Hibachi is an open source (EPL), standard, extensible, vendor-neutral Eclipse Ada development environment. Hibachi is currently in the project proposal phase (see http://www.eclipse.org/projects/dev_process/development_process.php, which involves gathering a viable developer/tester/user community around the project and IP rights to any code contributions. When these pieces are in place, the project can be approved by the Eclipse Management Organization (EMO) and begin producing high quality releases available to end users, as well as third party integrators.
 As Hibachi project lead, Mr. Grosman has been in touch with the major active Ada development environment vendors (ACT, Aonix, DDC-I, GHS) and they have all expressed interest and a desire to commit resources to making Hibachi a success. In addition, gnuada development team members have also expressed support for Hibachi and a willingness to participate. Mr. Grosman is also in contact with several Universities who will be contributing engineering effort as part of their curricula (master theses), as well as some major industrial partners who are large scale users of Ada and who have expressed interest in contributing development and/or financial resources. Aonix has offered to contribute the source for its Eclipse plugin, AonixADT as a code base for Hibachi. AonixADT currently supports ObjectAda as well as GNAT/gnuada development. Contributions of existing code from other sources are also a possibility depending on the willingness of other potential contributors. Because of these factors, and the encouragement of the Hibachi project mentor Doug Schaefer, CDT project lead, Mr. Grosman has every expectation that the Hibachi proposal will be accepted and that we will be able to produce a plugin with features as outlined in the Hibachi Proposal-http://www.eclipse.org/proposals/adt/. The development plan outlined in the Hibachi proposal indicates that a first useable release of Hibachi will be available in time for SIGAda in November.


In this paper we examine the gas-to-dust ratio in M31 galaxy combining radio emission data on neutral hydrogen (HI) and carbon oxide (CO) with the recent extinction estimates of young stellar groups (OB associations and open clusters). The fraction of sightlines where the observed N(HI)/2EB-V ratio is outside the typical Galactic range is only 1/10; however, the correlation between these two quantities remains weak. A radial dependence of this ratio, twice flatter than previous estimates, indicates absence of a strong metallicity gradient. Detection of objects behind the disk of M31 allow pencil beams estimates of the total extinction. The results confirm the plausibility of a disk model with exponentially decreasing optical thickness in radial direction. Nearly constant gas−to−dust ratio in the Galactic interstellar medium in the few kpc vicinity of the Sun [1] shows that dust and gas are well mixed and the grain properties do not vary essentially. One comes to this conclusion taking into account the existing tight correlation between the star light extinction and the observed total gas column density N(HI+2H2). Local Galactic value of the gas-to-dust ratio is often adopted for regions outside the Solar neighborhood or in other spiral galaxies; yet, it is difficult to prove directly its universal applicability. One promising test is to perform comparison between the properties of dust and gas in nearby galaxies. The nearest giant spiral, M31, is an attractive target for comprehensive study of the ISM. Its proximity allows for construction of a detailed picture of stars', dust, and gas distributions. However, any extensive survey is time-consuming because of the large angular size of M31 (4.5°×1.5°; see Fig. 1). The new CO(1→0) map [2] with an angular resolution of 23′′ at λ=2.6 mm, combined with the HI map of [3], yields excellent opportunities for comparative studies of dust and cool gas, representative for the whole


Aluminuim doped zinc oxide(ZnO:AL)Films have been prepared on Polyimide(PI) and Coming 7059 glass substrates by r.f. magnetron sputtering method. The structural of the ZnO:Al films were studied in accordance with various deposition R.F power and working pressure by XRD, SEM. And The electrical and optical properties of ZnO:Al films were characterized by Hall effect and UN visible spectrophotometer measurements, ZnO:Al films had were hexagonal wurtzite structure and dominant c-axis orientation. The R.f power and working pressure for optimum condition to fabricate the transparent conductive films using a PI substrate were 2 mTorr and 100W, respectively. The resistivity of the ZnO:Al films prepared under this condition were . The optical transmittance of 400nm thick films at 550nm is .


Th ere are recorded some extant documents from year 1258 that attest the government action of King Alfonso X to reorganize the limits and boundaries of a particular region of his kingdom: Tierra de Pinares, in castilian Extremadura. Th is reordering of the space aff ected several "comunidades de villa y tierra", but probably the most important intervention took place in Portillo, because the fi xed boundaries with the places of Tudela, Cuéllar and Mojados covered most of the Eastern and Southern sector of its "tierra". Th is paper seeks to explain a process that is of great interest to discuss the shaping of royal power over physical space, and how it got recorded in the intervened places through means as diverse as written record or oral tradition. To reach this objective, the research combines both documentary sources, and archeological prospecting and excavation works carried out in the area, for comparing current municipal borders with the ancient ones dated almost eight centuries ago.


We employ a simple effective model to study the chiral dynamics of two flavors of quarks at finite temperature and density. In particular, we determine the phase diagram in the plane of temperature and baryon chemical potential as a function of the pion mass. An interesting phase structure occurs that results in zero, one, or two critical points depending on the value of the vacuum pion mass.


2 Abstract: Recent advances in wireless sensor networking (WSN) techniques have inspired interest within the development of vehicle health watching systems. Energy potency is one amongst the foremost vital factors for the WSNs. In earlier analysis, associate degree energy-efficient cluster-based accommodative Time-Division Multiple-Access (TDMA), Medium-Access-Control (MAC) protocol, named Energy Adaptive Time-Division Multiple Access (EA-TDMA), has been developed by the authors for the aim of communication between the sensors placed in every vehicle wagon. This paper proposes another new protocol named ENERGY-EFFICIENT E-BMA that achieves even higher energy potency for low and medium traffic by minimizing the idle time throughout the rivalry amount. In addition to vehicle applications, the EA-TDMA and E-BMA protocols square measures appropriately for generic wireless digital communication functions. Each analytical and simulation results for the energy consumption of TDMA, EA-TDMA, BMA and E-BMA are bestowed during this paper to demonstrate the prevalence of the E-BMA protocols.


There was a method developed that generates the three-dimensional model of not axisymmetric produce, based on an arbitrary number of photos. The model can serve as a basis for calculating the surface area and the volume of produce. The efficiency of the reconstruction was tested on bell peppers and artificial shapes. In case of bell peppers 3-dimensional reconstruction was created from 4 images rotated in 45° angle intervals. The surface area and the volume were estimated on the basis of the reconstructed area. Furthermore, a new and simple reference method was devised to give precise results for the surface area of bell pepper. The results show that this 3D reconstruction-based surface area and volume calculation method is suitable to determine the surface area and volume of definite bell peppers with an acceptable error.


A type of red and transparent feldspar has recently appeared on domestic and overseas gem markets,whose natural characteristic is much controversial.For studying the origin of the red colour,the gemmological characteristics,chemical compositions and UV-VIS absorption spectra are tested by using the conventional methods,LA-ICP-MS and UV-VIS spectrophotometer.The results show that the red feldspar samples belong to andesine.Compared with the yellow feldspar samples,the content of Cu is 739×10-6~801×10-6 in the red feldspar samples,which is more higher than that in the yellow feldspar samples(1.07×10-6),and the contents of the other elements have no significant differences.Therefore,the colour of the red feldspar samples may be related to the Cu.The results of the UV-VIS absorption spectra indicate that the red feldspar samples have the absorption band at 566 nm,which is due to intrinsic absorption of light caused by Cu.


This study introduces a methodology to evaluate different types of non-nuclear technologies to see how they are competitive to the nuclear technology for quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) in soil condition measurement for highway pavement construction. The non-nuclear methods including the Electrical Density Gauge (EDG) and the Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) were tested for their performance against a nuclear gauge, and traditional methods were used as baselines. An innovative way of comparing a deflection gauge to a density gauge was introduced. Results showed that the nuclear gauge generally outperformed the non-nuclear gauge in accuracies of soil density and moisture content measurements. Finally, a framework was developed as a guideline for evaluating various types of non-nuclear soil gauges. From other perspectives rather than accuracy, it was concluded that the non-nuclear gauges would be better alternative to the nuclear gauge when the followings are considered: (1) greater life-cycle cost savings; (2) elimination of intense federal regulations and safety/security concerns; and (3) elimination of licensing and intense training.


A highly active manganese complex [Mn2(CO)10] efficiently induced the controlled/living radical copolymerizations of a conjugated polar vinyl monomer, methyl acrylate (MA), and an unconjugated nonpolar olefin, 1-hexene (1-Hex), in the presence of ethyl 2-iodoisobutyrate (EMA−I) as an initiator under weak visible light at 40 °C to give the copolymers with controlled molecular weights. The further use of protic fluoroalcohols as solvents enhanced the copolymerization without losing the molecular weight control to result in a high 1-Hex content up to 50 mol %, for which the predominant alternating sequences were confirmed by the 13C NMR analysis of the copolymers. The kinetic analysis of the copolymerizations revealed an increase in the reactivity of the MA-radical to the 1-Hex monomer in the fluoroalcohol [1/rMA = 0.49 in (CF3)2CHOH vs 0.081 in toluene], which can be attributed to the 1:1 hydrogen-bonding interaction between the MA unit and the fluoroalcohol as suggested by the 13C NMR analysis of the MA−fl...


The Zhou Dynasty was a transitional period for women.In this period women gradually lost their autonomy for wedding under the patriarchal clan system.They could still pursue their own love boldly,but their status in marriage and family was that of a subordinate.


