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Female Toner Tea, 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags, From Traditional Medicinals
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What conditions are herbal teas helpful for? The extraction of herbs with hot water (making tea) is an ancient tradition. Teas have a long history of use in many systems of Traditional Herbal Medicine worldwide. Historically, teas have been one of the most commonly used delivery systems for natural health products. Not every health condition requires the use of pharmaceutical drugs for relief. Many of Traditional Medicinals' teas are suitable for self care of common, non-serious conditions such as:
Occasional constipation Occasional indigestion Mental and physical fatigue Nervousness and sleeplessness Minor seasonal conditions Women's health Teas are made from one or more herbs and are generally prepared by the consumer using the infusion method (by pouring boiling water over the herbs and steeping in a covered cup, usually for at least 10 minutes), which is the most convenient method of preparation. There are two basic types of tea bags, the glued pillow bag and the stapled flow-through, double-pouch filter bag. Using the double-pouch bag results in a more efficient extraction of the herb's beneficial components because it allows greater "surface area" access for the boiled water to reach. For a tea to maintain its quality and remain reliable until the expiration date, it is essential that each tea bag is sealed in an "overwrap" that provides an oxygen and moisture barrier. Exposure to air, light and humidity has a measurable negative impact on the quality of cut herbs. Herbal teas that are not tightly sealed will rapidly lose their strength during storage.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
Why is a long steeping time important? In comparison to beverage teas, which generally require only a 3-5 minute steep for taste considerations, Traditional Medicinals' recommendation of a 10-15 minute steep may seem long. However, steeping times for Traditional Herbal Medicines (THMs) in tea infusion form are generally set at anywhere between 10 and 30 minutes depending on the herbs in the formula. Some teas are best decocted (simmered) for 30 minutes or longer. A longer steeping time allows for more of the components in the herbs to dissolve into the tea water.
We tend to think that water is the extraction solvent when we prepare a cup of tea - pour boiling water over the herbs, let them brew a few minutes and then strain and drink. But there's more depth to this water story! While the initial solvent is the boiling water, as soon as the plant's cell walls begin to break down and compounds enter the water, the water changes. It isn't just water anymore. Depending upon what compounds are first released, the water can become a mild acid or a mild base solution, which in turn affects the release of other compounds. The longer you let the herbs steep, the more components you will have in your teacup. Each new compound that is released changes the solvent's composition until full saturation occurs or until the reaction is stopped by removing the herbs from the solvent. This enables some compounds that are not entirely water-soluble to still be released into the water. This is why a sufficient steeping period is necessary to produce a complete, balanced extraction.
For instance, flavonoids are a group of plant chemicals that are only slightly soluble in water. But testing shows that there are therapeutic levels of flavonoids in a properly brewed cup of tea prepared from flavonoid-containing herbs. Another example is caffeine in black and green teas. The central nervous system stimulant effect of caffeine is strongest when the tea is steeped only 2-5 minutes, because caffeine dissolves quickly into hot water. Longer steeping times of 10-20 minutes will increase the yield of catechin polyphenols, which decreases the stimulant effect, because the catechins bind the caffeine.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
What are pharmacopoeial grade herbs and why use them? Traditional Medicinals' herbal products are formulated in accordance with specific rules of combining and compatability stemming from traditional systems of herbal practice. There are several grades of herbs available, including pharmacopoeial grade, food grade and inferior grades. We follow standards for pharmacopoeial herbs such as those published in the European Pharmacopoeia, which ensures that our teas and other herbal products meet the highest quality standards. Pharmacopoeial grade herbs cost more than the commonly used commercial grade herbs, but they think you're worth it.
Are Traditional Medicinals products organic? Traditional Medicinals have been committed to organic agriculture for over three decades. Back then they believed that the herbs in our teas should be grown without the use of harmful fertilizers and pesticides. Now with the USDA National Organic Program, what was once on the fringe has become mainstream. Traditional Medicinals continues to recognize the importance of sustainable agriculture and wild collection, working to develop new organic sources of herbs for all of our products. They believe teas that are good for your body should be good for the earth as well.
Are Traditional Medicinals' products suitable for vegetarians and vegans? The ingredients of Traditional Medicinals herbal capsules, powders and teas are natural and plant-based (no synthetic, petroleum-based, or animal-derived components) and are suitable for use by vegetarians and vegans. Traditional Medicinals herbal pastilles and syrups are suitable for vegetarians but not for vegans. The pastilles contain beeswax and honey and the syrups contain honey.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
Do any of Traditional Medicinals' products contain caffeine? Yes. Some of their products include caffeine-containing herbs such as maté leaf (Ilex paraguariensis) or black or green tea leaf (Camellia sinensis).
Are Traditional Medicinals green teas tested for fluoride content? Yes. Traditional Medicinals has had their organic green tea products tested for fluoride at an independent laboratory and the test results have shown none detected. There is concern because some green teas have been shown to contain relatively high levels of fluoride. Fluoride-containing drinking water is considered to be a risk factor for dental fluorosis, a condition caused by an excessive intake of fluorides (2 or more ppm in drinking water). Some plants, including the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), are inherently able to uptake and accumulate relatively high quantities of fluoride. The soil and water conditions where the tea plant is grown, as well as the methods of cultivation, are factors that can determine fluoride levels in the tea leaf. Some studies have also shown a correlation between lower quality teas having higher fluoride content and higher quality teas having lower fluoride content.
Do any Traditional Medicinals products contain genetically engineered components? No. Traditional Medicinals do not use ingredients that were produced using biotechnology in their products or at any stage of production, processing or handling. Following a precautionary principle, they believe that the practice of genetic engineering should be halted and in the meantime all products containing genetically engineered ingredients should be clearly labeled as such. Traditional Medicinals is opposed to the practice of genetic engineering, which involves the insertion of genes from any source (including bacteria, other plants or even animals) into the DNA of cultivated plants. Genetically engineered crops, altered to be insect resistant, may throw off the balance of nature and cause harm to beneficial insects such as ladybugs, butterflies and other pollinators. They believe that the potential long-term risks to the environment and to human health far outweigh any perceived benefits that could come as a result of manipulating nature in this way. They also see the spread of genetically engineered crops as a serious threat to certified organic and/or biodynamic agriculture due to the inability to control cross-pollination. Many pollinators travel long distances that may put them in direct contact with both certified organic acreage and genetically engineered acreage.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
Do any of your products contain gluten?
Herbal Teas Forty-six of our 47 herbal teas do not contain measurable gluten.
Traditional Medicinals tea bags (made from Manila hemp, extracted from the leaves of abaca, a relative of the banana tree family) and their strings (cotton) also do not contain gluten. Two of the herbs they use may contain gluten. PMS Tea, contains barley, which naturally contains more than 20 parts per million (ppm) gluten. St. John's Good Mood contains oatstraw, but does not contain measurable gluten (detection limit 3.00 ppm) and can be labeled as gluten-free. If the use of an ingredient results in the presence of 20 ppm or more gluten in a food or dietary supplement product (i.e., 20 micrograms or more gluten per gram of food), then it cannot be labeled as gluten-free.
Herbal Pastilles (lozenges) Traditional Medicinals pastilles are labeled as gluten-free.
As a flavor component, their Throat Coat Herbal Pastilles contain a small amount of organic maltose syrup, which is made from wheat starch. The proteins, however, are removed in the process of making wheat starch which makes it a gluten-free ingredient. Wheat starch generally contains not more than 0.3% of total protein. The analysis of the maltose syrup used in our pastilles product shows that it contains 0.1% proteins. If you are a celiac patient who responds to extremely low doses of gluten, you should avoid Throat Coat Herbal Pastilles.
Do any of your products contain artificial or natural flavors? No. Traditional Medicinals does not add flavors to their products. While it is common for beverage teas to contain added flavors, teas for self care generally do not. We prefer to balance an herbal formula's taste profile using other complementary herbs or their essential oils, because it is important to experience the true taste of the herbs for best results.
