The realization that agriculture input subsidies at times do not reach targeted communities has pushed many governments to consider ways of cutting subsidy cos ts, improve targeting of poorer households and even tual withdrawal from subsidizing agriculture. Against th is background in the year 2015 Zambia adopted an evoucher system as way to bolster FISP. This study focused o n the implementation of the pilot e-voucher in Chom a District in the Southern Province of Zambia. A qual itative approach was used to gather data from farme rs, banks, farmer representative organizations and other key s takeholders. This study focused on key aspects of e -v ucher implementation, such as beneficiary targeting, stak eholders' roles, input distribution and redeeming p rocesses. The study noted that e-voucher system ushered in so me benefits such as increased transparency, reducti on of ghost farmers, rural employment creation, increased input accessibility for farmers and lowered the government's administrative costs on inputs deliver y. On the other hand, the implementation of the e-v oucher faced some challenges such as bank system breakdown , abuse of the facility as farmers purchased food i tems and other non-agricultural inputs such as iron shee ts that are not covered by the subsidy and delays i n e-voucher activation by the contracted banks. Going forward t his study recommends more policing of agro dealers and early disbursement of funds by the government.


PURPOSE: A device for manufacturing a compressed ground anchor is provided to enable an anchor structure integrated with PC strand to be simply manufactured. CONSTITUTION: A device for manufacturing a compressed ground anchor comprises a main cylinder, a fixing plate(350), fixed rollers(351~354), moving rollers(355,356) and a hydraulic pump. The main cylinder moves back and forth a piston by fluid pressure applied from the hydraulic pump. The fixing plate determines the position of an anchor, which moves forth by the main cylinder. The fixing rollers are fixed to the left and right of the fixing plate at an interval, presses and deforms one or more cable hoses(150) inserted into the head(110) of the anchor. The moving rollers are installed between the fixed rollers and move back and forth by auxiliary cylinders(320.330) to press and deform the cable hose installed on the anchor.


The mapped distribution of post-Jurassic mineral isotopic ages in the Alps reveals two metamorphic cycles, each consisting of a pressure-dominated stage and a subsequent temperaturedominated stage: (1) a Late Cretaceous cycle in the Eastern Alps, indicated on the map by purple dots and green colours; and (2) a Late Cretaceous to Earlyto Mid-Tertiary cycle in the Western and Central Alps, Corsica and the Tauern window, marked on the map with blue and red dots and yellow and orange colours. The first cycle is attributed to the subduction of part of the Austroalpine passive margin following Jurassic closure of the Middle Triassic, Meliata-Hallstatt ocean basin. This involved nappe stacking, extensional exhumation and cooling. The second cycle is related to the subduction of the Jurassic-Cretaceous, Liguro-Piemont and Valais ocean basins as well as distal parts of the European and Apulian continental margins. Subsequent exhumation and cooling of the Tertiary nappe pile occurred during oblique indentation of Europe by the Apulian margin in Oligo-Miocene time. Despite a wealth of geochronologic work in the Alps, there are still large areas where relevant data are lacking or where existing data yield conflicting interpretations. Most such conflicts reflect the difficulty of relating the behaviour of mineral isotopic systems to the formation of structures and to the stability of metamorphic mineral assemblages. The age map of metamorphic structure thus also points to areas of future research in the Alps.


Quantum-mechanical systems having two discrete energy levels are ubiquitous in nature. For crossing energy levels, depending on how fast they approach each other, there is a possibility of a transition between them. This phenomenon is known as Landau-Zener tunneling 1–5 and it forms the physical basis of the Zener diode, for example. The traditional treatment of the Landau-Zener tunneling, however, ignores quantum-mechanical interference. Here we report an observation of phase-sensitive interference between consecutive Landau-Zener tunneling attempts in an artificial two-level system formed by a Cooper-pair-box qubit 6,7 . We interpret the experiment in terms of a multi-pass analog to the well-known optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In our case, the beam splitting occurs by Landau-Zener tunneling at the charge degeneracy, while the arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer in energy space are represented by the ground and excited state. Our Landau-Zener interferometer can be used as a high-resolution detector for phase and charge owing to interferometric sensitivity-enhancement. The findings also demonstrate new methods for qubit manipulations. Landau-Zener (LZ) tunneling is a celebrated quantum-mechanical phenomenon, taking place at the intersection of two energy levels that repel each other due to a weak interaction 8 . The LZ


The results of an analysis of electrically stimulated currents (ESC), which originated with the superimposition of voltage on a previously irradiated CdS crystal, are given. The magnitude of the currents depends in general not on the intensity of irradiation, but on its dosage. With an increase in dose the current increases up to a certain limit, beyond which saturation occurs. With the increase of the voltage applied to the crystal the current increases monotonically so that it is impossible in this way to detect the electron energy traps. Graphs of the electrically stimulated current against temperature exhibit 2 maxima (-80 and +80 un. Concent 85% C), showing different levels of electron traps. The positions of thermally and electrically stimulated electric current maxima coincide with each other which shows a close interdependence of the two phenomena. (Referativnyy zhurnal, Avtomatika i radioelektronika, No. 12, 1961)


College students Integrity Education is an indispensable element of the Independent Commission Against culture construction of the whole society,is an important part of the ideological and political education,the major significance of building a socialist core value system.Integrity Education of College Students must be combined with the times,combined with the physical and psychological characteristics of college students.To emphasize that capitalize on the trend in the traditional culture and real life,subtle,constantly adjust and improve the values of the college students,promote students self-discipline and demeanor to comply with social norms and expectations.


Although there are some experimental hints for the higher excited ρ mesons, our knowledge of their properties is much poor theoretically. Based on our recent work about excited ρ mesons [Phys.Rev.D104(2021)034013], we present the mass spectra and decay properties of the higher excited ρ mesons with the modified Godfrey-Isgur quark model and the 3 P 0 strong decay model, and compare our predictions with the experimental hints, which should be helpful to search for these higher excited ρ mesons.


At present, people have realized the necessity of reducing sta te contr olled stock, however, the legislation concerning the reduction of state control led stock is rather inadequate. There is still room for improvement in The Inte rim Measures . It is necessary to examine some issues about the reduction of s tate controlled stock on a deeper level from a legislative angle and put forward c oncrete legislative designs.


1. Mixed oxide powder consisting of particles which are the components zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide, and at least a third component selected from the group consisting of yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide or calcium oxide, characterized in that! the content of aluminum oxide is 0.01 to 10 wt%, and it is homogeneously distributed in the mixed oxide particles.; ! the content of aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide and yttrium oxide is at least 99.5 wt.%, based on the total amount of powder, and! BET specific surface area is from 20 to 80 m2 / g. ! 2. The mixed oxide powder according to claim 1, characterized in that the alumina content is 0.1 to 1 wt.%, Based on the total amount of powder. ! 3. Powder according to claim 1 or 2 mixed oxide, wherein the content of aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide and yttrium oxide is at least 99.7%, based on the total amount of powder. ! 4. A powder according to claim 1 mixed oxide, characterized in that the zirconium dioxide content, based on the total amount of powder is at least 75 wt.%. ! 5. Powder according to claim 4 mixed oxide, characterized in that the zirconia fraction contains 0 to 4 wt.% Of hafnium dioxide. ! 6. The mixed oxide powder according to claim 1, characterized in that the third component is present in an amount effective to stabilize the tetragonal or cubic phase zirconia. ! 7. Powder according to claim 1 mixed oxide, characterized in that the third component is yttrium oxide. ! 8. The mixed oxide powder according to claim 7, characterized in that it contains from 5 to 15 wt.% Of yttrium oxide, based on the total amount of powder. ! 9. The mixed oxide powder


We develop and test a model of the patenting and R&D decisions of an innovating firm whose researcher-employees sometime quit to join or start a rival. In our model, the innovating firm patents to protect itself from its workers. We show theoretically that the risk of a scientist's departure raises the firm's propensity to patent an innovation and reduces its research expenditures, which is confirmed in our empirical study of firm-level panel data. Our results suggest that the scientists' turnover partly explains cross-industry patenting variation, recent increases in patenting, and why small firms have high patent-R&D ratios.


