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Wow Your iPad Readers
With the launch of Apple's iPad we have seen the future of computing and it is touch. Nothing matches the visceral feel of navigating your digital world with your hands. The past four months we've been working closely with Onswipe to bring your iPad visitors our vision of what a blog can look like re-imagined for a touch experience.
Our iPad-optimized view is app-like in its functionality, but pure HTML5 goodness on the backend: it supports touch interactions, swiping, rotation, and many other features of the iPad. Like when we launched our smartphone-optimized WP-Touch integration in 2009 (now responsible for over 150 million page views a month) this is immediately available and active on the over 18 million blogs on WordPress.com.
There are some fun options to play with too. If you browse to Appearance -> iPad in your Dashboard you can:
- Have the theme use an image from your recent posts as a cover.
- Upload a logo to showcase your brand or personality on the cover.
- Upload an image to be used as a loading graphic when visitors add your site to their home screen.
- Switch fonts.
- Choose from 9 different skin colors, to best match the feel of your site.
- Enable or disable the whole thing.
When you tap to view a post, you get to see the full content with a slick commenting interface and social sharing tools for Twitter, Facebook, and WordPress.com literally at your finger tips. It's a lot of fun browsing sites with Onswipe.
Check out the Onswipe support document to learn more.
Onswipe has also made the plugin available for self-hosted WordPress.org sites.
On WordPress.com we're seeing about 750,000 page views a day from iPad visitors and it continues to rise. New tablet devices seem to be coming out every time you turn around. In the coming months we'll be expanding to work with other popular tablet devices, but we chose to focus on the iPad first because… well it's cool.
186 Comments
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I really think that Apple's iPad is so cool, the only thing is that it's so expensive, but that's just me…
Sounds wonderful!
@shoesaddiction It is expensive. Very. But sometimes it's worth it…. Others it's not. I mean, you drop it and all your money… useless.
This looks so cool! I wonder if any of my blog readers are using an IPad.
Great plugin. Cool use of the post image for the post, but its all pixelated because it's stretched, of course
How is the menu for the iPad view selected/created? The menu that appears for one of my blogs doesn't match the menu on the non-iPad site. It looks (possibly) like an older version of the menu.
@doctorwhofan98 I know, it's expensive and it's worth it, but I have to sell a lot of my shoes, oh boy! Again, that's just me 🙂
Well, I don't have an iPad, but it sounds good, and if I would buy one, it'll work and that's good 😉
But I also use my lovely MacBook! 😛
As an iPad user and blog reader, I must say I'm neither "wowed" nor very amused by this. I much prefer the old type skins – this new one seems both less clear and less convenient to use. Is there any way to turn this off as a reader, or is it only the authors for each blog that can do that?
Can we see in stats what part of our visitors come via iPads?
now you just have to make WordPress Dashboard work on iPad so that we can use the iPad also for blogging, not only for reading blogs – whenever I try to edit one of my posts on the iPad it simply gives me an empty box (might be white text on white background as well) 😦
Yay!! This IS cool! I use my iPad a great deal, and I know plenty of people who put in most of their internet time on their iPads. Yay!
No, wordpress, why? I spent so long customising my theme, now you've onswiped it! Don't get me wrong, i love you guys – but what i really need is a better app for iPad. WP for iOS doesn't make it easy to use creative commons images, or to insert links. An improvement to that would be really great.
Absolutely terrible if you use the iPad browser to access some of the features that the WordPress app doesn't allow you to do. Disabling now.
Playing with it now. I like it that you can change the font and color. Will there be different themes in the future? Also, what is the "screen image"? I uploaded an image for both the cover logo and the screen image, but only the cover logo appeared (and too small at that). What am I missing?
WordPress thinks of everything! First class platform all the way.
See your wordpress blog's iPad version on Mac. Enable Develop menu on Safari, choose iPad as user agent.
Good news again here ! I've just forward the info to all my contacts who are "ipaded" Thank you Nick 🙂
Wow! Just logged in via my iPad and didn't even recognize my blog. It lost about 75 percent of it's originality in the transformation. Yikes!
I do not own an IPad, I do not intend to buy one, and none of my friends has one. However, I am keen to use all the settings of this new feature, add a cover logo, launch screen image etc, to improve the experience of my readers who might own one, especially as I suspect many of them do for some reason. So my question is: how do I visualise the changes made? I can see there is a tip given by someone earlier for Mac users, but I own a PC, so how do I do that? At the moment I have left it "onswiped", but I have no idea how the website looks. If I am unable to view the changes then I will reluctantly untick the box as Id better be safe than sorry….
Looks cool, a lot like flipboard for iPad. Only thing is you can't see YouTube video's that I posted on my blog.
ABSOLUTELY love my site on the iPad!! The only downside is that I don't like how my blog looks on my laptop anymore, haha!
Thanks, WordPress!
This is exciting news. There are going to be so many nG and embedded devices that pretty soon you will be able to tweet from the Coke machine!
Nice work Guys
I think it will be great if wp create this stuff for Non Ipad such as android based tablet
what do you think?
Sounds like a great idea but it really needs a preview feature – I don't have an iPad and have never used one so I don't understand how the different options will affect the appearance of my site on the device.
Looks good! But it doesn't pick up images linked from Flickr, just the ones I've uploaded to WordPress. Also, doesn't display an embedded Youtube video.
My dad saw the changes before me and loved the new layout. Thanks WordPress, it's beautiful!
Wouldn't touch it with a 10-ft pole. I access [and update] my site with an iPad easily 30% of the time. It works fine without what I would consider the distorted view of Onswipe.
Nice try – but FAIL.
Love your work!
A 'beautiful app-like experience'? I don't think so! Sorry guys I really do love 99.99% of what you give us but this is awful! And I have really been looking forward to something which will help to translate the hard work I put into my blog's appearance to the i-pad [mainly Apple's fault I know] but this is not it. It mangles my blog horribly, and a friend's is even worse. 1/10. 😦
@Thor and @Nick – I'd like to use the dashboard for writing and editing posts on my ipad but can't. The WP for IoS App only has an HTML view which is not what I want.
I admit I freaked out at first as I wasn't expecting it. However, after spending a little time with it and seeing how easy it was to navigate, I'm in!! Cool beans!
Oh, I should have mentioned I have an iPad so I got to see it up close and personal. LOL!
Do you guys ever sleep over there?
Absolutely wonderful. I look forward to playing around with it. Thanks!!
Cool! Something else to learn and play with. And thanks for the tip about the Develop menu, didn't know that was there. I've only been using a Mac since last October for NaNoWriMo. WordPress keeps getting better and better! 🙂
Eep! I don't keep up with the WordPress blog, so was really shocked to view my blog on an iPad tonight. An opt-in set-up might have been better, especially for other folks who might not see their sites on a device like this and are unaware of the default need to disable. Also, comments are not visible, and readers can't comment.
Okay, I have to correct my earlier comment here – comments *are* visible and postable with swipe me, it just requires the extra step of seeing the word balloon (which I obviously didn't) and tapping it.
How do people leave comments on sites that have this feature enabled? I couldn't figure out how to leave a comment – so it appears that this feature is about form versus function. I like comments, and want to make commenting as easy as possible for my readers – so I'm disabling this for my blog sites.
Wow!! Thanks WP!
It is a good news to iPad users.
I just noticed that for some reason the onswipe theme removes YouTube videos from the posts… what's up with that?
Well, spending just 15 minutes perusing my favorite blogs from my iPad, I have to say that I think it's a change for the worse. It's just wrong on so many levels. I only wish my fellow bloggers would wake up and disable this feature so that they could return to normal.
For one thing, there's a glitch in the comment box, which didn't allow me to move my cursor around – I finally gave up trying and cancelled. Also, one of the neatest features about iPad is being able to enlarge the former comment boxes…not so in this format, and it's much smaller than before.
Guess I'll be visiting my "Blogger" buddies when on this gadget.
Sorry, WP. 😦
It is fabulous! Stunning! I am absolutely delighted and have posted a special thank you to WordPress on my blog.
Since iPad does not support flash,i am going to gold out for the BlackBerry playbook. Got to 'play' with this week at long last, and i have to say it gives the iPad a heavy run for it's money, and my money is on the playbook.
Sounds very cool! Thanks WordPress!
This is a great feature but I think the choice to use it should be offered to the blog reader rather than the blog owner. I found it a bit off-putting to see it was set as a default.
Don't like this at all. I spent forever finding the best template for what I needed. This has just blown it out of the water. I can't understand why it has been set up as default. I follow another blog and I don't like how it shows it either. This should definitely be an 'opt in'. What is the point of setting up a template if a lot of your readers will automatically see it differently? As an option, it's great but not as the default.
As a writer and educator for those with disabilities, in particular Visually impaired/ Low vision students, I've seen huge interest in this community. I'm looking for more information about WordPress related elements that would support the I-pad's capabilities, such as viewing articles as turnable pages, interactive pathways, and integration with images and other media.
On an unrelated note: I sort of like the iPad theme, but I am in two minds about it – and so would be my readers I suppose. Couldn't you have a link on the iPad theme (and the iPhone theme for that matter) that allows the reader (!) of the blog to choose the full desktop version instead? Thats the way Google Reader does it, and especially on the iPad i am sometimes using one mode, sometimes the other, depending what i want to do Sometimes surfing on a mobile device involves a compromise, and who am I to impose this choice on my readers?
iPad so steady and smart. Good luck! There is no other word but thanks for giving comfort to us all.
Nice feature, but not sure if you're aware of issues with viewing on iPad's Twitter app. The WordPress site is not fully visible, and you can't scroll horizontally. A little frustrating.
This is so insanely cool. I just tried it out on my own blog yesterday, and while it feels a bit laggy at times when images and scripts are loading, it really gives your site that unexpected wow-factor when you browse it from an iPad. May i ask why you to chose this system rather than some of the other ones out there?
I think it should have a preview of the theme, because not everyone on wordpress own an ipad to see it but still wanting Ipad users to have a cool experience…
Another thing, this won't work on another tablets right?
That's awesome. Pls could you send me an ipad to test it? 🙂
Terrific idea! 🙂
Another thing.. I've noticed my YouTube and Vimeo videos don't show in the iPad version. Am i the only one with this bug?
@ProjectJeremy: I agree – would prefer to see this (and other future functions) offered as opt-in versus opt-out. I don't want to see this space turn into what Facebook is doing (i.e., updating features every two days, and making people turn them off instead of allowing people to turn them on).
Thanks for this! I tried it out and what I can see on my iPad is great. The theme inspires me to put a picture in every blog article so that it will look nicer for iPad users (and PC users as well) when visiting my blog.
One more: the menu-thing is a deal breaker for me. For reasons that I do not want to get into my top-menu does not reflect my pages hierarchy, and any theme that does not respect this does not work for me….
I found it easy to navigate. Also thanks for the reference about the app alternative to dashboard. My biggest complaint was not being able to write posts on dashboard on my iPad. I'm downloading the iOS app now. Oh, and my iPad was a gift. They gave it to me for Mother's Day, I think so that I wouldn't leave.
I was able to get the iPad version of the site to show up with Safari for Windows by enabling the Developer menu, then using this custom User Agent string:
Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; U; CPU OS 3_2 like Mac OS X; en-us) AppleWebKit/531.21.10 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0.4 Mobile/7B334b Safari/531.21.10
The "iPad" agent in Safari on Windows didn't work, but the above custom string did.
Sweeeeeet! Can't wait to try it out on my new iPad (which is currently somewhere over the midwest right about now).
I experienced the same problem as Pearl with the comment box – I could not move around in it very easily at all. I also like the idea of giving readers the option to switch between the two.
Is there a way to test it when we don't have either an Ipad or a Mac? I would like to test it before launching it, so that I'm sure my template is not blown off.
Is anyone else finding that embedded videos don't show up at all?
Though it does look great and is very impressive (and an improvement on my current appearance), I would prefer that it be an opt-in feature. Because now I need to either disable it or figure out this glitch with the videos.
I'm sure others are asking.. How can I check out my WordPress.com or .org blog on iPad – when I don't own one? I've already researched this, and there is a very simple solution, using Apple Safari browser. The iPadification of WordPress.com (http://teabrooke.com/2011/03/24/the-ipadification-of-wordpress-com/)
LOVE IT!! GREAT JOB!! And easy enough to disable if you don't like it. No, it doesn't look like my regular blog theme, but I love it, something different! Yes, keep the upgrades coming for WordPress for iPad… I.e. Ability to add a caption to a photo, etc…
Amazing!!! Technology just keeps getting better and better.
Fantastic idea!
A little tip – If you want to test the ipad theme, but you don't have an iPad, most browsers allows you to change the user agent. Switching it to Safari Mobile > iPad will render the iPad version in your desktop browser 🙂
I see that you are working on switching this from opt-out to opt-in. Thank you. I find it kind of annoying on some WP blogs that I frequent, since I have no way to access any of their widgets or links. It would be really helpful if the reader could switch back to the normal site. I use my ipad almost exclusively, so I'll be looking forward to reading blogs normally again.
I like the concept a lot, it's just that it doesn't make an easy transfer to the majority of blogs. Plus, as other have said, it destroys the originality of each person's blog. I would love to see this as simply a theme, like the others.
One more thing, I use tags, not categories, and on swipe doesn't show tags at all.
It's cool, of course, but I cannot see videos in iPad version ( in iPhone yes, but not in iPad ). And we lost lots of things of our blog, for example integrated Flickr and Twitter, and widget contents.
But surely, it's really no good when we cannot see videos. 😦
Cool. Set my font to Zapfdinbats….For the iPad users.
WOW!! Very Kool
WordPress.com dashboard -> Appearance -> iPad: Launch Screen Image, Use an image exactly 768×1004px <– Is that correct? Or should it be 768×1024px (the actual screen resolution of the iPad)?
Awesome! I wish I had an iPad! Or have. Sounds wickedly fun!
Just Noticed this last night & it looks awesome!
Absolutely ingenious–thank you, wordpress!
Dear Santa
I know it's not Christmas for a long time, but if you did want to give me a present in the middle of the year, twisting arms at WordPress to have this feature added to the wordpress.org Jetpack plug-in would be very nice.
Thank you


