma to 135 Ma with a high level of confidence according to the agreement between isochron and plateau ages. The four Ar‐Ar ages are relatively consistent within the analytical error. These ages are also consistent with, but more precise than, previous K‐Ar and Rb‐Sr ages and thus provide better constraints on the time of porphyry formation and associated Cu‐Au mineralization along the middle to lower part of the Yangtze metallogenic belt. The ages of 126 to 135 Ma are interpreted to represent the intrusive time of the Shaxi porphyry, so that the Cu‐Au mineralization should have occurred later due to the post‐magmatic hydrothermal event.


In this paper, a new extended concept of directional derivative named extend-directional derivative, which is a reasonable extension of the conventional derivative, is induced based on the old counterpart. Meanwhile, with this similar method, using this extension in BSS problems and ICA based algorithms, a new concept named extended-natural gradient, whose specific form depends on a translation function on the independent variable matrix, is brought forward to solve the puzzle we have been facing. With the assist of ICALAB software package, we conduct these new algorithms, observe the actual separation effect and analyze the performance and convergence rate of them, all of which are tested in MATLAB simulation environment. The results show that, with proper translation function chosen, extended algorithm converges much faster than conventional natural gradient algorithm. No doubt this is a great improvement from the view of accelerate the execution of natural gradient algorithm, as well as in deeply research in the natural gradient algorithm itself and delivering new algorithms to solve the blind separation problems.


Two new species of Glyptothorax are described from the rivers draining the Annam Cordilleras in central Vietnam. Glyptothorax filicatus n. sp. is distinguished from congeners in Indochina in having a diverging pattern of striae running along the edges of the central depression in the thoracic adhesive apparatus, and a combination of the following characters: dorsal spine length 13.7–15.1% SL, pectoral fin length 21.5–21.9% SL, length of adipose-fin base 13.3–15.0% SL, depth of caudal peduncle 8.4–8.8% SL, body depth at anus 15.1–16.0% SL, snout length 48.0–52.9% HL, eye diameter 8.9– 9.9% HL, anterior nuchal plate strongly demarcated in beige and caudal peduncle with a pale vertical band. Glyptothorax strabonis n. sp. is distinguished from congeners in Indochina in having a very small eye (6.2–6.5% HL), and a combination of the following characters: length of caudal peduncle 20.5–21.2% SL, depth of caudal peduncle 7.5–9.2% SL, body depth at anus 13.7–20.9% SL, head width 17.9–18.8% SL, presence of 14–16 serrae on posterior margin of pectoral spine, and coloration consisting of a dark-brown body with indistinct pale mid-lateral and mid-dorsal stripes.


A three-level T-type converter interfaced with an LCL filter (LCL-3LT2C) has been widely used in low-voltage and high-quality photovoltaic (PV) systems. The control of LCL-3LT2C is a multiobjective optimization problem (MOOP), which is suitable to apply model predictive control (MPC). Although the MPC has fast dynamic response, accurate transient control, and easy handling of MOOP problems, its control performance is still highly dependent on the system model used for the control system. If the system parameter mismatch between the plant and the MPC controller occurs, the performance of the control object will degrade. To solve this problem, a novel adaptive ultralocal model-free predictive control for LCL-3LT2C is proposed. First, the relationship between the NP voltage and the converter current is analyzed, and a dynamic antidisturbance factor is introduced into the reference of the converter current for NP voltage suppression. Second, to improve the model estimation accuracy, a new ultralocal model is introduced, which decouples the known and unknown terms of the system into the linear known and the nonlinear unknown terms. Finally, an extended sliding-mode disturbance observer is considered to estimate the nonlinear unknown term. The proposed method simplifies the control of NP voltage, converter current, and grid current. Experimental results on the 10-kW laboratory prototype demonstrate its superior performance over existing techniques.


The present invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine preparation and preparation method of treating chronic bronchitis, spleen and kidney yang, wherein the Chinese medicine preparation comprising the medicinal raw materials: Poria, Atractylodes, ginger, licorice, lily, walnut, jujube, white cardamom, Magnolia, almonds, bell grass, ginseng chrysanthemum, kidneys son, single kidney grass, palm ginseng, red Nan root, ginseng double, lucky grass, amaranth, cotton root and Gnaphalium. Advantageous Effects of Invention: The present invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine preparation using the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Warming spleen, Qingfeizhike, phlegm and asthma, the exact effect of the spleen and kidney yang chronic bronchitis, toxic side effects.


Traditional Market is a favorite place for people, especially the low and middle class to buy the daily needs. Traditional Market has a characteristic, which is the bidding process. Traditional markets in Semarang is one contributor to PAD through the levy and able to absorb a lot of labor as seller's market, pedicab drivers, parking attendants and porters. Currently there are 44 traditional markets in the Semarang. The purpose of this research is to identify factors supporting and obstructing the development of traditional markets in Semarang and formulate the strategy of development traditional markets in Semarang. This research uses qualitative descriptive method by using informant from the Department of Market in Semarang, traditional market seller and the public as a visitor the traditional market in the Semarang. The analysis process begins with identifying the internal and external environment of Department of Market in Semarang using the SWOT analysis to obtain the issues of strategy and then measured by Litmus test. Results of the research strategy of development traditional markets in Semarang City through SWOT analysis contained eight Issues Strategy. Based on the results of litmus test, strategy of development traditional market with the highest score are Optimalizing development and revitalization of traditional markets include ease of access for society and seller and development of traditional markets by utilizing the potential and characteristics.


Welcome to this Special Issue on 'International learning communities in uncertain times', edited (as seems only fitting for such a topic) by international guest editors. In this case your guest editors are Dennis Murray, Senior Honorary Fellow at the LH Martin Institute in the University of Melbourne, Australia, and Matthew Andrews, Secretary and Registrar at the University of Gloucestershire in the UK. It has been our pleasure to bring this issue of the journal into being on a topic that is relevant and pressing to colleagues working in higher education across the globe. Populist nationalism, on the rise in many countries, could be argued to be the natural opposite of higher education. Perhaps the most ancient institute of higher learning we know of, at Taxila in modern-day Pakistan, attracted students from many different countries. Within the medieval origins of western universities, there was an international ideal too, with students travelling from across Europe to learn from the most renowned scholars of their day. This sense of a border-less educational space has never left higher education and pervades even the most provincial of universities today. There can be few universities that do not place great value in their international perspectives, crafting global citizens out of their students. At one point in the ascendant, the notion of a liberal international consensus is seemingly now threatened – or at least severely shaken. Political scientist Francis Fukuyama typifies the former sense of confidence (perhaps even triumphalism). In the 1990s, Fukuyama pronounced The End of History. His argument was not that the 'occurrence of events' had ended but that history as a 'single, coherent, evolutionary process' had reached its conclusion in liberal democracy. Liberal democracy, and with it the free market, he asserted had become 'the only coherent political aspiration'. Whether we believe this to be true or not, education, and especially higher education, was said by Fukuyama to be at the root of what created the conditions for liberal democracy to flourish. Perhaps because universities are seen as creating the conditions for liberal democracy, political opposition has grown. In Hungary, the right-wing government, led by Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, has clamped down on universities while accusations of an academic purge led by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey have caused international concern. In the USA and UK, the rise of populist nationalism is exemplified by the election of Donald Trump and the vote to leave the EU. More than finding themselves on the wrong side of current political trends, universities in the UK were even approached by a Brexit-supporting Member of Parliament and asked to provide the names of any professors involved in teaching European affairs with reference to Brexit. Many suspected a McCarthyite purge. JOURNAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION POLICY AND MANAGEMENT 2018, VOL. 40, NO. 6, 517–519 https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2018.1531209


Philip Hall proved that the group operation in a finitely generated nilpotent group can be described by polynomials in the coordinates with respect to a Mal'cev basis. In this paper we generalize this result to the class of polycyclic groups. Using the construction of a semi‐simple splitting for a polycylic group as introduced by Dan Segal, we prove that the group operation is described by polynomial and exponential functions. Hall's result provided a powerful route to the understanding of the connection between the abstract nilpotent group and associated topological and algebraic groups. In the same manner, we apply our result for polycyclic groups to illuminate various constructions, due to Steve Donkin and Andy Magid, of topological and algebraic groups associated with a polycyclic group.


