This paper seeks to study the theory of 'asabiyyah by Ibn Khaldun, a well-known North African historiographer from 14th century. It examines Ibn Khaldun's original thoughts on 'asabiyyah and how he did retool it for the beneficial purposes. At the same time, the paper tries to compare the term of 'asabiyyah as proposed by Ibn Khaldun with the interpretation made by the West in the current world. This study also will give some inputs on the implementation of Ibn Khaldun's theory of 'asabiyyah, and it will expose how the theory could benefit the Muslim civilization to soar as a great nation. The descriptive method has been used in this study to present the right information about Ibn Khaldun and his theory. It is hoped that this study could enhance our understanding on the term of 'asabiyyah in its positive connotation, as the term has been recognized negatively among people today


Recalling the proprieties of the Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov (KZK) equation, we prove the controllability of moments result for the linear part of the KZK equation and its non-linear perturbation.


Use of synthetic inputs like Chemical fertilizer, pesticide, growth regulators etc. is prohibited rather production process will relies mainly on organic sources to maintain soil health, plant nutrients and minimize insects, weeds and other pests. Rice produced in West Bengal are mainly three types; Aus, Amon and Boro. Amon which is cultivated in Rainy season does not require excessive use of chemical ingredients. But Boro rice cultivation which also known as high yielding cropping is highly associated with synthetic inputs available in the market. It has found that productivity of Amon rice has been decreasing gradually after cultivating Boro rice on the same land. After investigation the land by the Agriculture Department it has noticed that health of soil has been deteriorated for Boro rice cultivation and natural productivity of soil has been decreasing slowly. As Amon rice is adequate for survival most of the farmers are not interested to cultivate Boro rice. After farming this particular crop productivity of other crops along with Amon rice has also decreased.


Education system in Afghanistan has been designed in a way that doesn't suit the Kuchi life style. This is one of the reasons, as found by the study too that Kuchi children to a large extent are de ...


A three-tube pitching probe is proposed for the measurement of mean velocity, flow direction and total pressure in approximately two-dimensional, laminar or turbulent separated flows. An asymmetric arrangement of chamfered tubes flanking a central total-head tube results in a transverse dimension sufficiently small for measurements across thin shear layers or for measurements near a separation point. The probe is readily aligned in the flow direction by a pitching apparatus utilizing a modified parallelogram mechanism. Initial development, probe performance and typical measurements are described.


A nonlinear aspect of the acousto-optic interaction that is analogous to multi-photon absorption is discussed. An experiment is described in which the second-order acousto-optically scattered intensity is measured and found to scale with the square of the acoustic intensity. This experiment using a commercially available acousto-optic modulator is a suitable example of nonlinear response for undergraduate practical work.


Blog/news search engines are very important channels to reach information about the real-time happenings. In this paper, we study the popular queries collected over one year period and compare their search results returned by a blog search engine (i.e., Technorati) and a news search engine (i.e., Google News). We observed that the numbers of hits returned by the two search engines for the same set of queries were highly correlated, suggesting that blogs often provide commentary to current events reported in news. As many popular queries are related to some events, we further observed a high cohesiveness among the returned search results for these queries.


Abstract:The optimal approach of provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) for inpatients in high-burden settings is unknown. We prospectively evaluated the implementation of task shifting from clinician-referral to counselor-initiated PITC on the medical wards of Kamuzu Central Hospital, Malawi. Most of patients (1905/3154, 60.4%) had an unknown admission HIV status. Counselors offered testing to 66.6% (1268/1905). HIV prevalence was 39.3%. Counselor-initiated PITC significantly increased HIV testing by 79% (643/2957 vs. 1228/3154), resulting in an almost 2-fold increase in patients with known HIV status (2447/3154 vs. 1249/3154) (both P < 0.0001), with 18.4% of those tested receiving a new diagnosis of HIV.


Crushed stones were used as furrowed subgrade in recent project. Triaxial shear tests were carried out on selected crushed stone with the gradation of 20 mm to 40 mm. The dry densities of specimens were controlled to be 1.450 g/cm3, 1.600 g/cm3 and 1.721 g/cm3, respectively. Test results show that the constitutive relationship conforms to hyperbola, which can be simulated by Duncan-Chang model. At lower stress level, the crushed stones show slight dilatancy, while at the higher stress level, the crushed stones show shear shrinkage. The shear strength is nonlinear with an interlocking force between aggregates. A linear relation is proposed to describe the variation of angel of internal friction.


Patients with hypopharyngeal cancer have a 5‐year survival of only 15% to 30%. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a risk factor and a favorable prognostic factor for oropharyngeal carcinoma and p16 has been suggested as a surrogate marker for HPV‐induced cancer. However, few studies have been performed on HPV and p16 in hypopharyngeal cancer.


Hegel reads the poet Novalis as an expression of terminal irony, a pathological case of Gemüt, where the conscious mind is alienated from reality and turns its negativity inwards on the contents of its own natural soul. The condition of self-feeling, presented in Hegel's "Anthropology", is a self-consumption that manifests itself somatically in the physical disease (consumption) from which Novalis dies. The poet's literary production represents a pathological fixation that impedes the dynamic organicity of Hegelian Science. As such, Novalis's mental illness and death constitute an expression of romantic irony and an ongoing threat to Hegel's philosophy. Hegel's critique of Early German Romanticism has repercussions that resonate to the very core of his work. In the Phenomenology of Spirit , Friedrich Schlegel, Schleiermacher and Novalis, all of whom collaborated on the review Athenäum , in Jena, from 1798 to 1800, haunt (anonymously) such pivotal figures of moral consciousness as the beautiful soul, unhappy consciousness, hypocrisy and evil. 1 The tone of this criticism in no way abates with age. On the contrary, its polemical nature becomes increasingly obvious in Hegel's later (Berlin) writings and lectures, more than twenty years after the Early Romantic movement's demise. The principal reason for this, I believe, is that Hegel came to see the notion of romantic irony, primarily developed by Friedrich Schlegel but reflected through the "Symphilosophie" 2 of the Jena group, as a lasting threat to "Science", a subjectivist assault on the systematic articulation of scientific truth. In works dealing with Hegel's critique of romantic irony, his negative take on arbitrary, individual subjectivity is usually stressed. 3 Indeed, as an expression of particular subjectivity, irony remains fixed in self-certainty. Consequently, to fully grasp its threat, irony must also be seen as an insult to what Hegel considers as true objectivity, i.e. spirit in its various forms: of course the organic state as an expression of concrete freedom but more crucially still, the forms of


These factors together make gastric neoplasia theoretically suitable for screening as well as for surveillance of early lesions. There are, however, a number of hurdles to conquer for optimal benefit of screening and surveillance. These include improved diagnosis. In Western countries, there has been a lot of emphasis on endoscopic recognition of early lesions of the oesophagus and colon, but we continue to miss approximately 12% of early cancers of the stomach despite use of the same equipment. This requires more appropriate training and quality measures. Furthermore, as atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are common conditions, we need appropriate tools to select those subjects who may benefit most from surveillance and early intervention. The international guidelines on management of premalignant gastric lesions recommend using the OLGA or OLGIM classification for that purpose. We need further studies to identify the actual progression rates of different degrees of atrophy and metaplasia in various populations. A recent study in this journal provided such information. It was a retrospective study from Thailand on 91 patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia. One of 81 patients with complete IM progressed to highgrade dysplasia; 5 of 10 with incomplete IM progressed to dysplasia or cancer. The main factors associated with progression were male sex and incomplete IM, but not OLGA/OLGIM stage. This important observation is in line with a recent study from Spain that followed 649 patients with premalignant gastric lesions for a mean of 12 years. In total, 24 (3.7%) patients developed gastric cancer, a rate similar to other studies. In comparison with complete IM, incomplete IM was associated with a hazard ratio of 2.75 (95% confidence interval: 1.066.26) for progression to cancer. These studies provide valuable additions to the existing literature, and ask for expansion with data from other countries. Together, these will allow us in the near future to update guidelines and improve the management of patients at risk of an invasive cancer with poor prognosis.


The object of this note is to study the regular coverings of the closed orientable surface of genus 2. Let the closed orientable surface Fh of genus h be a covering of F2 and let and f be the fundamental groups respectively. Then is a subgroup of f of index n = h − 1. A covering is called regular if is normal in f. Conversely, let be a normal subgroup of f of finite index. Then there is a uniquely determined regular covering Fh such that is the fundamental group of Fh. The covering Fh is an orientable surface. Since the index n of in f is supposed to be finite, Fh is closed, and its genus is given by n = h − 1. The fundamental group f can be defined by .


Although many coexisting disorders have been reported with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little reference has been made to the presence of psychotic symptoms. Psychotic symptoms are not included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV or International Classification of Diseases 10 diagnoses of PTSD. The hallucinations and delusions described here in two cases of PTSDwere accompa nied by psychotic symptoms. These symptoms clearly differ from flashbacks but have a strong symbolic relationship to the trauma, and they do not respond to antipsychotic drugs. The question is whether there are two separate diagnoses or if psychotic symptoms are an integral part of PTSD. More sys tematic studies are required to explore the possibility of changing the current classifications of PTSDto include a di agnosis of PTSDwith psychotic features.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to encourage a discourse aiming to better understand the "psycho-social situation" of many people – from a global perspective. The following "first hypotheses" are formulated; pointing to crucial "hidden agendas" which shall be "named" in order to focus attention towards these phenomena ("taming"). Design/methodology/approach – Following the news and the "official" comments in Europe and America allow – almost demand – the formulation of "suspicions" with regard to "silent" (unconscious) shifts in the "loud" societies. Findings – The present economic regime is broadening the division between rich and poor worldwide, as is known. However, there are also other, more hidden divisions emerging, especially between "official" (e.g. administration-announced) and "common" opinions and attitudes, despite a growing globalisation of information (access-wise and content-wise, not necessarily reaching out to all milieus). Research limitations/implications – Formulating hypotheses...


Blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus monthly samples were collected between 1998 and 2011 to determine morphometric relationships, maturity, growth rates, reproduction and spawning seasonality in north-east Atlantic waters (ICES area Xa2). A total of 2895 specimens were sampled, ranging from 98 to 542 mm in fork-length (LF). The morphometric relationships (length-length and length-weight) showed statistically significant differences between sexes. Ages were estimated by counting growth bands on otoliths and verified by marginal increment analysis, with specimens ranging from 0 to 18 years. The von Bertalanffy models used to estimate growth parameters for both observed and back-calculated length-at-age data gave good fits. The gonads were analysed macroscopically and the spawning season found to occur from December to May. The length at 50% maturity for females and males occurred at 277 mm LF (4.3 years) and 288 mm LF (5.1 years), respectively. The results provide important biological information for fisheries assessment of a species that plays an important key role in the surrounding ecosystem.


In the field of modern optical communication systems and photoelectric detection, new components with complex functions and excellent performance are urgently needed. In this paper, a graphene-based parity–time (PT) symmetry structure is proposed, which is achieved by preparing the graphene layer on the top of a PT-symmetry photonic crystal. The transfer matrix method was used to calculate the absorptance of graphene, and a unique amplified absorption effect was found. Meanwhile, the peak value and wavelength position of the absorption can be modulated via the applied electric field. The results show that by adjusting the negative square-wave electric field from −3.5 × 10−5 to −13.5 × 10−5 V/nm (or the positive square-wave electric field from 2 × 10−5 to 11 × 10−5 V/nm), the proposed structure can achieve in-phase (or out-phase) enhanced absorption for the communication wavelength 1550 nm, with the absorption of graphene from 17 to 28 dB (or 30 to 15 dB) corresponding to the square-wave modulation electric field change. The modulable absorption properties of graphene in the structure have potential in optoelectronic devices and optical communication systems.


The University of Wyoming has introduced a 2 contact hour undergraduate/graduate course entitled, "Communications Measurement Laboratory." This new course was designed to reinforce student knowledge of their course work in signals and systems, digital and analog communication systems, and digital signal processing. The primary course objectives were to familiarize students with vector signal analysis and develop a thorough understanding of I and Q-based demodulation techniques. This paper provides an overview of this course and describes student projects that utilize a vector signal analyzer (VSA) to detect, localize, and record decimated I and Q data as would be available at the output of an intermediate frequency (IF) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) stage of a software defined radio (SDR).


One new species belonging to the genera Rhynchonema of the family Xylidae is described from southeastern beach of Xiamen Island in Fujian. Rhynchonema xiamenensis sp. nov. resembles R.ornatum , but differs from it in feagures of the position and size of the amphids,in feagures of the appearance of gubernaculum and annulated cuticle of vulva region. There are some special characters: male's amphid is behind buccal cavity.The appearance of gubernaculum is unique.The cuticle of vulva region is annulated.There is no covering structure on the vulva.L ♀494~518,♂432~493;M ♀18.4~24,♂14.4~17.6;a ♀22~27,♂26~30;b ♀3.2~3.7,♂3.3~4.0;c ♀7.3~8.2,♂6.7~7.3;c′♀3.9~4.3,♂3.7~4.6;v 69.3~73.3.The length of spicule is 19.2.The type specimens are deposited in Parasitology Research Laboratory, Xiamen University .All measurements are given in micrometer unless otherwise stated .


Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common form of cancer and the third leading cancer killer for both genders in the United States (American Cancer Society, 2011). In 2011, the American Cancer Society estimates 141,210 new cases in the U.S. and 49,380 deaths due to CRC (American Cancer Society, 2011). Similarly, the World Health Organization estimates over 940,000 new cases occurring annually worldwide (World Health Organization, 2003), and nearly 610,000 died from CRC in 2008 (World Health Organization, 2011). Colorectal cancer is often found in people older than fifty, and its mortality rates are higher each year than HIV/AIDS and breast cancer combined (Colon Cancer Prevention Project, 2011). The age-specific colorectal cancer risk rises continuously with advancing age (National Cancer Institute, 2011). CRC is also one of the most preventable among cancers, studies show that regular screening could substantially reduce mortalities (Kronborg et al., 1996, Mandel et al., 1993, 1999). The reason is that colorectal cancer can take 5-15 years to develop, and screening exam, such as digital rectal exam (DRE), colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy (FSG) and faecal occult blood test (FOBT), can detect polyps before the cancer develops (Screen for Life: National Colorectal Cancer Action Campaign, 2009). The current guidelines in the U.S. for CRC include several options among men and women aged 50 and older at average risk (American Cancer Society, 2011). Many considerations are needed when following the guidelines, including risk factors, type of test, and test interval including flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, double-contrast barium enema, computed tomographic colonography, faecal occult blood test and stool DNA test (American Cancer Society, 2011). However, the acceptance of people about CRC screening has been low in the U.S. In most areas of the U.S., less than half of the population is in compliance with recommended CRC guidelines (American Cancer Society, 2011), and only one-third colorectal cancers are being diagnosed at an early and treatable stage, due to lack of screening or lack of disease symptoms (ARUP Laboratories, 2010). The purpose of colorectal cancer screening is to detect early stage of the disease before clinical symptoms take place. CRC has a 90% treatable rate when detected early, therefore


Human existence with aesthetic perception is an idealistic existence for humans. Literature is to unfold human existence with aesthetic perception by language or speech. Invention through discovery and vice versa give rise to human existence with aesthetic perception while the existence of Literature and human existence constitute each other. The concern over and the unfolding of this become the decisive factor of Literature and the resources of the significance of Literature. Only through overall human perspectives and paying attention to the inherent relationships between Literature and human existence with aesthetic perception is it possible to really recognize and understand the complete and rich significance of Literature and the inherent relationships of meanings of cognition, sentiment, intention and recreation of Literature on the basis of unification of aesthetic anthropology.


The system of higher education in Macedonia is undergoing the largest reform process since the mid-1940s. The context is rather turbulent. Fourteen years after Macedonia's separation from the Yugoslav Federation, this small country now deals with an unstable political situation (the Kosovo question) and awaits an answer from Brussels (expected in November 2005) as to whether it will be accepted as a candidate country to join the European Union [EU]. Macedonia is burdened with a heavy economic recession (unemployment approaches a staggering 40 percent), and is attempting to apply the Bologna Declaration recommendations to restructuring its higher education system, as it became one of the forty-three signatory countries in September 2003. All these elements are interdependent, as will be seen below.


In this paper, the process difference between Si photonics and Si CMOS is discussed. Firstly, the substrate of Si photonics and the issues about electronic-photonic integration are commented . Lithography, etching and hydrogen annealing are then discussed in detail. Line edge roughness is thought to be the original source of scattering loss of waveguide. Hydrogen annealing is effective to reduce the sidewall roughness but has the risky of changing the profile of waveguide. Ion implantation and metallization for active photonics components can be easily transferred from the CMOS process recipes. Ge photodetector fabrication is challenging though it shares the same epitaxy equipment with the CMOS platform. Finally, a whole Si photonics process flow including passive and active components based on our 200 mm CMOS platform is presented.


: Kuttanad silt is an important soil group, well known for its low shear strength and high compressibility. The typical Kuttanad soil consists primarily of silt and clay fractions. These soils are low strength soft clay or silt deposits and this study focuses on the influence of sustainable biopolymers on kuttanad silt. The natural water content of the soil here is very high and close to liquid limit. This paper discusses the stabilization of Kuttanad soil using biopolymer (Xanthan gum). A laboratory study was conducted on Kuttanad soil treated with Xanthan Gum, and variation in soil properties such as unconfined compressive strength and hydraulic conductivity was analysed. The biopolymer was added in different percentages so as to identify an optimum dosage.


The invention discloses a guide rail unloading device for a transverse slide carriage, which belongs to the field of machine tools. The guide rail unloading device is provided with a slide carriage and is characterized in that the upper plane of the transverse slide carriage is provided with an inclined hole of 75 degrees, and a retaining nut is connected thereon through screw threads; an inclined guide rail of 15 degrees is machined on a transverse beam and is embedded with a steel strip; a bearing support is arranged in the inclined hole of the slide carriage to play a role in guiding; the lower end of the slide carriage is provided with a self-aligning roller bearing through a pin shaft, and the self-aligning roller bearing rolls on the steel strip of the transverse beam; and a belleville spring piece is arranged between the upper end of the slide carriage and the retaining nut. The guide rail unloading device greatly reduces the pressure on a standard guide rail of the transverse rail, and reduces the gib abrasion between the transverse beam and the transverse slide carriage so that the transverse beam stress is distributed evenly to reduce the deformation of the transverse beam, and the motion form is changed from sliding into rolling to reduce the dragging force of the transverse slide carriage and finally improve the precision of a machine tool.


ALTHOUGH it has been stated that "the most malignant form of glioma (glioblastoma multiforme) is the rarest to invade and grow within the subarachnoid space,"l an increasing number of such cases are being recorded. The reasons for the alleged rarity of both intracranial meningeal spread a n d extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma multiforme need reappraisal a t this time in the light of new understanding of the factors influencing cytopathogenesis.


