text:
21 Best Ways to Lose Your Information (Not-To-Do List)
Building your firewall, Part 1
Building your firewall, Part 2
Building your firewall, Part 3
Creating a basic padded cell
Curing remote-access ailments with ssh
Daemons on the Net
Deconstructing DoS attacks 3/2/2001 - Building Blocks to Security
Detecting intruders
Developing a security plan
Domain name hijacking
Down the rabid hole 9/1/2000 - Building Blocks to Security
Feeding the frenzy
Find out how vulnerable the Internet/Your machines really are...
Firewall design
Firewall and Proxy Server HOWTO (Linux) - This document is designed to teach the basics of setting up a firewall on a Linux based PC. Also covered is the installation and use of Proxy Servers to allow greater access to the Internet from behind a firewall.
Firewall Protection - The TIS Firewall Toolkit
Firewall technologies and methods
Hacker's toolchest
Hardening a Unix computer for Internet use - by Hal Stern
How secure are you?
How to Improve Security on a Newly Installed SunOS 4.1.3 System
How to proceed with executing a security audit. Improving the Security of Your Site by Breaking Into it
My System's Been Compromised...
Online privacy
OS identification 12/8/2000 - Building Blocks to Security
Random port
Security basics, Part 1
Security basics, Part 2
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol
Securing your Solaris server
Security through obscurity
Setting up sendmail on a firewall, Part 1
Setting up sendmail on a firewall, Part 2
Setting up sendmail on a firewall, Part 3
Shadow Password HOW-TO (Linux) - This document aims to describe how to obtain, install, and configure the Linux password Shadow Suite. It also discusses obtaining, and reinstalling other software and network daemons that require access to user passwords.
Square one 10/6/2000 - Building Blocks to Security
Tapping on the walls 11/17/2000 - Building Blocks to Security
Tools you need to check and correct.
Tripwire: The next generation of security tools
Simple Digest Security Scheme
Ugly mistake for Pretty Good
Understanding viruses 1/26/2001 - Building Blocks to Security
Virtual Suicide - Exploiting this bug a hacker could potentionally crash every computer dialed into an ISP simultaenously
World Wide Web Security FAQ


