In the closing months of World War II and the latter half of the 1940s, the Soviet Union oversaw the estab lishment of Communist regimes throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Over the next four decades, those regimes constituted what was informally known as the Soviet bloc. Initially, China, which fell under Commu nist rule in 1949, was also part of the bloc. Th e fi rst major breach in the Soviet bloc occurred in 1948, when Yugo slavia was expelled amid a deepening rift with the Soviet Union. A more serious breach occurred at the end of the 1950s, when a bitter dispute erupted between China and the Soviet Union and soon became irreconcilable. The Sino-Soviet rift also inspired Albania to leave the bloc. Aside from these three breaches, however, the So viet bloc remained intact until 1989, when the collapse of East European communism put an end to the bloc once and for all. Formation of the Bloc and the Stalinist Legacy The establishment of communism in Eastern Europe proceeded at varying rates. In Yugoslavia and Albania, the indigenous Communist parties led by Josip Broz Tito and Enver Hoxha had obtained suffi cient political leverage and military strength through their roles in the anti-Nazi resistance to eliminate their opposition and as sume outright power as World War II drew to a close. In the Soviet zone of Germany, the Soviet occupation forces and control commission enabled the Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) to gain preeminent power well before the East German state was formed in 1949. Similarly, in Bulgaria and Ro mania, Communist-dominated governments were im posed under Soviet pressure in early 1945. Elsewhere in the region, events followed a more grad ual pattern. Exiles returning from Moscow played a cru cial role in the formation of what initially were broad coalition governments, which carried out extensive land redistribution and other long-overdue economic and political reforms. The reform process, though, was kept under tight Communist control, and the top jobs in the Ministry of Internal Affairs were reserved exclusively for Communist Party members. From those posts, they could oversee the purging of the local police forces, the execution of "collaborators," the control and censorship of the media, and the ouster and intimidation of nonCommunist ministers and legislators. Supported by the tanks and troops of the Soviet Army, the Communist parties gradually solidified their hold through the de termined use of what the Hungarian Communist Party leader Mátyás Rákosi called "salami tactics." Moscow's supervision over the communization of the region was further strengthened in September 1947 by the establish ment of the Communist Information Bureau (Comin form), a body responsible for binding together the East European Communist parties (as well as the French and Italian Communist parties) under the Community Party of the Soviet Union's leadership. By spring 1948, "People's Democracies" were in place all over east-central Europe. Although the Soviet Union withdrew its support for the Communist insurgency in Greece, and refrained from trying to establish a Communist government in Finland or even a Finno-Soviet military alliance, Soviet power throughout the central and southern heartlands of the region was now fi rmly entrenched. Within a few weeks, however, at the June 1948 Com inform summit, the first—and in Eastern Europe the


Protein ubiquitination is essential for cellular homeostasis and regulation of several processes, including cell division and genome integrity. Ubiquitin E3 ligases determine substrate specificity for ubiquitination, and Cullin-RING ubiquitin E3 Ligases (CRLs) make the largest group among the ubiquitin E3 ligases. Although conserved and most studied in model eukaryotes, CRLs remain underappreciated in Plasmodium and related parasites. To investigate the CRLs of human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, we generated parasites expressing tagged P. falciparum cullin-1 (PfCullin-1), cullin-2 (PfCullin-2), Rbx1 (PfRbx1) and Skp1 (PfSkp1). PfCullin-1 and PfCullin-2 were predominantly expressed in erythrocytic trophozoite and schizont stages, with nucleocytoplasmic localization and chromatin association, suggesting their roles in different cellular compartments and DNA-associated processes. Immunoprecipitation, in vitro protein-protein interaction and ubiquitination assay confirmed the presence of a functional SCF (PfSCF), comprising of PfCullin-1, PfRbx1, PfSkp1, PfFBXO1 and calcyclin binding protein. Immunoprecipitation, sequence analysis and ubiquitination assay indicated that PfCullin-2 forms a functional human CRL4-like complex (PfCRL4), consisting of PfRbx1, cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor subunit_A and WD40 repeat proteins. PfCullin-2 knock-down at the protein level, which would hinder PfCRL4 assembly, significantly decreased asexual and sexual erythrocytic stage development. Several pathways, including protein translation and folding, lipid biosynthesis and transport, DNA replication, and protein degradation were dysregulated upon PfCullin-2-depletion, which likely reflects association of PfCRL4 with multiple pathways. Consistent with dysregulation of multiple pathways, PfCullin-2-depleted schizonts had poorly delimited merozoites and internal membraned structures, suggesting a role of PfCRL4 in maintaining membrane integrity. PfCullin-2-depleted parasites had significantly lower number of nuclei/parasite than the normal parasites, indicating a crucial role of PfCRL4 in cell division. Taken together, we for the first time demonstrate the presence of functional CRLs in P. falciparum, with crucial roles for PfCRL4 in cell division and maintaining membrane integrity. This study will benefit investigation of similar ligases in related parasites.


This paper analyzes the present situation and a problem of the educational autonomy system to meet the criteria such as educational autonomy and specialty as well as administrative efficiency and synthesis to provide policy-makers with useful analysis of policy interpretation. The results of adjusting the issues and making a framework of the education autonomy system in terms of the independence and speciality of education as well as the administrative efficiency and synthesis of the local government are as follows; 1) the education autonomy system must be implemented with a cooperation with local government autonomy, though having an independent education committee and independently elected educational superintendent; 2) education committee members will be elected through the prevailing system or direct election among residents; and 3) autonomous territory must be reconsidered based on the units of current city, county and autonomous district. As a conclusion, it is time to rethink about the relationship between the current education autonomy system and the local government autonomy .


Abstract This paper describes numerical experiments using a climate–storm surge simulation system for the coast of the United Kingdom, with a particular focus on the southern North Sea and the Thames estuary in southeastern England. Time series of surges simulated in the southern North Sea by a surge model driven by atmospheric data from a regional climate model and surges simulated by the same surge model driven by atmospheric data from a global climate model are compared. A strong correspondence is demonstrated, and a linear scaling factor relating them is derived. This factor varies slowly with location. Around the Thames estuary, extreme surges are compared in the same way, and the linear scaling factor for the extremes is found to be similar to that for the full time series. The authors therefore assert that in seeking significant trends in surge at this location using this model arrangement, the regional model downscaling stage could be avoided, if observations were used to establish a suitable scal...


Based on temperature stress testing, we study the temperature variation, volume deformation properties and stress of different mix proportion,and analyze the effect of the amount of cement,cement proportion,slurry ratio on the crack resistance of concrete. Using the temperature difference of fracture,temperature shrinkage coefficient and cracking safety coefficient, we evaluate the crack resistance of concrete and choose the mix proportion with the best anti-cracking performance,which is applied to he construction of immersed tube precasting in Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge project.


People with learning disabilities constitute about 2% of the general population. Epilepsy is more prevalent among people with learning disabilities compared with the general population. Effective communication is central to the management of people with learning disabilities and epilepsy. It has both therapeutic and health promotion functions including psycho-social benefits to the individual and their carers. Carers play vital roles in supporting individuals who live in the community to manage their conditions and the need for effective communication between service users and health care professionals is crucially important. Effective communication may not only lead to improved quality of life but may reduce mortality through the promotion of better understanding of seizures and encouraging efficient use of medication. Despite this communication regarding community-based adults with mild learning disabilities has not been fully studied, in particular the service users˜ views and experiences regarding communication has been a neglected area. Yet, the service users˜ views may be the best source for the definition of effective communication. This study was triggered by the paucity of research that investigated service users˜ views and experiences regarding communication. Furthermore, numerous health policies have been formulated that emphasise the involvement of patients as consumers in the provision and delivery of health services. This study is purported to bridge this communication gap by offering service users a rare opportunity for them to express their views and experiences regarding communication to inform health policies and clinical practice. This study adopts a naturalistic qualitative approach and employs in-depth semi-structured interviews to solicit service users˜ and their carers˜ views and experiences regarding communication. The interviews also investigated service users˜ and carers˜ perspectives in regard to communication with health care professionals˜. Carer communication diaries were used to supplement the carers˜ interview data and also to endorse the credibility of the study findings. Six main findings emerged from this study that described service users˜ and carers˜ views and experiences regarding communication: communication needs and expectations; —engagement˜ as a predictor of effective communication; strategies of communication; facilitating factors of communication; methods of communication; barriers to communication. This study suggests that effective communication with people with learning disabilities and epilepsy requires a reflective model that incorporates self-assessment and awareness of the individual˜s communication needs and expectations. The model and recommendations that emerged from this study may be a useful resource for health and social care professionals.


Lecyvit POLFA was applied in 114 persons as a roborant drug. Satisfactory results of treatment were observed in 106 subjects (93%). Clinical improvement consisted in increased physical and mental activities, better appetite and gain of body weight.


The method has a lot of modifications and applications. The principles of the theory are explained in several textbooks on regional analysis (W. Isard et al. 1960) or cartography t Monkhouse-Wilkinson 1963). The maps of demographic potentials were also elaborated for some East European countries: for Poland by L. Kosinski 1965 and for Hungary by Bene-Tekse 1966. This paper presents new applications of this method from the territory of Czechoslovakia and Prague.