This essay examines the so-called "science and engineering crisis" during the period 2001–2004 in Korea as a crisis of identity for the Kwa-hak-ki-sul-ja, or scientist–engineer. The emergent discourse of crisis was a unique phenomenon in that scientist–engineers began to speak out loudly and publicly. Existing approaches to the study of the crisis have mainly taken note of its institutional, economic, and cultural aspects, but these fall short of fully explaining why the discourse of crisis scaled up so broadly across Korea. To understand the emergence of the discourse, I explore the historical experiences through which the identities of Korean engineers have evolved. I focus on the early formation of low-level technical workers under Japanese rule, the differentiation of engineers as a group in the rapid industrialization process, and the emergence of ambiguities in the identities of scientist–engineers since the late 1980s. It is important that scientist–engineers themselves contributed to the discourse of science and engineering crisis, albeit in a disorganized manner. On the surface, their concerns seemed to be economic and social in content, but at a more fundamental level they were expressing confusion about their identity in a rapidly changing society and seeking ways of responding to newly emerging social roles and responsibilities. To them the broader discourse of crisis was a crisis of identity.


Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Iraq and worldwide. The incidence in young women has been increasing over the years, and the gold standard test for diagnosis, mammography, is contraindicated for people under 40. Thermography appears in this scenario as a promising technique for early detection and a higher survival rate in this group of women. The analysis of thermographic images by Convolutional Neural Networks has good results in increasing the reliability and sensitivity of diagnoses. This work uses the Densenet201 and Resnet50 networks based on 72 images of different patients, 38 of whom are sick and 38 healthy. These images underwent pre-processing before being analyzed, and in one of the pre-processing steps, there was a manual clipping of only the region of interest of the breasts, intending to evaluate whether detection is superior to the image whole. The best average accuracy rate was obtained with the Densenet201 network, learning rate of 0.001 and 30 epochs, which reached 89%. Regarding the F1-score, the network with the best performance was Resnet50, with a learning rate of 0.0001 and 30 epochs, which reached 76%.


Let T be the first time a stochastic process $\{ {X( t )} \}$ drops a units below its maximum to date. We determine the transform of the joint distribution of T and $X( T )$ for integer valued stochastic processes that are continuous in the sense that only jumps of $ \pm 1$ occur. We concentrate on spatially homogeneous processes, that is, when $\{ {X( t )} \}$ has stationary independent increments. In this case, the first two moments of T and $X( T )$ are derived, and $X( T ) + a$ is shown to have a geometric distribution, the parameter of which is given. Applications in queuing theory and to two armed bandit problems are sketched.


A December, 2009 press release from the NZ Transport Agency advises that there are on average 25 bridge strike incidents per year on Auckland motorways. Such events can be costly, disruptive and have potentially immense safety impacts. One such incident occurred on the Orams Road Bridge on the Southern Motorway, the incident cut the link between two communities and cost approximately $400,000 to restore. Given the potential negative consequences of these events it is vital that a smarter, stronger, safer approach be taken to minimise these incidents. This paper investigates from a Human Factors perspective why drivers of over-height vehicles hit infrastructure both internationally and on the Auckland Motorway Network and what counter-measures can be put in place to reduce the number of strikes.


In our study we presented an effective method for clustering of Web pages. From flat HTML files we extracted keywords, formed feature vectors as representation of Web pages and applied them to a clustering method. We took advantage of the Fuzzy C-Means clustering algorithm (FCM). We demonstrated an organized and schematic manner of data collection. Various categories of Web pages were retrieved from ODP (Open Directory Project) in order to create our datasets. The results of clustering proved that the method performs well for all datasets. Finally, we presented a comprehensive experimental study examining: the behavior of the algorithm for different input parameters, internal structure of datasets and classification experiments.


The purpose of this study is to empirically test relationship between financial distress and stock price. Financial distress is calculated using Altman Z-score. Data for the study consists of financial information of 29 banks listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). Variables in this study are Z-score (independent) and Stock price (dependent). This study analyzes and describes the data associated with these variables and linear regression has been done between them to ascertain the level of and direction of their relationship. The trends of z-score for the study period (2015-2019) have been tested. This study finds there is no significant relationship between the variables. In other words, Z-score is unable to explain the variability in the stock price.


The fence that was placed on the verandas in rural and urban houses had mainly functional implementation and then it satisfies the aesthetic criteria. Earth as a field of development in which all the primary forms primitives reorganized in different compositions, which have application in modern interiors and exteriors. Design is used in every area of human life and creation. The things that surround us in every part of our life apart from performing a function they also have a high aesthetic and decorative part. In interior and interior decoration there is an important role which is the main factor to develop a strong emotional impact in space. Different designs in open and closed spaces could be on the floor, as wall decorations, ceilings and many additional elements that complement the


Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged women affecting up to 15% of the population and exhibiting ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, obesity, and insulin resistance. Phytochemical like phytoestrogen helps alleviate the symptoms of PCOS without any adverse effects such as improvement in ovulation and regulation of blood glucose. Therefore, this study has developed a supplement enriched with phytoestrogen. Aim: The study was aimed at developing a phytoestrogen-rich supplement. Methods: The supplement was prepared under proper hygienic conditions. Organoleptic evaluation was done by a group of panel members. Microbial activity and nutrient composition were analyzed by standard methods such as mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21. Result: The formulated supplement was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The microbial analysis showed that it was microbe free at the end of 30 days. The nutrient analysis concluded that phytoestrogens such as polyphenols and flavonoids, omega-3 fatty acid, irons, and fiber were present in adequate amounts. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the developed supplement is found to be rich in phytoestrogens and it can be effective for the treatment of PCOS.


This chapter deals with the two Romance languages which are officially recognized as minority languages of Switzerland, Romansh and Italian, and with Francoprovençal and French dialects spoken marginally in the francophone area of Switzerland. Romansh, the language that has gained new recognition in the process leading to the quadrilingual Swiss Confederation, is considered in most detail. The comparison of the Romance minorities shows the different starting conditions from which they have developed and the various initiatives undertaken to organize them at private and state levels. The last decades have been characterized by concerns about maintaining language territories, development of mass media in minority languages as well as promotion of minority languages in education. The trend towards a more ethnolinguistic conception of Switzerland has recently been counterbalanced by the greater attention paid to the promotion of minority languages outside their traditional areas.


This paper aims to investigate the contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) to local economic growth in Indonesia in the period 2008-2017, as it provided a critical backbone to the development of the data industry in Indonesia, especially mobile data. This study tested a cross-section instrument on 33 provinces in Indonesia. The simultaneous equation model is employed to analyze the effect of ICT on regional economic growth. This study assessed two policy settings, namely direct contribution to access and availability for economic growth, and the indirect impact on labor productivity. The results revealed an increase in the role of ICTs in encouraging regional economic growth in Indonesia, although most provincial areas have limited ICT infrastructure. This paper opens an extended solution to the improvement of ICT infrastructure and emphasizes a better in-depth analysis of ICTs on regional economic growth.


A unified breakdown model of SO I RESU RF device wit h uniform ,ste p ,or linear drift region doping profile is firstly proposed. By t he model ,t he electric field distribution and breakdown voltage are researched in detail for t he step numbers from 0 to infinity. The critic electric field as t he function of t he geometry parameters and doping profile is de2 rived. For t he t hick film device ,linear doping profile can be replaced by a single or two steps doping profile in t he drift re2 gion due to a considerable uniformly lateral electric field ,almost ideal breakdown voltage ,and simplified design and fabrica2 tion. The availabilit y of t he proposed model is verified by t he good accordance among t he analytical results ,numerical simu2 lations ,and reported experiments.


This paper deals with the prblem of estimating simultaneously the parameters (Cell probabilities) of m ≤ 2 independent multinomial distributions, with respect to a quadratic loss functions. An empirical Bayes estimator is proposed which is shown to have smaller risk than the maximum likelihood estimator for sufficiently large values of mq, where q is a measure of the average diversity of the given multinomial populations. Some numerical results are given on the performance of the proposed estimator.


In Eastern Europe, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation is supporting various post-communist states in reforming their mental health systems to ensure equal access to high-quality services in community-based settings. The approach and new care models introduced have proven successful in most of these countries, one of which is Bosnia and Herzegovina.


This paper addresses narratives about the past (but not just) in the contemporary context. The paper assumes the history of historiography as a source to thematize historicities. Historicities will not be treated here as specific to historiography, on the contrary, they are broad and belong to us. The dismantling of UERJ is thus the background of what we live. It entails a living and active tear, which requires reflections on theory and theory teaching in universities. Thus, in speaking of the history of the discipline, we speak of the limit of a project that intended to keep alive modern principles that were being undone. A project that still guides some of our classes. It is necessary to review our principles. The urgency of the present demands that everything that was to be done to be forwarded. At the same time it is not the case to simply nullify previous productions, by the contrary. It is necessary to intensify inheritances as forms as they are paths to disputing narratives in the present. The return to Bakhtin fulfills this role. To speak again of ideology is, above all, an effort to have the history of historiography as the builder of bonds between generations. The question of ideology sets in motion a little of what has been experienced in redemocratization.


The history of development of the earliest sector of national economy mining is examined in the monography. The importance of mining in human history, the prerequisites of its beginning in Russia, including Siberia, as well as the most developed countries of the world are shown. The information on conditions of forming the largest mining basins of our country is given.