About the use of licorice root in Traditional Medicinals' products Licorice root is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs today and has been employed therapeutically for several thousand years in western and eastern systems of Traditional Herbal Medicine. It is also one of the most widely used herbs in many Traditional Medicinals' herbal formulas. We are occasionally asked about its safety and about some reports that it may contribute to potassium loss and raising of blood pressure. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) licorice monograph, no adverse effects have been associated with licorice root when it is used within normal therapeutic dosage and treatment period limits. On prolonged use (longer than 6 weeks regular daily ingestion) at overdose levels (greater than 50,000 mg daily), sodium and water retention and potassium loss may occur, accompanied by hypertension, edema, hypokalemia, and, in rare cases, myoglobinuria. Licorice adverse events have generally been associated with the overdose or binge eating of licorice candies, which may contain concentrated extracts of licorice root. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), licorice root is affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for use, among other things, as a flavoring agent or flavor enhancer in candies, foods, dietary supplements as well as nonalcoholic beverages including herbal teas. In a clinical study involving our Throat Coat herbal tea, which contains both licorice root and licorice extract as primary ingredients, there were no significant changes in systolic or diastolic blood pressure measured during the course of the study with patients drinking 4-6 cups of tea daily.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
About use of stevia leaf in Traditional Medicinals' products Stevia leaf (Stevia rebaudiana) is used in some of Traditional formulas at very low levels functioning appropriately as a taste balancing component. The American Herbal Products Association (AHPA) Botanical Safety Handbook gives stevia leaf a 'Class 1' safety rating, meaning that it can be safely consumed when used appropriately, and it has no known contraindications or specific use restrictions. Traditionally, stevia leaf is used as an herbal tea by indigenous peoples of South America including the Guaraní and Mestizos, often in combination with maté leaf (Ilex paraguariensis).
How do I read the expiration date? Traditional Medicinals puts a three-year shelf life from the date of manufacture on their tea boxes. The left side panel of the box states "Best if Used By – Expiration Date/Lot" and these series of letters and numbers indicate the expiration date. I.E. if your carton reads APR11 R 1988 this indicates that the tea is fresh through April 2011. (The 0 1988 is the lot number).
Do you use recycled materials in your packaging? Traditional Medicinals tea cartons are printed on 100% recycled paperboard (at least 55% verified post-consumer waste). We strongly encourage recycling. When finished, please flatten the carton and include it with other household paper or cardboard for recycling.
Why are all Traditional Medicinals tea bags individually wrapped and sealed? Traditional Medicinals pack each tea bag into a tamper-evident, oxygen and moisture barrier sealed overwrap, which prevents deterioration of components and is essential for preserving the stability of herbal ingredients. Exposure to air, light and humidity has a measurable negative impact on the quality of cut, dried herbs. The sealed teabag overwrap assures that the potency of the herbs remains intact until they reach the teacup, which is an important consideration when using teas for self care. Their teas are made with pharmacopoeial quality herbs and it is essential to protect their potency. Once herbs are cut and dried, their quality diminishes considerably if not stored and sealed properly. The overwrap is not excessive packaging for a pharmacopoeial quality herbal tea but rather an absolute requirement for shelf life stability - they want to make sure the tea will be reliable.
What is Organic? There was a time when all agriculture was "organic." It is only recently in the history of agriculture that people have begun to use synthetic chemicals and fertilizers. However, the use of agricultural chemicals is now widespread and poses significant hazards to the environment and to people. In fact, these "non-organic" practices are so widespread that organic is still considered outside of the mainstream. Although the rise in popularity of organic goods is fast changing this, there's still a long way to go until the norm for agriculture and processing is organic.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
According to the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB), "Organic agriculture is an ecological production management system that promotes and enhances biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity. It is based on minimal use of off farm inputs and on management practices that restore, maintain and enhance ecological harmony." Some synthetic substances are allowed in organic crop production, if they are on the approved list, if they are used according to the National Organic Program (NOP) and if the use of such substances does not contribute to contamination of crops, soil or water. Today, the practices of organic agriculture and, secondarily, organic processing methods, have been standardized and are regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). This standardization is good news for consumers, who can now be assured that when a product says it is organic, a reliable set of practices and procedures have been used. The USDA issued the rules of the NOP in 2002. Any product using the word "organic" must follow the regulations of the NOP. These rules include everything from the use of permissible ingredients to growing methods to manufacturer handling regulations. All of this is done to ensure that organic means the same thing everywhere it is used. Read the NOP to learn about specific organic guidelines for growers and manufacturers. Traditional Medicinals organic products follow the NOP regulations. Traditional Medicinals is certified by the California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF), which has been, and continues to be, one of the leading organic certifying agencies.
Why is Organic Agriculture Important? At this time, it is nearly impossible to go anywhere in the world and not discover toxic chemical residues in the soil, water, animal and plant life. Chemicals are taken up through the soil and water into plants and animals and even people. The widespread use of chemicals in agriculture and manufacturing has had unforeseen consequences. Adhering to organic methods helps to restore an area by freeing it from the application of potentially hazardous chemicals. Organic farms are also habitats for wildlife and insects, which are important to ecological balance. Soil quality is often enhanced and restored. The people who work on organic farms are not exposed to potentially dangerous levels of chemicals. The groundwater is not polluted with the run-off from these chemicals. Organic methods respect life and the delicate balance of ecological systems. Over the last 30 years, the awareness of and demand for organically-produced products has resulted in a tremendous rise in the number of organic acres under cultivation around the world. But not nearly enough! Traditional Medicinals wants to see the day when organic is the rule, not the exception, so they continue to work with growers around the world to develop new sources of organic herbs.
How Does Organic Certification Work? In order to carry the USDA Organic Seal, they must strictly adhere to the NOP regulations established by the USDA. Traditional Medicinals is certified by the California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF). These rules include not only rigorous standards regarding growing methods, they also regulate how organic products are handled, stored, tracked and processed. Every organic manufacturer maintains an audit trail that leads from their final product all the way back to the land that the ingredients were grown on. Only certain materials can be used, not only in growing and processing, but also in the manufacturing facilities themselves.
What is Traditional Herbal Medicine? Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM) is a practice of protecting and restoring health that existed before the relatively recent arrival of modern medicine. THM often serves as one component of a comprehensive system of medicine that may involve the use of plant, animal and mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, regulation of diet and exercise, and manual techniques (like acupuncture or massage) to maintain health but also to prevent and treat illnesses. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 80% of people living in developing countries still rely primarily on Traditional Medicine for their healthcare. The use of THM in industrialized countries is also spreading rapidly, where THMs are often referred to as alternative medicines or complementary medicines or even as herbal dietary supplements or natural health products. Systems of THM that are widely used in national healthcare systems around the world include: Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Unani Medicine, and Traditional Western Herbal Medicine. Others include Traditional Japanese Kampo Medicine and Traditional Tibetan Buddhist Medicine. While many of these systems of medicine are taught in medical schools with a well-defined written herbal materia medica and formulary, there are also non-written systems of THM that are passed on through the oral tradition, such as the Traditional Native American Medicine of various tribes throughout North and South America, and other Shamanic healing systems that involve the use of medicinal plants.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
Living Like There is a Tomorrow All things are interdependent; our health and well being rely on the health and well being of the planet. Good stewardship of the earth's precious natural resources, both human and natural, is a cornerstone of Traditional Medicinals business philosophy. They want to leave a legacy of preservation and sustainability for generations to come. Whether it's Traditional Medicinal's commitment to using organic herbs, off-setting their electricity use with solar and wind power, utilizing recycled paper in their packaging or seeking out partnerships for sustainable herb sources, they go to great lengths to bring you reliable herbal products.
Preserving the Earth and Medicinal Plants for Generations to Come While the growth of awareness in natural healthcare has resulted in a huge expansion of the availability of herbal products, it has also sadly contributed to non-sustainable methods for the harvest of certain herbs compounded by the increasing loss of habitat due to encroachment from development. Because of this, Traditional Medicinals ingredient philosophy mandates that they take into consideration the environmental and social issues associated with a particular herb. Traditional Medicinals supports sustainable wild collection practices and work with their herb suppliers to implement sustainable methods for all wild herbs.
Traditional Medicinals and their products are based on the principles of Knowledge, Efficacy, Sustainability and Partnership. Every herbal product they make is designed to serve a specific purpose. As such, they are formulated according to well-defined systems of Traditional Herbal Medicine that guide the appropriate combining of herbs. They won't make products using just any herbs. Every tea and herbal product that they make must have sufficient evidence of safety, quality and efficacy in support of Traditional Medicinals claim statements and formulation rationale. Traditional Medicinals' products are created for self-care of common, non-serious conditions.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
Reduce, Re-Use, Recycle Every choice makes a difference. Traditional Medicinals has been thinking a lot about their choices for more than thirty years. Their low impact packaging and recycling plan helps them leave a lighter footprint for all of us here today - and tomorrow.
These substainable steps are a normal part of Traditional Medicinals daily business practices:
For twelve consecutive years, Traditional Medicinals has received the Waste Reduction Awards Program (WRAP) award, recognized for their outstanding efforts to reduce waste! Each employee has an individual recycling container to make it easy to recycle paper, plastic, glass, metal and anything else they can. Paper is one of the largest sources of waste from businesses, so in addition to recycling, they constantly seek ways to minimize our office paper use.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags Their tea cartons are made from recycled paper board (at least 55% verified post-consumer waste) and shipped in recyclable shipping cases. They use tea bags made from unbleached manila hemp (Musa textilis) pulp attached to a cotton (Gossypium spp.) string. You can compost your used tea bags, string and all, rather than throwing them in the trash. They will make great soil later on! You can also help support their efforts by easily recycling your empty Traditional Medicinals tea boxes - check with your local trash service to determine whether they pick up recycling or not. Check out the recycling informaton messages on all of our tea cartons, they print useful tips on the inside of every box.
