The violent conflict in Sudan's western region of Darfur has produced a man-made humanitarian catastrophe. Since the outbreak of hostilities in 2003, over 70 000 people have been killed and more than two million displaced. The scale and intensity of human suffering have led critics to accuse Khartoum of ethnic cleansing and even genocide. This article examines Sudan's violation of international norms of good conduct during President Bashir's rule. The inquiry begins with an explanation of the notion of deviant behaviour. The content of the principal norms broken by Sudan is then outlined, followed by an investigation of Khartoum's misdemeanours. Attention is also paid to foreign responses to Sudan's norm-violating actions.


Objetive: The aim of the study was to evaluate the maximum molar bite force in children aged 4 to 6 years with and without dental caries. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from May 2018 to December 2018. A total of 288 children aged between 4 to 6 years were randomly selected from six different primary schools in Chennai city, India and divided into two groups of 144 children each, based on the presence and absence of caries: Group A children with non-carious dentition and Group B children with carious dentition. Bite force measurement was performed using standardized custom made occlusal force gauge. Statistical analysis used: Data were expressed as the mean ± SD. Student's t‑test (two tailed, independent) and ANOVA were used to find the significance of study parameters between the groups. Results: Occlusal bite force of non-carious dentition (367.94 ±33.71N) was higher than the carious dentition (326.73±27.83N) and it was statistically significant (p≤0.01). Overall occlusal bite force of boys (350.44±35.84N) was significantly higher than that of girls (344.22±38.25N). Flush terminal plane molar relationship showed higher occlusal bite force (380.54±27.36N) followed by mesial step (350.82±22.25N) and distal step (310.63±20.82N) molar relationship. Conclusion: Non-carious dentition showed significantly higher bite force than carious dentition in children 4 to 6 years of age. Boys had higher bite force than the girls and flush terminal plane molar relationship showed higher bite force than mesial and distal step molar relationship.


The author analyzes the relations between the notion of landscape, the practices of landscape architects and urban designers, and the political french context of sustainable development. The article concerns at first the history of landscape between art and science. Then, it studies relations between public institutions and landscape professionals. It develops different answers of landscape designers, and the way for the landscape projects to work with ethics of sustainable development.


In 1987, the Verein Feministischer Wissenschaft commemorated 120 years of women as students at the University of Ziirich with an exhibition at the university. Similarly, in 1993 a working group of scholars and historians reflected on 90 years of women studying at the University of Munich (Buf3mann, 1993; Ebenso neu als kuhn, 1988). These commemorations had two main foci. The first was on the present, on the situation of female students and scholars and on presentation of the results of women's research. The other focus was on the past; it commemorated the first women who studied at the university and celebrated them as female pioneers. By turning to the past, the organisers tried to uncover 'the roots of handed-down prejudices against female students'. (Buf3mann, 1993, p. 12) Along with this, the organisers criticised the insufficient attention paid to this topic in scholarly research on both the history of the university and the history of education. As with other topics in the history of education, research on the place of female students drew its initial impetus from current problems (above all the discrimination against female students and scholars in the present university system) and these problems, in turn, fundamentally determined the nature of the questions asked. Six features emerge from methodological discussions in history, education, sociology, theology and women's studies: (1) the beginning of women as students at the university; (2) the 'tradition of prejudice'; (3) structural analyses of female students across time; (4) university socialisation and memory; (5) occupationally specific analyses; and (6) approaches drawn from the history and sociology of science and scholarship [1]. In addition there are a number of biographical publications on female students who later became scholars [2]. When considering the spectrum of publications on the history of women students, it is notable, moreover, that there is a considerable concentration on the period between the foundation of the Second German Empire in 1871 and the first years of National Socialism [3]. Conversely, for Prussia-which in terms of the history of education is well-researched and which led the reform in education in the 19th and


ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Biology Open, helping early-career researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Roberta Azzarelli is first author on 'Three-dimensional model of glioblastoma by co-culturing tumor stem cells with human brain organoids', published in BiO. Roberta conducted the research described in this article while a Rita Levi Montalcini fellow in Roberta Azzarelli's lab at Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy. She is now a research associate in the lab of Anna Philpott at the Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, UK, investigating how stem cell and developmental biology can help tackle cancer.


Glioblastoma has the poorest prognosis among brain tumors, and most cases recur. On the other hand, evidence of prognosis improvement by maximal surgical removal of the tumor is being established, and in recent years, new treatments such as temozolomide (2006), photodynamic therapy (2014), and TTF therapy (2018) were approved by insurance. and patient outcome has improved. In addition, molecular targeted therapy (bevacizumab approved in 2011) and immunotherapy are also used in clinical practice. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the long-term treatment results of newly diagnosed glioblastoma cases treated at our facility, the correlation with the resection rate, and the treatment results by age and treatment method.

 We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, resection rate, and treatment outcomes of adult patients with primary supratentorial glioblastoma who underwent surgery and treatment at our institution during the 20-year period from 2001 to 2021.

 493 cases, median age 58 years (18-85 years), 293 males and 200 females. The median and mean contrast-enhanced lesion resection rates in resection cases were 98% and 96.6%, respectively. Median PFS and OS for all patients (including biopsies) were 9.4 months and 22.7 months, respectively. The median OS for each age was 12.9 months, 22.9 months, 23 months, and 31.1 months when analyzed separately for 2001-2006, 2007-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2021 before TMZ. (p<0.0001), and treatment results improved with age. In particular, the median OS of 23 patients who combined PDT and autologous tumor vaccine (AFTV) was 63.1 months.

 Treatment results for glioblastoma improve with age, and the time has come when we can aim for a 5-year survival rate of 50% by combining a high resection rate with multidisciplinary therapy including intraoperative MRI, PDT, AFTV and TTF.


In this paper, we introduce the problem of computing a minimum edge ranking spanning tree (MERST); i.e., find a spanning tree of a given graph G whose edge ranking is minimum. Although the minimum edge ranking of a given tree can be computed in polynomial time, we show that problem MERST is NP-hard. Furthermore, we present an approximation algorithm for MERST, which realizes its worst case performance ratio min{(Δ*-1)log n/Δ*,Δ*-1}/log(Δ*+1)-1, where n is the number of vertices in G and Δ* is the maximum degree of a spanning tree whose maximum degree is minimum. Although the approximation algorithm is a combination of two existing algorithms for the restricted spanning tree problem and for the minimum edge ranking problem of trees, the analysis is based on novel properties of the edge ranking of trees.


Hydro plants that have not yet automated will soon be in the minority. While the degree and sophistication of automation varies, appropriate technology has become more accessible and affordable. This article is a review of the trend toward automation, a discussion of the technical aspects, and the application/results on automation at a particular power plant.


Remote Framebuffer (RFB) protocol is a simple protocol for remote access to graphical user interfaces. The use of the RFB protocol has been developed as a means of streaming content, alleviating much of the processing requirements of games for the end user. Cloud gaming is currently an area of the gaming industry gaining large amounts of ground with respect to the potential viability in the future. Understanding how QoS can affect the development of cloud gaming, as well as the metrics involved, and how these metrics affect areas surrounding QoE could help aid developments in cloud gaming as an extremely viable process in the future.


Nearly ten percent of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans are aborted or incomplete due to symptoms of anxiety or claustrophobia. Pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment options, such as sedation, anesthesia, or coaching from staff, are available at most institutions for patients if anxiety or claustrophobia is "flagged" prior to the exam. In 2015, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) released diagnostic imaging requirements that included management and tracking of patient incidents, such as aborted or incomplete exams. Pre-screening for medical conditions, including anxiety, and preparing for appropriate intervention prior to exam start may help reduce aborted or incomplete exams. Supporting evidence exists for anxiety screening tools and anxiety in the MRI setting, but evidence linking both is limited. The purpose of this scholarly inquiry paper was to assess anxiety screening tools with the intent to provide a recommendation for use in the diagnostic MRI setting. The research question used to guide the purpose was, "In patients undergoing diagnostic radiology studies, specifically MRI, is there a pre-screening anxiety tool that could be used to better prepare for successful exam completion?" A literature search was completed following the framework outlined in the first three phases of The Stetler Model of Research Utilization in evidence-based practice. Eight anxiety screening tools were identified. Three tools were further reviewed as they yielded the best evidence to support their use in the clinical setting, the 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale GAD-2. The literature suggests that the use of these tools in the clinical setting, not specifically diagnostic radiology (MRI) setting, may improve patient outcomes related to anxiety. The outcome of this integrative literature review is to recommend evaluation of the tools in the diagnostic MRI setting, specifically the GAD-7 and/or the GAD2. Further testing of these tools could identify whether symptoms of anxiety and/or claustrophobia are successfully captured prior to the exam allowing staff to prepare for interventions that would improve patient outcomes. Tool testing measures could include: user feedback (patients), staff feedback, and successful exam completion rates yielding adequate images for diagnostic purposes. Anxiety screening tools can enhance efficiency in the department and identify whether interventions, based on screening tool calculations, would improve patient outcomes and experiences.


