How might we use cognitive modeling to consider the ways in which antiblackness, and racism more broadly, impact the design and development of AI systems? We provide a discussion and an example towards an answer to this question. We use the ACT-R/{\Phi} cognitive architecture and an existing knowledge graph system, ConceptNet, to consider this question not only from a cognitive and sociocultural perspective, but also from a physiological perspective. In addition to using a cognitive modeling as a means to explore how antiblackness may manifest in the design and development of AI systems (particularly from a software engineering perspective), we also introduce connections between antiblackness, the Human, and computational cognitive modeling. We argue that the typical eschewing of sociocultural processes and knowledge structures in cognitive architectures and cognitive modeling implicitly furthers a colorblind approach to cognitive modeling and hides sociocultural context that is always present in human behavior and affects cognitive processes.


This paper proposes active RFID tag drive by a thermoelectric conversion element by using temperature difference between outside air and human skin. In recent years, energy harvesting techniques have been attracting attention. Powers saving sensors driven by energy harvesting techniques are expected to eliminate maintenance such as battery replacement. Therefore, in this study, the active RFID tags were driven by the thermoelectric conversion elements by using temperature difference. Furthermore, the performance of the thermoelectric conversion elements was evaluated and compared to commercial Lithium battery. As a result, active RFID tag driven by the thermoelectric conversion element has proved to have the same performance as active RFID tag driven by Lithium battery. Therefore, it was confirmed that the driving of the active RFID tag using a thermoelectric conversion element is feasible.


As the U.S. recoils from the terrorist acts of September 11 and its first exposure to bio-terrorism, it is tempting for those who develop public policy to concentrate upon the immediate and demanding counter-terrorism tasks. Likewise, the stagnating economy, with growing unemployment exacerbated by the same terrorist acts, rivets the attention of policymakers. Americans can hardly believe the radical changes in the positive view of life held only a little more than a year ago as the nation passed through the fabulous decade of entrepreneurial vigor, technology leaps, and heady productivity and economic growth, not to mention the historic switch from budget deficit to surplus. It is tempting to focus political energy, as in the counter-terrorism efforts, on the immediate actions necessary to restoring economic performance. Tempting, necessary, but dangerously myopic if all attention is focused on these immediate tasks. Public policy must also concern itself with tomorrow's economic health. Some thought and planning must go into setting the conditions that will allow economic growth to continue with as few obstacles as possible over the long run. That is the theme of this article. It will propose a set of public policies targeted on enabling sustained growth over the new several decades by putting into place a 21st century transportation infrastructure. This proposal is called the "Third Transportation Revolution."


The authors propose to investigate the dynamics of plasmas in the warm dense matter (WDM) regime on ultra-short time scales. Accessible plasma conditions are in the density range of n = 10{sup 20} - 10{sup 23} cm{sup -3} and at moderate temperatures of T = 1 - 20 eV. These plasmas are of importance for laboratory astrophysics, high energy density science and inertial confinement fusion. They are characterized by a coupling parameter of {Lambda} {approx}> 1, where electromagnetic interactions are of the same order as the kinetic energy. The high density of the plasma makes it opaque to radiation in the visible range and, as a consequence, UV up to x-ray radiation can be used to probe such systems. Therefore a wide range in the temperature-density plane of WDM is presently unexplored and only the VUV-FEL opens for the first time the opportunity for its detailed investigation. In equilibrium, the macroscopic state of the plasma is completely characterized by its density and temperature. In pump-probe experiments however, the plasma is initially in a nonequilibrium state and relaxes towards equilibrium within the relaxation time {tau}{sub R}. For t > {tau}{sub R}, the plasma is in an equilibrium state and expands hydrodynamicallymore » on a time scale {tau}{sub H}. The proposed experiment measures the time-resolved Thomson scattering signal with the VUV-FEL radiation characterizing the plasma in equilibrium and nonequilibrium states. Both regimes are extremely interesting and will provide new insight into the following phenomena: (1) details of nonequilibrium correlations, (2) relaxation phenomena, (3) hydrodynamic expansion, (4) recombination kinetics. The time-resolved Thomson scattering signal is obtained in a pump-probe experiment by varying the delay between pump and probe. The final stage of the relaxation process (t {approx} {tau}{sub R}) is of special interest since the plasma components (electrons and ion species) can be assumed to be in quasi-equilibrium. This allows for accurate measurements of the electron temperature using the detailed balance relation. For times t {approx} {tau}{sub H}) the hydrodynamic expansion of the plasma sets in. Detailed information on the evolution of the plasma in this regime is available from sophisticated hydrodynamic computer simulations which can be tested with the proposed measurements. With the decreasing plasma density due to the expansion, recombination processes become important and need to be considered as well.« less


It should be a standard of modern education that "to create a kind of education suited to students." In order"to be suitable to students",we ought to know first at all,what our students are,what kind of attribute and characteristics do they have?The students being in the process of education have the attribute of the indenpendent body,initiative body,and developing body;"Education suited to students"must be a kind of education which is guided by the outlook of the individuality education,the indenpendent body education,and creative education.


Abstract Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., is a publishing company which specializes in biomedical journals, having grown rapidly since its establishment in 1980. Its founder and publisher explains her views on journal publishing, especially [he proliferation of new journals and rising subscription prices.


Summary In a sample of incarcerated sexual offenders, violent sexual behavior was found to be associated with a general impulsive and aggressive lifestyle and often times this was a sequel of a criminal socialization with nonsexual violent felonies in the past. Magnetic resonance tomography could detect numerous abnormalities in those offenders who were most violent. Offenders with brain abnormalities could be found to exhibit differences in processing social cue reading and emotions. In offenders without brain abnormalities self-perceived aggression was found to be triggered by social unassertiveness and avoidance, and was found to be negatively associated with interactional anxiety. No such interrelations could be found in the brain abnormality group. A deficient social cue reading processing in offenders exhibiting multisite brain abnormalities is hypothesized.


The case of Rome is of course a special one. But it really deserves being investigated here, because the provided examples offer a very broad range of solutions, then to be observed elsewhere. First, it should be noticed that the pagan imperial monuments were not transformed into churches, but functioned as defensive structures. And for the mausolea (re)used as churches, there are variations as to the moment of their conversion: immediately for Helen's mausoleum, a few centuries later for the one of Constantina and both of those adjoining the transept of St. Peter in Vatican. For the mausolea holding the remains of Constantine's mother and daughter, the more or less early recognition of their holiness is in close relation with the devotional and cultual practices in situ ; for the two Vatican examples, it has been necessary to bring relics in order to convert the previous mausoleum into a true sanctuary.


As an invasive species spreads and increases in density across a landscape over time, the costs of locating and controlling it also change. Human intervention must therefore be spatially and temporally sensitive if it is to achieve the goal of minimizing net losses from the spread of invasive species. The three main, interdependent policy interventions are prevention, early detection and rapid response (EDRR), and control.


Summary

1. A marked deficiency of the low activity carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme (CAI) has been found in chinchillas, resulting in a 90% reduction in CAI.

2. The trace of CAI found in deficient animals exhibits a similar immunological reaction and electrophoretic migration to the usual CAI (+).


For many years, various agencies involved with mental health J have tried to remove the stigm? associated with mental illness.


PURPOSE: The study aimed at determining the relationship between refraction and anthropometric measurements and the relationship between the level of education and refractive status in a Nigerian young adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy volunteers from the students and staff of a teaching hospital in South-Western Nigeria were studied. Demographic profiles including participants' highest educational status, parental educational level, and the age at first formal school enrollment were documented. The height and weight of the participants were measured. Noncycloplegic objective refraction was determined with autorefractor, and the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of the right eye was used for analysis. SPSS 16 was used to explore the relationships between refraction, height, weight, and body mass index and the educational status of the participants. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-nine adults with a mean age of 28.4 ± 6.5 years comprising 116 males and 123 females were studied. The mean height, weight, body mass index, and right eye SER were 1.7 ± 0.1 m, 64.4 ± 12.2 kg, 23.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2, and −0.8 ± 1.4 D, respectively. Height was negatively correlated with the SER (R = −0.3, P < 0.01) in males but not in females. Refraction was not significantly related to weight or body mass index. Participants with higher levels of education were more likely to be myopic. Higher parental education and early formal school enrollment were significantly associated with myopia. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a significant positive relationship between height and myopia in male participants but not in females. Individual as well as parental higher levels of education have also shown a positive association with myopic tendency.


We have investigated the effect of 8‐Br‐cyclic adenosine 3′:5′ monophosphate (cAMP), a pharmacological activator of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase, on the proliferation and the nuclear proto‐oncogene induction in a murine granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)‐dependent myeloid cell line. Cells were growth arrested by granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and serum deprivation and were allowed to proceed in the cell cycle by addition of the lymphokine in the presence or absence of 8‐Br‐cAMP.3H‐thymidine incorporation assays showed that addition of 8‐Br‐cAMP inhibited the entry of cells into S phase and the subsequent proliferation. Northern analysis showed that 8‐Br‐cAMP had opposite effects on c‐fos and c‐myc mRNA induction. 8‐Br‐cAMP induced c‐fos in the absence of any GM‐CSF. In the presence of GM‐CSF, c‐fos mRNA was superinduced (30‐fold induction compared to four‐ to fivefold by each signal alone). On the contrary, 8‐Br‐cAMP was not able to induce c‐myc in the absence of growth factor and hardly interfered with the induction of c‐myc by GM‐CSF. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a pharmacological activator of the lipid and CA++ ‐dependent protein kinase C, was shown to induce nuclear proto‐oncogene mRNA in the GM‐CSF‐dependent cell line. We investigated the effect of 8‐Br‐cAMP on PMA‐induced c‐fos and c‐myc mRNA levels. When both cAMP dependent and lipid‐dependent kinase systems were co‐stimulated in the absence of GM‐CSF, c‐fos message was again superinduced (60‐fold induction). On the contrary, c‐myc message induction by PMA was inhibited by 80% by coactivation of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase with 8‐Br‐cAMP. Our data indicate that an antiproliferative signal induces or even superinduces c‐fos message and hardly interferes with c‐myc induction, suggesting that the intracellular pathways resulting in c‐fos and c‐myc induction may be distinct and that two different pathways can lead to c‐fos induction, with synergistic effects when both are activated.


