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text:
The latest in an occasional series of posts on books I didn't finish and why I didn't
Title: Fowl Weather (Algonquin, 320 pp., $23.95), by Bob Tarte.
What it is: A Michigan writer's memoir of the country life he and his wife share with 39 birds, ducks, geese, rabbits, cats, rabbits and other creatures.
How much I read: The first seven and last two chapters (more than half the book).
Why I stopped reading: Fowl Weather didn't live up to its billing as having a "Dave Barry on a farm" sensibility. The authors of great animal stories – from James Herriot to John Grogan — leave no doubt that they love people as much as animals. Tarte often seems to love animals more than people. His humor tends to be cute or arch instead of witty and is sometimes mean-spirited, especially when he takes aim at the elderly. He writes of a frail gardener who wanted to work for him: "He wheezed like a cracked boiler as he staggered around the yard to appraise the work … I had an envelope that needed licking, but he left before I could suggest it."
Best line in what I read: Tarte describes a quartet of baby Baltimore orioles that he and his wife, Linda, rescued: "We both declared them to be our favorites of all the birds she'd raised. In stark contrast to the starlings – or even baby blue jays, which are unexpectedly well mannered – the orioles didn't shriek at feeding time. Nor did they flap frantically around inside their cage as starlings did, in the manner of bats swirling out of a cave. They waited for their turns like people in line at the savings and loan … And what a beauty a baby Baltimore oriole was, with its olive-brown head, barred black-and-white wings, an patch of burnt yellow on the breast."
Worst line in what I read: A description of one of Tarte's childhood neighbors: "Brink was the barely coherent old bore from the next block who had made a habit of sneaking up on my father while he was doing yard work and informing him, 'That's how I got my start,' as the launching point for a discussion about his sales career." In Fowl Weather animals typically get more sympathy than this.
Published: March 2007 www.bobtarte.com and www.algonquin.com. Fowl Weather is a sequel to Enslaved by Ducks (Algonquin, $12.95, paperback).
Consider reading instead: John Grogan's Marley and Me (Morrow, $21.95) www.marleyandme.com, the true story of a family's life with a wayward Labrador retriever, or Betty MacDonald's The Egg and I, a classic memoir of a young couple's struggle to raise chickens, made into a 1947 movie with Fred MacMurray and Claudette Colbert www.imdb.com.
© 2007 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Temporal na saklaw: Late Pliocene to Recent
|Katayuan ng pagpapanatili
|Klasipikasyong pang-agham
A. jubatus
|Pangalang binomial
|Acinonyx jubatus
(Schreber, 1775)
|Tipo ng espesye
|Acinonyx venator
See text.
|The range of the cheetah
Lead[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large feline (family Felidae, subfamily Felinae) inhabiting most of Africa and parts of Iran. It is the only extant member of the genus Acinonyx. The cheetah can run faster than any other land animal— as fast as 112 hanggang 120 km/h (70 hanggang 75 mph)[3][4][5][6][7][8] in short bursts covering distances up to 500 m (1,600 tal), and has the ability to accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in three seconds.[9] This cat is also notable for modifications in the species' paws. It is one of the few felids with semi-retractable claws.[10]
Etymology[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
The word "cheetah" is derived from the Sanskrit word citrakāyaḥ, meaning "variegated", from the Hindi 'चीता' (cītā).[11]
Genetics, evolution, and classification[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
The genus name, Acinonyx, means "no-move-claw" in Greek, while the species name, jubatus, means "maned" or "crested" in Latin, a reference to the dorsal crest found in cheetah cubs.[12]
The cheetah has unusually low genetic variability. This is accompanied by a very low sperm count, motility, and deformed flagella.[13] Skin grafts between unrelated cheetahs illustrate the former point, in that there is no rejection of the donor skin. It is thought that the species went through a prolonged period of inbreeding following a genetic bottleneck during the last ice age. This suggests that genetic monomorphism did not prevent the cheetah from flourishing across two continents for thousands of years.[14]
The cheetah likely evolved in Africa during the Miocene epoch (26 million to 7.5 million years ago), before migrating to Asia. Recent research has placed the last common ancestor of all existing populations as living in Asia 11 million years ago, which may lead to revision and refinement of existing ideas about cheetah evolution.[15]
The now-extinct species include: Acinonyx pardinensis (Pliocene epoch), much larger than the modern cheetah and found in Europe, India, and China; Acinonyx intermedius (mid-Pleistocene period), found over the same range. The extinct genus Miracinonyx was extremely cheetah-like, but recent DNA analysis has shown that Miracinonyx inexpectatus, Miracinonyx studeri, and Miracinonyx trumani (early to late Pleistocene epoch), found in North America and called the "North American cheetah" are not true cheetahs, instead being close relatives to the cougar.[16]
Subspecies[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Although many sources list six or more subspecies of cheetah, the taxonomic status of most of these subspecies is unresolved. Acinonyx rex—the king cheetah—was abandoned as a subspecies after it was discovered that the variation was caused by a single recessive gene. The subspecies Acinonyx jubatus guttatus, the woolly cheetah, may also have been a variation due to a recessive gene. Some of the most commonly recognized subspecies include:[17]
- Asiatic cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus): Asia (Afghanistan, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Russia). Current range is in Iran. Extinct in other Asian countries.
- Northwest African cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus hecki): Northwest Africa (Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Tunisia) and western Africa (Benin, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal)
- Acinonyx jubatus raineyii: eastern Africa (Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda)
- Acinonyx jubatus jubatus: southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Namibia)
- Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii: central Africa (Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Niger, and Sudan)
- Acinonyx jubatus velox
Description[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
The cheetah's chest is deep and its waist is narrow. The coarse, short fur of the cheetah is tan with round black spots measuring from 2 hanggang 3 cm (0.79 hanggang 1.18 pul) across, affording it some camouflage while hunting. There are no spots on its white underside, but the tail has spots, which merge to form four to six dark rings at the end. The tail usually ends in a bushy white tuft. The cheetah has a small head with high-set eyes. Black "tear marks" running from the corner of its eyes down the sides of the nose to its mouth keep sunlight out of its eyes and aid in hunting and seeing long distances. Its thin and fragile body make it well-suited to short bursts of high speed, but not to long-distance running.
Agility, rather than raw speed, accounts for much of the cheetah's ability to catch prey. Cheetahs can accelerate four times as fast as a human (thanks to greater muscle power) and can slow down by 14 kilometers per hour in one stride. They can hunt successfully in dense forests.[18]
The adult cheetah weighs from 21 hanggang 72 kg (46 hanggang 159 lb). Its total head-and-body length is from 110 hanggang 150 cm (43 hanggang 59 pul), while the tail can measure 60 hanggang 84 cm (24 hanggang 33 pul) in length.[19][20][21][22] Cheetahs are 66 hanggang 94 cm (26 hanggang 37 pul) tall at the shoulder. Males tend to be slightly larger than females and have slightly bigger heads, but there is not a great variation in cheetah sizes and it is difficult to tell males and females apart by appearance alone. Compared to a similarly sized leopard, the cheetah is generally shorter-bodied, but is longer tailed and taller (it averages about 90 cm (35 pul) tall) and so it appears more streamlined.
Some cheetahs have a rare fur pattern mutation of larger, blotchy, merged spots. Known as "king cheetahs," they were once thought to constitute a separate subspecies but are in fact African cheetahs; their unusual fur pattern is the result of a single recessive gene.[23] The "king cheetah" has only been seen in the wild a handful of times, but it has been bred in captivity.
The cheetah's paws have semi-retractable claws (known only in three other cat species: the fishing cat, the flat-headed cat and the Iriomote cat), offering extra grip in its high-speed pursuits. The ligament structure of the cheetah's claws is the same as those of other cats; it simply lacks the sheath of skin and fur present in other varieties, and therefore, with the exception of the dewclaw, the claws are always visible. The dewclaw is much shorter and straighter than that of other cats.
Adaptations that enable the cheetah to run as fast as it does include large nostrils that allow for increased oxygen intake, and an enlarged heart and lungs that work together to circulate oxygen efficiently. During a typical chase, its respiratory rate increases from 60 to 150 breaths per minute.[13] While running, in addition to having good traction due to its semi-retractable claws, the cheetah uses its tail as a rudder-like means of steering[kailangan ng sanggunian] to allow it to make sharp turns, necessary to outflank prey animals that often make such turns to escape.
Unlike true big cats of subfamily Pantherinae, the cheetah can purr as it inhales, but cannot roar. By contrast, the big cats can roar but cannot purr, except while exhaling. The cheetah is still considered by some to be the smallest of the big cats. While it is often mistaken for the leopard, the cheetah does have distinguishing features, such as the aforementioned long "tear-streak" lines that run from the corners of its eyes to its mouth, and spots that are not "rosettes". The thinner body frame of the cheetah is also very different from that of the leopard.
The cheetah is a vulnerable species. Of all the big cats, it is the least able to adapt to new environments. It has always proved difficult to breed in captivity, although recently a few zoos have managed to succeed at this. One technique has been to introduce a dog as a playmate and guard dog to enable a captive cheetah to feel less threatened.[24]
Once widely hunted for its fur, the cheetah now suffers more from the loss of both habitat and prey.
The cheetah was formerly considered to be particularly primitive among the cats and to have evolved approximately 18 million years ago. However, new research suggests the last common ancestor of all 40 existing species of felines lived more recently than about 11 million years ago. The same research indicates that the cheetah, while highly derived morphologically, is not of particularly ancient lineage, having separated from its closest living relatives (Puma concolor, the cougar, and Puma yaguarondi, the jaguarundi) around five million years ago.[16] These felids have not changed appreciably since they first appeared in the fossil record.
