Abstract McClure provides a useful and interesting analysis of how the Low‐Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, the primary federal vehicle supporting the creation of new affordable housing for very low income families, has evolved over its first 20 years. He finds that it has grown more financially efficient and that it places an increasing share of its units in suburban and low‐poverty census tracts. I examine the same LIHTC activity, but aggregated to the state rather than the national level. I identify and discuss differences among states with regard to how well they use the LIHTC program to support affordable housing in suburban and low‐poverty census tracts. I advocate for more detailed research into the underlying factors and administrative practices that lead to this variation, as well as for the creation of a clearinghouse on best practices to help states learn from one another.


This paper addresses the treatment of arsenic(III) contaminated water by adsorption technique using an unconventional adsorbent, feldspar. The removal of As(III) is dependent on contact time, concentration, pH and temperature of the solution, particle size of the feldspar and the agitation rate of the system. The maximum adsorption, i.e., 90.19%, was achieved after 100 min at the arsenic concentration 13.35 µmol L -1 , with 40 g L -1 of feldspar of particle size ≈200 µm at pH 6.5, temperature 20 ± 0.5°C and agitation rate 125 rpm. The pH of the system has played a key role in the uptake, and pH 6.5 has been determined as optimum. The process of uptake is exothermic and follows the first-order adsorption rate expression. The applicability of the Langmuir isotherm was tested for the As(III)-feldspar system at optimum conditions. The diffusion coefficients as well as thermodynamic parameters have been determined to explain the results. A model has been developed to predict the uptake capacity of the adsorbent under certain given conditions.


This paper describes a new technique called D. R. C. S. which is extremely helpful in text oriented communication systems: it provides through a very low cost user's terminal nearly unlimited repertoire of characters to be displayed for alphabetic applications and also fine graphics where they are needed. The integration of the feature to the French Antiope (1) Teletext or Teletel Videotex services is then discussed.


Ni/NiO core–shell cocatalysts have been prepared on the surface of graphitic carbon nitride by a facile in situ immersion strategy to promote photocatalytic H2 evolution activity under the light irradiation of the conjugated polymer. The physicochemical properties of the as‐prepared hybridized materials were characterized by several techniques, which include XRD, UV‐Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, to investigate the composition, texture, surface properties, and optical properties of the samples. In comparison with an unmodified carbon nitride polymer, the Ni/NiO‐decorated sample shows an increased photocatalytic H2 evolution rate and good durability because of the promoted surface kinetics that increase the charge‐transfer rate and reduce the overpotential for H2 evolution dramatically.


Papilloedema is dened as swelling of the optic disc due to elevation in intracranial pressure. Anaemia may play a role in the occurrence of raised intracranial pressure and papilloedema. Only a few cases in the literature support this association. We report a case of a 17-year-old male, who presented with a 1-week history of weakness, headache and vomiting with one episode of seizure. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed bilateral optic disc edema. Laboratory investigations conrmed severe anaemia in a case of Pure red cell aplasia. This case documents the rare occurrence of papilloedema in a case of severe anaemia due to pure red cell aplasia.


This study aims to analyze the feasibility of increasing the price and production costs of rice farming in the West District of Magetan Regency. The results of the analysis show that the R / C analysis is 1.42,> 1. This means that the costs incurred are Rp. 1, can generate receipts of Rp. 1.42. Therefore, the feasibility of increasing prices and costs of rice farming in the West District of Magetan Regency is still considered feasible because it still provides benefits for rice farmers.


Objective:To study the application of mesh and pleg hemial ring tension—free hernia repair in inguinal hernia. Methods:All 90 cases with inguinal hernia were divided into control group and treatment group randomly from Jan.2003 to Jun.2005 and then compare the operation effect and complication.Results:Ifs superior in the time of operation.mean time for exercise and pain by mesh and plug hemial ring tension—free repair than in traditional way.Conclusion:Mesh and plug hernial ring tension—free repair has the characteristic of shorter period for operation,better recovery,less complications.It's the best way for the operation of inguinal hernia.


This article is a reprint from a declassified issue of the CIA's in‐house journal. It testifies to the enormous impact of UFOs in North America and the involvement of the CIA and USAF from their very year of creation (1947). This year also featured the notorious Roswell incident in New Mexico. The phenomenon is examined decade by decade for the entire Cold War. The mere existence of official records and their release or non‐release has become a never‐ending bone of contention.


Replacing hardwired connections with digital communications over Ethernet requires new engineering and testing practices. PPL Electric Utilities Corporation (PPL) recently designed, installed, and tested a new high-voltage substation using next-generation relay and control equipment. This next-generation substation (NGS) is based on networked Ethernet intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) communicating via IEC 61850. This paper discusses the new technical design details of networking IEDs over Ethernet, but also, and more importantly, it discusses how engineering, installation, and testing practices had to change to accommodate the new technology. PPL methodically replaced their previous protection and control design with a design that provides more functionality while migrating to IEC 61850 communications from multiple IED vendors. In the end, over 50 percent of the hardware, 60 percent of the hardwired connections, many disparate programmable devices, and several software programs were eliminated. New testing techniques were developed to test IEC 61850 communications, and wiring drawings were replaced with GOOSE messaging tables so that test technicians could identify the endpoints of the "virtual" wires. The NGS implementation required completely new communication design methods, IED configuration, verification testing, and system commissioning. This paper describes PPL's process of developing best engineering practices for substation protection, integration, control, monitoring, metering, and testing. A discussion of these engineering practices and how they evolved provides valuable insight to engineers considering using one or more of the IEC 61850 protocols for peer-to-peer protection and automation or client/server methods for integration and automation. Lessons learned were associated not only with new technology but also with new procedures, such as how test technicians selectively block signals that communicate over Ethernet without physically disconnecting the IED from the network. The paper also discusses PPL's creation of a project team consisting of representatives from engineering, operations, standards, and relay testing to collectively resolve concerns associated with system testing, future expansion, and maintenance of this design.


Security control for controlling an automated installation (10) with a plurality of dehardware installation components (12, 14, 16) comprising a plurality of sensors and a plurality of actuators, with a control unit (276) , which are associated a plurality of input signals desdeuna control plurality of sensors, wherein the control unit is configured to generate a plurality of senalesde control output based on input signals control according to a application program (292) running in it, wherein a plurality of output signals control the deactuadores plurality activated, with an interface (330) to a display unit (332), wherein the unit estaconfigurada representation to represent the diagnostic messages, with an evaluation unit installation diagnosis (318), to which a plurality of process signals desalida diagnosis feed s, wherein the evaluation unit installation diagnosis is configured paraestablecer based on the plurality of output signals installation diagnosis, which of several deprocesos system states control is present in a first defined time, in the unit evaluationof diagnosis process is configured to generate a plurality of state signals processes the chelates plurality of status signals process represents a plurality of states of established processes inwhich the plurality of states of established processes are present in the first defined time, with an evaluation unit system diagnosis (324), to which a plurality of ingress policer signals system diagnosis in which the evaluation unit system diagnosis is set paraestablecer in feed the number of input signals diagnosis system, which of several states delsistema security control is present in a second defined time, wherein the unit evaluationof diagnosis system is configured to generate a plurality of signals of system status, in the chelates plurality of signals of system state represents a plurality of states the set system elque the plurality of states of the established system are present in the second defined time, andof a unit diagnostic messages (340), to which the plurality of signals deproceso been fed and the plurality of signals system status, wherein the drive diagnostic messages estaconfigurada for conditioning a plurality of diagnostic messages to the plurality of states of procesoestablecidos and the plurality of states of the established system in which the message unit of diagnosisgenera a plurality diagnosis signals, representing the diagnostic messages, wherein the plurality diagnosis signals are fed to the display unit for displaying messages dediagnosis. characterized in that the drive diagnostic messages has a memory unit of association (350), onwhich are deposited a plurality of association variables at least for a plurality of variosestados process and at least a plurality of the various states of system, in which the magnitudes deasociacion deposited represent which of the various system states associated, respectively, to cualde various process states under a predefined association in which the message unit dediagnosis is configured to select a plurality of association variables deposited to unapluralidad pairs of states established system and states established process in quecada of these magnitudes selected association represents at least one of the pairs, wherein launidad diagnostic messages is configured to calculate a plurality of system states asociad I enfuncion of the magnitudes of association and wherein at least one of the process states established seprepara message diagnosis based on this state of the process and the number of states sistemaasociados, which are associated with this state of the process .


There has been a lack of research specifically examining the effect of heat addition on frictional pressure drop in two phase flow systems. The work presented herein is a result of a series of experiments, using a low pressure steam-water loop to investigate this effect. It was found that the application of constant heat flux results in a significant increase in frictional pressure drop at certain qualities. It was also found that increasing mass flux or decreasing system pressure shifts the maximum pressure drop towards lower qualities. The observed phenomenon is believed to be the result of liquidvapour interactions at the slug-annular flow regime transition. This has been confirmed by flow pattern analysis using Mandhane's flow map.

Jusqu'a present il n'y a pas eu suffisamment de travaux de recherche pour analyser l'effet d'un apport de chaleur sur la perte de charge dans des systemes d'ecoulement a deux phases. Le travail presente ici resulte d'une serie d'experiences, dans lesquelles on a employe une boucle de vapeur et d'eau a basse pression, poui etudier cet effet. On a trouve que l'application d'un flux de chaleur constant produisait une augmentation importante de la perte de charge dans certaines conditions; on a aussi constate que l'augmentation du flux niassique ou la diminution de la pression du systeme diminuait la perte de charge maximale. On croit que le phenomene observe resulte des interactions liquide-vapeur lors de la transition du regime d'ecoulement "slug" en regime d'ecoulement annulare; cette hypothese a ete confirmee par l'analyse des profils d'ecoulement utilisant le diagramme de Mandhane.