Handwriting is a skill developed by humans from the very early stage in the order to represent his/her thoughts visually using letters and making meaningful words and sentences. Every person improves this skill by practicing and develops his/her own style of writing. Because of the distinctiveness of handwriting style, it is frequently used as a measure to identify a forgery. Even though the applications of synthesizing of handwriting is less, this problem can be generalized and can be functionally applied to other more practical problems. Synthesizing the handwriting is a quite complicated task to achieve. Deep recurrent neural networks specifically Deep LSTM cells can be used along with a Mixture Density Network to generate artificial handwriting data. But using this model we can only generate random handwriting styles which are being hallucinated by the model. Mimicking a specific handwriting style is not so efficient with this model. Mimicking or imitating a specific handwriting style can have an extensive variety of applications like generating personalized handwritten documents, editing a handwritten document by using the similar handwriting style and also it is extended to compare handwriting styles to identify a forgery. A web prototype is developed along with the model to test the results where the user can enter the text input and select handwriting style to be used. And the application will return the handwritten document containing input text mimicking the selected handwriting style. The application will also provide a way to fine-tune the handwriting styles by changing few parameters.


Spirituality is a vital element of integrative health and well-being. Research is demonstrating that spiritual and religious beliefs and practices are associated with sleep quality, as they are for many aspects of waking life. This chapter examines literature and clinical approaches to explore questions about the definition of spirituality and religion, how spirituality influences health, how spirituality influences sleep, what can be gleaned from current descriptive and interventional research, and what mechanisms might underlie associations of spirituality with sleep. The authors then present material on approaches to working with spirituality in the practice of integrative medicine and care, touching on the personal groundedness and well-being of clinicians, clinical approaches to supporting meaningful living in patients, and organizational approaches to creating affirming, empowering, and satisfying work environments. The authors also include a short section on spirituality and dreams.


Objective: To explore the regulative effect on Survivin of r-HuEPO after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats, and understand the neuroprotection mechanisms of r-HuEPO. Methods: Seventy-eight adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n = 6), TBI group (n = 36) and r-HuEPO group (n = 36). The experimental TBI model was created by Feeney's method. Samples were obtained after injury for measuring apoptosis of cells by Epics XL Flow Cytometer. Immunochemical method was performed for inspection of expressions of Survivin and NF-κB proteins. Results: Compared to the sham group, the number of apoptotic cells and Survivin, NF-κB immunopositive cells was significantly increased in the injured brain after TBI (P < 0.01). R-HuEPO significantly increased the expression of survivin and NF-κB, but decreased the apoptotic rates. Conclusion: Increased expression of NF-κB by r-HuEPO may play important role in regulating Survivin level, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in cortex and exerting protective function to neurons.


English has become the most important language in the World, and at the same time become the most important foreign language in Indonesia. It is used in many aspects of life and used as a communication tool or lingua franca among people of non-English speaking countries.
Indonesian workplace culture is also developing consistent with the international changes resulting from globalisation and the impact of the information era. While workplace research has been conducted by scholars in many countries around the globe, such research is under-developed in Indonesia. As a consequence, research concerned with how English is used in Indonesian workplaces is virtually unknown; this research seeks to change that situation.


The ternary solid complex has been synthesized with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaEt2dtc·3H2O),1,10-phenanthroline (o-phen·H2O) and hydrated neodymium chloride in absolute ethanol. The title complex was identified as the general formula of Nd(Et2dtc)3(phen) by chemical and elemental analyses. IR spectrum of the complex showed that the Nd^3+ coordinated with six sulfur atoms of three NaEt2dtc and two nitrogen atoms of o-phen. It was assumed that the coordination number of Nd^3+ is eight. The enthalpy change of liquid-phase reaction of formation, △rHm^Θ(1), was determined as (-12.274±0.050) kJ·mo1^-1 at 298.15 K by a rnicrocalorimeter, the enthalpy change of the solid-phase reaction of formation, △rHm^Θ(s), was calculated as (149.069±0.314) kJ·mo1^-1 on the basis of a thermochemical cycle. The thermodynamics of reaction of formation was studied by changing the temperature of liquid-phase reaction. The constant-volume combustion energy of the complex, △cU, was determined as (-18674.22±8.33) kJ·mol^-1 by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, △cHm^Θ, and standard enthalpy of formation, △cHm^Θ, were calculated as (-18693.43±8.33) kJ·mol^-1 and (-47.03±9.17) kJ·mo1^-1, respectively.


OBJECTIVES: • To report the potency and oncological outcomes of patients undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using a risk-stratified approach based on layers of periprostatic fascial dissection. • We also describe the surgical technique of complete hammock preservation or nerve sparing grade 1. PATIENTS AND METHODS: • This is a retrospective study of 2317 patients who had robotic prostatectomy by a single surgeon at a single institution between January 2005 and June 2010. • Included patients were those with ≥ 1 year of follow-up and who were potent preoperatively, defined as having a sexual health inventory for men (SHIM) questionnaire score of >21; thus, the final number of patients in the study cohort was 1263. • Patients were categorized pre-operatively by a risk-stratified approach into risk grades 1-4, where risk grade 1 patients received nerve-sparing grade 1 or complete hammock preservation and so on for risk grades 2-4, as long as intraoperative findings permitted the planned nerve sparing. • We considered return to sexual function post-operatively by two criteria: i) ability to have successful intercourse (score of ≥ 4 on question 2 of the SHIM) and ii) SHIM >21 or return to baseline sexual function.


Photoactivated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization (RDRP) technologies have emerged very recently in the field of 3D printing systems especially at the macroscale in vat‐photopolymerization‐based processes such as digital light processing (DLP). Contrary to conventional free radical photopolymerization, photoRDRP in 3D printing leads to 3D objects with living character and thus confers them the unique ability to be post‐modified after fabrication. While 3D direct laser writing (3D DLW) by two photon polymerization has become a standard for fabrication of complex 3D micro‐objects, the use of RDRP and its associated benefits has so far been under‐investigated at that scale. Herein, a photoresist suitable for 3D DLW based on nitroxide mediated photopolymerization (NMP2) is developed. The photopolymerization efficiency for fabrication of micro‐structures and their subsequent post‐modification are investigated regarding the laser power and the wavelength of excitation. Moreover, highly tunable, precise, and successive surface patterning of 2D and 3D multi‐material microstructures are demonstrated thanks to the spatial and temporal control offered by the photo‐induced post‐modification. This work highlights new directions to be explored in order to accelerate the adoption of RDRP in 3D printing based on photopolymerization.


Parametric decay of an upper-hybrid pump into another upper-hybrid wave and a low-frequency lower-hybrid mode is considered in a two-electron temperature plasma. Expressions for the nonlinear dispersion relation and growth rate are obtained. It is found that the growth rate is quite sensitive to the hot-electron temperature and the density ratio of the hot and the cold components only when the side-band frequency is close to the second or third harmonic of the cyclotron frequency. The relevance of our investigation to Q machines and the ELMO bumpy torus is pointed out.


The deficiency of current methods for predicting the airport total cargo was analysed and the grey support vector machine combination model was introduced to predict the airport total cargo.The ratio sequence of the actual values to the results predicted by the gray model was regarded as an input of the support vector machine model,and the radial basis function was selected as a kernel function.By use of cross-validation method the optimal parameter was searched.The support vector machine model was then applied to predict the real ratio sequence,and finally the result was restored to the value of the airport total cargo by using again the gray model.The total cargo of Shanghai airport was taken as an example to illustrate the feasibility of the model,and its results were compared with those predicted by the gray model and the support vector machine model.


With selective assembly based on the combinatorial optimization method, a combination of parts is optimized so that high quality assembled units are obtained in a lot unit at the maximum assembly rate while dimensions of each part are referred to appropriately. The assembly method proposed in this study combines selective assembly based on a combinatorial optimization method with micro-machining so as to produce high precision assembled units. This method is applied to the high precision assembly system where hole parts are combined with shaft parts. Further, micro-machining used for the correction of the dimensions of the shaft parts is taken into consideration during the optimization of the parts combination, and it is attempted to verify the performance by simulation. This system is effective in a small lot production, where higher assembly rates can not be attained with conventional methods, in such that a higher rate is obtained if micro-machining is used alongside. With the combinatorial optimization method for parts where micro-machining is taken into consideration in advance, maximum micro-machining dimension and maximum machining time of the shaft parts can be greatly reduced and the number of assembled units close to the ideal state is increased.


The Fibonacci word is one example of a fractal object. The fractal Fibonacci word has the property of being similar to curves with curves. The curve Fibonacci word generated based on the Fibonacci word sequence. The Fibonacci word sequence can be defined by morphism so that a new sequence with the three-digit rule {0,1,2} is called Dense Fibonacci Word. In this research, the variation of the curve Dense Fibonacci Word generated by using the method L-Systems which applies several morphisms. This research method is divided into five stages, the first is the interpretation of the Dense Fibonacci Word and variations of morphism based on the Fibonacci word sequence. Second, the interpretation of fractals Dense Fibonacci Word using the method L-Systems mathematically. Third, the interpretation of fractals Dense Fibonacci Word using the method L-Systems graphically. Fourth, program making and fifth, analysis of results. The results obtained in this study are the visualization of the curve Dense Fibonacci Word with the method L-Systems, the shape of the curve Dense Fibonacci Word varies by applying several morphisms. The variation of the curve Dense Fibonacci Word is compared to each morphism which results in a different shape of the curve Dense Fibonacci Word in the small generation, but the larger the generation the fractal pattern is the same.