Recent NMR studies indicate that vanadium (V) forms coordinate-covalent complexes with aliphatic alcohols. Similarly, kinetic measurements suggest that metavanadate (VO/sub 3//sup -/) reacts with the free OH-group of glycerate-3-P (3-PGA) to form a binary complex which strongly competes with glycerate-2,3-P/sub 2/ (2,3-DPG) for the active site of rabbit muscle phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM). Thus, short-term pre-incubation of PGM with VO/sub 3//sup -/ and 3-PGA followed by 2,3-DPG addition yields an initial lag which gradually develops into an inhibited steady-state reaction velocity. Any other combination of pre-incubation components manifests uninhibited initial velocities which ultimately diminish to inhibited steady-state levels. At constant VO/sub 3//sup -/ concentrations, inhibition increases to a limiting value as a function of 3-PGA (or 2-PGA) concentration. A replot of slope vs. 3-PGA from reciprocal plots (1/v vs. 1/2,3-DPG) at constant VO/sub 3//sup -/ yields an apparent K/sub eg/ of 630 M/sup -1/ for the equilibrium: VO/sub 3/ + 3-PGA = 2-V-3-PGA + E = E x 2-V-3-PGA. 2,3-DPG phosphatase activity of PGM is sigmoidally activated as a function of VO/sub 3//sup -/ concentration. A Hill plot for vanadate activation yields a value of n=2.0, suggesting maximal subunit cooperativity. Half maximal activation occurs at 0.31 mM vanadate.


Conversion of tryptophan to niacin in male weanling albino rats, fed high fat and high fat-high protein, was studied. High fat diet suppressed niacin biosynthesis from administered tryptophan. High protein along with high fat was found to overcome the deleterious effect of high fat on the conversion of tryptophan to niacin. Prolonged feeding of high fat decreased urinary, blood and tissue levels of niacin in rats. It is suggested that the observed effects of high fat feeding might be due to high production of ketone bodies.


We have made substantial progress in experimental and theoretical studies in two areas: Photoinduced donor to acceptor electron transfer followed by back transfer in random solutions; and electronic excitation transport in systems with complex inhomogeneous spatial geometries and inhomogeneous energy distributions. Through the development of accurate statistical mechanical theories, we have been able to relate dynamics in complex systems to experimental observables. We have then used the experimental observables, time resolved fluorescence depolarization and transient grating experiments, to examine well defined molecular systems. The agreement between theory and experiment is excellent. 11 refs.


Abstract Renewable energy, such as solar and wind, is usually connected to a power grid through grid-parallel inverters. The impedance mismatch between the grid and the interfacing circuit often generates harmonic resonances which leads to reduced power quality. Recent studies have shown that the problem can be approached through impedance models that may be obtained by broadband excitation and cross-correlation technique. However, the inverters are affected by the sinusoidal (AC) grid voltage, which necessitates modifications to the state-of-art techniques designed for DC systems. This paper considers the modifications and proposes methods for obtaining impedance models for AC-connected systems.


People's main travel mode is highway travel and individuals utilize private automobiles as their primary means of transportation. Individuals in most European countries make an average of 3 automobile trips a day, traveling between 30 and 40 kilometers in a day. Leisure activities are the major reason for these automobile trips, making up 40% of automobile trips on the road. The second major reason for traveling is commuting to work.


Introduction: Today violence is considered as one of the issues relating to health and occupational safety of the people and is also one of the existing occupational hazards in hospital. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate strategies of reducing violence in hospital from the viewpoint of support-administrative staff to take necessary actions for removing and reducing it using the obtained information. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted qualitatively with semi-structured interview and opinions of 10 authorities and employees of support-administrative units in Alzahra Hospital about violence reducing strategies were collected. Thus, the contents were transcribed after interview and then the interview data was reduced and structured using thematic analysis. Results: Views of the people about necessary strategies and actions for reducing violence in hospital were studied and classified as 46 subthemes and 11 themes in three groups: Necessary action for preventing violence, necessary actions at time of violence and necessary actions after violence. Conclusion: Considering high prevalence of violence in hospitals and although it is not possible to remove violence completely, this issue should be considered by the policymakers in the country, suitable reporting system and a proper instruction for preventing and confronting with violence should be prepared in the hospitals and necessary actions particularly necessary actions after violence which have been neglected so far should be taken to reduce probability of stress and violence in hospital considerably.


High-precision cross sections and analyzing powers have been measured for proton-proton bremsstrahlung at an incident energy of 190 MeV. A large part of the total reaction phase space has been covered in two separate measurements in which all reaction products were detected. Photon angular distributions for a number of proton angle combinations are presented and compared to theoretical models. The discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical values of the cross sections becomes larger at smaller values of relative energy of the two outgoing protons pointing to the fact that other effects such as those due to the Coulomb force should be investigated more thoroughly. The simplest photonuclear process remains to be fully understood.


The article presents the analysis of the theoretical and legal bases of formation the legal state in modern society. The author of the article views the topical issues in the sphere of formation the legal state in Russia at the beginning of the 21st century.


Some special problems of interacting fields that contain removable divergences are treated in detail. Comparisons with the power series renormalization procedures are made. Examination of the closed forms of the solutions before and after renormalization shows that, in one special case solved, coupling-constant renormalization cannot be obtained by any limiting processes that involve only real values of the unrenormalized coupling constant.


one of the most hazardous places in mines are longwall areas. they emit a considerable amount of methane to the ventilation air. the emission depends on many but mostly known factors. the article presents the research results on changes in the methane concentration along the longwall excavations and longwall. the distributions were obtained based on a measurement experiment at the Zg Brzeszcze mine in Poland. the author's research aimed to experimentally determine the concentration of methane as a function of the length of excavation for the longwall excavations and longwall. As a result, methane concentration trends along the excavations were obtained. the conclusions show the pros and cons of the method used, and it allows to set the right direction in the development of measurement systems and sensors.


Within the framework of pesticide reduction policy, it is necessary to find alternative practices to control wheat diseases. For air-borne diseases such as rusts and powdery mildew, cultivar and species mixtures can reduce severity by 40 to 80% compared to the mean of the pure stands. However, for rain-borne diseases such as septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola, severity may be reduced by only 6 to 27% (de Vallavieille-Pope, 2004). The benefits of cultivar and species mixtures (such as disease management and agronomic performance) rely on combinations of disease pressure, cultural practices (e.g. fertilization), and mixture proportions. The main factors involved in the reduction of disease severity in mixtures are the proportion of susceptible/resistant host leading to the genetic barrier effect, and the induced resistance (Finckh et al., 2000). In the case of foliar fungal disease dispersed by rain splash, a physical barrier to the transfer of splash droplets carrying the spores also contributes to the reduction of the disease severity (Saint-Jean et al., 2008). Thus, in order to control STB epidemics, it is necessary to study the fungus dispersal within mixtures. For the particular case of species mixtures such as cereals/legumes there are nitrogen exchanges between the two components, which leads us to investigate the effects of the nitrogen quantity and origin on the STB development. An experiment was set up at Grignon for several years. Different proportions of a susceptible and a resistant wheat cultivars were tested. Mixtures with the susceptible wheat cultivar and pea were also tested. Two levels of nitrogen supply were applied on each mixture. Diseased surfaces, emergence of necrotic surface, were assessed weekly. Meteorological and spore fluxes were also assessed during the epidemic seasons. Depending on the disease pressure and the direct and indirect nitrogen supply, our findings show that the emergence of leaf necrotic (diseased) surfaces can be reduced by 60% in cultivar mixtures compared to the pure stands.


Movement sequences such as typing or tapping display important interactions among Wnger movements arising from anticipatory motion (prepar- ing for upcoming events) and coupling (non-indepen- dence among Wngers). We examined pianists' Wnger tapping for the inXuence of cognitive chunking pro- cesses and biomechanical coupling constraints. In a synchronization-continuation task, pianists repeat- edly tapped four-Wnger sequences that diVered in terms of the chunks that formed subsequences and in the transitions among physically adjacent or non- adjacent Wngers. Chunking inXuenced intertap inter- vals, regardless of the particular Wngers tapped; the Wnal tap of each chunk was lengthened and less vari- able relative to other taps. The particular Wngers tapped inXuenced peak Wnger heights, consistency of motion, and velocity-acceleration patterns, regard- less of chunking. Thus, cognitive constraints inXu- enced timing, whereas biomechanical factors inXuenced motion trajectories. These Wndings provide an impor- tant caveat for study of anticipatory motion by docu- menting the inXuence of biomechanical coupling on motion trajectories.


This paper examines the sustainability of nongovernmental organisation-type microfinance institutions in Shaanxi province, China in comparison with Grameen Bank, Bangladesh. The findings show that despite geographical restrictions, the selected microfinance service providers have successfully expanded their services to isolated mountainous regions where formal financial institutions were non-existent earlier. They have built a strong financial and informational network with Plan China (country office of Plan International), China Association of Microfinance and women federation (Shaanxi province). However, the lack of funds, limited service provisions and restrictive policy environment shackles the industry from further expansion; necessitating urgent remedial steps for resolving existing barriers and allowing these institutes to participate in China's growth. The undertaking of similar research in other provinces is suggested for a better understanding of the Chinese microfinance sector.


PURPOSE: A method for producing a transgenic animal by UIGD(ultrasound image-guided gene delivery) technique and adenovirus vector is provided to stably express a target protein in brain cells of an mouse embryo. CONSTITUTION: A method for producing a transgenic animal which specifically expresses a target protein in brain cells comprises: a step of preparing a recombinant adenovirus vector containing a promoter and a gene which is operatively linked and encodes target proteins; a step of transfecting the recombinant adenovirus vector to adenovirus-producing cell line to prepare a recombinant adenovirus particles; and a step of exposing uterus of mammalian mother with ultrasonic wave to microinjection of the recombinant adenovirus particles to embryonic ventricle.


