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Children of the Sea Film Adaptation 1st Trailer Released
09.April.2019 | ANIME&GAME / MOVIE
The first trailer for the upcoming animated film adaptation of Daisuke Igarashi's manga series Children of the Sea has been released.
The film is set for release in Japan on June 7, 2019. It is being animated by Studio 4°C who are known for their adaptation of Taiyō Matsumoto's Tekkonkinkreet which won the 2008 Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year.
Check out the trailer below.
The trailer opens with a scene of a humpback whale with the words "Nobody is aware of most of what goes on in the ocean" overlaid. It mentions the earth being made up of 71% water and from that how much we can really see or know. The film is set to explore these adventures for us.
From there we see the beginning of protagonist Ruka's (Mana Ashida) summer holiday. She encounters two boys, Umi and Sora, who were raised by dugongs. We also witness a mysterious memory Ruka has of when she was a child followed by the start of the trio's adventure to solve the mysteries of the ocean.
The trailer is accompanied by music from Joe Hisaishi who captures the wildness of the ocean in his melodies. He released the following statement: "What's interesting about this movie is that it has things you wouldn't expect as story. You could call it philosophical. I stuck to a minimalist music style for the entire picture, so it has been quite a challenge as a film score. The film inspires the viewer's imagination of the universe's memories and the effervescence of life."
©2019 Daisuke Igarashi・Shogakukan / "Children of the Sea" Production Committee
Children of the Sea
Release Date: June 7, 2019
Official Website: www.kaijunokodomo.com
Fans Asked to Name Blimp Inspired by the Upcoming Film 'Doraemon: Nobita's Sky Utopia'
20.January.2023 | ANIME&GAME / MOVIE
The film Doraemon: Nobita's Sky Utopia will be released on March 3, 2023. The 42nd Doraemon movie follows Doraemon, Nobita, and his friends as they venture off to find Utopia, a perfect land in the sky where everyone lines in joy and happiness. They do so using an airship with a time warp function on their adventure, and to commemorate the film's release, the Flying Doraemon Project began on January 14. A real-life 17-meter-long Doraemon blimp will soon appear in the sky, and fans are being asked to decide on a name for the craft.
The blimp, inspired by the Doraemon movie, will feature popular characters including Nobita, Shizuka, Suneo, and Gian. The blimp is the largest unmanned airship in Japan.
The message of the Flying Doraemon Project is to convey the feeling that in this day and age, children and adults alike can once again look upward and move forward toward their hopes and dreams.
Fans are asked to contribute ideas for the blimps name during the application period. Check the website for more details!
Doraemon: Nobita's Sky Utopia
Release Date: March 3, 2023
Official Site: https://doraeiga.com/2023/
Won't You Think With Us? Secret Blimp Naming Conference
Application Period: January 14 – February 15, 2023 (Until 23:59)
How to Enter: Please apply using the online application form or by postcard.
Application Form: https://ssl.toho-movie.com/senden/23dora_cp01/
Official Site: https://doraeiga.com/2023/airship/
Natsume Mito to Appear in Upcoming Film 'Kono Chiisana Te'
18.January.2023 | MOVIE
Natsume Mito will star in the upcoming film Kono Chiisana Te (These Small Hands). The film will debut in theaters on April 8.
The movie is an adaptation of the manga series by Mamora Goda, also known for his works Kira Kira Hikaru and Mori no Asagao. The story follows a father who never cared for his daughter and a daughter who has forgotten her father.
This is the feature-length debut of director Hiroyuki Nakada, who previously worked as an assistant director on films such as Love is Light and Tsukuritai Onna to Tabetai Onna.
<Comment from Director Hiroyuki Nakada>
"What is a father?
This question came to me as I was watching my newborn son sleep.
Does supporting a family financially make a good father?
Can a man be a father in some other way? Can he do something else?
While I was pondering this, I came across Kono Chiisana Te.
I really wanted to find the answer to my question, so I decided to work on plans for this live-action film.
I hope that everyone who sees this film will take some time to think about their families in this fast-paced world."
Kazuma, an illustrator, lives with his wife Sayuri and their three-year-old daughter Hina.
One night, while Kazuma is drinking with his work buddies, Sayuri gets into an accident and is hospitalized while out shopping.
Kazuma falls asleep at the bar and Hina wakes up alone the next day. She is rescued by the police and placed in an orphanage.
Given his actions, Kazuma can't take Hina home. Having done nothing to help raise her, he's decidedly unfit to parent. Sayuri doesn't wake up, and time continues to pass.
Desperate, Kazuma gradually realizes that there are people who care for him and want the best for his life. Determined, he sets out to repair his bond with his daughter.
When Kazuma visits, however, all Hina can do is cry. Has she forgotten her father's face?
Kono Chiisana Te (These Small Hands)
Release Date: In theaters nationwide April 8, 2023at Euro Space and other locations
Original Story: Kono Chiisana Te by Mamora Goda / Hiroshi Yoshida
Director: Hiroyuki Nakada
Script: Yusuke Moriguchi
Theme Song: Karen Aoki
Producer: Sho Matsushima
Music: Rhythm & Note
Production: Kono Chiisana Te Production Committee
Distributor: Fulmotelmo Inc.
2022/Japanese/Color/Vista Size/90 minutes
Kouhei Takeda
Renwa Satou, Sei Ando
Chie Tsuji, Natsume Mito, Himena Irei, Kenji Mitamura, Yoko Asaji, Reon Yuzuki, Kanji Tsuda, Yuki Matsushita, Yasufumi Terawaki
SSSS.GRIDMAN Compilation Film Bonuses Revealed
17.January.2023 | ANIME&GAME
Based on the Tsuburaya Productions Gridman live-action tokusatsu series from 1993, the
SSSS.GRIDMAN anime series aired in October 2018. A sequel, SSSS.DYNAZENON, followed in April 2021.
Ahead of the release of GRIDMAN UNIVERSE, an all-new anime film coming in March, both SSSS.GRIDMAN and SSSS.DYNAZENON will be getting compilation films. Each will only be
in theaters for two weeks.
The SSSS.GRIDMAN film will be in theaters starting January 20. Those buying tickets will
receive a special illustration card with a voice drama created by Akira Amemiya, the director of the SSSS series, while supplies last. The title of the drama is Hinekuremono Demo (Even if You're Cynical) starring Soma Saito (Sho Utsumi) and Hass (Akari Kito).
The newly-revealed illustration card's design features Yuta Hibiki, Sho Utsumi, Rikka
Takarada, and Akane Shinjo happily snapping photos.
SSSS.DYNAZENON will be released for two weeks starting March 10, and those buying
tickets will also get an illustration card and a special voice drama written by Akira Amemiya.
The SSSS.GRIDMAN compilation film is being directed by Yoshiyuki Kaneko, who served as assistant director on the anime series. The film will show a somewhat new interpretation of the story under his new direction. Both compilation films will include extra footage leading
up to the release of GRIDMAN UNIVERSE on March 24, 2023.
SSSS.GRIDMAN Compilation Film
Limited 2-week screenings begin January 20, 2023
Admission Bonus: Illustrated Card with Voice Drama by Akira Amemiya
Official Website: https://ssss-movie.net/
New 90-Second Trailer, Key Visual Released for DEEMO: Memorial Keys
21.January.2022 | ANIME&GAME / MOVIE
DEEMO: Memorial Keys is scheduled to release in select locations nationwide on February 25, 2022, and a new key visual and 90-second trailer filled with brand-new footage just dropped!
The key visual was created by Mebachi, a popular illustrator known for creating the character designs for both DEEMO and the ending animation of Love Live! Nijigasaki High School Idol Club.
Against the backdrop of the castle where Deemo lives, a spiral staircase made of piano keys leads guests to a mysterious world. Alice, the main heroine, and Deemo, the masked girl, along with other characters are seen gazing up at the sky. Cherry blossom petals and light pour down from above in this emotional key visual that perfectly encapsulates the story's world.
DEEMO tells the story of a girl who falls from the sky. She has no memories and finds herself traversing a strange castle. The sound of piano rings out, and the girl must discover the truth of who she is, and where she finds herself.
DEEMO: Memorial Keys Trailer
Based on the popular DEEMO mobile game, many famous tracks from the title will appear in the movie, so fans shouldn't miss it!
ⓒRayark Inc./「DEEMO THE MOVIE」製作委員会
DEEMO: Memorial Keys
Official site: deemomovie.jp
Boat Race Tokoname in Aichi Prefecture to Screen Popular Films at Drive-in Theater
The Boat Race track at BOATRACE Tokonome will be home to a 3-day Drive-in Theater event on November 19, 20, and 21. The vast west parking lot will welcome guests to enjoy three films from the safety and privacy of their vehicles. In past years, the Hamanako, Tokuyama, Naruto, and Mikuni locations have participated. Now, it's Tokoname's turn!
Selected Films
La La Land (with subtitles) – November 19, 2021
© 2017 Summit Entertainment, LLC. All Rights Reserved.
The Secret Life of Pets 2 (dubbed) – November 20, 2021
© 2019 Universal Studios. All Rights Reserved.
A Whisker Away – November 21, 2021
© 2020「泣きたい私は猫をかぶる」製作委員会
This lineup of films can be enjoyed by families, lovers, and friends. The final film, A Whisker Away, is a coming-of-age fantasy set in the city of Tokoname. Visitors can enjoy these films on one of the largest air screens in Japan, at 722 inches. Don't miss some additional boat race content that even beginners can enjoy!
BOATRACE de DRIVE-IN THEATER in BOATRACE Tokoname
Dates: November 19, 20, 21 – Doors open at 18:00, film starts at 19:00
Address: BOATRACE Tokoname West Parking Lot (4-111 Shinkaicho, Tokoname-shi, Aichi)
Official Site: https://boatrace-driveintheater.com
Japanese Art Director Collaborates With Marc Jacobs To Promote New Line
25.March.2021 | FASHION
The Japanese art director Hideyuki Tanaka has directed a special movie to promote the 2nd season of Marc Jacob's new line "Heaven by Marc Jacobs" as a contributor of this season.
ROBOT GIRL BABY TEE ¥14,300 (tax included) / ROBOT GIRL PILLOW ¥12,100 (tax included)
Special Movie:https://www.marcjacobs.jp/contents/heaven.php
The original graphic robot, Heaven is pop and cute, yet her poisonous ambience with Chinese character "Heaven" on her forehead is iconic. Heaven's motto is to protect Double-headed Teddy. To celebrate the collaboration, Marc Jacobs launches a compact baby T-shirt decorated with a playful three-dimensional patchwork and a pillow cushion featuring Heaven with scribbles as a print. Don't miss out the exclusive items and special movie of Heaven by Marc Jacobs.
Heaven by Marc Jacobs
Official Site:https://www.marcjacobs.jp
My Film Recommendation: Pulled Into the Story by Minami Hamabe's Character in Let Me Eat Your Pancreas
ASOBINEXT is a new project launched by event management and talent agency ASOBISYSTEM, which is known for managing artists like Kyary Pamyu Pamyu. The project aims to create next generation icons who will promote their unique personalities and outlooks to the world using social media and in turn bring about new forms of culture.
As part of ASOBINEXT, MOSHI MOSHI NIPPON will be publishing content from each talent that is tied to ASOBINEXT in the form of their favourite and recommended things. Today, we are joined by ASOBINEXT's Haruna Tamura, an actor and YouTuber, whose film recommendation in this edition is the live-action adaptation of Let Me Eat Your Pancreas.
The story is centred on two individuals who, at the start of their relationship had never really spoken about anything in particular… initially. "Me," the male protagonist in the film, comes across a diary in a hospital waiting room and discovers it belongs to his classmate Sakura Yamauchi. He learns in the diary that she has a pancreatic illness.