The Italian offshore is one of the most active in Europe. Although it cannot be compared with the North Sea in terms of hydrocarbon production or potential, Italy is expending a great deal of effort in order to reduce imported oil and gas from the current level of around 90% of total domestic consumption of 147 million tons of oil equivalent a year. The drilling program, major targets, and development of new oil fields are discussed briefly. (JMT)


Medicinal plants represent a rich source from which antimicrobial agents may be obtained and are used medicinally in different countries as source of many potent and powerful drugs.  Moringa oleifera Lam. Is found to be very useful tree in tropical countries. All parts of the tree are used in different healing procedures for different diseases. The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera (lam) seed against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in this study. The maceration method was used to extract the plant seed material. Phytochemical analyses of the seeds in ethanol solvents were also performed. The antibacterial effect of the extracts on the test organisms was evaluated using the agar-well diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the seed crude extract were evaluated to determine the static and cidal effect of the seed extract against the test bacteria. The results showed that the extract contained steroids, terpenoids, phenol, alkaloids, and tannins but no saponins, flavonoids, and anthraquinones. The antibacterial activity was exceptional against both bacteria with zones of inhibition of 17.33±0.58mm at 200 mg/ml, 16.33±0.34mm at 100 mg/ml, and 15.33±0.11mm at 50 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, and 13.67±0.21mm at 200mg/ml 12.67±0.22mm at 100mg/ml, 11.67±0.05mm at 50mg/ml for Streptococcus pneumoniae. Because Moringa oleifera seeds were found to have significant antibacterial activity against the microorganisms tested, the findings of this study support Moringa oleifera's traditional use and can be recommended for use as an antimicrobial agent.


SLAC physicists Johanna Nelson and Yijin Liu give a brief overview of the X-ray microscope at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that is helping improve rechargeable-battery technology by letting researchers peek into the inner workings of batteries as they operate.


With the maturity of Internet of things technology, massive data transmission has become the focus of research. In order to solve the problem of low speed of traditional hybrid data fast distribution algorithm for wireless sensor networks, a hybrid data fast distribution algorithm for wireless sensor networks based on visual Internet of things is designed. The logic structure of mixed data input gate in wireless sensor network is designed through the visual Internet of things. The objective function of fast distribution of mixed data in wireless sensor network is proposed. The number of copies of data to be distributed is dynamically calculated and the message deletion strategy is determined. Then the distribution parameters are calibrated, and the fitness ranking is performed according to the distribution quantity to complete the algorithm design. The experimental results show that the distribution rate of the designed algorithm is significantly higher than that of the control group, which can solve the problem of low speed of traditional data fast distribution algorithm.


The study of efficacy of thoracoscopy-assisted fluorescence diagnosis with Alasens is described in the article. The results of fluorescence diagnosis in 27 patients with suspicion on pleral tumor are represented. Before thoracoscopy-assisted fluorescence diagnosis in 21 patients according to radiological studies there was a fluid in pleural ca, in 19 patients of them tumor cells were found by cytological study of pleural fluid, in 10 patients differential diagnosis was performed between mesothelioma and adenogenic cancer. For fluorescence diagnosis fluorescence system by company Кarl Storz and xenon lamp with set of light filters was used: fluorescence study was performed by excitation at wavelength 380–460 nm. 3 h before investigation the patient received alasens per os in dose of 30 mg/kg body weight in 100 ml of water. For routine thoracoscopy tumor lesions were determined in 20 (87.0%) patients, other 3 (13.0%) patients had no tumors. In the group of patients with tumor lesions determined by routine thoracoscopy the fluorescence during fluorescence study was registered in all lesions determined in white light, besides this 24 additional foci of fluorescence were noticed, according to morphological study 21 of them had tumor nature, 3 lesions were inflammatory. In 1 of 3 patients with no lesion in white light there was one focus of fluorescence, morphological study proved the metastasis of adenocarcinoma in this area. According to morphological study of pleural biopsy specimens the true-positive results for fluorescence thoracoscopy accounted for 82, false-negative – 10, true-negative – 23, false-positive – 3. The sensitivity of the method was 89,1%, the specificity – 88,4%, the diagnostic accuracy – 88,9%.


Sometimes it doesn't take long to recognise your mistakes. Only 2 months ago in this space I argued (not for the first time) that, paradoxically, diversity is one of the features that defines the field of health professional education by making it difficult to define. In the weeks since that writing I came to realise I was wrong when I had a 'Eureka moment', spotting a common thread to all of the work conducted in our field, a strand that crosses boundaries of perspective, methodological preference and era. As evidence that it is not an easy commonality to identify, consider a mere sampling of the topics explored in our field: problem-based learning, validity, feedback, professionalism, integration, objective structured clinical examinations, self-assessment and longitudinal integrated clerkships. What do these things have in common? Relevant to health professional education? Too circular an argument. Easy to turn into an acronym? No, although newcomers to the field will attest that use of acronyms and jargon is a feature that binds us together. Typically studied using the same theories or methodologies? Absolutely not.


The X-ray structure of octakis(2,3,6-tri-O-ethyl)-γ-cyclodextrin (perethylated γ-cyclodextrin (CD)), isolated as a trihydrate, is reported. It crystallises in the monoclinic space group C2 with Z = 2. As a result of perethylation, the host molecule, located on a two-fold axis, adopts a conformation that differs from those of permethylated and peracetylated γ-CDs, being divided into two identical halves connected at kink sites. A particular feature of the kink sites is their stabilisation via hydrogen bonding with included water molecules. Significant 'self-inclusion' of two fully extended –CH2OCH2CH3 chains from the primary sides of two diad-related glucose residues occurs, leading to considerable steric congestion in the CD cavity.


Objective To explore the reasons of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Methods 238 cases of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding were retrospectively analysed. Results Of all the reasons, uterine benign lesions accounted for 83.19%, and uterine malignant tumor accounted for 16.81%. Patients with different menopause period had different incidence of malignancy, with statistically significant difference(P 0.01). Conclusion Uterine benign lesion is the main reason for postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Patients with older age, or a long time of menopause should timely receive reasonable detection, which can improve the rate of diagnosis and treatment.


Soyabean Protein Fibre (SPF) is considered to be important regenerated protein fibre for various applications in textiles because of its unique properties. However the lack of antibacterial properties of such protein containing polymers is held as a severe limitation for its applications in hygienic textiles and the need to make it antibacterial is quite intense. A lot of marigold (which is antibacterial), used in Idol worship forms a temple waste and there is tremendous potential to use this waste as a good source of natural dye. In the current study, the tannin mordants were extracted from tamarind seed coats, amla (Indian gooseberry) and harda (Myrobalan fruits) and their application in natural dyeing using temple waste marigold as a dye was carried out. Marigold dyeing using most commonly found alum mordant was also carried out for comparison of the purpose. The dyed SPF fabrics were then evaluated for colour values, fastness properties, antibacterial activities as well as durability of the same. The results clearly indicated the advantages of using such mordants both in case of achieving antibacterial functionality as well as eco-friendliness.


tag=1 data=Advertisers get choosey about their audience. by Neil Shoebridge

tag=2 data=Shoebridge, Neil

tag=3 data=Business Review Weekly,

tag=6 data=19 April 1991

tag=7 data=130-134.

tag=8 data=ADVERTISING

tag=10 data=Mass-marketing remains advertising's bedrock, but there is a growing trend away from its expense and towards sending specific messages to defined groups of consumers.

tag=11 data=1991/3/6

tag=12 data=91/0527

tag=13 data=CAB


EVA/NBR/FR composites containing magnesium hydroxide(MH)and red phosphorus(RP)as flame retardants were prepared.Attapulgite(AT)was used to improve the mechanical properties,oil resistance,flammability,and thermal stability of the composites.It showed that upon introductiing 10phr AT,the tensile strength and elongation at break reached 10.4MPa and 627.1 %,respectively.The mass was increased only 3.4 % after oil immersed at 40 ℃ for 72hours;the limited oxygen index value reached 32.2,and UL 94level was improved from no rating to V-0;the residual char was increased from 29.3 % to 35.6 %in TG at 700 ℃.The morphology of cryogenically fractured surface before and after oil immersion were observed using SEM.It was found that the fractured surfaces became more compact after the addition of AT.


Abstract : This activity focused on the effect of density variation due to temperature/molecular weight difference and/or heat release in a reacting shear layer in two and three dimensional configurations. In the spatially growing 2D layer, results confirm mixing asymmetry due to density difference between the two streams. A light fast stream has a destabilization effect on the early stages of development; it promotes early roll-up; induces stronger winding inside the eddies, and initiates the pairing at earlier stages. However, the overall spatial growth rate of the layer increases as the density ratio becomes higher; bigger eddies are formed and pairing is completed faster. In 3D simulations, density difference continues to impart a convection velocity on the structures in the direction of heavy stream. That influences the evolution of the streamwise mixing modes and spanwise preferential entrainment is observed. 3D reacting shear layer simulations confirmed earlier 2D observations that although the reaction zone structure depends on the Damkohler number, product distribution is independent of the kinetic parameters and exhibit strong resemblance to the vorticity field. (JHD)


An actual route and terrain for a planetary rover can only be experienced while driving, but preplanning is invaluable to pre-determining route viability. Mission preplanning uses best prior data of terrain topology and lighting for this purpose. A prevailing technique is to compute magnitude of terrain slope at grid points by differentiating elevations of a digital elevation model. Mission planners then threshold on this slope map with a rover's pitch limit to determine whether a location is navigable or not. Traditional grid planning then ensues. This approach is highly restrictive since rovers can side slope on terrain that they cannot climb by direct ascent. All directions other than principal slope can be traversed with less pitch, but incurring some rover side slope. To address the limitation of preplanning on a criterion of maximum slope, this thesis explores planning with consideration of directionality of slope. It accounts for angle of attack at a location, not just amplitude of maximum terrain slope at the location. If a rover approaches a terrain coordinate at the direction of steepest ascent, the pitch required to traverse is the maximum slope of terrain. The planner implemented in this research accounts for the rover's direction of driving on terrain, not just magnitude of maximum terrain slope. Experiments of heading-specific slope planning involved simulated hill and crater terrain as well as lunar data of Nobile Crater. Waypoint destinations unobtainable with non-heading-specific slope planning were possible with heading-specific slope planning. In cases where both types of planning were successful, heading-specific slope planning resulted in a shorter or equal length routes. Polar navigation poses challenges for solar-powered rovers due to grazing incidences of light. Current planning thresholds on illumination levels of coordinates and binarizes them as lit or unlit. Unlit nodes are then pruned. However, shadow existence and location can't be precisely known due to illumination map uncertainties as well as shadow variance within map timescales. This research implements a distance from shadow constraint that buffers a lighting margin by specifying and computing a euclidean distance away from shadowed nodes. Experiments of distance from shadow restriction planning involved lunar data of Nobile Crater.


