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Once a Cesarean, Always a Cesarean?
Cesarean section is the delivery of a fetus through the abdominal wall and uterus. In the 1970s, when the cesarean section rate tripled, the medical mantra was "once a cesarean, always a cesarean." These days, most women who have had at least one child delivered by C-section will have to decide whether to try to deliver a child that follows vaginally. This is a decision colored by a complex set of factors, including:
- A woman's own experience
- The reason for the original C-section
- Her subsequent recovery
- Her overall health
- Her personal preference
- Her doctor's experience
What makes the decision more complex is the fact that obstetrics professionals are struggling with the issue themselves.
Reducing the C-section Rate
A C-section is considered major surgery. Blood loss during a C-section is much greater than with vaginal delivery. The risk of serious complications like hemorrhaging and infection after delivery are also greater. It is not clear whether all cesareans are necessary. In fact, many organizations are advising doctors to work to lower the rate.
Looking at VBAC
Having a vaginal birth after a C-section (VBAC) is an area that researchers have been investigating. What are the benefits and risks? Some studies have concluded that there is not enough evidence to come up with a clear recommendation. Other studies, have found that VBAC is as safe as a planned C-section. Nevertheless, there are risks involved with VBAC.
Women who have a VBAC may have a higher risk of uterine rupture. Uterine rupture may put you and your baby at risk of harm including death, and may lead to an emergency hysterectomy. This complicates a mother's recovery and can put an end to her childbearing—a result that may be less likely after C-section.
Examining the Reason for C-sections
The reason a woman had a cesarean in the first place often influences her decision about a trial of labor for her next delivery. For example, women who have C-sections after long and difficult labors that did not progress may face similar difficulties with subsequent deliveries. Some of these women will choose to deliver a subsequent baby by C-section, especially if the pelvis is unfavorable for vaginal birth.
The reasons for scheduled cesareans can include:
- Fetal or maternal illness—This could make labor risky for mother and/or child.
- Fetal distress—This can be controversial because fetal monitors can be misread and because normal readings are subjective.
- Labor that fails to progress—This means labor does not progress normally.
- Placenta previa—The placenta blocks the cervix and is at risk of detaching before the baby is born.
- Baby in breech position—When the baby's head will not come out first, it is safest to deliver the baby via cesarean section.
- Multiple pregnancy.
- Cephalopelvic disproportion—This occurs when a baby's head is too large for the mother's pelvis. This is considered a controversial reason for C-section because the proportion is difficult to measure. Small pelvises do often accommodate large babies during labor.
- Infection in the mother.
- Previous C-section.
Getting the Experts' View
The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) feels that women who meet the following criteria are candidates to try VBAC:
- Have had 1-2 previous cesarean with a low-transverse uterine incision.
- The low-transverse incision allows muscle tissue to knit a scar that is much stronger than the older types of incisions. However, it generally takes more time to do, so doctors are not always able to use this method in emergency situations.
- You cannot tell from the outside what type of incision you had in the uterus. You need to ask your surgeon.
- Women with a vertical incision should discuss whether a VBAC is appropriate, since data is mixed.
- Do not have any other uterine scars or ruptures, whether from previous cesareans or other surgeries
ACOG also specifies that whenever a woman is planning VBAC, a surgical team should be on hand in case an emergency C-section is necessary. In some healthcare settings, the lack of such a team may rule out any trial of labor for a VBAC.
The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) largely agrees with ACOG, but does not agree on the necessity for an on-hand emergency surgical capability. Instead, they recommend that an explicit emergency management plan be developed for all women given a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). This plan should be documented in the medical record. Risks should be discussed at length with women so that they can make a clearly informed consent.
AAFP emphasizes that certain factors (aged under 40, prior vaginal delivery—especially successful VBAC, obstetrically "favorable" cervix, spontaneous labor, and indication for cesarean that is unlikely to recur) make VBAC more likely after a TOLAC. They also indicate factors making successful birth less likely: gestational aged over 40 weeks, birth weight over 4 kg, and need to induce or augment labor.
Making an Informed Decision
It is possible to have a vaginal delivery after having had a cesarean section. However, you should work with your healthcare provider to determine which option is best for you given your prior and current health history.
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
American Pregnancy Association
Canadian Women's Health Network
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 115: vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Aug;116(2 Pt 1):450-463. Reaffirmed 2015.
Armstrong C. ACOG updates recommendations on vaginal birth after previous Cesarean delivery. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(2):215-217.
Cesarean section. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated November 23, 2015. Accessed February 3, 2016.
Reasons for a Cesarean birth. American Pregnancy Association website. Available at: http://americanpregnancy.org/labor-and-birth/reasons-for-a-cesarean. Updated August 2015. Accessed February 3, 2016.
Rossi AC, D'Addario V. Maternal morbidity following a trial of labor after cesarean section vs elective repeat cesarean delivery: a systematic review with metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199(3):224-231.
Trial of vaginal birth after cesarean (TOLAC). EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed. Updated November 3, 2015. Accessed February 3, 2016.
Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery: Deciding on a trial of labor after cesarean delivery. American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists website. Available at: http://www.acog.org/~/media/For%20Patients/faq070.pdf. Accessed February 3, 2016.
VBAC: Vaginal birth after cesarean. American Pregnancy Association website. Available at: http://americanpregnancy.org/labor-and-birth/vbac. Updated August 2015. Accessed February 3, 2016.
Last reviewed February 2016 by Michael Woods, MD Last Updated: 2/3/2016


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Calendar: What's going on in area churches?
What: 16th church anniversary
When: 5 p.m. Jan. 27
Where: Word of Deliverance, 3324 Chesnee Highway, Gaffney, S.C.
Details: Guest messenger, Dr. John Guns of Jacksonville, Fla.; senior pastor, Tommy R. Twitty
Information: 864-461-7178 or email email@example.com
What: Bridges family 12th anniversary
When: 3 p.m. Feb. 24
Where: Concord Baptist Church , 915 Concord Church Road, Gaffney, S.C.
What: Precept Upon Precept Bible Study Class
When: 9-11 a.m. Wednesday mornings
Where: Mount Zion Baptist Church , 400 Mount Zion Church Road, Casar
Details: Ongoing study through March 6 is "Matthew Part 1: The King and the Kingdom of Heaven" from the Kay Arthur Precepts Bible Studies; from March 13–May 15, study is "Matthew Part 2: The Christ, The Son of the Living God"; contact Kasie Hope for questions or to start a course in your home, church or workplace.
Information: Kasie Hope at 704-538-8125 or email@example.com
What: Wednesday morning Bible study
When: 11 a.m.-12:15 p.m. Wednesdays
Where: Light Oak Baptist Church, 2311 Oak Grove Road, Shelby
Teacher: Minister Gary B. Gullatte Jr.