映画の最新情報をお届けします😊フォロー・RTをお願いします🙇#キミスイ #君の膵臓をたべたい #7月28日公開 #浜辺美波 #北村匠海 #北川景子 #小栗旬 #映画 pic.twitter.com/L3aWLoRomu
— 映画「キミスイ」公式 (@kimisui_movie) March 23, 2017
公開まであと1ヶ月となる明日28日(水)に「#キミスイみたい」のハッシュタグをつけて、映画への期待コメントをツイートして下さい💕今回は、抽選で10名様に映画『キミスイ』ブックカバーをプレゼントしちゃいます‼続く⬇ pic.twitter.com/CHoXxj7IUT
— 映画「キミスイ」公式 (@kimisui_movie) June 27, 2017
Sakura is a very popular girl in Me's class, and he never thought she would be suffering from such a fatal illness. She had kept it a secret, with only the people in her family knowing about it. And so begins a bittersweet love story between the plain and simple Me and Sakura, his complete opposite who is the popular one of the class.
ただ今から~21時🕘までの間に「#キミスイ楽しみ」のハッシュタグをつけて、映画への期待コメントをツイートして下さい‼抽選で10名様に映画プレスをプレゼント💕皆さまお気軽にご参加ください😊#キミスイ #7月28日公開 pic.twitter.com/y5mLcviWUC
— 映画「キミスイ」公式 (@kimisui_movie) May 28, 2017
There are different cast members in Let Me Eat Your Pancreas for playing both the present and past selves of the characters.
The characters of the past, 12 years ago, are played by the following: Minami Hamabe as Sakura Yamauchi, Takumi Kitamura as Me/Haruki Shiga, Karen Otomo as Kyoko, and Yuma Yamoto as Gamu-kun.
This film marked the first time Minami and Takumi had starred in film together, and it was a huge success amongst viewers who shed tears at the relationship between the ill-stricken girl, and the boy who found her diary that details her experiences of living with said illness.
Playing the characters of the present is: Shun Oguri as Haruki Shiga, Keiko Kitagawa as Kyoko, and Yusuke Kamiji as Gamu-kun. Comments from viewers who have watched the film often pointed towards how Shun and Yusuke gave authentic performances of Haruki and Gamu-kun grown-up together, and how they Keiko Kitagawa's dress was spot on. I was drawn in by how they all knew each other at school.
「#君の膵臓をたべたい」初日舞台挨レポートをアップしました🌻https://t.co/LD3gZP5kRh#キミスイ #君の膵臓をたべたい #大ヒット公開中 #浜辺美波 #北村匠海 #北川景子 #小栗旬 #月川翔 pic.twitter.com/fWXasWDZxa
— 映画「キミスイ」公式 (@kimisui_movie) August 1, 2017
My Favourite Part
The highlight of the film for me which I want to point out to everyone is Minami Hamabe's portrayal of Sakura Yamauchi. She purposely puts energy into her performance, and that really left an impression on me. The world of the movie and the real world are two completely different things. Of course, this character doesn't really exist, but when I watched the performance I felt I understood her. There was a real affinity there. As the story progresses, so too does the illness grow more serious, so what I want is for people to pay attention to her facial expressions, her demeanour, and such, as that happens.
本日21時🕘まで実施中!「#キミスイ楽しみ」のハッシュタグをつけて、映画への期待コメントをツイートして下さい😆映画「キミスイ」を知らないーという方はこちらから予告をどうぞ🎵⇒https://t.co/utJI3lLlJG pic.twitter.com/zixCSjyTW8
— 映画「キミスイ」公式 (@kimisui_movie) May 28, 2017
Wrapping Up
I first watched this film when I was a 3rd year high school student. Since the film is set in the same school year, the story had an even greater impact on me. I was able to learn the bittersweet-ness of romance as well as the preciousness of life. To this day, I think it remains my favourite film.
I was captured by the array of emotions that Minami Hamabe portrays in particular. There are a lot of parts that I can relate to from being a student to becoming an adult. It's a very easy story to get behind, so if you're reading this, I'd love it if you checked it out.
Minami Hamabe and Takumi Kitamura are also starring in the film Omoi, Omoware, Furi, Furare which is showing now too. I want to go and see it for myself to see how they have both grown.
Haruna Tamura
Actor and YouTuber. He has played major roles in drama series and films and has over 1 million subscribers on his YouTube channel. He is working towards appearing at Fun Fest. He's skilled at baseball and his hobbies include watching movies and playing games.
My Film Recommendation | 5 Nostalgic Japanese Movies
ASOBINEXT is a new project launched by event management and talent agency ASOBISYSTEM, which is known for managing artists like Kyary Pamyu Pamyu. The project aims to create next generation icons who will promote their unique personalities and outlooks to the world using social media and in turn bring about new forms of culture.
As part of ASOBINEXT, MOSHI MOSHI NIPPON will be publishing content from each talent that is tied to ASOBINEXT in the form of their favourite and recommended things. Today, we take a look at 5 recommended nostalgic Japanese films from ASOBINEXT's Mirai who makes sure to watch at least one film a week.
Our Little Sister
©2015 吉田秋生・小学館/フジテレビジョン 小学館 東宝 ギャガ
・Film Summary
The film follows three sisters: Sachi, Yoshino, and Chika who all live in the house of their grandparents in Kamakura where they all grew up together. One day, they receive news of the death of their father. At his funeral, they meet their 14-year-old half-sister Suzu for the first time, whose mother is already dead. She had been living with their father and her stepmom after he remarried. When the eldest daughter Sachi looks at Suzu as the sisters are saying goodbye to her, she invites Suzu to go and live with them in Asakusa. Suzu agrees to go, and thus begins the sisters' journey together to deepen their relationship with Suzu. Its a very 'Japanese' film in many ways, and has a nostalgic Asakusa feel to it from the scenery and how people interact with one another.
・Why I Chose This Film
The story really gripped my heart. It's heartwarming, sad, and has a kind of nostalgia I can't quite put my finger on which makes me want to go back home. I love Asakusa, the setting of the movie, and go there every year to have fun with my family. We're also four siblings, brothers and sisters, so this film felt more relatable to me as I watched it. If you're someone who feels like they want to return to their hometown, or see someone you treasure, or want to feel something Japanese, then I recommend giving this film a go!
My Neighbor Totoroこの投稿をInstagramで見る
#TriviaTuesday✨The original poster for My Neighbour Totoro features only one young girl who was supposed to be the sole main character, before the story changed into one about two sisters. Mei was based on Miyazaki's own niece, whilst the English dub from 2004 featured a then six year old Elle Fanning as her voice actor, with her older sister Dakota Fanning as Satsuki!
Studio Ghibli UK(@ghibliuk)がシェアした投稿 –
・Film Summary
In the early summer, Satsuki and her younger sister Mei move into the countryside with their father to be closer to their mother who is hospitalised. They meet a mysterious creature who Mei gives the name "Totoro," a being which cannot be seen by adults. Satsuki and Mei get whisked into a fantastical world as we see them grow.
・Why I Chose This Film
I've loved it since I was a kid. It's one of Ghibli's films I've always watched. The film is set to be set in 1952 during the Showa Period. I was born in the Heisei Period so I wasn't even born yet when the film was released. Even so, this is a film that continues to receive love, so much so that it wouldn't be an exaggeration to say that it's known to all in Japan, and all have seen it. I believe there are still lots of kids who are watching Totoro even now. This film is an emotion that continues to live in our hearts as a memory, one that's like a dream we had when we were young. I want the people of the world to watch this regardless of their age or gender!
Always: Sunset on Third Street
・Film Summary
Mutsuko Hoshino arrives in Tokyo from Aomori Prefecture to begin her employment at the auto repair shop Suzuki Auto. Captivated by the prospect of living and working in the sparkling city of Tokyo, Mutsuku is disappointed to find that Suzuki Auto is actually a rundown shop in Tokyo's lower districts. Despite this, she goes into her job with will-power and positivity, and finds herself becoming a member of the Suzuki family. There is also the struggling writer Ryunosuke Chagawa, who accepts the custody of Junnosuke from Hiromi. Junnosuke is the orphaned offspring of the previous tenant of the building where Hiromi opens a bar. All of the cast members convey love, courage, and warmth in this story about being human.
・Why I Chose This Film
The moment I saw this film, it felt like I had been transported back in time to 1926, even though I was born in the Heisei Period and not the Showa Period. Despite that, it still fills me with a sense of nostalgia, and it makes me well up with a feeling of courage. The film is set in a time where smartphones, PCs, and TVs aren't a thing yet, so it really made me realise the importance of our connection to others. I want to recommend this film to anyone who wants to know about old time Japan, or is looking for a film with heart!
Kimi ni Todoke
©2010映画「君に届け」製作委員会 ©椎名軽穂 / 集英社
・Film Summary
Sawako is avoided by her classmates in elementary school because of her appearance which leads them to name-call her "Sadako," the main character from the film The Ring. They also call her a zashiki-warashi, a child spirit. But her father teachers her that a zashiki-warashi is a spirit that actually makes people happy. This makes her happy, since her motto is to "do one good thing a day." When she becomes a high school stduent, she meets a certain boy, which marks the start of this cute and pure love story.
・Why I Chose This Film
This is my favourite of Japan's love stories. It makes you feel that pure, butterfly stomach kind of youthful love. The music and the backgrounds in the film serve to add another layer to their relationship too. The film makes you want to cheer the two of them on from the shadows as they come to face complicated emotions they have never felt before. Everyone should check this out, regardless of age or gender, if they're wanting a heart-throb story or feel like returning to their youthful days!
Korede iinoda! Eiga Akatsuka Fujio
・Film Summary
This film covers the life of manga artist Fujio Akatsuka—known for such popular series as Tensai Bakabon—and his 35 year relationship with his editor Toshiki Takei. You get to learn about the unique life of the manga artist, who has been called a genius.
・Why I Chose This Film
This comedy film is set in the 1970s and shows how the popular weekly manga magazine Weekly Shonen Sunday came about, a magazine which it wouldn't be an exaggeration to call the start of Japanese manga. Of course, if you love Japanese manga, you should watch this, but I want all of the people of the world who are interested in the history of Japanese anime to see it!
A 19-year-old affiliated with ASOBINEXT and known for her trademark black bob hair. Her hobby is watching movies—she watches one a week. Her goal for the future is to become an idol that stands out from the crowd and can work not just in Japan but around the world. She wants to work in many areas and endeavours to become a person that people look up to.
Lorenzo Ferro and Yutaro Discuss the True Crime Film 'El Angel' | MMN Interview
The 2018 Argentine-Spanish true crime film El Angel is set to hit theatres in Japan this year on August 16.
The movie is inspired by the real-life Argentine serial killer Carlos Robledo Puch. It was screened at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival and was chosen for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards in the Argentine category. The film caught public attention and has enjoyed great success, and that's in huge part thanks to Argentina actor Lorenzo Ferro, a newcomer who has made his acting debut with his role as Puch. He plays the character naturally and effortlessly, capturing the seemingly "pure" looks of Puch coupled with his evil intent, a killer who had free reigns to do whatever he needed to do to achieve his goal. The 60s-70s fashion that Ferro dons in the film is also a highlight worthy of note.
MOSHI MOSHI NIPPON spoke to Ferro who came to Japan to promote the film, and Yutaro, who is the same age as Ferro, and is a model that has recently become very busy in the acting world. We questioned them about them about the film, the character role, and fashion.
*Interview translated from Japanese.
──What are your thoughts after having seen El Angel, Yutaro?
Yutaro: This was actually my first time watching an Argentine movie. The first thing that piqued my interest was the unique sound of the language. With the story, when I heard that it was about a serial killer I thought it would be a pretty graphic portrayal, but it wasn't. Even people who aren't good with graphic and shocking kinds of films would be able to watch this.