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Washington Nationals fans filled the stands Saturday night to watch pitcher Collin Balester's inauspicious Nationals Park debut vs. the Houston Astros.
Despite the home team's recent string of misfortune, it's good to see the weekend crowds consistently topping 30,000 regardless of opponent. Great weather has certainly helped, and by now Washingtonians are figuring out that parking at Nationals Park is easy and getting to the stadium is a piece of cake whether driving or taking Metro.
Unfortunately Saturday night's presidents race offered no drama for Teddy fans. Abe Lincoln remains on a tear and showed no signs of letting up, chasing Thomas Jefferson from behind and taking the lead in the stretch to keep his streak alive. Teddy Roosevelt did not appear to even try.
Sunday marks the last game before the All Star break and Teddy's last chance at presidents race glory for several weeks. If Abe wins, it would be his 7th straight and a first-ever presidential sweep of an entire homestand. Somebody's got to stop him. Why not Teddy? The weather should be good and tickets are available, so Teddy fans — I hope to see you all cheering him on tomorrow at Nationals Park!
Photo by flickr member afagen

subset: commoncrawl


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BALDWIN CITY, Kan. (AP) Baker University President Pat Long says she plans to retire in June 2014.
Long told the university's Board of Trustees about her plans on Friday. She has been president of the university in Baldwin City since 2006, when she became the institution's first female president.
The trustees say they will start a national search for her replacement soon.
The Lawrence Journal-World reports the 61-year-old Long said she planned when she was hired to serve as president for five to seven years. She says she wanted to give plenty of advance notice to allow the university time to find the best replacement.
During her tenure, Baker spent $11.3 million renovating and expanding the university's science and mathematics facilities and constructed a new residence hall.