Morphs and variations[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
King cheetah[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
The king cheetah is a rare mutation of the cheetah characterized by a distinct fur pattern. It was first noted in what was then Southern Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe) in 1926. In 1927, the naturalist Reginald Innes Pocock declared it a separate species, but reversed this decision in 1939 due to lack of evidence; but in 1928, a skin purchased by Walter Rothschild was found to be intermediate in pattern between the king cheetah and spotted cheetah and Abel Chapman considered it to be a color form of the spotted cheetah. Twenty-two such skins were found between 1926 and 1974. Since 1927, the king cheetah was reported five more times in the wild. Although strangely marked skins had come from Africa, a live king cheetah was not photographed until 1974 in South Africa's Kruger National Park. Cryptozoologists Paul and Lena Bottriell photographed one during an expedition in 1975. They also managed to obtain stuffed specimens. It appeared larger than a spotted cheetah and its fur had a different texture. There was another wild sighting in 1986—the first in seven years. By 1987, thirty-eight specimens had been recorded, many from pelts.
Its species status was resolved in 1981 when king cheetahs were born at the De Wildt Cheetah and Wildlife Centre in South Africa. In May 1981, two spotted sisters gave birth there and each litter contained one king cheetah. The sisters had both mated with a wild-caught male from the Transvaal area (where king cheetahs had been recorded). Further king cheetahs were later born at the Centre. It has been known to exist in Zimbabwe, Botswana and in the northern part of South Africa's Transvaal province.
In 2012, the cause of this alternative coat pattern was found to be a mutation in the gene for transmembrane aminopeptidase Q (Taqpep), the same gene responsible for the striped 'mackerel' versus blotchy 'classic' patterning seen in tabby cats.[25] The mutation is recessive and must be inherited from both parents for this pattern to appear, which is one reason why it is so rare.
Other color variations[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Other rare color morphs of the species include speckles, melanism, albinism and gray coloration. Most have been reported in Indian cheetahs, particularly in captive specimens kept for hunting.
The Mughal Emperor of India, Jahangir, recorded having a white cheetah presented to him in 1608. In the memoirs of Tuzk-e-Jahangiri, the Emperor, says that in the third year of his reign, "Raja Bir Singh Deo brought a white cheetah to show me. Although other sorts of creatures, both birds and beasts have white varieties ... I had never seen a white cheetah. Its spots, which are (usually) black, were of a blue color, and the whiteness of the body also inclined to bluishness." This suggests a chinchilla mutation which restricts the amount of pigment on the hair shaft. Although the spots were formed of black pigment, the less dense pigmentation gives a hazy, grayish effect. As well as Jahangir's white cheetah at Agra, a report of "incipient albinism" has come from Beaufort West according to Guggisberg.
In a letter to "Nature in East Africa", H. F. Stoneham reported a melanistic cheetah (black with ghost markings) in the Trans-Nzoia District of Kenya in 1925. Vesey Fitzgerald saw a melanistic cheetah in Zambia in the company of a spotted cheetah. Red (erythristic) cheetahs have dark tawny spots on a golden background. Cream (isabelline) cheetahs have pale red spots on a pale background. Some desert region cheetahs are unusually pale; probably they are better-camouflaged and therefore better hunters and more likely to breed and pass on their paler colouration. Blue (Maltese or grey) cheetahs have variously been described as white cheetahs with grey-blue spots (chinchilla) or pale grey cheetahs with darker grey spots (Maltese mutation). A cheetah with hardly any spots was shot in Tanzania in 1921 (Pocock); it had only a few spots on the neck and back, and these were unusually small. Another cheetah with this color-morph was photographed in Kenya in 2012.[26]
Range and habitat[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
There are several geographically isolated populations of cheetah, all of which are found in Africa or southwestern Asia. A small population (estimated at about fifty) survive in the Khorasan Province of Iran, where conservationists are taking steps to protect them.[27]
It is possible, though doubtful, that some cheetahs remain in India.[kailangan ng sanggunian] There have also been several unconfirmed reports of Asiatic Cheetahs in the Balochistan province of Pakistan, with at least one dead animal being discovered recently.[28]
The cheetah thrives in areas with vast expanses of land where prey is abundant. The cheetah likes to live in an open biotope, such as semidesert, prairie, and thick brush, though it can be found in a variety of habitats. In Namibia, for example, it lives in grasslands, savannahs, areas of dense vegetation, and mountainous terrain.
In much of its former range, the cheetah was tamed by aristocrats and used to hunt antelopes in much the same way as is still done with members of the greyhound group of dogs.
Reproduction and behavior[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Females reach maturity in twenty to twenty-four months, and males around twelve months (although they do not usually mate until at least three years old), and mating occurs throughout the year. A study of cheetahs in the Serengeti showed females are sexually promiscuous and often have cubs by many different males.[29]
Females give birth to up to nine cubs after a gestation period of ninety to ninety-eight days, although the average litter size is four. Cubs weigh from 150 hanggang 300 g (5.3 hanggang 10.6 oz) at birth. Unlike some other cats, the cheetah is born with its characteristic spots. Cubs are also born with a downy underlying fur on their necks, called a mantle, extending to mid-back. This gives them a mane or Mohawk-type appearance; this fur is shed as the cheetah grows older. It has been speculated this mane gives a cheetah cub the appearance of the honey badger (ratel), to scare away potential aggressors.[30] Cubs leave their mother between thirteen and twenty months after birth. Life span is up to twelve years in the wild, but up to twenty years in captivity.
Unlike males, females are solitary and tend to avoid each other, though some mother/daughter pairs have been known to be formed for small periods of time. The cheetah has a unique, well-structured social order. Females live alone, except when they are raising cubs and they raise their cubs on their own. The first eighteen months of a cub's life are important; cubs must learn many lessons, because survival depends on knowing how to hunt wild prey species and avoid other predators. At eighteen months, the mother leaves the cubs, who then form a sibling ("sib") group that will stay together for another six months. At about two years, the female siblings leave the group, and the young males remain together for life.
Territories[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Males[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Males are often social and may group together for life, usually with their brothers in the same litter; although if a cub is the only male in the litter then two or three lone males may form a group, or a lone male may join an existing group. These groups are called coalitions. In one Serengeti, 41% of the adult males were solitary, 40% lived in pairs and 19% lived in trios.[31]
A coalition is six times more likely to obtain an animal territory than a lone male, although studies have shown that coalitions keep their territories just as long as lone males— between four to four and a half years.
Males are territorial. Females' home ranges can be very large and a territory including several females' ranges is impossible to defend. Instead, males choose the points at which several of the females' home ranges overlap, creating a much smaller space, which can be properly defended against intruders while maximizing the chance of reproduction. Coalitions will try their best to maintain territories to find females with whom they will mate. The size of the territory also depends on the available resources; depending on the part of Africa, the size of a male's territory can vary greatly from 37 hanggang 160 km2 (14 hanggang 62 mi kuw).
Males mark their territory by urinating on objects that stand out, such as trees, logs, or termite mounds. When male cheetahs urine-mark their territories, they stand less than one meter away from a tree or rock surface with the tail raised, pointing the penis either horizontally backward or 60° upward.[32] The whole coalition contributes to the scent.[further explanation needed] Males will attempt to kill any intruders, and fights result in serious injury or death.[33]
Females[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Unlike males and other felines, females do not establish territories. Instead, the area they live in is termed a home range. These overlap with other females' home ranges, often those of their daughters, mothers, or sisters. Females always hunt alone, although cubs will accompany their mothers to learn to hunt once they reach the age of five to six weeks.
The size of a home range depends entirely on the availability of prey. Cheetahs in southern African woodlands have ranges as small as 34 km2 (13 mi kuw), while in some parts of Namibia they can reach 1,500 km2 (580 mi kuw).
Vocalizations[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
The cheetah cannot roar, but ranks among the more vocal felids. Several sources refer to a wide variety of cheetah vocalizations, but most of these lack a detailed acoustic description which makes it difficult to reliably assess exactly what terms refer to exactly what vocalizations. A short review of the terminology encountered is found in.[34] Some of the vocalizations listed in the literature are:
- Chirping: When a cheetah attempts to find another, or a mother tries to locate her cubs, it uses a high-pitched barking called chirping. The chirps made by a cheetah cub sound more like a bird chirping, and so are termed chirping, too.
- Churring or stuttering: This vocalization is emitted by a cheetah during social meetings. A churr can be seen as a social invitation to other cheetahs, an expression of interest, uncertainty, or appeasement or during meetings with the opposite sex (although each sex churrs for different reasons).
- Growling: This vocalization is often accompanied by hissing and spitting and is exhibited by the cheetah during annoyance, or when faced with danger.
- Yowling: This is an escalated version of growling, usually displayed when danger worsens.
- Agonistic vocalizations: a combination of growls, moans, hisses and the "trademark" cheetah spit, which is most often accompanied by a forceful "paw hit" on the ground.[34]
- Purring: This is made when the cheetah is content, usually during pleasant social meetings (mostly between cubs and their mothers). A characteristic of purring is that it is realized on both egressive and ingressive airstream, as seen and heard on online video and audio.[35][36][37][38][39][40]
Diet and hunting[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
The cheetah is a carnivore, eating mostly mammals under 40 kg (88 lb), including the Thomson's gazelle, the Grant's gazelle, the springbok, impala and the Wildebeest. The young of larger mammals such as wildebeests and zebras are taken at times, and adults too, when cheetahs hunt in groups. Guineafowl and hares are also prey. While the other big cats often hunt by night, the cheetah is a diurnal hunter. It hunts usually either early in the morning or later in the evening when it is not so hot, but there is still enough light.