In the coming years, it is necessary to develop a new strategy for the spatial development of Russia and continue to elaborate the state spatial policy, within the framework of which there should be an increase in the importance of municipal issues. From the author's point of view, this will be possible when solving a number of conceptual and applied problems. This is a clear articulation of a multi–scale approach in state spatial policy in general and in relation to the formation of the settlement system in particular - a clear statement of goals and objectives at the level of macro-regions, regions (subjects of the Russian Federation), municipalities, determining the balance of these partly inevitably contradictory goals. In order to justify the decisions taken, it is important to radically advance the quality of municipal statistics: the approval of the official methodology for calculating the gross municipal product, the active use of the resources of the Federal Tax Service, ensuring comparability of data on municipalities and subjects of the Russian Federation. In order to transform municipalities into real subjects of spatial development, it is necessary to study, within the framework of the upcoming reform of local self- government, the issues of differentiation of the powers of local self-government bodies of municipalities of different population and type, the expansion of the powers of local authorities, especially large and largest cities, as well as issues of management and strategic planning in urban agglomerations. As part of the development of measures of state support for the development of rural areas and small towns, the author suggests paying special attention to the issues of motorization of the population.


Abstract Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) form symbiotic relationships with roots of blueberry plants providing increased access to nutrients from fertilizers and soil. A survey of commercial nursery plants produced from tissue culture and cuttings was conducted to determine when or if EMF colonize blueberry plants under nursery cultural methods. Although there were cultivar-specific differences, in general, colonization frequency (the percentage of plants colonized) and intensity (the percentage of root length with EMF) increased during the first growing cycle for both plants produced from tissue culture or cuttings. For most cultivars, colonization frequency and intensity increased over the first winter, but decreased after transplanting into either containers or bareroot production beds. Colonization at all phases of production was generally low, however, plants transplanted into bareroot production beds generally had higher colonization than plants transplanted into containers. Our results suggest that the colonization of plants in containers and bareroot fields may be limited by environmental and cultural factors and not just the presence or absence of the correct fungi. Natural EMF colonization of blueberry plants in nurseries may be limited by nursery cultural conditions, low availability of EMF propagules, and aspects of plant-fungus specificity.


Biochar(BC) applic ation has bee n suggested as an effective means of abating climate change by sequestering carbon.In this study,a 3-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar on soil organic carbon(SOC) cycling. BC was applied as a basal soil amendment in 2009 at the rates of 0, 10, 20 and 40 t hm-2, and soil total organic carbon(TOC), dissolved organic carbon(DOC), readily oxidizable organic carbon(ROC),particulate organic carbon(POC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)were monitored in 2012.BC applications significantly increased SOC storage by 9.15 ~ 15.49%, and TOC, ROC, POC and MBC were also increased by 12.75 ~23.36%, 12.60 ~ 28.00%, 10.88 ~ 34.00%,7.97 ~ 12.35% by BC application, respectively. The results suggested biochar-sourced organic carbon could be steadily maintained in soils for long run(3 years at least). TOC was very significantly correlated with ROC and MBC, while there was a very significantly correlated between ROC and POC,MBC, which were related to the capabilities of BC to improve soil structure and promote crop growth. Thus, BC application is a continuous effective measure to improve organic carbon storage and the contents of soil active organic carbon of paddy soil.


Unions, private equity practitioners and policy-makers are all concerned with the effect that private equity finance and LBOs (Leveraged Buyouts) have on employment. Unions are concerned with job destruction whilst practitioners argue they create jobs. Using a panel of 533 LBOs observed over the 1993-2004 period we find evidence that both private equity financed and non-private equity financed LBOs have higher levels of employment pre- and post-buyout when LBOs are exogenously determined, but they do not have significantly different levels of employment compared with non-LBOs when allowing for LBO endogeneity. The results: (1) demonstrate the importance of allowing for LBO endogeneity; (2) are not consistent with LBOs and private equity either creating or destroying jobs.


Studies and tests were carried out on pulverized slag in concrete to investigate the influence of pulverized slag on various performances of concrete and its strengthening mechanism. The results of the studies and tests show that, after the pulverized slag was added in the concrete mixture, the consistency of cement and high efficiency water reducing agent was significantly improved, thus increasing the flowability of concrete, and both the strength and durability of concrete were also greatly improved.


In the last 25 years there were several reports on quantum-optics-like experiments that were performed with electrons.The progress is this young field of research brought up original techniques to trap, displace and manipulate electrons in solid-state devices.These advances opened up new prospects to study fascinating quantum mechanical phenomena such as tunneling or entanglement with electrons.Due to the controllability that is demanded in possible implementations of quantum logic circuits, it is now a particularly appealing idea to perform electron quantum optics experiments with single flying electrons.In this thesis we address two related, but conceptually different, electron-quantum-optics experiments at the single-particle level.All of the experiments that were conducted in the course of this thesis were performed at cryogenic temperatures with Schottky-gate defined devices in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures.In a first experiment, we perform a Mach--Zehnder type electron interference experiment in the ballistic transport regime.Forming a large quantum dot in one of the interferometer branches, we study the phase shift in the wave function of a resonantly transmitted electron.In the course of our experimental investigations, we find signatures of a transmission behaviour which reflect the internal symmetries of the quantum dot eigenstates.Our measurements shed light on the long-standing question about a universal transmission phase behaviour in large quantum dots.We thus set an important milestone towards a comprehensive understanding of resonant transmission of single flying electrons through quantum dots.In a second experiment, we go beyond the ballistic transport regime.We employ surface acoustic waves to transport a single electron between surface-gate defined quantum dots of a tunnel-coupled circuit of transport channels.In this course, we develop two essential building blocks to partition and couple single flying electrons in such a sound-driven circuit.By exceeding a single-shot transfer efficiency of 99 %, we show that a sound-driven quantum electronic circuit is feasible on a large scale.Our results pave the way for the implementation of quantum logic operations with flying electron qubits that are surfing on a sound wave.


This study aims to examine the impact of ownership structure and firm size on firm performance through the capital structure as an intervening variable. This study uses a path analysis model. Samples in this study were 36 infrastructure, utilities, and transportation sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The main finding in this study is that there is an indirect relationship between company size and performance through capital structure. Ownership structure and size were found to have a negative effect on capital structure. Ownership structure has no effect on performance, size has a negative effect on performance and capital structure has a positive effect on company performance.


The article analyses the reasons for the group company implementing centralized management,explains the content of the centralized management of fund of group company,points out the problems of centralized management of fund at present,proposes the tentative plans.


In order to shorten the period of new product design, reconstruction is made in the process of new bit development by using the concept of parallel engineering, a new single-cone bit 4-5/8YA537 is developed with the parallel engineering, by which the purpose of parallel of product design, process design and part of machining and manufacturing tasks are reached.


As the tertiary sector internationally is being asked to be accountable for its research outputs, those who teach in the VET sector are faced with the pressures of meeting not only the demands of tertiary teaching and tertiary level research activity but also the requirements that they are engaged in partnership activity that is appropriate to their business, industrial or commercial area. An additional factor is that many who work in the VET sector have first developed credibility and excellence in a first career in their area prior to entering a second career as a teacher at a tertiary level. This paper details the results of a major research study of the impact of change on a VET institution in New Zealand. Faced with an openly competitive situation in the early 1990's, the institution introduced its own degree programmes. This brought a requirement that those teaching the programme be engaged with research. The stages through which the institution attempted to introduce an academic research culture are described and the impact on its credibility and performance analysed. Not only did staff have to engage in research activity, they also had to consider the relevance of what they did to their mission of delivering quality vocational and applied education. At the same time, the credibility of the institution with its community of practice was a source of tension as the institutions worked to meet the demands of research and at the same time reflect their commitment to their profession. After a decade of dedicated effort on the part of the institution, the New Zealand government, following closely in the footsteps of other governments, introduced the Performance Based Research Fund that placed the institution firmly at the bottom of the "league table of tertiary research". The paper concludes by outlining the reaction of other VET institutions that stayed outside this process to their seeming advantage.