The problem of fat patients, life quality is rather important and meaningful nowdays. The author,s conclusions of sociological investigations on this problem are represented in this article. It,s clear that one of the principals which will be able to improve human,s health is preventive measures against obesity. Revealed, that obesity prophylaxis is one of the basics principals of the improvement of our society health, because the main reason of a high mortality in men of corpulent habit – is not the obesity itself, but complications of it and severe associated diseases. It is necessary to convince people that overweight is an illness and they should be given definite social support. For the self-defence optimization of such people it is necessary to organize both special measures to resist overweight and a wide programme of developing health culture.


Background: Mechanical ventilation is a useful modality for patients who are unable to sustain the level of ventilation necessary to maintain gas exchange function .Mechanically ventilated patients are prone to all disorders of immobility, thus the role of physiotherapy includes patient's respiratory as well as postural care. NPF of respiration is the use of selective external proprioceptive and tactile stimuli that produce reflexive movement responses in the ventilatory apparatus to assist respiration. Aim and Objective: To study the effectiveness of NPF of respiration on ventilation of mechanically ventilated patients. Objective is to assess the difference between pre and post NPF on respiratory rate, tidal volume, minute volume and chest expansion. Method: An experimental study was conducted on 10 mechanically ventilated [SIMV/CPAP modes] patients of emergency ward of V.S. General Hospital, Ahmadabad, to assess pre and post difference in RR, Vt, Ve and chest expansion, by applying intercostal stretch, abdominal co contraction and anterior stretch posterior basal lift. It was a onetime study to see short time effects. Result: Statistical analysis showed that there was significant improvement in all outcome measures after application of NPF techniques. RR improved significantly [P=0.0116] after application of anterior stretch posterior basal lift. Tidal volume improved very significantly after application of abdominal co contraction [p= 0.009] and with anterior stretch posterior basal lift [P=0.001]. Minute volume improved very significantly after abdominal co contraction [P= 0.019] and after anterior stretch posterior basal lift [P=0.0001]. Chest expansion increased very significantly after application of all techniques [P<0.01]. Conclusion: NPF of respiration can improve the ventilation of mechanically ventilated patients for very short time.


In order to enhance the low-voltage distribution network power supply reliability, this article take the low-voltage knife switch as a breach, unifies the Jinan low-voltage region actual situation, developed one kind of new low voltage switch box, this low voltage switch box had the greatly strengthened security stability, basically ceased in the power distribution gantry the low-voltage switch breakdown. The practice proved that, this isolator case enhanced the low-voltage distribution network greatly the stability and the efficiency. (4 pages)


In recent years, general insurance companies have received attention from the public due to their denial of trust, the weakness of human capital, and physical capital goods. This denial has reduced the energy of social capital which has implications for the low productivity of companies, especially insurance companies. An insurance company at least involves a number of interrelated and cooperating parties, namely: 1) the company, 2) the customer and 3). partner party. The aims of this research are: a. to study and describe the role of social capital in a business organization, especially for the insurance business in Indonesia. b. explain aspects of social capital in PT. Asia Krimere Polysindo (Headquarters and Central Department of Car Insurance Claims) between 1992 and 2005, in relation to the claims process involving external networks such as customers, corporate partners (banks, leasing companies, insurance agents, brokers, workshops) and with other insurance companies. c. identify synergies between financial capital, human capital, physical capital goods and social capital in the organizational structure of the insurance business. From the results of research on synergy between capitals, researchers found 4 patterns of synergy resulting from synergies between human capital, financial capital, physical capital goods and social capital in increasing the productivity of a business organization, namely: 1. Weak positive synergy pattern, 2. Weak synergy pattern negative, 3. Negative strong synergy pattern, 4. Positive strong synergy pattern. corporate partners (banks, leasing companies, insurance agents, brokers, repair shops) and with other insurance companies. c. identify synergies between financial capital, human capital, physical capital goods and social capital in the organizational structure of the insurance business. From the results of research on synergy between capitals, researchers found 4 patterns of synergy resulting from synergies between human capital, financial capital, physical capital goods and social capital in increasing the productivity of a business organization, namely: 1. Weak positive synergy pattern, 2. Weak synergy pattern negative, 3. Negative strong synergy pattern, 4. Positive strong synergy pattern.


The mobile communication systems usually require a portable wireless antenna size in order to meet as requirement of mobile units. Microstrip patch antenna is one of the best suitable antennas for mobile communication due to its attractive features of low profile, light weight and easy fabrication [1]. In general, it has a conducting patch printed on a grounded microwave substrate. The most commonly used microstrip patch antenna is a rectangular patch antenna which has the problem of narrow bandwidth. To overcome these problems different types of structures (regular and irregular shapes) were proposed and studied theoretically and experimentally in the processes of the development of microstrip antenna [2]. The bandwidth of the rectangular microstrip antenna is very narrow, so the resonant frequency of microstrip antenna can be accurately determinable. There are two different ways to analyze microstrip antenna namely analytical method and numerical method. Analytical method as compared to Numerical methods are easy but only restricted to some definite shapes. On the other hand, though the numerical methods are complicated and require more time to solve, but are applicable to any shape. Therefore in order to eradicate these problems, researchers use neural models which are applicable to any shape, any complicated circuits and it also takes less time with more accuracy. Various Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are developed for determining resonant frequencies of microstrip patches of various shapes like rectangular, triangular etc.[3-4] and [5-6]. A comprehensive review of application of ANN in microwave engineering and different types of method to develop the ANN models is discussed [7]. Anil Kumar et al. / International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE)


In this paper,a class of hybrid systems based on fuzzy neural adaptive control method,the use of fuzzy inference engine sub-goal generated by studying the error feedback controller in place of the output signal of training neural networks,the controller output to avoid oscillation or have access to saturation,making the learning process and the express method for the stability of nonlinear systems and thermal power plants of the drum water level control system.Simulation results show its effectiveness.


Abstract Piezoceramic-polymer composites with 1–3 connectivity provide higher hydrostatic figure of merit dhgh , and low density, which make them attractive for underwater applications. By incorporating rigid face plates on the composite electrode surfaces, the transverse piezoelectric response can be reduced effectively and dh increased significantly. When edge strips are put on the lateral dimensions, the hydrostatic response of the composite may be further improved, depending on the ratio of the sample thickness to the sample lateral dimensions and the elastic properties of the edge strips. In this work the effects of the rigid face plates and the edge strips on the piezoelectric response of 1–3 composites with different lateral dimensions were investigated. All the experimental features can be well accounted for by using the shear-coupling model developed recently by us and the isostrain model. Based on these results the relationship between the dh of the face plated 1–3 composite and the elastic prop...


The process planning problem is described for a class of flexible assembly systems for printed circuit cards. The general problem of minimizing the number of station visits is shown to be NP-complete, and two classes of heuristics are shown to have arbitrarily bad worst case performance. Implications for design and operating discipline are discussed.


The Integrated Emergency Management and Information System (IEMIS) is a minicomputer based system that serves initially as a tool to assist FEMA in the evaluation of emergency plans and preparedness for natural and technological hazards. As an IEMIS subsystem, the Exercise Evaluation and Simulation Facility (EESF) provides capabilities specific to emergency exercises and plan development for application near commercial nuclear power facilities. EESF integrates the following resources: a meteorology model, evacuation model, dose model, maps, and exercise information into a single operational package. The user may access thee various resources, and on completion display the results on a color graphic display or hardcopy unit. Key to the capability provided by EESF are the ease of use and quick comprehension of results presented via the graphic displays.


Objective: To evaluate our experience on the pattern and treatment outcome of neonates who presented with congenital abdominal wall defects (CAWD) in a teaching hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a retrospective study of neonates who presented with abdominal wall defect of congenital origin between January 2014 and December 2018 at the pediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) Enugu, Nigeria. Results: A total of 236,231 neonates were seen during the study period. Out of this number, 48 neonates had CAWD. This gave a prevalence of 0.02% or 2 babies per 10,000 births. There was male predominance and majority of the neonates were delivered preterm through the vaginal route. Omphalocele and gastroschisis were the most common CAWD and about 50% of the CAWD were diagnosed prenatally through maternal ultrasound. There was a low incidence of associated anomalies and only one-tenth of the mothers gave a history of a possible risk factor. Treatment of CAWD depended on the specific anomaly and sepsis was the most common post-operative complication. Mortality occurred in 8 (16.7%) neonates. Conclusion: Omphalocele and gastroschisis were the most common types of CAWD recorded in the present study. Most of the neonates were delivered vaginally as preterm babies. Treatment was based on the type of CAWD and majority of the neonates survived.


Abstract The production scheduling of open pit mines is an intricate, complex and difficult problem to address due to its large scale and the unavailability of a truly optimal net present value (NPV) solution, as well as the uncertainty in key parameters involved. These key factors are geological and mining, financial and environmental. Geological uncertainty is a major contributor in failing to meet production targets and the financial expectations of a project especially in the early stages of a project. Stochastic integer programming (SIP) models provide a framework for optimising mine production scheduling considering uncertainty. A specific SIP formulation is shown herein that generates the optimal production schedule using equally probable simulated orebody models as input, without averaging the related grades. The optimal production schedule is then the schedule that can produce the maximum achievable discounted total value from the project, given the available orebody uncertainty described through a set of stochastically simulated orebody models. The proposed SIP model allows the management of geological risk in terms of not meeting planned targets during actual operation, unlike the traditional scheduling methods that use a single orebody model and where risk is randomly distributed between production periods while there is no control over the magnitude of the risks on the schedule. Notably, the testing of the SIP formulation in two cases, a gold and a copper deposit, shows that the expected total NPV of the schedule using the SIP approach is significantly higher (10 and 25% respectively) than the traditional schedule developed using a single estimated orebody model.