Abstract Nuclear weapons have been in existence only twenty years and have been used in war only twice. The rapid advances in their technology have not been accompanied by an equally rapid advance in the understanding of the social and biological effects of their use, and of how—or whether—a defense against them can be prepared. Considering the present state of knowledge in this field it is to be expected that scientists will disagree. Nine Project Harbor participants, seven other scientists, and S/C's Scientific Advisory Board continue the discussion opened in the May-June issue.


Examined in this article are the lives of Balhae refugees who came to Goryeo in the early years, and how they pursued careers in the government or mingled with the Goryeo people through marriages. Also examined is the meaning of all that, and this study tried to present some angles that may not completely agree with previous studies. First, there is the issue of the Dae Jib-seong house, whose leader with the same name was more than successful than many fellow Balhae refugees-turned-Goryeo citizens. He had a career as a governmental official, and also had a marital relationship with a famous Goryeo household. We cannot overly generalize Dae Jib-seong's case, and must not interpret it to be symbolizing many if not most of the Balhae-Goryeo citizens' lives (and possible successes). But Dae Jib-seong's case is a confirmed, verifiable working material that is definitely useful in trying to trace their entry process into Goryeo domain and the Goryeo people's view of their addition to their society. Previous studies considered Dae Jib-seong's success, as well as the marriage with a formidable Goryeo house, as a politically staged event arranged to lure them and make use of their talents, but this study considered the possibility that his success was a result of all the military service he provided during the early years of Goryeo history. If he was decorated for merely political reasons, as assumed in previous studies, the influence of his household would not have been able to last very long, but his family's name survived long after Choi Chung-heon, his son Choi Wu, the entire Choi regime, and even Dae Jib-seong himself, all died and went away. Second, there is the issue of countless Balhae souls that previous studies tended not to include in statistical approaches, as the exact number of them was too difficult to determine. Attempted in this study is to determine how and where these nameless Balhae refugees would have been relocated. Previous studies believed that these Balhae people were not allowed to relocate in groups, but in this study, based upon a fact that Dae Gwang-hyeon and his faction were ordered (and permitted) to guard Baekju(白州, now Baecheon, in the Hwang'hae-do province) which was a strategically important region at the time, and the case of Hong Gyeon(洪見) who surrendered to Goryeo with a fleet of 20 ships, it is assumed that Goryeo was in need of their military assets, and in order to put them to good use, the Goryeo government might have allowed some of the Balhae people to live with their original colleagues, in groups. Third, a person named Injeom(仁占), who had a title Daesang(大相) according to 『Goryeo-sa(高麗史)』, was examined in this study, and based upon genealogical records of the Yeongsun Tae House(永順太氏族譜) and the Hyeobgye Tae House(陜溪太氏族譜), this study presumed that his last name may have been "Dae(大氏)," the typical last name of many if not all Balhae refugees. This matter should be pursued more in future studies. Based upon these three possibilities kept in mind, the general idea of this study is that the Balhae refugees and their descendants would have established a lasting presence inside the Goryeo society, both the central capital and local regions, and integrated themselves in many layers of the Goryeo society.


[Objective] The aim was to study the changes of absorbance of nitrate nitrogen under different concentrations of COD.[Method] The concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the standard solution was measured by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and the effects of seven organic substances with various COD concentrations on the absorbance of nitrate nitrogen were analysed.[Result] When the COD concentration of glucose,methanol and ether reached 15 000,20 000 and 15 000 mg/L respectively,there was no obvious influence on the absorbance of nitrate nitrogen.Meanwhile,while the COD concentration of formaldehyde,benzene and acetic acid reached 75 000,16 000 and 7 500 mg/L respectively,the absorbance of nitrate nitrogen increased by five times,one times and eight times respectively.In addition,when the COD concentration of acetone was up to 10 000 mg/L,the absorbance of nitrate nitrogen decreased by 14 times.Therefore,ultraviolet spectrophotometry,used in the detection of nitrate nitrogen in water sample with organic matter,was simple and rapid,but this method had a certain rang and limitation.[Conclusion] The study could provide references for the discussion on the feasibility of ultraviolet spectrophotometry in the determination of nitrate nitrogen concentration.


In the technology today, user-based authentication and password are now widely used in all information systems and services. Most of the university also uses this type of authentication method for many services, but the password is in danger. By providing a password-protected verification system for the most usable and secure organization. In the old days, the password was used as the best authentication system to prevent unauthorized access. Now the technology in the authentication system is growing day by day so that the password is changed to be more secure. However, the vulnerability of this traditional system has prompted the industry and researchers to find a new alternative where there is no threat such as theft, hacking and cracking passwords. This study discusses in more detail the key strategies for verifying the authenticity of a password in detail and sets out an attempt to explain details and process of each technology. The paper consists of an extensive review of the research conducted in past several years and this research study has presented a review of recent research works which are mainly conducted for improvising the security with the end to end encryption process.


Accuracy of context is critical in efforts to improve the translational potential of preclinical oncology models. Pancreatic cancer has high mortality and current models are insufficient for advancing therapeutics. Here we note key observations in the ongoing development of a new pancreatic cancer mouse model designed to enable translational immuno-oncology and/or tumor microenvironment (TME) targeted therapeutics in a "triple-humanized" orthotopic context including: 1) tumor: bioluminescent PD-L1+ BxPC3-Red-FLuc human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells surgically implanted into the pancreas of aged NSG™ mice; 2) T cells: human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from a healthy donor and shown to respond to PD-1 inhibition; and 3) tumor-tropic stem-like stromal cells: bone-marrow (BM) derived human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) derived from a healthy donor. MSCs are described to home to PDAC stroma where they react to TME and contribute to PDAC progression via pleiotropic therapeutic refractory effects including stromal remodeling favoring effector immunosuppression, angiogenesis and desmoplasia. To assess the role of MSCs in PDAC response to PD-1 blockade, we injected BxPC3-Red-FLuc cells into the pancreas of 14-week NSG™ mice, +/-MSCs; coinjected animals received weekly MSCs bolus injections to simulate continuous migration from BM. Some groups concurrently received PBMCs characterized for aPD-1 response. Ten days after injection with human cells, animals were randomized by tumor radiance into treatment groups administered +/- 150µg anti-human PD-1 mAb (clone: EH12.2H7) (aPD-1) 2x/week. Immunohistochemistry analysis of tumors was performed. Engraftment/characterization of PBMCs was assessed by flow cytometry of PB in-life and spleen at terminus. MSCs alone did not increase primary tumor growth, but PBMC engraftment was increased by administration of MSC. Tumor growth was decreased with PBMC but primary tumor growth was increased in animals receiving PBMC+MSC compared to PBMC alone. The antigen-experienced status of the T cells was not affected by MSC treatment. In contrast, the diversity of engrafting T cells was increased by MSC treatment. Strikingly, aPD-1 treatment completely suppressed PBMC engraftment, regardless of MSC presence. This work details ongoing development of a contextually improved "triple-humanized" mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Key findings agree with recent findings of the importance of timing in aPD-1 treatment in humanized models and clinical applications. Citation Format: Benjamin G. Cuiffo, Caitlin S. Parello, Chelsea Ritchie, Alexandra Kury, Scott Anderson, Gregory D. Lyng, Stephen T. Sonis. Early PD-1 inhibition abrogates PBMC engraftment in a triple-humanized (tumor/PBMC/MSC) bioluminescent orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1146.


The regime pattern in the early of the Republic of China repeated between the Cabinet System and the Presidential System.Each of them was the achievement of the Revolution of 1911. The party politics showed a glorious view,but it's naive nature can't be covered up. All of the Political parties,such as the Republican Party, the Kuomintang and the Democratic Party,were failed to preserve the regime pattern of Bourgeois.When Yuan Shikai set up his Military dictatorship, the regime pattern in the early of the Republic of China had destined to be a failure.


Spontaneous rupture of uterine wall has been seen to follow previous perforation during a dilatation and curettage; also in cases of manual removal of placenta where excessive amount of myometrium is removed. Traumatic rupture during delivery was most often produced by internal podalic version and breech extraction. Other causes of traumatic rupture include difficult forceps delivery, breech extraction and unusual fetal enlargement such as hydrocephalus. Rupture uterus caused by fundal pressure to try to accomplish vaginal delivery is practically reprehensible. A total of 19,605 deliveries were conducted during the two year study period at a tertiary care hospital. There were total of 35 cases of uterine rupture managed in the hospital during this period. In the present study, out of 35 cases, 2 cases had VVF (5.7%) both of them were treated conservatively (catheterised for 21 days) one case had undergone re-laparotomy (2.9%) after subtotal hysterectomy. Out of 35 cases maternal mortality were 3 (8.6%). In the present study, out of 35 cases 24 babies were dead (68.6%), 9 (25.7%) babies were stillborn and 2 (5.7%) of babies were alive.


Summary Background The definition of 'long-COVID syndrome' (LCS) is still debated and describes the persistence of symptoms after viral clearance in hospitalized or non-hospitalized patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aim In this study, we examined the prevalence and the risk factors of LCS in a cohort of patients with previous COVID-19 and followed for at least 6 months of follow-up. Design We conducted a prospective study including all hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 at our center of Infectious Diseases (Vercelli, Italy) admitted between 10 March 2020 and 15 January 2021 for at least 6 months after discharge. Two follow-up visits were performed: after 1 and 6 months after hospital discharge. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were recorded at each visit. Results A total of 449 patients were included in the analysis. The LCS was diagnosed in 322 subjects at Visit 1 (71.7%) and in 206 at Visit 2 (45.9); according to the post-COVID-19 functional status scale we observed 147 patients with values 2–3 and 175 with values >3 at Visit 1; at Visit 2, 133 subjects had the score between 2–3 and 73 > 3. In multivariate analysis, intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR = 2.551; 95% CI = 1.998–6.819; P = 0.019), time of hospitalization (OR = 2.255; 95% CI = 1.018–6.992; P = 0.016) and treatment with remdesivir (OR = 0.641; 95% CI = 0.413–0.782; P < 0.001) were independent predictors of LCS. Conclusions Treatment with remdesivir leads to a 35.9% reduction in LCS rate in follow-up. Severity of illness, need of ICU admission and length of hospital stay were factor associated with the persistence of PCS at 6 months of follow-up.


