Binding of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) to platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) is essential for arterial thrombus formation. Establishing whether the VWF-GPIb interaction is supported by a catch bond (increasing adhesive strength with increasing tensile stress) or a slip bond (decreasing adhesive strength with increasing tensile stress) is a key to understanding the biomechanical regulation of platelet adhesion. To address this question, we perfused plasma-free blood cell suspensions over immobilized VWF A1 domain (VWFA1) at shear rates between 100 and 15,000 s −1 . Platelet adhesion was monitored by epifluorescence microscopy, using mepacrine-labeled platelets, or reflection interference contrast microscopy, which resolves the contact area between platelet membrane and adhesive surface without requiring labeling. The velocity of platelets rolling on the surface was measured as a reflection of the lifetime (off-rate) of the bonds supporting adhesion. We found a non-significant decrease in velocity at shear rate between 100 and 500 s −1 (from 6.48±0.29 to 6.31±0.25 μ m/s; p=0.27) followed by a gradual increase to 11.25±0.69 μ m/s that leveled off between 2000 and 3000 s −1 . The same results were obtained with VWFA1-coated polystyrene beads perfused with erythrocytes over immobilized GPIb. The initial drop in velocity was replaced by a significant increase (from 3.54±1.39 μ m/s at 100 s −1 to 6.62±0.66 μ m/s at 500 s −1 ; p μ m/s (p −1 . This may help explain previous data indicating a catch-bond behavior at lower shear rates (Yago et al, J Clin Invest, 118: 3195–3207, 2008). Instead, we conclude that VWF binding to GPIb transition from a slip to a catch bond, with enhancing adhesive strength, at shear rate above 3000 s −1 (B. de Laat is a Visiting Investigator from Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands).


Objective: To obtain recombinant human SDF-1β expressed in E. coli and purify SDF-1β with biological activity from the bacterium. Methods: A thioredoxin-SDF-1β fusion protein (26 × 103) composed of230 amino acid residues was expressed in E. coli AD494 (DE3)pLysS under the induction of IPTG when pET32a(+)-SDF-1β was used as an expression vector. Purified SDF-1β was produced through following procedures: Bacteria lysis, metal-chelated affinity chromatography (MAC), enterokinase digestion to separate SDF-1β from fusion protein, cation exchange chromatography (CEC) and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Western blot with anti-SDF-1β monoclonal antibody (mAb), N-terminal amino acid sequencing, ligand-binding assay and cytosensor/microphysiometry were used to investigate the biochemical characters and biological activities of the purified SDF-1β. Results: From 10% to 15% of total bacterium protein was expressed as fusion protein. Approximately 400μg purified SDF-1β (7. 8 × 103) consisting of 71 amino acid residues were produced from 1 L of fermented bacteria. Western blot showed that anti-SDF-1β mAb bound with the purified SDF-1β specifically. N-terminal amino acid sequencing indicates that N-terminus of purified SDF-1β possessed as the same amino acid sequence as nature one. Purified SDF-1β not only had the binding activity with CXCR4 expressing cells [Kd = ( 12.20± 2. 99) nmol/L ], but also activated CXCR4 expressing cell signaling specifically in a dose-dependence manner. Conclusion: The purified recombinant human SDF-1β produced with this method possesses biochemical characters and biological activities as same as those nature human SDF-1β.


The evolution of hydrogen-related defects introduced in the InP lattice due to the implantation and subsequent annealing is investigated as a function of the implantation temperature, that was varied from -15 °C to 230 °C. Implanted and annealed samples were analyzed by optical microscopy, SIMS and FTIR. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the formation of VInHx complexes that seems to be efficient H trapping centers, probably being the precursors of the fracture process in InP.


First-swing stability constrained emergency control (FSCEC) enhances power system transient stability during large disturbances, but is difficult to solve for larger systems because of its computational complexity. The method proposed in this work guarantees first swing transient stability by using a parallel reduced-space interior point method (IPM) with orthogonal collocation to solve FSCEC problems. This novel algorithm discretizes differential-algebraic equations using orthogonal collocation, which leads to a relatively low problem dimension, and accelerates the optimization process through a reduced-space technique by utilizing the property of small degrees of freedom after numerical discretization. Furthermore, a two-level parallelism is explored in reduced-space IPM (RIPM) algorithm and implemented with state-of-the-art parallelization techniques. The proposed approach was benchmarked on a Beowulf cluster with 64 CPU cores to show its excellent computational efficiency.


This invention concerns a isolated nucleic acid encoding a galanin receptor, a mammalian protein isolated RECEIVING galanin, vectors comprising an isolated nucleic acid encoding a galanin receptor mammalian cells comprising such vectors, antibodies directed against A galanin receptor mammalian nucleic acid probes USED TO dETECT A nUCLEIC aCID ENCODING gALANIN mammalian, oligonucleotides antisense SUPPLEMENTARY STREAMS unique nucleic acid encoding a galanin receptor mammalian transgenic nonhuman animals which express DNA encoding a galanin receptor mammalian normal or mutant, AND DETERMINATION PROCEDURES FOR LINKING COMPOUNDS mammalian galanin receptors.


The article introduces network planning techniques,analyzes the determination of each activity duration of PERT network planning project,summarizes the steps of analyzing risk by using Crystal Ball,makes a Excel model of the time parameters of each activity in a PERT network planning project.Based on that,it makes a model of analyzing duration risk for the project by using Crystal Ball,and analyzes the risk of the model,and then gets effective analysis results.


Displacement‐dependent dampers with relatively low post‐yielding stiffness exhibits abrupt stiffness loss and can even induce notable damage concentrations under strong vibrations. A lattice‐shaped friction unit (LSFU) composed of steel strips and friction discs is proposed and it can dissipate most input energy through translational friction and rotational friction and provide post‐yielding stiffness through the axial strength of vertical strips. Measurements of the friction coefficient and torque coefficient ratio and quasi‐static analysis of the LSFU are conducted, the results indicate that the ratio rises first and then drops to a constant value. Under cyclic loading, the two friction mechanisms could work together effectively and the contribution of each component contained in the restoring force could be controlled by adjusting design parameters of the LSFU; the assembly accuracy of the components affect the resistance of vertical strips. The experiment results of two specimens are compared with those obtained from the developed formulas and numerical simulations. A design procedure and applicable style are proposed. Nonlinear seismic response analysis results show that these devices can reduce the displacement response effectively under small and moderate earthquakes and can also prevent concentrated damage and weak‐story occurrence in the structure relative to friction‐damped brace frame in strong earthquakes.


Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-$\mathrm{C_3N_4}$) is considered as a promising candidate for energy materials. In this work, the biaxial strain (-4\%-4\%) effects on piezoelectric properties of g-$\mathrm{C_3N_4}$ monolayer are studied by density functional theory (DFT). It is found that the increasing strain can reduce the elastic coefficient $C_{11}$-$C_{12}$, and increases piezoelectric stress coefficient $e_{11}$, which lead to the enhanced piezoelectric strain coefficient $d_{11}$. Compared to unstrained one, strain of 4\% can raise the $d_{11}$ by about 330\%. From -4\% to 4\%, strain can induce the improved ionic contribution to $e_{11}$ of g-$\mathrm{C_3N_4}$, and almost unchanged electronic contribution, which is different from $\mathrm{MoS_2}$ monolayer (the enhanced electronic contribution and reduced ionic contribution). To prohibit current leakage, a piezoelectric material should be a semiconductor, and g-$\mathrm{C_3N_4}$ monolayer is always a semiconductor in considered strain range. Calculated results show that the gap increases from compressive strain to tensile one. At 4\% strain, the first and second valence bands cross, which has important effect on transition dipole moment (TDM). Our works provide a strategy to achieve enhanced piezoelectric effect of g-$\mathrm{C_3N_4}$ monolayer, which gives a useful guidence for developing efficient energy conversion devices.


Although each person is an individual with a different personality trait, they must act in unity. We need to live in solidarity with the consciousness of unity. While the consciousness of our children is pure, let's fulfill the duties of raising them with correct information instead of false information. Everyone involved in the educational process in the development of children needs to act consciously. We should live in a social unity, not apart from our family, neighbors, neighbourhoods, provinces, and country. Within the scope of this research, it is discussed how the neighborhood consciousness is reached in the cartoons that our children watch to spend time. How much space is given to the neighborhood consciousness, where the consciousness of social unity is widespread. How the neighborhood consciousness, where individuals live together and social relations are strong, is handled in cartoons. The cartoons broadcasted in TRTÇOCUK, our national cartoon channel, were examined. Among these cartoons, Pırıl, Aslan and Rafadan Tayfa cartoons, which were seen in accordance with the scope of the research, were selected. It has been examined how the social life in the union in the neighborhood is reflected.


Charles H. Shattuck has described the promptbooks of the Victorian stage manager G. C. Ellis as 'works of art' which recorded 'the stage art that was passing before him', in which 'a scholarly and artist-like stage manager is seen in the very act of transmitting the thinking of a scholar-actor of one age to a scholar-actor of the next.' This article will consider the professional skill and artistic imperative of the initial and continual adaptation of scripts by stage managers in order to transmit, translate and represent the thinking of authors and actor-managers within promptbooks, and the contribution of such practice to maintaining the commercial viability of nineteenth-century performance.