About Traditional Medicinals
Traditional Medicinals offers Herbal Dietary Supplements, Natural Health Products, OTC Medicines and Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products for the global market.
Passion, Knowledge, Commitment The beauty and mystery of Nature continues to capture Traditional Medicinal's imagination and reverence. For more than thirty years, they have been exploring the plant world, providing you with reliable teas and other herbal products formulated with the knowledge of Traditional Herbal Medicine and the most modern scientific methods of quality assurance. Recognizing that all things are connected, Traditional Medicinals is guided by a deep respect for the earth, striving always to ensure that their actions reflect their commitment to the environment. Traditional Medicinals is committed to providing affordable traditional herbal medicine for family health and welfare. They embrace sustainability, ingredient purity, social and environmental activism.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
Guided By Our Principles Since 1974 Traditional Medicinals is guided by a profound reverence for the power of plants and the knowledge contained within the world's great systems of Traditional Herbal Medicine. They guarantee that every capsule, lozenge, and cup of tea we make is guided by these principles:
Knowledge - They believe in the healing power of plants and the wisdom contained within the world's systems of Traditional Herbal Medicine. Their team of herbal experts bring a wealth of ancient and modern knowledge to the creation of our products. Efficacy - Their products work. No other North American herb company invests in the systems, research, testing and quality medicinal grade herbs the way they do at Traditional Medicinals. Sustainability - Traditional Medicinals believes in living as if there is a tomorrow and their business practices reflect this concern for the future. They mean it when they say they care about protecting the earth. Whether it's purchasing wind energy or installing solar panels for our electricity needs or using organically grown herbs, they go further to preserve the environments and communities on which we depend. Partnership - They believe in equitable relationships with their customers, employees, farmers and our community. Traditional Medicinals believes that a product that's good for your body should be good for everybody. Traditional Medicinals Story In early 1974, three young friends started Traditional Medicinals in the back store room of a small herb shop along the Russian River in Northern California. The company was founded with the intention of providing herbal teas for self care, while preserving the knowledge and herbal formulas of Traditional Herbal Medicine (THM).Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
At the time, traditional herbal tea infusions had all but faded away in the United States. And never before had these reliable formulas been available in convenient tea bags. Over the decades that followed, the company introduced millions of health conscious consumers to traditional herbal tea formulas and the concepts of THM. These reliable natural teas were well received and Traditional Medicinals has grown dramatically. Well over a billion cups of tea have been produced at their beautiful country facility and some products like Organic Smooth Move, Organic Throat Coat and Organic Echinacea Plus have become mainstream and can be found in supermarkets and drug stores throughout North America. Additionally, their product offerings have expanded to include some of their best selling tea formulas in other forms such as pastilles, syrups, powders and capsules.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
From their simple beginnings, Traditional Medicinals have been able to share the wonder of herbs and pass along the knowledge contained in the great systems of Traditional Herbal Medicine. To this they have added clinical testing and scientific understanding, as well as sophisticated processes to ensure you reliable products. So, while their business has grown and evolved, they remain rooted in the serious and spirited commitment with which they began over thirty years ago.Female Toner Tea 6 x 16 Wrapped Tea Bags
About Traditional Medicinals
Traditional Medicinals Has Been Making Herbal Teas Since 1974. The Company Is Guided By A Profound Reverence For The Healing Power Of Plants And The Knowledge Contained Within The World's Great Systems Of Traditional Herbal Medicine. Traditional Medicinals Guarantees That Every Cup Of Tea They Make Is Guided By This Reverence.
Contact Traditional Medicinals
Traditional Medicinals
4515 Ross Road
Sebastopol, CA 95472
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Up against the Browns: Steelers
Browns writer Steve Doerschuk takes his final 2013 look at the next opponent, featuring key matchups sure to influence Sunday's game at Pittsburgh. Kickoff time is 1 p.m.
The search for orange October
Maybe it seems like an eternity, but on Oct. 3, the Browns moved 21⁄2 games ahead of Pittsburgh in the AFC North standings with a Thursday night win over Buffalo. The Steelers were in their bye week and had their own eternity to sit on an 0-4 record. It's not as if the schedule had been a muderers row (Titans, Bengals, Bears, Vikings).
It began to turn with Pittsburgh's 16-9 road win over the Jets on Oct. 13. By Nov. 24, a 27-11 win at Cleveland had the Steelers alive in the playoff race, at 5-6. A Dec. 8 home loss to Miami seemed fatal, dropping them to 5-8, but subsequent wins over Cincinnati and at Green Bay — coupled with many teams' struggles — leave them at 7-8, with a shot at the AFC's No. 6 postseason seed.
Steelers in playoffs if ...
Beating the Browns would give the Steelers the AFC's second wild-card spot if: Baltimore loses at Cincinnati, Miami loses to the visiting Jets, and San Diego loses at home to Kansas City.
Mike Tomlin vs. Rod Chudzinski
This is a great chance for Chudzinski to salvage what has turned into a dismal first year at the Browns' helm. The 4-11 record seems all the worse because of the Steelers' history since Tomlin took over for Bill Cowher in 2007. Since then, Tomlin is 29 games over .500 (70-41) in the regular season. The Browns are 37 game under .500 (37-74), and 2-11 against Tomlin. ... Tomlin's team played with a much stronger will than Chudzinski's down the stretch of a Nov. 24 game at Cleveland. A 27-11 home loss stands as this year's worst Browns game, in many ways. The Steelers' decision to fire coordinator Bruce Arians after the 2011 season was ridiculous, in retrospect, but replacement Todd Haley has begun to make headway. Browns defensive coordinator Ray Horton needs a statement game amid a buzz he was over-rated. Dick LeBeau, 76, sends a patchwork Pittsburgh defense against 61-year-old Norv Turner, whose chances in the first game took a hit when Jason Campbell went down with a concussion.
Rookie Le'Veon Bell vs. sagging run defense
The Browns have been abused for 387 rushing yards within the last two games. Defensive end Desmond Bryant has spent the month on injured reserve and nose tackle Phil Taylor left the Jets game with a concussion. Bell (6-1, 244) got nowhere two weeks ago against Cincinnati (24 carries, 57 yards), but looked like a classic Pittsburgh power back Sunday at Green Bay (26 carries, 124 yards). The Browns couldn't stop Jets backs Chris Ivory and Bilal Powel (163 yards, 6.0 per carry), encouraging Pittsburgh to feature Bell in the current game plan. In the first Browns-Steelers game, with Tank Carder replacing injured Craig Robertson at inside linebacker, Bell ran 23 times for 80 yards.
Ben Roethlisberger vs. fading pass rush
Since the Browns passed on him in favor of Kellen Winslow in the 2004 draft, Roethlisberger is 16-1 in his starts against Cleveland. "Big Ben" got kicked around early in the season, when he took most of his 41 sacks. The Browns didn't sack him at all on Nov. 24, and his uncanny escapes are written all over the series history. He has been sharp lately, throwing 15 touchdown passes and three interceptions during the team's current 5-2 hot streak. He threw for 367 yards (Lions) and 349 yards (Dolphins) in recent home games.
Five-foot-10 wideout Antonio Brown's quickness and precise routes give cornerback Joe Haden more trouble than he gets from the larger star receivers. Roethlisberger's 41-yard touchdown pass to Brown late in the first half at Cleveland was a game bender. Haden might be running on fumes.
Jason Campbell vs. Jason Worilds
The Steelers sacked Campbell twice and Brandon Weeden three times in the first game. Worilds has become their best pass rusher; in fact, he may be the reason they follow their pattern of letting an aging rusher (LaMarr Woodley) go, rather than overpaying him. Worilds leads Woodley 8-5 in sacks and 29-28 in pressures. As always, LeBeau will make it hard to predict where his rushers will line up and attack. Former Ohio State star Cameron Heyward might be turning a corner as a third-year pro. He is a threat as an inside rusher and has 28 pressures. As always, the former Hall of Fame defensive back LeBeau must be watched for the corner blitz. The Browns completely missed William Gay on such a play last month, when Gay knocked Campbell into next Tuesday.