──That kind of reasoning and moral compass [which the film depicts] makes you feel kind of uneasy, doesn't it?
Yutaro: Obviously the things that the protagonist Carlos does is against the law and morally wicked, but he himself doesn't believe any little thing he does is bad. He moves on instinct which in his mind is somehow acceptable, and that's dangerous. Was it hard for you to create the character, Lorenzo?
Lorenzo: It really was tough. I hadn't played a character until then, so the first thing I had to learn was just being in front of a camera. Playing the role came after. I had to become "friends" with the movie and "friends" with the camera. Those were the first things I needed to do to fulfill my commitment.
The whole shoot took around a month and a half, but prep time was half a year. During that time I practised playing piano and mastered riding a bike. It was a lot of work, but when I finally saw the completed movie, I felt it was definitely worth all the effort.
Yutaro: When you're playing someone who is far from anything like yourself, prep time is really important, isn't it? You have to gather material on the role and really use your imagination. I also make sure to properly communicate with the director before shoots. I ask about the film's theme and intent. If our perceptions don't match then it's not going to hold up on screen.
Lorenzo: It's definitely important to respect the director and communicate with them effectively. When we were filming, I wanted to make sure I didn't forget to see the director as a friend. For instance, if the hierarchal relationship is overly strict and the director is the kind of person to look down on you and order you around, then you can't build trust. I also think the best kind of relationship is when you can give your own opinion. Saying to them like, "That was no good, was it?" [laughs] "Why do I gotta do the same thing 40 times!?" You should be frank and express your doubts.
Yutaro: Speaking of that, it's important to have trust with your fellow cast members too. I believe that even if you're filming together, if you can't build that trust, that subtle distance between you will be conveyed [in the scene]. You yourself have got to try and converse with them in a positive manner. Go out for a meal together before a shoot, talk together about your roles.
──You live your days laboriously, Yutaro, including as an actor. What does a time look like for you when things get particularly tough?
Yutaro: I've recently been doing a lot of shoots for multiple films at the same time. When that happens I find it very important to maintain retention so that I don't forget my roles. In that sense, I also find that it's important to look at how you spend your time outside of shoots when you're working an acting job.
Lorenzo: Oh, yeah! Having spare time during shoots is a curse as an actor [laughs] Even if you fire yourself up―preparations are done, you've done your warmups, and you say, "Right, time to shoot!"―you have to start from zero again if you have time until the next shoot. That happens quite a lot.
──So you're demanded to have self-discipline too. El Angel is set in 1970s Buenos Aires. The fashion and interior designs seen in the film really stood out.
Yutaro: For me personally the women's clothes left an impression on me, particularly the one piece that Carlos's mother wears. The clothes that Carlos wears in each scene too. They're plain and simple but cool. I liked the leather jacket he wore when he went on a double date with his pal Ramón.
Lorenzo: Wow, you really took in at all the little details. The influence for Carlos and Ramón was drawn heavily from James Dean and Marlon Brando who were both popular actors at the time.
Yutaro: Oh, really?
Lorenzo: Like smoking cigarettes and wearing a leather jacket. We naturally had an amazing stylist who prepared our outfits for us. We were both also conscious of people like James Dean and Marlon Brando when we played Carlos and Ramón.
──What kind of clothes do you like, Lorenzo?
Lorenzo: I usually wear the kind of thing I have on now. I have a lot of rough-looking clothes. I really like fashion, my wardrobe is packed [laughs] The more clothes you have the harder it is to decide what to wear, so I really want to just wear the same t-shirt, pants and shoes all the time [laughs].
Yutaro: I looked at your Instagram, you wear t-shirts with Japanese games and anime characters on them, don't you? You have a Super Mario one on today, and I saw a Pokémon one on your Instagram. I like how you venture to wear t-shirts of games that were popular a while back now.
Lorenzo: Really? Thanks, that makes me happy. The overalls you have on now are really cute, but I think that's because it's something that would suit you. If I wore something like that I'd probably look like a clown [laughs].
Yutaro: Do you have a criteria when picking out a character t-shirt?
Lorenzo: Well, I try not to wear t-shirts of franchises I don't like, or games I haven't played yet, or of bands I've never listened to before [laughs]. I'm wearing a Mario t-shirt today but there's still much I don't know about Japanese games or culture. I'm interested in many different cultures of many different countries, so I want to know more about Japan.
Yutaro: In that case, let's go shopping together in Harajuku next time!
Writer: Takanori Kuroda
Photographer: MURA
Models: Yutaro, Lorenzo Ferro
Translator: Joshua Kitosi-Isanga
El Angel
Release Date: August 16, 2019 (Japan)
Cinemas: Shibuya CINE QUINTO, Human Trust Cinema Yurakucho, Shinjuku Musashino-kan, and elsewhere across Japan
Director: Luis Ortega
Producers: Pedro Almodóvar, Agustin Almodóvar (Wild Tales, 2014)
Distributor: Gaga Corporation
Running Time: 115 Minutes
Japanese Subtitles: Rie Harada
Rating: R15
Official Website: https://gaga.ne.jp/eiennibokunomono
Yutaro was born in Hiroshima on June 3rd 1998. His modeling career has earned him lots of attention as a fashion icon of the new generation. The famous model also works as a "charisma" shop assistant. Yutaro has gained his reputation as a "mysterious and handsome guy" from his appearance on Japanese variety shows. His debut was made on the show "Gyoretsu no Dekiru Horitsu Sodanjo" and has since then appeared on numerous different TV shows. He challenged himself to appear on stage for the very first time in March this year and is gaining popularity by the day for his diverse work.
Toshio Suzuki & Studio Ghibli Exhibition Bound For Nagasaki This Summer
10.July.2019 | ANIME&GAME / SPOT
The second run of the Toshio Suzuki & Studio Ghibli Exhibition is set to take place at Huis Ten Bosch in Nagasaki from July 13 to September 23. The event is focused on longtime Studio Ghibli producer Toshio Suzuki and centres on specific "words" he wishes to convey through this work.
The exhibition had its first run in Tokyo back in April this year. We covered that event in detail so be sure to give it a read.
The enormous 3-meter tall Yubaba & Zeniba centrepiece will return at the Nagasaki exhibition. Visitors can draw omikuji fortunes from the display which have Suzuki's keywords written on them along with his explanation of them. You can take these home with you―a perfect addition for your Studio Ghibli collection!
An extremely special merchandise shop will also open at the site with exclusive items and products on sale and decor and decorations that will have you feeling you have stepped right into an enchanting world woven by Studio Ghibli.
Fan: ¥702 (Tax Included)
Get your hands on an official Spirited Away fan to cool yourself down at the event this summer. On one side is an illustration of Yubaba and on the other some powerful words from Suzuki.
Tote Bag: ¥1,620 (Tax Included)
Express your love for Studio Ghibli everyday with this tote bag featuring the same illustration of Yubaba―which is the main visual for the exhibition―on the side. It's big enough to be worn on your shoulder making it a convenient day-to-day item.
Tea-Towel: ¥1,296 (Tax Included)
This beautiful tea towel is made in collaboration with dyed goods company Chikusen who have been around since the Edo period. It has a traditional indigo blue colour and is made from high quality material. A perfect gift and souvenir for any fan of Studio Ghibli.
We can't forget the themed food menu either. You'll find it on the first floor of Huis Ten Bosch at the Tea Salon.
Bath House Dessert: ¥850 (Tax Included)
A fitting dessert for any guest of the Spirited Away bath house, look forward to a bamboo charcoal-black chocolate-sprayed vanilla ice cream, colourful sugar candy and a cookie. It's also served with iced corn tea.
Toast For Adventure Lovers: ¥650 (Tax Included)
Served with a glass of iced corn tea is a delicious egg-topped slice of toasted baked in the hotel bakery. Like you see in anime series, it makes you want to grab it, shove it between your teeth and run outside on an adventure.
Any fans of Studio Ghibli's work aren't going to want to miss out on this very special event. If you're in Japan this summer be sure you get to go.
©TS ©Studio Ghibli
Toshio Suzuki & Studio Ghibli Exhibition
Running: July 13, 2019 – September 23, 2019
Location: Huis Ten Bosch Art Museum, Huis Ten Bosch (1-1 Huis Ten Bosch Machi, Sasebo, Nagasaki Prefecture)
Time: 9:00-21:00 *Depending on day – check official website for details
*Free for those who hold any of Huis Ten Bosch's passport tickets including the 1-Day Passport, Moonlight 4 Passport, After 5 Passport, VIP Premiere Passport, and Yearly Passport
*For those who hold a Sansaku (Walking) ticket: Adults ¥800, Children ¥700, Toddlers & Preschoolers ¥500
*For those who hold a Harbour Zone-only ticket: Adults ¥1,600, Children ¥1,400, Toddlers & Preschoolers ¥1,000
(Harbour Zone Entry Price: Adults & Children ¥1,000, Children & Preschoolers ¥500)
Huis Ten Bosch Official Website: https://www.huistenbosch.co.jp/
Tokyo Ghoul S Live-Action Film Shown & Cast Give Q&A at Japan Expo in France
09.July.2019 | ANIME&GAME / MOVIE
The sequel to the live-action film Tokyo Ghoul, entitled Tokyo Ghoul S, will be released on July 19, 2019. The first film dropped in 29 countries around the world in July 2017 and went on to become a huge hit. The sequel features a whole new staff team with returning cast members.
Tokyo Ghoul S was shown at the 20th Japan Expo event in Paris, France on July 7, the first pre-release screening since its premiere in Tokyo. Several cast members including Masataka Kubota (Ken Kaneki), Shota Matsuda (Shū Tsukiyama) and Maika Yamamoto (Touka Kirishima) as well as the film producer Tomohiro Nagae appeared at the event for a Q&A session with fans.
The French fans welcomed the staff on stage with a round of applause as Kubota and Matsuda greeted them with a "Bonjour!" They got straight into the Q&A, with Kubota, who plays the half-ghoul Kaneki, explaining to the crowd, "All of you eat meat and vegetables, but ghouls are only able to eat people."
He continues, "People go mad when it's them who are to be eaten. But I think that's part of the appeal of this movie."
The producer Nagae elaborated on the film's deep theme: "One thing about this film is how universal its theme is. No matter where you go in the world, it's mutual. Humans and ghouls experience much drama throughout the franchise, but this also applies to those close to you. When you're watching the film, try thinking what would happen if you yourself became a ghoul."
When asked about their favourite characters in the films, Kubota answered Juzo Suzuya, Matsuda answered Kaneki, and Yamamoto said her own character Touka.
Matusda also earned huge cheers from the crowd with his Tsukiyama-like answer, saying: "In this film Tsukiyama says for the first time since meeting Kaneki that he wants to eat him, so now I can't think of anything else but him."
When asked what fans should look forward to in this film, Kubota simply said "Shota Matsuda!" Matsuda followed this up saying, "I believe this is a romance film between Tsukiyama and Kaneki. Look forward to that aspect of it too."
©Sui Ishida / Shueisha ©2019 "Tokyo Ghoul S" Production Committee
Tokyo Ghoul S
Based On: Tokyo Ghoul (Young Jump Comics, Shueisha) by Sui Ishida
Directors:Hiramaki Kazuhiko / Takuya Kawasaki
Screenwriter: Chūji Mikasano
Distributed by: Shochiku
Release Date: July 19, 2019 (Japan)
Official Website: http://tokyoghoul.jp/
Kenshi Yonezu's 'Umi no Yuurei' Tops Oricon's Daily & Weekly Charts
Kenshi Yonezu's newest single Umi no Yuurei was released just last Monday and clocked in at number one on both Oricon's Weekly Digital Singles for June 17 as well as on Billboard JAPAN's "Download Songs." It has now been revealed that the track has dominated not only the daily charts but the weekly charts too for a 2019 release.