Details: Teaching the importance of Bible study, visitors welcome
Information: 704-484-2644
What: Bible study
When: 6-7:30 p.m. Wednesdays
Where: Brooks Chapel United Methodist, 110 Brooks Chapel Court, Polkville
What: Afterschool tutoring and youth programs, sponsored by Second Baptist, True Word of God Outreach Ministries, Zoar Baptist and Pleasant Ridge Baptist
Where: Second Baptist Church, North Lafayette Street, Shelby
Information: 704-487-1655 or 704-487-7227
What: Free community lunch
When: 1-2 p.m. Jan. 26
Where: City of Hope and Love, 702 Buffalo St., Shelby
Information: 704-297-4043
What: Chicken pie supper
When: 5 p.m. Feb. 2
Where: Hoyle Memorial United Methodist Church, 1741 Fallston Road, Shelby
Details: $9 for adults, $5 for children ages 5-12, free for children younger than 5; adult carry-out available; no children's carry-outs
Menu: Chicken pie, gravy, green beans, slaw, yams, rolls, dessert, coffee or tea
Information: 704-487-9522
What: Annual all-you-can-eat soup supper
When: 4:30–7:30 p.m. Feb. 23
Where: Oak Grove United Methodist Church, 418 Oak Grove Clover Hill Church Road, Lawndale
Details: Adults, $8; children 6-12, $5; 5 and younger, free; proceeds go toward the confirmation retreat in March
Information: 704-538-8358
What: New Year's Revival 2013 "One Revival in Two Cities"
When: 9 a.m. Jan. 27 at Faith Harvest Church; 12:30 p.m. Jan. 27 at Covenant Harvest Church, Greer, S.C.; Jan. 28-29 in Shelby; Jan. 30-Feb. 1 in Greer
Details: Hosted by Bishop L. Randy Borders and the Harvest Church Ministries International family of churches; speakers include Prophet Terrell Turner of Atlanta and Pastor Johnasen Pack of Arlington, Texas; entire community welcome
What: Winter revival
When: 11 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. Jan. 27; 7 nightly Jan. 28-30
Where: Faith Missionary Baptist Church, 882 Churchill Dr., Shelby
Details: Speakers include Minister Francis Webber, Sunday morning; the Rev. Lawrence Roseboro, Sunday night; the Rev. Billy Houze of First Baptist in Lawndale, Monday; the Rev. William Thompson of St. Peters in Grover, Tuesday; the Rev. Isaac of Shoal Creek, Wednesday
Information: 704-482-7532
What: Family revival
When: 6:30-7:30 p.m. Feb. 1-2; 11 a.m.-noon Feb. 3
Where: Lattimore Baptist Church, 303 Peachtree Road, Lattimore
Details: Hear and interact with the gospel message through puppets, games, drama, songs, drawings, props and more; age appropriate for kids and adults; children's evangelist Louis Smith
Information: 704-600-7215
What: New leadership announced
Where: Maranatha Baptist Church, 413 Polkville Road, Shelby
Details: Pastor John Stevens is the new interim pastor
Information: 704-477-0155 or www.mbcshelby.com
What: Radio program
When: 8:30-9 a.m. every Sunday morning
Details: WOHS 1390 AM with The Rev. J.D. Ponder
What: Divine service
When: 6:15 p.m. Thursdays
Where: Mount Zion Lutheran Mission, 232 S. Lafayette St., Shelby
What: Prayer time for anyone in need
Where: Hudson Memorial Baptist Church, 762 Warlick Road, Lawndale
When: 7-9 p.m. Mondays
Information: 704-538-9200
What: Senior Day
When: 10 a.m.-2 p.m., third Saturday of each month (Feb. 16)
Where: Brooks Chapel United Methodist, 110 Brooks Chapel Court, Polkville
Phone: 704-538-9506
What: Coffee break and group discussion
When: Noon-1 p.m., every other Tuesday
Where: Journey With God Ministries, 226 Lee St., Shelby
Information: Apostle Warren E. Boatwright, 704-482-3492
What: Intercessor prayer and Bible study with Evangelist Linda Hardin
When: Noon every Wednesday
Where: St. Matthews Church
What: Free ministerial licensing and ordination program
When: 7-10 p.m. every Friday
Where: Harvest School of the Bible, 106 Payne Road, Kings Mountain
Details: Affiliated with Light of Christ Ministry
Information: 704-730-8003
What: Computer class
When: 4-6 p.m. Tuesdays and Thursdays
Where: Christ Temple Church, 341 Hudson St., Shelby
Details: $60 per month
Information: Elder Mark McDowell, 828-205-573
What: Free English Classes, all levels
Where: First Baptist Church, 120 N. Lafayette St., Shelby
When: 6:30-8:30 p.m. Mondays
Information: 704-487-6094 or 704-482-6828
What: Gospel singing
When: 2 p.m. Jan. 27
Where: Harris Baptist Church
Details: Featuring the Bradley Brothers of Rutherfordton
Information: 828-248-9883
What: Free concert with three national Mountain Dulcimer Champions
When: 6:30 p.m. Jan. 27
Where: Hoyle Memorial United Methodist Church, 1741 Fallston Road, Shelby
Details: Musicians include Sarah Morgan, 2012 National Champion; Bradley Ellis, 2011 National Champion; and Joe Collins, 2007 National Champion
What: Mark Kroos concert
When: 7 p.m. Jan. 27
Where: First United Methodist Church, Gastonia
Details: Mark Kroos is an international guitar champion who plays a double-neck guitar and many types of music, including folk, rock, jazz, gospel and contemporary
What: JC & Company praise concert
When: 4–6 p.m. Feb. 26
Where: Jammin J's Pizza Factory, 1011 Grove St., Shelby
Details: No reservations required; free concert; pay only for pizza
Information: 704-600-6182
What: Worship service/building fund program
When: 3 p.m. Jan. 27
Where: Friendship Chapel Baptist Church, 1660 Friendship Road, Shelby
Details: Speaker is the Rev. Joann McGill of Bynums A.M.E. Zion Church in Kings Mountain; bring your choir to worship
Information: Nataja Boykins at 704-756-5953
What: Special service
When: 4 p.m. Jan. 27
Where: Abundant Life Faith Ministry, Washington St., Shelby
Details: Elder Deborah Ager Allen will minister, weather permitting; public invited
Information: 704-685-6613
What: Prayer conference
When: 10 a.m. Jan. 26
Where: City of Hope and Love, 702 Buffalo St., Shelby
Details: Speakers include Minister Chasity Hill; Minister Lisa McCleave of Charlotte; Prophetess Diahann Hogue of Gaffney, S.C.; and Bishop Charles Hogue of Shelby
Information: 704-297-4043
What: Open house for beginner's piano class
When: 6 p.m. Feb. 7
Where: Faith Missionary Baptist Church, 822 Churchill Drive, Shelby
Details: For parents and students; meet the staff and learn about activities and materials for children
Information: 704-300-4201
What: Fifth annual Valentine Red and White Ball Extravaganza
When: 7 p.m.–12:30 a.m. Feb. 16
Where: Bynum Chapel Family Life Center, Kings Mountain
Details: Semi-formal attire, door prizes, dinner, fashion show, dancing and fellowship; sponsored by the Evangelism Board
Tickets: $10 in advance; $12 at the door; for tickets contact Andrew "Bubba" Brown at 704-772-5129, church office at 704-739-2606, or the Family Life Center at 704-730-0027
SEND US YOUR NEWS: Send announcements to Church News, The Star, P.O. Box 48, Shelby, NC 28151, fax to 704-484-0805 or email to firstname.lastname@example.com. Church news must be received by Wednesday at noon to be published the following Friday on a space available basis. Please type or print announcements on an 8½-by-11-inch sheet of paper. Please include church address and contact telephone number.

subset: commoncrawl


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CAN Europe has over 140 member organisations in 35 European countries - representing over 1,700 NGOs and more than 40 million citizens. The wider and better informed group we are, the stronger our voice!
CAN Europe Membership is open to non-governmental/community based non-profit organisations, situated in Europe, which have an interest in the promotion of sustainable development and are active in, or have a focus on, climate change issues. Find out more about how to join us.
If you are already a member and would like to get acces to our Members Only sections, go to CAN Europe Members Only Section
The table below lists all our members, if you would like to see the member organisations in a particular European country, please click on "Edit Search criteria", select the country/ies of your choice and click, search.
CAN Europe member directory


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A local television station assigns a squirrel puppet to go where cameras can't. Court is in session on the RidicuList.
Post by: Anderson Cooper
Filed under: The RidicuList
Oh my word, using puppets to re-enact the court room drama, at least it was light-hearted than humans re-enacting courtroom sessions (such as the Michael Jackson trial)...
Oxymoron. 'Nough said?
What is the price comparison of a sketch artist and the puppet show? What do the Ohio taxpayers have to say about this?
Thank you Anderson, that was my chuckle for the day, and I viewed it at the right time !!!:) I sometimes wonder who is in charge ? Puppets or people ? Lololol 🙂
Kangaroo courts are now old school .
Anderson Cooper goes beyond the headlines to tell stories from many points of view, so you can make up your own mind about the news. Tune in weeknights at 8 and 10 ET on CNN.
Questions or comments? Send an email
Want to know more? Go behind the scenes with AC361°


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Two children's books have made the shortlist for the 2009 Delete Key Awards, which recognize authors who don't use their delete keys enough. Should either win a prize on Monday?
Laura Bush and Jenna Bush are finalists for these lines from Read All About It!, a picture book in which exclamation points run amok:
"I say, 'The library is a boring place! All I will meet there are stinky pages.'"
"Miss Toadskin thinks she can gross us out with her science experiments. But I live for that stuff!"
Kathi Appelt is a finalist for this redundancy from The Underneath, a runner-up for the most recent Newbery Medal and National Book Award for young people's literature:
"The pain she felt was palpable."
© 2009 Janice Harayda. All rights reserved.


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Customer Support: 08006524112
Prevents screen scratching and other damage
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Easy to apply
MFX screen protectors are easy to apply, as they are custom cut for each device. Simply clean the screen with the included microfibre cloth, line up the screen protector with your phone and use the application card to smooth out any bubbles. Once on, the screen protector is practically invisible.
Crystal clarity provides invisible protection
While it's important to protect your screen, it's also vital that the screen protector does not hinder your smartphone use by clouding the screen or decreasing the sensitivity of the touchscreen. MFX screen protectors are specially made to provide optimal clarity, while also being thin enough to keep your touchscreen in perfect working order. Once on, you wont even notice the MFX screen protector is there.