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A gold brick is still a brick, and hurts just as much when it falls on your foot.
It's a metaphor employed by currency manager Axel Merk (left) on Tuesday to explain the recent drop in the price of the precious metal.
He then lists the reasons why it's happening:
- China's GDP growth has slowed to 7.7%, ushering in an era of more modest growth. In the past, disappointing growth numbers out of China have, on occasion, been a negative for the price of gold, as well as broader "risk sentiment."
- The reason the ECB isn't printing more money is because other central banks have shown that it doesn't work. For the time being, the market appears to agree: the printing presses have not achieved a great deal, as exemplified by lackluster growth in the developed world.
- The Eurozone, therefore, has not fallen apart, and rampant inflation has not taken hold. As such, it's only reasonable for gold "to take a breather."
- Surely the Fed would like to go back to a more normal environment, but recent disappointing data show that such talk might be premature. Still, forward-looking markets might start to price in that "at some point" there may be an exit from the highly accommodative monetary policy.
- In the past, we have cynically indicated that there's never been a Eurozone crisis; instead, there's a global crisis. It is naïve to think that Japan's problems are all solved with the onetime salvo of the Bank of Japan.
- The last time we checked, Paul Volcker was not the most likely candidate to succeed Bernanke, but super-dovish Janet Yellen was the frontrunner. Taken together, there are plenty of reasons to believe that we haven't seen anything yet with regard to the price of gold, and with that we mean on the upside.
- We also have to keep in mind that a lot of technical damage has taken place: many investors that bought gold in the past two years have paper losses and might be eager to sell on rallies. From our point of view, volatility is your friend, as it shakes out weak holders of gold, making price appreciation ultimately more sustainable.
"The recent volatility in gold does raise a broader concern," Merk concludes. "It appears there are fewer and fewer actors in the markets, with trading ever more driven by computer models and hedge funds. When the going gets tough, few bids are in the markets. That's a challenge going far beyond the yellow metal, extending to stocks and other markets."


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Arunasree Chinnakotla, M.D.
- Offers MyHealth Online
This provider offers Sutter Health's electronic health record with the following online services:
- Email your doctor's office
- Prescription refills
- View test results
- Proxy access for caregivers
- Track immunizations
- Secure mobile access
- Schedule an appointment*
- Pay bills online*
* Services with an asterisk vary by doctor.
Family Medicine
New patients, please call for availability
Accepted Health Plans
Below is a list of plans accepted by this doctor.
While we strive to keep this list up to date, it's always a good idea to check with your health plan to determine the specific details of your coverage, and to contact the doctor's office to verify acceptance of your particular plan.
Professional Interests
Family Medicine
Adolescent health, After-hours availability, Cardiovascular disease, Cholesterol management, Chronic disease management, Cold and flu care, Diabetes, High-risk hypertension, Menopause care, Minor office procedures, Nutrition counseling, Preventive care, Women's health
- Medical Affiliations
Palo Alto Medical Foundation
- Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group
Sutter Medical Network
Practice Locations
Board Certifications
Family Medicine
Credentials & Notables
- Medical School:
Rangaraya Medical College, India
- Residency:
Michigan State University - Genesys Regional Medical Center
- Primary Language(s)
- Additional Language(s)
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Additional Information
Physicians Nearby
Amy L. Guigliano, M.D.
Family Medicine
Gurpreet Sarao, M.D., MPH
Family Medicine
Barry Slater, M.D.
Family Medicine
Dina Sukharev, M.D.
Family Medicine
Becky L. Wallin, M.D., MPH
Family Medicine
Maryam Dolatshahi, M.D.
Family Medicine
Lawrence Zieske, M.D.
Family Medicine
Andreea C. Doaga-Thyne, M.D.
Family Medicine
Geriatric Medicine
Patricia Hockett, M.D.
Family Medicine
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This physician directory is provided as a convenience to you. It is not intended as a recommendation, referral or endorsement of any particular provider. Physicians are not employees or agents of Sutter Health or its affiliates. The information is submitted by each doctor and we make no guarantee or warranty as to the accuracy of the information. Sutter Health is not responsible for any loss or damage caused by your reliance on this information. You should verify the accuracy of the information directly with the physician's office.
All doctors on this site are affiliated with Sutter's network of care - members of the medical staff of Sutter-affiliated hospitals, affiliated medical groups, and independent practice associations that participate in clinical initiatives. Doctors do not pay a fee to be included in this directory. If a physician ceases to fall within one of the categories noted, he/she would no longer be listed on the site. Doctors meeting your search criteria are presented in alphabetical order by last name, or by geographic proximity if a zip code has been used as search criterion. Find out more about star ratings.


text: Yay! Customer Management API - SDKs VoIP Business The Yay! Customer Management API returns data of balances, reseller addresses, sub-resellers, reseller users, documents, and storefronts. Free API Key is available with registration.Track API VersionsSDKs (0)Articles (1)How To(0)Source Code(0)Libraries(0)Developers (0)Followers (2)Changelog (1) Versions SDKs Articles How To Source Code Libraries Developers Followers ChangelogSDKsThe following is a list of SDKs from our SDK directory that matched your search term. Though your definition of an SDK may differ, in our world, we define SDKs as platform- specific tools for consuming existing APIs of the sort we list in our API directory. For example, the Ruby SDK for consuming the Twitter Ads API. If you think an SDK, API, or other asset is missing from our directory, be sure to check our guidelines for making contributions to ProgrammableWeb.Add a new SDK to our directorySorry, no sdks for this API.