The next generation migration technology considers multiple scattering as vital information, allowing the industry to generate significantly better images of the subsurface. The proposed full wavefield algorithm (FWM) makes use of two-way wave theory that is formulated in terms of one-way wavefields. We show that the current migration algorithms for primary reflections can be easily extended to handle multiple scattering as well


In New Zealand, nitrous oxide emissions from grazed hill pastures are estimated using different emission factors for urine and dung deposited on different slope classes. Allocation of urine and dung to each slope class needs to consider the distribution of slope classes within a landscape and animal behaviour. A Nutrient Transfer (NT) model has recently been incorporated into the New Zealand Agricultural GHG Inventory Model (AIM) to account for the allocation of excretal nitrogen (N) to each slope class. In this study, the predictive ability of the transfer function within the NT model was explored using urine deposition datasets collected with urine sensor and GPS tracker technology. Data were collected from three paddocks that had areas in low (LS; < 12ᴏ ), medium (MS; 12-24ᴏ ) and high slopes (HS; > 24ᴏ ). The NT model showed a good overall predictive ability for two of the three datasets. However, if the urine emission factors (EF3 ; % of urine N emitted as N2 O-N) were to be further disaggregated to assess emissions from all three slope classes or slope gradients, more precise data would be required to accurately represent the range of landscapes found on farms. We have identified the need for more geospatial data on urine deposition and animal location for farms that are topographically out of the range used to develop the model. These new datasets would provide livestock urine deposition on a more continuous basis across slopes (as opposed to broad ranges), a unique opportunity to improve the performance of the Nutrient Transfer model. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


A collaboration between St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls in Western Australia and the Faculty of Science and Engineering at Curtin University was established in March 2018 to investigate the benefits of using a humanoid robot in a language classroom. This initiative ran over two terms as a pilot study and trialled a NAO robot in French classes as a teaching resource to increase student's engagement and enhance their learning. The purpose of this article is to share the strategies applied and the results achieved in this pilot study.


The invention provides a machine tool special for integrally machining a motor shell. The machine tool solves the problem that according to machining of seam allowances of motor shells, special fields and equipment are needed for assembling the motor shells and stators. The machine tool special for integrally machining the motor shell is characterized in that a clamp and a stator are sequentially installed on a machine tool transition plate, the stator is positioned by the clamp, according to an improved feed mechanism, a push rod with the outer end provided with a flange is used for replacing a center of the feed mechanism, and a gland is connected to the flange with an opening facing outwards, and the inner diameter of the gland is equal to that of the motor shell; the feed mechanism pushes the motor shell towards the stator, the motor stator is pressed into the motor shell, cold pressing assembling of the motor shell and the stator is achieved, and machining is performed after assembling is finished. The machine tool special for integrally machining the motor shell has the advantages that assembling of the motor shell and the stator and machining of designated parts are finished on one device, production efficiency is improved, and the expenditure on heating equipment and fields is reduced.


The invention provides a power dissipation-free water circulation air purification window made from calcium carbonate particles, and relates to an air purifier arranged on a window. The power dissipation-free water circulation air purification window mainly solves an indoor air purification problem and a purification problem occurring when outdoor high oxygen-containing air enters a room. The purifier comprises an upper frame, a lower frame, a left frame, a right frame, an upper water channel, a lower water channel and a power dissipation-free water circulation system, wherein a plurality of glass columns with the diameter of less than 10mm are arranged between the upper frame and the lower frame; a gap less than 3mm exists between the two glass columns; the glass column gaps have the functions of being pervious to air and repelling and blocking mosquitoes and other insects; the glass columns are coated with photocatalyst which has the effect of decomposing organic matter particles; water in the upper water channel soaks the glass columns, and little water flows into the lower water channel and has the effect of washing off dust in air entering the room; and water in the lower water channel returns to the upper water channel through power dissipation-free equipment with a function of causing water to flow upwards, thereby realizing the cyclic utilization of water. The purifier is arranged on the window, can replace a screen window by washing off dust in air and has the functions of being pervious to light and air, decomposing PM (Particulate Matter) 2.5, disinfecting and supplying oxygen to the interior of the room.


Digital technologies are constantly changing, and with it criminals are finding new ways to abuse these technologies. Cybercrime investigators, then, must also keep their skills and knowledge up to date. This work proposes a holistic training development model - specifically focused on cybercrime investigation - that is based on improving investigator capability while also considering the capacity of the investigator or unit. Along with a training development model, a cybercrime investigation capacity assessment framework is given for attempting to measure capacity throughout the education process. First, a training development model is proposed that focuses on the expansion of investigation capability as well as capacity of investigators and units. Next, a capacity assessment model is given to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program. A description of how the proposed model is being applied to the development of training programs for cybercrime investigators in developing countries will then be given, as well as already observed challenges. Finally, concluding remarks as well as proposed future work is discussed.


Abstract This paper addresses the following questions about Plato's concept of 'history': (a) is there a 'philosophy of history' in Plato's thought?; (b) if this concept exists, do the dialogues lay out a single, cohesive understanding of 'history' or does it vary from text to text?; (c) how does Plato understand the word 'history'? This inquiry also addresses the role of 'progress' in some of the main Platonic dialogues. An in-depth analysis of these texts can also help us find a solution to the problem of the end of 'history', when a civilization either physically collapses (due to a catastrophic event) or morally decays (because of the corruption of its citizens and politicians). I argue that Plato's 'philosophy of history' is not necessarily Sisyphean, but that it attempts to work out how to avoid the entropic decay of civilization and to preserve cultural – almost 'genetic' – 'memory' in order to counter the danger of cyclical regression.


The study aims to assess the effectiveness of production standards that products meet the best specification production wise by over viewing and reevaluating the specifications of products, materials, dimensions, safety and improvements of quality management systems and to have good products with high quality according to the international standards. With the aid of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), the Pearson Product Moment Coefficient was used to analyze the significant relationship between the production standards the level of effectiveness of production standard. And the correlation among relationship between the production standard and the level of effectiveness of the production standards supports the null hypothesis of the study. On the basis of the research findings, it showed that they should develop local sourcing practices that would benefit to the economy in manufacturing business to produce sourcing materials, develop an industry-led strategic transformation plan that is focused on the perfume development of technological innovation and differentiation, and uphold the system integration and application of intelligent manufacturing as well as support by the research development for new innovation of different products you have in the company. From a country perspective, the business environment, which is ranked the 7th freest in the world, ensures transparency and efficiency in doing business. Bahrain's business sector is supported by the most productive, highly-skilled bilingual national work force in the GCC. Finally, Bahrain offers an open, cosmopolitan society with the highest quality of life in the Middle East.""The vision is that Bahrain will be seen as a highly competitive gateway to the Gulf for international companies seeking to serve their customer base in the region. In the past, the UAE and Saudi Arabia had been seen by international investors as leading locations for establishing their projects. The Ministry sees that this development firmly puts Bahrain on the map as a credible competitor for regional inward investment.


The main goal of the present study was to estimate new perspective Bulgarian
 conic lines pepper about yield and stability of the yield with purpose to be
 presented for Government variety testing and to been included in new breeding
 programs. Three years experiments were carried out in Experimental fields of
 Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria with eight new perspective
 consolidated hybrids of sweet pepper. Typical Bulgarian variety Kurtovska
 kapia 1619 was used as a standard. The plants were grown according to the
 conventional technology for middle early field production for South Bulgarian
 condition. Four harvests were done - one of green fruits and three of red
 ripening fruits. The total yield, weight and length of fruit were determined.
 The stability of yield (Ysi) by the methods Kang was calculated. The lines
 with the highest yield were Doux Marconi Rouge х Kapia 1300 F8 and Doux
 Marconi San Semences х Kalinkov 800/7 F7 with productivity of 5034.1 kg/da
 and 4881.3 kg/da respectively. The index of yield stability was highest 7+
 about following breeding lines Doux Marconi San Semences х Kalinkov 800/7 F7
 and Kapia 1300 х Doux d'Espagne F9. The lines Doux Marconi Rouge х Kapia 1300
 F8, Doux Marconi San Semences х Kalinkov 800/7 F7 and Doux Marconi Rouge х
 Kapia 1300 F7 are suitable to be included in new selection programs for more
 successfully breeding.