Chapter One: The social context of immigrant language learning Chapter Two: Second language learning as gendered practice Chapter Three: Gendered narratives of immigrant language learners Chapter Four: The sociohistorical construction of parental involvement in education Chapter Five: Gendered positioning in ESL classroom activities Chapter Six: Changing gender ideologies in local communities Chapter Seven: Gendered identities and language learning: Continuing the dialogueReferencesAppendix A: Discourse transcription conventionsAppendix B: Focal participants' demographicsAppendix C: Data collected on participants


This paper deals with the effect of a metallic salt treatment on the antibacterial activity of cellulosic fabrics against three kinds of bacteria: gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Two kinds of cellulose fabrics are treated with the metallic salts CuSO4 and ZnSO4. The fabrics are pretreated with succinic acid anhydride to make adsorption of metallic salts more effective. This pretreatment is very effective at increasing the amount of metal ions adsorbed, and is more prominent in Cu ion than in Zn ion. The degree of antibacterial activity of samples treated with Cu salt against one of the S. aureus increases with an increasing amount of adsorbed Cu ion. A similar tendency is observed for the samples treated with Zn salt, although its correlation is not as clear as for Cu ion. Antibacterial activity is also confirmed against K. pneumoniae. The degree of antibacterial activity of samples treated with Cu salt against MRSA is almost independent of the amount of Cu ion adsorbed, and the tendency is similar for samples treated with Zn salt. After ten laundering cycles, the effect of the treatment is maintained. We conclude that these treatments are very effective in providing antibacterial activities to cellulose fabrics.


Medicine department at the Wellington Town Hall during the 1918 influenza epidemic. Shows where the standard mixture and tonic were prepared and bottled. Mrs Waters (right) was in charge. Taken by an unidentified photographer.
This image is a copy neg from the New Zealand Free Lance, 5 December, 1918, page 13
The Town Hall was the centre from which the voluntary aid workers operated.
Quantity: 1 b&w copy negative(s).


The object of transfer alignment from a reference master navigation system to a slave navigation system onboard a moving vehicle is to estimate the angular misalignment between the two. For a large sized ship moving in the sea, the total misalignment between two points would comprise of a static constant angle and a dynamic bending angle. Use of angular rate difference as measurement of the Kalman Filter has been proved to be effective for transfer alignment under such conditions. In this paper, using simulation results, we study the effect of some factors and filter parameters that influence the estimation accuracy and convergence speed of the state estimates of Kalman Filter when used in the angular rate matching method for transfer alignment on moving base. It has been shown that the observability of process and the estimation accuracy have dependence on mutual correlation between angular motion of the ship and its dynamic deformation. Stronger correlation increases the estimation errors, whereas larger amplitude of angular motion reduces them. Further, the filter parameters have been modified to reduce the effect of process noise, on the outset and then gradually returned to the nominal filter values. This can increase the convergence speed of estimation. Finally on the basis of conclusions drawn recommendations are made which can improve the accuracy and speed of angular rate matching shipboard transfer alignment.


Objective To study the effects of water soluble azone on the viability and ultrastructure of corneal endothelial cells of the rabbit cultured in vitro in order to determine the safe concentration of the drug in its clinical application to ophthalmologic patients. Methods Corneal endothelial cells of the rabbit were cultured in vitro with the digestion method.Cells of the 3~(rd) or 4~(th) generation were inoculated to 96-well plates with a concentration of 1×10~(4 )cells·L~(-1).The cells were then divided into 8 groups one of which serving as control with no addition of water soluble azone.To the remaining 7 groups of cells water soluble azone was added to bring about the drug concentrations of 0.001,0.005,0.010,0.050,0.100,0.500 and 1.000(g·L~(-1)),respectively.Viability of the cells were determined with the MTT method 24 h later.Cells of the 3~(rd) or the 4~(th) generation in a concentration of 1×10~(4) cells·L~(-1)described above were pipetted onto sterile slides.Water soluble azone in concentration of(0.010),0.100 and 0.500 g·L~(-1) was added to these cells,acting for 10 min.The ultrastructure of the cells was then examined under the scanning electron microscope.Besides,rabbit corneal endothelial cells in primary culture were subjected to the action of water soluble azone in the same concentrations described above for 10 min followed by electron microscopic examination as well. Results The viability of cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells in their 3~(rd) or 4~(th) generation was not significantly affected by water soluble azone in concentrations≤0.100 g·L~(-1)acting for 24 h.The drug in concentrations≥0.500 g·L~(-1),however,was shown to cause a reduction of the cell viability after acting for 24 h(P0.01).The 10 min action of water soluble azone in concentration≤0.100 g·L~(-1)was shown to result in slit formations on the memborane of the rabbit corneal endothelial cells but no significant changes in the organelles as shown by electron microscopy.Water soluble azone in concentrations≥0.500 g·L~(-1),however,led to apoptosis of most of the cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells. Conclusion Water soluable azone at concentrations no higher than 0.100 g·L~(-1) was shown to have no harmful effects on the viability and ultrastructure of cultured rabbit corneal endothelial cells and may increase the permeability of the cell membrane to the drug.Water soluble azone may also be used in the research work of gene transfection of corneal endothelial cells.


The present invention relates to a technique for to hear the music in order to heal also free for downloading content from the outside in a mobile communication terminal such as a mobile phone display information such as lyrics. The first step of this invention, set a music file to print when downloading content via wireless Internet in accordance with user requirements and; After displaying the list of content downloaded by accessing the web server over a wireless Internet a second step of downloading the content that you specify, and among them; A third step of reading out the set to a music file while the content is downloaded and output playback, displays the lyrics of the music file and the download progress and; Check that the content download completion of operation is achieved by a fourth step of stopping the display and generates a melody sound.


We study Minkowski supersymmetric flux vacua of type II string theory. Based on the work by M. Graña, R. Minasian, M. Petrini and A. Tomasiello, we briefly explain how to reformulate things in terms of Generalized Complex Geometry, which appears to be a natural framework for these compactifications. In particular, it provides a mathematical characterization of the internal manifold, and one is then able to find new solutions, which cannot be constructed as usual via T‐dualities from a warped T6 solut ion. Furthermore, we discuss how, thanks to a specific change of variables, one can ease the resolution of the orientifold projection constraints pointed out by P. Koerber and D. Tsimpis. One is then able to find new solutions with intermediate SU(2) structure. This contribution is mainly based on references [1] and [2]. Due to size constraints, several details and some citations are missing. For completeness, please have a look at [1].


Problem statement: Childhood is an integral time for literacy development and the aim of this article is to closely examine what pedagogical strategies were most effective to promote literacy learning with a group of six to nine year old children. This case study investigates how the use of specific literacy and drama-based strategies prepared and stimulated young children's understanding and appreciation of a Shakespeare play. Approach: The study was conducted over a period of three months in a multi-age Montessori primary classroom in Vancouver, Canada. Over 600 writing samples from the class of 22 children were analyzed. Eight classroom observations by the author and another researcher were documented, using field notes, still photo images and video. Interviews with the teacher, parents and children were undertaken and two years after the study, a focus group was conducted with eight of the original children who had participated in the initial research. Using a qualitative research approach, the data was analyzed in search of recurring patterns and themes that highlighted literacy strategies where children's understanding and engagement with Shakespeare was most effective. Results and Conclusion: It was observed that five particular writing and drawing strategies (word wall, journal, character masks, letters and newspaper) allowed the children to develop a greater understanding and appreciation of Shakespeare's work. The above literacy strategies fostered vocabulary development, understanding of plot and character motivations and the ability for the children to rehearse and perform the Shakespeare play for their peers and family. Member checking with a randomly selected group of children two years later and written feedback from parents confirmed key learning outcomes that occurred during the study.


The following three problems are considered in the article: 1) calculation of the sequence Pn(u) an unruin probability at the step n and u an initial capital; 2) calculation Pt(u) an unruin probability before a moment t and u an initial capital; 3) calculation an unruin probability P(u) as a solution of a difference equation, when the distribution functions are given as gistogramms. Some numerical examples are given


Abstract The extraction of 10 phenolic acids from aqueous solutions was investigated by liquid-liquid partition chromatography using four diluents of various polarities: cyclohexane, benzene, di-n-butyl ether and diisobutyl ketone. Apparent solvation numbers were estimated from log D vs log% TBP plots. It is demonstrated that even low concentrations of TBP cause a significant increase of extraction of organic acids.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a seed quality of seeds has been improved by using a method other than the germination inhibitors from plant seeds. In An intensive farming, good, it is important to provide a high-quality seeds to the rapid and-uniform germination. The present invention relates to a method of processing plant seed. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for treating plant seeds by using such a method. .FIELD 1a


It is an important trend in development of drying technology to popuiarize and utilize indirect dryer which is benefit to energy conservation and environment.Design feature and operating principle of pan rotary dryer and tube rotary dryer are emphasized in this paper,and the particle transfer model to calculate heat transfer coefficient is also put forward.At the same,the dangerous position and check content of the rotor of pan rotary dryer and tube rotary dryer are also summarized.


