In this paper, we present an evaluation of vibrotactile onbody feedback for the purpose of pedestrian navigation. For this specific task, many researchers already provide different approaches such as vibrating belts, wristbands or shoes. Still, there are issues left that have to be considered, such as which body position is most suitable, what kind of vibration patterns are easy to interpret, and how applicable are vibrotactile feedback systems in real scenarios. To find answers, we reconstructed prototypes commonly found in literature and continued to further evaluate different foot-related designs. On the one hand, we learned that vibrotactile feedback at the foot reduces visual attention and thus also potentially reduces stress. However, on the other hand, we found that urban space can be very diverse, and ambiguous and therefore a vibrotactile system cannot completely replace common path finding systems for pedestrians. Rather, we envision such a system to be applied complementary as an assistive technology.


The paper applies the turbulence models of k-e quadratic equation to carry on numerical simulation calculation on the circumfluence problem about the slender body,and then the influences of the setting of turbulence parameters in turbulence models on calculation results are compared.The turbulent intensity and the span of viscosity ratio have better flexibility by simulation calculation.By the nonsteady motion calculation on the two-dimensional section,the paper explains the reasonable preferences of turbulence models and verifies the practicability of the turbulence models.


ABSTRACT This article examines the Russian concept of inner freedom by means of a study of the work of various pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and post-Soviet thinkers, namely Ignatii Brianchaninov, Konstantin Aksakov, Boris Chicherin, Vladimir Solov'ev, Nikolai Berdiaev, Ivan Il′in, Andrei Amal′rik, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Igor′ Evlampiev, and Ol′ga Sedakova. These thinkers have defined inner freedom as obedience to moral imperatives, but an obedience freely chosen, dependent on the elimination of internal and external obstacles that prevent individuals from choosing between right and wrong and acting in accordance with their consciences. The article outlines a conservative liberal tradition within Russian philosophy that has often shown a strong preference for inner freedom over outer freedom. This preference has led some of those within this tradition to be tolerant of authoritarian forms of government, but at the same time to resist totalitarianism on the grounds that the latter intrudes on inner freedom. The result is a political philosophy that to many observers may seem paradoxical, being both liberal and illiberal at the same time.


This paper introduces the generation and development of E-bank, analyzes the opportunities and challenges brought about by the electronization and informatization to the traditional bank, and advances the innovative countermeasures for traditional bank.


St.-Petersburg is one of the largest cities of Europe. Here lives more than 4,5 million persons that makes 3,2 % of an aggregate number of the population of the Russian Federation. St.-Petersburg is more dynamical in the development, than other regions of the Russian Federation. It is a multipurpose city with enough diversification economy. Positive dynamics of a development of the city has under itself an objective economic basis. For last four years the index of physical volume of a total regional product of St.-Petersburg (GRP) on the average annually made about 10 %. Investments into a fixed capital in 2007 have reached 296,7 billion rubles and have increased in the comparable prices for 38,8 % in comparison with 2006. The volume of foreign investments following the results of 2007 has made 6,3 billion dollars and has increased in comparison with 2006 by 19,6 %. On a rating of an investment climate of 2006-2007 of agency «Expert AА» St.-Petersburg the unique region of the Russian Federation which has got to the highest category 1А «High potential the minimum risk». The innovative scenario of a strategic development of the city provides expansion of the scale program of assistance to the innovations which realization will promote transformation of St.-Petersburg into the innovative centre of world level.


This paper analyzes the small cosmopolitan and stability of the industrial coupling symbiotic network of eco-industrial parks of oil and gas resource-based cities. Taking Daqing A Ecological Industrial Park as an example, we constructed the characteristic index system and calculated the topological parameters such as the agglomeration coefficient and the average shortest path length of the industrial coupling symbiotic network. Based on the complex network theory we analyzed the characteristics of the scaled world, constructed the adjacency matrix of material and information transfers between enterprises, drew the network topology diagram. We simulated the system analysis and analyzed the stability of the industrial coupling symbiotic network of the eco-industrial park using the network efficiency and node load and maximum connected subgraph. The analysis results are as follows: the small world degree δ of Daqing A Eco-industrial Park is 0.891, which indicates that the industrial coupled symbiotic network has strong small world characteristics; the average path is 1.268, and the agglomeration coefficient is 0.631. The probability of edge connection between two nodes in a symbiotic network is 63.1%, which has a relatively high degree of aggregation, indicating that energy and material exchanges are frequent among all enterprises in the network, the degree of network aggregation is high, and the dependence between nodes is high; when the tolerance parameter is 0 to 0.3, the network efficiency and the maximum connected subgraphs show a sharp change trend, indicating that the topology of the industrial coupling symbiotic network of the eco-industrial park changes drastically when the network is subjected to deliberate attacks. It is easy to cause the breakage of material flow and energy flow in the industrial park, which leads to the decline of the stability of the industrial coupling symbiotic network of the eco-industrial park.


The welding joints of chemical reactor vessel assume the significance as regards to protection of corrosion resistant glass lining and leakage of high pressure chemical species in and around the weld joint. The present study aims at understanding the influence of welding parameters of one such critical weld joint between dish end and nozzle of the reactor vessel. The influence of welding current and welding speed on welding defects is critically studied considering four independent cases. The two common defects observed in non destructive testing are porosity and slag inclusion. The study reveals the safe window of operating parameters for welding current and welding speed for the suggested welding procedure.


Russia finally formalized its second strategic policy on December 31 2015 called the Russian National Security Strategies (RNSS). The interesting thing in this policy is that there is one point that states that Russia feels threatened by the presence of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) which is getting closer to the borders of Russia due to NATO's expansion in Eastern Europe. Feeling threatened, Russia is increasing its military power on the border, especially Kaliningrad. 2016 when NATO summit in Warsaw, Poland.
The step taken by NATO is deterrence, which is to prevent the opposing party from threatening the interests of a country or alliance. Russia did not remain silent and in 2017 held military training in Belarus. A total of 13 thousand personnel were deployed to focus on Belarus, the Baltic and Kaliningrad. In the following year 2018, NATO held its second largest military exercise with 29 member countries in cooperation with Norway. This exercise is focused on the Baltic Sea, as many as 50 thousand joint forces are mobilized to take part in this exercise. This deterrence pattern of reciprocity is included in the immediate deterrence because both parties have responded to each other and are ready to attack at any time.


Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous pathology which is accompanied by the development of multiple fractures and deformities of the long bones of the extremities. Objective: to present outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with OI using intramedullary telescopic fixateur (ITF). Methods: 9 patients with bone deformities of the extremities due to OI were operated (4 boys, 5 girls aged 1,5–11 years). Correction was performed with using of percutaneous semi-open osteoclasia on top of deformity. Bone fragments were fixed by means of ITF developed by authors which provides bone elongation during growth. After surgery we used an orthosis for external fixation. Rehabilitation envisaged work out active and passive movements in joints of the operated extremity, exercises for increasing of muscle strength, and hydrokynesiotherapy. Control checkups (clinical and radiological examination, determination of active movements in joints and muscle strength of the lower limbs) were performed every 3–4 months. Outcomes were assessed by FAQ Ambulation Scale. In all patients there were found consolidation of fragments in the area of osteotomy, preservation of achieved axial correction of parameters in lower extremities, increasing of active movements in hip and knee joints. Bearing-kinematic function of the lower extremities grew on 5 classes, and in two cases — on 7 ones. Improvement of functional class according to FAQ Ambulation Scale was found in 4 patients. In 6 patients which were not able to walk before surgery an ability for vertical standing and walking appeared. Conclusion: The proposed ITF provides restoration of anatomical axis of a limb, function of walk and bearing capacity in lower extremities, early start of the rehabilitation period, reduction of the percentage of complications, and also reduces the need for repeated surgeries, prevents the progression of deformation and a nascence of secondary fractures of long bones.


In this paper we introduce the variety of I-modal ririgs. We characterize the congruence lattice of its members by means of I-filters and we provide a description on I-filter generation. We also provide an axiomatic presentation for the variety generated by chains of the subvariety of contractive I-modal ririgs. Finally, we introduce a Hilbert-style calculus of a logic with I-modal ririgs as an equivalent algebraic semantics and we prove that such a logic has the parametrized local deduction-detachment theorem.


The GluB-1 promoter was amplified from Oryza sativa genome by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector.Sequence analysis showed that the obtained promoter fragment 2 293 nucleotides and showed homology of 99.2% with the reported Glu B- promoter.Also,the obtained promoter fragment includes the three cis-regulatory elements,ACGT-motif,AACA-motif and GCN4-motif,which are necessary to mediate endosperm expression of the GluB-1 glutelin gene.


It discloses a vehicle control apparatus and a control method. The vehicle control device according to an embodiment of the present invention and its control method sensing unit for sensing the current inertia information and the current vehicle speed information of the wheel speed sensor of the current steering information and the inertial sensor of the steering angle sensor provided in the vehicle; And at the time of turning of the vehicle, current vehicle speed information has already been set, the reference vehicle speed information, the current inertia information is already the reference inertia information is set, the correlation information between the reference vehicle velocity information and the reference inertia information already set the deviation of the current steering information the estimate to estimate from the reference steering information model used include parts.