Limited information is available on phages infecting soil Streptomyces from Woods Hole, Massachusetts. I report here the result of preliminary attempts to isolate and to morphologically characterize putative phages infecting soil Streptomyces from the aforementioned area. Plaque assay using Nutrient Agar and AGS solid media yielded in putative plaques formation, with sizes ranging from 1 to 6 mm, in only one of seven isolates of Streptomyces sp. used in this study. Enumeration using an epifluorescence microscope indicated a higher number (8.9 x 10 9 cell/ml) of virus-like particles (VLP) in phage enrichment of soil compared to the number counted from the extract of soil collected from the courtyard of Loeb Laboratory (LC) (4.43 x 10 8 cell/ml). There were at least three types of negatively stained putative phage of Streptomyces observed with Transparent Electron Microscopy (TEM), and their morphology resembled those reported in prior publications. All three were linear double stranded (ds)-DNA phage. The first type had a polyhedral head (diameter approximately 84 nm) with collar, and non-contractile tail (about 150 nm long), whereas the second type's head was smaller (about 53 nm) with contractile tail (around 73 nm). The third type had a slightly smaller head diameter (around 74 nm) with no apparent collar and shorter tail (126 nm). This last type formed a semi-rosette assembly with their tails. Further works will be necessary to completely characterize these phages.


The aim of this research is to determine the efficiency of the science curriculum that has been applied to the second level of primary schools in the 2001-2002 semester, using the assessments of teachers. General characteristics, objectives, content, instruction and evaluation aspects of the curriculum, were evaluated by survey method. The universe of this research is composed by science teachers who are in charge in the second level of primary schools in Istanbul. The sampling is made with 80 science teachers who choosen randomly. After percentage and frequency calculations, results of the teacher assesments were transferred into tables and interpreted. At the end of the research, it is found that there were some problems in the curriculum.


Topological photonics has recently been proved a robust framework for manipulating light. Active topological photonic systems, in particular, enable richer fundamental physics by employing nonlinear light-matter interactions, thereby opening a new landscape for applications such as topological lasing. Here we report an all-dielectric topological insulator laser scheme based on semiconductor cavities formed by topologically distinct Kagome photonic crystals. The proposed planar semiconductor Kagome lattice allows broadband edge states below the light line due to photonic valley hall effect in telecommunication region, which provides a new route to retrieve nontrivial photonic topology and to develop integrated topological systems for robust light generation and transport.


Medulloblastomas with a mutation in the Wnt pathway arise from cells that are distinct from those affected by mutations in the SHH pathway.


An established computer file was searched for lists of products containing 45 antigens recognized as causes of allergic contact dermatitis. The final lists included over 8000 products. The problem, potential and limitations of such lists are discussed.


The utility model relates to a coating machine conveying baffle plate adjusting device, which comprises two oppositely arranged moving devices. Each moving device includes a frame and a middle frame; a worktable is arranged between two middle frames; a first ball screw and a second ball screw are arranged between each frame and each middle frame and placed vertically and parallelly; one end of the first ball screw close to each frame is connected onto a synchronous motor through a synchronous belt; the first ball screw is connected with the second ball screw through a conveying belt; a tensioning wheel is arranged on the conveying belt; the synchronous motor is connected with a program controller through an electric wire; the program controller is connected with a touch screen through an electric wire; two baffle plates are transversely and respectively arranged on the first ball screw and the second ball screw; and both the first ball screw and the second ball screw penetrate through the baffle plates. The coating machine conveying baffle plate adjusting device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, accurate conveying position and improvement of work efficiency.


Abstract— The hypothesis that phytochrome functions as a sensor of vegetational shade through the perception of the red: far‐red photon fluence rate ratio requires that the mechanism of perception be compensated for wavelength‐independent fluctuations in fluence rate (Smith, 1982). This paper seeks to establish the lower limit of fluence‐rate compensation and to assess whether or not compensation is effective at the total fluence rates typical of herbaceous canopies. Using specially‐designed cabinets, Sinapis alba L. (white mustard) seedlings were grown from germination under a range of total photosynthetically‐active radiation (PAR = 400 to 700 nm) values and a range of red: far‐red ratios. The data indicate that fluence‐rate compensation is effective above a PAR value of ca. 60 μ.mol m2 s'. Pretreating seedlings at high red: far‐red ratio and a PAR level of 300 (μmol m2S‐1for increasing periods of time led to an extension of fluence rate compensation to lower fluence rates. The results are discussed in relation to the photosynthetic competence of the seedlings grown under these conditions.


Medium ingredients are one of the most important factors for growth of any organism and production of it's metabolites. The source of carbon, nitrogen and micronutrients considerably affects the primary and secondary metabolism of the organism. The rich medium ingredients speed up organism's growth leading to early occurrence of decline phase which must be controlled if we aim a specific production. In order to utilize provided nutrients in the medium organism synthesizes specific machinery in the form of enzyme system. This property of the microbes can be exploited very easily to design a highly productive medium combination.


Romanticism is a growing understanding in the literature which is operationally working on two things, namely the ideal world and the factual world. Considers that the ideal world of ideas, thoughts and ideas stems from gaps in life both personally and socially. Everything is present in an ideal world is always seen as something that is good in law, law, customs and religiously. Unlike the case with factual world. Factual world sometimes is not always in line with the ideal world. In these conditions there was a clash between the world of ideas and factual. In this condition the condition of poetry is always present to neutralize the gap between the ideal and the factual world. Poetry exists to provide a description, breaking up, providing a solution to the existing gaps. Poetry poet anxiety stems from the gap that occurs both personally and socially. Poetry comes to identify study and modify the gap into a road that can be taken and considered to ward off the gap. Although in all facets of life can be engineered factual world, but in particular the idea kataristik as a form of purification can occur through poetry. Poetry Surat Cinta by Mashun comes from the gap that occurs in the poet. The gap that occurs in some aspects that can be traced through nature, the elements and means poetry. One of them can be traced to the choice of words like love letters and hardback dusk. The word choice is the romance is the opposition. A love letter is an expectation that spans a row of stories carved out by two people who complement each other, complementary and understanding between the two. However, they do not walk in a straight line, for the love letters carved turns both hardback dusk, an illustration that will soon be arriving the night. A horizon that is beautiful to look at. However, the beauty of the horizon with violet color does not last long because the night soon engulfed everything. Opposition two things are done and poet strongly opposed to the whole poem.


This article illustrates the problems of senior pension holders who may be involved in marriage-like relationships under the Social Security Act 1991. The article shows how an expanded definition of these relationships in 1995 has caught a wider group of couples who may suffer a reduction of pension. At the same time the article traces the concept of cohabitation through a change in the meaning of the concept of 'dependency'. This approach shows how this key indicator of cohabitation has shifted or expanded with the recognition of new forms of relationships.


Abstract : The study examines whether the losses through defection are indicative of a major weakness of the Communists in wars of liberation; also, whether the United States policy, supporting doctrine and techniques, fixed responsibility and general acceptance of an induced defection strategy.


There has been considerable progress in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease in the United States and other Western nations over the past 40 years, with substantial declines in heart disease mortality. However, concern has been raised that young adults, and young women in particular, may have benefited less from these favorable trends in recent years. Heart disease mortality rates have declined less in this group than other segments of the population since 1990, 1 and studies both in the United States and in other developed nations have reported rising hospitalization rates for myocardial infarction (MI) in younger women. 2–4 The pre-hospital case fatality of MI has similarly declined less in young women compared to men. 5 These recent statistics have raised alarm and require possible explanations. 6 However, much of the available data regarding time trends in coronary heart disease come from mortality statistics and administrative databases, which can be incomplete and inaccurate.


As part of the Flight Telerobotic Servicer (FTS) project the authors are developing an advanced telerobotic system to assist in and reduce crew extravehicular activity (EVA) for the US Space Station. The FTS will be used for assembly, maintenance, servicing, and inspection throughout the lifetime of the Space Station. The authors give a brief overview of the FTS program and explore some of the technical and system engineering issues associated with the development of the FTS. A key to the evolutionary capability of the FTS design is the NASREM (NASA standard reference model for telerobot control system) architecture. This architecture provides the framework for future growth and permits a logical blend of teleoperation and autonomous operations as required.<<ETX>>


The development of the theory of shielding and antishielding of nuclear quadrupole moments is reported. The various contributions to the Sternheimer shielding and antishielding factors are discussed. Also the history of the different calculational techniques is outlined.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of the product that has a positive effect on the creation of customer satisfaction, to analyze the image of the product that has a positive effect on the creation of customer satisfaction, to analyze the quality of the product that has positive influence on customer commitment, to analyze the image of the product that has positive influence on customer commitment and to analyze that the creation of customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer commitments. Object of this study is the company's customers in the District of Pekalongan Batik Kaibon with research methods using purposive sampling technique. Customers here are all Kaibon Batik enterprise customers with the criteria already made a purchase more than 2 times that used either alone or given to someone else as a gift. Regression analysis equations I know the coefficient of determination or ajusted R square of 0.665. This means that the influence of the independent variable is the quality of the product and the image of the product to customer satisfaction is of 66.5% or in other words the variation changes in customer satisfaction able to be explained by the quality of the product and the image of the product by 66.5%, while the remaining 33,5% is influenced by other variables not examined. The regression analysis equation II is known coefficient of determination or ajusted R square of 0.712. This means that the influence of the independent variable is the quality of the product, the product image and customer satisfaction to customer commitments amounted to 71,2% or in other words the variation changes in customer commitment that can be explained by the variable quality of the product, the product image and customer satisfaction by 71,2%, while the remaining 28,8% is influenced by other variables not examined. The results were analyzed variable product quality, brand image, customer satisfaction and customer commitment showed that the quality of the product, the product image and customer satisfaction has a positive and significant impact on customer commitment variables, This shows that the higher the effect of each independent variable is product quality, product image and customer satisfaction, the customer will be higher commitment. Keywords: product quality, product image, customer satisfaction and customer commitment.