Many-core chip design has become a popular means to sustain the exponential growth of chip-level computing performance. The main advantage lies in the exploitation of parallelism, distributively and massively. Consequently, the on-chip communication fabric becomes the performance determinant. In the meantime, the introduction of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) interconnect brings in the new opportunity for giga-bps communication bandwidth, milliwatts communication power, and low cost implementation for millimeter range on-chip communication for future chip generations. In this paper, we study multi-channel wireless Network-on-Chip (McWiNoC) with ultra-short RF/wireless links for multi-hop communication. We first present the benefit of high bandwidth, low latency and flexible topology configurations provided by this new on-chip inter-connection network. We then propose a distributed and deadlock-free location based routing scheme. We further design an efficient channel arbitration scheme to grant multi-channel access. With a few representative synthetic traffic patterns and SPLASH-II benchmarks, we demonstrate that McWiNoC can achieve 23.3% average performance improvement and 65.3% average end-to-end latency reduction over a baseline NoC of 8 × 8 metal wired mesh.


The principle of excimer laser microprocessing is introduced.A step-controlled two-demensional micro-moving scanning stage is designed.A microfabrication equipment based on the excimer laser is developed.By controlling the scanning trace with computer,basic structures such as point,line,plane and their component type microstructures/devices can be fabricated by this equipment.Experiments are carried out to prove the feasibility of the system.A gear-like microstructure and a coreless film microtransformer are successfully manufactured.The excimer laser micro fabricating equiment has advantages of high efficiency,smoothy cutting edge,and powerful ability of fabricating various shapes of microstructures.This excimer laser micro fabrication equipment is expected to be wildly used in MEMS and the field of micro/nano technology.


Although boron (B) deficiency in chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) has been identified in Portugal and B fertilization was carried out in some orchards, the post-treatment evaluations have not been made to date. So the objective of this trial was to confirm the B deficiency and to quantify the effect of B applications to the soil on nut yield and quality. In October 2006, a fertilizer trial was established in a 15 year-old orchard in a very acid soil derived from siliceous schists. Soil liming and a basal fertilization were carried out in 16 trees and two levels of sodium tetraborate (Granubor, 14.6% B) were applied to eight trees: control (B0) and 100 g of Granubor per tree (B1). In the beginning of September chestnut leaves were collected from five trees and analyzed for macro- and micronutrients. Nut productivity was measured per tree and some nut quality parameters were evaluated, including the chemical composition of the kernel (soluble sugars, starch, total fiber, crude protein, and crude fat) in 2007, and dry matter, nut caliber, and fruit damage in 2007 and 2008. Boron fertilization of chestnuts significantly increased nut production: 75% in the first year (8 kg and 14 kg per tree, respectively, in the B0 and B1) and, in the second year, was over four times higher (4 kg and 17 kg per tree, respectively, in the B0 and B1). No significant differences were found in dry matter, nut caliber, nut damage and chemical composition of the kernel in the first year, but in the second year lower fruit damage by chestnut tortrix (P<0.0089) was observed. Foliar analyses exhibit relatively low B concentrations in the control trees (average value of 8 mg kg−1) in both years, while in the fertilized trees the foliar B concentration were in average 61 mg kg−1 in the first year, and 34 mg kg−1 in the second year. The large drop in the foliar B concentration in the second year suggests the need to monitoring the nutrient status of chestnut orchards or more frequent of B application than usual practice.


Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare tumors first documented by Klemperer and Rabin in 1931.1 They have been found in a variety of anatomic locations, in which the pleura is by far the most prevalent and well studied. Most common extrathoracic locations include the orbit, upper respiratory tract, and soft tissues.2 Our review of the literature did not reveal any reports of SFTs presenting in the anal or perianal area. This report discusses the first case of an SFT at the anal margin.


An automated quality control (QC) system was developed for detecting errors in daily rain-gauge data. This QC system was basically designed to detect obvious errors such as clerical errors automatically and objectively. A total of 14 components have been developed for daily rain-gauge data, but many of the components can easily be applied to other weather elements such as temperature with appropriate changes in parameters. The authors applied the QC system to a continental-scale rain-gauge network. The results are illustrated herein with examples with discussions of possible causes for each kind of error. While most of the errors were found in data which had not been subjected to thorough QC, many basic errors were also found in this widely used global/regional dataset. The results given by newly proposed QC components, which use multiple data records at the same station but from different data sources, show that such comparison tests are important and work well for detecting errors such as unit misconversions.


A network of WEB based databases has been created in the EU project "EFABIS – a European Farm Animal Biodiversity Information System" for the recording and dissemination of biodiversity data of breeds in animal agriculture. It integrates the historical database from the European Association of Animal Sciences (EAAP) and the world wide DAD-IS system of FAO in Rome. Its outstanding features are an automatic synchronization of data records across the whole hierarchy at the global (FAO), regional (EAAP) and country level. Furthermore, a generalized strategy has been developed for translation of content and interface into any language in the world using UTF8 encoding for the presentation of any character set like Latin, Cyrillic, Chinese and Arabic. FABISnet is available as Open Source software.


The fluorescence of chlorpheniramine maleate upon treatment with hydrogen peroxide at 90  C for 30 minutes is directly proportional to the concentration.


To the Editor. —We eagerly respond to the suggestion by Check et al (Archives1982;39:784) that clomiphene may have anticonvulsant properties. Report of a Case. —In June 1979, a 16-year-old girl was examined at the Epilepsy Unit of the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, because of persistent seizures and amenorrhea. Refractory generalized convulsions had begun at 2 years and absence seizures at 4 years of age. Over the years, therapy with at least 12 anticonvulsant medications and a ketogenic diet had achieved only minimal seizure control. At 14 years of age, taking phenobarbital, ethosuximide, and carbamazepine, she had almost continuous absence seizures when awake and frequent generalized convulsions when asleep. During a 12-hour video-telemetry recording, she experienced more than 900 absence seizures. A routine EEG revealed generalized, atypical, 1.5- to 2-Hz spike and wave complexes. The patient's impaired intellect, her mixed and uncontrolled seizures, and her EEG pattern were


The feature articles in this issue present quite different interpretations of the history of educational research and also quite different prescriptions for how educational researchers should practice their craft in the future. The differences are rather pronounced, even among the three former presidents of the American Education Research Association who contribute to the first installment of "The Vision Thing." "The Vision Thing" is a series of mini-feature articles about the future of the association and educational research in general written initially, at least, by former presidents of the association. The three past presidents whose commentaries are contained in this issue not only present very different views of educational research's past and future; two of the three are quite critical of the field that they helped lead. Michael Scriven, for instance, indicts educational researchers for, among other things, ignoring the wisdom of skilled practitioners when they formulate their research questions and design their studies. William Cooley takes a somewhat different, but not totally unrelated, tack. He notes, for example, that he pretty much disappeared from the AERA stage after serving as the organization's president. He did this intentionally—so he could help local decisionmakers use data to make more informed decisions—and he encourages others to follow his example. Even N. L. Gage, who provides a more positive picture of the educational research community's past and its contributions to date, suggests it is now time for a change in the game plan: we should now get about the business of constructing more comprehensive theories from the many generalizations that have been generated to date, Gage suggests. While two of the three contributors to the first installment of "The Vision Thing" series are explicitly or implicitly critical of educational research's past and all three map out new directions for the future, these criticisms and prescriptions can seem quite modest when set alongside the rather grand vision of educational research presented in this issue's lead feature article by Scheurich and Young. These authors charge that virtually all existing educational research perspectives—everything from positivism to postmodernism—are laced with epistemological racism. For good measure, they cast most of western civilization in the role of unindicted co-conspirator. The article, in short, although tightly argued and well grounded in a number of literatures, is intentionally provocative. "Let us have a fierce row over this," Scheurich and Young declare. Generating dialogue and discussion—if not necessarily a row—is what this issue's entire features section is oriented toward. As already noted, the articles included in "The Vision Thing" section represent the beginning of an extended conversation among former AERA presidents that will get played out in a number of subsequent issues of the journal. I also hope others will be stimulated to contribute to the discussion of our field's future, either in the form of regular, feature-length articles or by writing briefer articles that might be grouped together in additional "vision thing" installments presented after the past presidents have had their say I also want to encourage responses to the Scheurich and Young article, and not simply from defenders of the notion of a culturally transcendent truth who Scheurich and Young, in their article, challenge to respond. Even sympathetic readers, for example, might be troubled by Scheurich and Young's tendency to essentialize the construct of race. Some readers of color may find Scheurich and Young's specific remedies—e.g., their recommendation that students of color be encouraged to use race-based epistemologies in their dissertation research—a bit patronizing. On the other hand, I have already been criticized—even before the Scheurich and Young article was typeset—for publishing an article about race-based epistemologies authored by two White men. Finally, some readers may wonder why Scheurich and Young focus on the differences and ignore the similarities in different cultures' ways of knowing. I would like to hear from individuals who hold such views and to publish their more subtle critiques of the Scheurich and Young article, along with the sorts of the critiques the authors explicitly invite. I also would like to publish—and, therefore, invite readers to submit—examples of studies employing methodologies that have emerged from the various epistemologies of color Scheurich and Young allude to in their article. Scheurich and Young reference some such work, but most of the references come from fields other than education and, even when the examples come from education, it is not always clear how the methodologies of color differ from some other qualitative methods, in particular, some of the methods emerging out of White feminist theory. I should quickly add that Educational Researcher is not generally in the business of publishing individual studies. The essay rather than the research report is the preferred genre in this particular AERA publication venue. Still, Educational Researcher will, on occasion, publish individual studies if they can serve as concrete referents for methodological and epistemological debates. Such concrete referents would certainly be useful in the debate Scheurich and Young are trying to start. At the very least, they would help all parties better understand what it is they are debating about.


