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Vail Resorts claims teen's negligence caused avalanche death
BROOMFIELD, Colorado – Vail Resorts claims a teenager's own negligence caused his avalanche death on the front of Vail Mountain.Taft Conlin was 13 when an avalanche on Prima Cornice killed him last January. Conlin's parents sued the ski company, claiming their son died because the company's negligence created an "avalanche trap" that killed him.The ski company filed its answer Monday afternoon in Broomfield County District Court, claiming Conlin caused his own death."Taft Conlin was negligent and such negligence was either the sole, or a contributing cause," Vail Resorts said in its response.In their response, the ski company claimed there is an Upper Prima Cornice trail, and a Lower Prima Cornice Trail, and that Taft climbed from one to the other before the avalanche killed him.Vail's trail map makes no such distinction, said Jim Heckbert, an attorney with Burg Simpson, who is representing Taft's parents, Dr. Louise Ingalls and Dr. Stephen Conlin.Vail's line in the snow?On Jan. 22, 2012, around 1 p.m., Conlin was on telemark skis when he and five young skiers entered the lower Prima Cornice area through an open gate looking for fresh snow, according to a Colorado Avalanche Information Center report.A rope blocked the gate at the top of the Prima Cornice run.Several others had skied onto Prima Cornice that Sunday, after one of last winter's rare storms dropped new snow, the report said."It looked like an interstate highway going up that trail that day," Heckbert saidThree of those skiers sidestepped about 120 feet up the hill and to the south, the CAIC report said.Those three were caught in a 300-foot wide avalanche that slid 400 feet down the slope. Two dug themselves out and quickly skied to the bottom of Northwoods Express for help. The avalanche carried Conlin through a spruce forest until he came to rest against a tree, upside down.Eagle County Coroner Kara Bettis said Conlin was killed by blunt force trauma – blows to his chest. He did not suffocate, she said.Vail Resorts has insisted the run was closed, but has not said where the skiers crossed from the open area to the closed area."They seem to be asserting that there's an unwritten rule against climbing," Heckbert said. "I'm sure that in Vail's 50 years, there have been many, many other instances of people climbing. In fact, the ski mountain is on the people's land. Anyone can skin up or snowshoe up."What's nextThe ski company has 35 days to turn over all the documents and information related to Conlin's death.Depositions will follow from Vail Resorts' ski patrollers, the company's management and others associated with the incident. Taft's parents and the friends he was skiing with can expect to be required to tell their stories, Heckbert said.No trial date has been set. If the case does go to trial, a jury will hear it. There has been no talk of a settlement, Heckbert said.Conlin's parents are both local veterinarians and the lawsuit is not about money, Heckbert said. Colorado law caps wrongful death awards at $250,000 for children, Heckbert said.Broomfield District Court Judge Patrick Murphy ruled last month that Conlin's parents can sue Vail Resorts. Murphy said that an inbounds avalanche like the one that killed Taft is not one of skiing's "inherent risks" listed in the Colorado Skier Safety Act.
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subset: commoncrawl


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LAKEWOOD — In basements, bedrooms and home offices, in cluttered drawers and neat display cases, the things we collect are all around us.
Whether it's vintage postcards, baseball caps or vinyl records, antique flutes, model trains or video-game memorabilia, each has a story to tell.
The Lakewood Heritage Center, a collector of 20th-century artifacts, itself, is celebrating the stories of local collectors and the things they treasure in a free exhibit through Aug. 30. Here's a look at three of them.
Watch: Video of Brett Martin showing off his video-game memorabilia collection.
Power up
Brett Martin first played Super Mario Brothers on his neighbor's Nintendo when he was 6 or 7.
The mountain of video-game memorabilia — a behemoth in a basement room of his Littleton home — came later, a labor of love over the past 15 years.
"I've always been a collector. Pretty much everything I've been interested in, I've collected," said Martin, 33. "It runs in my family — but nothing like this."
Even he didn't foresee how big his collection, dubbed the Video Game Memorabilia Museum, would get. When the folks from Guinness World Records came to call, they counted 8,030 items.
Guinness dubbed it the Largest Collection of Video Game Memorabilia in its "2013 Gamer's Edition" book.
Lining the walls and climbing onto the ceiling are Mario, Luigi, Yoshi, Bowser, Kirby, Mega Man, Link and Donkey Kong in nearly every form imaginable — action figures, plushes, posters, keychains, piggy banks, electronic toothbrushes. Only a small path remains uncovered.
Among Martin's most prized possessions are two "Mario Oscars, " bronze Mario statues that were forged by the same company that makes the Academy Awards. The figurines were given to Nintendo employees.
He also holds claim to a protoype action figure of Fox McCloud, the hero of the Star Fox games, which was never mass produced.
His first piece was a figurine of Mario holding a mushroom, a gift from his parents when he was 8.
Discovering eBay in the late 1990s was what really got his collection going, he said. Now, he buys from Internet auctions in Japan.
His two sons, 5 and 4, have inherited his love of Nintendo games, he said, even if they don't understand the concept of "collector's item" yet (they aren't allowed in his Nintendo room). His wife, he said, "tolerates it."
Overall, his collection is valued at more than $100,000— but he said he hasn't spent nearly that much.
"I just love the game play. The worlds are very interesting," Martin said. "I used to draw and doodle the characters all the time.
"I fell in love with that world," he said with a laugh, "and I never left."
Noted collection
Liane Rockley's collection of antique and ethnic flutes began with a gift.
And then another gift. And another.
"All of a sudden, you have three or four or five," said Rockley, a classically trained flutist and member of the family that owns Rockley Music Center in Lakewood.
Today, her ensemble numbers some one dozen — bamboo flutes, Native American flutes, ceramic ocarinas, a Japanese shakuhachi and antiques that date back to the 1800s. One, a white, ring-shaped instrument, was dreamed up by a man in England.
"A lot of these, I happened upon over the years," Rockley said. "I didn't purposely look for them. I just fell into them."
Rockley has been playing flute since she was 9 and studied flute performance in college. These days, she plays piccolo for the Lakewood Symphony.
Rockley said when she was 9, she picked up the wind instrument for rather pragmatic reasons.
From a young age, Rockley has had almost total hearing loss in her left ear. The flute is held to the right, near her better ear. She would have held her second choice, the cello, to her left ear.
She got into the music business after taking a part-time job in the band department at Rockley Music Center. At the time, she was also teaching private flute lessons through the store.
There, she met her future husband, Tobin Rockley, grandson of the founder of the West Colfax mainstay.
Her flute collection holds court in her home office. Her favorite is a rosewood transverse flute, the predecessor to the modern flute. The instrument can't be played anymore, but when someone brought it to the store to sell, Rockley snapped it up.
"I had never seen anything like it, except in pictures. To be able to hold it in your hands was a cool thing," she said.
"Mozart's music, Beethoven's music, would have been played on an instrument like this."
All aboard
John Manion's world is full of trains. So are the bookshelves of his living room.
A longtime volunteer at the Colorado Railroad Museum, Manion's passion is model trains, particularly pint-size versions of the locomotives of a local historic railroad company.
His goal is to build an accurate model of every type of diesel locomotive owned by the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad from 1941 to 1990 — including each paint scheme and major rebuild. That will be 96 engines, including a few he will have to fabricate himself.
"I have been called a rivet-counter," Manion said, "but I have tried to make each model as accurate as possible."
"I'm a history buff," he added. "I just enjoy railroads so much."
Chances are, if you have a question about the Denver and Rio Grande, Manion can answer it. Over the years, he has developed nearly encyclopedic knowledge of this specific railroad, the routes it ran and the engines it deployed. It became part of Union Pacific in 1996.
Manion coordinates exhibits for the Rio Grande Modeling & Historical Society and presents at trade shows. It's a connection rooted in personal history.
As a teenager growing up in Denver in the 1960s, Manion would cross the train tracks by the old Gates rubber factory every day on his walk home from South High School.
"If the train was on time, and it usually was, I would see the Colorado Eagle go past as I walked by," Manion said.
Around the same time, he took his first ride on the narrow-gauge rail line that connects Durango and Silverton, which was built by the Denver and Rio Grand Western in the early 1880s. He was captivated by the steam locomotives that still run today.
Of his models, his favorite is the Kraus-Maffei, he said, an unusual, slow-to-reverse German diesel-hydraulic locomotive put into service for a short time by Rio Grande in the 1960s.
The story goes, Manion said, that when the train came to a halt, the crew could "smoke a cigarette, drink a cup of coffee and use the bathroom before it would move again. … This was something that Rio Grande train crews weren't too fond of."
And that makes him even fonder.
"I have nine models of it," he said. "Rio Grande only ever had three."
Emilie Rusch: 303-954-2457, email@example.com or twitter.com/emilierusch
Collectors Then & Now
When: 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Tuesday-Saturday, through Aug. 30
Where: Lakewood Heritage Center, 801 S. Yarrow St.
Cost: Free


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The latest in a series of occasional posts on the winners of or finalists for major literary prizes
Olive Kitteridge. By Elizabeth Strout. Random House, 304 pp., $14, paperback.
By Janice Harayda
It tells you something about Olive Kitteridge that two of its 13 short stories were published in Seventeen and O, The Oprah Magazine: This is one of the lighter-weight winners of the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. It tells you more that two other stories appeared in The New Yorker and South Carolina Review: These tales, if often moving, have the disjointed quality of scenes from different dreams.
The linchpin of the collection is Olive Kitteridge, a retired junior-high math teacher in the coastal town of Crosby, Maine, who appears at least briefly in every story. At first, the pace of the book is somnolent and the title character so nasty she verges on caricature. But the collection picks up steam – and Olive, some humanity – after 30 or so pages.
In the fourth story, "A Little Burst," comes the great scene in the book. At her middle-aged son's wedding reception, Olive slips into the just-married couple's bedroom and flinches when, through an open window, she hears her new daughter-in-law mocking her mother-of-the-bride dress. It is a dress she loves and has made from a green fabric imprinted with big reddish-pink geraniums: "Her heart really opened when she came across the gauzy muslin in So-Fro's; sunlight let into the anxious gloom of the upcoming wedding; those flowers skimming over the table in her sewing room." Wounded and uncomprehending, Olive steals two of her daughter-in-law's possessions from the couple's bedroom – a loafer and "a shiny pale blue bra, small-cupped and delicate." She also defaces a sweater with a black Magic Marker, then neatly folds it and puts back on its closet shelf. Olive finds that her vandalism does not help much, but "it does help some," to know that Sue will go through her belongings and think: "I must be losing my mind, I can't keep track of anything…. And, my God, what happened to my sweater?" This tale offers not just a finely wrought portrait of a frightened woman's projection of her own anxieties about her only child's belated wedding — it is Olive herself who may be losing her mind — but can be read as a chilling tale of a mother's symbolic, if unconscious, rape of her son.
As a self-contained story, "A Little Burst" works beautifully. This is a tale of a nervous breakdown that may betoken a mental illness such as psychosis. The problem comes when you read the story against others that leave a contradictory impression: Olive is not mentally ill but starved for love in her marriage to a kind but insufficient pharmacist (or, as an atheist, has a spiritual hunger she can't admit). In some tales, Olive plays such an inconsequential role that you wonder if Elizabeth Strout shoehorned them into the book by altering the stories after publication. This is especially true of "Ship in a Bottle," which appeared in Seventeen 1992 and has clearly since been revised to include a veiled reference to torture at Abu Ghraib prison, which didn't become known until 2004.
Olive Kitteridge ends, as good novels typically do, with a redemption of sorts. But because the book isn't a novel, it hasn't built toward that transformation as novels do. Its ending has less force, diluted by digressions into lives of characters who relate to it obliquely if at all. When Olive finally chooses to accept love, in however imperfect a form, you wonder if such a decision would be possible for someone who for so long has hated so much about the world.
Best line: From "A Little Burst": "Olive's private view is that life depends on what she thinks of as 'big bursts' and 'little bursts.' Big bursts are things like marriage or children, intimacies that keep you afloat, but these big bursts hold dangerous, unseen currents. Which is why you need the little bursts as well: a friendly clerk at Bradlee's, let's say, or the waitress at Dunkin' Donuts who knows how you like your coffee. Tricky business, really."
Worst line: No. 1: "He's a spoiled brat to the manor born." Another misquotation of Shakespeare's "to the manner born." No. 2: " … he'd eat a sandwich that had spilling from it mayonnaisey clumps of egg salad or tuna fish, landing on his shirt." Pray that "mayonnaisey" isn't the next "garlicky." No. 3: "The Scottish were scrappy and tough …" The people of Scotland and their descendants almost always call themselves the Scots, not the "Scottish," a word used mainly as an adjective. As an alternate term for the Scots, "the Scottish" is correct but stilted. No. 4: The multiple uses of "Ay-yuh," northern New England slang for "Yes" or "Yup." Strout grew up in Maine and must have heard the expression as "ay-yuh." But the phrase is usually rendered "ay-yup," as a Voice of America report notes, and it sounded like "ay-yup" when I lived in New Hampshire.
Read an excerpt from Olive Kitteridge.
Published: March 2008 (hardcover), September 2008 (paperback). Olive Kitteredge was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award for fiction.
Furthermore: The marketing campaign for Olive Kitteridge misrepresents the book as "a novel in stories" when it is a short story cycle. For more on this issue, see yesterday's post.
About the author: Strout also wrote Amy and Isabelle and Abide With Me. She lives in New York City.
Janice Harayda is an award-winning critic who has been the book editor of the Plain Dealer in Cleveland, the book columnist for Glamour and vice-president for awards of the National Book Critics Circle.
© 2009 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.
www.janiceharayda.com and www.twitter.com/janiceharayda


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188 days till my birthday
This user is over 18.
"Joeltron dot com "
- iam: jOELTRON
- iam: taken
- iam: A professional body piercer
- iam: A professional body modification artist
- iam: A tattoo and piercing studio owner
- iam: A touch crazy
- iam: 189cm tall (6.2ft, 1889760 micrometers)
- E-Mail: [email protected]
- Facebook: http://facebook.joeltron.com
- Gooogle+: http://plus.joeltron.com
- Studio First Blood - 77 William Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- Modcode: MASC*$ pSFBXG3T$ tNCL EICB$ a-- D--- d- b : P T s S \n I e $ c--: R r $ y o
6/18/2005 | 0 comments
Greetings. "tis ~4:30am here now, I"m up and showored and getting ready to head out! w007! 'Tis Winter Magic today kiddies. so come fight the negative degree temperatures in the mountains and come visit me! I'll be the freaky lookin guy shivering his piercings out, but loving every second of it. ^_^.
Been in talks with Wicked Ink, my local shop, lately. Not only are they down for a very sexy site (will post screenies, etc soon as I am particularly happy with the design), but this coming Thursday I will be going in there to help reorganise them in the jewellery selling market! Right now, they have a pretty damn cool set-up in regards to tattooing and piercing but never really sell any after-modding jewellery. My mission, if I choose to accept it, is to turn that around and set up a studio to compete with all the local (dodgey) mall-stands and such. I enjoy a challenge!
On heavier news, I have been really really bumbed out lately... it's actually been really hard to concentrate on work and life. Friendship politics are just lovely, aren't they? It's really one of those damned if you do, damned if you don't (plays Simpsons mp3).
Well, I really must be getting out of this towel and into some clothes! (yes, its butt-freezing cold). Please, if you either live in the mountains, are visiting or just wanna hang out - come visit us! It's on the main strip of Kattoomba, and guaranteed money back if you dont enjoy your self! (btw.... its free.... ^_^).
Wow.. I just realised, I've been standing infront of my streaming web-cam for the past hour, totally NAKEEEEEEEYYYYYYYY..... luckely, nobody loves me and my web logs are clean. (and no, the images are no cached.... smart ass).
TTFN, and thanks to all of my friends who have my back in both times of need, and times of joy. True friends really form then, while those who hesitate or plot can choke on a fucking dick. *cough*. But seriously, I really appreciate more than I can express.
Oh, btw... check back soon for pics of my stall!!! YAH!
6/15/2005 | 0 comments
Ok... It's 9:30, I went to sleep @ 7:30 after spending all night/morning trying 2 fix up a couple fucked notebooks for a friend.... they are fucking CRAZY!!!! I actually just kinda flopped dead on the floor for about 1/2 hour whilst putting a motherboard back in. I'm sure it was fucking funny to everyone else, except my face and the rough carpet/pile of screws and their still visible indentations.
Happy to announce that the pics of my tongue web cutting are up and online! w007! I only submitted them late last night, so it's going down as the quickest image submission every. Now that the imgs are up, I can finish up the experience with embedded images (th ev. labret one is nearly done too! yah!)
I'm actually really looking forward to Winter Magic, remember 3 days to go! :O Please, every and anyone come say hello and help me pay off my huge credit card debt! ^_^ In the immortal words of Gir "COME BACK!!!! I NEED STUFFFFS!".
Can't wait to take some cool shots of my new shortened v. labret posts, fingers crossed Jon will be in the mood (lol) tonight.
TTFN, and check out the filling on one of my web-cutting photos! Chewing on alfoil is sexy!
6/11/2005 | 0 comments
Greetings! It is now 5:22 am, and I'm not all that long up... but I have a nice warm (and strong) cup o' joe in my hand that I'm lovingly sipping down.
Last week or so has been pretty fucking trippy, I've been hanging out with my new (and old) friends @ my local studio (Wicked Ink - High street penrith, btw) hammering out ideas for a website and just general crapola. I'm having a ball with them, they are all such awesome people.
Looking forward to the sexpo coming up mad soon, I'm hoping to be there and hope to see you all there too! Wicked Ink have a mini-studio set up doing lots of cool shit, lotsa tattooing and piercing and they have some wicked jewellery too.
Speaking of jewellery, next weekend is Winter Magic! w007 w007! And your's truly, along with beloved 'Elysium Body Jewellery' shall be attending! Please come along, check out our stall, stay for a chat or whatever - if you see something you like, support the events and stalls there and spend some of that hard earned cash (I know I will be.. lol)!
Well, that is all for now... I must be getting on a train soon! Glebe Markets awaits me and my sexy ass. Take care, and anyone reading this today (saturday in aussie town) and you live local - COME FUCKING SEE ME! I get oh so very lonely... :'(. lol
Much love and I promise i'll post more often.... :)
If you haven't all ready seen, check out the vert. labret pics - they are pretty cool, I look like a fucking dick head tho... but the piercings are lovely. :)
Oh yeah, I did up some tattoo sheets for WInk this week, here is one of them for my favorite band ICP. I always told my self I would make one of these up but never got around to it... but they are all done nice high rez (vector imgs exported to a 300dpi A3 image). If anyone wants a high rez png/psd just lemme know. :) MCL.
6/8/2005 | 0 comments
A lot of ppl have been on my back about getting up some photos of my labrets, welllllllllllll - here they are! YAH!
I'm too damn tired to type much tonight, so just check out the shots (inc the very last one, its cool). Enjoy!
5/25/2005 | 0 comments
As of literally 5 minutes ago, I just finished my dual vertical labret project.... well.. I guess it's more of a dual vertical LIP set, but oh well.
I have been contemplating doing this for quite a number of years, however I always really like to think heavily about my pierings before I go ahead with them. The past over a week, I have been pretty low in the dumps. I was upset because I previously attempted to do them and wasn't happy withe the placement so I bailed. I left them sufficient time to heal, (Btw: lips heal QUICK - no bruising/discomfort after about 5 days). So I waited a fair bit over a week, and then dotted them up. I took a LOT of care (as anyone watching me has noticed... painfully) dotting and preparation (will post more about this in my latest experience deelie) and took a new approach to mirror-piercing, which is always a bitch to get lined up correctly.
Anyhow, I have a very busy night tonight... I need to now sort through all the pictures to choose decent ones, write up an experience (with photos), and then crop/color correct lotsa' photos to upload too. lol.
Just wanna say thnx 2 jez *hugs*, your a great guy and an awesome camera cam (even if you decide to talk about the taste of menstrual blood whilst I'm piercing), and Juzzie for always supporting me no matter how loopy my ass may be. :)
Added a teaser photo too.. ;) you can't really see it that clearly, due to blood. But i hope you get the idea. ^_^
Whats that? Your silly and dont have an iam account? Ohh.. your too lazy to sign in? Thats otay. HERE YOU GO!!!!
'Power Symbol' Implant
Modtrackerview all
848 headshots.
5/5/2012 @7:24 p.m.: fenko (,SI) via /iam/Joeltron/
5/5/2012 @2:03 p.m.: anderton via /iam/media/joeltron/modblog_/
5/5/2012 @3:26 a.m.: thereader via /iam/media/joeltron/torso/
5/4/2012 @1:48 p.m.: lady_bella via /iam/joeltron/
5/3/2012 @11:46 p.m.: piercer_ via /iam/media/joeltron/photo/3304716?ref_gallery=genital
5/3/2012 @6:16 p.m.: Witcher (United States) via /iam/joeltron/
5/2/2012 @11:58 p.m.: bslice dot com (NEWCASTLE) via /iam/joeltron/
4/30/2012 @5:22 p.m.: Warsaw2 (St Hilaire,FR) via /iam/media/joeltron/photo/3330179?ref_gallery=facial
4/29/2012 @10:51 p.m.: grandsham (RICHARDSON) via /iam/media/joeltron/iam_profile-1/
4/27/2012 @5:14 p.m.: gaychris (MAGDEBURG) via /iam/media/joeltron/photo/3340828?ref_gallery=torso


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(NewsUSA) – One to three adults in the United States will have hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure (HBP), in their lifetime. The condition can be a predecessor for heart disease and stroke, the leading causes of death in the United States. Ideally, adults should keep their blood pressure reading at 140 or under for the top number (systolic) and 90 for the lower number (diastolic). People who have diabetes or kidney disease should have numbers under 130/80.
"Approximately 41 percent of African American males have nearly double the incidence of HBP, compared to their Caucasian counterparts," said Anil Hingorani, MD, a vascular surgeon at Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, NY. "Black Americans are more likely to have diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking issues, and high salt and fat in their diet — all risk factors for developing HBP. In addition, they develop HBP at younger ages than other ethnic groups in the United States and are more likely to have complications associated with HBP, including stroke, kidney disease, blindness, dementia and heart disease."
Dr. Hingorani noted that Black Americans may be affected by stress due to racism, socioeconomic status, educational level, lack of access to quality care and insurance, and living in racially isolated neighborhoods, resulting in a higher incidence of HBP. "Some Black men do not like the current medical system, taking medications, or meeting regularly and talking with one health professional for consistent HBP measurement," said Dr. Hingorani, "and some don't seek out preventative care because they don't feel any symptoms. As a result, they do not control the ups and downs of their blood pressure."
All Americans can get high blood pressure. Dr. Hingorani recommends that people meet with their health professional to get regular blood pressure checkups, and if needed, take the proper medications as prescribed by their physician to lower their blood pressure.


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Q.ai is the trade name of Quantalytics Holdings, LLC. Q.ai, LLC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Quantalytics Holdings, LLC ("Quantalytics"). Quantalytics is not a registered investment adviser, brokerage firm, or investment company. Any data, information, or opinions presented by Quantalytics are for general information purposes only. Such data, information, or opinions are not an offer to sell or to buy, or a solicitation to buy or sell any securities. All investments and investment recommendations entail risks. Any forward looking estimates presented by Quantalytics may prove to be incorrect and not be realized. Any data, information, or opinions expressed in any form may change without notice. Any data, information, or opinions in Quantalytics in any form attributed to a third party represent Quantalytics' interpretation of the data, information, or opinions provided by that third party either publicly or through a subscription service, and such use and interpretation have not been reviewed by the third party. The data, information and opinions presented have been obtained or derived from sources believed by Quantalytics to be reliable. Quantalytics does not make any representations as to their accuracy or completeness. Nothing discussed or presented in Quantalytics constitutes a representation that any investment, investment strategy, or recommendation is suitable or appropriate to an investor's individual circumstances or otherwise constitutes a personal recommendation.
Data, information, or opinions contained in Quantalytics in any form give no consideration to any particular individuals' investment needs or objectives, nor do they consider any individuals' financial condition. Consequently, any such data, information, or opinions do not in any way represent a personal recommendation to any individual investor or any entities, whatever the type.


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England | Scotland | Wales | Northern Ireland | Ireland
Get the latest NHS information and advice about coronavirus (COVID-19).
Get a test to check if you have coronavirus on GOV.UK
Find out about the main symptoms of coronavirus and what to do if you or your child has them.
Testing and tracing
Get a test to check if you have coronavirus, understand your test result and find out what to do if you're contacted by NHS Test and Trace.
Self-isolation and treating symptoms
Advice for people at higher risk from coronavirus, including older people, people with health conditions and pregnant women.
People at high risk
Long-term effects (long COVID)
Find out about the long-term effects coronavirus can sometimes have and what help is available.
Social distancing and changes to everyday life
Advice about avoiding close contact with other people (social distancing), looking after your wellbeing and using the NHS and other services.
Take part in research
Find out about health research studies and how you may be able to take part.
Gov.UK: National lockdown in England
Information about restrictions and tiers in your area.
There is a new Central NHS Computer System called the Summary Care Record (SCR). It is an electronic record which contains information about the medicines you take, allergies you suffer from and any bad reactions to medicines you have had.
Storing information in one place makes it easier for healthcare staff to treat you in an emergency, or when your GP practice is closed.
This information could make a difference to how a doctor decides to care for you, for example which medicines they choose to prescribe for you.
Only healthcare staff involved in your care can see your Summary Care Record.
Over half of the population of England now have a Summary Care Record. You can find out whether Summary Care Records have come to your area by looking at our interactive map or by asking your GP
No, it is not compulsory. If you choose to opt out of the scheme, then you will need to complete a form and bring it along to the surgery. You can use the form at the foot of this page.
For further information visit the NHS Care records website
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[Warning: This review quotes lines from The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian that may offend some people. I am quoting them partly because many librarians and others expected Alexie to win one of the awards that the American Library Association handed out on Monday, and these words may help to explain why he didn't. Stop reading here to avoid the potentially offensive language.]
Alexie's first young-adult novel won a National Book Award, but a character uses a racial slur that caused some high school students to walk out when he spoke about it at an Illinois high school
The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian: A Novel. By Sherman Alexie. Illustrations by Ellen Forney. Little, Brown, 230 pp., $16.99. Ages 12 and up.
By Janice Harayda
The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian is as a subtle as an old television Western – say, the episode of Bonanza where Hoss has to explain to a fugitive from an Indian reservation why he can't live on Cartwright land. Sherman Alexie has mostly avoided criticism for this and has, on the contrary, been rewarded for it with the 2007 National Book Award for young people's literature.
It isn't hard to imagine why: Alexie tries to fight some of the stereotypes fostered by the Westerns in this story told by an intelligent and self-mocking 14-year-old boy who transfers to a good high school in town instead of sticking with the wretched educational system on his reservation. Arnold "Junior" Spirit tells us that "in the old days, Indians used to be forgiving of any kind of eccentricity." That includes homosexuality: "Gay people could do anything. They were like Swiss Army knives!" Alas, the goodwill didn't last: "Of course, ever since white people showed up and brought their Christianity and their fears of eccentricity, Indians have gradually lost all of their tolerance," although a few clung to "that old-time Indian spirit." Arnold believes his grandmother was good in part because she "had no use for all the gay bashing and homophobia in the world, especially among other Indians."
Alexie is giving you the perspective of a teenager here, not that of a historian. But it's fair to ask: Isn't he replacing one stereotype with others by saying that Indians used accept eccentricity and admire gay people but lost "all their tolerance" when white people crashed the party? Don't such passages romanticize Indians even as other parts of the book show the bleakness of life on a reservation where Arnold had attended 42 funerals by the age of 14?
Critics have praised Alexie for creating a character with a distinctive voice. But it would be more accurate to say that he describes experiences unfamiliar to many teenagers in the sort of voice that has become all too familiar through characters who range from Homer Simpson to Junie B. Jones, the in-your-face heroine of a series of early readers.
Arnold and his friends call others "dickwad," "faggot," "pussy," "retarded fag" and "major-league assholes." A character tells a gratuitous racial joke that includes the "n" word and "f" word and that caused some students to walk out of a speech that Alexie gave in at an Illinois high school. Alexie has stood by his use of the joke with a variation on the but-it-really-happened-that-way defense, although whether it "really happened" is irrelevant in fiction: what matters is whether it works in context. And the literary impact of this book is as muddled as its politics.
The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian reads less like a novel than a sitcom or screenplay called "The Rez." Alexie describes life-shattering tragedies in the same breezy tone as a date for the Winter Formal, so that the events have the same emotional weight. He leaves subplots dangling.
Many teenagers love this bestseller, anyway. Some may be responding to Ellen Forney's amusing illustrations, and others may be titillated by its sexual references, such as the 12 uses of the word "boner." At his new school Arnold befriends a boy who tells him that he should read and draw "because really good books and cartoons give you a boner." Arnold plays dumb, so Gordy goes on: "Well, I don't mean boner in the sexual sense. I don't think you should run through life with a real erect penis. But you should approach each book – you should approach life – with the real possibility that you might get a metaphorical boner at any point." Arnold doesn't ask an obvious follow-up question: What if a book pulls a boner instead of giving you one?
Best line: "If the government wants to hide somebody, there's probably no place more isolated than my reservation, which is located approximately one million miles north of Important and two billion miles west of Happy."
Worst line: The gratuitous racial and sexual joke that includes the "n" word (which appears the bottom of page 64 in the novel). Apart from that: The last line quoted in the review above. Would any 14-year-old boy say "erect penis" instead of "hard on" when talking with a male friend? Or even have to explain what a boner is?
Published: September 2007.
Reading group guide: A Totally Unauthorized Reading Group Guide to The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian was posted on One-Minute Book Reviews on Jan. 16, 2008 www.oneminutebookreviews.wordpress.com/2008/01/16/.
Links: You can hear Sherman Alexie read from The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian at www.lb-teens.com, which also has reviews of the book and a list of the honors it has received. You may also want to visit the Alexie site www.fallsapart.com.
Furthermore: The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian won the 2007 National Book Award for young people's literature www.nationalbook.org. Alexie lives in Seattle and grew up on the Spokane Indian Reservation.
Janice Harayda is an award-winning critic who has been the book columnist for Glamour, book editor of the Plain Dealer in Cleveland and vice-president for awards of the National Book Critics Circle www.bookcritics.org.
© 2008 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


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Estimated read time: 1-2 minutes
This archived news story is available only for your personal, non-commercial use. Information in the story may be outdated or superseded by additional information. Reading or replaying the story in its archived form does not constitute a republication of the story.
CONCORD, N.H. (AP) - The other jury is in: A second periodical used for everything from predicting the weather to helping people lose weight agrees that this winter's shaping up to be cold and snowy.
The Dublin, N.H.-based Old Farmer's Almanac which, at 222, is believed to be the oldest continuously published periodical in North America, is predicting that a drop in solar activity and a change in ocean patterns point to colder-than-average temperatures and higher-than-average snowfall totals.
The 2014 edition officially comes out Tuesday.
Last month, the Maine-based Farmer's Almanac, said much the same. The younger cousin has been published for a mere 197 years.
The Old Farmer's Almanac predicts a cold winter for every region but the lower Great Lakes, upper Midwest and the northern states of the Northeast.
"Sweaters and snow shovels should be unpacked early and kept close by throughout the season," said Janice Stillman, editor of the Old Farmer's Almanac.
Coming out of winter, the almanac says the country can expect warmer, drier conditions into spring and that fears of a drought will persist into summer for several areas.
There are other morsels of sage advice in the almanac. For example, if you're trying to grab or rescue a scared pet or wild animal, you're going to get bitten so try covering it with a blanket or towel.
And of course, in keeping with its origins as an aid for farmers, the almanac is packed with growing tips, advice on planting with the moon's phases and information on animal husbandry.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


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From L'Agence blazers to Attilio Giusti Leombruni wedges, Sam Edelman flats and blouses by Frank & Eileen, The Hive and The Shoe Hive bring you the latest trends and long-lasting styles in designer clothes, shoes and accessories. Our unique selection and impeccable client service sets us apart.
These twin boutiques in the historic shopping district of Old Town Alexandria are favorites of discerning women throughout the Washington area and beyond. Not in the Washington area? Get the experience of "Hive Love" by shopping online and bringing curated fashion to your own doorstep.
Specializing in clothing and shoe lines that are sophisticated and approachable like Rag & Bone, Tibi, Golden Goose, Paul Green, Lizzie Fortunato and ASHA by ADM we fill our racks and shelves with clothing and shoes you'll want to wear all the time - elevated basics that are worth the investment.
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Courteney Cox makes personal directorial debut at Tribeca
Courteney Cox's directorial debut is uniquely personal. It features a cameo from her daughter, Coco, songs by her boyfriend, Snow Patrol's Johnny McDaid, and a scene with her ex-husband, David Arquette.
The film opens with 9-year-old Coco singing a song of McDaid's. Later, she briefly appears to spray her father, Arquette, with a hose. As a proud mother, it's Cox's favorite scene.
"I couldn't have cut that out," said Cox, who acknowledges their family dynamics are unusually friendly. "If I needed four seconds, that would be the last four seconds to go."
Cox will premiere the film, "Just Before I Go," on Thursday at the Tribeca Film Festival. It's the first stab at feature-film directing for the 49-year-old TV star, who readied herself for the opportunity by directing a short, a Lifetime movie and 10 episodes of her TBS sitcom "Cougar Town."
"Just Before I Go" stars Seann William Scott as a depressive who plans to commit suicide but first returns to his hometown to get "my house in order." He visits an old crush, a school bully from his youth and others to unload his pain in a strange kind of bucket-list mission.
It may sound like a serious drama, but "Just Before I Go" (written by David Flebotte) has an offbeat humor that clashes comically with its heavy outline. Certainly, few movies have an emotional spectrum that incorporates both suicide and a "sleep masturbator" (a twist on sleep walking).
"It's hard to get those subject matters to gel and for people to feel it's OK to laugh here and it's OK to cry there," Cox said in a recent interview. "If I can laugh really hard and then cry, it's perfect for me."
"The more offensive the humor, the funnier it is to me," she added. "For whatever reason, if someone's not getting hurt, it's probably not funny to me."
Of course, Cox's comic timing has long been on display in "Friends," "Family Ties," "Dirt" (on which she met Flebotte) and "Cougar Town," which recently wrapped its fifth and possibly final season. (Its future is uncertain.)
But Cox didn't want to act in "Just Before I Go," but rather concentrated on directing - a role she says feels natural.
"I'm obsessed with design and I really feel like I suffer from acute awareness," said Cox. "I'm always so aware of my surroundings. I'm so interested in the way people live. Whenever I walk in someplace, I can almost tell you what the rooms looked like before I could tell you a person's name."
Shot in a speedy 23 days in between seasons of "Cougar Town," "Just Before I Go" was made for less than $2 million, which Cox initially financed herself. She's hoping to land distribution at Tribeca.
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One of the worst possible sequester results is a cut in federal support for childhood vaccinations
Pat Cunningham
Kent Sepkowitz NAILS IT:
Of all the sequestration pink slips about to be handed down from Washington, the one for programs to vaccinate children seems particularly shortsighted. Sure, there are several other candidates for worst idea ever, from education cuts to defense cuts. But with childhood vaccinations, we have not only the emotional tug (our darling babies!) but also financial reality: Vaccines are one of the most cost-effective preventative strategies in health care, saving billions of dollars a year.
Indeed, federal support of the vaccination of children may be the best example of well-spent federal dollars. Because any time ...


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Some notes to help you find your way around the shop...
Search Box
If you are looking for a particular type of item such as a cushion cover or a particular Namaste product code such as CO5 then use the Search Box at the top right of the screen. Alternatively, you can use a search term such as 'cushion' to find our whole range of cushions. Don't forget you can use the view by type menus at the top of the page to see the whole range of an item. When using the search, enter "cushion" rather than "cushions" for example to see more results.
Navigation Path
There is a navigation path at the top of the central section of the page that shows where you are in the shop sections. Click on any part of this path to go back to a higher level. Click on the words "Shop Home Page" to return to the top level of the shop. You can also use the browser Back button to return to previous pages.
Product Information
Product information is shown in summarised form on the sub-section pages. Click on the "Choose product details" link, the description or on the product picture to see details.
Adding to Your Basket
Simply select the required colour and size, where applicable, and click on "Add to Basket".
Viewing Your Basket
You can check what is in your basket at any time - use the Basket button at top right to see details or to change the quantities ordered.
Placing Your Order
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Payment by card is the easiest option, there are fields to fill out with your details when you get to the checkout. If you would like to pay by any other means or would prefer to give us these details over the phone, please click the "by telephone" button.


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A typical shingle-composite roof costs less, but is likely to need replacing every ten to fifteen years. On the other hand, roofing tiles made from kiln-fired clay or ceramic can last up to a century. Although quality materials such as Mediterranean roof tile in Woodlawn, TN or clay roofing tile can cost substantially more, they can easy pay for themselves in terms of durability. roof tile in Woodlawn, TN. Roof tiles are actually a more economical choice in the long run, and can serve as the crowning touch for an upscale home as well.
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If you are the owner of a custom-built luxury home, you have no doubt spent a great deal on materials. Roof tiles are therefore not the place to skimp. Clay roof tile in Woodlawn, TNs have been the choice of craftsmen for centuries; in fact, there is Mediterranean roof tile in Woodlawn, TN dating from the time of the Roman empire that are still used today, two thousand years later.
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Scene before a cafe in Smyrna - Turkey [Image 210 of 338]
Weems, Carrington
In 1908, the Rice Institute Board of Trustees sent their newly chosen President, Edgar Odell Lovett, on a world tour seeking out the best aspects of the leading colleges and universities. Dr. and Mrs. Lovett traveled in the company of their secretary, Mr. Carrington Weems, who took these photos to document their travels. They are images of places, more so than people. Dr. and Mrs. Lovett themselves are generally not featured. Each image has an image number that reflects the order in which it was taken on the trip, from number 1 (beginning in Canada and going east around the world) through number 338 (returning to the U.S. through California and ending in Texas), ranging in date from 1908-1909. The names of each image were recorded by Carrington Weems, with the only exception being a county name added in parenthesis when the place name was not present in Weems' original title.
Men are standing and sitting around the outside of a Turkish café that is located in Smyrna (which is part of the city of İzmir in Turkey). Original resource is a black and white photograph.


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Worried about the amount of screen time your game-obsessed kid is spending? I'll admit – I am.
So it was with a certain amount of self-serving relief that I came across Penelope Trunk's blog post, 'Obsessive video game playing is the most beneficial of all screen time.' An entrepreneur and homeschooler, Trunk regularly defends kids gaming. But in this post she is particularly persuasive, though stopping short of just giving kids free reign over just any gaming experience.
In a nutshell, obsessive gaming is interactive, not passive; it teaches self-control (persistence even after repeated failures) in a meaningful way; it can help your child develop expertise and mastery; and it changes the way the brain works, improving visual skills, information filtering, multi-tasking and quick decision making.
Well that all sounds great, but how do you know that's what your child is really getting out of their gaming?
Well for starters, you can join the gaming with them. It may seem self-evident to most parents, but it bears mentioning. I don't think this is an area in which kids appreciate parental meddling, but speaking from experience, they do often appreciate your interest and shared enthusiasm.
Even just observing them at play can reveal what they're really doing while gaming. I don't always fully comprehend the full scope of the games my child plays, but I understand enough to filter it through a series of questions.
What does my child do when he or she encounters failures?
Ideally, the game encourages players to keep trying. Kids can get frustrated, though. Notice how your kids respond emotionally. Do they get angry and throw things? Do they withdraw from the game for a time? Do they learn from the failures and increase the intensity of their focus? It's probably a combination. But at any rate, you can learn a lot about your child's emotional coping strategies by watching how they handle gaming failures.
Does my child engage in gaming more when he or she is emotionally troubled?
Experiencing the joy of immersing oneself into a game is one thing. But kids can also hide depression, anxiety and other problems behind their gaming. And it doesn't necessarily have to be a violent game, either. The very things that make gaming attractive and even beneficial can also enable your child to escape from a reality they find overwhelming. Notice how many hours your child spends gaming (more than 24 hours a week?), how your child behaves when you set limits around gaming, how gaming affects their sleeping patterns and the way they interact with people in real life.
What is my child not doing while he or she is gaming?
What's the opportunity cost of gaming? If you feel like your child isn't getting enough physical activity (that's 60 minutes a day, according to the CDC), is neglecting their homework or hasn't picked up a book in ages, you might want to think about setting some limits.
Finally, if you're looking for games that will give you more confidence that your child's gaming is actually productive, consider games from independent companies, which often take more imaginative risks. You probably already know about Minecraft and Portal 2. Some other interesting games I've come across recently include gorgeously gothic The Path, Zen-like Flower, the highly-original puzzle game Braid and Spin the Bottle: Bumpie's Party (no kissing required).
Beyond the perpetual push-and-pull between parents worried about screen time and kids who just want to be left alone, there is another alternative. Stop worrying and learn to love gaming! The best solution may not be to tell them to stop. It may instead be time for you to start gaming.


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[This is the first in an occasional series of brief posts on books or authors whose work I can't review at more length. The posts will be saved in the "Diary" category.]
A soggy morning in New Jersey. The chilly rain reminded me of a comment often made about the novels of Barbara Pym – they're "good books for bad days." They're good books for good days, too.
Pym (1913–1980) had suffered more than her share of rejection until, in the 1970s, the Times Literary Supplement asked well-known writers to name the most underrated writer of the 20th century. After years of neglect by the British literary establishment, Pym was the only writer nominated by two of the authors, the poet Philip Larkin and the biographer David Cecil. Their praise, especially Larkin's, sparked a revival of interest in her work that has abated slightly in the U.S. but has never disappeared.
I've read five or six of Pym's quiet novels of English life and admire their modesty, intelligence and low-keyed irony. No writer would be less likely to give a book the sort of bombastic title — Everything Is Illuminated, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, I Am America (And So Can You) — that is fashionable today. And each of her novels involves circumstances different enough to keep them from becoming repetitive despite their similarlarities of tone. Excellent Women is about a group of single women who, though young, are verging on what used to be called spinsterhood. Quartet in Autumn deals with the enmeshed lives of four friends, male and female, who are facing retirement. An Unsuitable Attachment explores the effects of a single woman's attraction to a younger man. And The Sweet Dove Died is about the losses of middle age and beyond, especially menopause (though Pym is too discreet to use the word).
Where will I start when I return to Pym en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Pym? Excellent Women is among the wittiest of her novels, so I might begin there if I needed reliable diversion on a day when the weather was hoarding its comforts – a day, in other words, like today.
© 2008 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


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*Disclaimer: These are my personal opinions and are not representative of the student body. I started in Fall 2010 as a full-time, out-of-state student. All criticism is meant to be constructive.
I go to the School of Library and Information Science at Indiana University-Indianapolis (a.k.a. IUPUI). It's a nice campus that located just west of the downtown area. Overall, I would say that my program has a very traditional approach to the LIS education. For example, we graduate with an MLS, not an MLIS. Students can either take classes online, on-campus, or long-distance, via satellite classes, although long distance learners are required to take at least one class in person. I moved here from CA because I wanted to attend a school in person, so I mostly am taking on-campus courses, which works best for me personally. I really have connected with the student body and the professors here, which has made my experience really awesome.
Concentrations and/or specializations:
There are three main tracks that people take, academic, public, and school media specialists. Additionally, there are some dual degrees and specialization certificates offered on this campus. Some that stand out in my opinion are the MLS/ Master of Science in Health Informatics and the MLS/ Master of Arts in Philanthropic Studies. These are specializations that I haven't seen offered at many other schools.
Financial aid:
SLIS Indy has several graduate assistantship positions, either in the SLIS office or at the university library. Getting a GA position means you get 6 credit hours a semester reimbursed, you work 20 hours a week, and get a bi-weekly stipend. However, you must apply by May 1 for the following fall semester to be eligible for consideration. Otherwise, financial aid can be found through FAFSA and work-study positions. I also suggest looking at professional associations to look for scholarships. The down-side to this is that the university library here cut the GA program for the next year so now students primarily work in the SLIS office.
Here at SLIS, we have 15 credit hour foundational courses that we must take. The degree is a 36 credit-hour program, which takes about 2 years to complete if you go to school full-time.
Core Classes:
- Collection development
- Library management
- Introduction to research
- Reference
- Cataloging or representation and organization of information.
After we take these core classes, the rest of the coursework are electives which we can tailor to our own interests. We are also allowed 6 units outside of SLIS, if we want, as long as it is approved by an advisor. This means 6 units at the Bloomington campus or in another department. Personally, I wish that I didn't have to take all of the foundational courses but in the end, I suppose I will graduate with a well rounded education. Our degree does not require a final project or a thesis, so students feel either relieved or directionless. We have the option to do directed research or reading for credit, so if students feel compelled to take on a personal research project, they can do so for credit. I think it would be nice to feel like I was working towards a capstone project or some sort of culminating final project, as opposed to taking a bunch of classes, then just being done. There's not any room in our program for that level of self-reflection, which might be very helpful in a graduate degree.
Internship availability:
IUPUI has several libraries on it's campus, including law, art, medical, and dentistry libraries. In addition, Indianapolis is home to several museums, special libraries (like the Kurt Vonnegut Memorial Library) and private companies which offer volunteer and internship opportunities for SLIS students. As a result, this is a great campus to get practical experience. Internships are not required, but students can earn up to 6 credit hours for internships that they do.
We also have this great program, The 21st Century Leadership Program, funded through an IMLS grant that provides students with the opportunity to do an internship for credit and take a leadership forum class. These credit hours are paid for, in addition to a stipend and travel grant money. You can do your internship anywhere as long as it's approved by your advisor. This allows students to get practical experience and be paid for their time. However, funding for this program might only be for 2011.
Student Involvement:
IU Bloomington has the ALA Student Chapter, plus many other great student groups geared towards all the specialty degrees. We have ALISS, our own student group which I was recently elected as the Chief Information Officer. Unfortunately, getting people to participate is hard because our school has many commuters and long-distance students. Every semester there are brown-bag lunches with professors, guest speakers and special events, connecting students to alumni and faculty.
- Nice campus and main library. The classrooms are all up-to-date and have a.c. in the hot summer. I say this because I'm taking a class in Bloomington and the classroom is really stuffy (I know, this is a personal thing).
- Many opportunities for students to get practical experience since this campus is located in an urban setting. The Indiana State Library is two blocks away from campus and welcomes SLIS students to come volunteer on projects that align with students interests.
- Great student body and faculty. Everyone here is really friendly, which has helped me feel more welcome in a new place. The faculty are pretty approachable and are willing to talk to students, even if they're not their advisor.
- SLIS Indy/ IUPUI UL Joint Research Conference is held here in our library. It's a great way for students and the librarians to interact and hear about what research projects. It's also an opportunity for students to present their research in a low-pressure setting, since they have the home team advantage. I wrote more about it on my blog and I volunteered to be on the planning committee for next year. It's a good way to get experience with conference planning!
Areas for Improvement:
- No option for MLIS. Yes I know, it's a single letter difference, but it matters to some. I recently found out that IU-Bloomington is part of the iSchool caucus, and I think their course offerings reflect that. Even though we are supposed to be the same school, our courses differ. More information science classes would be awesome.
- More technology classes would be nice. IUPUI has an informatics program, including a master's program in human computer interaction. If only we had some of those classes, but geared towards library students. Think of the possibilities!
- Limited opportunities to get instruction experience. This is a requirement for many academic library jobs, but at our school, it's hard to get that experience unless you find an internship that allows you to do information literacy instruction. The professor who normally teaches the education of information users course didn't teach it this past year; so many students never had the chance to at least take the class dedicated to this area of librarianship.
Looking forward:
Next year, IU is going up for ALA re-accreditation. This means that all the faculty members, from both campuses, are looking critically at the program and potentially making some changes. For IU-Indy, an academic librarian track is most likely going to be added. We also got a new Executive Associate Dean, Dr. Lipinski this past January, so I do expect more changes in the coming years.
Overall, I would say that this program is very heavy on practical experience and lighter on theory. Many of our class projects have us go out into the community and talk to real librarians. I really appreciate that aspect of my education because I think it enhances my understanding of librarianship.
If anyone has any questions about IU please ask away. I am not the lone spokesperson for this program so IU Bloomington students, IUPUI students, if you guys have any experiences or thoughts you want to add, please go ahead and add any additional comments or experiences to address anything I missed.
Categories: Hack Your Program


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18K white gold. Diamonds total ca 0,28 ct. Sapphires total ca 3,35 ct. Size 16,5/52. Weight 4 gram.
Insignificant wear.
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This article was originally published in the November/December 1996 issue of Home Energy Magazine. Some formatting inconsistencies may be evident in older archive content.
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Home Energy Magazine Online November/December 1996
Revolution, Not Agitation: A New Spin on Clothes Washing
For years, Europeans have used small, water-conserving, energy-efficient washing machines. But most washer manufacturers serving the United States haven't bothered trying to sell them here. The machines have always been expensive, small, and slow, making them inappropriate for Americans accustomed to big, fast muscle machines. At the same time, the American preference for powering out stains has led many people to use more hot water than they need for clothes washing. The result? A lot of wasted energy. However, things are starting to change.
America's 35 billion annual loads of laundry eat up 2.6% of total residential energy. This waste is now being cut by improved detergents and washer designs. Americans are slowly accepting that energy-efficient washing can actually get clothes clean. People are using colder water today than they did 20 years ago, and efficient horizontal-axis washers are starting to boom.
Horizontal-axis clothes washers can save as much as 60% of the electricity and one-third of the water used by traditional washers cleaning the same volume of clothes (see Figure 1). They can also conserve drying energy by spinning clothes faster than vertical-axis washers. According to Consumer Reports, by eliminating the agitator, horizontal-axis washers also reduce wear and tear on clothes.
Efficient machines have long been the norm in Europe, but for years, only one U.S. manufacturer-Frigidaire-made a horizontal axis residential machine. This model, like those imported from Europe, had only one-third the capacity of most vertical-axis machines and took a long time to finish a load. These restrictions limited such designs to 1%-3% of the market.
In an attempt to enhance home energy and water efficiency, the Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) has initiated widespread utility rebates to encourage the purchase of washers that are as efficient as the best horizontal-axis machines. They have persuaded 24 utilities, representing 9% of U.S. households, to offer rebates of $100 to $250 to utility customers who buy qualifying washers. The program's intent is to speed the development, sale, and use of efficient washing machines. The rebates cover most of the price difference between conventional washers (which cost about $600) and the more efficient washers (which cost between $700 and $1,300).
The program seems to be working. While two years ago there was only one qualifying washer on the U.S. market, three qualified last November, and there were 11 as of fall 1996. As of September 1996, Frigidaire is selling an efficient, high-capacity machine; Whirlpool and Maytag intend to release such models by the end of the year. So far, all qualifying washers have been horizontal-axis models, but efficient vertical-axis machines may be on the way. While sales are still slow, CEE program manager Andrew deLaski expects that in the near term, rebates could help efficient washers to capture as much as 10% of the washing machine market. DeLaski guesses that in the long term, regardless of rebates, these more efficient, effective, and expensive washers can expect a 30%-40% market share. That's a large slice of a big pie-5 million washers are sold each year in the United States.
Past increases in washer efficiency resulted from federal standards. For example, starting in 1988, federal rules required that washers offer a cold water rinse. The U.S. Department of Energy has been working on new standards that may require increased efficiency, but no such rule has been issued. New standards may require all washers to be as efficient as horizontal-axis machines, and mandate maximum retained moisture levels in order to reduce drying energy. If such a rule is issued, vertical-axis machines will have to become far more efficient in order to be sold in the United States. Because of built-in delays in the standards, it will be at least the turn of the century before federal rules require the more efficient machines.
Meanwhile, detergent makers have been developing more advanced products that clean at lower temperatures and rinse out faster. In new washers, faster rinsing means less water use because the machines stop using water once they sense that the clothes are rinsed. On average, a concentrated detergent in such a washer will require 7 fewer gallons of rinse water. Concentrates also generally cost less per use.
A load of laundry uses as much as 90% of its wash energy in heating up water. By encouraging cold- and warm-water washing, new detergents are succeeding at reducing energy use. According to Proctor and Gamble, in 1975 15% of washes were in cold and 30% were in hot water, compared to 30% in cold and 19% in hot in 1989.
-Steven Bodzin
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