The diploma work deals with usability evaluation Geographic Information Systems. The aim of this work is creating and testing effective process of usability evaluation web GIS. The dilemma of GIS that are tested in the work is described in introductory chapter. Further the work deals with usability, basic terms and usability principles are mentioned. The dilemma of testing is described in next chapter where is except testing in general described usability testing as well. The last chapter includes applied part in which process of effective usability evaluation is proposed and used methods are compared.


The paper is devoted to the psychological and pedagogical analysis of students' socialization experience in higher school. The necessity of developing students' introspective competency in higher school in order to perform the socialization process at the stage of personal professional formation is proved in the paper. Some pedagogical conditions for the organization of the educational process at a university, based on the introspective approach, are specified.


Counting and locating active wells is deemed important while implementing rural development projects involving irrigation. Irrigation needs to be planned more thoroughly as it is a quite expensive thing to do. Government institutions like NBSS & LUP manually detect the wells on Google Earth Pro, which is a quite cumbersome process. This paper aims to present an overview of a project developed to introduce an element of automation to this hectic procedure and explores the open source library Scikitimage which is an image processing and image recognition library that implements the basic image manipulation and processing using the core scientific modules NumPy and SciPy. Keywords— well counting, object detection, automation, irrigation planning, rural development, Scikit-image.


This paper provided the ideas and thoughts of the project teaching to enhance the practical ability of students.A series of reform measures were proposed from the curriculum,teaching methods,examination ways.As a starting point to product design,knowledge of traditional academic system was conversed into seven teaching projects,which be regarded as carriers to design the content of the course,establish the organic connection between knowledge,skill,and professional ability.The teaching reform improves the rate of certificate for vocational qualification,and the employment rate,and student project design capacity.


(57) Abstract: Enhanced geometry and chemical comprising nanostructures layer having a balance (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) characteristics, improved transparent optical member, preferably formed of a glass plate on the surface it can. Its geometry and chemical properties of the layer wettability is improved combination. The layers can be produced by forming a layer containing silicon oxide coating, a silicon carbide coating, a silicon compound coating such as silicon nitride coating or a mixture thereof. The coating may have a thickness of about 1 to 100 nm (10 The layers from the irregular or regular array of structures has a preferred roughness. It said layer is a divalent, may be doped with trivalent or polyvalent metal compound. Such coatings have been found to detergency is improved, such coatings have been found to bind preferentially to the aqueous solution applied to the glass. Its hydrophilic and preferential binding to an aqueous solution (wettability) tend to remove dirt deposited or contacts the glass surface. As a result, the glass tends to close contact with the aqueous solution tends to separate the dirt upon contact with an aqueous solution, substantially increases the water, the ease of cleaning of the glass surfaces using such aqueous cleaning solution to.


The present study was carried out to ascertain the genetic status of soybean and maize crops introduced in Algeria and to test local and imported products containing maize and soybean for the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMO into the food and feed chain). Samples from crops and processed food products were selected, randomly sampled and screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (P35S CaMV) and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase (nos) terminator, commonly found in transgene cassettes. Results showed that GMOs were absent in all crop samples, but present in 29 food and feed samples. These analyses are discussed for the efficiency of the Algerian regulation and the absence of labelling and traceability mechanisms within the country.

 Key words: Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), detection, maize, soybean, seeds, food and feed products.


This paper has touched one of the most critical area affected due to pandemic situation created by the COVID-19 and its powerful spillover effect on education sector by customizing education pedagogy. Earlier researchers have studied online education separately, whereas this paper discussed the natural transition and systematic review of upsurge of e-learning. The objective of this paper is to make the systematic review of COVID spillover and transition towards e-learning education pedagogy through theoretical framework. The study makes systematic review of switchover towards e-learning and spillover effect of COVID-19 and customization of the education pedagogy. In this study, past literature has been utilized to make critical analysis of spillover effect of COVID-19 and impact on education pedagogy by creation of prepositions. The findings of the study reveal that in the exceptional circumstances of COVID-19, e-learning transition has taken place from conventional to e-learning modules. All over the world, countries have shifted towards online education by schooling out but classes in campaign ignited by Chinese government. The same has also been replicated in other countries of the world during COVID-19.


Objectives: The purpose of this randomized study is to compare the effects of esmolol and lidocaine in the control of hemodynamic response caused by endotracheal intubation. Methods: In this study, 40 patients with ASA I-II physical status and between the ages of 19 and 76 were included and randomly divided into two groups. In the Group E (n = 20), iv bolus injection of 1.5 mg/kg esmolol, in the Group L (n = 20), iv bolus injection of 1.5 mg/kg 2% lidocaine were given with iv bolus injection in 30 seconds. All patients received the same anesthetic technique. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate measurements were done at specified times and recorded. Re cords were assessed by an anesthesiologist blinded to which drug is applied. Results: There was no difference between the groups in demographic data (p>0.05). In both groups, with the implementation of the study drug, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure decreased compared to controls, this reduction was lower in Group E than Group L. In Group L, SBP values of 1.5 and 7 minutes were higher than Group E (p <0.05). In Group L, DBP and MBP values of 1.5 and 3.5 minutes were higher than Group E (p <0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, 1.5 mg/kg esmolol or 1.5 mg/ kg lidocaine administered prior to induction were not superior to each other regarding suppression of hemodynamic responses to intubation. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (1): 20-27


consider; methods of treatment that most readily suggest themselves, such as the septic tank system, are commonly impracticable by reason of the scattered dwellings, making the area to be dealt witli relatively a wide one ; moreover, the rent of a large proportion of the houses is usually so -:-;mall that a rate adequate to meet the expenses of a comprehensive sewer scheme is impossible. Hence it is that the privy or cesspit appears to be accepted, or at any rate tolerated, as being the only practically workable alternative, and to make the best of what is a bad job. Local by-laws deal with their construction and their position at some length and in considerable detail. My own long experience of village closets, both before and since the establishing of parish and rural councils, makes it abundantly evident that in spite of these regulations the pr ivy and cesspit are still what they ever have been, an exceedingly nasty and dangerous expedient in place of .something better. Happily there are fewer of them than there were, but notwithstanding improvements we know that in all directions there are large and small houses and village communities still with what is by courtesy called closet .accommodation that is in all probability little changed and not at all improved since Anglo-Saxon times. The dry-earth system has been proposed to meet the difficulty of such positions outside a drainage area, and in order that we may tlie better understand all that is claimed for the system by its promoters, I give


At present, extended reach wells (ERWs) are widely applied on oil and gas exploitation in numerous reservoirs around the globe, and this is attributed to their superiority in the development of marginal oil and gas fields and cost-effectiveness. Identifying the effects of reservoir properties on production is significant to the operation of ERWs for oil and gas extraction. This work utilizes numerical modeling techniques to simulate the application of ERWs in low-permeability formations. The impacts of low permeability on the oil production and the pressure distribution of the reservoirs with different formation properties are analyzed, and the simulation results of the oil exploitation by ERWs are compared with the oil production and pressure distribution of that by horizontal wells (HWs). A test scheme is designed to analyze the effect of reservoir properties on oil extraction through ERWs and quantify the sensitivity of oil production to reservoir properties. The reservoir properties of formation rock compressibility, formation fluid compressibility, initial reservoir pressure, reservoir saturation pressure, formation porosity, and absolute permeability are studied through 66 ERW cases. The results illustrate that low permeability leads to a fast decrease of oil production rates and significantly uneven pressure distribution. The pressure is lower at the center of the ERW but is higher at both ends of the ERW, while the pressure is evenly distributed along the horizontal well in the HW cases. In addition, the oil production is in direct proportion with the initial reservoir pressure, formation rock compressibility, formation porosity, and formation fluid compressibility but is in an inverse ratio with the reservoir saturation pressure. Furthermore, the initial reservoir pressure has the largest impact on both the total cumulative oil production driven out by natural energy and the cumulative oil production after the development of ten years by natural energy; on the contrary, the absolute permeability has no effect on the total cumulative oil production driven out by natural energy.


