Thomas Robert Malthus shares an unenviable place in public thought with men like Hobbes and Lamarck--he is the poor sap who gets glibly abridged at the beginning of the chapter, before a theorist better aligned with 21st century ideology comes along. So to stand up as a neo-Malthusian, as National Geographic writer Joel K. Bourne Jr. does in The End of Plenty, is to invite a fair degree of ridicule; Malthusian predictions that human population must inevitably outstrip food supply have an astonishingly poor track record. To his credit, Bourne explains why Malthusianism commands so little respect today. Malthus postulated a race between population and food supply, in which population grew much faster than food supply ever could. With insufficient food, people starve. But in fact, the two centuries since Malthus have been marked by enormous scientific increases in our capacity for food production. In particular, the Green Revolution (a series of worldwide improvements in farming techniques beginning midway through the 20th century) seems to have set human population free to grow exponentially, with few limits to available food supply. Further to his credit, however, Bourne points out why Malthus, "the father of modern demographics ... and one of the most hated scientists in history" (24), deserves a little more respect than he gets. The much-mocked "Malthusian collapse," for one thing, is entirely an invention of modern critics; "Malthus was simply demonstrating the wide chasm between logarithmic and arithmetic growth" (28). Furthermore, though he and his theories are widely reviled as callous and unfeeling, the Reverend Malthus was a lifelong advocate for the extension of privileges and liberties to the lower classes. Not being a Utopian should not be confused with reveling in starvation and misery. Most importantly, Bourne argues Malthus' population principle may be more relevant to our situation than we like to think. Increasing the potential food supply depends on technological advances, advances that simply have not occurred in the years since the Green Revolution. We are currently increasing in population faster than we are increasing Earth's carrying capacity. In fact, by some metrics, environmental degradation is diminishing the carrying capacity. "Given the growing gap between population and production and the limit on arable land," Bourne's sources conclude that at the current rate, "the world will soon be essentially in the same place it was in the 1960s before the green revolution took off, when widespread hunger was the norm" (151). We will have reached a new population limit, and Malthusian principles of evenly matched growth and starvation will return with a vengeance. Bourne imagines a world in which the rich, food-secure nations leave everyone else (with the exception, one supposes, of a few local elites) to starve. The majority of The End of Plenty explores ways to stave off this future. Worryingly, however, nothing it proposes seems rigorous enough to deal with the problem he identifies: we need to almost double food production by 2050. Bourne has described a cataclysmic flood in the first third of his book, and then spent the next two thirds piling up pebbles in a dam that would be hilarious in its inadequacy if it were not also tragic. Some possibilities seem interesting, certainly. Ukraine's farmland is badly mismanaged, and, as Bourne points out, could be producing much more food than it is. Similarly, many people have shared Bourne's excitement in aquaculture for a long time now. But no one thinks that Ukraine or aquaculture is likely to feed several billion more people any time soon, and those are the most promising options available in The End of Plenty. …


Gannan's tobacco was imported from Fujian province during the late of Ming dynasty.After kangxi emperor and Qianlong emperor,Gannan's tobacco production was quickly developed and become the main industry of region economy and the dependence of making a living for Gannan's people.The development of Gannan's tobacco in Qing dynasty was related not only to the change of policy, transit of custom and the geographical condition,but also to the great demand for the tobacco,the great profit and the development of the commodity economy of region.


Many patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) dismiss the idea that their seizures are psychogenic, especially if the correct diagnosis comes after years of treatment for epilepsy. (1) In a recent study of 164 patients diagnosed with PNES, 82% were readmitted to neurologic wards within the next 10 years. (2) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Getting patients to accept the diagnosis and appropriate treatment is possible, however. Depending on the severity of PNES' nearly ubiquitous psychiatric comorbidities, you may be able to defuse patients' anger by following protocols for presenting the PNES diagnosis, as described here. You can help PNES patients by: * differentiating PNES from other conditions * educating them to accept that psychological distress, not epilepsy, is causing their seizures * treating underlying psychiatric illness. CASE STUDY Is it epilepsy? Ms. P, age 61, is referred to a comprehensive epilepsy program for evaluation of unusual spells she's had since age 7 or 8. In childhood, the spells consisted of "spacey feelings" and epigastric discomfort. In her 30s she began to have other neurologic symptoms, such as numbness and tingling all over her body. At approximately age 50 she began experiencing confusional episodes lasting 1 to 2 minutes. A neurologist evaluated Ms. P after she had a spell while hospitalized for angiography at age 59. This spell consisted of left hand shaking and stiffness and inability to respond without loss of awareness. Her spells decreased briefly after she was prescribed topiramate, 100 mg bid, but became increasingly more frequent and severe. MRI indicated an abnormality of the right mesiotemporal lobe with subcortical cystic changes and slight atrophy. PET indicated subtle hypoperfusion of the right medial temporal lobe. She was referred to the epilepsy program with a diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy. Comorbid psychopathology is the rule Although the precise incidence of PNES is unknown (Box 1), (1,3,4) nearly 100% of PNES patients have a history of psychiatric illness (Table 1). (5) The most commonly reported Axis I diagnoses are: * somatoform or dissociative disorders * affective disorders * anxiety disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (1) Depression is independently associated with poor quality of life whether patients have epilepsy or PNES. (6) Maladaptive personalities. Personality disorders frequently are associated with PNES. (1) One systematic assessment of 45 PNES patients found that the most common personality presentation is not a single disorder but a confluence of maladaptive personality traits. (5) In addition to DSM-IV-TR criteria, researchers have used other standard psychological assessments to examine PNES patients' personality traits. Typical results on the most commonly applied instrument--the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2) (7)--show marked elevations on the hysteria and hypochondriasis scale and a less marked elevation on the depression scale, which forms the classic conversion V pattern. Nonconversion patterns also have been reported. (8) Studies conducted with the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) seem to confirm clusters of maladaptive personality styles among PNES patients. (7,8) Regardless of assessment technique, a PNES patient's personality tends to include emotional dysregulation and poor coping style. Reuber et al (2) found that PNES patients' outcomes may be correlated with different personality feature clusters. Patients who scored lower on the high-order personality dimensions--inhibitedness, emotional dysregulation, and compulsivity--had fewer psychiatric hospitalizations and were more likely to be seizure-free at follow-up. …


The reasearch aim is for analizing the influence of personality dimension "The Big Five Personality" towards ORGANIZATIONAL Citizenship Behavior (OCB) (Studi Case Of Student Affairs Employees At X University). Population of this research is all employees of X University and sample is the employees who are at student affairs unit (50 people). The data were collected by sharing the quesioner to 50 respondents. The analysis of this research is Partial Least Square Structural EQUTION Model (PLS-SEM). Analysis result of PLS-SEM is there is significant influence of personality dimension, "The Big Five Personality" among five personality dimensions, alturism has the highest significance.


The utility model discloses a decorate vase oil lamp, including a transparent vase form, padding formed by fruit, vegetable and juice arranged in the transparency vase, and a one-end-sealed transparent oil tube container entering from the transparent vase's bottleneck into the padding in the transparency vase. The transparent oil tube container with built-in fuel oil and a wick is sealed with the transparent vase's bottleneck. A hollow aluminums cover fastens the transparent oil tube container to the bottleneck of the transparent vase. Top of the aluminums cover is provided with a little hole for the wick. The utility model shows two different functions for one product that the utility model can be used to view as well as to illuminate. In addition, the viewing part and the illuminating part of the decorate vase oil lamp are separated and sealed from each other. The utility model has simple structure, low price, and wide market outlook.


1974, population change from 1974 to 1977, and city wealth index). The various combinations of numerators and denominators produce 20 separate indicators of strain used as different measures of the dependent variable for purposes of testing the model. According to Clark and Ferguson, the construction of a model that increases our knowledge of the sources or causes of strain necessitates dealing with political decision making (p. viii). After noting that "past work on fiscal policy has often dismissed politics as idiosyncratic and hence amenable to anecdotal treatment" (p. viii), they offer a systems analysis model of urban fiscal strain that posits specific linkages between the economic base, political decision making, and urban fiscal strain (chap. 1). Much of the remainder of the book (chaps. 4-8) is concerned with presenting a sound theoretical justification for inclusion of the independent variables in the model (i.e., citizen preferences, organized group activity, political leader attitudes, white ethnic and black power influence, municipal employee unions, tax preferences of the middle class, and migration) and testing the significance of each with the aid of data from the Permanent Community Sample (PCS) of 62 cities. Whereas this portion of the book would probably be of greatest interest to those concerned with theory-building, chapter 10 could be most appreciated by the practitioner, because it takes the knowledge obtained from the testing of the model and translates it into viable strategies aimed at reducing fiscal strain.


The PMR spectra of isomeric p-tolyl-thienyl carbonium ions and the corresponding carbinols were studied in order to compare the relative abilities of 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl and p-tolyl groups to stabilize a carbonium ion. The low field shifts in the ions relative to the neutral molecules are discussed in terms of positive charge delocalisation, as seen by a comparison with calculated π charge densities. Additionally, vicinal coupling constants fit a correlation with π bond order, but this applies only to the thienyl groups in the ionic species.