Long-term investors, different from short-term traders, focus on examining the underlying forces that affect the well-being of a company. They rely on fundamental analysis which attempts to measure the intrinsic value an equity. Quantitative investment researchers have identified some value factors to determine the cost of investment for a stock and compare different stocks. This paper proposes using sequence prediction models to forecast a value factor-the earning yield (EBIT/EV) of a company for stock selection. Two advanced sequence prediction models-Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks are studied. These two models can overcome the inherent problems of a standard Recurrent Neural Network, i.e., vanishing and exploding gradients. This paper firstly introduces the theories of the networks. And then elaborates the workflow of stock pool creation, feature selection, data structuring, model setup and model evaluation. The LSTM and GRU models demonstrate superior performance of forecast accuracy over a traditional Feedforward Neural Network model. The GRU model slightly outperformed the LSTM model.


Do feminine cultures really behave more feminine than masculine cultures?. A comparison of 48 countries femininity‐masculineity ranking to their UN human development rankings. Reveals that feminine cultures do apply greater intensity in investing in human development programmes, including care for the weak and gender equity development than masculine cultures. States that both score low on empowerment of females, suggesting that a countrys power distance measurement affects this. Implies that managers of international firms will find greater demand for improved quality of work and female empowerment programmes in feminine/small power distance countries than feminine high power distance countries and masculine countries. Qualifies comparisons by outlining problems within the UN statistical data.


Peripheral perfusion index (PI) is a non-invasive measurement with the ratio of pulsatile and nonpulsatile photoplethysmographic signals obtained from pulse oximetry (1). This non-invasive and easily applicable technique can be used before or after anesthesia to obtain information about the fluid status and vascular tone of the patients. Pulsatile flow time prolongation is observed as an increase in perfusion index when the vascular tone is low.


So far as the concrete materials for the face concrete of the concrete face rock-fill dam(CFRD),the higher cracking resistance and impermeability are required;for which the characteristics mentioned above can be met by the material feature of polyacrylonitrile(PAN) fibre.The fibre has a better bonding property to the base material of concrete with higher strength,elastic modulus,alkaline resistance and better dispersibility;with which the concrete properties can be significantly raised by 73% of cracking resistance,56% of impermeability and then the freeze-thaw cyclings of the concrete can reach to over 500.The function mechanism of the fibre is described herein,and furthermore,its successful application to the construction of the face concrete for the concrete face rock-fill dam of Shuibuya Water Control Project is introduced as well.


Background Chalcones and their derivatives are precursors of flavonoids and isoflavonoids abundantly present in edible plants. It displays a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant. AM-114 (3,5-Bis-[benzylidene-4-boronic acid]-1-methylpiperidin-4-one), a boronic-chalcone derivative exhibits potent anticancer activity through inhibition of the proteasome on human colon cancer cell line. However, the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of AM114 on THP-1 derived macrophages remain to be studied. Aim of the study Inflammation is a complex reaction managed by a variety of immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages. In response to inflammatory stimuli, the macrophages secrete increased proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8(IL-8). The proteasome complex is essential for several cellular processes including protein degradation, cellular differentiation and antigen presentation. In this study, human monocyte cell line THP-1 stimulated with interleukin-1-beta (IL-1-beta) was used as a model to investigate the in vitro effects of AM114, a proteasome inhibitor (PI), on apoptosis and release of proinflammatory cytokines. Materials and methods The effect of AM114, with or without IL-1-beta stimulated THP-1derived macrophages, was assessed by comparing with aspirin. The cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The qualitative measurement of apoptosis was determined by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr), Hoechst 33342 staining and rhodamine 123 assays. The quantitative measurement of apoptosis was carried out to determine the caspase-3 activity by spectrofluorimetric method and DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis. The release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 was also measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The ANOVA was used to compare the different groups. Results In the present study the IC50 concentration of AM114 and Aspirin on THP-1 cells were determined as 3.6 micromolar and 3900 micromolar respectively. The THP-1 derived macrophages treated with IL-1-beta showed insufficient apoptosis and increased release of proinflammatory cytokines. However the treatment of AM114, on stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages showed pronounced apoptotic features. The caspase-3 activity was increased 1.9 fold in AM114 with IL-1-beta treated THP-1 derived macrophages as compared to the unstimulated THP-1 derived macrophages pretreated with AM114. An increase of 3.2 fold in caspase-3 activity was observed in stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages pretreated with AM114 in comparison with stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages pretreated with aspirin. A significant increase of 5.0 and 3.0 fold DNA damage were observed in stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages treated with AM114 and aspirin as compared to unstimulated cells. Moreover AM114 treated cells showed significant decrease (p value less than 0.001) in the release of IL-6 and IL-8 on stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages. Conclusion The results on the induction of apoptosis and suppression of proinflammatory cytokines suggest that AM114 is more effective than aspirin in stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages.


The article analyzes the organization of a new mineral resource center in the Arctic, which can be formed on the territory of the regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The creation of the center will have a positive impact on the spatial and socio-economic development of the Arctic territories of Russia and will expand interregional cooperation in the directions "north-south" and "westeast" within the framework of building value chains. The connection between the mineral resource center and the industrial regions of the country will be ensured. However, there are limitations that hinder the establishment of the center. The main constraints include infrastructural (transport, energy, telecommunications and others), personnel (access to skilled labor), intraregional and interregional differences. The most important condition for the implementation of the project is the possibility of obtaining a synergy effect from the placement of projects for the development of mineral resources within the framework of a single infrastructure. This effect can be obtained both for companies participating in the creation of a mineral resource center and for the state (both at the federal and regional levels).


The Center for Neutron Research (CNR) has been proposed in response to the needs - neutron flux, spectrum, and experimental facilities - that have been identified through workshops, studies, and discussions by the neutron-scattering, isotope, and materials irradiation research communities. The CNR is a major new experimental facility consisting of a reactor-based steady state neutron source of unprecedented flux, together with extensive facilities and instruments for neutron scattering, isotope production, materials irradiation, and other areas of research.


Cranial nerve involvement, most commonly affecting the facial and oculomotor nerves, has been reported in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).1,2⇓ Symptomatic involvement of the vestibulocochlear nerve has been described at least once but only in the vestibular part of the nerve.1

We describe a patient who presented with a relapse of CIDP accompanied by sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) confirmed bilateral retrocochlear dysfunction. Treatment with high-dose prednisone was associated with nearly complete recovery clinically and neurophysiologically.

A 66-year-old man sought treatment for sudden bilateral hearing loss and paraesthesias of the lower extremities. Ten months earlier, CIDP had been diagnosed based on clinical signs and symptoms (symmetric muscle weakness, sensory ataxia, distal hypesthesia, and absent tendon reflexes), results of nerve conduction studies (i.e., motor distal latency and F waves of the ulnar and median nerves >130% of the upper limit of normal, slowing of nerve conduction velocities in ulnar and peroneal nerves <70% of the lower limit of normal, and presence of a conduction block in the …


This paper gives a concise description of feedback control theory in the class of impulsive inputs which allow higher derivatives of delta-functions. It indicates a related version of Hamiltonian techniques in the dynamic programming form. Further described are physically realizable approximations of the "ideal" impulse-type solutions, which may also serve as "fast" feedback controls. The high-order impulsive inputs may be also implemented as virtual controls which describe instantaneous switchings and resets in hybrid system models.


Of the three families of Saturnina found in North America, only the Saturnidæ occurs in the European fauna. Conversely no analogue of the European Aglia tau* has been found in America. In a very interesting paper, Ann. Mag. N. Hist., Vol. XI., 1893, Dr. Packard says of this species: "Aglia appears to be a Ceratocampid in its earlier larval stages, the caterpillar in its final stage, however, and the moth being closely related to the Saturnians". This being so, it is clear that Aglia cannot be classed as a subfamily of Cithernidœ, from which the habit and struture of the moth and the mde of pupation seem to exclude it.


The dual metal clad pipe was manufactured by rotary piercing process.The process contained clad casting,clad cast ingot forging and rotary piercing process.Then the process was studied and discussed,manufacturing dual metal clad pipe by rotary piercing process is feasible on the installed piercing mill.


Abstract In the present paper we study generalized functional identities involving multi-additive functions. Our results simultaneously generalize Martindale's theorem on prime rings with generalized polynomial identities and Bresar's results on generalized functional identities of degree two.


In a federation, centralization of political powers in the hands of centre creates reaction from the regions or strata of people whose interests seem to have been ignored. In India also regional forces are emerged to achieve the goals of socio-economic, political and cultural significance of the people of different regions. The centre's authoritarian policy of disintegration and dismemberment of Assam led to a bitter confrontation and a sense of helplessness and frustration in state leadership which in turn energize regional forces. However, regionalism in India is a process of national integration and it is not something anti-system or anti-national. This paper examines to what extent regionalism in Assam has been contributing towards the growth of federalizing process and national integration in India.


A CPU (21) of a PC (2) identifies a first attribute pixel, which is a pixel having a color value included in a color range of a background color (step S63). The CPU identifies a second attribute pixel, which is a pixel having a color value included in a dark color range (step S57). The CPU registers, in a three-dimensional table, a per block average that represents color values of a plurality of pixels included in a divided block, as a posterization candidate color (step S93). The CPU replaces a color value of a third attribute pixel with a target color, which is the posterization candidate color closest to the color value of the third attribute pixel (step S111).