text:
Danes May Bring Back Butter As Government Rolls Back 'Fat Tax'
Toothbutter, illustrated. (NPR)
Toothbutter: noun. Butter spread so thickly as to reveal teeth marks upon biting.
The fact that this word exists in the Danish language should help to explain what politicians were up against when they introduced the "fat tax" just over a year ago. This is a country that loves it some butter (and meat, and all things dreadful to the arteries).
The goal of reducing waistlines and increasing life expectancy may have been laudable, but the previous administration's decision to charge consumers 16 kroner (about $2.75) per kilogram of saturated fat in order to achieve that goal was much maligned from the get-go.
Social advocates said it would unfairly affect the poor and worsen their health by sending them toward more caloric, lower quality food. Business leaders said it would cost Danish jobs as consumers scampered across the border to Germany to stock up on groceries. Danish butchers sued, saying the tax violated European Union trade rules. Some consumers accused supermarkets of using the tax as a screen to inch prices even higher. Other skeptical residents saw it as just one more way for the government to line its coffers.
This cacophony of dissent meant no one was particularly surprised this weekend when the government announced that the fat tax would be abolished as part of the 2013 budget agreement. In the same breath, the administration also put the brakes on a "sugar tax," which had yet to take effect.
As you can imagine, the world is watching. As The Washington Post notes, the timing of the repeal is interesting, given other, fatter countries' efforts to regulate what people eat in an effort to save us from our most unhealthy habits. (Ahem, New York and other cities' trans fats ban, New York's soda size limit, and the U.S. government's calorie labeling requirement.)
In its explanation of the move, the Danish Tax Ministry cited several of the aforementioned criticisms ("lining the coffers" excepted). A few public officials have also recently been quoted as saying they don't believe it's possible for a country to tax its way to health. But in general, while there's been plenty of discussion about the economic ramifications of the fat tax, it's more difficult to find any hard-nosed assessment of whether it worked. Did it needle any butter-hungry Danes into cutting back?
The answer just might be yes. Just as the government was announcing its decision to abolish the tax, the newspaper Information printed a story about an as-yet unpublished study by the Institute of Food and Resource Economics at Copenhagen University. According to the institute's report, Danes' consumption of butter, margarine and oil did, in fact, fall by 10-20 percent in the three months after the fat tax went into effect, as compared with the same time the year before. But it's unclear whether the credit should go to the law or the poor economy.
Shopper Gundi Halfmann says she has changed her ways. "If you're even just a little bit price-wise," she says, "you notice the difference. I haven't bought liver pate for a long time. It used to be 15 kroner, and now it can be all the way up to 30. It's crazy."
Halfmann says she's skeptical, though, that supermarkets will actually lower prices once the tax comes off the books. "Maybe a little bit at first, but then they'll go up again."
Meanwhile, Denmark's food minister is reportedly asking major grocery chains to promise that they will lower prices.
Welcome back, toothbutter.
Just over a year ago, Denmark became the first country in the world to impose a tax on saturated fat. Now whether this tax has actually succeeded in trimming waistlines is up for debate. But it has caused enough controversy that, come January, this short-lived experiment will be over.
As Sidsel Overgaard reports, it turns out raising the price of fat isn't so popular in a country whose lexicon includes the word tooth-butter.
SIDSEL OVERGAARD, BYLINE: Toothbutter. You know, when there's so much butter on your bread that each bite leaves a stripe where your teeth have been? Denmark's obesity rate may be low compared to many other countries, but its love of meat and dairy had officials in the previous administration worried enough to levy the so-called fat tax last October. On a pound of butter, it amounts to about 75 cents.
OVERGAARD: As Gundi Halfmann wheels her shopping basket through a grocery store in the city of Herning, she says the tax has definitely changed a few of her habits over the past year.
GUNDI HALFMANN: (Through Translator) Yes, it has. I haven't bought liver pate in a long time. It's simply become too expensive. You used to be able to get it for 15 kroner and now it can be all the way up at 30. It's crazy. If you're even a little bit price-wise, you can definitely feel the difference.
OVERGAARD: The problem is that what's good for Danish arteries is not necessarily good for Danish business. Halfmann, like many residents in this part of the country, indulges in shopping sprees across the German border, where things like beer and wine have always been cheaper.
HALFMANN: (Through Translator) When we drive over the border, there is more being bought than before - other things. It used to be cigarettes and soda and wine, now it's meat products. You could see it in all the shopping carts.
OVERGAARD: Those two things - reduced consumption and more shopping in Germany -add up to bad news for workers like Ole Skov Christensen.
OLE SKOV CHRISTENSEN: I work in a dairy business so it was quite a shock to us. And we were afraid that our sales would go down. And as I saw recently, it was going down 20 percent.
OVERGAARD: No surprise, then, that the Danish Chamber of Commerce has been fighting the fat tax every step of the way. Head of food policy, Lotte Engbaek Larsen says it's been a struggle for producers and importers who have to grapple with an incredibly complex tax formula. She says this year the fat tax brought in about $250 million and cost $30 million to administer.
LOTTE ENGBAEK LARSEN: The tax is so complicated that you have to foresee a lot of administrative burden in the future as well, because the food market is very dynamic and food changes all the time. You know, new recipes, new product lines and so on. So therefore, you have to recalculate this tax all the time, and that makes it very burdensome.
OVERGAARD: Every one of these issues was cited by the Danish tax ministry in its explanation of why the fat tax will be abolished as part of the government's 2013 budget. But the real story, says shopper Karen Marie Massen, is that what hurts businesses and consumers, hurts politicians.
KAREN MARIE MASSEN: (Through Translator) They change everything around all the time to score points. That's politics at its height. It's just to get votes.
OVERGAARD: Like most Danes in this grocery store, Massen says she agrees with the goal of the tax in principle. It's just that right now, on the scale of voter concerns, there's no question that economics is outweighing weight.
For NPR News, I'm Sidsel Overgaard in Herning, Denmark. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright National Public Radio.
'Generation Stuck'
Twelve 20-somethings chronicle their lives for WBUR.
'Kind World'
Audio stories and regular posts that celebrate the effect random acts of kindness can have on another.
Explore '80s Art With Andrea Shea
Andrea interviews ICA curator Helen Molesworth about a groundbreaking show.
Bob Oakes Joins Mike Birbiglia In Worcester
The WBUR host introduces an award-winning solo show.
Toast WBUR At The Boston Wine Expo
You can savor wines and support public radio at the same time.
Hear "A Christmas Carol" With WBUR
Our 10th annual live reading of the Dickens classic helps support Rosie's Place.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Difference between revisions of "Playing by the rules"
(direct link to GHC/Using_rules)
(Category:Program transformation)
|Line 300:
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Revision as of 08:46, 18 January 2008
GHC's term rewriting engine provides a playground for all sorts of user-defined optimisations and tweaks to Haskell code. This page collects examples of the use of rewrite rules. There is more information available on the GHC rewrite rules page.
reverse . reverse = id
The following question was asked in #haskell:
15:40 Excedrin> why doesn't 'head $ reverse $ reverse [1..]' work in Haskell?
The answer is: it does work, if you tell the compiler that:
reverse . reverse = id
Using the following rewrite rule:
"reverse.reverse/id" reverse . reverse = id
main = print . head . reverse . reverse $ [1..]
We can "optimise" this program, changing a non-terminating program:
$ ./a.out
into a much faster one:
$ ghc -fglasgow-exts -ddump-simpl-stats A.hs
5 PostInlineUnconditionally
4 UnfoldingDone
1 RuleFired
1 reverse.reverse/id
7 BetaReduction
3 SimplifierDone
$ ./a.out
As can be seen here, rewrite rules let you teach the compiler about interesting algebraic properties you code satisfies, that it can't find on its own.
Note: In general it's a bad idea for rules to change the semantics (meaning) of your code in such a way. Consider someone using reverse . reverse to demand strictness of an IO action, this code would no longer work with the above rule.
Fast ByteString construction
Another technique is to use rewrite rules to remove intermediate lists when building bytestrings from literal string constants. The problem is that string constants must be converted from a [Char] to a ByteString, to use literal strings as ByteStrings. This is highly inefficient, when GHC already allocates string constants as unboxed byte arrays. We can bypass the [Char] conversion using rewrite rules.
Supposing we want to use a ByteString literal:
import qualified Data.ByteString.Char8 as C
mystring = C.pack "rewrite rules are fun!"
main = C.putStrLn mystring
and it is compiled by GHC to:
mystring_rDR = Data.ByteString.Char8.pack (GHC.Base.unpackCString# "rewrite rules are fun!"#)
Main.main = Data.ByteString.putStrLn mystring_rDR
:Main.main = GHC.TopHandler.runMainIO @ () Main.main
Now, the string literal has been packed by GHC for us into a Addr#, pointing to a proper C string. Now, we'd like to remove that intermediate unpackCString#, and just pack the string literal straight into a ByteString, avoiding an intermediate list.
So we add a rewrite rule:
"pack/packAddress" forall s . pack (unpackCString# s) = B.packAddress s
Now, when compiled with -O -fglasgow-exts, we get:
1 RuleFired
1 FPS pack/packAddress
and the code is transformed as follows:
mystring = Data.ByteString.Base.packAddress "rewrite rules are fun!"
mystring = Data.ByteString.Char8.pack (GHC.Base.unpackCString# "rewrite rules are fun
and then the rewrite rule kicks in, and we construct a new ByteString directly from the Addr#, via a call to strlen to get the length:
mystring =
let addr#_a146 :: GHC.Prim.Addr#
addr#_a146 = "rewrite rules are fun!"#
in case Data.ByteString.Base.$wccall addr#_a146 s2#_a1Q8 of
(# ds3_a1Re, ds4_a1Rf #) ->
Data.ByteString.Base.PS addr#_a146
(GHC.ForeignPtr.PlainForeignPtr var#_a1Q9)
(GHC.Prim.word2Int# ds4_a1Rf)
exactly what we'd like. So at runtime, this string will require only a call to strlen to build.
Locating errors
Rewrite rules can almost be used to solve the infamous 'fromJust: Nothing' error message. Couldn't we just use rewrite rules to rewrite *transparently all uses of fromJust to safeFromJust, tagging the call site with a location? To work this requires a few things to go right:
- a rewrite rule
- assertions
- and rewrite rules firing before assertions are expanded
Let's try this. Consider the program:
1 import qualified Data.Map as M
2 import Data.Maybe
4 main = print f
6 f = let m = M.fromList
7 [(1,"1")
8 ,(2,"2")
9 ,(3,"3")]
10 s = M.lookup 4 m
11 in fromJust s
When we run it we get the not so useful error:
$ ./A A: Maybe.fromJust: Nothing
Ok, so we have a few tricks for locating this, using LocH, we can catch an assertion failure, but we have to insert the assertion by hand:
1 import Debug.Trace.Location
2 import qualified Data.Map as M
3 import Data.Maybe
5 main = do print f
7 f = let m = M.fromList
8 [(1,"1")
9 ,(2,"2")
10 ,(3,"3")]
11 s = M.lookup 4 m
12 in safeFromJust assert s
14 safeFromJust a = check a . fromJust
Which correctly identifies the call site:
$ ./A A: A.hs:12:20-25: Maybe.fromJust: Nothing
Now, this approach is a little fragile. 'assert' is only respected by GHC if -O is not on, so if we happened to try this trick with -O, we'd get:
$ ./A A: Debug.Trace.Location.failure
So lesson one: you have to do the bug hunting with -Onot.
Currently there's -fignore-asserts for turning off assertions, but no flag for turning them on with -O, Simon, could this be fixed? Could we get a -frespect-asserts that works even with -O ?
Ok, assuming this assert trick is used, can we get the compiler to insert the asserts for us? If so, this would be a great advantage, you'd just be able to switch on a flag, or import a debugging module, and your fromJusts would be transparently rewritten. With rewrite rules we do just this!
So, to our initial unsafe use of fromJust, we add a rewrite rule:
-- rewrite fromJust to a located version, and hope that GHC expands
-- 'assert' after the rule fires..
"located fromJust" fromJust = check assert . myFromJust
This just tells the compiler to replace every occurence of fromJust with a assertion-throwing fromJust, should it fail. We have to use myFromJust here, to avoid rule recursion.
-- Inlined to avoid recursion in the rule:
myFromJust :: Maybe a -> a
myFromJust Nothing = error "Maybe.fromJust: Nothing" -- yuck
myFromJust (Just x) = x
Ok, so can we get ghc to rewrite fromJust to the safe fromJust magicaly?
$ ghc --make -Onot A.hs -fglasgow-exts -ddump-simpl-stats [1 of 1] Compiling Main ( A.hs, A.o ) 1 RuleFired 1 located fromJust Linking A ...
Yes, the rule fired! GHC *did* rewrite our fromJust to a more useful fromJust. Running it:
A: A.hs:19:36-41: Maybe.fromJust: Nothing
Looks good! But that is deceiving: the assert was expanded before the rule fired, and refers to the rewrite rule source line (line 19), not the fromJust call site (line 12). Now if we could just have the 'assert' token inserted into the AST before it was expanded, we'd be home and dry. Could this be done with TH? Or could we arrange for asserts in rewrite rules not to be expanded till later?
Note that this is still a useful technique, we can rewrite head/fromJust/... to some other possibly more useful message. And if we can constrain the rule to fire in only particular modules, we may be able to narrow down the bug, just by turning on a rule. For example, adding:
"located fromJust" fromJust = safeFromJust
safeFromJust s = case s of
Nothing -> "safeFromJust: failed with Nothing. Ouch"
Just x -> x
will produce:
"safeFromJust: failed with Nothing. Ouch"
So rewrite rules can be used to transparently alter uses of partial functions like head and fromJust.
Fusion and deforestation
By far the most elaborate use of compiler rewrite rules is to perform automatic deforestation of intermediate data structures. This is documented in a number of research papers. Note that also for this application field of rewrite rules the above mentioned problem of potentially changing the semantics of programs occurs. Read further under correctness of short cut fusion.
Symbolic differentiation
I like to demonstrate to people, that GHC has already built-in a kind of Computer Algebra system. The optimizer can be abused to differentiate expressions symbolically. Unfortunately it cannot be forced to do so. That's why, some, better say: too many, expressions are not derived.