| The existence of doppler has always been an inconvenience for digital communications. Several schemes have been proposed to deal with the problem, often involving some kind of doppler tracking and/or compensation algorithm. All these schemes do, however, increase the complexity of the receiver. Furthermore, the need for exactness in the doppler tracking scheme adds an extra dimension to the space of potential failures. In this article, we will follow a di erent approach. By using time-frequency methods in the detection/decoding stage, we will be able to design receivers which are, in fact, doppler insensitive. The existence or non-existence of doppler e ect becomes irrelevant as far as the receiver performance


An (n, r)-arc is a set of n points of a projective plane such that some r, but no r + 1 of them, are collinear. The maximum size of an (n, r)-arc in PG(2, q) is denoted by m r (2, q). In this paper, a new (286, 16)-arc in PG(2,19), a new (341, 15)-arc, and a (388, 17)-arc in PG(2,25) are constructed, as well as a (394, 16)-arc, a (501, 20)-arc, and a (532, 21)-arc in PG(2,27). Tables with lower and upper bounds onm r (2, 25) andm r (2, 27) are presented as well. The results are obtained by nonexhaustive local computer search.


This thesis analyzes the means by which the corpus of St. Cyprian's works, one of the most eminent figure in Latin patristic literature, progressively incorporates a rich collection of spuria – thirty or so – from Antiquity to the XVIth century. This work seeks to provide an accurate description and to elaborate a typology of these texts. The process of the transmission of Cyprian's writing and internal criticism must be taken into account to evaluate the pseudepigraphs accordings to the genuine corpus. This study emphasizes the importance of a group of writings which survive only because they were copied at a very early stage and became fossilized in the corpus of Cyprian's works. In the second part of this thesis, we establish a revised text of two spurious treatises – the Ad Vigilium episcopum de Iudaica incredulitate and the De laude martyrii – followed by a traduction and a commentary.


The inner architecture and sequence configuration of the Paleogene in Baxian Sag are analyzed. Niudong fault and the related E-W zonation and S-N segmentation divide Baxian Sag into three structure-geomorphic units (the south, north and middle segment). The sequence configuration, development degree of provenance system, the depositional system and the genetic type of sand bodies, and the allocation type between the sand bodies and the structure-geomorphy of each segment are apparently different.


Background: Both integration and sealing over have been identified as global, clinically distinct coping styles with the psychotic illness and integration was found to be associated with a better outcome. We studied a series of potential correlates of these coping styles. Sampling and Methods: A total of 75 psychiatric patients in a recovery phase after a psychotic episode were studied. All patients filled out the Frankfurt Self-Concept Inventory and the Parental Bonding Instrument; the Integration/Sealing over Scale and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were completed by an investigator for all patients during a semistructured interview. Besides, some sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. Results: A relationship was found between the integrative coping style and absence of negative symptoms, housing with partner or alone indicating more social competence and a diagnosis of psychotic illness other than (paranoid) schizophrenia. Conclusions: As only 25% of the variance were explained, other – still unknown – factors are also of importance.


New computer graphic developments at Oak Ridge National Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) are being used to provide visualization of criticality safety models and calculational results as well as tools for criticality safety analysis input preparation. The purpose of this paper is to present the status of current development efforts to continue to enhance the SCALE (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluations) computer software system. Applications for criticality safety analysis in the areas of 3-D model visualization, input preparation and execution via a graphical user interface (GUI), and two-dimensional (2D) plotting of results are discussed. Introduction The SCALE (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluations) computer software system developed at Oak Ridge National Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is widely used and accepted around the world for criticality safety analyses. SCALE includes the well-known KENO V.a and KENOVI threedimensional (3-D) Monte Carlo criticality computer codes. The purpose of this paper is to present the status of current development efforts in the areas of 3-D model visualization, input preparation via a graphical user interface (GUI) design, and two-dimensional (2-D) plotting of results, to continue to enhance SCALE for criticality safety analysis. KENO3D Criticality safety analyses often require detailed modeling of complex geometries. Checking the accuracy of these models can be enhanced by effective visualization tools. To address this need, ORNL has recently developed a powerful state-of-the-art visualization tool called KENO3D. KENO3D enables KENO V.a and KENO VI users to interactively display their 3-D geometry models. The interactive options include Shaded or wireframe images Standard views, such as top view, side view, front view, and isometric (3-D) view Rotating the model Zooming in on selected locations Selecting parts of the model to display Editing colors and displaying legends Displaying properties of any unit in the model Creating cutaway views Removing units from the model Printing image or saving image to common graphics formats KENO3D reads existing CSAS/KENO V.a or CSAS6/KENO VI input files. It attempts to verify that the KENO geometry input conforms to the code input guidelines. KENO3D prints a warning message for illegal geometry input, and if possible, it displays the illegal KENO V.a geometry to facilitate debugging of the input. Problems with up to 120,000 KENO V.a bodies have been successfully tested and displayed. Display of a sample light water reactor (LWR) fuel assembly shipping container model is shown in Figure 1. KENO3D has several unique options that provide users with increased flexibility in visualizing portions of the model in greater detail. One option is an interactive block eraser. The user drags the eraser to the desired location by holding down the left mouse button, and then clicks on the eraser button to remove the part of the model under the eraser. Another option is referred to as "rebuild in window." With this option the user can draw a window around a portion of the model in the view. KENO3D will then reload the model, displaying only the portion that is in the window. This option is useful when displaying smaller parts of a complicated model. Figure 1. KENO3D sample LWR shipping container. Toolbars KENO3D has the look and feel of a typical PC Windows application. Toolbar buttons are included for all major menu options. A setup dialog allows the user to specify toolbars that should be displayed. The default is to display all toolbars. Toolbars can be "undocked" and placed anywhere on the desktop. Changes to toolbar settings and background colors can be made permanent or temporary. The toolbars and their functionality are described below.


One hundred crossbred pigs were employed in two trials to study the effects of various periods of copper supplementation of the diet at several levels to a maximum of 250 ppm on the performance of growing-finishing pigs, and the accumulation of copper in the liver. The presence of supplemental copper in the diet for any period or at any level did not significantly improve the growth rate of pigs. When included in the diet up to 23, 46, or 69 kg liveweight there was a trend to improved growth rate; however, when included in the diet until 92 kg, growth was depressed. This depression was significant (P < 0.05) only for the 250-ppm level in experiment 2. Removal of supplemental copper from the diet at 23, 46, or 69 kg liveweight depressed growth rate to 92 kg. The presence of supplemental copper in the diet at all levels studied significantly (P < 0.01) increased liver-copper concentration. Removal of copper from the diet at 23 or 46 kg liveweight reduced liver-copper concentration measured at 92 kg liveweig...


The researchers propose classification of educational barriers and difficulties in technology of independent work of students: cognitive, information, motivation and communication barriers. Particular attention is given to overcome cognitive barriers and difficulties in the development of general education skills


A realistic model for resonant two-photon ionization of an atom is developed which can be solved exactly to give the ionization probability as a function of time, photon intensity, and a few atomic parameters. The exact solutions are compared to various commonly used perturbation results in order to ascertain the regions of validity of the perturbation calculations. It is shown that there are combinations of the parameters for which ionization rates cannot accurately describe the correct results, and that one commonly used perturbation development is not generally applicable to resonant two-photon ionization. Extension of the model to $(n+m)$-photon ionization having an $m$-photon resonance is discussed. The model is applied to two- and three-photon ionization in Cs.


Water resources planning and management are generally based on precipitation data. In the Nile Basin, conventional rain gauges are normally sparse, and hence, satellite-based rainfall estimates have become vital for hydrometeorological studies in the basin. However, estimates from satellite rainfall products are prone to bias and need to be validated in this region. In this study, four widely used high-resolution products (TRMM-3B42-RT, PERSIANN-CCS, GSMAP, and CHIRPS-V2) were evaluated against monthly ground observations from 44 stations over the Upper Blue Nile Basin during the period (2003-2013). The evaluation process is based on several standard statistical criteria to assess the ability of both satellite products and bias correction methods to capture the rainfall characteristics of this area. The results show that rainfall estimates from CHIRPS have a more reliable agreement with ground measurements than other products, especially in the wet season. The findings demonstrate the importance of assessing and correcting the outputs of different satellite rainfall products to be used for various hydrological applications in the Nile Basin.


Abstract Bruijn's Brush-turkey (Aepypodius bruijnii), known only from the Indonesian island of Waigeo, has managed to remain almost entirely unknown for more than 120 years since its formal description in 1880. Its recent rediscovery in the field is reported in detail here. The distinctive phases through which the incubation mounds of this species pass are concisely described and illustrated for the first time. Field observations of live birds revealed that the supposedly diagnostic, long pendulous nape wattles described from specimens and traditionally attributed to the adult male are either inflated extensions of the nape shield exclusively associated with courtship display or are an artefact of specimen preparation. This observation is even more significant against the backdrop of the unresolved exact provenance of the historical Bruijn material, which is considered here to have been secured within the montane breeding zones of the species. Two different types of vocalisations directly associated with anxiety and distress are also reported. Finally, various aspects of this brush-turkey's behaviour, life history and social organisation are described, corroborating and adding considerable detail to previous assumptions founded on its generic affinities.