CA Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of T€ ubingen, T€ ubingen, Germany Department of Medicine, Epilepsy Research Centre, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia Florey Institute of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA Department of Neuropediatrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Department of Neuropediatrics, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany


In this paper we consider the different kinds of kurtosis measures. We compare them for symmetric-scale distribution functions. We show the disadvantages of kurtosis measures then by introducing a kurtosis measure we modify the kurtosis measures. Finally we discuss the properties of introduced measure.


This thesis investigates organizational complexity, i.e. the dynamic behavior that emerges from the interaction of distinct parts of an organization. In particular, it examines structural complexity, i.e. how organizations organize themselves as well as process complexity , i.e. how they carry out work. In this extended abstract, we focus on the dissertation's contributions to business process complexity that has been conceptualized as the different ways to enact an organizational process. Bridging different streams of Business Process Management (BPM) research, we develop and apply process mining techniques to investigate how business processes complexity changes over time. This thesis offers several contributions to BPM and related fields. First, we discuss how process mining can be used to research organizational processes with digital trace data. Second, we apply process mining techniques to examine how the complexity of organizational processes develops over time. Third, we develop a graph-based measure to operationalize complexity captured in log data. We show that log complexity significantly influences the quality of process models derived with state-of-the-art process discovery techniques.


【Objective】To have a good knowledge of the infection of bovine tuberculosis and its causes in order to gradually control the tuberculosis rate including human being's and help cow industry go into a continuous and healthy development.【Method】"Purification of cattle tuberculin skin allergy" method was used to monitor the tuberculosis of cattle in those areas around Urumqi in the second half of 2010.【Result】The result shows: among the 1,052 cattle detected,five heads of cattle showed positive tuberculosis signs.The rate is 0.47%.【Conclusion】Bovine tuberculosis occurred sporadically,and the quarantine and culling work should be done well.


In this paper a buffer-constrained rate control (RC) algorithm for High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) with hierarchical group of pictures structures is proposed. Specifically, a quantization parameter (QP) cascading approach, which the QP value is increased from one temporal layer to the next, is employed to achieve high coding efficiency while maintaining the buffer fullness at secure levels. When compared to the current state-of-the-art RC algorithm, the experimental results show that our proposal achieves a slightly better rate-distortion performance and a remarkably better buffer control with an acceptable increase in computational complexity.


A model of nonlocal transport for multidimensional radiation magnetohydrodynamics codes is presented. In laser produced plasmas, it is now believed that the heat transport can be strongly modified by the nonlocal nature of the electron conduction. Other mechanisms, such as self-generated magnetic fields, may also affect the heat transport. The model described in this work, based on simplified Fokker-Planck equations aims at extending the model of G. Schurtz, Ph. Nicolai, and M. Busquet [Phys. Plasmas 7, 4238 (2000)] to magnetized plasmas. A complete system of nonlocal equations is derived from kinetic equations with self-consistent electric and magnetic fields. These equations are analyzed and simplified in order to be implemented into large laser fusion codes and coupled to other relevant physics. The model is applied to two laser configurations that demonstrate the main features of the model and point out the nonlocal Righi-Leduc effect in a multidimensional case.


Evaporation recovery is the main treatment of wastewater containing excessive amount of sodium sulfate produced by chemical and metallurgical process.In this paper,it discussed the corrosion of materials in the treatment of wastewater containing sodium sulfate and hydroxybenzene from coking and chemistry plants and proposed the vital places the corrosion occurred at and the solution.


In this paper two notions of simultaneously controlled and conditioned invariances for a family of linear omega-periodic discrete-time systems are studied. Further, relationships between those two invariances and generalized controlled and conditioned invariances are also given, respectively. Finally, necessary and sufficient conditions for the parameter insensitive disturbance-rejection problems with state feedback, with dynamic output feedback and with static output feedback to be solvable are investigated.


Hydrothermal effects of straw pulp film was researched to clarify its practical effects on growth conditions of Hordeum vulgare,comparison with CK in the winter.The results showed that the average soil temperature of 0-5 cm layer in the treatment of straw pulp film,which was-0.10 ℃,was higher than the CK(-0.67 ℃),and no significant difference among them,but water content was significantly induced (n=3,p0.05) compared with CK.At the same time,the value of SPAD,the average width of leaves and average stem diameter also were higher than that of CK,so seedlings formed a more sturdy,dark and green leaves,the plants were growing well,and light intensity in the surface of soil was lower than that of CK. And PPC(Projection Pursuit Classification) model based on RAGA(Real coding based Accelerating Genetic Algorithm) was applied to evaluated the hydrothermal effects and growth conditions of Hordeum vulgare,the projection values(2.5273) was got in the treatment of straw pulp film,which was obviously higher than that of CK(1.3691).So the application of straw pulp film could improved hydrothermal conditions and promoted the growth of seedlings.


As an integral process,the popularization of Marxism is composed by different parts. How to adopt a scientific system theory is a key part of it. Improvements should be made in the aspects of working mechanism,propaganda mechanism and input mechanism.


Abstract: Millions of people in India have traditional skills and knowledge in the production and production of handicrafts. The Indian handicrafts industry is decentralized and highly labor- intensive. After textiles and agriculture, it offers the most employment opportunities. The industry has contributed significantly to the country's economy, but it has not yet received the recognition it deserves. Craftsman's are exclusively reliant upon center individual for the selling of the items. This results in a one- dimensional strategy that fails to showcase the proud artisans' skills and reduces profits. Internet marketing has the potential to effectively address the issue facing artisans to our advantage.


The importance of high-frequency (HF) radar net-work has been widely recognized. This paper introduces deployment and operation of a distributed HF radar network in the Taiwan Strait to measure ocean surface currents. The HF radar network, which was built in the end of 2016 and in the beginning of 2017, consisted of one ship-mounted, and two shore-based HF radars. Monostatic or bistatic configuration can be implemented along this network by means of co-location or separation of the transmit and receive radar stations. In addition, the data processing of radar system is introduced. What's more, range-Doppler spectra for three radar sites are exhibited, as the foundation of the extraction of radial and elliptical currents.


An overview is given of a design system called HIFI, for hierarchical interactive integration. It is a design system for VLSI that allows hierarchical refinement of pipelined signal (equivalently data) flowgraphs, until an architecture is obtained that can be realized in hardware. It is based on an extended definition of a signal flowgraph in which a CSP-like communication model is utilized on functional nodes. The model is chosen so that any deterministic system can be described by it and so that it can be decomposed or reassembled hierarchically in a consistent manner. Type-decomposition of edges is allowed as well. A prototype of the system has been implemented using Smalltalk. A number of examples have been worked out, of which one, a system for transitive closure, is presented.<<ETX>>


We used both intracellular and field potential recordings to study the effects of phenytoin (20 to 40 μg per milliliter) on CA3 and CA1 neurons of guinea pig hippocampal slices, with or without exposure to the convulsant sodium penicillin G. Phenytoin did not change resting membrane potential, input resistance, action potential amplitude or duration, or the threshold intensity for activating action potentials or bursts with intracellular current pulses. Suppression of penicillin-induced bursting was associated with an increased threshold for orthodromically activating neurons. The intrinsic bursting mechanisms of the cells remained intact. Phenytoin seemed to suppress penicillin-induced epileptiform activity by decreasing synaptic transmission.