Comes with 5 screen protectors for 5 times the protection
MFX screen protectors now come in packs of 5, so you've got 5 times the protection for your phone. You'll never have to buy another screen protector for the life of your phone with the MFX 5-in-1 screen protector pack.


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I recently discovered a series entitled "31 Weeks to a Better Genealogy Blog," at the Tonia's Rootsblog. This series is based on the Darren Rowse (ProBlogger) e-book 31 Days to Build a Better Blog. Unfortunately, I am coming into this about a month late, so I am playing "catchup." Once caught up, however, I plan to keep up with the series.
The second task required in this series is to write a "list post." A list post is exactly what it sounds like: a post that is a list of something. Anything.
I am relieved to see that I must be doing something right with this blog! I have already written a number of "list posts" in the past few months:
- "'Making money with genealogy' – recent blog posts"
- "What blogs does a professional genealogist read?"
- "What I have been doing while the rest of the world is at NGS 2011"
- "The top 5 books on my bookshelf"
- "So, are you ready for certification?"
- "Five things you have to know about every record"
There are also quite a few small lists held within other posts.
And, by writing this post, I have created another one. This fits the definition of the third type of list post, as noted in Tonia's post on the subject:
Lists within posts – in this post-type, the list (or lists) is a way of breaking up the text. There may be some narrative in paragraph format, then a list, then another paragraph, etc.
The catchup will continue in the next post…


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Incorporating Home Performance into HVAC
On one hand, it would seem that for the HVAC contractor, incorporating home performance into his offering would be a natural progression. On the other hand, there are many obstacles to doing so, not least of which is skepticism on the part of many HVAC and home performance contractors. Yet in the long run, there is good reason to believe that for the HVAC contractor, incorporating home performance into his offering is inevitable.
One HVAC contractor who has done so successfully is Jeff Gill, president of Indoor Airman Home Performance in Grants Pass, Oregon. When Gill became an HVAC contractor about four years ago, he immediately saw that he needed to include home performance. But that came from his 20 previous years of being an exterminator. "We'd go into a home and find the ductwork all chewed up by rats," he says.
That puts Gill in a good position to answer one of the common questions raised by skeptical HVAC contractors: Why would an HVAC contractor want to go back into the customer's home and test the leakiness of the ducts he'd installed? Won't that make the HVAC contractor look bad?"
Gill's answer is that if the HVAC contractor doesn't provide this maintenance and the ducts leak, he already looks bad. "Many of these contractors just don't care," Gill says. "They never check the duct lines."
This leads to another common complaint that Gill often gets asked. Why should an HVAC contractor take on insulation and air sealing if he's making enough money now simply swapping mechanical boxes?
"Just swapping boxes is doing the customer a disservice," says Gill. "It's not a question of simple mechanics. If you put in an expensive heater and the house isn't properly sealed, all you're doing is heating up the outdoors."
Gill's approach, on the other hand, "is to look at the house holistically, not just installing a new heating system or the duct-work, but considering everything from the attic to the understructure." Much of it, Gill says, is common sense, including window and door sealing, weather-stripping, installing insulation, cleaning the coil and blower wheel, and so on.
Although the areas of the home that should be checked seem clear, when asked if actually implementing a totally energy efficient home envelope might be a bit complicated, Gill-replies, "Oh, yes, it is complicated! You need special training to really learn how to do home performance." Gill received training and earned his Building Analyst certification from the Building Performance Institute, Inc. (BPI).
Is It Worth It to Learn This New Discipline?
"Once you get it down, it really works for you," Gill says. "When we show the owner how simple sealing and maintenance measures create a safer and healthier home—such as by cleaning a moldy understructure and increasing IAQ—and how they can reduce energy bills by 20–30%, we don't even have to sell a piece of HVAC equipment. We look at homeowners as lifelong customers. If you're honest with them, and show them what they need, one step at a time, it's amazing how much they appreciate you. When it comes down to buying a piece of equipment, they'll come right to you, for they trust you that you'll sell them what they need and not oversell just to pocket more of their money. This really brings HVAC up to a new level."
Gill reports that in the four years since he left the exterminator business, which he and his son ran by themselves, he's grown to 20 employees. He also says that if an HVAC contractor feels he can't afford the training and time it takes to become a qualified home performance contractor, he should subcontract this work. For Gill, however, the cost and effort have been well worth it. "We now have a statewide plan we're going to take national," he says.
The Bellingham, Washington-based Comfort Institute, which works in cooperation with BPI, is aimed at moving HVAC contractors into home performance. The institute's founder and CEO, Brendan Reid, started (and for many years ran) Retrotec, a blower door manufacturer. But he felt the need to help push the industry toward home performance, so in 1997, he founded the institute. Ken Summers, who also worked at Retrotec, felt the same need, so he joined Reid in the new venture as vice president.
Summers says that, working with BPI, the institute offers business training and leadership programs, as well as sales and marketing skills designed to help HVAC contractors make the transition.
"Our biggest challenge as the industry changes is that too many people don't like change," Summers says. "The issue here is that too many HVAC contractors say, 'I'm fine, I've got my business, I'm satisfied, I don't need to change. It takes a lot of work to change this attitude.'"
On the plus side, Summers says there is now a more concerted push from both EPA and from various state programs. He adds that the institute provides training for Carrier dealers on home performance business implementation, building science, and sales leads.
Carrier Corporation Leading the Merge
Carrier Corporation, based in Indianapolis, Indiana, is championing the incorporation of home performance into HVAC. This is significant, since Carrier is the world's leader in high-tech heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration solutions. Carrier announced its new Energy Experts program on March 27, 2012. It is the first major manufacturer to offer such a program, but others are expected to follow its lead.
Carrier Energy Experts will conduct home performance audits that analyze such factors as the heating-and-cooling system, airflow, and the home envelope, and provide solutions to improve the overall efficiency of the home.
"According to DOE's Buildings Energy Data Book, heating and cooling accounts for about 54% of a typical home's energy usage," says Carrier Brand Manager Matt Nuijens. "Our dealers are already HVAC experts, so the Energy Experts program is a natural next step."
Nuijens explains that the Energy Experts audit consists of a six-step assessment of HVAC, air filtration and distribution, and the home envelope. The six steps are inspection, testing, analysis, recommendations, resolution, and results. Auditors use thermal-imaging cameras, blower door testing equipment, static-pressure gauges, and other state-of-the-art technology. Following the audit, homeowners are told how they can improve home performance by making adjustments to their home energy systems. These adjustments include repairing, upgrading, or replacing their heating-and-cooling and air filtration and distribution systems, as well as tightening the home envelope.
"The fact that Carrier, the world's largest HVAC manufacturer, is the first out of the gate is very exciting, and I'm sure this example will translate to other manufacturers within the next 12 months. After all, Carrier is motivated not by altruism but by profitability," says Mike Rogers, vice president of ABM Energy, in Burlington, Vermont.
ABM is also a giant, a Fortune 500 facility management company with a wide range of industrial, commercial, and residential clients, through its GreenHomes America division. Rogers says GreenHomes America is similar in outlook to Carrier in that it's not a small, idealistic, grassroots nonprofit group out to save the environment, but a very pragmatic business out to deliver customer satisfaction and grow a profitable operation.
"The business case for home performance boils down to increasing revenues, margins, and the bottom line," says Rogers. "How you do it is straightforward. The details can get complicated, but the premise is very simple: You make the whole house more comfortable and energy efficient."
Though Rogers acknowledges that much more remains to be done, he maintains that for about the past six years the whole-house approach has grown from theory to reality. Rogers is in a good position to know, for over a decade ago he worked at and with various federal agencies, including EPA and DOE. In fact, Rogers was one of the originators of the Home Performance with Energy Star program. "In those early years we had the joke that there were five guys around the country actually implementing home performance," Rogers recalls. "Now I think there are about 26 states that are really moving forward. I jumped over to the private sector because, frankly, I am more excited by the opportunity to really drive the work. At the end of every day, you know you've made a difference for people—and our customers tell us that." Rogers says that home performance is at the nexus of energy-efficiency advocates, environmentalists, policy makers, manufacturers, and contractors. "This makes sense on so many levels. The market is beginning to recognize the potential and invest accordingly. And for the circles in government that make policy decisions, it's much easier to create a viable program if you have a growing infrastructure to deliver it to."
Why HVAC Contractors Are Reluctant
Having witnessed the evolution of home energy from the start, Rogers has some insight as to why so many HVAC contractors have been reluctant to jump on the home performance bandwagon, especially when it would seem to make so much business sense.