The main trends of tourist appeal development for the city of Taganrog are considered in the article. They provided brief characteristics of cultural and historical heritage objects and the available sights of the city. They provided a brief description of the main beaches located on the coast of the city of Taganrog. The study was conducted on the possibility of beach tourism development on the coast of the Taganrog Gulf of the Azov Sea. The result of the analysis is the formulation of recommendations in the article, the activities were determined that allow to increase the tourist attractiveness of the city, as well as to use its tourist potential fully and effectively.


Objective To evaluate the influence of food supplements with fatty acid omega 3 on the remission of a neurogenic inflammation denoted as centrally mediated chronic myalgia. Methodswere selected between the ages of 19 and 42, divided into the Experimental Group (n = 12) and the Control Group (n = 12). The patients were evaluated for spontaneous and provoked pain, respectively, by means of a visual analog scale and palpation of the temporal and masseter muscles; they were also evaluated by means of pressure algometry in order to check muscular sensitivity. The data were recorded at T0 (start), T7 (seven days), T14 (fourteen days), T21 (21 days) and T28 (28 days) after the application of the methodology. The patients in the Experimental Group, simultaneously with the use of the neuromuscular myorelaxant splint, were supplied with 1 g of fish oil capsules, three times a day. The Control Group used only the neuromuscular myorelaxant. In order to monitor the omega 6 / omega 3 ratio, blood collections were performed in the Experimental Group, prior to therapy and again after using the supplement for 28 days. The analysis of the fatty acids was conducted using gas chromatography. Resultsresults demonstrated an improvement in pain in both groups, there being a significant statistical difference between them only for the evaluation via Pressure Algometry. The ingestion of omega 3 was effective for obtaining a better proportion of omega 6 and omega 3 and with the reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusionanti-inflammatory potential of fatty acid omega 3 and also the effectiveness with pain remission was confirmed. Indexing terms: Fatty acids. Pain. Supplementary feeding.


1. INTRODUCTIONAre there categories of being, that is, robust metaphysical categories of the way things are fundamentally? Metaphysicians have advanced two central arguments in support of such ontological categories: indispensability and theoretical utility arguments. In this paper, we argue that neither is adequate to guarantee the existence of any such things. To give focus to the discussion, we critically examine Jonathan Lowe's four-category ontology (Lowe 2006). In contrast, we provide an alternative, no-category ontology: it dispenses with any fundamental categories of being, and provides a deflationary understanding of any categorization in terms of concepts. Concepts, we argue, as opposed to fundamental ontological categories, can always be revised, refined, and recast. The result is a distinctive deflationary, no-category ontology.2. ARGUMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF CATEGORIES (OF BEING)Ontological categories, or categories of being, are said by their proponents to capture the way things are rather than our representation of their ways of being. Following a long-standing tradition in metaphysics, metaphysical categories exhibit the deep ontological status of things. Two crucially different approaches to metaphysics are at stake. According to what can be called the ontology-first approach, metaphysics is characterized as the study of the fundamental features of reality. This is the earliest self-understanding of metaphysics, a tradition that can be traced back to Aristotle, and arguably the most significant as well. In contrast, there is what can be called the representation-first approach, according to which metaphysics is characterized as the study of representations of the fundamental (or, at least, central) features of reality. This approach, which is similarly part of a celebrated tradition, can be traced back to Kant. The focus of this approach is on the mechanisms of representation of the world, and their accompanying limitations. As a result, metaphysics is significantly more anthropocentric than the ontology-first would recognize, and the categories studied are ultimately categories of thought rather than of being. These are, of course, fundamentally different ways of characterizing metaphysics, and the corresponding status of categories.Jonathan Lowe offers a detailed defense of the ontology-first approach (Lowe [2006]; see, in particular, pp. 5-8). One of his goals is to argue that metaphysics, understood in terms of ontology-first, has made significant progress precisely by uncovering the proper ontological categories (in particular, the four-category ontology that Lowe favors).It is common in metaphysics (and elsewhere) to argue for a new ontology by relying on claims that the ontology is indispensable to either the workings of the world or to the construction of an adequate or ideal theory of the domain in question (Colyvan 2001), or else by relying merely upon the utility of constructing a theory in terms that range over the (kinds of) objects that are defended by that argument. The important feature of each form of inference is that either the facts of indispensability or the facts of utility are said to provide warrant for ontological commitment to what is indispensable or to what provides utility in theory construction.Indispensability considerations are deemed to warrant ontological commitments to objects that are indispensable for certain tasks: to explain a class of phenomena, to express certain notions, to characterize a given domain. If without the commitment to certain objects, one cannot carry out these explanatory, expressive, or characterization tasks, the objects are then indispensable for the theoretical tasks at hand. On this formulation, indispensability is a modal notion: it is not possible to implement the relevant theoretical tasks without being ontologically committed to the relevant objects. Thus understood, indispensability is a strong, metaphysically robust notion. …


Correction for 'Synthesis and up/down conversion luminescence properties of Na0.5R0.5MoO4:Ln3+ (R3+ = La, Gd), (Ln3+ = Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb/Er) thin phosphor films grown by pulsed laser deposition technique' by Rajagopalan Krishnan et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 64258–64266.


e15158 Background: PRCC accounts for 10-15% of all renal cancer. Historically metastatic disease is associated with a short median survival of 5.5 months. There are anecdotal accounts of activity with the use of agents targeting MTOR and some tyrosine kinase inhibitors that block vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) in patients with PRCC. The loss or silencing of Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene and subsequent increased expression of VEGF and its receptors is well established in the clear cell subtype but not in PRCC. However data exists for VHL independent pathways that lead to over expression of VEGF in PRCC. We initiated a phase II trial of bevacizumab alone in patients with advanced PRCC.

METHODS
Bevacizumab at a dose of 15 mg/kg IV was administered every three weeks to patients with metastatic or unresectable papillary renal cell carcinoma. Patients were required to have measureable disease, ECOG PS 0 or 1, and adequate organ function. Treatment was stopped for progression, toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. RECIST assessment was performed every 3 cycles. The primary end point was the proportion of patients free of progression at 12 months following initiation of bevacizumab. Sample size was based on intent-to-treat analysis, and was determined to be 41 patients for a study period of 2 years.

RESULTS
Five patients were accrued before the protocol closed due to slow accrual. Three patients had undergone a prior nephrectomy, one patient underwent resection of a liver metastasis. One patient had received prior temsirolimus. The progression free survival (PFS) for these patients were 25, 15, 11, 10, and 6 months for each patient. Bevacizumab was well tolerated with mainly grade 1-2 toxicities, such as hypertension, creatinine elevations and proteinuria. One patient whose PFS was 25 months experienced sudden death while on trial. An autopsy was not performed.

CONCLUSIONS
The optimal treatment for advanced PRCC is unknown. The PFS in our small series of patients treated with bevacizumab alone suggests activity with minimal toxicity. Further investigation in a multi-center study seems warranted.


In Australia, as with much of the world, landscape photography has played a significant role in raising awareness of human impact on the environment. For the most part, this awareness raises questions of conservation and preserving the natural world. Landscape photography commonly depicts environmental issues in one of two ways: the damaging effects of humanity's mastery over the environment; or the sublime wonder of nature. In effect, the messages sent by landscape photography are singular, describing either nature, or culture. However, with an intention to develop a more sustainable viewpoint concerning humanity's relationships with the environment, landscape photography could be used to provide a more complete depiction of bioregions, focussing on all the major landscapes of a particular region. Essentially this position is a call for focus on the nature and the culture within bioregions, the developed and undeveloped, the pristine and the ruined. This project conducts a photographic case study of the bioregion of the Northwest Cape of Western Australia, specifically the Cape Range sub-bioregion. The results portray comprehensive photographic exploration of the major landscapes of Cape Range subregion: from the national park and marine park tourist destinations; through the built landscapes of the town of Exmouth; to the military industrial wasteland of the Harold E. Holt communications base. It is the aim of this study to provide a more complete photographic picture of how local inhabitants interact with their bioregion. Simply, this Capturing the Cape: A Photographic Case Study of the Cape Range Bioregion of Northwest Australia. Research Exegesis David Jo Bradley 10024147 Page 4 of 78 project captures the influence people have on the Cape, and the influence landscape has on the local contemporary culture.


Objective:To investigate the expression of apoptotic inhibitive factor survivin in the tissue and serum of colorectal carcinoma and its relationship with the clinic pathological factors,and evaluate the significance of survivin in predicting the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.Methods:Survivin expressions in tumor tissue and serum of the 31 patients with colorectal carcinoma were detected by using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RQRT-PCR)technique,the adjacent normal tissues of same cases and 13 non-tumor colorectal neoplasms also been detected simultaneously.And the relationship among survivin with clinicopathological factors and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results: The expression of survivin mRNA was detected in a significantly greater proportion of colorectal carcinoma samples than that in adjacent normal colorectal tissues(P0.01).But there was no relationship between survivin mRNA expression in colorectal carcinomas and other clinicopathological factors such as age,sex,tumor size,lymph node metastasis and Dukes stage.But the survivin expression of the cases with lymph node and distant metastasis in serum was observed significantly higher than those without metastasis(P0.05).Conclusion:Survivin may play a pivotal role in the progression of colorectal tumor by inhibiting apoptosis of colorectal tumor cells and also may provide an important prognostic implication for colorectal carcinomas.