The present invention discloses a flexible three degrees of freedom manipulator control device and method. The apparatus comprises a flexible body portion manipulator, servo motor drive section and a control section. Distribution of three degrees of freedom: two flexible arms rotatably connected in series are driven by a motor reducer connected, in series in the moving slider of a screw drive, the screw connecting the base and the fixed base. Three AC servo motors with optical encoder for detecting the rotation angle. The flexible arm attached near the fixed end of the multi-plate piezoelectric ceramics as the piezoelectric substrate, respectively, and the piezoelectric actuator sensor, mounted near the free end of each one of the acceleration sensor. Flexible vibration of the piezoelectric sheet detecting sensor or an acceleration sensor, respectively. The feedback signal is detected, the control algorithm run by the motion controller controls each movement of the three motors. A control section for processing the detected rotation of the flexible beam, and a vibration signal processing accordingly.


Mangrove area as nursery grounds for the fish larvae in Semarang and Demak. Fish larvae were collected during August - February representing dry and rainy seasons from three mangrove station swamps by a beach seine net. The net was dragged on the bottom for 100 m three times. A total of 291 fish larvae were collected, representing 5 families. The most abundant species formed about 76 % of all collected fishes. Two fish larvae family were collected for the first time from mangrove areas in the Timbulsloko. Most of the collected fishes are economically important fishes. Moreover five families were belonging to demersal fishes. The highest species richness value was recorded in Timbulsloko mangroves at night in the river. This Finding showed that mangroves could support the life history of many demersal and pelagic fish.


India is the land of temples, which are regarded as the centres from which the Divine issue blessings to the deserving. The book focuses on temples of southern India, which are fine examples of the ancient Hindu style of architecture. Most of them exhibit more recent extensions and modern constructions, while the deity in the sanctum sanctorum is invariably allowed to remain as in the olden days


ABSTRACT: Forestlands disturbed by wildfire commonly constitute major and long-lasting sources of sediment that degrade water quality and cause siltation. Postfire restoration of the resistance to erosion of the forest soil is largely controlled by the rate of regrowth of vegetation and may take several years to return to prefire levels, particularly in areas of high-severity burns in semiarid climate. Time-instantaneous prediction techniques such as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) fail to describe the long-term effect. The latest version of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE version 2.0) includes a time-varying option that can model seasonal or pluri-year variations in biomass and other factors; also, it has revised governing equations and an updated database. RUSLE 2.0 claims to be land-use independent and, thus, it should apply to burned-forest lands with proper input for forest vegetation. This paper discusses this matter and concludes there still exist in RUSLE 2.0 built-in routines and parameters inherited from its agricultural application that hinder its use on burned-forest soils. Moreover, many forest lands are characterized by soil textures and slope gradients that fall near, or outside, the limit of the database used for validating USLE/RUSLE, a condition that may counter RUSLE9s overall improvement in precision and accuracy.


My paper will draw on concepts and ideas from Jung's essay, The undiscovered self , Buber's book, I and thou and from the myth of Narcissus. I will be reflecting on the possible notion that not knowing thyself can cause a split in the psyche maintained by becoming a point of conjunction for many psychological defenses such as rejection, suppression, regression and denial, which in turn can lead to the death of the Self. Through Jung, Buber and the myth of Narcissus, I will explore the idea of the "other" as part of the conflict between the need to belong, unite and connect and the need for individuation, separateness, freedom, and relief from the stress of the unknown. The other has archetypal qualities representing the unknown, unfamiliar, different, mysterious, seducing, adventurous, disorganizing, and exotic. It can be associated with feelings such as excitement, attraction, fear, intimidation, and loss to the point of loss of self. I would like to raise the idea that the other is created in a suggested state of forbiddenness and/or possibly as a result of trauma or the fear of loss. The other symbolizes and activates remembering/reliving the rapture in the wholeness with the mother. As separateness get recognized, flood of grief, sadness and anger follows. The projection on the "other" is partly the difficulty in accepting that the longing for unity and wholeness will never be fulfilled. As the mother turns into the other, loss is experienced which is then projected and surrogate by "others." That split is a bleeding wound created by the conflict between the wish to unite in face of the price of losing separateness and knowledge of self. Can we see the Mother/unity/wholeness within us and accept and embrace her surrogates as the others within us as well?


It has come to my attention that the paper I authored and published in the Croatian Medical Journal three years ago (1) was flagged as problematic in an international database (http://etblast.org). The published paper indeed contains large portions of wording and sections copied from another article (2). At the time, I was an inexperienced author, not aware that what I did was against the standards of scientific and academic honesty. My English and my writing skills were not up to the level needed to present my work in a due manner and in my own words, so I used the words of another author to describe the methodology applied in my study and simply cited the source. My only wish was to publish the results of my 6-year-long research and the development of a computer application for the evaluation of intensive care unit (ICU) performance (1). The results were original, based on the patient data collected at the ICU where I work.


The invention relates to a substrate for an ink jet recording head. Even if electrostatic discharge occurs, dielectric breakdown of an insulating layer for covering an element on a base substrate is inhibited. A substrate for an ink jet recording head includes: a base substrate including an element configured to apply energy for ejecting ink to ink and an insulating protective layer for covering the element; an ejection orifice forming member including an insulating first member for forming an ink flow path for supplying ink to the element and a second member including an ejection orifice surface having ejection orifices provided therein; and a columnar conductive member extending between the second member and the base substrate in a direction intersecting the ejection orifice surface.


Knowledge Base Population is the problem of populating a structured database with facts from a document corpus. This breaks down into several tasks such as the recognition of named entities, co-reference resolution, relation extraction and entity linking. Traditional systems solve this task set in a pipeline fashion, where modular components are chained in row, each solving one task. These approaches suffer from propagation of errors when information is passed from one pipeline component to the next and they are restricted to information flow in one direction. In addition, black box models are usually chained, which results in a low interpretability. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model structure and framework for joint inference for end-to-end knowledge base population, which enables to make globally consistent decisions based on local component feedback and additional background knowledge. A decisive advantage of the approach is that knowledge about the pipeline components, the underlying knowledge base ontology, linguistics and the text corpus can be easily and transparently integrated. We evaluate our approach regarding two aspects, exhaustive relation extraction and entity linking to the knowledge base.


In some neurodegenerative disorders (leukodystrophies) characterized by myelin alterations, the defect of peroxisomal functions on myelin‐producing cells (oligodendrocytes) are poorly understood. The development of in vitro models is fundamental to understanding the physiopathogenesis of these diseases. We characterized two immortalized murine oligodendrocyte cell lines: a normal (158N) and a jimpy (158JP) cell line mutated for the proteolipid protein PLP/DM20. Fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and western blotting analysis allow to identify major myelin proteins (PLP colocalizing with mitochondria; myelin basic protein), oligodendrocyte (CNPase and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein), and peroxisomal markers [adrenoleukodystrophy protein, PMP70, acyl‐CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), l‐peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme, and catalase]. Using electron microscopy, peroxisomes were identified in the two cell lines. Gene expression (ATP‐binding cassette, Abcd1, Abcd2, Abcd3, and Acox1) involved in peroxisomal transport or β‐oxidation of fatty acids was evaluated using quantitative PCR. 4‐phenylbutyrate treatment increases expression of ACOX1, l‐peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme, PLP, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and CNPase, mainly in 158N cells. In both cell lines, 4‐phenylbutyrate‐induced ACOX1 and catalase activities while only Abcd2 gene was up‐regulated in 158JP. Moreover, the higher mitochondrial activity and content observed in 158JP were associated with higher glutathione content and increased basal production of reactive oxygen species revealing different redox statuses. Altogether, 158N and 158JP cells will permit studying the relationships between peroxisomal defects, mitochondrial activity, and oligodendrocyte functions.


Matters of paternity leave should be given as much attention as maternity leave. But are there any overlooked insights into paternal rights at work? Adam Bernstein explains


the private sector. Ceratocystis Fungicides are applied only in large and medium size cocoa plantations. An average of 40% of the cocoa pods is lost to diseases. In most clonal cocoa farms, producers face this problem by removing diseased pods at harvest time.


One hundred and eighty years subsequent to the liberation of Saint-Domingue from French-colonial rule in 1803, Afro-Colombian writer, folklorist and dean of Afro-Hispanism Manuel Olivella published his mammoth Chango, el gran putas. To-date, this particular work has been the subject of countless published articles and monographs, scholarly presentations and consideration for literary prizes. In continuing the discussion on this text, my paper purposes to offer a critical analysis of Manuel Zapata Olivella's Chango, from the position of re-imagining Haiti and re-positioning the Haitian Revolution through the gaze of post-colonial allegory.  In so doing, I will offer post-modern and post-colonial implications as a transition to discussing allegorical elements in the novel. Second, I will highlight textual examples that illustrate how the author narratively treats the historical moments of the Haitian Independence and the Revolution. The examples mentioned then seek to substantiate my position of post-colonial allegory as the vehicle by which Manuel Zapata Olivella explores the history of Haiti and the Revolution within the text.  Finally, I will offer concluding comments regarding the discursive qualities of the work evidenced by the author's mastery of the craft of fiction writing.