text:
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text:
Sara Moulton
The Healthy Plate
Traditional potato latkes are a widely loved staple of the yearly Hanukkah feast. And what"s not to love about hamburger-sized hash browns topped with sour cream?
Still, wonderful as they are, latkes are not light. So as a latke-loving shiksa, I devised this recipe in the hope that all of us might enjoy our latkes and live to tell about it. My re-design employs both sweet potatoes and the more traditional white potatoes, significantly reducing the amount of oil required to cook these bad boys. I also substitute Greek yogurt for sour cream.
Sweet potatoes, especially the intensely orange ones, are a terrific source of beta carotene. They also are an excellent source of potassium, vitamin C and fiber. And despite their sweetness, sweet potatoes are not high in calories. But because they"re also not very high in starch, they need a starch partner. Hence the white potatoes, along with a little egg, and some flour as a binder.
The ideal latke has a crisp crust with a moist interior. Traditionally, that crispness is achieved by frying in a lot of oil. Figuring out how to crisp up these latkes without a ton of oil was the hardest part of developing this recipe. After much trial and error, I realized I could develop a satisfactory crust if I added a little oil to the skillet for each side of the pancakes, 1 tablespoon for the first side and 1 tablespoon after I flipped them.
I then finish them off in a 350 F oven because the recipe"s sweet potatoes, with their high sugar content, turn the latkes too dark if left on the stove for more than a few minutes.
What gives this recipe its Southwestern flavor? The combination of sweet potato and the chipotle in the yogurt topping. Sugar and chilies do a happy dance, balancing each other off. Adding sugar to a dish that"s too spicy doesn"t make it taste sweet, any more than adding chili to a dish that"s too sweet makes it taste hot. Rather, you can depend on these complementary flavors to make the dish just right. However, if you are not a fan of chilies, leave out the chipotle. Likewise, If you"re not a fan of cilantro, substitute dill, parsley or chives.
And Hanukkah aside, these Southwestern latkes would be a great little side dish any time of the year.
Start to finish: 50 minutes (20 minutes active)
Servings: 6 (makes 12 latkes)
1 pound sweet potatoes, peeled, coarsely grated and squeezed of excess moisture
3/4 pound Yukon gold potatoes, peeled, coarsely grated and squeezed of excess moisture
2/3 cup finely chopped scallions (white and green parts)
2 large eggs, lightly beaten
1/4 cup all-purpose flour
Kosher salt
6 tablespoons vegetable oil, divided
1 cup nonfat plain Greek yogurt
1 to 2 teaspoons minced chipotle pepper in adobo sauce, or to taste
Pinch of sugar
Fresh cilantro, to garnish
1. Heat the oven to 350 degrees.
2. In a medium bowl combine the sweet potatoes, Yukon gold potatoes, scallions, eggs, flour and 1/2 teaspoon salt. Mix well.
3. In a large nonstick skillet over high, heat 1 tablespoon of the vegetable oil. Reduce the heat to medium and add 4 rounded 1/4-cup mounds of the potato mixture to the skillet, flattening each mound to a 3 1/2-inch circle. Cook the latkes for 2 minutes, then turn them over and add another tablespoon of vegetable oil. Cook, turning them several times, until golden on both sides, about another 4 to 6 minutes total.
Transfer the latkes to a rimmed baking sheet. Repeat the process with the remaining potato mixture and oil.
When all of the latkes have been browned, bake them on the middle shelf of the oven for 5 minutes, or until they are cooked through and tender. Sprinkle them lightly with salt, if desired.
While the latkes are baking, in a small bowl combine the yogurt, chipotle, a pinch of salt and a pinch of sugar. Stir well.
To serve, arrange 2 latkes on each of 6 serving plates. Top each one with a dollop of chipotle yogurt and a fresh cilantro leaf.
Nutrition information per serving: 280 calories; 130 calories from fat (46 percent of total calories); 15 g fat (1.5 g saturated; 0 g trans fats); 60 mg cholesterol; 29 g carbohydrate; 4 g fiber; 6 g sugar; 7 g protein; 240 mg sodium.
Sara Moulton"s The Healthy Plate column runs weekly. She was executive chef at Gourmet magazine for nearly 25 years, and spent a decade hosting several Food Network shows. She writes for the Associated Press.