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Bracket For 50mm Museum Galleria Burnished Brass Effect
Price includes fittings and fixings
(Don't worry, fittings and fixings are already included)
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text: Back Chest X-ray (Chest Radiography, CXR) Procedure overview What is a chest X-ray? A chest X-ray is a type of diagnostic radiology procedure used to examine the chest and the organs and structures located in the chest. Chest X-rays may be used to assess the lungs, as well as the heart (either directly or indirectly) by looking at the heart itself. Certain conditions of the heart may cause changes in the lungs and/or the vessels of the lungs. Changes in the normal structure of the heart, lungs, and/or lung vessels may indicate disease or other conditions. Chest X-rays may provide important information regarding the size, shape, contour, and anatomic location of the heart, lungs, bronchi, great vessels (aorta, aortic arch, pulmonary arteries), mediastinum (an area in the middle of the chest separating the lungs), and the bones (cervical and thoracic spine, clavicles, shoulder girdle, and ribs). What are X-rays? X-rays use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce images of internal tissues, bones, and organs on film. X-rays are made by using external radiation to produce images of the body, its organs and other internal structures for diagnostic purposes. X-rays pass through body tissues onto specially treated plates (similar to camera film) and a "negative" type picture is made (the more solid a structure is, the whiter it appears on the film). Depending on the results of the chest X-ray, additional tests or procedures may be requested by your doctor for further diagnostic information. Other related procedures that may be used to diagnose problems of the chest and respiratory tract include chest fluoroscopy, chest ultrasound, computed tomography (CT scan) of the chest, lung biopsy, lung scans, mediastinoscopy, positron emission tomography (PET scan) of the chest, pleural biopsy, thoracentesis, sinus X-rays, pulmonary angiogram, bronchoscopy, and bronchography. Please see these procedures for additional information. Anatomy of the respiratory system Respiratory System The respiratory system is made up of the organs involved in the interchanges of gases, and consists of the: Nose Pharynx (both the nasopharynx and oropharynx) Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs The upper respiratory tract includes the: Nose Nasal cavity Ethmoidal air cells Frontal sinuses Maxillary sinus Sphenoid sinus Nasopharynx Oropharynx Larynx Trachea The lower respiratory tract includes the lungs, bronchi, and alveoli. What are the functions of the lungs? The lungs take in oxygen, which cells need to live and carry out their normal functions. The lungs also get rid of carbon dioxide, a waste product of the body's cells. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs made up of spongy, pinkish-gray tissue. They take up most of the space in the chest, or the thorax (the part of the body between the base of the neck and diaphragm). The lungs are enveloped in a membrane called the pleura. The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum, an area that contains the following: The heart and its large vessels Trachea (windpipe) Esophagus Thymus Lymph nodes The right lung has three sections, called lobes. The left lung has two lobes. When you breathe, the air enters the body through the nose or the mouth. It then travels down the throat through the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe) and goes into the lungs through tubes called main-stem bronchi. One main-stem bronchus leads to the right lung and one to the left lung. In the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide into smaller bronchi and then into even smaller tubes called bronchioles. Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli. Reasons for the procedure Chest X-rays may be used to assess heart status (either directly or indirectly) by looking at the heart itself, as well as the lungs. Changes in the normal structure of the heart, lungs, and/or lung vessels may indicate disease or other conditions. Conditions that may be assessed with a chest X-ray include, but are not limited to, the following: Heart enlargement (which can occur with congenital heart defects or cardiomyopathy) Pericardial effusion. A buildup of excess fluid in between the heart and the membrane that surrounds it, often due to inflammation Pleural effusion. A collection of blood or fluid around the lung Pneumonia, persistent cough, and other lung conditions Aneurysms. Ballooning of the walls of the great blood vessels, such as the aorta Bone fractures Calcification of heart structures (such as heart valves or aorta) Tumors or cancer Herniation of the diaphragm (the breathing muscle, the diaphragm, moves out of place) Pleuritis. Inflammation of the lining of the lung Pulmonary edema ("fluid in the lungs," which can occur with congenital heart disease or congestive heart failure) Other reasons for performing a chest X-ray may include: As part of the physical assessment before hospitalization and/or surgery or as part of a complete physical examination To assess symptoms of conditions related to the heart or lungs To assess progression of a condition and/or effectiveness of treatments To check the position of implanted pacemaker wires and other internal devices, such as central venous catheters, endotracheal tubes, chest tubes, or nasogastric tubes To check status of lungs and chest cavity after surgery There may be other reasons for your doctor to recommend a chest X-ray. Risks of the procedure You may want to ask your doctor about the amount of radiation used during the procedure and the risks related to your particular situation. It is a good idea to keep a record of your past history of radiation exposure, such as previous scans and other types of X-rays, so that you can inform your doctor. Risks associated with radiation exposure may be related to the cumulative number of X-ray examinations and/or treatments over a long period of time. If you are pregnant or suspect that you may be pregnant, you should notify your doctor. Radiation exposure during pregnancy may lead to birth defects. There may be other risks depending on your specific medical condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your doctor prior to the procedure. Before the procedure The doctor will explain the procedure to you and offer you the opportunity to ask any questions that you might have about the procedure. Generally, no prior preparation, such as fasting or sedation, is required. Notify the radiologic technologist if you are pregnant or suspect that you may be pregnant. Dress in clothes that permit access to the area to be tested or that are easily removed. Notify the radiologic technologist if you have any body piercing on your chest. Based on your medical condition, your doctor may request other specific preparation. During the procedure A chest X-ray may be performed on an outpatient basis or as part of your stay in a hospital. Procedures may vary depending on your condition and your doctor's practices. Generally, a chest X-ray follows this process: You will be asked to remove any clothing, jewelry, or other objects that may interfere with the procedure. You will be given a gown to wear. The particular view that the doctor orders will determine how you are positioned for the X-ray, such as lying, sitting, or standing. You will be positioned carefully so that the desired view of the chest is obtained. The doctor will also specify the number of films to be made. For a standing or sitting film, you will stand or sit in front of the X-ray plate. You will be asked to roll your shoulders forward, take in a deep breath, and hold it until the X-ray exposure is made. For patients who are unable to hold their breath, the radiologic technologist will take the picture at the appropriate time by watching the breathing pattern. It will be important for you to remain still during the exposure, as any movement will blur the film. For a side-angle view of the chest, you will be asked to turn to your side and raise your arms above your head. You will be instructed to take in a deep breath and hold it as the X-ray exposure is made. The radiologic technologist will step behind a protective window while the images are being made. While the X-ray procedure itself causes no pain, the manipulation of the body part being examined may cause some discomfort or pain, particularly in the case of a recent injury or invasive procedure, such as surgery. The radiologic technologist will use all possible comfort measures and complete the procedure as quickly as possible to minimize any discomfort or pain. After the procedure Generally, there is no special type of care after a chest X-ray. However, your doctor may give you additional or alternate instructions after the procedure, depending on your particular situation. Online resources The content provided here is for informational purposes only, and was not designed to diagnose or treat a health problem or disease, or replace the professional medical advice you receive from your doctor. Please consult your health care provider with any questions or concerns you may have regarding your condition. This page contains links to other websites with information about this procedure and related health conditions. We hope you find these sites helpful, but please remember we do not control or endorse the information presented on these websites, nor do these sites endorse the information contained here. American Cancer Society American Heart Association American Lung Association National Cancer Institute (NCI) National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Library of Medicine


text: Many of you now know that the FDA has approved "some" Stevia extract for use in food products. They are doing this on a case by case basis. There are two Stevias that are showing up on supermarket shelves that are approved by the FDA and are full of junk. The Stevia that we have been selling for the past several years is Certified Organic, has no bitterness, has no junk fillers, and is now approved by the FDA for use in food products. This is a high Rebaudioside A, or Reb A Stevia that is now selling for $83.00 per pound. The other Stevia that sells for $74.00 per pound is the Stevia we sold before the Certified Organic one.


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LONDON (Reuters) - Increasing the minimum price of alcohol by 10 percent can lead to immediate and significant drops in drink-related deaths and may also have long-term beneficial health effects, according to a study published on Thursday.
Canadian researchers found that deaths caused by alcohol between 2002 and 2009 in the western province of British Columbia dropped when the minimum alcohol price was increased, while alcohol-related deaths rose when more private alcohol stores were opened.
The findings will be keenly scrutinized by alcohol policy makers, particularly in Britain where the government plans to introduce a minimum price on alcohol to try to clamp down on binge drinking and anti-social behavior. The United States does not currently set a minimum alcohol price.
"This study adds to the scientific evidence that, despite popular opinion to the contrary, even the heaviest drinkers reduce their consumption when minimum alcohol prices increase," said Tim Stockwell of the University of Victoria's Center for Addictions Research of British Columbia, who led the study.
John Holmes of the alcohol research group at Britain's University of Sheffield said Stockwell's study was a major contribution to evidence about minimum alcohol pricing and gave a "strong indication that the policy has reduced the consumption levels of those drinking at hazardous and harmful levels."
Stockwell's team, whose research was published in the journal Addiction, looked at three categories of death linked to alcohol - wholly alcohol attributable, acute, and chronic - analyzing death rates across the time period against increases in government-set minimum prices of alcohol drinks.
The study was complicated by another policy in British Columbia under which alcohol sales were partially privatized after having previous been controlled through government-owned stores. This led to a substantial rise in the availability of alcohol.
Stockwell said the major finding was that increased minimum alcohol prices were associated with immediate, substantial and significant reductions in wholly alcohol attributable deaths, with a 10 price rise followed by a 32 percent death rate drop.
Significant falls in chronic and total alcohol associated deaths were also detected between two and three years after minimum price increases.
At the same time, a 10 percent increase in the number of private liquor stores was associated with a two percent rise in acute, chronic, and total alcohol associated death rates.
Stockwell said the reason for the lower death rates were likely to be due to the fact that raising the price of cheaper drinks makes heavy drinkers drink less.
Earlier research conducted by the same team and published in January last year found that each 10 percent increase in the minimum price of alcohol led people to drink 3.4 percent less alcohol overall.
Reporting by Kate Kelland, editing by Paul Casciato
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