Young adults between the ages of 20 to 24 are reported to have the highest smoking rates of any other age group. A questionnaire was used to assess the smoking practices and beliefs of 323 female university students. All participants were first year students entering university in a city where smoke-free legislation had been enacted. Results indicated that smoking rates were lower then those found among other university samples. This suggests that no-smoking legislation may promote an atmosphere where pressures to smoke are minimized, thus assisting students in making positive choices concerning their health. These exploratory findings require replication in future research. ********** Despite the documented adverse effects of smoking on health (1,2,3) and the devastating economic costs from a health care perspective (e.g., from lost productivity, fire damage) (4,5) society continues to use tobacco products. Health Canada (6) reports that 20 to 24 year olds have the highest smoking rates of any other age group. For example, numerous campus-based studies in North America have reported smoking rates between 10% to 19%; (7,8,9,10) however, if experimental smoking is considered, rates increase dramatically to 37% to 78%. (9,10) Although research reveals that smoking prevalence declines with higher educational attainment (American Lung Association, 2002; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001), (4,11) smoking still exists among the educated. Over and above the effects smoking has on disease development, (2) smoking creates additional problems unique to women. For example, Stachenko et al. (3) found that female smokers who use oral contraceptives are 8 to 10 times more likely to suffer a cardiovascular incident then non-smoking oral contraceptive users, including the possibility of a subarachnoid hemonhage, depressed HDL-cholesterol levels, and myocardial infarction. Additionally, women smokers are also more likely to face issues with infertility and problems while pregnant (e.g., higher rates of spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, low birth weight babies, premature deliveries). (2) Additionally Crocker et al. (12) revealed that smokers had lower levels of global self-esteem, body attractiveness and greater dietary restriction than non-smokers (see, also, George & Johnson (13)). Purpose This exploratory research highlights some of the findings obtained from the analysis of a questionnaire administered to university-aged women concerning their beliefs and smoking practices in a city with no-smoking legislation. Methods Three hundred and twenty three first year female students were recruited during weekly on-campus residence meetings from a university in Central Ontario. Individuals were residents of all-female on-campus dormitories and ranged in age from 17 to 22 years, with a mean of 19 years. A total of 254 participants classified themselves as non-smokers, 13 considered themselves smokers, 40 stated that they were social smokers and the remaining 16 former smokers. The response rate was approximately 95%. A 60-item questionnaire, developed by the research team, was distributed to participants. Results Most students were 19 and 20 years of age (94%) and from the Faculty of Arts (48%) in terms of academic discipline. Ninety three percent of the entire sample rated their overall health status as excellent or good. More non-smokers (94%), social smokers (90%) and former smokers (88%) rated their health as good or excellent, compared to current smokers (70%). The pill was used by 39% of non-smokers, 77% of smokers, 60% of social smokers and 56% of former smokers. (Table 1) Prior to attending university, 75% of the sample classified themselves as nonsmokers; however, at the time of the study, 84% of participants indicated that they were either non-smokers or former smokers. All those classified as smokers at the time of the study claimed to have started smoking prior to attending university. …


In this paper,entire straggling form of a partial integro-differential equation is considered.The article presents the secret at 6 o'clock form method in the direction of x.It applies the inversion technique for the Laplace transform in the direction of t.The numerical value solution is accurate and convenient.


The technological possibilities and future public health importance of metagenomic sequencing have received extensive attention, but there has been little discussion about the policy and regulatory issues that need to be addressed if metagenomic sequencing is adopted as a key technology for biosurveillance. In this article, we introduce metagenomic monitoring as a possible path to eventually replacing current infectious disease monitoring models. Many key enablers are technological, whereas others are not. We therefore highlight key policy challenges and implementation questions that need to be addressed for "widespread metagenomic monitoring" to be possible. Policymakers must address pitfalls like fragmentation of the technological base, private capture of benefits, privacy concerns, the usefulness of the system during nonpandemic times, and how the future systems will enable better response. If these challenges are addressed, the technological and public health promise of metagenomic sequencing can be realized.


In general,agricultural soil is seriously polluted in China for soil acidification and salinization,high content of heavy metals such as As,Hg,Pb,and Cd,and high organic pollutant residues such as pesticides, which has threatened sustainable agricultural development and public health.The external factor causing soil contamination is poisonous substance residue from stacked solid wastes.The internal factors include over-application of chemical fertilizers,soil absorption and detention of pesticides,discharge of fowl and livestock wastes,sewage irrigation and poisonous substance residues from plastic mulching.Soil contamination will still be quite serious in China in a certain period,and many things,such as reducing introduction of harmful substance and researching into soil remediation,should be done to change the current conditions.


Background and Purpose: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the common causes of referral to treatment centers at pre-menopausal age. Persian comprehensive medicine expresses several causes for this problem. These causes can be divided into two general categories of uterine causes and blood causes. Blood causes include changes in the quality and quantity of blood that may change blood fluidity. The purpose of this article is to investigate the blood-induced changes in uterine bleeding from the viewpoint of Persian medicine and its explanation based on the fluid mechanics. Methods and Materials: First, the causes of abnormal uterine bleeding were studied by searching the reference books of traditional Persian medicine. Since a series of these causes have focused on changes in the blood flow, in order to study the blood flow behavior, the keywords of "Rheology", "Hemorheology" and "Blood rheology" were searched on relevant scientific sources. Then the relationship between blood flow and abnormal uterine bleeding was explained. Results: From the perspective of Persian medicine, one of the causes of uterine bleeding is a change in the quality of blood as a result of its heat increase or an increase in the percentage of water relative to its other components, or a change in the amount of blood. Based on the science of fluid mechanics, these changes increase the fluidity of the blood. Conclusion: Understanding the mechanism of blood changes and its relationship with abnormal uterine bleeding will open new horizons in preventing and treating this problem.


Abstract : This report contains the description and results of work conducted by General Electric Aircraft Engines (GEAE) between October 1994 and April 1997 under the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) contract to study aging engine issues relative to stationary components. Specifically, the FAA's goal was to develop "Crack Growth-Based Predictive Methodologies for the Maintenance of the Structural Integrity of Repaired and Nonrepaired Aging Engine Stationary Components." GEAE's project in support of this goal was to study specific components, combustion casings, and compressor rear frames in service on older GEAE engines to determine if periodic inspections are warranted and to develop the tools necessary to conduct effective inspections should the data support a proactive need. The project was originally scheduled to cover a 5-year period but was prematurely curtailed due to funding priorities. A detail description of the planned work scope along with results for that portion of the work that was completed are reported herein.


Layered nanostructures of copper metal and cuprous oxide are electrodeposited from alkaline solutions of Cu(II) lactate at room temperature. No subsequent heat treatment is necessary to effect crystallization. The electrode potential spontaneously oscillates during constant-current deposition. At a fixed current density the oscillation period decreases as either the pH or temperature is increased. The oscillations are periodic in stirred solution, but show period doubling and evidence of quasi-periodic or chaotic behavior in unstirred solution. The phase composition and resistivity of the films can be controlled by varying the applied current density. The resistivity of the films can be varied over ten orders of magnitude. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the films are layered.


Distance educators at any stage of their career or dealing with any discipline of knowledge are required to engage into number of tasks like present and construct assessment tools, make valid judgments of the student progress in learning, facilitate the provision of feedback and support the production and delivery of mark/grade to assess their students. Assessing students in distance education is a cumbersome task and technology offers number of possibilities and opportunities for educators to make this task more enjoyable, feasible, meaningful, and reliable. In this backdrop, the present chapter focuses on defining assessment in the context of distance education; discusses about promises and on-going initiatives for using technology to assess students; underlines pitfalls of technology supported assessment in distance education; offers useful strategies for distance educators to use technology for assessment; and predicts the future of technology supported assessment in distance education.


A new type of self-adaptive system has been developed in which parameters of the proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller are so selected that the controller may compensate the process dynamics, which is measured automatically and continuously. In this way, the total system dynamics is always near the ideal, even if the process dynamics changes in an unexpected way.


Background and Objectives Tinnitus, although being a common chronic disease, can be an intractable disease that causes depression and insomnia. This study aimed to analyze the results of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire surveys before and after clonazepam therapy. In addition, we analyzed the association of three pre-treatment questionnaires and evaluated whether pre-treatment factors could predict the post-treatment THI index.Subjects and Method Patients were selected from those who visited a tertiary hospital from 2019 to 2021 for the treatment of chronic tinnitus they had for more than 3 months and who were over 20 years old. Patients were excluded from the study if they were diagnosed with acute sudden hearing loss, Meniere's disease, brain/internal auditory canal tumors, or muscular/vascular tinnitus. The questionnaire surveys of THI, BDI, PSQI were conducted before and after 3 months of clonazepam therapy (Rivotril [Roche Inc.] 0.25 or 0.5 mg). Questionnaire scores were compared using the paired t-test. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationships among the three questionnaires.Results A total of 76 patients (38 males and 38 females) with the mean age of 57.2±9.01 years was analyzed. The average hearing threshold was 30.4±20.67 dB HL on the right and 31.7±17.06 dB HL on the left. The pre-treatment THI, BDI, and PSQI scores were 44.3±23.4, 7.96±2.36, and 6.85±4.68, respectively. The relationships between the THI and BDI and the THI and PSQI were significant (p=0.0027 and p<0.0001, respectively). The pre-THI score showed no significant association with age, sex, or hearing threshold (p=0.91, 0.85, and 0.23, respectively). The post-treatment THI score was 33.6±17.1, which was significantly lower than the pre-THI scores (p<0.0001). Post-BDI and post-PSQI were 7.38±2.25 and 4.04±3.20, respectively. Post-PSQI also significantly decreased compared with pre-PSQI (p=0.0002), but post-BDI did not significantly decrease (p=0.1231). In the THI survey, Question 7 (sleep disturbance) showed decrease the most, followed by Question 25 (unstable mood). The post-treatment THI could be predicted by using the formula, 0.7673+0.6947×pre-THI+0.3572×pre-PSQI.Conclusion The appropriate/optional use of clonazepam at low doses (0.25-0.5 mg) can significantly improve chronic tinnitus and sleep quality. Tinnitus was significantly associated with the scores of THI, BDI, PSQI and the usage of Clonazepam significantly reduced the THI and PSQI scores. However, clonazepam did not affect the BDI score.


We tested 44 variations in profiles of climate change activists to see what affected willingness to associate with them. The largest effects were from activists' perspectives on climate change, how often they pressure others, gun control views, and party affiliation. If implemented as a traditional factorial experiment, this experiment would require 648,000 conditions and an infeasibly large sample. We obtained our results much more efficiently via an experimental design rare in communication research. Conjoint experiments will be useful to science communication researchers who wish to simultaneously test many factors of complex stimuli, such as individuals, organizations, technologies, or policies.