The effects of long lasting insecticide treated bednet (LLNs) on Lutzomyia longiflocosa, a presumed main vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Colombia were evaluated. Controlled experiments were earned out using tunnel. WHO cones, and the Skovmand device, modified for sandflies. In this bioassays, four washed (standard and traditional) and unwashed LLNs. treated in factory (alphacypermethrin and deltamethrin, two doses) or by the do it yourself method (lambdacyhalothrin) were evaluated. Deltametluin and lambdacyhalothrin LLNs were evaluated in experimental huts. These LLNs were evaluated in an intervention trial in 21 rural settlements on the sub-Andean region of Huila department dining two years, hi the controlled experiments, the four LLNs caused high mortality (>80%) up to 20 standard washes. The traditional washed caused high mortality, but up to 10 washes. The LLNs produced the following effects on L. Jovgiflocosa'. knock down, initancy. inhibition of passing through the net and feeding inhibition. Lambdacyhalothrin and deltametluin LLNs produced the best results. The experimental huts caused high mortality, passing through the net and landing inhibition and induced exophily. The protective effect of both LLNs was high (70-90%). For the intervention trial, both LLNs caused a significantly reduction (70% approximately) in the indoors abundance of L. Jovgiflocosa up to two years post-intervention. The percentage of fully-fed females was also reduced. The high efficacy and effectiveness of LLNs against L. Jovgiflocosa was demonstrated in different scales. Therefore, the use of LLNs may have strong impact in the control of CL along the sub-Andean region.


Abstract The output from some pulsed ultrasonic transmitters commonly used in fish movement studies is faintly audible to humans. This study was undertaken to determine if the output from these and some other transmitters is detectable by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Classical conditioning of cardiac deceleration was attempted using the transmitter's output as the conditioned stimulus. The results from 29 experimental and 14 control fish suggest that the parr were unable to detect the output from these transmitters.


Objective  : To report the CT appearances of primary and metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) Design  : Descriptive study Study time : January 2007 – December 2008 Method : The clinical and CT findings of 4 patients with histological and immuno histochemical (IHC) diagnosis of GIST were reviewed. The CT findings were assessed for location , size , enhancement characteristics , and pattern of metastasis. Result : Clinical features   The population consisted of 2 men and 2 women, age range abont 20 – 74 years old (mean age 46 years). Most of patients presented with Abdominal pain and 3 of them have gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia.   CT features   The tumors were gastric (n=2), enteric (n=1) and mesentery, without Involvement of  bowel (n=1). Primary tumors were endophytic and exophytic 50%, aneurysmal dilation of  bwel 25% and large mass at mesentery 25%, larger than 5 cm. (6-10 cm.) 75%, and inhomogenous enhanment 100%. Metastatic disease was found in liver (n=1) and mesentery (n=1) Conclusion : GIST is a new classification for agroup of mesenchymal tomurs that predominantly exhibit an altered oncogene, KIT (CD 117). These tumons are different in behavior and immunology from the better known smooth  muscle  tumors of  the  gastrointestinal  tract . Radiologist can often predict the correct diagnosis at presentation by the appearance of  a large endophytic and  exophytic  bowel mass, which may show necrosis or hemorrhage. Like lymphoma, GIST can  also show aneurismal diratation of bowel. Metastasis  were most commonly to the liver and seeding in peritoneal cavity ( mesentery, omentum, peritoeum) Keywords  : CT findings, GIST


This course explores major movements in North American popular music. Topics include blues, jazz, hillbilly, country, musical theatre, folk, and rock music. This library guide demonstrates a few sources to begin exploring to get you started. This course explores major movements in North American popular music. Topics include blues, jazz, hillbilly, country, musical theatre, folk, and rock music. This library guide demonstrates a few sources to begin exploring to get you started.


The optimal and distributed provisioning of high coverage capacity in mobile sensor networks is known as a fundamental but hard problem. The situation is exacerbated in a mobile wireless setting due to the dynamic coverage of a mobile sensor network resulting from continuous movement of sensors. In this paper, we propose an optimization framework for maximizing the coverage capacity in mobile sensor networks that comprise both stationary sensors (SSs) and mobile sensors (MSs). Both the intracoverage capacity and the intercoverage capacity are jointly optimized by considering the control of the power and distance between MSs and SSs and the interference among MSs. We propose a new noncooperative control algorithm that iteratively solves intracoverage capacity optimization between MSs and SSs. We also further formulate intercoverage capacity as evolutionary coalition game and present a new cooperative interference control algorithm that iteratively solves intercoverage capacity optimization among MSs. We prove the existence of a solution for iteration control equation of the power and distance and the interference to maximize the coverage capacity. Finally, we assess the performance of the proposed algorithm and show that proposed control scheme can effectively improve the average coveragecapacity in mobile sensor networks.


Mycosis fungoides may rarely simulate facial erysipelas. In a patient with that clinical presentation, a biopsy specimen revealed a diffuse dermal infiltrate with numerous neutrophils that also mimicked erysipelas histopathologically. The diagnosis of mycosis fungoides was made on the basis of atypical lymphocytes with focal epidermo‐ and folliculotropism. It was confirmed by typical findings of mycosis fungoides in a second biopsy from a clinically inconspicuous patch. An identical T‐cell receptor γ‐gene rearrangement was detected in lymphocytes of both biopsy specimens.


Threonine deaminase from a mutant of Escherichia coli growing alternatively with isoleucine or pyridoxine is a dimer, whereas the wild-type enzyme is a tetramer.


The existence of a geometrical and an electrokinetical radius of an ion is suggested. An equation is worked out representing the electrokinetical radius as a function of the geometrical radius and the thickness of the ionic atmosphere.


This research explores the main features of three blockchain-based platforms for the Internet of Things, as recently emerged in academia as well as in industry. If properly engineered, the blockchain technology offers a disruptive solution to the problem of security and privacy in the Internet of Things environment, providing a new computational layer where data can be safely processed and analyzed, remaining private. The blockchain can also enable micro-payment functionality between digitally-enhanced devices, through ultra-light cryptocurrencies and smart contracts. The implementation of such features is expected to ensure a more efficient allocation of resources at global level, however it may also lead to undesirable consequences – such as a hyper-tokenization of society and a potentially dystopian concentration of power on big global platforms. Therefore, overall benefits and drawbacks of the blockchain deployment must necessarily take account of specific contexts of use, finding a balance between need for innovation, economic development and social sustainability.


It is very important to popularize the computer to plate technology(CPT) using the conventional pre-sensitized plate in our printing and packaging industry.In this paper,a novel nitrogen plasma light source stimulated by RF electrodeless field discharge is reported.By using it,a commercial PS plate from Chinese Academy of Printing Technology is successfully exposed.The spectrum analysis shows the lamp we developed is more suitable for PS plate exposure than very popularly used iodine gallium lamp.And further,the optimum parameters of our light source were explored from the RF power and working pressure.Under the conditions of incident power 160W,working pressure 230Pa with two focalized lens,an optical power density of 2.23mW/cm2 is obtained.At last,the exposure result of PS plate with our UV light source is represented..


Normal shoulder function requires a balanced relationship between glenohumeral mobility and glenohumeral stability. Restoration of shoulder function following an injury or surgery requires an appropriately outlined physical therapy program directed by the treating physician. Rehabilitation of the shoulder following a rotator cuff repair is variable and is dependent not only on the qualityof the repair, but also on the tear size and extent of medial retraction. The first phase of therapy focuses on pain control, restoration of motion within specific guidelines while preserving the integrity of the repair. When tendon healing is complete, active motion exercises are instituted. Strengthening exercises are added during the third phase of therapy, and functional strengthening is instituted prior to a return to full activity. It is important that the operating physician is intimately involved with creating the rehabilitation protocol of each patient and that there is an open line of communication between the physician, patient, and therapist.


Directed at the common phenomenon existed in Chongqing, which being the rupture of concrete road blocks, the factors; loading, temperature, length of road blocks, crack of blocks that have caused the rupture of concrete road blocks were analyzed in this article. Some relevant suggestions for the design of concrete road blocks were brought forward.


At present, the representatives of the country's small farming sector are interested in using digital technologies in their economic and socio-cultural life. The possibility of using new digital technologies presupposes the presence of a certain level of education and special competencies, in connection with which such a form of acquiring knowledge as self-education is becoming widespread. Basing on the results of the analysis, a tendency for a significant increase in the involvement of representatives of small agribusiness in the process of self-education in groups with higher, vocational or secondary general education was revealed. It was found that on average 4-5% of the working-age population employed in the rural economy remotely improve their educational level and use electronic libraries. The use of the Internet is most often carried out to provide access to electronic government services, search for suppliers, sales sites for products, and obtain the required operational information. Mostly the use of its opportunities is focused on goals that are remotely related to improving the social potential of small farms: to pay for services or transfer money, submit or search for advertisements for the sale of things, as a means of communication on social networks, tracking news, entertainment and pleasure (music, games), etc. The current situation can be characterized as insufficient use of the existing potential opportunities present in the rural society. The use of digital technologies, in particular, the Internet, requires a change in the arrangement of current priorities to build up economic and economic potential, among which the sociological monitoring of the most demanded branches of knowledge, the modernization of education and its adaptation to the specifics of the rural way of life, an increase in general and specialized competencies of small farm owners and workers.


This paper deals with usage of Visual Basic in Excel in pricing
of structured products. The pricing is implied on the example
of quarantee certificates which can be constructed from a bond
and an options, so it is shown how to price these components,
and then also a guarantee certificate in Excel using
Black-Scholes Model.


How does the 1994 electoral reform affect the rapid turnover of Japanese prime ministers in recent years? This article explores possible ways that the electoral reform affects the duration of Japanese leadership tenure and empirically assesses three hypotheses regarding this effect. Statistical analysis from the late 1960s to the end of the 2000s suggests that the effect of the reform depends on a prime minister's popularity. The institutional structure enforces the negative effects of public disapproval on leadership duration but rarely affects popular leaders. In other words, under the new reform, only prime ministers with rapidly declining public support face a tremendous risk of being short-lived leaders. This also means that public disapproval matters more for durability of administrations under the new electoral system than under the old system.