[Abstract]: Indonesia decentralized its education system in January 2001 requiring all schools to become self managing at their local level. Training was put in place to assist schools with tasks that would facilitate this process such as writing School Development Plans and establishing the newly mandated School Committees. However no specific plans emerged to provide schools with training in educational leadership. Understanding
and practising leadership goes hand in hand with understanding the nuances of decentralization. A different style of leadership is required to make sense of decentralization, a style of leadership that does not rely upon top-down authority but instead shares leadership across the school community and encourages leadership to emanate from below. In 2004 a leadership training project was undertaken in three rural school communities in Central Lombok. Its purpose was to consider the emergence of new leadership practices when schools are given the opportunity to be involved in leadership training across a six month period. The leadership training project was attached to a current Aid project to gauge the appropriateness of including a leadership training program in future Aid projects. Within Indonesia Aid projects from a range of international donors are a frequent source of enhancing physical and teaching and learning environments in schools. The leadership training project commenced with a two day live in workshop followed by six months in-school experience, which involved school and individual projects to practise leadership. The design included six-weekly site visits and all participants maintained a weekly reflective journal. The data collected was presented in the form of case studies of each of the three schools, which were subsequently used to inform a Report presented to
the Indonesian Ministry of National Education. Findings presented in this Report affirm that a leadership training program of this nature does provide a valuable way forward through training in school leadership practices that allow school communities to effectively work within a school based management environment. This Report recommended that the trialled leadership training program would be a valuable inclusion in future educational AID projects throughout Indonesia.
ii


Objective To observe the rat's myocardial ultrastructures after perfused by cardioplegia in 3 different temperatures.Methods The animals were divided into 4 groups: control group, 4℃group, 15℃ group and 30℃group. And the electron microscope was used to observe the structures of the samples. Results The myocardial protection was better in 30℃ group than in 15℃ group, while the worst effect was in 4℃ group. And there were endoplasmatic reticulum enlargement and the myofibril contracture in the 4℃ group.Conclusion The warm cardioplegia might be a better choice than the cold one.


At harvest the total macronutrient content of the whole crop (vines and fruit) averages approximately 200, 40, and 320 lb N, P, and K, respectively. A ton of fruit typically contains 3-4 lb N, 0.3-0.5 lb P, and 4-6 lb K. Nitrogen management Dozens of field trials in California have shown that conventionally-irrigated processing tomatoes generally require no more than 100-150 lb of fertilizer N/acre to achieve maximum yield; the remaining N comes from residual soil NO3-N and soil organic N that is mineralized (made available) during the season. Since tomato is a moderately deep-rooted crop, NO3-N leaching loss during the season is seldom large. In a study of 10 processing tomato fields, Krusekopf et al (2002) found that the residual soil NO3-N prior to sidedressing averaged approximately 100 lb/acre in the top 2 feet, but varied among fields from 30-200 lb/acre. A fruit yield response to sidedress fertilization was observed in only 4 of the 10 fields. They concluded


A process for the preparation of a nitroxyl ether sterically hindered of formula (I) or (II) ** (See formula) ** wherein N4-amine is n is a number from 1 to 10 and R1 is C1-C5 alkyl; including in the case of nitroxyl sterically hindered ether of formula (I) the steps of a) reacting a compound of formula (Ia) with n-hexylaldehyde, n-pentylaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, n-propylaldehyde or acetaldehyde and a peroxide hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst; or b1) reacting a compound of formula (Ib) ** (See formula) with n-hexylaldehyde **, n-pentylaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, n-propylaldehyde or acetaldehyde or a mixture of said aldehydes with their respective alcohols and hydrogen peroxide in presence of a metal catalyst to produce a compound of formula (Ic) ** (See formula) ** also it reacts to form a compound of formula (I); It comprising in the case of sterically hindered nitroxyl ether of formula (II) a) reacting a compound of formula (IIa) or (IIb) ** (See formula) ** with a compound of formula (100) or (200 ) ** (See formula) ** and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a metal catalyst to produce a compound of formula (IIc), (IId), (IIe) or (IIf) ** (See formula) ** that further reacted to form a compound of formula (II).


Optical wireless communication (OWC) has been a rapidly growing research area in recent years. Applying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), particularly large-scale MIMO, into OWC is very promising to substantially increase spectrum efficiency. However, one challenging problem to realize such an attractive goal is the practical signal detection algorithm for optical MIMO systems, whereby the linear signal detection algorithm like minimum mean square error (MMSE) can achieve satisfying performance but involves complicated matrix inversion of large size. In this paper, we first prove a special property that the filtering matrix of the linear MMSE algorithm is symmetric positive definite for indoor optical MIMO systems. Based on this property, a low-complexity signal detection algorithm based on the successive overrelaxation (SOR) method is proposed to reduce the overall complexity by one order of magnitude with a negligible performance loss. The performance guarantee of the proposed SOR-based algorithm is analyzed from the following three aspects. First, we prove that the SOR-based algorithm is convergent for indoor large-scale optical MIMO systems. Second, we prove that the SOR-based algorithm with the optimal relaxation parameter can achieve a faster convergence rate than the recently proposed Neumann-based algorithm. Finally, a simple quantified relaxation parameter, which is independent of the receiver location and signal-to-noise ratio, is proposed to guarantee the performance of the SOR-based algorithm in practice. Simulation results verify that the proposed SOR-based algorithm can achieve the exact performance of the classical MMSE algorithm with a small number of iterations.


Empirical polarity parameters are recommended as useful characteristics for describing the internal and external surface properties of various solid materials, e. g. synthetic polymers, native polymers, inorganic oxides, sol-gel hybrids, and composites. The polarity properties of a macromolecule have been expressed by three independent terms: the α value (the hydrogen bond donating, HBD, capacity or acidity), the β value (the hydrogen bond accepting, HBA, capacity or basicity), and the π * value (the dipolarity/polarizability). These terms can be defined using the Kamlet-Taft solvents parameter set as the reference system A complex property, XYZ, of a macromolecular material under study, with reference to a standard system (XYZ) 0 (i.e. gas phase or a nonpolar polymer), can then be described by a simplified Kamlet-Taft LSE (linear solvation energy) equation: XYZ = (XYZ) 0 + sπ * + aα + bβ. a, b, and s are coefficients reflecting the susceptibility of the polarity terms upon XYZ. Empirical solvatochromic polarity parameters [α,β,π * ,E T (30] for synthetic polymers, copolymers, native polymers, inorganic oxidic materials, functionalized silica particles, hybrids, and composite materials have been determined by means of the following solvatochromic probe dyes: 2,6-diphenyl-(2,4,6-triphenyl-1-pyridinio)-4-phenolate (1a), Michler's ketone (2), dicyano-bis(1,10-phenanthrolin)irion II (3), and a novel aminobenzodifuranon dye (7). The solvatochromic band shifts of these indicators correlate precisely with the Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters α, β, and π * . The results are compared with each other, with related solvent model compounds, and literature values. The relation of the well established E T (30) solvent polarity scale to the Kamlet-Taft parameters α and π * of solid materials is demonstrated. Hence, a general polarity scale for solid materials is suggested.


Polydiacetylene (2) of varying molecular weight has been formed by UV- or 60Co γ-irradiation of the diacetylene PhCH2CO2(CH2)9-CCCC(CH2)9O2CCH2Ph (3), with conversion of 30−>95%. Samples of (2) with differing physical properties have been studied, in the bulk phase, by CPMAS 13C NMR and VIS/UV spectroscopy and by DSC; complementary spectroscopic data on solutions of (2), including fluorescence studies, are also reported. Spectroscopic studies support the presence of an extended planar conjugated backbone in 'as polymerised' blue–black samples of (2), from which various forms of red-coloured polymer, with shorter conjugation lengths, can be obtained. Studies of the thermal behaviour indicate the existence of several differing thermal transitions for these materials and the results are discussed.


We obtain probabilities of moderate deviations for i.i.d. sequences taking values in a separable Banach space under precise necessary and sufficient conditions. The results obtained are new even on the real line.


Lithium metal batteries are the promising candidates for meeting the increasing demand of next-generation energy storage devices with high energy density, however, the problems of lithium dendrite and unstable solid...