The rules of international organizations in the field of environmental protection are consistently tightening the requirements for the level of harmful emissions into the atmosphere from both stationary and ship power plants (SPP). To ensure this level, it is necessary to use wet scrubber technology and a hybrid system when used simultaneously or sequentially. The study aims to develop a wet scrubber scheme for сomplex exhaust gas cleaning system for an internal combustion engine (ICE). Experimental studies have shown that at the end of the combustion zone of a water-fuel emulsion (WFE) with a water content of 30 % due to the influence of intense turbulence created during microexplosions of WFE droplets in the zone of active combustion in gases, an equimolar NO2 : NO ratio is created automatically (or almost this). It is required to enhance the absorption properties of exhaust gases in front of the scrubber. It is established that when WFE is burnt with water content Wr = 30 %, the content of toxic ingredients in the exhaust gases in front of the scrubber will be at a much lower level compared to the cleaning system at Wr = 2 %. A scheme of a wet scrubber has been developed, which allows to clean exhaust gases from three toxic exhaust gas ingredients simultaneously with heating water to exhaust gas boiler and drying wet gases after a wet scrubber due to the heat of the intermediate coolant. It has been established that the heat of this intermediate coolant is sufficient not only to heat the feed water of the exhaust gas boiler, but also to provide a hot water supply system for the ship, since in the scrubber, as a result of exhaust water vapor condensation up to 8 % of the lower combustion heat of the fuel burned power units. Analysis of the calculated studies showed that the using of a wet scrubber reduces the NOx content from 258 ppm to 52 ppm, SO2 - from 107 ppm to 22 ppm, CO2 - from 3.1 % to 0.93 %. The developed wet scrubber scheme can be used to clean the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines from toxic ingredients and to provide the necessary level of exhaust gas purification recommended by the IMO (International Maritime Organization).


PURPOSE: A radiation sensitive resin composition comprising alkali-soluble resin, 1,2-quinonediazide compound and a colorant is provided which can easily form a layer insulation film of an organic EL element or a black matrix of an LED element having excellent various performances such a forward tapered section shape, light shielding property and insulating property. CONSTITUTION: The radiation sensitive resin composition contains £A| an alkali-soluble resin, £B| a 1,2-quinonediazide compound, £C| a colorant and additionally methylol group-contain resin. The cured body formed from the composition has an optical density(OD value) of 0.1 or more per 1micron thick and a volume resistivity of 10¬12Ωcm or more.


Aim:  To identify predictors of negative in‐patient outcomes (prolonged hospital stay and death) in nursing home (NH) residents admitted to the hospital as medical emergencies.


On March 18, 2006, geophysical investigations were conducted at an archeological site in Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania. The purpose of the investigations was to attempt to identify any anomalous features that may be associated with the Marcus Hook Plank Log House. During renovation of the house, the landowner discovered the plank log construction of the house and began recovering artifacts from the fill beneath the kitchen floor. As interesting as the facts about this site are the legends. There is a local oral tradition that this house was once the home of a mistress of the notorious pirates, Blackbeard. Another local legend associated with the house is the underground tunnels which supposedly connected the house to the Delaware River. The equipment used for this investigation included a Geonics EM-61 electromagnetic metaldetector and a Sensors & Software Noggin 250 SmartCart ground penetrating radar (GPR) system. The results indicated an anomalous area measuring approximately 20 by 25 feet with a strong reflection at 2 to 3 feet below ground surface. This anomaly may represent a foundation, possibly a garage or carriage house, shown in this location on an early 20 century map. The results will be used to guide for future excavations.


Squire's new book, published last year, is a collection of detailed case studies of educational games, including reflection on their design, deployment, failures, and successes, based on Squire's research studies. He intersperses the case studies with personal anecdotes from his own developmental trajectory from game user to game designer. Prefacing each chapter's case studies is a set of questions about learning, game design, participation or teaching with games to be answered within the chapter. Each chapter concludes with a summary of practical or theoretical principles.


A process for producing a photographic film having thereon a magnetic recording layer by applying a dispersion of a magnetic substance to an antihalation layer of a light-sensitive film for cinema, where the dispersion contains a compound or compounds, having at least two or more isocyanato groups or thioisocyanato groups or the anti-halation layer is previously processed with a solution containing the compound. A photographic film where either the magnetic layer contains, or the antihalation layer has been processed with, such a compound or compounds.


Several main effect factors of great diffierence in temperature for electrical plate have been analyzed,focusing on the distribution of heaters affecting the difference in temperature.For 400×400 press of electrical plate the function between the distance of two near heaters(space of near electrical heaters) and the maximum diffierence in temperature was evaluated by using multiple regression analysis.The obtained results showed the integral quadratic response surface is suitable model and it passed the statistic inspection. This model will provide reference for design.


Objective: To study the risk factors of sexual wrong-doings in young female Method: 130 young female with sexual wrongdoings in jail and 33 normal control with similar social background were assessed with CPI (California Psychology Inventory), SCL-90, LES (life event scale) and SSRS (social support rating scale) Results: Compared with normal control, female with wrongdoings had lower scores in independence, responsibility, self-control, socialization and psychological experience of CPI Their scores were higher in total score and most subscores of SCL-90 than control, but they had lower scores of social support (subjective support and use of social support) Their total score of SCL-90 was positively correlated with the total score of LES Conclusion: Young female with sexual wrongdoings have abnormal characters,such as directly acting out of instincts with less self-control They are moree obsessional,depressed and hostile sexual wrongdoings personality


The Fortuin-Kasteleyn mapping between the Ising model and the site-bond correlated perco-lation model is shown to be only one of an infinite class of exact mappings. These new cluster representations are a result of " renormalized " percolation rules correlated to entire blocks of spins. For example these rules allow for percolation on " virtual " bonds between spins not present in the underlying Hamiltonian. As a consequence we can define new random cluster theories each with its own Monte Carlo cluster dynamics that exactly reproduce the Ising model. By tuning parameters on the critical percolation surface, it is demonstrated numerically that cluster algorithms can be formulated for the 2-d and 3-d Ising model that have smaller autocorrelations than the original Swendsen-Wang algorithm.


Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) gels were formed by complex crystals (e-crystals) with some solvents, such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and the solvent in the gel was exchanged to other solvents, suc...


The massive movements of migrant workers during the last decade, especially in Western Europe, generated increasing concern in government and trade union circles. Migrant-sending countries were the main force behind a resolution adopted at the 1971 International Labour Conference which asked the ILO to give priority to an examination of the issues involved. The first and foremost of these was the problem of equality of opportunity and treatment, and linked with it the question of dubious recruitment practices and illegal migration. The second was the economic and social consequences for both countries of immigration and countries of emigration. A two-pronged effort was therefore initiated. The first had the objective of promoting equality of opportunity and treatment for migrant workers and their families and to guarantee the effective enjoyment of their rights. The second aimed at improving the knowledge of the migration phenomenon so that a coherent policy could be built upon it. The following describes how these objectives have been achieved or are being tackled. This is by no means an exhaustive treatment of ILO activities concerned with migrant workers.' But the two headings group the main activities and publications.


A series of new dimeric surfactants, twin-tailed gemini surfactants, 2(12)-s-2(12), were successfully prepared and characterized, and their monolayer films investigated by the measurement of surface pressure-area (π-A) and surface pressure-time (π-t) isotherms at the air/water interface by a Langmuir film balance. Compared to their monomeric counterparts, their collapse pressure (γcollapse) is smaller, whilst all the molecular area parameters are larger. The limited area (Alimited) and the initial area (Ainitial) of these twin-tailed gemini surfactants change with increasing spacer length s, and the surface pressure decreases with increasing time. It was also found that the higher the initial surface pressure, the larger the attenuation.


Solid-organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have become vital in the treatment of many illnesses that were previously considered fatal. In 1999, a total of 21,516 solidorgan transplant procedures were performed in the United States (Scientific registry, United Network for Organ Sharing). The use of immunosuppressive agents is essential in maintaining allograft function following organ transplantation. However, the use of these agents predisposes the transplant recipients to opportunistic infections (40). One of the most common complications following organ transplantation is infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous member of the -herpesvirus family. CMV infection occurs in the majority of humans, mainly during the first two decades of life. The main host defense against CMV is cell-mediated immunity; however, virus-specific antibodies may also modify the disease caused by this virus. Following primary infection, CMV is maintained in a latent state by integration within the host cell chromosome or by persistent low-level viral replication that is adequately controlled by a functioning immune system. Consequently, the dysfunction of the immune system will allow for increased levels of CMV replication; this is further amplified by circumstances that result in viral reactivation from latency, many of which are present following transplantation (1, 7, 33, 39, 40). The deleterious effects of CMV in transplant recipients result from direct viral invasion of various organ systems (resulting in, e.g., pneumonitis, enterocolitis, encephalitis, or retinitis) following dissemination of the virus in the blood (viremia). The most serious forms of CMV disease occur in CMV-seronegative recipients of solid organs obtained from CMV-infected donors (i.e., persons whose CMV serostatus is defined as CMV D/ R, where D and R denote donor positive and recipient negative, respectively) and in CMV-seropositive hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (39). Additionally, CMV influences allograft dysfunction, accelerates graft coronary artery atherosclerosis, and increases opportunistic infections (33). Hence, CMV leads to increased resource utilization and total transplantation cost. Indeed, the impact of CMV on transplantation outcomes is so enormous that it is considered the most important infectious cause of posttransplant morbidity and mortality.


o set of issues has tended to separate economists and ecologists, especially in the mind of the public, more than those surrounding the linkages between economic growth, human carrying capacity, and the environment. The general lack of interest among the majority of economists in problems of the environment and a parallel lack of interest among the majority of ecologists in economic issues, combined with a lack of dialogue between the two groups, has allowed extreme positions to take hold in the public debate and to influence policy to an inordinate degree. Just one example from a book that consists of a debate between Julian Simon and Norman Myers (Myers and Simon 1994) should suffice to demonstrate just how extreme some of these positions are. Consider the following quote by Simon: We now have in our hands— in our libraries, really— the technology to feed, clothe, and supply energy to an ever-growing population for the next 7 billion years. Most amazing is that most of this specific body of knowledge developed within the past hundred years or so, though it rests on knowledge that had accumulated for millennia, of course. Indeed, the last necessary additions to this body of knowledge— nuclear fission and space travel— occurred decades ago. Even if no new knowledge were ever invented after those advances, we would be able to go on increasing forever, improving our standard of living and our control over our environment. The discovery of genetic manipulation certainly enhances our powers greatly, but even without it we could have continued our progress forever. (Myers and Simon 1994, p. 65)


The compounds K12LnP5W30O110 ·nH2O (Ln3+: Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) are prepared from aqueous solutions of K12.5Na1.5 [NaP5W30O110] and LnCl3 (autoclave, 160 °C, 24 h) and characterized by static and dynamic magnetic measurements.