"Back 10 or 12 years ago, we had to struggle just to get the attention of any residential contractor, period," says Rogers. "There's a tremendous amount of inertia. For the most part, residential contractors tend to be family-owned businesses. So whatever they do goes right back to them and their families. They are very risk averse and can't afford to just jump into every new idea that comes along. Some of the leaders in this new concept either had a little more luxury or were, in fact, risk takers."
"Home performance is not magic," Rogers adds. "You do have to have your business fundamentals in place to move into this new area or you won't succeed."
But there is another critical reason why HVAC contractors have held back—one that does not necessarily mean that they are negatively closed minded. "There has been a history of various state agencies and utilities offering incentives to improve home performance, which have turned out to be too risky and uncertain," Rogers says. "These programs have had the tendency to come and go. A contractor would stake his well-being on these programs, and then the provider would come along and pull the rug out. The contractor would, in good faith, go to the time and expense of getting his folks trained and certified under program A, and then have the provider say, 'Well, we've changed our mind. We're no longer doing program A, but here's our new program B. This is what you have to do to qualify for program B.' That's not a real compelling argument to make to a contractor who's just seen that his entire investment has been thrown away, while he's been burdened by a tremendous amount of paperwork."
Rogers is quick to point out that programs can be great if they're executed properly. "But no contractor in his right mind should jump into home performance simply because of a program. Nor should he shy away from it because it is offered in a program. In fact, I've had several leading HVAC contractors in this area tell me that if the programs they are participating in went away tomorrow, they would still be doing home performance." Rogers also asks, "If you've gone over all the hurdles, why not leverage your business? If you find out that meeting your customers' needs for comfort, IAQ, or energy performance doesn't require a furnace, why not have the additional tools at hand to deliver what will make your customer happy? If your only tool is a hammer, every problem looks like a nail."
Rogers also adds that "once you've cleared the hurdles of licensing, training, and technical challenges, moving in the whole-home direction makes tons of sense, because you have the most important sales ingredient already in your favor. We have some 120 million single and multifamily homes in this country. And all of the utilities, state, and federal agencies have failed to be invited into a single one. But HVAC contractors are invited into an estimated 60,000 to 100,000 homes every single day. The contractor is already there, so he or she can inspect the home and educate the homeowner on much more comprehensive ways to improve the efficiency of their home. He or she can guarantee results, then take control of the entire project to make the house better, as well as increase revenues and profitability margins.
"It's very interesting that over the past few years, with the sagging economy, conventional HVAC contractors have really struggled. Yet while they are sucking wind, just struggling to stay alive, the contractors who have really embraced home performance are growing. The typical mainstream contractor is scratching his head asking why his competitor has 20 trucks on the road while his are sitting in the parking lot. Now that the leaders in the industry are moving in the right direction, I don't think it will be that long before the mass of contractors follow," Rogers says.
Real-World Experiences
GreenHomes America, based in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, is a part of ABM that's dedicated exclusively to helping HVAC contractors make the transition to home performance, says area manager Rayji Powers. "We have a network of contractors across the United States with revenues ranging from an annual $2 million to $20 million. We provide not just the home performance aspect as an add-on, but rather a full business system, and help them build it as a performance culture. We help them expand their business, and provide everything from installation through the administration process to the generation of energy savings, with all of the qualitative and technical modeling, plus full ongoing support."
Powers also says that GreenHomes works closely with, and serves on the board of, BPI, and has a similar cooperative relationship with ACCA.
Ken Justo, co-owner and CEO of ASI Hastings Heating, Air Conditioning & Solar in San Diego, California, has high praise for GreenHomes. "When you become BPI certified, that lays the foundation, but it's just the ticket to the game. It doesn't really prepare you to do practical work in the field. Here's where GreenHomes America comes in. The company has been doing it for over 20 years, and has done over 15,000 homes. So its training is based on real-life experiences. We have over 2,000 hours of GreenHomes training."
Justo says it took a while; some starts and stops occurred on a steep learning curve, before his company got the proper training and traction took hold. He notes that a lot of contractors have to go through a similar process.
"We've been doing this for about 18 months, but for the first 6 months we had no quality control plan," Justo says. "We had to make nine visits to one home to get the project approved. This is not good for California, where there are a lot of dual family breadwinners, making it necessary for one of them to be at home those nine times. We knew we had to streamline the process, to make it user-friendly." But this ongoing process of quality improvement can be difficult and expensive. "Since we are in a private industry, we don't have someone else doing research and development for us. So we have to do it ourselves to iron out the wrinkles, and this is costly."
Justo also sees problems with the energy savings incentives offered by utility companies and others. "In California, 12¢ is taken out of every home's energy bill for those incentives," he explains. "The person billed doesn't even know what this is for, but it adds up to a considerable sum, which the utilities then offer to homeowners to become more energy efficient. The problem is that many of the implementers and inspection agents who receive the bid to work on behalf of the utilities and get to the homeowners are not very well trained. This makes it awkward for the homeowner and difficult for the contractor. And this was a key reason why we had to go back to that one home nine times. They say, here are the guidelines for incentives and customer performance, so then we do our job reporting, and they say it's right. But they've changed the rules in midstream, and say, do it over. It's very costly."
The good news, however, is that both federal and state government agencies are improving. "They are learning, and are at least reaching out and interacting with the contractor, listening to what he has to say. Both the federal and state governments are very sincere in fashioning programs that work. The attitude is great in this state. The goal is to reduce greenhouse emission levels to what they were in 1990 by 2020," Justo says.
"But the best part," he says, is people's reactions when we deliver on our three main goals of air quality, comfort, and energy savings. Especially when they see the health results, they are ecstatic. The American Lung Association says the worst air pollution problems often occur in people's own homes. So when homeowners tell you they or their children no longer have asthma or are off medications, you know that you are really changing lives."
Brad Bartholomew, president of Bartholomew Heating & Cooling, Kalamazoo, Michigan, reports that his family-owned business was started in 1955, with the transition from HVAC into home performance starting in about 2003. "It's been a constant evolution, one that's continuing to evolve," he says. "With an existing company, it's like a ship, difficult to change course. The bigger the company, the more difficult."
Bartholomew says that for his midsized 15-employee company, "there were a lot of cultural issues. We had to have a buy-in all across the company, from the person who answers the phone to the field technicians to the sales staff. We had to both encourage the change in attitude and enforce it. But once people really understood the concept, it made ultimate good sense, and the changes are now implemented."
One issue that comes to the fore, Bartholomew continues, "is that a new piece of HVAC equipment can mean more profit than an energy savings measure, which might come down to common sense. This was not a big issue with us. In some companies there is the pressure to make the sale, but even before, we'd try to sell the customer only what he needs. If he might have needed a new furnace in two or three years, we would have told him that, and not tried to push for the sale right away. We had a much more limited toolbox then. But it is true that putting in HVAC equipment or new windows is down on the list of things that need to be done."
Nevertheless, the incorporation of energy savings into the business has helped the bottom line. "Home performance has really eliminated the peaks and valleys. Up here it's cold in the winter and hot in the summer, with moderate spring and fall. We've ended seasonal slowdowns, and haven't laid off anybody in nine or ten years. Once you get known as a problem solver, you find it's a huge business builder."
Moreover, between the old and new there's been no real change in philosophy. "We've always believed that getting a customer is more important than making a sale, that if you do the right thing it somehow works out," Bartholomew says. "As my grandfather used to say, 'It's never wrong to do the right thing.'"
The Future and the Need for Education
Jerry Unruh, president of ABC Cooling & Heating in Fresno, California, says, "We've been HVAC contractors for 50 years. This is what we do. A few years ago I started reading in the trade magazines about fixing the envelope of the home, and the company has grown from there. First the boxes, then the ductwork, then home energy. There's still a lot of education that needs to be done with contractors. The more I travel and the more I speak, the more I hear contractors say, 'Wow, this really makes sense. But we'll wait until tomorrow.' But things have changed. Tomorrow is today, and we all have to go green." (For a complete list of upsides and downsides to transitioning into home performance, see Table 1.)
Unruh reaffirms the similar points made by those quoted above, but he adds a couple of telling details. The first is that "there are 33,000 BPI-certified people, but only 10% of them are doing any work in this area. So the industry still has a lot of maturing to do."
The second fact that Unruh mentions is that someone simply going into homes to do free audits doesn't necessarily translate into home improvements. "We found in one city, the residents were provided with 3,000 free audits, and not one took advantage of any of the incentives or made any energy improvements." In other words, homeowners don't have a tendency to do it themselves. And this is the opportunity for the contractor.