Cyclotron braid subgroups are defined in order to identify the topological origin of Laughlin correlations in 2D Hall systems. Flux-tubes and vortices for composite fermion constructions are explained in terms of unavoidably multilooped cyclotron braids. A link of braid picture with quasiclassical quantum dynamics is conjectured in order to support the phenomenological model of composite fermions with auxiliary fluxtubes, for Landau level fillings out of 1/p, p odd. The even denominator fractional lowest Landau level fillings, including Hall metal at n = 1/2, are also discussed in cyclotron braid terms. The topological arguments are utilized to explain novel experimentally observed features of the fractional quantum Hall state in graphene including the triggering role of carriers mobility for this collective state.


The article considers I. A. Ilyin's ideas about spirituality as the essence of patriotic self-consciousness. The conception is based on the understanding of spiritual as the fundamental value of a person and society, and patriotic self-consciousness as spiritual in its essence and something, which helps our society not to vanish in the global world and not to wallow in international contradictions. The author concludes that only serious work on the understanding of spirituality as a feeling of involvement in universal duty is capable of mobilizing the Russian society to find a way out of the crisis of patriotic self-consciousness.


In considering the development of scrub gumlands in Northland, it must be borne in mind that the term gumland covers a wide range of podsolised soil types derived from a variety of sedimentary soils, and if the presence of gum holes and a strongly leached soil allows land to be classed as gumland, the term could be extended to some mature soil types derived from volcanic dolerite. The vegetation on the gumlands is mainly manuka scrub, fern, and varieties of rushes and sedges. Frequent burning has prevented regeneration of other species


Wireless Capsule Endoscopy overcomes various limitations of ordinary endoscopy system including irritating wire and inability to diagnose complicated parts of intestine. Antenna is the main component that removes the hassle of wire. This paper represents the design and miniaturization of a patch antenna for capsule endoscopy with a resonance frequency in the MICS (402–405 MHz) band. The length and diameter of designed antenna are 28.47 mm and 12.45 mm respectively, resulting in a total volume of 4.493 cubic centimeters. The maximum specific absorption rate of this antenna is measured to be 0.0082 WIKg inside human phantom stomach.


Introduction: Outbreaks of mumps are known in places of high population density because of close contact. Studies on mumps outbreak in adults have rarely been documented in India, although globally an epidemiological shift is noticed in the disease from children to young adults because of vaccination against the disease in childhood. Materials and Methods: This outbreak investigation was conducted at a sailor training center of the Indian Navy. All cases of fever with parotitis, orchitis, or features suggestive of mumps were included in the study. The clinical, epidemiological, and demographic data of all the positive cases were analyzed using a standardized questionnaire and review of medical records. Results: A total of 58 cases reported over 3 months. Forty-two cases were from a single division and 13 cases from the same dormitory as the index case. Parotitis (89.7%) was the most common presentations, and orchitis (13.8%) was the most common complication. The attack rate (AR) within the division was 15.46%, with overall AR of 2.32%. The incidence was 23.2 per 1000 per year. Case fatality rate of the disease was nil. Recommendations: Surveillance, early diagnosis, and prompt isolation remain the key to prevent the transmission of illness during an outbreak. Other preventive measures include health education of recruits and their instructors.


As the new millennium dawns it is an appropriate time to reflect on the achievements of the first 44 years of Physics in Medicine and Biology . In volume 1, number 1, July 1956, Professor J E Roberts noted almost apologetically The appearance of a new journal is usually greeted with mixed feelings by scientific workers, a common response being that there are far too many journals already... and then proceeded to point out that one can only justify a new journal if there is a clearly defined gap in the literature which the new journal will serve. 44 years on PMB is one of the elder statesmen of the scientific literature, competing successfully with several other (younger) medical physics journals, not to mention specialist journals in allied fields. Essentially the fields which PMB was proposed to represent in 1956 have not changed, namely (a) studies of the physical properties and constitution of living matter at all levels of organization and (b) application of physics and the methods of physics to the elucidation of problems in medicine, biology and physiology. Curiously the actual emphasis in volume 1 was on the second of these two aims and so it has remained ever since. Other sister fields, for example, biophysics and radiation biology, and a range of corresponding journals, tend to deal with the properties of living tissue at the sub-microscopic level and PMB remains more comfortable with the microscopic and macroscopic as far as living matter is concerned. Professor Roberts ended his editorial cautiously with the statement: The success or otherwise of the project (PMB) will clearly depend largely on the support from all workers in the borderline fields of physics, medicine and biology in presenting original work of high quality and widest possible interest. There can be few people who would claim that the project has not been successful. It is of historical interest to list the nine Honorary Editors to date: 1956 - 1961 Professor J E Roberts, Middlesex Hospital, London 1961 - 1972 Professor J Rotblat,St Bartholomews Hospital, London 1973 - 1978 Professor H A B Simons, Royal Free Hospital, London 1979 - 1982 Mr J Clifton, University College Hospital, London 1983 - 1985 Professor R P Parker, University of Leeds, Leeds 1986 - 1987 Dr M J Day, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle 1988 - 1991 Professor S C Lillicrap, Royal United Hospital, Bath 1992 - 1995 Professor B L Diffey, Dryburn Hospital, Durham 1996 - 1999 Professor M O Leach, Royal Marsden Hospital, London. Medical physicists and those in allied fields owe much to these Honorary Editors for developing PMB into what it is today; a respected, scholarly and relevant journal. In taking up the helm over the next few years, I would like to thank Professor Leach and his Editorial Board, together with Dr Paul Craven and the production team, for maintaining the highest of editorial standards and to express the wish (intention) that these will be maintained. It is nevertheless in the nature of new editors to want to introduce new approaches or modify existing ones (even though the wise person knows that change so often only creates the illusion of progress). Not all will agree with the proposals which follow and I would welcome feedback in the form of letters to the editor (to be considered for publication or not as the writer wishes). The proposals are as follows: * Improve the readability of the journal by considering increasing the frequency of editorials, commentaries and technical reports and encouraging a more lively letters section. * Continue to seek ways to improve PMB's impact factor. While one can have reservations about the relationship of the impact factor of a journal to its scientific quality, nevertheless research audit puts great weight on the concept and we are obliged to take it seriously. * Seek ways to extend the role of the recently established International Advisory Board by, for example, inviting editorials covering specific regional or subject issues of relevance to our readership. * Encourage the continuing development of electronic publishing for which IOP Publishing is, appropriately, at the forefront. * Encourage more advertising. As well as bringing in revenue, this helps to promote the symbiotic relationship between the professional scientist and industry. * Re-examine the current size and format of the journal. * Continue to improve our service to authors and further reduce publication times. In putting forward the above proposals I must emphasize that any actual policy changes are the responsibility of the Editorial Board, and require the full support of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine and IOP Publishing. May this millennium be as interesting as the last ... but a little less tempestuous! Alun Beddoe Honorary Editor, 2000 -


The invention relates to a compressor oscillant.Le plate compressor comprises a shoe (13) interposed between a swash plate and a concave surface of a piston, the concave surface having a first and second spherical surfaces (12a, 12b) which are contiguous and offset from each other so as to form a gentle gradient extending along the concave surface. The shoe (13) has a spherical convex surface (13b) received in the concave surface. Said slope defined between the convex spherical surface (13b) and the first spherical surface (12a) a small space (21) wherein a lubricant fluid can be introduced.


Abstract This study explores the impact of a collectivist culture on the premiums of cross-border merger and acquisition (M&A). Using a sample of cross-border M&A transactions conducted by Chinese firms, this study empirically investigates the role of a tendency toward collectivism in the target firm's country in M&A pricing. The results show that collectivism in the target firm's country, measured as an institutional collectivist tendency and an in-group collectivist tendency, negatively correlates with M&A premiums, in both statistically and economically significant ways. A one-point increase in institutional collectivism and in in-group collectivism can reduce the M&A premium by around 30 and 20 percentage points, respectively, ceteris paribus. I draw from the empirical results the conclusion that national collectivism has a great impact on M&A premiums. This conclusion is significantly revealing about the cross-border M&A decisions of enterprises in emerging markets.


China's higher education is now experiencing an overall reform and a period of innovation with the rapid development of science and technology and a market-oriented and internationalized educational trend.However,the current educational system and pattern in China is not adaptive to the demand of times.One of the prominent problems is that moral education has been lagged behind.In view of the importance of student's quality,esp.of the political and ideological quality in the process of talent formation,the education of being comprehensive,diversified,democratic and innovative must integrate firmly with a socialized,personalized,normalized and solid moral education.