The cheetah hunts by vision rather than by scent. Prey is stalked to within 10–30 m (33–98 tal), then chased. This is usually over in less than a minute, and if the cheetah fails to make a catch quickly, it will give up. The cheetah has an average hunting success rate of around 50%.[13] Cheetahs can run at a very high speed. In just two seconds they can run at a speed of 75 kilometers per hour. Means at a speed of 37.5 kilometers per hour in just one seconds.[41] The top speed of cheetah estimately recorded at 90 to 128 kilometers per hour. But there are some disputes between them. But cheetahs refused to run when their body temperature reaches at 40.5°C.
Running at very high speeds puts a great deal of strain on the cheetah's body. When sprinting, the cheetah's body temperature quickly elevates. If it is a hard chase, it sometimes needs to rest for half an hour or more.
The cheetah kills its prey by tripping it during the chase, then biting it on the underside of the throat to suffocate it; the cheetah is not strong enough to break the necks of most prey. The bite may also puncture a vital artery in the neck. Then the cheetah proceeds to devour its catch as quickly as possible before the kill is taken by stronger predators.
Data from 367 runs by three female and two male adults, with an average run distance of 173 m, showed that hunting cheetahs can run 58 miles (93 km) per hour.[42][43] A recent study that followed 5 African cheetahs indicated that cheetahs relied most heavily on acceleration. Most chases involved extreme maneuverability more than speed. The study indicated that cheetahs seemed to rarely run close to 60 mph or more; on most hunts they reached 30 to 35 mph, but they accelerated and changed direction much more rapidly than any other land animal.[44]
The diet of a cheetah is dependent upon the area in which it lives. For example, on the East African plains, its preferred prey is the Thomson's gazelle. This small antelope is smaller and slower than the cheetah, which makes it an appropriate prey. Cheetahs look for individuals which have strayed some distance from their group, and do not necessarily seek out old or weak ones.
Interspecific predatory relationships[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Despite their speed and hunting prowess, cheetahs are largely outranked by other large predators in most of their range. Because they have evolved for short bursts of extreme speed at the expense of their power, they cannot defend themselves against most of Africa's other predator species. They usually avoid fighting and will surrender a kill immediately to even a single hyena, rather than risk injury. Because cheetahs rely on their speed to obtain their meals, any injury that slows them down could essentially be life-threatening.
A cheetah has a 50% chance of losing its kill to other predators.[13] Cheetahs avoid competition by hunting at different times of the day and by eating immediately after the kill. Due to the reduction in habitat in Africa, cheetahs in recent years have faced greater pressure from other native African predators as available range declines.[kailangan ng sanggunian]
The cheetah's mortality is very high during the early weeks of its life; up to 90% of cheetah cubs are killed during this time by lions, leopards, hyenas, wild dogs, or even by eagles. Cheetah cubs often hide in thick brush for safety. Mother cheetahs will defend their young and are at times successful in driving predators away from their cubs. Coalitions of male cheetahs can also chase away other predators, depending on the coalition size and the size and number of the predator. Because of its speed, a healthy adult cheetah has few enemies.[45]
Relationship with humans[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Economic importance[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Cheetah fur was formerly regarded as a status symbol. Today, cheetahs have a growing economic importance for ecotourism and they are also found in zoos. White Oak Conservation in Yulee, Florida, which maintains a significant population of cheetahs, has cited that captive management presents challenges because of health, nutrition and socialization of the cats, but that these have been overcome through collaborations among wildlife facilities.[46]
Cheetahs are far less aggressive than other felids and can be tamed, so cubs are sometimes illegally sold as pets.[kailangan ng sanggunian]
Cheetahs were formerly, and sometimes still are, hunted because many farmers believe that they eat livestock. When the species came under threat, numerous campaigns were launched to try to educate farmers and encourage them to conserve cheetahs. Recent evidence has shown that cheetahs will not attack and eat livestock if they can avoid doing so, as they prefer their wild prey. However, they have no problem with including farmland as part of their territory, leading to conflict.
Taming[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Ancient Egyptians often kept cheetahs as pets, and also tamed and trained them for hunting. (But not domesticated i.e., bred under human control.) Cheetahs would be taken to hunting fields in low-sided carts or by horseback, hooded and blindfolded, and kept on leashes while dogs flushed out their prey. When the prey was near enough, the cheetahs would be released and their blindfolds removed. This tradition was passed on to the ancient Persians and brought to India, where the practice was continued by Indian princes into the twentieth century. Cheetahs continued to be associated with royalty and elegance, their use as pets spreading just as their hunting skills were. Other such princes and kings kept them as pets, including Genghis Khan and Charlemagne, who boasted of having kept cheetahs within their palace grounds. Akbar the Great, ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1556 to 1605, kept as many as 1,000 cheetahs.[13] As recently as the 1930s, the Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, was often photographed leading a cheetah by a leash. Cheetahs are still tamed in the modern world. One example is Burmani who has been raised in England at Eagle Heights wild animal park from the age of three months. He was bred in a deer park in Germany. He is so tame that he has lost his hunting instinct.[47]
Conservation status[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Cheetah cubs have a high mortality rate due to predation by other carnivores, such as the lion and hyena, and perhaps genetic factors. It has been suggested that the low genetic diversity of cheetahs is a cause of poor sperm, birth defects, cramped teeth, curled tails, and bent limbs. Some biologists even believe that they are too inbred to flourish as a species.[48] Note, however, that they lost most of their genetic diversity thousands of years ago (see the beginning of this article), and yet seem to have only been in decline in the last century or so, suggesting factors other than genetics are mainly responsible.
Cheetahs are included on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) list of vulnerable species (African subspecies threatened, Asiatic subspecies in critical situation) as well as on the US Endangered Species Act: threatened species - Appendix I of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). Approximately 12,400 cheetahs remain in the wild in twenty-five African countries; Namibia has the most, with about 2,500. Another fifty to sixty critically endangered Asiatic cheetahs are thought to remain in Iran. There have been successful breeding programs, including the use of in vitro fertilisation, in zoos around the world.
Founded in Namibia in 1990, the Cheetah Conservation Fund's mission is to be the world's resource charged with protecting the cheetah and to ensure its future. The organization works with all stakeholders within the cheetah's ecosystem to develop best practices in research, education and ecology and create a sustainable model from which all other species, including people, will benefit.
The South African Cheetah Conservation Foundation has close links and assists in training and sharing program successes with other countries where cheetahs live, including Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Iran and Algeria. The organization's international program includes distributing materials, lending resources and support, and providing training through Africa and the rest of the world.
Re-introduction project in India[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
Cheetahs have been known to exist in India for a very long time, but as a result of hunting and other causes, cheetahs have been extinct in India since the 1940s. A captive propagation project has been proposed. Minister of Environment and Forests Jairam Ramesh told the Rajya Sabha on 7 July 2009, "The cheetah is the only animal that has been described extinct in India in the last 100 years. We have to get them from abroad to repopulate the species." He was responding to a call for attention from Rajiv Pratap Rudy of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). "The plan to bring back the cheetah, which fell to indiscriminate hunting and complex factors like a fragile breeding pattern is audacious given the problems besetting tiger conservation." Two naturalists, Divya Bhanusinh and MK Ranjit Singh, suggested importing cheetahs from Africa, after which they will be bred in captivity and, in time, released in the wild.[49]
In popular culture[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
- In Titian's Bacchus and Ariadne (1523), the god's chariot is borne by cheetahs (which were used as hunting animals in Renaissance Italy). Cheetahs were often associated with the god Dionysus, whom the Romans called Bacchus.
- George Stubbs' Cheetah with Two Indian Attendants and a Stag (1764–1765) also shows the cheetah as a hunting animal and commemorates the gift of a cheetah to George III by the English Governor of Madras, Sir George Pigot
- The Caress (1896), by the Belgian symbolist painter Fernand Khnopff (1858–1921), is a representation of the myth of Oedipus and the Sphinx and portrays a creature with a woman's head and a cheetah's body (often misidentified as a leopard's).
- André Mercier's Our Friend Yambo (1961) is a curious biography of a cheetah adopted by a French couple and brought to live in Paris. It is seen as a French answer to Born Free (1960), whose author, Joy Adamson, produced a cheetah biography of her own, The Spotted Sphinx (1969).
- Hussein, An Entertainment, a novel by Patrick O'Brian set in India of the British Raj period, illustrates the practice of royalty keeping and training cheetahs to hunt antelopes.
- The book How It Was with Dooms tells the true story of a family raising an orphaned cheetah cub named Duma (the Swahili word for cheetah) in Kenya. The films Cheetah (1989) and Duma (2005) were both loosely based on this book.
- Similarly, Roger Hunt successfully tames a cheetah in Willard Price's Safari Adventure, after rescuing it from an elephant pit trap. The cheetah soon befriends a German shepherd dog called Zulu.
- The animated series ThunderCats had a main character who was an anthropomorphic cheetah named Cheetara.
- In 1986 Frito-Lay introduced an anthropomorphic cheetah, Chester Cheetah, as the mascot for their Cheetos.