Few studies were focused on yield estimation of perennial fruit tree crops by integrating remotely-sensed information into crop models. This study presented an attempt to assimilate a single leaf area index (LAI) near to maximum vegetative development stages derived from Landsat satellite data into a calibrated WOFOST model to predict yields for jujube fruit trees at the field scale. Field experiments were conducted in three growth seasons to calibrate input parameters for WOFOST model, with a validated phenology error of −2, −3, and −3 days for emergence, flowering, and maturity, as well as an R2 of 0.986 and RMSE of 0.624 t ha−1 for total aboveground biomass (TAGP), R2 of 0.95 and RMSE of 0.19 m2 m−2 for LAI, respectively. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) showed better performance for LAI estimation than a Soil-adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), with a better agreement (R2 = 0.79) and prediction accuracy (RMSE = 0.17 m2 m−2). The assimilation after forcing LAI improved the yield prediction accuracy compared with unassimilated simulation and remotely sensed NDVI regression method, showing a R2 of 0.62 and RMSE of 0.74 t ha−1 for 2016, and R2 of 0.59 and RMSE of 0.87 t ha−1 for 2017. This research would provide a strategy to employ remotely sensed state variables and a crop growth model to improve field-scale yield estimates for fruit tree crops.


Stream option manager (SOM) is a set of mathematical tools developed at the MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD). While still under development, it holds the potential to provide modelers an automated capability for separation, sequencing, spacing and proper exit strategy of aircraft in en route airspace. SOM addresses all of these services in a single, integrated linear programming solution. SOM computes modified flight paths meeting all constraints while minimally deviating from preferred trajectories. A prototype implementation of SOM is being evaluated in several applications. These include (a) an automated generator of sector complexity metrics e.g., by measuring the number and magnitude of separation actions needed to resolve a given traffic situation, (b) a means of performing system-wide analyses of revised conflict resolution requirements, e.g., revised separation standards, and (c) an automated controller-surrogate for simulation studies. The SOM metrics are described, and example applications are presented.


Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology ¦ Volume 23 ¦ Issue 3 ¦ May-June 2020 395 3. Pothier DD, Rutka JA, Ranalli PJ. Double impairment: Clinical identification of 33 cases of cerebellar ataxia with bilateral vestibulopathy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012;146:804-8. 4. Szmulewicz DJ, Waterston JA, MacDougall HG, Mossman S, Chancellor AM, McLean CA, et al. Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS): A review of the clinical features and video-oculographic diagnosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011;1233:139-47. 5. Szmulewicz DJ, Roberts L, McLean CA, MacDougall HG, Michael Halmagyi G, Storey E. Proposed diagnostic criteria for cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Neurol Clin Pract 2016;6:61-8. 6. Szmulewicz DJ, McLean CA, MacDougall HG, Roberts L, Storey E, This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons


Objective To observe the autophagy of glioma cell induced by valproic acid (VPA) and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Human cerebral glioma cell line U87,T98G and SF295 treated with VPA were used in this study. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue staining. Cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry after PI staining. Autophagosome was observed under transmission electronic microscopy. The intensity of autophagy was analysed by monodansylcadaverine (MDC) fluorescent staining. The expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ,Beclin-1,p-Akt and p-p70S6K were measured by Western blotting and optical densitometry analysis after VPA treatment. Statistical analysis was performed by using student t-test (two tailed). The criterion for statistical significance was taken as P ≤ 0.05. Results The viability of human cerebral glioma cell line U87,T98G and SF295 were obviously inhibited after incubation with different concentrations of VPA,half of inhibition concentration (IC50) values were (2.45 ± 0.32),(4.78 ± 0.62) and (6.62 ± 0.95) mmol/L,respectively. VPA exhibited better cytotoxicity effect on human cerebral glioma cell line U87 (P 0.05). Autophagosomes and autolysosomes were observed in VPA-treated human cerebral glioma cell line U87 under transmission electronic microscopy. The intensity of autophagy was correlated with concentrations of VPA in glioma cell. The expression levels of related protein LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin-1 were elevated,while p-Akt and p-p70S6K were declined following VPA treatment in human cerebral glioma cell line U87. Conclusion VPA may induce autophagy in glioma cell. The mechanism may be related to the disruption of Akt signaling pathway.


This article proposes the design of a gripper that allows a soft grip through finite element analysis (FEA) for the manipulation of the Kent mango implemented in the KUKA KR3 AGILUS robotic arm. According to INEI, there was a 59.6% growth in mango production between 2018 and 2019 [1]. In this way, it was proposed to increase the efficiency in handling the mango during the classification processes in large quantities. Therefore, as the main objective, it is considered that, through an automated system during the post-harvest mango classification process, it is possible to raise production efficiency levels through continuous classification. Yonua by caliber and a pneumatic system adaptable to the geometric body of each mango. The ergonomics of this system is what makes it attractive, since the gripper to be used was designed and developed to perfectly fit the geometry of the Kent mango. For gripper actuation, that is, for each soft pneumatic actuator, it is necessary to evaluate the levels of necessary pressure that enter its channels. This in order to be able to support the weight of the mango when it is lifted from its conveyor belt. This evaluation will be influenced by simulation in the Abaqus-CAE software in a non-linearity study.


Paper presented at the World Library and Information Congress: 74th IFLA General Conference and Council, "Libraries without Borders: Navigating toward Global Understanding," August 10-14, 2008. Quebec, Canada.


This paper describes a circuit arrangement, design and construction of the power load composed of many pieces of thick film flanged resistors, which are serial-parallel connected so that the resulting combination showed the desired impedance-resistance, which may or may not be consistent with the resistance of individual components and, at the same time, it can be loaded with more power than a single component. The solution is given to the compensation circuit which increases several times the maximum frequency at which the load is applied.


iomimicry-looking to nature for engineering inspiration-is gaining new momentum as manufacturers search for more environmentally responsible and inexpensive ways to mike products with fewer materials. For example, the concept behind a selfcleaning leaf has been applied to a house paint made in Germany that is guaranteed to stay clean for five years without the use of detergents or sandblasters. After studying the composition of thousands of plant surfaces with a scanning electron microscope, German botanist Wilhelm Barthlott discovered that the leaves of the white lotus flower have tiny points on them, much like a bed of nails. When dirt falls on a leaf, it balances precariously on the leaf tips, failing to adhere to the surface. When water washes over the dirt, it is swept away. Other products that were inspired by nature and have been in use for a while are Velcro (based on the hooked tips of cockleburs) and hypodermic needle tips (shaped like rattlesnake fangs). Some organisms have evolved to solve their own water-treatment problems. For example, mangrove trees turn saltwater to freshwater, and barnacles eat by straining water. Understanding processes such as these can help wastewater-treatment engineers find clues for reducing mineral deposits on pipes at water-treatment facilities, thus eliminating the need for toxic chemicals. Researchers at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque are looking at abalone shells for ways to build structures more efficiently and with less pollution. Abalone shells are among the most durable materials in nature because they consist of alternating layers of hard and soft material. When a crack occurs in a hard layer, it is absorbed by a soft layer and does not spread. Some packaging already uses this layering technique, but its construction is polluting and energy-intensive. Scientists hope to use molecules of selfassembling, "smart" polymers that use repellent and attractive forces that can be arranged into layers with synthesized detergent molecules. Jeffrey Brinker, a senior scientist at Sandia, sums up the benefits of these new polymers (and important advantages to biomimicry): "They're more elegant and more efficient than traditional polymers. They are very cheap, clean, and there is no waste." -The New York Times, 11 December. (EX)


The development of rural basic education is of great significance for both the overall development of China's economy and the construction of new socialist countryside and harmonious society.Since the establishment of th PRC,especially since The 16th National Congress of the CPC,China's rural basic education has made great achievements.However,there are still many restraining factors existed in the development of basic education in rural areas,for example,rural basic education is weak,investment in education is inadequate, and the gap between rural and urban basic education is growing.Therefore,it is necessary to seek the scientific countermeasures and build the long-term mechanism of development and revitalization in order to promote the development of rural basic education.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of interventional embolization in huge hemangioma of auricle and to analyse its curative effects. Method Retrospective analysis about 5 cases of auricle large hemangioma in recent 3 years,preoperative line all patients underwent digital subtraction angiography(DSA), and were treated by intervention embolization successfully. The tumor shape,intraoperative bleeding, wound healing and complications were observed. Result After preoperative vascular embolization, 5 cases tumors had become smaller and darker. Within 48 h, 5 cases underwent surgical treatment. Less intraoperative bleeding(about 100 ml per case on average), well wound healing and no complications such as postoperative bleeding and hemiplegia. Conclusion The preoperative using of interventional embolization showed an excellent clinic effect on treatment of huge hemangioma of auricle.To huge hemangioma of auricle with rich blood supply,preoperative embolization could be reduce the operative bleeding efficiently, shorten the operation and improve the successful rate of operation.


Objective To observe the assisting effect of megestrol acetate on improving life quality of the patients suffering from advanced rectal cancer during Chemotherapy.Methods 143 cases sufferring from advanced rectal cancer admitted to the first affiliated hospital of Xin Jiang Medical University from June 2007 to December 2010 were cellected,and they were divided into control group treated only by chemotherapy and experiment group treated by chemotherapy combined with MPA.Appetite,weight,toxicum reaction and the whole body change of two groups were observed.Results 47 cases(64.4%) had an increase on appetite and 42 cases(57.5%) had an increase on weight in experiment group,while the numbers in control group were 10 cases(14.3%) and 6 cases(8.6%) respectively.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P=0.0001).53 cases(72.6%) improved on KPS in experiment group and 13 cases(18.6%) improved in control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P=0.0001).The difference of diarrhea incidence between the two groups was not statistically significant(P=0.304).The incidences of nausea and vomit,especially the nausea and vomit from stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ in experiment group were significantly lower than that in control group(P0.05).The differences in the decrease of haematoglobin,anemia from stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ,recovery time,decrease of leukocyte count,decrease of leukocyte count from stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ and recovery time between the two groups were statistically significant(P0.05).The differences of platelet count,platelet count from stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ and recovery time between the two groups were not statistically significant(P0.05).31 cases(42.5%) in experiment group had phalacrosis while 39 cases(55.7%) in control group had phalacrosis,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Megestrol acetate can reduce gastrointestinal side effects,increase appetite,and improve life quality during chemotherapy in patients with advanced stage rectal cancer.