With this paper we present first results for encoding Lie transformations as computational graphs in Tensorflow that are used as layers in a neural network. By implementing a recursive differentiation scheme and employing Lie algebraic arguments we were able to reproduce the diagrams for well known lattice configurations. We track through simple optical lattices that are encountered as the main constituents of accelerators and demonstrate the flexibility and modularity our approach offers. The neural network can represent the optical lattice with predefined coefficients allowing for particle tracking for beam dynamics or can learn from experimental data to fine-tune beam optics. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION Machine learning and deep learning approaches have become essential tools for analyzing big and complex structures. Recently, an algorithm was proposed to enable particle tracking and beam optics tuning in accelerator machines [1, 2]. The results seem promising, but we find it cumbersome to pre-calculate the weight matrices that are then implemented in a neural network (NN) for forward propagation. We present a novel approach where we encode Lie transformations as computational graphs and thus obtain a natural structure for a NN. Each Lie transformation propagates a charged particle through an accelerator element and is represent by a NN layer what we denote as Lie layers. Our approach presents the benefit that we only need to create the computational graph comprised of Lie layers and the succeeding evaluation takes place in the optimized TensorFlow (TF) environment [3] with its Keras interface [4]. In addition, we are able to input generic Lie maps for machine elements and train the network by feeding it real data. This allows us to extract dominant non-linear contributions from an existing accelerator. LIE MAPS For simplicity we assume Hamiltonians with no explicit dependence on the independent variable. For phase space coordinates r ∈ R6 Hamilton's equations of motion are the first order coupled differential equations that give the evolution of a physical system by ¤ r = −J ∂H ∂r , (1) where J = ( 0 I −I 0 ) (2) is the symplectic matrix comprised of the 4 n × n blocks, I being the identity matrix. If we interpret the Poisson bracket as the symplectic 2-form in phase space, we can define the Lie operator as


We investigate a new research area: we are interested in the u ltimate t hermodynamic cost of computing from x to y. Other than its f undamental importance, such research has implications for future miniaturiaation of VLSI chips reducing the energy dissipation below IcT (thermal noise), and the similarity distance problem in pattern recognition.


The incumbent communications technology, dedicated short range communication (DSRC), was adopted by the Federal Communications Commission on December 17, 2003 establishing licensing and service rules for DSRC service in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in the 5.850-5.925 GHz band (5.9 GHz band). "The DSRC Service involves vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, helping to protect the safety of the traveling public. It can save lives by warning drivers of an impending dangerous condition or event in time to take corrective or evasive actions."1 This communication technology directly connects devices and has been developed over the course of the last 15 years2, resulting in several important international standards to ensure interoperability (i.e., the ability of equipment used on different vehicles and the infrastructure to operate in conjunction with each other).


Within a framework of politicized revitalization of culture, conceptions of "the real," of authenticity, are omnipresent in Vanuatu. Ancient ritual is reenacted in cultural festivals that take place in several locations throughout the archipelago in a context of cultural revival as well as tourism. Based on fieldwork in Vanuatu in 2008–2009, in this paper I discuss the encounter between the self-declared primitive and the tourist. In a bricolage of ritual that is put on, both the strange and the familiar intervene, in the form of cannibal—as well as paradise—imaginaries. In most islands, this results in different ways of knowing and different discourses, which in turn generate discussions among local people about what it means to revive culture. People negotiate notions of "the real," of the authenticity of their actions, and disagree about whether their culture is familiar or strange to themselves while at the same time offering it to outsiders.


Abstract Within the Environmental Kuznets Curve framework, we investigate whether the effect of institutions on environmental quality differs among the Western Balkans, the other European post-socialist states, and Western Europe. We estimate both direct and indirect effects of institutions on air pollution for each respective sub-sample and for the whole European region (45 countries during 1996-2014). The negative direct effect is greater for non-post-socialist states, compared to post-socialist ones. Regarding the indirect effect, improving the quality of economic institutions induces an increase in the scale of economic activity, leading to an increase in CO2 emissions per capita. Estimated elasticities of CO2 emissions with respect to institutions, for all sub-groups, uncover a total positive effect, which is larger for Central-eastern and South-eastern European states. Improving the quality of institutions should go hand in hand with stricter formation and implementation of policies designed to decouple economic growth from CO2 emissions.


?153)Sm-EDTMP (ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid),a promising therapeuticagent for pain dissemination of bone tumor,has been recently synthesized in our laboratory. Thispaper deals with its behavior in animals. Biodistribution studies on rats demonstrate that ̄(153)Sm-EDTMP has a high skeletal uptake(bonic peak value 63. 04%±8. 10%at 3h post-injec-tion),a long term retention in bone(over 4 days)but a much lower uptake of liver and othersoft-tissues. The blood clearance of  ̄(153)Sm-EDTMP iS faster than that of both  ̄(99)Tc ̄m-MDP(methylene diphosphonic acid ) and  ̄(99)Tc ̄m-PYP(pyrophosphonic acid),which have been widelyused as bone scaning agents in clinic.It's imaging in rabbits is execllent,comparing favorably withthat of  ̄(99)Tc ̄m-MDP. No toxicity is observed when  ̄(153)Sm-EDTMP is injected in mice with a dosageup to 11. 1 GBq/kg,60 times of that of a 50kg patient.The ratio of the lesion to the normal bonein mice is 12.4(ranging from 8. 6 to 15. 5). The above experimental results on animals providethe scientific basis for treating bone tumor in human beings with  ̄(153)Sm-EDTMP.


Planform geometry, spatial heterogeneity, and large wood abundance and distribution were characterized using combined remote imagery and field surveys along lengths of 20–28 km in four river corridors (channels and floodplains) in northwestern Montana. Study sites included four planform geometries: meandering, straight, braided, and multichannel. Planform spatial heterogeneity of channels and floodplains, such as proportion of the active channel in bars, sinuosity, braiding index, and the number of active channels, differs in relation to channel planform type. Braided and multichannel rivers have significantly greater spatial heterogeneity of channels and floodplains and store significantly greater volumes of wood in the channel. Wood is preferentially stored in jams, and jams are preferentially stored in shallow areas of the active channel (midchannel bars, inner bends, and secondary channels) and in abandoned channels on the floodplain. We interpret these results using a conceptual model in which boundary conditions create sufficient valley‐bottom width for the development of planform spatial heterogeneity, which then promotes storage of large wood. The results of this study can inform management that protects or restores spatial heterogeneity.


The minimum space standard for low cost landed house is 36 m² (SNI 03-1733-2004). The standard refered to the human need for fresh air used for indoor activities. The previous research based on antropometric and human activities in 2011 result in the basic room configuration and minimum space dimension for lowcost landed house. The minimum space dimension based on this previous research is 47.56 m² (11.89m² /person). Compared to the previous study, this research emphasized on space configuration to analysis the minimum space dimension. This paper investigated the minimum space dimension for low cost landed house in Indonesia. This paper simulated the space configuration based on basic room found in previous research to elaborate the most efficient design. The simulation found that the space dimension for low cost landed house is 32,01m²  – 36 m² .


The purposes of this study were to develop science education programs for changing students` science research ethical views, and to investigate the types and features of their views, and to examine their changes overtime. The subject of this study was one 6th grade class(41 students) at an elementary school located in Seoul. The scientific research ethical education programs developed in the study was applied through 8 lessons over 4 weeks. The results of this study show that 3 types of science research ethical views were appeared in elementary students participated in this study: `human·technology centered views`, `value·ecology centered views` and the mixed views. The numbers of students, who changed their views from typeⅠ or typeⅡto typeⅢ, were significantly increased. Students with typeⅢ appeared to actively involve in classroom activities aligned with science research ethical issues. The results imply that intended science ethical education program can affect students` ethical views on science. It is also important to aware that teacher`s effective assistance and help contribute to students` meaningful changes on their traditional scientific ethical views. Educational implications on science education are discussed.


Formula for the force field of Newtonian dynamical systems admitting the normal shift of hypersurfaces in Riemannian manifolds is considered. Problem of globalization for geometric structures associated with this formula is studied.


Sodium plays an essential role in health and in the production and palatability of foods, but the current recommendations of sodium intake have been exceeded in many countries. The reduction of its intake is necessary because of public health problems, such as hypertension.Many are the available techniques and studies already developed on sodium reduction in foods; however, a single and low cost method that does not modify the consumers' acceptance to different food products has not been identified. This paper presents a general perspective regarding the functions of sodium in health and foods, the current intake scenario and recommendations in Brazil and other countries, and also some aspects regarding consumer perception when sodium is reduced in different foods.


This publication is part of a series that aims to provide valuable resources, information, and support to family service professionals and Extension agents who support military families navigating the unique challenges and opportunities that come with a military lifestyle. Written by Kristen Jowers and Martie Gillen, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, July 2023.


The capability of enterprises sustainable development is the necessary elements for enterprises to achieve sustainable development. It's key to ascertain the elements and their relationship of the capability of sustainable development for enterprises. This paper analyzed the features of sustainable development enterprises, attributed the capability of enterprises sustainable development to six elements of the capability including innovation, controlling, culture, resources, competition and growth on the basis of inductive method, and established the structural model of the above six elements. The research results can play the mirror role of deepening the theory study of enterprises sustainable development.


PURPOSE: A communication apparatus, a communication method, a communication system, a program, and a storage medium are provided to reduce the labor and time required to notify the change in a user's E-mail address by automatically generating an E-mail for a change notification and automatically transmitting the E-mail to destinations, out of destinations registered in a telephone directory list when a user's E-mail address has changed. CONSTITUTION: A program that executes a procedure for a notification process for a user's telephone number and E-mail address through an automatic transmission of E-mail is stored in the ROM and is executed by the CPU. First, when the user's telephone number and e-mail address have/has changed, information on E-mail addresses only is extracted from the telephone directory list provided in the facsimile apparatus and is copied into a temporary storage buffer(S1). The user is prompted to select information to be transmitted by E-mail(S2). The user selects the transmission by E-mail of the user's telephone number only, E-mail address only, or both. An E-mail is automatically generated based on a suitable format for the transmission contents that was selected in stage S2 (S3). The E-mail is transmitted to the addresses that were copied into the temporary storage buffer(S4).


Objective To evaluate distribution and radiation absorbed dosage of 99mTc-C50 and 67Ga in various organs of human,and to analyze radiation safety of 99mTc-C50.Methods The mice were executed on the different time after 99mTc-C50 and 67Ga were injected into vein of the two groups of mice,then the radioactive counting of the mice organs were calculated.According to the data,the human organs absorbed dosage was derived by Dvalue software.Results The data of radiation absorbed dosage of 99mTc-C50 and 67Ga in human organs were acquired and preliminarily confirmed.Conclusion 99mTc-C50,which has the preferable vivo distribution and metabolism characteristics and low radiation absorbed dosage,is a sort of ideal agent for radioimmunoimaging of tumor.