The Aster occidentalis complex is a western North American group of rhizomatous perennials. The group shows considerable morphological variation and includes at least six ploidy levels with chromosome numbers ranging from n = 8 to n = 48. In this study, 283 chromosome counts are reported; most specimens sampled had euploid chromosome numbers based on x = 8, but a few aneuploid plants were also found. The relationship between morphological variation and chromosome number was assessed using a cluster analysis and principal components analysis of up to 35 characters in 172 specimens of known ploidy level. The diploid specimens fell into six morphological groups, corresponding to five of the approximately ten species included in the complex. The polyploids showed greater variability and more extensive intergradation between groups than did the diploids. The geographic distributions of chromosome numbers in the more widely distributed species are also discussed. Aster, taxonomically one of the most difficult of North American genera, has presented sys- tematists with numerous problems in delimit- ing species boundaries and determining rela- tionships. The genus is cytologically variable and contains chromosome numbers based mainly on x = 5, 8, and 9; both aneuploids and polyploids have been reported (Dean 1966; Dean and Chambers 1983; Jones 1980b; Semple


High-power UV emitter, in particular high-performance low-pressure mercury tubes for vertical operation, with a space formed by a cylindrical sealed at both ends flask made of UV-transparent glass and contains a fill gas discharge space in the region each piston end, a first in which or a second is provided with outwardly directed electrical terminals electrode is each arranged with an electrode frame characterized in that the length of the electrode frame (6; 6a) of the first electrode (3; 3a) (6; 6a) in relation to the length of the electrode frame of the second electrode (3; 3a) deviates by a certain amount, the piston end to the longer or shorter with the electrode frame (6; 6a) has a marking.


While dealing with the countries lying on the eastern rim of the European Union (Central and Eastern European Countries, South-Eastern European Countries and Ex-Soviet Republics), the EU pursues a policy of involvement through special arrangements and by keeping the option for full membership open which needs to be decided on the basis of these countries' future performance and the EU ability to absorb them. Since Gothenburg meeting in June 2001, it has been known that of all applicant countries only ten Eastern and Mediterranean nations are on the track to join the EU by rnid-2004 . The EU will still continue offering those who are left out the appropriate instruments and forms of cooperation that aim at democratization, consolidation of the principles of rule of law and human rights . However, under the current circumstances this definitely won't be enough, especially in the post - September 11 world. Admitting ten countries will not eliminate all sources of conflicts in Europe. It will not bring the expected peace and prosperity to the Continent. The EU has to broaden its vision and should think of how it will shoulder the burden of the new, complex and demanding tasks in Europe, especially with the current shifting of America's attention to some other priority areas. Can a better, more structured and issue-based (creation of a regional model for security) BSEC- EU relationship help the EU in this sense?


Over the last two decades, terahertz (THz) radiation has attracted a constantly growing attention and has been routinely applied in a variety of applications, such as medical diagnostics, industrial quality control, food inspection and many others [1] . A new era of applications, that of THz wireless communication opens up ahead revealing the high importance of the development of fast modulation devices operating at the THz part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Towards this direction many devices based on graphene have been proposed to modulate radiation at THz frequencies. For example, a perfect absorber device based on a cavity of monolayer graphene over a grounded dielectric that can be tuned by an electrostatic gate was demonstrated in the low THz regime [2] . Under the same concept it was experimentally shown that the THz absorption of such device can be modulated in an ultrafast way via an optical pump signal [3] .


On the basis of summarizing the concepts of the broad and the deep space about the ocean and"new ocean",this paper further interprets the ocean' s control rights——the ocean's new rights,together with their important role in the fields of politics,economy,diplomacy,military affairs and so on.Since there are plenty of renewable resources in the ocean,this paper mainly from the perspective of exploring the ocean's deep space to analyze the important strategic influence.Finally,it summarizes some measures of resolving maritime disputes in China,exploiting new energy sources in the ocean,and practicing the strategies for the rights of the ocean's deep space comprehensively.


Based on the analysis of investigation on fire accident on December 4th,2008,in a food company in Qingdao,Shandong province,rules of fire spread and trace features on fire scene of buildings of steel structure polystyrene color-steel sandwich plate were analysed.The identification of origin and seat of fire was discribed,fire cause was identified,and the corresponding fire prevention measures were proposed.


Thonacic isomerism, the condition in which the anatomy of the two lungs, their airways, and pulmonary vessels is symmetrical, is usually a component of situs ambiguus, in which asymmetric structures throughout the body tend to be symmetrical. This configuration is generally associated with severe cardiovascular and abdominal anomalies [1 -7]. Lungs with bilateral epartenial bronchi (' 'bilateral right lung' ') are found in the asplenia syndrome (Ivemank syndrome), while symmetrical hypartenial bronchi (' 'bilateral left lung' ') occur in polysplenia and occasionally in the scimitar syndrome [8]. Because of the strong association with semious congenital heart disease, thonacic isomerism is name in adults. We report a patient in whom hypartenial bronchi were demonstrated by routine chest films, tomograms, and computed tomographic (CT) scans, and in whom no other anomaiies were seen.


Despite the fact that cyberbullying is common on social media, only a few instruments have beendeveloped to assess cyberbullying tendencies in the social media context. The purpose of this study is to develop a Cyberbullying in Social Media Scale (CSMS) for cyberbullying perpetration. Participants are active social media users in Indonesia (n = 958) between the ages of 18 and 40. The Cronbach alpha reliability testing showed that CSMS had a high internal consistency (α =.852). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that CSMS fit the one-factor model (χ² (54) = 154.891, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.044 [90% CI 0.036, 0.052], CFI = 0.906, TLI = 0.885, SRMR = 0.049). Convergent-discriminant validity testing method using the Big Five Inventory also showed that CSMS is valid in measuring cyberbullying perpetration in the social media context. The Cyberbullying in Social Media Scale (CSMS) is a developed unidimensional measurement tool that evaluates cyberbullying tendencies on social media. The CSMS has demonstrated reliability and validity, making it a valuable new instrument for screening and assessing levels of cyberbullying tendencies among young adults in Indonesia. As such, the scale has practical applications for guiding interventions and investigating cyberbullying behavior.


Due to its inherent robustness and finite time convergence, sliding mode control (SMC) is extensively used for the control of nonlinear uncertain systems [...]


The concept of a "dissipative soliton" provides an excellent framework for understanding complex mode-locked laser pulse dynamics from a unified picture. It has stimulated innovative laser cavity designs in the past few years. This tutorial lecture provides conceptual pictures illustrated with universal dynamics, highlights recent achievements and prospects for mode-locked laser development.


Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is a new heuristic approach mainly having three advantages; finding the true global minimum regardless of the initial parameter values, fast convergence, and using few control parameters. DE algorithm is a population based algorithm like genetic algorithms using similar operators; crossover, mutation and selection. In this work, we have compared the performance of DE algorithm to that of some other well known versions of genetic algorithms: PGA, Grefensstette, Eshelman. In simulation studies, De Jong's test functions have been used. From the simulation results, it was observed that the convergence speed of DE is significantly better than genetic algorithms. Therefore, DE algorithm seems to be a promising approach for engineering optimization problems.


The invention relates to a method for collecting and transferring patient data, the patient data by means of an attached on the skin of the patient the microchip (1) are collected and in the microchip (1) are stored and are forwarded via a wireless data link. Further, the invention relates to a microchip (1) for carrying out the method according to the invention for collecting and transferring patient data.


The invention relates to an eyeglass authentication apparatus (100) for authenticating a person with a spectacle frame (101), a light transparent lens (103), which is held by the spectacle frame (101), wherein the light transparent lens (103) (by means of the spectacle frame 101) relative to an eye (201) of the person is positioned, and (an image detector 105), which is disposed (in the light-transparent lens 103) and configured to receive an image pickup of the eye (201) of the person.


To assess if a high resolution respiratory triggered inversion recovery prepared GRE sequence (RT) improved image quality and detection of lesions compared with breathhold GRE T1 weighted MR sequence (BH) in the hepatobiliary uptake phase of MR of the liver using gadoxetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA).