The general accepted and likely most important route of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) transmission is fecal–orally. Programs controlling this route were only partially successful so presence of unknown, therefore uncontrolled routes has been suggested. As a candidate aspiration of infective bioaerosols has been postulated as has been described for other bacteria. Bioaerosols are considered to be dust particles originating among other things from fecal material which become airborne by animal movement. A method to collect bioaerosols after they have settled was developed on an experimental farm with 100% MAP prevalence. Using liquid culture in combination with real-time PCR confirmation presence and viability of MAP was detected. This method was further validated on commercial dairy farms (


The cyclic structures of optical communication is characterized by fast protection,high utilization of resources,simpler configuration and algorithm,etc.,and is useful to realize the survivability technologies in optical network.The definition and the theorems of cycle are analyzed.Several survivability methods of the cyclic structures are presented.The issues that should be considered when we design the cyclic structures are introduced finally.


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In view of the complex structure of the fire control system, difficulty in obtaining fault information, and multiple fault characteristics. This paper proposes a fire control system fault diagnosis method based on genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network. For the problem of poor prediction accuracy of BP neural network in the operation process, and easy to fall into local extreme value. In order to obtain a better diagnosis effect, the principle of complementary advantages is used to combine genetic algorithm with BP neural network algorithm. The genetic algorithm is used to calculate the initial values of network parameters, optimize the initial weights and thresholds, and find the optimal number of hidden layer nodes. Combined with case analysis, the accuracy of this method is improved compared with traditional BP neural network in solving the problem of fire control system fault diagnosis. At the same time, it proves the effectiveness of the proposed method in fire control system fault diagnosis.


Every economic and finance institution which operates based on shariah principles have to apply the Islamic syariah values. This provision has been set by the government, either by means of act or other regulations. The further technical provision is made by Dewan Syariah Nasional- Majelis Ulama Indonesia (the National Shariah Council-Indonesia Ulama Assembly) as the guidance in the fieldwork. Asuransi Takaful Keluarga (Family Takaful Assurance) is one of assurance sectors that its operational is based on the shariah principles. The result of a study showed that the contractapplicationthat is done has fulfilled the principles and prerequirements of syariah contracts. The model of contract that is operated is standard contract by considering the syariah aspects. In addition, it also attends to the contract principles such as permition, usefulness, justice, and other principles. Not only that, the done contract also has attended as maximal as possible to the syariah business ethics, by avoiding the syariah prohibitions such as gambling, deception, and unclearness in the contracts.


he tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth which covered with mucosa. (1) Tiny papillae gives the tongue its rough texture. Thousands of taste buds cover the surfaces of the papillae. Taste buds are collections of nervelike cells that connect to nerves running into the brain. Tongue is the most accessible organ of the oral cavity. It participates in a wide variety of oromotor behaviors which include mastication, swallowing, and respiration. It lacks any internal bony skeleton and composed almost entirely of muscle. (2)


Abstract The antiphase domain boundary structures within several rapidly-solidified alloys based on Ni3Al have been examined both in the as-quenched state and after heat treatments. The domain boundary energy shows a mild anisotropy, as deduced from the shape of the domains. The degree of anisotropy increases with the equivalent aluminium content of the alloy. Slightly deformed materials contain superdislocation pairs whenever domain boundaries are absent and single dislocations wherever domain boundaries occur. The superdislocations lie predominantly on {100} planes where glide can also take place. Superdislocations dissociate into two separate single dislocations on meeting a domain boundary, leading to significant strengthening and improvement of ductility.


Responder deception jamming and high repetition rate jamming are two main methods of laser active jamming.In his paper,a circuit was designed,whose work mode can be either first pulse guidance or last pulse guidance.The circuit can verify the effectivity of this two methods and the anti-jamming effectivity of last pulse guidance.Guidance mode,width of time gate and guidance encode can be set online,dynamic range is 138.47dB and the maximal sampling and hold error is 0.24% when the gate time is typical value 20μs.


An adaptive grid-embedding technique is proposed here to simulate the complex flow fields induced by the interactions between supersonic jets and external flows. In regions where there are large variations in the flow parameters, a high-resolution TVD scheme is used to find the local flow field. In other regions, a conventional second-order scheme is used. A one-dimensional adaptive technique is developed for this purpose and applied to solve the multidimensional gas dynamics equations in conjuction with a Strang-type of discretizing scheme. As demonstrated, Euler equations for the interactions between supersonic jet and external flow field are solved


To evaluate the efficacy of test injection technique using a monitoring scan at knee level for 64-slice multidetector row computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography of the abdominal and lower extremity arteries. Methods: The test injection technique using low-dose serial CT scan at knee level was performed for 58 patients. Time elapsed from contrast material injection to peak enhancement for the popliteal arteries was applied to scan delay for CT angiography. 64-Slice MDCT angiography of the abdominal and lower extremity arteries obtained with a table speed of 137.5 mm/s was evaluated. Results: The time to peak enhancement was unavailable in 2 cases. CT angiographic images were of good quality in 54 cases, whereas prominent enhancement of abdominal veins was observed in 2 cases. Conclusions: The test injection using a monitoring scan at knee level was found to be useful for 64-slice MDCT angiography of the abdominal and lower extremity arteries.


The article presents a brief analysis of breeding and reproduction of woody plants both in Russia and abroad. Key development trends in this area are singled out; a hypothetical integral plan of breeding and reproduction is suggested; short-term promising trends of genetic breeding in forest management are introduced.


Summary.  Individuals with haemophilia are frequently infected with both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, limited evidence is currently available regarding the efficacy of HCV treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in this patient population. The aim of this study was to review HCV treatment outcomes in a cohort of patients with haemophilia and HIV/HCV co‐infection. A retrospective, single centre review of 13 consecutive patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin was performed. All patients were male with haemophilia A and a median age of 43 (range 27–62) at initiation of HCV therapy. Nine of 13 (69%) patients had genotype (gt1) 1 HCV (3 × gt3, 1 × gt4). Twelve of 13 (92%) were receiving ART, with a mean CD4+ count of 428 cells μL−1 (range 175–928 cells μL−1) at initiation of HCV therapy. Six of 11 (55%) patients achieved EVR (3 × gt1, 2 × gt3, 1 × gt4) at 12 weeks, 4/13 (31%) had EOTR (2 × gt1, 2 × gt3) and 1/13 (8%) achieved sustained virological response (1 × gt1). Seven of 11 (64%) patients normalized ALT during therapy wherein mean ALT fell from 101 to 76 U L−1. Only 1/13 (8%) patients discontinued therapy prematurely due to side effects. CD4+ cell counts and HIV viral load remained stable during HCV treatment, with a mean 437 cells μL−1 and <50 copies mL−1 at 48 weeks respectively. Patients in our cohort with haemophilia and HCV/HIV co‐infection responded poorly to HCV treatment. Alternative HCV treatment strategies need to be considered in patients with haemophilia and HIV/HCV co‐infection.


FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: according to invention, fuel element (FE) comprises pack (A) of bipolar and ion-exchange plates arranged as alternating, besides this pack (A) is pressed between two end plates (B and C). At the same time pack (A) comprises channels of fluid supply and return, required for FE operation, specified fluids contain at least one combustible gas, specified channels communicate with system of fluid control, comprising elements for control of certain operation parameters, elements for circulation of gases that were not spent by FE, and elements for removal of water generated by FE. Besides specified system comprises compounds for supply of gases into FE. At the same time system of fluid control is inbuilt at least partially inside one of end plates. EFFECT: reduced dimensions of fuel element. 22 cl, 16 dwg


Music is pervasive across human cultures and throughout times. Particularly, music is of great importance socially. Like many cultures' use of music, throat singing or xöömei, the most distinguished aspect of Tuva's music, contributes significantly to social communication, emotional expression, social bonding and religious rituals. Acknowledgment and consideration of current social cognitive findings of music may thus provide a better insight into the nature of throat singing. To date, evidence has indicated that, similar to language, music is a fundamental channel of communication, and these two constructs may have common origins in a single communicative system. Moreover, music may modulate neural activity in the brain structures associated with emotions and alter our autonomic responses. In addition to information sharing, music thus has the capacity to convey emotions. This ability may further render music a powerful mechanism to facilitate social bonding and ritual practice, as individuals' internal states during these social events become synchronized Shen-Mou Hsu National Taiwan University, Taiwan