In this paper we discuss cost and profit efficiency for a sample of financial institutions on the Colombian financial market in the period 1989-2003, using stochastic frontier efficiency analysis. During the period, the cost efficient frontier deteriorates, but profit efficient frontier is relatively stable. We found significant difference when we compare the efficiency scores between types of financial intermediaries. Additionally, our analysis show that the scores for profit and cost efficiency have different distribution. We found big differences between profit and cost efficiency among the different type banks. This is evidence in favor of some banks behaving collusively and capturing oligopoly rents.


: The open nature of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) recently attracted significant research attention. With the growing demand for quality of service (QoS) based routing protocol in sensor network has emerged as an interesting research topic. A wireless sensor network is composed of huge sensors that dynamically self-organized themselves into a wireless network. But sensors are very constrained in memory capabilities, processing power and batteries. WSNs still face problems in selecting the best path with efficient energy consumption and successful delivery of the packets with minimum delay. QoS based routing metric combined with Ant colony optimization (ACO) technique have been proposed to solve the routing problem and trying to deal with these constrains. The problem of providing QoS routing is formulated as link-based and path-based metrics. In the proposed protocol Reliability, Energy and Delay with Ant Colony Optimization (RED-ACO), the search range for an ant to select its next-hop sensor is limited to a subset of the set of the neighbors of the current sensor based on the required metric values. The probability transition rules for an ant to select its next-hop sensor are defined. Simulation results show that our routing protocol can perform better in many scenarios compared with different existing routing protocols.


925 Retrieval Number: F7517038620/2020©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijrte.F7517.038620 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication  Abstract—In this paper calculations are made to find out the power flow regulation capabilities of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in load flow analysis with loads which are voltage dependent. New equations for load flow analysis are developed that includes the models of voltage sensitive loads and voltage sources model of UPFC. Newton Raphson algorithm is used to solve the power flow equations of the network. UPFC voltage source model when included in the power equations has unique advantages over other modeling approaches. Analysis is done for two types of Loads. In the first analysis Constant current, Constant Power and Constant Impedance type of loads are examined. In the second analysis Composite loads are analyzed. The results of analysis on standard 5 bus system is presented here as a case study.


The necessity for transcendence of any particular system of common sense in psychologists' theorizing is reiterated in the process of analyzing Smedslund's response to the author's previous (Valsiner, 1985) critical analysis of the role of common sense in psychology. It is emphasized that the ways of how personally unique construction of meaning in individuals' ontogenies proceed are directed by social canalization, which guarantees sufficient (but not absolute) similarity in persons' individual thinking and acting. Such similarity forms the basis for intelligibility of interpersonal communication. A developmental perspective can overcome two opposite traditions in non-developmental psychologies which either disregard common sense, or make it the criterion of adequacy of thinking towards which psychological theories should strive. In contrast, it is suggested that common sense be studied in conjunction with research on psychological phenomena for which it serves as their context, and that generalizations about psychological phenomena retain information about the common-sense frames of the phenomena.


Nowadays hyperactivity is considered one of the most frequent disorders within the clinical population of school children between 3 and 15% in nor mal schoolchildren and about 50% in clinical samples. The symptoms which identify this disorder: attention deficit, excesive motor activity and impulsivity, have very direct negative consequences on the child's adjustment behavior and on his school performance. The complexity of both the etiology and the syntomatic manifestations of this problem has generated different explanatory models of hyperactivity from which the


In compiling the eleventh five year plan of Wuhan Institute of P.E.,there should be a correct understanding of how the school will develop and what challenges and difficulties might be faced with.First,it is necessary to carry out the scientific viewpoint of development in an all-round way and center around the improvement of quality.And according to "one center,two objectives,six emphases" to plan the blueprint of the school,(efforts) should be made to improve the educational quality and scientific level of the school,to control the speed of the school's development and reform the mode of running the school.(Construction) of the discipline and teaching administration should be strengthened.The level of science and technology should be promoted.The sports events should be integrated.The purpose is to better the school's core competence and(comprehensive) power and build a top teaching and research sport university.


At China Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party, General Secretary Xi Clearly Pointed out That We Should Accelerate the Development of China's Manufacturing Industry, Strive to Build China into an Advanced Manufacturing Powerhouse, and Further Promote the Integration of Information Technology and Industrial Manufacturing. Thus, China's Manufacturing Industry Will Be Featured with Smart Information, Informatization and Digitization. in This Article, the Basic Content of Artificial Intelligence Technology and Intelligent Manufacturing is Firstly Elaborated. on This Basis, the Specific Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Intelligent Manufacturing is Clarified. This Part Mainly Uses Machine Vision and 4d Printing Technology as Examples. the Main Purpose of This Article is to Accelerate the Development and Application of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology and Industry under the Guidance of Artificial Intelligence Technology.


Preface / Acknowledgements / Part I: Origins / 1. The Place of Pedagogy / 2. Public Education / 3. The Interpretive Tradition / Part II: The Legacy / 4. Becoming Thoughtful: Hannah Arendt (1906-1975) / 5. Becoming Attentive: John Berger (b.1926) / 6. Becoming Worldly: Edward W. Said (1935-2003) / 7. Becoming Responsive: Martha C. Nussbaum (b.1947) / Part III: The Futures / 8. Open Futures / 9. Educated Publics / 10. Pedagogic Spaces / References / Index


Airport officials are worried that the recovery in passenger traffic will be accompanied by increased security-related delays unless screening can be streamlined. Airlines are finding that passengers are not prepared for the screening process because they are confused about the rules. Staffing cuts by the Transportation Security Administration, screening staff turnover, and inadequate training are all contributing to the long lines at screening checkpoints. The slow pace of optimizing the explosives detection system checked-luggage screening process also is contributing to airport security inefficiencies.


ASEAN is one of dynamic and fast growing economic regionalism. ASEAN has shown rapid growth in trade liberalization with the free trade agreement (FTA), established with China Korea, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of the free trade agreement between ASEAN-China (ACFTA), ASEAN-Korea (AKFTA), ASEAN-Japan (AJCEP), ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand (AANZFTA). The Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database version 9 are applied with the partial and full liberalization scenarios. The GTAP simulations results shows that ACFTA provides a greater positive impact than the other FTAs for each region. In the long run, the welfare of each region has increased, the trade balance has decreased, the volume of exports and imports has increased.


We study initial and boundary value problems for the wave equation ∂ t 2 u - Δu = fe -iωt with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary data in smooth domains Ω, which coincide with Ω o = R 2 x (0,1) outside a sufficiently large sphere. The concept of a standing wave, introduced in [7], seems to be of special relevance. A standing wave of frequency ω is defined as a non-trivial solution U of the equation ΔU + ω 2 U = 0 in Ω, which satisfies on ∂Ω the prescribed boundary condition U = 0 or ∂U/∂n = 0, respectively, and a suitable condition at infinity. For instance, U(x) = sin πkx 3 is a standing wave of frequency πk in the unperturbed domain Ω o with Dirichlet boundary data. As shown in a series of joint papers with K. Morgenrother, u(x,t) is bounded as t → ∞ if Ω does not admit standing waves of frequency ω. The main purpose of the present paper is the proof of the converse statement: If standing waves of frequency ω exist in Ω, then u(x,t) is unbounded as t → ∞ for suitably chosen f ∈ C 0 ∞(Ω). Thus the appearance of resonances is closely related to the presence of standing waves. The leading term of the asymptotic expansion of u(x, t) as t → ∞ will be specified. In particular, it turns out that the resonance rate is either t or In t. The rate t appears if and only if ω 2 is an eigenvalue of the spatial operator, while the rate In t can only occur if ω = πk. In the case of Neumann boundary data, U = 1 is a standing wave of frequency 0 for every local perturbation Ω of Ω 0 . The corresponding resonance has already been studied in [21].