Abstract – This paper analyzes the legal regulations, analyzes the existing situation with the guardrail on the roads in relation to the degree of danger of traffic participants, and with measures for the improvement of the traffic safety were proposed. The use of this European norm and its practical application in the fastest time are essential for the state, to raise the level of traffic safety. Keywords – Traffic safety, Guardrail, Legal regulations and Standards.


The proposal for a Fourth Anti-money laundering directive contains overly detailed measures which are justified by the complexity of the matter. However they could be excessively binding when implemented by national legislations, introducing further burdens on intermediaries


WE HAVE previously studied the long-term effects of depot estradiol and testosterone on pituitary-adrenal function in the intact rat (1). It is of considerable importance to know if in addition to mediation through the pituitary, there is any direct action of sex hormones on adrenal cortical function. Several estrogens and androgens, natural and synthetic, have been examined in an in vitro system.


If the key to successful auditing is an experienced person or team, then the creation and use of checklists of mandatory interview subjects and functions must be the audit's handmaiden. Perhaps the most difficult part of operations auditing for the Management Scientist is approach through the behavioral rather than the quantitative dimension. In addition, this has turned out to be an excellent vehicle for training students, as well as a source of valuable case material.


Still in its youth, the World Trade Organization is struggling to deal with the rapid changes of the global community while remaining true to its key equity values. Its focus on economic integration for the world has created its share of critics and supporters, placing more pressure on the organization to complete its goals. This work examines how the organization's fundamental equity values—utilitarian efficiency, society opportunity, and individual liberty of states—has affected their policies and actions. It also examines the opposing opinions of the World Trade Organization, including the views of Bruce E. Moon, author of Dilemmas in International Trade, and Jagdish Bhagwati, author of Don't Cry for Cancun. These views demonstrate the organization's need to address the groups lobbying against its policies in order to live up to its primary equity values. The issue most hindering the organization's pursuits is the dichotomy between developing and developed nations within the organization, which is a problem that must be confronted for utilitarian efficiency and societal opportunity to exist. Developing countries must be given a chance to utilize their capital and succeed within the global economic system in order for free and open trade to be established amongst its members. These overdue improvements will aid the organization in staying true to its views on equity. 2 Rollins Undergraduate Research Journal, Vol. 2 [2010], Iss. 1, Art. 14 http://scholarship.rollins.edu/rurj/vol2/iss1/14 World Trade Organization 4 As the world becomes more intertwined, international organizations have been formed to determine the rules by which the global players must abide. Split into categories of developing and developed, of winners and losers, the nations of the world have sought means to work together in order to gain more societal opportunity and larger benefits for all. One organization in particular, the World Trade Organization, has focused on the economic integration of the world, and has aimed to provide a system that negotiates trade and facilitates cooperation. With its share of supporters and critics, it is an organization that is still in its youth, yet struggling to deal with the rapid changes of the global community. The developing organization is also under pressure to remain true to its equity values of utilitarian efficiency, societal opportunity, and the individual liberty of states. Founded in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) provides the international community with a forum to debate trade negotiations, trade disputes, and trade policies. Through lengthy negotiations amongst its 150 members, the organization has set the global guidelines for the trade of agriculture, textiles, manufactured products and intellectual property. While it makes no attempt to "solve or cause all of the world's problems," the fundamental purpose of the organization is to provide a trade standard and to allow the leaders of the global community to discuss the current and future state of open trade (WTO, 2007). According to its official website, the organization has four overarching policies that have become the main focus over the last decade and a demonstration of its equity values. The first is "assisting developing and transitioning economies." To complete this objective, the WTO has a Training and Technical Cooperation Institute, which teaches the leaders and negotiators of developing countries the details of the current international trade system. The institute also 3 Hughes: World Trade Organization Published by Rollins Scholarship Online, 2010 World Trade Organization 5 provides guidance on trade negotiations, and has courses ranging from "sanitation guidelines" to "building institutional partnerships." This objective provides societal opportunity to developing nations by allowing them an equal basis in negotiations and an equitable understanding of trade policies. The second objective is "specialized help for export production." This policy is carried out through the International Trade Centre, which is run by both the WTO and the UN Conference on Trade and Development. The two organizations work together to explain marketing techniques to developing countries, and to aid them in promoting their exports. This enhances societal opportunity, and also provides for some basic needs as developing countries earn more money through successful exports. The third policy is "cooperation in global economic policy-making." This allows the WTO to collaborate with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to acknowledge that stronger economies allow for more open, globalized trade. A representation of utilitarian efficiency, this objective focuses on the good of the whole, and promotes teamwork amongst nations. The final fundamental objective focuses on individual liberty, and states that the organization must maintain transparency internal and external to the organization in an effort to make each individual aware of its proceedings. This implies that all changes in trade regulations or trade disputes must be presented to all members of the WTO immediately. Secondly, the public has access to these alterations through the website at www.wto.org, and which showcases all of the WTO agreements and documents online (WTO, 2007). These policies are consistently being approached in new ways, as the organization has been in existence for just over twelve years. Established January 1, 1995 in Geneva, Switzerland, the WTO was meant to replace the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Founded 4 Rollins Undergraduate Research Journal, Vol. 2 [2010], Iss. 1, Art. 14 http://scholarship.rollins.edu/rurj/vol2/iss1/14 World Trade Organization 6 in 1948, GATT had begun to show weaknesses due to "loopholes in agriculture, textile, and clothing sectors" that hindered international trade more than it promoted it. GATT members also raised concerns over the institutional structure and possible exploitations of developing countries. Lastly, GATT only dealt with the trade of goods, and as globalization increased, its members became aware of the need for an organization to facilitate the trade in goods, services, and intellectual property. As a result of these complaints, the Uruguay Round Negotiations were held between 1986-1994 to decide upon a new, less exploitative and more encompassing organization. As a result, the current structure of the WTO was put into place (WTO, 2007). Today, the WTO makes decisions through its Ministerial Conference, which consists of 150 official members, including 32 least developed country members, or LCD's, and 8 countries in accession to join the organization. The conference must meet at least once every two years to update trade policies, and has the ability to pass changes once 3/4 of the conference are in agreement. The Ministerial Conference is divided into three main bodies with different tasks. The first is the General Council, which includes The Goods Council, The Services Council, and the Council for Intellectual Property Rights. The second body is the Dispute Settlement Body, and the third is the Trade Policy Review Body. "Different levels of seniority and different levels of expertise" determine which countries will be placed in each of the three sectors of the Ministerial Conference (WTO, 2007). To incorporate a system of checks and balances, the WTO Secretariat was created to control the budget, to "provide technical support for the delegate bodies," and to review "trade performance and trade policy analysis by WTO economists and statisticians." The Secretariat, currently run by Director-General Pascal Lamy, has 630 members and is located in Geneva. The 5 Hughes: World Trade Organization Published by Rollins Scholarship Online, 2010 World Trade Organization 7 current budget is $175 million, and a section of those finances are dedicated to "providing legal assistance to resolve trade disputes," and to dealing with accession negotiations for countries that wish to join the WTO (WTO, 2007). Incentive to join the organization is rather high, as members have the benefit of increased political and economic stability through the WTO. Just by participating in open, global trade, countries have the opportunity to "cut the costs of living" by buying cheaper imported products, "stimulate economic growth," and "provide more choices of products and quality" to its citizens. Politically, the WTO argues "the system encourages good government" by holding leaders accountable for their decisions, and "shields governments from lobbying" by aiding the country in making decisions for the good of the entire economy—not just one interest group. The WTO also claims that increased "international confidence and cooperation" leads to global peace that can only be attained through free and open trade (WTO, 2007). Open trade through the WTO, however, is not completely free. To gain membership, a country must first hand over all of its documentation regarding trade and the economy. This information is analyzed by WTO members to ascertain whether or not the country is in compliance with current international trade policy. Once the country is sufficiently within the trade guidelines, bilateral negotiations begin between the joining country and the WTO. These negotiations must "determine the benefits other WTO members can expect when the new member joins." These complex negotiations involve discussions on trade commitments, tariffs and accessibility. The results of the bilateral negotiations are formally written and signed, and then must be approved by 2/3 of the members of the Ministerial Conference before the joining member can be accepted. These decisions are highly influenced by the "G-6," or the six most 6 Rollins Undergraduate Research Journal, Vol. 2 [2010], Iss. 1, Art. 14 http://scholarship.rollins.edu/rurj/vol2/iss1/14 World Trade Organization 8 powerful members of the WTO. The G-6 includes the United States


By using"investigation blind angle" as the breakthrough point via language material, philosophy of law and language philosophy as the guidance for epistemology, meanwhile, absorbing and learning from forensic science, linguistics, law and computer science in order to discuss the theoretical basis, this article uses principles of criminal investigation as the practical operation support to analyze its application value via language feature duality to develop the formation of investigation officer or trainee's logical reasoning ability and humanistic qualities, then to lay the foundation for language forensic science.


Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) grown naturally in Anatolia. In this study, some physico-chemical (sugar, acid, protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash etc.) characteristics and mineral composition of Gilaburu fruit have been investigated. The length, width, thickness, weight, total soluble solid, protein, crude ash, crude fiber and crude oil of fruit were found to be 1.12 cm, 1.58 cm, 1.87 cm, 0.87 g, 14.73 %, 0.2 %, 0.11 %, 6.56 % and 0.4 %, respectively. The seed of fruit mean weight, length, width and thickness were determinated as 0.08 g, 7.76 cm, 7.67 cm and 1.66, respectively. In addition 27 mineral elements (Al, Mg, Na, Ba, Ca, Ni, Cd, P, Cr, Pb, S, Cu, Se, Fe, K, Sr, Li, Z, V, Ag, Bi, Co, Mn, B, Ga, In, Ti) were analyzed. Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.) fruit was richest in potassium (10764.764 ppm), Mg (1289.088 ppm) and P (1304.169 ppm). Keywords—Gilaburu (Viburnum opulus L.), nutritional properties, physico-chemical properties.