Three hundred rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were screened for tolerance to butachlor [N-(buthoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide], thiobencarb(S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]diethylcarbamothioate), and simetryn [N,N-diethyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine]. The responses of the rice cultivars to herbicides differed depending upon the herbicides and their concentrations. New Sabarmati(BAS), Gora, PTB 18 were tolerant to butachlor, and Azucena, IR44707-31-1-3-2, ARC 7293 to thiobencarb, while Gora, ARC 7293, and Dudmona were tolerant to both herbicides. Response of rice to simetryn differed from its response to butachlor and thiobencarb. Inhibition of shoot growth and fresh weight increased as the temperature and herbicide concentration increased. There was a higher correlation among rice cultivars response to butachlor and thiobencarb in the greenhouse when laboratory studies were conducted at higher temperatures.


Maceral fractions derived from density separations of six coals were extracted at room temperature in carbon disulfide/N-methylpyrrolidone based media. Vitrinite was found to have the highest extract yield. Both liptinites and inertinites exhibited lower extractability. In addition, differences in extractability were found within individual fractions of the same maceral group, such as the vitrinite group. The results show that extraction of vitrinite can be a heterogeneous process where certain submaceral vitrinite particles extract differently. This may have implications for experiments that rely on extracts or residues from extractions to determine the nature of the original coal structure.


The metaphysical poetry develops with metaphysics.The term of metaphysical poetry has a narrow and a broad sense."Metaphysical poetry" in the narrow sense is represented by the poems by Sun,Xu,Xie(An),Wang(Huzhi) of Dongjin,which assimilate the inspiration of metaphysics expounded by Xiang and Guo;the "metaphysical poetry" in the broad sense can be represented by the poems by Ji and Ruan before Dongjin which pursue the interest of "transcending the Confucian decrees while following the nature",and the poems by Tao Yuanming and others influenced by the didactical Buddhism.


This paper discusses the important role that the archives plays in the compilation of the school history,puts forward the mutual correction relation of school history and archives,and explains what the school history compilation can bring to examine and correct the archives.


We studied a Mobile Router (MR) with media switching capability providing seamless communication to users in a vehicle. In this paper, we examine a multi-homed MR with multiple care-of address registration and policy routing, achieving a seamless handoff and effective use of wireless bandwidth by utilizing multiple media simultaneously. We also implement the multi-homed MR and present handoff performance through its evaluation.


language and literature in educational institutions has revived. Not wishing to overemphasize ethnicity, Dejong is cautious in selecting outstanding Dutch-Americans. Representative leaders in government, science, literature, art, industry, religion, and education are featured. Thus special attention is drawn to Martin Van Buren and the two Roosevelts, Arthur H. Vandenberg, Benjamin Spack, Pierre Van Paassen, Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, John Dykstra, and many others. Errors or statements inviting further clarification are few. Could the oft-repeated "classis," referring to church organization, have been better defined? The immigration quotas of 1924 were based on the number of nationals in the United States in 1890, not 1920 (p. 178). If that legislation discriminated against northern and western European countries as mentioned (p. 183), it did far more harm to prospective emigrants from southern and eastern Europe. De Volksstem of De Pere, Wisconsin, is given a circulation of 1,250 in 1950, but it is said to have ceased publication in 1919 (p. 201), To this reviewer it seems that DutchAmericans, like other ethnic groups, have been slow to examine editorial opinion in their press on matters pertaining to American government, state politics, presidential elections, nativism, monetary policy, imperialism, women's rights, and public morals. Were the Dutch not active in local and state affairs, where they constituted the majority? Were there no strong ties, at least on certain occasions, with their kinfolk back in the Netherlands? To what extent may Calvinism have affected the outlook and the daily lives of Dutch-American Protestants? All in all, this volume is an attractive, readable, and much-needed addition to the growing field of immigrant history, as well as general American history. There are helpful chapter summaries, illuminating tables, and a useful epilogue.


In this paper we have introduced our newest product (Arian III) out- lines. It's a track based robot with two separately controlled flippers. Actually it's a semi autonomous system with reliable control methods for navigation in mission operation. Although till now our group products have been manufac- tured as industrial products for real environmental conditions, it's to our pleas- ure that we have found a reliable arena for demonstration of our capabilities.


This study examines how parents with children in their infancy perceive their parenting strengths through Q methodology. 32 P samples of parents with infants and 31 statements were collected and Q-sorted. The data were analyzed through the QUANL-PC program. As a result of the study, four types of perception were derived about the parenting strengths of parents with infant children. Type 1 observation strengths focused on the process. Type 2 consideration strengths focused on understanding. Type 3 challenges the strength of aesthetics. Type 4 strengths of vitality focused on curiosity. This study is significant in that it provided an opportunity to discover and utilize the strengths of parents. We confirmed the need for an opportunity for parents with young children to discover and utilize their strengths as parents.


Three specifications of a Taylor rule are embedded in a small open economy to evaluate whether one should include an exchange rate term in the rule to have a determinate REE that also is learnable in least squares sense. The answer is affirmative when it comes to contemporaneous data in the rule, but such a term is not necessary when lagged data are used in the rule, if the reaction to the CPI inflation rate is strong enough. Finally, the indeterminacy problem cannot be resolved when future expectations are used in the rule. We allow for interest rate inertia in the analysis. JEL Classification: E52, F31.


The present invention relates to a bearing outer race (2) is provided, the outer race (2), the bearing surface of the inner annular (12), and a peripheral surface of the outer annular (5) It has, peripheral surface (5) is directed to those of the type which is eccentrically located relative to the bearing surface (12). According to the present invention, the bearing is a rolling bearing. Thus, potential use for supporting the transmission shaft is obtained.


PURPOSE: To reduce electromagnetic interference(EMI) generated through power generation braking or partial regenerative braking of a vehicle which has, as a power source, a traction motor connected to the power supply at the side of rail with a third rail or a catenary. CONSTITUTION: A power generation control lattice structure includes a large power dispersing resistance lattice having a plurality of separately defined resistance elements 86A, 86B, 88A, 88B, 90A, 90B, 92A, 92B and each resistance element is totally formed as a longer element. A loading means supports each lattice element in parallel with each other adjacent to the other elements. A plurality of conductive devices are connected to electrical circuits and thereby a current passes at least one element 86A, 86B in the first direction and thereafter passes in the opposite second direction at least one adjacent element 90A, 90B. Thereafter, EMI generated with a desired one element is substantially canceled with EMI generated by the adjacent element.


C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Zhao X, Zhu Y, Mei X, Zhang J, Hu J, et al. (2016) Radial-Linear Ablation in Peripulmonary Vein Area Prevents Inducible Atrial Fibrillation in Dogs. Int J Clin Cardiol 3:073 Received: November 22, 2015: Accepted: March 12, 2016: Published: March 16, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Zhao X, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Zhao et al. Int J Clin Cardiol 2016, 3:073


Though demonstrated as an effective strategy for enhancing academic performance and course persistence in higher education, traditional Supplemental Instruction (SI) relies on face-to-face interaction in a classroom setting. Consequently, students who have other obligations or feel apprehensive in a group setting often cannot attend traditional SI sessions. This paper focuses on an innovative alternative to traditional SI: an online SI program currently being implemented at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (TAMUCC). This paper describes TAMUCC's online SI program and discusses results from a pilot study that compared the STEM course performance and persistence of TAMUCC undergraduates (N=585) randomly assigned to SI groups (i.e., traditional SI or online SI) in the spring semester of 2015. 20 Supplemental Instruction Journal, Volume 2, Issue I


This paper estimates the term-structure of volatility risk premia for the stock market. Realized variance term premia are increasing in systematic risk and predict variance swap returns. Implied volatility term premia are decreasing in risk initially, but then increase at a lag, predicting VIX futures returns. By modeling the logarithm of realized variance, the paper derives a closed-form relationship between the prices of variance swaps and VIX futures. The model provides accurate pricing and highlights periods of dislocation between the index options and VIX futures markets. Term premia account for a significant fraction of the variation in long-maturity claims.


Objective To determine the smoking status of recruits,our finding will be supportive for smoking cessation work in military.Methods A stratified sampling analysis on 719 male recruits in 2006 was conducted.Results 450 recruits were daily smoker among participants,accounting for 62.6%.All smokers were tobacco user prior to entering army,except for two recruits.Conclusion The main factors for smoking are negative sentiment,harmful social behavior and imitating smokers.Health knowledge about smoking doesn't influence on quitting.


This paper studies the history of ERP and E-commerce, analysis the importance of integration and possible facing problems, and then presents the principle of integration, which is "unified strategy, process optimization, application integration and data synchronization". Finally, a complete and feasible solution is given for manufacter E-commerce and ERP integration.


One system that can be used to support corporate administrative activities today the
application of SAP (System Application and Product). SAP is a software developed to support an
organization in carrying out its operational activities to be more effective and efficient. Know
the presentation of financial position statements using SAP. The design of this research is
qualitative research using secondary and primary data. The results obtained from the
analysis of presentation can be more effective and accurate for the output of financial
statements. In addition, the use of SAP applications is the way and speed of work on their
respective division.
Keywords: System, SAP (System Application and Product), Implementation


Recreational scuba diving instructors and instructors of other highly adventurous sports such as mountaineering and skydiving often fail to understand the role they might play in a student's lifestyle development. Although the "UDT" [Underwater Demolition Team] diving instructor image of the 1960's has been suppressed by the instructional certifying agencies, a few egocentric adventurers do still proudly wear the scuba instructor insignia. In combining the concepts of "adventurism" and "egotism" with an exciting sport such as scuba diving, the ingredients exist to produce a potentially undesirable instructor image. Fundamental human needs to experience excitement, adventure, and even risk exist to varying degrees in all of our students. Unknowingly, an instructor may stimulate significant psychological "changes" in a student. Most often such changes are "positive" in nature. A student may discover new avenues for social interaction, physical fitness, self-esteem, and the like. A confident, caring and skilled scuba instructor can contribute far more than just "blowing bubbles" to a student's life. On the other hand, the egocentric adventurer can provoke the innermost human instinct of a student to such a degree that the student may act in an irrational manner. The instructor can be a very powerful "role model." A few students may be at an "emotional" point in their lives, such that attempted "imitation" (by a novice diver) of this role model (a highly skilled diver) can lead to "taking risks" that may have a potentially fatal outcome for the novice diver and his/ her buddy. wish to remind the reader that I am not a psychologist. My opinions are subjective, not objective. As a diving instructor, instructor training course director, traveling diver, Sea Grant Marine Advisory Services Specialist, and consultant in diving accident investigation, I have had the opportunity to interview divers, observe instructors, and review diving accidents for many years. I have continuously asked myself this question: "Why did this accident occur?" The information and impressions presented in this article represent "hypothetical" situations. Any resemblance to an actual situation or individual instructor is strictly coincidental.