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The GDPR requires that you disclose the details of any personal information you share with third parties. Nathan should explain to his buyers why, when, and with whom he may share buyers' personal information. For example:
Information Sharing and Disclosure
Information about my customers is important to my business. I share your personal information for very limited reasons and in limited circumstances, as follows:
Etsy. I share information with Etsy as necessary to provide you my services and comply with my obligations under both the Etsy Seller Policy and Etsy Terms of Use.
Service providers. I engage certain trusted third parties to perform functions and provide services to my shop, such as delivery companies. I will share your personal information with these third parties, but only to the extent necessary to perform these services.
Business transfers. If I sell or merge my business, I may disclose your information as part of that transaction, only to the extent permitted by law.
Compliance with laws. I may collect, use, retain, and share your information if I have a good faith belief that it is reasonably necessary to: (a) respond to legal process or to government requests; (b) enforce my agreements, terms and policies; (c) prevent, investigate, and address fraud and other illegal activity, security, or technical issues; or (d) protect the rights, property, and safety of my customers, or others.
4. The length of time he keeps personal information
The GDPR requires you to disclose the period of time during which you will store personal information. Nathan should consider how long he needs to retain information for business purposes and to comply with any legal or tax obligations, and keep in mind that data shouldn't be kept for any longer than necessary. For example:
Data Retention
I retain your personal information only for as long as necessary to provide you with my services and as described in my Privacy Policy. However, I may also be required to retain this information to comply with my legal and regulatory obligations, to resolve disputes, and to enforce my agreements. I generally keep your data for the following time period: 4 years.
Transfers of Personal Information Outside the EU
I may store and process your information through third-party hosting services in the US and other jurisdictions. As a result, I may transfer your personal information to a jurisdiction with different data protection and government surveillance laws than your jurisdiction. If I am deemed to transfer information about you outside of the EU, I rely on Privacy Shield as the legal basis for the transfer, as Google Cloud is Privacy Shield certified.
Your Rights
If you reside in certain territories, including the EU, you have a number of rights in relation to your personal information. While some of these rights apply generally, certain rights apply only in certain limited cases. I describe these rights below:
Access. You may have the right to access and receive a copy of the personal information I hold about you by contacting me using the contact information below.
Change, restrict, delete. You may also have rights to change, restrict my use of, or delete your personal information. Absent exceptional circumstances (like where I am required to store data for legal reasons) I will generally delete your personal information upon request.
Object. You can object to (i) my processing of some of your information based on my legitimate interests and (ii) receiving marketing messages from me after providing your express consent to receive them. In such cases, I will delete your personal information unless I have compelling and legitimate grounds to continue using that information or if it is needed for legal reasons.
Complain. If you reside in the EU and wish to raise a concern about my use of your information (and without prejudice to any other rights you may have), you have the right to do so with your local data protection authority.
How to Contact Me
For purposes of EU data protection law, Unique Cards And Gifts shop is the data controller of your personal information. If you have any questions or concerns, you may contact me at in our etsy shop via the contact button. https://www.etsy.com/shop/Uniquecardsandgifts
The major portion of custom artwork is the time it takes to create, therefore we require a purchase first =) We have celebrity clients as well as major companies that we also require the purchase prior to proof, so we keep it the same for all clients to be fair to everyone. We provide the proofs in order received in our email inbox =)
Once you purchase your Custom Artwork, we will send you a proof =) You can ask for a revision if your proof is not correct =)
Proofs sent within 1 - 3business day. Busy seasons expect a draft to take longer.
Shipping times vary depending on season and product type ordered. ALLOW ADDITIONAL TIME FOR PROCESSING & DELIVERY!
DIY Digital option is your best GUARANTEED option when a rush is needed. This is NOT shipped - It is a file that you print and frame on your own.
READ the LISTING DESCRIPTION to find customization included. To add more, ask for a quote.
COPY & PASTE or type the customization choices for: colors, name, date, quote location, etc..) in the notes box at purchase OR send in Email after.
**Choose the style you like from listing pictures. Count from left to right and give that number with a short description. Example, #4 gray black ampersand joe linda
For included photos, attach in Etsy email.
After, check email for your proof. Revision given if your proof is not correct :) If delayed expected, tell us.
DIY are high resolution jpeg and pdf files that can be printed at staples, your home computer, online print companies, or a local print shop. These CANNOT be resold.
We discount and refund equal to shipping amount AFTER purchase upon approval =)
These may NOT be used for resale or any commercial use.
You can have us make ONE of ANY SIZE you want at no additional charge =) You save you even more money on larger sizes and international orders.
Once you approve, your files are given in ONE size of your choice will be sent in Etsy email to fit ONE media such as paper, canvas, or other. Additional cost for more.
SIZE= print size (8x10 = 8x10 art print)
PRINT art on premium museum quality paper (No opening - If included Digital photos on top)
FRAMED = Art Framed /ready to hang
FRAME MY = framed ready to hang
Art & frame size match
FRAMED+MAT = Art with acid free 4-ply mat & framed.
MATTED also fit these sizes (NO frame)
5x7 fits 8x10 frame
7x9 fits 8x10 frame
8x10 fits 11x14 frame
10x13 fits 11x14 frame
14x18 fits 16x20 frame
CANVAS = Art on premium cotton canvas, 1.5" deep stretcher bars, size matches art, r


text:
House of Commons
| Session 2006-07
Publications on the internet
|Hansard volume (House of Commons Debates)
Below is the list of the editions of Hansard for volume 458 that are available for browsing on the Internet. They are arranged in reverse date order. You can also access all other editions of Hansard from here. Clicking on the relevant entry will bring you a list of the contents for that day, from which the full text can be retrieved.
|© Parliamentary copyright 2007
|Updated 24 October 2007


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Promoting Informed Use and Best Practices for ADR in Washington
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Thanks for your invitation to friend through WSBA's ADR Section.
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Front Runners List: Click to see list completion progress by climbers that log their climbs using Peakbagger.com.
Compare Climbers: Click to compare ascents of up to 5 climbers working on this list.
In many ways, the Olympic Mountains are a vast undiscovered country to Seattle-area hikers and climbers. The peaks are lower in elevation and harder to access than those in the Cascade Range, but they still offer a remarkable amount of ruggedness and wilderness.
This list shows the highest peaks in the range, all above an arbitrary 6500-foot cutoff. A peak only earns a rank if it has over 400 feet of clean prominence. Note that the Olympic Climber's Guide lists many named rock towers and spires in the Olympus, Constance, and Deception areas that have very low prominence values and are therefore not ranked.
Caution: These books feature many of the peaks on this list, but may not have information on all of them.
= Peak with Rank #1 on List;   = Other Peaks
This page has been served 1030506 times since 2004-11-01.