Weighing on the game
Steelers wideout Antonio Brown has 101 catches and needs 11 more to match Hines Ward's franchise record of 112. ... Josh Gordon gave the Browns 14 catches for 237 yards in the first Pittsburgh game, but most of the production came when the Browns were hopelessly behind; he had five catches for 62 yards at halftime. ... The Browns tried three running backs in the first Steelers game, Chris Ogbonnaya (4-26), Fozzy Whittaker (6-16) and Willis McGahee (4-12). Recentlyy acquired Edwin Baker — Bell's former Michigan State teammate — is expected to get the bilk of the work in the rematch. ... Norv Turner is still aggravated that Troy Polamalu made a strip resulting in an Ogbonnaya fumble in the first game. Polamalu has five forced fumbles this year.

subset: commoncrawl


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What are some of the things we're looking forward to this year?
How about a new murder mystery, set in 1870s San Francisco, by Emma Donoghue, whose disturbing 2010 novel "Room" was a tour de force?
How about jazz genius Wayne Shorter settling in for a mini-residency at the SFJazz Center, or a semi-staged concert production of Benjamin Britten's famed opera "Peter Grimes"?
How about the farewell tour of country legend George Strait? Or the Noise Pop festival's always-quirky lineup of alt-rock icons and indie-pop up-and-comers.
How about Woody Harrelson and Matthew McConaughey co-starring in an HBO cop drama; or, on the big screen, Josh Boone's adaptation of the acclaimed novel "The Fault in Our Stars."
How about the Tony-winning musical romance "Once" making its Bay Area premiere, or Ballet San Jose stepping forth with new artistic director José Manuel Carreño? Or the famed Meyerhoff modern art collection visiting the de Young museum?
Or a new mecha video game from the creators of "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare?"
Yes, there's a lot to look forward to in the arts and entertainment world this year. Here's a rundown.
"Once": Two young lovers make wistful music together in "Once," the unexpected Broadway smash based on the 2007 Irish indie movie. Adapted by the estimable Enda Walsh ("The Walworth Farce") and directed by John Tiffany (of "Black Watch" fame), this quirky romance set amid the grit and wit of Dublin street busking swept the Tony Awards, winning eight, including best musical. Actors in the ensemble play their own instruments in this offbeat gem, which makes its regional premiere this summer as part of the SHN Broadway series. Details: June 17-July 13; San Francisco's Curran Theatre; $45-$210; www.shnsf.com.
— Karen D'Souza, staff writer
"The Fault in Our Stars": There's little doubt that Christopher Nolan's latest mind-bender, "Interstellar" (out in November), ranks high atop my list of most anticipated 2014 films. But the real sleeper, the one that has a special spot in my heart, is "The Fault in Our Stars." Based on one of my favorite novels of all time, "Fault" is a joyous, sad, inspiring and passionate story about an unconditional, intensely real relationship between two teens who just happen to have cancer. Shailene Woodley, of "The Spectacular Now," stars as the unforgettable and witty/wise Hazel Lancaster. Details: Due in theaters June 6.
— Randy Myers, correspondent
"Modernism From the National Gallery of Art: The Robert & Jane Meyerhoff Collection." Get an amazing overview of the work of major postwar-era American painters. For half a century, the Meyerhoffs of Maryland and Manhattan collected nearly 300 works — by notables such as Ellsworth Kelly, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Frank Stella and Barnett Newman — eventually donating them to the National Gallery of Art. This show, featuring some 50 works, will be the first from the collection to be seen outside the Washington, D.C./Baltimore area. Details: At San Francisco's de Young Museum June 7- Oct. 12; tickets available to public starting 9 a.m. March 11; museum members at 9 a.m. March 4; http://deyoung.famsf.org.
— Bruce Manuel, staff writer
Wayne Shorter: The Wayne Shorter Quartet is the Grateful Dead of jazz: Will they put you to sleep or will they blow your mind? Last fall at the Monterey Jazz Festival, it was the latter — and, given the potential payout, it's always advisable to check them out. On March 27-30, the genius saxophonist/composer/conceptualist and his high-wire band (pianist Danilo Perez, bassist John Patitucci, drummer Brian Blade) perform at the SFJazz Center, a rare multinight run in an intimate venue. To the galaxies! Details: $35-$85; 866-920-5299, www.sfjazz.org.
— Richard Scheinin, staff writer
Video game
"Titanfall": With "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare," developers Jason West and Vince Zampella created the shooter that defined a generation. Now, the two have split from Activision and started their own studio, called Respawn Entertainment, with this futuristic title in the works. Filled with mechs and new gameplay mechanics, this sci-fi epic could set the standards for shooters in 2014 and beyond. Details: "Titanfall" is coming March 14 on the Xbox One, Xbox 360 and PC for $59.99. For details, go to www.titanfall.com.
— Gieson Cacho, staff writer
Ballet San Jose: The company's star-studded gala in November felt like a coronation for new artistic director José Manuel Carreño, the dawning of a brighter era for a troupe that has seen its share of turbulence in recent years. But now it's time to get down to the nitty-gritty; that comes next month when Ballet San Jose presents its first new program under Carreño's stewardship. The wide-ranging lineup includes the company premiere of Israeli choreographer Ohad Naharin's famed improvisational "Minus 16," as well as reprisals of Jorma Elo's "Glow-Stop" (a big hit for the company last year) and Balanchine's revered neoclassical work "Serenade." Details: Feb. 14-16; San Jose Center for the Performing Arts; $20-$105; 408-288-2800, www.balletsj.org.
— Randy McMullen, staff writer
Noise Pop: The Throwing Muses, one of the best and most innovative bands in alt-rock history, highlights this year's festival. The group is touring in support of "Purgatory/Paradise," its first new album since 2003's eponymous affair, and performs Feb. 28 at the Jewish Community Center of San Francisco. The festival, San Francisco's annual celebration of indie music, hosts several other recommended shows, including Bob Mould (Feb. 27) and Real Estate (March 1), as well as an array of movies. Details: Feb. 25-March 2 at various San Francisco venues; shows cost $12-$28, with package deals available for $150-$350; www.noisepop.com.
— Jim Harrington, staff writer
George Strait: "The King of Country" is set to hang up his spurs at the conclusion of his lengthy Cowboy Rides Away Tour. Local fans definitely shouldn't miss this farewell trek and the chance to hear such classics as "A Fire I Can't Put Out," "You Look So Good in Love" and "Let's Fall to Pieces Together" performed live one more time. Martina McBride, arguably one of the top five female artists in country music history, opens the concert. Details: 7:30 p.m. Jan. 30; SAP Center in San Jose; $69.50-$89.50; www.ticketmaster.com.
— Jim Harrington, staff writer
"True Detective": Woody Harrelson and Matthew McConaughey bring their considerable star power to this cable drama, which doesn't look or feel like the typical TV cop show. They play former partners in Louisiana's Criminal Investigation Division who are forced to relive a macabre 1995 murder with occult overtones when a similar case unfolds 17 years later. Swiveling between past and present, the eight-part story reveals how the bizarre crime affected their lives in unexpected, and sometimes catastrophic, ways. Details: Debuts 9 p.m. Sunday, HBO.
— Chuck Barney,
staff writer
"Peter Grimes": Centenary celebrations for British composer Benjamin Britten — born Nov. 22, 1913 — will soon come to an end across the classical music world. In San Francisco, the last blast should not be missed: a semi-staged production of Britten's 1945 opera "Peter Grimes," about a fisherman accused of murder (twice) in his Suffolk village on England. A work of fierce beauty and bristling energy — at times ferocious — this masterwork will be performed by the San Francisco Symphony and Chorus, with tenor Stuart Skelton in the title role and Michael Tilson Thomas conducting. Details: June 26, 27 and 29, Davies Symphony Hall, San Francisco; $34-$152; 415-864-6000, www.sfsymphony.org. (On June 28, Tilson Thomas leads a separate program featuring the "Four Sea Interludes" from "Peter Grimes" — with video by Tal Rosner — as well as excerpts from Britten's "The Prince of the Pagodas"; $41-$156.)
— Richard Scheinin, staff writer
"Frog Music": Man Booker shortlist author Emma Donoghue wowed me almost against my will with her powerful 2010 novel, "Room," about a kidnapped young woman raising, in excruciatingly confined captivity, the 5-year-old child fathered by her abductor. So I am even more eager to read a new crime thriller based on a historic case she has set in San Francisco in the Gilded Age. "Frog Music" has a pivotal character who earns her living by hunting frogs to sell to local restaurants. The main narrative stars an exotic dancer who is also a mother, investigating the murder of a friend shot through a saloon window in a city beset both by a record-breaking heat wave and a smallpox epidemic. Details: Due out in late March; Little, Brown and Co., $27, 216 pages.