The song's music video hit 10 million views on YouTube in just over 4 days, Yonezu's fastest video to do so. It has now amounted over 20 million views.
ⒸDaisuke Igarashi / Shogakukan
On its first day of release it hit number one on 26 music platforms and enjoyed 51,967 downloads according to Oricon. A week later for Oricon's Weekly Digital Single charts, it amounted 126,715 downloads, shooting it up to top place for the weekly charts. These numbers make Umi no Yuurei the song with the most downloads after a week for a 2019 release as of today.
This is Yonezu's 4th song to make it to number one on Oricon's Digital Charts since December 11, 2017 following the success of LOSER, Lemon and Flamingo.
Photo by Tomokazu Yamada
Not only did Umi no Yuurei top Billboard JAPAN's "Download Songs" but the Japan Hot 100 too. Its ability to reach number one on the charts despite not yet having a CD release is proof of its popularity.
Umi no Yuurei will be used as the main theme for the upcoming Japanese animated movie Children of the Sea.
Umi no Yuurei (Digital Release)
Release Date: June 3, 2019
Download/Stream: https://smej.lnk.to/nXniX
Song Website: https://reissuerecords.net/special/uminoyuurei/
Kenshi Yonezu Official Website: http://reissuerecords.net/
Children of the Sea
Release Date: June 7, 2019
Official Website: www.kaijunokodomo.com
©Daisuke Igarashi / Shogakukan / "Children of the Sea" Production Committee


text:
What Is Infrared Illuminator: How To Construct Simple Infrared Illuminator
What are Infrared Illuminators? Infrared Illuminators are devices that emit light in the infrared spectrum. They can be lively devices that emit their infrared gentle like various objects or passive units which reflect the infrared light which falls on them. One in all the most important functions is in night time imaginative and prescient cameras. The infrared illuminator integrated within the night time imaginative and prescient camera is an IR LED that emits mild in the infrared band. This infrared light is reflected by objects and is collected by the digicam lens. Infrared imaging will not be only used for surveillance but additionally for purposes like checking heat insulation of buildings, checking thermal pollution of water our bodies, and so on. The IR Illuminator will also be used in CCTV cameras. 1. Infrared LASERs: A LASER or Mild Amplification by Stimulated emission of Radiation system works on the principle of amplification of generated light by constant stimulation by the generated photons. This process continues and that is how a LASER emits mild. LASERs emitting infrared mild can be strong-state LASERs made up of materials like Neodymium-Yag LASER which emits infrared light at 1064 nanometers. It will also be gasoline LASERs like CO2 LASERs which emit light within the far-infrared vary and are used for chopping metals. LASERs emitting IR mild are sometimes thought-about to be dangerous and used mainly for military functions. 2. Filtered Incandescent lamps: These devices include conventional Incandescent lamps which are coated with the infrared filter which permits solely the infrared spectrum of the sunshine produced, to move by and block all different parts of the spectrum. Largely objects like vegetation, wildlife, sand, and many others which emit a lot of the heat are the objects which could be pictured using cameras with infrared filters. 3. IR LED: The IR illuminator principally makes use of an IR LED. An IR LED is a special LED that emits infrared rays within the range of 760nm. They're largely made up of Gallium Arsenide or Aluminum Gallium Arsenide. They operate at a voltage of around 1.4V. They will both work in direct emission mode or mirrored emission mode. Normally an array of such LEDs is incorporated in evening vision cameras. Evening vision cameras are used in lots of purposes like in spying robots and likewise for surveillance functions. Like any regular digital camera, they too require illumination for his or her operation. However for cameras used in surveillance functions which can be used largely at night, we can not depend on visible light. In some cases, this seen light can be amplified, but these cameras will not be reliable and cannot be used at locations the place there is no such thing as a gentle in any respect. For this purpose, another a part of the spectrum of light is used, which is the Infrared band. Among the cameras make use of the fact that every one heat bodies radiate infrared mild. 3 ways to realize evening vision for these cameras. Low Light Imaging: These strategies contain the use of regular seen mild and the basic precept involves amplifying the accessible seen light to extend its depth. Among the low imaging approach entails the usage of constructed-in chips in cameras where the current generated attributable to mild is constantly amplified. Thermal Imaging: These strategies are based mostly on the truth that all the objects illuminate infrared mild. The infrared radiation from all the objects is collected and an electronic image is formed. Normally semiconductor devices involving Mercury Cadmium Telluride and Indium antimonite are used as infrared detectors. They'll operate at low temperatures or room temperature. These techniques use the thermal IR a part of the Infrared spectrum which includes the wavelength vary from 3 microns to 30 microns. They involve the use of energetic illuminators, which emit infrared gentle by itself. Infrared Illumination: These strategies contain the use of devices which may emit infrared mild. An Infrared Illuminator works on the very fact that every one warm objects emit infrared radiation. The infrared band occupies a bandwidth moreover the seen red band. The approximate range of the IR band is 430THz to 300GHz. Passive Illuminator is the one which produces IR gentle by reflection or refraction of IR rays from another source. These techniques use the near-infrared part of the Infrared spectrum which includes wavelength range from 0.7 to 1.3 microns. 1. They don't seem to be affected by the encircling light. 2. They are cheap. 4. IR LEDs specifically have a decrease consumption charge and longer lifetime. 5. It is feasible to take footage at night time time without disturbing the setting. How to construct a Easy Infrared Illuminator? You can also make a Simple IR illuminator using Infrared LEDs. It is helpful to offer light for the Evening vision Digital camera. The circuit is just too easy and will be constructed on a small piece of Common PCB. 18 Infrared LEDs are used with particular person current limiting resistors R2 - R19. To increase the current through the LEDs, low worth ( 10 Ohms 1 Watt) resistors are used. Energy to the circuit is obtained from a typical transformer power provide. A 6 volt 500 mA step down transformer is used. The full-wave rectifier comprising D1 via D4 rectifies the low volt AC to DC and the Smoothing capacitor C1 removes the ripples from the DC. The pot VR1 can be used to adjust the brightness of the IR LEDs through controlling the voltage. The IR LEDs are powered utilizing AC mains provide by changing the AC signal to DC sign using the bridge rectifier association after which the pulsating DC signal is filtered utilizing the electrolyte capacitor to remove the ac ripples. The voltage to the LEDs is modified utilizing a variable resistor. Since the IR ray is invisible, a trick can be utilized to verify the circuit. Power the circuit and focus the Mobile phone camera or digital camera in entrance of the IR LEDs. A pink mild shall be visible which is the Infrared light. Enclose the IR LEDs in a reflective case in order that the light might be further increased and targeted.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
國立臺灣大學 數學系 預印本 Department of Mathematics, National Taiwan University
www.math.ntu.edu.tw/ ~ mathlib/preprint/2011- 15.pdf
New Estimation and Inference Procedures for a Single-Index Conditional Distribution Model
Chin-Tsang Chiang and Ming-Yueh Huang
July 31, 2011
New Estimation and Inference Procedures for a Single-Index Conditional Distribution Model
Chin-Tsang Chiang and Ming-Yueh Huang
Department of Mathematics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC
July 31, 2011
In this article, a more flexible single-index regression model is employed to char- acterize the conditional distribution. The pseudo least integrated squares approach is proposed to estimate the index coefficients. As shown in the numerical results, our esti- mator outperforms the existing ones in terms of the mean squared error. Moreover, we provide the generalized cross-validation criteria for bandwidth selection and utilize the frequency distributions of weighted bootstrap analogues for the estimation of asymp- totic variance and the construction of confidence intervals. With a defined residual process, a test rule is established to check the adequacy of an applied single-index condi- tional distribution model. To tackle with the problem of sparse variables, a multi-stage adaptive Lasso algorithm is developed to enhance the ability of identifying significant variables. All of our procedures are found to be easily implemented, numerically stable, and highly adaptive to a variety of data structures. In addition, we assess the finite sam- ple performances of the proposed estimation and inference procedures through extensive simulation experiments. Two empirical examples from the house-price study in Boston and the environmental study in New York are further used to illustrate applications of the methodology.
Keywords: Adaptive Lasso; Cross-validation; Curse of dimensionality; Multi-stage adaptive Lasso; Naive bootstrap; Oracle properties; Single-index; Pseudo least integrated squares estimator; Pseudo least squares estimator; Pseudo maximum likelihood estimator; Random weighted bootstrap; Residual process.
1 Introduction
We consider the conditional distribution FY(y|x) of a real-valued response Y given continuous covariates X = x, where X = (X1, · · · , Xd)T and x = (x1, · · · , xd)T. In regression analysis, a wide cross-section of research interests is pursued in the study of the conditional mean E[Y |x].
A more complete methodology and theoretical framework related to fully nonparametric and semiparametric distribution models still remains and a further investigation is necessary. As one can see, with a large number of covariatess, a fully nonparametric distribution usually suffers from the curse of dimensionality (Bellman (1961)). Although parametric models have played prominent roles in applications, they are frequently detected to be inadequate in many studies. Consequently, a more flexible semiparametric model becomes a great interest to characterize the dependence of Y on X and avoids the impact of misspecification of parametric models and the difficulty in the estimation of nonparametric distributions.
One of the most popular extension of parametric models is the single-index (SI) conditional distribution model:
FY(y|x) = G(y, xθ0), (1)
where G(·, ·) is an unknown bivariate function, xθ = x1+ (x2, · · · , xd)Tθ, and θ0 is a vector of true index coefficients. The most significant covariate is assumed, without loss of generality, to be X1 and the setting of its coefficient is mainly to deal with the problem of identifia- bility. When the conditional mean exists, it can be easily obtained from the above model that E[Y |x] = m(xθ0) with m(·) being some unspecified function. Based on the conditional mean model, Powell, Stock, and Stoker (1989) utilized the estimation of the density-weighted
average derivative to estimate θ0. Although the estimator was shown to be √
n-consistent, asymptotically normal, and computationally simple, the numerical instability is usually seen as a consequence of high-dimensional kernel smoothing. To overcome such a weakness with practice, Ichimura (1993) developed a semiparametric least squares approach and derived its asymptotic properties. Meanwhile, H¨ardle, Hall, and Ichimura (1993) recommended a cross- validation criterion to simultaneously estimate bandwidths and index coefficients. Under the validity of model (1) with a continuous response, Delecroix, H¨ardle, and Hristache (2003) introduced the pseudo likelihood (PL) estimation for θ0. Without moment and continuous conditions on Y , Hall and Yao (2005) suggested an estimation criterion on the basis of the average squared difference between the empirical estimator and the model-based estimator of the joint probability of (Y, XT)T. As one can see, the good performance of their estimation procedure is connected to an appropriate number of spheres and the corresponding radii used in the integral approximation. Currently, there is still no standard rule to determine the val- ues of these two quantities. Furthermore, the established algorithm is often computationally slow and intensive, especially in high-dimensional covariate spaces. Confronted with these problems, we proposed a new type of estimation criterion, which is simple and easily imple- mented, for θ0. The basic rationale behind this approach is to define the response process N (y) = I(Y ≤ y) and to directly use the difference between N (y) and its conditional mean G(y, xθ0) over the support of Y . Under some suitable conditions, the asymptotic distribution of the pseudo least integrated squares estimator (PLISE) is derived to be multivariate normal.
To make inferences related to θ0, the frequency distributions of its bootstrap analogues are used to estimate the asymptotic variance of the PLISE because a sandwich-type estimator tends to provide a very poor approximation. With the proposed residual process, the method
of Xia (2009) is extended to establish a test rule to check the adequacy of model (1). There are two features of the PLISE: Firstly, our estimation approach can be applied to different types of response variable and outperforms the existing ones; secondly, the foregoing inferences can be easily adopted and generalized to the considered problems in this article.