- Harold and Kumar Go to White Castle has a subplot involving an escaped cheetah, which later smokes cannabis with the pair and allows them to ride it.
- Comic book superheroine Wonder Woman's chief adversary is Dr. Barbara Ann Minerva, alias The Cheetah.
- On the CGI animated show Beast Wars: Transformers, Cheetor, one of the main characters on the Maximal faction, had the beast form of a cheetah. This was also carried over as the beast form of the Cheetor Hasbro transformer.
- The Japanese anime Damekko Dōbutsu features a clumsy but sweet-natured cheetah named Chiiko.
- The first release of Apple Inc.'s Mac OS X was code-named "Cheetah", which set the pattern for the subsequent releases being named after big cats.
- In Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light the character Witterquick as the totem of a Cheetah and could turn into one.
- Titled "Hunting at 60 mph", the PlayStation 3 game Afrika features a Cheetah hunting a gazelle as the game's first "big game hunt".
References[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
- ↑ Wozencraft, W.C. (2005). "Order Carnivora". Sa Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (mga pat.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (ika-3rd (na) edisyon). Johns Hopkins University Press. pa. 532–533. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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- ↑ Bauer, H., Belbachir, F., Durant, S., Hunter, L., Marker, L., Packer, K. & Purchase, N. (2008). Acinonyx jubatus. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2008. Hinango noong 9 October 2008.
- ↑ Sharp, N. C. (1997). "Timed running speed of a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)". Journal of Zoology, London. 241 (3): 493–494. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1997.tb04840.x.
{{cite journal}}: May mga blangkong unknown parameter ang cite:
- ↑ Milton Hildebrand (1959). "Motions of Cheetah and Horse". Journal of Mammalogy. 40 (4): 481–495. doi:10.2307/1376265. JSTOR 1376265. [patay na link] Although according to Cheetah, Luke Hunter and Dave Hamman, (Struik Publishers, 2003), pp. 37–38, the cheetah's fastest recorded speed was 110 km/h (68 mph).
- ↑ Carwardine, Mark (2008). Animal Records. New York: Sterling. pa. 43. ISBN 978-1-4027-5623-8.
- ↑ Sears, Edward S. (2001). Running Through the Ages. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. pa. 5. ISBN 978-0-7864-0971-6.
- ↑ Smith, Roff (2 August 2012). "Cheetah Breaks Speed Record—Beats Usain Bolt by Seconds". National Geographic Daily News. National Geographic Society.
- ↑ "Speed sensation". Nature Video Collections. BBC Nature.
- ↑ "Cheetah fast facts". Zoological Society of London. Nakuha noong 5 June 2013.
- ↑ "Cheetah Fact Sheet". Cheetah.org. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ cheetah (n.d.). The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Nakuha noong 2007-04-16.
- ↑ "Acinonyx jubatus". Cat Specialist Group. Nakuha noong 6 May 2014.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 O'Brien, S., D. Wildt, M. Bush (1986). "The Cheetah in Genetic Peril". Scientific American. 254: 68–76.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link)
- ↑ Young, T.P. and A.H. Harcourt (1997). "Viva Caughley!". Conservation Biology. 11: 831–832. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.011004831.x.
- ↑ Johnson, W. E., E. Eizirik, J. Pecon-Slattery, W. J. Murphy, A. Antunes, E. Teeling, S. J. O'Brien (2006). "The Late Miocene Radiation of Modern Felidae: A Genetic Assessment". Science. 311 (5757): 73–77. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link)
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Mattern, M. Y., D. A. McLennan (2000). "Phylogeny and Speciation of Felids". Cladistics. 16 (2): 232–253. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link)
- ↑ Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., mga pat. (2005). Mammal Species of the World (ika-3rd (na) edisyon). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
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- ↑ "Agility, Not Speed, Puts Cheetahs Ahead". Science. 340: 1271. 14 June 2013. doi:10.1126/science.340.6138.1271-b.
- ↑ "Cheetah". Animal Info. 2006-03-21. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ Boitani, Luigi, Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), ISBN 978-0-671-42805-1
- ↑ "Cheetahs, Cheetah Pictures, Cheetah Facts - National Geographic". Animals.nationalgeographic.com. 2012-10-25. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. DK Adult (2005), ISBN 0-7894-7764-5
- ↑ "King Cheetah Fur Pattern Mutation". Cheetahspot.com. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ "Dogs used to calm skittish cheetahs". DailyHerald.com. 2013-02-16. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ Kaelin CB, Xu X, Hong LZ, David VA, McGowan KA, Schmidt-Küntzel A, Roelke ME, Pino J, Pontius J, Cooper GM, Manuel H, Swanson WF, Marker L, Harper CK, van Dyk A, Yue Bisong, Mullikin JC, Warren WC, Eizirik E, Kos L, O'Brien SJ, Barsh GS, Menotti-Raymond M (2012). "Specifying and Sustaining Pigmentation Patterns in Domestic and Wild Cats". Science. 337 (6101): 1536–1541. doi:10.1126/science.1220893. PMID 22997338.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link)
- ↑ "The lesser-spotted cheetah: Rare big cat without traditional markings sighted in wild for first time in nearly 100 years". Daily Mail. London. 2012-04-25. Nakuha noong 2013-03-06.
- ↑ "Asiatic Cheetah". Wild About Cats. Nakuha noong 2007-12-07.
- ↑ "Asiatic Cheetah". WWF-Pakistan. Nakuha noong 2007-12-07.
- ↑ "Scandal on the Serengeti: New light has been shed on the extent of female cheetahs' unfaithfulness to their male partners". inthenews.co.uk. May 30, 2007. Nakuha noong 2007-12-07.
- ↑ Eaton, Randall L. (1976) A Possible Case of Mimicry in Larger Mammals. Evolution 30(4):853-856 doi 10.2307/2407827
- ↑ Richard Estes, foreword by Edward Osborne Wilson (1991) The Behavior Guide to African Mammals. University of California Press. Page 371.
- ↑ T. M. Caro (15 August 1994). Cheetahs of the Serengeti Plains: Group Living in an Asocial Species. University of Chicago Press. pa. 203–. ISBN 978-0-226-09433-5. Nakuha noong 21 March 2013.
- ↑ MacMillan, Dianne. Cheetahs. Books.google.com. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Robert Eklund. "Eklund, Peters, Weise & Munro (2012)" (PDF). Roberteklund.info. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ Robert Eklund. "Robert Eklund's Ingressive Phonation and Speech Page". Ingressivespeech.info. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ Robert Eklund. "Robert Eklund's Homepage". Roberteklund.info. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ Robert Eklund. "– The felid purring site". Purring.org. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ Robert Eklund. "Eklund, Peters & Duthie (2010)" (PDF). Roberteklund.info. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ Robert Eklund. "Eklund, Peters, Weise & Munro (2012)" (PDF). Roberteklund.info. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ Robert Eklund. "Eklund & Peters (2013)" (PDF). roberteklund.info. Nakuha noong 2013-03-30.
- ↑ "Wild Cats of the World" - by Mel Sunquist and Fiona Sunquist
- ↑ RVC Press Office (13 June 2013). "Groundbreaking RVC research shows wild cheetah reaching speeds of up to 58mph during a hunt". rvc.ac.uk. Royal Veterinary College, University of London. Nakuha noong 2013-06-16.
- ↑ Wilson AM, Lowe JC, Roskilly K, Hudson PE, Golabek KA, McNutt JW (2013). "Locomotion dynamics of hunting in wild cheetahs". Nature. 498 (7453): 185–189. doi:10.1038/nature12295. PMID 23765495.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link)
- ↑ "Cheetah tracking study reveals incredible acceleration". BBC News. 2013-06-12.
- ↑ M. W. Hayward, M. Hofmeyr, J. O'Brien & G. I. H. Kerley (2006). "Prey preferences of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) (Felidae: Carnivora): morphological limitations or the need to capture rapidly consumable prey before kleptoparasites arrive?". Journal of Zoology. 270 (4): 615. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00184.x.
{{cite journal}}: Kailangan ng
|url=(tulong)CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link)
- ↑ "Cheetah". Nakuha noong 21 June 2013.
- ↑ Fieldsports Britain. "Fieldsports Britain : Rabbits with a cheetah in Essex, grouse and". fieldsportschannel.tv. Nakuha noong 30 October 2012.
- ↑ Gugliotta, Guy (February 2008). "Rare Breed". Smithsonian Magazine. Nakuha noong 2008-03-07.
{{cite web}}: Bawal ang italic o bold markup sa:
- ↑ The Times of India, Thursday, July 9, 2009, p. 11.
Sources[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
- Great Cats, Majestic Creatures of the Wild, ed. John Seidensticker, illus. Frank Knight, (Rodale Press, 1991), ISBN 0-87857-965-6
- Cheetah, Katherine (or Kathrine) & Karl Ammann, Arco Pub, (1985), ISBN 0-668-06259-2.
- Cheetah (Big Cat Diary), Jonathan Scott, Angela Scott, (HarperCollins, 2005), ISBN 0-00-714920-4
- Science (vol 311, p 73)
- Cheetah, Luke Hunter and Dave Hamman, (Struik Publishers, 2003), ISBN 1-86872-719-X
- Allsen, Thomas T. (2006). "Natural History and Cultural History: The Circulation of Hunting Leopards in Eurasia, Seventh-Seventeenth Centuries." In: Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World. Ed. Victor H. Mair. University of Hawai'i Press. Pp. 116–135. ISBN ISBN 978-0-8248-2884-4; ISBN ISBN 0-8248-2884-4
- Eklund, Robert & Gustav Peters. 2013. A comparative acoustic analysis of purring in juvenile, subadult and adult cheetahs. In: Robert Eklund (editor.), Proceedings of Fonetik 2013, the XXVIth Swedish Phonetics Conference, Studies in Language and Culture, no. 21, ISBN 978-91-7519-582-7, eISBN 978-91-7519-579-7, ISSN 1403-2570, pp. 25–28.