— Sue Gilmore, staff writer


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Very small (please see size information below) lovely Japanese wooden kokeshi doll. This pretty doll is less than 40 years old and is in fair condition with marks and scratches from handling and discoloration and stains from age and display. This is a "naruko" style kokeshi with a special neck joint which allows the doll to squeak when the head is turned. This clever design was developed long ago by craftsmen seeking a way to cause the dolls cry like a baby. Please read below to learn about the history of kokeshi dolls, one of Japan's most unique and distinctive folk crafts.
Height: 1.4 inches (3.5 centimeters)
Weight: 0.2 ounces (5 grams)
Important note:
Images of the kokeshi we list are often uploaded to our Japan Vintage Kokeshi Blog which is an on-line gallery of unique and interesting kokeshi dolls. The purpose of this blog is strictly to share images of some of the wonderful dolls we encounter in the course of our work, and to provide a digital archive to preserve these images into the future. If you purchase a kokeshi from us and do not want a digital copy of your doll displayed in the photo blog or archive then please simply send us an email indicating your preference and we will promptly remove the image.
Click here to see more kokeshi!
Click here to see other Japanese dolls!
Click here to see additional treasures from Japan!
More about Kokeshi
Kokeshi wooden dolls are one of the most unique and interesting of Japan's many traditional folk crafts. Originating in the early 19th century in the northern spa towns of Miyagi prefecture, kokeshi are thought to have first been produced as toys for children from leftover bits of scrap wood. These early dolls were made by craftsmen who earned their living producing other types of woodcraft, but who eventually began to create kokeshi to be sold as souvenirs in the area's many local hot spring resorts. Over time the craft was refined, with many regional varieties appearing reflecting a wide range of technical and artistic variation. Today there are several schools of kokeshi design led by master craftsmen who often pass their trade to succeeding generations within their own family.
When collecting kokeshi it is important to note that you will likely encounter two main types; dolls which are made by artists and those which are mass-produced to be sold as souvenirs. The former are usually one-of-a-kind originals created by dedicated artisans who take their work very seriously and place great emphasis on traditional design and appearance. The other type of kokeshi are those which are manufactured specifically to be sold as souvenirs of famous or interesting places such as resorts or hot springs. These are produced en-mass, and while often attractive and interesting memorabilia they are not as frequently sought after by collectors and usually command a lower selling price. How can you determine if a kokeshi is an 'artist' or 'craftsman' style doll? This is actually quite easy as artist dolls are normally signed (on the bottom) by the maker, and may have no other writing on the body of the doll besides decorative calligraphy. Souvenir types on the other hand are normally unsigned and may have the name of the place which sold them conspicuously visible on the body of the doll. Collectors of Kokeshi typically place special emphasis on the facial quality of the dolls, desiring certain types – gentle or mischievous for example – over others. One interesting Japanese Kokeshi collector we previously met expressed a preference for newer dolls over older ones, fearing the older dolls may be haunted.
item code: R4S4-0004401
ship code: L1650


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This article was originally published in the July/August 1994 issue of Home Energy Magazine. Some formatting inconsistencies may be evident in older archive content.
| Home Energy Home Page | Back Issues of Home Energy |
Home Energy Magazine Online July/August 1994
Ground-Source Heat Pumps Gaining Ground
Ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs), also called geothermal heat pumps or ground-coupled heat pumps, are gaining popularity as efficient space-conditioning systems. A 1993 report by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Space Conditioning: The Next Frontier, rated advanced and emerging GSHP technologies among the best alternative residential space-conditioning systems, providing performance, cost savings for consumers, along with low CO2 emissions and overall environmental costs. The trend is evidenced by recent and planned installations nationwide, and the formations of both a national consortium and a California committee to further study and promote the use of ground-source heat pumps. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) also plans to initiate a program with the goal of increasing total annual sales and installations ten-fold, from the estimated 40,000 in 1993 to 400,000 by 2000, a total that would be roughly half the current annual sales of conventional air-source heat pumps.
A ground-source heat pump heats and cools just like a conventional heat pump, but instead of an outdoor unit with heat exchanger coils and a fan in a box, the outside coils are buried in the ground. Ground-source heat pumps take advantage of the more-constant ground temperature, which in the lower 48 states varies only from 42deg.F-77deg.F, while air temperatures range from -40deg.F to more than 100deg.F.
The most common ground-source heat pump is a closed-loop system in which water or an anti-freeze solution is circulated through plastic pipes buried underground (see Ground-Source Heat Pumps: Earth as Heat Source and Heat Sink, HE Nov/Dec '90 p.32). The loop may be vertical, installed in a shaft drilled much the same as a water well, or horizontal, installed in underground trenches. In trench systems, the piping loops commonly have a serpentine or slinky configuration. Available land, and the types of soil and rock determine the most economical choice. In winter, the circulating fluid collects heat from the earth and carries it through the system and into the building. In summer, the system flow is reversed to remove heat from the building and place it in the ground. Open loop systems that employ groundwater, or surface water such as a pond or lake, are used in some parts of the country, but water supply and water quality issues impose limitations on such applications.
Ground-source heat pumps are available with an optional de-superheater that siphons off some hot refrigerant to a secondary heat exchanger for domestic water heating. In the cooling mode, this surplus heat provides free hot water and in the winter heating mode, it reduces water-heating costs, providing average overall savings of 60% on annual water-heating bills.
Equipment efficiencies generally exceed high-efficiency air-source heat pumps. Energy-efficiency ratios (EER) for standard ground-source heat pumps begin at about 13.2 EER and 3.1 coefficient of performance (COP), and the most-efficient equipment available exceeds 20 EER and 6 COP. Although they have successfully saved energy and costs in many installations (based on consumer and utility information), actual measured data from field tests is not abundant, and the savings vary based on location, climate, and utility rates. In a Louisiana test, a four-ton air conditioner and a gas furnace were replaced with a ground-source heat pump, electricity costs were reduced by 21% and gas service was eliminated. Annual energy cost savings for the home averaged $580 over a five-year period. The system cost $2,200 over the replacement of the air conditioner and gas furnace, so payback on the system was less than four years.
Citing advantages, Jim Bose, executive director of the ten-year-old International Ground-Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA), said, Based on user surveys, it has the highest percentage of customer satisfaction (97%) of any heating and cooling technology, and on average it reduces customer utility bills 30-40%. IGSHPA claims that systems can produce cost savings of 30%-60% in the heating mode, and savings of 10%-25% in the cooling mode, when compared to other temperature control systems. Utilities also benefit from a reduction in peak load demand. A 1989 comparison of ground-source heat pumps with air-source heat pumps in PSI Energy's Indiana service area showed a peak heating-load reduction of 50% and peak cooling-load reductions of 20-25%.
Equipment and system longevity of this new technology has not been fully tested; however, ground-loop heat exchangers made of high-quality polyethylene or polybutylene pipe are warrantied up to 50 years by many manufacturers. Based on Ontario Hydro's experience with the installation of 7,000 units from 1990-1993, the utility's Randall Lee says the integrity and efficiency of the systems are dependent on proper installation. Unlike conventional heat pumps, there is no maintenance for outside fan coil units which are exposed to weather, environmental hazards, and vandalism, and there is no outside unit noise.
IGSHPA is based at Oklahoma State University in Stillwater where Bose is an engineering professor. The 480-member association carries out training, education, and research, publishes guides for installation and design, and has accredited 1,300 installers.
Bose believes the main obstacle to expanding the market is lack of awareness of the technology, but initial costs also affect market growth. Equipment prices run high compared to conventional heat pumps, and the ground-loop drilling or trenching adds to the installation costs. Generally, applications have been for new construction, with ground loops installed during lot or subdivision preparation, or for owners of rural or larger lots with adequate ground space.
Residential sales and installations, particularly in the central states from Canada to the Gulf Coast, provided the first major surge in ground-source heat pump use beginning in the 1980s, with promotion and assistance from rural electric cooperatives, and later from investor-owned utilities. Ground-source heat pumps comprise an estimated 2.5%-3% of the total annual residential heat-pump market. The light-commercial market and schools are currently the fastest growing segments.
An example of a successful new-construction project is the 126-home Walden Pond subdivision in Indiana in which ground loops for the entire development were installed prior to home construction, as a joint effort of PSI Energy and the homebuilder. In a 1990 report, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) estimated that the ground-source heat pumps produce $400 per year energy savings per customer for all-electric homes, with pre-installation producing a 34% cost reduction for home buyers, when compared to one-at-a-time loop installations.1 PSI Energy has since entered agreements to pre-install ground loops in 40 more subdivisions totaling 1,400 homes, and about 10% of new homes in the utility's service area are being built with ground-source heat pumps.