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RN - Registered Nurse - Full Time NightsLa Mirada, California
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At Kindred, we believe our Nurses are the heart of our organization – from the extraordinary kindness and compassionate they show to the exceptional care they provide. As an RN here, you will engage our patients and their families, helping to ensure the best possible outcomes by reducing lengths of stay and unnecessary re-hospitalizations. Join us and see firsthand what it's like to grow and advance in a truly collaborative environment where everyone is supported, empowered and inspired to be their best and do their best.
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What makes Kindred Healthcare a great place to work? Our people, of course! Our Registered Nurses answer this special calling because they have a fundamental, internal drive to directly help people. In return, we serve, develop and respect our employees in environments created to optimize their job effectiveness, experience, and satisfaction. This is who we are.
Who are you? To succeed in our high-energy, high reward environment, our nurses provide compassionate critical care and deliver exceptional patient experiences, meaningful outcomes, and bonds for life.
As the most acute level of care in Kindred's continuum, our transitional care hospitals offer the same critical care patients receive in a traditional hospital or intensive care unit, but for an extended recovery period. Our Registered Nurses play a vital role in the recovery process for chronic, critically ill and medically complex patients.
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Fast Food Workers Walk Off The Job Across Country To Demand Higher Wages
What pushes a person to walk out of their job and protest their wages? Perhaps it is something like working two jobs, each one at a different fast food restaurant, yet still not managing to afford shoes for three children or insurance for the 15-year-old car sitting in the driveway.
This was, at least, the case of Terrance Wise in Kansas City.
Wise was among a few thousand fast-food workers in seven cities, including New York, Chicago and Detroit, who took to the streets last week, carrying "Strike" and "Supersize Our Wages" signs in front of McDonalds, Wendy's, Burger King and other restaurants. They demanded better pay, the right to unionize and a more than doubling of the federal minimum hourly wage from $7.25 to $15.
"We work hard for companies that are making millions," the 34-year-old Wise says, adding that he lost his home last year, unable to make mortgage payments despite working about 50-hour weeks at Pizza Hut and Burger King. "We're not asking for the world. We want to make enough to make a decent living. We deserve better. If they respect us and pay us and treat us right, it'll lift up the whole economy."
These one-day protests, which also took place in St. Louis, Milwaukee and Flint, Mich., come amid calls from the White House, some members of Congress and economists to raise the federal minimum wage, which was last increased in 2009. Most of the proposals, though, seek a more modest rise than those urged by fast-food workers. President Barack Obama wants to boost the hourly wage to $9. And in July, more than 100 economists signed a petition supporting a bill sponsored by a Florida congressman that would hike it to $10.50 an hour.
The restaurant industry argues that a $15 hourly wage could lead to businesses closing and fewer jobs. It also notes the cost of living varies greatly around the country and many states have higher minimum wages than the federal rate. (Eighteen states and the District of Columbia, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.)
The Employment Policies Institute, which receives some funding from the industry, ran a full-page ad last week in USA Today, warning of another potential consequence: It showed the uniform of a fast-food worker with an iPad face, saying the wage increase could result in employees being replaced with automation, such as touch-screen ordering.
So at a time when the economy is growing steadily but slowly and about 11.5 million people are unemployed — nearly double the level before the Great Recession — how likely is it Congress will increase the minimum wage? And have these protests done any good?
The answers depend on whom you ask.
"They're very effective," says U.S. Rep. Keith Ellison, a Minnesota Democrat and co-chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. "They've brought attention to appalling conditions with workers putting in very long hours ... and not making enough money to survive. This I think is scandal. .. We believe it's essential to be paid livable wages. We know the companies can afford it. These are highly profitable businesses. It would be good not just for the family budget but for the national budget."
Ellison's caucus launched a national "Raise Up America" campaign this summer that has partnered with fast-food workers and others in low-wage industries to highlight the call for better salaries. The congressman says he's not deterred by likely resistance in the GOP-dominated House.
"Remember, things that don't look possible become possible if people advocate for them," he says, adding that in 1955 someone was probably saying "they're never going to end segregation. ... Sometimes these things catch on. I think the thing to do is keep on pushing, keep on talking. ... That's how we win."
But others are more skeptical and think if there is a winner, it's unions. The Service Employees International Union is providing financial support and staff to help train organizers for this campaign.
These protests show unions "still can appeal to and speak for workers who are on the fringes of the workforce — the less skilled, the part-timers and the immigrant workers," Gary Chaison, professor of industrial relations at Clark University in Massachusetts, wrote in an email.
These still are hard times, people are happy to be employed and the political climate in the House is not conducive for an increase, he adds. "The demonstrations are street theater and the rehabilitation of the image of American unions, but it's not going to drive new minimum wage policy," he wrote.
Scott DeFife, executive vice president of the National Restaurant Association, calls the protests a campaign "to disparage the industry," which he says operates on a tight profit margin. Doubling wages, he says, "would definitely have an impact on the creation of new jobs." He says it would be especially harmful for young people, for whom the jobless rate in some communities is already in the double digits.
Some fast food companies responded to the protests by saying they respect the rights of their workers.
And some who walked out used the media spotlight to talk openly about their financial struggles.
Kareem Sparks, a 30-year-old father of two boys, 6 and 12, was laid off in 2011 from a $17.50-an-hour city job in New York. His unemployment benefits ran out and he turned to food pantries. Five months ago, he found work at McDonald's.
"I'm grateful they gave me an opportunity to feed my family and put food on the table, but it's not enough," he says. Sparks supplements his income with a second job as a security guard, earning about $8 an hour. Together, he says, he brings home about $1,000-$1,100 every two weeks and needs food stamps to survive.
"It's horrible to know when I pick up my (McDonalds) check, it's going to be less than $200," he says. "You spend all your money in one store and go to sleep broke. It's not fair. ... Some people get their checks and don't come back to work."
The average hourly salary for fast-food workers was $9.00 in May 2012, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The average age for these workers is 29 years old; for women, it's 32, according to the bureau. The restaurant association says its own analysis of Census data found that slightly more than 25 percent of fast-food workers are heads of households.
Both sides in the fight over the minimum wage cite numerous studies to buttress their arguments about whether a raise would be harmful.
The petition signed by the economists says that for decades, research has "found that no significant effects on employment opportunities result when the minimum wage rises in reasonable increments." The economists also note that minimum-wage workers employed full time for the entire year earn $15,080, almost 20 percent below the poverty level for a family of three.
But Michael Saltsman, research director at the Employment Policies Institute, cites another study that he says found raising the minimum wage was counterproductive — with more people losing than gaining because hours were reduced and jobs were cut.
Tessie Harrell, one of the workers in the middle of this academic debate, walked off her job in protest last week.
As a Burger King manager in Milwaukee, Harrell, 34, has to stretch her $8.25 hourly salary to support five children (a sixth lives on her own). They live in a two-bedroom apartment. Her mother helped out financially and with child care, but she has since moved to a nursing home.
"It's not like we're teens working for a pair of shoes or a cell phone," Harrell says. "We're grown adults who can't find better jobs."
She would like to see something come from the protests, a wage improvement, even if it's not $15 an hour.
"I hope it works," she says. "We're just trying to survive and build a life for our children."
Based on reporting by the Associated Press.
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N.D. has funds to fight over abortion
BISMARCK, N.D. -- As oil-rich North Dakota moves toward outlawing most abortions, it's in a better position than most states for what could be a long and costly court battle over its restrictions.
Lawmakers on Friday sent the Republican governor two anti-abortion bills, one banning the procedure as early as six weeks into a pregnancy and another prohibiting women from having the procedure because a fetus has a genetic defect, such as Down syndrome. They would be the most restrictive abortion laws in the U.S
Abortion-rights activists have promised a legal battle over the measures if they become law. But supporters of the bills say their goal is to challenge the U.S. Supreme Court's 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling that legalized abortion up until a fetus is considered viable, usually at 22 to 24 weeks
Unlike other states, North Dakota isn't looking at budget cuts. The state actually has a budget surplus nearing $2 billion, thanks to new-found oil wealth. Record oil production has made North Dakota the nation's No. 2 oil producer behind Texas.
But that oil wealth has come at a price: increased crime, shortages of housing, greater costs for road repairs and other infrastructure improvements. Democratic Sen. Mac Schneider, an attorney from Grand Forks, said the Legislature should focus on those needs instead of "expensive and potentially protracted abortion litigation."
"There hasn't been near enough attention given to the costs as we've debated these issues. We need to be honest with taxpayer funds and that is: We will be spending money on attorneys," Schneider said.
But Rep. Bette Grande, a Republican from Fargo who introduced the measures, said the budget surplus wasn't part of the equation for her.
"I don't look at it from the financial side of things," Grande told The Associated Press on Friday. "I look at it from the life side of things."
Grande told lawmakers earlier in the week that fears about a legal challenge shouldn't prevent them from strengthening North Dakota's already strict abortion laws.
Gov. Jack Dalrymple hasn't said anything to indicate he would veto the measures, and the bills have enough support in each chamber for the Republican-controlled Legislature to override him. The Senate overwhelmingly approved the bills Friday, and the House passed them last month. The votes were largely on party lines, with Republicans supporting the measures and Democrats opposing them.
The state's only abortion clinic is in Fargo, and abortion-rights advocates say the measures are meant to shut it down. They urged Dalrymple to veto the bills.
The American Civil Liberties Union called the measures "extreme" and noted that many women don't realize they are pregnant until after six weeks.
"In America, no woman, no matter where she lives, should be denied the ability to make this deeply personal decision," ACLU executive director Anthony Romero said in a statement.
Outside of Fargo, the nearest abortion clinics are four hours to the south in Sioux Falls, S.D., and four hours to the southeast in Minneapolis.
North Dakota is one of several states with Republican-controlled Legislatures and GOP governors that is looking at abortion restrictions. Arkansas passed a 12-week ban earlier this month that prohibits most abortions when a fetal heartbeat can be detected using an abdominal ultrasound. That ban is scheduled to take effect 90 days after the Arkansas Legislature adjourns.
A fetal heartbeat can generally be detected earlier in a pregnancy using a vaginal ultrasound, but Arkansas lawmakers balked at requiring women seeking abortions to have the more invasive imaging technique.
North Dakota's measure doesn't specify how a fetal heartbeat would be detected. Doctors performing an abortion after a heartbeat is detected could face a felony charge punishable by up to five years in prison and a $5,000 fine. Women having an abortion would not face charges.
The genetic abnormalities bill also bans abortion based on gender selection. Pennsylvania, Arizona and Oklahoma already have such laws, according to the Guttmacher Institute, which tracks abortion restrictions across the U.S. North Dakota would be the first state to ban abortions based on a genetic defect, according to the institute.
Sen. Margaret Sitte, a Republican from Bismarck, said the bill is meant to ban the destruction of life based on "an arbitrary society standard of being good enough." Some test results pointing to abnormalities are incorrect, she said, and doctors can perform surgeries even before a baby is born to correct some genetic conditions.