Klebsiella oxytoca naturally produces a large amount of 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BD), a promising chemical with wide industrial applications, along with various by‐products. Previously, we have developed a metabolically engineered K. oxytoca ΔldhA ΔpflB strain to reduce the formation of by‐products. To improve 2,3‐BD productivity and examine the stability of K. oxytoca ΔldhA ΔpflB strain for industrial application, a semi‐continuous two‐stage simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (STSSF) process was developed. The STSSF with the K. oxytoca ΔldhA ΔpflB mutant using cassava as a carbon source could produce 108 ± 3·73 g(2,3‐BD) l−1 with a yield of 0·45 g(2,3‐BD) g(glucose)−1 and a productivity of 3·00 g(2,3‐BD)l−1 h−1. No apparent changes in the final titre, yield and productivity of 2,3‐BD were observed for up to 20 cycles of STSSF. Also, microbial contamination and spontaneous mutation of the host strain with potential detrimental effects on fermentation efficiency did not occur during the whole fermentation period. These results strongly underpin that the K. oxytoca ΔldhA ΔpflB mutant is stable and that the STSSF process is commercially exploitable.


The gold-catalyzed intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of propargyl esters was achieved with good stereoselectivity. The "silver-free" condition was critical for this transformation, while only a trace amount of [2 + 2] products were formed in the presence of silver under otherwise identical conditions.


Research and development has been performed in support of the design of a future rare isotope beam facility in the US. An important aspect of plans for earlier RIA (Rare Isotope Accelerator) and a requirement of FRIB (Facility of Rare Isotope Beams) to be built at Michigan State University are the availability of so-called "stopped beams" for research that contributes to answering questions like how elements in the universe are created and to provide better insight into the nature of Fundamental Interactions. In order to create "stopped beams" techniques are required that transform fast rare isotopes beams as they are available directly after addresses questions like the origin of that will allow and High priority is given to the evaluation of intensity limitations and the efficiency of stopping of fast fragment beams in gas cells and to the exploration of options to increase the efficiency and the reduction of space charge effects. Systematic studies performed at MSU as part of the RIA R&D with a linear gas cell under conditions close to those expected at RIA and related simulations confirm that the efficiency of stopping and extracting ions decreases with increasing beam intensity. Similar results have also been observed atmore » RIKEN in Japan. These results indicate the concepts presently under study will not be able to cover the full range of intensities of fast beams expected at RIA without major losses. The development of a more robust concept is therefore critical to the RIA concept. Recent new beam simulation studies performed at the NSCL show that the stopping of heavy ions in a weakly focusing gas-filled magnetic field can overcome the intensity limitation of present systems while simultaneously providing a much faster ion extraction. We propose to design and build such a cyclotron gas stopper and to test it at the NSCL under conditions as close as possible to those found at RIA.« less


From a consideration of the temperature dependence of the Langevin function, thermally stimulated polarisation currents (TSPC) ought to exhibit a current reversal at temperature greater than the temperature of the TSPC maximum. The authors report measurements of TSPC and TSDC (depolarisation currents) in LiF:Mg2+ (TLD-100) in which the current reversal is clearly observed for the first time in alkali halides. The TSPC and TSDC signals arise from the orientation of Mg2+-Li+ vacancy dipoles, with an activation energy of 0.66 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 1014 s-1. By comparing the areas under the TSPC and TSDC curves, the value of the effective polarisation temperature in the TSDC measurement can be estimated.


A search for the superheavy element $Z=110$ and $A=294$ has been made using the Tandem accelerator as a highly sensitive mass spectrometer. The observed background leads to an upper limit on the presence of $^{294}110$ in a sample of placer platinum of 1 in ${10}^{11}$. This result implies that $^{294}110$ either has a lifetime less than about 2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{8}$ yr, or was not produced in the amounts predicted by Schramm and Fowler, or did not follow its homolog platinum in the geophysical and chemical processing of the material.


Objective To observe the variation of blood nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-кB),blood and urine thromboxane B2(TXB2),6-keto-PGF1α in children with frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) treated with Shenkangling decoction for tonifying kidney and activating blood,and discuss the pathogenesis of FRNS and the mechanism of Shenkangling decoction.Methods 60 children with FRNS from the outpatients and inpatients were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=30) and the controlgroup(n=30).The variation of blood NF-кB,blood and urine TXB2,6-keto-PGF1α,plasma cortisol,24 hours urine protein,serum total protein(TP),albumin(ALB),cholesterol(Ch) and triglyceride(TG) were observed in FRNS children before and after treatment.Results In the aspects of decreasing the activities of NF-кB,blood and urine TXB2,blood 6-keto-PGF1α,the ratio of TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1α in blood and urineand increasing the level of plasma cortisol,the treatment group is obviously superior to the control group(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusion The clinical situation and progression of FRNS children are related tothe further increase of the activity of NF-кB,the disequilibrium of the ratio of TXA2 and PGI2 and neuro-endocrine-immune(NEI) network,which led to the action of inflammatory-sclerotic media and the hyperco-agulable state,and the further increase of the activity of NF-кB plays a key role among them.


Spotlight-mode synthetic aperture radar (spotlight-mode SAR) synthesizes high-resolution terrain maps using data gathered from multiple observation angles. This paper shows that spotlight-mode SAR can be interpreted as a tomographic reeonstrution problem and analyzed using the projection-slice theorem from computer-aided tomograpy (CAT). The signal recorded at each SAR transmission point is modeled as a portion of the Fourier transform of a central projection of the imaged ground area. Reconstruction of a SAR image may then be accomplished using algorithms from CAT. This model permits a simple understanding of SAR imaging, not based on Doppler shifts. Resolution, sampling rates, waveform curvature, the Doppler effect, and other issues are also discussed within the context of this interpretation of SAR.


Representation and Reasoning Mechanism are the core and basis of the expert system. A good design of the knowledge representation and reasoning mechanism is very important. It will have a direct impact on the performance of expert system. In this paper, an expert system for prevention and control on stored grain pests is constructed base on Frame Knowledge Presentation and Case-based Reasoning.


• The contiguous gene deletion syndrome, CAH-X, was described in 8.5 % of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) patients with a TNXA/TNXB chimera resulting in deletions of CYP21A2, and TNXB, encoding the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-X (TNX). There are three TNXA/TNXB chimeras described that differ in the junction site, resulting in TNXB haploinsufficiency, dominant negative effect, or biallelic forms and an Ehlers Danlos syndrome (EDS) phenotype. (Chen et al. Human Mutation. 2016) Introduction


Studying properties of natural colloidal systems, one major issue is the question, whether the shape of the associations formed can be described morphometrically. Therefore, X-ray microscopy experiments have been performed with hematite particles, which have been forced to coagulate by adding increasing amounts of sodium sulfate as a coagulation agent. An important figure is the critical coagulation concentration c.c.c., where the repulsive potential around these colloidal particles is matched in its range with the attractive van der Waals potential. To calculate the fractal dimension of the associations in the X-ray micrographs is one way to characterize the structures formed. The method used here is the box-counting algorithm. The calculated box-counting dimensions show that the associations have an increasingly denser shape when crossing the c.c.c.


In this article, we give an elementary demonstration of the famous Bertrand's postulate by using a theorem proved by the mathematician M. El Bachraoni in 2006. Interesting is the distribution of prime numbers among the natural numbers and problems about their distributions have been stated in very simple ways, but they all turned out to be very difficult. The following open problem was stated by the Polish mathematician W. Sierpinski in 1958: For all natural numbers n > 1 and k ≤ n, there is at least one prime in the range [kn,(k+1)n].


An uplink non-orthogonal multiple-access communication system is developed for heterogeneous non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) that employ both low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations and high-altitude platforms (HAPs) as relays with hybrid automatic repeat request capabilities. The system is designed as a random-access and interference-resistant network to support low-rate users. A common waveform and frequency band is used for all uplink transmissions (whether the transmitter is a user terminal or a HAP). Both theoretical and simulation-based performance analysis results are provided as a function of user transmit power and packet arrival rates for channels with interference. The use of HAP relays is shown to significantly improve throughput and reduce queue size relative to direct transmission to the LEO satellites, especially for the case of low-power users in high interference environments.


Pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients possess unique pharmacokinetics and may benefit from prolonged beta‐lactam infusions to optimize pharmacodynamics. This study compared adverse drug event (ADE) rates with cefepime prolonged (PI) and standard infusions (SI).


Plaque incision or partial excision with collagen fleece grafting and IPP implantation is a well-established treatment for severe penile curvatures associated with ED. Nevertheless, multiple plaque incisions combined with Tachosil® grafting may have added advantages.

 We demonstrate step-by-step the treatment of a case of severe ED with an over 60 degree dorsal curvature mainly on the left side and an hour glass indentation on the right side of the penile shaft. We highlight the advantages of multiple plaque incisions and Tachosil® grafting combined with IPP implantation for these specific cases.

 After IPP implantation via the penoscrotal approach, the neurovascular bundle was mobilized. For the left sided curvature we underwent multiple deep transverse slits starting from and around the point of maximum curvature using a low energy cutting current (20 to 30 Watts). Our transverse incisions were complimented with the modeling technique. For the right sided waist formation we underwent longitudinal slits. The area of incisions was covered by a Tachosil® graft.

 The multiple horizontal incisions led to a vertical release thus straightening of the curved penile shaft. Longitudinal slits led to a horizontal release, therefore expanding and obliterating of the waist formation.

 The multiple slit technique together with Tachosil® grafting may have added advantages compared to the conventional plaque incision/excision utilizing the same graft. The smaller defects created by the multiple tunical incisions may avoid potential cylinder protrusion, facilitate better sealing of the collagen fleece, lower the incidence of hematoma and/or infections and allow complimentary modeling of the penis. Moreover, complex deformities may also be treated simultaneously with success.

 Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Coloplast.


December 2015 and January
2016 saw extensive flooding
along the banks of the River
Shannon in the Republic of
Ireland, with Limerick, Athlone
and Portumna particularly
badly aaected. The cost
involved for infrastructure
repair and clean-up could
reach €100m, while the cost
to businesses and livelihoods
is as yet unknown.