DOE Consortium
DOE senior program manager Lew Pratsch said that the agency had identified the potential of ground-source heat pumps as part of the Bush Administration's National Energy Strategy, but President Clinton's 1993 Climate Change Action Plan has enabled a formal program to get underway (see Carrots and Sticks from Washington, p.2). In 1993, the national Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium was formed. It includes DOE, EPA, EPRI, IGSHPA, Edison Electric Institute, National Rural Electric Co-op Association, and manufacturer representatives.
Pratsch anticipates that DOE's major efforts will begin in 1995 and said that the key program goals are to get utilities more involved, create market incentives, and find ways to reduce the cost and time of installation, which will involve getting more work for installation crews, finding ways to reduce the size of the ground loop to expand the market for urban lots, and obtaining more data for utilities to justify incentive programs. The proposed DOE consortium program calls for spending $100 million over six years, with the private sector contributing two-thirds of program costs.
Pratsch also believes that ground-source heat pumps can be tied into building envelope improvements in retrofit applications. He cited a recent Department of Housing and Urban Renewal project for a 348-unit apartment complex in Tulsa, retrofitted with a ground-source heat pump system and envelope improvements which enabled a reduction in the building's Heating, Ventilating and Cooling (HVAC) tonnage from 724 to 516 tons. The largest single replacement program in the nation is underway at Fort Polk in Louisiana where the Department of Defense is replacing 4,000 conventional heat pumps with ground-source heat pumps, for military housing.
The western states have been slower to use and promote ground source heat pumps, but the California Geothermal Heat Pump Committee, formed in 1993, has completed an initial economic assessment of the technology in the state, with funding assistance from DOE. Committee participants include the California Energy Commission (CEC), local electric utilities, the Geothermal Resources Council, the Western Area Power Administration, DOE, and equipment manufacturers.
The California study evaluated six locations statewide, comparing ground-source heat pumps with conventional HVAC appliances.2 Results favored use of ground-source heat pumps in four of the six areas, for both retrofit and new construction. Adding a water-heating option would make all six locations cost-effective in new construction, and five of the locations favorable for retrofits. Utility rebates and incentives would further enhance the economics for consumers.
Committee member David Maul of the CEC said that ground-source heat pumps have the potential to significantly reduce total energy consumption for home heating and cooling in California. However, overall economic feasibility and cost effectiveness will be closely tied to actual installed costs. Maul said, Market demand and competition is critical in order to bring manufacturers here with competitive unit prices, and to bring down the average cost currently charged by well-drilling companies for drilling.
Several California projects are planned or underway. The Truckee-Donner Public Utility District near Lake Tahoe will install six residential ground-source heat pumps this year as a pilot project, with an eventual goal of a full-scale marketing and incentive program for the utility's 8,000 customers. In this cold-winter mountain area, load factor is a concern, as is air quality, with the units providing a clean alternative to wood burning. The Plumas-Sierra Rural Electric Co-op is also involved in the installation of 100 GSHPs in a resort condominium complex.
Another project will be a cooperative effort between the Sacramento Municipal Utility District and the Sacramento Housing and Redevelopment Agency (SHRA). The two plan to install 556 residential ground-source heat pumps within three years. A primary motivation for SHRA's interest is the need to reduce maintenance and vandalism costs now resulting from the use of outdoor units for conventional heat pumps.
-- Ted Rieger
Ted Rieger is a Sacramento, California-based freelance writer who specializes in energy issues.
1. Geothermal, Ground-Loop Pre-installation Project at Walden Pond, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California, August 1990, Report#CU-6969. Tel: (415)855-2411.
2. Economic Assessment of Geothermal Heat Pumps in the State of California (Phase 1 Activity), December 1993, presented by The Fleming Group, Inc., East Syracuse, New York. Tel: (315)437-1869.
Figure 1. Three configurations of ground-source heat exchanger installation.
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Today 08 Feb, 2023 and 18 Rajab, Sehri and Iftar time in Baxenden are as Fiqa Hanafi Sehri time is 05:42 AM and fiqa Hanafi iftar time is 5:06 PM. According to Fiqa Jafria Sehri & Iftari timings are as follows: Shia sehri time in Baxenden is 05:32 and Iftar time is 05:16 .
Baxenden Ramadan Timings 2023 - People can access the accurate Ramadan Timings for Sehr o Iftar even before the commencement of holy month from this page.
Exclusively designed according to the geographic location of city, Baxenden Ramadan Timings Schedule 2023 is applicable for the upcoming holy month of Ramadan.
Find complete Baxenden Ramadan timings fasting schedule of Sehri o Iftar for year 2023 with date, day of week, and Sehri and iftar time. KFoods.com offers Baxenden Ramadan timings for both Fiqa Jafria & Hanafi. Find the complete Baxenden Ramadan timings with Iftar and Inteha e Sehr time. The Ramadan schedule 2023 has been presented for all major cities of United Kingdom. Like every year, KFoods.com brings complete Baxenden Ramadan Timing for your city. Save this calendar in your browser bookmarks so that whenever you need to check fasting time, you can easily access your Baxenden Ramadan Calendar for year 2023.


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How to apply Vietnam visa for citizens of New Caledonia in Hong Kong
This section explains how citizens of New Caledonia who currently travel or do businesses in Hong Kong want to get a Visa to visit Vietnam.
If you hold passport of New Caledonia, you have two options to apply for Vietnam visa in Hong Kong.
1. Apply Vietnam Visa Online for the approval letter to pick up the Visa at Vietnam airport (Vietnam visa on arrival).
This method is very convenience, fast, reasonable and secure. You just stay at home, access the Internet, apply Online and it is done in couple of minutes!
- Issuing unit: Vietnam Immigration Department in Vietnam
- Processing time: 1 – 2 working days
- No passport send-off
Fill in the secured Vietnam visa application form online with required information such as your full name, date of birth, passport number, arrival date… You are required to enter the exact personal information of the applicant(s) in order for the Immigration Department to issue Visa Approval Letter.
Please double check to ensure the information is correct. Then process to make payment for the service fee. You can make payment with your Credit/ Debit Card /PayPal or pay via Western Union.
The cost for Vietnam visa on arrival includes:
- Visa service fee (we charge you for the service fee) and,
- Visa stamping fee (paid to custom officials at airports when you arrive Vietnam)
After submitting your Visa Application, what you do is:
- Wait for 2 working days (normal service) or 1 working day or 4 hours / 8 hours working (urgent cases) to get your Visa Approval Letter issued by Vietnam Immigration Department via email
- Print the visa approval letter out together with the Vietnamese Visa application form (You may download it here)
- Get your visa stamped at "Visa landing Office" at the airport before you come to the stamp check-in counter by presenting your visa approval letter, passport, 02 passport-sized photos, Vietnamese Visa application form (already filled out), and stamping fee to the Immigration Officer.
Note that: Visa on arrival works for air travel only. And it is available in 4 international airports in Vietnam, including Noi Bai airport (Ha Noi city), Tan Son Nhat airport (Ho Chi Minh City city), Cam Ranh airport (Nha Trang city) and Da Nang airport (Da Nang city).
2. Apply for Vietnam Visa at Vietnam Embassy in Hong Kong
Citizens of New Caledonia can also come to Vietnam embassy in Hong Kong to apply Vietnam Visa by yourselves. You may click here to find the address of Vietnam embassy in Hong Kong
The following documents are required for each visa application:
- The Vietnam visa code (If required)
- Original Passport (with at least 01 month validity from the date of leaving Vietnam)
- One completed application form for a Vietnam visa (Contact the embassy or consulate for this form)
- One passport sized photo of 4×6 cm (attached to the application)
- Visa fees
* Sometimes Flight return ticket and Hotel booking reservation or tour itinerary are required. Please check these information with the embassy to know further information.
How to apply Vietnam Visa code?
To apply the Vietnam visa code, please click here to apply online. At "Arrival airport" you click to change into "Embassy Visa" and choose Hong Kong. You will get the Visa approval letter after 1 or 2 working days. With this letter you can use to get the visa at Vietnam embassy in Hong Kong.
You can also click here to apply at Vietnam embassy Visa.


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In 2013, foodies experienced the cronut, the ramen burge and an explosive plant-based protein market. As the year winds down, it's time to predict what 2014's food and nutrition scene will entail. And it looks like food shopping will move from chore to explore.
Here's what some top experts predict:
Socially responsible companies take the lead. According to a survey by ConAgra Foods, 62 percent of consumers 'appreciate, and want to support, companies that donate to important social causes.' Brands have become more transparent, and with that comes adhering to a certain amount of social responsibility. Consumers will be drawn to those brands that deliver a consumer-friendly product, while also supporting initiatives that align with their particular beliefs and views.