- Eklund, Robert, Gustav Peters & Elizabeth D. Duthie. 2010 (third edition). An acoustic analysis of purring in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Proceedings of Fonetik 2010, Lund University, 2–4 June 2010, Lund, Sweden, pp. 17–22. Download from [1] or [2].
- Gus Mills, M. G. L. Mills, Martin Harvey (2005). African Predators. Struik. ISBN 1-77007-220-9.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: mga may-akda (link)
- Gus Mills (1998). Big Cats and Other African Carnivores. Struik. ISBN 1-86825-920-X.
Further reading[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
- Caro, T. M. (1994). Cheetahs of the Serengeti Plains: group living in an asocial species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-09433-2.
External links[baguhin | baguhin ang wikitext]
- Bluemask/burador/Cheetah sa Encyclopedia of Life
- Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography for Acinonyx jubatus
- Cheetah Conservation Fund
- Save China's Tigers to Fund Wild Cat Conservation Worldwide
- De Wildt Cheetah and Wildlife Trust
- On the Chase With Cheetahs - slideshow by Life magazine
- Fake Flies and Cheating Cheetahs: measuring the speed of a cheetah
- Mutant Cheetahs: information on color variants of cheetahs
- 110km/h Cheetah attack gazelle Video showing cheetah's speed, running mechanics, and hyenas stealing a cheetah's prey.


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20 Ideas for Family Picture Displays
Family history
Kids or grandkids, parents or grandparents. We all have a personal history in the form of family photographs that we want to show off.Here, pictures cover two walls flanking a sunny window seat. Read on to see more creative ways to show off your cherished mug shots.
Art on an easel
When a photo doubles as art, treat it as such: Clip it to an easel.
Shadow box
A small collage of family pictures fills this charming hanging shadow box.
Under glass
Behind glass doesn't have to mean in a frame. Here, copies of favorite photos adorn clear glass containers of various shape and size. This method means seasonal displays are simple: Santa with the kids for the holidays. Beach vacation snapshots in summer.
Repurposed rack
A wooden drying rack on the wall and a large spool of twine serve as photo holders in a Nebraska farmhouse.
Big and bold
Flanking a blowup of a child's portrait with dramatic drapes amps the impact.
Mix it up
A mismatched assortment of frames - different sizes, shapes and weights -- unified with a coat of white paint make for an eye-catching arrangement. Unexpected elements add whimsy.
Draw the eye
Crown the stair landing with a grouping of pictures to draw eyes up. Or line the stairwell with pics. For a cottagey look, mix up frame style, size and color.
Eliminate mats
Because glass replaces mats on most of these photos, the wall color shows through, creating graphic impact.
Molding treatment
Picture molding doesn't have to support just artist's work. Molding unifies this sweet arrangement of photos.
Line 'em up
Black-and-white photos hung in a row echo the linear quality of the architecture. Follow the lines in your house for the same effect.
Petite perches
Set tiny shots on diminutive perches. These copies of treasured photos were attached to decorative plates that act as frames. You could also hang them on the wall with plate hangers.
Wrap a room
Crown a room in photos framed and matted the same way. This treatment marches your eye around the room.
Frameworks unify
Disparate-style photos-color, black-and-white, vacation, portrait-come together for a cohesive look when unified via the frames.
Frame within a frame
Heirloom pics make big impact when centered in multiple frames. The large, golden frames draw all eyes to the miniature portrait.
Stick with a classic
The warmth of a hearth echoes the feeling of family, so mantels are a natural home for photos.
Compose a grouping
Photos hang on the wall from lengths of ribbon and adorn the lampshade and pillows. Use photo transfer paper (available at crafts stores) to apply photos to fabric that is then used to make pillows or quilts.
Time capsule
Make a large copy of a favorite photo so that it fills the face of a clock kit (available at crafts stores). Follow manufacturer's directions to assemble.
A multitude of snapshots gathered in one spot garner the attention the mementos deserve.
Framed again
Stock trim pieces create the impression of a paneled wall, which further frames this geometrical grouping of portraits.


text:
Gift ideas for the traveler on your list
Travel is fun once you reach your destination, but being away from home, getting through airport security and enduring long trips can be stressful.
No wonder, then, when you ask, "What's a good gift for travelers?" the answer is often related to comfort and convenience. Here are some ideas for holiday gifts that make travel more pleasant, whether the traveler in your life is a frequent-flying sales manager or a bus-riding student.
For music lovers, how about upgrading flimsy earbuds to a set of headphones? Bose noise-cancelling Quiet Comfort headphones, at a pricey $300, have been a top pick among travelers for years, but Consumer Reports also gives high ratings to many models under $100, including headphones from Able Planet, JVC and Audio-Technica.
Is there a neck-pillow junkie in your life? You know who they are: They keep neck pillows stashed in bags and glove compartments in all sizes, colors and styles, from inflatable to bead-filled. Consider a new addition to the collection in the form of a neck pillow with built-in speakers. Mic Anderson, an agent with The Magic for Less Travel agency, bought one for about $25 for her 14-year-old daughter Sarah from a kiosk at the Minneapolis-St. Paul airport, and it was a hit.
"It plugs into your MP3 player or iPod," said Sarah. "I use it on car trips and plane rides, and I also use it in my room a lot." The speakers are inside the U-shaped pillow so they sit beneath your chin on either side. Sarah says you can hear the music without disturbing the person sitting next to you, which her mom confirms.
Carol Gundrum, who also works for The Magic for Less, asked fellow travel agents for gift ideas and packing cubes were one of the top suggestions. Typically made from lightweight fabrics with zippers, packing cubes come in various sizes designed to fit inside luggage. Fans say they help compress clothing so you can fit more in, but just as important, they make it easy to organize belongings. Socks and underwear might go in one cube, shirts in another, shoes in a third so they don't get clothing dirty.
Cubes also can be filled with nonwearables like electronics, books and papers or beauty products. If checked luggage exceeds weight restrictions, a cube can be removed — some come with small hooks or handles — and carried.
Packing cubes are available from various retailers but one popular brand is from www.eBags.com. "The packing cubes are our No. 1 bestselling product out of 50,000 on eBags.com," said eBags cofounder Peter Cobb. In various colors, with mesh windows for breathability and visibility, they range from less than $20 for a set of three in small and slim sizes to less than $30 for a large set of three.
Gift ideas abound on the www.3floz.com website, which sells health, beauty and grooming products in sizes approved for carry-on air travel. Click on "products" to see the company's list of "bestsellers," like the Air Repair skin care kit, which includes cleansers and moisturizers, $39; garment care items like The Laundress Crease Release spray, $8; toothpastes and fold-up toothbrush in the Go Smile kit, $12, and a Malin+Goetz bag of six products including shampoo, conditioner and body wash, $30.
Nifty travel products from Flight 001, which has brick-and-mortar stores as well as a website, include lightweight yet sturdy containers for liquids that can be collapsed, rolled up and tucked in your bag when not in use, then filled as needed. Flight 001's Bubi bottle, $30, 22 ounces and in four colors, can be used for hot or cold beverages, and it's safe for dishwashers, microwaves and freezers. It's perfect for travelers who like the idea of a refillable water bottle that won't take up a lot of room when empty.
Show a little love for the lower leg: For air travelers, socks with treads, soft washable slippers or compression socks (which need not be surgical strength — take a look at athletic brands like Saucony's AMP PRO2 socks, $38 online) can make flights more bearable.
For those with short legs (or anyone who wants a lift underfoot while seated), the travel supply company www.Magellans.com sells three types of portable footrests. Two are fold-up styles made from sturdy lightweight plastic, $25 and $29.50, but Magellan's bestselling footrest is a cozy inflatable cushion that folds flat, $29.50.
There's no end to gadgets that travelers love, from iPods, iPads and Kindles to chargers that can power electronics on the go, including battery-powered and solar-powered chargers that work even when you have no access to an electric outlet. In online reviews, some consumers have lauded iGo Everywhere chargers as a one-stop-shopping device for powering all kinds of electronics on a trip, though you need to attach different tips to connect different gadgets. The iGo charger can be plugged into a wall or car.
Samantha Gizerian, who teaches at Washington State University, recently found herself in an airport wishing she had a "tiny, retractable extension cord. Airport plugs are often in the weirdest places, and having a handy extension cord makes more of them accessible for recharging and not holding your phone six feet in the air," she said, adding, "Looking at you Las Vegas Terminal B!"
Finally, here's a way to help travelers de-stress while en route: a gift card for XpresSpa, which offers manicures, pedicures, haircuts, facials, shaves, massages and other services at 46 airport spas. Pricing varies by location, but in most places, $25 covers a manicure and $50, a massage. Gift cards can be purchased online at www.XpresSpa.com.


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College notebook: Josie McKee chasing national diving berth
A strong start to the season has Josie McKee setting her sights on the NCAA Division II Championships in March — and a return to Ohio.