The epistemology is of an important position in Kant's critical philosophy and the subjective agency is,thus,the important part of it.Therefore,grasping the origin of theory and principle of the thought of Kant's subjective agency and understanding the historical devotion and significance will help to master accurately the real meaning ofKant's epistemology and to promote the development of epistemology.


Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of CD8α CD11c + dendritic cells (DC) on allergic asthma in schisto soma japonicum-infected mice.Methods:CD8α CD11c + DC from schistosoma japonicum-infected mice and naive were iso lated and purified using microbeads respectively.Twenty BALB/c mice were divided into four groups randomly.CD8α CD11c + DCs (5×10 5) from schistosoma japonicum-infected mice were injected into the tail vein of mice in group A.CD8α CD11c + DCs (5×10 5) of na ve were injected into the tail vein of mice in group B.Group C included simple allergic asthma rats.Rats in group D were given normal saline.One hour after injection,mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to induce asthma in groups A,B and C.After four weeks,all mice were killed,and left lungs were collected for histopathologica1 analy sis.Results:Pathology results showed that pulmonary inflammation diminished significantly in mice of group A.There were more severe lung infection in groups B and C.No lung infection was found in group D.Results of lung pathological score was significantly higher in group A than that of group D,but significantly lower than that of groups B and C (P 0.05 or P 0.01).There was no significant difference between group B and group C (P 0.05).Conclusion:CD8α CD11c + DC can significantly inhibit allergic asthma in schistosoma japonicum infected mice.


Objective:To assess serum levels of high-mobility group box-1 protein(HMGB1)in patients with heart failure(HF)complicated by sleep apnea syndrome(SAS). Methods:A total of 124 HF patients(62 SAS and 62 non-SAS patients)and 41 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of HMGB1,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP)and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)in parallel with left ventricular structure and function were examined. Logistic multivariable regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of HF concurrent SAS. Results:Serum levels of HMGB1,hsCRP and NT-proBNP were higher,and left atrial diameter,left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters were larger in HF patients than those in controls. Left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in HF patients than that in controls.Serum levels of HMGB1 and hsCRP were elevated especially in SAS patients with HF compared with non-SAS patients with HF. HMGB1 levels positively correlated with left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters,NTproBNP and hsCRP.Multivariable regression analysis revealed that HMGB1 was an independent risk factor in HF patients with SAS. Conclusion:Serum level of HMGB1 is significantly elevated in HF patients with SAS,and it is an independent risk factor of this disease.


Death and debilitating illness can have a significant impact on one's understanding of self, others, and society. When a counseling or clinical psychology graduate student experiences such hardships during the course of his or her clinical training, there can be several potential implications. The stressors of graduate school may exacerbate the emotional responses to an already painful situation. Additionally, clinical skill development can be negatively affected if the student has difficulty acknowledging how hardship influences his or her capacity to be an effective therapist. However, the same tribulations can also help new therapists to realize their inner strength, develop beneficial coping skills, and apply this knowledge when working with clients. Highlighted in this article are three cases of loss and hardship that underscore the importance of supportive clinical supervision, psychological hardiness, humor, and optimism during times of personal crises.


One kind of voltage and reactive power control AVQC art system and method based on dynamic reactive power generator, the system comprising: a dynamic reactive power generator, and a fixed voltage and reactive power controller automatic reactive power compensation circuit, a plurality of group dynamic reactive power generator are connected in parallel with a plurality of fixed reactive power compensation circuit is set to the system bus and an output port connected to a power transformer and continuous dynamic output capacitive reactive and inductive reactive power, voltage and reactive power controller automatically input terminals respectively connected to the user PT and CT user, the output terminal voltage and reactive power controllers are connected to an automatic dynamic reactive power generator, and is connected to a fixed reactive power compensation circuit and outputs a control command. The present invention improves the speed can be improved VQC voltage and reactive power control.


Appearing in the wake of World War II, with the publication in 1957 of On the Road by Jack Kerouac, followed 12 years later with the screening of Denis Hopper"s Easy Rider, the road novel and road movie constitute, we argue, two sides of what we call the road narrative. Faced with a lack of comprehensive studies embracing both sides concurrently, and with recurrent amalgams, we reflect on the components differentiating the road novel and road movie from other types of wandering stories. Such a project calls for the construction of an intermedial apparatus, enabling us to jointly encompass artworks belonging to different media formats. Consequently, we build on the concept of the chronotope, as developed by Bakhtin as a tool for literary criticism, and recently extended by scholars to cinematographic objects. We show how road novels and road movies emerge from the combination of two fundamental chronotopes: that of the road, exemplified by a postmodern universe dominated by motor vehicles and non-places, and that of the threshold, understood as the expression of a critical turn in one"s life. The noted presence of a parodic dimension in road narratives calls for the introduction of an additional bakhtinian concept: the carnivalesque, which, as we show, can be articulated in relation to the previously defined road and threshold chronotopes. For this chronotopical analysis, we selected artworks from the American, Quebecois and German repertoires, a choice justified by the numerous potential connections to be established between those three different cultures.


In the bizarre world of quantum optics, it's possible to make light that is darker than ordinary darkness, and other even stranger things.


An analysis of the Hall effect in the localised states below the mobility edge is proposed. This analysis, based on the microscopic mobility approach of Cohen and co-workers (1984), allows the authors to obtain a qualitatively good description of the Hall effect behaviour around the mobility edge.


By means of discourse-analytical desk review of qualitative sources, this article discusses the factors that have facilitated the prevalence of transnational organised crime in post-Soviet and former Yugoslav states together with the impacts and the factors that are affecting the effective prevention and control of transnational organized crime (TNOC) in post-Soviet and Yugoslav states. It examines the factors affecting the effective prevention and control of transnational organized crime (TNOC) in post-Soviet and Yugoslav states, and impacts, especially those connected to the globalization of the world economy; the increased mobility of people and services across transnational borders leading to the ethnicization of criminal activities and internationalization of organized crimes due to borderless illicit traffic. The paper argues that as a result of the combination of multiple factors, the prevailing rhetoric of TNOC in the former Yugoslav and Post-Soviet States is explained in terms of the profitability of TNOC economy for political elites, border police, smugglers and people living around the borders and the ability of organized criminal groups to supplant state institutions and its replacement it with private interests which has led to the institutionalization of criminality and the privatization of criminalization occasioned by breakdown of law and order and the corruption of the political elites. Finally, the paper concludes by nothing that the current manifestation of transnational organized criminal activities in former Soviet territories is a synthesis of political corruption and criminal syndication.


This paper introduces a conceptual and architectural framework for addressing the design, execution and verification of tasks by a crowd of performers. The proposed framework is substantiated by an ongoing application to a problem of trademark logo detection in video collections. Preliminary results show that the contribution of crowds can improve the recall of state-of-the-art traditional algorithms, with no loss in terms of precision. However, task-to-executor matching, as expected, has an important influence on the task performance.


Direction assumption. Let the direction of a minimal cycle MCi be defined as D(MCi) ∈ {0, 1}, i.e. 0=clockwise and 1= counter-clockwise. It induces an ordering of the segments in the minimal cycle relative to an intersection point P in the cycle such that ui > uj for any two segment ui and uj in the minimal cycle if ui appears later than uj when traversing the cycle starting from P in the direction D(MCi). Similarly an intersection point pi > pj if pi appears later than pj . Consider two minimal cycles MCi and MCj where at least one curve Un appears in both cycles. The segment of Un in MCi is un and the segment in MCj is un. Since a curve is continuous there is a path connecting un to un such that it only consists of Un. Let this path be V G(un) = V G(u ′ n) and the intersection point that this path intersects MCi be PP (un) and the point it intersects in MCj be PP (un). The other intersection points that define their respective segments is K(un) and K(un) respectively. We define that two minimal cycles are neighbors if they share at least one intersection point. Based on this, we have the following property (direction property): Let P = PP (un) and D(MCi) be the direction from PP (un) to K(un) through un. Then D(MCj) ̸= D(MCi) and there exists a path from K(un) to PP (un) entirely on two minimal cycles and following the direction of the minimal cycle it is in such that it does not intersect Un except at K(un) and PP (un). If MCi and MCj are not neighbors, then the path can teleport to MCj at any intersection point other than PP (un) or K(u ′ n). For minimal cycles with shared segments or no neighborhood at all, this means: ∃ (D(MCi), D(MCj)) | D(MCi) ̸= D(MCj) & ∀ PP (un) ∈ {Un ∩ MCi},∀K(un) ∈ {Un ∩MCi} ; PP (un)≶K(un) =⇒ PP (un)≶K(n). This means there exists a tuple of opposing directions such that for all the shared curves in both minimal cycles, if the port point of the curve in a cycle appears later/earlier than its corresponding non-port point, the same order has to be preserved in the other cycle. Note that, this holds for all reference points that the directions are defined on. Moreover, negation of both directions does not affect the condition. Therefore, for any arbitrarily assigned D(MCi), D(MCj) such that D(MCi) ̸= D(MCj) has to support this condition. In Fig 1 subfigure i-a, we focus on shared curve C1 in minimal cycles A and C. These minimal cycles are not neighbors. The port point of C1 in A, PP (c1), is the blue dot and the port point in C, PP (c1), is the red dot. Thus, the path should be from green dot , K(c1), to red dot, PP (c1). The path is shown with green arrows while the directions of the minimal cycles are shown by the black arrows surrounding the letters.