Introduction Teaching programming is difficult. Much research from many different perspectives has been devoted to the topic during the past couple of decades, but there is still no consensus on what is the most effective way to teach programming (Vihavainen, Paksula, & Luukkainen, 2011). Most universities are still using a traditional format in the introductory programming courses. The traditional format consists of lectures, take home assignments, and perhaps also demo sessions where model solutions to the exercises are shown. One of the most challenging aspects of any information systems or computer science curriculum involves helping students learn the concepts of computer programming (Shehane & Sherman, 2014). This task involves many complexities, including skill development, different learning styles, helping students transition from a problem statement to algorithmic logic, developing programming code from that logic, debugging and resolving the program code, to produce a working program that meets the problem requirements. This learning process is even more challenging when students are also being introduced to a new programming language and development interface. Things can become a little bit more complicated when you have to teach object-oriented programming in a totally e-learning environment. This article analyses the students' behavior while interacting and using the object oriented programming discipline material available on the Moodle platform of the Open University (UAb) of Portugal, with the undergraduate students of the 1st cycle in the Computer Science degree. The UAb is a University that operates entirely on a distance learning environment. All teaching and learning activities were developed online (with an emphasis on asynchronous communication), and this discipline is taught in the first year of the undergraduate course (second semester). A relevant problem to be investigated is the cause for the high level of drop-outs and overall failure in learning. The numerical analysis of the data retrieved from the Moodle actions report helped the authors to identify some correlations between student's actions on the platform and their overall learning performance in the discipline. The goal is to verify if the actions rate per student (the student's interaction profile) has some correlation with success or failure. Despite recent advances of electronic technologies in e-learning, a consolidated evaluation methodology for e-learning applications is not available. Maybe the main cause for this is the complexity that the evaluation of an e-learning environment demands. Many different perspectives and, thus, dimensions in the analysis process can be considered, such as the quality of learning, teaching, learning environment, and interaction (Ardito et al., 2006). Each of these dimensions can be evaluated according to a group of pre-defined and chosen indicators. In the case of interaction, we may consider that the quality of students' interactions is one of the most relevant indicators of successful learning. This paper is organized in four main sections. The first will provide a short background of some relevant studies and work that has been being carried out to understand better the behavior of users' interactions in an e-learning environment, which served as an inspiration for this article. The second section will give a brief description of how the discipline is structured and presented to the student. The third section will describe the data that was used and the analysis carried out. The fourth section will list the main findings, followed by a section discussing the results and proposing some approaches to modify practice. Background E-Learning refers to the use of ICT to transform and support the learning process (Kahiigi, Ekenberg, & Hansson, 2007). E-Learning is defined as the acquisition and use of knowledge which is distributed and facilitated primarily by electronic means. …


This manuscript documents a new set of "radiative kernels," calculations of the sensitivity of radiative flux to atmospheric state, developed from a current-generation climate model with a domain reaching well into the stratosphere. The construction of the kernels was motivated by a desire to understand the fast response of stratospheric temperature to changes in carbon dioxide concentration and the authors demonstrate the value added by the new kernels. The construction of the kernels is described and their accuracy and generality assessed.


The concept of mind is not infrequently identified with the concept of consciousness or, on the contrary, the two are excessively contrasted with each other. Mind and consciousness are indissolubly connected and complementing one another factors of the living substance but the essence of one differs from that of the other. Consciousness is an ideal, and mind is a subjective (i.e. individualized) ways of the existence of living (i.e. biological and social) substance. Code and signal are the attributes of mind that carry out the enconding (storage) and decoding (transmission) of information. Efferentness and afferentness (i.e. inner and outward impulses) are the two sides of the main dialectical (i.e. motive) contradiction of mind. The structure of mind is three-dimensional: nuclear neutron, unconditioned reflex, and conditioned reflex.


This thesis discusses visual programming languages, representation of uncertainty in geographical data and a combination of genetic programming and optimization. A new visual programming language is described, based on a novel version of the dataflow paradigm. In this version, cyclic graphs are replaced with nested graphs, which also have other uses. Furthermore, the programs become more structured, readable and scalable. This language is then formally defined using a novel extension of plex grammars. Various representations of uncertainty in geographical data are discussed, including some novel ones based on rough sets. Various novel measures are developed, and used in two experiments that verify the usefulness of the representations chosen. Furthermore, a novel theory of topological relations between uncertain data is presented. A novel combination of genetic programming and optimization is presented. This has been implemented in a system that is in actual use. The system is described, as is the combination. An experiment has been done to test the performance of this combination, and in this experiment it performed better than plain genetic programming. ISBN 91-7283-242-8 • TRITA-NA-0202 • ISSN 0348-2952 • ISRN KTH/NA/R–02/02–SE


The geometric character,design theory and methods of circle moving composed curved hydraulic gradual transition are studied emphatically.In light of the localization formula of gradual transition,the development calculation of circle moring composed curve is expounded emphatically.The system of computer aided design and computer image processing on gradual transition is developed base on AutoCAD2000 by VBA.And the system has been applied to design of an intake's gradual transition for a Hydropower station to draw curve developing drawings and curve sectional drawings.Through the actual project design,it is proved that this system is to be useful.


An improved method of including accidentally absent reflexions in the least-squares refinement of crystal structures, so as to accelerate the initial convergence of the procedure, is discussed. It is shown that when the calculated structure factors of these reflexions are less than the observed threshold value they determine nothing more about the structure, and should not be included in expressions for either the standard deviations or the shifts during refinement of atomic parameters.


The garnet, Lu/sub x/Sm/sub 3-x/Fe$sub 5$O$sub 12$, with x ranging from 1.5 to 1.9, has been epitaxially grown on gadolinium gallium garnet substrates by conventional LPE dipping techniques. This range of compositions has q greater than 1 and supports submicron diameter magnetic bubbles. For a x = 1.8 composition, the coercivity, H/sub c/, is 0.05 Oe and the anisotropy field, H/sub K/, is 4360 Oe. The wall mobility, $mu$, was measured by bubble translation and is 192 cm/sec-Oe for a x = 1.5 composition. Uniform skewing but no hard bubble behavior was observed in the bubble translational studies. Magnetic bubble T-bar permalloy circuits have been fabricated by E-Beam patterning and electroplating on these films. Quasistatic bubble propagation has been observed for 0.8 $mu$m diameter bubbles at a drive field of 100 Oe. (auth)


This is an official document of the National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (NJCLD), of which Council for Learning Disabilities is a long-standing, active member. With this position paper, NJCLD addresses points of agreement in the field, common misperceptions, and unresolved issues in scholarship and practice, and makes recommendations for federal and state policy.


Hydromagnesiation of alkynylsilanes gives (Z)-α-silylvinyl Grignard reagents, which are cross-coupled with alkynyl iodides in the presence of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) catalyst to afford stereoselectively 1,3-enynylsilanes in good yields.


The paper has two purposes. First, we start to develop a theory of infinite global fields, i.e., of infinite algebraic extensions either of Q or of Fr(t). We produce a series of invariants of such fields, and we introduce and study a kind of zeta-function for them. Second, for sequences of number fields with growing discriminant we prove generalizations of the Odlyzko-Serre bounds and of the Brauer-Siegel theorem, taking into account non-archimedean places. This leads to asymptotic bounds on the ratio log hR/log p |D| valid without the standard assumption n/log p |D| → 0, thus including, in particular, the case of unramified towers. Then we produce examples of class field towers, showing that this assumption is indeed necessary for the Brauer-Siegel theorem to hold. As an easy consequence we ameliorate on existing bounds for regulators.


news and update ISSN 1948-6596 update A finer focus on glacial refugia in the Mediterranean region The importance of glacial refugia in structuring biodiversity has long been recognised. By allow- ing local persistence during past glacial periods, these areas were instrumental in retaining diver- sity at global to local scales, from the genetic variation within species to the diversity of species themselves. Based on a combined analysis of phy- logeographical studies conducted on 82 plant spe- cies occurring in the Mediterranean region and beyond, Frederic Medail and Katia Diadema pre- sent evidence of 52 putative refugia throughout the region. Their work represents a step-change in the resolution of refugia in the Mediterranean, offering a fine scale localisation, where individual studies have often resolved their location no fur- ther than the major peninsulas. Medail and Diadema consider the charac- teristics of refugia, highlighting the great impor- tance of the Mediterranean mountain regions. From a thoughtful commentary of how multiple episodes of past climatic and other environmental changes have impacted diversity and the distribu- tion of species, they suggest that the title of 'glacial refugium' might be seen as rather a simpli- fication, with 'cumulative refugia' perhaps being more appropriate for the areas they define. The great evolutionary importance of refugia is dis- cussed, with refugia acting both as storehouses of evolutionary history and reservoirs of genetic di- versity for the future. In the Mediterranean, refugia occur pre- dominantly at the rear or 'hot and dry' edge of the distribution of many of their component species. Thus in a period where rapidly rising global tem- peratures dominate much of our thinking, it is tempting to dismiss the biodiversity of these re- gions as condemned and attempts at their conser- vation as futile. However, as the authors remark, the high environmental complexity of refugia that has facilitated the persistence of species through- out environmental changes experienced over past millennia, clearly demonstrates that the fate of these rear edge populations is far from sealed. When we combine the possibility that populations might survive future changes in cli- mate in these refugial areas with their exceptional evolutionary importance, we gain a clear under- standing of why their conservation is so impor- tant. The observation by the authors that a high proportion of Mediterranean refugia are located in regions of high population and human land use pressure should then give us significant cause for concern. However, it is the finer geographical resolution of refugial areas that this paper pro- vides that also paves the way for developing more effective strategies for their conservation. Individual species have been impacted by individual climatic and biogeographic events in different ways, as the authors acknowledge. Fur- ther study in this region will uncover yet greater complexity and might modify the described pat- terns to some extent, as the difference between this paper and some of its predecessors demon- strates. However, the refugial areas that the au- thors define represent a significant advance in our understanding of both the historical and contem- porary biogeography of plants in the Mediterra- nean, and confirm the great importance of the region for the biodiversity of the future. Medail, F. & Diadema, K. (2009) Glacial refugia influ- ence plant biodiversity patterns in the Mediter- ranean Basin. Jounal of Biogeography, 36, 1333- Alistair S. Jump School of Biological and Environmental Sci- ences, University of Stirling, UK e-mail: email@example.com http://www.sbes.stir.ac.uk/people/jump/ index.html Edited by Antje Ahrends frontiers of biogeography 1.1, 2009 — © 2009 the authors; journal compilation © 2009 The International Biogeography Society