Abstract : One of the more frequently quoted papers in fluid dynamics is the article by Karl Pohlhausen, 'Zur naherungsweisen Integration der Differentialgleichungen der laminaren Grenzschicht,' which appeared on pages 252-268 of Volume I of the Zeitschrift fur angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik. Consequently, it seems appropriate to make an English translation of the original German paper widely available. While the approximate integration technique which the article outlines has been superseded in large measure by substantial improvements, the kernel of all useful methods is given in the original paper. Moreover, many other important results of permanent value to fluid dynamics are presented, e.g., a mathematical derivation of Karman's momentum equation from the boundary layer equation and the mathematical description in finite closed form of the steady two dimensional laminar flow in a converging channel according to boundary layer theory. (Author)


The paper introduces mainly the Songhe single line extra long railway tunnel on Shui Bei Railway carrying out vigorously the mechanization of construction to implement the full face single end rapid tunnelling technique.It is expounded emphatically that the mechainzation of construction is the best method and efficient means to implement the rapid tunnelling for single line extra long railway tunnels.The key and guarantee role to implement rapid tunnelling by following measures are also expounded:to put forward the advanced installation of machinery and the optimized complete set of machinery,as well as how to enhance the machine management in site in the later stage of construction.The methods,expriences and obtained good effects in practices are slso introduced for the complete sets of the machinery installations and their management,the construction organization,the technical measrues,etc.Several suggestions concerned with to carry out vigorously the mechanization and to put forward the way for mechanized rapid construction are also proposed.


The infrared detector is a kind of indispensable detectors in satellite attitude control systems.The international research progress of thermistor wafer electrode is summarized,especially its design and preparation process.The internal stress caused by various thin film metal electrodes is also analyzed.It is found that,in order to get a low stress solder joint and high reliability infrared detector,the process parameters such as electrode structure,materials,the thickness of the film,preparation method and heat treatment should be considered.A Ti/Au double-layer structure electrode is employed to the thermistor wafer to achieve an ideal noise coefficient and a good bonding strength of the joint.


Abstract : Experiments were performed to determine whether or not the 180-foot conical shock tube facility located at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory can be used to determine free-air equivalent weights for several test explosives. The explosives tested were H-6, TNT, pentolite, and TNETB. The rankings of explosives as determined in the CST agree with the rankings in free air. Numerical values of equivalent weights vary with pressure, but even so the values obtained in the CST do not reproduce the single number usually cited for equivalent weights determined in free air using conventional methods. The variations are believed to be real and presently are thought as likely to represent an uncertainty in the conventional concept of equivalent weight just as much as a fundamental limitation of the conical shock tube. Analysis continues to resolve these differences.


Metal additive can be added into electroless Ni-Palloy matrix to improve various characteristic, particularly corrosion resistance. Previous studies show that the decreases plating bath pH, increases the phosphorous content in the nickel alloy coatings, improving the corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions. However, the true effect of various plating bath pH on corrosion resistance of the nickel alloy is need to be study due to its effect on deposition rate. In this study, electroless quaternary nickel alloy is deposited on pure iron coupon with copper and zinc as metal additive in the plating bath solution. The deposition is done at various plating bath pH and producing approximately the same thickness to verify the plating bath pH effect. The coated coupon is then immersed into 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for anodic polarization curve measurements. From the results, the nickel alloy deposited at similar thickness exhibit almost identical corrosion potential, hence, similar corrosion resistance regardless the effect plating pH on the nickel alloy composition.


Leukocyte mediated tissue damage is proposed to contribute to the tumoricidal effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT). To elucidate this hypothesis leukocyte-endothelium interaction and red blood cell velocity in the microvasculature of an amelanotic melanoma and normal tissue in a skin fold chamber preparation were investigated before and after PDT (5 mg/kg PhotofrinR; 630 nm; 10 or 100 J/cm2). One hour after PDT (10 and 100 J/cm2) the number of adhering leukocytes increased in subcutaneous but not in tumor microvessels. At this time red blood cell velocity remained unaltered in microvessels of subcutaneous tissue but decreased (10 J/cm2) and even ceased (100 J/cm2) in tumor microvessels. These results indicate that tumor destruction induced by PDT is not mediated by leukocyte-endothelium interaction.


The study of amphibian metamorphosis might well be begun with a consideration of the more recent reviews of this topic, particu? larly those by Allen (1938), Needham (1942), Lynn and Wachowski (1951), and Etkin (1955). Metamorphosis can be thought of in a variety of ways. It can be considered in the restricted role of converting for terrestrial life those larval parts which are initially adapted for aquatic life, or are as yet but rudimentary. It can be considered, more broadly, as the sum of all changes which the postembryonic amphibian undergoes in the transformation from larval to juvenile form. In perhaps a more restricted sense, but one which emphasizes causal mechanisms, am? phibian metamorphosis can be thought of as the sum of all transformations which depend, either directly or indirectly, upon circulating thyroid hormone. Through the pioneer feeding studies of Gudernatsch (1912), the thyroid gland was shown to contain metamorphosis-stimulating material, and later Allen (1916) demon? strated that metamorphosis was inhibited in thyroidless tadpoles. It was already known, from the work of Adler (1914), that the pituitary gland was implicated, since tadpoles whose pituitary glands had been cauterized remained larval in appearance and developed atrophic thyroid glands. Special attention has been given to the size and to the histo? logical and cytological appearance of the thyroid gland throughout larval life. The correlation between gland structure and detectable metamorphic change is clear. De? tailed studies by Uhlenhuth (1927) in salamanders record the growth of primary follicles, their filling with colloid, and their fusion with one another. The climax phase of metamorphosis is characterized by the discharge of colloid from the follicles. In


Power electronic devices have a wide range of applications from very low to high power at constantly varying load conditions. Irrespective of the harsh operating loads, including both internal and external, an improvement in a performance such as efficiency, power density, reliability and cost for power converter is a continuous research effort. Cost is a design limitation where the tendency is always to increase the rated power for the same price or decrease the price for same rated power. Satisfying the above mentioned facts, a healthy operation of power devices is essential to meet the expected lifetime of converters. Real time monitoring of power modules is very important together with a smart control and a driving technique in a converter. This ensures to operate the device within a safe operating area and also to protect from a catastrophic failure. Furthermore, the inherent physical parameters that deviate by thermo-mechanical stress need to be identified and also measured during operation. Major stressors for high power multi-chip IGBT modules are identified as maximum junction temperature, temperature cycle, over-voltage, over-current, humidity, vibration etc. In addition, finding a root cause of failure is often difficult after a catastrophic failure. This thesis proposes an on-state parameter measurement technique which is robust and easy to integrate into existing gate driver technology. The technique is suitable for the application in both normal converter operation and in a mission-profile oriented advanced power cycling test. The measurement technique is implemented in a full scale converter under field oriented test conditions. Initially, a real time measurement technique and it's implementation in a converter are introduced. A full scale converter is also used as an advanced power cycling test setup, where both power module characterization and field emulated testing are proposed. As temperature is identified as a major stressor, transforming on-state forward voltage drop to die temperature for each individual chip is presented at a nominal rated power level. The wear out is monitored online and also the evolution of degradation in interconnects are studied extensively in order to understand the failure pro-


PURPOSE: A novolac epoxy resin is provided to have excellent impact resistance and weatherability for improving flame retardancy of engineering plastic. CONSTITUTION: A resin is represented by chemical formula 1. A manufacturing method of the resin comprises a step of mixing a novolac epoxy resin, a urethane prepolymer, and a catalyst to obtain the resin represented by the chemical formula 1. The urethane prepolymer contains 1-12 weight% of NCO-based isocyanate based on the urethane prepolymer. The mixing is conducted at 140-180 deg. C for 2-5 hours. The flame retardant resin composition includes the resin represented by the chemical formula 1.


We construct ferroelectric (LuFeO_{3})_{m}/(LuFe_{2}O_{4}) superlattices with varying index m to study the effect of confinement on topological defects. We observe a thickness-dependent transition from neutral to charged domain walls and the emergence of fractional vortices. In thin LuFeO_{3} layers, the volume fraction of domain walls grows, lowering the symmetry from P6_{3}cm to P3c1 before reaching the nonpolar P6_{3}/mmc state, analogous to the group-subgroup sequence observed at the high-temperature ferroelectric to paraelectric transition. Our study shows how dimensional confinement stabilizes textures beyond those in bulk ferroelectric systems.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ratio of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Loan to Deposite Ratio (LDR), Operational Income Operating Costs (BOPO) to Bank Profit Growth both partially and simultaneously at publicly traded bank companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX ) period 2012 - 2016. The sample of this study is Commercial Banks in Indonesia which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of 2012 up to 2016 totaling 14 banks. This study uses quantitative data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange with a method using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that simultaneously the CAR, BOPO, LDR variables affect earnings growth by 79% and the remaining 21% are influenced by other factors outside this research. Partially BOPO has a positive and significant effect on profit growth. While the CAR and LDR variables show that the results have no positive and insignificant effect on profit growth.
Keywords: Profit Growth, CAR, BOPO, LDR


We examine the evolution of the external position in CEE countries over the past decade, with a strong emphasis on the composition of the international balance sheet. We assess the extent of their international financial integration, in comparison to the advanced economies and other emerging markets, and highlight the most salient features of their external capital structure in terms of the relative importance of FDI, portfolio equity, and external debt. In addition, we briefly describe the bilateral and currency composition of their external liabilities. Finally, we explore the implications of the accumulated stock of external liabilities for future trade and current account balances.