The sophomore from Jackson High School is a standout diver with the University of West Florida women's swim team. At the recent Emory (Ga.) Diving Invitational, McKee earned the right to compete in the qualifier prior to the NCAA Championships in both the one-meter (407.30) and three-meter (421.40) dives.
And last weekend at the three-day Delta State Christmas Invitational in Cleveland, Miss., she bettered both those marks — winning the one-meter with a pool-record 452.29 and the three-meter with a 462.60.
"It's exciting to have a diver qualify this early in the season," diving coach Barbara Parker said. "Josie has been working hard and is getting to see her efforts pay off. She will continue to train hard, but it's great to know that she is already ahead of the game."
Coach Andrew Hancock knows why McKee is enjoying success.
"Her diving has improved tremendously under the direction of coach Parker, who has been the best diving coach in our region for the past 15 years," Hancock said. "Based on what she's done so far, Josie has a chance to join the national meet proper and compete for All-America honors."
The NCAA Championships are March 12 through 15 at the Spire Institute in Geneva, less than two hours from Canton.
Dotson learning the ropes
Freshman Aaliyah Dotson (Central Catholic) has played in all eight games and started four for the 6-2 Florida Atlantic women's basketball team. The Owls have won six straight after season-opening losses to Akron and Ohio State.
Dotson, a 5-foot-6 guard, is averaging 6.8 points with 19 rebounds, nine steals, five assists and three blocked shots. She scored a season-high 18 points in 25 minutes in a 120-43 victory over Florida Memorial, and 10 points in an 81-78 win over Cleveland State.
"Making the jump from high school to Division I basketball is always a tough transition, but I think Aaliyah has done a great job," coach Kellie Lewis-Jay said. "Her ability to play full-court pressure defense has helped us tremendously. That is her role for us this year, and she has really bought into that and grown over the past few weeks. I look forward to seeing continued improvement in all aspects of her game over the course of this year."
Vaudrin fits right in
Freshman Chaese Vaudrin (Lake) is the second-leading scorer (13.3) for the 4-5 Geneva (Pa.) men's basketball team. He was named Male Student-Athlete of the Week after scoring a season-high 29 points in an 81-76 loss to Thiel. He followed that with a team-high 19 points in a 73-68 victory over PSU-Altoona. And, prior to that, he had 20 points in an 89-81 win over Hiram. The 6-3 guard also is averaging 4.3 rebounds with a team-high 29 assists and five steals.
"Chaese has had an incredible start," coach Jeff Santarsiero said. "He has adapted to the college game quicker than we both anticipated. So much of the college game is dribble penetration, and Chaese does that very well. He has also adapted to the physical nature of the game and he continues to get stronger. He will definitely be a force down the road."
Marcelli honored
Case Western Reserve freshman Luke Marcelli (Jackson) was recently named the University Athletic Association Wrestler of the Week. He earned the award going 6-1 en route to a third-place finish in the 149-pound class at the RIT Invitational in Rochester, N.Y.
Marcelli took a 13-3 record into the exam break.
"Luke came to Case with good credentials and a lot of potential," said head coach Mark Hawald, who is in his first year at Case Western after a successful run as the coach at Mount Union. "He has been working hard and that's why he's 13-3 as a freshman."
Hawald said that Marcelli's goal is to qualify for the nationals and be an All-American.
"Whether that happens this year or a few years down the road depends on his willingness to keep working hard, make adjustments and listen to his coaches," Hawald said.
The Spartans return to the mat Dec. 29-30 for the Citrus Invitational in Fort Lauderdale.
Malone solid again
Junior Kevin Malone (Carrollton) was 25-12 as a freshman and 18-10 as a sophomore for the Tennessee-Chattanooga wrestling team, but coach Heath Eslinger feels that the 285-pounder is really hitting his stride this season.
In recent meets, Malone finished fourth in the Navy Classic with a 5-2 record, won a solid 3-0 decision in a 21-15 loss to nationally-ranked Purdue, and won a 7-4 decision in a 35-3 win over Gardner-Webb last Monday.
"I think this is the first year where Kevin has really realized his potential and stature," Eslinger said. "I think he's just now realized how massive and athletic he is at his weight class. The past two weeks he has seen how much ability he has to score points on guys at heavyweight."
Malone has come a long way, according to the coach.
"Kevin didn't come to us as a pure wrestler, but I think he is starting to realize the work he puts in is for his wrestling, not his weight lifting or his conditioning. The ultimate goal is his wrestling and I think Kevin is beginning to see the focus of that work pay dividends on the mat."
McKinney bounces back
After sitting out last season as a redshirt, junior Tabby McKinney (Canton South) is back playing with the Shawnee State women's basketball team. The 5-8 guard has played in all 11 games off the bench for the 6-5 Bears and is averaging 2.5 points and 5.6 rebounds with 16 assists and 11 steals. Two years ago, she led the team in assists (116) and averaged 6.2 points and 6.2 rebounds a game.
"Tabby brings intensity and leadership to our team," coach Jeff Nickel said. "She is a great defensive player and is a vocal leader."
The coach thinks that sitting out last season has helped McKinney.
"Tabby has grown into a more mature and knowledgeable basketball player," Nickel said. "She understands our system and what needs to occur in order for us to be successful. I feel she does a better job now of creating for her teammates and continues to work on her range as a shooter. She is very ambitious and strives to excel and fill any void on our team."゚


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This Dallas City Guide was composed by Meredith Steele, the talented blogger behind the beautiful and family-friendly In Sock Monkey Slippers.
I'm a born and bred Dallas girl. In Dallas, the skyline beams with sparkling buildings that give the city its polished shine while leaving plenty of green space to revel in. There are so many options for art and culture, and there's always an event to go to. Here, your neighbors are kind and strangers wave. Being a professional food fanatic, I also love that Dallas has great choices when it comes to family-friendly restaurants. When we're not cooking in the kitchen, you can find us eating at any one of the following fantastic stops.
Stay and Play Spots
Klyde Warren Park: Nestled downtown right above Woodall Rogers Freeway and next to the Dallas Museum of Art is the ultimate city park—a mecca for families if you will. Klyde Warren Park is a Dallas treasure and definitely the most family friendly spot in the city. Not only does this park have plenty of room to run, it boasts a playground complete with a tree house and water features, live music, chess tables, ping pong, a putting green, a dog park, reading and game areas, croquet, daily events, and many food options. Food trucks are the main attractions, but there's even a delicious gastropub, Savor, located in the park.
Chicken Scratch: Laid-back with room to play, Chicken Scratch is just a short drive across the gorgeous Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge in south Dallas. It might not seem like a family friendly restaurant, but don't let the fact that it shares its property with a bar, The Foundry, deter you. Creative knife and fork fried chicken biscuits, chicken tenders, fresh fruit popsicles, tasty tacos, and pecan wood rotisserie chickens are combined with a large patio and a fun playground that's just as unique as the menu—you'll never want to leave. Bonus: Live music on the weekends.
The Lot: Located near scenic White Rock Lake and the Dallas Arboretum, The Lot is the perfect place for adults to enjoy a cocktail or two while the children go explore on the enormous sand playground. This place is one gigantic patio that's family and dog friendly. With delicious yucca fries, blistered shishito peppers, and burgers, the food here is unique with plenty of options for children and adults. Word of caution: This place gets busy, and on a gorgeous day you could be there for hours—but since your kids won't be squirming in their seats with boredom, it just might be worth it to you.
Neighborhood Hangouts
Penne Pomodoro: Neighborhood dining at its best, Penne Pomodoro has three locations: Lakewood, Snider Plaza, and North Dallas (Preston Rd). The atmosphere is as refreshing and comforting as the food. From homemade pastas, perfect pizzas, delectable entrees and from-scratch gelato, there's a meal for everyone. Children are greeted at the door with crayons and a menu suited just to them; and, if they're lucky, a ball of pizza dough to keep them busy. Be prepared for friendly service, quality food and an atmosphere akin to walking into a big Italian family's home.
Bubba's: Cradled in between the neighborhoods of the Park Cities, this gleaming old-school diner boasts some of Dallas' best fried chicken, but don't miss out on the glorious southern sides or amazing biscuits and rolls. Bubba's is also famous for their enormous pancakes and thick-cut bacon that make children wide-eyed.
Highland Park Old-Fashioned Soda Fountain: Known to locals as HP Pharmacy, this nostalgic soda fountain located just outside of Highland Park in north central Dallas, is celebrating 100 years of serving the community. This is the ultimate place where kids can be kids and adults can eat like kids. Wash down an irresistible grilled cheese with one of their famous handmade shakes served in a classic frosty glass—there's no better way to beat the Dallas summer heat.
El Fenix: Dallas born and bred, El Fenix is a staple for Tex-Mex lovers. With as many locations as there are tacos on their menu, you can't miss it. You'll be treated like family here, so sit back, relax, and have a little fun while enjoying a delicious meal. Oh, and word of warning: temporary tattoos have been known to sneak into the kid's menu, so don't be alarmed if all of a sudden there's a snake holding maracas on your child's arm. Bonus for you: The margaritas are legendary (and affordable).
Quick Eats
Keller's Drive-In: Located outside of Lake Highlands in northeast Dallas, Keller's is a Dallas institution. Find a spot under the old metal awnings between the gorgeous hot rods, roll down the windows, and get ready for a classic drive-in experience. Enjoy burgers, fries, onion rings, and shakes while the kids get to do the one thing they love to do most in your car—eat in it.