Let $F \subseteq [0,1]$ be a set that supports a probability measure $\mu $ with the property that $ |\widehat{\mu }(t)| \ll (\log |t|)^{-A}$ for some constant $ A> 0 $. Let $\mathcal{A}= (q_n)_{n\in{\mathbb{N}}} $ be a sequence of natural numbers. If $\mathcal{A}$ is lacunary and $A>2$, we establish a quantitative inhomogeneous Khintchine-type theorem in which (1) the points of interest are restricted to $F$ and (2) the denominators of the "shifted" rationals are restricted to $\mathcal{A}$. The theorem can be viewed as a natural strengthening of the fact that the sequence $(q_nx \textrm{mod} 1)_{n\in{\mathbb{N}}} $ is uniformly distributed for $\mu $ almost all $x \in F$. Beyond lacunary, our main theorem implies the analogous quantitative result for sequences $\mathcal{A}$ for which the prime divisors are restricted to a finite set of $k$ primes and $A> 2k$. Loosely speaking, for such sequences, our result can be viewed as a quantitative refinement of the fundamental theorem of Davenport, Erdös, and LeVeque (1963) in the theory of uniform distribution.


The significance of forested areas in carbon sequestration is conventional, and well renowned. But, hardly any attempts have been made to study the potential of trees in carbon sequestration from urban areas. Andhra University was selected for the study in Visakhapatnam city with the objectives of quantifying the total carbon sequestration by Pongamia pinata. Stratified random sampling was used for assessing biomass in two site and about 230 P. pinnata trees were taken. Biomass was calculated using Non-destructive allometric models. The biomass carbon content was taken as 55% of the tree biomass. Soil samples were taken from soil profile up to 40 cm depth for deep soils and up to bedrock for shallow soils at an interval of 10 and 20 cm for top and sub-soil respectively. Walkley‐Black Wet Oxidation method was applied for measuring soil organic carbon. Belowground biomass was estimated by the Root:Shoot ratio relationship. Total biomass and soil carbon was higher in Site-2 than in Site-1. Total carbon sequestration in Site-2 was found 1.59 times higher compared to Site-1 but the mean SOC stored was found higher in Site-1 than in Site-2, i.e.,14.48 tC/ha and 10.33 tC/ha, respectively.


We aimed to compare digital image analysis (DIA) of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer by two platforms: (i) to validate DIA against standard diagnostics; and (ii) to evaluate the added value of DIA in clinical practice.


The average gamma-ray spectrum of 114Cd after thermal neutron capture in 113Cd was evaluated in units of mb/MeV. Two approaches are considered for estimation of the average gamma-ray spectrum with normalization of the experimental data: mean spectra for all gamma-energies were found by averaging frequency polygon for experimental data histogram, and mean spectra were estimated as the combination of theoretical values at low gamma-ray energies and averaging experimental data in high-energy range. The experimental spectra were evaluated from the gamma-intensities presented by Mheemeed et al. [A. Mheemeed et al. Nucl. Phys. A 412 (1984) 113] and Belgya et al. [T. Belgya et al. EPJ Web of Conf. 146 (2017) 05009]. They were normalized to the average theoretical spectrum which was calculated using EMPIRE and TALYS codes. The procedure of normalization of the high-energy part of the spectrum was described. Estimated gamma-spectra for 113Cd(n, {xγ}) reaction induced by thermal neutrons were presented.


Scabies is one of the disease that is considere d an endemic and epidemic in Iraq, in this study it has been observed that other disease wer found to be associated with scabies patients, and in order to investigate the m echanism by which the scabies may induce other disease (such as SLE) an immunological , hematological and immunobiochemical tests were investigated both in p atients having scabies and scabies-SLE disease. High sensitive C-reactive prot ein was higher significant in all groups compared with control and higher significant in scabies-SLE as compare with scabies patients, IgG was higher significant in all groups as compare with control, lower significant in scabies-SLE as compare with sc abies patients. IgM was higher significant in scabies patients as compare with con trol and lower significant in scabies-SLE. IgA was higher significant in all grou ps as compare with control. IgE was higher significant in all groups as compare wit h control, but lower significant in scabies-SLE as compare with scabies patients. C3 an d C4 was lower significant in scabies-SLE as compare with both control and scabie s patients. IL-6, IFNγ, IL-18 and TNF-α was higher significant in all groups as compare wi th control also higher significant in scabies-SLE as compare with control. IL-1β was higher significant in all groups as compare with control, but not as compare scabies patients. IL-5 was higher significant in scabies as compare with control, but lower significant in scabies-SLE as compare with scabies. Eosinophil and neutrophil were higher significant in scabies as compare with control. Eosinophil, neutrophil, ba sophil and monocyte have lower significant in scabies-SLE as compare with control and scabies patients. superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher significant in scabies patient only as compare with control, but lower significant in in scabies-S LE as compare with both control and scabies patients. Malondialdehyde (MAD) level was h igher significant in scabies-SLE as compare with control. All data were considered s ignificant at (P<0.05). The mechanisms of inflammation induced by mites may be related to the generation of excessive level of cytokines and antibodies against its proteins, so that triggering of excessive inflammatory responses, then developing a utoimmune disease likes SLE. ةلجم ) ددعلا ةينلاديصلا مولعلل ءلابرك 3 1 ( Kerbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences. No. (13) 2017 153 ضرم ءوشنل برجلا ضرمل رشابم ريغلا ثحلا ةيتاذلا ةعانملا (ءارمحلا ةباؤذلا) : ةسارد راق يذ ةظفاحم يف راوهلاا ناكس ىلع ةلماش نادمح نسحلا دبع ءلاا .د.م يلع ليلج يلع .د.م.ا :ةيحاتفملا تاملكلا ةدسكلاا تاداضم ةيلاعف ,ءارمحلا ةباؤذلاو برجلا ,برجلا ةصلاخلا ىرخا ضارمأب ةباصلاا ةضحلام مت ,ةنطوتملا ةيئابولا ضارملاا نم قارعلا يف برجلا ضرم ربتعي ضارما روهظ ىلع برجلا ثحي اهللاخ نم يتلا ةيعانملا ةيكيناكيملا ةفرعمل ,برجلا ضرم ىلا ةفاضلااب ترهظا ,مدلا تاصوحف ضعبو ةيئايميكويابلا و ةيعانملا تاصوحفلا ضعب ءارجا مت ,ىرخا كانه تا جئاتنلا يونعم عافترا )نم لكل (hs-CRP, IgG, IgE, IgA ,ةرطيسلا ةعومجمي ةنراقم ةساردلا عيماجم لك يف ) ىوتسم يف يونعم عافتراو IgM ضرم ةعومجم يف ( ةرطيسلا ةعومجمب ةنراقم برجلا ى , نم لك ناك IL1β, IL-18, IL-6) IFN-γ, TNF-α عيماجملا لك يف ايونعم عفترم ( رطيسلا ةعومجمب ةنراقم تناك ,ة ) Eosinophil and neutrophil ةيلاعف تناك ,ةرطيسلاب ةنراقم برجلا ىضرم يف ايونعم ةعفترم ( ) SOD ( نعم ةعفترم ) رهظا ,ةرطيسلاب ةنراقم برجلا ىضرم يف ايو MAD ءارمحلا ةباؤذلا ىضرم يف يونعم عافترا ( نا ةساردلا هذه نم جتنتسن .ةرطيسلاب ةنراقم , ةطرفم ةيعانم ةيباهتلا تلاعافت ريثت برجلا يليفط تانيتورب .ىرخا ضارما روهظ زفحت Introduction Scabies is the most common parasitic infestation, i n the Worldwide its estimated almost three hindered million cases occur annually [1]. The "arthropod Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis" causes contagious skin infesta tion and heavy pruritic which affects human of all socioeconomic status [2]. more than 2500 years Scabies infestation has been reported, Aristotle discussed the "lice in the flesh," then Celesus recommended to using sulfur mixed and liquid pitch as a drug for the disease [3]. in 1687 scabies was ascribed to the mite by Giovan Cos imo Bonomo. Scabies was the first human disease which caused by a specific path ogen [4]. Approximately hundreds to millions of mites can infest the host, that usua lly child, elderly and immunocompromised [5]. severe dermatitis or psorias is can be confused with Crusted scabies, so crusted lesions appear as a thick and h yperkeratotic scales over the knees, palms, elbows, and soles, when suspected dermatitis or suspected psoriasis, do not respond to treatments then the diagnosis of crusted cabies can be considered [6]. Usually Serum immunoglobulin E, IgG, and neutrophil are higher in scabies patients, but the immune reaction does not seem to be protect ive [7]. In scabies CD4 T-cell infiltrate in the skin, as a Cell-mediated immunity [8]. After a long persistency of scabies parasites in the host, a specific immune re sponse will occur, with activation of Th-2 cells, leading to increasing in eosinophilia a nd interleukin-5 [9]. intra-epidermal often suprabasal blisters, can develop by the Secre tion of proteolytic enzymes near the basal membrane zone, in a patient with a positive r esult for biopsy and immunofluorescence, the scabies mites may triggered a signal for development autoimmune disease [10]. Material and methods ةلجم ) ددعلا ةينلاديصلا مولعلل ءلابرك 3 1 ( Kerbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences. No. (13) 2017 154 This study done in the population of marshes in thi e-Qar governorate, were they suffer from spread of scabies, particularly in thei r children. The patients didn't use any treatment because of the poor living conditions , so they were proper cases for study. 34 scabies patients were included in our stu dy from July 2012 to July 2016, they were divided into two groups: ( 22 scabies pat ients: male:9 and female:13) and ( 12 scabies-SLE: female 12), also 20 cases control w ere included. All patients were diagnosed by mites testing IgG antibodies against " Sarcoptes scabiei in serum (ELISA,AfosaGmbH, Dahlewitz/Berlin,Germany)", all c ases were serologically positive for antiSarcoptes IgG. The questioner formats also doing for each gro up: age; gender; time of onset of scabies, other inform ation were recorded. Immunological, hematological and immunobiochemical tests were done. by using venous blood. high-sensitivity C-reactive protein i n plasma detected by"Turbidimetric Kit with specific high-sensitivity methodology (Bio Técnica, Brazil)", serum complement components C3 and C4, serum IgA, IgG and IgM were measured using radial immunodiffusion (RID Kit, LTAonline, Italy). While "IgE level was measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgE ELI SA Test Kit, Genzyme, CA, USA)". Serum TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-5, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels were determined using ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Shanghai, China). Di fferential count was performed by using "CYAN Hemato analyzer automatic hematology analyzer", (Catalog No.CY006.Diagnostic, Langdorpseteenweg160, B-3201Be lgium). Also The oxidative stress parameters were analyzed, MDA level in serum was determined as per method described by Satoh [12], activity of SOD was determ ined, the "percent inhibition of the formation of NBT-diformazan by SOD is represent ed by the activity of SOD as describe by (Liocher & Fridovich, 2007)". Statistical analysis Data are described as the mean±SD, SPSS17 program w as used for statistical analysis, Statistical significance was at ( P<0.05), so that data was considered statically significant when p-values were less than 0.05. Result According to the age, scabies patients were d ivided into four age groups, the highest ratio for scabies patients incidence was in ch ldren (7-15). The highest ratio for scabies-SLE patients incidence was in adult (16 -25), as shown in table (1). According to the gender, the highest ratio of femal e was in scabies patients and it similar in scabies-SLE group. Table (2) illustrate gender distribution in this study. ةلجم ) ددعلا ةينلاديصلا مولعلل ءلابرك 3 1 ( Kerbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences. No. (13) 2017 155 Table (1): Age distribution of s cabies in all groups Age (years) Scabies n=22 Scabies-SLE n= 12 7-15 12 0 16-25 5 10 26-39 3 2 40-52 2 0 Table (2): Gender distributio n in all groups Scabies n=22 Scabies-SLE n= 12 Male female Male female