The geometric Satake correspondence is an equivalence between the category of finite dimensional representations of the Langlands dual \hat{G} of a complex connected reductive algebraic group G and the category of G(\mathbb{C}[[z]])-equivariant perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian Gr=G(\mathbb{C}((z)))/G(\mathbb{C}[[z]]). Through this correspondence, the highest weight module L(\lambda) can be seen as the intersection homology group of a Schubert variety \overline{Gr^{\lambda}}. The purpose of this paper is to present the precise relationship between the intersection form \langle.,.\rangle on IH_{\bullet}(\overline{Gr^{\lambda}},\mathbb{C}) and the contravariant form on L(\lambda).


Industrial sector companies make a significant contribution to innovation and market growth. This research article aims to understand the factors affecting the implementation of ideas in the Industrial Sector. This article focused on the research done in the innovation and ideation fields. The methodology used a quantitative approach to structure and analyzed the information obtained from A self-administered questionnaire. The findings led to identifying some factors affecting the implementation of ideas in the industry. Findings of innovation's institutionalization should prove helpful in predicting achievement of ideas effectiveness. Future research should focus on building literature from a quantitative and qualitative aspect.


Purpose – This paper aims to throw light on the value of accommodation and support services and the likely consequences of their withdrawal.Design/methodology/approach – Research was completed by a team of researchers from Nottingham Trent and Salford Universities under the Multiple Exclusion Homelessness programme funded by CLG, the Economic and Social Research Council and the Joseph Rowntree Foundation.Findings – Agencies whose priorities are influenced by other agendas arising from statutory limitations or government targets have conflicting priorities that sustain multiple exclusion homelessness in a number of key circumstances.Originality/value – Findings from this research will enable policy‐makers and practitioners to take better account of service user perspectives, experiences and priorities.


The procedure of repair is affected by the element of manufacture,model is definite,It is exampled by injector,The frail of the element of manufacture and the procedure of repair is explicated by the model,the strengthen、improve、increase of the model can be made by the manager;it is very valuable for the navel vessel repair.


This chapter extends many of the results from Chapter 29 on single trait-fitness associations to the multiple trait setting. It examines the estimate of multivariate fitness surfaces, starting with quadratic surfaces and then moving to nonparametric versions (which assume no a prior functional form). It also examines path analysis, the analysis of missing data, and multilevel selection.


Abstract We have developed a honeycomb palladium catalyst to be used for the oxidation of tritiated hydrocarbons. Since the suitable loading rate of palladium deposited on the base material is a technical point, honeycomb-shaped palladium catalysts of three different loading rates—2, 5, and 10 g/L—were prepared to investigate the effect of loading rate of palladium on reaction rate in this study. Tritiated methane was selected as the typical hydrocarbon. A 12 m3 tank was prepared to prevent tritiated methane at tracer concentration fed to the catalytic reactor from fluctuating. The overall reaction rate constant for tritiated methane oxidation on the honeycomb palladium catalyst was determined with a flow-through system as a function of space velocity from 1000 to 6300 h−1, methane concentration in carrier from 0.004 to 100 ppm, and temperature of catalyst from 322 to 673 K. The honeycomb palladium catalyst without pretreatment for activation initially lowers the overall reaction rate constant at lower temperatures. However, the constant recovers steeply to the original value during the continuous combustion of tritiated methane. The loading rate of palladium deposited on the base material has little effect on reaction rate for tritiated methane combustion. The overall reaction rate constant is proportional to the space velocity. The overall reaction rate constant is independent on the methane concentration when it is less than 10 ppm.


This paper compares two different numerical methods used to solve the same differential game. In differential games strategies of individual players are represented as continuous functions of time and are typically solutions to the optimal control problems of the players. The game is an R&D duopoly with two players: an upstream firm that is primarily engaged in research and development (the R&D firm) and whose value comes from the market valuation of these activities, and a downstream firm primarily engaged in distribution and marketing (the D&M firm). The first method is assumed to be the benchmark since it is based on discretizing the first order conditions of each playeri¯s optimal control problem. The second method is based on making random guesses of the parameters of a second order polynomial and searching for optimal solutions. The results suggest that the second method, which is more automated and has the potential of being applied to games with higher dimensionality, can give approximate solutions to differential games similar to the one considered here. The results also provide an important theoretical outcome. They illustrate that unlike the tradeoff and pecking order models of capital structure there are many markets in which capital structure is not driven by a reversion to a target debt-to-equity ratio or a pecking order, but by maximizing firm value under strategic considerations.


We present an approach to studying ensembles of cache simulations which vary in cache features (such as size, associativity, block replacement policy, etc.) or qualities of the program (such as choice of algorithm, data storage layouts, etc.). Through the qualities of variation between their members, these ensembles can reflect the computational structure of programs and expose their performance characteristics, leading to better understanding of code and performance improvements that can be valuable in conserving scarce computing resources. We include several case studies looking at various cache performance scenarios, including some surprising performance bottlenecks in common programming operations, demonstrating the usefulness of our approach.


The paper presents a regional and sectorial analysis of labor productivity in industry in the years 1996-2007 from the data of PIA-IBGE using the shift-share method. Labor productivity was weighted in each sector and region for their respective participation in national employment. The results of calculations of the components of growth in labor productivity showed that in most sectors and regions, the modified structural component of growth has a low relationship with the growth of labor productivity. It was concluded that productivity growth in sectors and regions was due more to regional competitiveness than to the changes in the production structure. It was also found that growth of less developed regions was insufficient to compensate for the reduction in the Southeast region and therefore there was no increase in labor productivity at the national level.


Summary Decrease of fibrinolytic potential is considered to be a risk factor for arterial thrombosis. The recently described thrombinactivatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) attenuates fibrinolysis by cleaving of the C-terminal lysine residues from fibrin, thereby inhibiting tPA mediated plasminogen activation. The role of plasma TAFI antigen (Ag) levels and gene polymorphisms in arterial thrombosis is still not elucidated. In this prospective study, the association between plasma TAFI Ag levels and the TAFI gene polymorphisms, Ala147Thr, Thr325Ile and -438A/G, with refractory unstable angina pectoris (UAP) was determined. The study population consisted of 209 patients with UAP of whom 76 were refractory and 133 non-refractory to medical treatment. In the same study population the contribution of these polymorphisms to plasma TAFI Ag levels was determined. Plasma TAFI Ag levels were significantly higher in non-refractory patients compared to refractory patients (geometric mean 114.4 and 105.6 U/dl respectively, p=0.042). Plasma TAFI Ag levels in the lowest quartile resulted in a 2.6 fold (95% confidence interval 1.2-5.9) increased risk for refractory UAP compared to plasma TAFI Ag levels in the upper quartile. The three studied TAFI polymorphisms had an independent and additive effect on plasma TAFI Ag levels. However, no significant association between the individual TAFI polymorphisms and refractiveness was observed. In conclusion, in this study population plasma TAFI Ag levels are significantly correlated with refractiveness in patients with UAP. Furthermore, all three polymorphisms contribute independently to plasma TAFI Ag levels, but not to refractiveness. Part of this paper was originally presented at the joint meetings of the 16th International Congress of the International Society of Fibrinolysis and Proteolysis (ISFP) and the 17th International Fibrinogen Workshop of the International Fibrinogen Research Society (IFRS) held in Munich, Germany, September, 2002.


The analysis of technical efficiency in developing country agriculture is well established but has been overlooked for developing country commercial marine fisheries. Policies raising technical efficiency in agriculture are viewed as uniformly positive but are a mixed blessing in fisheries due to the open-access property right and common-pool resource. This study explores this contradiction and policies aimed to promote sustainable development and management of renewable common pool resources through a case study of the Java Sea purse seine fishery. Season of the year rather than fisher or vessel characteristics primarily determines technical efficiency. The results are contrasted with developing country agriculture and conclusions drawn for fisheries development strategies.


We obtain new bounds on short Weil sums over small multiplicative subgroups of prime finite fields which remain nontrivial in the range the classical Weil bound is already trivial. The method we use is a blend of techniques coming from algebraic geometry and additive combinatorics.