AREVA NC Inc. (AREVA), under a contract from CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CH2M Hill), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AZ-101. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AREVA ultrasonic examinations. The purpose of this examination was to provide information that could be used to evaluate the integrity of the wall of the primary tank. The requirements for the ultrasonic examination of Tank 241-AZ-101 were to detect, characterize (identify, size, and locate), and record measurements made of any wall thinning, pitting, or cracks that might be present in the wall of the primary tank. Any measurements that exceed the requirements set forth in the Engineering Task Plan (ETP), RPP-Plan-27202 (Jensen 2005) and summarized on page 1 of this document, are to be reported to CH2M HILL and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for further evaluation. Under the contract with CH2M HILL, all data is to be recorded on electronic media and paper copies of all measurements are provided to PNNL for third-party evaluation. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AREVA ultrasonic examinations. The results of the examination of Tank 241-AZ-101 have been evaluated by PNNL personnel. The ultrasonic examination consisted of two vertical 15-in.-wide scan paths over the entire height of the tank and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of five vertical welds and one horizontal weld from Riser 89. The examination also included two vertical 15-in.-wide scan paths over the entire height of the tank from Riser 90. The examination was performed to detect any wall thinning, pitting, or cracking in the primary tank wall.


Evidence is presented, based on feeding tests, that vitamin A metabolism is adversely affected when meat meal having a vitamin A consuming power in vitro is included in the diet of chicks. Evidence is presented, based on feeding tests, that when fish meal having no vitamin A consuming power in vitro is fed to chicks in a basal ration which produces negligible mortality, the addition of such fish meal to the ration does not appreciably increase mortality. Evidence is presented, based on feeding tests, that when fish meal having a vitamin A consuming power in vitro is fed to chicks in a basal ration which produces negligible mortality, the addition of such fish meal to the ration causes appreciable mortality.


This article focuses on the problem of using large single crystals of type Ib synthetic diamond in single crystal and drilling tools. According to the literature review for the use of large diamonds in drilling equipment relevant conditions. The is shown possible negative effects of the temperature load on the diamond single crystal. The is presented developed technique for estimating the static strength of large diamond single crystals. It has been shown that microcrystals in the form of octahedra and cubes are formed as a result of heat treatment on the surface of synthetic diamond single crystals. The results of studies of the strength of large single crystals of synthetic diamonds of millimeter size are shown. In contrast to the classical approach, when IIb crystals are used for the production of drilling equipment, we present Ib crystals because they are closer to natural diamond in terms of physical and mechanical properties. The static strength criterion was used to assess the strength. It has been shown that crystals with a size of 1000 ... 1100 μm have a higher value of static strength than crystals with a size of 1200 μm and larger.


Background: Cigarette smoke contains various oxygen-free radicals which are considered as the main causes of damage to biomolecules when exposed to cigarette smoke. Saliva is the first biological fluid that encounters inhaled cigarette smoke (CS) and has an antioxidant defense system able to counter toxic activities of free radical species. So, the aim of this study was to compare the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in saliva of smokers and nonsmokers. Materials and methods: Unstimulated saliva of 200 males (100 smokers and 100 nonsmokers) was collected. The saliva was centrifuged and the activity of salivary superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was measured according to a specific assay. Results: The mean value of superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the smoking group than in the nonsmoker group, while the levels of GSH-Px activity was significantly higher in the nonsmoking group than in the smoking group. Conclusion: Cigarette smoke leads to an alteration in salivary antioxidant activity. Evaluating the variations in the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) in smoker's saliva might be useful for estimating the level of oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoke. Thus, it may help in patient's education regarding the ill-effects of smoking and determining the evolution and progress of various oral diseases.


X-ray radiation source (2), the wall portion of the X-ray tube (21) of the housing (51), the opposing wall portions (51b) formed of a glass containing the base by applying a negative high voltage filament ( 52) and the field control electrode (71) therebetween. , An electric field can be suppressed in the opposite wall portion (51b) by this structure, thereby suppressing the precipitation of alkali ions from the glass. Therefore, change in the potential relationship between the electrodes of different potentials can be suppressed filament (52), or a gate (53), a target (54) or the like, does not occur can not maintain a desired amount of X-rays or the like inconvenience, which can maintain stable operation.


Selective college admissions are fundamentally a question of tradeoffs: Given capacity, admitting one student means rejecting another. Research to date has generally estimated average effects of college selectivity, and has been unable to distinguish between the effects on students gaining access and on those losing access under alternative admissions policies. We use the introduction of the Top Ten Percent rule and administrative data from the State of Texas to estimate the effect of access to a selective college on student graduation and earnings outcomes. We estimate separate effects on two groups of students. The first--highly ranked students at schools which previously sent few students to the flagship university--gain access due to the policy; the second--students outside the top tier at traditional "feeder" high schools--tend to lose access. We find that students in the first group see increases in college enrollment and graduation with some evidence of positive earnings gains 7-9 years after college. In contrast, students in the second group attend less selective colleges but do not see declines in overall college enrollment, graduation, or earnings. The Top Ten Percent rule, introduced for equity reasons, thus also seems to have improved efficiency. Sandra E. Black Department of Economics and School of International and Public Affairs Columbia University 1022 International Affairs Building 420 West 118th Street New York, NY 10027 and IZA and also NBER firstname.lastname@example.com Jeffrey T. Denning Department of Economics Brigham Young University 165 FOB Provo, UT 84602 email@example.com Jesse Rothstein Goldman School of Public Policy and Department of Economics University of California, Berkeley 2607 Hearst Avenue #7320 Berkeley, CA 94720-7320 and NBER firstname.lastname@example.com


BACKGROUND
To assess the early and mid-term functional outcomes of Endoscopic Robot Assisted Simple Enucleation (ERASE) verified through a standardized tumor-resection reporting system (Surface Intermediate Base -SIB- score) and to investigate for predictors of renal function (RF) loss in patients with T1 renal tumors treated in a tertiary referral institution.

METHODS
Data of 553 patients treated with ERASE were analysed. Only patients with SIB score of 0-1 and negative oncological follow-up were included. A ≥25% drop from baseline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was considered as a clinically meaningful functional loss. Multivariable regression models tested the relation between clinical features and RF loss at 3rd post- operative day (POD) and at last follow-up.

RESULTS
Overall, 347 patients with SIB 0-1 entered the study. A RF drop ≥25% was observed in 178 (37%) patients in 3rd POD and in 91 (18.9%) patients at a median follow-up of 36 months, respectively. At multivariable analysis, age at surgery and PADUA score were significant predictive factors of clinically significant RF loss at 3rd POD, while age at surgery, female gender, higher BMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and pre-operative eGFR were significant predictors of RF loss at last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Age at surgery and higher PADUA score are significant predictors of early post- operative RF loss after ERASE for T1 renal tumors, while age at surgery, female gender, higher BMI,CCI and baseline RF significantly affect mid-term RF. Larger studies and a longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results.


The present situation of the research and development of piezoelectric inchworm actuator was introduced,and some typical examples were given.The domains of application of piezoelectric inchworm actuator were described.In the end,the problems and key techniques of piezoelectric inchworm actuator on aspects of design,materials and control etc.were pointed out in this paper.


Natural vibration of a beam with mass eccentricity is difficult to deal with using numerical methods,such as,the finite element method. Considering the coupling effect caused by the center of mass not coinciding with the center of geometry,the mathematical model of a Timoshenko beam's flexural-longitudinal coupled vibration was established,the corresponding characteristic equation was derived. Then the analytic solutions to Timoshenko beam's flexural-longitudinal coupled natural vibration under several mass eccentric conditions were deduced. The effect laws of eccentricities and boundary conditions on the natural frequencies and modal shapes of flexural-longitudinal coupled natural vibration were explored. The results showed that the natural frequencies decrease with increase in eccentricity,and the effects of eccentricity on the longitudinal vibration are more obvious than those on the flexural vibration.


Saltwater intrusion becomes a common problem in coastal area. Northern coast of Bengkalis Island in Riau, Indonesia that contiguously to Malacca Strait is experiencing the problem particularly in Selat Baru area which considered as developing area and most of the people live close to the sea. Dug well is the main source of groundwater that had been used by the population in Selat Baru and as the increasing of land occupation, the demand of clean water is rising up followed by the number of dug well. A study of groundwater monitoring was conducted to identify the zone of saltwater intrusion. Field observation had done by measuring the water level and physical parameters of groundwater such as taste, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solid (TDS) from 110 existing dug wells. Some conus feature had found from groundwater elevation map which indicated lower water level caused by excessive groundwater pumping. Generally, pH shows values from 6-8 that was still in range of water quality standard, but there are 20 wells (18%) that have pH below the water quality standard (slightly acidic water). Similar pattern had been observed from Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) map, higher value of EC and TDS was dominant in the northern part of study area and lower value in the south. Groundwater taste map also revealed the identical condition with EC and TDS map which dominated by brackish and saline water in the northern part. Therefore, the study area had been divided into two zones of groundwater saline water zone possibly caused by the saltwater intrusion in the northern part and freshwater zone from the center to the southern part.


This report documents a review by the staff of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (Board) of the air pulse agitators for the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) at the Savannah River Site. Staff members D. Eyler and M. Duncan and outside expert L. Miller visited the site during the week of March 30,2009, to review the design, testing, and safety-related controls associated with the air pulse agitators. This review included meetings with representatives from the Department of Energy-Savannah River Operations Office (DOE-SR) and Parsons, the engineering, procurement, and construction contractor. Subsequently, during April to July 2009, several discussions were held via telephone and on site regarding the need for safety controls related to the operation of the air pulse agitators.


In this study, we examine the trading activity and volatility of stocks influenced by the US Securities and Exchange Commission's pilot program that increased tick sizes for various samples of stocks. The objective of the program is to examine possible improvements to the market quality of small-cap stocks, which have historically been less liquid than larger-cap stocks. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that, relative to control stocks, the trading activity of pilot stocks does not appear to be meaningfully affected by the increase in tick sizes. Volatility, however, increases markedly for the pilot stocks vis-à-vis other stocks. These results are robust to the different sets of pilot stocks, various rollout periods, and different control groups.


A fuzzy identification method for nonlinear systems is suggested based on a new fuzzy model and weighted recursive least square algorithm (WRLSA). The new fuzzy system with interpolating capability extracts fuzzy rules of MISO system from input_output sample data through learning, and inherits many merits from Sugeno_type models and their variations. Through using suitable fuzzy membership function, the identified fuzzy model can be described by several local linear models. And finally, WRLSA is used to fit these linear models. The new fuzzy identification algorithm is proposed. To demonstrate availability of the identification method, the well_known Box_Jenkins data set is also identified.


Core adjuster assemblies, has a pin attaching end and a locking end, the adjuster body including a lock cavity (lock cavity) formed by the central length of the through-direction bore and the outer circumferential face, is formed at the end of the rod length of the center moving the slider body, the first locking member disposed in the lock cavity are movable at a fixed position from a moved position, and is coupled to the regulator body and the first locking member, said first locking member arranged in the direction of the bore location and and a second locking member adapted to maintain at a fixed position.


Team Entrepreneurship : A Process Analysis of the Venture Team and the Venture Team Roles in relation to the Innovation Process


Expression of c‐Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and the biological roles of HGF were examined in cultured human glioma cells. All of the 5 glioma cell lines examined expressed c‐Met protein as well as the c‐met gene. Expression of the c‐met gene was also confirmed in a glioblastoma tissue. Three cell lines (MGM‐3, U251, KG‐I‐C) demonstrated chemotactic response to HGF in a dose‐dependent manner. The response was not only chemotactic but also chemokinetic as judged by a checkerboard analysis. The amounts of c‐Met mRNA and protein were abundant in the cell lines which showed a migratory response to HGF. Moreover, c‐Met protein expression was highest in U251 with the highest migratory response to HGF. Among the cell lines, KG‐I‐C produced notable amounts of HGF protein as well as of c‐Met, suggesting that HGF may act in an autocrine fashion in this case. HGF did not act as an apparent growth factor in the glioma cell lines examined. Furthermore, HGF stimulated the production of metalloproteinase, probably gelatinase A, in U251 cells. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We consider the radiative feedback processes that operate during the formation of the first stars. (1) Photodissociation of H2 in the local dark matter minihalo occurs early in the growth of the protostar but does not affect subsequent accretion. (2) Lyα radiation pressure acting at the boundary of the H II region that the protostar creates in the accreting envelope reverses infall in the polar directions when the star reaches ~20-30 M☉ but cannot prevent infall from other directions. (3) Expansion of the H II region beyond the gravitational escape radius for ionized gas occurs at masses ~50-100 M☉. However, accretion from the equatorial regions can continue since the neutral accretion disk shields a substantial fraction of the accretion envelope from direct ionizing flux. (4) At higher stellar masses, ~140 M☉ in the fiducial case, photoevaporation-driven mass loss from the disk, together with declining accretion rates, halts the increase in the protostellar mass. We identify this process as the mechanism that determines the mass of Population III.1 stars (i.e., stars with primordial composition that have not been affected by prior star formation). The initial mass function of these stars is set by the distribution of entropy and angular momentum. The Appendix gives approximate solutions to a number of problems relevant to the formation of the first stars: the effect of Rayleigh scattering on line profiles in media of very large optical depth, the intensity of Lyα radiation in very opaque media, radiative acceleration in terms of the gradient of a modified radiation pressure, the flux of radiation in a shell with an arbitrary distribution of opacity, and the vertical structure of an accretion disk supported by gas pressure with constant opacity.


neal cavity as treatment of small volume residual advanced ovarian cancer could only realistically favorably impact patients with microscopic or very limited volume macroscopic cancer (following an attempt at primary maximal surgical cytoreduction) [1] . This conclusion resulted from the observation that the extent of direct tissue penetration of antineoplastic agents (such as cisplatin) following regional delivery was limited to a maximum of only a few millimeters from the surface. However, in a retrospective review of a landmark phase 3 randomized trial that compared intraperitoneal to intravenous cisplatin in this clinical setting it was revealed that regional drug delivery to patients who initiated treatment with a single tumor mass of between 0.5 and 1.5 cm in maximal diameter achieved at least as much relative benefit from this strategy (when compared to systemic administration) as women who had only microscopic residual cancer [1, 2] . (Note: This outcome may be hypothesized to result from the fact patients are treated with multiple drug instillations over several months, rather than a single treatment, with each treatment reducing the total volume of cancer to be treated with subsequent treatments.) Thus, this analysis challenged the existing 'conventional' thinking in this area, prompting investigators to explore therapy in the setting of larger volume cancer. The superiority of prospective clinical trial data in the quality of evidence provided to permit a meaningful conclusion is well recognized. In addition to the inherent difficulty of being certain all relevant information has been captured in a retrospective review of trials or previously existing databases when there was no previous intent to obtain the specific data in question, there is always the concern that patients inadvertently or intentionally may not have been included in the analysis or reasons for the decision to employ (or not employ) particular management strategies may not have been clearly discussed or even mentioned in the medical records. Assuming a prospective analysis has been optimally considered and undertaken, the decision regarding what is relevant information to collect and review in a given study will have been decided prior to the initiation of the research. Further, at least in theory, such data will be obtained on all patients, and if not available an appropriate explanation for its absence should be provided. However, despite these serious limitations, it is relevant to acknowledge the potential for retrospective studies to serve a critical role in hypothesis generation or as data to support or refute existing clinical paradigms or explanations for observed outcomes. For example, 'conventional wisdom' appeared to declare that administering cisplatin directly into the peritoPublished online: September 18, 2012


Danger of pollution of water areas of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait from possible technogenic catastrophes is diagnosed as a result of comparison of wind power calculations and the current state of coast of the gulf. Ideas of a uniform West Temryuk stream of deposits are disproved. Three dynamic systems in the east and in the center of a coastal arch and the unidirectional alongshore stream of pollutants and energy in the western segment of the Temryuk gulf are revealed. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 12


OF THE IDISCILOSURE A method is disclosed for forming monCammonium phosphate by reacting phosphoric acid and ammonia. The phosphoric acid is introduced into the Ireaction Zone un der a pressure of atleast 50 psig. The ammonia is under Sufficient pressure to be maintained in the Iliquid State. The resulting compound is impelled through Space in Such a manner as to Solidify and forma granularproduct.


Keynote address at Georgia Tech's Digital Media Program - Yesterday and Today, a full day symposium, Monday, April 16, 2012, Technology Square Research Building (TSRB) Auditorium


Statistical analysis of relatively large samples of Faraday rotation measurements of radio sources seen through clusters of galaxies recently led Kim, Tribble, & Kronberg to conclude that magnetic fields of microgauss strength were present in clusters of galaxies. Expanding the analysis, we have checked these samples for the possible effects of Galactic contamination, of a selection bias due to inclusion of cluster sources into the test sample, and of cooling flows. We find no statistically significant evidence that the seemingly loose selection criteria affected the results. Through comparisons of the likely spatial distributions of the fields and relativistic electrons, detailed relations are obtained between field values derived from Faraday rotation, and combined ratio and high-energy X measurements


In this paper, we evaluated adaptive frame length switching algorithms for the enhanced uplink dedicated channel in UMTS. Different alternatives to achieve the frame switching are presented and discussed accompanied by results from simulated system throughput performance. Moreover, we also discussed the implementation issue associated with avoiding ping-pong effect caused by mobile movement. Dynamic system simulation was performed and it showed 10% improvement by switching between 2 ms and 10 ms TTI (frame) transport channels for EDCH with different threshold selection. The results show that the adaptive switching based on the user geometry with ping-pong avoidance has the most performance gain over fixed TTI system


In order to obtain the initial video objects from the video sequences, an improved initial video object extraction algorithm based on motion connectivity is proposed. Moving objects in video sequences are highly connected and structured, which makes motion connectivity an advanced feature for segmentation. Accordingly, after sharp noise elimination, the cumulated difference image, which exhibits the coherent motion of the moving object, is adaptively thresholded. Then the maximal connected region is labeled, post-processed and output as the final segmenting mask. Hence the initial video object is effectively extracted. Comparative experimental results show that the proposed algorithm extracts the initial video object automatically, promptly and properly, thereby achieving satisfactory subjective and objective performance.


Abstract Many perovskites go through transitions caused by the condensation of zone boundary modes in which the octahedra rotate around axes parallel to 〈100〉 of the cubic high-temperature phase. Some phase transitions are caused by the condensation of ferroelectric zone centre modes as well as by these octahedral rotational modes. A phenomenological theory of such ferroelectrics is presented, based on Landau's theory of second-order or continuous phase transitions, and the postulated free energy expansion is applied to the NaNbO3–KNbO3 system. The phase diagram is calculated and compared with experiment.


Background: Many diseases, including cancer, ischemia and tumors show degrees of tissue hypoxia. Therefore, it is useful to detect tissue hypoxia with compounds that can penetrate and remain in hypoxic cells in order to diagnose cancer at early stages. Peptides with low molecular weight, susceptible to redox environment, with easier penetration into tissues and low antigenic characteristics are good candidates, as compared to antibodies and proteins. Therefore, radiolabeling small lipophilic peptides containing a nitro group with Tc to enter and remain in the hypoxic cell for imaging hypoxic tissue is a good strategy for earlier detection of tumors, which leads to more effective and satisfactory treatment. Materials and Methods: In this study, some tripeptides were synthesized with added para nitro benzoic acid (PNBA) group at their N-terminal using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) method with Fmoc strategy using Wang resin. The peptides were labeled with Tc and their characterizations were determined using chromatographic techniques and partition coefficient experiments. A hypoxia Jar system was used to examine cellular uptake of the labeled peptides exposed to MCF-7 cells in normal and hypoxic conditions for 30 to 120 min. Results: Synthesis of the peptides resulted in good yields (70% to 78%). The synthesized peptides and radiopeptides were stable in normal saline and human plasma for at least 4 h and 6 h, respectively. Radiochemical purity (RCP) of the synthesized labeled peptides was ≈94% with lipophilicity (Log P) ≈-0.006. Furthermore, labeled peptides exposed to MCF-7 cells could remain in hypoxic cells longer than those in normal cells. Conclusion: Considering the results obtained in this study, the peptide derivatives labeled with Tc, appear to be appropriate agents for the detection and imaging of hypoxic tissues.


Background: The use of pleuroscopy has expanded over the last decade due to its higher diagnostic yield and low complications rate. Whether the infectious complications of pleuroscopy performed in negative pressure rooms is similar to that of pleuroscopy performed in positive pressure rooms remain unclear. To assess the safety of pleuroscopy performed in negative pressure rooms, we sought to determine the rate of infectious complications in patients who underwent pleuroscopy in negative pressure bronchoscopy rooms at our institution. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent pleuroscopy in our institution's negative pressure bronchoscopy rooms between January 2005 and January 2018. The primary outcome was the incidence of infectious complications at 14 and 30 days after the procedure. Results: We identified 318 patients. Of the 318 patients, 47 (15%) had hematological malignancies, 118 (37%) had lung cancer, 121 (38%) had solid non–lung cancers, and 32 (10%) had no cancer diagnosis before the procedure. At the end of pleuroscopy, 255 patients (80%) had an indwelling pleural catheter placed, 63 patients (20%) had only a chest tube placed, and 31 patients (9%) had both an indwelling pleural catheter and chest tube placed. No patients developed empyema within 14 days. Three patients (0.9%) developed empyema within 30 days after the procedure and was presumed to be due to pleural catheter infection in all cases. Conclusion: Our findings show that pleuroscopy performed in negative pressure rooms has a low incidence of infectious complications, provided that proper sterile precautions are maintained.


We analyze several optimal transportation problems between de-terminantal point processes. We show how to estimate some of the distances between distributions of DPP they induce. We then apply these results to evaluate the accuracy of a new and fast DPP simulation algorithm. We can now simulate in a reasonable amount of time more than ten thousands points.


Letter from Joy Lewis to Lynne Carlson discussing the setting up and cost of a bronze statue. Included are sketches and blueprints of the potential statue.


The authors characterize the performance of a multiple-dwell FHSS (frequency-hopping spread-spectrum) code synchronization scheme in the presence of channel dynamics. Random hop jamming is assumed. The coarse acquisition system uses both passive and active correlation to implement a serial search of the code-uncertainty region. The in-lock monitoring is accomplished using a two-dwell active correlator with a relatively long integration time. Both burst- and continuous-mode communications links are considered. Appropriate performance parameters are developed, and design considerations are discussed. Performance curves are given for the various cases considered. Although a fixed-threshold multiple-dwell synchronization scheme adequately mitigates the effects of dynamic jamming in a continuous-mode communications link, it is shown to be inadequate for a burst-mode communications link.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT This is a comprehensive text on epilepsy that is well referenced and clinically oriented. The text begins with a discussion of the role of the family physician in increasing the patient's opportunities to function normally, followed by a well-done chapter on epidemiology. The section on seizure disorders in children carries an expanded portion on febrile seizures, their implications, and preferred treatment. The neurology of epilepsy contains a description of the classification of seizures, each seizure type, and the differential diagnosis and workup of seizure disorders. Complex partial seizures and posttraumatic epilepsy receive in-depth treatment.Electroencephalography is analyzed with reference to both its usefulness and limitations. Special recording modalities such as telemetry and chronically implanted electrodes lead into a discussion of methods of monitoring patients via closed-circuit television. The overlap between psychiatry and neurology where they apply to the understanding of epilepsy is thoroughly treated, and the usefulness of neuropsychological evaluation


T2DM and cognition disability are also very common diseases around the world. While the diabetes of variant type 2 is linked to an increased incidence of dementia, there is little understanding of the correlation between the two conditions, and Clinicians can be guided little by recommendations for treating cognitive disability in diabetes patients. A body of corroborationmanifestate that insulin resistance, root cause for diabetes, also plays a major ramification in Alzheimer's disease.Diabetic lifestyle awareness and risk management are important to prevent cognitive issues. This paper provides a comprehensive study of diabetes' relationship with cognitive dysfunction, and also the emerging approaches are essential to both identification and treatment, and control as well as cognitive disabilities in those with diabetes. Significant associations were found in the T2D-MCI population between memory and insulin medication (immediate recall), complicated figure copy, and attention.This case-control study investigated an association between the form of diabetes known as type 2 and minor cognitive impairment, and the prevalence in non-diabetics and type 2 diabetics of mild cognitive impairment. There is a conceptual framework to deal with screening and treatment and future research guidelines to guide the field.


To provide a manufacturing method and use of the microspheres for treating an ocular condition. A present disclosure relates to biodegradable microspheres having a diameter of 200μm from 40μm to be effectively retained in the anterior chamber without causing congestion. The microspheres typically contain effective agents in the treatment of ophthalmic conditions, and adopt the anterior sustained release pharmaceutical agent that is subjected to the administration of the tufts (> 7 days). The microsphere preparation and use for treating an ocular condition is disclosed. .BACKGROUND


Whisker growth on electroplated tin finishes may cause failures in electronic equipment. Although the mechanism for whisker growth is not understood in all details, different environmental conditions promote whisker growth in tin plated on Cu-based substrates and tin plated on FeNi42. In FeNi42 leadframes the thermal mismatch of tin and FeNi42 most likely promotes whisker formation and growth. This is the first systematic investigation of various temperature cycling conditions on whisker growth rates in Sn on FeNi42. The results indicate a decay of the growth rate with the number of cycles and/or whisker length and a linear relationship between whisker length and /spl Delta/T. In addition, second level assembly appears to reduce the maximum whisker length for a given environmental condition.


Objective: To assess the treament compliance of patients with type 2 diabetes at My Xuyen District's Medical Center. Subjects and methods: Study of description and analysis on 385 medical records of diabetes at My Xuyen District's Medical Center, from November 2019 to March 2020. Results: The proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes in women accounted for 64.4%, men accounted for 35.6%, with the average age of 60.0 ± 10.0 years old, the largest age was 92 and the smallest age was 40. Mainly, having 4–7 years of treatment for type 2 diabetes with the rate of 24.9%, patients treated from 1-3 years and >11 years both accounted for 23.6%. Patients treated for 8-11 years was 18.4%. The group of patients with treatment period <1 year and >6 months had the lowest rate, accounting for about 9.4%. There were 71.2% of patients complying well with treatment, the remaining 28.8% of patients surveyed poor compliance. Causes of non-compliance: 67.6% of pateints forgot to take medicine, 43.2% of pateints was too busy with work or family, 25.2% with afraid of side effects of drugs such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. flow, headache, fatigue... Other causes of non-compliance were due to high cost of drugs (17.1%), too many drugs (36.0%), many times to take drugs during days (15.3%). Patients who showed no interest in taking medicines that have been prescribed (22.5%). 22.5% of patients admitted that their poor compliance was due to other reasons. Conclusion: There were 71.2% of patients complying well with treatment, the remaining 28.8% of patients were surveyed poor compliance. The main reasons for non-compliance were due to forgetting to take medicine (67.6%), 43.2% of pateints were too busy with work or family, 25.2% of patients were afraid of the side effects of drugs such as stomachache, diarrhea, headache, fatigue...


This article will examine depictions of the zenana and pardah in Hindi and Euro-American cinema. The zenana was the 'women's courts' or 'female quarters of the palace' in Indian princely states where aristocratic and royal women, as well as their attendants, lived behind pardah (literally translating as the 'veil' or 'curtain') in partial seclusion. Until India's Independence, there were between five and six hundred semi-autonomous kingdoms or princely states of varying religious (Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist and Sikh) and ethnic backgrounds; many of which had their own zenana courts. Early twentieth-century Bombay film houses were influenced by regional cinematic traditions, which themselves had adapted the courtly culture of nautch dance and music associated with zenana courts. In certain cases, Hindi films were shot in the palaces of former princely states and were produced and directed by princely scions. In the decades following Independence, films such as Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Pakeezah (1972) and Umrao Jaan (1981) became megahits, popularizing a romanticized nostalgia for a pre-Partition Indo-Islamic history and the splendour of a lost princely past. With the liberalization of the Indian economy after the 1990s, zenana films have come to express a reinvigorated nationalism, as illustrative of the past, but reflective of a millennial present with films such as Jodhaa Akbar (2008). At the same time, Euro-American cinema, particularly the work of Merchant Ivory, has created lush period piece dramas on princely India and the zenana, such as Autobiography of a Princess (1975) and Hullabaloo Over Georgie And Bonnie's Pictures (1978). I will also investigate the ways in which these Merchant Ivory portraits replay old colonial pathologies in branding zenana women as submissive and silenced while employing the language of another form of nostalgia: Euro-American longings for the high noon of the British Raj.


Portfolios can involve learners as active collaborators in documenting and monitoring their own progress and in identifying their learning goals,and facilitate their self-access language learning.Based on the theoretical background and the practice of portfolio in the listening course of three classes of English majors(90 students),this paper attempts to argue for the feasibility and effectiveness of the use of portfolio in listening course for English majors as an effective assessment method and a model that can facilitate students'self-access language learning so as to improve their listening proficiency.


This paper tested a conceptual framework which identifies the perceptions, adherence to safety and health standards, and behaviours of employees towards work-related health and safety as correlates of overall employee health and safety awareness. The study was conducted using data collected from a purposively selected sample of 165 employees from a multinational steel processing company based in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The strength of associations between constructs was tested using Pearson correlations. Predictions between the dependant and independent constructs were tested using regression analysis. Correlation analyses showed moderate to strong positive associations between the constructs. Regression analysis showed that all three independent variables, namely perceptions, adherence and behaviours of employees towards work-related safety and health issues significantly predict their overall health and safety awareness. The study is significant in that its results may be used by managers in the steel industry in their analyses of the role played by employees in the diagnosis of work-related health and safety challenges


This essay traces the ways in which damaged bodies function as readable traumatic testimonies of gendered and racialized postcolonial violence in Somalia. Characters in Nuruddin Farah's Maps read and learn from each other's marked bodies while simultaneously instructing the novel's reader on how to read the narrative. The novel represents traumatic suffering in images of bodily illness and mutilation to signify hypochondriacal responses to the psychic violence that accompanies the physical violation wrought by neocolonialism. Characters' bodies transgress patriarchal gender role and geographical boundaries, dismantling established constructions of postcolonial nation and personhood. Postcolonial motherhood becomes a new kind of subjectivity that transgresses both anatomical and national borders. As testimony, the narratives and marked bodies in Maps signify social change by suggesting new kinds of bodies rather than by reiterating the established alignment of birth and motherhood with the emerging nation. They suggest new ways of reading Anglophone African postcolonial literatures.


The efficiency of various heteropoly compounds as well-known solid acids is investigated for the three-component condensation reaction of an aldehyde, b-ketoester and urea to afford the dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM). Compared to the classical Biginelli reaction conditions, this new method consistently has the advantage of excellent yields and short reaction time. The objective of this study is the use of Keggin heteropolyacid (HPAs) noted H3PMo12O40 and its ammonium salts H3-2xCuxPMo12O40 and (NH4)3-2xCuxPMo12O40 in Biginelli cyclocondensation reaction using: benzaldehyde, acetoacetate and urea with ratio (2:2:3) [3]. After synthesis, the prepared catalysts were characterized by: BET surface area, X- ray diffraction, Infra-red spectroscopy and DHPM by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR. The reaction results show that H3PMo12O40 is the best catalyst in our reaction conditions with an excellent yield around 94% which can be explained by significantly higher Brønsted acidity compared to that of traditional mineral catalysts. In the other hand, other excellent yields have been obtained in the presence of Cu0.25H2,50PMo12O40 and (NH4)3,00Cu0,00PMo12O40 89% and 59% respectively. Please use 14-point bold for your article title, with an initial capital letter for any proper nouns.


A locally conformally K\"ahler (lcK) manifold is a complex manifold $(M,J)$ together with a Hermitian metric $g$ which is conformal to a K\"ahler metric in the neighbourhood of each point. In this paper we obtain three classification results in locally conformally K\"ahler geometry. The first one is the classification of conformal classes on compact manifolds containing two non-homothetic K\"ahler metrics. The second one is the classification of compact Einstein locally conformally K\"ahler manifolds. The third result is the classification of the possible (restricted) Riemannian holonomy groups of compact locally conformally K\"ahler manifolds. We show that every locally (but not globally) conformally K\"ahler compact manifold of dimension $2n$ has holonomy $\mathrm{SO}(2n)$, unless it is Vaisman, in which case it has restricted holonomy $\mathrm{SO}(2n-1)$. We also show that the restricted holonomy of a proper globally conformally K\"ahler compact manifold of dimension $2n$ is either $\mathrm{SO}(2n)$, or $\mathrm{SO}(2n-1)$, or $\mathrm{U}(n)$, and we give the complete description of the possible solutions in the last two cases.


Given a text T of length n and a pattern P of length m, the approximate pattern matching problem asks for computation of a particular distance function between P and every m-substring of T . We consider a (1± ε) multiplicative approximation variant of this problem, for `p distance function. In this paper, we describe two (1 + ε)-approximate algorithms with a runtime of Õ( n ε ) for all (constant) non-negative values of p. For constant p ≥ 1 we show a deterministic (1+ε)-approximation algorithm. Previously, such run time was known only for the case of `1 distance, by Gawrychowski and Uznański [ICALP 2018] and only with a randomized algorithm. For constant 0 ≤ p ≤ 1 we show a randomized algorithm for the `p, thereby providing a smooth tradeoff between algorithms of Kopelowitz and Porat [FOCS 2015, SOSA 2018] for Hamming distance (case of p = 0) and of Gawrychowski and Uznański for `1 distance. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Design and analysis of algorithms


A major effort has been devoted to the measurement of interfacial tension via drop shape analysis and to the titration of residual emulsifier. The strengths and weaknesses of these tests have been identified and resulted in practical guidelines for their use. A number of laboratory emulsification trials performed with various binders and emulsifiers confirmed the importance of particle size distribution and residual emulsifier content for key emulsion properties such as the breaking index and storage stability. It could be shown that, under fixed manufacturing conditions, particle size distribution seems indeed to be essentially governed by interfacial tension and binder viscosity. It seems however that the prediction of the residual amount of emulsifier (from interfacial data and the total developed surface of the binder droplets) is not possible at this stage. This is likely to be due to the fact that a certain fraction of the emulsifier may also get trapped inside the binder during the emulsification process.


ABO blood groups, secretor factor, Rh-factor, and PTC taste ability have been examined in 360 individuals of Bahawalpuri population of Patiala. B and O blood groups are more frequent (44.46% & 31.36% respectively). Frequency of secretors (84.72%) outweighs that of nonsecretors (15.28%). All the individuals have been found to belong to Rh--ve type. High incidence of nontasters (55.55%) has been seen. Genes r, Se, D, and t are found to be most frequent in the population.


Overview "Change before you have to" – suits well to the forthcoming curricular reforms from 2019 academic year for Undergraduate Medical education of our country. A shift from traditional to competency based curriculum was warranted in order to ensure competent health professionals as first contact physicians; a long lost glory of health care system of our country. The palpable need was realized unanimously for quite some time, backed by the vast expanse of literature advocating its necessity. The Proposed Graduate Medical Education regulation2019 is a giant leap to actualize the theory of Indian Medical Graduate – IMG as envisaged by Medical Council of India. A competent IMG, identified on the basis of being competent in performing five roles; namely Clinician, Leader & member of Health care team, Communicator, Lifelong learner and Professional are analogous to the roles identified by Medical graduates in Canada (CanMeds), US (ACGME) & UK (GMC). A total of 35 competencies are identified against each role and subsequently translated into subject specific competencies for deciphering the significance of various subjects in a medical curriculum. Professional competence is characterized by habitual and judicious use of communication, knowledge, technical skills, clinical reasoning, emotions, attitudes, values, attitudes and reflections. Besides knowledge, right set of skills and attitude are vital characteristics of a competent health professional, hence; AETCOM (Attitude, Ethics and Communication) module also finds its rightful place within the revised curriculum.


When considering the location of a newly developed biospecimen repository, the pathology department is a logical and reasonable site in which to locate this facility. However, biospecimen repositories, also known as biorepositories or biobanks, have not usually been developed along centralized lines, and therefore the establishment of a new biorepository in light of several existing (satellite) biobanks may be somewhat challenging. The goal of this chapter is to explore the role of the pathology department in the management of biospecimens, discuss specific needs regarding specimen type, and explore the relationship between satellite versus central banks and ways in which to streamline this process.


Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments are performed to study the intercalation of oxygen and nitrogen at different partial gas pressur...


When a California retail merchant seeks to dispose of his stock in trade and trade equipment in conjunction with going out of business, a number of laws pertaining to "bulk" sales may be brought to bear.' The major purpose of these laws, as is the case with bulk sales laws generally, is to afford the merchant's creditors an opportunity to satisfy their claims before the merchant can transfer his assets to a bona fide purchaser and vanish with the proceeds of the sale.2 This article will consider some of the problems created by these laws in operation in California and certain desirable changes therein, including the changes proposed by enactment in California of the Uniform Commercial Code.


One manner in which Presidents attempt to have an enduring policy influence is through the appointment of like-minded justices to the Supreme Court. This article empirically examines Dahl's (1957) hypothesis that justices actually support the policy preferences of the Presidents who appoint them. We study concordance with new data for measuring presidential preferences in the domains of social and economic policy and by incorporating the notion of judicial change over time. We measure presidential preferences for the modern Presidents, Franklin Roosevelt through Bill Clinton, with a survey taken from a random sample of political science scholars who study the Presidency We measure the voting behavior of the President's Supreme Court appointees through their votes in civil liberties and economics cases from 1937 to 1994. Presidents appear to be reasonably successful in their appointments in the short run, but justices on average appear to deviate over time away from the Presidents who appointed them.


Idioms are figures of speech that contradict the principle of compositionality. This disposition of idioms can misdirect Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, which mostly focus on the literal meaning of terms. In this paper, we propose a novel idiom detection model that distinguishes between literal and idiomatic expressions. It utilizes a token classification approach to fine-tune BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). It is empirically evaluated on four idiom datasets, yielding an accuracy of more than 0.94. This model adds to the robustness and diversity of NLP techniques available to process and understand increasing magnitudes of free-form text and speech. Furthermore, the social value of this model is in enabling non-native speakers to comprehend the nuances of a foreign language.


The aim of the study is to offer integrated access to information and data sources in the libraries of Iranian universities of medical sciences (UMS) as an important feature enhancing the quality and quantity of research. Thus, it is essential to study the status of Iranian libraries of UMS in terms of integration features. Accordingly, the main objective of the present study was the identification of integration in libraries of Iranian UMS in terms of metadata, digital contents, software, hardware, and human force. The quantitative study was conducted with an analytic survey method. The statistical population consists of 66 Iranian UMS, of this, 59 libraries completed the researcher-made questionnaire. To ensure the accuracy of data, interviews and, in some cases, observations were also performed. Statistical estimates of frequency, percentage, cumulative frequency, and diagrams were utilized for data analysis. The results demonstrated that the library software programs of UMS do not have a desirable status in terms of content, human force, software infrastructure, and integration features. These libraries enjoyed an optimal status in terms of hardware which was, however, not properly used. To create integrated access to the contents of libraries of Iranian UMS, it is essential to provide the required infrastructure, including integration features, human force, and appropriate contents such as the metadata and digital contents of data sources


Spontaneous emission of free electron laser with planar wiggler and ion-channel guiding is calculated analytically and possibility of emission at up-shifted wiggler or ion-channel betatron frequency and their harmonics has been found. To investigate the nonlinear odd harmonics, a set of self-consistent nonlinear differential equations that governs the evolution of radiation and electron beam are derived and solved numerically by Runge-Kutta method. Using the simulation code, gain improvement of third harmonic is studied in the range of microwave frequency by applying ion-channel guiding for a cold beam. It is shown that the combination of the ion-channel and a prebunched electron beam increases the amplitude of the third harmonic of the radiation and decreases its saturation length. The relation between the linear and nonlinear harmonics is discussed.


Lightning has been the major cause of power interruptions in Malaysia. Malaysia is located near the equator having approximately 200 thunder days per year. It is known to be among the highest lightning activity country worldwide. TNB as the main power supply utility in Malaysia has made an effort to reduce the power interruptions via installation of Lightning Detection Network (LDN) in 1994. This paper presents the history leading to modern LDN that capture lightning radiation fields at multiple remote sensors. The network has undergone a series of improvement between 2004 and 2009 in response to evolving detection technologies and requirements. Recent analyses on actual performance of the current LDN are also summarized. The paper includes short and long term requirements for improving the lightning measurements needed to address some open scientific questions and fill the needs of emerging applications.


The fluxes of energetic (E is greater than or approximately equal to 10 MeV) solar particles in the vicinity of the earth in the past can be determined from nuclides that they produced in the top centimeter of lunar rocks. Activity-vs-depth profiles of short-lived radioactivities measured in the top centimeter of lunar rocks agree with profiles calculated with directly measured solar-proton fluxes since about 1965 and were used with indirect observations to get solar-proton fluxes back to 1956. Lunar-rock profiles for long-lived radionuclides have been used to infer solar-proton fluxes averaged over several time periods in the past. New results are reported for solar-proton-produced Kr-81 measured in lunar rock 68815. Activities of 76,000-yr Ni-59 can be used to get fluxes of solar alpha particles averaged over the last 100,000 yr. The average solar-proton fluxes in the past are not greatly different from those observed during the last three 11-yr solar cycles. The work that needs to be done to determine more and better fluxes of energetic particles from the sun in the past is discussed.


Microorganism plays an irreplaceable role in litter decomposition,and the dynamics of microbial activity in litters is of ecological significance in understanding the mechanism of litter decomposition.Microbial biomass serves their important statuses as a sensitive bio indicator of microbial activity in respond to environmental change.Seasonal freezing and thawing is one of the most significant environmental changes in many high latitude/altitude areas such as in alpine regions.The significant temperature fluctuations with related freezing,thawing and freeze thaw cycles could exhibit a strong effect on microbial biomass during litter decomposition in the cold season.As yet,more attentions have been given to the growing season,only a few studies have focused on litter decomposition and the related microbial activities in winter.Moreover,far less information has been available on the dynamics of microbial biomass in litter decomposition at different critical ecological stages as the growing period,the freezing period,completely frozen period as well as the thawing period.Therefore,litters of fir(Abies faxoniana),birch(Betula albosinensis) and spruce(Picea asperata),which are three dominant tree species in the alpine and subalpine forest of Western China,were put into the nylon bag and placed on the forest floor of a primary fir alpine forest in November,2008.Litterbags were sampled in March(completely frozen period),April and May(thawing period),June,August,September and October(growing period),and November(freezing period,one-year decomposition),2009,according to the monitored soil temperatures.Microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN) and microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP) in litters were measured to characterize the dynamics of microbial biomass during litter decomposition in an alpine forest,and explore the microbial processes during litter decomposition in winter time.Similar to the general view,the highest MBC and MBN during litter decomposition were detected in growing period(June and August).Meanwhile,relative higher MBC and MBN during litter decomposition were also observed in the freeze-thaw season(March,April,May and November) compared with that in September.Just after the thawing period,significantly sharp increase of MBC and MBN were found in June during the decomposition of all three sampled litter.However,in disagreement with the dynamics of MBC and MBN,MBP showed the lower values in the mid-growing period(August),completely frozen period(March) and early freezing period(November) compared with the other periods.The higher MBP was detected in the thawing period(April and May) and later growing period(September) compared with other periods.In addition,MBC,MBN and MBP during birch litter decomposition were higher than those during fir and spruce litter decomposition in the whole first year decomposition process,except for the abnormal increase of MBP during spruce litter decomposition in April.The results provided efficient data to understand the process and mechanism of litter decomposition in the high-frigid forest ecosystem,and further understand the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems.Moreover,the results suggested more attention should be paid to the ecological processes in winter time,especially for alpine and subalpine forest.


Source Citation Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Kernan WN, et al. A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2001 Oct 25;345:1243-9. 11680444 (All 2002 articles wer...


Two fractured variscan granites have been selected to investigate present and past percolated networks. The first case study is the geothermal site at Soultz-sous-Forets (Rhine Graben). Borehole seismic (VSP) has been used to map in 3D some generally per


This doctoral thesis presents three Studies covering the topics of mindfulness, its measurement, and its effect on a paradigm of persistence with behavioural change. The paradigm is introduced in Study 1 as a novel way of assessing persistence with behavioural change. Persistence is assumed to be necessary if one wishes to shift from a habitual to a novel behaviour as the latter option provides little rewards compared to its alternative in the initial phase of behavioural change. The results showed, similarly to real life, that people varied in their choices: some stayed with the habitual behaviour, others switched to the novel option but not all stayed with it, and subsequently returned back to the original behaviour. Study 1 presents a number of applications of the paradigm as well as suggestions for assessing construct validity. One possible way of applying the paradigm is to test how it is influenced by mindfulness. Mindfulness is focusing attention on the present moment with attitudes like acceptance and openness. Hence the more mindful people are the easier they may find to persist with behavioural change as their attention is more focused and they are more accepting when dealing with the frustrating nature of the change. This relationship is investigated in Study 2 where mindfulness is briefly induced with a short meditation and also assessed as a trait. The study revealed an unexpected pattern between trait mindfulness ratings and paradigm variables when each condition was considered separately. Further investigation supported the argument that the pattern could be due to the influence of immediate context, namely induction content and performance on the paradigm. Implications for the findings, such as the stability of trait questionnaires, are discussed. Moreover, mindfulness was found to enhance persistence with behavioural change but only in one of the experiments. It is possible the brief mindfulness induction is not strong enough. Brief mindfulness induction is the focus of Study 3, including a literature review of over 70 studies applying this method. The analysis showed a high variation in various methodological aspects, such as the content, length and type of inductions. The fit of induction content with existing definitions of mindfulness is discussed further as well as the suitable length of inductions. Recommendations for improvement of the methodology are suggested. The whole thesis provides a number of theoretical and methodological contributions, directions for future research and practical applications.


Aims and method All child and adolescent psychiatrists and community
paediatricians in the former Trent Region were surveyed about their
antipsychotic prescribing practice during 1 year, including monitoring, and
whether they would like consensus guidelines on prescribing and monitoring of
antipsychotics in children and adolescents. Results The majority (88%) of child psychiatrists and 33% of
paediatricians had prescribed atypical antipsychotics, most commonly
risperidone. Only two psychiatrists had prescribed a typical antipsychotic and
no paediatrician had done so. Challenging behaviour in developmental disorders
was the most common indication for atypicals. Both child psychiatrists and
paediatricians prescribed atypicals for non-psychotic developmental disorders,
whereas prescribing for psychosis occurred almost exclusively among
psychiatrists. Height, weight and blood pressure were routinely monitored, but
waist circumference was rarely measured and there was wide variation in the
monitoring of other parameters such as blood glucose, prolactin and
extrapyramidal side-effects. Three-quarters of the participants felt there was
a need for guidance on prescribing and monitoring atypical antipsychotic
therapy. Clinical implications The greater prescription of antipsychotics by
child and adolescent psychiatrists may reflect differences in case-load and
training. Routine monitoring of adverse effects is inconsistent among
prescribers. The survey highlights the need for training and guidance on
prescribing and monitoring of atypical antipsychotic use in children and
adolescents.


Abstract An instrument has been development for simultaneous measurement of photosynthetically active radiation at 64 points per square meter. With the use of a data logger system, the device makes easy a quick analysis of heterogeneous irradiance. An application of this method is outlined.


This paper proposes a new method to estimate visibility range in strong foggy weather conditions on a basis of the Deep Hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (DHCNN). Our method is designed to estimate visibility distance from a digital camera in real-time but by way of using deep networks, it becomes a more challenging task to achieve outcomes quickly. In addition to this, prior to making any prediction, the model needs to pre-process each input so it will produce the desired results. As a consequence, our implemented prototype consists of two main stage: pre-processing inputs and classifier. Each of those stages concatenated sequentially. From the outer perspective, this demonstrates our model's architecture very deep and computationally costly. However, these two stages make our model more robust and help to learn only useful features from inputs. Since the first pre-processing stage identifies Region of Interest (ROI) and removes redundant parts from a high-resolution image and sends forward to classifier just ROI part in lower resolution. We witnessed great accuracy in estimating visibility on not only heavy foggy images but also the classification of hazy images fulfilled very accurately.


The dispersion characteristic and coupling impedance of the Folded Waveguide Slow Wave Structure(FWSWS) are analyzed for 0.14 THz Traveling Wave Tube(TWT). The power transmission window and the electron optical system are designed. The beam-wave interaction is simulated. Research on manufacturing process of 0.14 THz TWT is performed including fabrication and welding of the FWSWS and hot test experiment. Under the experiment conditions of electron transmission ratio 74% and voltage 16.3 kV, the maximum saturated output power is 3.1 W and the output frequency is 140.08 GHz. The maximum gain is 27 dB and maximum power half bandwidth is 2.82 GHz.


Mubtada 'isim marfu' which is free from amil lafadz. While khabar (comment) is an isim marfu' to complete the meaning of mubtada' (topic). This research is a qualitative research with library research research design. The instruments used in this study were data cards and recapitulation sheets. Data collection techniques using documentation techniques. The data analysis technique uses the distributional method for the direct element, and the data validity check technique uses the credibility test technique to increase persistence. Based on the research conducted by the researcher, the researcher found 279 data in the form of mubtada (topic) and khabar (comment), because the amount of data was almost the same, the researcher took 89 data for in-depth analysis. Of the 89 mubtada'(topic), 89 are mubtada'(topic) sharih and none of the mubtada'(topic) muawwal. Based on the terms of use, there are no mubtada '(topics) that are obligatory mahdzuf and 3 may be mahdzuf, 82 are obligatory muqaddam and 2 may be muqaddam, and 1 is obligatory muakhkhar and 1 may be muakhkhar. Based on the grammatical markers, it consists of 75 mubtada' (topic) with the grammatical marker dlammah, none with the grammatical marker alif, waw, and nun, and 14 mubtada' (topic) which occupies the function of mubtada' (topic) (machal rafa'). And of the 89 khabar (comments), 64 are mufrad khabar (comments) and 25 are ghairu mufad khabar (comments). Based on the terms of use, there is no khabar (comment) that is obligatory and can be mahdzuf, 1 is mandatory and can be muqaddam, and 85 is obligatory muakhkhar and 2 may be muakhkhar.


IETM is a hot research field in information.The IETM can provide an inter-synergetic,multi-format,interactive information query and maintenance environment to workers by the electronic display system.According to the requirement of the IETM development and research,the IETM technical data were analyzed.And then,the XML based technical data were discussed.Research processes of data integration on XML technology.In the end,designed the structure of CNC Machine Tool IETM system,All of those works are realized the effective database management of the IETM technical data.


Simultaneous stratospheric volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles of dinitrogen pentoxide (N{sub 2}O{sub 5}) and nitric acid HNO{sub 3} at sunrise between 25{degrees}N and 15{degrees}S latitude and profiles of HNO{sub 3} at sunset between 42{degrees}S and 53{degrees}S latitude have been derived from 0.01 cm{sup -1} resolution infrared solar occultation spectra recorded 9 {1/2} months after the massive eruption of the Mount Pinatubo volcano in the Philippine Islands. The measurements were obtained by the atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer during the ATLAS 1 shuttle mission (March 20 to April 2, 1992). The measured HNO{sub 3} VMRs are higher at all altitudes and latitudes than corresponding values measured by the limb infrared monitor of the stratosphere (LIMS) instrument during the same season in 1979, when the aerosol loading was near background levels. The largest relative increase in the HNO{sub 3} VMR occurred near the equator at 30-km altitude, where the ATMOS/ATLAS 1 values are about a factor of 2 higher than the LIMS measurements. Two-dimensional model calculations show that the increase in HNO{sub 3} and the ATMOS/ATLAS 1 measurement of a steep decrease in the N{sub 2}O{sub 5} to HNO{sub 3} on the surfaces of the Mount Pinatubo sulfate aerosols.more » Our profile results demonstrate the global impact of the N{sub 2}O{sub 5} + H{sub 2}0 {r_arrow} 2HNO{sub 3} heterogeneous reaction in altering the partitioning of stratospheric odd nitrogen after a major volcanic eruption. 40 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.« less


In view of the Dissipative Structure Theory,consider our college PE teachers team construction lies in establishing the dissipative structure of PE teachers system.The paper points out building open the universities PE teachers team construction system,building a learning-oriented organization,system optimization college PE teachers' team system structure,mobilizing the enthusiasm of teaching physical education teachers and so on,are continuously improve college PE teachers' team level of important measures.


The development of economy and education affects the reform of chemistry experiment curriculum in different area of our country and the differences are increasing gradually in different area of our country.Take Shaanxi Province as an example,through investigating and analyzing the implementation situation about the new chemistry experiment curriculum in middle-school under the different school conditions,to the first-class middle-schools,we should change evaluation systems and explore some opening and aoquired chemistry experimental classes.To the second-class middle-schools,we should improve their school condition,upgrade their amour-propre and confidence,promotion teaching and learning quality.To the third-class poverty middle-school,because of the seriously insufficient softwear and hardware conditions,we should emphatically design some the substituted chemistry experimental classes which make things done with whatever is available.


Some questions are raised concerning traditional thinking on calculating ship performance, and some new formulas are proposed. The assumption referred to in the title is that in using open-water measurements for any purpose in ship design, the characteristics determined in the uniform onset velocity of the open-water test will serve, instead of the characteristics that apply to a ship model when propelled and when the screw operates in a completely different velocity field governed strongly by the shape of the hull upstream of the screw.


A novel miniature air-borne antenna with circular polarization and wide angle coverage is presented. The antenna is formed with two pairs of modified printed monopoles that are orthogonally placed, and each pair of them coupled with interdigital capacitors and grounding strip lines at the outside. Radiating elements are fed by a power distribution network printed on the bottom. The antenna has a compact size of only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $0.{17}\;\lambda \times 0.{17}\;\lambda \times 0.{13}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $</tex-math></inline-formula> is the wavelength corresponding to center frequency in free space) and a shape matching the aircraft nose, which makes it attractive for small-scale air-borne applications. A prototype was fabricated and measured. The measured results agree well with the simulation ones, which reveals that the antenna works on the GPS band (1.575 GHz) and achieves a wide angle coverage (3-dB axial-ratio beamwidth is 112°, from −55° to +57° off the boresight).


World trade in biomass is likely to increase in the years up to 2020 as imports are required to meet the demand created (directly or indirectly) by policy measures such as the EU Biofuels Directive. This paper assesses the macroeconomic consequences such large-scale trade for the exporting country, using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of Argentina. Given an exogenous increase in world prices for biomass, the model finds that production shifts towards biomass and away from other sectors. Implications of this include changes in the relative prices of goods and the purchasing power of labour. Price rises are largest in land-intensive sectors of the economy and the overall purchasing power of labour is adversely affected since biomass sectors are among the least labour intensive. When expansion of the agricultural area is permitted, relative price changes become less pronounced. However, expansion of the agricultural frontier may have adverse environmental impacts, including lowering the net GHG savings attributable to the biomass produced.


This work rescues Joinville's landscape patrimony, around the Babitonga Bay, seeking the sustainable tourism exploration; starting a real effective occupation; possible occupation areas; municipal, state and federal legislation; satellite images interpretation and photographic registration. Historically, the poor population invaded the swamps, occupying lower monetary value areas and fishing on flooded areas, generating sanitation problems, mangroves destruction and reducing the fish production on the area. The tourists potential of the bay is explored by the top social classes that possesses or rent boats. In the last few years, the eco-tourism has been growing up. The river margins not occupied, are being stimulated to be preserved and transformed in leisure areas, as lineal parks, that guarantees the conservation of the rivers drainage strips.


SummaryThe advantages and disadvantages of the different methods of fertility control for women at the menopause are discussed. Based on the author's experience the contraceptive techniques especially suitable are the diaphragm and the intra-uterine device. Oral contraceptives are not recommended for women in this age group because of the possible risks of myocardial infarction. It is suggested that contraception should be continued until the woman has had at least 12 months of continuous amenorrhoea.