A study of low-power radix-4 quotient generators is presented. A modified SRT division algorithm [2] is used to produce the quotient but not the final remainder. Consequently, a gradual bit-slice deactivation (i.e., progressive truncation of the residual precision) is exploited to reduce the number of active modules across iterations and, consequently, to reduce power dissipation and energy. An increasing portion of the divider circuit area turns into "dark silicon". In this paper we report preliminary synthesis results of radix-4 quotient generators for 16, 24, 32, and 54 bits with respect to area, delay, power dissipation, and energy. We compare these results with the corresponding results of conventional full-precision radix-4 SRT dividers for the same cases. The results indicate a potential for significant reduction of power dissipation and energy but no effect on latency.


The growing prominence of social media in public discourse has led to greater scrutiny of the quality of information spreading online and the role that polarization plays in this process. However, studies of information spread on social media platforms like Twitter have been hampered by the difficulty of collecting data about the social graph, specifically follow links that shape what users see in their timelines. As a proxy of the follower graph, researchers use retweets to construct the diffusion graph, although it is not clear how these proxies affect studies of online information ecosys-tems. Using a dataset containing a sample of the Twitter follower graph and the tweets posted by users within it, we reconstruct the retweet graph and quantify its impact on the measures of exposure. While we find that echo chambers exist in both networks, they are more pronounced in the retweet neighborhood. We compare the polarization of information users see via their follower and retweet graphs to show that retweeted accounts systematically share more politically extreme content and misinformation. This bias cannot be explained by the activity or polarization within users' own social neighborhoods but by the increased attention they pay to more polarized sources. Our results suggest that studies relying on the follower graphs underestimate the polarization of information users pay attention to online.


Author(s): Jordan, Sara; Fazelpour, Sina; Koshiyama, Adriano; Kueper, Jaky; DeChant, Chad; Leong, Brenda; Marchant, Gary; Shank, Craig | Abstract: How can an organization systematically and reproducibly measure the ethical impact of its AI-enabled platforms? Organizations that create applications enhanced by artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) are increasingly asked to review the ethical impact of their work. Governance and oversight organizations are increasingly asked to provide documentation to guide the conduct of ethical impact assessments. This document outlines a draft procedure for organizations to evaluate the ethical impacts of their work. We propose that ethical impact can be evaluated via a principles-based approach when the effects of platforms' probable uses are interrogated through informative questions, with answers scaled and weighted to produce a multi-layered score. We initially assess ethical impact as the summed score of a project's potential to protect human rights. However, we do not suggest that the ethical impact of platforms is assessed exclusively through preservation of human rights alone, a decidedly difficult concept to measure. Instead, we propose that ethical impact can be measured through a similar procedure assessing conformity with other important principles such as: protection of decisional autonomy, explainability, reduction of bias, assurances of algorithmic competence, or safety. In this initial draft paper, we demonstrate the application of our method for ethical impact assessment to the principles of human rights and bias.


Multinational enterprises (MNEs) have become one of the key drivers of the world economy and their importance continues to grow around the world. The increased influence of OECD-based MNEs in developing countries is particularly striking. Today, developing countries account for almost onethird of the global stock of inward foreign direct investment (FDI), compared to slightly more than one fifth in 1990.


A technique has been developed for producing calibrated metal hydride films for use in the measurement of high-energy (5--15 MeV) particle reaction cross sections for hydrogen and helium isotopes on hydrogen isotopes. Absolute concentrations of various hydrogen isotopes in the film is expected to be determined to better than {+-}2% leading to the capacity of accurately measuring various reaction cross sections. Hydrogen isotope concentrations from near 100% to 5% can be made accurately and reproducibly. This is accomplished with the use of high accuracy pressure measurements coupled with high accuracy mass spectrometric measurements of each constituent partial pressure of the gas mixture during loading of the metal occluder films. Various techniques are used to verify the amount of metal present as well as the amount of hydrogen isotopes; high energy ion scattering analysis, PV measurements before, during and after loading, and thermal desorption/mass spectrometry measurements. The most appropriate metal to use for the occluder film appears to be titanium but other occluder metals are also being considered. Calibrated gas ratio samples, previously prepared, are used for the loading gas. Deviations from this calibrated gas ratio are measured using mass spectrometry during and after the loading process thereby determining the loadingmore » of the various hydrogen isotopes. These techniques are discussed and pertinent issues presented.« less


Sodium salt of diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDC) is one of the best-known organic reagents which form extractable chelates with many metal ions. Although many data on the characteristics of metal-DDC complexes have been published, no information about organometal complexes is available. In this work, the calculation of stability constants of trialkyllead-DDC complexes is described and their values are measured by electrochemical techniques. Obtained values are (1.9 ± 0.7) × 106 for (C2H5)3PbDDC and (3.1 ± 1.5) × 105 for (CH3)3PbDDC. The application of these constants for the prediction of trialkylleads behavior during complexometric extraction from water to organic solvent is discussed.


Intravenous heparin is administered during vascular surgery to prevent intravascular thrombosis caused by stasis when blood flow is interrupted. Traditionally heparin is allowed to circulate for 2 min before the artery or vein is clamped. The a h of the present study was to measure the rate of onset of anticoagulation following heparinization during arterial surgery


At present,teachers' participation in the curriculum development has become a tendency in the revolution of elementary educational courses.This essay makes a deep analysis of the theoretical background of the teachers' participation in the curriculum development,and discusses the realistic meaning of the teachers' participation in the curriculum development from the perspectives of the development of the teachers,curriculum and the students.


Prosopis limensis Benth.in Hook is a native tree species that grows in the seasonally dry forest and is important for firewood and forage production and environmental protection. The results of this research were submitted to variance analysis (ANOVA) of a single factor, nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey's test. In vitro seed germination with physical and chemical scarification was 100% whilw rooting of cuttings was of 0%. In tissue cultures, shoot-tip of 5 cm height seedlings obtained from in vitro germinated seeds, reached the highest bud elongation in MS culture media supplemented with 0.2 mg L -1 KIN, showing significant differences only about in relation to 0.2 mg L -1 BAP and 2.0 mg L -1 KIN. In other treatments tested, i.e. 0.2 mg L -1 NAA + 0.2 mg L -1 KIN, 0.2 mg L -1 IAA + 0.2 mg L -1 KIN and 0.02 mg L -1 IAA + 0.02 mg L -1 GA3 although increased bud elongation was reached, the results were not significant. The number of shoots formed was not more than 2, in the culture medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L -1 KIN + 25 mg L -1 adenine sulphate, while rooting was better in the culture medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L -1 IAA. The survival rate during greenhouse acclimatization was of 90%. This paper reports a simple but effective method to micropropagate P. limensis from apical shoots and nodal segments of seedlings obtained by in vitro germinated seeds, since although the sprouting rate was low, the number of nodes formed per seedling was significantly higher.


The Boltzmann machine is a probabilistic neural network describing the associative dependency of variables. It yields a probability distribution, which is a special case of the distribution generated by probabilistic inference networks. Hence both types of networks can be combined allowing to integrate probabilistic rules as well as unspecified associations in a sound way. the resulting network may have a number of interesting features including cycles of probabilistic rules, and hidden "unobservable" variables. the maximum likelihood approach is used to combine possibly conflicting pieces of information on rules or associations.


The article presents the outcomes of a sociological study conducted by researchers from the Institute of Philosophy and Law, SB RAS (Novosibirsk), including the authors of the article, in the Altai Republic (2014) – a study which included a massive opinion poll. The article examines how the character of a certain region is determined by its historical and cultural specificities, as well as by its current ethnosocial developments. In this article, our focus was on the ethnosocial situation in the Altai Republic, in particular on the attitudes people have on interethnic relationships in this region. It is important to distinguish between "ethnosocial processes" and "ethnosocial situation". We view the former as the developments running within the system of interethnic relationships in multiethnic societies. Ethnosocial processes have local characters of their own in each specific region. Ethnosocial situation can be described by means of analyzing the patterns ethnicities and interethnic communities follow in their development, as well as the issues of regulating interethnic relations. These relations (viewed as 'deeds' and not mere 'feelings') are indicators of the ethnosocial situation, which in its turn provides a snapshot of ethnosocial processes in the region. The Altai Republic is a polyethnic region of the Russian Federation, with its population breaking down into three main ethnic groups – Russians, Altaians and Kazakhs. Among the region's other inhabitants are several indigenous peoples of the North. The population is known to have developed certain practices of nonconfrontational coexistence of various ethnicities. The poll results confirmed that Russians, Altaians, Kazakhs and representatives of indigenous peoples of the North have fairly friendly attitudes towards one another. Respondents characterized current interethnic relations as positive, emphasizing their stable development over time. At the same time, they were somewhat uncertain about further evolution of interethnic relations and the possibility of interethnic conflicts. This uncertainty was probably due to general political and economic instability in Russia and around the world. On the whole, mutual sympathies and antipathies between representatives of various ethnicities within the Altai Republic do not largely depend on belonging to a particular ethnic group. This indicates a low level of interethnic tension. Mutual sympathies of Russians, Kazakhs and Altaians, as expressed by respondents, provide a positive view of the attitudes they display while involved in interethnic relations.


The Bakken formation is a tight oil play with continuous oil accumulation. Fractures play an important role in both exploration and production of the oil. As considered to be one of the most promising plays in the world, oil production from the Bakken largely depends on presence of natural or artificially-created fractures. There also exist arguments about the oil migration patterns in and out of the Bakken. This paper reviews the tectonic history of the Nesson anticline in the Williston basin, North Dakota, USA, and a numerical model of the study area has been built to reconstruct the paleostress under the far-field effect of the Laramide orogeny in late Cretaceous. The modeling results show that tensile horizontal stress was developed in most parts around the Nesson master fault in the study area during the Laramide event, and tensile fractures are very likely to be generated in the north and south sides of the fault. These tensile fractures could enhance the reservoir quality in both porosity and permeability. Zones of possible fracture development are identified based on the stress profile. In the fault zone, the paleostress has a lower magnitude of compressive stress than that in the host rock, so driving force may be provided to push the oil migrate from the host rock to the fault zone. However, after the hydrocarbon accumulated in the fault, fractures presented around the fault may function as additional pathways for migration again.