Start: A fast food restaurant with a conscience, Start offers up fresh real-food recipes for young and old. Dine inside (there's even a wine list!) or, if you're in a rush, stop by the drive-thru. Amazing organic breakfast options, mouthwatering grass fed burgers, a fabulous kids menu with healthy options, and other creative choices abound.
Taco Joint: Music is always playing in this taco joint located on the north end of Lakewood in east Dallas and families couldn't be happier. This Tex-Mex grub comes out fast and hot with tacos being served morning, noon, and night. You know a place has got to be good and fun when they state they "believe in thrashing your taste buds with a roundhouse kick of flavor that Chuck Norris would be proud of."
Best Breakfasts and Brunch
Crossroads Dinner: Homestyle greatness meets traditional diner at this north Dallas family spot. Breakfast is served all day here and everything is made in-house just like grandma used to do. Their sticky buns blanketed with thick pecan caramel are so famous there's a club dedicated to them!
Bread Winners: With locations all over Dallas (Uptown, Northpark, and the Park Cities), Bread Winners is nearly impossible to beat for brunch. The menu is impressively massive serving favorites for everyone including kids. Don't leave without grabbing one of their famous homemade pastries from the bakery.
Heading to Cajun Country next? Check out our Guide to New Orleans.


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D'backs spoil Wrigley's party
The Associated Press
CHICAGO — The Chicago Cubs celebrated the 100th anniversary of the first game at Wrigley Field in the most appropriate way: with a gut-wrenching loss.
They entered the ninth inning with a three-run lead.
They were one out from victory.
And then they collapsed.
After an error by shortstop Starlin Castro, the Arizona Diamondbacks rallied for five runs in the ninth to beat the Cubs 7-5 Wednesday.
"That one finished not like we would have wanted, obviously," Cubs manager Rick Renteria said. "It seemed like the inning kept opening up, and we weren't able to end up in the end putting a stop to it."
Martin Prado hit a two-run single off Pedro Strop (0-2), Miguel Montero had a tying single against James Russell and Aaron Hill followed with a two-run triple off Justin Grimm.
The beloved ballpark, the second-oldest in the major leagues behind 102-year-old Fenway Park in Boston, opened on April 23, 1914, when the Federal League's Chicago Federals beat the Kansas City Packers 9-1.
Fans sang "Happy Birthday" in the middle of the fifth inning Wednesday. The Cubs wore Federals' uniforms, and the Diamondbacks wore Kansas City Packers' threads.
The Cubs moved into the Friendly Confines in 1916, after the Federal League folded, and have established a tradition of beloved losers. The Cubs' only World Series titles came in 1907 and '08, when they played at the West Side Grounds, and they haven't even reached the World Series since 1945.
Still, the Cubs are 4,076-3,621 (.530) during the regular season at Wrigley, according to STATS, and 7-20 in the postseason. Chicago failed in its bid to win three straight games for the first time since last July 26-28.
White Sox 6, Tigers 4
DETROIT — Marcus Semien's seventh-inning grand slam lifted the Chicago White Sox over the Detroit Tigers 6-4 Wednesday night.
Jose Abreu hit another long home run for the White Sox, but it was Semien's first career slam that turned around the game. Detroit starter Drew Smyly allowed two runs in six innings, but Evan Reed (0-1) gave up two singles and a walk, and Ian Krol allowed the home run to Semien.
Andre Rienzo (1-0) gave up four runs in the fourth inning but kept the Tigers quiet otherwise in his first start this season. He allowed five hits and two walks in 6 1-3 innings, striking out three.
Matt Lindstrom pitched the ninth for his third save, but it wasn't easy. He allowed a single, a walk and two deep flyouts before retiring Alex Avila on a line drive to first with runners on second and thir


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- Dansk magazine's wanton disregard for Baptiste Giabiconi's hotness makes us want to say to the stylist, Hey, whazz wong witz you, man? Meanwhile, it seems Giabiconi occasionally doubts his place in the heart of his Grand Monsieur, Karl Lagerfeld...
Giabiconi tells this touching story of one such time: "One day I went up to Karl and said: 'Why me? What is it you see in me? Why do you only work with me?' And he told me it's because he sees something in me that he doesn't see in other people, something in the way I carry myself. Karl said: 'I see both a man and a woman in you at the same time.'" [Models.com, JustJared]
- Oh my God, fashionistas: Rachel Zoe says white is the new black. Adjust your wardrobes for total polar inversion. Remember that drill we had three months ago? It's for real this time! Hide your LBDs, stock up on your OBs. [StyleList]
- For the first quarter, most ladymags saw year-on-year increases in their number of ad pages. (Bear in mind that the first three months of 2010 were not exactly a boom time for ad-supported print media.) People StyleWatch set the curve with a 46.5% increase. Elle rose 14.3%, Vogue was up 10.6%, Glamour rose 5.5%, and Marie Claire was flat. W, which saw a 22% decline during the first quarter of '10, was up by 6.5% under new editor Stefano Tonchi, but Lucky, which also has a new editor in Brandon Holley, went the opposite way: First quarter of '10 saw 17% growth, while in the quarter just ended, ad pages fell by 14.3%. Cosmo was down 12.5% and Harper's Bazaar by 11.6%. [WWD]
- Here are some more images from the new Pop'Africana. [Models.com]
- Naomi Campbell didn't show up for the latest hearing in her interminable lawsuit and counter-lawsuit with her former agent, Carol White. White accuses the supermodel of stiffing her on royalties for a perfume deal she negotiated for Campbell, which included the release of a scent named "Naomi Campbell Cat Deluxe With Kisses," which we just can't get over, because, like, come on. White's lawyers say they have proof that Campbell's manager perjured himself in his earlier testimony; the judge, who has been inundated with requests from both sides, warned the parties in court, "This may be a case of 'no fine wine before it's time.'" [WWD]
- Lady Gaga told Ellen the snow storms in New York are preventing her from wearing the shoes she wants to wear. Amateur. [YouTube]
- Taraji P. Henson got naked for
publicityPETA. [TLF]
- Richard Avedon favorite China Machado, on participating in the great U.S.-French designer showdown at Versailles in 1973: "I thought, why not? The French are so pompous, and the Americans are so great, let's do it and show them! And we did." She wore "a topless dress. Green chiffon. And a peacock feather fan." Machado says she is no longer involved in fashion — "Give me a break, I'm 81" — which is interesting, because when W profiled her last year, Machado wouldn't give the reporter her age. [The Cut]
- Daphne Guinness says that she approves of Sarah Burton's work as the new creative director of Alexander McQueen. "Sarah's brilliant — I loved her last collection. She worked with Lee for so long so she knows what to do. She's not Lee but I think he'd be happy with her doing it. She learnt from him. Other than McQueen, I don't love this resurrection of redundant labels. There are so many talented young designers and so many of them end up working under other people's labels. They should be doing their own thing." The museum at FIT will mount an exhibition of nearly 100 items from Guinness's clothing collection this September. "It's quite daunting," says Guinness, of the show. "I'll start by dressing myself then dressing the mannequins, otherwise it doesn't mean anything. It needs to be personal. The way I dress isn't a conscious decision to be flamboyant — it comes out of joy. I don't think it's right to hoard things, you should share what you have." [Vogue UK]
- H&M is offering online shopping in the U.S. — starting roughly a year from now. [@HMUSA]
- Ready for online shopping — or at least browsing — at present is former Nina Ricci designer Olivier Theyskens' first collection for Theory. Items retail for $70-$980, which means our only hope is to see them pop up at Loehmann's, where the Theory racks are always plentifully stocked. [Fashionologie]
- Rag & Bone is putting up some poster advertising in Manhattan, seems to be the point of this story. Oh, right, their ads are different, blah blah blah. [WWD]
- J. Crew made a cute video of one of their shoes being made in Italy. [Official Site]
- Pricey lingerie concern Agent Provocateur is launching an aggressive expansion campaign, with an eye to doubling their sales in two years. [WWD]
- Jean-Paul Gaultier's couture hair design looks like it really, really hurt. [Style.com]
- Just Cavalli has a new home, after two years in limbo. When the licensee for the lower-priced line, Ittierre SpA, went bankrupt during the recession, Roberto Cavalli had to suddenly cancel his runway show and even cried in front of journalists. Now, he's partnered with Diesel founder Renzo Rosso's company, which will produce Just Cavalli for the next ten years, so they can both make lots of money again. [WWD]
- Stephen Jones says that Christian Dior models look like they have perfectly even skin because they're wearing makeup all over their bodies. And he's still feuding with Vivienne Westwood over some hats he made for her in 1987. [Vogue UK]


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Lady Cougars earn SCL win at home
The Weed Lady Cougars earned a 39-29 victory over the Fall River Lady Bulldogs in their Shasta Cascade League opener Tuesday night in Weed.
Coming off a 65-35 loss to Eagle Point last week, the Lady Cougar found themselves ice cold from the field early in the game, managing just seven points in the first period, and four points in the second period.
The Lady Bulldogs had similar struggles, scoring just two points in the first period and four points in the second period sending the game to halftime with the Lady Cougars on top 11-6.
The halftime break proved to benefit the Lady Cougars as they poured on a 13-2 run to open the second half to extend their advantage to 24-9. The Lady Bulldogs finally found an offensive spark and closed the third period with a 12-2 run of their own to make it a 26-21 game heading to the fourth period.
Destinee Jones opened the fourth quarter scoring with a bucket for the Lady Cougars. The Lady Bulldogs followed with back-to-back buckets to cut the deficit to three points.