Top 5 Foods to Fight Inflammation
Responsible/edible food packaging. Consumers are becoming more educated about what's lining the shelves at their supermarkets, including an increased awareness of not only what's in the product, but also what it's packaged in. In fact, some companies have taken this a step further through the use of new technologies to create edible wrappers. According to JWT, a global marketing and advertising agency that compiles a trend report every year, Bob's – a burger chain in Brazil – now serves its burgers in packaging you can eat, while Los Angeles-based ice cream truck brand Coolhaus wraps ice cream sandwiches in edible material. Could these new wrappers become a low-calorie, high-fiber side dish to packaged meals?
Tech-savvy shoppers. Grocers recognize that online food shopping and technology-involved shopping is the future. Look out for more online ordering from your local stores and even a drive-through window for easy pick up. Additionally, apps on your phone will allow consumers to 'learn more about an ingredient or health claim [on a food package] by simply focusing the mobile device on the product's label.' Fast food may become even faster through the use of an E-ZPass.
Jet-setting around the world … at home. International flavors are going to make appearances in our own kitchens. Seasonings and spices not only jazz up a dish, but they also offer an array of health benefits.
Spice Up Your Life, Using Your Plate
Snack happy. Several consumer reports this past year highlighted Americans' 24/7 snacking habits, and supermarkets will make it a point to showcase healthier options loaded with health benefits. 'Look for supermarkets to capitalize on the healthier snacking trend in 2014 by replacing traditional higher-sugar, higher-fat snacks at the checkout with better-for-you on-the-go offerings,' says 'Supermarket Guru' Phil Lempert. This goal will also jive with the FDA's new trans-fat ban.
Waste not, want not. Good Housekeeping magazine reports that nearly 40 percent of the food in this country goes uneaten. GH highlights the importance of trying to make the most of leftovers and not over-buying. Make a shopping list and check it twice so you don't bring home items already in your pantry.
Tea time. We may not be located in England, but the tea craze is for real here in the United States, too. In fact, tea is the most global-friendly beverage. Consider that Starbucks paired with Teavana to open its first Tea Bar – I attended the grand opening in New York a few months ago, and from the looks of it, I'd say tea sets are gong to be a hot item this holiday season.
Strip Teas: The Naked Truth About Tea
New superfoods. Every year, claims emerge labeling different foods as 'super.' While some deserve the title, others fall short. We've seen the kale trend and quinoa craze, and cheers for chia. This year, get ready for new super grains like freekah and teff to take center stage. And prepare to shine a light on the year's hot veggie: cauliflower. You'll see colorful cauliflowers and find them in places you wouldn't think of looking, like mashed potatoes.
'Free-from' foods. Look out for increased competition among allergy-friendly foods. As allergies are on the rise, more companies are producing products that are free from gluten, soy, nuts, dairy and so on. Experts predict we're about to see more products made from coconut and, yes, even more gluten-free flours. But don't be fooled by the word 'free,' because it could actually be costly – a gluten-free donut is still a donut with just as much fat, sugar and calories as it's regular counterpart.
The new culinary school. Experts predict that supermarkets will become the new culinary mecca. Many stores already offer cooking demos or 'community cooking centers' that allow shoppers to come together and learn from one another. The supermarket is a classroom for adults, and I implore you to bring along the kiddies to teach them how to find foods that will help them grow and flourish.
2013 Food Trends: What's Hot at Restaurants
According to Lempert, 2014's food trends will follow customers' ever-evolving 'relationships with merchants, brands and food.' Let's raise a glass and ring in a new year of healthy relationships!
What trends do you think will emerge in 2014? Please share your thoughts in the comments.
Hungry for more? Write to email@example.com with your questions, concerns and feedback.
Bonnie Taub-Dix, MA, RD, CDN,
has been owner of BTD Nutrition Consultants, LLC, for more than three decades and she is the author of Read It Before You Eat It. As a renowned motivational speaker, author, media personality, and award-winning dietitian, Taub-Dix has found a way to communicate how to make sense of science. Her website is


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Spiderman pattern
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Bead Colors/Quantity
Important steps on ironing your pattern:
- Print out your perler bead pattern and put it under or next to the pegboard. Look for the colors for your perler and insert them in the right pins.
- Put some baking paper on top of your pattern and start ironing it in a circular motion for a few seconds. When ironed properly, all beads will still have an open center.
- Let the design cool. Once cooled remove the baking paper and enjoy your perler bead creation.


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Dr. Florian R. Simon (LL.M.)
The publishing company Duncker & Humblot currently publishes over 250 new titles a year. Many of our titles are published within one of our 150 series. Duncker & Humblot also publishes 20 journals and yearbooks. Our backlist consists of more than 15,000 titles. We produce high-quality academic research and scholarly publications, especially in the fields of law and social science.
Contact us here.
History of Duncker & Humblot
Duncker & Humblot was established in 1798 and is one of Germany's leading academic publishing houses. In 1798 Heinrich Frölich obtained the right to print and sell books from Friedrich Vieweg. One of our first journals was called »Athenäum« and was edited by the Brothers Schlegel, with the help of Schleiermacher and Novalis. After Frölich's death in 1805 Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Duncker became managing director and in 1809 he acquired the company together with his friend Peter Humblot.
Amongst our early authors were Goethe, E.T.A. Hoffmann and La Motte-Fouqué. But the main focus has always been on scholarly publishing, especially in the field of philosophy (first complete edition of Hegel's works) and history (beginning of the cooperation with Leopold v. Ranke). In the second half of the 19th century, the publishing firm was bought by Carl Geibel, who relocated the company to Leipzig. During this period, economics, law and social sciences were added to the company's portfolio.
In the 1920s the publishing house was based in Munich and run by Ludwig Feuchtwanger, the brother of the writer Lion Feuchtwanger. He began the cooperation with Carl Schmitt, a controversial expert on constitutional law.
In 1938 Johannes Broermann bought the publishing house from Geibel and moved the company back to Berlin. It was only due to Broermann's tireless efforts that the publishing house was able to prevail during the war. After his death in 1984, his nephew Prof. Dr. h.c. Norbert Simon took over the company. His son, Dr. Florian R. Simon (LL.M), came on board in 2002 and was acting together with him as managing partner since 2005. After his father's death on May 30 2013, Florian Simon became solely responsible for managing the publishing house.
Since 2008 Duncker & Humblot has also been publishing electronically. All of our journals and new book releases are available in electronic format. Additionally, the majority of our backlist is either retro-digitized or available as »Ebook on Demand«.


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Thousands rally against stricter gun control in U.S.
Thousands of gun advocates gathered peacefully Saturday at state capitals around the U.S. to rally against stricter limits on firearms, with demonstrators carrying rifles and pistols in some places while those elsewhere settled for waving hand-scrawled signs or screaming themselves hoarse.
The size of crowds at each location varied — from dozens of people in South Dakota to 2,000 in New York. Large crowds also turned out in Connecticut, Tennessee and Texas. Some demonstrators in Phoenix and Salem, Ore., came with holstered handguns or rifles on their backs. At the Kentucky Capitol in Frankfort, attendees gave a special round of applause for "the ladies that are packin'."
Activists promoted the "Guns Across America" rallies primarily through social media. They were being held just after President Barack Obama unveiled a sweeping package of federal gun-control proposals.
The crowd swelled to more than 800 amid balmy temperatures on the steps of the pink-hued Capitol in Austin, where speakers took the microphone under a giant Texas flag with "Independent" stamped across it. Homemade placards read "An Armed Society is a Polite Society," ''The Second Amendment Comes from God" and "Hey King O., I'm keeping my guns and my religion."
"The thing that so angers me, and I think so angers you, is that this president is using children as a human shield to advance a very liberal agenda that will do nothing to protect them," said state Rep. Steve Toth, referencing last month's elementary school massacre in Newtown, Conn.
Toth, a first-term Republican lawmaker from The Woodlands outside Houston, has introduced legislation banning within Texas any future federal limits on assault weapons or high-capacity magazines, though such a measure would violate the U.S. Constitution.
Rallies at statehouses nationwide were organized by Eric Reed, an airline captain from the Houston area who in November started a group called "More Gun Control (equals) More Crime." Its Facebook page has been "liked" by more than 17,000 people.
Texas law allows concealed handgun license-holders to carry firearms anywhere, but Reed said rally-goers shouldn't expose their weapons: "I don't want anyone to get arrested."
A man who identified himself only as "Texas Mob Father" carried a camouflaged assault rifle strapped to his back during the Austin rally, but he was believed to be the only one to display a gun. Radio personality Alan LaFrance told the crowd he brought a Glock 19, but he kept it out of sight.
At the New York state Capitol in Albany, about 2,000 people turned out for a chilly rally, where they chanted "We the People," ''USA," and "Freedom." Many carried American flags and "Don't Tread On Me" banners. The event took place four days after Democratic Gov. Andrew Cuomo signed the nation's toughest assault weapon and magazine restrictions.