Contractors can finance a package that bundles the whole thing together, and then they become the one person the homeowner can hold responsible. "What we do when we audit takes about three hours to do in a full assessment. We then are able to provide a priority list, telling the homeowner just what he needs to do to save so much, and let him proceed in terms of his own inclinations and budget. Once he's sold on the concept of the holistic home, he's likely to want to make his home one," Unruh says.
learn more
To review DOE's Buildings Energy Data Book, visit www.buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov.
To learn more about Carrier's Energy Experts program, go to http://myhomeenergyexperts.com.
To leave the final word to ABM's Mike Rogers: "In looking at regional electrical generation capacities, the needs, over the next five years, will be huge. There are not enough facilities, so more will have to be built, and no one wants them in their backyard. To tap into the real potential to meet this need, experts agree efficiency has to be a serious part of the mix. But we have to look beyond changing lightbulbs to probing much deeper to improve every home. We're about to enter the perfect storm, and have no good option but to accelerate the growth of home performance."
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College Funding Options: Dream Big
You want the best for your kids. You have hopes and dreams of what they might be able to achieve, and you would do anything to help them get there.
You'll start with teaching them manners and how to cross the street safely, of course, but it's also never too soon to start setting money aside for a college education. It seems to get more expensive each year, so investing now, even in small amounts, can make a big difference.
Bennett & Porter offers a variety of education funding options:


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Fertilizer Granulator Machine,granulator machine for …
our fertlizer granulator has wide applicaton,not only organic fertilizer granulator,but also NPK compund fertilizer machine with rotary drum granulator, dry granulation equipment with double roller press granulator,wet granulation equipment with pan granulator, disc granulator, flat die granulator,new type organic fertilizer mixing granulator,etc.
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On the downside, many organic fertilizers act slowly, so your plants won't be able to use the nutrients until the decomposing process is completed. (Because of this, the best time to add organic fertilizer to your soil is before you plant in it.) However, there are fast-acting organic fertilizers, too.
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determine the cost of your fertilizer decisions using some simple (I promise!) calculations from research at Cornell University. Back to the basics . The cost of your fertility decisions is affected by several factors: product costs, the formulation (percent of nitrogen in the product), the rate at which it's applied (ppm nitrogen),
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Organic Fertilizer Production Business Plan – Publicity and Advertising Strategy. In as much as our organic fertilizer production company is a standard one with well processed and well packaged organic fertilizer that can favorably compete with other leading brands, we will still go ahead to intensify publicity for all our products and brand.
Pros and Cons of Organic vs. Chemical Fertilizers | Today's …
One needs several pounds of organic fertilizer to provide the same soil nutrient levels that a single pound of chemical fertilizer provides, and the higher cost of organic fertilizer is one of the biggest reasons that organic produce is more expensive than non-organic. (The other big reason being lower organic yields, on average.)
Organic Fertilizer Thailand Best Quality Manufacturer and …
That the reason why Thailand uses a lot of chemicals fertilizer and organic fertilizer. For organic fertilizer, Thailand has many manufacturers that produce organic fertilizer in the country. However, Thailand organic fertilizer market is very fierce competition. Many manufacturers have to keep their selling price while reduce their cost.
How Much Does Organic Certification Cost?
Each organic certifying agent sets its own certifying rates, and those rates will vary based on the size of your operation and on how many different parts of it will need to be certified. For example, a larger, multi-crop organic farm with an organic dairy will cost more to certify than a small organic vegetable farm.
Fertilizer granulator machine is used to process powder materials into different shape granules. In general, fertilizer can be divided into compound(inorganic) fertilizers and organic fertilizers, so fertilizer granulator should be two kinds, NPK fertilizer granulator machine and organic fertilizer granulator machine.
For bio-organic fertilizer granulator, the granulator machine can be disc granulator, new type fertilizer granulator, fertilizer mixing granulator and flat die fertilizer granulator; also for NPK compound fertilizer, the fertilizer granulator machine can be double roller fertilizer granulator, rotary drum granulator and disc type fertilizer granulator. As our experience, disc fertilizer granulator and rotary drum granulator can process both organic and inorganic fertilizer. All these fertilizer granulators from Gate Heavy Industry will be in good working efficiency, they fertilizer granulators will properly granulate the raw materials into required granule size and the granulation rate will be higher than 90% in the fertilizer granulator.
In your fertilizer making, raw materials will be first factor to determine which kind of fertilizer granulator and plant line you will start. For example, if you have materials such as animal manure, agricultural wastes and sludge, then you should consider to process organic fertilizers, choose organic fertilizer granulators; of course, if you want to process inorganic fertilizers, then you should have the materials such as Urea, DAP, SAP, MOP, some rock or limestone, then you need to use inorganic fertilizer granulators. When you have determined the fertilizer you want to make, then the next step is to choose the suitable granulator.
You know, everything should start in full preparation, also for fertilizer granulator granulating. The raw materials can not be into fertilizer granulator granulating directly, or it will bring harm to the fertilizer granulator machine and the final granules will be nutrients less.
As for organic fertilizers processing, there are several steps before granulator machine working and some equipment should be added before the fertilizer granulator machine.
Composting is one important part in organic fertilizer making. Refer to different situation in customer's factory and raw materials, we Gate Heavy Industry has brought technology of series of compost turner machine for organic fertilizer processing using before fertilizer granulator.
Suggested on our experience, if customer want to work on animal manure with fertilizer granulator, they have large space but don't want to make the foundation construction, organic fertilizer Crawler type compost turner is suitable for them; some customer want to have a stable working by electric driven to work on the fertilizer granulator, we suggest them to use Groove type comost turner for large scale organic fertilizer processing; if they have limited space and the capacity is not so high, chicken manure fertilizer Fermentation tank is good for their choosing before fertilizer granulator working.
As the best manufacturer for compost turner machine in Henan, we can provide the most suitable compost machines for small scale and large scale fertilizer factory using with fertilizer granulator.
In our normal working, some customers have found that their raw materials are in high moisture content, this is not ok for fertilizer granulator working. Here one solid liquid separator should be added; sometimes, customers say their raw material are not easy to broken and then after composting, the materials will be in massive, this will also harm to the fertilizer granulator, we will equip high moisture fertilizer crusher and fertilizer chain crusher to help their good working.
Some customers also want to add NPK elements or micro elements before fertilizer granulator working, then one mixer machine is needed. For small capacity fertilizer granulator working, we usually suggest customer to use horizontal type mixer machine and flat pan mixer machine; for large capacity, one double shaft mixer machine is enough for the working before the fertilizer granulator working.
Compound Fertilizer processing is different from organic fertilizer making. Before fertilizer granulator granulating, the first thing is to purchase all your required raw materials. Then find one lab to confirm the formula, maybe one is in 60%, one is in 20%, one is 15%…Then we usually suggest customer to equip one batch scale machine before fertilizer granulator, one material one batch and this machine will scale and load materials under formula guide. After batching, one mixer machine is essential for materials blending before fertilizer granulator working.
In other way, some customers just want to blend different materials together, we have bulk blending fertilizer plant line with factory supply.
Granulation methods are always mentioned in compound fertilizer granulator processing. The important difference is the difference of the fertilizer granulator choosing.
For dry granulation, or no drying granulation, the raw material should be in moisture of 5%-10%, especially under 5%, after granulator granulating the final products will be better. As famous factory in fertilizer granulator machine manufacturing, we have suitable granulator machines to work in dry granulation method. The most suitable machine is double roller fertilizer granulator. One time granulating and the granulation rate will be higher than 93% in this fertilizer granulator machine. These good performances make Dry Type granulator Machine for fertilizer popular in developed countries. Final granule size will be 3-5mm in fertilizer granulator. One important thing is that fertilizer roller compactor granulator can not work in organic fertilizer granulating, the raw materials for organic fertilizer granulator making are too wet.
For wet granulation, the meaning is obvious, raw materials are wet or we should add water during fertilizer granulator granulating. During all the granulators, just double roller granulator is dry type, for other granulators, they are wet type granulators. Wet granulation can be talked in both organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer making. The common fertilizer granulator machines are disc type fertilizer granulator, rotary drum granulator machine and organic fertilizer mixing granulator. Final moisture content from these granulators will be 30%-35%. We always suggest customers to equip one dryer after wet granulation's granulator working.