With purpose to provide better training to citizens who have completed high school and they need better training to join the labor market,  was created following courses, among them the Technical Course in Chemistry (CTQ). The structure consists of a formation that coordinates work, culture, science and technology as principles that summarize the training process whole. On a visit a public school in Maringa (PR), which implemented the CTQ, it was found that teachers were faced with several difficulties: lack of knowledge in technical skills early, how to articulate theory and practice, shortages of materials and reference theoretical, limitation of laboratories, lack of equipment and difficulties in developing practical activities for the course. Faced with this situation had the idea of support for these teachers and consequently their students.  Thus, a group of academics after carry a survey in school in order to known the reality of the course and aspirations of students and teachers, it was developed a workshop with theme generator about the "milk". These academics develop low-cost materials in aiding the practice of teachers. In addition, further research was conducted to check the results of the activity with the purpose of developing a new workshop looking for teaching strategies to contribute effectively to the course.


Persistent observation capabilities have been pursued for decades. Military planners, policy-makers, and intelligence professionals have envisioned how it can be exploited, and recent investments within the defense, and intelligence communities are rapidly reducing the technical barriers to making it a reality. However, observational capabilities alone will not transform the role of intelligence in strategy and military operations. This paper presents three conceptual frames of reference: (1) Sherman Kent's three types of intelligence, (2) Sun Tzu's and Clausewitz' views on the value of intelligence in military and strategic affairs, and (3) Robert Art's four uses of military force – in order to create an analytically rich context, from which persistent observation capabilities must be developed and operationalized. While the conceptual frames presented here are not exhaustive, they challenge the notion that more and better sensors can provide decision-makers with the tools they need, and argue that absent new analytic tools, methods, and concepts, the anticipated gains of persistent observation will never materialize.


Orders of magnitude increases are predicted in the cross sections for electron-atom scattering accompanied by absorption or emission of n laser photons for incident electron energies at which the electron, by emitting (cid:1) laser photons, can be captured by the atom to form a negative ion. Enhancements are most significant in the plateau region ( n (cid:1) (cid:1) ) of the scattered electron spectrum, whose shape is predicted to replicate that of the ion's ( n þ (cid:1) )-photon detachment spectrum.


Introduction Candida zemplinina (synonym Starmerella bacillaris) is known to play relevant activities during winemaking, due to its fructophilic nature and low ethanol production rate (Masneuf-Pomarede et al., 2015). Moreover, wines fermented with C. zemplinina and S. cerevisiae showed higher amounts of glycerol and esters (Englezos et al., 2016; Tofalo et al., 2016). Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts' formulations are available in different forms including the Cream Yeast (CRY) preparation, Active Dry Yeast (ADY), Active Frozen Yeast (AFY) (Fracassetti et al., 2020). In all these cases yeasts develop as planktonic cells. However, in nature microbes prefer a sessile lifestyle and are often organized in biofilms. Biofilms are structures made up of singleand multiplespecies attached on a biotic or an abiotic surface and embedded in a self-produced matrix (Lebleux et al., 2020). Sessile cells are more resistant to stressing conditions through metabolic cross-feeding, cell–cell interactions and especially chemical and physical resistance (Bastard et al., 2016). This growth strategy is exploited to improve some microbial activities, for instance it is used to increase ethanol production (Germec et al., 2016), and a recent study revealed that Oenococcus oeni cells organized in biofilms on oak showed a better malolactic activity, and improved the volatile composition of wines (Bastard et al., 2016). Despite the positive impact of C. zemplinina on wine characteristics the majority of studies are focused on planktonic cells. Therefore, in this study, 10 strains of C. zemplinina were tested for their ability to form biofilms on winemaking material such as stainless steel and oak chips. The impact of oak surfaceassociated C. zemplinina cells on fermentation kinetics and volatile profile was also evaluated.


Karkanis A., Bilalis D., Efthimiadou A., Katsenios N., 2012. Effects of field bindweed ( Convolvulus arvensis L.) and powdery mildew [ Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arn.] on pepper growth and yield – Short commu nication . Hort. Sci. (Prague), 39: 135–138. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of field bindweed and powdery mildew on growth and yield of a pepper crop. This study also evaluated the efficacy of fungicide application programs for controlling powdery mildew. Field bindweed influenced growth and yield of pepper. The greatest dry weight and yield of pepper were recorded with weed-free control treatment. Moreover, powdery mildew was severe. The fungicide application programs positively influenced growth and yield of pepper. The control plots had the lowest yield of pepper. The first symptoms of powdery mildew on pepper plants developed 20–25 days after powdery mildew diagnosis on field bindweed. Two azoxystrobin applications, at 10 and 25 days after infection of field bindweed by powdery mildew, restricted the disease progress. Our results indicate that field bindweed is highly susceptible to powdery mildew infection and could be used as an indicator species of L. taurica presence in pepper plants.


The bile concretions formed inside the gallbladder are called gallstones. Gallstone disease is one of the major causes of morbidity, mortality, and economic burden throughout the world. Approximately 10% to 20% of the world population and 4.87% in Nepal are suffering from a gallstone.

The aim is to classify the gallstone samples based on morphological and cross-sectional evidences, and a comparative study of their chemical composition to understand the mechanism of formation.

Two types of gallstones were studied; combined cholesterol gallstone and black pigment gallstone. SEM, UV-Vis, and EDS analyzed the gallstones for morphological and elemental study.

The UV-Vis spectrum showed characteristic peaks for cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and copper bilirubinate. SEM image of combined cholesterol gallstone reveals that cholesterol is the major phase in the shell, whereas bilirubin is the major phase in the core. EDS detection of C and O as the major elements confirmed cholesterol, whereas the detection of C, O, N, and Ca as the major elements confirmed bilirubin. In the shell of the black pigment gallstone, cholesterol, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and bilirubinate were detected, whereas, in the core, bilirubinate of calcium and copper, cholesterol, protein, and calcium carbonate were detected.

Cholesterol and bilirubin are the major components of the gallstones. Metals like Al, Ca and Cu play a crucial role in the initial formation of the gallstones. The combined cholesterol gallstone has a yellow pigment center composed mainly of unconjugated bilirubin and an outer shell primarily composed of cholesterol and calcium carbonate. Precipitation of bilirubinate of calcium and copper is important during the formation of black PGS.


Lawmaking taxation and royal finance State matters Parliament and God's cause Lords and Commons Peter Wentworth revisited Elizabeth's last Parliament. Appendix: Parliamentary sessions of Elizabeth's reign and principal matters referred to in the text.


A new adaptive packet-length assisted random access (RA) scheme is proposed to improve the performance of the RA system in LEO satellite network. In the scheme, the lengths of data packets are adaptively selected with different modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) according to the transmission quality of the LEO satellite link. Based on the adaptive packet length, the protocols based on advanced slotted ALOHA are modified and analyzed. The simulation results show that the throughput of the adaptive packet-length assisted CRDSA (APL-CRDSA) is about 1.5 times larger than that of the conventional CRDSA. The packet loss rate (PLR) performance and the energy efficiency performance of the APL-CRDSA are also greater than those of the conventional CRDSA.


The research aims to determine the use of ICT-based learning models on students' learning motivation at Darul Falah High School. The object of the research was students of Class X of Darul Falah High School, namely to see whether students' abilities in ICT-based learning in geography subjects increased students learning motivation. The research method used is the classroom action research method. The term classroom action research emphasizes class as a research setting. The research developed was in the form of a cyclical review process consisting of four stages, namely (1) planning, (2) implementation, (3) observation and (4) reflection. The results of this study are students' learning motivation before participating in Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based learning. There is no enthusiasm for learning. Students chatted more, did not focus on the lesson, and did not want to discuss and do assignments well. There is no competition to get good grades, and learning objectives have not been achieved. Understanding of the subject matter has not appeared. Implementing ICT-based learning provides benefits, including being more practical and making it easier for teachers to deliver subject matter. Students find it easier to access information related to the subject matter. This is supported by facilities and infrastructure in schools that support the ICT-based learning process, namely the existence of internet facilities.


This paper begins by outlining some of the more important of the current crop of obfuscations, half-truths and fallacies which dominate both popular and professional thinking. The second section briefly examines the nature of transit technologies, the notion of supply in urban transportation and the relation between urban form and transportation. Finally an alternative is sketched which illustrates the use of "appropriate technology" to alleviate some of the transportation dysfunction that characterizes contemporary Canadian cities.


[Objective] The aim was to determine the optimum fertilizer concentration of suspending-bottle transfusion for green orange.[Method] The 6 years old green orange fruitful trees were taken as the tested materials.The formula fertilizer(N∶ P∶K=3∶1∶2) with different concn.(1,2,3,4,5,6 g/L) was applied for them by suspending-bottle transfusion.The correlation between fertilizer concn.and yield of green orange was studied and the effects of different fertilizer concn.on growth of trunk and stem diameter of green orange were studied.[Results] There was significant correlation(R2=0.765) between fertilizer concn.of suspending-bottle transfusion and yield of green orange.When fertilizer concn.was 3.45 g/L the yield of green orange was the highest(70.35 kg/plant) and the plants grown well.The fertilizer concn.of 5 g/L was the most beneficial to growth of stem diameter of green orange.But there was no significant variation in high growth of trunk with the increase of fertilizer concn..Considering all factors,fertilizer concn.of 3.00 g/L was more beneficial to growth and production of fruit trees.[Conclusion] The optimum fertilizer concn.of suspending-bottle transfusion for 6 years old green orange fruitful tree was 3.00-3.45 g/L.