Background: Bechet's disease (BD) is a chronic multisystemic vasculitis. Although its exact etiopathology is unknown, both autoimmune imbalances associated with genetic and abnormal immune response of effector lymphocytes promoted by infectious factors are suggested1. The increase of effector T cells (Teffs) and the decrease of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are possibly the involving factors in the pathogenesis of BD2. Importantly, we have developed new immunoregulatory combination therapies trying to restore the reduction of Tregs in rheumatic patients. Objectives: To examine abnormal levels of lymphocyte subsets in BD patients at a relatively large-sample size and to investigate whether the immunoregulatory combination therapies have therapeutic efficacy in BD. Methods: Total 384 BD patients and 206 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Proportions and absolute numbers of peripheral T, B, NK, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) for all participants. Among these patients,183 cases of BD patients were treated with immunoregulatory combination drugs (IMiDs) such as low-dose interleukin-2, rapamycin, metformin, retinoic acid and coenzyme Q10. The levels of peripheral lymphocyte subsets were measured before and after the treatment. Compared-T test was used to compare continuous measures and to assess effect of these drugs. Results: Compared to HCs, the absolute numbers of various Teffs such as T, B, CD4+T, CD8+T, Th1 and Th17 cells were significantly increased in BD group (P Conclusion: Impaired balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune cells, especially insufficiency of Tregs, might be a cornerstone of the pathogenesis of BD. Immunoregulatory combination therapies could promote the proliferation and functional recovery of Tregs in patients with BD and might help to alleviate disease activity. References: [1]Yazici H, Seyahi E, Hatemi G, et al. Behcet syndrome: a contemporary view. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018;14(2):107-19. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.208 [published Online First: 2018/01/04] [2]Rosenzwajg M, Lorenzon R, Cacoub P, et al. Immunological and clinical effects of low-dose interleukin-2 across 11 autoimmune diseases in a single, open clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis 2019;78(2):209-17. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214229 [published Online First: 2018/11/26] Acknowledgments: None Disclosure of Interests: None declared


This paper introduces the construction design of double gate disc valve,and discusses the precautions in its installation,operation and maintenance in ethy- lene cracking furnaces.


Due to their potential applications and flexibility, bistatic configurations have awakened a great deal of interest in the recent past among the SAR research community for both airborne and spaceborne remote sensing. However, such configurations still pose a number of operational problems; notwithstanding the technical challenge of tuning a bistatic SAR system, current efforts are being conducted to derive reliable techniques that allow the scientific and technical exploitation of the data. Focussing stands out as a fundamental issue to facilitate further research. In February 2003, DLR and ONERA carried out successfully [1] one of the very first bistatic airborne campaigns. The E-SAR and RAMSES systems were flown in two basic geometrical configurations, both involving parallel flights at the same speed: one defined by along-track acquisitions and the other by across-track acquisitions. These bistatic configurations share with monostatic SAR the invariance in the along-track dimension, often referred as stationary, which allows and suggests the using of Doppler domain focussing techniques.

Different directions can be outlined in the recent literature concerning bistatic SAR focussing. Several recent papers address the problem of obtaining airborne bistatic SAR images using time-domain techniques [2]-[4]. Time-domain techniques are usually computationally expensive, but provide accurate results especially in the case of motion errors. Other focusing techniques neglect such errors and try to overcome the efficiency problem by using Doppler domain techniques [4]-[6]. They benefit from the existing literature in monostatic focussing to provide adequate solutions to some idealised bistatic scenarios. A third approach is presented in [7] which uses purely geometrical considerations to map a bistatic stationary survey into a monostatic one.

This paper addresses the efficient processing of airborne bistatic SAR data in the presence of motion errors. For this, the potential to adapt efficient airborne monostatic focussing algorithms to the stationary bistatic case will be analysed. A derivation of the point response in range-Doppler domain is presented; the differences between bistatic and monostatic point responses are outlined. Using these results, bistatic focussing solutions based on range-Doppler (RD) [9] and extended chirp scaling (ECS) [10] algorithms are analysed. Particular implementation problems, like Doppler parameter estimation and bistatic motion compensation [11] strategies are also presented. Finally, the algorithms are tested with real data from the DLR-ONERA bistatic airborne campaign.


NASA is hosting Louisiana Aerospace Day activities May 14 at the State Capitol in Baton Rouge. Media are invited to attend.


Objective To study the biology characteristic and molecular biology characteristic and the relations with in- fection of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica.Methods The gram-positive,slow-growing silk-form bacillus was obtained from the cultured specimen collected by lung puncture in CT,and the morphological,culture characteristics,cell-wall chemical composition and 16s RNA gene sequence were analyzed.Results The microorganism was identified as N.cyriacigeor- gica by the morphological,culture characteristics,cell-wall chemical composition analysis and 16sRNA gene sequencing. The sequenced gene fragment(1 429 bp)of the isolated strain was identical(100%)to the normal strain of N.cyriaci- georgica.Only two biochemical differences were founded between the isolated strain and normal strain.Conclusion The biological characteristics of Nocardia cyriacigeorgica was determined.


The opportunity to earn college credit while in high school is an attractive option for high school students to start a college career. The process is referred to as dual credit courses. In 2015 Texas law from House Bill 505 allows for high school freshmen and sophomores to take college courses to increase certificate and degree completion, thus meeting the goals of the Texas higher education masterplan. The purpose of the study was to examine how student characteristics among 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th-grade high school students relate to academic success in a dual credit environment. However, results showed a lack of participation grounded in the foundation of House Bill 505. Results of statistical and policy analyses show the law falls short of its intended outcomes and may have adverse effects.


Factors that affect the landslide stability have uncertain features, so it is very necessary to process reliability analysis in landslide stability. The methods of landslide stability reliability analysis have been introduced in this paper, including Monte Carlo simulation method, mean point method, checking point method and rosenblueth method. Based on the engineering geological property analysis of Erliban landslide, with the stability factor as performance function, the landslide stability reliability has been computed. The analysis results show that the landslide stability is worse and highly probable to cause failure under some conditions,which include the condition of 175 m water level accompanying rainstorm and the condition of the water level dropping from 175 m to 145 m accompanying rainstorm and the condition of rainstorm accompanying the earthquake of W degree. And it needs prevention.


According to the author, "This book contains a condensed popular description of the history of discoveries and mining of gold (in general) and nuggets (in particular) in Russia." Unlike other major gold-producing countries where lode (read "bedrock") gold mining prevails over placer


Abstract: The substation is one of the components of the electric power system that is an important role in the distribution of electrical energy and load regulation. In the process of distributing electrical energy, continuity of good service is needed, but the interferences still often occur, both internal and external. On Sunday, July 21, 2019 there was an  interference, Lakarsantri feeder CB failed to trip so make the incoming 20kV CB trip. That interference was caused by the burning of the Switching Substation in the Citraland area. Therefore, a new relay setting is needed as a recommendation to use transformator 2 to avoid the recurrence of a similar fault.
The relay settings have shown good results where the working time of the relay on the outgoing feeder side is faster than the incoming feeder 20kV and the incoming transformator 150kV side,  when coordination simulated using the E-TAP 12.6.0 software by entering the current setting and the time setting, it shows good coordination because when there is an interference on the outgoing feeder, CB outgoing feeder works first, not the incoming feeder 20kV CB or the incoming transformator 150kV CB.
Preventive maintenance on other equipment such as CB and CT need to be be done to increase of equipment reliability to reduce the occurs of protection failure or damage to the equipment


Model-based Low-Code systems rely on high-level specifications (models) to generate all artifacts of the resulting software. Such artifacts can be code, schemas, as well as data, and metadata. Maintaining consistency between models and artifacts generated from them is at the core of generative approaches in software engineering. Existing approaches have focused on the consistency problem between specific pairs of artifacts, such as models and their metamodels, class diagrams and generated code, and database schemas and data. Instead, we envision a holistic approach for maintaining the consistency that encompasses all generated artifacts. In this paper, we motivate our approach with a case study from a real model-driven software system. We identify scenarios where updates to either models or generated artifacts break consistency and outline a set of challenges and future research directions.


Self-pollinated lines of maize have been identified according to the content of alleles of fertility-restorer genes Rf4, Rf5, Rf6 of 'C' type of CMS. Genotype of the line SP 286 – rf4 rf4 rf5 rf5 rf6 rf6 possesses restorer genes in recessive state. Genotype of the line SP 357 possesses restorer genes in dominant state (Rf4, Rf5, Rf6). Genotype of the lines SP 275 and SP 331 possesses two restorer genes in dominant state and one gene in recessive state. The study results allow forecasting reaction of the lines on sterile cytoplasm 'C' type of CMS. Self-pollinated line SP 286 is going to possess sterile progeny in hybridization with any sterile lines. Fertility will completely be restored in any hybridization with the line SP 357. Fertility restoration in any hybridization with the lines SP 257 and SP 331 will depend on the genotype of the chosen pair. Classification of lines according to the content of fertility-restorer genes will allow finding a suitable program of transferring maize hybrids on a sterile basis and determining position of lines in a hybrid.


The studies about the folk-customs and the traditional-customs of the Busan province is not activate. For development of the Busan-studies, the studies about the folk-customs and the traditional-customs must be done first. When it would be performed well, the Busan-studies could be formed in a right way. Considering the things mentioned above, the editorial select some works of the folk-songs and the narrations which has regional distinctions, and analyze the structure of them. The editorial also introduce the present condition of the studies about the folks in the Busan province and give the question about folk-studies in future.