Our purpose is to report alterations in contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and in the magno, parvo and koniocellular visual pathways by means of a multichannel perimeter in case of an essential tremor (ET). A complete evaluation of the visual function was performed in a 69-year old patient, including the analysis of the chromatic discrimination by the Fansworth–Munsell 100 hue test, the measurement of the CSF by the CSV-1000E test, and the detection of potential alteration patterns in the magno, parvo and koniocellular visual pathways by means of a multichannel perimeter. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) were within the ranges of normality in both eyes. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography (OCT) exam. The results of the color vision examination were also within the ranges of normality. A significant decrease in the achromatic CSFs for right eye (RE) and left eye (LE) was detected for all spatial frequencies. The statistical global values provided by the multichannel perimeter confirms that there were significant absolute sensitivity losses compared to the normal pattern in RE. In the LE, only a statistically significant decrease in sensitivity was detected for the blue-yellow (BY) channel. The pattern standard deviation (PSD) values obtained in our patient indicated that there were significant localized losses compared to the normality pattern in the achromatic channel of the RE and in the red-green (RG) channel of the LE. Some color vision alterations may be present in ET that cannot be detected with conventional color vision tests, such as the FM 100 Hue.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in the pharyngeal airway space, tongue and hyoid bone positions according to the orthognathic surgical methods of mandibular prognathism. Methods: The subjects included 30 patients (16 males, 14 females) with the skeletal class III malocclusion. Group 1 (10 patients) underwent bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) only; group 2 (10 patients) underwent BSSRO with genioplasty; and group 3 (10 patients) underwent BSSRO, Le Fort I osteotomy. We measured the lines between the selected upper air way, hyoid bone and tongue landmarks on the lateral cephalometric x-ray films of skeletal class III. The measurements were made preoperation, within 1 week after the operation, 3~6 months after the operation and 1 year after the operation. We compared and analyzed the measurements with matched paired t-test and independent samples t-test. Results: There were no postoperative changes in the nasopharyngeal airway space in group 3. The measurements of group 3 also increased during the follow-up period as compared to the preoperative measurements. In group 1, 2 and 3, the immediate postoperative oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal airway spaces were decreased. In the following period, the hypopharyngeal airway space returned to the preoperative positions, but the oropharyngeal airway space was not significantly changed. The upper and lower tongue was posteriorly repositioned immediately after the surgery. During the follow-up period, the lower tongue position returned to the preoperative position, and the upper tongue position was not significantly changed. Immediately after the surgery, the B point was moved to the posterior position, and a slight anterior advancement was found in the follow-up period. Conclusion: Patients who received the mandibular setback surgery showed a decrease in the posterior airway space, and those who underwent maxillary advancement showed a significant increase of the nasopharyngeal airway space, which remained stable during the evaluation period. The change of the airway space, position of the hyoid bone and tongue did not differ according to the presence or absence of genioplasty.


The absolute photometric calibration of imaging observations with the Infrared Camera (IRC) aboard the AKARI satellite was performed by monitoring the same stars regularly and by observing a set of standard stars. By our monitoring observations, we confirmed that all channels of the IRC were stable to within 4% and that their sensitivities were constant until the liquid helium was exhausted. Using the data of these repeated observations, we evaluated the intrinsic errors as a function of the brightnesses of objects and found that the errors increase rapidly toward fainter objects. We also checked the consistency between short and long exposure times, and confirmed that the data sampling had been executed as designed. Finally, by comparing the estimated in-band flux densities and the observed data values of standard stars, we obtained conversion factors to the absolute flux densities of all the band/exposure configurations. Their absolute uncertainties are estimated to be less than 6%.


An automatic measurement system for silicon steel and an X-ray diffraction meter were used for measuring the magnetic property parameters and texture of ex-processed samples and processed samples.It is shown that under the condition of a lower voltage,9Hz,a longer processed time and an annealing temperature of 650℃,the decrease rate of iron loss can be increased;a lower voltage,a higher frequency and an annealing temperature of 650℃ are in favor of improving the increase rate of magnetic induction.The best test parameters for improving the magnetic properties are the frequency of 9Hz,the voltage of 500V,the processing time of 6min and the annealing temperature of 650℃.Through texture analysis,it is verified that the change in magnetic induction of oriented silicon steel depends on the {110} 001 orientation degree and the {110} 001 orientation degree can be regarded as a comprehensive value which reflects the situation of the overall average angle of divergence.


In 1957, Gov. Orval Faubus used the Arkansas National Guard to prohibit nine black children from entering Little Rock's Central High School. Here, editors Jacoway and Williams present a series of original and insightful papers which discuss economic, constitutional, historical, and personal aspects of the crisis and of segregation.


agenda? and (2) what are the policy implications of the rising political interest in the idea of wellbeing? They explore these questions using Hall's social learning model which identifies policymaking as "a process usually involving three variables: overarching policy goals that guide policy, the instruments or techniques used in seeking to attain those goals and the precise setting of the instruments" (p. 9). This is an approach much more suited to political science than to social policy and readers from the latter discipline may find this overly rationalistic and schematic. The Politics and Policy of Wellbeing is not a normative book that seeks to persuade. It is a careful account of political processes that generate or hinder the progress of the wellbeing idea. It points out some useful distinctions, as in the greater attention paid to environmental issues in Europe versus the UK's focus on measuring subjective wellbeing. In the UK there is useful information on how a range of departments have tried to build wellbeing-focussed evaluation into their policy, and a good account of the recommendations of the All Party Parliamentary Group on Wellbeing Economics, which amongst other things, called for all political parties to set out their approach to wellbeing and urged the government to publish a wellbeing strategy. There is an interesting chapter on wellbeing as a 'wicked' problem, i.e., one that is ill-defined and whose solution is dependent on the various political framings it is subject to. Less satisfying is the section in the conclusion 'Towards a theoretical synthesis'. What is offered is a process theory of political and policy change but what is absent from the book, as in most of the politics and policy it describes, is a coherent theory of wellbeing. The focus on subjective wellbeing as an affective state and the desire for ever more 'scientific' approaches to measurement mask a real lack of theoretical understanding of how wellbeing can be approached as a social phenomenon. This book never sets out to answer that question so it would be unfair to criticise it on those grounds. Indeed, for those wanting an excellent overview of the rise of wellbeing up the political agenda this will be a very useful source book.


Early clinical reports on osseointegration of dental implants have reported success rates of 81% in maxilla and 91% in mandible after 15 years, with marginal bone loss of 1.5 mm in the first year and approximately 0.1 mm annually from there after. This satisfied the success criteria which were published in the years to follow; they were clinical stability, in function without any symptoms and with minimal bone resorption of less than 0.2 mm annually after the first year of the implantation. The success of osseointegration of dental implant has been repeatedly demonstrated by numerous clinical studies in different implant designs, prosthodontic design and clinical situations which the implants have been applied. The improvements in longevity of dental implants need to review on the success criteria of the marginal bone loss, of approximately 0.2 mm annually after the first year. The United States National Institutes of health consensus conference in 1988 have shown their concern of stable marginal bone level and advised clinical studies to have longitudinal evaluation of bone level measurements for an accurate implant evaluation. Aesthetics, as much as function, play an important role in patient satisfaction of implant dentistry. The expected demands have led the clinician to increase their understanding and skill in implantation and restoration of the implant prosthesis. In conjunction with these attempts, improvements in the design, texture and surface chemistry of the implants have been made. Many of these are commercially available although some may only have had a short history of commercial life. The implant neck design is one of these areas of development. Micro-textured and the macro-textured surfaces were explored. These designs mainly aimed to enhance the stability of interface for both soft and hard tissue and minimise the marginal bone reduction in the first year of implantation. An animal study by Abrahamsson et al. has shown the marginal bone level differences between three different implant designs had no statistical significance. However, all three implant designs had turned surface at hard and soft tissue interface. Astrand and his colleagues compraired rough neck surfaced neck implant and turned surface over 5 years. The measurements were better in the rough surfaced neck implant but there was no statistical significance. Despite after these results, finite element studies have shown that the retentive form at the coronal portion of fixture have favourably reduced the peak interfacial shear stress at the margin and more stresses were present at the lower part of the implant. On the micro texture implant, retention of hard tissues with the micro-textured surfaces was observed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of three different implant neck designs on bone and soft tissue interface region in dogs at 8 and 12 weeks after implantation.


In this paper, an Aeshnidae Algorithm (AA) is used to solve optimal reactive power problem. The key inducement of the aeshnidae algorithm (AA) instigate from static and dynamic swarming behaviours. These two swarming behaviours are very alike to the two key phases of optimization using meta-heuristics: exploration and exploitation. Aeshnidae generate sub swarms and fly over diverse areas in a static swarm, which is the key objective of the exploration phase. In the static swarm, however, aeshnidae fly in bigger swarms and along one direction, which is favourable in the exploitation phase. In this proposed aeshnidae algorithm, two essential phases of optimization, exploration and exploitation, are designed by modelling the social interaction of aeshnidae in navigating, searching for foods, and avoiding enemies when swarming dynamically or statistically. The projected aeshnidae algorithm (AA) has been tested in standard IEEE 30 bus test system and simulation results show clearly about the enhanced performance of the projected algorithm in tumbling the real power loss.


Objective
To verify the simulation effect by the performance of pedal and reaction tasks in aviation emergency simulation on ground and to evaluate the subjects' psychological stress response by heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods
Twenty-seven male subjects participated in the reaction task, the pedal task and the comprehensive tasks. In pedal task, subjects applied force on pedals with the feedback of force indication and the force curves were recorded. Subjects were asked to respond colored lights of reaction task in defined time (1 s) in reaction task. A safe-level current stimulus was applied on subject's wrist in case of wrong or prolonged response happened. Comprehensive task was the integration of pedal and reaction tasks. ECG signals were recorded at pre-task baselines before the task and in the tasks. The reaction rate, reaction accuracy and the performance of pedal task were all calculated.