The 1985 National Conference to review and revise the Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC) was held in Dallas in July 1985. Previous national conferences were held in 1966, 1973, and 1979. The objectives of the conference are defined elsewhere in these standards and guidelines. The emphasis of the conference was to examine the 1980 standards and guidelines with respect to the new science and/or clinical data and make recommendations based on these data. These standards and guidelines, which some have called the most important medical document ever published because of their content, distribution, and widespread acceptance, embody the recommendations of the 1985 national conference. Reprints of the 1974 and 1980 JAMA standards exceeded 5 million copies, and virtually all public and professional training in CPR and ECC has been guided by the outcome of these conferences and the subsequent publication of the standards


Ⅰ. Introduction 1
Ⅱ. Illnesses Associated with Alcohol: Literature Survey 5
Ⅲ. Methods for Estimating the Helath Risks & Socioeconomic Costs of Drinking 25
1. Estimating the Risk of Alcohol-Attributable Illnesses 27
2. Estimating the Socioeconomic Costs of Alcohol Consumption 31
Ⅳ. Results 39
1. Risks of Alcohol-Attributable Cancers 41
2. Risks of Alcohol-Attributable Cardiovascular Diseases 44
3. Risks of Other Alcohol-Attributable Illnesses 47
4. Socioeconomic Costs of Alcohol Consumption 48
5. Costs of Alcohol-Attributable Injuries & Suicides 57
V. Conclusion 63
Bibliography 67


ZnO nanorods with diameter of 30–200 nm were synthesized by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process in a hot-wall type chamber at elevated temperatures above 700 °C. At temperatures between 400 and 500 °C, ZnO thin films and wrinkles were synthesized. Above 500 °C, vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were grown on a Si and sapphire substrate without any catalysts. The range of diameter was 30–200 nm. When Au catalysts were deposited on the substrate prior to the deposition, nanocombs and nanosheets as well as nanorods were synthesized. In particylar, ZnO could be grown selectively along the pattern of the Au catalyst with the aid of a Au–Zn alloy.


The ability of lasers to weld polymers has been known for many years, but the level of acceptance of the process by industry lags far behind the acceptance of laser welding of metals. As with laser welding of metals, optimum joint performance is obtained when the joint configuration is designed for laser welding. Weld joint performance characteristics may include bond strength, leakage rate, process cycle time, part fit-up tolerances, and interface cracks or flash.We report results of a study on laser welding of polymers to optimize joint configuration and performance for a simple, but practical case of a cap on a tube. To compare the effects of material on weld performance, the experiments were performed using both acrylic and polyethylene components. Several cap geometries were designed and produced with a range of dimensional tolerances. Caps were then laser welded onto tubes with a range of process parameters: power, speed, spot size, focus location. The resulting parts were subject to a series of tests, including vacuum testing for leak rate, tensile pull testing for bond strength, and macro-sectioning.The ability of lasers to weld polymers has been known for many years, but the level of acceptance of the process by industry lags far behind the acceptance of laser welding of metals. As with laser welding of metals, optimum joint performance is obtained when the joint configuration is designed for laser welding. Weld joint performance characteristics may include bond strength, leakage rate, process cycle time, part fit-up tolerances, and interface cracks or flash.We report results of a study on laser welding of polymers to optimize joint configuration and performance for a simple, but practical case of a cap on a tube. To compare the effects of material on weld performance, the experiments were performed using both acrylic and polyethylene components. Several cap geometries were designed and produced with a range of dimensional tolerances. Caps were then laser welded onto tubes with a range of process parameters: power, speed, spot size, focus location. The resulting parts were subject to a series of tes...


An inductively coupled plasma ion source based micro machining system is being developed. The system parameters, in which mainly the source parameters like brightness, ion energy spread and source size, are optimized for increasing the efficiency of the system. Preliminary tests show 6 KeV Argon ion beam focused to 1.4 micron size with current density 600 mA/cm2. Possibilities of micro fabrication on silicon and copper target are explored. The paper describes inductively coupled plasma ion source based micro machining system, the preliminary results and challenges and benefits of using plasma generated ions for micro fabrication techniques.


The utility model relates to a system for producing uninterrupted chilled water. The system comprises a cooling tower, at least one cooling plate, a water chilling set, at least one refrigeration distributing unit and a fan. The system for producing the uninterrupted chilled water can provide the uninterrupted chilled water for a data cabinet in a data machine room, thereby cooling down the data cabinet; and meanwhile, the water system can be completely isolated, so that the required cooling capacity can be uninterruptedly supplied for the data cabinet safely and efficiently.


The article tests the argument that group–membership relations vary between public interest groups and other types of groups. While public interest groups draw their members from diffuse constituencies supporting the causes of the groups, sectional groups exhibit a closer correspondence between the interests advanced and the members recruited. According to the literature, differences can therefore be expected both in the patterns of membership recruitment and in the degree of membership influence in groups. The analysis draws on a survey of all national interest groups in Denmark. It demonstrates that public interest groups differ from other groups in their patterns of membership recruitment. However, it finds no tendency for public interest groups to be either less or more democratic than the average group.


A pore network model is proposed to simulate the complex process of in situ foam generation, destruction, and propagation as a drainage process. Motivated by the need to account for viscous flow ef...


| This article presents a rare case of rabies in an 11-year-old male Auraki breed donkey (Equus asinus) from Dawakin Tofa Town, Kano State, Nigeria. The donkey was said to have been bitten by a stray rabid dog. Twelve days after the bite, the animal started exhibiting signs of colic, restlessness, grunting sound, recumbency, biting its legs and rubbing around udderagainst objects. The donkey died 22 days following the bites by the rabies affected stray dog; despite the intervention. The head of the donkey was severed and sent to the National Reference Laboratory. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of virus particles in the doney's brain by the fluorescent antibody technique. For the other two donkeys attacked by the rabid donkey, no evidence of disease was observed upon examination. Rabies is a highly fatal viral infection affecting most mammalian species, including humans. This case further emphasises the importance of pre and post-exposure immunisation of dogs and the need for dog owners to vaccinate their dogs routinely against rabies so as to limit the risk of transmission to humans and other susceptible animals.


The French fishing industry is becoming increasingly environmentally aware and likely to adopt more sustainable fishing gears. As a result, fishers are showing a growing interest in sustainable fish pots. This experiment aimed to develop a fish pot concept specifically based on target species behavior in French coastal waters. First, the consultation led with fishers indicated the black seabream as the main species of interest. Then, the pot's characteristics were defined to comply with fishing regulations. The conception process of the pot was led step-by-step by gradually testing a pot design appropriated to black seabream's natural behavior. The approach and feeding behaviors of black seabream were described using underwater video combined to an ethogram. The experiment led to a prototype of fish pot, which provide fishers with an innovative fishing gear.


Study on new composite materials in engineering products with promising physical and mechanical properties has been considered as one of the fields of concern in recent decades. Strength, hardness and fatigue properties make engineering structural more flexible. They are extensively used in the aerospace industry, mechanical engineering applications and parts, electronic packaging, vehicle and aircraft structures, process industry equipment, as well as in biomedical equipment. Disposing of composite wastes however, are very difficult because of its structure and compositions. Hence, composite materials recycling has become one of the major measures of the future. This study seeks to analyse the present state of engineering plastics using natural fibers in their properties and manufacturing techniques. The effects of various chemical treatments on natural fibres' mechanical and thermal properties have been studied in strengthening thermosetting and thermoplastics composites. The mix ratio of polymer waste used from the industry sector with natural fiber is expected to rise in the future, thus issues regarding recycling need to be tackled. It concluded that chemically treated natural fibre improved the adhesion between fibre surface and polymer matrix, which gradually increased the properties of natural fibres incorporated composites.