We report bulk and interface charge densities in silicon nitride thin films deposited by plasma chemical vapor deposition from NH3–N2–SiH4 mixtures, at temperatures compatible with flexible plastic substrates. Bulk and interface charges are independently determined from measurements of flat band potential as a function of film thickness for a range of substrate temperatures and gas compositions. Increasing NH–SiH bond ratio in the deposited films (determined from infrared absorption) leads to a more positive interface charge and more negative bulk charge, and the trend in interface charge is consistent with a relation between charge and stress at the Si–SiNx interface. As substrate temperature is decreased from 250to50°C, the leakage is observed to decrease, the interface charge decreases, and the bulk charge changes from negative to net positive.


The words of a dying person are trustworthy, because they are uttered in front of eternity. Hence the habit of setting some literary works in the days which precede the protagonists' death and of attributing to dying famous characters maxims meant as a spiritual heritage for future generations. there are also cases when the dying person takes advantage of such an extreme moment to pronounce a witty remark which will be read as an example of contemptus mortis. Though preceded by the episode of the death of Epaminondas, Christianity is the first to define dies natalis the day when men are born to true life, which does not belong to this world. Among the many "last words", those pronounced by the famous grammarian Basilio Puoti (who was De Sanctis' master) and documented in reliable sources, are particularly worth mentioning.


Abstract Background: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by quantitative and/or qualitative defects of the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex. Physiologically, the integrin GPIIb/IIIa binds Von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen on activated platelets. GT is caused by genetic alterations in ITGA2B or ITGB3 (genes encoding GPIIb and GPIIIa). Patients: This study describes 2 siblings diagnosed with GT type I associated with homozygous point mutations in ITGA2B. All patients presented with typical bleeding disorder including moderate hematomas, petechiae, and mucocutaneous bleedings. Methods/Results: Both siblings showed severely reduced platelet aggregation especially after stimulation with collagen and adenosine diphosphate. Absence of platelet GPIIb/GPIIIa complex was determined using flow cytometry. Molecular genetic analysis revealed 2 distinct homozygous point mutations in exon 18 of ITGA2B. Family 1 was identified with c.1878G>C and family 2 with c.1787T>C substitution. While the c.1787T>C mutation causes a single amino acid substitution p.I565T, the c.1878G>C mutation (p.Q595H) is predicted to induce a mRNA splicing anomaly. Conclusion: These mutations were identified as cause of GT type I in the described patients. Patients with GT should be documented in a prospective register to verify the correlation between the severity of bleeding symptoms and the pathogenic mutation. This can have effects on therapeutic decisions.


on two grounds: first,the fear of an uprising like the French Revolution; and second, the belief in the sanctity and civilizing influence of property. Order and property must at all hazards be maintained, and in the midst of the rapid economic changes which were occurring this could be accomplished only by a policy of stern repression. Under such circumstances there was no hope for the poor. This philosophy, which dominated the thinking of middle-class Englishmen during the nineteenth century, has been rudely shaken by the present European war. "New Lessons have been learned from the sacrifices made by every home, in the struggle with a spirit that presents the most sinister aspects of the industrial system in a military form." Hence for us today this history of the past has a new value. E. L. BOGAET. University of Illinois.


The studies were undertaken to identify the pathogen associated with fruit rot of capsicum and their resistance sources in North-western Himalayas. The Colletotrichum species showing incidence up to 50.0% and severity index of 30.5% in chili fields was identified as C. acutatum based on morphological characteristics as well as species-specific DNA markers. The pathogen was further subcategorized as C. simmondsii within the phylogeny of C. acutatum complex using two DNA barcode markers, internal transcribe spacer region (ITS) and β-tubulin (TUB2) gene sequence data. Five capsicum accessions namely, EC631750, EC631751, California Wonder, PBC 80 and PBC 81 were identified as potential resistance donors while screening 195 germplasm lines against this species.


Genetic algorithm(GA) and partical swarm optimization(PSO) both belong to evolutionary algorithm,which can help to find the optimum solution.GA and PSO are applied to the design of reflectarray to cut the design period and improve its performance greatly.The reflectarray designed by this way can still keep a big angle RCS,which is above-20 dB at 10 GHz,and can be adjusted flexiably according to the actual requirement.The simulation and measured results is much the same.


Background: Diversity in clinical practice may become a problem and increase the risk of errors. Several tools have been suggested to reduce this diversity and improve unification in clinical practice. These tools include the clinical pathway, clinical guidelines, and practice protocol. They have been proven effective. However, there are different barriers to their application. Methods and Data Analysis: A cross-sectional survey in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia aimed to identify the availability of the clinical pathway, clinical guidelines, and practice protocol and their benefits, as well as barriers in their development and utilization. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to evaluate the study results. Findings are presented as numbers and percentages. Results: Clinical pathway, clinical guidelines, and practice protocol are available to a large extent in the Eastern Province. The study showed some difficulties in the development and implementation of these tools, such as insufficient training and leader support. It also provided some suggestions to overcome these barriers. Conclusion: The availability of clinical pathway, clinical guidelines, and practice protocol has helped unify practice and reduce errors in the clinical setting. The barriers can be overcome by different solutions.


Modern multiuser software systems have adopted role-based access control (RBAC) for authorization management. This paper presents a formal model for RBAC policy validation and a static-analysis model for RBAC systems that can be used to (i) identify the roles required by users to execute an enterprise application, (ii) detect potential inconsistencies caused by principal-delegation policies, which are used to override a user's role assignment, (Hi) report if the roles assigned to a user by a given policy are redundant or insufficient, and (iv) report vulnerabilities that can result from unchecked intra-component accesses. The algorithms described in this paper have been implemented as part of IBM's enterprise security policy evaluator (ESPE) tool. Experimental results show that the tool found numerous policy flaws, including ten previously unknown flaws from two production-level applications, with no false-positive reports.


The Chinese government divides public security events into four kinds: natural disasters,industry accidents,public health and social security.The Chinese public security management mechanism includes: the establishment of the Emergency Management Office of State Council at the national level and the corresponding organizations with regard to the four public security incidents-the National Committee for Disaster Reduction to manage natural disasters,the National Committee for Work Safety to manage industry accidents,the National Committee for Patriotic Health to manage public health and the National Committee for Integrated Management to manage public security.At the local levels,there are corresponding public security management organizations with accordance to the national level.The local emergency management centre and the committees for the four public security incidents management have been gradually established.The Chinese government has made some emergency plans for all kinds of public security management,and worked out some series of laws,rules and decisions with regard to some main public security factors.So it can be regarded that the Chinese public security management system depends mainly on the central management,with the mutual cooperation between the central government and the local governments.The related departments of the central government and the local governments take their corresponding pre-disaster,in-disaster and post-disaster responsibilities,and there's no single government department in charge of all the tasks of a single public security factor.The Chinese public security management strategy persists in the principle of "give priority to disaster prevention,and combine disaster prevention with disaster resistance and relief".Since the breakout of the SARS crisis in 2003,the Chinese governments of all levels have paid more attention to the emergency management system construction in the public security management work.This paper first analyzes the status of public security management mode system of China,then the integrated regional public security management mode is put forward,namely during the whole disaster reduction process,the governments,enterprises and communities should be united as an organic entity.At last,under the guidance of this public security management mode,according to the existing problems in the system and mechanism of the Chinese public security management,this paper puts forward five countermeasures to improve the Chinese public security management of all government levels.


The use of testing framework has become a growing requirement in software development. This framework is a kind of software which can automate the pre-generated test cases. So, for developing test automation software an incremental and timeframe iterative approach known as Agile Software Development Methodology can be used. It provides software developers a working test framework early with respect to traditional software development methods e.g. waterfall model. In this paper, an approach of developing test automation software with closed collaboration with product development team is discussed. The proposed method modifies the Agile Development method with scrum by introducing few meetings for combined teams working for development of software product and test automation software. An industrial case study is also presented in the paper.


Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is an advanced technique for noncontact 3D live cell imaging which uses a scanned nanoelectrode to map morphology in conductive physiological media. While SICM is very useful, parallel brightfield image contrast in live cells is compromised by interruption of the transmitted light path. Here we present a general schema for condenser-free phase-contrast microscopy that is fully compatible with conventional optics. The chief advantage of this design is that it abrogates the condenser assembly, allowing the precise alignment of true phase-contrast illumination for objectives of any magnification or NA in parallel with scanning probe microscopy.


Leak detection is an important issue to be resolved of pipeline networks integrity and early leak detection and monitoring is highly demanded in the water network systems and energy transport field, since it can minimize environmental impact and economic loss. Nowadays, most leak detection methods require equipment to be used and/or installed which can be costly and often involve a lot of modelling and simulation. The goal of this work is to offer a solution for accurate in-pipe leak position detection by design of swimming robot (passively in-pipe swimming ball) that is equipped with an Inertial measurement Unit (IMU) board and a microphone required for leak localization. The data (Gyros, Accels) measured by IMU are used in calculating the position of the in-pipe swimbot and the deep learning classifier is applied using data recorded by the microphone to identify different acoustic characteristics of leak sounds.