The article deals with problem of flow measurement of ventilators for cooling purposes. Measurement method is based on calorimetric principle which is the measurement method of equipment called Thomas cylinder. The whole measuring mode with description of individual elements of measuring equipment and process of measured data processing is introduced. In conclusion there is a list of measured values of tested ventilator


SUMMARY (1) A high proportion of the freshly-matured seeds of Veronica arvensis were dormant at maturity in late May. During the summer after-ripening period, the proportion and the rate of germination increased, and the range of temperature at which seeds could germinate widened. Seeds required light for germination, and they germinated equally well at constant and alternating temperatures. By August 58-99% of the seeds germinated after 20 days in light (14-h photoperiod) at constant temperature of 10 or 15 IC, or at alternating temperatures of 15/6 and 20/100C, but none germinated at 25 IC or at the simulated August field temperature regime of 35/20 ?C. (2) Seeds in an unheated glasshouse on soil kept at field capacity and on soil that was alternately wetted and dried during summer had a low germination; 3 and 1%, respectively, in the first summer after planting, and none during the second and third summers. This lack of germination during the summer, even though light and soil moisture were not limiting, was probably because the temperature was above that required for germination. (3) By September and October the temperature in the field has fallen sufficiently to allow a high proportion of the seeds to germinate if light and soil moisture are adequate. Seeds that do not germinate during the first autumn after dispersal may germinate during the following spring or in some subsequent autumn or spring. (4) During the first year of burial, seeds came out of dormancy during summer, and by October 59-100% of exhumed seeds germinated at 15/6, 20/10, 25/15 and 30/15 OC. During winter the proportion of exhumed seeds germinating at all temperatures decreased, and in April only 38, 9 and 1% of the seeds germinated at 15/6, 20/10 and 25/15 IC, respectively, in light. This cycle of germination responses was repeated during the second summer and winter of burial. (5) As seeds require light for germination at all seasons, they cannot germinate while buried. However, seeds brought to the soil surface can germinate only in spring or autumn.


Purpose- The aim of the study is to measure the efficiency of real estate investment trusts traded on BIST with data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist total factor productivity index. Efficiency and productivity were measured using the Malmquist total productivity analysis and the Data Envelopment Analysis approach, both of whose application fields have grown recently.
Methodology- The Malmquist total factor productivity index is used to analyze changes in total factor productivity of 20 real estate investment trusts operating in 2019–2020–2021, as well as the reasons for these changes, on the axis of variables such as current ratio, leverage ratio, long-term debt-to-asset ratio, short-term debt-to-asset ratio, equity-to-asset ratio, return on assets, net profit margin, and gross profit margin.
Findings- The results of the analysis show that 8 companies that are relatively efficient according to their CCR technical efficiency values have been identified; these are ALGYO, AVGYO, HLGYO, MRGYO, MSGYO, PAGYO, RYGYO, and SNGYO. It has been observed that these companies have been effective in an output-oriented way over the past three years.
Conclusion- The firms that are below the efficiency limit need to take a few things into account, according to the results. They need to alter a few input variables to reach a higher level of efficiency. It is anticipated that all these findings will support the decision-making of the companies and the investors who are considering investing in these companies.

Keywords: Real estate investment trusts, data envelopment analysis, Malmquist total factor productivity index, efficiency measurement.
JEL Codes: C67, L25, G29


Steam injection into intake bays is a nonchemical method to control zebra mussels. This technique was demonstrated at Dairyland Power Cooperative`s J.P. Madgett Station located in Alma, Wisconsin. The project was funded by the EPRI Zebra Mussel Consortium which includes: Dairyland Power Cooperative, Central Illinois Public Service, Duke Power, Illinois Power Company, PSI Energy, Public Service Electric & Gas, and Tennessee Valley Authority. This technique can be used by other power plants with a similar problem. A contract between Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation (Stone & Webster) was initiated in August 1994. The steam treatments were performed at the J.P. Madgett intake in Alma, Wisconsin, on September 14 and 18, 1994. The J.P. Madgett Station has two water intake bays with storage capacities of approximately 295,000 and 265,000 gallons, respectively. Each intake can be isolated, permitting either full or reduced generation depending on river temperature conditions. In addition to the intake bays, the outside fire protection loop and hydrants were also treated with the hot water from one of the bays. This paper presents the process design, piping and steam educator configurations, portable industrial boiler sizing and description, and the thermocouples to monitor themore » water temperature in the intake bay. The biological mortality and control test protocol and treatment results are also presented. Treatment effectiveness was 100%; however, equipment installation and operation was more problematic than anticipated. A generic computer program is developed and verified using thermal data from the test. The PC program will allow other utilities to size the boiler and estimate the heat losses from an intake bay. The treatment also provided valuable information that simplifies future applications and provides for more realistic design and installation schedules and costs.« less


The experiment was conducted to find out best month for wedge grafting in guava out of four months viz. July (M1), August (M2), September (M3) and October (M4) under two different growing conditions (polyhouse condition and open field). Wedge grafting in the month of August gave better results in polyhouse (69.88 %) as well as in open field condition (67.12 %). Polyhouse condition gave better response than open field condition with respect to number of days taken to sprouting, graft-take per cent, sprouting per cent, number of leaves per new shoot, height of graft, girth of graft and graft survival percentage.


The establishment of protected areas (PAs) is an effective way to biodiversity conservation while maintaining the multiple functions of ecosystem services. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis on the relationship between PAs, biodiversity conservation, and ecological value in the field of research on prospects. Therefore, based on the research progress of literature content, this paper systematically reviews and evaluates domestic and international studies in terms of the biodiversity conservation and the ecological value of PAs. The results showed that relevant studies in recent years have mainly analyzed the spatial layout, area changes and conservation effectiveness of PAs in relation to biodiversity; By constructing the connotation system of ecological value concept of PAs, the research progress of ecological value accounting, ecological value realization and transformation, and ecological value types of PAs is further discussed, and the prospects of biodiversity conservation and ecological value research of PAs is proposed. This study provides a reference for the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the construction and optimization of PAs system.


Contemporary research in communication system much focus towards high transmission rates in mobile systems. In cognitive radio network efficient utilization of bandwidth or available spectrum, create an additional mechanism for primary and secondary user interaction. This paper focus towards algorithms for PU localization based on the received signal strength (RSS) and optimal Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation. Comparative analysis of CRAMER-RAO BOUNDS based RSS calculation and joined RSS and optimal DOA estimator will be performed.


Voltage drops associated with the collisional sheath of nonemitting, MHD electrodes are investigated. The problem is described by a set of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations which are solved by finite differencing in a computer. The sheath and ambipolar regions form in a self‐consistent way obviating the need to match boundaries. A two‐dimensional model with periodic active sites on a flat plate is used. The current constricts at these sites in order to satisfy the controlling equations for frozen charge flow. The effects of a magnetic field as well as of Joule heating are included in the model; convection can be shown to be negligible in the sheath. Joule heating is assumed to have no effect on the bulk temperature of the gas. Changes in the current‐voltage characteristics due to Joule heating are small since the effect is extremely localized; the presence of a magnetic field has a slight influence on the size of the sheath but alters noticeably the current‐voltage characteristics.


The invention discloses a linear cutting machining device and method for an internal spline of a step. The device comprises a linear cutting machine tool, a molybdenum wire direction changing device matched with the linear cutting machine tool, an insulation cushion block and an index plate provided with an inner hole. The molybdenum wire direction changing device enables a molybdenum wire to pass through a stepped hole of a workpiece and then be deflected towards the inner wall of the workpiece. The linear cutting machining device is simple in structure, low in manufacturing difficulty, easy to operate in the using process, safe and reliable. By means of the device and the method, a spline key groove can be completely machined, a step hole wall is not damaged, the quality requirement of products can be met, and the manufacturing cost of the products can be reduced. The machining problem of the step internal spline which is high in material rigidity is solved.


Orofacial and cervical manifestations of aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) admitted to "Departement de Sante Publique et Medecine Tropicale, HOpital de la Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France" were studied.Oral candidal infections occured in 80.0%. Cervical lymphadenopathy was palpated in 60%. Facial and oral Kaposi's sarcoma were found in 31.1% and 15.6%, respectively. Oral herpes occured in 22.2% and leukoplakia was confirmed in 4.4%. At least one of these manifestations occured in more than 93%. These findings suggest that oral surgeons have an important relation to AIDS in terms of diagnosis and treatment.Seven biopsy-proved cases of cervical lymphadenopathy showed 3 cases of follicular hyperplasia, 2 cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis, one case of Hodgkin's disease and one case of Kaposi's Sarcoma indicating that these histological findings were not specific to AIDS.


Separating hash families are useful combinatorial structures which generalize several well-studied objects in cryptography and coding theory. Let $p_t(N, q)$ denote the maximum size of universe for a $t$-perfect hash family of length $N$ over an alphabet of size $q$. In this paper, we show that $q^{2-o(1)}<p_t(t, q)=o(q^2)$ for all $t\geq 3$, which answers an open problem about separating hash families raised by Blackburn et al. in 2008 for certain parameters. Previously, this result was known only for $t=3, 4$. Our proof is obtained by establishing the existence of a large set of integers avoiding nontrivial solutions to a set of correlated linear equations.


which significant arterial disease invariably results in a fall in ankle pressure. Espinola-Klein et al. (5) studied whether use of the higher or lower of the two ankle pressures (together with the higher of the two brachial systolic pressures) was a better predictor of cardiovascular events. They concluded that when the conventional higher pressure was used, a group of patients at high risk of cardiovascular events were overlooked. Pan et al. (6) compared three methods of determining ABI in a population sample. Mean ABI values were significantly higher on Doppler than on auscultatory measurements with intermediate levels on oscillometric determination. The small differences noted were dependent upon ABI level and the researchers that this effect should be considered in the interpretation of results. A systematic review of the available non-invasive techniques for the diagnosis of PAD published in 2007 (7) compared the accuracy of duplex ultrasonography with magnetic resonance angiography and computer tomography angiography. It concluded that contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography was more specific than computed tomography angiography (i.e. better at ruling out stenosis over 50%) and was more sensitive than duplex ultrasonography (i.e. better at ruling in stenosis over 50%). Nevertheless both these other techniques are expensive and impractical as diagnostic tests in primary care. Cacooub et al. have shown that using the ABI the detected prevalence of PAD in high-risk patients in ambulant practice is around 28%. This is a simple test, widely available but also widely underused. It deserves greater attention.