The destruction of the environment caused by the pollution of the environment certainly leads to the change of the radiant specific property of the electromagnetic wave of surface features. This alteration concretely expresses in the spectrum variation of water, soil and vegetation. This article, combining with the spectrum test of the mine, analyses and discusses the different categories of surface features, the spectrum variation caused by pollution and the optimum wave band applied to the environmental monitoring of the mine. And give proposals for the selection of the wave band of the sensor and designs.


The linearly polarized Cu L3 XANES (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure) spectra of several high Tc superconductor single crystals and of their parent insulating compounds have been measured. The spectra have been interpreted in the frame of the full multiple scattering (MS) theory in the real space. Over a range of 40 eV, the polarized Cu L3 XANES spectra have been predicted in term of a one-electron dipole (Δl=+1) transitions, probing the partial density of states of the conduction bands projected on the Cu site with the selected orbital angular momentum l=2 and their projections ml. The oscillator strenght for the dipole allowed transitions Δl=-1 has been found to be a factor 100 weaker than the Cu 2p to 3d transitions. The physical origin of all features in the continuum XANES spectra and the effect of the electron-hole Coulomb interaction in the final states have been identified. The difference spectra between the metal and the insulating phase allows to identify the symmetry of the itinerant 3d9L states induced by doping, that is deduced to be a mixture of Cu 3d holes with ml=0, and 2 orbital angular momentum and oxygen 2p holes on planar oxygen in the molecular orbital combination of local a1 and b1 symmetry. Evidence for the more delocalized character of (3d9x2-y2 ) L(b1) states versus the more localized character of (3d3z2-r2 ) L(a1) states has been found.


Next generation ground based γ‐ray observatories such as AGIS1 and CTA2 are expected to cover a 1 km2 area with 50–100 imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. The stereoscopic view ol air showers using multiple view points raises the possibility to use a topological array trigger that adds substantial flexibility, new background suppression capabilities and a reduced energy threshold. In this paper we report on the concept and technical implementation of a fast topological trigger system, that makes use of real time image processing of individual camera patterns and their combination in a stereoscopic array analysis. A prototype system is currently under construction and we discuss the design and hardware of this topological array trigger system.


Introduction Serum consists of water (93% of serum volume) and non aqueous components, mainly lipids and proteins (7% of serum volume) . Sodium is restricted to serum water. In states of hyperlipidaemia or hyperprotenaemia, there is an increased mass of non aqueous components of serum and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of serum composed of water. The term pseudohyponatraemia refers to the apparently low sodium concentration found in plasma when blood specimens with high concentration of either lipid or protein are analysed by tradional methods. Pseudohyponatraemia secondary to hypercholesterolaemia is a rare condition. In the diagnostic approach for the patients with hyponatraemia, it should always be differentiated during the initial steps. High concentration of intravascular protein or lipid ' dilute ' the plasma sodium concentration, but do not alter the solute concentrations of intracellular or interstitial fluid compartments. Thus hyponatraemia assosiated with hyperlipidaemia or hyperprotenamia can be considered artifactual. Case report Two years old boy was evaluated for seven weeks history of cholestatic Jaundice. During the workup for cholestasis, a significant drop in serum sodium, 120 mmol/L was noted. Child was asymptomatic apart from Jaundice. Serum Cholesterol level was significantly raised to 52.2 mmol/L (normal 2 - 5). Triglyceride and LDL was unavailable due to icterus, HDL was 0.45 (normal 1–2) . A concomitant Sodium level checked on Spot gas analyser was 139 mmol/L (normal). Other Labs included raised ALT, AST, total bilurubin, alkaline phosphatase and Gamma GT, slightly low total protein and albumin. Viral Hepatitis screen was negative. Autoantibodies negative. Serum Ceruloplasmins, alphafetoproteins, and alpha1 antitrypsin levels were normal. Abdominal Ultrasound showed Fatty liver without biliary dilatation. Needle liver biopsy showed paucicity of bile ducts. Comprehensive genetic testing did not reveal a cause for his cholestasis. Later on, he also developed xanthomata on his fingers. A final diagnosis of Cholestasis with bile duct paucity of unknown aetiology was made. LFT remained abnormal six months into the illness and is under followup by Gastroenterologist. Repeat Liver biopsy showed disease progression. He is on Ursodeoxycholic acid, AquaDEK and oral vitamin K. Conclusion This case shows that hypercholesterolemia can cause pseudohyponatraemia. It highlights that If there is any suspicion regarding a low serum Sodium in the presence of cholestasis, a serum Sodium should be re tested using blood gas analyser as this method is not subject to interference from hypercholesterolaemia.


Component mounting apparatus and method. Be arranged in two components comprising suctioning, a case where a series of component mounting operation of the mounting unit (MU1, MU2) identifying components and components installed in either one of two mounting unit mounting unit Component identification performed during or board recognizing operation, any other control unit so that the operation of mounting the component mounting or component holding suction is not performed.


At low catalyst loadings of Pd(OAc)2 (0.25-2.0 mol%) with PMI as ligand, aryl/heteroaryl chlorides or bromides are efficiently aminated by ammonia or primary and secondary amines.


Wayne State College is the perfect place to earn a degree in biology or chemistry before entering occupational therapy school. Our pre-occupational therapy program will help set you on the path to the occupational therapy school of your choice.


This study investigates the ozonation of Nonylphenol(NP) in aqueous solution.The affecting factors on the degradation of NP were studied and described in details,such as initial NP concentration,initial pH value and ozone concentration.The results indicated that the degradation efficiency of NP was dependent on the pH value.The higher of pH value was,the higher degradation efficiency of NP in water at pH value over range of 3.0~9.0.The degradation efficiency increased with increasing initial concentration of NP over the range of 5~20 mg/L.The degradation efficiency increased with increasing concentration of O3.In addition,some parameters such as pH,electrical conductivity and degradation products were monitored during the process.During the ozonation process the rapid decrease of pH and the sharp increase of electrical conductivity indicated the formation of acidic by-products were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).


A strain of Pediococcus pentosaceus was screened from fermented soy sauce mash.The growth characteristics such as growth temperature,growth pH and salt resistance of this strain were investigated.Organic acids in culture broth were determined by ion chromatography.In addition,the inoculation of this strain during the second fermentation phase of low-salt solid-state soy sauce was studied by using original broth without lactic acid bacteria as control.Physiochemical properties and economic index of soy sauce samples were analyzed,and volatile aroma components were collected by HS-SPME and analyzed by GC-MS.The results indicated that the growth conditions of this strain were suitable for the fermentation environment of soy sauce mash.The major organic acids fermented by this strain were lactic acid and caproic acid,which were consistent with major organic acids of soy sauce.The inoculation of Pediococcus pentosaceus during the second fermentation phase of low-salt solid-state soy sauce exhibited an important improvement effect on volatile aroma components,physiochemical properties and economic index.


This paper comes within the scope of a research program concerning with the reduction of the squeal noise generated by high power railway disc brakes. It focuses on the numerical results provided by a finite element model of the brake including unilateral contact and Coulomb friction at the disc/pad interfaces. In particular, the dynamic stability of the sliding equilibrium is investigated by performing a complex eigenvalue analysis of the linearized equations verified by the structural displacement fields. Complex eigenvalues and complex modes are used to estimate the squeal propensity of the brake in a given frequency range. The effect of various mechanical and geometrical parameters is studied in order to better understand the mechanism leading to the system instability.


Adolescents and young people are particularly vulnerable to contracting STIs, including HSV-2; furthermore, vaginal shedding of HSV-2 during pregnancy can cause vertical transmission and neonatal herpes. To evaluate the seroprevalence of HSV-2 and vaginal HSV-2 shedding in adolescent and young pregnant women, a cross-sectional study was carried out in 496 pregnant women—adolescents and young women. Venous blood and vaginal exudate samples were taken. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was determined by ELISA and Western blot. Vaginal HSV-2 shedding was assessed by qPCR of the HSV-2 UL30 gene. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 in the study population was 8.5% (95% CI 6–11), of which 38.1% had vaginal HSV-2 shedding (95% CI 22–53). Young women presented a higher seroprevalence of HSV-2 (12.1%) than adolescents (4.3%), OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.59–7.23. Frequent alcohol consumption was significantly associated with HSV-2 seroprevalence, OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.27–6.99. Vaginal HSV-2 shedding is highest in the third trimester of pregnancy, but this difference is not significant. The seroprevalence of HSV-2 in adolescents and young women is similar to that previously reported in other studies. However, the proportion of women with vaginal shedding of HSV-2 is higher during the third trimester of pregnancy, increasing the risk of vertical transmission.


This paper presents the demands of the knowledge economy for the sports concept talents and explains the characteristics of the sports comcept talents,and then delves into the significance of and the approaches to the training of the sports comcept talents in the era of knowledge economy. It aims to provide bases for the sustainable development of our national sports undertakings.


Computational tools for examining data obtained from area detectors are described. These programs use a raster terminal as a frame buffer to display images helpful in the analysis of X-ray diffraction data frames and to display images diagnostic of potential problems during data collection or processing.