For propagating and evanescent vector Bessel beams, we study the singularities of the Poynting vector (Poynting singularities), at which the energy flux density turns to zero. Poynting singularities include all the phase singularities and some of polarization ones (L- and C-points). We reveal the existence conditions and positions of singularities, which are located at cylindrical surfaces around the beam axis. We mark the special case of the evanescent Bessel beam in the form of cylindrical standing wave, that is singular at any spatial point.


With the example of Beihu Bridge over Songshan Lake in Dongguan, Guangdong, it is introduced that the bridge load test can find the actual working condition of the bridge and determine whether its structural performance meets the relevant requirements. Detection and appraisal of the operation of Beihu Bridge through dead load test and dynamic load test have obtained basic information for management, daily monitoring, repair and strengthening of the bridge.


The present article studies the technological possibilities of using a combined mixture of tomato
extract, ascorbic acid as an antioxidant synergist and sodium polyphosphate as a chelating agent with
a view to reducing the amount of nitrites added and enhancing the quality and safety of cooked
sausages. The results obtained demonstrate that the addition of tomato extract, containing 10%
lycopene in combination with ascorbic acid and sodium polyphosphate resulted in a more saturated red colour and slowed the processes which induced lipid peroxidation reactions, reduce greatly the
added nitrite amount and contributed to improved overall quality of structureless cooked sausage.


A shaft-rotor system which has a symmetrical nonlinear restoring force exerted on the rotor when it is radially displaced is analysed. Solutions which predict harmonic whirl are obtained and their stability is investigated. The effect of viscous friction in the rotating members is considered and, as a result of the nonlinearity, a whirl is shown to occur at frequencies which correspond to the free undamped vibrations of the system rather than at the synchronous speed.


In this paper, The Hamlet will be analyzed in detail to define the relation between the transactions and Flem Snopes's success in a small hamlet. This novel consists of 4 books, each of which has plenty of episodes of transactions between Flem and his neighbor traders. Ironically, every step of Flem's ascending status is also determined by his successful transactions with his neighbor traders who tried to outwit him, because Flem knows and uses human desire and greed very well. His changing status matches the levels of Maslovian hierarchy of needs. The first transaction between Flem and Jody Varner resulted in Flem's entrance to the hamlet with his new job and office. The second transaction with Will Varner promoted Flem as a member of the landlord's family, providing him with his shelter and land. The last transaction with V. K. Ratliff promised him to be the future banker in Jefferson. Faulkner describes Flem's success as the example of the Southern proverb, "Trickster tricked" I hope that reading this novel through Flem's Received (April 23, 2017), Review Result (May 9, 2017) Accepted (May 16, 2017), Published (July 31, 2017) 51767 College of General Education, Kyungnam Univ., Masanhapo-gu, Changwon, Korea email: email@example.com Re-reading The Hamlet through Transactions Copyright c 2017 HSST 794 transactions will be an unprecedented way to understand this novel and Faulkner's changing attitude toward the South and the Southern people.


During a follow-up of 198 infants from birth to age 12 months, 7 developed allergy to cow's milk. In 2 of these eczema appeared even during exclusive breast feeding (at ages 1 and 5 months), and in the others shortly after the introduction of cow's milk (between ages 3 and 10 months). The allergy was verified by test challenge in hospital. Of the 7 infants, 6 had supranormal plasma levels of IgE, and IgE antibodies to cow's milk. In the development of total and anti-cow's milk IgA, IgG and IgM plasma levels the 7 infants did not differ from the others. IgA antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin were lower in the mothers of the 7 infants than in the other mothers in colostrum and in milk 4 months post partum (p=0.05). There was no such difference in milk beta-lactoglobulin concentrations. The total IgA levels in milk were also lower in the 7 mothers throughout lactation; the difference was significant at 4 and 6 months post partum. The levels of IgG and IgM cow's milk antibodies were low in breast milk and showed no such difference. Plasma levels of IgA cow's milk antibodies were also lower in the mothers of the 7 infants than in the other mothers. We infer that inmunoglobulins in breast milk may influence the infant's immune responses to food antigens.


The high temperature limit of interacting spins is usually not associated with ordering or critical phenomena. Nevertheless, spontaneous fluctuations of a local spin polarization at equilibrium have nontrivial dynamics even in this limit. Here, we demonstrate that the spin noise power spectrum of these fluctuations can undergo discontinuous changes as a function of an external magnetic field. As a simple illustration, we consider a model of Ising-like long range spin-spin interactions with a transverse magnetic field as a control parameter. This system undergoes a phase transition associated with disappearance of the noise power peak responsible for the most detrimental decoherence effect of the interactions. \end{abstract}


Recent literature surrounding the process of recovery from work and work-related demands has included the supervisor as a key variable influencing how and if employees recover from work. Recovery represents the return of personal resources to their pre-work levels and is typically conceptualized as taking place during non-work time (e.g., at night after work, weekends, holidays). It is theorized to take place through four main recovery experiences: psychological detachment from work, relaxation, mastery experiences, and control over leisure time. This study extends the literature surrounding recovery experiences to include subordinate perceptions of supervisor recovery as a potential predictor of subordinate recovery and well-being. Participants (N=252) completed three time-lagged surveys and reported their perceptions of their supervisor's recovery (Time 1), their own recovery (Time 2), and their feelings of vigor and fatigue (Time 3). Perceived supervisor recovery was empirically distinguishable from supervisor support for recovery and provided incremental validity in predicting subordinate recovery beyond this support perception. These results bolster the conclusion that supervisor recovery can spillover to directly influence subordinate recovery. The Association of Subordinate Perceptions of Supervisor Recovery with Subordinate Recovery Outcomes Molly Eleanor Minnen General Audience Abstract Recent research has focused on how the supervisor may influence how and if subordinates are able to rest and recover from the demands they face at work. The process of recovery from work is usually thought to take place during time away from work (e.g., at night after work, weekends, holidays) and is thought to occur through four experiences: psychological detachment from work (cutting mental and physical ties with work), relaxation (positive mood and low effort), mastery experiences (building skills or hobbies), and control over leisure time (being able to decide how to spend one's time). This thesis extends previous work to include subordinate perceptions of how his / her supervisor is recovering from work as a potential predictor of subordinate recovery and recovery related outcomes. Participants (N=252) completed three surveys over the course of four weeks and reported their perceptions of their supervisor's recovery (Survey 1), their own recovery (Survey 2), and their feelings of vigor and fatigue (Survey 4). Subordinate perceptions of the mastery and control of their supervisor was related to subordinate mastery and control above and beyond existing measures of how the supervisor may influence subordinate recovery. These results suggest that the supervisor may be an important role model in how subordinates recover.


The growing demand for more computing power at increasing speed in many scienti c and engineering applications made it necessary to develop advanced computer archi tectures based on the concept of parallel processing In general a parallel computer system consists of various processing and memory units and other shared resources A critical issue in design and analysis of parallel systems is the way in which the system components are connected together since this interconnection network determines the performance of the whole system Bhuy The network topology de ned as the ab stract representation of the connections in the network is a key factor in determing a suitable architectural structure A lot of criteria for a comparison of interconnection topologies have been proposed we will focus on the problem of nding topologies with minimum communication delays expressed by the diameter and the average distance of the network The progress in solving the d k problem which is de ned as nding a graph with a maximum number of nodes for given degree d and diameter k is shown and Extended Chordal Rings are proposed as a good solution to the problem of minimizing communication delays in networks of low degree


The incorporation of nonnegativity constraints in image reconstruction problems is known to have a stabilizing effect on solution methods. In this paper, we both demonstrate and provide an explanation of this phenomena when the image reconstruction problem of interest has least squares form. The benefits of using this natural constraint suggest the importance of incorporating a priori knowledge about solutions when possible. In fact, if this prior information is significantly strong, sophisticated likelihood functions and computational methods may not be necessary.


Chlormadinone-acetate and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were tested for their action on fertility (litter parameters) through 6 generations of laboratory mice. The fertility parameters recorded were in no way indicative of any fertility-depressing effect. HCG acted positively on ovulation rates and also had a somewhat favourable impact on body weight development of the mice involved in testing.


Operational risk is a prominent preoccupation of all managers these days. Indeed, the development of collective awareness has led executives to implement a wide variety of solutions in order to keep this risk and its consequences under control. In this context, we propose a practical implementation methodology of key risk indicators system with the aim to identify operational risks and above all to propose preventive and corrective measures capable of monitoring and managing operational risks. The proposed system will be adjusted to Investment Management process in a Moroccan Asset Management Company.


The utility model discloses a fluid detection device which comprises a pattern detection module, a data analyzing and processing module and a display device. A pattern signal collected by the pattern detection module is sent to an analog/digital conversion circuit, and then the signal is analyzed and processed by the data analyzing and processing module and is displayed on the display device. In the technical scheme, the pattern detection module sends the signal to the analog/digital conversion circuit, the analog/digital conversion circuit converts the analog signal generated by the detection module into a digital signal, then the digital signal is sent to the data analyzing and processing module in wired and wireless ways, and the data analyzing and processing module displays the detection result on the display device.


Aquaculture is the fastest‐growing food‐producing sector worldwide. The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is one of the most important cultured species. However, diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio spp. constitute a significant obstacle for the further expansion of M. rosenbergii cultivation. Some novel strategies to control diseases have been suggested, and in this thesis, we investigated the impact of host‐pathogen signaling and of quorum sensing, bacterial cell‐to‐cell communication, on the virulence of pathogenic bacteria towards giant freshwater prawn larvae. Vibrio campbellii is one of the major pathogens of aquatic organisms, and virulence gene expression of this bacterium is regulated by a three channel quorum sensing system. In this thesis, first it is shown that this quorum sensing system is required for full virulence of the bacterium towards giant freshwater prawn larvae. Secondly, the quorum sensing‐disrupting compounds cinnamaldehyde, brominated furanone, and brominated thiophenone are shown to increase the survival of giant freshwater prawn larvae when challenged to Vibrio campbellii. Third, quorum sensing signal molecule‐degrading bacteria isolated from microalgae are shown to degrade signal molecules produced by various aquaculture pathogens and to protect giant freshwater prawn larvae from vibriosis. Further, it is shown that catecholamines (stress hormones produced by higher organisms) significantly induce the growth in an iron‐limited environment and the swimming motility of vibrios. Finally, catecholamines are shown to significantly increase the virulence of V. campbellii towards giant freshwater prawn larvae. In conclusion, the results presented in this study showed that pathogen‐pathogen signaling and host‐pathogen signaling play an important role in the virulence of vibrios in giant freshwater prawn larvae. Quorum sensing‐disrupting compounds and quorum sensing signal molecule‐degrading bacteria are promising novel tools to control bacterial disease, and the interference with catecholamine sensing in order to control disease needs further research.


Tamarindus indica L. is an open-pollinated crop, hence improvement in the crop yield depends on the progress of variability in the desired characters in the base material vis-a-vis germplasm collection. An evaluation of thirty-five genotypes of tamarind was carried out based on variability and character association in various pod traits as a scope for further productivity improvement. Variability studies for pod traits revealed that, genotype TI-9 recorded maximum for seven traits viz. pod width (5.48 cm), pod thickness (2.43 cm), pulp weight (51.33 g), vein weight (4.15 g), shell weight (17.90 g), pod weight (83.06 g), and pulp per cent (61.42). However maximum pod length was recorded by the genotype TI-22 (26.60 cm). Genotype TI-26 exhibited the lowest for six traits viz. pod length (8.31 cm), seed weight (1.91 g), vein weight (0.20 g), shell weight (2.11g), pod weight (8.46 g) and pulp weight (4.23 g). Pod traits like shell weight, pod weight, pulp weight, and vein weight exhibited higher estimates of heritability coupled with higher genetic advance. Correlation coefficient studies indicated that pulp weight per pod expressed highest positive genotypic and phenotypic association with pod weight, vein weight, shell weight, pod width and pod length. Path coefficient analysis revealed that, pod weight, pulp per cent, seed per cent and shell per cent exhibited positive direct effect on pulp weight.


Although scleroedema is uncommon it is probably much less rare than the relatively small number of recorded cases (about I25) would imply, as many of the authors who have become interested in the condition have been able to collect several cases within quite short periods. As our knowledge of the collagen diseases has increased, scleroderma has attracted the attention of physicians in many specialities and now usually receives consideration as a diagnostic possibility. This wider recognition of scleroderma lends greater importance to scleroedema with which in its early stages it is so easily confused and from which it differs in course and prognosis.


Many of the problems facing agriculture today are more appropriately solved by groups than individuals, making group problem solving a valuable skill to learn in the agricultural education classroom. The Center for Vocational Education (1977) inferred that an ideal classroom learning environment during group problem solving is realized when there is equal or transactional student/teacher participatory interaction:


Through the already circulated classical literarures, Chen Wei-wu(陈伟武) first arranged and studied the classics about millitary science written on silk or bamboo in the Qin and Han Dynasties(秦汉), which were recently excavated, in his An Exploration of the Classics About Military Science Written on Silk or Bamboo(简帛兵学文献探论). The main theme of the work is very clear and its contents are very rich. The author quoted all kinds of materials widely and proved the truths so as to explain the difficult problems, correct mistakes and get many new discoveries.


in P. vivax especially in adults of Indian population. The percentage of people having low platelets in P. vivax according to various studies done across the globe varies from 40% to 78%.3,4 Many Indian studies are however carried out in paediatric population. In this s tudy, we analysed the extent of thrombocytopenia in P. vivax in Indian adult population. Also, we carried out the study to find any co-relation between the severity of thrombocytopenia and complicated malaria.


This research will discuss the issues related to the philosophical foundation and the
ratio legis that legalized the abortion due to rape, it's implications and the legislation policy
of abortion in the case of pregnancy due to rape in Ius constituendum (future). To address the
issues occurred in legalization of abortion due to rape in perspective the Indonesian health
law, this research uses multiple approaches included; Statute Approach, Conceptual
Approach, and Historical Approach. Legislative in this research being used to examine the
philosophical foundation and the ratio legis in legalizing to performing abortion due to rape.
The conceptual approach in this research is used to examine several existed; the concept of
justice, the of human rights concept, the basic concept of the abolition of the criminal, penal
policy concept, and the concept of trauma psychologist. The comparative approach in this
research used in order to assess the comparative micro abortion legislation from the
Netherlands, Malaysia and Brazil.
Article 28 H section (1) of the Indonesian Constitution of 1945 stipulated; "Everyone
has the right to live physically and spiritually prosperity, has the right to residence, and has
the right to obtain a good and healthy living environment, and right to access the health
services." Abortion in the case of pregnancy due to rape have both physical and mental
health impact for the women who has the abortions. In addition to the medical implications,
the abortion due to rape also lead to the juridical implications since the abortion only
permitted when it meets the requirements stipulated under Article 75 Section (2) and Article
76 of Health Law jo. Government Regulation number 61 of 2014 on Reproduction Health. In
contrary, when the conditions that has been established could not be fulfilled, the offender
will be charged with criminal offenses stipulated under Article 194 of Health Law. Hence,
the relevant legislation policy regarding the abortion in the case of pregnancy due to rape
should be formulated by heed the legal certainty, usefulness and fairness as the objective in
enacted the law.


An alpine lichen heath response to changes in the soil nutrient and water availability was examined, focused on changes in generative production (number of generative shoots and seed production). A four-year experiment was conducted at a lichen heath at approximately 2,800 meters above sea level. The experimental treatment consisted of Ca, P, N, NP amendments and irrigation. The experiment indicated that the generative production of alpine heath plants was strongly affected by nutrient availability. All graminoids analyzed in the experiment ( Festuca ovina, Helictotrichon versicolor, Luzula spicata and sedges) showed a strong positive response to the NP-treatment. Alchemilla caucasica and Ranunculus oreophilus were positively affected by the NP treatment, Trifolium polyphyllum and Anemone speciosa by the N treatment and Antennaria dioica by the P treatment. Irrigation did not have any effect on generative shoot abundance, except for Euphrasia ossica , which showed a strong increase. Fertilization had significant effects on seed production, which however did not directly correlate with changes in abundance of generative shoots. NP treatment increased seed production of Festuca ovina and decreased seed production of Campanula tridentata. Irrigation, P and Ca treatments lead to an increase in seed production of Anemone speciosa . Seed production of Carum caucasicum decreased in response to all the treatments.


This project presents a general description about the "Implementation of a wireless system for data communication in the hardware laboratory in the Career of Computer and Network Engineering", having as objectivethe technical characteristics of the devices for implementation.In addition, to consolidate through practices what has been learned in the theoretical classes within the classroom, in order to acquire greater knowledge in the technologies of the wirelesslocal area network, which are presented for a better functioning in the network, the main idea of this research is to put into practice new technological trends, which in turn can lead to a better understanding and understanding of infrastructures in network systems.The methods used were inductive and analytical, since surveys and interviews could determine the feasibility of the network system, bibliographic, and statistical was also used. This project will allow students to acquire more knowledge regarding the practices with technological equipment necessary for the laboratory.The proposal presents a "wireless system for data communication", leaving as a basis the knowledge and configuration of network security, which serve as a reference for different types of wireless communication infrastructure implementations in the hardware laboratory.


This paper introduces the process, pollution and disposing of the delayed coking unit. Some measures are adopted like reforming the coke cooling water, changing the treatment process of sour water and controlling noises. So, good benefits have been achieved.


This paper reviews the main performance criteria of the seabed sounding system of surface substrate with the result of the comparative test at sea.The test includes substrate sampling and identification,vessel-mounted sounding,the largest depth in substrate identification and repetitive consistency,etc.


The delta areas are part of terrestrial environments that – apart from volcanic phenomena have undergone the most important transformations in recent millennia, and in particular since the post glacial sea attained its current level. This event occurred between 6000 and 5000 years B.P, and for the few millennia that followed, the sea level has varied only slightly, whereas the coastal area has undergone considerable changes.


When "others" (such as women and people of color) make innovative contributions in scientific and technical fields, they often "disappear" from later history and their contributions are ascribed elsewhere. This is seldom deliberate—rather, it's a result of the accumulation of advantage by those who are expected to innovate. This article chronicles an example of such a disappearance and introduces the Conway Effect to elucidate the disappearance process.


The present study compared 2 methods for comparing multiple ideas in pupils'problem solving. Fifth grade pupils( N =44)were assigned to 1 of 2 conditions involving different methods. All pupils were shown 4 ideas based on the mean,mode,maximum,and minimum with a histogram. The pupils in the Method 1 group first found similarities between the 4 ideas,and then found differences. The pupils in the Method 2 group chose the best from among the 4 ideas,and then explained why they had selected it. Next,all the pupils solved 2 problems. Problem A examined whether they could estimate a number of ways other than the mean when the data contained an outlier;Problem B examined whether they could refer to multiple ideas when comparing data. More pupils in the Method 1 group than the Method 2 group gave appropriate answers on Problem A. On Problem B,the pupils in the Method 1 group referred to more ideas than the pupils in the Method 2 group did. These results suggest that finding similarities and differences between ideas may be an effective comparison method when solving problems about representative values.


Camel-based pastoral societies make an archaeological appearance at the center of the Near East towards the end of the second millennium. Advantageous for long-distance trade and desert warfare, the camel also opened up vast expanses of desert to human exploitation. The diverse cultural traditions of contemporary camel keepers illuminate the domestication and utilization of this estimable beast.


Inheritance is regarded as the hallmark of object-oriented programming languages.A mathematical model of inheritance is presented.In this model,the graph-sorted signature is introduced to represent the algebraic structure of the program,and an extension function on the graph-sorted signatures is used to formally describe the semantics of inheritance.The program's algebraic structure reflects the syntactic constraints of the language and the corresponding extension function exposes the character of the language's inheritance.


The aim of this research paper was to develop a simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate and economical Ultra Violet spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Domperidone.The study was performed in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer with 0.5 % Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS) and presence of the drug was analysed using UV spectrophotometer. Various analytical parameters such as linearity, range, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined according International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Absorbance maximum (λmax) of drug in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer was found to be 284 nm. Beer's law was obeyed over the concentration range of 2 - 10 μg/ml with a correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.999. % RSD values below 2 at different concentration levels for Intra and inter-day precision indicated that the proposed spectrophotometric method is highly reproducible. LOD and LOQ were 0.84 and 2.54μg/ml respectively signifying that it can be adopted for routine quality testing. The results of the study demonstrated that the developed method is accurate, precise and reproducible while being simple, cheap and less time consuming and hence can be suitably applied for the analysis of Domperidone in pharmaceutical preparations for dissolution studies.


--Engine pistons are one of the most complex components among all automotive and other industry field components. The engine can be called the heart of a vehicle and the piston may be considered the most important part of an engine. There are lots of research works proposing, for engine pistons, new geometries, materials and manufacturing techniques and this evolution has undergone with a continuous improvement over the last decades and required thorough examination of the smallest details. Notwithstanding all these studies, there are a huge number of damaged pistons. Damage mechanisms have different origins and are mainly wear, temperature, and fatigue related & cannot be repaired easily. The fatigue related piston damages play a dominant role mainly due to thermal and mechanical fatigue, either at room or at high temperature. The paper describes the Design, Optimization (in terms of Stress & Weight Reduction) and Fatigue Life Estimation of four stroke diesel engine piston. The main objective is to investigate the Stress Distribution, Temperature Variation, deformation & Fatigue Life estimation. In this work the FEA technique to predict the higher stress and critical region on the component. The optimization will be carried out to reduce the stress concentration on the piston using ANSYS. Fatigue life of the piston will be predicted using constant amplitude S-N data for the material used.


. This study evaluated the impact of a professional development program (PDP) on science lecturers' level of knowledge/understanding and the extent of use of modern technologies for improving their self-efficacy in teaching in the areas of students' engagement, instructional strategies, and classroom


An accurate analytical model is presented for circular CMUT arrays operating in immersion. Our model emphasises the fluid loading and its effects on circular CMUTs performance when operated as an element of large array. The model can accurately predict the series and parallel resonance frequencies as well as the bandwidth of a CMUT array in immersion. CMUT acoustical impedance, in its exact closed form, augments the conventional CMUT equivalent circuit. CMUT material density is replaced with a frequency dependent equivalent density that accounts for the distributed fluid loading. Data fitting against an FEM model is used to determine the equivalent density dimensional dependence. A correction is also suggested for the equivalent circuit transformer ratio. Test cases are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed model as well as its speed as compared to its FEM counterpart.


A prototype simulation is being developed under contract to the Royal Aerospace Establishment (RAE), Farnborough, England, to assist in the discrimination of artificial space objects/debris. The methodology undertaken has been to link Object Oriented programming, intelligent knowledge based system (IKBS) techniques and advanced computer technology with numeric analysis to provide a graphical, symbolic simulation. The objective is to provide an additional layer of understanding on top of conventional classification methods. Use is being made of object and rule based knowledge representation, multiple reasoning, truth maintenance and uncertainty. Software tools being used include Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE) and SymTactics for knowledge representation. Hooks are being developed within the SymTactics framework to incorporate mathematical models describing orbital motion and fragmentation. Penetration and structural analysis can also be incorporated. SymTactics is an Object Oriented discrete event simulation tool built as a domain specific extension to the KEE environment. The tool provides facilities for building, debugging and monitoring dynamic (military) simulations.


Objective To explore the clinicopathological features,immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of nodular fasciitis.Methods The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features in 9 cases of nodular fasciitis were analyzed retrospectively and related literature was reviewed. Results Among the 9 patients studied,6 were male and 3 were female. The range of age is from 25 to 72 years old,and the median age is 38 years old. The tumors grow fast and the diameters are 1 ~ 2 cm. 8 of them originated from arms and legs and1 from the trunk. Histologically,the spindle tumor cells shows a whorled growth pattern and active mitosis. Gaps and follicles appear among tumor cells,new capillaries and exosmotic erythrocyte in stroma which is dropsical and mucous. Immunophenotype is in tumor cells Vimentin( +) 、Actin( +) 、Desmin(-) 、S- 100(-). Conclusion Nodular fasciitis is a rare benign proliferative lesion,which may be easily misdiagnosed as malignant tumor. The clinical characteristic,histological features should be combined with differential diagnosis in order to make a correct diagnosis.


The authors recently had the opportunity to evaluate the performance of a small commercial MT system – Globalink Translation System (GTS) – which runs on PC-type machines. A review which we published in the popular UK small systems journal Personal Computer World (1) was very much directed towards the needs of potential users. The present paper is intended as a rather fuller account of some of the difficulties encountered in trying to construct an appropriate evaluation method within a realistic time-scale. The moral of the paper is plain enough: evaluating an MT system from a userperspective is a much trickier business than most Computational Linguists might suppose.


The highly insulating antiferromagnetic phase of the magnetic- organic conductor lambda-(BETS)2FeCl4 has been probed by resonant mm wave methods vs. magnetic field, temperature, and frequency. Our results show evidence for magnetic sub-phases within the temperature-field phase diagram as previously predicted by Brossard et al. [Eur. Phys. J. B 1, 439(1998)].


In this paper, we present a new family of three-point Newton type iterative methods for solving nonlinear equations. The order of convergence of the new family without memory is eight requiring the evaluations of three functions and one first-order derivative in per full iteration. Numerical examples are demonstrated to confirm theoretical results. Introduction Solving nonlinear equations is one of the most important problems in scientific computation. Since 1960's, many iterative methods have been proposed for solving nonlinear equations, see [1-5] and the references therein. Specifically, Wang and Zhang in [1] developed the following iterative method 2 1 ( ) , ( ) ( ) ( ) (1 2 ), 2 ( ) ( ) n n n n n n n n n n n n f x y x f x f x f y x y s s f x f x λ τ λ +  = −  ′ +    = − + + ′  +  (1) where , R λ τ ∈ and ( ) / ( ). n n n s f y f x = This paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, based on Wu's method, we derive a new family of Newton type iterative methods without memory for solving nonlinear equations. We prove that the order of convergence of the new methods without memory is eight requiring the evaluations of three functions and one first-order derivative in per full iteration. Numerical examples are given in Section 4 to confirm theoretical results. The New Methods without Memory Now, we consider the following iteration scheme


The frequency range of the millimeter wave is from 30 up to 300 GHz. Millimeter waves have been extensively studied for many applications including high resolution radars, communications, materials processing, plasma heating, high energy particle accelerators and power transmission [ 1]. In the previous work, we proposed a vacuum electronic device based on field emission mechanism for the generation of Ka-band millimeter waves [ 2]. A preliminary design has been carried out. The most interesting characteristic is that millimeter waves can be generated continuously via the dc input voltage without any external magnetic field from this distinctive structure as shown in Fig. 1. With the MEMS technology, this special electromagnetic structure can be fabricated easily. These important results motivate us to further study more physical characteristics, such as the spectral purity, the phase and frequency controllability, and the stability of tuning. Controlling the phase and frequency in oscillators by means of locking has known for decades [ 3]. The idea is that this approach may be also applied to our device. The injection-locked operation has been investigated by 2D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) particle-in-cell (PIC) code, MAGIC (developed by ATK Mission Research, VA, US). An applied voltage Vin=Vdc+Vinj*sin(2πft) shown in Figure 1 contains the dc voltage Vdc and the injection-locked signal Vinj. For the free oscillating operation, Vin=Vdc=16.75 kV and Vinj=0. For the cases of injection locking, we increase the power of the injection signal by increasing the voltage Vinj up to 500 V with various locking frequency from 34.62 GHz to 35.04 GHz. Figure 2 and Fig. 3 show the preliminary results of the successfully locked case and failing to lock case compared with the free oscillating operation, respectively. The preliminary simulation results show that the band width of the injection-locked millimeter wave oscillator is consistent with the prediction of the Adler's equation [ 3]. In summary, we propose an injection-locked millimeter wave oscillator based on field-emission cathodes and demonstrate the well phase/frequency controllability. The simulation results are consistent with the prediction of Adler's equation. The preliminary results show that our design of the injection-locked oscillator seems to promise useful and compact millimeter wave sources. Detail analysis and more simulation results will be presented and discussed. This work was partially supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, R. O. C. under Grant No. NSC 95-2112-M-030-002 and the National Center for High-performance Computing, Taiwan, R. O. C. which provides the MAGIC code and the computing resources.


A hardware root of trust (RoT) is the foundation on which all secure operations of a circuit depend, including those related to DFT. Despite many countermeasures aimed at facing potential threats such as untrusted users accessing a test interface, IC vendors raise several concerns regarding the complexity of such solutions, both in terms of area overhead and the impact on the design flow. These concerns have motivated this work presenting a simple, yet effective, comprehensive and non-intrusive lightweight hardware root of trust to counteract scan-related security threats. It builds on and easily integrates with a Streaming Scan Network (SSN) technology and takes advantage of its inherent data scrambling and packetized test data distribution.


At present, many of the merging units and intelligent terminals used in smart substations that in operation in China are defective and unqualified products, bringing security hidden troubles to power grid. So It is urgently needed to replace them with qualified equipments which through professional testing. Nowadays, power users are demanding higher and higher reliability of power supply, so it is quite necessary to carry out retrofitting under the minimum outage mode, 500kV substation in particular, the retrofitting by large area outage is nearly impossible. Regarding this, the article combines the retrofitting situation of merging unit and intelligent terminal in 500kV smart substation, and studies the safe and feasible minimum blackout mode and the security risk under this mode, meanwhile, puts forward the principles and schemes of implementing security measures for these security risks.


With the application of video-assisted thoracoscopy in thoracic sympathectomy,video-assisted thoracoscopic thoracic sympathectomy has become the preferred way of thoracic sympathetic surgery.The history of sympathectomy surgery,indications and complications were reviewed.


The article describes the original methodology of investigation of tribological parameters of contact of loaded bodies with raceways, distribution of load between rolling elements in rolling bearings. The results of the research of contact stresses and longevity of bearings with the fittings restored by polymeric nanocomposite are given.


Objective To investigate and promote the stopping bleeding technique of servicemen.Method To made cross-sectional survey and intervention on 2200 officers and soldiers.Results Before intervention study,their knowledge and skill are limited.All their scores are significantly promoted after intervention(P0.01).Conclusions It was important for officers and soldiers to promote the knowledge and skill of stopping bleeding in the hi-tech local war.


Present work was carried out using an electric dryer AFOS, speed of air of 1 m/s and temperature of 45°C. During drying process was controls the lost weight In the time for each one of the products. Results indicated that the time of drying for obtained humidity smaller to 10% In the dehydrated products were it depends of the matter in question: dam (10 hours and 18%), sardine (10 hours and 24%) queen conch (16 hours and 20%) and rays (16 hours and 30%). Evaluation of proximal composition of dry products indicates a high content protein (> 66%). All products evaluated presented good appearance, flavour slight to fish or mollusc and a firm texture that determined a good sensorial acceptance of these products. The re-hydrate demonstrated that biggest absorption of water in products dry occurred in first hour, when the humidity increased from 10% to 50%, later absorption speed decrease, resulting the content humidity last four hours around 56%. The material of studied contain (polyethylene of low density) was not appropriate for this product type, given their high permeability to water.


Leadership is always being an area to probe since ages. Leadership perspectives are found different continuously not only with ages but also with different category and type of organizations, leaderships has been a study with humungous dynamism. The way environment and organizations are changing, the challenges of leadership have also changed and new perspectives have taken place in industry related to leadership concept. This study is focused on understanding the influence through emotional-intelligence on leadership effectiveness in today's time. The paper helps in understanding the role of emotional intelligence on leadership effectiveness. The study is conducted in service organization of Pune and Mumbai. Only banks, education, retail and IT service leaders are considered for collection of data. The data is analysed by using correlation and regression analysis. The study found that emotional intelligence is highly correlated with leadership effectiveness and it is essential for any organization of service sector to have leaders with emotional intelligenece for effective performance of organization.


Objective: To identify any association between the response priority code generated during calls to the ambulance communication centre and patient reports of pain severity. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patient care records was undertaken for all patients transported by paramedics over a 7-day period. The primary research interest was the association between the response code allocated at the time of telephone triage and the initial pain severity score recorded using a numeric rating scale (NRS). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyse the association between the response priority variable and explanatory variables. Results: There were 1246 cases in which both an initial pain score using the NRS and a response code were recorded. Of these cases, 716/1246 (57.5%) were associated with a code 1 ("time-critical") response. After adjusting for gender, age, cause of pain and duration of pain, a multivariate logistic regression analysis found no significant change in the odds of a patient in pain receiving a time-critical response compared with patients who had no pain, regardless of their initial pain score (NRS 1–3, odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.8; NRS 4–7, OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.8; NRS 8–10, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.4). Conclusion: The severity of pain experienced by the patient appeared to have no influence on the priority (urgency) of the dispatch response. Triage systems used to prioritise ambulance calls and decide the urgency of response or type of referral options should consider pain severity to facilitate timely and humane care.


Gas sensing technology has been among the topical research work for quite some time. This paper showcases the research done on the detection mechanism of leakage of domestic cooking gas at ambient conditions. Micro-electro mechanical systems-based interdigital sensors were fabricated on oxidized single-crystal silicon surfaces by the maskless photolithography technique. The electrochemical impedance analysis of these sensors was done to detect liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with and without coated particles of tin oxide (SnO2) in form of a thin layer. A thin film of SnO2 was spin-coated on the sensing surface of the interdigital sensor to induce selectivity to LPG that consists of a 60/40 mixture of propane and butane, respectively. This paper reports a novel strategy for gas detection under ambient temperature and humidity conditions. The response time of the coated sensor was encouraging and own a promising potential to the development of a complete efficient gas sensing system.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the characteristics of structure II krypton hydrate are studied by molecular dynamics simulation under isobaric-isothermal (NPT) ensemble condition. The dissociation process of the hydrate is simulated and the effect of krypton (Kr) and various types of hydrocarbon guest molecules (HGMs) on the stability of the hydrate structure is investigated during the simulation time of 1 ns. The studied HGMs are propane, isobutane, neopentane, cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane and cyclopentene. The structural change of the Kr-hydrate is analyzed with the radial distribution function, mean square displacement and diffusion coefficient. As temperature increases, the obtained results indicate a gradual increase in the Kr-hydrate cell size, which leads to distortion of the hydrate lattice and escaping of the encapsulated Kr molecules from the hydrate structure to form small bubbles of Kr aggregated in the aqueous solution.


The cyclic-high temperature oxidation behavior of Fe-20Cr-4Al (748ppmS: A), Fe-20Cr-4Al (702ppmS, 30ppmY: B), Fe-20Cr-4Al (645ppmS, 30ppmY: C), Fe-20Cr-4Al (382ppmS, 40ppmY: D) and Fe-20-Cr-4Al (73ppmS, 1700ppmY: E) alloys was studied in oxygen at 1673K during 5 cycles by mass change measurements, macro-morphology of oxidized surface of the alloys, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Mass changes of all the alloys increased with increasing number of cycles. The alloy E showed marked resistance for the cyclic-high temperature oxidation.


We demonstrate CISpaces.org, a tool to support situational understanding in intelligence analysis that complements but not replaces human expertise, for the first time applied to a judicial context. The system combines argumentation based reasoning and natural language generation to support the creation of analysis and summary reports, and to record the process of forming hypotheses from relationships among information.


THE METHOD OF SELECTION OF SAMPLING DENSITY WITH REFERENCE TO GEOSTATISTIC VARIABILITY MODEL (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ZN-PB ORES)

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ABSTRACTTwo hundred and thirteen individuals were typed using PAGIF and starch with no discrepancy between the results obtained with the two techniques. Discrepancies were observed however in typing some nineteen postmortem PGM-1 samples.The artificial production of a 2+1+ from a 1+ was obtained after the incubation of postmortem blood with lactic acid. This transition could not be reproduced with blood from a living person or with postmortem blood without added lactic acid and could not be detected using starch gel electrophoresis.


Abstract Rationale: De Winter et al first described a new ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)-equivalent pattern associated with acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Studies show that this pattern has a positive predictive value of 95.2% to 100%. However, some cases of non-STEMI, caused by acute right coronary artery or LAD diagonal branch occlusion, have been reported, which exhibit electrocardiogram (ECG) changes similar to the de Winter pattern. Few cases of de Winter ECG pattern caused by left circumflex artery (LCX) stenosis have been reported. Patient concerns: A 57-year-old man was admitted to the emergency department 12 hours after suffering from oppressive chest pain and diaphoresis. The patient had a history of diabetes and smoking. An initial ECG showed atrial fibrillation, upsloping ST-segment depression at the J point, followed by peaked, positive T waves in leads V2 to V6 and slight ST-segment elevation in lead aVR, with poor R-wave progression. Coronary angiography showed tubular stenosis (up to 95%) of the proximal portion of the LCX. Diagnosis: LCX stenosis led to a diagnosis of non-STEMI. Interventions: Left coronary artery stenosis was successfully treated with angioplasty and insertion of a drug-eluting stent. Outcomes: The patient's chest pain resolved completely after stent implantation. No myocardial infarction occurred during the 6-month follow-up period. Lessons: De Winter ECG pattern cannot be presumed to be associated with LAD stenosis and 18-lead ECG is required to support the identification of the "criminal" artery and to rule out posterior myocardial infarction.


The distribution of landslide K7—K45 section of Shizhu-Zhongxian Highway is analyzed.The distribution laws of landslide are influenced by topography,character of strata and geologic formation.So the design of highways is to avoid disease.If the highway can't avoid the disease,the designer must give suggestions for proper measures.The main causes for landslide are investigated.To change the inner factor is difficult,so proper measures are necessary.Building highways will cause disease of old landslide and produce disease of new landslide.The treatment of landslide must be considered in the construction of highways.The principle of treating the disease as early as possible and avoiding treating the disease again and again should be aclopted.


Spectral clustering is a powerful technique in data analysis that has found increasing support and application in many areas. This report is geared to give an introduction to its methods, presenting the most common algorithms, discussing advantages and disadvantages of each, rather than endorsing one of them as the best, because, arguably, there is no black-box algorithm, which performs equally well for any data. We present results from previous studies and conclude that methods based on Ncut and multiway are most promising for general application.


A levelling line along the Saharanpur‐DehraDun‐Mussoorie highway crosses the NW Outer Himalaya. The line has been surveyed over most parts of its length several times at irregular intervals since 1861. The observations show that there was coseismic uplift along the line during the great Kangra earthquake of 1905. But most benchmarks have started subsiding in the decades following the earthquake. This is seen as evidence that the upper crust along and adjoining the levelling line experiences a cyclic process of strain accumulation and release in great earthquakes.


Background After myocardial infarction (MI), elevated sympathetic activity and/or reduced parasympathetic activity are observed. As a result, these patients have a decreased heart rate variability (HRV), which has been linked to an elevated risk of adverse effects and death. Following MI, the remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) is a complex and multifactorial mechanism, with therapeutic and prognostic consequences. Medications that reduced LV improved survival and standard of living. Aim We aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous exercise remodeling training on HRV, function capacity [6-min walk test (6MWT)], and LV remodeling in patients who had experienced MI. Patients and methods One month after having MI, 40 eligible male patients aged 45–55 years old were recruited. Patients underwent a supervised intensive CR recovery program consisting of continuous aerobic exercise. Evaluation of the effect of this program was done by clinical examination, transthoracic echocardiography to calculate ejection fraction, 6MWT, and Holter ECG 24 h to measure different HRV parameters. All patients received 36 training sessions (three times/week for 12 weeks). The results of these procedures were compared before and after this program. Results According to the current results, the mean pretreatment and posttreatment 6MWT values were 208.65 ± 24.62 and 360.98 ± 109.78, respectively, with an improvement percentage of 55.79%. Irrespective of time or frequency domain, HRV parameters were markedly improved after treatment compared with pretreatment values. Ejection fraction % was significantly improved by 14.82%. Conclusion Exercise training tends to be a beneficial clinical technique for patients with MI who have an unbalanced autonomic function, which is manifested by improvement of HRV parameters. Exercise training improves blood pressure and resting heart rate. Improvement of 6MWT parameters occurred after exercise training.


This paper documents how WESKEM, LLC utilized available source term information, integrated safety management, and associated project controls to safely decommission a reaction vessel and repackage sludge containing various Resource Conservation and Recovery Act constituents and technetium-99 (Tc-99). The decommissioning activities were segmented into five separate stages, allowing the project team to control work related decisions based on their knowledge, experience, expertise, and field observations. The information and experience gained from each previous stage and rehearsals contributed to modifying subsequent entries, further emphasizing the importance of developing hold points and incorporating lessons learned. The hold points and lessons learned, such as performing detailed personal protective equipment (PPE) inspections during sizing and repackaging operations, and using foam-type piping insulation to prevent workers from cutting or puncturing their PPE on sharp edge s or small shards generated during sizing operations, minimized direct contact with the Tc-99. To prevent the spread of contamination, the decommissioning activities were performed inside a containment enclosure connected to negative air machines. After performing over 235 individual entries totaling over 285 project hours, only one first aid was recorded during this five-stage project.


The safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) is a major issue to ensure environmental protection and the sustainable development of the nuclear energy industry; it is also an equally important issue regarding nuclear safety. Deep-buried geological disposal is recognized worldwide as the safest and most feasible way to protect human beings and the environment. To satisfy the research functions, most underground research laboratories (URLs) for geological repositories are buried deeply, and their layout is quite complex. To research nonlinear deformation characteristics and failure mechanism of deep underground caverns in the process of construction, we developed an intelligent true triaxial non-uniform loading/unloading model test system. The system has the advantages of a large rated output, starting from zero pressure, cyclic loading and unloading, high loading accuracy and displacement test accuracy, and arbitrary adjustment of device size. We carried out a true three-dimensional physical model test, taking the URL for the deep-buried geological disposal of HLW in Beishan area, Gansu Province as the prototype. The nonlinear deformation characteristics and the law of displacement change of the underground laboratory caverns are reproduced. We observed the whole process, from the appearance of micro cracks to the expansion of the cracks and the collapse of the cavern group. This provides an important experimental basis for optimizing the design and construction of URL for the deep-buried geological disposal of HLW. The value and slope of displacement calculated by the numerical simulation are mainly the same as the experimental results of the geological model test, which validates the accuracy and reliability of the model test system in this study.


The paper researchs the detect of contanct zone for Spiral Bevel Gear with digital image processing technology. According to sensitivity of eyes in glay-scale and tone to analysising contanct zone and processes it by glay-scale transformation and edge detection.


Summary of the Invention: solution contains g / l: sulfuric acid 45-55, 15-25 hydrochloric acid, nitric acid salt (based on MH) 6-10, propyl alcohol 0.3-1.0. Table 1.


Based on the theory of capability poverty and aiming at the actualities of farms' educational rights poverty,the article indicates the inherent mechanism of the farmers' educational rights poverty,capability poverty and the rural sustainable poverty.Combing with farmers' education experience in South Korea,this article brings forward the counter-measures of the rural sustainable poverty in order to supply experience for reference.


A key capability of morally competent robots is to reject or question potentially immoral human commands. However, robot rejections of inappropriate commands must be phrased with great care and tact. Previous research has shown that failure to calibrate the "face threat" in a robot's command rejection to the severity of the norm violation in the command can lead humans to perceive the robot as inappropriately harsh and can needlessly decrease robot likeability. However, it is well-established that gender plays a significant role in determining linguistic politeness norms and that people have a powerful natural tendency to gender robots. Yet, the effect of robotic gender presentation on these noncompliance interactions is not well understood. We present an experiment that explores the effects of robot and human gender on perceptions of robots in noncompliance interactions, and find evidence of a complicated interplay between these gendered factors. Our results suggest that (1) it may be more favorable for a male robot to reject commands than for a female robot to do so, (2) it may be more favorable to reject commands given by a male human than by a female human, and (3) that robots may be perceived more favorably when their gender matches that of human interactants and observers. ACM Reference Format: Ryan Blake Jackson, Tom Williams, and Nicole Smith. 2020. Exploring the Role of Gender in Perceptions of Robotic Noncompliance. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI '20), March 23–26, 2020, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374831


This thesis focuses on the operation and control of Large Scale Photovoltaic Power Plants (LS-PVPPs) according to grid code requirements with a special focus on the basic unit: the PV generator. The aim of this thesis is to study to what extent a PV generator can be controlled to comply with the plant operators requirements considering the capability curves under variable solar irradiance and temperature. In this sense, four challenges were identified: system integration, technical
limitations and capability curves, dynamic modelling, and control. These challenges are addressed by a comprehensive literature review, mathematical analysis, and a series of detailed simulations. A thorough literature review of the current technology and topologies used in LS-PVPPs is performed, concluding that the central topology and radial configuration are the layouts most widely used. Additionally, grid codes presented by Germany, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Romania, and China are deeply analysed. A comparison of these grid codes is developed considering: fault ride through capability, frequency and voltage stability supprt as well as active and reactive power management. In addition a broad discussion about the challenges that the LS-PVPPs have to overcome is pesented together with the compliant technology and future trend.According to this review, one of the challenges to overcome is the understanding of the PV generator's operation in LS- PVPPs. Thus, an analysis of its technical limitations and capability curves is essential in order to improve its control. In this thesis, a mathematical analysis to extract the PV generator's capability curves is developed. These curves are characterized by four main parameters: solar irradiance, ambient temperature, dc voltage and modulation index. These values are dependent on each other in order to obtain the complete curve. In the case where the dc voltage is equal to a single value, the point of operation is limited by the solar irradiance and temperature. However, when the dc voltage varies in a safe range, the PV generator can work in a wider area for the same solar irradiance and temperature. The validation of these curves is tested in steady state under variable solar irradiance, ambient temperature, dc voltage and modulation index. In addition, this thesis analyses how the dynamic response of a PV generator is affected by its capability curves under quick variations of solar irradiance and different temperature values.Taking into consideration the capability curves and the photovoltaic power plant operation's requirements, the PV generator's control of active and reactive power is addressed. In this thesis, power curtailment and the control of power reserves are addressed under variable solar irradiance and temperature. Additionally, the control of reactive power is developed by the variation of the dc voltage and the modulation index value according to the instantaneous capability curve under the specific ambient conditions. The validation of the different studies is developed in DIgSILENT Power Factory. The simulations consider the PV generator performance under variable solar conditions and different references of active and reactive power. The results showed that an adequate control of the active and the reactive power of the PV generator taking into account the capability curves could help to comply with the power plant operator's requirements.