Results
The subjects′ reaction rate in the comprehensive tasks was faster than that in the reaction task (t=5.16, P<0.05), while the accuracy was lower than that in the reaction task (t=1.97, P<0.05). The performance of pedal force in the comprehensive task was the lowest (t=2.43, P<0.05). Subjects′ heart rate was significantly different among the pre-task, pedal task and comprehensive task (F=42.33, P<0.05). HR was the lowest in the pre-task and the highest in comprehensive task. Standard deviation of the NN intervals, root mean square of successive difference of the NN intervals had different distribution in 3 tasks (χ2=25.85, 38.00, P<0.05). The high frequency power, low frequency normalized unit and high frequency normalized unit showed significantly different among tasks (χ2=19.18, 26.96, 24.00, P<0.05). Standard deviation of the NN intervals, root mean square of successive difference of the NN intervals was the highest in pre-task and the lowest in comprehensive task.

Conclusions
The comprehensive task brings changes on the behavioristics of subjects. The HRV index verifies the raising of subjects′ psychological stress in comprehensive task, and the aviation emergency that simulated on ground would induce subjects′ fear mood to a certain extent.

Key words:
Heat rate; Stress, psychological; Workload; Evaluation studies


The fast switching speed of high voltage silicon carbide (SiC) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) can achieve high power density but are accompanied by significant common-mode (CM) current. The CM current propagates through the parasitic capacitor between the floating electrical potential and the grounded baseplate, which leads to conduct electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise. This paper focuses on the CM EMI mitigation in power module packaging. A 10kV/60A module configuration is proposed and optimized toward high insulation, low CM noise, and a convenient module-system interface. Stacking DBC substrates structure is utilized for the device-baseplate insulation, which provide a vertical structure for EMI shielding and paths for EMI mitigation. Furthermore, an extra pattern is etched on the middle layer of stacking DBC substrates for parasitic capacitance reduction. The EMI propagation loop difference between the conventional stacking DBC substrates and the proposed structure with the middle layer pattern are compared. The optimized configuration and middle layer pattern offer a significantly reduced grounding capacitance by 37%.


PCR amplification of Hi-C libraries introduces unusable duplicates and results in a biased representation of chromatin interactions. We present a simplified, fast, and economically efficient Hi-C library preparation procedure that generates sufficient non-amplified ligation products for deep sequencing from 30 million Drosophila cells. Comprehensive analysis of the resulting data indicates that amplification-free Hi-C preserves higher complexity of chromatin interaction and lowers sequencing depth dramatically for the same number of unique paired reads. For human cells which has a large genome, this method recovers an amount of ligated fragments enough for direct high-throughput sequencing without amplification on as low as 250 thousand of cells. Comparison with published in situ Hi-C on millions of human cells reveals that amplification introduces distance-dependent amplification bias, which results in increasing background noise level against genomic distance. With amplification bias avoided, our method may produce a chromatin interaction network more faithfully reflecting the real three-dimensional genomic architecture.


Myths about sexuality continue to provoke misinformation, fundamentally in teenagers in which false or mistaken beliefs circulate transmitted among them; in the face of this background, parents, health staff, teachers and the social media must offer correct information about sexuality allowing young people to obtain real data, thereby improving their sexual education. It is a cross-sectional descriptive type study, with a quantitative approach and a sample of 316 students. A survey was used as a technique previously validated and implemented in a free and voluntary informed consent. The tabulation was executed using the Microsoft Excel program and the results were represented in tables. In such a way in the results it was determined that a great percentage on myths in the students do not maintain a good sexual education, so much so that 43 % mention that a pregnancy in stage of breastfeeding does not take place, 67 % consider that in the interrupted coitus does not exist the possibility of a pregnancy, 61 % mention that if a vaginal shower exists after a sexual relation does not originate a pregnancy, based on these mentioned indicators they show a lack of knowledge regarding sexuality. This research was considered relevant and of high importance because at the time of evaluating the myths there was a worrying lack of knowledge among the teenage population and therefore education about teen sexuality should be provided.

Keywords: Young people, education, indicators.


THE EFFECT OF IRON PILL SUPPLEMENTATION ADDED WITH VITAMIN E (ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL) TO HEMOGLOBIN AND IRON STATUS OF CHILDBEARING AGE WOMEN SUSPECTED SUFFERING FROM CARRIER THALASSEMIA. Background: Anemia control programme among pregnant women had been conducting for about three decades, but prevalence of anemia still considered high. It was reported by Nutrition and Food Research Centre (2000) that 37.4% of childbearing women indicated fragility of red blood cell membrane wich assumed related to anemia. One of the vitamins which have positive effect to the wall of red blood cells is vitamin E through its rolle as antioxidant. It was recommended to conduct a study to determine the effect of supplementation of iron pill, "Ferro sulfate" (60 mg elemental iron with 25 mg folic acid) added with vitamin E (20 mg a-tocopherol) to hemoglobin level and iron status of childbearing age of women. Methods: The study design was "Intervention with quacy experiment trial".  The study sites covered 10 villages in Cianjur district of West Java. A total of 210 childbearing age women (19-45 years old) with indication of fragility of red blood cell membrane which was determined by procedure of NESTROF (Naked Eye Single Test Tube Red Cell Osmotic Fragility), divided into two groups (105 women/group). Group I received one iron pill daily and vitamin E twice a week for 10 weeks. While group II received Iron pill only, without vitamin E. Data collection was conducted before and after intervention. Results: After 10 weeks intervention, the average of Hb increament of group I (0.4 g/dl) was slightly higher than that of group II (0.3 g/dl). There was improvement of serum ferritin of both groups with increament 4.3 mg/dl for group I and 7.2 mg/dl for group II. Vitamin E status of both groups still considered low: 3.1 mg/L for group I and 3.1 mg/L for group II. Normal value of serum vitamin E is 5.0 mg/L. Conclusions: Vitamin E (20 mg of a-tocopherol) which was given twice a week bisides daily supplementation of iron pill (60 mg elemental iron of sulfas ferrosus + 25 mg folic acid) for 10 weeks increased the effectiveness of Hb synthesis 1.5 times than that of supplementation of iron only without vitamin E. Keywords: iron supplementation, Hb level, iron status, vitamin E status, NESTROF, fragility of cells membrane


It is not possible, in practice, to precisely model a complex propagation channel, such as shallow water. This lack of accuracy causes a deterioration in the performance of the optimal detector and motivates the search for sub-optimal detectors which are insensitive to uncertainties in the propagation model. We present a novel, robust detector, which measures the degree of spatial-stationarity of the received field, exploiting the fact that a signal propagating in a bounded channel induces non-spatial-stationarity. The performance of the proposed detector is evaluated using both simulated data and experimental data collected in the Mediterranean Sea. This performance is compared to those of three other detectors, employing different extents of prior information. It is shown that when the propagation channel is not completely known, as is the case of the experimental data, the novel detector outperforms the others. That is, this detector couples good performance with robustness to propagation uncertainties.


The Kahoot is a Web 3.0 App that provides quizzes and jumbles in a "game-show" type format. Scores are granted for correct responses and participants instantly get the results of their responses. This study scrutinizes the role of using Kahoot in the enhancement of English Vocabulary of Moroccan EFL University Students. Ninety-seven third-semester Moroccan students of English at Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University in Meknes were targeted. The aim of this quasi-experimental study is to analyze the importance of incorporating Kahoot as a Web 3.0 App inside classroom to enrich university students' vocabulary, which contributes to honing language skills mainly writing and speaking. The project thus introduces the extent to which Kahoot paves the way for students to understand vocabulary in context. The participants were taught with the help of Kahoot activities, and the project lasted eight weeks. Analyses of the questionnaires' responses prior to and after the exposure to Kahoot, which were administered to a convenient sampling, reveals it significantly contributes to students' vocabulary richness. Indeed, the research seeks an alternate teaching approach that would assist students in widening English vocabulary via online gamification. Faculty members may hopefully generate novel pedagogies from this paper's outcome. The ultimate results imply that Kahoot contributes to enriching EFL students' lexicon.