Republican Assemblyman Steven McLaughlin said the new law was "abuse of power" by the governor. Some in the crowd carried "Impeach Cuomo" signs. Protester Robert Candea called the restrictions "an outrage against humanity."
In Connecticut, where task forces created by the Legislature and Democratic Gov. Dannel Malloy are considering changes to gun laws, police said about 1,000 people showed up on the Capitol grounds. One demonstrator at the rally in Maine, Joe Getchell of Pittsfield, said every law-abiding citizen has a right to bear arms.
Capitol rallies also took place in Michigan, Montana, Wisconsin, Missouri and North Carolina, among other states.
Back in Texas, Houston resident Robert Thompson attended the rally with his wife and children, ages 12, 5 and 4. Many in the family wore T-shirts reading: "The Second Amendment Protects the First."
"What we are facing now is an assault weapons ban, but if they do this, what will do they do next?" Thompson asked.
William Lawson drove more than four hours from Wichita Falls and held up a sign reading "Modern Musket" over the image of an assault rifle and the words, "An American Tradition since 1776."
"I'm not some wild-eyed person who wants to fight in the streets," Lawson said. "This is a country of laws. But I want to protect our Constitution."
Texas Land Commissioner Jerry Patterson conceded that the Second Amendment sometimes leads to killings, but he told the crowd that the First Amendment can be just as dangerous. Patterson said news coverage of those responsible for mass shootings can spark copy-cat shootings.
"All of us here, together, are right about our liberty," Patterson said. "And we will not back down."
Associated Press writers Bob Christie in Phoenix, Ian Pickus in Albany, N.Y., Emery P. Dalesio, Raleigh, N.C., and Debbi Morello in Hartford, Conn., contributed to this report.


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Associated Press CINCINNATI – Maj. Thomas C. 'Tom' Griffin, a B-25 bomber navigator in the audacious Doolittle's Raid attack on mainland Japan during World War II, has died.
His death at age 96 leaves four surviving Raiders.
Griffin died Tuesday in a veterans nursing home in northern Kentucky. He was among the 80 original volunteers for the daring April 18, 1942, mission. When they began training, they were told only it would be 'extremely hazardous,' coming in the aftermath of Japan's devastating attack on Pearl Harbor and a string of other Japanese military successes.
'We needed to hit back,' Griffin said in an interview a year ago in his suburban Cincinnati home. The attack on Tokyo, with a risky launch of 16 land-based bombers at sea from an aircraft carrier, shocked the Japanese and was credited with providing a major lift to American morale.
The planes lacked fuel to reach safe bases after dropping their bombs. Griffin parachuted over China after the attack, eluded Japanese capture, and returned to action in bombing runs from North Africa before being shot down in 1943 and spending nearly two years in a German prison camp.
Griffin died less than two months from what now will be the Raiders' final annual reunion, April 17-21 in Fort Walton Beach, in the Florida Panhandle where the Raiders trained for the attack.
'We kind of expected it, because he had gone downhill pretty quickly the last few weeks, but you can never really prepare yourself for when one of these guys goes,' said Tom Casey, manager of the Doolittle Raiders Association.
Griffin took part in last year's 70th reunion at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force near Dayton, which also included survivors and relatives of the USS Hornet carrier and Chinese villagers who helped the Raiders elude capture. Eight Raiders were captured, and three were executed. A fourth died in captivity. Villagers suspected of hiding the Americans also were executed.
'We had a lot of near-misses, when they (Japanese soldiers) raided places we had been the night before,' recalled Griffin, who had parachuted into a tree without major injury. Three Raiders died off China after the raid.
Griffin had joked last year that he hoped to be one of the last two surviving Raiders who would share the final toast in a small gathering, which had been the plan for decades.
'It's going to be special,' Griffin said before the Dayton reunion. 'I can't help but think it's going to be our last one.'
Instead, it will be Griffin's turn to be honored at the reunion; a goblet with his name engraved on it will be turned upside down. The private ceremony will include only Raiders, the Raiders' historian, Casey and two Air Force cadets, there will be a roll call of the names of all the Raiders. When Griffin's name is called, Lt. Col. Richard Cole, at age 97 the oldest survivor, will give a report on Griffin, Casey said.
At the end of the reading of names, the white-gloved cadets will pour cognac into the goblets of the survivors, and they will drink their special toast: 'To those who have gone.'
Besides Cole, a Dayton native who lives in Comfort, Texas, the other survivors are Lt. Col. Robert Hite of Nashville, Tenn.; Lt. Col. Edward Saylor of Puyallup, Wash., and Master Sgt. David Thatcher of Missoula, Mont.
Casey said Thursday that the Raiders have decided not to wait until there are two survivors to have the final toast. Instead, they plan to have a special gathering later this year to share what will be their final toast. He said because of the advancing ages of the remaining survivors, it was decided to allow all those still alive late this year to take part.
Dates and details will be announced later. For their toast, they will drink from a bottle of 1896 cognac, the year their commander Lt. Col. 'Jimmy' Doolittle was born.
Griffin was a native of Green Bay, Wis., who settled in the Cincinnati area after the war and had an accounting business. He was preceded in death by his wife, and is survived by two sons.
Services will be March 9 at the Green Township Veterans Park, with a B-25 flyover planned.
Online: Doolittle Tokyo Raider site:
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The polymer magazine that revolutionized magazine technology for the AR-15/M16/M4 platform just got even better. The third-generation PMAG further expands the strength, reliability, and versatility of the original PMAG. Along with all variants of the AR-15/M16/M4, the GEN M3 is fully compatible with the HK® 416 and MR556A1, M27 IAR, British SA-80, and even the FN® SCAR™ MK 16/16S. It's molded from a polymer formula that delivers distinctly greater resistance to crushing and all forms of impact, with extra reinforcement in the mag catch and feed lip areas. A new-design four-way anti-tilt follower ensures even smoother feeding, even when contaminated by dust or grit. Pop-off dust cover, included, helps minimize debris intrusion and prevent damage during storage. The removable floorplate is both stronger and slimmer for easier side-by-side carry in tight mag pouches. A pen dot matrix on each side allows consistent ID marking that resists handling wear. PMAG 30 is available with a clear polymer window on each side that lets you see the load status at a glance. Windows are made from an all-new, advanced clear polymer formula that offers even more resistance to chemicals and impact than the original MagLevel PMAG.
SPECS: Impact/crush-resistant molded hard polymer, Black. Compatible with AR-15/M4/M16, HK® 416, MR556A1, M27 IAR, British SA-80, FN® SCAR™ MK 16/16S, and other similar lowers. 5.56mm/.223 ammunition only.
Mfr Part: MAG556-BLK
$13.29 $17.05
Cartridge: 223 Remington, 5.56 mm NATO, 300 AAC Blackout
Capacity: 30-Round
Finish: Black
Material: Polymer, ...
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Material: Polymer
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AfriGeneas Free Persons of Color Forum
Welcome to the Free Persons of Color (FPOC) Forum. This is the hosted message board of the Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware website. This is the place to discuss issues pertaining to ancestors who were either born free or emancipated prior to the Civil War. It should be noted that the term "free colored" may have included individuals who were described as black, red, brown, yellow, mulatto, quadroon, mestizo, Creole, etc., or any combination thereof and who were not (or no longer) enslaved. This forum is strictly limited to discussion of the above topic. All other posts will be removed.
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Penn State: Scandal costs stand at more than $27M
STATE COLLEGE -- Penn State's bill for legal fees, consultants and other costs associated with the Jerry Sandusky child sex abuse scandal stands at more than $27.6 million.
An updated figure as of November 2012 was provided this week on a university website. It includes a $13 million price tag for board of trustees communications and the internal investigation into the scandal by former FBI Director Louis Freeh.
Freeh's findings released last summer were the subject of renewed scrutiny earlier this week after Joe Paterno's family released an extensive response conducted by its own experts. The late coach's family said the report was flawed and said Freeh made unfounded accusations that Paterno acted to cover up allegations against Sandusky.
Sandusky, a former assistant football coach under Paterno, is serving a prison term for 45 counts of child sexual abuse involving 10 boys. He maintains his innocence.
Among other Penn State costs, nearly $7.5 million went to university legal services or defense, including the law firm representing the university to facilitate settlements with people who have told the school they suffered damages related to the Sandusky scandal.
About $4 million covered other legal defense fees including those for three school ex-administrators facing criminal charges related to the scandal.
University insurance policies should reimburse some of the fees and costs, but Penn State has said it won't dip into tuition dollars, state appropriations or donations.
The $27.6 million total doesn't include the first of five $12 million annual installments, paid by athletics in December, to begin covering the $60 million fine handed down by the NCAA as part of its landmark sanctions.


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