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Kangen Water® also contains various minerals, such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Unlike other filtration systems that filter out even helpful minerals, your Enagic® filtration machine will keep these minerals intact. This provides a high-quality water that can be used for many different purposes.
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CORRECTION: Due to incorrect information from a source, this story originally misreported the nature of the St. Julien Hotel & Spa's efforts to limit Styrofoam products. The hotel uses compostable to-go hot cups and recyclable cold cups in Jill's Restaurant, and it offers takeout boxes made from a percentage of recyclable material,
Three months after the Boulder City Council decided to charge a 10-cent fee for disposable grocery bags, support is growing for a possible ordinance targeting Styrofoam.
University of Colorado senior Alexandra Brower, 21, is spearheading a campaign to ban the use of polystyrene — more commonly known by the brand name Styrofoam — in Boulder.
The product has long had a bad rap in eco-friendly circles because it's not recycled, carries 57 chemical byproducts and contains known carcinogens such as styrene and benzene.
"As consumers, we can drive the demand and supply of things, so I would like people to drive down and out the demand for Styrofoam," Brower said. "There is still significant work to be done to achieve the community's zero-waste goals, especially in regards to polystyrene."
Through Eco-Cycle's Center for Hard to Recycle Materials, Boulder residents can recycle No. 6 white block foam, such as the packaging around computers, televisions and other appliances. Non-No. 6 polystyrene products, including cups, plates and takeout containers, end up in landfills.
Brower said she's taking action for a cause that is "just common sense," meeting with Boulder officials and businesses and rallying support through an online petition.
Standing in the way, however, is a state prohibition on local bans of the "use or sale of specific types of plastic materials or products."
The Boulder City Council has included in its 2013 legislative agenda a position in support of repealing the prohibition on local polystyrene bans, but for the time being, Brower is focusing her efforts on getting people to ban the product from their own lives. She is working with the city to devise an incentive-based system to dissuade local restaurants and retailers from using polystyrene.
In an email to Brower, City Manager Jane Brautigam wrote that financial incentives "could be very effective in reducing the material's use in Boulder."
The local movement may also get a boost from some high-profile shifts away from polystyrene in the U.S.
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg has proposed an all-out ban in the city, and more than 70 jurisdictions in California have approved restrictions on polystyrene use.
In those states, proximity to large bodies of water is a major motivating factor in decisions on polystyrene use. Even though Boulder doesn't have to worry about polluting a nearby ocean or lake, advocates say the time is now to rid the city of Styrofoam.
"I think it's relevant no matter where we live," said Marti Matsch, communications director for Eco-Cycle. "We should skip the baby steps and move right ahead to regulation that supports the right choice environmentally."
Though many local businesses still use polystyrene, others have taken a stand against it. The St. Julien Hotel & Spa in downtown Boulder, for example, uses compostable to-go hot cups and recyclable cold cups in Jill's Restaurant, and it offers takeout boxes made from a percentage of recyclable material.
"All of these purchases away from Styrofoam are us as a business being able to choose what market we're supporting," said Henry Harding, the hotel's waste diversion specialist. "It's important because we are setting a standard. Instead of the business-as-usual approach, when we make a purchase we are thinking about the community and environmental impact."
According to Brower, most polystyrene-using people and businesses aren't interested in hearing her pitch.
But Boulder customers can demand greener materials, advocates say.
"The Boulder culture is one that understands environmental responsibility," Matsch said. "I hear from people all the time that they were surprised to go to a restaurant or coffee shop where polystyrene was permitted."


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About WeSC
You won't find WeSC at every other skate shop around town. We Are The Superlative Conspiracy only lets select shops carry its line of progressive streetwear. WeSC seeks out unique characters, open minds, tastemakers and individuals who consider themselves part of something bigger. WeSC calls these skaters, snowboarders, actors, artists, and photographers the Weactivists. These are the ones you see on the subway with WeSC headphones, skating till midnight, and sitting at the back of the club, locked in heated conversation when everyone else has gone home.


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Ex-rapper pleads guilty to failing to pay income taxes
ALBANY, N.Y. (AP) - A rapper from the 1990s hip-hop group 3rd Bass has pleaded guilty in Albany County Court to failing to pay state income taxes.
Peter Nash, whose stage name was "Prime Minister Pete Nice," released three albums with 3rd Bass between 1989 and 1991, two of which went gold. "Pop Goes the Weasel!" reached No. 1 on the U.S. Billboard rap charts.
The Albany County District Attorney's Office says Nash did not pay taxes in 2009, 2010 and 2011. The Clifton Park resident must pay $13,101 to the state in back taxes, penalties and interest. He also will be on probation for three years.
The Albany Times Union reports (bit.ly/1qPbgMu) that Nash pleaded guilty to misdemeanor criminal tax fraud. He will be sentenced on Aug. 26.


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Do literary prizes always go to deserving authors? One-Minute Book Reviews considers the question in "Reality Check," a series of occasional posts on books shortlisted for high-profile awards. A recent installment considered Edwidge Danticat's memoir of an uncle who died while in custody of U.S. immigration officials, Brother, I'm Dying www.oneminutebookreviews.wordpress.com/2008/01/02/. then a finalist for a 2007 National Book Award. The book has since won the National Book Critics Circle award for autobiography www.bookcriticscircle.blogspot.com. A "Reality Check" post on the NBCC poetry winner, Mary Jo Bang's Elegy, will appear next week.
(c) Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