When the true underlying model has a sparse representation, identifying significant co- variates becomes an important issue to enhance the accuracy in prediction. The traditional best-subset selection algorithms are usually computationally infeasible in the presence of a po- tentially high-dimensional covariate space. The ridge regression estimation is another variance- stabilizing technique, which shrinks the least square estimator toward zero but not does not identify significant covariates cleverly. To simultaneously select significant variables and to estimate the parameters in regression models, Tibshirani (1996) introduced a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso). Since Lasso variable selection might be inconsistent, Fan and Li (2001) and Zou (2006) proposed a smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty and an adaptive Lasso instead. In their model specifications, the adaptive Lasso fur- ther avoids the problem of nonconcavity in the SCAD penalty although both of the procedures enjoy the oracle properties. By extending the adaptive Lasso in generalized linear models to our framework, we propose the penalized pseudo least integrated squares estimator (PPLISE) and derive the corresponding oracle properties. Moreover, in a small sample size scenario, a multi-stage adaptive Lasso estimation procedure is proposed to improve the possible selection inconsistency and predictive inaccuracy in the PPLISE.
The rest of this article is organized as follows. In Section 2, we propose the PLISE for θ0 and the cross-validation criteria for bandwidth selection. Moreover, the weighted bootstrap
inference procedures are introduced to estimate the asymptotic variance of the PLISE and construct the confidence regions for parameters of interests. A test rule and a multi-stage adaptive Lasso procedure are established in Section 3. In Sections 4-5, the simulation exper- iments are conducted and the proposed approaches are applied to two empirical examples.
Some concluding remarks and future research topics are provided in Section 6 and the proofs of the main results are placed in the Appendix.
2 Estimation and Inference Procedures
Based on a random sample of the form {(Xi, Yi)}ni=1, the PILSE of θ0 and the bandwidth selection criteria are proposed. The frequency distributions of bootstrap analogues are fully employed to estimate the asymptotic variance of the PILSE and construct the confidence intervals for the parameters of interest.
2.1 Estimation and Bandwidth Selection
For each fixed (y, xθ), the approach of Hall, Wolff, and Yao (1999) can be applied for the estimation of G(y, xθ). Let K(u) denote a kernel density, h be a positive-valued bandwidth, N`(y, Xiθ) = P
j6=i(Nj)`(y)Kh(Xjθ − Xiθ)/(n − 1), i = 1, · · · , n, ` = 0, 1, and Kh(u) = h−1K(u/h). The Nadaraya-Watson estimator for G(y, Xiθ) is given by bG(y, Xiθ) = N1(y, Xiθ)/
N0(y, Xiθ). By using the response process N (y) and a consistent estimator of G(y, xθ), the PLISE bθ is proposed to be a minimizer of the pseudo sum of integrated squares (PSIS):
SS(θ) = 1 n
e2i(y; θ)dWni(y), (2)
where Y is the support of Y or the interval of interest, ei(y; θ) = Ni(y)− bG(y, Xiθ), and Wni(y) is a non-negative weight function. In practical implementation, bG(y, xθ) is set to be zero if the denominator N0(y, xθ) is zero. Although a local linear estimator of G(y, xθ) can be used in the PSIS, it does not share the properties of a cumulative distribution function and might cause some complications in the above estimation procedure.
It follows from a direct algebraic calculation that
E[(N (y) − G(y, Xθ))2] = E[(N (y) − FY(y|X))2] + E[(FY(y|X) − G(y, Xθ))2]. (3)
Since the first term at the right-hand side of (3) does not depend on θ, both minimizers of E[R
Y(N (y) − G(y, Xθ))2dW (y)] and E[R
Y(FY(y|X) − G(y, Xθ))2dW (y)] can be shown to be θ0
under the validity of model (1), where W (y) is a convergent function of Wn(y). Thus, minimiz- ing SS(θ) is on average approximated by minimizing E[R
Y(FY(y|X) − G(y, Xθ))2dW (y)] with respect to θ. In our theoretical development and numerical implementation, the quartic kernel K(u) = (15/16)(1−u2)2I(|u| ≤ 1) is specified. The advantage of such a density function is that bθ can achieve the√
n-consistency. As a spacial case, the uniform distribution or the empirical distribution of Y can be specified for Wni(y)'s in (2). In the case where G(y, xθ) is known, the optimal weight for wni(y) = dWni(y)/dy is proportional to {G(y, Xiθ)(1 − G(y, Xiθ))}−1, the reciprocal of the conditional variance of Ni(y), at each fixed y. We further replace G(y, xθ) by a consistent estimator bG(y, xbθ) and iteratively update the weight estimation. The resulting estimator coincides with the maximizer of the following log-pseudo likelihood function for a random sample {Ni(y) : 1 ≤ i ≤ n}:
lp(θ) = 1 n
(Ni(y) ln( bG(y, Xiθ)) + (1 − Ni(y)) ln(1 − bG(y, Xiθ))dy. (4)
Let y(1) < · · · < y(m) denote the distinct order statistics of {Y1, · · · , Yn} and W(j) = Ry(j+1)
y(j) dWni(y). Since Ni(y)'s are zero-one processes and bG(y, Xiθ)'s are step functions with jumps occurring at {y(1), · · · , y(m)}, the PSIS in (2) has a computationally more attractive alternative as follows:
SS(θ) = 1 n
i=1 m−1
e2i(y(j); θ)W(j). (5)
In contrast, the estimation procedure of Hall and Yao (2005) is often computationally inten- sive. When the response variable Y is discrete and has a finite support, the above estimation criterion can also be applied. As for the binary response with values in {0, 1}, the PSIS will automatically reduce to the sum of squares in Ichimura (1993). In kernel estimation, a crite- rion for bandwidth selection is provided via generalizing the most commonly used "leave one subject out" cross-validation procedure of Rice and Silverman (1991). The optimal bandwidth hcv is naturally defined to be the unique minimizer of
CV1(h) = 1 n
i=1 m−1
e2i(y(j); bθi)W(j) (6)
with bθi = arg min{(n − 1)−1P
j=1 e2l(y(j); θ)W(j)}. Another criterion developed by H¨ardle, Hall, and Ichimura (1993) is further adopted and extended to our framework. The estimators of h and θ0 can be simultaneously obtained via minimizing CV2(h, θ) = SS(θ).
2.2 Asymptotic Properties
Suppose that X has a compact support X and θ0 is an interior point of the compact pa- rameter space Θ ⊆ Rd−1. Let f (xθ) be the density function of Xθ on Xθ = {xθ : x ∈ X , θ ∈ Θ}, Ml1l2(y, xθ) = E[Gl1(y, Xθ0)(x − X)⊗l2|xθ], l1 = 0, 1, l2 = 0, 1, 2, H1(y, xθ0) =
M01(y, xθ0)∂xθG(y, xθ0), V1θ0 = 2E[(R
Yε(y; θ0)H1(y, Xθ0)dW (y))⊗2], and V2θ0 = 4E[R
Y H1⊗2(y, Xθ0)dW (y)]. To establish the asymptotic properties of bθ, some suitable conditions are made before establishing the asymptotic properties of bθ as follows:
(A1) infXθf (xθ) > 0.
(A2) d3x
θf (xθ) and ∂x3
θM12(y, xθ) are Lipschitz continuous in xθ with the Lipschitz constants being independent of (y, xθ).
(A3) h = h0n−ς1 for ς1 ∈ (1/8, 1/5) and some positive constant h0. (A4) V1θ0 and V2θ0 are nonsingular.
Since the classes of kernel functions indexed by (h, xθ) are Euclidean (Pakes and Pollard (1989)), the imposed conditions entail that the considered classes of functions are Euclidean.
By applying Theorem II.37 of Pollard (1984), one has
|∂θl2Nl1(y, xθ) − ∂xl2
θ(f (xθ)Ml1l2(y, xθ))| = o(p
ln n/nh2l2+1) + O(h2) a.s. (7)
For simplicity, the consistency and asymptotic normality of bθ are established in the following theorem with the case of deterministic weight functions Wi(y)'s.
Theorem 1. Suppose that assumptions (A1)-(A4) are satisfied. Then, bθ → θp 0 and √ n(bθ − θ0)→ N (0, Σd θ0) as n → ∞, where Σθ0 = V1θ−1
For a continuous response Y , the PMLE eθ of Delecroix, H¨ardle, and Hristache (2003) is obtained by maximizing
l(θ) = 1 n
j6=iK4h2(Yj− Yi)K4h1(Xjθ− Xiθ) P
j6=iK4h1(Xjθ− Xiθ) ), (8)
where K4h(u) = K4(u/h)/h and K4(u) = (105/64)(1 − 5u2+ 7u4− 3u6)I(|u| ≤ 1) (cf. Gørgens (2004)). The fourth-order kernel function is required to ensure the 1/√
n convergence rate.
The authors concluded that the proposed estimator can achieve the asymptotic efficiency. We further examined some mistakes in the theoretical derivations and that eθ only reaches the semiparametric efficiency bound. Let g(y, xθ0) = fY(y|x),
W1θ0 = E[(∂x2
θg(Y, Xθ0)
g(Y, Xθ0) + 2dxθf (Xθ0)∂xθg(Y, Xθ0)
f (Xθ0) )M02(y, Xθ0) + ∂xθg(Y, Xθ0) g(Y, Xθ0)
·(2∂xθM02(y, Xθ0) − M01⊗2(y, Xθ0))], and W2θ0 = E[(∂xθg(Y, Xθ0)
g(Y, Xθ0) )2(X − E[X|Xθ0])⊗2)].
The proofs for Theorem 1 are processed in the same manner for eθ1 → θp 0 and √
n(eθ1− θ0)→d N (0, W1θ−1
0) under assumption (A1) and the assumptions:
(B1) d3xθf (xθ), ∂x3θM02(y, xθ), and ∂x3θE[g(Y, Xθ0)(x − X)⊗2|xθ] are Lipschitz continuous in xθ
with the Lipschitz constants being independent of (y, xθ).
(B2) hk= h0kn−ς2, k = 1, 2, for some positive constants h0k's and ς2 ∈ (1/16, 1/6).
(B3) W1θ0 and W2θ0 are nonsingular.
2.3 Bootstrap Inferences
Based on the limiting distribution of√
n(bθ−θ0), a general rule in the construction of confidence intervals usually relies on an appropriate estimator of Σθ0. One of the most widely used estimators is the sandwich-type estimator bΣ
bθ = bV−1
1bθ Vb2bθVb−1
1bθ , where Vb1bθ = 2
i=1 m−1
(∂θG(yb (j), Xibθ))⊗2W(j) and bV2bθ = 4 n
ei(y(j); bθ)∂θG(yb (j), Xibθ)W(j))⊗2.
In practical implementation, a sufficiently good performance of bΣ
θb essentially requires an adequate bandwidth. Although the smoother in bΣ
θb can be chosen different from that in G(y, xb θb), there is still no standard criterion for doing so.