The process of mixing is beside the unit processes mass transfer and solid/liquid separation the most important unit operation in wastewater treatment. Mixing is applied for equalization, neutralization and especially in larger activated sludge treatment plants with full nutrient removal for homogenization in anaerobic and anoxic tanks. In these applications the main mixing task is to keep all solids in suspension and to homogenize the tank contents. Whereas in smaller plants with a simple single tank configuration for the anoxic step this might the only decisive design criteria in larger plant other issues such as reactor behavior, hydraulic retention time, the prevention of backmixing and short circuiting play the dominant role. In these cases the reactor and the mixer design have to go hand in hand to reach the desired result. The paper at hand defines the demands on a mixing system for large wastewater treatment plants and presents and example for the design and arrangement of the anaerobic and anoxic stage of a very large wastewater treatment plant.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to describe the meaning of the experience of motherhood for three young mothers. Theparticipants were staying in a shelter for teenage mothers in the city of Sao Paulo . Five meetings were conducted witheach pair (mother and child), with the aim of understanding each mother's experience in relation to pregnancy andmotherhood, various forms of violence and the bond with their child. The contents found were related to ideaspresented by the psychoanalyst Donald W. Winnicott. In all three cases analyzed, we observed that motherhood hasa special meaning and is considered a sign of hope, according to Winnicott's concept of rediscovering a significantexperience of affection, upon which a genuine feeling of concern and commitment for the other can be grounded.However, if mothers are left to their own fate at this moment, there is a risk that experiences of neglect and violencemay be repeated. Keywords : Adolescent pregnancy; Psychoanalysis; Mother-child relation; Winnicott theory; Violence.


The 2-bundle large-section conductor of 1 000 mm2 in area is recommended to be applied in 500 kV double-circuit AC transmission lines according to a comprehensive technical and economical comparison based on the production and application of conductors in our country,and the present price level and power tariff.This type of conductor has many advantages over the conventional 4-bundle conductor type with the cross-section of 400 mm2 in reducing the weight and horizontal load of towers,mitigating conductor galloping and simplifying the design of fittings and insulator strings.Furthermore,it can substantially reduce the resistance losses of transmission lines to achieve the goal of energy saving,consumption reduction and environmental protection,which is of significance to the construction of resource-saving and environmental-friendly power grid systems.


For the first time, RTN measurement is utilized to measure the temperature (T) distribution along the channel, induced by Self-heating effect(SHE). The results have shown that the channel temperature of 14nm pFinFET is 170K higher than that of nFinFET as a result of the difficulty of heat dissipation in eSiGe S/D of pFinFET. This has been justified by a Spice built-in model to extract the necessary parameters. In nFinFET, although S/D series resistance (Rsd) dominates at room T, the channel resistance (Rc) is larger than Rsd at a higher T because of degradation of saturation velocity caused by SHE. On the other hand, in pFinFET, Rc dominates at low and high T, and Rsd becomes significant at high T because of embedded high thermal-resistance material, SiGe, in S/D. This has been justified by the mobility reduction due to the increment of phonon scattering induced by SHE. Finally, the impact of SHE on the shrinking of SRAM signal-to-noise ratio has been used as a benchmark test. New findings provide valuable information on the understanding of SHE-resistant design of future generation FinFET devices.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a graphical visualization of the electrical activity of the human heart that is recorded by placing a surface electrode at standardized position on a person's chest. ECG signals suffer from artifacts/noises due to baseline wander (BW), electrode artifacts, muscle artifacts, power-line interference and channel noises during acquisition and transmission of the ECG signals. Reduction of these artifacts is crucial for efficient diagnosis and interpretation of the human heart condition. In this paper, an effective adaptive noise canceller (ANC) based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-Jaya algorithm is proposed for denoising electrocardiogram. In this approach, intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) produced by EMD are used as reference and Jaya algorithm is used to calculate optimum weights of finite impulse response (FIR) filter. This scheme is compared with EMD, wavelet transform (WT) thresholding, and hybrid EMD-least mean square (LMS) approaches through extensive simulation on noise corrupted ECG besides verifying the robustness with real ECG signals. The performance of the proposed technique is assessed using standard metric signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with different contamination levels. The results obtained demonstrate the superiority of the hybrid when compared to other competing approaches.


Distribution systems, presently, are characterized by inadequate metering, un-coordinated control of equipment and frequent failure of major equipment mainly due to non availability of their loading information and other status. In this paper, the conventional system is renovated to get benefits of automated distribution network with the aid of distribution automation equipment. Retrofitting of the network is done by the placement of remotely operated sectionalizing switches, route switches, load break switches, current transformers and potential transformers. The necessary hardware and the man machine interface (MMI) is developed and presented in this paper. Experimental results are obtained by designing and testing the laboratory model.


Reflective thinking is the ability of a person to select the knowledge he has to solve the problem at hand, starting from analyzing the problem, evaluating, to concluding. This study aims to describe the reflective thinking skills of students of class VIII C SMP N 1 Pundong in solving mathematical problems in the subject matter of relations and functions. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study were 26 students taken using the purposive sampling method. The results of this study indicate that the percentage of achievement in the first indicator of reflective thinking describes a case based on mathematical concepts of 72.11%. The second indicator of reflective thinking to identify mathematical concepts or formulas involved in mathematical problems is 54.81%. The third indicator of reflective thinking draws an analogy from two similar cases of 24.04%. The fourth indicator of reflective thinking evaluates based on mathematical concepts was 38.46%. And the fifth indicator of reflective thinking makes conclusions using mathematical concepts by 42.31%. So that the average reflective thinking ability of students in class VIII C is 46.35% in the medium category.


The effect of different oxide particles on the microstructure and the high temperature creep behavior of ODS ternary L1{sub 2}-(Al,Cr){sub 3}Ti intermetallic compounds, which were prepared by high energy ball milling, was analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the development of the dispersoid size and distribution after the milling process, the consolidation and the heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the as-milled powders indicate that the ordered matrix can nearly be amorphized during milling. Moreover, independent of the type of oxide the dispersoids with a mean diameter {le}20 nm are homogeneously distributed in the metallic matrix. Using hot pressing under protective atmosphere the powders were compacted to nearly full density, followed by heat treatment. This results in grain sizes varying between 200 nanometers and several micrometers. However, due to the nature of the dispersoids used different particle diameters were found after consolidation and annealing. Although known to be the thermodynamically most stable oxide the initial Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} powder has formed a mixed yttrium-aluminum oxide during manufacturing and, hence, significant particle growth has been observed. While CeO{sub 2} shows a similar behavior, the line compound Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} remains stable, but the average particle sizemore » of this oxide also increases during the heat treatment. First preliminary mechanical tests supported by TEM observations show the significant influence of the grain size on the creep resistance at high temperatures.« less


OBJECTIVE
The function of traditional herbs in tropical illness therapy is interesting. Many researches are currently being conducted on the effects of traditional herbs on a number of tropical ailments, including dengue fever.

METHODS
In this short paper, we used network pharmacology to determine a shared biological pathway for the pharmacological impact of ginseng, a traditional Asian herb, and the pathophysiological process of dengue fever, a serious tropical vector-borne disease.

RESULTS
Using interrelationship analysis, the authors were able to discover the common pathway via the vimentin node.

CONCLUSION
It's possible that ginseng could help in dengue fever therapy.


We present a method to estimate the poorly understood mechanical coupling between lithosphere and underlying mantle, and apply it to the Eurasian plate. Mechanical equilibrium of tectonic plates requires the torque from mantle tractions (M) to be balanced by the torques from edge forces (E) and lithospheric body forces (B). The direction of E proves tightly constrained by plate boundary nature but B is affected uncertainties in the density structure of continents. We consistently find that the non‐zero torque required from mantle tractions does not agree with the orientation of any published absolute motion model. We conclude that mechanical balance of the Eurasian plate requires an actively convecting mantle, which should result in a torque on the Eurasian plate located in the southwest Pacific.


Background:Non-specific low back pain is defined as low back pain not attributable to a recognizable, known specific pathology. Low back pain became one of the biggest problems for public health systems in the western world during the second half of the 20th century, and now seems to be extending worldwide. The endurance of the back extensor muscles have been reported to be related to low back. Hamstrings tightness is one of the most common findings in patients with LBP. Controversy exists regarding the degree of association between these physical characteristics and LBP.