When a pair of short- and long-lived excited molecules are coupled with an upper radiative state, it will be possible to derive the number density of the long-lived species from the optical emission spectroscopy of upper-level short-lived species by careful selection of the pair. Two-dimensional density distributions of the long-lived metastable state Ar(1s5) and that of the short-lived excited state Ar(2p2) are observed and compared in the time-averaged form, using a computerized tomography technique of the emissions from a pair of optical transitions in a two-frequency capacitively coupled plasma in pure Ar.


Angle disorder is an important feature of twisted bilayer graphene and other moiré materials. In this work we discuss electron transport in twisted bilayer graphene in the presence of angle disorder. We compute the local density of states and the Landauer-Büttiker transmission through an angle disorder barrier of width comparable to the moiré period, using a decimation technique based on a real space description. We find that barriers which separate regions where the width of the bands differ by 50% or more lead to a minor suppression of the transmission, and that the transmission is close to one for normal incidence, which is reminiscent of Klein tunneling. These results suggest that transport in twisted bilayer graphene is weakly affected by twist angle disorder.


Summary This model, which is an improved version of the model presented at the First International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, at Reading in 1976, will attempt to demonstrate the potential benefits of linear programming. The model chose the most economically optimal solution for the control of brucellosis in beef cattle in the state of California. In addition to providing this optimal solution, the model also allows for sensitivity analyses to be performed on the various control components chosen by the model. It also permits a rapid benefit—cost analysis to be performed on other, less than economical, scenarios which may be chosen over the optimal solution. While not professed to be the ultimate solution, this model will provide a contrast to the many simulation models being used today in disease control program evaluation. The use of mathematical models and computers in epidemiology has been of importance for several years. In his examination of the development of the field of epidemiology, Dunn (1952) noted that, 'The accumulation of knowledge of epidemiological theory and the increasing use of statistical methods led progressively to a turn of epidemiology from a descriptive and comparative procedure to an analytic discipline.' Further stressing the importance of mathematical development in epidemiology, Lilienfield (1973) stated: 'The mathematisation of biological or natural phenomena has considerable appeal to man in his effort to understand and control nature . . . it has led to increased precision in the thinking and defining of some ideas and concepts and frequently has been of assistance in the teaching of concepts . . For those who have had the opportunity to use or develop a model in an attempt to simulate the progression of a disease, the benefits of helping to understand the basic principles and impact of that disease are quite clear. To this individual, it is not a question of whether or not to use a computer model in his work, rather the question should be of the many models available, which is more suitable for my needs? In this paper we shall concern ourselves with the presentation of a particular type of model involving the mathematical technique of linear programming. As Piot (1966) stated: 'Mathematical programming and, under this general term, linear programming in particular, have been devised as techniques to find the optimal relationship between a number of interdependent variables, and as a means of determining the best course of action where such course may exist. It is in fact nothing more than putting explicitly what commonly goes on implicitly in the mind of decision makers.' Gordon (1977) chose linear programming in the, analysis of a rural health delivery system because . . . it has the capability of handling a large problem for low cost yet includes most of the features deemed necessary for inclusion of this model. Other methods such as quadratic programming, simulation . . . could handle the same problem and include more features of the health care system, but only at considerable cost in programming time and money.'


Pesticide losses from cultivated fields might be a significant source of pollution for surface and groundwater. This study was carried out to assess the importance of surface and groundwater contamination by pesticides from a 78-ha agricultural watershed located in southern Quebec. Measurements included concentration of six pesticides in surface water, groundwater, and sediment. Dates and quantities of the pesticides applied were recorded. Measurements extended from February 1993 to February 1994, with more intensive sampling during the months of May, June, and July. Only atrazine and EPTC were found in surface water. For atrazine, measured concentrations were always less than the maximum allowable for aquatic life (2 mg/L); whereas for EPTC, concentrations were less than 0.05 mg/L. Atrazine and EPTC were detected only in one groundwater sample. No pesticides were detected in sediment. These results indicate very low contamination of surface and groundwater by pesticides in this watershed. However, atrazine was applied to only 5% of the watershed area in 1992, and 16% in 1993. If the percentage of the watershed area treated with atrazine were increased, it is likely that higher concentrations would be observed in surface water.


We report on two instabilities, called viscous fountain and viscous entrainment, triggered at the interface between two liquids by the action of bulk flows driven by a laser beam. These streaming flows are due to light scattering losses in turbid liquids, and can be directed either toward or forward the interface. We experimentally and numerically investigate these interface instabilities and show that the height and curvature of the interface deformation at the threshold and the jet radius after interface destabilization mainly depend on the waist of the laser beam. Analogies and differences between these two instabilities are characterized.


Objective To explore the poor eyesight difference between urban and rural students and related influencing factors,and to provide evidence for the preventive measurements.Methods By using stratified cluster sampling method,1 124 students from grade 1 to grade 8 were recruited.Students were asked to fill in questionnaires and take visual examination.Results The prevalence rate of myopia among urban students was 66.38%,which was higher than that among rural students(58.41%),with statistical significance(P0.05).The rural students were more likely to intake vitamin A rich vegetables(78.7%)than the urban ones(71.2%).The rural students had better eyes using habits.The incidence of myopia was related to the intake of vegetables,reading/writing postures,break habit and out-door activity time.Conclusion The poor eyesight difference between urban and rural students might be related to food,eyes using habits and eyes using time.The health education targeted eye protection should be strengthened to prevent the incidence of poor eyesight.


The potential of supplying the energy requirements for food production by utilizing waste biomass was investigated. It was found that the energy available was more than sufficient even after conversion of waste biomass to more versatile fuel forms. The concept of utilizing waste biomass has the potential for conserving fossil fuels. Only the energy balance aspects of utilizing waste biomass have been considered. The economic effect of substituting the waste biomass still remains to be evaluated. (27 references) (auth)


Abstract : It is shown how photoelasticity makes it possible to determine the dimensions and the forms of parts destined for supporting given stresses, by means of an experimental solution of the equations of the theory of elasticity. The second part is devoted to the practical applications of photoelasticimetry. A simple part is chosen as an example for the determination of the stresses on a section. A wrench is studied: this case, representing a two-dimensional problem, is rigorously amenable to photoelasticimetry. Finally, the important problem of the welding of sheet metal, is discussed. (Author)


General limitations on agricultural and livestock development in Semi-arid areas. General philosophy on the Research Program and Operational Scheme of the Center. General description of the Research Program.


Theoretical studies of electron impact single ionization cross sections of Si and Ge atoms have been performed in the binary encounter approximation (BEA) including exchange and interference as given by Vriens and the Hartree-Fock (HF) velocity distributions for the target electrons have been used throughout the calculations. The present results of single ionization cross sections are in good agreement with the experimental observations.


Objective of this work was carried to extend shelf life of sugar beet roots by applying different conditions of storage to increase juice purity, sugar recovery and decrease sugar loss in wastes. This investigation was carried out to study the effect of three different storage procedures of four different sugar beet roots varieties (cultivars: Pleno, Top, Kawemira and Ceres poly) harvested at different periods (180, 195 and 210 days) at 12- 33.60˚Con the white sugar production, the amount of sucrose loss in the final wastes and the purity of sugar beet juice. Ceres poly variety had the highest white sucrose recovery under the covering storage procedures ranged from 13.75 to 17.92%. However, Pleno variety was the highest sucrose loss at almost harvesting days, while, Ceres poly recorded the lowest percentages in wastes at almost harvesting days. Top variety was the highest juice purity during manufacture especially at 180 and 210 days under the covering (78.27 and 84.74%) and open-air storage (83.86 and 84.85%).All results obtained in this investigation are affected by certain factors such as sucrose, K and α-N content in sugar beet roots, and the purity of sugar beet juice stored in the storage room was relatively higher compared to other treatments


OBJECTIVE:To explore new approach for carrying out hospital pharmaceutical care.METHODS:General pharmacists' post responsibilities and management regulations were set up and implemented under supervision.RESULTS CONCLUSION:The practice of " general pharmacists' post responsibilities" can not only improve and standardize the procedures of pharmacy management,but also enhance the pharmaceutical care level and reduced medical tangles.