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Accidentally Breaking a CFL - Is It Mayhem?
Many media stories brought to the public's attention that fluorescent lights contain elemental mercury, which is a toxic metal. This raises a question about potential harm within your home and the homes of your customers if a CFL is accidentally broken. Does a broken CFL pose a significant risk of exposure to elemental mercury?
Exposure Risk
EPA states that the risk from exposure to elemental mercury is related primarily to the risk of inhaling mercury vapor. It is important to realize that we are always exposed to a basic background level of elemental mercury. In the United States, the level of elemental mercury in the outdoor air varies from 2 to 10 nanograms per cubic meter (ng/m3) of air. A nanogram is equal to 1 billionth of a gram. EPA sets the Reference Concentration (RfC) for exposure to elemental mercury at 300 ng/m3. This is EPA's best estimate, based on current research and risk assessment calculations, of exposure to mercury in the air that does not impose a significant risk to human health over the subject's lifetime. This estimate includes sensitive subgroups, such as children, infants, and pregnant women. The RfC provides guidance to homeowners concerning the risk of long-term exposure to mercury. What about short-term, but relatively high, exposure levels? The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets the current permissible exposure level (PEL) for mercury vapor in the workplace at 100,000 ng/m3. This means that a worker should not be exposed to more than this level of mercury vapor even for a very short period of time.
What about short-term, but high, exposure outside the workplace? There are no published data on this topic. Therefore, there is no guidance for homeowners on what constitutes short-term, relatively high exposure risk. And the release of mercury vapor from a broken CFL would create a short-term exposure. This raises an important question. Just how high is the typical short-term exposure to mercury from a broken CFL? Findings of a study conducted by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (Maine DEP) in 2007 helped to answer that question.
Maine DEP investigators monitored the levels of elemental mercury in the air when CFLs were broken in a room with a floor area of 11 feet 4 inches x 12 feet 1 inch, and a 10-foot ceiling — a room similar in size to the average bedroom. There were windows on three sides of the room, and one of these, measuring 30 inches x 38 inches, was opened for the tests described below. The broken pieces were removed in a sealed container from the room, but the floor was not vacuumed, according to the existing Maine DEP guidelines for cleanup of broken CFLs. (Vacuuming just spreads the mercury vapor.)
New CFLs from seven different manufacturers, and of various wattages, were broken to measure the amount of mercury vapor released. A total of 35 new CFLs were smashed with a hammer over three types of flooring: wood flooring, short-pile carpeted flooring, and long-pile (shag) carpeted flooring. (See "Does It All Go into the Air?" for information about the percentage of mercury released as vapor.) New CFLs were used to obtain the highest possible air concentration of mercury, because new CFLs contain more mercury than used CFLs. Immediately after each break, air concentrations of elemental mercury were measured. Mercury measurements were taken at 1 foot and 5 feet directly above the breakage spot. The 1-foot height represents the breathing zone of a crawling infant. The 5-foot height represents the breathing zone of the typical adult.
Researchers measured at 1 foot and 5 feet above the floor the initial spike in mercury concentrations immediately after each CFL was broken. They then measured mercury concentrations at both heights at intervals of five seconds for a period of one hour immediately following the break. The readings were averaged to obtain a mercury air concentration over a one-hour period. The results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Maine DEP Study of Broken CFLs
Worst-Case Breakage Scenarios
The average mercury concentrations listed in Table 1 are 2,523 ng/m3 and 19,318 ng/m3 for the initial spike at 5 feet and 1 foot above the floor, respectively. Both of these readings are well above the EPA RfC for chronic exposure to elemental mercury of 300 ng/m3. And after a one-hour period, mercury concentrations remained above the RfC of 300 ng/m3, at 733 ng/m3 and 940 ng/m3 respectively. But keep in mind that the EPA RfC is for lifetime exposure, not for a spike in exposure lasting just one hour.
What about short, but relatively high, exposures? For these, the OSHA PEL is 100,000 nag/m3. Average concentrations shown in Table 1 are nowhere near this threshold. In fact, for 34 out of 35 breakage scenarios, none of the spikes — even at the 1-foot level — approached the OSHA PEL.
Worst-Case Scenario
In a worst-case breakage scenario designed by the Maine researchers, a 26W CFL was smashed over carpet. No ventilation was provided to the room, and only the larger pieces of the broken CFL were picked up. Those pieces were not removed from the room, but were placed in a trash can located within the room. Smaller pieces of the broken CFL were then cleaned up using a vacuum with a beater attachment.
In short, everything possible was done to elevate the air concentration of mercury in the room. Even with all this, the one-hour average air concentration of mercury was 21,262 ng/m3 at 1 foot above the floor and 16,814 ng/m3 at 5 feet above the floor, well below the OSHA PEL of 100,000 ng/m3. See Table 2.
Does It All Go into the Air?
Many people seem to think that when a CFL is switched on, all the mercury contained in that CFL is in vapor form. For example, if the average CFL contains 4 mg of elemental mercury (as was the case in 2007), they assume that when the lamp is switched on, 4 mg of mercury is in vapor form in the lamp. They further assume that if the lamp is broken while it is on, 4 mg of mercury will be released into the atmosphere. But this is not the case. Scientists from the Lighting Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory studied the release of mercury from CFLs in 1993. They found that if the average CFL contains
5 mg of mercury, just 50 - 350 nanograms of mercury will be in vapor form when the lamp is on. More recent research has shown that much of the mercury contained in a fluorescent lamp is not released when the lamp is broken or landfilled. It attaches to the lamp walls, phosphor powder, and other components within the lamp.
For more information about the studies cited above, contact Mark Pierce at email@example.com, or Joseph Laquatra at email@example.com.
Some Perspective
As data from the Maine DEP study illustrate, long-term exposure to mercury from a broken CFL poses a minuscule risk — and no risk at all if simple cleanup guidelines are followed.
And choosing incandescent lighting — although it eliminates the risk of exposure to elemental mercury — entails the risk of an even more potent and widespread form of mercury poisoning. We refer to methylmercury poisoning, which comes from eating fish. It is well known that fish — taken from both fresh and salt water — contain significant amounts of methylmercury. The FDA warns "women who might become pregnant, women who are pregnant, nursing mothers, and young children" to eat no more than 6 oz of albacore tuna per week, because it typically contains high levels of methylmercury.
Methylmercury is much more toxic than elemental mercury. After elemental mercury in the air is deposited in oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water, aquatic microorganisms biotransform it to methylmercury. When methylmercury is in the human body, it mimics the essential amino acid methionine. This mimicry allows methylmercury to move throughout the human body and to pass through the blood-brain barrier and into the placenta. Fetal exposure to methylmercury results in irreversible damage to the nervous system and neurodevelopmental toxicity. Adults and children can also experience neurodevelopmental problems from methylmercury exposure, although it is not certain whether low-dose exposure to adults is toxic.
Choosing fluorescent lighting means purchasing and using lights that contain a small amount of elemental mercury. But doing so reduces the total amount of mercury in the environment.
The likely dose of methylmercury from eating a 6 oz portion of albacore tuna is about 63,344 ng. A 2 oz portion would contain about 21,448 ng of methylmercury. Looking at Table 1 you can see that the average spike in elemental mercury concentrations immediately following, and just 1 foot above, a broken — and properly, promptly, and completely cleaned up — CFL is 19,318 ng/m3. Therefore, eating just a 2 oz portion of albacore tuna would result in a higher exposure to a more toxic form of mercury than being 1 foot above a CFL at the very moment it is broken, and inhaling every nanogram of elemental mercury following the break. We make this point to provide some perspective on mercury exposure risks, and to point out that eating fish is currently the primary way that most of us are exposed to mercury.
Choosing fluorescent lighting means purchasing and using lights that contain a small amount of elemental mercury. But doing so reduces the total amount of mercury in the environment. It's counterintuitive, but true. Since most electricity in the United States is produced from coal-fired electric plants, and since those plants are the primary source of mercury in the atmosphere, reducing electricity consumption will reduce our atmospheric load of mercury. Fluorescent lights use 75% less electricity than incandescent lights. Decreasing the amount of coal that is burned to power inefficient incandescent lighting will decrease mercury emissions into the environment. This will reduce the amount of methylmercury in our lakes, streams, and oceans. And this, in turn, will reduce the amount of methylmercury contained in the fish we eat.
learn more
Maine Compact Fluorescent Lamp Breakage Study. Report prepared by the State of Maine Department of Environmental Protection, 2007. To download a copy of this report, go to www.maine.gov/dep/rwm/homeowner/cflreport.htm.
For a list of manufacturers that produce CFLs with low levels of mercury, go to
For guidelines on how to safely clean up a broken fluorescent light, go to
As part of the 1999 - 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control, a large sample of humans were tested to determine blood-level concentrations of methylmercury. Results of the survey are online at www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes.htm.
Final Thoughts
In 2007, when the Maine DEP study was conducted, CFLs contained an average of 4 mg of mercury. But even then, some manufacturers were producing CFLs that contained as little as 1.5 mg of mercury. Maine DEP researchers noted that when they broke a CFL with lower mercury content, it produced lower air mercury concentrations. This is important information for consumers, because there are currently CFLs available that contain as little as 1 mg of mercury. The Federal Trade Commission recently announced that beginning in 2012 CFL labels and the bulbs themselves must specify mercury content. Therefore consumers who wish to limit exposure to mercury if they accidentally break a CFL can purchase CFLs with low levels of mercury. (For a list of manufacturers, see "learn more.")
For consumers who just cannot bring themselves to use fluorescent lighting in their homes, screw-based LED lights for use in incandescent fixtures are now available. On average, LEDs are 1.5 to 2 times as efficient as CFLs and 6 to 10 times as efficient as incandescents. They also last up to 25,000 hours. Purchasing LED lights enables consumers to maintain a zero risk of exposure to mercury from a broken fluorescent. It also reduces the total load of mercury in the atmosphere. Currently LEDs are fairly expensive to purchase, but prices are expected to decrease as more manufacturers enter the market.
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A picture book tells the story of an urban red-tailed hawk and the international outcry that erupted when the management of a Fifth Avenue co-op destroyed its nest
Pale Male: Citizen Hawk of New York City. By Janet Schulman. Illustrated by Meilo So. Knopf, 32 pp., $16.99. Ages 4 and up.
By Janice Harayda
Make way for hawklets. This delightful picture book tells the true story of a red-tailed hawk who became a star after he and his mate began raising chicks on a ledge on posh building on Fifth Avenue in the 1990s. Birdwatchers named him Pale Male and gathered in Central Park to study his family with binoculars and telescopes.
But residents of 927 Fifth Avenue disliked having their sidewalk littered with feathers, bird droppings and the remains of rats, pigeons and the occasional squirrel that the hawks ate. They persuaded the owners of the building to remove the hawks' nest, an act that set off an international outcry and homegrown protests that — even in a city full of exhibitionists — commanded attention.
"Two protesters dressed as birds urged cars on Fifth Avenue to 'Honk 4 Hawks.'" Janet Schulman writes. "Taxis, cars, and city buses honked. Trucks let out ear-piercing blasts of their air horns. Even fire trucks let loose their sirens."
After the Audubon Society and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service got involved, the owners of the building restored the nests. And all of it could have turned into another of the dreary lectures on environmentalism that have come to infest picture books.
But Pale Male has less in common with those sermons-in-print than with Robert McCloskey's endearing 1941 Caldecott Medal–winner Make Way for Duckings. Like that tale of Boston policeman who stops traffic so a family of ducks can cross the street, this book isn't a brief for animal rights. It's a celebration of wild creatures and the joy they can bring when, against the odds, they cross our urban paths.
Schulman clearly sympathizes with the hawks, but her text suggests why others might have different views, as do the wonderful illustrations, created with watercolor inks and colored pencils. One picture shows a sweeper in the hands of the pained-looking doorman who has to clean up the mess left by the hawks. Meilo So uses shifting visual perspectives to show New York City as it might look to the varied players in this drama — Pale Male soaring above Central Park, birdwatchers tracking him with their binoculars, a rich couple despairing in their plush co-op about the din caused by honking taxis and protestors. Schulman's afterword on Pale Male is good, too: "He has now won the status of a true New York celebrity: his building is pointed out by tour-bus operators."
Best line/picture: Both Schulman and So tweak wealthy residents of 927 Fifth in ways that are amusing but not mean. The rich couple despair in a living room that has faintly Victorian décor, including red walls and a rolled-arm red velvet sofa. It's a subtle way of suggesting that they're out of touch.
Worst line/picture: "Most of the tenants had been irked for years that they couldn't legally get rid of the hawks. Then in 2003, during a time when many conservation and wildlife laws were being relaxed by President George W. Bush's administration, the Migratory Bird Treaty was changed. It now permitted destruction of nests as long as there were no chicks in the nest. Hawks lay their eggs in March and the chicks fledge in June. In December Pale Male's nest was empty. The owners of the hawk building were quick to take advantage of the new law."
The problem with this paragraph isn't really the jab at Bush but that, atypically for Schulman, it's confusing. Why the sudden jump from June to December? Why does the paragraph say that the nest was "empty" then when the following one suggests that it was gone? And why does it call the people who lived in 927 Fifth Avenue "tenants" instead of "residents" when the building was a co-op?
Furthermore: Pale Male is likely to receive – and deserves – serious consideration for the American Library Association's Caldecott Medal or one of its annual awards for "information books." This is one of the year's best gift books for children and maybe even a mother who loves bird-watching.
Update: Pale Male www.palemale.com and his current mate, Lola, still live on their ledge at 927 Fifth Avenue, but no more chicks have hatched since the nest was removed and restored. An update on their plight appeared in an article the May 1, 2008 New York Times, "Reprise: The Fifth Avenue Ballad of Pale Male and Lola."
Published: March 2008 www.randomhouse.com/kids
© 2008 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