In health care networks, Internet of Things connects the patients with doctors and nurses through various devices effectively. The Wireless Body Area Networks play a vital role in the health care networks unlike most existing methods. WBAN communication is the method of transmitting information between WBANgateways and the medical centers. In this method, a gateway is assigned for a single patient and various medical packets are aggregated at each gateway. Their medical conditions are immediately reported to the base station with different priority levels based on their emergency. The base station forms the uplink WBAN transmissions by forming a queuing system which specifies the medicalgrade Quality of Service requirements depending upon the priority of medical importance. The natural device intelligence of smart gateways in IoT-based networks designs an efficient and truthful mechanism to prevent gateways from misreporting the priority levels of medical packets. By incentivizing the base station, it manages the transmission scheduling in the desired manner by guaranteeing all gateways to honestly report the actual priority levels of the packets. Both theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can meet all the requirements in terms of packet transmission.


Intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumors (IMMT) carrying an EWSR1-CREB gene family fusion are extremely rare and have only been identified in ten relatively recent reported cases. There is some question as to whether this is a novel entity, or a myxoid variant of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH), given certain histopathological similarities. Despite these similarities, the increasing number of cases reported appear to demonstrate clear histological differences that indicate IMMTs are a distinct and novel entity. Previous reports have focused on histological analysis but have lacked detailed long-term clinical follow-up and recommendations regarding treatment approach. In this case, we describe a 48-year-old female who presented with a left intraventricular mass that was identified histologically as an IMMT with an EWSR1-ATF1 gene fusion. Following initial resection, the tumor demonstrated local recurrence. Repeat resection was performed followed by immediate demonstration of local, as well as distant, tumor recurrence. Subsequent histological analysis of the tumor demonstrated a myxoid mesenchymal tumor clearly distinct from AFH. Fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy was administered following the second resection and tumor control was achieved at 1 year. This case is particularly remarkable as it is only the second reported IMMT case to occur in a middle-aged adult, with all other cases occurring in children or young adults. The two middle-aged adult cases share striking similarities in clinical presentation, including a history of breast cancer. Our findings indicate that an intracranial myxoid mesenchymal tumor is a novel and rare entity that may demonstrate rapid local and distant recurrence. Given the aggressive recurrence seen with the presented case, we recommend the treatment plan to be surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation therapy to maintain tumor control.


[Objective] To construct recombinant adenoviral vector carrying HBcAg gene by homologous recombination in bacteria and to detect its expression in vitro.[Methods] HBV C genes were amplified by PCR and were cloned to adenoviral shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV.Then the resultant pAdTrack-CMV-HBc was cotransfected into BJ5183 bacteria with the plasmid pAdeasy-1.The adenoviral plasmid carrying HBV C gene(pAd-HBc) was generated with homologous recombination in bacteria and the adenoviruses were produced in 293 cells.Several kinds of mammal cells(293 cells,Vero cells,HepG2 and MSCs) were infected with adenoviruses and the expression of HBcAg was detected by RT-PCR and FACS in vitro.[Results] The adenoviral plasmids pAd-HBc were obtained by selection for kanamycin resistance and confirmed by restriction endonuclease PacⅠanalyses.The recombinant adenoviruses Ad-HBc were packaged successfully in 293 cells.The titer of Ad-HBc was up to 5×109 pfu/mL after the second generation of proliferation in 293 cells.HBcAg were expressed efficiently in mammal cells after infection.[Conclusion] The recombinant adenoviruses expressing HBcAg were constructed successfully and can be used in further study of gene therapy for HBV.


The SWAT model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was applied for simulating the hydrologic pattern of Paraopeba river basin, in Minas Gerais state, under different land use and occupation scenarios, looking to support basin management actions. The model parameters were calibrated and validated, with respect to the data observed from 1983 to 2005. The basin was assessed at the 'Porto do Mesquita' gauging station and change in land use and occupation was based on the annual growth scenarios proposed in the partial report of Paraopeba basin's master plan. The model was found to be highly sensitive to basefl ow, its main calibration variable. Statistical analyses produced a Nash-Sutcliffe coeffi cient above 0.75, which is considered good and acceptable. The SWAT model provided satisfactory results in simulating hydrologic pattern under different scenarios of land use change, demonstrating that it can be applied for forecasting discharge in the aforesaid basin. The current land use scenario provided a peak discharge simulation of 1250 m3 s-1, while in years 2019 and 2029 peak discharge simulations were 1190 m3 s-1 and 1230 m3 s-1 respectively. The 2019 scenario provided the best results with respect to basefl ow increase and peak discharge reduction.


Legal aspects of takeovers with foregin element and analysis of conducted proceedings is topic of this paper. Paper analyses need for regulation in proceedings for taking over joint stock companies, the development of national laws related with takerovers in Croatia, and how taking over joint stock companies is regulated at present moment. Second part of paper is analyse of takeover cases with foregin element.


Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (INETS) [1-3] has been used to investigate the interactions of the known polymerization catalyst, Zr(BH4)4 supported on Al2O3, with cyclohexene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene and benzene. Results of the interactions of the Zr(BH4)4 catalyst with the Al2O3 support itself, and with the Supported Zr(BH4)4 exposed to D2, D2O, H2O, ethylene, propylene and acetylene have been reported previously [4-6]. A particularly significant result of these previous studies was the observation that polymer formation occurred upon interaction of the supported Zr(BH4)4 with acetyelene at elevated temperatures.


Experimental investigations have been carried out on natural convective flows over a heated L-corner in which the vertical plate was shorter than the horizontal plate. Special interest was paid to the fluid flow and heat transfer around the vertical plate. The height of vertical plates, H, were varied as H=10-150mm. The width of horizontal plate was 350mm constant. The test fluid was water. The flow fields and the surface temperatures were visualized with fluorescent dye and liquid crystal thermometry, respectively. The local heat transfer coefficients of the vertical plate were also measured. The result shows that the recirculating flow appears irregularly around the vertical plate when H is less than 30mm. It is also found that the local heat transfer coefficients show a maximum at H/2 when the recirculating flow appears around the vertical plate.


Untreated plaque results in periodontal inflammation that can cause irreversible tissue and bone damage and loss of teeth. This article describes the inflammatory process of periodontal disease and risk factors associated with it


Simulated annealing algorithm is an efficient approach for wireless sensor node placement which has been proved to be a combinatorial optimization problem.By taking into the consideration of the limitations of the traditional simulated annealing algorithms in the generation process of wireless sensors' layout,the layout scheme is generated by saving the current optimal layout and flexibly setting annealing temperature.The wireless sensor layout scheme generation flow and algorithm pseudocode which uses this algorithm are given.Through extensive experiments,the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated to be practical and efficient.


Abstract: Ausonius was interested in exploring the theme of travel. The Mosella, that he wrote about his journey towards Trier, is a reconstruction of reality. In the Ordo Vrbium Nobilium, Ausonius writes a collection that exists more as a virtual travel than a praise of cities. But under the caracteristics of the city, we can see an exploration of different genres and styles used by Ausonius. The poet brings the lector in an encrypted itinerary that works as the construction of a poetic art.


Numerical simulations have, for the first time to our knowledge, been carried out to characterize the Yb3 + –Tm3 + co-doped silica fibre laser (YTFL), defined by a fibre grating and an end mirror, by using the rate equations, which take into consideration both the energy transfer processes from Yb3 + to Tm3 + ions and the cross-relaxation processes among different Tm3 + ions. A dual-wavelength pumping scheme with one at 805 nm and the other at 975 nm is used to pump the YTFL. We have investigated the wavelength-dependent output power of the YTFL, from 1750 to 2200 nm, which takes its maximum output power at ∼ 1800 nm. The effect of the cross-relaxation processes in the Tm3 + -doped silica fibre laser has been studied. The results indicate that these processes are beneficial to the laser and should be considered in the theoretical modelling. The influence of the Yb3 + concentration on the characteristics of the YTFL has also been analysed and the results show that Yb3 + dopants can improve the output power and slope efficiency of the laser.


Probabilistic models of equivalent geometrical imperfections suitable to analysis of steel buildings frames are under consideration. Statistically based models of equivalent imperfections, besides of application in structural reliability analysis, should be taken as basis of verification of equivalent imperfection formulas and rules of introducing imperfections into frame calculations proposed in different Standards. Column random equivalent initial bow was obtained in this paper utilizing randomization of buckling coefficient in well-known deterministic formula of equivalent initial bow. Problem of random equivalent initial tilt of frame was considered for spatial mechanical model of skeletal structure, braced by rigid floor disks, using results of existing buildings geodesic measurements statistical analysis. In the paper assessment of random initial tilts and initial bows joint effect is commented.


This study aimed to investigate the influence of different storage media on the shear bond strength and the risk of enamel fracture of human teeth measured in vitro. A total of 360 teeth stored in 96% ethanol and 360 teeth stored in 0.1% thymol solution were bonded with Fascination® and Fascination®2 brackets (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany) (360 per group) using 3 different light curing units and 3 different adhesives. Debonding was performed according to International Standards Organization specification DIN EN ISO 10477 using a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The teeth stored in 0.1% thymol solution showed significantly higher shear bond strengths ( P U test) (median, 16.7 MPa) than teeth stored in 96% ethanol (median, 13.2 MPa). The teeth stored in 0.1% thymol solution showed significantly less enamel fractures than the teeth stored in 96% ethanol solution ( P


The Nevada Wildlife Action Plan approach to wildlife conservation is based on 22 individual key habitat conservation strategies. The approach includes objectives and actions within these strategies addressing habitats as well as species assemblages and the needs of individual species. Each strategy includes basic information describing the habitats, their values to wildlife, land uses within these habitats, and problems facing species and habitats. This provides background and support for the goals, objectives, and actions that follow. The objectives and actions are a culmination of existing conservation plans, where available, and represent feedback received from multiple meetings with species experts and conservation partners during the development of the Nevada WAP. Finally, each strategy includes a list of the key conservation partners, programs, and projects, and identifies preliminary focal areas. The basic key habitat outline is provided below for general reference.


Nowadays, computer networks are widely used. Besides the convenience, people also feel the pressure of network viruses and hackers. At present, in the process of fighting against network security threats, traditional defense measures have been difficult to meet. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of computer network security under cloud computing technology, and for the future of cloud computing high-quality network storage system can be gradually optimized. In this paper, from the cloud computing and network security storage system two aspects of the computer network security storage performance analysis and design; Then from the design framework, through careful design, to ensure the reliability and security of data upload, storage.


This paper aims at defining an efficient test strategy for switched-current circuit testing. Taking into account the specificity of these circuits, we propose an original structural test technique as an alternative to traditionally-used functional verification. This technique is validated both at the cell and block levels. Test results demonstrate that a high fault coverage can be achieved with a low cost test procedure. A mixed strategy combining benefits of functional and structural approaches is derived.


The "late" Jewish apocalypses of 4Ezra and 2Baruch , usually dated to the very end of first century or beginning of second century ce, and considered to have been composed in Palestine in either Hebrew or Aramaic, are often thought to represent a transitional period in the history of ancient Judaism between the end of the Second Temple period and the beginnings of rabbinic Judaism. Although both 4Ezra and 2Baruch are composite texts that include a variety of literary forms, two stand out in the overall structure of these texts, with both functioning as central media of revelation: visions and dialogues. The author reads these texts from the perspective of someone more schooled in early rabbinic literature than in apocalyptic literature, in order to see what lines of similarity and difference might emerge, without presuming any direct contact or familiarity between the two, or any overall confluence of form or content. Keywords: 2Baruch ; 4Ezra ; Jewish apocalypses; Judaism; rabbinic literature; revelation; Second Temple period


The performance of attributes control charts (such as c and np charts) is usually evaluated under the assumption of known process parameters (i.e., the nominal proportion of nonconforming units or the nominal number of nonconformities). However, in practice, these process parameters are rarely known and have to be estimated from an in‐control phase I data set. In this paper, we derive the run length properties of the phase II synthetic c and np charts with estimated parameters, and we investigate the number m of phase I samples that would be necessary for these charts in order to obtain similar in‐control average run lengths as in the known parameters case. We also propose new specific chart parameters that allow these charts to have approximately the same in‐control average run lengths as the ones obtained in the known parameter case. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Conversely to rodents, the involvement of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the control of nutrition is poorly understood in ruminants such as sheep. Therefore, the aim of this work was to describe the NPY neurons of the diencephalon in ewes submitted to different diets. In colchicine‐treated animals, large populations of NPY‐immunoreactive (‐ir) neurons were observed in a ventral and a lateral subpopulation of the infundibular nucleus (IN), in the median eminence, the pituitary stalk, and the dorsomedian and dorsocaudal nuclei. No labeled perikaryon was observed in the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus, although numerous labeled fibers were noted in the neural part of the pituitary. The pattern of distribution of NPY‐ir neurons in the sheep hypothalamus is similar in many ways to those of rodents, but it presents also many specific characteristics that have not been previously described. In ewes that were fasted for 24 hours, or fed ad libitum, the number of NPY‐ir neurons was the same whatever the hypothalamic structures. In underfed ewes (40% of maintenance for 24 weeks), the lateral subpopulation of the IN presented a higher number of NPY‐ir neurons than observed in the 100% fed ewes. Conversely, in the ventral subpopulation, the animals refed ad libitum (at least 150% of maintenance for 4 days) presented a lower number of NPY‐ir neurons than the other groups. The other NPY neuronal populations of the hypothalamus were not significantly modified by the dietary treatments. For the first time, we demonstrated the presence of two functionally distinct subpopulations of NPY neurons in the sheep IN. The variations of labeled neurons were correlated with plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels but not with leptinemia. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:129–143, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Our motive, the task of unsupervised topic segmentation of speech data operating over raw acoustic information. In contrast to existing algorithms for topic segmentation of speech, our approach does not require input transcripts. Our method predicts topic changes by analyzing the distribution of reoccurring acoustic patterns in the speech signal corresponding to a single speaker. The algorithm robustly handles noise inherent in acoustic matching by intelligently aggregating information about the similarity profile from multiple local comparisons. Our experiments show that audio-based segmentation compares favorably with transcript based segmentation computed over noisy transcripts. These results demonstrate the desirability of our method for applications where a speech recognizer is not available, or its output has a high word error rate. Also, this paper describes methods for automatically locating points of significant change in music or audio by analyzing local self-similarity. This method can find individual note boundaries or even natural segment boundaries such as verse/c hours or speech/music transitions, even in the absence of cues such as silence. This approach uses the signal to model itself, and thus does not rely on particular acoustic cues nor requires training. Here present a wide variety of applications, including indexing, segmenting, and beat tracking of music and audio. The method works well on a wide variety of audio sources.


Over the last decade, Baltimore has become a non-traditional Sanctuary City, receiving an unprecedented influx of Latino immigrants. Undocumented immigrants, especially ones coming from Central America's Northern Triangle, are often exposed to traumatic experiences before, during and after migration, increasing their risk of mental health distress. The purpose of the study was to explore the nature and frequency of healthcare utilization for mental health problems among Latinos who received outpatient care at the Johns Hopkins Hospital between July 2012 and June 2015. We performed a descriptive analysis of Latino participants in The Access Partnership of Johns Hopkins Medicine (TAP) program. The TAP program covers primary and specialty services to uninsured patients living within zip codes in the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Bayview catchment area without regard to documentation status. We assessed the frequency of visits for symptoms and conditions associated with mental health diagnoses. Among all health conditions, mental health disorder was the most common diagnostic category and accounted for 14.88% of all encounters. Within this category, mood disorders (78%) and anxiety disorders (16%) were the most prevalent diagnoses. This descriptive study presents a unique opportunity to explore the burden and nature of mental health disorders among an emerging Latino community for which health care information is rarely attainable. The high use of mental health services in this population highlights the need to develop culturally competent screening mechanisms and interventions to address the stressors faced by emergent Latino communities.


The challenges of the existing industry to remain competitive have prompted the exploration of novel techniques that increase production, lessen waste, and enhance efficiency. The term "Industry 4.0" describes a new way of thinking about how technology might be used in manufacturing, mainly related to the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). One of the main objectives of this fourth industrial revolution is the complete digitalization of the manufacturing chain in order to realize the interconnection of people, machines and devices. In light of this revolution, the investigation of an automatic balancing system (ABS) is something that interests us. In fact, an ABS is utilized to monitor and control three-phase loads in real time. The objective of this paper is to propose and implement a relay-based automatic balancing system using single-board computers (SBCs) as the main element to control the system operations, where sensors measure parameters like current, voltage, power, etc., in a three-phase load. The proposed system is capable of balancing the three-phase load by automatically switching the load phases between them, thus avoiding unbalanced load operation and the resulting problems.


The role of feedback control in software and information system development has traditionally focused on a milestone plan to deliver a pre-specified set of capabilities within a negotiated budget and schedule. One of the most powerful approaches available for controlling traditional software projects is called the Earned Value system. However, the Earned Value Management process is generally good for tracking whether a project is meeting its original plan. It becomes difficult to administer if the project plans change rapidly. And more significantly it has absolutely nothing to say about the actual value being earned for the organization by the results of the project. This chapter begins by summering a set of four nested feedback and feedforward loops that have been successfully used to scope, estimate, control, and improve the predictability and efficiency of software development and evolution. It then proposes an alternative approach for project feedback control. It focuses on the actual stakeholder value likely to be earned by completing the project. And a framework is provided for monitoring and controlling value in terms of a Benefits Realization Approach [Thorp, 1998] and business case analysis. An order processing system is used as an example to illustrate the value-based feedback control mechanisms. At the end of this chapter, it presents the conclusions and directions for future research and development.


The Assessment of Marriage, Couples, and Family Counseling Competencies (AMCFCC) is an evaluation tool designed to measure marriage, couples, and family counseling trainees' (MCF-CIT) learning outcomes in essential counseling and specialized competencies. The AMCFCC was developed to align with the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) standards, as well as the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy Marriage and Family Therapy Core Competencies (MFT-CC). In this manuscript, we (a) present the need for the development of an AMCFCC; (b) introduce the AMCFCC; and (c) offer implications for preparation programs using the AMCFCC and areas for future research.


The face of the automotive industry is being re-shaped by concerns over oil supplies, international policy and fuel costs. A wide variety of hybrid technologies are now available including discussion of hydrogen possibilities. The solar powered cycle, one of the oldest alternative energy vehicle, has many applications to the emerging electric vehicle market. The development of a telemetry system for a solar powered bicycle aids in a better understanding of the energy usage of a vehicle and the aspects applicable to electric vehicles as a whole. This paper surveys the history and future of solar and electric vehicles and provides an overview of a typical solar bicycle .Both the types of a bicycle are being covered/implemented with zeolite crystals for maximum heat absorption during day-light. The zeolite crystals are responsible for maximum heat absorption and the heat energy is being converted into electrical energy by the semiconductor panel constituting (Gallium Arsenide/Silicon) crystals.


Abstract The limits and possible subdivision of Aleurodiscus s.l. into Acanthobasidium, Acanthofungus, Acanthophysellum, Aleurobotrys, Aleurocystidiellum, Aleurodiscus s.s., and Gloeosoma were evaluated. Molecular characters were obtained from an approximately 980 base pair fragment at the 5' end of the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA, in 33 strains representing 23 species of Aleurodiscus s.l., Stereum, Xylobolus, and Megalocystidium leucoxanthum. Published sequences of 20 additional species of the russuloid clade were also included. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Aleurodiscus s.l., Megalocystidium leucoxanthum, Stereum and Xylobolus form a monophyletic group, which may be classified as the family Stereaceae. Corticium roseum, which is the type species of the Corticiaceae, is not in this group, thus Stereaceae is not synonymous with Corticiaceae. Aleurocystidiellum is supported as a monophyletic group. Acanthobasidium, which is characterized by pleurobasidia, is also monophyletic. Aleurodiscus s.s. is supported as monophyletic, but Gloeosoma is not, and the two are not congeneric. The importance of amyloid acanthophyses for recognizing Aleurobotrys is suspect, and its generic status should be further studied. Most of the smooth-spored species form a monophyletic group. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that there has been homoplasy in most of the characters that have been used to subdivide Aleurodiscus s.l., including spore ornamentation, hymenial color, hyphal septation, clamp connections, acanthophyses, and phenoloxidase reactions.


Gullies are significant contributors of sediment to streams in the southeastern USA. This study investigated gully erosion in the clay-rich soils of east Tennessee under a humid subtropical climate. The aims of this study were to (1) estimate long-term erosion rates for different gully geomorphic settings, (2) compare patterns of erosion for the different settings, and (3) model the response of gully erosion to freeze-thaw events. Erosion was measured weekly from June 2012 to August 2018 using 105 erosion pins distributed in gully channels, interfluves, and sidewalls. Erosion rates were estimated from average slopes of lines of best fit of pin lengths versus time. Maximum and minimum temperature was calculated daily using an on-site weather station and freeze-thaw events were identified. Gully erosion was modeled using antecedent freeze-thaw activity for the three geomorphic settings. Long-term erosion rates in channels, interfluves, and sidewalls were 2.5 mm/year, 20 mm/year, and 21 mm/year, respectively; however, week-by-week erosion was statistically different between the three settings, indicating different erosive drivers. Models of erosion with lagged freeze-thaw variables explained up to 34.8% of the variability in erosion variables; sidewall erosion was most highly related to freeze-thaw activity. Freeze-thaw in prior weeks was an important variable in all erosion models.


In his book Knibbeler presents his own method or, rather, as he claims, approach, to language teaching, which he calls the Explorative-Creative Way. This approach actually synthesizes a number of ideas and assumptions derived from humanistic trends in education (especially as implemented by the four contemporary language teaching methods known as the Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Community Language Learning, and Confluent Education) and from Krashen and Terrell's Natural Approach. Accordingly, the main tenets of Knibbeler's model, presented in the form of 10 operating principles, emphasize such aspects of the teaching/learning process as exploration, creativity, motivation to communicate, affectivity, economy, level-appropriate input, autonomy, risk-taking, self-confidence, and listening to oneself. Thus, as can be seen, Knibbeler's model conforms very much to the contemporary language learning/teaching paradigm and, although the author does not explicitly say so, it can be also subsumed under the generally conceived communicative approach to language teaching. By selecting a number of important affective and communicative elements from several contemporary language teaching methods, Knibbeler has certainly succeeded in developing an approach to language teaching that is internally coherent, modern, interesting, and workable. The main principles of this approach are fairly well justified theoretically and interestingly illustrated by samples of actual classroom techniques and procedures. It is also one of the merits of the book that the author's argumentation is presented in a clear, straightforward, and easy-to-follow style. I would argue, however, that this approach is neither as efficient nor as universally applicable as the author assumes. I do not agree with the author's assumption that allowing the learner to discover the target language by trial and error makes for high educational efficiency. The process of hypothesis formation and testing is the only possibility for a young child acquiring his or her LI or for a naturalistic second language learner, but this does not mean that it is the most efficient procedure in all educational settings, especially in those where the exposure to the L2 is very limited. The whole value of education consists in the fact that we can improve on naturalistic processes and employ more efficient procedures. Language is very highly conventionalized in all its subsystems; in everyday communication, especially in the realization of various communicative functions, we rely very heavily on formulaic speech and are not at all as creative and innovative as many contemporary language educators seem to think. This fact points to the necessity of memorizing lots of large, ready-made chunks of the language and to the tremendous role of memory processes in language learning. Therefore, in many educational contexts, providing learners, in a planned and systematic manner, with language models; having them memorize their most important elements through various pre-communicative, reproductive activities, and only then placing them in simulated communication situations is a much more efficient approach than allowing learners to proceed in a totally spontaneous, trial-and-error manner.


Abstract Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of the epicuticle wax layer are so far used to differentiate the insects in species and subspecies levels. In this study, four species of malaria vectors (genus Anopheles) were collected from various localities in southern Iran. Twenty specimens of each species were randomly selected and one epicuticular extract was prepared of every five specimens. FID‐GC profiles of the extracts did not show any qualitative difference. Using significant difference of CHC mass at retention time (RT) 39.6, the two species of An. sacharovi and An. fluviatilis could be distinguished. Similarly, the two species of An. superpictus & An. sacharovi and An. dthali & An. sacharovi were differentiated by their CHC level at RT 28.5. An. sacharovi was distinguished by integratable peaks at RTs 29.7, 30.6, 30.7, 31 and 32.6 while the other three species just indicated trace peaks at the same RTs. Similarly, An. dthali could be known by an integratable peak at RT 26.2 while An. fluviatilis and An. superpictus indicated trace peaks at the same RT. Integratable peaks and traces at RTs 27.4 and 28.5 were respectively used to differentiate An. superpictus from An. fluviatilis. Lastly, CHC trace amount of An. superpictus at RT 39.6 is another indicator to distinguish it from An. fluviatilis with an integratable peak at the same RT. In harmony with other studies worldwide we hereby report that quantitative analysis of CHCs was successfully applied to differentiate the four Anopheles species of southern Iran.


SUMMARY An active learning method, called Two-stage Active learn- ing algorithm (TAL), is developed for software defect prediction. Combining the clustering and support vector machine techniques, this method improves the performance of the predictor with less labeling e ff ort. Experiments validate its e ff ectiveness.


In this article we propose an architecture for the inclusion and exploitation of semantic aspects in a CAD environment. Our schema focuses on the enhancement and improvement of a commercial (general purpose) CAD system on its Virtual Reality (VR) capabilities. There is a need in combining CAD and semantics in the new generation of computer assisted engineering systems. Usually semantic aspects in traditional CAD applications relay on the user's tacit knowledge, a fact that slows the learning curve while the user is getting trained with a new tool, no matter if he is an expert in others. Moreover, current CAD programs offer a myriad of options to the designer, but their limited integration of the non geometric information (e.g. PDM systems), and in general the semantics of the design process, can still be improved for the current needs of the industry. We argue that the use of semantics could improve the workflow and capabilities of the software and would benefit a new user (non experienced one) in order to produce better results in shorter times. In this paper our main focus is the enhancement of the visualization and VR capabilities in generic CAD applications. Our semantic CAD framework uses ontology modeling as well as engineering standards in order to conceptualize and exploit the information contained in a CAD model. To show some benefits of our proposed schema, we present two cases in different engineering domains (plant design and Steel detailing design), where the inclusion of semantics empowers a VR experience. Index Terms—CAD, semantics, virtual reality, ISO-STEP, ontologies, OWL, engineering standards, plant engineering.


Abstract Context Insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction are pivotal to the progression of metabolic diseases. Previous studies suggested famine exposure in early life was associated with type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome, etc. But evidence in early famine exposure and insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction were limited. Objective We aimed to investigate whether the association existed between famine exposure in early life and β cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in adulthood. Design and setting 10772 non-diabetic participants were enrolled in China based on SPECT-China study (ChiCTR-ECS-14005052, www.chictr.org.cn). Main outcome measure Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Beta cell function, represented by insulin secretion, was estimated by the disposition index. The associations of famine exposure with HOMA-IR and disposition index were assessed via linear regression. Results In both men and women, the disposition indices were lower in fetal- and childhood- exposed subjects than non-exposed subjects. In women, the HOMA-IR levels were higher in fetal- and childhood- exposed subjects than non-exposed subjects. In men, we did not observe a significant association between the fetal- and childhood- exposed subjects and ln(HOMA-IR). However, in women, fetal- and childhood- exposed subjects were found to have significant association between famine exposure and ln(HOMA-IR). In both genders, the ln(disposition index) was observed to be significantly associated with fetal exposure to famine. Conclusions Exposure to famine in fetal- and childhood life period may lead to beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in non-diabetic male or/and females, which indicates malnutrition in early life period may offer a modifiable factor for type 2 diabetes development.


Objective  Torsion of the fallopian tube during pregnancy is infrequent and difficult to diagnose. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can avoid not only permanent damage to the tube but also obstetric complications. We report on a laparoscopic technique for the treatment of fallopian tube torsion in the third trimester of pregnancy.

Conclusion  Open laparoscopy, with lateral tilting of the patient can be considered as an additional method for treatment of twisted fallopian tube or adnexa up until near-term pregnancy.


Chris Jung/NurPhoto/PA

Thousands of South Korean doctors, medical students, and other healthcare professionals attend a rally in Seoul during a two week strike against government …