An alternative approach to avoid encountering such a situation is to employ the frequency distribution of bootstrap replications. A natural resampling approach is to draw independent bootstrap random vectors U1nb, · · · , Unnb from the empirical distribution Pn,U = n−1Pn
i=1IUi with Ui = (Xi, Yi), i = 1, · · · , n. The bootstrap analogue bθnb is straightforward created via solving SS(θ) in (2) based on a bootstrap sample {U1nb, · · · , Unnb}. Without requiring drawing observations from the collected data, we further adopt general weighted bootstrap approximations for the sampling distribution of bθ. Let ξ1, · · · , ξn be independently generated from a common distribution with mean µ and variance σ2. The random weighted bootstrap estimator bθrw is then defined to be the minimizer of
SSrw(θ) =
(erwi (y(j); θ))2W(j), (9)
where Di = ξi/Pn
j=1ξj, erwi (y; θ) = Ni(y)− bGrw(y, Xiθ), bGrw(y, Xiθ) = N1rw(y, Xiθ)/N0rw(y, Xiθ), and Nlrw(y, Xiθ) =P
j6=iDj Njl(y)Kh(Xjθ− Xiθ). This bootstrapping approach can be treated as the naive bootstrap one with a measure Pn,Urw =Pn
i=1DiIUi. It is interesting to note that the dependent weights Di's can also be replaced with the independent weights ξi/(nµ)'s.
The random bootstrap confidence intervals for θl, l = 2, · · · , (d − 1), are constructed by
bθl± ρz1−α/2serw(bθlrw− bθl) or (bθl− ρq1−α/2rw (bθlrw− bθl), bθl− ρqα/2rw(bθrwl − bθl)), (10) where ρ = µ/σ is a scale factor modification for the variability in the weights, zp is the pth quantile value of the standard normal distribution, and serw(·) and qrw(·) denote the standard
error and the 100pth percentile of B bθrw's, respectively. Let P∗(·) represent the probability measure conditioning on {U1, · · · , Un}. The validity of (10) is given in the next theorem.
Theorem 2. Suppose that assumptions in Theorem 1 are satisfied. Then,
nρ(bθrw− bθ) ≤ w) − P (√
n(bθ − θ0) ≤ w)→ 0 for all w = (wp 2, · · · , wd)T as n → ∞. (11)
3 Model Test and Sparse Models
In this section, a test rule is established for the adequacy of model (1). The PPLISE is proposed to tackle with the problem of sparse variables. A multi-stage adaptive Lasso procedure is further developed to improve the accuracy of variable selection.
3.1 Model Checking
Let ε(y; θ) = N (y) − G(y, Xθ) and θ1 be the minimizer of R
YE[ε2(y; θ)]dW (y). It is straight- forward to yield θ1 = θ0 and E[ε(y; θ1)] = 0 under model (1). If the considered model is inadequate, εy(y; θ1) can be projected into some linear combinations of covariates, i.e.
ε(y; θ1) = ν(y, xθ2) + ζ(y) with E[ζ(y)] = 0 for some y and θ2 = arg minθR
Ymin{E[(ε(y; θ1) − ν(y, xθ))2], E[ε2(y; θ1)]}dW (y). The parameter θ2 is naturally estimated by the minimizer ˘θ of RSSn(θ), where
RSSn(θ) =
1 n
min{(ei(y(j); bθ) −bν(y(j), Xiθ))2, (ei(y(j); bθ) − ¯e(y(j); bθ))2}
! W(j)
with ν(y, Xb iθ) = P
j6=iej(y; bθ)Kh(Xjθ− Xiθ) P
j6=iKh(Xjθ− Xiθ) and ¯e(y; bθ) = 1 n
ei(y; bθ).
By further computing TSSn = n−1Pn i=1
j=1 (ei(y(j); bθ)−¯e(y(j); bθ))2W(j), the test statistic Fn= RSSn(˘θ)/TSSn is used to check model (1):
(H0 : FY(y|x) = G(y, xθ0) for all (x, y) HA: FY(y|x) 6= G(y, xθ0) for some (x, y) .
The null hypothesis is rejected with a significance level α whenever Fn ≤ qα(Fnb), where Fnb is the bootstrap analogue of Fn with e∗i(y; bθ)'s substituting for ei(y; bθ)'s and each e∗i(y; bθ) being independently drawn from a two-point distribution: ((5 +√
i(y;bθ)/2+ ((5 −
i(y;bθ)/2 (cf. H¨ardle (1989)). As expected, the developed test rule is generally more powerful than those based on X, especially when its dimension is high. Similar to the single-indexing cross-validation value of Xia (2009), we consider the measure
SCVn =
1 n
min{(ei(y(j); bθ) −bν(y(j), Xi˘θ
i))2, (ei(y(j); bθ) − ¯e(y(j); bθ))2}
W(j), (12)
where ˘θi = arg minθPm−1 j=1 (Pn
i=1min{(ei(y(j); bθ) −bνi(y(j), Xiθ))2, (ei(y(j); bθ) − ¯e(y(j); bθ))2})W(j) if it exists and νbi(y, Xiθ) is computed as bν(y, Xiθ) with the ith subject being deleted, i = 1, · · · , n. Following the argument of this author, one can also conclude that as the sample size approaches infinity, SCVn= TSSn if model (1) is adequate and SCVn< TSSn otherwise.
3.2 Adaptive Lasso Estimation and Oracle Properties
The PPLISE bθ(p) of θ0 is obtained via minimizing the penalized pseudo sum of integrated squares (PPSIS):
PSS(θ) = SS(θ) + λ
|bθl|, (13)
where λ is a nonnegative regularization or tuning parameter. In this variable selection and estimation procedure, significant covariates receive smaller penalties and tend to have nonzero
coefficient estimates while nonsignificant coefficients will be shrunk into zero. The above optimization problem entails that the true underlying model can be consistently identified and bθ(p)A0 has the same asymptotic distribution as bθA0, where A0 = {l|θ0l 6= 0}.
Theorem 3. Suppose that assumptions (A1)-(A4) are satisfied and λ = λ0n−ς3 for ς3 ∈ (1/2, 1) and some positive constant λ0. Then, P ( bA = A0) → 1 and √
n(bθ(p)A0 − θA0) →d N (0, ΣθA0) as n → ∞, where bA = {l|bθl 6= 0} and ΣθA0 is the asymptotic variance of bθA0.
It is revealed in our simulation experiments that the one-stage adaptive Lasso estimation in (13) usually cannot achieve the variable selection well in small sample applications. To conquer this shortcoming, we develop a multi-stage adaptive Lasso estimation scheme. Let eθ(m) represent the vector of nonzero estimates at the mth stage, θ(m) = (θ(m)l−T , θ(m)l, θT(m)l+)T be the corresponding parameter vector with a length of dm, and θ(m)l− and θ(m)l+ denote the vectors of coefficients with sub-indices smaller and greater than l, respectively. Moreover, SS(m)(θ(m)) is defined as SS(θ) with θ being replaced with θ(m). The estimation procedure is implemented through the following steps:
S1. (eθ(1)l(1), eh(1)(1)l) = arg minθl,hSS(1)(eθ(1)l−(1) , θ(1)l, eθ(0)l+) + λ|θl|/|eθ(1)l(0)| with eθ(0)(1)l = bθl and eθ(1)(1)l = 0 whenever |eθ(1)(1)l| < ε0, l = 2, · · · , d1, for some sufficiently small positive value ε0.
S2. Set (eθ(k)(1)l, eh(k)(1)l) = (0, eh(k−1)(1)l ) if eθ(k−1)(1)l = 0; otherwise, (eθ(k)(1)l, eh(k)(1)l) = arg minθl,hSS(1) (eθ(k)(1)l−, θ(1)l, eθ(1)l+(k−1)) + λ|θl|/|eθ(0)l(k−1)| and eθ(1)l(k) = 0 whenever |eθ(k)(1)l| < ε0, k = 2, · · · .
S3. Iterations are stopped if keθ(k)(1)− eθ(1)(k−1)k < ε1 for some pre-chosen small value ε1 > 0, and θe(1)λ is set to be non-zero components of eθ(1)(k).
S4. eθ(1) = eθ(1)λ1 with λ1 = arg minλGCV(λ) and
GCV(λ) = SS(1)(eθ(1)λ) (1 − n−1tr(( bV1eθ
(1)λ+ diag(λ/neθ2(1)λ))−1Vb1eθ
S5. Repeat steps 1-4 M times until keθ(M )− eθ(M −1)k < ε2 for some small value ε2 > 0.
4 Monte Carlo Experiments
The performances of proposed estimation and inference procedures were assessed through a class of simulations with a variety of sample sizes, correlation structures of covariates, and error processes. The simulations were based on 1000 replications and the bootstrap inferences were drawn from 500 bootstrap samples, which enable us to obtain stable numerical results.
4.1 Assessment of Estimators and Inference Procedures
In this simulation scenario, the covariates X = (X1, X2, X3)T were generated from a trivariate normal distribution with mean zero, standard deviation of 1, and pairwise correlations of 0.2 or 0.5. The response variable Y was generated from the following two models:
M1. Y = Xθ0+ ε with θ0 = (1, 0.8, −0.5)T and ε ∼ N (0, 0.25).
M2. Y = Xθ0 + ε with θ0 = (1, 0.8, −0.5)T and ε ∼ N (0, 0.25Xθ20).
The uniform distribution and the empirical distribution of Y were used as the weights in (5) with the resulting estimators being denoted by bθ and bθemp, respectively. We compared the finite sample properties of our estimators bθ and bθemp with the estimator ˘θ of Hall and Yao
(2005), the pseudo maximum likelihood estimator (PMLE) eθ, and the pseudo least squares estimator (PLSE) ¯θ. The inference procedures based on the asymptotic normality of bθ and the frequency distributions of its bootstrap analogues were also studied by simulations. With the limitation of number of pages, the exchangeable random weights were only investigated through independent and identically distributed Gamma(4, 2) random variables, which have better numerical results than others.
Table 4.1 displays the means and the standard deviations of 1000 estimates with the sample sizes (n) of 100, 250, and 500, and the correlation coefficients (ρ) of 0.2 and 0.5. The biases of compared estimators are generally inapparent except for eθ and ¯θ under (n, ρ) = (100, 0.5) and θ under (n, ρ) = (100, 0.5) and model M1. As one can expect, the standard deviations of these˘ estimators decrease as n increases or as ρ becomes small. We further detect in this table that eθ tends to have a substantially large variance when n is small. The high variability in eθ is mainly caused by the use of the fourth-order kernel function. In practical applications, the second- order kernel function is often used to overcome this shortcoming. In addition, the simulation results indicate that bθemp has the smallest variance under the validity of heterogeneous error model and bθ is comparable with ¯θ in the case of a constant error process. Even if ¯θ performs satisfactorily in the homogeneous error model, it has a relatively large variance among all estimators in the heterogeneous one. The CPU time for the computation of bθemp is much shorter than that for ˘θ although both estimators have a similar performance.
The sandwich-type estimate (SANE), the naive bootstrap estimate (NBE), and the random weighted bootstrap estimate (RWE) of the standard deviation of bθ are provided in table 4.2.
Overall, the SANE underestimates the asymptotic variance in a more pronounced fashion even
for a sufficiently large n. We further found that the bootstrap estimates slightly overestimate the asymptotic variance but their accuracies significantly improve as the sample size increases.
Apparently, the RWE is closer to the asymptotic variance than the NBE. Tables 4.2 also presents the empirical coverage probabilities, the average lengths of 0.95 quantile intervals of 1000 estimates, and the average lengths of 1000 bootstrap normal approximated and quantile confidence intervals (LBNCI, LBQCI). It is revealed that all the bootstrap confidence intervals are wider than the true qunatile intervals and approach the expected ones with adequate sample size. The empirical coverage probabilities of normal approximated confidence intervals (BNCI) tend to be higher than the nominal level whereas the bootstrap quantile intervals (BQI) are slightly smaller than the nominal one. In general, these constructed confidence intervals have fairly accurate coverage probabilities and provide greater precision as the sample size increases.
4.2 Assessment of Model Checking and Adaptive Lasso
The performances of testing procedures were studied through models M2 and M3. Y = X1 + 0.8X22− 0.5(1 + |X3|)−1+ ε with ε ∼ N (0, 0.25Xθ20).