This article investigates Byron's use of the incest theme. It departs from the kind of biographical criticism often used to explore the theme of desire in Byron's work, as this interpretive paradigm both understates the complexity of Byron's treatment of the theme and neglects its literary precedents. Whatever his personal investment in the subject, the fact is that Byron's representations of it were significantly indebted to eighteenth-century incest narratives, particularly Gothic works. Further, for Byron, incest is a means of presenting individual conscience and morality, as well as challenging socio-political institutions and religious dogma.


This book investigates the interrelations between aesthetics, ethics, and politics in a variety of visual media forms ranging across art installations, film and television, interactive documentaries, painting, photography, social media and videogames. An international mix of emerging and established authors, with interdisciplinary expertise, explores how different ethical questions, political implications, and aesthetic pleasures arise and shape one another in particular ways in distinct visual media. Investigating themes such as the use of cinema as a medium for ethical and political thought, how documentary subjects both conceal and reveal truth, the new ethical challenges arising from interactive media and the role of images in responding to political events and trauma, this is a groundbreaking work about the interrelations of aesthetic, ethical and political values in visual media.


OBJECTIVE:To study effects of Anti fever mixture I(AFMI,composed of Herba Ephedrae Decoction and Radix Puerariae Decoction) to the levels of PGE and cAMP in the cerebrospinal fluid of fever rabbits METHODS:Rabbits were infected by pneumococcus to produce a fever model Two different doses of AFMI were used when the rabbits' temperature reached its peak, and also used AFMI ahead of schedule Survey the changes of PGE and cAMP levels and compared with each other RESULTS:The levels of PGE and cAMP in fever rabbits' cerebrospinal fluid was rised abnormally( P 0 01), AFMI can lower the abnormally rised levels of PGE and cAMP in the cerebrospinal fluid( P 0 01), and the use of AFMI ahead of schedule can inhibit the synthesis and release of PGE and cAMP in the cerebrospinal fluid CONCLUSION:The antipyretic and lowering temperature effects of AFMI are excellent


The results of a follow-up study were reviewed by discriminant analysis to verify the effectiveness of differential diagnosis for mentally retarded infants by the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS). The subjects were 86 Iow birthweight infant.s for whom the NBAS was performed in the neonatal period and whose developmental progress through age 3 years was confirmed. These infants were divided into 2 groups according to the results of the McCarthy Scales at revised age 3 years, i.e., 17 cases of intelligence quotient (IQ) of less than 90 including borderline area (retarded group) and 69 cases of IS 90 or more (normal group). Fisher's linear discriminant analysis was performed to see if these 2 groups are properly distinguished to the known groups in reference to the results of the NBAS at gestational age 44 weeks. As the result, 61 of the 69 cases in the normal group (88.50/0) and 12 of the 17 cases in the retarded group (70.60/0) were found to be properly classified in the known groups. The overall rate of proper classification was 84.90/0. False discrimination was found in I of the 4 cases (25.00/0) in the retarded area of IQ 70-79, in 4 of the 9 cases (44.40/0 ) in the borderline area of IQ 80-89, and in 8 correlations between discriminating variables and canonical discriminant functions were calculated. The results showed statistical influences by such NBAS clusters as state range, motor performance, supplemental items, state regulation and orientation, in descending order, indicating the necessity of behavioral assessment in the neonatal period. From the above, it was considered that discrimination of mental retardation in low birthweight infants in reference to t.he NBAS at gestational age 44 weeks is available at a high accuracy, and that the NBAS is effective on early diagnosis and on determining the application of early intervention and care. It was also indicated that follow-up for a longer period is necessary. Bull Sch Allied Med. Sci., Nagasaki Univ. 11: 17-23, 1997


Abstract : To substantially increase the operating pressures of future missiles, this MURI project addresses scientific understanding and methods for mitigation of rocket nozzle erosion by solid-propellant combustion products. Several processes can affect the nozzle erosion rate at high pressure and temperature conditions. Three approaches have been used to reduce the thermochemical/mechanical erosion rates of nozzle materials, including improving the thermochemical resistance of the nozzle materials, modifying the solid propellant formulation, and/or introducing boundary-layer control methods. The experimental efforts of the program are guided by state-of-the-art theoretical calculations. During the past year, great progress has been made on the development of both numerical codes and new experimental test facilities. Test rigs have been designed for simulating ultra high-pressure rocket nozzle conditions; with X-ray radiography for erosion rate measurements. A vortex combustor was also designed to simulate propellant product species and to evaluate their effects on nozzle erosion process. A nozzle erosion code has been updated to include comprehensive heterogeneous surface reaction mechanism at high-pressure conditions. The reaction kinetics of nozzle materials has been studied and calculations have been performed using quantum-mechanical and molecular dynamics models. A micro-scale dynamics sub-grid model has been adopted in a parallel LES code to determine the effect of surface shear forces on physical erosion of nozzle throat. Phase diagrams of the W-O-C-H-Cl systems have been obtained to acquire insight into tungsten reaction mechanisms with gaseous mixtures at high-pressure conditions. From equilibrium calculations, tungsten-based nozzles are suitable for aluminized propellants since tungsten oxide and tungsten oxychloride formation are significantly reduced due to the strong affinity of oxygen for aluminum.


This book is a well written and fairly comprehensive review of the present pattern and key issues in the administration of computing activities in the academic setting. It attempts to treat a large number of important issues which arise when the academic institution incorporates computing into its administrative and/or academic program. Mosmann's target is the administrator in the university setting who is faced with difficult decisions concerning the allocation of funds, establishment of policy or creation of new organizational structures in order to respond to demands generated within the university or college environment for access to computers or the services which computers can provide.


We synthesized branched epoxy copolymers with oligo-(benzoate) to create unique second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) active polymers (PEA3-C3, PEA3-C3F6 and PEA3-K) on the basis of new architecture. The cutoff wavelength (λ∞) of these polymers was satisfactory shorter than the visible region, i.e., λ∞ = ca. 400 nm. Second-order NLO properties for poled polymer films of thus synthesized were investigated. These polymer films after poling treatment exhibited good transparency in visible region and the second-order nonlinear optical coefficient, d33, of 7∼10 pmV−1. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


New characterizations of triangulated and cotriangulated graphs are pre- sented. Cotriangulated graphs form a natural subclass of the class of strongly perfect graphs, and they are also characterized in terms of the shellability of some associated collection of sets. Finally, the notion of stability function of a graph is introduced, and it is proved that a graph is triangulated if and only if the polynomial representing its stability func- tion has all its coefficients equal to 0, +1 or -1.


Einstein A coefficients have been calculated for rovibronic lines of the A 2 � → X 2 � + and B � 2 � + → X 2 � + transitions of 24 MgH. Using the experimentally determined analytic potential energy curve for the X 2 � + state, and the Rydberg–Klein–Rees potentials for the A 2 � and B � 2 � + states, combined with the most recent ab initio transition dipole moments, rovibronic transition moments were computed. The rovibronic transition frequencies were obtained accurately by subtracting the published term values of the X 2 � + , A 2 � and B � 2 � + states. Using the rovibronic transition dipole moments, transition frequencies and the H¨ onl–London factors, the Einstein A coefficients were calculated individually for ∼30 000 rovibronic lines of the A 2 � → X 2 � + and B � 2 � + → X 2 � + transitions of 24 MgH.


We have fabricated p-type crystalline silicon/porous silicon/microcrystalline silicon carbon pn junction diodes and demonstrated current-induced visible light emission. We observed two kinds of electroluminescence; one was a weak white emission at a forward current of about 90 mA, and the other was a strong orange-red one at a forward current from about 200 to 619 mA.


In a technology-driven world dominated by the Internet, it's often a challenging proposition to work with massive volumes of data, especially while extracting suitable information for various learning applications. In this context, Machine learning algorithms offer simple, swift and dynamic solutions for effective execution of such functions. Amongst such algorithms, the k-means algorithm is considered most effective in the realm of unsupervised learning procedure clustering. The k-means algorithm is distinctively focused on slotting identical data into unique groups through some commonality. It is the k that decides the quantum of such groups, formed in a k-means algorithm. The conventional k-means algorithm, however, suffers from a limitation i.e. its high computational cost. So far, many researchers have proposed various methods for enhancing the performance of the k-means clustering algorithm. However, this paper seeks to propose significant reductions in the workload of very large data sets in a k-means clustering algorithm by locating the initial centroids and fixing an interval between data elements that are less likely to change their cluster in subsequent iterations and the ones highly likely to change their cluster. Further, after being evaluated on different data sets, this method is compared with other K-Means method.


We prove that the Strongly Implicit Procedure (SIP), due to H. L. Stone, for solving selfadjoint elliptic difference equations is convergent.


Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a versatile environmentally friendly oxidizing agent that has many practical applications. H2O2 has countless qualities and it is one of the world's most important bulk inorganic chemicals. Most of the world's H2O2 is produced by auto-oxidation process (AO). The AO process involves indirect oxidation of H2 to yield H2O2. The first commercial anthraquinone (AQ) process was operated by I.G. Farbeinindustrie in Germany during the second world war. The AO process is successfully used to produce most of the world's H2O2 because it avoids explosive H2/O2 gas mixture.
However AO process suffers from several drawbacks, such as the use of a complex and toxic solvent system, the periodic replacement of costly quinone-derivative due to non-selective hydrogenation, the deactivation of the hydrogenation catalyst, high requirements of energy and intensive process steps for the removal of organic impurities. Also, it is known to have high capital and operating costs, thus it economically viable only for large scale productions (>4*104 tons per year). Therefore, H2O2 is produced in few locations and then transported to the customers. Transportation of H2O2 creates additional safety concerns since concentrated H2O2 can decompose explosively.
A process where H2O2 forms from the direct combination of its elements (H2 and O2) could be preferred, especially for small scale productions at the end-user site, if control of the sequential hydrogenation can be achieved, but none of the presently available processes has solved the productivity vs. safety dilemma.
Traditionally, the attention of the scientists focused on the identification of an active and particularly selective catalyst, overlooking the impact of safety and multiphase issues. Both aspects may benefit from continuous operations and suitable feeding policies, along with kinetics studies as we are currently investigating.
Three reactor set-ups were developed and realized for hydrogen peroxide direct synthesis: two of them are based on batch reactors of different volumes to perform catalytic tests and kinetics studies, and one is based on a novel trickle bed reactor (TBR).
Most of the work presented here is focused on the continuous reactor, far more attractive from an industrial perspective. In the TBR set up different catalysts were chosen to investigate H2O2 direct synthesis. A systematic study on operative conditions was performed, varying liquid and gas flow rates (contact time between liquid,gas and solid phases), changing H2/O2 ratio, investigating conditions for H2O2 decomposition and the effect of pressure. With this work very high values of selectivity were achieved (up to 90%), improving catalytic performances compared to those previously obtained in batch reactor set-ups. The best results were accomplished with a Pd and Au catalyst supported on sulfated zirconia.
Despite an extensive body of research on the direct synthesis process, very little has been published about kinetic rate expressions of the full reaction network, and in this study experimental kinetics in a batch reactor and their relative modeling are treated for the first time.


Ultrasound can provide a non-invasive quantitative tool to image acute and chronic cervical spine injury and disease. Our work demonstrates that ultrasound is able to quantify intervertebral disc(IVD) deformation of cervical spine functional spine units' at an accuracy of ±0.148 mm during applied spine motions at frequencies <;6 HZ using current clinical ultrasound devices. Using clinical ultrasound, we demonstrated that when a subject wears a standard issue military helmet while performing activities such as jumping from a height, a larger fraction of the compressive impulse is transmitted to the C4-C5 and C5-C6 IVDs compared to when the individual is not wearing the helmet.


Objective.  Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is caused by a deficiency of hydroxymethylbilane synthase. Clinical manifestations are abdominal pain and neurovisceral symptoms, accompanied by overproduction of heme‐precursors in the liver, which frequently remains long‐lasting in AIP patients. We tested the hypothesis that this condition may be associated with alterations of hepatic proteins known to be either increased or decreased in serum according to diverse pathological conditions including malnutrition, inflammation or liver disease.


Field and laboratory experiments indicate that a number of factors associated with filtration other than just pore size (e.g., diameter, manufacturer, volume of sample processed, amount of suspended sediment in the sample) can produce significant variations in the "dissolved" concentrations of such elements as Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Pb, Co, and Ni. The bulk of these variations result from the inclusion/exclusion of colloidally associated trace elements in the filtrate, although dilution and sorption/desorption from filters also may be factors. Thus, dissolved trace element concentrations quantitated by analyzing filtrates generated by processing whole water through similar pore-sized filters may not be equal or comparable. As such, simple filtration of unspecified volumes of natural water through unspecified 0.45-μm membrane filters may no longer represent an acceptable operational definition for a number of dissolved chemical constituents.


Grouping by configuration was studied in two experiments using a visual search paradigm(conjunction and preview search). We used two kinds of grouping: orientation (Exp 1) andtexture grouping (Exp 2) and there were two kinds of configuration (regular and irregular).Regular configurations facilitated search compared to irregular configurations (Exp 1 and2). Grouping by orientation was influential in preview search (Exp 1) and grouping bytexture had an effect on conjunction search (Exp 2). The role of configuration based ondifferent dimensions in search is discussed.


Pedestrian journeys through a city are commonplace, indeed all journeys start and end as a pedestrian. However, technology that gathers pedestrian data or innovation that aims to improve the pedestrian experience is not prevalent in our current cities. Future intelligent cities should greater assist pedestrians as the most common and most sustainable mode of travel through innovative integrated technology. Pedestrians should be able to be guided by intelligent applications that use live data sources, tailoring the route to the specific needs of a particular pedestrian. Pedestrian crossings take many forms, some of which are more suited to particular pedestrian types than others or to certain junction locations due to safety or traffic capacity constraints. This paper describes a vision of innovative pedestrian provision in future intelligent cities, considering tailored journeys, pedestrian data collection and the creation of a metamorphic pedestrian crossing style.


Introduction In an effort to provide electric cooperative decision-makers with a better understanding of investor-owned utility competitors, Management Quarterly will include IOU case analyses. In the fall 1995 issue, our article, "Gathering Competitive Intelligence," included an analysis of the Central and Southwest Corporation and Central Louisiana Electric Company. The analysis was initially provided by Rick Thomas during his presentation to the 1995 Advanced Management Program "Understanding IOU Competitive Strategies" participants. In this issue, we chose to focus on one of the smaller IOUs, Otter Tail Power Company. Management Quarterly would be pleased to receive an analysis of your competing investor-owned utility for future issues. Otter Tail's Interest in WAPA Otter Tail Power Company (OTP), the Fergus, Minnesota, electric utility, made a great deal of headlines in 1995 in the consumer-owned part of the electric utility industry with its submission to Congress and several federal government agencies of a proposal to operate a portion of the Western Area Power Administration. Otter Tail's proposal was a five-year pilot project under which the utility would manage the operations and marketing activities of the Billings Marketing Area of WAPA's eastern division of the Missouri Basin/Pick Sloan system. OTP would take a one-mill-per-kilowatt-hour-sold management fee and would return to the federal government all revenues over and above costs. The proposal would not be without an increased cost to the WAPA preference customers. OTP studies concluded that 90 percent of WAPA's preference customers would experience increases of 5 percent or less, 8 percent increases for ten percent of the customers and 10 percent or greater increases to the remaining 2 percent of the preference customers. Their proposal would be a transition step toward outright privatization of WAPA's federal power facilities. OTP believes that their pilot project would determine whether the concerns of those opposed to the sale of the PMA are justified. This proposal advances Otter Tail's position that The Power Marketing Administrations should be sold at auction for their market value in order to return as much money as possible to the federal treasury. As we know, Otter Tail's proposal was one of several different proposals made to Congress. The power company's August 11, 1995, shareholder brief said the various proposals are an opportunity to accomplish three objectives: 1. To bring several billion dollars more into the federal treasury. 2. To make the power generated by the facilities available to more of the Americans whose tax dollars have helped pay for and support them. 3. To end government involvement in what is becoming an increasingly competitive electric utility industry. Otter Tail President John MacFarlane considers the selling of the PMAs to be "the best way to help get the government out of the electricity business and provide a level playing field in an increasingly competitive marketplace." An Overview of Otter Tail Power Company Who is Otter Tail Power Company and how does its PMA position fit into their strategies? What are other strategies and the motivations behind them? OTP is a small utility which generates, transmits, distributes and sells electricity to more than 122,000 customers in western Minnesota, eastern North Dakota and northeastern South Dakota. Their 1994 electric revenues were $198 million on a total plant investment of $698 million. Their electric revenue mix included 33% residential, 19% commercial and farm, 34% industrial and 14% other revenues. Residential customers pay an average of about 6.25 cents per KWH for electric service. Their $300 million investment in generation plant is all coal-fired, which accounts for 64% of their KWH needs. The other 36% of their requirements are purchased. Their 1994 annual report boasts of continued increases in earnings per share and dividend payouts. …


Using field emission microscopy methods , the condensation and adsorption of Ni from a fraction of monoatomic layer to several hundert layers on the surface of a single crystal W-tip over a wide range of surface temperatures T changes were studied. The adsorption Ni on W in contrast to the adsorption Si on W does not cause any reconstruction of the W-suface at any T of the surface, and there are also no phenomena of bulk diffusion and field reconstruction of the surface. When multi-layer coatings of Ni on the W-surface grow crystallites of Ni with its own structure and faceting at low T - on close-packed faces and at high T - on loose faces of W. The presence of strong external electric field makes it possible to keep the crystallites on the surface at temperatures much higher than their solute temperature in the absence of an external field.


TiO 2 , Co/TіO 2 , Ni/TіO 2 and Mn/TіO 2 mesoporous films have been obtained by sol-gel method. It was found, that introduction of cobalt, nickel and manganese ions into the nanodispersed TiO 2 films improves the catalytic activity of the electrodes based on them in the reaction of the oxygen electroreduction and the photocatalytic activity in the dichromate anion photoreduction. The dependence of electro- and photocatalytic activity on concentration of dopant was found. The highest photocatalytic ativity was observed for Co/TіO 2 (3 %), Ni/TіO 2 (1 %) and Mn/TіO 2 (7 %) systems. Key words: titanium dioxide, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, doping, transition metals.


The wave of globalization has touched in every edge of the world and also proceeds in business world. Business uses accounting standard for preparing financial statements to examine the purpose of it. Financial globalization proceeds, International Financial Standard are increasingly becoming important instruments of integration. Meanwhile, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provides evidence of accounting quality for economic consequences. IFRS argues the purpose of financial reporting is essential to reduce information asymmetry between corporate manager of companies and parties contracting with firm. This has been observed in development countries whose are leading engine in the world. Different renowned economic forum and organization reinforced the influence of implementation of IFRS in which they called global accounting standards by 2011. By the end of 2008, there were over 100 countries that had adopted IFRS. Among IFRSs, IFRS 4 requires insurance contract to comply with international accounting standards for financial reporting in order to give improvements to accounting practice and to understand the salient aspects that are related to insurance company.