Abstract: The changes of elements carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus in malleable iron were statistically analyzed, which is important to guide the accurate control of malleable iron component and casting quality.


Objective: To optimize the extraction technology of flavonoids from Portulaca oleracea L.Methods: Optimize the extraction technology on indexes of quercetin,study the influence of reflux extraction and ultrasonic extraction on the extraction efficiency of flavonoids from Portulaca oleracea L.Results: The best method is reflux extraction and the optimal condition was as follows:The concentration of ethanol was 95%,the feed-liquid rate was 1:40,the extraction time was 1h,extraction times was 1 time;in this condition,the extraction rate of flavonoids was 0.76%.Conclusion: The method is feasible and can be used to extract the flavonoids from Portulaca oleracea L.


An LC filter rectifier with a diode bridge is widely used in an inductive power transfer (IPT) system. However, when the load resistance reduces, the rectifier input impedance becomes capacitive. In addition, the filtered inductor is not infinite, and its harmonic currents cause the input impedance to be biased inductively. In order to solve the above two problems, a novel LC filter rectifier is proposed in this article, which achieves zero input impedance angle of the rectifier. First, the mechanism of the traditional LC rectifier filter is analyzed in detail, and an accurate circuit model is proposed. Then, an improved LC filter rectifier is analyzed and designed, and the input impedance angle of the rectifier is zero. Finally, a prototype with the load of 8–120 Ω is built, which verified the correctness and feasibility of the improved rectifier. Compared with the traditional rectifier, the efficiency of the IPT system with an improved rectifier is increased by 1.10%, and the output voltage fluctuation is smaller.


This paper presents an integrated control algorithm based on the GPC,Smith predictive control,model free control and the multi-variable state feedback control.The application of the algorithm in the production process is also outlined.


The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) first Lagrangian experiment (Lagrangian 1) is here simulated with a modified version of the regional forecast model HIRLAM (High Resolution Limited Area Model). The main modification is that moist turbulent fluxes are accounted for in the model. Trajectory calculations show good agreement with earlier estimations. The initially rather shallow stratocumulus topped marine boundary layer is deepening along the trajectory, and in the end cumulus clouds are formed that penetrate the boundary‐layer top. The model predicts this change in cloudiness, but the boundary layer is too shallow in the model. A simulation with modified initial conditions shows improved results, but is still too slow in increasing the boundary‐layer depth. Additional factors that influence the boundary‐layer growth are: the increase in sea surface temperatures, lower modelled wind speeds, low entrainment rates due to coarse vertical resolution, and synoptic‐scale subsidence.


Breast cancer is the most dreadful disease in the world in past few decades. Many women in the world has been affected due to this horrible disease and died. Breast cancer occurs in breast cells, the fatty tissue or the fibrous connective tissue in the breast. Breast cancer is malignant tumors tend to become progressively worse leading to death. Factors such as age genetic mutations and a family's reordered history in breast cancer can increase the risk of breast cancer. Two types of tumors: Benign: this tumor type is not dangerous for a human body and rarely causes human death. Malignant: this tumor type is more dangerous and causes human death, it is called breast cancer. Machine learning was the boon technique in the fields of the medical industry. By the development of machine learning and data analytics a decision making tool can be made which helps in early detection and diagnosis of cancer tumor in women. This concept is to study and develop a decision based tool to eradicate breast cancer. The prediction system makes use of the ensemble algorithms to detect the cancer at earlier stage. It also differentiates the type of cancer from which the patient is being affected with effective accuracy.


Guiniess Northern Counties has obtained full planning permission and Conservation Area Consent for the redevelopment of a site on the eastern side of Lower Hillgate in Stockport. Development proposals allow for the demolition of an existing property and construction of 13 new flats with a roof terrace and office accommodation at ground and basement levels. The site lies on the south-estern fringe of the medieval core of Stockport, a short distance to the south-west of St Mary's Church and, until the early nineteenth century, on the principal route into Stockport from the south.


This report summarizes a project whose goal was to support R&D to develop an oil-seed crop that has the potential to reduce the feedstock cost of biodiesel to between 7 and 8 cents per pound of oil and expand supplies of biodiesel as demand for biodiesel grows. The key to this goal is that the non-oil fraction of the oil crop (the seed meal) must have a high value outside of the animal feed markets and produce oil that is not suitable for human consumption. To that end, a spring breeding program was developed to increase diversity of glucosinolate and the concentration of glucosinolates in the meal and to optimize the oil composition for biodiesel fuels. This report presents the research on the spring planted hybrids.


Selected Contents. Keynote paper. Plenary papers. Energy management. Pebble bed modular reactor. Power systems. Intelligent transportation systems - a reality. European experiences in its applications. Vehicle identification technologies. Technology transfer in developing countries. Education. Water systems. Telecommunications: system implementation. Telecommunications: system design. Applications. Measurement and control.


Objective To study the expression of human papillomavirus 16/18E6( HPV16/18E6),p53 and EZH2 protein in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma( LSCC),and discuss the correlation among them. Methods The expression of HPV16 /18E6,p53and EZH2 proteins were detected with En Vision immunohistochemical method in 113 cases of paraffin-embedded tissues including 78LSCC specimens,15 specimens of normal tissue adjacent to cancer and 20 specimens of vocal cord polyp. Their correlations with clinicopathological factors and the interrelation of the expression of HPV16 /18E6,p53 and EZH2 proteins in laryngeal cancer were analyzed. Results The positive expression rates of HPV16 /18E6,p53 and EZH2 protein in the LSCC group were 47. 4%( 37 /78),60. 3%( 47 /78) and 65. 4%( 51 /78) respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the other groups. The increasing expression of HPV16 /18E6 and EZH2 in LSCC was associated with T stage,while p53 and HPV16 /18 expression was positively related to lymph node metastases. Additionally,the positive rates of p53 protein in LSCC increased significantly with the increase of histopathological grades. The positive expression of p53 and EZH2 was consistent( kappa = 0. 451,P 0. 05). Conclusion Overexpression of HPV16 /18E6,p53 and EZH2 proteins in LSCC contributes to the genesis and development of tumor. Increased expression of EZH2 protein in LSCC may be partly induced by p53 protein inactivation which promote tumor growth and progression.


The general principles for constructing workload models are reviewed. The differences between static and dynamic workload models are introduced and the importance of the classification phase for the implementation of both types of workload models is pointed out. All the operations required for constructing static workload models have been connected in a package. Its main properties and fields of application are presented. The results of an experimental study performed with the package on a batch and interactive workload show its ease of use and the accuracy of the model obtained.


The main goal of the present study is to analyze selected excerpts from Menasseh ben Israel's Thesouro dos Dinim in order to extract his personal approach regarding former conversos who joined the Amsterdam Jewish community, as well as those who remained in the Lands of Idolatry.1 In order to understand the relevant background, the paper will include a brief description of the genre, that is to say, the halakhic manuals in Spanish and Portuguese published during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It will also present a concise account of the changes in the halakhic status of the former conversos until the time of Menasseh ben Israel. colleagues.


We develop and analyze a model for a deep-subwavelength direction-of-arrival (DoA) sensor with enhanced performance and sensitivity, by incorporating time-modulation into the sensing system. We formulate the problem, derive an analytical model and equivalent circuit models, discuss the physical mechanisms responsible for the enhancement. We show that time-modulation enables a new degree of control over the operation frequency, and that incorporating the currents from higher generated harmonics into the sensing scheme allows us to extract more accurate information about the impinging wave.


The homology based 3-Dimensioanl structure prediction of family 39 glycoside hydrolase (CtGH39) from Clostridium thermocellum was carried out using bioinformatics tools. The Ctgh39 gene from Clostridium thermocellum is 1170 base pair sequence. The CtGH39 sequence on PSI-BLAST analysis for homology search revealed 54 hits and out which a few had significant E score (E <0.005) and better sequence similarity. The phylogenetic tree showed that CtGH39 evolved from dockerin type cellulosome enzyme from Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 and its closest neighbour is a hypothetical protein from Thermotoga petrophila. Multiple sequence alignment analysis of CtGH39 using MultAlin and HHpred showed above 90% similarities with protein sequences of Thermotoga petriphila (Hypothetical protein), Geobacillus stereothermophilus (1w91; 99.5%; E score=1.2 E-11), Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum (1uhv; 99.4%; E score=2.9 E-11) and Bacillus stereothermophilus (1qw9; 98.5%; E score=4.9 E-6) from the PDB database. The secondary structure of CtGH39 using PSIPRED VIEW revealed many helices, strands and coils in the protein structure. The tertiary structure prediction of CtGH39 by MODELLER 8v2 showed a (s/a)8 fold. The program VERIFY 3D assessed the quality of the predicted structure of CtGH39 with acceptable scores. Ramachandran plot revealed that the structure of CtGH39 contains many segments of helix and further showed a tight grouping of phi (φ), psi (ψ) angles around -50, -50. There were 22 residues in 310 helical regions and 188 residues in beta sheets. The number of residues in alpha helix is 156 which are close to φ ~ -50 and ψ ~ -50 and these residues are clustered together. The Ramachandran plot for CtGH39 using RAMPAGE software showed that among 390 residues, 352 (90.7%) were in favoured region, 26 (6.7%) were in allowed region and 10 (2.6%) were in disallowed region elucidating the acceptability of the predicted model. All the results converged to the fact that the predicted 3-Dimensional structure of CtGH39 is of good quality with acceptable scores.