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Places where no additional qualifications or knowledge are required
The Australian Library and Information Association (ALIA) has a reciprocal recognition agreement with the ALA. Under this reciprocal arrangement, American graduates of ALA-accredited master's degrees are eligible for ALIA Associate (librarian) membership and may apply for positions advertised at librarian level in Australia.
New Zealand
The Library and Information Association of New Zealand Aotearoa (LIANZA) accepts the ALA-accredited masters degree in New Zealand, as it is a considered a sister organization.
United Kingdom
The Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) has a reciprocal agreement with the ALA. This allows graduates holding American bachelor's and master's degrees in library and information sciences to apply for jobs asking for qualified librarians and information professionals in the UK.
The Library Association of Ireland recognizes library and information qualifications from sister associations, especially the ALA. Each overseas qualification is considered on a case by case basis. Ireland may soon have a formal agreement with ALA. Recently, the only LIS school in Ireland (University College Dublin) has had its courses formally recognized by ALA because the Library Association of Ireland accredits their courses.
The Canadian Library Association (CLA) accepts the ALA definition of what constitutes a professional qualification: "The master's degree from a program accredited by the American Library Association (or from a master's level program in library and information studies accredited or recognized by the appropriate national body of another country) is the appropriate professional degree for librarians."
Hong Kong
The Hong Kong Library Association accepts a master's degree from an ALA-accredited program. Click on this link to the Hong Kong Libraries Gateway, which includes a directory of over 600 libraries in Hong Kong: http://dir.hkla.org/.
Singapore accepts an ALA-accredited masters degree if an American student is interested in working in a library in Singapore. In fact, Singapore sends some of their librarians to the USA to obtain the professional degree. No additional training is required. The only thing is that the library must apply for an employment pass for a foreigner to work in the organization from the Ministry of Manpower in Singapore before he or she could start work.
Places where you may need to learn a new language or jump through a few more hoops
According to the Berufsverband Information Bibliothek (BIB), in Germany, the more important issues are that the graduate fits into the working place, has an understanding of the German language, and that the library is interested in getting him or her for that particular job than it is where he or she comes from.
There is an other good opportunity for graduates and experienced colleagues: The BIB-ALA: German-U.S. Librarian Exchange. ALA and BIB signed an agreement to help each members in finding exchange libraries for professional exchanges. So if you are interested, just fill out the questionnaire.
It is possible that Danish Libraries would accept graduates from the USA, but only when they have the right job to offer to the person. Also, the language is a barrier. Danish Public libraries will require fluent Danish speaking from their employees, and Danish can be a very difficult language to learn.
In Finland there are regulations concerning the training of personnel working in library services. This means that in order to work as a qualified librarian, you would need to apply for a decision from the Finnish National Board of Education. However, a formal decision is not necessary for a person to be able to work for a short period in a Finnish library.
Recognition of qualifications is always made on a case-by-case basis. For this reason, they cannot guarantee a certain decision in advance or give a definitive assessment of which Finnish qualification a specific foreign qualification corresponds to, nor is there a list explaining the equivalence of qualifications completed in different countries. The prerequisite is always that the person is qualified to work in library services in his/her country of origin, and that the degree and the degree awarding higher education institution are both accredited and a part of the official higher education system of the country.
An ALA-accredited student will always be strongly considered by any American company located in Belgium. Regarding public libraries, unpaid placements are always possible (depending on the language level of the students) but a professional hiring would be difficult as one of the main recruitment conditions is Belgian nationality. Placements in information centers and university libraries are also a possibility. If students do want to go to Belgium to get a job, they should investigate obtaining a PhD in a Belgian university.
So what do you think? Would you go work in a foreign library?
Categories: International, Professional Life


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