Table 4.3 summarizes the estimated sizes and powers for the hypothesis of model correctness and the rejection proportions of the single-indexing cross-validation method. Under the va- lidity of model M2, the simulation results indicate that the estimated sizes are all smaller than the nominal size at 0.05. The power performance under model M3 is fairly good and the high power is generally associated with the large sample size. From the simulation exper- iments, the measure SCVn tends to have high rejection rates for model M3 and, except for
(n, ρ) = (250, 0.2), to some extent higher ones for model M2.
Table 4.3
The estimated sizes and powers, and the rejection proportions (RP) based on 1000 (SCVn) values
(n, ρ) α RP β RP
(100, 0.2) 0.001 0.063 0.903 0.952 (250, 0.2) 0.000 0.050 0.984 0.994 (100, 0.5) 0.001 0.060 0.936 0.991 (250, 0.5) 0.000 0.066 1.000 1.000
We further assessed the multi-stage adaptive Lasso algorithm through models M1-M2 with X = (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7)T and θ0 = (1, 0.8, −0.5, 0, 0, 0, 0)T. Since the average numbers of selecting incorrect zero coefficients are zero in all approaches, we only displayed those of correct zero coefficients. The mean squared error E[(θest − θ0)TΣX(θest − θ0)] of any estimator θest was utilized to evaluate the predictive accuracy, where ΣX is the variance- covariance matrix of X. Table 4.4 gives the average numbers of correct zeros, the mean squared errors of estimators, and the proportions of variable selection. For the sample size of 100, the second-stage adaptive Lasso is found to have more accurate magnitudes of zero coefficients than the first-stage one while no significant improvement is detected in the third-stage one.
To sum up, the performance of the PLISE is the worst in selecting important covariates.
Again, the covariates with zero coefficients are rarely selected in our multi-stage adaptive Lasso estimation procedure. Interestingly, the influences of correlation coefficient and error structure are inapparent in the second-stage and third-stage ones. The performances of all the adaptive Lasso estimation procedures become undifferentiated to each other as the sample size increases. Moreover, an estimator obtained from the multi-stage adaptive Lasso yields a smaller mean squared error than those of the others.
5 Empirical Examples
The PLISE and the corresponding inference procedures are applied to the Boston house-price data. The multi-stage adaptive Lasso procedure is further adopted to identify significant meteorological variables on ozone concentration in the New York metropolitan area. Moreover, all the considered variables are all standardized to have mean of zero and variance of one.
5.1 Application to a Study of House Price
The first analyzed data were collected by the U.S. Census Service in the area of Boston.
A total of 506 observations on 14 attributes are contained in this data set. Measurements of interest include median value of owner-occupied homes in $1,000's (medv), logarithm of percentage of lower status of the population (lstat), average number of rooms per dwelling (rm), logarithm of full-value property-tax rate per $10,000 (tax), pupil teacher ratio by town (ptrat), and weighted distances to five Boston employment centres (dis).
The PLISE (−0.715, 0.470, 0.350, 0.201) is obtained with the bootstrap standard errors (0.2116, 0.1194, 0.0645, 0.0420). The cross-validation bandwidth hcv = 1.0765 is chosen for the coefficient estimates of the SI: lstat + θ2rm + θ3tax + θ4ptrat + θ5dis. The PMLE (−0.843, 0.615, 0.433, 0.144) and the PLSE (−0.302, 0.217, 0.270, 0.302) are also found to have very similar explanations of the meaning of predictors. The 0.95 bootstrap normal approx- imated and quantile confidence intervals are (−1.1302, −0.3007) and (−1.3029, −0.3170) for rm, (0.2360, 0.7040) and (0.2363, 0.6862) for tax, (0.2240, 0.4766) and (0.2191, 0.4723) for ptrat, and (0.1189, 0.2834) and (0.1290, 0.2906) for dis. These variables are detected to be
significantly associated with medv. It concurs with the simulation finding that the constructed confidence intervals were fairly close when the sample size is large. In addition, the values of SCVn and the test statistic Fnare computed to be 1.987 and 0.878, respectively. As evidenced from SCVn< TSSn(= 2.108) and the bootstrap p-value of 0.006, the fitted SI model might be too simple. A more thorough investigation is needed to spot the relationship of the covariates on the conditional distribution of medv.
5.2 Application to a Study of Air Quality
The second data contain the measurements of daily ozone concentration (ozone), wind speed (wind), daily maximum temperature (temp), and solar radiation level (solar) on 111 successive days at meteorological stations from May to September 1973 in New York metropolitan area.
The variables wind, temp, solar, wind2, temp2, solar2, wind ∗ temp, wind ∗ solar, and temp ∗ solar were included in the initial model fitting with the first one being the baseline covariate.
Our primary interest is to detect significant meteorological factors on ozone.
The PLISE (−1.417, −0.211, −0.482, 0.087, 0.560, −0.984, 0.077, −0.471) is obtained with the cross-validation bandwidth hcv = 0.7517 being chosen. The PLISE and the PMLE (−1.351, −0.162, −0.582, −0.033, 0.441, −0.871, −0.032, −0.381) are more close, whereas the PLSE (−1.840, 0.073, −0.283, 0.324, 0.393, −0.947, 0.290, −0.632) is slightly different. We fur- ther implement the multiple-stage adaptive Lasso estimation and identify that the predic- tors solar, temp2, and wind ∗ solar have zero coefficients. Note that the coefficients with zero estimates from the first-stage are the same as those from the second-stage. The es- timates of coefficients, the bootstrap standard errors, and the bootstrap confidence inter-
vals are presented in table 5.1. We apply the conditional distribution model with the SI:
wind + θ2temp + θ3wind2+ θ4solar2+ θ5wind ∗ temp + θ6temp ∗ solar and test the adequacy of the fitted model. The value of the test statistic Fn is approximately 0.993 (bootstrap p- value=0.382) and SCVn= 8.387 is greater than TSSn= 8.185. Thus, no significant evidence is identified to reject the considered model.
Table 5.1
The PPLISE, the bootstrap standard errors, and the 0.95 bootstrap confidence intervals
Variable PPLISE RWE BNCI BQCI
temp -1.401 0.1778 (-1.7496,-1.0525) (-1.7453,-1.0689) wind2 -0.497 0.0707 (-0.6360,-0.3588) (-0.6218,-0.3859) solar2 0.528 0.1227 ( 0.2871, 0.7680) ( 0.3252, 0.8155) wind ∗ temp -1.020 0.0910 (-1.1988,-0.8420) (-1.1234,-0.8614) temp ∗ solar -0.356 0.0803 (-0.5136,-0.1987) (-0.5060,-0.2067)
6 Concluding Remarks and Further Extensions
This article presents an appealing estimation procedure for index coefficients and outperforms the existing ones. Compared with the PMLE, an important advantage of the PLISE is that it only requires a lower-order kernel in a one-dimensional bandwidth space. The modified cross- validation scores and residual process are also provided for bandwidth selection and model checking. Because of the poor approximation of the sandwich-type estimator, we employ random weighted bootstrap analogues of the asymptotic variance of the PLISE. The L1- penalty with random weights is further adopted into the PLISE criterion to improve estimation and variable selection simultaneously in sparse high-dimensional models. Under the partial orthogonality condition of Huang, Ma, and Zhang (2008), our PPLISE still enjoys the oracle
property when the number of covariates increases exponentially with the sample size.
In some applications, the predictive abilities of covariates might depend on the values of a response variable. It is more realistic to consider the following varying-index model:
FY(y|x) = G(y, xθ0(y)), (14)
where θ0(y) is a vector of index coefficient functions of y. This modelling approach is especially useful to handle an ordinal response variable and for quantile forecasting. The PSIS in (5) and the PPSIS in (13) can be modified as
SS(θ(y)) = 1 n
(Ni(y) − bG(y, Xiθ(y)))2 and PSS(θ(y)) = SS(θ(y)) + λy
|bθk(y)|. (15) In survival analysis, the response measurement represents the time to a particular event. It is worthy to note that the considered model includes more acceptable proportional hazards and accelerated failure time models. A major challenge in dealing with this issue is that the failure times of some individuals might not be available due to censoring. Our results should be valuable in the development of related inferences.
Proof of Theorem 1.
By assumptions (A1) and (A3), we can derive from (7) that sup
| bG(y, xθ) − G(y, xθ0)| ≤ 1
infXθf (xθ) sup
|N1(y, xθ) − f (xθ)M10(y, xθ)|
θ|N1(y, xθ)|
infXθN0(y, xθ) sup
|N0(y, xθ) − f (xθ)| = op(p
ln n/nh) + O(h2) = op(1). (16)
It follows immediately from (16) that
|SS(θ) − Z
E[(N (y) − M10(y, Xθ))2]dW (y)| = op(1). (17)
Moreover, θ0 can be shown to be a unique minimizer of R
YE[(N (y) − M10(y, Xθ))2]dW (y) through the inequalityR
Y E[(N (y) − M10(y, Xθ))2]dW (y) ≥R
YE[ε2(y; θ0)]dW (y). With (17), the consistency of bθ is ensured via applying Theorem 5.1 of Ichimura (1993).
Along the same lines as the proof in (16), one has
|∂θG(y, xb θ0) − H1(y, xθ0)| = op(p
ln n/nh3) + O(h2). (18)
The score function√
nS(θ0) =√
n∂θSS(θ0) can be further decomposed as
√nS(θ0) =
l1=0 1
√nSl1l2(θ0), (19)
where Sl1l2(θ0) = −(2/n)Pn i=1
Yε1−li 1(y; θ0)H11−l2(y, Xiθ0)(G(y, Xiθ0) − bG(y, Xiθ0))l1(∂θG(y,b Xiθ0) − H1(y, Xiθ0))l2dWni(y). It is implied from (16) and (18) that
√nS11(θ0) = op(1). (20)
Let A1mi= −M012−m(y, Xiθ0)∂x2−mθ G(y, Xiθ0)
f (Xiθ0) , A2mi = εi(y; θ0)G2−m(y, Xiθ0)
f (Xiθ0) , m = 1, 2, A2mi= 1
f2(Xiθ0)(εi(y; θ0)∂xθ(f (Xiθ0)M11(y, Xiθ0))G4−m(y, Xiθ0) + (m − 4)f (Xiθ0)M11(y, Xiθ0)
∂xθG(y, Xiθ0)), m = 3, 4, φkmij = Nj2−m(y)Kh(Xjθ0− Xiθ0) − G2−m(y, Xiθ0)f (Xiθ0), k, m = 1, 2, and φ2mij = Nj4−m(y)∂θKh(Xjθ0− Xiθ0) − G2−m(y, Xiθ0)∂xθ(f (Xiθ0)M01(y, Xiθ0)), m = 3, 4.