A new type of chain extender for amide, named diacetyl ethylenediamine (DAED), was synthesized using microwave heating-induced reaction. Aromatic polyureas were synthesized through the reaction of 4,4'-diphenymethane diisocyanate with ethylenediamine (EDA) and DAED, respectively. The reaction rate was much lower when using DAED as chain extender than that of using EDA as chain extender. All these results indicate that DAED is an effective chain extender for preparation of spray polyurea system.


A conference paper on sustainable management of the commonly shared environmental resources. Paper prepared for the conference on "Land Policy in Zimbabwe after Lancaster," 13-15 February, 1990.


Modern medicine as a subject of international tourism. Conceptual approaches to the definition and descriptionof medical tourism were analyzed. International experience in rendering services of medical tourism, its rapidgrowth in such countries as the USA, Germany Israel and India was studied. A range of serviced rendered byforeign medical institutions was described. Prospects of medical tourism in today's Russia was considered.Social role of travel agencies in development of medical tourism was described. Social risks were revealed anddescribed and recommendations to develop medical tourism were suggested.


The invention provides a method for controlling a smart TV terminal through a mobile terminal. The method includes the steps that a key of physical keys of the mobile terminal is started by the mobile terminal so as to monitor and process a service program; the key monitors and processes the service program so as to monitor key events of the physical keys; when the key events of the physical keys are monitored, event message data generated by the key events are captured; the event message data are converted into a standard control message by the mobile terminal; the standard control message is sent to the smart TV terminal through a transmission channel so that the smart TV terminal can trigger the corresponding events according to the standard control message. Due to the method for controlling the smart TV terminal through the mobile terminal and the relevant terminals, the smart TV terminal can be controlled by the mobile terminal more easily and conveniently.


Due to various shortcomings of OFDM, like it is sensitive to Doppler shift, frequency synchronization problems, loss of efficiency caused by cyclic guard interval, it was endorsed to use coding algorithms like STBC which improves efficiency. Another way of increasing the efficiency is using a multiple – access technique like SC-FDMA. SC-FDMA can be described as linearly Pre-Coded OFDMA scheme, as it has an additional DFT Processing Step prefacing the ordinary OFDMA processing. In this paper, Almouti based SC-FDMA is proposed to enhance the system's BER performance and hence improve efficiency. To use the scheme efficiently, it is trained in time domain by appending the training sequence. Thus PN codes are combined with the Almouti based SC-FDMA, as they have less error probability and noise, to augment system's BER performance. The performance of the proposed system is compared with STBC-based TFT-OFDM.


Cultivation of glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans has increased in Brazil as a result of the application of this technology in weed management systems developed for this crop. However, the expansion of GR soybean production has significantly increased the use of glyphosate and, in some cases, resulted in injury symptoms observed in GR soybean, known as "yellow flashing" or yellowing of the upper leaves. Thus, two experiments were conducted in different years. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the influence of glyphosate on GR soybeans regarding the photosynthetic variables, nodule parameters, and shoot and root dry biomass by comparing cultivar BRS  242  GR without glyphosate and BRS 242 RR + glyphosate at 1.200  g  ha-1 at V4 growth stage, to the near isogenic non-GR parental line cv. Embrapa 58. The second experiment aimed to reassess the same parameters in GR soybeans at the V4 stage treated with glyphosate, plus the application of various amino acids, to evaluate the expected recovery of soybean growth under the exogenous use of supplemental amino acids. In general, the photosynthetic variables, nodulation parameters and shoot and root dry biomass were affected by glyphosate; however, the use of amino acids may be a strategy to prevent the undesirable effects of this herbicide on GR soybean


Abstract : This report describes a loading model for computation of the pressure distribution exerted on surfaces during bird and ice impacts. Bird and ice impacts are considered as fluid dynamic in nature and are modeled as fluid jets impinging on arbitrarily shaped three dimensional deformable surfaces. A quasi-steady, potential flow analysis is applied to the jet impact problem thereby reducing the impact problem to the problem of solving Laplace's equation. The surface singularity technique is used to solve Laplace's equation. A computer program for computing pressure distributions on both rotating and non-rotating turbine engine components is both rotating and non-rotating turbine engine components is described. A model for treating slicing of birds and ice by rotating blades is incorporated into this computer program. The loading model computer program is specifically developed to be interfaced with finite-element structural analysis computer programs. Given the instantaneous impacted surface shape and displacement velocity the loading model computer program computes the pressure distribution existing on the impacted surface. The shape of the impact surface is fed to the loading model in the loading model in the form of finite element surface nodal computer program constructs a system of quadrilateral elements covering the impacted surface. The shape of the impact surface is fed to the loading model in the form of finite element surface nodal point coordinates. From this information, the loading model computer program constructs a system of quadrilateral elements covering the impacted surface.


Two hundred forty nine Pseudomonas isolates were collected from different geographical sites in Egypt. They were examined for resistance against ten heavy metals and five antibiotics. Plasmid profiles were also studied. Eight P. aeruginosa and two P. fluorescence strains were selected for further studies. They were resistant to seven to nine heavy metals and four to five antibiotics. The ten strains contain two small plasmids, but have up to five large plasmids. Plasmid curing indicated that resistant to each of cadmium, cobalt, silver, chromium, mercury, nickel or zinc is plasmid borne. It also showed that the resistance of both iron and lead are carried by the bacterial chromosome. Results also revealed that chromate resistance gene (s) were located on a large plasmid in P. aeruginosa24 strain. The resistance of all tested antibiotic was located in plasmids.


A DPF two-channel tail gas treatment device was designed in this paper basing on the DPF regeneration technology of marine diesel engine, and the regeneration characteristics of the ordinary electric heating and DOC-assisted DPF electric heating are compared. Furthermore, the power and the regeneration rate of the regeneration unit. The results demonstrate that the DOC-assisted two-channel electric heating energy DPF could effectively reduce the regenerative power, increase the regeneration rate, so it is suitable for application in marine diesel engines.


In turning hardened steel, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (cBN) compacts are widely used, due to their high hardness and high thermal conductivity. However, in milling hardened steel, fracture of cBN cutting tools readily occurs because they have poor fracture toughness. Therefore, coated cemented carbide tools, which have good fracture toughness and wear resistance, are generally and widely used. In this study, hardened steel (ASTM D2, JIS SKD11, 60HRC) was milled with three physical vapor deposition coated cemented carbide end mill cutters in order to determine effective tool materials for milling hardened steel. The coating films used were two types of aluminum/chromium/tungsten/silicon-based-coating films and (Ti,Al)N-coating film. The two types of aluminum/chromium/tungsten/silicon-based-coating films are a new type of coating film, and the Type I and Type II coating film was a two-layered and multi-layered structure, respectively. The following results were obtained: (1) In milling hardened steel at a cutting speed of 2.5 m/s, Type II coating film was the best coating material among the three types of coated film. Type I coating film was superior to (Ti,Al)N-coating film. (2) The critical scratch load of both Type I and Type II of over 130 N became larger than that of the (Ti,Al)N-coating film of 65 N. (3) The multi-layered structure is expected to improve the tool life.


This paper proposes a new approach to accurately estimate optical-flow for fully automated tracking of moving-objects within video streams. This approach consists of an occlusion-killer algorithm and template matching using segmented regions, which is performed by a skip-labeling algorithm. The skip-labeling algorithm can be used to segment an image into integrated regions of the same feature. The occlusion-killer algorithm is executed using the difference between the results of the forward and backward template matching in segmented frames. The occlusion-killer algorithm can be used to accurately estimate optical-flow in the neighboring regions of a moving-object on the background. A well-known optical-flow estimation algorithm for the block matching has problems of insufficient accuracy is limited due to block size, aperture, and occlusion. A new optical-flow estimation algorithm provides the solutions to these problems. Experiments are carried out to approve this new optical-flow estimation method can be applied to the objects of nonlinear movement.


We construct a supersymmetric formulation of three-dimensional linearized new massive gravity without introducing higher derivatives. Instead, we introduce supersymmetrically a set of bosonic and fermionic auxiliary fields which, upon elimination by their equations of motion, introduce fourth-order derivative terms for the metric and third-order derivative terms for the gravitino. Our construction requires an off-shell formulation of the three-dimensional supersymmetric massive Fierz–Pauli theory. We discuss the nonlinear extension of our results.


A variety of 2-substituted perhydrofurofurans (V), (VI)/(VII), (XI) and (XII)/(XIII) is prepared by a reaction sequence consisting of Lewis acid-mediated carbonyl-ene reaction, silyloxy deprotection and Wacker-type intramolecular acetalization reaction.


We report a facile method to fabricate novel Ag nanoparticle decorated TiO2 nanorod array substrates using a glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique for photocatalysis and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. The silver nanoparticles on the TiO2 nanorods enhances the Raman signal of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) dye with an enhancement factor ∼105. The photocatalytic degradation of Rh6G molecules present on Ag nanoparticle decorated TiO2 nanorods (Ag–TiO2) was also studied. The intensity of the Rh6G peak at 611 cm−1 decreases considerably (∼99%) after UV irradiation for 90 minutes. The change in SERS enhancement with time during ultra-violet (UV) light irradiation was used to track the photocatalytic degradation of the dye present on the Ag–TiO2 nanorods. The Ag–TiO2 SERS substrates can be recovered after 150 min in the presence of UV light illumination. The as-prepared Ag–TiO2 nanorods could be self-regenerated, fully recovered, and recycled after their use in the SERS analysis because of the self-cleaning property of TiO2 under simple UV light irradiation. This excellent SERS enhancement may be attributed to the formation of high density hotspots on top of the TiO2 nanorods which is supported by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations.