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Gisolfi,Peter. [http://www.nyla.org/content/user_10/JLAMS_10_11V7N2.pdf "Library Architecture Influences Library Efficiency."] Journal of the Library Administration and Management Section, New York Library Association; Spring 2010-2011; Vol. 7, No. 2 (p. 23 of the PDF).
Gisolfi,Peter. [http://www.nyla.org/content/user_10/JLAMS_10_11V7N2.pdf "Library Architecture Influences Library Efficiency."] Journal of the Library Administration and Management Section, New York Library Association; Spring 2010-2011; Vol. 7, No. 2 (p. 23 of the PDF).
Revision as of 15:58, 29 November 2012
- 1 About
- 2 Resources and Bibliography
- 2.1 Books
- 2.2 Blogs
- 2.3 Special Types of Library Buildings
- 2.4 Libraries with Certain Features
- 3 Signage
Most librarians don't build a library more than once or twice in our careers, if even then, though many of us undertake renovation projects of various sizes, or a library move. This page offers the key places to start researching the process.
Most often it is the library administrator who, using statistics and a benchmarking process, discussions of use patterns, and projections for the future, makes the case for beginning a building or renovation plan.
Rough estimates as to the funding needed can be determined from the annual reports of similar building projects referenced on ALA Library Fact Sheet Number 11: Building Libraries and Library Additions: A Selected Annotated Bibliography, but a detailed feasibility study, and architect and contractor support, may prove necessary to determine the extent of funds needed to be raised. Most jurisdictions require an architect to do specific planning, but a library building consultant may be helpful to the library administrator in evaluating the current building and making recommendations--and for helping to communicate the specific library needs. Throughout, the needs of the community served and the overall program of the library dictate the building plans. Planning and assessment is key! See also the Request for Proposal (RFP) page for resources on finding sample library building RFPs.
Resources and Bibliography
ALA Library Fact Sheet Number 11: Building Libraries and Library Additions: A Selected Annotated Bibliography
"Body-conscious Design in a Teen Space: Post-occupancy Evaluation of an Innovative Public Library," by Galen Cranz and Eunah Cha. Public Libraries, Vol. 45, no. 6 (Nov/Dec 2006) p. 48-56. (PDF -- p. 46 of 84)
Helpful Library Building Links--Space Planning
"Borrowed Time", photo-essay on changing role of central public libraries, from Slate Magazine.
ACRL/LAMA Guide for Architects: Guide For Planning Higher Education Library Spaces
Andrzejewski Greg. "General Considerations for Library Layout," Posted on December 5, 2008.
Bernier, Anthony. "A Space for Myself to Go: Early Patterns in Small YA Spaces." Public Libraries, September/October 2009, p. 33-47.
Cranz, Galen and Eunah Cha. 2006. "Body-conscious Design in a Teen Space: Post-occupancy Evaluation of an Innovative Public Library." Public Libraries, Vol. 45, no. 6, p. 48-56.
Dahlgren, Anders. Space Needs for Public Libraries in the 21st Century Presentation slides for WAPL conference, May 8, 2009.
Gisolfi,Peter. "Library Architecture Influences Library Efficiency." Journal of the Library Administration and Management Section, New York Library Association; Spring 2010-2011; Vol. 7, No. 2 (p. 23 of the PDF).
Libris DESIGN was a library facility planning information system and downloadable database that was developed for California Public Library planners. Most helpful for library building purposes was the Libris Design Planning Documentation, retrieved here via the Internet Archive, which was a set of reports, as DOC and PDF files, covering various interior and exterior library building topics and issues. Put http://librisdesign.org/docs/index.html into the box for the Internet Archive Wayback Machine to access the reports on:
- Acoustics for Libraries
- Collection Preservation in Library Building Design
- Cost Estimating Simplified
- Daylighting Design in Libraries
- Furniture and Shelving: Specification and Bidding
- Furniture for Libraries
- Library Collection Storage
- Library Interior Finish Materials
- Library Security
- Library Stacks and Shelving
- Lighting for Libraries
- Renovation or a New Library: A Planning Process
- Site Selection
- Sustainable Library Design
- Technology Infrastructure Design for Libraries
- Universal Access in Libraries
- Wayfinding and Signage in Library Design
Bailey, D. Russell, and Barbara Tierney. Transforming Library Service Through Information Commons: Case Studies for the Digital Age. Chicago: American Library Association, 2008.
Bolan, Kimberly. Teen Spaces: The Step-by-Step Library Makeover. 2nd ed. Chicago: American Library Association, 2009.
Farrelly, Michael Garrett. Make Room for Teens!: Reflections on Developing Teen Spaces in Libraries. Santa Barbara, California: Libraries Unlimited, 2011.
Piotrowicz, Lynn M., and Scott Osgood. Building Science 101: A Primer for Librarians. Chicago: American Library Association, 2010.
Woodward, Jeannette. Countdown to a New Library: Managing the Building Project. 2nd ed. Chicago: ALA, 2010.
Designing Better Libraries: Exploring the Application of Design, Innovation, and New Media to Create Better Libraries and User Experiences. Blog started February 12, 2007.
Special Types of Library Buildings
Public Library in Apartment Building
Public Library in Grocery Store
Public Library in Senior Center
Public Library in Shopping Mall
Public Library with Arts Center
Public Library with Museum
Libraries with Certain Features
Libraries with Coffee Shops
Libraries with a Theater/Auditorium
2009. "FireSign Digital Signage in Libraries." Public Libraries 48, no. 5: 64.
Abram, Stephen. 2007. "Signs." One-Person Library 23, no. 12: 9.
Bosman, Ellen, and Carol Rusinek. 1997. "Creating the user-friendly library by evaluating patron perceptions of signage." Reference Services Review 25, no. 1: 71.
Johnson, Carolyn. 1993. "Signs of the times: Signage in the library." Wilson Library Bulletin 68, no. 3: 40.
Larson, Kendall and Allison Quam. "The Modernization of Signs: A library leads the way to Networked Digital Signage." Computers in Libraries. v. 30, no. 3, April 2010, p. 36-38
McMorran, Charles, and Veronica Reynolds. 2010. "Sign-a-Palooza." Computers in Libraries 30, no. 8: 6-9, 47. How one library replaced cluttery small signs with digital display.
Pollet, Dorothy. 1976. "New directions in library signage: you can get there from here." Wilson Library Bulletin 50, no. 6: 456-462.
Stanley, John. 2004. "Signs dos and don'ts." Library & Information Update 3, no. 4: 25.
Wayfinding and Signage in Library Design -- http://librisdesign.org/docs/WayfindingSignage.pdf
White, Leah L. "Signage: Better None Than Bad." American Libraries (On My Mind Column), 07/12/2010.


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Tiger Woods figured it was worth going public about his relationship with Olympic ski champion Lindsey Vonn rather than having paparazzi make money off them.
The star athletes simultaneously posted messages on their Facebook pages this week to confirm they are dating. The 14-time major champion included four studio photos of himself and Vonn, both smiling in a casual setting - he, in blue jeans and a white golf shirt; she, in a light blue warm-up jacket. Vonn posted one of the photos on her page.
Woods has been fiercely private when it comes to his personal life, even before his downfall in November 2009 over multiple extramarital affairs.
So why now?
''Well, it's very simple,'' Woods said Wednesday at the Arnold Palmer Invitational. ''We're very happy where we're at, but also we wanted to limit the `stalkarazzi' and all those sleazy websites that are out there following us. I've had situations where it's been very dangerous for my kids and the extent they'll go to. We basically devalued the first photos. Unfortunately, that's just the way it is in our society right now, and we felt like it was the best thing to do. I'm very happy about it.''
Despite his worldwide fame, Woods has never liked anyone making money off him. He once sued a painter for a series of numbered prints that included Woods winning the Masters in 1997. He had an island to himself when he got married in 2004 and brought along a golf photographer he knew to take pictures. After his two children were born, their pictures were released through a photo agency.
Woods is no stranger to paparazzi. Photographers hounded him and his ex-wife, Elin Nordegren, for weeks after he crashed his SUV into a fire hydrant and his serial infidelity came to light in 2009. No one saw Woods for nearly three months after the accident, though the paparazzi managed to get photos of Elin without a wedding ring - something industry experts said was worth about $20,000.
The day after Woods spoke publicly for the first time, from the TPC Sawgrass clubhouse, his managers released photos of Woods jogging through the neighborhood.
This was the first time Woods has confirmed he was dating anyone since his divorce in August 2010.
''This season has been great so far and I'm happy with my wins at Torrey and Doral,'' Woods said in his Facebook message. ''Something nice that's happened off the course was meeting Lindsey Vonn. Lindsey and I have been friends for some time, but over the last few months we have become very close and are now dating.''

subset: commoncrawl


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Front Runners List: Click to see list completion progress by climbers that log their climbs using Peakbagger.com.
Compare Climbers: Click to compare ascents of up to 5 climbers working on this list.
This list of ten peaks shows all the county high points in the 48 contiguous United States that meet these three criteria:
Every peak on this list, therefore, is exceptionally prominent, physically demanding, and technically difficult. They represent the "cream of the cream" of U.S. county high points outside Alaska. Note that since the list is limited to county high point peaks, that could be considered a fourth criterion and therefore the list is kind of a "quadruple crown".
Note that to qualify as a list completer, you must actually climb over 5000 feet to reach the summit of these peaks. Normally that is not an issue, since by definition the highest trailheads require that gain. An exception is Mount Hood, where many climbers use a charilift or snow-cat to get a higher start, and doing that means you can not technically claim completion of this list. Same thing goes for using a snowmobile to get high on Mount Baker. The other 8 peaks are ringed by wilderness where regulations prohibit any motorized transport.
= Peak with Rank #1 on List;   = Other Peaks
This page has been served 1428545 times since 2004-11-01.


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Not too long ago I was reading the book The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925by Herbert Gutman (New York: Random House, 1976). This book is considered a standard in the field of the study of enslaved families, though it also has many opponents.
Reading the book through the eyes of a genealogist who specializes in the study of enslaved families, I was struck by a weakness in Gutman's methodology. While he does indeed utilize a wide variety of record groups, making the greatest use of Freedmen's Bureau records and manuscript plantation records, Gutman only uses a single record group for any individual slave or group of slaves. As a genealogist we know that we must examine all relevant records in order to come to a genealogical conclusion. Gutman's conclusions about the families he discusses should have been bolstered through the use of federal census enumerations, tax lists, probate records, and the combination of deeds and maps. Yet he does not use these records and his identifications of enslaved families suffer because of this negligence.
But the bottom line for Gutman was not how specific slaves were related. His identification of the relationships between various slaves served only to demonstrate the truth of his conclusions. This is the difference between historians and genealogists. For the genealogist, the identification of an individual or specific relationships among various individuals are the conclusions we seek. For the historian, these identifications are the evidence upon which their conclusions are formed. The conclusions are much more generalized. Gutman believed that "enslaved families did this" while his detractors and opponents believe that "enslaved families did that." Whether these conclusions are true for a specific family is beside the point.
I read quite a bit of historical research to improve my genealogical research. Books, journal articles, and dissertations all express the latest thoughts of this or that historian. I appreciate these perspectives because they help me blend my genealogical research methodologies with more generalized historical research methodologies.
Understanding the generalities can provide significant insight into the families I am researching. Did they behave in a manner common to others of their background in that location during that time period? Or were they "odd men out"? This may help to explain and identify their actions throughout their lives.
This is just a single example of how historical research can inform genealogical research.
I began this essay by speaking of the weaknesses of Gutman's study. Had his conclusions been based on a more methodological–and genealogical–study of the relevant evidence, rather than a select group of records, his conclusions would have been far more, well, conclusive.
This is a single example of how genealogical research can inform historical research.
I recently became aware of the work of Mark Auslander. Dr. Auslander is an Associate Professor of Anthropology and the Director of the Museum of Culture and Environment at Central Washington University, in Ellensburg, Washington.
In an interview concerning his book, The Accidental Slaveowner: Revisiting a Myth of Race and Finding an American Family, Dr. Auslander described a research trail that will sound familiar to genealogists:
I had learned at the National Archives in Washington D.C. that Kitty's second son was named Russell Nathan Boyd; might he have been named for his father I asked Tolstoy, who purred approvingly. So I called up Freedman's Savings Bank records on Ancestry.com, and lo and behold, there was a "Nathan Boyd," opening a bank account in Atlanta in 1871, listing as his wife "Catherine, Dead" and as his eldest son, "Alfred Boyd." That led me and my wife to Keosauqua, Iowa, where Alfred had settled after the Civil War, and along the trail of African Methodist Episcopal churches he had pastored in the midwest, leading to the church in Rockford, Illinois where his great grandson Mr. Caldwell, an enormously kind man in his eighties, served as trustee.[1]
Dr. Auslander even used Ancestry.com!
In another post, on his blog Cultural Productions, Dr. Auslander illustrates his philosophies on blending historical and genealogical research:
My recently completed book manuscript (The Accidental Slaveowner: Revisiting a Myth of the American South) attempts to integrate restorative cemetery work and genealogical research–in a way that is linked to a single institution of higher learning, Emory University.[2]
I have not yet read The Accidental Slaveowner, but it has been placed at the top of my "to-read" list.
I would like to applaud Dr. Mark Auslander, and his recognition of the value that genealogical research can have for historians.
[1] Derek Krisoff, "Mark Auslander interviewed about The Accidental Slave Owner," in Mark Auslander's The Accidental Slaveowner Blog, posted on 1 August 2011 (http://www.theaccidentalslaveowner.com/Mark_Auslander/Blog/Blog.html : accessed 27 Aug 2011).
[2] Mark Auslander, "Slavery and Academic Reparations," Cultural Productions blog, posted 4 Sep 2010 (http://culturalproductions.blogspot.com/ : accessed 27 Aug 2011).


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Rockford woman to witness canonization
A million people are expected in St. Peter's Square for the canonization ceremony Sunday of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II, but only 6,000 will watch from inside the diplomatic gate with special guests of Pope Francis and heads of state.
Janet Bedin will be one of them.
Bedin and her mother, Dolores, members of St. Anthony of Padua Church in Rockford, met Pope John Paul II several times. On one occasion, Bedin said, she received Communion from him.
Bedin has met Francis a handful of times, attending private Masses at Casa Santa Marta, the Vatican guest house. Just this past weekend, she attended Easter Mass at St. Peter's Basilica.
Bedin was in the square the night John Paul II died, holding vigil with the people of Rome. She attended the funeral, as well.
"I will never forget the pages blowing of the Bible on top of hid coffin right when the first reading was about to begin," Bedin said.
Bedin's father, Americo, died 16 years ago. Her mother, Dolores, died in 2011.
As her mother did, Bedin brings photographs of her loved ones on her Vatican visits in case there's time to have the pictures blessed. Bedin also uses the opportunity to speak with Vatican leaders about the dangers of guardian abuse in cases involving elderly patients.
Corina Curry: 815-987-1371; email@example.com; @corinacurry


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A committee of Colorado lawmakers revived a limit on stoned driving Wednesday, just two days after a different committee killed the proposal.
The limit — which would define a THC blood level at which juries could consider people too high to drive — died in a state Senate committee on Monday after lawmakers raised questions about the scientific certainty of the pot impairment measurement. It was the fourth time in three years that legislators in the Senate have rejected a stoned-driving limit.
The limit's resurrection came Wednesday in a hearing of the House state affairs committee, which heard a major bill on marijuana regulations. The sponsor of that bill, Denver Democratic Rep. Dan Pabon, proposed amending the stoned-driving limit into his bill, House Bill 1317.
"If we're going to allow marijuana to be legalized, we must have some standard," Pabon said.
The amendment drew support from several state officials. Deputy Attorney General David Blake told the committee his office wouldn't support the marijuana regulations in their entirety if a stoned-driving limit wasn't part of them. Later, Gov. John Hickenlooper posted on Twitter that he supports placing the stoned-driving provision in the regulatory bill.
But some lawmakers on the committee said the limit had already been considered and defeated.
"It's had its day in the legislature, and it will have its day next year," said Rep. Joe Salazar, D-Thornton.
The committee ultimately approved the limit on a 7-4 vote that crossed party lines.
Pabon's bill lays out the regulatory structure for Colorado's forthcoming recreational marijuana stores. As it is written, the bill allows marijuana growers and sellers to operate separately — the opposite of how "vertically integrated" medical-marijuana dispensaries operate and also contrary to the recommendations of a special state task force on recreational marijuana. Pabon abruptly pushed for the more open model at the last meeting of the legislative committee that wrote the bill, catching some of his colleagues off guard.
An open model benefits would-be marijuana entrepreneurs who don't already have a stake in medical-marijuana businesses. An unusual alliance of law enforcement officials and medical-marijuana business owners emerged to oppose the open model.
On Wednesday, Pabon said he will offer a compromise that requires growers and sellers to operate under the same company until at least October 2014. After that, people could open stand-alone marijuana shops or wholesale cultivation businesses, Pabon said.
"The regulatory model you have in the bill will not be in the end proposal," he said.
A deeply divided state affairs committee passed the bill by a narrow 6-5 vote.
Lawmakers have only about two weeks to pass Pabon's bill and two others on marijuana regulations and taxes before the end of the session.
John Ingold: 303-954-1068, firstname.lastname@example.com or twitter.com/john_ingold


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WICHITA, Kan. (AP) Wichita fire officials say a woman is lucky to be alive after she was nearly crushed in a garbage truck.
Battalion Chief Frank Buck says the woman crawled into a trash bin while looking for scrap metal early Thursday.
Jeff Gillis, the Waste Management driver, told KFDI that he emptied the trash receptacle into his truck and was preparing to press a button to compact the garbage when the woman's sister drove up and stopped him. When the driver turned off the engine, he and his sister could hear the woman's screams.
Firefighters were called to rescue the woman and had to dig through the debris by hand to reach her.
The woman was taken to a hospital but firefighters said she wasn't seriously hurt.


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When it comes to fitness, doing the same workout over and over again is not only boring, it may even lead to burnout. The beginning of the year is the perfect time to avoid this common trap by setting new goals and challenging yourself to new things. Here's some great inspiration from top trainers on how you can switch things up in your fitness routine in 2013:
Jessica Matthews, MS, ACE-CPT, ACE-GFI, E-RYT
"This year I'm mixing up my workouts by integrating new fitness classes into my weekly workout routine. From Pure Barre to SurfSET Fitness classes, it's been fun to add more variety to my fitness routine and challenge my body in ways that are very different from how I normally tend to train. I've also just made the switch over to new running shoes (specifically Nike Flex Running Shoes), opting for a lighter, more flexible shoe that gives more of a barefoot-like feel while still providing some cushioning and support. One of my goals this year is to run a half-marathon to help raise money for a good cause, and now that I've settled on the event that I'm doing (Rock n Roll half marathon in June!) it's important that I have the right footwear to start training!"
Jessica Smith, certified wellcoach and fitness lifestyle expert
"I'd say one of the things I am doing different lately is really letting my body dictate the style and intensity level that I choose for my workouts that day. Instead of planning out a week's worth of workouts and forcing myself to stick to that schedule, I simply check in with my body to see what is best for me in that particular moment. On the days I feel really energetic, I'll push myself with some HIIT or heavier weight training, on days when my energy feels lower, I'll do something more gentle like walking, or a fusion of different styles like dance, yoga or Pilates. Overall, its helped me feel better and more balanced with my energy, stress levels and I never, ever dread a workout."
Cris Dobrosielski, ACE-CPT
"Contrasting 1 day high-intensity full-body resistance training with a day of moderate intensity aerobic intervals on/in the water (either swimming, paddle boarding or kayaking). On days where I can't get to the water I go to a local hill and do combinations of walking, jogging, and skipping drills up the side of the hill mountain."
Keli Roberts, ACE-CPT, ACE-GFI, 2003 IDEA International Fitness Instructor of the Year
"My personal workouts: Road ride climbs, such as Angeles Crest Highway or a bunch of climbs above the Rose Bowl. Flat fast group rides to keep my bike handling skills sharp and improve my power output over long hard intervals. Mountain bike rides, since I'll be doing some MTB rides I need to keep my skills sharp. Off the bike? Stretching, core training. I get a lot of power endurance training in my classes since I'm teaching HIIT classes twice/three times a week."
Anthony Carey, MA, CSCS, ACE-AHFS
"I have embraced the use of a heart rate monitor to be more objective in all my workouts. This has helped me gauge when I need to work harder beyond perceived exertion and be dedicated to an effective cool down period."
Pete McCall, MS, CSCS, ACE-CPT
"I've been playing with barbell complexes – doing a series of barbell exercises one right after the other. For example: Romanian deadlifts to bent-over rows to front squats to push presses; 10 reps of each exercise with no rest in between a great way to jack up the heart rate while improving strength."
Rob Glick, Group Fitness Instructor, Schwinn Cycling and BOSU master trainer
"The main thing I try to do now is mix it up! The only real consistency I have in my program is a regular yoga practice. Otherwise, I look to have one to two days of HIIT training, 2 days of variable intensity below AT threshold training, and 1 to 2 days of steady state training."
Cari Shoemate, ACE-CPT
"This year I'm planning to change up my strength training a bit so that my routine is more dynamic. This will involve mixing light/heavy weights, using TRX, resistance bands, new machines and a variety of other equipment to keep my muscles guessing. I'm also planning to try new fitness classes around town this year so I can stay on top of the latest trends. Plus, it will be a good way for me to cross-train!"


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Pain Management and Addiction Medicine
Feb 16, 2018 – Feb 18, 2018
Whistler - Fairmont Château Whistler
Tuition Discount
Past Attendees Save $50: Past MCE Conferences attendees (within the previous three years) automatically receive a $50 discount at checkout.
Bring a Friend or Colleague and Save $50: If you are attending with another healthcare professional you are eligible for a $50 discount.
Overview & Agenda
Program Schedule
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Other Upcoming Conferences
Primary Care Update: Addiction Medicine, Burnout, Orthopedics, Sports Medicine
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Register Early! In order to provide a quality and interactive CME program, MCE Conferences will limit the amount of registrations per conference. Some conferences may have a lower registration limit due to the destination logistics and lodging availability.


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Do not get confused
Council of Europe
An international organisation in Strasbourg which comprises 46 countries of Europe. It was set up to promote democracy and protect human rights and the rule of law in Europe.
European Council
Institution of the European Union, consisting of the heads of state or government from the member states together with the President of the European Commission, for the purpose of planning Union policy.
European Union (EU)
The EU currently has 27 members that have delegated some of their sovereignty so that decisions on specific matters of joint interest can be made democratically at European level. No country has ever joined the EU without first belonging to the Council of Europe.
Parliamentary Assembly
The deliberative body of the Council of Europe, composed of 306 representatives (and the same number of substitutes) appointed by the 46 member states' national parliaments.
European Parliament
The parliamentary body of the European Union which comprises 705 European Members of Parliament of the 27 European Union countries, elected by universal suffrage.
European Court of Human Rights
Based in Strasbourg, this is the only truly judicial organ established by the European Convention on Human Rights. It is composed of one Judge for each State party to the Convention and ensures, in the last instance, that contracting states observe their obligations under the Convention. Since November 1998, the Court has operated on a full-time basis.
International Court of Justice
Judicial body of the United Nations, which is based in The Hague.
Court of Justice of the European Union
Based in Luxembourg and ensures compliance with the law in the interpretation and application of the European Treaties of the European Union.
European Convention on Human Rights
Council of Europe treaty securing civil and political rights. The European Court of Human Rights oversees the implementation of the Convention. Its judgments are binding on the countries concerned.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Adopted by the United Nations in 1948 in order to strengthen the protection of human rights at international level.
Charter of Fundamental Rights
European Union text on human rights and fundamental freedoms, adopted in 2000.
Did you know?
The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities is a political assembly whose members represent over 150 000 local and regional authorities throughout Europe.


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Pictures:The dog in the left of the picture may be the most expensive dog on record. It was bought for about $1.9 million in China earlier this week.
The 1-year-old Tibetan Mastiff was purchased by an unnamed property developer at a 'luxury pet' fair on Tuesday, according to AFP. The developer paid 12 million yuan, beating a previous record of 10 million yuan – which is about $1.5 million – paid for another Tibetan Mastiff in 2011.
The American Kennel Club describes the breed as an 'aloof and watchful guardian' with origins dating back to around 1100 BC in China. Males can weigh up to 150 pounds, and females up to 110 pounds, according to Animal Planet.
AFP reports that the high prices may be prompted by insider agreements among breeders to increase their dogs' worth, without money being exchanged.


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Venue Rental
Space Available for Rentals
The Filson Historical Society is a unique venue that blends the historic with the modern and provides a stunning background for any event. Several areas of the campus are available to be rented for dinners, retreats, meetings, receptions, or parties. The venues have access to 74 free parking spaces and wifi, as well as small catering areas. All of the Filson's facilities have accessible parking.
Visit the Filson
1310 S. 3rd St., Louisville, KY 40208
(502) 635-5083
Plan Your Visit to the Filson! To register or purchase tickets for our events, please visit our Events Page; for information on recorded lectures and other activities, please visit us online at Bringing History Home.
The Research Library is open Monday through Friday, 9 am to 4:30pm; we close at 12:30 pm on the third Friday of each month. Appointments are not required, but feel free to reserve a seat online – learn more here. We also continue to provide remote research services; please email gro.l1675609368aciro1675609368tsihn1675609368oslif1675609368@hcra1675609368eser1675609368.


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Nana's Doily Background
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Nana's Doily Background includes 1 design that can be re-sized to your desire.
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AUSTIN, Texas — Already an outcast in cycling after a massive doping report, Lance Armstrong absorbed hits much closer to home Wednesday: to his wallet and his heart.
Armstrong was dumped by Nike, Anheuser-Busch and other sponsors, and he gave up the top spot at Livestrong, his beloved cancer-fighting charity, a week after an anti-doping agency released evidence of drug use by the seven-time Tour de France winner.
Armstrong stepped down as chairman of Livestrong in an attempt to minimize the damage caused by the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency's report. USADA banned Armstrong from the sport for life and has ordered that his Tour titles be stripped, which could come before the end of the month.
"This organization, its mission and its supporters are incredibly dear to my heart," the cancer survivor said in a statement. "Today therefore, to spare the foundation any negative effects as a result of controversy surrounding my cycling career, I will conclude my chairmanship."
Minutes later, Nike dropped its personal sponsorship contract with him and issued a blistering statement that the company had been duped by his denials over the years.
"Due to the seemingly insurmountable evidence that Lance Armstrong participated in doping and misled Nike for more than a decade, it is with great sadness that we have terminated our contract with him. Nike does not condone the use of illegal performance enhancing drugs in any manner," the company said.
In 2001, the apparel company produced an anti-doping commercial, narrated by Armstrong, addressing allegations that he had used performance-enhancing drugs by mocking the question, "What am I on?" and answering that he trained on his bicycle "six hours a day."
Brewing giant Anheuser-Busch followed Nike's lead, saying: "We have decided not to renew our relationship with Lance Armstrong when our current contract expires at the end of 2012."
Soon after, other sponsors also cut ties with him. Among them were Trek bicycles and Honey Stinger, a maker of foods and gels for athletes.
"We are in the process of removing Lance Armstrong's image and endorsement from our product packaging," a Honey Stinger spokesman said. An image of Armstrong's signature that was on the site's front page earlier in the day appeared to be gone late Wednesday.
The FRS Co., which makes energy, diet and health drinks, said Armstrong had resigned from its board.
If there was a silver lining in the day for Armstrong, it was that his major sponsors said they will continue to support the charity, which started as the Lance Armstrong Foundation 15 years ago.
Another longtime sponsor, sportswear maker Oakley, said it is withholding a decision until the International Cycling Union — the governing body for cycling — decides if it will fight USADA's sanctions against Armstrong. UCI has until Oct. 31 to appeal USADA's sanctions against Armstrong to the world Court of Arbitration for Sport. If not, the penalties will stand.
Armstrong, who Forbes has estimated is worth about $125 million, was not paid a salary as Livestrong chairman and will remain on the charity's 15-member board. The duties of leading the board will be turned over to vice chairman Jeff Garvey, who was founding chairman in 1997.
Garvey will be responsible for big-picture strategic planning and will assume some of the public appearances and meetings that Armstrong used to handle.
At the entrance to the Livestrong headquarters in Austin, autographed framed yellow jerseys from each tour win are mounted on a wall near the entrance. Armstrong had a conference call with employees on Wednesday to explain his decision.
"I've been better and I've been worse," Livestrong President and CEO Doug Ulman quoted Armstrong as telling employees when asked how he was feeling.
Armstrong denies doping despite USADA's report, intended to explain its decision in August to punish Armstrong. He claims to have passed hundreds of drug tests but chose not to fight USADA in one of the agency's arbitration hearings, saying the process was biased against him.
Crisis management experts say the denials aren't enough to mitigate damage to Livestrong. Gene Grabowski, executive vice president of Levick, a Washington, D.C.-based crisis and issues management firm, called Armstrong's move a good one for the foundation.
"It helps take the bull's-eye off the chairman's back," Grabowski said. "It enables the charity to show it is taking the situation seriously. It probably won't satisfy everyone, but it will satisfy a good number of people. It's a step he had to take."
Kelly O'Keefe, professor of brand strategy at Virginia Commonwealth University, said it may be too late to completely salvage Livestrong's reputation. And Armstrong may never be able to fully resume his public role with the group, he said.
"From the brand perspective, Armstrong is done," O'Keefe said.
Unlike Tiger Woods and Michael Vick, athletes who also were embroiled in off-the-field scandals, Armstrong is tainted by charges of cheating in his sport, not transgressions in his personal life. After time away, Woods and Vick could return to the playing field to help redeem their public image.
"Armstrong doesn't have that. He's just a retired athlete with a tarnished image," O'Keefe said.
Nike's statement was notable both for the sudden decision to abandon him and the tone condemning an athlete it had strongly supported just a few days earlier. Armstrong tweeted earlier this month about a visit to Nike headquarters in Oregon.
The USADA report also had the disadvantage for Nike of putting previous allegations back in the spotlight, such as a claim from a 2006 lawsuit deposition given by Kathy LeMond, wife of Tour winner Greg LeMond, in which she accused Nike of paying cycling's international governing body to cover up a positive Armstrong drug test. Nike has denied the claim.
Other cancer organizations lauded Armstrong as an advocate in the fight against the disease.
"Armstrong has been a world leader in addressing the physical and emotional challenges that cancer patients face, both during and after treatment. He has personally campaigned tirelessly for increases in cancer research funding. He and this foundation have also been advocates for better access to quality cancer care — for all people," said Dr. Larry Shulman, director of Dana-Farber Can cer Institute in Boston.
Armstrong's inspiring story of not only recovering from testicular cancer that had spread to his lungs and brain but then winning the world's best-known bike race helped his foundation grow from a small operation in Texas into one of the most popular charities in the country.
Armstrong drew legions of fans — and donations — and insisted he was drug-free at a time when doping was rampant in professional cycling. In 2004, the foundation introduced the yellow "Livestrong" bracelets, selling more than 80 million and creating a global symbol for cancer awareness and survival.
"As my cancer treatment was drawing to an end, I created a foundation to serve people affected by cancer. It has been a great privilege to help grow it from a dream into an organization that today has served 2.5 million people and helped spur a cultural shift in how the world views cancer survivors," Armstrong said in his statement. A spokesman declined comment on Nike ending its relea tionship with him.
Ulman had said last week that Armstrong's leadership role would not change. Armstrong's statement said he would remain a visible advocate for cancer issues, and was planning to speak at Friday night's 15th anniversary gala for Livestrong in Austin.