text:
Imagine adopting a dog to find out that he doesn't give smoochies, kisses, lickies-nothing. One family adopted a brother and sister pair of Dachshunds to find out just that; little Lucci (pronounced-Loochy) was a no smoochie poochie! The kids in your life will smile and giggle reading how this family, along with 2 other rather unique resident pups, tries everything to the point of exhaustion and still never gives up to get Lucci to give smoochies.
LUCCI THE NO SMOOCHIE POOCHIE Amazon Kindle eBook- $ 2.99
*10% of book proceeds are donated to the ASPCA.
Reviewed by Lee Ashford for Readers' Favorite
"Lucci – The No Smoochie Poochie" by Donna L. Sadd is a short rhyming story written specifically as a gift to her three nieces and one nephew. The story is a tale about one particular dog they adopted who did not give "kisses" like the other dogs did. There was Dillon the Bassett hound who would give "ear nibble smoochies" or "nippies" in exchange for an ear rub. Next came CoCo Bellini, a slightly overweight male dachshund, who loved giving smooches, and would do so all day long if he could. Then there was little Zoe, who would come running when anyone called out for a smooch. But poor little Lucci, the newest little poochie, simply would not give anyone a kiss. Instead, Lucci would walk away to avoid all the kissing going on. The family knew something had to be done, but what? How could they get Lucci the No Smoochie Poochie to become a Smoochie Poochie? They decided to overwhelm Lucci with kisses. Would that work? Or would Lucci just never become the affectionate pup they wanted him to be?
This is a very short, well-illustrated children's book, with a simple rhyming convention throughout, which could easily become a child's favorite bedtime story. Don't buy this book unless you are fully prepared to read it night after night, because I can envision it now: "read me this one, Daddy" every night, until they finally outgrow it! But don't hold your breath, because this is the kind of cute little tale preschoolers will want to enjoy for years. I really do recommend this to be added to your child's or grand-child's library; you will be richly rewarded with hugs and kisses every time you read it to them!
Amazon Reviews-
I received a print copy of Lucci-The No Smoochie Poochie from the author for the purpose of review.
When I read this book to my 3 year old daughter, she loved it! The story is not too long as to keep a very young one's attention. The illustrations are very simple; they look like a child's drawing further engaging young ones to the book. At one point, the author mentions her nieces and nephews in the book and even has their pictures incorporated into the illustrations. My daughter loved this. She thought one of the author's nieces looked like her. She said, "Mommy, that's me. I'm playing with Lucci". My daughter put herself right into the story which to me is a very good sign that she liked and was enjoying the book.
There was only one editing error that I found. On page 22 of the book: "the wondrous event just past (should be "passed") us all by!"
Thank you Donna for sending me the book to review! You can learn more about Ms Sadd by visiting her website at […]and her blog at donnalsadd.wordpress.com. I look forward to more from this children's author!
LUCCI-The No Smoochie Poochie is an adorable little childrens book which sends out the message of patience and love. Lucci is a dog who is not very friendly towards his owners. The owners try to show Lucci love through hugs and kisses and Lucci rejects the affections each time. Eventually Lucci comes around and returns the affection of the patient owners. LUCCI-The No Smoochie Poochie is just right for your young children who are learning the values of patience and understanding the concept of love. Love is lived out in patience and LUCCI does a wonderful job of displaying and explaining this concept in a fun manner.
The images in LUCCI-The No Smoochie Poochie are very simple yet springs to life through the colors. I believe that the simple drawing style used here will encourage your children in creating like characters of thier own.
*****Cute and funny for everyone to enjoy!, February 2, 2012
Just read your book to my boys last night…they loved it and me too! Such a cute and funny book! We look forward to reading more of them if a series is in the horizon!
-By South Carolina gal forever!
****Sweet lil Lucci., January 14, 2012
My son enjoyed the drawings and pointed out the dogs on each page as I read to him. The rhymes flowed well and it was just the right length for a bedtime story.
By Christy (South Carolina)
*****Adorable and a great keepsake the author has shared,
January 23, 2012
By E. M. Tippetts (London)


text:
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text:
I found this message tremendously reassuring, and it was nicely complemented by the reverse side of the fortune:
Really, if you're able to 1) depend on the predictability and stability of life; and 2) ask for the restroom in any language, I daresay you're 99% of the way to total happiness.
However, this doesn't mean you won't be tested along the way. For example, yesterday I finally ventured out into the wider world, and the first thing I noticed were the fuel lines. As you're probably heard, the entire metropolitan area is pretty much out of gas, and lines are stretching for miles:
The cars on the left are all waiting for gas, and as you can see they disappear into the horizon. After taking the above photo I then turned my Surly Big Dummy smugness flotilla around and followed the line to the actual gas station:
I also held my phone vertically while filming because that's how it's easy to hold a phone while you're riding a bike and I don't realize it until after I've finished, but if you'd still like to register a formal complaint you may do so here.
This is not to say that there are lines at all area gas stations. Some actually have no lines at all, except when you get to the pump you'll see this:
I "tweeted" the above image and an astute person pointed out that the last person to use the pump got himself or herself a whopping dime's worth of gas, and I like to think that somewhere in Brooklyn someone is walking around with a spring in his or her step and a very full Zippo.
Meanwhile, bike traffic on the Manhattan Bridge moved briskly, at least in the mid-afternoon when I took this video:
We do deserve the best, but what we actually get is another matter.
And now, I'm pleased to present you with a short quiz. As always, study the question, think, and click on your answer. If you're right you'll know, and if you're wrong you'll see intellectuals.
Thanks very much for reading, ride safe, and speedy recovery.
--Wildcat Rock Machine
1) Lance Armstrong is losing the key to which city?
--Ashley Olson's Pantytown
2) Greg LeMond does not use Twitter.
3) This style of bicycle is called:
--"Ass over tea kettle"
4) What is the exact speed at which Russell Crowe begins crowing about how fast he is?
--46 mph
--46 kph
--14.4 mph
--14.4 kph
5) In which state has flooding led rampant salmoning in the streets?
--New York
--New Jersey


text:
The way vacations should be...Over 30 years of Service
10 people are interested in this property!
Available check in dates are underlined and the color blue.If trying to book within the current week period, please call the Sunset Vacations office at 800-331-6428 to make your reservation.
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038 Blue Moon


text:
Czech, b. 1979
signed and dated Pasta Oner 2019 on the overlap
oil and acrylic on canvas
unframed: 150 by 200cm., 59 by 79in.
To view shipping calculator, please click here
Please note, Condition 11 of the Conditions of Business for Buyers (Online Only) is not applicable to this lot.
This painting is in very good original condition and is ready to hang.
Presented and sold unframed.
The lot is sold in the condition it is in at the time of sale. The condition report is provided to assist you with assessing the condition of the lot and is for guidance only. Any reference to condition in the condition report for the lot does not amount to a full description of condition. The images of the lot form part of the condition report for the lot provided by Sotheby's. Certain images of the lot provided online may not accurately reflect the actual condition of the lot. In particular, the online images may represent colours and shades which are different to the lot's actual colour and shades. The condition report for the lot may make reference to particular imperfections of the lot but you should note that the lot may have other faults not expressly referred to in the condition report for the lot or shown in the online images of the lot. The condition report may not refer to all faults, restoration, alteration or adaptation because Sotheby's is not a professional conservator or restorer but rather the condition report is a statement of opinion genuinely held by Sotheby's. For that reason, Sotheby's condition report is not an alternative to taking your own professional advice regarding the condition of the lot.


text:
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Shop MINI Original Wheel and Tire Sets.
MINI Colored Hub Caps
JCW 18" Style 534 Matte Black Summer Complete Wheel and Tire Set
JCW 18" Style 520 Silver Summer Complete Wheel and Tire Set
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JCW Pro 17 Inch Style 505 Black Cold Weather Wheel and Tire Set
MINI 17" Style 519 Net Spoke Winter Complete Wheel and Tire Set
MINI 18 Inch Style 815 JCW Grip Spoke in Bright Silver Metallic
MINI Floating Center Caps
MINI JCW Floating Center Caps
JCW 18" Style 534 Silver Summer Complete Wheel and Tire Set
R506 - 18" John Cooper Works Cross Spoke Complete Wheel Set
17 Inch Style 505 JCW Matte Black Complete Wheel Set
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*MINI Accessory Wheels that are installed on/in the vehicle prior to the delivery to the client will carry the full New Vehicle Limited Warranty. If the installation is made by a Dealer after the retail sale of the vehicle, the accessory will carry the remainder of the New Vehicle/SAV Limited Warranty period or the limited parts warranty for two years from the date of installation, whichever is greater. Warranty repairs do not constitute an extension of the original limited warranty period for the vehicle or any parts (including accessories) thereof.
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text:
Punished judge: Victim of rape 'didn't put up a fight'
SANTA ANA, Calif. (AP) — A Southern California judge is being publicly admonished for saying a rape victim "didn't put up a fight" during her assault and that if someone doesn't want sexual intercourse, the body "will not permit that to happen."
The California Commission on Judicial Performance voted 10-0 to impose a public admonishment yesterday, saying Superior Court Judge Derek Johnson's comments were inappropriate and a breach of judicial ethics.
"In the commission's view, the judge's remarks reflected outdated, biased and insensitive views about sexual assault victims who do not 'put up a fight.' Such comments cannot help but diminish public confidence and trust in the impartiality of the judiciary," wrote Lawrence Simi, the commission's chairman.
Johnson made the comments in the case of a man who threatened to mutilate the face and genitals of his ex-girlfriend with a heated screwdriver, beat her with a metal baton and made other violent threats before committing rape, forced oral copulation and other crimes.
Though the woman reported the criminal threats the next day, the woman did not report the rape until 17 days later.
Johnson, a former prosecutor in the Orange County district attorney's sex crimes unit, said during the man's 2008 sentencing that he had seen violent cases on that unit in which women's vaginas were "shredded" by rape. "I'm not a gynecologist, but I can tell you something: If someone doesn't want to have sexual intercourse, the body shuts down. The body will not permit that to happen unless a lot of damage is inflicted, and we heard nothing about that in this case," Johnson said.
The commission found that Johnson's view that a victim must resist to be a real victim of sexual assault was his opinion, not the law. Since 1980, California law doesn't require rape victims to prove they resisted or were prevented from resisting because of threats.