SUMMARY Geological studies show evidence for temporal clustering of large earthquakes on individual fault systems. Since post-seismic deformation due to the inelastic rheology of the lithosphere may result in a variable loading rate on a fault throughout the interseismic period, it is reasonable to expect that the rheology of the non-seismogenic lower crust and mantle lithosphere may play a role in controlling earthquake recurrence times. We study this phenomenon using a 2-D, finite element method continuum model of the lithosphere containing a single strike-slip fault. This model builds on a previous study using a 1-D spring-dashpot-slider analogue of a single fault system to study the role of Maxwell viscoelastic relaxation in producing non-periodic earthquakes. In our 2-D model, the seismogenic portion of the fault slips when a predetermined yield stress is exceeded; stress accumulated on the seismogenic fault is shed to the viscoelastic layers below and recycled back to the seismogenic fault through viscoelastic relaxation. We find that random variation of the fault yield stress from one earthquake to the next can cause the earthquake sequence to be clustered; the amount of clustering depends on a non-dimensional number, W , called the Wallace number defined as the standard deviation of the randomly varied fault yield stress divided by the effective viscosity of the system times the tectonic loading rate. A new clustering metric based on the bimodal distribution of interseismic intervals allows us to investigate clustering behaviour of systems over a wide range of model parameters and those with multiple viscoelastic layers. For models with W > 1 clustering increases with increasing W , while those with W < 1 are unclustered, or quasi-periodic.


A new high-order basis function method based on the best uniform approximation theory is proposed to the solution of combined field integral equation (CFIE) for two-dimensional perfect electric conductor. The surface current is approximated by Chebyshev series. Under lower discretization than the conventional method of moments (MOM), the new high-order method can analyze the scattering problems of electrically large objects efficiently with higher precision. Numerical results for differently shaped objects have been discussed, and it is shown that the proposed method can reduce computational complexity drastically.


Deng xiaoping makes great developments to it while inheriting Mao Zedong Thoughts,which mainly reflected through three aspects:To set the aims of developing the economy by the primary stage of socialism and the characteristic of national conditions,the ways of realizing the aims and to form and stick to integrated strategic thingking.


*† ‡ The NASA Decelerator Sy stem Simulati on (DSS) has been integrated into a personal computer desktop application. It offers enhanced usability via a convenient user interface . This provides the US Army with an easy -to -use, computer application able to simulat e the dynamics of airdr opped cargo from the time of first motion in the aircraft until landing. The US Army Natick Soldier Center had previously collaborated with NASA Johnson Space Center to adapt the DSS for use as a cargo airdrop simulator. The new application is a front end to the DSS that simplifies the generation and analysis o f simulation input and output. This paper documents the work performed to devel op and validate the application .


As the foundation and core of the whole western economics, "economic man" is a history category. Since the capitalism and market economy was born and gradually grew all over the world in the end of 14th century, the content of the "economic man" role has been changing with the social development and changes of economic environment. This article starts with human-centered thinking, discussing the process of the human's improvement in market economy.


The study is to determine the effect of special price, shopping pleasure and willingness to pay on hedonic purchase and impulsive buying in suzuya department of store banda aceh, Indonesia. The population in this study is infinite so sampling is a non probability sampling. In this study, it takes 150 people as a sample. The data is tested and analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM) as a statistical method, with AMOS software as a tool. The result shows that special price effects impulsive buying; shopping pleasure effects impulsive buying; willingness to pay effects impulsive buying; special price effects on hedonic purchase; shopping pleasure effects hedonic purchase, and; willingness to pay effects the hedonic purchase. These all findings also have an implication to academic area. There will be as a reference for further research to be developed, as this research proves the causality theories and this is being a new premise/ update theories. The originality lies in the integration of the causality test from the previous researches, and also the use of SEM as a statistical approach. The limitation is in the number of variables that are only four, and with one object. . Keyword: Special Price, Shopping Pleasure, Willingness to Pay, Hedonic Purchases and Impulsive Buying.


Today, there is an increase of harmonic pollution in electrical systems due to the use of nonlinear loads. Thus, the current and voltage waveforms are nonsinusoidal. The active power-line conditioners (APLCs) are used to compensate the generated harmonics and to correct the load power factor. In this paper, a new APLC control design based on artificial neural networks is developed. Adaptive networks estimate the control reference compensation currents, and a feedforward network (trained by a backpropagation algorithm) implements the pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) control method used. An experimental prototype was built to test the proposed design. The practical results confirm the possibility and usefulness of controlling an APLC by means of artificial neural networks.


This second part of the trilogy0 about science, focus on the various fields studying science studies ("science studies", "metasciences" or "sciences of science"). Section 4 focus on the major fields (philosophy of science, history of science and sociology of science) but it also includes the minor fields scientometrics, psychology of science, information science, terminology studies and genre studies. Section 5 is about the fields of scholarly communication and knowledge organization. The main idea is that all the presented fields are important allies to information science with knowledge organization, and that information science should understand itself as a kind of science studies.


We present a hierarchical classification system for existing natural vegetation of Arkansas based on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) system. It incorporates aspects of systems in use by the Nature Conservancy, Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, Society of American Foresters, and United States Forest Service, as well as data on potential vegetation from maps by E.E. Dale and A.W. Kuchler. A total of 18 physiognomic cover types are recognized for natural terrestrial cover, 6 for palustrine cover, and 4 each for lacustrine cover and riverine cover. Over 200 community types are recognized, grouped into 57 cover types and 90 intermediate groupings. This system is appropriate for use with remotely sensed data and the level of detail dealt with can be rationally adjusted by working at a higher or lower level of the hierarchy. We suggest that this system form the basis for future vegetation analyses and research within Arkansas.


In the last years there is an increase in the interest in the study of growth factors that take part in the process of consolidation of the fracture to be used as treatment. The different types of fixations modify the natural process of the fracture healing and the production of growth factors could also be affected. There is not evidence in the literature of the effect that the intramedullary reaming has on the osteogenesis. We did a study to analyse the effect of intramedullary reaming on the production of growth factors during the process of fracture healing in the femur of rats. We did a pospective study in San Carlos Clinical Hospital from Madrid in which was made a fracture on the femur of 64 adults rats type Sprague-Dawley. The rats were divided in two main groups; each group received one different treatment: 30 rats with intramedullary nail and 34 rats did not receive any treatment. The rats of each group were sacrificed in 4 different moments: at the 24th hour, 4th, 7th and 15th days after the fracture was done, and we measured the amount of growth factors that appeared in the callus fracture, by anatomopathology study. The group in which was done the intramedullar nailing recovered normal walk after surgery. In this group were found more production of BMP and PDGF compared to the control group but did not reveal any significant difference between the groups (p> 0,05). Differences about other growth factors as TGF were not found. We conclude that in the results we have taken, the increase on BMP and PDGF could be produced by the intramedullary reaming by the surgery technique but we would need more studies.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a display control method of a terminal and the terminal, and relates to the field of communication. That a user can conveniently operate the terminal with a large touch screen with one hand is achieved; the method comprises a step of generating sector areas having corresponding sizes in positions where the touch screens of the terminal corresponds to the positions of touch control points according to a corresponding relation of the preset positions of the touch control points and the sizes and the positions of the sector areas when the condition that the touch control time of any one of the touch control points is greater than the preset threshold is detected by the terminal, wherein the terminal comprises at least one touch control point, and the sector area comprises at least one menu.


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In order to solve the mental problem and promote mental health of college students,this paper,using the self-appraisal table designed by Zung in 1971,makes evaluation on students in Guangzhou University of Fo-reign Studies. The result shows that the anxiety level of students in experiment group is lower than that of control group. It suggests that college students should participate in different sports activity for improving the mental quality and alleviating the anxiety.


The article reviews the latest developments in engines for cruise ship propulsion. Diesel-electric propulsion has gained ground and established itself as standard choice, while gas turbines may be the next step in the field of cruise ship propulsion.


Abstract : Nanoelectronic platforms, bio-detection strategies, and nanostructured materials are capable of addressing a wide range of challenges, including real-time threat monitoring. However, assembling nanomaterials into useful structures is an overarching challenge in the field. This work has focused on the synthesis of new functional materials and the development of high-throughput, facile methods to assemble nanomaterials into useful structures and was carried out as a collaboration between Prof. Chad A. Mirkin (Northwestern Univ, USA) and Prof. Seunghun Hong (Seoul National Univ, Korea). Specifically, gapped nanowires (GNW) were identified as candidate materials for synthesis and assembly as they can have programmable nanoscopic dimensions in additional to microscopic leads that facilitate electrical contact and micromanipulation. Throughout the course of this grant, we reported major accomplishments both in the synthesis and assembly of such structures. Synthetically, we report three advances: (1) the development of a method for incorporating semiconducting carbon nanotubes in the gap of segmented nanowires for high sensitivity chemical sensing, (2) the transfer of sub-10 nm nanogap patterns onto functional surfaces such as graphene, and (3) the utilization of biomaterials with GNWs for energy storage and motility assays. By way of progress in the third initiative, we have developed a facile strategy for fabricating and assembling multi-segmented nanowires functionalized with various substances such as carbon nanotubes, polypyrroles and motor proteins. Functionalizing carbon nanotube bridged wires with biological receptors allowed fabrication of biosensors that could detect DNA, biotin, and hexanal, an important proof-of-concept that leads one to believe that these structures may one day bear clinical importance. Also, we have developed fabrication methods for synthesizing nano-storage wires (NSWs) that one can use for the real-time release of biochemical molecules.