Gate Heavy Industry Technology Company Limited has a long time experience in fertilizer granulator machine manufacturing and fertilizer plant line design. Located in Zhengzhou, which is the center of China, Gate machines have spread fertilizer granulators to near areas in China and out of China. And we have attracted lots of customer to invest on our fertilizer granulator machines and plant lines all over the world. Our purpose is to become the largest supplier of fertilizer granylator machines in China and want to build long terms cooperation with friends from different areas for fertilizer granulators. To accord with these aims, we have brought series of good quality fertilizer granulators for our customers:
Compound Fertilizer Double Roller Granulator by Gate Heavy Industry is the key granulator equipment for compound fertilizer granulation. This granulator's press technology is widely used for compact dry type powder materials into granules. Double Roller Fertilizer Granulator uses squeezing principle to form fertilizer particles with diameters of 3.5-10mm in one time. Capacity from this granulator will be 0.8-3.5 tons per hour.
Factory Supply Bio Organic Fertilizer Granulator Machine is also called wet fertilizer granulator or stirring tooth granulator. It can granulate a variety of organic matter, especially be able to granulate the coarse fiber material which is difficult to be granulated by normal granulators. The capacity in new type fertilizer granulator will be 1-10 tons per hour.
Rotary Drum Granulator fertilizer is a critical granulator machine in large capacity fertilizer production line. It is usually used to process urea and some other compound fertilizers in the granulator machine. The formed fertilizer particles from rotary drum granulator are of 3-4mm in ball shape with no edge.
Disc Granulator Machine for Fertilizer is widely used for producing round organic and compound fertilizer granules. With granulator pan's rotating, granules will be out from small size to large size in the granulator. Disc pan fertilizer granulator is common using granulator machine in fertilizer factory and has a history of good working experience in fertilizer granulator using.
Chicken Manure Fertilizer Flat Die Granulator is mainly used for granule processing in the (biological) organic fertilizer. This granulator can produce cylindrical granules directly without drying or crushing process which saves a lot of energy. Forming the granules at one time in flat die fertilizer granulator, no returning particles, high granulation ratios.
In fertilizer market, there are two common shape fertilizer, powders and granules. The advantages of granule fertilizers are easy transportation, long time store, best surface and little wastes. Granule fertilizers from our fertilizer granulator are popular in modern fertilizer market.
After fertilizer granulator granulating, most of the granules are still not strength. In order to reach the best quality, will need some other related equipment to help work after fertilizer granulator.
Generally speaking, most granules from fertilizer granulator will be in high moisture(35-40%). High moisture granule will be easy broken. In this case, we Gate Dryer for fertilizer using will better reduce the moisture from fertilizer granulator granules. It has good heating efficiency and will reduce the moisture to meet the market requirements. Hear resource for the dryer can be coal, wood, gas and electric.
After drying, granules may be in high temperature, in order to ensure the granule not broken, it is necessary to equip one cooler machine after fertilizer granulator. It is similar to dryer machine, but no hot air input, just one fan to bring cold air into the drum. The machine can not only cooling, but also make the granules more round.
After fertilizer granulator granulating, drying and cooling, there are always three size products output, one is large size (larger than 5mm), one is suitable size(3-5mm), one is powders. In this situation, we want to separate them together to just collect the suitable size granule from the granulator. Now one rotary screening machine for fertilizer will be suitable in this step.
Do you want the good fertilizer surface from fertilizer granulator? Do you want to add some color from fertilizer granulator? Do you want to add some resin to make the granules more smooth from fertilizer granulator? OK, add one coating machine after fertilizer granulator and it will satisfy with your requirements.
Granule from fertilizer granulator in no-cover will be easy in moisture absorption. If want to sell and long distance transportation, it is better to pack them in bags. Gate Heavy Industry has its own technology to manufacture singe bucket fertilizer packing machine and double bucket fertilizer packing machine. They can pack granules into bags in 5-50kg. PLC control will make all the process easily. Beside the machine, it has one seal equipment to help seal the bags.
Fertilizers industry is becoming more and more popular in nowadays. Customers from all over the world would want to start this fertilizer granulator business. But how to start ? What should be done ? How to bring benefits ? For these questions from customers, Henan Gate Heavy Industry will provide detailed proposals to help start this business for fertilizer granulator in effective way.
1.Have a research in local market and find which fertilizer is popular in your place ? If possible, to check the world trend for fertilizer if you want to export.
2.If you have fully learned about the market, to confirm the factory size on your budget or some other factors.
3.Confirm the raw materials and find one place which is near to the raw materials place
4.Purchase the line and install it in suitable fertilizer granulators. Henan Gate Heavy Industry will provide you the most complete and advance fertilizer granulators and plants to meet your requirements. If required, we can send engineers to your places to help your fertilizer granulator installation and guide the workers to operate the fertilizer granulator
5.Find some buyer for your product
In nowadays, there are three kinds of fertilizer granules in fertilizer market. They are organic fertilizers, compound fertilizers and BB fertilizers. To accord to the requirements in market, Henan Gate Heavy Industry has designed six plant lines to help customers to choose the fertilizer granulator.
Organic fertilizer is popular in the world now. It is one technology to turn wastes into useful things. It is recycle and well received by customer from all over the world. If you have raw materials, we Henan Gate Heavy Industry will send you suitable fertilizer granulator and one complete project to help you.
We have designed Chicken Manure fertilizer plant line to deal with materials such as bird manure and chicken manure. This design depend on flat die fertilizer granulator and is well received in some areas for special cylinder shape granule. If you have resource for Chicken manure, consider to start one with flat die fertilizer granulator.
Organic fertilizer production line or organic fertilizer production plant is mainly used for produce organic fertilizer granules. Raw Material of organic fertilizer manufacturing plant is all organic wastes, like animal manure, agriculture wastes, municipal waste, food waste, sewage sludge, industrial organic waste, etc. The main fertilizer granulator is disc granulator.
Bio organic fertilizer production plant or bio organic fertilizer manufacturing plant is mainly used for produce organic fertilizer granules. The raw materials of bio organic fertilizer production equipment are all kinds of organic wastes, we provide bio organic fertilizer production process with organic fertilizer granulator. We have adopted organic fertilizer mixing granulator in this line.
Compound fertilizers will better increase the crop growing and add more elements to the soil. It has one large part in fertilizer market. Until now, there still many customers are working in this industry for fertilizer granulator and the capacities are always larger.
This rotary drum fertilizer granulator line is usually used for process compound materials such as urea, Dap, some rocks and other raw materials. With rotary drum granulator in the line, this line has adopt wet type granulation and the granulator capacity will larger.
The main granulator in this line is double roller fertilizer granulator. With dry type granulation technology, there is no dryer and cooler in the design. Simple design for the fertilizer granulator will bring more benefits.
BB fertilizer bulk blending NPK fertilizer production line is a kind of blended compound NPK fertilizer mixed by several single fertilizers or compound fertilizers according to certain proportion. Bulk Blending Fertilizer Plant has characters of granule uniformity, less water, granule intensity moderate, no agglomeration store, easy to use and low cost.
HENAN GATE HEAVY INDUSTRY MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD is a leading and professional manufacturer of fertilizer granulator machine and whole fertilizer production line in China. We are expertise in manufacturing professional equipment for fertilizer production. We believe in "Great Achievements Through Excellence!" As for management principles, we insist on High Quality, Great Mission and Extraordinary Values.
30,000 SQ.M factory, 8 factory working house, 4 exhibition hall, 200 workers for manufacturing, 20 engineers for design, 30 engineers for installation and training, 15 engineers for after sale service.
All the machines are in advance technology and plant lines design on customers' real requirements. Actually, it is simple to start the fertilizer factory, you just need to tell me what you have and what you want, then we will afford you.
Choose Henan Gate is really a right thing in your fertilizer production project. Being partner in the future, you can better know why we are so good in this area.
If you are looking for fertilizer granulators or want to get a organic fertilizer factory solution, please feel free to leave a message or sent email to us, we will answer your questions asap and respect your privacy. Thanks for your support.


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Aphrodite Red Rose Wedding Bouquet
Free delivery (including public holidays)
30 cm (W) x 28 cm (H)
Red Rose (12-15 stalks), Baby's Breath
1-3 days
Free Message Card
Free Photo
Free Delivery (more info)
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Select the state where you'd like your gift to be delivered - KL & Selangor, Penang (island & mainland) or Johor (JB only). Currently, only these states are available for delivery in Malaysia. If you need a gift delivered to other states, go to the Nationwide Collection.
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Our delivery services are back to normal! We're now offering free same-day delivery if you make your order before 3.30 pm and delivering to most major areas in Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Penang and Johor Bahru.