...........................................................................................................................v List of Figures ..................................................................................................................viii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................ix Chapter I: Introduction .....................................................................................................1 Purpose Statement ......................................................................................................3 Statement of Research Problem and Question ...........................................................5 Story of the Question .................................................................................................6 Organization of the Paper ..........................................................................................8 Chapter II: Literature Review ..........................................................................................9 Culturally Responsive Pedagogy ...............................................................................10 Multicultural Literature in Classrooms ......................................................................13 Conclusion .................................................................................................................18 Chapter III: Research Design/Methodology ....................................................................20 Procedure of the Study ...............................................................................................21 Data Sources ..............................................................................................................23 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................24 Context .......................................................................................................................25 Community ..........................................................................................................25 School district ......................................................................................................25 School ..................................................................................................................26 Students ................................................................................................................27


The redox chemistry of [CuL]2+[L = pdto = 1,8-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-3,6-dithiaoctane, bbdo = 1,8-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-3,6-dithiaoctane, pttn = 1,9-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-2,5,8-trithianonane or pttu = 1,11-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-3,6,9-trithiaundecane] in the presence of α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins (cd) in aqueous solution has been extensively investigated by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric techniques. The addition of cyclodextrins to the complexes results in a substantial decrease in peak currents rather than in peak potentials. The ipa rather than ipc or ΔEp or E½ is very sensitive to the variation in the cyclodextrin concentration. The couple CuII–CuI of [Cu(pdto)]2+ tends to become reversible, as shown by the decrease in ΔEp and that of ipa/ipc towards unity. Plots of ipa, ipc, Epa and ΔEpvs. the number of moles of cyclodextrin show sharp inflections, interestingly at 5, 4 and 3 mol of α-, β- and γ-cd respectively. These limiting values do not correspond to the usual inclusion complex formation by cyclodextrins but to the formation of novel and regular arrays around the complex, the number of molecules in the array being dictated by the size of the cyclodextrin. This also illustrates the prevention of adsorption of [Cu(pdto)]+ on the glassy carbon electrode. For the other complexes the changes in redox properties in the presence of cyclodextrins are not as regular and significant. Plots of changes in ipa and ipcvs. cyclodextrin concentration give Hill's coefficients greater than unity (1.3–2.1). The values of K+/K2+ for all the complexes and Ka(K2+) for the complex formation of [Cu(pdto)]2+ with cyclodextrins have been determined and discussed. Significant reduction or enhancement in Iµmax values has been observed both for the ligand-field and charge-transfer bands in the presence of all three cyclodextrins.


A reactive ion etching process (RIE) of GaAs(AlGaAs), InP with Cl2: Cl2:CH4+Ar; CCl2F2; BCl3 mixtures is described. The influence of the process parameters on the etching rate is given for GaAs, GaAlAs and InP. The variations of the RIE process parameters take possibility to change the side wall geometry up to the vertical. The damage caused by RIE was studied by Raman spectroscopy and PL. The results of application As2S3(As2S3:Zn)/photoresist and other multilayer masks for submicron‐size element formation are presented.


Contrasting to the first period of Modern Hebrew literature, when books by female authors were not privileged in the national cannon, books by women writers published in the 20th century final years became very popular. Part of this success is due tothe historical background adopted by sevéral books of that period. This paper deals with two novels of the period: Shulamit Lapid's book has a woman in the beginning of the 19thcentury colonization period as its heroine while Shifra Horn's book, dealing with the sameapproximately, has several female characters whose names and features remind biblical matriarchs.


Objective To study the differences of skeletal muscle protein expression between myasthenia gravis( MG) patients of spleen and stomach deficiency type and the normal volunteers, and to explore the pathogenesis of MG. Methods We applied the two-dimensional electrophoresis(2-DE) technology to separate the skeletal muscle protein of spleen and stomach deficiency MG patients and the normal, and used Image Master 2D platinum 5.0 software to analyze the obtained images. And then the differential proteins with the relative ratio being or over 1.5 were identified by using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). Finally, the matched proteins were obtained after searching in the IPI database. Results By means of 2-DE technology, 27 protein spots which expressed differently were found in MG patients of spleen and stomach deficiency type and the normal. Of the 27 protein spots, 14 had low expression in the experimental group and high expression in the normal control group, and 13 had high expression in the experimental group and low expression in the normal control group. Among 27 differential proteins, 10 proteins have been identified from the 15 proteins with higher relative ratio. Conclusion The pathogenesis and( or)pathological process of MG would probably be the results of a variety of mechanisms involved, such as the changes of muscle cell structural protein expression, the disorder of mitochondrial energy metabolism, as well as calcium channel and oxygen free radicals associated with skeletal muscle contraction. However, it still remains uncertain that MG is related with fibrinogen and its peptide chain, or the complications of thymic hyperplasia and thymic tumor in MG are correlated with ADP-ibosylarginine hydrolase.


GOD NEVER FORGETS: FAITH, HOPE, AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Edited by Donald K. McKim. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1997, 117 pp. Edited by Donald K. McKim God Never Forgets is an excellent compilation of essays by noted authors such as James W. Ellor, Denise Dombkwoski Hopkins, and Stephen Sapp, which deals with the oft-forgotten spiritual dimensions of persons with Alzheimer's disease, their friends, and families. The book leads the reader through a vivid description of Alzheimer's impact on the person, family, and the church body, and concrete ways the faith community can be of assistance. The connecting thread throughout the book's six chapters is God's unwavering faithfulness, even when human faith is lost through the ravages of Alzheimer's. Ellor begins with an overview of the stages of Alzheimer's disease and discussion of key spiritual questions. As people with Alzheimer's lose their cognitive abilities and memories, the question of what happens to their faith is often paramount. He asserts that the spirit does not leave, even though cognition deteriorates and that God does not abandon people when they become unable to express feelings and faith. He suggests ways churches can modify worship services to accommodate


The unsteady, two-dimensional, thermally stratified flow in the neighborhood of an idealized thermoacoustic stack is analyzed using a low-Mach-number model that extends the adiabatic flow scheme developed in part I (J. Comput. Phys. 127, 424 (1996)). The extension consists of incorporation of numerical solvers for the energy equations in the fluid and the stack plates, and construction and implementation of fast Poisson solver for the velocity potential based on a domain decomposition/boundary Green's function technique. The unsteady computations are used to predict the steady-state, acoustically generated temperature gradient across a two-dimensional couple and to analyze its dependence on the amplitude of the prevailing resonant wave. Computed results are compared to theoretical predictions and experimental data.


The symptoms of zinc deficiency in subterranean clover (var. Dwalganup) and lucerne (var. Hunter River) are described. Bronze spotting was caused by the localized collapse of cells of the upper epidermis. Spherical coacervates which occurred in the underlying cells were different in appearance in the two species. Microchemical tests indicated the presence of phosphorus compounds in the membrane enveloping the coacervates of subterranean clover. The "little leaves" were variable in thickness owing to hypertrophy of the palisade cells. Reduced light delayed the date of appearance of these symptoms.


HE IMMUNOHEMATOPOIETIC system is reguT lated by a group of glycoprotein growth factors (cytokines).',* Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is mainly a monocyte-derived cytokine with a broad spectrum of immunostimulatory and inflammatory effects.31~ Recent in vitro, as well as in vivo studies have shown its role in the regulation of hematopoiesis.' For example, it synergizes with other cytokines (eg, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF], granulocytemacrophage CSF [GM-CSF], macrophage-CSF [M-CSF], and IL-3) in stimulating early hematopoietic stem cells in a clonogenic assay of 5-fluorouracil-treated bone marrow cells,s enhances the in vitro survival of purified granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells in the absence of CSF,6 and sustains the in vitro viability and proliferation of fresh leukemic cek7 The different in vitro and in vivo IL-1-associated effects have been shown to be inhibited by different factors that were identified and isolated from various sources.*-'* We have previously reported on the isolation and characterization of an IL-1 inhibitory factor13 secreted by the M20 human myelomonocytic cell line.I4 The factor was found to be a protein with a molecular weight of 52 2 5 Kd and an isoelectric point (PI) of 4.2.1331' In vitro experiments indicated that the factor inhibited IL-1-associated proliferative responses such as those of mouse thymocytes, human T cells or fibroblasts. However, it did not affect IL-&induced thymocyte proliferation, IL-2-dependent cell lines, or background proliferation of unstimulated lymphocytes, suggesting that this inhibitor is specific for IL-l-dependent response^.'^ In vivo, this factor was found very active in reducing specifically IL-1-induced inflammatory parameters.I6 The M20-derived IL-1 inhibitor was recently found to be immunologically distinct from the


Summary:  Purpose: Perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy, the increase in seizure frequency that some women with epilepsy experience near the time of menstruation, may in part be related to withdrawal of the progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone, an endogenous anticonvulsant neurosteroid that is a potent positive allosteric γ‐aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor modulator. The objective of this study was to develop an animal model of perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy for use in evaluating drug‐treatment strategies.


The stratigraphic investigations were preceded by a surface survey of the area of the ancient Cornus, which allowed us to identify it's chronological range as dating from the fifth century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. The first two excavations brought to light a series of structures linking back to three different occupation phases of the settlement. A cistern of large ashlars of limestone dates to the earliest phase. This has been dated, based on building techniques, to a stage no later than the second century A.D. A structure, interpreted as a bath building which, based on the African Sigillata D may be dated to the last quarter of the fourth century A.D, occurs in a second phase. The last phase, dating from the beginning of the sixth century A.D., coincides with a renewed occupation of Cornus as byzantine castrum.


This article tries to analyse the work of two authors: Martha Rosler and Rogelio Lopez from the interest that both show in their productions about issues on the citizenship, the collective memory, and the urban space where converge the longings and interests of those that inhabit it. Regarding the methodology employed, it has been based in the qualitatively analysis of the works, of the thought and of the type of language used by both artists. The symbol, the image and the word through the appropriation of advertising resources are inherent characteristics to the work of both. It is a matter of making visible those social problems inserted in the urban space, through the poetics of the language. Therefore, we appreciate that the city, the community and the public space become one of the main keys in the productions of both artists. That is, the search for communication between artist and citizenship based on rhetorical figures (allegories, metaphors, paradoxes, ironies, etc.) where language is protagonist alongside the appropriation of images as a way of making visible the invisibilities within their works inserted in the contemporary urban art.