The present invention relates to a method for monitoring the operation of a medication delivery device. In particular, the present invention relates to a method comprising the steps of arranging an electronic module in the vicinity of the medication delivery device, detecting, using the electronic module, measurable signals generated in response to an action occurring within the associated medication delivery device, and storing, using storage means of the electronic module, information associated with or representing the measured signals. The present invention further relates to an electronic module capable of performing the above-mentioned method.


The dynamics of turbulence generated and controlled by polymer additives is investigated from the perspective of the coupling between polymer dynamics and flow structures. Direct numerical simulations of channel flow with Reynolds numbers ranging from 1,000 to 10,000 (based on the bulk and the channel height) are used to study the formation and dynamics of elastic instabilities and their effects on the flow. The resulting mechanism of interactions between polymer dynamics and the flow helps resolve a long-standing controversy in the understanding of polymer drag reduction and explains the phenomenon of early turbulence, or onset of turbulence at lower Reynolds numbers than for Newtonian flows, previously observed in polymeric flows.


This paper deals with

quantitative determination of three iridoids──

swertiama-tin,gentiopicroside ,sweroside and a xanthone──

swertianolin in eleven Swertia species and related plants by means of

HPLC.μ-Bondapak C18 was used as the stationary phase ,and water─

methanol─isopropanol─tetrahydrofuran(65 :30:5:1) as the mobile

phase. Analytical results were given.The similarities and diversities

of these plants were compared and discussed.


Letter from Edith M. Bonnet to Mel saying that she has included a biographical sketch for the American Academy of Pediatrics and that she is thankful for her help. Above the letter, there is a list of Bonnet's professional/educational history.


Salt‐sensitive hypertension is globally widespread and associated with increased risk of cardiovascular eventsand kidney disease. Although excess dietary salt intake is a major cause of these damaging effects, many of the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Specifically, it is not understood how the critical energy needs of the kidney are met in face of constantly changing environmental nutrients and how this affects metabolic homeostasis in the kidney.


Functional ingredients may support gastrointestinal and immune health, but little is known in cats. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of diets containing a blend of fibers, prebiotics, probiotics, and/or immune mediators on stool quality and fecal microbiota, metabolites and immune markers of cats. Twelve healthy adult domestic shorthair cats (age = 9.6±4.0 yr; BW = 3.9±1.0 kg) were used in a replicated 3x3 Latin square design to test diets containing 1) no prebiotics or probiotics (Control), 2) a fiber-prebiotic-probiotic blend-containing formula (Test1), and 3) a fiber-prebiotic-probiotic blend + immuno-modulating ingredient-containing formula (Test2). In each 28-d period, 22d of diet adaptation was followed by fecal and blood sample collection. All procedures were approved by the Kennelwood, Inc. IACUC prior to experimentation. All data were analyzed using Mixed model procedures of SAS 9.4, with significance set at P< 0.05. Fecal pH and SCFA, phenol + indole, and ammonia concentrations were lower in cats fed Control vs. Test1 or Test2 diets. Fecal score was higher (looser stools) and fecal DM was lower in cats fed Control vs. Test2 diet. Fecal butyrate was lowest in cats fed Test2 and highest in cats fed Control. Fecal total BCFA and 7-methylindole were lower in cats fed Control vs. Test1 diet. Fecal IgA concentration was lower in cats fed Test2 vs. Control or Test1 diets. Fecal bacterial alpha-diversity measures of species richness were higher in cats fed Test1 or Test2 vs. Control diet. Fecal Actinobacteria and Megasphaera were higher, and Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Prevotella were lower, in cats fed Control vs. Test1 or Test2 diets. Our results suggest that dietary fibers, prebiotics, and probiotics affect fecal microbiota, metabolites, and immune markers that may impact gastrointestinal health of cats.


Present study attempted to detect the pathogenic load in export quality shrimp samples and to demonstrate the drug resistance traits of the pathogenic isolates. Samples were found to be contaminated with Listeria spp. (1.0×10 5 cfu/g), Staphylococcus aureus (9.1×10 6 cfu/g) and Escherichia coli (1.0×10 3 cfu/g). Study of antibiogram revealed that Listeria spp. was resistant against penicillin G and ampicillin, S. aureus against trimethoprim, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and Escherichia coli against erythromycin and polymixin B. However, all the isolates were found to be susceptible against tetracycline, and most of them also exhibited a greater degree of susceptibility towards amoxicilin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacine, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and cefixime. The antibacterial activity of the shrimp blend was also examined. Interestingly, the head and body portions of the shrimp samples exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus spp. and Listeria spp.


Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the natriuretic peptide measurement combine with non-invasive hemadynamic monitor system in critical patients with dyspnea.Methods 43 critical patients of with dyspnea were divided into groups according to differental clinical diasnosis,27 patients diagnisis cardiogenic dyspnea group(left and right heart failure groups) and non-cardiogenic dyspnea groups of 16 cases,those were meaured by the natriuretic peptide and monitored by non-invasive hemadynamic monitor system.Results The natriuretic peptide level of the patients whose dyspnea were caused by heart failure were obviously higher than those of patients whose dyspnea were caused by non-heart failure(P0.05).There was no statistical difference between dyspnea induced by left heart failure group and right heart failure group(P0.05).The Parameters such as cardiac output(CO),cardiac index(CI),strike volume(SV),strike index(SI),acceleration index(ACI) and left cardiac work index(LCWI)of heart failure group were significantly lower than the parameters of dyspnea induced by non-heart failure group(P0.05).But parameters of systemic circulation peripheral vascular resistance(SVR),pre-ejection period(PEP),systolic time rate(STR)of heart failure groups were significantly higher than the parameters of non-heart failure group(P0.05).Parameters heart rate(HR),thorax fluid capacity(TFC)of right heart failure group were significantly higher than the others(P0.05).There were no statistical differences in the heart rate(HR)and mean arterial pressure(MAP)between cardiogenic dyspnea groups and non-cardiogenic dyspnea group(P0.05).Conclusion The non-invasive hemadynamic monitor system combine with the natriuretic peptide provide reliable evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment for critical patients with dyspnea.


Abstract Hydraulic fracturing or "fracking" is a relatively new method of energy extraction that makes it possible to use considerable amounts of shale gas that were hitherto unreachable. Although proponents of fracking voice their hopes for energy independence and an economic boost, fracking has been under discussion in several countries, its possible risks playing a key role when it comes to political decisions regarding the technology. This paper shall examine media discourses surrounding the usage of fracking with a specific regard to the risks that are constituted. Discourses in the UK, the US and Germany are compared, focusing on similarities and differences. These three countries are chosen since the political approach on fracking has been quite different, with the US being one of the first countries to use fracking. The corpora are analyzed with a focus on the depiction of conflictive issues in the framework of so-called agonality. The public perception of risks is shaped by their dominance in the media and the way they are phrased (e.g. as something to worry about), which means that differences in the depiction of risks between the corpora of these three countries are particularly noteworthy. Most readers will not be experts on fracking and thus rely on linguistic descriptions of the technology and its possible potentials and risks. Thus, it is important to analyze how language constitutes fracking. While all three corpora focus on risks concerning drinking water, there are major differences, e.g. when it comes to the discursive weight of earthquakes that might be caused by fracking. Although this is a risk that could affect all countries, only the UK press describes this as a serious risk. The paper also focuses on risks that are harder to grasp, e.g. threats to the traditional social structure of communities where fracking is practiced.


Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education programs in prisons have suffered due to continued overcrowding, modified schedules, limited access to facilities, 21,183 documented COVID-19 positive cases in the United States Correctional Facilities, an over 11 million documented COVID-19 positive cases in Correctional Facilities across the globe and seemingly uncontrollable outbreaks. Existing challenges for prison education programs have been substantially exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing a need to reinvigorate correspondence instruction modalities of teaching so that effective instruction in prison systems can continue. This study analyzes the current situation, strengths, weakness and opportunities available for best communication practices within the established instructional modality in prison and correspondence education during the current pandemic.


The number of Covid 19 cases is increasing and cannot be ignored considering the increase every day continues to increase. The impact of the Covid 19 pandemic has an impact on various fields, especially the economy. To avoid the increasing number of sufferers, the government limits activities that cause crowds, maintains distance and maintains hygenicity in the community in carrying out daily activities known as health protocol regulations. The behavior and actions of the community must change completely from the usual actions that are often carried out, for that it is necessary to have socialization on how to prevent the transmission of Covid 19 by implementing the health protocol that has been advised by the government. The purpose of this community service activity is to remind and help public understanding of the implementation of health protocols during the Covid 19 pandemic. The form of activities is in the form of counseling, giving hand sanitizers and masks. Lack of public awareness and knowledge about Covid-19 can be overcome by providing knowledge, through socialization about the importance of implementing this activity protocol in order to help people face New normal conditions, by helping people live by complying with health protocols. The results of the activity obtained the enthusiasm of the residents in following the activity until the end with the many questions asked. Suggestions for the Lebak Bandung Village to hold outreach activities about the prevention of Covid 19 in their environment because there are still many residents who do not understand about prevention which is only done


Novel binary and ternary nonlinear optical materials such as ZnSe, GaSe and GaAsP have been grown heteroepitaxially on foreign substrates and on orientation-patterned templates by hydride vapor phase epitaxy for frequency conversion devices.