The sonolytic decomposition of NHCs(Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds), such as atrazine[6-chloro-N-ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], simazine(6-chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), trietazine(6-chloro-N,N,N'-triethyl-1,3, 5-triazine-2,4-diamine), in water was investigated at a ultrasound frequency of 200kHz with an acoustic intensity of 200W under argon and air atmospheres. The concentration of NHCs decreased with irradiation, indicating pseudo-first-order kinetics. The rates were in the range under air and under argon at a concentration of of NHCs. The rate of hydroxyl radicals() formation from water is under argon and under air in the same sonolysis conditions. The sonolysis of NHCs is effectively inhibited, but not completely, by the addition of t-BuOH(2-methyl-2-propanol), which is known to be an efficient radical scavenger in aqueous sonolysis. This suggests that the main decomposition of NHCs proceeds via reaction with radical; a thermal reaction also occurs, although its contribution is small. The addition of appropriate amounts of Fenton's reagent accelerates the decomposition. This is probably due to the regeneration of radicals from hydrogen peroxide, which would be formed from recombination of radicals and which may contribute a little to the decomposition.


To investigate the ageing characteristics of dam concrete, concrete core samples were obtained from an existing dam. The compressive strength and carbonation depth were determined. The relationship between compressive strength, carbonation depth and operation time were analyzed. The results show that the compressive strength of dam concrete increases with operational time, the increasing rate of compressive strength was gradually decreased, and the compressive strength gradually increases with depth carbonation growth. There was a certain correlation between compressive strength, operational time and depth carbonation. The research results will provide a reference for the safety evaluation of hydraulic concrete structures in service.


The utility model relates to a miniature lens adaption structure and a miniature lens adaption cover. The miniature lens adaption cover comprises a circular cover body. A center of the cover body is provided with a through hole. A front end of the through hole is internally provided with a plurality of step surfaces. A rear end of the through hole is internally provided with a boss used for stretching in a front hole in a lens. The edge of an inner end of the through hole is provided with a dispensing groove used for glue injection to combine the lens and the cover body. By mounting the adaption cover on the lens, the service lives of the lens and the camera are ensured, and the dismounting is enabled to be more convenient and rapid.


Summary Cassia absus L. is a medicinal plant with commercial value. In order to establish a protocol for its regeneration from nodal explants, C. absus was proliferated in vitro using 1.0_ Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3% (w/v) sucrose, 0.8% (w/v) agar, 0.05% (w/v) charcoal, and different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), kinetin, zeatin, or isopentenyl adenine (2iP) under controlled temperature, humidity, and light conditions. Shoot induction was achieved at various rates on all media tested. MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 BAP gave the optimum results for shoot initiation and proliferation, with an average shoot length of 12.4 mm and an average of 2.7 leaves per shoot.The effect of 0.5 mg l-1 BAP combined with 0.1 mg l-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) was also tested under the same conditions to improve growth and increase shoot length. Shoots induced on this medium were significantly longer (13.4 mm) with more leaves (3.3 per shoot) than on 1.0_ MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 BAP alone. Explants with developed micro-shoots were transferred to 1.0_ MS multiplication medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 GA3 plus different concentrations and combinations of BAP and an auxin [1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indole 3-butyric acid (IBA)] for shoot multiplication and elongation. The maximum average of shoot length (35.0 mm) and the highest shoot elongation rate (SER = 2.4 mm shoot-1 week-1) were recorded on 1.0_ MS medium containing 0.5 mg l-1 BAP, 0.1 mg l-1 NAA, and 0.1 mg l-1 GA3. The elongated micro-shoots were excised and transferred onto to 1.0_ or 0.5_ MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of IBA or NAA for root induction. Shoots grown on 0.5_ MS medium with 2 mg l-1 IBA gave the maximum rooting percentage (93.8%) compared to those on 1.0_ MS medium (25%). A protocol for direct shoot induction has been established, however further research must be undertaken to increase the rate of shoot multiplication to produce viable plants.


Our results and those of previous studiesshow that the relationship between structural modificationand biological properties, strongly depends on the identity ofthe functional groups attached to the feruloyl structure. Among the useful biological properties of curcumin, theinhibitory property against adipocyte proliferation and differ-entiation has received significant attention because theseprocesses are critical in the development of obesity, which isa main cause of chronic diseases such as type II diabetes andcardiovascular disease.


During 1970s, coral skeleton oxygen isotope composition ( δ 18 O) was regarded as the isotopic thermometer following thermodynamic rules. Recently, coral aragonite oxygen isotopic fractionation could appear to be controlled by biology, its rate being accelerated by an enzyme (carbonic anhydrase or CA). Such a new concept results of an original approach involving coral culture in controlled conditions. Environmental factors, temperature and also light have been tested on macrosize scale samples (some mg), and δ 18 O revealed vital effects, anomalies compared with chemical and isotopic equilibrium, related to metabolic activity. δ 18 O analyses at microsize scale (some μ m), using ion microprobe, could display the mechanism of crystallisation, δ 18 O fractionation responding to biological kinetic effects. The understanding of coral aragonite δ 18 O is the absolute prerequisite to develop the first model of a coral proxy.


IN 1942, Degos, Delort and Tricot described a disorder characterized bypapular elements with a tendency to atrophy, and by a violent intestinal episode terminated by death. We later changed our original designation of " atrophic papulo-squamous dermatitis " to " malignant atrophic papulosis " in order to emphasize this fatal prognosis, (Degos et al., 1948 ; Degos, 1952). An identical observation was reported in 1948 by Tzanck, Civatte and Sidi under the name of " guttate, porcelain-like erythema " (1948). It seems that a third case was observed in France by Merklen and Cottenot in 1950. We have recently learned of two other observations, precisely comparable with these, which were described as intestinal thrombo-angciitis obliterans with skin lesions, one by Kohlmeier in 1941, the other by Lausecker in 1949, in a pubhcation to which R. L. Sutton drew our attention. From these four or five cases, four male and one female, we may draw a clinical picture unchanging in its symptomatology and evolution.


The microcalorimeter technique continues to be the key technique for the realization of the primary power standards in the high frequency, because at the state of the art, only it allows tracing the power standards to the direct current standard, that is a SI quantity. This traceability is obtained through the determination of the effective efficiency, usually indicated by € ηe, of a power sensor as a frequency function. Even though since long time the microcalorimeter is a highly explored measurement system, the first realizations being dated from the late of 1950s, still it is possible to propose improvements that should finally increase its accuracy. Actually this one ranges realistically from 0.2% to 2%, if a significant frequency band is considered, e.g. from the radio frequencies to the millimeter waves. Better values are obtainable below 1 GHz, but beyond 18 GHz a 2% still is a challenge, particularly for power sensors in coaxial line of 3.5 mm, 2.92 mm and 2.4 mm. Waveguide power sensors allow to obtain the mentioned accuracy more easily, but in some frequency bands they are no longer available and coaxial solution could be mandatory. In the paper we highlight the limiting factors of the coaxial microcalorimeter accuracy and how we worked around to improve the technique. INTRODUCTION Microcalorimeter was developed for bolometer sensors based on thermistors mainly, because these allow measuring the high frequency (HF) power by means of the DC power substitution method. Up to now thermistors have been working well, even if they are downward frequency limited, that is, not usable below 10 MHz or more realistically 50 MHz. However, power sensors based on indirect heating thermocouples have been successfully used as an alternative to the thermistors for realizing the HF power standard up to 26.5 GHz in 3.5 mm coaxial line. The upper frequency limit has been recently extended up to 40 GHz in 2.92 mm coaxial line and in a near future is expected up to 50 GHz by using the 2.4 mm coaxial line. The change in the microcalorimeter technique is more then an option, because thermistors are no more available in waveguide mounts and rumors exist that even the production of the coaxial versions could be suspended by the manufactures in favor of the more commercial thermocouples or diodes. Anyway, the use of the thermocouples in realizing of the HF power standards turned out to be an improvement to the technique, in some sense. Thermocouples are not downward frequency limited; they can accept as reference power both DC power and low frequency (LF) power; this sensor type, that still is a true r.m.s. sensor, is not sensitive to the absolute temperature like thermistors, a particular that make the device more efficient in the power standard transfer. Thermocouples have been used as traveling standards in an international CCEM comparison (CCEM.RF-K10.CL) in which the authors experimented for the first time a new twin-type coaxial microcalorimeter specifically optimized for such sensors. Using thermocouples as transfer standards, the classic microcalorimeter technique requires some small changes and the final result is a more simple calibration process. The limiting factor in the microcalorimeter technique is related to the losses of the insulating line that supply HF or both HF and LF to power sensor under calibration. The advances in the hardware are no more enough efficient because beyond 1 GHz the line losses may not be reduced up to be negligible, even through a more accurate fabrication process of the items. The right way is therefore that to determine the losses or mainly the effect they have on the measurand. In other words it is necessary to determine accurately the efficiency of the microcalorimeter by means of a calibration process. This is everything but not academic, because it requires changes in the hardware configuration of the microcalorimeter, with the possibility to measure irrelevant parameters for the power sensor under calibration. MICROCALORIMETER The Microcalorimeter is a relatively simple measurement system adjusted for measuring power ratios rather then absolute power levels [1]. A thermostat insulates a power sensor that realizes the thermal load of the microcalorimeter from the external environment while transmission lines with low thermal conductance supply the power sensor alternatively with HF power and DC or LF reference power levels. This power substitution allows the development of two different states of thermodynamic equilibrium inside the thermostat, while a thermopile detects continuously the temperature variations of the thermal load associated to each state change. Based on the experimentally verified assumption that the thermopile response is linear with the temperature, the requested quantity € ηe, the effective efficiency of the power sensor [2], is determined as ratio of two thermopile outputs, each one corresponding to different thermal equilibrium conditions. Several microcalorimeter designs were developed [1], but the twin type model, as schematized in Fig. 1, reveals to be the most efficient [3]. In this version the thermal load consists of a couple of twin power sensors, one of which is never supplied with HF-power because has to work only as thermal reference. Originally microcalorimeter was developed for bolometers, resistive power sensors needing a DC-bias. This fixes the working point of the sensors and allows measuring the HF-power by means of the DC power substitution method [1]. Bolometers probably will disappear from the market, but they may be substituted more efficiently by thermocouples that already have been successfully used in a CCEM key comparison [5]. Indirect heating thermocouple are not downward frequency limited like bolometers, furthermore they are not so sensitive to the absolute temperature that is a well appreciated feature for a standard. The use of thermocouples is itself an improvement to the microcalorimeter technique therefore. The accuracy of the technique is limited mainly by the parasitic losses on the insulation lines to the range (0.2 – 2.0)%, being the best value obtainable with waveguide mounts or only below 1 GHz about if coaxial power sensors are considered. The diminution of the losses and their consequence on the measurand are not possible by means hardware refinements only, especially in the case of the coaxial lines with small diameter. Therefore, for the increasing of the microcalorimeter accuracy, it is necessary to measure the losses and to correct for their effects on the measurand. All this consists in the microcalorimeter calibration, an operation not trivial because it requires the change of the electrical and the thermodynamic configuration of the system, with the risk to get irrelevant results for the power sensor under calibration. The authors have developed calibration processes that reduce the mentioned risk and along with a more careful data analysis should produce a significant improvement of the microcalorimeter accuracy [5]. In the following we present this process applied to the thermoelectric power sensors. MICROCALORIMETER CALIBRATION AND MEASUREMENT THEORY As reported in previous papers [1], [3], [6] the microcalorimeter behaviour is described by the electro-thermal equation: € e =αR K1PinS + K2PinL ( )HF (1) Fig. 1. Twin type microcalorimeter scheme. It follows as an application of the superimposition principle of the linear effects in our measurement system and € e is the thermopile output voltage, € PinS the total power dissipated in the sensor mount, € PinL the feeding line losses and


A large number of typical fault cases accumulated in the informatization work of State Grid Corporation of China are mostly descriptive text data, which is difficult to understand and analyze by means of automation. In view of this problem, text mining technology is used to extract fault problems and causes from fault cases to form the causal relationship of faults, so as to provide necessary conditions for the next step of fault text mining. This system uses the method of text clustering for fault location and auxiliary research. First of all,do the segmentation of fault information and processing scheme, in this step, the Chinese word segmentation is carried out by using the Jieba word segmentation tool. Secondly, it is necessary to clean the segmentation results and build a corpus. Thirdly, in order to represent the corpus as the type that the computer can calculate the similarity, we need to transform the corpus into frequency matrix. And then instead of using traditional k-means clustering algorithm to cluster, we use the calinski_harabaz score to evaluate the best value of K. Finally, we put this model into application in actual production, build the fault information and solution mapping table.


In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in the study of Islam worldwide, both within the Muslim community and outside it. Such interest is contributing to significant changes in the way that the study of Islam is both conceptualized and taught in the region. Once dominated by scriptural interpretation and exegesis, for some years there has been a growing trend towards the use of new disciplinary approaches in the understanding of various religion-influenced phenomena in Muslim societies. The field of Islamic Studies now encompasses a wide variety of disciplines, including those of anthropology, sociology, political science, economics, and the more interdisciplinary fields of gender studies and area studies. Outside of Islamic Studies scholars in these disciplines are also turning their attention to the study of issues pertaining to Muslims and Islam. The topics which such scholarship seeks to understand in Muslim societies are also increasingly diverse, and include democracy and political pluralism, secularism, gender, law, human rights, ethics, economic development, the environment, popular culture, consumerism, Islamic finance, even management and organizational theory. (Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad, 2011). Recently, the Islamic education in Southeast Asia has become an object of international attention. However, the development of Islamiceducation should primarily be seen as having been determined by the unique historical circumstances of each country. The landscape of Islamic Studies in the various countries represented in this volume is the outcome of long struggles with governments, religious bureaucracies, and different religious schools of thought, protecting varying interests – political and economic, as well as scholarly


The North Sakhalin Basin Province of eastern Russia contains one Total Petroleum System (TPS) North Sakhalin Neogene with more than 6 BBOE known, ultimately recoverable petroleum (61% gas, 36% oil, 3% condensate). Tertiary rocks in the basin were deposited by the prograding paleo-Amur River system. Marine to continental, Middle to Upper Miocene shale to coaly shale source rocks charged marine to continental Middle Miocene to Pliocene sandstone reservoir rocks in Late Miocene to Pliocene time. Fractured, self-sourced, Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene siliceous shales also produce hydrocarbons. Geologic history is that of a Mesozoic Asian passive continental margin that was transformed into an active accretionary Tertiary margin and Cenozoic fold belt by the collision of India with Eurasia and by the subduction of Pacific Ocean crustal plates


An introduction to sleep processes and sleep disorders the presentation of insomnia at the clinic theoretical models of insomnia the assessment of insomnia information and advice for insomniac patients - non-specific treatment relaxation-based treatments of insomnia cognitive treatments of insomnia stimulus control procedures in the management of insomnia comparative outcome studies involving relaxation, paradox and stimulus control treatments practical management of the hypnotic-dependent insomniac.


Despite a slowing in economic activity both internationally and nationally, the Australian rail transport industry (ARTI) is still reporting the existence of skill shortages amongst specified professions. This paper explores this interesting phenomenon more closely by analysing the ARTI workforce and providing a contemporary profile of its major employment trends and characteristics, using the most recently released ABS Census data. Like other industries the ARTI experienced substantial rationalisation of its workforce during the 1990's which resulted in considerable downsizing of employee numbers, reduced intake of young recruits and a significant decrease in training investment and skills development. The combined effect has left the ARTI facing several personnel problems including widespread labour shortfalls, an aging workforce and difficulties in relation to staff attraction and retention. The ARTI's heavy reliance on the skills of its personnel therefore means that such labour issues are likely to have important implications for the industry's prospective output capacity.


The objective of this analysis is to determine if ventilation ductwork in Building 776/777 will maintain their structural integrity during expected fire conditions as well as standard design fires typically used to ascertain fire resistance ratings. If the analysis shows that ductwork will not maintain structural integrity, the impact of this failure will be determined and analyzed, and alternative solutions recommended. Associated with this analysis is the development of a computer fire model which can be used as an engineering tool in analyzing the effect of fires on ductwork in other areas and buildings.


This study was carried out under the premise that lack of grammatical education with overall emphasized fluency is not desirable and the grammatical education can function fully to improve the communicative competence. To support this, the studies that attempted comparative linguistics, universal la...


Background and Purpose Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE) mediated chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique on the basis of saturation transfer between exchanging protons of tissue proteins and bulk water. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the information provided by three dimensional NOE mediated CEST at 7 Tesla (7T) and standard MRI in glioblastoma patients. Patients and Methods Twelve patients with newly diagnosed histologically proven glioblastoma were enrolled in this prospective ethics committee–approved study. NOE mediated CEST contrast was acquired with a modified three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence and asymmetry analysis was conducted at 3.3ppm (B1 = 0.7 µT) to calculate the magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym). Contrast enhanced T1 (CE-T1) and T2-weighted images were acquired at 3T and used for data co-registration and comparison. Results Mean NOE mediated CEST signal based on MTRasym values over all patients was significantly increased (p<0.001) in CE-T1 tumor (−1.99±1.22%), tumor necrosis (−1.36±1.30%) and peritumoral CEST hyperintensities (PTCH) within T2 edema margins (−3.56±1.24%) compared to contralateral normal appearing white matter (−8.38±1.19%). In CE-T1 tumor (p = 0.015) and tumor necrosis (p<0.001) mean MTRasym values were significantly higher than in PTCH. Extent of the surrounding tumor hyperintensity was smaller in eight out of 12 patients on CEST than on T2-weighted images, while four displayed at equal size. In all patients, isolated high intensity regions (0.40±2.21%) displayed on CEST within the CE-T1 tumor that were not discernible on CE-T1 or T2-weighted images. Conclusion NOE mediated CEST Imaging at 7T provides additional information on the structure of peritumoral hyperintensities in glioblastoma and displays isolated high intensity regions within the CE-T1 tumor that cannot be acquired on CE-T1 or T2-weighted images. Further research is needed to determine the origin of NOE mediated CEST and possible clinical applications such as therapy assessment or biopsy planning.


Designing an optimal controller for practical systems is rewarding yet challenging due to its intricate dynamics, nonlinearity, and time-varying characteristics. This paper proposes an automatic method to design an optimal neural network controller, AutoNN, for practical applications. The AutoNN grows the neural architecture for minimal structural size, with a genetic algorithm to train the discrete structural and continuous weight parameters. This enables the neural controller to generate its required structure adaptively from the distinct characteristics of the plant being controlled, ultimately achieving optimal control. Further, AutoNN alleviates the labour-intensive process of manually adjusting hyperparameters through iterative experimentation. The efficacy of AutoNN is evaluated in designing a nonlinear controller for a complex heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system. The AutoNN approach and its performance are compared with present training methods for neural controllers, such as those based on multilayer perceptron, recurrent, and long short-term memory neural networks. AutoNN achieves a more compact structure with higher control performance than them and the widely used traditional controller, PID.


These books deal with at least part of the story of New Labour from its distant origins in the 1970s, if we accept Meredith's conclusions about them, to the present. Meredith focuses on the right wing of the Parliamentary Labour Party (plp) in the 1970s while the Daniels/ Mcllroy book addresses the response of trade unions to neoliberalism, particularly since the advent of Blair's "New Labour" government in 1997. This obviously leaves much out. Chronologically the biggest gap is the 1980s, which saw the rise in the early years of the decade of the breakaway Social Democratic Party, seemingly on course for a while to challenge Labour as the main opposition party but which ended by amalgamating with the Liberals to form the Liberal Democrats. We do not hear much from Meredith about right wing Labour beyond the plp in the 1970s, and the parliamentary and extra-parliamentary Left of recent years, when it appears in Daniels and Mcllroy, is seen from the trade union standpoint. Nevertheless, both books can help to construct a coherent narrative and analysis of the whole New Labour enterprise. Trade Unions in a Neoliberal World is not short of things to say about this, but it is also a valuable compendium of information and analysis of contemporary trade unionism in Britain, so it makes sense to consider this first. The details given of so many aspects of the fortunes of trade unionism since 1997 are both valuable in themselves review essay / note critique


The ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO 9001 are analyzed. The comparative analysis of these management systems is made. On the basis of similarities and differences of quality management system and information security management system is shown the possibility of their integration, as well as the advantages of this solution. The advantages and disadvantages of data management systems, statistics on the number of certificates issued in the world by the relevant standards and trends in their distribution is discussed. The conclusions about the opportunities and needs of integration data management systems are given. Keywords: quality management system, information security management system.


To the Editor: —I would appreciate the receipt from readers ofThe Journalof the names and addresses of hospitals facing public parks. I wish the information to present to our city council, which is considering an ordinance prohibiting the building of a hospital within 200 feet of a public park.


Front:
Text describes action on various war fronts: Aegean Sea, Italy, Corsica, Russia, Norway, Southwest Pacific, Air offensive.

Maps show Greece and Turkey, Eastern front, Central Italy.

Includes photographs: Soldier killed by booby-trap, "Battleship X" is the USS South Dakota, Brenner Pass, Resting American soldiers following a battle in Munda.

Back:
Typical German infantry regiment. Illustration shows regiment. Text gives detailed description of Regimental Headquarters Company, Battalion Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, Battalions, Infantry and Motorized Companies.


The present invention, a) at least 50% of at least one structure forming amphiphile, b) 0 to 40 percent of at least one structural expandable amphiphile, c) 2 to 20% of at least one dispersion and a liquid stabilizing polymer amphiphiles (all parts are given by weight relative to the sum of the weights of a + b + c), particle composition to form a non-lamellar particles are contacted with or aqueous solvent comprises a non-lamellar particles to provide things. If component b) is 0%, component a) comprises at least two structure-forming amphiphile. The present invention also provides a kit comprising a pharmaceutical composition of the composition, the composition for creating a pharmaceutical formulation of the active agent.


In this paper first, c-axis oriented AlN Piezoelectric thin film is deposited on Mo/SiO2 substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering method. Second, fabricated cantilever structure of deposited multilayered thin films using dry, followed by the wet etching process to complement each other to easily release the cantilever for MEMs piezoelectric energy harvester application. Deposited thin films characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the c-axis oriented growth of AlN film and peak due to (110) plane of deposited molybdenum (Mo) film. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the surface roughness of films. Fabricated cantilever structures are characterized using field electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Measured full width of half maxima (FWHM) of deposited AlN and Mo films are 0.82 ° and 0.38° respectively, confirming good quality of films. Before, releasing of cantilever structures by the wet etching process, dry etching was used to help in easy to release and also reduced the cantilever releasing time. It was obverted that cantilevers were released within 1 hours 15 minutes using first, dry etching followed by the wet etching process, which is 2.5 times faster than only by wet etching process.


Enhanced optical switches structure can now handle multicast routing in the optical layer. For an optical node to be able to do branching in the physical layer, it must be equipped with a light splitter. Light splitters are expensive equipment. A lot of work had been done in order to reduce the cost of implementing splitters within the network. Moreover, the internal structure of a splitter is enhanced to reduce its cost, and the power loss resulted of multiple splitting. Efficient placement of splitters in the network leads to a reduction in the cost of the network design, and the cost of the generated trees. The splitting capability of each splitter plays an important role on how much branching can be done on the optical node. Also, the splitting capability affects the power loss done on each branching node, and consequently the final power received by each member. This paper studies the effect of the splitting factor on the cost of the generated trees and the value of the power received by each of the multicast group members.


The effect of the particle size of a model inert additive—a dolomite, commercially available in a wide range of grades with varying particle sizes—on the surface roughness of a coated tablet has been studied using a stylus surface roughness measuring instrument. With all grades with a maximum particle size below 10–15 μm there was only a marginal increase in roughness on the addition of the material at low concentrations with a marked increase at concentrations in excess of 20–30% v/v. With the largest particle size material (mean size 18 μm) there was a marked increase in surface roughness at low concentrations with a decrease at higher concentrations. The different trends were due to the influence of the inherent roughness of the tablet substrate used. The results illustrate the potential of this accurate, rapid, simple and non‐destructive technique in the optimization of film formulations during product development.


We suggest a method for minimizing the paging on a system with a very heavy memory usage. Sometimes there are processes with active memory allocations that should be in the physical memory, but their total size exceeds the physical memory range. In such cases, the operating system starts swapping pages in and out of the memory on every context switch. We minimize this thrashing by splitting the processes into a number of bins, using Bin Packing approximation algorithms. We modify the scheduler to have two levels of scheduling---medium-term scheduling and short-term scheduling. The medium-term scheduler switches the bins in a Round-Robin manner, whereas the short-term scheduler runs the standard Linux scheduler among the processes in each bin. We show that this feature does not impose modifications on the shared memory maintenance. In addition, we show how to adjust the new scheduler to fit some elements of the original scheduler like priority and real-time privileges. Experimental results show significant improvement on heavily loaded memories. The code of this project is free and can be found in http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~reubenm.


Normalised cut method has been effectively used for image segmentation by representing an image as weighted graph in global view. It does segmentation via partitioning the graphs into sub-graphs. Clustering algorithm is implemented such that sub-graphs with common similarities are grouped together into one cluster and separates sub-graphs that are dissimilar into distinctive clusters. Clustered segments from the normalised cuts are then produced. As the clusters initialisation gives influence to the segmentation result, optimisation of the clustering algorithm is implemented to achieve better segmentation. With the approach applied in the normalised cuts based image segmentation, the constraint of using normalised cuts algorithm in image segmentation can be alleviated. In this paper, evaluation of the clustering algorithm with the normalised cuts image segmentation on images has been carried out and the effect of different image complexity towards normalised cuts segmentation process is presented.


Through the application of swimming pool heating with solar energy,the application of Swimming Pool Heating with solar energy is presented.The author analyses the working performance and economical effi-ciency of the syetem,and points out that although the usage of solar energy is limited,if the way is practicable,it is obvious that the solar energy can take the place of the traditional energy and produces advanced economic profits and environmental protection profits.


Western social and political thought has a longstanding tradition of thinking of social cohesion and political community as arising out of unity, commonality, and shared values. Conversely, difference threatens community and is seen as a source of conflict. More recently, attending to the politics of difference has come to be viewed as necessary for managing conflict and for the pursuit of a just politics. Against this background, Simon Harrison offers an alternative and innovative reading of the politics of cultural identity and social order which shows that the currently dominant approach to difference is probably misguided. Harrison achieves this by pursuing a less well known theme in Western thought, following Rene Girard, Gregory Bateson and others. This theme understands 'conflict as arising . . . from too much alikeness', and social order as requiring that 'social actors maintain a degree of mutual differentiation and distance' (p. 153). So contrary to received wisdom, individual or group ethnic identity is not so much threatened by 'the existence of others who are ''different''' (p. 99). Rather, the fundamental threat to individual or group 'being is the possibility of slippage into undifferentiation, of falling back into homogeneity, or lapsing into similarity with outsiders' (p. 99). In other words, people's identities are put at risk by too much sameness with others, rather than by their difference. The book is structured in ten relatively short chapters in addition to an introduction and conclusion. Harrison develops his counterintuitive argument through diverse and often stimulating examples drawn from discussions of Melanesian warfare to notions of 'cultural piracy and pollution' in European nationalisms and, on a micro scale, a conflict about the ownership of the figure of Father Christmas (p. 135). The reader finds that the proprietary dimension of Melanesian identity, demonstrated in traditional efforts to safeguard cultural practices from outsiders, resonates with the way contemporary corporations such as Harrods attempt to preserve their trademarks (p. 30). Also, we are shown that the genesis of ethnic communities in colonial India involved 'a process of mutual disengagement among communities once deeply imbricated in one another' (p. 58). Through these and many other examples, Harrison shows that conflict often arises not out of difference per se, but through the tensions and contestations accompanying disguised commonalities. Along with forerunners like Girad, Bateson and Freud, Harrison identifies the 'deeply ambivalent nature of relations of resemblance' (p. 36). In this perspective 'a vital dimension of social identity . . . can be threatened by similarity and can experience the mimetic acts of others as injuries' (p. 36). Anthropological Forum Vol. 18, No. 2, July 2008, 179 – 207


The present study was conducted to model the Leaf Folder pest population in Paddy at Agricultural Research Station, Bapatla. The secondary data between 2012-13 to 2020-21 was considered based on data availability. Correlation and stepwise regression were used to check the relationship between pest and weather parameters. The Minimum temperature had significant negative correlation and maximum temperature and maximum temperature and rainfall were significantly contributed, and having negative impact on Leaf Folder population. Count time series and machine learning models are used for fitting the Leaf Folder dataset. INGARCH-ANN model outperformed well than INGARCH, ZIPAR, ZINBAR, ANN models based on error comparison criteria (MSE and RMSE) and the statistical significance between the models utilized in the study were determined by Diebold-Marino test statistic (DM test). The order of prediction accuracy of the models under consideration is INGARCH-ANN>ANN >ZINBAR>ZIPAR>INGARCH.


Based on the Web log mining,this paper presents a Web page recommender systen.With an analysis of the Web usage by using Web log mining ane related technology,the system mines some Web Pages that are similar to the user visiting Web pages and recommends them for visitors,thereby offering a more humane webpage.


During entry, the decomposition of the TPS material resin by the pyrolysis process produces blowing gases that are injected in the boundary layer. Induced by the blowing gas, the blockage phenomenon has a strong effect on the level of heat-fluxes during entry. For example, during the preparation of the Stardust mission, numerical simulations have established a decrease of 35% of the heat-flux at the stagnation point when the blockage was accounted for. This phenomenon is strongly link to turbulence and to the porous aspects of the material. As a consequence, for some planetary entries and Earth super-orbital reentries characteristic of sample return missions, blockage is one of the key issues that have to be addressed. Here, the experimental, numerical and flight data obtained for different missions involving high level of heat-fluxes are gathered and discussed. The models for convective blockage found in the literature have been reviewed in order to propose a generic way to estimate this phenomenon.


PurposeThis paper aims at assessing the role of authenticity of local food in contributing to tourism as an ecosystem service in a small mountain tourism destination, i.e. Alagna Valsesia (North-West of Italy).Design/methodology/approachA mix method approach has been adopted. The research has been carried out by using both CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) and PAPI (Paper And Pen Interview) methodologies for surveys on the accommodation facilities managers and tourists. In addition, an analysis of electronic word-of-mouth platforms (TripAdvisor and Google) was implemented to understand more in-depth the local foodservice.FindingsFindings show that Alagna Valsesia embodies its authenticity with the tradition of the local culture, characterised by natural heritage and Walser uses. Some tools are identified to improve the attractiveness of the tourist destination.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this study can be found in the study' application to a rather limited and geographically restricted area.Practical implicationsThe results provided by this study can help local policy-makers in driving local policies and public funds in implementing ecotourism based practices.Originality/valueAlthough the role of local food has been much studied in relation to the tourism sector, to the knowledge of the authors, this contribution represents a first attempt to analyse local food's role in terms of local food's crossover contribution to supporting cultural tourism.


Heretofore observations of minute surface changes in tooth structures have been made with the aid of several methods of varying accuracy. Visual inspection is the most primitive and inaccurate, but nevertheless most often used technic. It must be recognized that this method has many limitations and therefore is applicable, at best, only for preliminary study. Linear, weight, or volume measurements of changes on tooth surfaces are better methods but here again many difficulties are evident. For instance, since surface changes after application of drugs or other chemicals are usually slight, measurements of dimensional changes or weight losses or gains lack accuracy. Then too, delicate allocation of changes to specific surface portions is almost impossible. Photographic reproduction using reflected light is probably the best method thus far employed. Even with this fine technic certain difficulties present themselves. When we deal with a very smooth or a very dull surface, pictures obtained are not very instructive. It is difficult to observe small changes in the surface. In addition to this, intensity and angle of illumination are rather critical. In many instances, apparent extreme variations can be shown in the same surface merely by changing the angle of the incident light. Another technic for observing changes in relatively thick specimens is frequently used for histologic studies. Thin ground sections are made and observed either by transillumination, or by reflected light as mentioned above. This technic is admirable when only a few sections of a given piece of material are desired. The number of serial sections that can be made from any given sample is obviously limited. In 1940 a technic was introduced2 which consists essentially of making a micro-impression of a surface in a transparent plastic, and viewing this impression under magnification. A similar technic, known as the "Fax-film"3 has been suggested for the study of metallographic surfaces. The Fax-film technic is accepted by the Bureau of Standards as a method of comparing roughness of surfaces. An application of this micro-impression technic has been adapted to the study of tooth surfaces. A description of the essentials of this method follows.


Field: Physical Activity has an accepted role in cardiac rehabilitation, which is due to more for its positive effects on blood stream of cardiac muscle in coronary artery patients. The mechanism of this improvement is questionable and improvement of medium vascular system and contractile function of cardiac's muscle have suggested as possible adjustments. The aim of this study is the study of combinational exercise on left ventricular contractile function in the patients with coronary artery disease. Methodology: Twenty-four (24) coronary artery patients were divided into two experimental groups (average age: 60+/6 old, average weight: 74+/kg, and average index of body mass: 26+/-4) as randomly (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Experimental group participated in combinational exercise for 3 months, three times in a week for 60-80 minutes and the maximum heart beat was seen in 70% to 85% and 40% to 60% participated in a maximum repetition. The studied variables were evaluated primarily and at the end of plan with Impedance Cardiography method. Findings: The exercises caused meaningful decreasing of heart beat and rest blood pressure of patients. Acceleration index of blood output (ACI) increased from 0.49+/0.14 to 0.78+/-0.24 in square seconds (P<0.05). Velocity Index of blood output (VI) increased from 36+/-9 to 47+/-8 milli seconds (P<0.05). Left Cardiac Work Index (LCWI) increased from 3+/-1 to 4+/-1 kgm/square meters (P<0.05). Pre Ejection Period of blood (PEP) decreased from 91+/12 to 68+/-19 milli seconds. The Systolic Time Ratio (STR) decreased from 28+/5 to 21+/-6 (P<0.05). Left Ventricular Ejection Time (LVET) had no meaningful change. Conclusion: We concluded that the combinational exercise may cause the improvement of cardiac muscle contractile function in patients with coronary artery disease.


Purpose To examine the reliability of a perceptually-regulated maximal exercise test (PRETmax) to measure peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) during handcycle exercise and to compare peak responses to those derived from a ramp-incremented protocol (RAMP). Methods Twenty recreationally active individuals (14 male, 6 female) completed four trials across a 2-week period, using a randomised, counterbalanced design. Participants completed two RAMP protocols (20 W·min-1) in week 1, followed by two PRETmax in week 2, or vice versa. The PRETmax comprised five, 2-min stages clamped at Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) 11, 13, 15, 17 and 20. Participants changed power output (PO) as often as required to maintain target RPE. Gas exchange variables (oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation), heart rate (HR) and PO were collected throughout. Differentiated RPE were collected at the end of each stage throughout trials. Results For relative V˙O2peak, coefficient of variation (CV) was equal to 4.1% and 4.8%, with ICC(3,1) of 0.92 and 0.85 for repeated measures from PRETmax and RAMP, respectively. Measurement error was 0.15 L·min-1 and 2.11 ml·kg-1·min-1 in PRETmax and 0.16 L·min-1 and 2.29 ml·kg-1·min-1 during RAMP for determining absolute and relative V˙O2peak, respectively. The difference in V˙O2peak between PRETmax and RAMP was tending towards statistical significance (26.2 ± 5.1 versus 24.3 ± 4.0 ml·kg-1·min-1, P = 0.055). The 95% LoA were -1.9 ± 4.1 (-9.9 to 6.2) ml·kg-1·min-1. Conclusion The PRETmax can be used as a reliable test to measure V˙O2peak during handcycle exercise in recreationally active participants. Whilst PRETmax tended towards significantly greater V˙O2peak values than RAMP, the difference is smaller than measurement error of determining V˙O2peak from PRETmax and RAMP.


Using the theory of cultural areas and combined with the objective law of regional difference existing in the sports culture features of national traditional festival of our country,it divided this kind of sports culture into six regions,which were the northeast,the north China,the south China,the southwest,the northwest and Qinhai-Tibet.It pointed out the geographical distribution features of China's national traditional festival's sports culture,for instance,the distributive scope of different events had differences,the national traditional festival's sports events with distinct national features were on the whole the same with the regional distribution of nations and the same event had different feature in the different region,too,and expounded the natural,social,economic and cultural factors of influencing the geographical distribution of China's national traditional festival's sports culture and so on.


BAYSTAR provides Bayesian MCMC methods for iteratively sampling to provide parameter estimates and inference for the two-regime SETAR model. A convenient user interface for importing data from a file or specifying true values for simulated data is easy to apply for analysis. Parameter inferences are summarized to an easily readable format. Simultaneously, the checking of convergence can be done by monitoring the MCMC trace plots and autocorrelograms.


Through composing the discussion and the research on the creating principle of sports dance,its movement essential factor and the music compiles,combining with the students' characteristic,the paper elaborates the method of university sports dance composes,and through the teaching practice,proposes the model of the university sports dance music and the dance step teaching pattern,discusses the teaching method of the university sports dance,for the purpose of improving the teaching quality of the universities sports dance,advancing the dance development of university sports.