—The technique of association rules discovering is one of the most known and the most explored techniques of data mining. This technique has two main phases: the first is to extract all the frequent itemsets and the second is to generate association rules from these frequent itemsets. The first phase is the most expensive given the large number of accesses to transactions database and the large number of candidate itemsets. As databases are generally very large, a solution to avoid the repetitive and costly accesses is to represent them by compact structures. In this paper, we propose a parallel binary approach for frequent itemsets extracting, to deal with the great number of candidates and to take advantage of multicore architectures. This approach is implemented using a compact data structure based on signatures tree for the representation of the database to access it only once.


With the wide application of P2P(Peer-to-Peer) network technology based on Internet,more internal hosts need joining P2P.IP addresses of hosts behind NAT are unseen from Internet,and hosts in internet can't access hosts behind NAT actively.But the P2P network requires that any computer can exchange information directly,thus P2P applications must solve the problems of bidirectional communication across NAT.This paper introduces several methods of P2P across NAT,and these methods can guide development of practical application programs.


With the advent of industrial democratisation, worker participation, job re‐design, autonomous sub‐groups and workers' councils, it has become apparent to managers as well as researchers that the role of first‐level managers has changed from being goal‐directed, task‐oriented supervisors to being person‐oriented co‐ordinators and consultants. This change has created a call for a new style of leadership, a style of leadership in which supervisors rely less upon the authority of their positions and in which they provide more room for their subordinates to strive for a certain degree of self‐fulfillment.


The delay of five-axis table has a great effect on simulation system and experimental data due to its complex physical structure.On the basis of driver development of the reflective memory card under RTX,a test system based on the reflective memory technology is designed to measure the delay time.The processes timely disposing and transmitting data run under RTX.The test signal parameters are set by the interactive interface developed in LabWindows/CVI.Finally,the delay is analyzed in Matlab.The test result provides reference to future simulation.


Abstract External assessment of China's water problems, and recommendations for policy solutions, often fail to recognize interrelated physical, institutional, historical-cultural, and ideologically-grounded contradictions in the water sphere, distinctive to China, that challenge Chinese policy makers in unique ways. As new market-based approaches to flood and drought prevention and control, water quality maintenance, adequate water supply, and ecological support are being discussed and implemented, problems of overcoming deep-seated contradictions in the water economy compel searching review of policy assumptions and strategies which force reconsideration and modification of longstanding strategies and procedures for managing water resources. This paper considers the implications of water policy contradictions and challenges in four key areas: (1) coordination of economic measures and legal constraints associated with a 1988 Water Law; (2) a major 1999 policy shift from emphasis on strutural engineering solutions in shuili (water management) enterprise to a broader resource-defined concept of "resource" water management (ziyuanshuili) in support of water sustainability; (3) continuing reference to traditional historical/cultural and Marxist theoretical perspectives despite increasing adoption of Western market-based instruments in water policy development; and (4) problems of modifying and adapting indigenous water science and engineering in the process of building a new water economy. The paper concludes that bilateral and multilateral efforts to ameliorate China's water problems may be successful in achieving limited technical objectives in the several water sectors but face difficulties in contributing to China's long-term water sustainability and hazard mitigation because they are insensitive to internal contradictions that are being addressed with ever greater intensity and urgency in the quest for solutions.


Interpreting manipulation verbs in natural-language instructions into manipulation actions is an indispensable ability for future service robots. As a typical example of manipulation verbs, cutting and breaking (C&B) verbs has gained increasing attention, and various interpretation methods have been proposed in both fields of robotics and natural language processing. However, the existing methods are either relying on the manual meaning matching with tools, objects, and demonstration videos, or based on qualitative and empirical knowledge. Consequently, it is unable to quantitatively interpret the C&B verbs into the robots' trajectory patterns, which are the necessary information for performing manipulation actions. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a mechanics-based approach, using the contact, twist, and wrench formulations, for interpreting the C&B verbs into quantitative, computable, and verifiable forms. The proposed method leads to the quantitative constraints and unified validation criteria for robot trajectory generation of manipulation tasks, as well as the semantic analysis in natural language processing.


Agents may contract some of their tasks to other agent even when they do not share a common goal. An agent may try to contract some of the tasks that it cannot perform by itself, or that may be performed more e ciently by other agents. One selfmotivated agent may convince another self-motivated agent to help it with its task, by promises of rewards, even if the agents are not assumed to be benevolent. We propose techniques that provide e cient ways to reach contracting in varied situations: the agents have full information about the environment and each other or subcontracting when the agents do not know the exact state of the world. We consider situations of repeated encounters, cases of asymmetric information, situations where the agents lack information about each other, and cases where an agent subcontracts a task to a group of agents. Situations where there is competition among possible contracted agents or possible contracting agents are also considered. In all situations we would like the contracted agent to carry out the task e ciently without the need of close supervision by the contracting agent. This paper is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. IRI9123460 and is an extension of [ Kraus, 1993 ] . I would like to thank Jonathan Wilkenfeld and Barbara Grosz for their comments.


A unified method of moments model is developed for the analysis of arbitrarily shaped antennas that are radiating next to a multilayered dielectric sphere. The curvilinear Rao-Wilton-Glisson triangular basis functions and dyadic Green's functions have been used in the model. Antennas of various geometries including spherical, circular and rectangular microstrip antennas as well as hemispherical dielectric resonators have been modeled. Input impedance and radiation pattern results are presented and shown to be in good agreement with published data.


In today's construction, the traditional slab is mostly supported by a beam, with a small slab thickness and a large beam depth, and the weight is carried from beam to column. The flat slab allows architects to place partition walls wherever they are needed. It is widely used because it reduces weight, speeds up building, and is cost effective. Similarly, since its inception, the conventional slab has provided benefits such as increased stiffness, increased weight carrying ability, as well as being safe and cost effective. Grid slabs are necessary where the span is greater, and grid beams are provided to lessen the spanning. Grid slabs reduce dead load due to voids and are appropriate for longer spans with heavy loads. The Grid slab is less expensive and provides superior vibration resistance. The project's goal is to find the most cost-effective slab among standard slab, flat slab with drop, and grid slab. A G+5 Commercial multi-story structure with flat slab, conventional slab, and gird slab was investigated for characteristics such as storey displacement, shear force, bending moment, and storey drift in this study. There are a total of 18 structures examined. The performance and behaviour of all structures in India's seismic zone III have been investigated with the application of dead load, live load and seismic load. The results of shear force, Bending Moment, story shear, story displacement, story drift and quantity of concrete and steel shows that the overall result values makes flat slab a suitable structure as compared to the conventional and grid slab.


The  paper  presents  a  model  to  coordinate  the  predictive‐preventive  maintenance  process  of Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) with optimal Vessel Fleet (VF) size support system. The model is presented as a bi‐ level problem. On the first level, the model coordinates the predictive‐preventive maintenance of the OWF and the distributed Power System minimizing the risk of Expected Energy not Supply (EENS). The risk is estimated with  a  sequential Markov  Chain Monte  Carlo  (MCMC)  simulation model. On  the  second  level  the model determining the optimal fleet size of vessels to support maintenance activities at OWF. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 13 Number 4 December 2019 DOI: 10.12716/1001.13.04.15


Compressive sensing has been proposed as a low‐cost solution for dynamic wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks. It aims to accelerate the acquisition process and minimize the hardware cost. It consists of directly acquiring a sparse signal in its compressed form that includes the maximum information using a minimum number of measurements and then recovering the original signal at the receiver. Over the last decade, a number of compressive sensing techniques have been proposed to enable scanning the wideband radio spectrum at or below the Nyquist rate. However, these techniques suffer from uncertainty due to random measurements, which degrades their performances. To enhance the compressive sensing efficiency, reduce the level of randomness, and handle uncertainty, signal sampling requires a fast, structured, and robust sampling matrix; and signal recovery requires an accurate and efficient reconstruction algorithm. In this paper, we proposed a method that addresses the previously mentioned problems by exploiting the Bayesian model strengths and the Toeplitz matrix structure. The proposed method was implemented and extensively tested. The simulation results were analyzed and compared to those of the 2 techniques: basis pursuit and orthogonal matching pursuit algorithms with Toeplitz and random matrix. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method, several metrics were used, namely, sampling time, sparsity, required number of measurements, recovery time, processing time, recovery error, signal‐to‐noise ratio, and mean square error. The results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method over the 2 other techniques in speed, robustness, recovery success, and handling uncertainty.


Due to the emergence of very high-data-rate wireless communications, the adaptation of traditional diversity systems is required so that some performance is sacrificed for complexity reduction. With this goal in mind, I investigate the threshold generalized selection combining (T-GSC). This scheme combines all branches whose SNR's exceeds a certain threshold. In this paper, we prove that for any two-dimensional amplitude/phase linear modulation schemes, the bit error rate (BER) of T-GSC is better than the BER of generalized selection combining (GSC) and worse than the BER of maximal ratio combining (MRC). However, the complexity of T-GSC is less than the complexity of MRC which is an advantage as MRC has high complexity and high power consumption. T-GSC will be studied and compared to MRC in a Raleigh flat fading channel. The performance of both combining schemes will be measured in terms of bit error rate (BER). Keywords—Diversity, Cooperative Communications, Fading Channel


Most of us are familiar with drug development research that is focused on getting a drug into the body, and ultimately to a target site, with the intent of achieving maximum drug efficacy. However, there has recently been much attention in designing drug delivery systems that, under certain circumstances, do just the opposite. This new field of research is spawning out of the growing need to combat prescription drug abuse. Every year, since 2002, there is an estimated 1.9 million Americans who become new abusers of prescription pain medications [1]. This problem has become so big the White House has referred to it as an "epidemic" and created a collaborative plan to help reduce the nation's prescription drug crisis [2].