Robust optimisations have become very popular. The aim of this new type of optimisation is to consider the sensitivity of the output results to small variations in the operating conditions or in the manufacturing constraints. in this thesis, the main objective has been to extend the robust design optimisation for S-ducts with more uncertainties input and output. For the uncertainties quantification two different non-intrusive Polynomial Chaos techniques have been chosen: NIPC and NISP.


The driving force for the advancement of science today is a complete past record in which future generations also learn from the natural phenomena that exist and the events that are going on at the present time. Will come where the period of knowledge becomes the cornerstone of human life that masters it. Documentation is very important to be a pillar of evaluation and decision making by future generations. So the documentation application that makes documentation and trounbleshoting is made easier and if the senior has retired the junior will easily find the data that will be used to make decisions. Often various viruses threaten the safety of the Hospital Information System (SIMRS) server, if it is not well documented, the Information Technology Installation must do a re-investigation with the same virus. So with this problem, a Web-based Banyumas Hospital ITI Documentation system was created using Ubuntu Server with Codeigniter and Postgresql where Codeigniter and Postgresql frameworks will give birth to a combination of superior speed and capacity. Keywords: Information Monitoring System, Documentation, Website DOI : http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3929057


How much of a barrier was the river Severn? Tracing its role from prehistory, we know that the territory of the Iron Age Dobunni corresponded roughly with modern Gloucestershire and southern Worcestershire. In other words it extended on both sides of the Severn and the river was neither a boundary nor a barrier at that time.1In AD 43 the Romans landed on the east coast, bent on conquest. Three or four years later they reached the Severn at Bristol and Gloucester.2 There they seem to have paused for two or three years. For the Romans, it seems, the river represented not so much a barrier as a convenient place at which to stop, a convenient frontier marker while they gained time to pacify the tribes they had already overcome. The Fosse Way, primarily intended for the rapid movement of troops, was constructed on a south-west/north-east line, coming at one point some thirty miles or so east of Gloucester. This suggests the consolidation of what may have been intended to be a permanent frontier.However the continued defiance of the British leader Caractacus perhaps provoked the invaders into renewed offensive action. He had been driven out of his power base on the east coast, and, having made a fighting retreat across the island, had withdrawn over the Severn into the territory of the Silures in South Wales.3 Here he continued to inspire armed resistance, and it was perhaps a succession of raids across the Bristol Channel that tried Roman patience too far. Perhaps too the realization that there was gold in Wales aroused their cupidity. One of the main centres of Silurian power was near present-day Chepstow.4 So an amphibious assault below Gloucester would have been a better option than fording the river at or above Gloucester and having a twoday march through thick forest.5 The invading army may have included a contingent of Batavians who were specialists in river crossings.6 Just where they effected the crossing is still a matter of conjecture. But cross the Severn they did, and eventually captured Caractacus after a battle which is currendy thought to have been fought at Caersws, just a few miles from Gregynog,7 where the 2008 llamon Conference was held.Roman domination of the island lasted roughly three hundred-andfifty years. Then, with the withdrawal of the army, Anglo-Saxon immigrants, who were already established on the east and south coasts were able to move inland and occupy more territory.8 They were supported by fresh arrivals from across the North Sea, whose movements were now unrestricted by a Roman navy.9But the takeover was not organized under a unified command as the Roman invasion had been. A hundred-and-eighty-odd years elapsed between the Roman withdrawal and the battle at Dyrham, north of Bristol, which gave the newcomers control of the eastern bank of the Severn. It is not known if, or for how long, they paused before crossing the river. There is a settlement some five miles west of Areley Kings, and thus west of the river, named Pensax, a Celtic name indicating The Hill of the Saxons.10 Does this indicate a Saxon penetration across the river sufficiently unique to warrant a special identification before the inexorable tide of Saxon invasion engulfed another slab of British territory west of the river?For some time the various groups of Anglo-Saxons fought each other with as much enthusiasm as they fought the natives.11 Slowly, recognized territories of tribes and kingdoms became established, though the habit of in-fighting did not die out.12 Again the River Severn did not figure as a boundary, let alone a barrier. The territory of Wiccia, a sub-kingdom of Mercia, extended on both sides of the river.13 When, in AD 784, King Offa of Mercia ordered the construction of the earthen dyke and ditch which bears his name, to mark his boundary with Wales, for the greater part of its length it was two days' journey west of the middle Severn.In the ninth century the Anglo-Saxons, who had once been invaders, were themselves invaded by Danes. …


Energy and emission effects of the wood board waste combustion in the small boiler The problems concerning combustion of wood boards (fibreboards; MDF and HDF) in small boiler installations have been presented. Wood boards contain about 90 % w/w of pure wood. However to the production of these materials synthetic binders are used, which can cause emission threat during combustion. Conducted tests of wood board waste showed that they contain much more (over 20 times) of nitrogen than typical biomasses. It was stated over twice higher emission levels of nitric oxides during combustion of wood board in comparison to typical wood biomass.


Background: Several neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment options exist for patients with HER2-positive (HER2+) stage II-III breast cancer. Recent results of the KATHERINE trial (NCT01772472) showed that adjuvant T-DM1 can reduce distant recurrence risk in patients without pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, pCR rates can range between 20-80% depending on treatment regimen and subtype. Given the high cost of T-DM1 and other HER2-targeted agents, understanding the relationship between the costs and health consequences of various neoadjuvant-adjuvant treatment combinations is needed. Our goal is to identify the treatment strategy that leads to the highest health benefit (i.e., lowest distant recurrence risk) at the least costs. Methods: We developed a decision-analytic Markov model to simulate clinical practice in a cohort of women aged ≥49 with HER2+ breast cancer similar to the KATHERINE trial population. We considered 4 neoadjuvant regimens: HP: trastuzumab (H) and pertuzumab (P) doublet; THP: paclitaxel (T), H and P triplet; ddAC/THP: dose dense anthracycline/cyclophosphamide (ddAC) followed by T, H, P; TCHP: docetaxel (T), carboplatin (C), H, and P, and 4 adjuvant treatments for patients with residual disease including: H; T-DM1; ddAC/THP followed by T-DM1; and ddAC followed by T-DM1. We combined these neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment options to mimic four clinically plausible treatment de-escalation strategies and examined their cost effectiveness. All patients with pCR after any neoadjuvant treatment received adjuvant H. Strategies for residual disease: 1: neoadjuvant-ddAC/THP+adjuvant-H; 2: neoadjuvant-ddAC/THP+adjuvant-T-DM1; 3: neoadjuvant-THP+adjuvant-ddAC followed by T-DM1; 4: neoadjuvant-HP+adjuvant-ddAC/THP followed by T-DM1; 5: neoadjuvant-TCHP+adjuvant-T-DM1. We informed the effectiveness, cost and utility parameters from the KATHERINE trial, McKesson data, and published literature. We estimated costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) over a lifetime for each strategy, and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), from a healthcare payer perspective and addressed the uncertainty with a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA). Results: The mean per-patient costs varied between $274,550 (Strategy 3) and $354,652 (Strategy 4) and the mean per-patient QALYs varied between 9.44 (Strategy 1) and 10.56 (Strategy 3). When considering the five treatment strategies, Strategy 3 yielded a substantial gain in QALYs at decreased costs, representing the dominating strategy. The decision-analytic model identified Strategies 1, 2, 4 and 5 to be cost-ineffective due to their lower health effects and higher costs (i.e., dominated strategies). PSA indicated Strategy 3 to have the highest probability of cost-effectiveness and expected net benefit across a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds ($0-250,000). These findings persisted when changing a number of assumptions, including increasing starting age and varying pCR rates and distant recurrence probability after an initial local recurrence. Conclusions: Our study indicates that neoadjuvant trastuzumab+paclitaxel+pertuzumab followed by adjuvant trastuzumab for patients with pCR (around 46% of patients) and by adjuvant ddAC and T-DM1 for those with residual disease is the most cost-effective treatment strategy for women with HER2+, stage II-III breast cancer. Citation Format: Natalia R. Kunst, Shi-Yi Wang, Annette Hood, Sarah Mougalian, Michael P. DiGiovanna, Kerin Adelson, Lajos Pusztai. Cost-effectiveness of different neoadjuvant followed by adjuvant treatment combination strategies for women with HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD10-05.


Main objective of this contribution is to evaluate the overall performance of the Ultra Wide Band (UWB) Radio Frequency Identiflcation (RFID) system based on chipless RFID tags, within the UWB range from 3.1 to 10.6GHz. In this work, a ray-tracing tool \Wireless Insite" is used to consider the channel multipath components and the real environmental efiects as fading, frequency dependence, transmission, re∞ections, difiractions and polarization dependence. Furthermore, an Electromagnetic (EM) simulation tool \CST Microwave Studio" is used to compute the Frequency Coding Response (FCR) and the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of the UWB-chipless-RFID tag. The system is based on an 8-bit FCR concept of a compact printable orientation independent chipless RFID tag. The tag consists of a circular patch loaded with N multiple slot ring resonators, where each resonator is relevant to a frequency component in the FCR. Simulation results show constructive guidelines for designing multiuser UWB RFID communications and enhancing the channel estimation process of the chipless RFID tag systems. System evaluation would consider several parameters as Bit Error Rate (BER), FCR word length, and the maximum reader-tag range. This enables the insertion of the advanced communication techniques as Interference Alignment (IA), Cognitive Radio (CR) and Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) for passive RFID systems.