The worldwide system of computer networks is known as Internet. Variety of Information and Communication facilities are provided by global computer networks. Internet is the most costeffective communications method in the world. Internet is mostly used for E-mails social networking online movies instant messaging online shopping gaming data or file sharing etc. To facilitate communication and research activities internet was originally designed. The use of internet in recent years has the dramatic increase in the usage of internet and leading to internet addiction1 .Objectives The study aimed to assess the prevalence of Internet addiction among college students and to find the association between internet addiction scores and the selected demographical variables.Material and methods Data were collected by using standardized 20 items internet addiction scale. The demographic variables analyzed in the study were age gender religion type of family family income and source of internet use. The samples for the study were selected by using the convenient sampling technique. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed in terms of objectives of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results The result of the study showed that the majority of the students participated in the study belonged to the age group of 18-20 years i.e. 68 and the minimum i.e. 024 belonged to the age group above 22 years. The majority of respondents were female i.e. 4386 among which 2958 respondents were from christia religion. The majority of the respondentrsquos family income was above 60000month and majority of them were from joint family i.e. 4386. The respondents were asked regarding the source of internet use where majority f the students reported use of mobile data i.e. 2754 where remaining 2346 reported use of WiFi as source of internet. The findings revealed that 34 students i.e. 74 were under mild internet addiction category 12 students i.e. 24 were moderately addicted and 1 student i.e. 2 were severely addicted to the internet use. The findings also revealed that there is no association between the internet addiction scores and demographical variables.


Abstract : In June 2000, a cultural resources, remote-sensing survey was conducted of an approximately 450-acre area located adjacent to the Houma Navigation Canal in Terrebonne Bay in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana. This area has been selected for the construction of an artificial island habitat using shoal material removed from the adjacent Houma navigation Canal. The survey was conducted to locate and assess significant historic shipwrecks or other underwater cultural resources that may exist in the project area. The remote-sensing survey used a fathometer, a cesium magnetometer and a side-scan sonar and relied on differential OPS positioning. A number of small side-scan sonar targets and magnetic anomalies were recorded during the survey. All of these objects are believed to be modern trash and debris; none are considered to represent significant cultural remains.


Automatic differentiation (AD) has become the backbone for a new wave of optimization-driven domains such as computer graphics and machine learning over the past decade. However, existing AD systems face limitations, either lacking support for in-browser development or failing to harness more recent, compiler-based approaches to achieve both expressiveness and size-preserving differentiation. This work introduces Rose, a portable, extensible AD library that runs on the web. Through Rose, we aim to increase accessibility to AD and empower end-user programming in optimization-driven domains. We plan to evaluate Rose by replacing the AD engines of real-world, client-side optimization systems and assess the improvements on the computation power and expressiveness of such systems.


Abstract Aegle marmelos Corr. (Rutaceae) is reported to have a wide range of biological activities and the leaves of this plant are used as a brain tonic traditionally in India. In this study, the psychoneuropharmacological activities of essential oil obtained from the leaves of Aegle marmelos were investigated for the first time and the possible mechanistic pathway involved in these activities was also investigated, along with molecular docking study. The chemical composition of extracted essential oil Aegle marmelos (AMEO) was analyzed by Gas chromatography combined with Mass-spectrometer (GC/MS). D-limonene (46.08 %) and α-phellandrene (35.90 %) were characterized as the major constituents. Firstly, the selection of the dose of essential oil was made by calculating the intraperitoneal LD50 value. Then AMEO (25-100 mg/kg, i.p) was investigated for general behavioral, antianxiety, sedative, anti convulsion, antidepressant, and motor coordination activities. The essential oil exhibited significant anxiolytic and antidepressant-like activities at all doses. Whereas, noticeable sedative and anticonvulsant effects were achieved at a high dose of essential oil. In addition, to find out the possible connections of the GABAergic and serotonergic system in these activities, test and positive control groups were pretreated with flumazenil and p-chloro-phenylalanine. The findings of in vivo study indicated that essential oil (EO) activity seems to have occurred via GABAergic and serotonergic pathways. A molecular docking (in silico) study also was accomplished to establish the possible mechanistic pathway involved in in vivo activity and the findings of the in silico study might validate the results of in vivo activity.


The section from Shell-Kirby University No. 1 in central Pecos County, Texas, to Franklin Gephart No. 1 in northern Roosevelt County, New Mexico, extends generally along the eastern part of the Central Basin platform. It traverses most of the Upper Castile basin of deposition and shows its northern limit. Through Crane, Ector, and Andrews counties, the cross section is along the strike of the beds of the Whitehorse group. It shows the progressively increasing depth of the porous and producing zones from the Whitehorse group into the San Andres group, although the only oil wells shown on the section are producing from the San Andres or older beds. Some idea of the magnitude of the unconformity at the base of the Permian is indicated in the first ten wells in the section. T e suspected relationship of the Glorieta (base of San Andres group) with the undifferentiated Permian of the southern part of the Central Basin platform is also shown.


The ancient myths possess main aesthetic quality belonging to fictions. They not only establish the basic modes of thinking for the art of fiction, but also form the main aesthetic features of the art of fiction. Viewed from the essential features of style, therefore, the ancient myths are the original fictions in Chinese.


Background: Snacks can help meet the nutritional needs of children who do not bring food to school. However, many snacks circulating in the community still need to be guaranteed for their safety or nutritional content. Efforts are required to meet nutritional needs by developing a product in the form of brownies as a healthy snack for school children using local food in the form of Ambon bananas as a substitute in making brownies. This research aims to determine the organoleptic properties and nutritional content of banana brownies as a healthy snack for school children.Research Methods: This study used an experimental method in the laboratory with a completely randomized design (CRD). Ambon banana puree substitution was carried out with three levels of treatment (25%, 50%, and 75% of the total flour), with three repetitions. Data on organoleptic properties were collected by organoleptic test using the hedonic method and statistically analyzed using Analysis Of Variance (One Way Annova) at the 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). Research Result: The results of the study of the organoleptic test of banana brownie products with 25% Ambon banana puree substitution of total wheat flour (20 grams) obtained a significant texture (≤ 0.05), while color, aroma, and taste were not substantial (> 0.05). Conclusion: The study of the organoleptic properties of banana brownies found that panelists preferred the treatment level, namely t1 (substitution of Ambon banana puree 25% of total flour). The nutritional value in 1 serving of 100 grams of banana brownies is 402.9 kcal of energy and 6.8 grams of protein.


Why has it been so difficult to bring about sustainable agriculture on a large scale in the United States? Or, for that matter, why don't we already have an agricultural system that would better fit most definitions of sustainable? This conference proceeding is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/leopold_conf/13


This paper studies the rescheduling problem of a single machine facing unexpected disruptions in order to determine which parameters can help reducing the negative impacts of these disruptions on schedule performance. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to generate the initial schedule and the updated ones according to a reactive strategy. The performance of event-driven rescheduling and periodic rescheduling policies are compared in terms of total tardiness and total cost of rescheduling. Other factors that may affect rescheduling such as disruption time, disruption duration and number of disruptions are investigated. The sensitivity of results to both due date tightness and cost factor variation is tested. The results showed that the timing of the occurrence of disruption as related to scheduling horizon has a major effect on determining the best rescheduling policy. Event-driven policy is superior to other policies for short infrequent disruptions. It was found that the periodic policy is more appropriate for long and frequent disruptions.


A series of 9-tert-aminomethylphenanthrenes substituted with various groups in various positions were prepared, and their fungicidal effects were examined. Comparative studies were made with phenanthroquinolizidines, which are strong fungicides. Opening of the quinolizidine skeleton was found to be accompanied by a substantial decrease in the effect. This is considered to be connected with the change in position (orientation) of the nitrogen relative to the phenanthrene skeleton.


Marinov's proposals involve use of two half-cylindrical magnets, axially polarized in opposite directions, surrounded by a solid (left figure) or liquid (right figure) annular conductor that is connected at two diametrically opposite points to a battery (via sliding contacts in case of the sold ring conductor which is free to rotate about its axis). Marinov was unable to make his proposed motor work, and committed suicide in 1997. But within months of this tragic event the motor was shown to work in [3], which included the figure on the top left of the next page. Most likely, the apparatus used in [3] was similar to that in the top right figure on the next page (from [13]), in which two axially, oppositely magnetized stacks of disk magnets were joined by two "keepers" to form an approximation to a toroidal magnet. The Maxwellian view is that the magnetic field is zero outside a toroidal magnet, so it is paradoxical that a torque could be exerted on the ring rotor to drive the motor.


By defining the concept of bottleneck structure, the process bottleneck is analyzed in the paper. The bottleneck structure is a kind of generalized network whose circle gain is 1. We call it simple gain network. The equivalent simple network is defined for the simple gain network, by analyzing the bottleneck of which we complete the analysis of the generalized circulation problem.