A laser system for remote non-destructive inspection of concrete structures has been developed. The system is intended for the location of inner flaws in concrete structures, mainly in concrete transportation tunnels. The technique is based on the initiation and detection of Lamb waves and ultrasonic vibration in concrete with the use of a laser photorefractive interferometer. Vibration in concrete is initiated by laser impact provided by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at wavelength of 1064 nm. A CW Nd:YAG laser radiation of 532 nm wavelength is used for detection. The laser interferometer uses principles of dynamic holography via two-wave mixing in photorefractive crystal and homodyne detection. A photorefractive crystal – Bismuth Silicon Oxide (BSO) – is used as a nonlinear medium for the recording of the dynamic hologram. Concrete samples used in the laboratory experiments reproduce real concrete material used in transportation tunnels. Various types of inner defects like voids, cracks and honeycombs have been tested. Lamb waves initiated by laser impact are detected by the interferometer. Analysis of Lamb wave spectra provides information of defect location. Accuracy of location is about 2 cm. A mobile model of the system has been assembled and demonstrated in field conditions.


The purpose of this work was to analyze the thermal balance of easily assembled premises of different types and sizes during the periods of low average daily temperatures. The research was conducted during the winter period of 2020–2021 in the Kyiv region. The used material was easily assembled premises of different types and sizes: easily assembled ones without insulation elements; with elements of warming and premises with deep-litter. In each of the studied premises were kept 400 dairy cows. The studies were performed during two periods: the first period had ambient temperatures from -10 to -14.9 °C and the second one from -15.0 °C and below. In our studies, the average daily temperature (during the ambient temperature from -10 to 14.9 °C) in easily assembled premises with the use of insulation elements was 6.20 and 5.31 °C higher than in premises without insulation and deep-litter. A similar trend was observed during the period of lowering the ambient temperature up to 15 °C and below. Thus, the advantage of the premises without insulation constituted 6.28 °C, and of the premises with deep-litter per 5.84 °C, respectively. It was found that keeping in easy-to-assemble premises with insulation elements, the consumption of free thermal energy from the whole herd during the experimental periods was lower compared to the keeping in a boxing cowshed and a cowshed with deep litter. This is due to the smaller range of fluctuations in the average daily temperature in a room with insulation elements. A similar trend was observed for energy consumption through enclosing structures and for moisture evaporation and, accordingly, total heat consumption. In general, heat deficiency was observed during the keeping of cows in the investigated premises of easily assembled type at negative temperatures (-10–14.9 and -15 °С and above). Accordingly, the thermal balance of the premises was negative. The highest values of heat balance among easily assembled premises in both research periods were observed for keeping in rooms that used insulation elements.


This paper studies the competitive and cooperative behavior of news publishers and news aggregators. Firstly, based on the evolutionary game theory, the game model of two participants is constructed, and the replicator dynamics equation is established. Secondly, we analyze evolutionary stable strategy of the two participants and the impact of the relevant parameters on the strategy evolution process. Then we use a simulation to examine the efficiency of the proposed model. Finally, some suggestions are made to promote the cooperation of news publishers and news aggregators.


We investigate the statistics of the maximal fluctuation of two-dimensional Gaussian interfaces. Its relation to the entropic repulsion between rigid walls and a confined interface is used to derive the average maximal [EQUATION: SEE TEXT]and the asymptotic behavior of the whole distribution for [EQUATION: SEE TEXT] for m finite with N2 and K the interface size and tension, respectively. The standardized form of P(m) does not depend on N or K, but shows a good agreement with Gumbel's first asymptote distribution with a particular noninteger parameter. The effects of the correlations among individual fluctuations on the extreme value statistics are discussed in our findings.


In order to research on reducing vibration by using trench and barriers at the vibration transmission path, the presented paper introduced a test campaign in a 1:5 scaled benches. The tests were conducted for four different conditions, including the control condition, open trench, concrete barriers, and concrete barriers with PUR mat. Findings indicated that the specific barriers made of concrete with elastic PUR layer can indeed efficiently reduce the transmission through the soil of vibrations.


Objective: To describe the case of a patient with a grade II splenic lesion diagnosed through laparoscopy, avoiding a non-therapeutic laparotomy. Setting: Second level health care general hospital. Case description: A 27 years old man, with bruised abdominal lesions. He had been attacked 16 hours before being admitted to the hospital. He had been hit brutally in the abdomen, hemodinamically stable, pale, without cardiopulmonary alterations, slightly distended abdomen, with generalized muscular resistance, lack of peristalsis, and peritoneal irritation data. Hemoglobin of 8.6 g/dl, thoracic X ray normal, simple abdominal X rays revealed segmentary ileum. Ultrasound revealed free liquid in the abdominal cavity. Diagnostic laparotomy revealed a hemoperitoneum of 1200 ml, grade II splenic lesion, starshaped, a bruised zone at the visceral side and a subcapsular hematoma, without active hemorrhage. Conservative treatment was applied, leaving drainage. The patient evolved adequately, without needing blood transfusion during the postoperative period. He was left at the hospital for 7 days under absolute rest conditions. Conclusion: Laparoscopy is useful to study abdominal trauma.


Objective:To explore the effects of double-barreled and single-barreled epidural block anesthesia on nervous behavior of neonates.Methods:58 pregnant women were selected as study objects,then they were divided into two groups randomly: double-barreled epidural block anesthesia group(double-barreled group) and single-barreled epidural block anesthesia group(single-barreled group).One minute and five minutes Apgar scores,nervous behavior scores,body weights on the fourth day after birth,changes of β-endorphin content of pregnant women in the two groups were compared.Results:①Neonatal Apgar scores: there was no significant difference in neonatal Apgar scores between the two groups(P0.05).②NACS scores: the passive muscular tension score,active muscular tension score,general reaction score and total NACS score of double-barreled group were significantly higher than those of single-barreled group(P0.01).③Change of neonatal body weight: there was no significant difference in neonatal body weights at the time of birth,at 1,2 and 3 days after birth between the two groups(P0.05);within three days after birth,the neonates in the two groups were found with physiological dehydration,the body weights at 1,2 and 3 days after birth were significantly lower than those at the time of birth(P0.05);the losses of body weight at 1,2 and 3 days after birth in double-barreled group were lower than those in single-barreled group,and there was no significant difference in the loss of body weight at one day after birth between the two groups(P0.05),there was significant difference in the loss of body weight at 2 and 3 days after birth between the two groups(P0.05).④β-endorphin: there was no significant difference in β-endorphin level at 24 hours before operation between the two groups(P0.05).At 24 hours after birth,the content of β-endorphin in double-barreled group was significantly higher than that in single-barreled group(P0.01).Conclusion:Double-barreled epidural block anesthesia has no impact on neonatal nervous behavior and adaptability,and the method is safe and reliable for painless labor in clinic.


Gesture recognition is a technology of computer science with the goal of interpreting human gestures or human motion via mathematical algorithms. Gesture recognition begins from facial, voice, eye tracking, lip movement, ear etc. Also the identification and recognition of posture, walking style, and human behaviours is also the part of gesture recognition techniques. To interpret the sign language, the person is used a device like mobile, computer which is embedded with camera like Depth-aware cameras, stereo camera, single camera etc. It is a good way for building a connection between human and computer system. Gesture recognition enables humans to interface with the machine and interact naturally without any mechanical devices. There are two types of gesture: Online gesture, Offline gesture. Two different approaches in gesture recognition is related to 3D model and related to appearance-based.3D model is used to provide information related the body parts like thumb, position of palm, joint angles , etc.. In short, Appearance-based systems use images or videos for direct interpretation. Keywords - Computer Aided Design (CAD), Active Appearance Models (AAM), Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Sequence of the Most Informative Joints (SMIJ), Histogram-of-Motion Words (HMW), System for secure face identification (SCiFI), Point distribution model (PDM), Discrete cosine transform (DCT), Principal component analysis (PCA), Discrete wavelet transform (DWT).


There are two kinds of Assmen in this world. Wild, hairy assmen, who put stickers that say things like "Why Be Normal?" all over their trucks and drink Corona beer and wear fezzes at parties for attention; these are the Assman Desperados. Our job is to ferret them out and expose them.


: Based on the cross study of externality theory of economics and city complex theory, with the city commercial complex as the research object, from the perspective of "externalities", we examine the due effects of commercial complex on urban space, function, environment, public culture and social economic activities. It is proposed to integrate commercial complex into urban planning and design system, focusing not only on land allocation and social economy, but also on user behavior and spatial landscape. By using "anti-commercial design thinking" and "public design thinking", a new design mode of externally optimized city commercial complex is established to eliminate negative externalities, increase positive externalities and play an important role in improving urban external quality.


Associate Professor Ian Lowe, well-known science commentator from Griffith University, tells the story of how he once dreamed about giving a boring lecture at which his students were all falling asleep. He then woke up and found he was in fact giving the lecture. This journal article is available in Overview University of Wollongong Teaching & Learning Journal: http://ro.uow.edu.au/overview/ vol1/iss2/11


Recommender systems provide users with products or content intended to satisfy their information needs. The primary evaluation measures for recommender systems emphasize either the perceived relevance of the recommendations or the actions driven by those recommendations (e.g., purchases on ecommerce sites or clicks on news and social networking sites). Unfortunately, this transactional emphasis neglects the inherently interactive nature of the user experience.
 This tutorial explores recommendations as part of a conversation between users and systems. A conversational approach should provide transparency, control, and guidance. Transparency means that users understand why systems offer particular recommendations. Control means that users can explicitly manipulate the behavior of recommender systems based on personal needs and preferences. Guidance means that systems offers plausible and predictable next steps rather than requiring users to guess the consequences of their interactions.
 Finally, there are psychological factors -- in particular, the faith that users place in the recommender system's effectiveness. Since users develop mental models of recommender systems, the system should become more predictable with repeated use.
 The tutorial does not require any special background in interfaces or usability. Rather, it summarizes the best lessons from research and industry, offering concrete examples and practical techniques to make recommender systems most effective for users.


The knowledge for Chinese information processing is inadequate and the syntactic constituents, syntactic functions and semantic relations in modern Chinese are very complicated. Therefore, this article puts forward a kind of natural language analysis driven by signs and frameworks and makes an analysis of the conjunctions like "wu lun". Based on a detailed description of the syntactic distribution of this kind of conjunctions, the article sums up a series of frameworks with signs and establishes the rules of automatic analysis.


CE‐TOFMS is a powerful method for profiling charged metabolites. However, the limited availability of metabolite standards hinders the process of identifying compounds from detected features in CE‐TOFMS data sets. To overcome this problem, we developed a method to identify unknown peaks based on the predicted migration time (tm) and accurate m/z values. We developed a predictive model using 375 standard cationic metabolites and support vector regression. The model yielded good correlations between the predicted and measured tm (R=0.952 and 0.905 using complete and cross‐validation data sets, respectively). Using the trained model, we subsequently predicted the tm for 2938 metabolites available from the public databases and assigned tentative identities to noise‐filtered features in human urine samples. While 38.9% of the peaks were assigned metabolite names by matching with the standard library alone, the proportion increased to 52.2%. The proposed methodology increases the value of metabolomic data sets obtained from CE‐TOFMS profiling.


A biologically motivated, computationally intensive approach to computer vision is developed and applied to the problem of automatic face recognition. The approach is based on the use of two-dimensional Gabor functions which model the receptive eld functions of simple cells in the primary visual cortex of mammals. The convolutions of an input image with a set of antisymmetric visual receptive eld functions (imaginary parts of Gabor functions) become the subject of thresholding and orientation competition. The developed cortical lters deliver highly structured information which is used for eecient feature extraction and representation in a lower dimension space. Applied to face recognition, the method gives a recognition rate of 98.5% on a large database of face images.


Abstract In this note, we report and discuss some recent results on the quasi-localmass in general relativity and the relations to the isometric embeddingproblems.Keywords and Phrases: Isometric embedding, Quasi-local mass,Positive mass theorem. 1. Introduction I would like to start with the positive mass theorem which is one ofthe few general relativity theorems that are well-known among mathe-maticians and enormously useful to a geometric-analyst like myself. LetN 4 be a space-time, i.e. a four-manifold with a Lorentzian metric g of signature ( + ++) that satis es the Einstein equation:R s2g = 8ˇGT where R and sare the Ricci curvature and the Ricci scalar curvature ofg , respectively. Gis the gravitational constant and T is the energy-momentum tensor of matter density. The metric g de nes space-like,time-like and null vectors on the tangent space of N 4 accordingly.A "dominant energy condition", which corresponds to a positivitycondition on the matter density T , is expected to be satis ed on anyrealistic space-time. It means the following: for any time-like vector e


Secondary to pharyngeal trauma such as endotracheal intubation, endoscopy and after foreign body ingestion, or removal may develop retropharyngeal cellulitis in adults. These infections occur mainly in children between 1 to 8 years of age with 75% of cases occurring before the age of 5 years. Retropharyngeal cellulitis is a serious deep space infection which can extend from neck to the mediastinum. Herein, we represent a case of 24-year-old female patient who presented with neck pain, odynophagia, and malaise two months after accidental ingestion of a little pin. Uncomplicated removal of this pin was followed by development of retropharyngeal cellulitis and cervical spondylodiscitis. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous and oral antibiotics for 12 weeks without need to surgical intervention. We believe that early and aggressive medical treatment can eradicate nonsuppurative complicated retropharyngeal infection without the need for surgery. J Microbiol Infect Dis 2015;5(4): 180-183 Key words: Pharyngeal trauma, cervical spondylodiscitis, cellulitis


Hokkaido, known as Yezo and popularly so called before 1869, is an island of northern Japan, havingan area of 35,739 square miles. Though it is populated at present by more than 2.8 millions of inhabitants, about 60 years ago it was a land of forests, moorlands and wastes poorly inhabitedby some Japanese and the aborigines of the island, the Ainu. Lately the natural resources of the land have been given attention and opened to use under systematic governmental schemes. Lately, therefore, the settling of immigrants has spread so deeply that it is difficult now to realize the state of nature of ancient Yezo. No place in the world has been modified so rapidly from its untouched natural condition to the development of modern civilization as has the Hokkaido.So almost every event occurring in this island has been described by successive recorders clearly so as to enable us later to follow the changes. On the other hand Hokkaido is well suited for the study of man's influence on nature owing to its geographical situation, completely separated from neighbouring countries by the sea. Within historic times a number of wild animalswhich are strange to the present fauna roamed on the plains, in the pathless forests and on the mountains. Apart from the changes which have taken place among small creatures like insects, man's influence has prevailed particularly on mammals in Hokkaido. Now-a-days some of the native beasts have been completely exterminated and most of them have been remarkably decreased in number.Of the extinct species, wolves were the first to disappear. The deer have been protected by the law since 1920 but they are almost extinct at present. The sables and otters have also met a sad fate and in spite of particular protection, their coming back to their existence as before is anything but promising. Only the bears still maintain their stronghold, making savage forays upon man and his flocks.


ABSTRACT Reflexive governance can be understood as an emergent encapsulated trust-building corporatism where network participants are neither state functionaries nor market entrepreneurs but network reciproqueteurs. This paper argues that such reflexive network governance results in a post-regulatory corporatism (PRC)—a more adaptable, less formalized, and flexible mode of interest intermediation, policy-making, and policy-implementation than previous modes of corporatist intermediation. Functional differentiation processes engender 'negotiated connected contracts' in rescaled space in between inter-regional assemblages, a mode of structurally coupling new social partners in the emergent transnational knowledge-based economy. This involves the building of new social capital of network trust-building manifested in the norms of reciprocity and reflexive law constituted as a new mode of protocolism: one associated with the social learning and policy designing necessary for ecological systems' autopoeisis, resilience, and sustainability. This paper conceptualizes reflexive network governance as protocolism in constellations of PRC and discusses examples from the area of environmental policy-making. PRC is understood as a new mode of negotiated rule-making: as a recursive protocolism of multi-stakeholder social pacts constituted by frame agreements and negotiated connected network contracts.


There is provided a particle comprising a polymer and a combination of galacto met one of the glucomannan polymer and carboxyalkyl cellulose, water, in which the particles have a plurality of non-permanent metal comprises a cross-linked. A method for producing a particle comprising a carboxyalkyl cellulose, the method comprising treating the aqueous solution by using a step and a cross-linking agent is mixed to provide a solution to split Goto met polymer and glucomannan one polymer and carboxyalkyl cellulose by the steps of: providing a gel, comprising the steps of: drying the gel to provide a solid, and a step of crushing the solid to provide a plurality of particles.


Recently, small-scale convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become a hot research topic due to the fewer training parameters and shorter training time, while their accuracy is generally degraded compared with large-scale CNNs. To this end, in this paper, we propose a small-scale CNN with sparse representation (a sparse small-scale CNN) for image classification. First, the Gabor filter is a representative sparse representation, so we integrate it into the standard AlexNet to establish a sparse Gabor-AlexNet architecture to better extract the feature of images. Second, to improve further the performance of the above Gabor-AlexNet., a learnable Gabor-AlexNet with only the increase of a few learning parameters is constructed for image classification. Finally, we test the Gabor-AlexNet on small-scale datasets including Extended Yale B, CASIA-FaceV5., Original Brodatz and, DTD. The proposed method outperforms the standard AlexNet in the precision and speed as classification benchmark. Then, our learnable Gabor-AlexNet is also superior to the Gabor-AlexNet for classification performance on the CIFAR-10 dataset.


The testing technology research on conversion efficiency of ocean wave power generation system is introduced,focusing on the discussion of testing methods and technical means about the conversion efficiency in laboratory.


The lithium aluminosilicate mineral petalite (LiAlSi4O10) has been studied using high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction up to 5 GPa. Petalite is a layered silicate mineral. The layers comprise puckered double-sheets of corner-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra. Cornersharing AlO4 tetrahedra bridge neighboring layers and complete the 3D architecture. The charge is balanced by lithium cations that reside within channels that propagate through the structure. Petalite undergoes two pressure-induced phase transitions at ca. 1.5 and 2.5 GPa. The first of these transforms the low-pressure α-phase of petalite (P2/c) to an intermediate β′ phase that then fully converts to the high-pressure β phase at ca. 2.5 GPa. The α→β transition is isomorphic with a commensurate modulation that triples the unit cell volume. Measurement of the unit cell parameters of petalite as a function of pressure, and fitting of the data with 3rd order Birch-Murnaghan equations of state, has provided revised elastic constants for petalite. The bulk moduli of the αand β-phases are 49(1) and 35(3) GPa, respectively. These values indicate that petalite is one of the most compressible lithium aluminosilicate minerals. The α-phase structure has been refined at five different pressures, revealing a compression mechanism that is driven by the rigid body movement of the Si2O7 units from which the silicate double-layers are constructed. The structure of the β′ phase was not determined. The structure of the β phase was determined at 2.71 GPa. Although the fundamental structural features of petalite are retained in the α → β phase transition, subtle alterations occur in the internal structure of the silicate double-layers.


The papers presented at the Conference cover a wide range of important issues in software engineering and management. They indicate a trend toward more use of commercial systems and standards. This trend will likely have a significant influence on plans for future systems.