text:
YUNIK 'Skeleton' Denim Pants
Material: denim
Closure type: zipper fly
Pattern type: print
Color: grey/black
- Shipping and Tracking
- About Us
- We offer FREE shipping to all parts of the world!
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- Please allow up to 4 weeks for shipping, with the majority of orders arriving within 2 weeks (not including handling time).
- On average, International shipping is 14-21 business days.
- Please note, that during Holiday periods, shipping times may increase significantly due to system volume.
- If ordering multiple items, you may receive more than one package and/or receive one package before another. Many of our items are sourced from various global suppliers.
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Posts Tagged macarons
Macarons (and A Night Off)
Recently I stepped outside of my usual evening routine, I left behind the cooker and television and I went to an evening at the Waitrose Cookery School to explore the new kMix Boutique range from Kenwood. After starting the evening with cocktails and exploring the brightly coloured displays of the gorgeous Kenwood kitchen accessories we were treated to a macaron class. Following this we were invited to use the very well equipped Waitrose cookery school kitchen to make our own macarons! I've attempted macarons once before and while I had relative success (beginners luck I think) with them I didn't ever think to repeat the ordeal! Luckily I wasn't on my own. I was partnered up with Nazima from Franglaise Kitchen thank goodness, as she seemed to remember all the things I'd forgotten! These macarons were made using the Italian meringue method which involves pouring boiling sugar quickly onto frothy egg whites! I was very pleased to be able to try this method as it was something I'd not tried before, I always thought it looked rather terrifying but it's actually really easy and making macarons this way is, for me, a vast improvement! Until that night I didn't like macarons very much! My piping skills once again left a little to be desired and my macarons were very irregular in size but they all rose well and had the required " feet", in fact thanks to the help from the cookery school chef we all had success with this recipe and they tasted delicious!
I had a lovely evening meeting up with fellow bloggers and the cocktails and canapes we had were wonderful. The only thing I'm not too sure I'm happy about is I think I've developed a taste for macarons, which could be a dangerous thing!
Waitrose Cookery School have kindly allowed me to share this recipe for the macarons we made. Each group had different food colours and flavours to use. The macarons I made had purple colouring and blackcurrant flavour buttercream. After sampling the others, my favourite flavour was the lemon. The buttercream filling was made for us, looking at the recipe it is quite different to buttercream fillings that I've made before but it tasted good so the extra effort is worth it!
Macarons ( Recipe from Waitrose Cookery School)
Italian Meringue
- 275 gram caster sugar
- 100 ml water
- 95 gram egg whites, approx 3 egg whites
- 1/2 tbsp food colouring, we used purple gel, you may need less if not using gel so add a little at a time
- 275 gram ground almonds
- 275 gram icing sugar
- 95 gram egg whites, approx 3 egg whites
- Pre heat your oven to 145 C. 275 F, Gas 1. Prepare 2 baking sheets by lining each with baking paper cut to size.
- To make the Italian meringue add the sugar and 100 mls of water to a saucepan, mix together. Add food colouring and turn on the heat. Use a sugar thermometer to keep an eye on the temperature.
- While the sugar and water are heating place 95 grams of egg whites into a mixer with the whisk attachment. I think a stand mixer is best for this if you have one. We used the Kenwood kMix stand mixer. When the temperature of the sugar water reaches 110 C turn on the mixer to medium, so the whites get frothy by the time the sugar water reaches the right temperature.
- When the sugar water reaches 114 C remove the thermometer and quickly pour into the, by now frothy, egg whites. Pour in down the side of the bowl to avoid splashing and turn the mixer onto full speed for about 5 minutes. The meringue should be glossy and form soft peaks, holding its shape on a spoon, if it drips off the whisk a little longer.
- While the meringue is whisking make the paste by mixing together the icing sugar, ground almonds and 95 grams of egg whites. Use a wooden spoon to mix the ingredients into a stiff paste.
- Add the whipped meringue to the paste in 3 stages. Add a third of meringue to the paste and carefully fold in, with the first addition make sure its mixed in well and that there are no lumps. The next two additions should be folded in much more gently. Be sure not to over mix.
- The meringue can now be piped, fill a piping bag to the half way point. Pipe a tiny bit of meringue under each corner of baking paper to stick the paper to the baking sheet and keep it still.
- Pipe small rounds of meringue, trying to keep them all a similar size. We were told to keep the piping nozzle close to the baking sheet, dont pipe from a height. Leave approximately 2 cm between each macaron. Continue until both trays have been piped.
- Bake for 17-19 minutes, when cooked remove from the oven and allow to cool.
Buttercream Filling (Recipe from Waitrose Cookery School)
This recipe is for the raspberry buttercream but you could change the flavour to suit, we had blackcurrant added to ours.
- 120 grams raspberry coulis
- 45 grams caster sugar
- 2 egg yolks
- 200 grams unsalted butter, diced and chilled
- Heat the coulis on a medium heat.
- In another bowl whisk together the egg yolks and sugar.
- When the coulis begins to boil take a little and add it to the egg yolk mix. Whisk together then pour all of this mix into the saucepan with the remainder of the coulis. Using a spatula stir over a low heat and either when the mix coats the back of the spatula pour it into a mixer with the whisk attachment.
- After whisking for 2 minutes add the diced butter piece by piece until it's all added and whisk until the buttercream is thick, shiny and smooth.
- Spoon the buttercream into a piping bag for piping onto the macarons.
To assemble the macarons put the macaron shells into pairs, matching up similarly sized shells. Pipe some buttercream into the middle of a shell and sandwich together.
Some of the lovely Kenwood products on display. Arent they gorgeous? That pink coffee maker was my favourite!
This is not a sponsored post although I did receive a lovely goody bag on the evening. I just thought it would be nice to share my experience. Many thanks to Kenwood and the Waitrose cookery School for a lovely evening.