Same-day deliveries are available from Mon - Sun for orders made by 3.30 pm within Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Johor Bahru and Penang (the cutoff time for Sun delivery in Penang is on the Sat before 3.30 pm); while our subscription boxes are delivered weekly on Thursdays. Our standard delivery services are completed between 10 am - 6 pm. Unfortunately, time-specific deliveries are currently unavailable to ensure fairness to all our customers and maintain efficiency in our operations. Deliveries are available for any addresses within Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Penang and Johor Bahru. However, there is an additional surcharge for delivery in Penang (Mainland) based on your delivery area that will automatically shown during checkout.
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We take great pride in ensuring that our flowers are delivered on time and in great condition. However, if you ever face a problem or delay with your delivery, please reach out to our friendly customer service team at email@example.com or call +60126890215
For our full delivery policy, please see our Terms & Conditions.


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How Americans Said No To Cocaine After Years-Long Addiction
This is WEEKENDS on ALL THINGS CONSIDERED, from NPR News. I'm Jacki Lyden.
LYDEN: In the 1980s, if you moved in certain circles or were under 30 - or picked up the newspaper, a certain white powder was everywhere. Ad it was seductive.
LYDEN: Cocaine and its derivative, crack, ravaged the nation's inner cities with drug wars and open-air drug markets. And today - well, earlier this month, the Office of Drug Control Policy announced that in the last decade, cocaine production had dropped a whopping 40 percent in South America. And in America, cocaine use has dropped by almost half since 2006. That's our cover story: how Americans did, in fact, just say no to cocaine.
UNIDENTIFIED ANNOUNCER: OK, last time. This is drugs. This is your brain on drugs.
PETER REUTER: The drug went out of vogue a long time ago.
LYDEN: That's drug policy expert Peter Reuter.
REUTER: Lots of people experiment with it. But very few of the people who've experimented, in the last 20 years, have gone on to become regular users of it.
LYDEN: To understand how far cocaine use has fallen in American drug culture, let's go back to the Reagan administration, when President Ronald Reagan was waging a war on drugs.
PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN: We can defeat this enemy, but we still have much to do. Despite our best efforts, illegal cocaine is coming into our country at alarming levels.
LYDEN: At the time, crack cocaine had decimated African-American communities, and inner cities faced upheaval. Meanwhile, the powdered version of the drug reached a different demographic, who found it irresistible. Perhaps no one portrayed the highs and lows of cocaine culture better in the 1980s, and New York City, than author Jay McInerney.
JAY MCINERNEY: The ethos in fashionable Manhattan was that you worked hard all day, and you stayed up and partied all night; and cocaine seemed to facilitate that kind of approach to life.
LYDEN: McInerney's novel "Bright Lights, Big City" became a literary sensation for a generation. It captured a culture of glitz, glamour and cocaine.
MCINERNEY: In the space of a few years, cocaine went from being something that was surreptitiously snorted off of toilet stalls in these kind of grimy clubs, to something that was being done on tabletops in chic restaurants by investment bankers. (Laughing) It was a status symbol.
LYDEN: So what happened? To find out more, we turn to Peter Reuter again, a professor at the University of Maryland who studies the drug trade.
REUTER: I'm notoriously a skeptic about the official numbers, but I'm fairly convinced that there has, in fact, been a big decline. What caused it? I think there are two things going on. One is sort of a long-term effect, which is just the aging of the cocaine-dependent population. If you look at people showing up in treatment programs for cocaine problems, they've gotten older each year. You see the same thing with people who are arrested, and who turn out to be positive for cocaine. They're getting older in almost every city.
On the supply side, the answer is either Mexico or Colombia, or both. That is, in Mexico, there's been this huge increase in violence. The trade is very disrupted, and that probably has simply raised the price at which things get sold out of Mexico. There've also been some shifts in Colombia. The Colombian government, which has been very weak for a long time, is now substantially stronger. They have cut back production. They may have also contributed to the decline in consumption.
LYDEN: Let's talk about this because we heard so much, for such a long time, about enforcement. And you're saying that really, demand is what is lower.
REUTER: That's correct. You know, drugs are fashion goods. You get people who are addicted. For them, it's not a fashion; it's an addiction. But for the rest of the population, you know, this drug's in vogue; now, it's out of fashion. A new drug comes along. The question is, what is the new drug that's come along?
LYDEN: You took the words out of my mouth. I think we're all interested to know.
REUTER: Yes. And it's not clear that there is any single drug. There are lots of drugs that come and go. And they have a niche for a while; and then they turn out not to be so great, and they go out of fashion. It's unclear that there's something that has replaced cocaine in the poorer populations that have been traditionally the heavy users of the drug.
LYDEN: Whether cocaine simply went out of fashion - or not - may, however, depend on your vantage point.
DANIEL MEJIA: The decreasing cocaine consumption in the last five years has been more rapid, and this is basically due not to the vanishing of the epidemic, but due to policies - successful policies that started to be implemented in Colombia after 2008.
LYDEN: That's Daniel Mejia. He's the director of the Research Center on Drugs and Security, at the University of the Andes in Bogota, Colombia. For decades, Colombia was the front line of the American war on drugs. Pablo Escobar, for example, the drug kingpin killed in 1993, was almost a household name in America. Even as late as 2000, Colombia still grew 74 percent of the world's coca leaves.
Despite pumping billions of dollars into the country to root out the cartels and the crops used to make the drug, it wasn't until 2008, when a new defense minister - who is now Colombia's president, Juan Manuel Santos Calderon - came to office. And he changed the strategy.
MEJIA: He basically changed the antidrug strategy in Colombia, making less emphasis in attacking the coca crops. Basically, what he did was to increase seizures, and increase the detection and destruction of the labs - or the processing facilities - that are used to transform coca leaf into cocaine. And that created a huge supply shock from Colombia. Net cocaine supply from Colombia was reduced by about 50 percent. It was reflected in an increase in cocaine prices in the U.S., between 2007 and 2008, of about 40 to 50 percent. That was a tremendous increase that must have had an effect on cocaine consumption.
LYDEN: The new approach, focusing on seizures in labs, was a departure from a U.S. effort called Plan Colombia, a multibillion-dollar partnership to stabilize the South American country and in turn, reduce the supply of cocaine. In Colombia itself, the results were mixed.
MEJIA: Let me put it this way: Plan Colombia was both a security strategy and an antidrug strategy. As a security strategy, I think no one disagrees that Plan Colombia was a complete success. The homicide rate was reduced by more than 50 percent within a period of just eight years. Kidnappings went down by 90 - more than 90 percent; extortion attacks by illegal armed groups; etc. Everything you look at in Colombia, in terms of security - everything has improved.
LYDEN: As an antidrug strategy however, there were consequences.
MEJIA: And the cooperation between Colombia and the U.S., it has worked in some dimensions, but it has been extremely costly as well, in terms of violence and corruption. And I think that debate is starting to take shape in the region - and with the U.S., actually - on trying to figure out more effective and less costly alternatives to the war on drugs. And the U.S. has, I have to say, that has been open to this debate so far. So...
LYDEN: Back in the U.S., to find out whether the decline of cocaine is a change in fashion or a change in policy, we turned to the director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, Gil Kerlikowske. He's also known as the drug czar.
GIL KERLIKOWSKE: Well, there are a couple things that are going on. First of all, the production in South America has really fallen. And second, the appetite for cocaine, in this country, has fallen.
LYDEN: And what do you attribute that to?
KERLIKOWSKE: Well, if I knew all the answers, I would probably be some high-paid consultant. But here as a government employee, I can tell you a couple important parts. One is that there is just a strong understanding about the dangers of cocaine; and that's particularly true in the African-American community, which was very much devastated by crack cocaine.
We also, of course, see that the reason that these production levels have fallen in - particularly Colombia, which is an outstanding example, is not only the enforcement but the fact that alternative crops are available to those farmers who were growing coca.
LYDEN: Since the '80s, how has drug enforcement changed? Has it shifted, to some degree, in response to drug trafficking?
KERLIKOWSKE: I think the last four years, the enforcement effort has changed not only rapidly, but dramatically. And it is one in which it is much more public health-focused. We're seeing some really innovative collaborations at the state and local level, to get people into drug treatment rather than incarceration. We're seeing some partnerships that - between drug treatment programs and law enforcement and, of course, drug courts, which now number about 2,600 in this country; and the research shows that they work very well.
LYDEN: So would it be fair to say - coming back to cocaine - that it isn't any longer the office's chief concern?
KERLIKOWSKE: I would say that it's still a concern, but it's very difficult to kind of prioritize or rank order. I mean, when we look at prescription drugs and the number of deaths that are occurring, those are greater than the deaths from cocaine and heroin combined.
LYDEN: At this point, would you say that other drugs are becoming more fashionable or desirable than cocaine, here in the U.S.?