Weed head coach Bob West called what proved to be an excellent timeout as it sparked a 9-2 run that put the game on ice for the Lady Cougars.
Weed's Karene Marshall led all scorers with 14 points including nine in the second half. Elyssa Fisher poured in 11 points and Jones 8 points.
The Lady Cougars (8-6, 1-0) will take on Trinity (5-5, 1-1) this Friday night in Weed.


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Chia says success of Chia Shrek and Chia SpongeBob inspired its new Chia Authors line: Series begins with Chia Malcolm.
Fake Book News posts on One-Minute Book Reviews satirize American literary culture, including the publishing industry. They consist of some of the most popular of the made-up news items that appear on Janice Harayda's FakeBookNews page on Twitter. To read all the tweets in the series, please follow FakeBookNews (@FakeBookNews) on Twitter at www.twitter.com/FakeBookNews.


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After a whirlwind couple of weeks, there are lots of questions surrounding GoldieBlox, which makes "toys for future inventors." Do the toys really combat the princess-industrial complex, or do they contribute to it? Was it fair use to remake the Beastie Boys' "Girls" for the commercial, or were Mike D and Ad-Rock within their rights to complain? Are the blocks even any better than the other plastic crap we buy from China? All the brouhaha shows that one thing is certain: Parents really, really crave smart toys for their little geniuses.
So what is a parent to do, especially given the abbreviated shopping season this year? Never fear. We asked Slate staffers to recommend their favorite toys and games that provide a little intellectual stimulation, with the added benefit of actually being gender-neutral. Here's what they gave their seal of approval.
SpaceRail Marble Roller Coaster
Ages: 8 and up
More versatile than Legos, which are like a crossword puzzle—a lot less fun once complete—and more, well, real than RollerCoaster Tycoon, these roller-coaster kits, with steel balls standing in for the car in live tests, can be redesigned over and over. The quest for the perfect roller coaster goes on …
Snap Circuits
Ages: 8 and up
For the budding electrical engineer. With one set of 30 pieces, you can try more than 100 different projects. Which means you should never again hear, "I'm booorrrred." You will, but you shouldn't.
Build and Paint a Birdhouse
Ages: 5 and up
This construction project is fun while it lasts, but the real joy comes months later when you hang it in the yard and birds start nesting in it. Really, they will! For a fun birthday party craft project, buy a bunch of premade houses and paints and let kids paint their own to take home. Not the crafty type? Try this window birdfeeder instead.
Ages: 5 and up
This set has tools to catch, keep, and examine bugs. Probably not a great gift if the dominant bug species in the kid's ecosystem are scorpions or cockroaches, but otherwise a great way to get kids interested in nature.
Ages: 3 to 8
Multiple staffers recommend these interlocking tiles, claiming that they are "worth every penny" despite being "absurdly expensive." The clear tiles snap together to make cool shapes and figures. Like Legos, they are expandable. Unlike Legos, you don't have to turn 1,000 pieces into a fire station and then watch the kids melt down when two pieces get lost.
Zoomy Handheld Digital Microscope
Ages: all
This microscope is just the right shape and size for curious kids' hands. Hold it over an object, then magnify it and take photos or video.
My First Mind Blowing Science Kit
Ages: 3 to 8
Despite the name, there is almost no chance of an explosion resulting from this gentle introduction to science. With the help of their parents, preschoolers and early graders can make squishy crystals and a small color-changing volcano, among other simple projects. Who knew there were so many practical uses for red cabbage juice powder?
Personalized Puzzles
Ages: 8 and up
Want to teach your kids how to read a map? Give them this challenging personalized puzzle that puts your street address smack dab in the middle of the map. Small caution: This may confirm their belief that they are indeed the center of the universe.


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What to Watch: Teen werewolf investigates death in 'Hemlock Grove'
On TV
All 13 episodes of "Hemlock Grove" will be available at midnight Pacific time on Netflix, a fitting time for a horror series to premiere. Teenager and maybe-werewolf Peter investigates the death of a young woman in his mysterious town. The premiere episode is called "Jellyfish in the Sky," so you can bet the investigation will take a supernatural turn pretty quickly. Netflix, 3 a.m. EDT.
Trending topic
Kim Kardashian and Kris Humphries have finally reached a divorce settlement in their 72-day marriage, E! Online reports. An agreement signed by both parties was handed into the L.A. court today. The presiding judge granted the divorce, but the end of marriage date is expected to be June 19 when the judgement is entered into court and signed-off on by a judge. Humphries was reportedly a no-show at court today.
Hot video: Miley Cyrus and Liam Hemsworth postpone their wedding
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A woman was killed and 30 people were taken to three hospitals with injuries Saturday morning after a giant pileup on Interstate 25.
Denver police said 104 vehicles were involved in a string of accidents between Logan Street and University Boulevard that occurred as a heavy band of snow moved through town before 11 a.m.
The northbound interstate was closed for roughly five hours, reopening by 3:48 p.m.
Traffic was at a standstill for more than a mile after the crash. Nearby streets such as University Boulevard and Evans Avenue were bumper-to-bumper with diverted traffic.
Drivers and passengers who were not injured were put on an RTD bus to keep warm and give their reports to accident investigators. Some wrecked cars were towed to South High School.
Denver Health Medical Center reported on Twitter that 14 people were taken to Denver Health, four to St. Anthony Hospital and 12 to Swedish Medical Center.
Denver Health Chief Paramedic Scott Bookman said those taken to hospitals included adults and children. The name of the woman who died in the crash has not been released.
While investigators haven't officially disclosed the cause of the pileup, one driver caught in the mess believes it was avoidable.
"People were just driving too fast for conditions," said Darrell Barber, whose Chevy Tahoe was hit repeatedly during the chain of crashes. "It was totally preventable."
Barber was driving home with newly framed memorabilia for his wife's retirement party Saturday when he found himself in the middle of the pileup on northbound I-25 just south of Logan Street.
Alone in his Tahoe, Barber said he was driving below the speed limit behind an empty car-carrier trailer and amid slick road conditions.
"Brake lights started coming on, and people weren't stopping," Barber said.
A tractor-trailer jackknifed a few cars ahead of him, Barber said, which led to collisions that would span about half a mile behind it seconds later.
"People in front of me started bouncing off each other and crashing," Barber said, recounting the initial wrecks near the Logan Street bridge. "By then, I had stopped."
He was one of few drivers who was able to stop, he said. But stopping didn't mean he was safe.
First, a small sedan swiped his passenger side. He watched it slide on past and then checked his mirrors. In his left-side mirror, Barber said, he saw a flatbed tow truck attempt to avoid what was already a formidable wreck by turning into the far left passing lane.
The tow truck lost control and slid forward, slightly off kilter, until it met the rear of a blue Jeep.
Two cars following the truck slid behind it and wedged underneath its bed, Barber said. This tow-truck sandwich was directly outside his driver door.
Barber said he watched as the car that had been the first to hit the truck, a pea-green SUV, became inverted as more cars jammed in from behind.
"And that's when someone T-boned me on the driver's side," Barber said.
It was another small sedan, which swerved into him as its driver tried to avoid the tow-truck pileup.
It wasn't over. A silver SUV then rammed into his vehicle's rear end. It sent Barber's Tahoe flying forward about 40 feet, he said, landing at the rear of the car carrier.
Barber said he is a firefighter and has responded to car pileups before. But, he said, he had never experienced one like Saturday's.
His wife and daughter picked him up around 2 p.m. at the Whole Foods store on Washington Street, where he had waited with the framed keepsakes that, as he did, somehow survived the wreck.
At the time of the crash, heavy snow was falling, but the snow basically stopped in Denver by noon. Overall, the National Weather Service reported final snow tallies for the metro area ranged from 0.75 to 1.5 inch.
Earlier, in the mountains, state officials closed westbound lanes of Interstate 70 at Silverthorne and Vail Pass after treacherous road conditions triggered numerous accidents Saturday morning.
I-70 reopened at Silverthorne about 10 a.m., but officials said the roads remained slow going. Vail Pass reopened about 1:45 p.m
"It's icy, it's snowpacked, it's drifting," said Mark Altman, spokesman for the Colorado Department of Transportation. "There's poor visibility."
The Colorado Avalanche Information Center said on Twitter at 10 a.m. that between 6 and 8 inches of snow had fallen between Vail Pass and Georgetown since 5 a.m.
Altman said people going into the mountains can expect "extreme" traffic delays.
In the mountains, CDOT instituted what it calls "wave escorts," in which troopers lead large lines of cars and trucks up the mountain and through the Eisenhower Tunnel. After one wave passes, an angled line of plows clear ice and snow before the next wave is cleared to go.
The waves, which ensure that traffic moves steadily up the mountain without starts and stops that lead to lengthy delays, were expected to continue well into the evening, transportation officials say. People should be prepared for stops in Silverthorne and Frisco until they become part of a wave of traffic.
Loveland Pass remained closed with no estimated time for reopening, according to a CDOT news release.
CDOT workers urged winter travelers to pack water, blankets, windshield wiper fluid, hand warmers and nonperishable food items in their vehicles.
In a statement, CDOT said it remained on full snow shift "with approximately 100 snowplows and four large tankers dispersing product and clearing the roadways of snow and ice. Crews will continue to work 12-hour shifts, around the clock until the roads are completely clear of snow and ice."
Kirk Mitchell: 303-954-1206, denverpost.com/coldcases or twitter.com/kmitchelldp
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