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Create Form In Elementor
The Elementor plugin is a WordPress plugin that allows you to create product pages. Its user-friendly interface allows you to choose a pre-designed template or create a custom one. The plugin also lets you add different widgets and styles. The eye icon allows you preview the page before publishing. When you are done, click the Activate button to activate it on your website. The Elementor dashboard will appear and allow you to customize your theme and content.
The Elementor Plugin can design 100% of your WordPress website. The plugin comes with a Hello template that you can customize to your liking. In addition to creating header and single-post templates, the plugin can also create custom widgets for your posts, pages, and portfolio. After the initial installation, you can modify your plugin settings. The best part about Elementor is its ability to customize all of your site's layout and design.
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Elementor is compatible with all WordPress themes and requires that your site is active. Simply go to the Elementor Plugin page, and click "Install Now" to activate the plugin. You can then create your page. You can add a few widgets by clicking on them and then modifying their settings. After you have made changes, click on the Preview button to see the changes. If you've changed your mind and are unsure of what to do next, you can easily change it back.
You must have a WordPress website in order to install Elementor. Once you have verified that your site meets these requirements, log into the admin page of the website and click "Install Now". Once the plugin has been installed, activate it. The free trial version of the plugin is available for download. To gain access to the help centre and more features, you can upgrade to the premium version. You can create and use your website within minutes after you have installed the Elementor Plugin.
The Elementor Plugin can be downloaded for free. It's easy to install. You can find it by using the plugin's search bar. Once installed, you'll find it in the side menu of your WordPress site. After installing the plugin, you can tweak its settings to suit your needs. The Elementor pixel perfect template is compatible with all WordPress themes. Its reusable layouts make it possible to adapt the code to different devices and browsers.
The Elementor Plugin offers many advanced features. It is a powerful WordPress editor. Its three main building blocks are Sections, Columns, and Widgets. The widgets are the main building blocks in Elementor. You can also insert widgets to the sidebars. There are more than 200 pre-designed templates available. It works with all types of WordPress websites.
The Elementor plugin offers many customization options. Its library contains over 300 ready-made templates that can be used for different types content. You can choose to customize an element or use the default theme. They can also choose whether to use the plugin's default settings or set up advanced rules for their page. The plugin supports CSS transposition. The Pro version of Elementor offers more advanced features than free.
The zip file can be downloaded from the official website. After installing the plugin, activate it and begin designing pages. If you need full-width pages, select the option Elementor Full Width. The page layout drop-down will display the content that fits on the screen. If you need to adjust the layout of the page, you can add widgets. You can also use the Elementor Plugin to create a custom menu or a contact form.


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DHAKA, Bangladesh (AP) — Bangladesh's finance minister downplayed the impact of last week's factory-building collapse on his country's garment industry, saying Friday he didn't think it was "really serious" hours after the 500th body was pulled from the debris.
Finance Minister Abul Maal Abdul Muhith spoke as the government cracked down on those it blamed for the disaster in the Dhaka suburb of Savar. It suspended Savar's mayor and arrested an engineer who had called for the building's evacuation last week, but was also accused of helping the owner add three illegal floors to the eight-story structure. The building owner was arrested earlier.
The government appears to be attempting to fend off accusations that it is in part to blame for the tragedy because of weak oversight of the building's construction.
During a visit to the Indian capital, New Delhi, Muhith said the disaster would not harm Bangladesh's garment industry, which is by far the country's biggest source of export income.
"The present difficulties … well, I don't think it is really serious — it's an accident," he said. "And the steps that we have taken in order to make sure that it doesn't happen, they are quite elaborate and I believe that it will be appreciated by all."
The government made similar promises after a garment factory fire five months ago that killed 112, saying it would inspect factories for safety and pull the licenses of those that failed. However, that plan has yet to be implemented.
Asked if he was worried that foreign retailers might pull orders from his country, Muhith said he wasn't: "These are individual cases of … accidents. It happens everywhere."
Muhith, a long-time government official from a prominent family, has been criticized for insensitive comments in the past — even by his own party. Last year when thousands of small investors lost their savings and poured into the streets seeking government intervention, Muhith said it wasn't responsible and the investors were at fault.
The official death toll from the April 24 collapse reached 519 Friday and was expected to climb, making it likely the deadliest garment-factory accident in world history. It surpassed long-ago disasters such as New York's Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire, which killed 146 workers in 1911, and more recent tragedies such as a 2012 fire that killed about 260 people in Pakistan and one in Bangladesh that same year that killed 112.
At the site of the collapse, workers carefully used cranes to remove the concrete rubble and continue the slow task of recovering bodies. The official number of missing has been 149 since Wednesday, though unofficial estimates are higher.
"We are still proceeding cautiously so that we get the bodies intact," said Maj. Gen. Chowdhury Hassan Suhwardy, the commander of the area's army garrison supervising the rescue operation.
A government investigator said Friday that substandard building materials, combined with the vibration of the heavy machines used by the five garment factories inside the Rana Plaza building, led to the horrific collapse.
Mainuddin Khandkar, the head of a government committee investigating the disaster, said substandard rods, cement, bricks and other weak materials were used in the building's construction.
About 15 minutes before the collapse, the building was hit by a power blackout, so its heavy generators were turned on, shaking the weakened structure, Khandkar said.
"The vibration created by machines and generators operating in the five garment factories contributed first to the cracks and then the collapse," he said, adding that a final report would be soon submitted to the government.
Police official Ohiduzzaman said Friday that engineer Abdur Razzak Khan was arrested a day earlier on a charge of negligence. He said Khan worked as a consultant to Rana Plaza owner Mohammed Sohel Rana when the illegal three-floor addition was made to the building.
Rana called Khan to inspect the building after it developed cracks on April 23, local media reported. That night Khan appeared on a private television station saying that after his inspection he told Rana to evacuate the building because it was not safe.
Khan, a former engineer at Jahangirnagar University near Savar, said he told government engineers the building needed to be examined further.
Police ordered the building evacuated, but witnesses say Rana told people gathered outside the next morning that the building was safe and that garment factory managers told their workers to go inside. It collapsed hours later.
Authorities also suspended the mayor of Savar, Mohammad Refatullah, for alleged negligence, said Abu Alam, a top official of the local government ministry.
Alam said an official investigation had found that the mayor ignored rules in approving the design and layout of the doomed building. The mayor is from the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party, which has criticized his suspension as politically motivated.
The government also effectively suspended Kabir Hossain Sardar, the top government administrator at Savar, following reports that he declared the building safe after inspecting the cracks a day before the collapse. Sardar had close links with Rana. Alam said the government was taking action against everyone involved with Rana and his building.
Rana was arrested earlier and is expected to be charged with negligence, illegal construction and forcing workers to join work, crimes punishable by a maximum of seven years in jail. Authorities have not said if more serious crimes will be added.
The Bangladesh High Court has ordered the government to confiscate Rana's property and freeze the assets of the owners of the factories in Rana Plaza so the money can be used to pay the salaries of their workers.
The minimum wage for a garment worker is $38 a month, after being nearly doubled this year following violent protests by workers. According to the World Bank, the per capita income in Bangladesh was about $64 a month in 2011.
Among the garment makers in the building were Phantom Apparels, Phantom Tac, Ether Tex, New Wave Style and New Wave Bottoms.