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This article was originally published in the September/October 1999 issue of Home Energy Magazine. Some formatting inconsistencies may be evident in older archive content.
| Back to Contents Page | Home Energy Index | About Home Energy |
Home Energy Magazine Online September/October 1999
Also, how do you identify the energy consumption for heating and cooling? Is an extra meter necessary? Finally, how do you check the thermostat setting?
Kaoru Kawamoto
Author Christina Farnsworth responds:
Tucson Electric Power (TEP) uses Elite software on each house, and it is TEP that guarantees the dollar amount of utility usage for each house.
As stated in the article, TEP uses the months of April and November, when there is little need for either heating or cooling, to determine the home's baseline energy use for operating all electric devices except those used for heating and cooling. In this way, no extra meters are needed.
TEP relies on the homeowner's honesty rather than on any meters or monitoring of thermostat settings. This seems to be working, since so far TEP has had to pay back just a few dollars on utilities for only two homes. TEP reserves the right to install meters and monitor HVAC use should it feel that such measures are necessary. So far, it hasn't been necessary.Star Status for Blower Doors? Is there an EPA or Energy Star approval or certification for blower door tests?
Jeff Beilen
Sam Rashkin, Energy Star Homes program manager, responds:
EPA does not have an Energy Star approval or certification for blower door tests. Rather than endorsing testing procedures, Energy Star programs focus on labeling highly efficient products (such as homes, appliances, equipment, lights, and so forth). The goal for the broad range of Energy Star programs administered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy is to establish Energy Star as the symbol for energy efficiency for easy consumer decision making. Note that blower door testing is largely addressed by the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) industry. Effectively, every HERS rater is trained and certified to provide blower door testing by an accredited state, regional, or national HERS provider.Time's Arrow Pricks the Rule of Thumb I read your helpful magazine from cover to cover. In an issue from last year (May/June '98), which I had forgotten under a pile, in the article Taking Control of Energy Use, p. 23, there is a 3% rule of thumb about savings with set-back thermostats. I am not a technician, but I think that you cannot obtain a said saving for every degree Fahrenheit of setback without mention of another important factor--isn't time, or duration, missing in the article? To obtain 3% savings, the setback has to last for how long--eight hours?
Congratulations for your otherwise well-documented work.
André Dupuis, Editor
Author Lori Marsh responds:
Unfortunately, the answer is not simple. The 3% savings for every degree Fahrenheit of setback is a rough estimate that assumes that the average temperature difference (between inside and outside the house), which the heating or cooling system must overcome over the entire heating or cooling season, is about 33°F. Therefore, each degree of setback, over the entire heating/cooling season, represents a reduction of about 3% of the total load. Obviously, the 3% rule will hold better for some climate zones than for others. It works pretty well in 4,000- to 5,000-heating-degree-day climates.
| Back to Contents Page | Home Energy Index | About Home Energy |
Home Energy can be reached at: email@example.com
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CHICAGO (AP) – As Illinois becomes the fourth and most populous state to give illegal immigrants permission to drive, nagging concerns remain about whether there are enough safeguards to avoid the identity fraud and other pitfalls other states faced.
Democratic Gov. Pat Quinn signed Illinois' measure into law Sunday in Chicago. Backers, including Quinn, Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel and some of the state's top Republicans, tout it as a public-safety measure. They argue that required facial recognition technology is reliable enough to prevent fraud.
They hailed it as an important step for immigrant rights in Illinois, which approved its own Dream Act in 2010 to create a privately-funded scholarship program for immigrant students. President Barack Obama plans to discuss his plan to overhaul the immigration system during a trip to Las Vegas on Tuesday.
'This was a bipartisan effort to pass an important law,' Quinn said. 'When the president speaks on Tuesday, he can say about his home state of Illinois … we not only passed the Dream Act last year, we passed driver's licenses for those who are undocumented.'
However, the law's opponents have pointed to hundreds of fraudulent cases in New Mexico, Washington and Utah after those states began giving illegal immigrants permission to drive. Illinois will not require applicants to be fingerprinted, for fear that would discourage immigrants from applying.
'How many people would apply for this document knowing that fingerprints will be going to (federal authorities)? Probably not all that many,' said Fred Tsao, policy director of the Illinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights, a driving-force behind the measure.
Proponents say it will allow an estimated 250,000 people unlawfully residing in the state to apply for a three-year temporary driver's license and require them to get training and insurance. The Illinois secretary of state's office said the licenses will be available starting in November.
Those ready for the change include 45-year-old Victoria Chavez.
'I need to get my driver's license because I have two kids,' the Chicago woman said. 'They need my support. This is a victory for all of us in the immigrant community.'
The licenses will be like those already issued to certain foreign-born, legal visitors. Applicants will be photographed, and their photo will be entered into the state's facial recognition database – like the rest of Illinois' licensed drivers- to verify their identity.
But other states' driving programs for illegal immigrants have been abused. New Mexico and Washington both issue licenses, while Utah issues a permit.
An Associated Press investigation last year found a striking pattern in New Mexico, suggesting immigrants tried to game the system to obtain a license. In one instance, 48 foreign-born individuals claimed to live at a smoke shop in Albuquerque to fulfill a residency condition.
Authorities also busted a fraud ring last year that forged documents for illegal immigrants to use after driving from as far as Illinois and North Carolina to obtain a New Mexico license. Republican Gov. Susana Martinez has vowed for years to repeal the decade-old measure, but the Legislature has rejected such efforts.
Washington's requirements attracted national attention when Jose Antonio Vargas, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, revealed his illegal immigration status in an essay for the New York Times Magazine in 2011. Vargas chronicled how he obtained his Washington license. State authorities conducted an investigation that revealed Vargas did not reside at the address he stated in his application and canceled his license.
Utah's permit is not valid for identification. Illinois' law follows suit.
Utah's Republican-controlled Legislature amended the state's law in 2011 to require illegal immigrants to be fingerprinted, and mandates that the state notify U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement if an applicant's fingerprint check yields a felony on record. If the applicant has a misdemeanor warrant outstanding, the state must notify the agency that is seeking the person's arrest.
That kind of information-sharing between state and immigration authorities worries Illinois' immigrant-rights advocates, such as Tsao, who pushed for the legislation without a fingerprinting requirement. They say fingerprinting could deter potential licensees from applying for fear of being identified and deported.
Local law enforcement officials argue in favor of fingerprinting.
'We could see if they have committed a crime; it could be a crime in another state or it could be a crime in their home country,' said John Kennedy, executive director of the Illinois Association of Chiefs of Police.
The Illinois secretary of state's office says its facial recognition database is highly sophisticated and accurate. The program uses an algorithm to match more than a dozen facial features that are not easy to alter, such as eye sockets and sides of the mouth.
'The integrity of our driver's license system is a priority,' said Henry Haupt, a spokesman for the office.
The bill's sponsor, Rep. Edward Acevedo, a Chicago Democrat, said state roads will be safer because illegal immigrants will receive training and be tested before obtaining a license. They also will be required to purchase insurance, Acevedo said.
Tsao's organization estimates uninsured illegal immigrant drivers cause $64 million in damage claims each year, an expense currently covered by increased premiums.
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Beyonce brings it at Super Bowl
'Destiny's Child' singers join Beyonce
Beyonce sang like she had something to prove at the Super Bowl, balancing out the testosterone levels on the football field with a dance-heavy performance that featured her Destiny's Child band mates and an all-female band.
She emerged onstage singing some of "Love on Top," transitioning to her hit "Crazy In Love" in an all-black ensemble, which matched the dark stage. She ripped off part of her shirt and skirt as she danced hard with background dancers doing the same.
She sang live — and sounded good. Days after admitting to singing to a pre-recorded track at President Barack Obama's inauguration, she proved herself to any doubters and added a few off-script remarks as if to show her microphone was on.
Her background singers helped out as Beyonce danced around the stage throughout most of the 13-minute performance. She was especially top-notch during "End of Time" and "Baby Boy."
She had a swarm of background dancers and band members spread throughout the stage, along with videotaped images of herself dancing. And the crowd got bigger when she was joined by her Destiny's Child band mates.
Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams popped up from below the stage to sing "Bootylicious." They were in similar outfits, singing and dancing closely as they harmonized. But Rowland and Williams were barely heard when the group sang "Independent Woman," as their voices faded into the background.
They also joined in for some of "Single Ladies (Put a Ring On It)," where Beyonce's voice grew stronger.
She asked the crowd to put their hands toward her she belted the slow groove "Halo" on bended knee — and that's when she the performance hit its high note.
Before the game, Alicia Keys performed a lounge-y, piano-tinged version of the national anthem that her publicist assured was live. The Grammy-winning singer played the piano as she sang "The Star Spangled Banner" in a long red dress with her eyes shut.
She followed Jennifer Hudson, who performed "America the Beautiful" with the 26-member Sandy Hook Elementary School chorus, a performance that had some players on the sideline on the verge of tears.
The students wore green ribbons on their shirts in honor of the 20 first-graders and six adults who were killed in a Dec. 14 shooting rampage at the school in Newton, Conn.
The students began the song softly before Hudson, whose mother, brother and 7-year-old nephew were shot to death five years ago, jumped in with her gospel-flavored vocals. She stood still in black and white as the students moved to the left and right, singing background.


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Michael Brissenden presents AM Monday to Friday from 8:00am on ABC Local Radio and 7:10am on Radio National. Join Elizabeth Jackson for the Saturday edition at 8am on Local Radio and 7am on Radio National.
AM 40th Anniversary - a look back at the history of the ABC's agenda-setting morning radio program.
This is a transcript from AM. The program is broadcast around Australia at 08:00 on ABC Local Radio.
You can also listen to the story in REAL AUDIO and WINDOWS MEDIA formats.


text: This file was generated by the Minor Planet Physical Properties Catalogue (MP3C) at https://mp3c.oca.eu/. MP3C curates data on asteroids and other minor bodies of the Solar System. It aggregates measurements from different sources of properties such as masses, diameters, albedos and orbital parameters. -2147483648 2.591 NaN 0.0519 NaN 0.0975 NaN 0.15 NaN 17.02 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN


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Hummingbird House: Design for Everyone Part II
Leslie Jackson: Talk about your home's heating system.Larry Weingarten: On the inside, the heating system is using thin copper tube, the kind that is manufactured for solar panels. Northstar Gardenia in Los Angeles was the place I got it from. They supply solar-panel manufacturers with finned copper tube. I just figured out what lengths I would need so that I could use them cost-effectively. So that if I needed a 6 foot and an 8 foot over there, okay, there's 14 feet. And so I figured out in even footages all the lengths I needed. They shipped me a 20-foot wooden crate, and I got all my heating fin from them. And I had the chart I made up, and I cut it all to lengths and put it in. Very little waste.
LJ: A little extra thought.
LW: A little extra thought. And I did order some spare tubes, just in case I stepped on something.
LJ: And you could afford to, because you had saved so much material by thinking about it in advance.
LW: Probably because I did much of the work with my own hands, the cost of construction wound up being about $100 per square foot. There is nearly 1,000 linear feet of finned tube in the house, but it was $1.00 per foot—not expensive material compared to other heating systems. Still, the distribution is oversized for a traditional 20 degree delta T.
You look at the heat loss calcs per room and that ultimately tells you how many linear feet of tubing you need per room, because that's how much emitter you're going to have. But I put a lot more in than I probably needed to, because I wanted to be able to use very low-temperature water, which would mean more surface area.
LJ: Saving on that end, but is there a trade-off? Using more material to save fossil fuel?
LW: I did build in a way to heat the house using heat from the gas water heater, but I've only tested the system to see that it works; I've never used it beyond that. Other heat is from a wood stove. Were I grid connected, I might be saving more fossil energy. As it is, I may only be saving solar energy. The plus there is that I run the house on rather small solar-thermal and electric systems. I have six 4 x 8 solar collectors, and the electric system is 630 watts.
If I can use 80°F water to keep the house at 70°F, there are almost no days when I don't get some solar. There have been times when it's just cold, but that's very rare. There's generally some heat. Even if it's not fully 80°F in the solar tank—well, it's 70°F. The house isn't going to get too cold. There's 1,000 gallons of mass there. It actually steals the heat out of the water well enough that the pipe coming back from the house can feel quite cold to the touch, because it's cooling it down to whatever the temperature of the baseboard on the outside walls is. It's starting off warm up at the top, but it's cooling all the way down to the coolest air temperature in the house at the floor.
LJ: And this is all done by gravity. So explain the cycle.
LW: Let me start by pointing out two separate gravity systems. One is for water supply and the other is for heat distribution. Domestic hot (and cold) water is supplied from a well, solar pumped, with a ¼ hp pump, up to a storage tank. Gravity feeds down from there.
There are two different sides of the solar set-up, space heating and domestic hot water. It's easier to think of them separately. Space heating has the heat collection system, heat distribution, and heat storage. Start with the storage. It's a 1,000-gallon tank, fairly well insulated. To put heat into it, I have solar panels on the roof, filled with water and vodka, and a pair of PV-powered pumps in parallel. Sadly, nobody made a pump that could provide the flow for six collectors. So the PV gets sun, causes the pumps to spin; the more sun, the faster they spin. And that moves the water-alcohol mix through collectors to a coil in the bottom of the tank, which is in the basement (see Figures 1-3). The tank is about a 7½-foot-tall, 5 feet in diameter and made of PEX (cross-linked polyethylene). That's supposed to be good for hot water. When I got it, the instructions said it could only stand room temperature water in it.
LJ: And what is the vodka doing in it? How many gallons of what proof does it take?
LW: I chose vodka as the right heat exchange fluid. System volume is about ten gallons, half of that is 80-proof vodka. Usually glycol is used, but it's considered toxic, can turn acidic with overheating, requires more power to pump, holds less heat than alcohol, costs more and needs periodic replacement. Vodka is readily available and even goes on sale sometimes! You don't ever want the water in the solar panels to freeze. Because if it does, it'll expand and burst the tubes. That's what every solar system is based on; how do you keep the panels from freezing. There are a lot of different ways. I could have used a drain-back system, or a freeze recirculation system, but both of those have higher electrical energy needs and more complexity.
So that's what's putting heat in the storage tank.
Heat distribution, or taking heat out of the storage, consists of two parts. One is space heating, and the other one is domestic water heating.
Domestic water heating is just a 60-foot coil of 1-inch copper tube. I just bought a standard box of soft copper that has a fair volume in it and a lot of surface area. I didn't need to use the whole thing, but I thought why not? There won't be much difference in temperature between the hottest water in the solar tank and what comes out of that pipe. So I'm getting everything I can get. And it's all single-wall heat exchanger rather than double wall, which is needed when using toxic fluids like glycol or heat transfer oils. Should some food-grade alcohol somehow make its way into the water supply it wouldn't create a health risk. I'll add that double wall exchangers cost more and don't transfer heat as well as single wall does. But anyway, there's that big coil that feeds the water heater—the backup gas water heater.
LJ: What are you using for backup, and how are losses minimized?
LW: I'm using a direct-vent, 40-gallon propane heater. It's insulated to R-16 and lives in the warm room with the solar tank. The distribution piping is 3/8-inch PEX, hooked up to a copper manifold mounted directly on top of the heater and well insulated. All hot piping is insulated and inside the shell of the house. My thinking was to reduce the volume of water in the line, for faster hot delivery with reduced waste. I didn't want an electric recirculation pump, not even a demand system. When water is drawn, only the volume of the 3/8-inch tube is wasted, because the manifold is already full of hot water.
The space-heating part is another large coil. It's a shorter coil of 1¼-inch pipe in the top of the tank. And the reason it's a larger diameter is so that there's much less flow restriction inside it, because that's a gravity circulation system, unlike the gravity-pressure-driven domestic hot water (DHW). When I turn on the tap, there's pressure pushing water through the DHW coil. Flow through the 1¼-inch space heating coil is driven only by the difference in weight between hot and cold water, which may amount to—in three stories—½ inch, maybe 1 inch. One column, if it's warm, might be 1 inch taller than the cold water. To clarify, if you start with two vertical pipes, same temperature, same height, you can make one cold and the other hot. The hot water will expand. Cold water pushes hotter water up. So in this 25-foot-tall column, you may get another inch in height. That's the pump. That's what drives it, the weight of that inch of water. So it's a very minor thing!
LJ: How is the heating system controlled?
LW: Modified wax-filled greenhouse window operators, (one on each floor) close spring-loaded ball valves to allow flow as needed. Springs pull the valves open. Flow is proportional. As the house warms, flow is reduced.
And this is all detailed in great meticulous mathematics in old textbooks and in old engineering books. And it's very clear, really.
LJ: Handed to you on a silver platter!
LW: Well …You gotta dig, you gotta dig.
LJ: You may be one of the first people to implement this system in this way.
LW: I think it's the first gravity-driven radiant system done. Gravity hot water has been done forever. Gravity-driven space heating was done, but with the old cast-iron radiators. They used huge steel pipe. All this math has already been done. But no one could use a 1¼-inch pipe to serve their house, because there was no house that used that little heat.
But I did the calcs, and my main line is a 1¼-inch pipe. There (in typical older, leakier houses) you would have 3- or 4-inch lines. You understand the difference in volume—it's huge. By an order of magnitude. And the water they used was often a lot hotter. By having a really good, snug house envelope, the amount of heat I need to move through this thing is almost inconsequential. Heat loss calcs put it at 27,000 Btu per hour. So that's equal to a small water heater.
The system in the walls is, again, no pump, so it had to be designed so that there was no way a bubble of air could form anywhere in it. A bubble of air would kill it. Just totally block flow.
So there are loops running at the floor. Loops that are flat, they're horizontal. They are hidden in that baseboard. Loops are also running higher up in the walls hidden behind the book shelves where the wall bumps out. But you will—if you look around, you will see that the bookshelves are not all exactly the same height. Because the pipes need to drop slowly, so any air will collect at the high point. I have a bleeder on it, which is just a pipe at the very highest point on the system. I've run a ¼-inch tube from that all the way down to the basement. So there I have a water feeder at the lowest point on the system. I can hook up a garden hose and fill it with water. And then at the same time as I open it up to fill it, I open the valve to let air out.
LJ: Yeah. Kind of burp it.
LW: Burp it! It's my kid! And once it's running a solid stream of water down that pipe, I'm done. There's an expansion tank on it for thermal expansion, but that takes care of it.
OK, so now I've got it full; there's no air in it. There's no automatic valve of any sort. There's no air bleeder that gets stuck with hard water, like they do on every solar system. It's sort of like a Ferris wheel. There's a guy Dan Holohan (author of The Lost Art of Steam Heating) who likes to explain gravity flow this way: Any time it moves here, it must move there. If it's going up here, it's going down there. And the hot water is rising because this cold water over here is falling. It's heavier than the hot water. It's more dense, it's going to fall. Hot water floats on cold water, if you will. So your Ferris wheel moves. It moves as fast as it can, until friction starts to interfere. The theoretical speed of hot water flow is dramatically faster than the actual speed ever really is, because friction gets in the way. You know—friction on the pipe walls, pipe size. Fittings. So I did whatever I could to use long-sweep (or long turn) fittings. Always reamed the copper ends of the pipes, so that there's no little lip sticking out, getting in the way. All these little details, trying to make it as smooth and easy for the water to move as I can, because if you have a bunch of 90 degree ells over here, it's going to affect flow over there, because it's a Ferris wheel.
LJ: So the only pump that you have is in the solar collector.
LW: Right. Think of it as the solar collection part. There are two little 19W pumps. They're magnetic drive, so there's no shaft seal friction to have to overcome.
And I have those hooked up to a 75W panel, which is a little big, but it seems to work out fine. I put a linear current booster in it. It's of Canadian manufacture; made by Solar Converters, Incorporated. It tempers, if you will, the electricity going to the pumps to get the voltage high enough to get them to kick on, and that works as it should. It all seems to be sized right. So it does its own proportional pumping. The more sun, the faster it pumps. When a cloud passes over, it slows down. You can hear it. You know it's working. It's a feedback thing for the people as well. Which is just luck. I didn't know I'd be able to hear those pumps.
LJ: It's testimony to how quiet the house's other systems are that that's about all you hear. Now the water is moving through your walls through these pipes …
LW: Vertically. The heat distribution system has headers top and bottom, the top one with a slight slope, and then it's dropping straight down through the finned copper tube. You know it's designed as a solar-panel absorber. Absorbers work backward just as well as they work forward. I'm emitting heat instead of absorbing it. There are many things that I've used in this house in a manner different than was intended by the manufacturer. In this case, I'm using solar collector finned tube to emit rather than absorb. That is, I put heat into the room from water in the tube, rather than putting the sun's heat into water in the tube. In conventional radiant heating, heat transfer plates are often used under a wood subfloor to conduct heat from the tubing to the floor in a way very similar to what I'm doing. Also, they're mounted on the surface of the SIPs, with Sheetrock between them just holding the edge of the copper down. They're 3/8-inch tubes wrapped in copper fin sheet that's crimped on. So with the Sheetrock up to the edges of the fins and then mudded over, the copper is maybe 1/16-inch inch below the surface. So if you need to start from scratch, if you need to get your radiant system up to speed quickly, it can do it. It doesn't have to heat a bunch of anything to get the heat into the room. If you're buried in a 4-inch concrete slab, you've got to heat the whole slab up.
LJ: Is the tank at atmospheric pressure? If so, how long does it take for the alcohol in the vodka to evaporate to the point where you need to add more?
LW: The tank is at atmospheric pressure, but the loop with the vodka is a closed loop, using a large soft-copper heat exchanger in the bottom of the tank. Plain water from the tank does evaporate, and it would be nice if I checked it yearly. It's gone two years, though.
LJ: Does it smell like booze?
LW: I made automatic venting for the solar collectors, so that if they get too hot, that hot air is vented out of the box, preventing the fluid from overheating. Before I did that, the oak tree by the house twice got sprayed with a nice hot vodka mix. Otherwise, (sadly?) it is a sealed system, with no odor.
LJ: And so that board … that Sheetrock is your thermal mass—is that the case? Or rather, the water is your thermal mass.
LW: I like to think of the water as the thermal mass. The Sheetrock is just standard Sheetrock, 5/8-inch in some places, but actually not anywhere there's fins. I didn't build mass. I kept it a lightweight house. I figured the mass is in the tank: 1,000 gallons and the mass moves to wherever it's needed to give heat.
Oh, sizingwise, too, I have 3 gallons of storage per square foot of collector area. That's way too much. You're supposed to have 1½ gallons. Maybe even 1. So I've got 3 gallons because I wanted the low- temperature Btu. Because I designed it to use low-grade heat to keep the house warm. That's backward from what most people would do: They use a smaller volume of much hotter water. But by having the greater volume, it makes the solar panels work better, because they're operating cooler. So there are synergies. Linda Wigington of Affordable Comfort likes to talk about "house as a system." Everything affects everything else. It does.
LJ: It's all coexisting. The nature around your house, as well as you and Suzanne, the wind and the sun.
LW: Well, I try to get in the sun's way. It's a north-facing solar house, speaking of that.
…and speaking of that, we will continue with Larry's findings about passive solar design—and other things—in our next issue. Stay tuned.
For more information:
Holohan, Dan. The Lost Art of Steam Heating. Bethpage New York. 1992. Dan Holohan Associates Incorporated.
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A tale of theft, blackmail, adultery, anti-Semitism and a possible murder, written at an 8-year-old reading level
What I Saw and How I Lied. By Judy Blundell. Scholastic, 284 pp., $16.99. Ages: See discussion below.
By Janice Harayda
What would you do if you were a publisher who knew that reading test scores were declining as children were seeing more sex and violent crimes in the media? Maybe play both sides against the middle as Scholastic has done with What I Saw and How I Lied, the winner of the 2008 National Book Award for young people's literature.
This stylish literary thriller deals with subjects appropriate for the 13-to-18-year-old age range that the publisher recommends on its site — theft, blackmail, adultery, anti-Semitism and a possible murder. But Judy Blundell writes at a third-grade reading level in the novel, according to the readability statistics on Microsoft Word.
So who, exactly, is this book for? Much of the content is too mature for 8-year-olds. But the reading level is too low for the sophisticated adolescent and teenage girls likely gravitate to its glamorous, noir-ish cover, which shows a thin, beautiful model applying red lipstick. Blundell is condescending to them even if they enjoy its page-turner of a plot: Anyone who is ready for the subjects covered in this novel is also ready for a higher reading level.
Evie Spooner is 15 years old when her stepfather, Joe, returns from Austria in 1947, having overstayed the end of the war for murky reasons. Evie's seductive mother has quit her job at Lord & Taylor – "Either that or get fired"— because veterans needed jobs. And she's surprised her husband by learning to make Sunday suppers and perform other domestic tasks. "Son of a bitch," Joe says of the change.
But the glow of the family reunion fades after Joe packs up the three of them for what he casts as an overdue Florida vacation. They settle into a Palm Beach hotel (aptly named Le Mirage), nearly deserted in the off-season. And Evie becomes swept up in a riptide of events that involves looted gold, a hurricane, an inquest into a possible homicide and her crush on a seductive 23-year-old who says he served with Joe overseas.
The plotting is tight and ingenious until an improbable last scene, and well-supported by details that evoke the era (including the chocolate cigarettes that Evie buys to "practice smoking"). And the book deals with larger issues than whether a murder occurred: What is loyalty? What do we owe the dead? Do truth and justice differ and, if so, how?
Questions like these appeal strongly to adolescents and teenagers, and this book could provide a framework for exploring them. As for their reading test scores: They're not likely to improve if more publishers — encouraged by the National Book Award for this novel — put a senior prom dress on a third-grader's soccer shorts.
Best line: A warning heard on the radio as a hurricane approaches Palm Beach: "Watch out for flying coconuts."
Worst line: No. 1: "Our pipsqueak attorney had turned into a pretty decent linebacker." It's a stretch that a 15-year-old girl living in 1947 would know enough about linebackers to use the word in this way. No. 2: "Lana Turner was every man's dream, sultry and blond. It was Lana filling out a sweater at a drugstore that got her a Hollywood contract." That Turner was discovered at a drugstore is a myth. Even if the teenagers of 1947 believed the myth, the book is perpetuating this legend for a new generation of readers.
About the reading level: The reading level comes from the Flesch-Kincaid readability statistics that are part of the spell-checker on any recent version of Microsoft Word. To find it, I entered a minimum of 300 words from each of the following two-page sections of What I Saw and How I Lied: pages 36-37 (Grade 4.2), pages 136-137 (Grade 2.6) and pages 236-237 (3.7). I also entered all of last two pages (Grade 3.0). The post "Does Mitch Albom Think He's Jesus?" lists the reading levels of authors and tells how to use Word to find the level of a book.
Furthermore: What I Saw and How I Lied
won a 2008 National Book Award. The National Book Foundation.
has posted an excerpt from and the citation for the novel on its site.
© 2009 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


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Attic Fans and the Whole House
While doing a comprehensive quality control visit a year ago, our Pure Energy final inspector noted that both the natural draft water heater and the natural draft boiler failed the following safety tests:
- Both spilled fumes for longer than one minute (the spillage tests failed).
- Both had inadequate draft pressure in the flues (the minimum draft pressure wasn't met).
In addition, the negative pressure in the combustion appliance zone (CAZ) with reference to the outdoors was greater than allowed by BPI standards; that is, the CAZ exceeded the maximum combustion appliance depressurization limit allowed. This held true both during the baseline and under the worst-case conditions set up.
Upon further investigation, the final inspector found that not only were the typical mechanical ventilation appliances making the CAZ negative, but the attic fan was on as well.
The attic was being ventilated to the outdoors by an attic fan installed in the gable end wall. The pressure caused by the operating fan was sucking air out of the attic, the house, and the CAZ. This was placing the CAZ under too much negative pressure. Since every CFM of air that the fan exhausted had to come from somewhere, this negative pressure was causing some of the makeup air to come down the flues. The water heater and the boiler could not vent the flue gases properly, and the fumes were being vented to the inside of the house. This is dangerous and unhealthy.
The reason the fan could suck air from the CAZ was that the attic was not fully air sealed, (separated) from the living space and from the basement, as is required by the utility efficiency program for which we are the QC Inspectors and also by BPI.
Not only did this leaky attic pressure boundary allow heated air to leak into the attic, but it allowed moist air to leak into the attic, hot summer air to leak into the house, and polluted air to leak into the house. It also put the CAZ under negative pressure and it posed a serious risk of CO and other pollutant poisoning.
Here is what I learned from the inspector's experience:
- Attic fans can suck air down flues and cause IAQ and health problems for occupants.
- If the air conditioner is on and the windows are closed, mechanical ventilation makeup air cannot come in from the outside through windows. Since makeup air must come from somewhere, it may come down the flues instead.
- Attic fans can run year-round, if the thermostat is poorly set, or if the fan is on a standard switch and occupants forget to shut it off in the winter when the boiler is running.
learn more
Contact the author at email@example.com, or visit her company, Pure Energy Coach.
This is what I recommend to program administrators and technicians:
- Consider checking the status of attic fans when doing the worst-case CAZ depressurization setup. An operating attic fan might reduce the baseline CAZ pressure.
- Consider turning attic fans on when checking for the worst-case CAZ depressurization. This will help you to determine the true worst case.
- Be sure to record the CAZ depressurization with and without the attic fan on.
- Explain to customers how attic fans can affect the operation of natural-draft appliances.
- Be sure to fully separate the attic from the living space and the CAZ with a tight pressure boundary.
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Laboratory facilities
The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA) has approximately 1,231 square meters of molecular biology laboratory space, with the state of the art in scientific supplies and equipment. Shared equipment distributed among lab groups ensures efficient use of and access to equipment. We currently have laboratory groups focusing in the areas of:
- Rates and patterns of DNA evolution
- Rates and patterns of gene expression evolution
- Rates and patterns of protein evolution
- Great ape population genetics
- Molecular anthropology
- Ancient DNA methods and analysis
- Neandertal genomics
- Cell culture systems
- Analysis of transgenic mice
Our laboratory equipment includes:
- HiSeq 2500 with rapid module, Illumina
- MiSeq Personal Sequencer, Illumina
- PACBIO RS II, Pacific Biosciences
- ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer, ABI 3130xl Genetic Analyzer
- Covaris S220
- Bio-Rad QX200 Droplet Digital PCR System
- Fluidigm C1 Single-Cell Auto Prep System
- Mx 3005P Real Time PCR System, Stratagene
- BioRobot 9600, Qiagen
- epMotion 5075 LH workstation, Eppendorf
- Genechip Fludics Station 450 and scanner, Affymetrix
- Bioanalyzer 2100, Agilent
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- HPLC and Oligonucleotide synthesizer
- MJ PCR engines
- Cell culture facilities
- Mouse House


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Tori MillanCABRE#: 01959172
Tammy O'NealCABRE #: 01952255
We are Open until 5pm daily.Please call (760) 684-1419 for information.
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How To Get Getresponse Forms Into A WordPress Popup
One of the greatest benefits of GetResponse is its robust list management system. With advanced audience segmentation features, GetResponse helps you create and send customized campaigns to your subscribers. It also allows you to send automatic emails, such as when a customer abandons a shopping cart. If you're considering using this tool to manage your email marketing campaigns, keep reading. Here are some tips for setting up your first campaign:
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