The terms √
nSl1l2(θ0), l1 6= l2, in (19) can be rewritten as
√nSl1l2(θ0) = −2
AkmiφkmijdWni(y) + op(1), k = l1+ 2l2. (21)
A little tedious but straightforward algebra yields E[Akmi|xiθ0] = 0 and E[φkmij|xi, yi] = O(h2), k = 1, 2, which imply that
P (sup
√n|Sl1l2(θ0)| > ε) ≤ 1 ε2n(n − 1)2
(E[A2kmiφ2kmij] +X
= O(1/n) + O(h4), k = l1 + 2l2, for any ε > 0. (22)
Combining (20)-(22), one has √
nS(θ0) = √
nS00(θ0) + op(1). By applying the central limit theorem, it is easily to show that
√nS(θ0)→ N (0, Vd 1θ0). (23)
Similar to the proof of (16) and (18), there exist functions H2(y, xθ) and H2(θ) = E[R
Y(H1⊗2(y Xθ) − ε(y; θ)H2(y, Xθ))dWni(y)] satisfying
|∂θ2G(y, xb θ) − H2(y, xθ)| = op(p
ln n/nh5) + O(h2) and (24)
|I(θ) − H2(θ)| = op(p
ln n/nh5) + O(h2). (25) From (18), (24), and the law of large numbers, a direct calculation yields
I(θ0) = V2θ0 − 2 n
εiy(θ0)H2(y, Xiθ0)dWni(y) + op(1) = V2θ0 + op(1). (26) By assumption (A1), there exists an open set Θ0 ⊂ Θ such that supθ∈Θ0kH2(θ) − H2(θ0)k
< ε/3 for any ε > 0. We can further derive from (25) that P ( sup
kI(θ) − I(θ0)k > ε) ≤ P ( sup
kI(θ) − H2(θ)k > ε
3) + P (kH2(θ0) − I(θ0)k > ε 3).
and, hence, P ( sup
kI(θ) − I(θ0)k > ε) → 0 as n → ∞. (27)
Applying the Taylor expansion to S(bθ) around θ0 to the second order, one has
S(θ0) + I(θ∗)(bθ − θ0) = 0, (28)
where θ∗ lies on the line segment between bθ and θ0. Finally, the limiting distribution of
√n(bθ − θ0) is obtained by the Slutsky's theorem, the consistency of bθ, (23), and (27)-(28).
Proof of Theorem 2.
Let Srw(θ) and Irw(θ) denote the first and second derivatives of SSrw(θ). Paralleling the proof steps in (7), we can show that
|∂θl2Nlrw1 (y, xθ) − ∂θl2Nl1(y, xθ)| = op∗(1/nh2l2+1). (29)
By the Taylor expansion and (29), one has
|SSrw(θ) − SS(θ)| ≤ 1 n
µ − 1) sup
e2i(y; θ)dWni(y)| + op∗(1) = op∗(1). (30)
The same argument for the convergence of bθ to θ implies that (bθrw− bθ) = op∗(1). From (29) and S(bθ) = 0, the score function Srw(bθ) can be expressed as
Srw(bθ) = Srw00(bθ) + Srw01(bθ) + Srw10(bθ) + op∗(p
1/n) (31)
with ISrwl1l2(bθ) = −(2/n)Pn
Ye1−li 1(y; θ)(∂θG(y, Xb ibθ))1−l2(∂θGbrw(y, Xibθ)−∂θG(y, Xb ibθ))l1 ( bG(y, Xibθ) − bGrw(y, Xibθ))l2dWni(y). We further confirm from E∗[Srw00(bθ)] = 0, E∗[(Srw00(bθ))2]→p ρ−2V2θ0, and the central limit theorem for independent random vectors (Serfling (1980)) that
nSrw00(bθ) ≤ w)→ Πp dl=2Φ(wl). (32)


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Monsters, tentacles and more
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Located in Lezo, Munduate family decided to create the Ageri cider house in 2021, with the support of her family. Using local apple trees and the professional production of its cider are Irati's main objectives in order to continue with her family tradition and also give it added value. The apple grove is located in a beautiful area of Mount Jaizkibel. The enthusiasm and passion for work are the strengths of this house. The Ageri cider house is exclusively focused on the production of cider.
Reserva Online
This cider house does not offer a restaurant service, you can find cider houses with restaurant and make the reservation online.


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Who ever thought that a beetle could look so beautiful? Charlotte Wilson-Smith from Manchester, UK is the maker of these inspiring insects. The way she captures their naturally colorful aura is absolutely on point, while maintaining the subtle differences between each unique beetle species and the way they reflect light. I love how clean, detailed, and colorful her illustrations are. The subject matter is definitely different than what you typically see in someones' sketchbook. I'm going to assume she was drawing from a photo reference and not up close and personal — if that is the case, you've got guts, Charlotte! Either way, I'm in love with her drawings and stepped away from this with a whole new appreciation for these magical creepy crawlies.
Beaming Ballpoint Beetles
Posted by Lauren Konopacki
• February 8, 2017


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Grabbing someone's attention and retaining it for a long time is probably the most difficult task in the world. And if you are a teacher, then you can understand it well how important it is to catch your student's attention Read More
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The Influence of the Weather on Sports Wagering
Many factors affect sports betting, such as team preparedness and the coach. A lot of sports betting fans do not consider the impact weather conditions might have on the outcome of games. However, extreme winter, for instance, can affect visibility Read More
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Transparent Thickened Tall Shot Glasses - Set of 6
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4 cm x 4 cm x 10 cm (LxWxH)
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This tabletop tumbler By Borgo NoVo is made in Italy with 100% extra white quality glass. Ideal to serve long drink, cocktails, aperitifs, and any kind of spirits. This eye-catching tumbler is the perfect choice for professionals who wants to make an impressive drink. Dishwasher safe.
Dimensions: 4 cm x 4 cm x 10 cm (LxWxH)
Material: Glass
Volume: 40 ml
Orders are shipped within 24 hours. Delivery Free Above order value Rs. 5000. Delivery charge Rs. 150 for order value below Rs. 5000
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Although we have the lowest breakage rates in the Industry, in the unfortunate event that a product reaches you broken - we provide replacements, no questions asked.
We believe in 100% customer satisfaction. In the case you want to return a product you can do so within 30 days of receiving the product. You can know more about our return policy here.
We charge Rs. 150 for shipping + packaging for order value below Rs. 5000.
Shipping is free above Rs. 5000
We ship within 24 hours of receiving an order. You should receive your order within 5-7 days of placing it.
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As the years go by
A small business in Delhi
What began in 2002 as an independent B2B business in Delhi, India, has since developed into an national home brand. Natasha & Brij arose their business from the common desire to provide homewares that are approachable and yet don't compromise on design - that impress down to the last detail.
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When the couple's son Nihal joined the business in 2015, the collective vision shifted from institutional sales to building their own brand, hence The Decor Kart was born. Fun Fact: We received the first order on our website on 14th Oct 2015.
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The video provides instructions on how to convert a plain shed into one that you could keep the chickens. What you need to be aware of is the airflow. The chickens won't get enough air if they don't get enough circulation. They need to be monitored in terms of temperature. As a rule, you wouldn't need a complete closed shed without electrical wiring in it. A cooling unit will need to be installed to manage the temperature of your chickens should the shed have electric wiring. Trapezoid plastic seals are perfect for stopping unwanted animals from entering your enclosure, but still permit the flow of air. The goal is to ensure your chickens can breathe, nevertheless, you'd like no animals gain access to the chickens. If you're thinking of purchasing the supplies that he used, the list is below. The chicken coop is higher above the ground and will make it warmer for their. Yet, they'll be better protected. These tips will help you build a sturdy chicken coop. 8ylx3v4xey.
Searching for a Way to Keep Warm This Winter? You May Need These Home Winterization Services – J Search
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Vitex Systems, Inc., a leading technology developer, licensor and engineering service provider for thin-film encapsulation and moisture barrier films, today announced that it has executed a license agreement with a global supplier of specialty materials and related thin-film services, granting them the rights to develop and manufacture Vitex's proprietary Barix™ Barrier Film. Licensed fields of use include, but are not limited to, photovoltaic and other large-area thin-film technology based applications. Financial terms were not disclosed.
"This new partner has years of experience coating various films in roll-to-roll format, and can support requests for Barix Barrier Films in sizes and volumes larger than Vitex is currently able to handle," said Chyi-Shan Suen, President and COO, Vitex Systems. "They have a specialty materials division that brings a deep understanding of the materials and proper characteristics required to produce superior coatings with our patented process, as well as a strong engineering team and proven production capability ready for producing Barix Barrier Films."
Suen added, "Over the past year Vitex has achieved significant milestones demonstrating the unique advantages of Barix Barrier Film for encapsulation of thin-film photovoltaic cells to create thin, efficient, flexible solar cells."
Cooperating with Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Vitex recently demonstrated results obtained on SoloPower's thin-film CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) PV. When protected by Vitex's Barix Barrier Film, the cells had less than 10% efficiency degradation after 1,920 hours of damp heat tests at 85°C and 85% relative humidity, exceeding the IEC 61646 standard which only demands testing to 1,000 hours.
Vitex Systems Inc., headquartered in San Jose, Calif., licenses its intellectual property and provides related engineering expertise to enable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display manufacturers and producers of organic optoelectronic devices to speed time-to-market of thinner, lighter, lower-cost products. Vitex solutions include: Barix™ proprietary encapsulation process technology; Barix Barrier Film, previously known as Flexible Glass, a next-generation flexible barrier substrate; and the Guardian™ deposition system tool. The company was incubated at Battelle Memorial Institute, the world's largest independent private non-profit research foundation, and was spun off as an independent company in 1999.
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Mark Dickie
In this interview, AZoNano visits the Graphene Engineering and Innovation Centre to talk with Mark Dickie, Composite Applications Manager, about how the GEIC is helping to take graphene composite innovation out of the lab and into the wider industry.
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In this interview, we speak with Stanford's Gu Group about their newly developed metal nanocluster-based material that's advancing nanoscale 3D printing.
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In this interview, AZoNano speaks with Professor Andre Nel about his involvement in innovative research describing the development of a 'glass bubble' nanocarrier that could help drug formulations access pancreatic cancer cells.
The MiniCapt® Pro is a remote microbial air sampler that is ideal for the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry.
This product profile outlines the NanoRacer High-Speed AFM from Bruker JPK.
NMR spectroscopy is a characterization technique that is extensively used by chemical researchers.


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About this item
NEVER PUMPING BY HANDS IN THE SUMMER HEAT! – Spare yourself from the strain and sweat that comes with manual pumping & help younger or much older SUPers by using this electric SUP pump.
WELL-MADE & STURDY – OutdoorMaster make a quality pump. The Cachalot electric paddle board pump has gone through rigorous testing and has CE certifications. DURABLE QUALITY and ECO-FRIENDLY material offer a promising summer journey.
FAST TO INFLATE & DEFLATE – Automatic dual stage pump: 1st stage for MAXIMUM SPEED at 350L/min and 2nd stage for MAXIMUM PRESSURE at 70L/min. AUTO-SHUTOFF technology makes them extremely safe to use and you'll conserve a lot of otherwise wasted energy for your time on the water. When packing up, the deflation function will MAKE DEFLATING QUICK & EASY.
DIGITAL LCD DISPLAY WITH REAL TIME PRESSURE MONITORING – Use the digital display to set your desired pressure and monitor the pressure in real time. PUMPING HAS NEVER BEEN EASIER!
COMPATIBLE WITH MOST HIGH-PRESSURE ISUPS – The Cachalot paddle board pump comes with FULL set of nozzles that fit all types of inflate like iSUP(almost all iSUP brands), kite-surf, wing-surf, kayak and etc.
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Emulating the natural appearance of
authentic wood with the durability and easy
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Compare where to buy price search results for Laundry HU07D21 V Neck Printed Long Dress
Sku imap_HU07D21-BLUE MULTI-4
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Go for a timeless and sophisticated look in this prominent dress by Laundry HU07D21. Fabulously detailed with a unique multi-print throughout this wrap style gown displays a flattering v-neckline long sleeves and a full back. A slim band is wrapped around...read more
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Courageous Conversations in a Climate of Fear
Episode 337 | 26m 46s | Video has closed captioning.
Many questions remain about the recent attack on North Carolina's electrical grid, which left tens of thousands of citizens unsettled, frightened and without power or heat for days. Officials say it was a "malicious" and "intentional" attack, but who is responsible for this destruction of vital infrastructure, and what was their motive? How can community safety be ensured in this moment?
Aired: 04/01/22
Expires: 02/06/23
Problems Playing Video? | Closed Captioning