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CAMPBELL, CALIFORNIA—As I stand in AOptix' demo room, I stare down the cameras built into a plastic column, reminiscent of the public safety call boxes I remember from college. I've never had my iris scanned before, and I'm asked to remove my glasses first.
The column blares out at me on a small screen: LOOK HERE.
I look. A small glow of red infrared light fills part of the column above the screen, and in just a few seconds, I'm confirmed: OK.
About a minute before, I had consented to give my iris data to the company. The tower, known as InSight Duo, took a scan of my iris to set up the "known record" of me. Had this been a real-life airport security station and my iris already part of its records, InSight could scan me in a few seconds, and I could be on my way.
The company claims it can scan more accurately, more quickly (six seconds), and at a greater distance (two meters) than any of its competitors. Most conventional iris scanners have to be used at a much closer distance and be held for far longer than six seconds. If AOptix is right, the company's InSight Duo iris scanner will become the norm in airports and border crossings around the world, changing, and hopefully improving, the way we all experience security checkpoints. However, like any new identity technology, privacy questions abound.
For now, AOptix isn't the only one who thinks it's on the right track. In August 2012, AOptix announced it had received an additional round of $42 million in venture capital. In a recently published white paper, entitled "The Future Passenger Experience," (PDF) the company outlines its hope for a future with its iris scanners across airports.
"In an InSight-based eGate, a traveler would pass through border control by first scanning his biometric passport on the eGate and then authenticating his biometric record with the InSight," the company writes. "Once authenticated, the eGate will open and allow the passenger to continue on to baggage claim. The whole process could take between five and ten seconds. This integration makes for a fast, hassle-free experience for the passenger, removing much of the potential aggravation associated with a manual immigration process."
Two years from now: 200 million irises annually?
While the company has struggled to gain deployment around the United States—limited so far to a handful of Department of Defense facilities—AOptix has some of its devices in London's Gatwick airport. So far, however, its best deployment has come in Qatar. Last year, the company announced the completion of bringing its InSight Duo scanners to all Qatari air, sea, and the country's only land border with Saudi Arabia. All travelers entering or leaving the country must have their iris recorded into an immigration database.
Dubai International Airport, one of the region's most trafficked airports, has also been testing the scanners. They say it has reduced its immigration wait time from an average of 49 minutes to just under one minute. The company says it's targeting other airports in the region, but declined to specify which ones. (Also, in the Arabic-speaking locations, the scanners are bilingual, displaying text in Arabic and English).
"If our business goes according to plan, we'll be transacting on the order of 100 million passengers [annually] in 18 to 24 months, worldwide," Joseph Pritikin, the company's director of product marketing, told me in a recent interview at the company's headquarters.
American airports and locations will be a bit more difficult, though, as they tend to have more government scrutiny and much more competitive bidding.
Still, if Pritikin is right, the privately held Silicon Valley company stands to make a nice chunk of change selling the scanners at $40,000 a pop. After all, the size of the global airport security market is expected to reach $2.6 billion by the end of the year, according to the industry analysis firm IHS. Beyond airports, iris scanning is also used at other high-security areas, such as police facilities, banks, data centers, and military installations. A New Jersey school even installed it back in 2006.
Pritikin argues that one of the main reasons why people find air travel so frustrating is that they have to wait in lines, primarily at airport security and immigration stations. Air travel, more than any other form of transportation, has significant bottlenecks that require identity and document verification.
"You have so many people going through these airports," he added. "There's limited floor space. If you want to scale, automation is a great way to scale. [Airport executives are asking themselves]: 'How do I get 10 million more passengers through this year than last year?'"
After all, who among us wouldn't rather spend our free time in airports eating, drinking, surfing the 'Net, and shopping—rather than standing in the immigration queue?
Hacking an iris code
Iris scanning-based identification was first theorized way back in the 1930s, but was not made commercially available until the 1990s. The iris is particularly advantageous as a biometric. The random fluctuations established in the pattern of the iris are established in early childhood, do not change over time, and carry unique characteristics—even genetic twins have unique irises.
In addition, the iris can be scanned at a distance, unlike fingerprints which always involve physical touch. That means it can be used by cultures and people sensitive to touching a surface that others have also used. Better yet, iris scanners look for 240 distinct points of difference, as opposed to only a few dozen for fingerprints.
Today, most commercial eye scanners use an algorithm developed by John Daugman, an American mathematician who now works in the United Kingdom. The Cambridge-based physics professor also says he's been impressed with AOptix' technology and calls himself a "supporter."
"Within the field of iris recognition, I would say [AOptix] is currently the best 'at-a-distance' acquisition interface," he told Ars.
Once the image of the iris is taken, the donut-shaped image of the iris (minus the pupil) is stretched out into a rectangle. Then, the minute differences found within the grayscale image are detected and run through a cryptographic formula.
Once complete, that output is known as an "iris code," or a binary representation of the image. That code is securely kept in the corporate or government database as the established record of the person. When that person comes back to the iris scanner at a sensitive location, the new scan repeats that process, comparing the new iris code to that original. It was previously believed that an iris code could not be reverse engineered to create a synthetic iris image.
However, in July, a team of American and Spanish researchers presented a way to do just that. By taking a given iris code, they were able to reconstruct an artificial image of a fake iris that looked very similar to the real thing. That should certainly give security experts pause.
AOptix representatives, though, say this result, while interesting, probably wouldn't happen in real life.
First, the breach presumes access to the iris code itself, which normally would be under strong security and strong cryptography. Second, producing a fake iris on a screen is not the same thing as a fake iris that a scanner would believe is the real thing. AOptix' scanners, in addition to examining the iris, look for other corresponding facial features to make sure that the iris in question is actually a real face.
"It had nothing to do with a scanner," Pritikin added.
AOptix, though, as a private company, has declined to release its proprietary hardware specifications and its source code.
Privacy: I can see clearly now
Privacy experts remain concerned though. As more and more biometrics become more widespread, it is a risky proposition to use as the primary way to identify travelers. Plus, why should we, the traveling public, trust a private company to retain our iris records safely?
"Information security will be critical for the use of iris scanners," writes Woodrow Hartzog, a privacy expert and professor at the Cumberland School of Law at Samford University, in an e-mail sent to Ars.
"One of the most significant problems with biometrics is that the compromise of personal data is presumptively permanent. New passwords can always be created, but we've only got one set of eyeballs and fingerprints. Biometric identification systems have been compromised in the past, sometimes with relative ease. A significant enough data breach could render an entire verification system unreliable."
It's a fair point, too. The company has no stated privacy policy anywhere on its website, nor does it explain what cryptographic standards and techniques it uses to keep the data that it does collect.
"With the use of biometric technologies becoming increasingly prevalent in the public and private sectors, AOptix is committed to encouraging awareness of privacy issues for users and deployers of biometrics, as well as adherence to protective approaches to managing personal information when such technologies are deployed," a company spokesperson wrote in an e-mail sent to Ars.
"We agree that it is important to help provide clarity and the latest information on the topic. AOptix is in fact in the process of revamping its website. As part of that process, we plan to add more information on the topic."
Still, that hasn't been good enough for many critics.
"Privacy does not exist for [AOptix]," Ann Cavoukian, information and privacy commissioner of Ontario, told BusinessWeek last month.
Beyond the security and private custody of such data, others suggest that scanning people's eyes won't do very much in terms of screening out ne'er-do-wells, miscreants, and criminal suspects. After all, nearly all bad guys have eyes too.
"All of these identification technologies only work if there is this master list of bad guys," writes Bruce Schneier, a well-known security expert and author, in an e-mail to Ars. "Of course, there's no such list."
Perhaps though, these criticisms miss the point of iris scanning. It may not be necessarily better than what we have already—humans examining our identity documents—but it should be a whole lot faster and cheaper. And that pre-flight hour spent at the airport now may be precisely why we could see iris scanners in our future.


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