KERLIKOWSKE: We don't really see that. I mean, I'm often asked what's the nation's drug problem, and we really have a series of regional drug problems, not a national drug problem. So people could say, gee, they'll switch to heroin, or they'll go to prescription drugs - both of which are certainly problematic in the United States. But the research really does not support the - people leaving cocaine and then going to another drug.
LYDEN: Gil Kerlikowske, the director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy. The price of cocaine is way up from its glory days in the 1980s. And the culture has moved on from lyrics like this:
J.J. CALE: (Singing) If you want to hang out, you've got to take her out, cocaine...
LYDEN: The singer-songwriter J.J. Cale wrote and performed the song "Cocaine" in 1976. Coming up, we'll have a remembrance of J.J. Cale who passed away last night.
CALE: (Singing) She don't lie, she don't lie, she don't lie. Cocaine. If you got bad news, you want to kick them blues, cocaine...
LYDEN: You're listening to WEEKENDS on ALL THINGS CONSIDERED, from NPR News.
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I just downloaded a copy of the Shobogenzo. Maybe I will get a chance to read it before school starts and personal reading time disappears.
I do have a quick question about tradition. I was looking over some of this stuff and I was wondering about the meaning of the terms kensho vs satori vs enlightenment vs dharma transmission. I've looked them all up on wikipedea at one time or another, but I'm really just looking for a definition within the context of soto zen and what we do here at treeleaf (versus the Wikipedia 600 year and every sect ever run down)
<if this is all answered in the FAQ or somewhat incoherent, please disregard. I am quite sleepy and heading to bed at this very moment


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Butler puts No. 1 ranking on line at sectionals
Boylan's Alex Butler has suffered three losses this season, but they all came early and the 132-pound junior hasn't been pushed in a match since.
That stretch is over.
"This week is going to be really tough; it's going to be a lot different from here on out," said Butler, 34-3 and ranked No. 1 in Class 2A at his weight. "This tournament may be even tougher for guys at my weight than state will be.
"But, for me, I like the challenge, and I'm ready for it."
Butler will open the Pontiac Sectional today with a match against the state's third-ranked 132-pounder, East Peoria's Casey McWhirter (32-3). A win there would most likely pit him against the No. 2-ranked wrestler, Morris senior and two-time state place-winner Kenny Baldridge (34-0). He's also one of only two undefeated wrestlers in the sectional.
"We don't have to say much to Alex to get him motivated," Boylan coach Zach Taylor said. "And right now, he's as motivated as he can be, no matter what we do around him."
If he gets past them, it won't get much easier as the top-six ranked wrestlers at 132 are all at Pontiac, as are seven of the top 16 from the latest illinoismatmen.com poll. Despite the challenge, Butler's confidence is not wavering.
"I know I have to look out for everybody in this bracket," said Butler, who placed fourth at state last year. "But I've still got the same confidence, I still believe in myself the same, no matter who I go up against. I've been thinking about this a lot, and I know what it's going to take to become a state champion."
It's going to take a top-four finish at Pontiac to get to state, and that holds true for Butler's trio of teammates who advanced, as well as the other 16 area wrestlers gunning for a state berth.
Regional-champs Justin McGady - tops in the NIC-10 with 40 wins - and K.C. Pavlak lead a contingent of four Belvidere qualifiers into sectionals, and Belvidere North will be represented by No. 9-ranked, 126-pounder Psalm Fambro, as well as three others.
As for Butler, his brother Blaise placed fifth in 2010 and fourth in 2011, but Alex has higher aspirations.
"When I'm out there practicing, or right after I win a match, I think about nothing but what I need to do to win that state title," he said. "It's what drives me; it's all I want right now."
Also in 2A, just two spots out of the rankings, Freeport's Austin Anderson leads a trio of Pretzels into Pontiac, while Rochelle had five make it past regionals, including senior T.C. Hagar, the lone Hub listed in the latest rankings with honorable-mention status at 145.
Class 3A
Hononegah will take its nine qualifiers to the 3A Barrington Sectional, where they will be joined by the other eight individuals that advanced from six other local teams. Jefferson senior Isaiah Harris is one of them after he took third in the regional at 160, and while he's the lone J-Hawk still involved, he'll have plenty of company from the NIC-10.
Led by the two regional champs, Sage and Kailor Hecox, both ranked in the top five in the state at their weights, Harlem had five wrestlers move on to Barrington. East has three, led by junior heavyweight Jacob Heavlin, who placed second at regionals.
"It's just one more down, and a couple more to go," Sage Hecox said after earning two pins and a tech-fall in his triumphant regional run. "It's all about going in there and getting the job done. I know I can do it."
Class 1A
Dakota's Josh Alber will look to stay on path to become the first ever IHSA wrestler to go undefeated and win four state titles in his prep career at this weekend's Byron Sectional. He's one of 10 No. 1-ranked wrestlers taking part in the loaded sectional, three of which wrestle for the top-ranked team, Dakota.
Lutheran comes in on the heals of a regional team championship in which the Crusaders walked away with five individual titles. Zac Schrank, ranked fifth in the state at 106, was one of them.
Jay Taft: 815-987-1384; email@example.com; @jaytaft


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10 Things to Know About the O.J. Simpson Trial
It was declared the "Trial of the Century," and from the day O.J. Simpson was arrested in 1994 on charges of killing his ex-wife and her friend, until he was acquitted almost 15 months later, it captivated the nation. Here are 10 key events to remember.
Passers-by, led by the mournful howls of Nicole Brown Simpson's dog, find her body and that of Ron Goldman in front of her condominium in the wealthy Brentwood section of Los Angeles on the night of June 12, 1994. The coroner determines they were attacked by surprise and stabbed multiple times.
Photos: Simpson trial timeline
Instead of surrendering as promised five days later, O.J. Simpson flees in a white Ford Bronco driven by his former football teammate Al Cowlings. As authorities pursue the car over 60 miles of Southern California freeways, officers plead by phone with Simpson to surrender as he at times holds a gun to his head. The chase, broadcast live on TV, ends when Cowlings drives him home.
During the pursuit, Simpson's lawyer reads reporters a long, rambling letter many conclude is a suicide note. Although he never explicitly says he plans to kill himself, Simpson does say goodbye to his first wife and numerous friends. He declares he didn't kill his ex-wife or Goldman and says: "Don't feel sorry for me. I've had a great life."
As his case heads to trial, Simpson assembles a high-paid team of the nation's best defense lawyers. It's led by flamboyant attorney Johnnie Cochran Jr., who coins the term: "If it doesn't fit, you must acquit." It's a reference Cochran makes in his closing argument, telling jurors the bloody gloves found at the murder scene and at Simpson's home were too small for him.
It certainly didn't look like it when Simpson tried them on. Some legal experts say the prosecution lost the case that day. "Don't do a courtroom demonstration in front of the jury unless you know how it will turn out," says former federal prosecutor Laurie Levinson.
Defense attorneys denounced police Officer Mark Fuhrman, who found the bloody glove at Simpson's house, as a white racist out to frame the black sports hero. After Fuhrman testified in court he hadn't used racial epithets to describe black people in years, lawyers produced a recording of him repeatedly using the N-word. Time Magazine got caught up in the fray when one of its artists doctored a cover photo of Simpson to make him look darker.
After nearly a year of racial animosity fomented by the trial, the country is divided into two camps: Sixty-two percent of white Americans think Simpson is guilty and 68 percent of blacks think he's innocent, according to a CNN Time poll taken at the time the verdict was issued.
After Simpson's acquittal, the victims' families sue him. A second jury, applying a lesser standard of guilt than required in a criminal trial, finds him liable for the killings and orders him to pay a $33.5 million judgment. Goldman's sister and father spend much of the next decade taking him to court in an effort to collect.
On Sept. 13, 2007, the day the Goldman family wins the rights to Simpson's book, "If I Did It," he bursts into a Las Vegas hotel room with a handful of acquaintances and seizes numerous pieces of his sports memorabilia two men are trying to sell. He is convicted of kidnapping, armed robbery and other charges and sentenced to nine to 33 years in a Nevada prison. He will be eligible for parole in three years.
All but unfathomable. It helped establish the fledgling Court TV cable channel, now called TruTV. It launched the TV careers of several attorneys hired by the television networks to provide expert commentary, a phenomenon that led Woody Allen to remark in the film "Deconstructing Harry" that a special place in hell has been reserved for people who take such jobs. The trial's judge, Lance Ito, was lampooned repeatedly on "The Tonight Show" by a group called "The Dancing Itos" and on television's "Seinfeld," actor Phil Morris became famous playing Jackie Chiles, a loud, bombastic attorney modeled on Cochran.