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No. 39 Bucs will face Elon, No. 20 North Carolina and No. 35 Duke
JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Jan. 16, 2009) - After seven fall tournaments and 253 off-season days of practice and hard work the No. 39th ranked ETSU men's tennis team will take its first step of defending back-to-back Atlantic Sun Conference Championships as they open the 2009 slate at the Duke Invitational Saturday, in the Sheffield Indoor Tennis Center in Durham, N.C.
The three-day open tournament features No. 20 North Carolina, Elon and host No. 35 Duke. Overall, the field also highlights some of the top singles and doubles players in the nation, which include No. 25 Reid Carleton and No. 45 Kiril Dimitrov of Duke, No. 59 Taylor Fogleman of
Not to be outdone the Bucs enter the tournament with one of their own top players in senior Enrique Olivares (
Overall, the young but experienced Buc squad looks to build on their successful fall season in which they won four individual brackets playing in and against some of the top competition and tournaments in the country.
For more on the ETSU men's tennis, visit ETSUBucs.com and click on the men's tennis team's page.

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Skip to comments.Why Robespierre Chose Terror - The lessons of the first totalitarian revolution
Posted on 04/17/2006 5:51:06 PM PDT by Tailgunner Joe
The American attitude toward the French Revolution has been generally favorablenaturally enough for a nation itself born in revolution. But as revolutions go, the French one in 1789 was among the worst. True, in the name of liberty, equality, and fraternity, it overthrew a corrupt regime. Yet what these fine ideals led to was, first, the Terror and mass murder in France, and then Napoleon and his wars, which took hundreds of thousands of lives in Europe and Russia. After this pointless slaughter came the restoration of the same corrupt regime that the Revolution overthrew. Aside from immense suffering, the upheaval achieved nothing.
Leading the betrayal of the Revolutions initial ideals and its transformation into a murderous ideological tyranny was Maximilien Robespierre, a monster who set up a system expressly aimed at killing thousands of innocents. He knew exactly what he was doing, meant to do it, and believed he was right to do it. He is the prototype of a particularly odious kind of evildoer: the ideologue who believes that reason and morality are on the side of his butcheries. Lenin, Stalin, Hitler, Mao, and Pol Pot are of the same mold. They are the characteristic scourges of humanity in modern times, but Robespierre has a good claim to being the first. Understanding his motives and rationale deepens our understanding of the worst horrors of the recent past and those that may lurk in the future.
Historians distinguish three phases of the French Revolution. The last, the Terror, ran roughly during 179394. It began with the fall of the moderate Girondins and the radical Jacobins accession to power. As the Jacobins gained control of the Committee of Public Safety, which in turn controlled the legislature (the Convention), the disputes among their factions sharpened. After an interregnum of shared power, Robespierre became dictator, and the Terror started in earnest. It took the form of the arrest, show trial, and execution of thousands of people, including the leaders of the Girondins and the opposing Jacobin factions, who were suspected of opposingactively or passively, actually or potentiallythe policies Robespierre dictated.
Robespierres constituency outside the Convention was the mob, roaming the streets of Paris, the center of the Revolution. Large parts of France were hardly involved; for most people, life went on during the Revolution much as before. The mob in Paris consisted largely of destitute sans-culottes (without knee breeches), who maintained themselves by a mixture of crime, prostitution, begging, and odd jobs. Robespierre and his followers incited them to action whenever political expediency called for it. But even when unincited, having nothing better to do, they formed the crowd that watched the public executions, jeered and abused those about to die, rejoiced at the severed heads, adulated the leaders temporarily in power, and cursed them after they fell. Like flies, they were everywhere as the Revolution went on its bloody way. Their enraged, expectant buzzing formed the ghastly background of the slaughter of the innocents.
Historical distance and revolutionary rhetoric must not be allowed to obscure the Terrors savagery. The descriptions that follow are only a few among many that could be given. Stanley Loomis writes in Paris in the Terror that, in the September massacres of 1792, the bloody work went on for five . . . days and nights. On the morning of the third, the prison of La Force was entered and here took place the murder of the Princesse de Lamballe. . . . The frenzy of the crazed and drunken murderers appears to have reached its highest pitch at La Force. Cannibalism, disembowelment and acts of indescribable ferocity took place here. The Princess . . . refused to swear her hatred of the King and Queen and was duly handed over to the mob. She was dispatched with a pike thrust, her still beating heart was ripped from her body and devoured, her legs and arms were severed from her body and shot through cannon. The horrors that were then perpetrated on her disemboweled torso are indescribable. . . . It has been loosely assumed . . . that most of the other victims were, like herself, aristocratsan assumption that for some curious reason is often supposed to mitigate these crimes. Very few victims were, in fact, of the former nobilityless than thirty out of the fifteen hundred who were killed.
What Robespierre had unloosed were the most depraved urges of societys dregs. The resulting anarchy temporarily served his purpose, much as the Kristallnacht served Hitlers, the purges Stalins, and the cultural revolution Maos. Each perpetrated the terror to frighten opponents into abject submission and establish himself more firmly in power.
Having secured Paris, in 1793 Robespierre appointed commissioners to enforce his interpretation of the Revolution outside the capital. In the city of Lyon, writes Simon Schama in Citizens, the guillotine began its work, but it was found to be a messy and inconvenient way of disposing of the political garbage. . . . A number of the condemned, then, were executed in mass shootings. . . . [A]s many as sixty prisoners were tied in a line by ropes and shot at with cannon. Those who were not killed outright by the fire were finished off with sabers, bayonets, and rifles. . . . By the time that the killings . . . had finished, one thousand nine hundred and five people had met their end. The commissioner in Nantes supplemented the guillotine with . . . Ωvertical deportations.≈ . . . Holes were punched in the sides of . . . barges. . . . Prisoners were put in with their hands and feet tied and the boats pushed into the center of the river. . . . [The] victims helplessly watched the water rise about them. . . . [P]risoners were stripped of their clothes and belongings . . . [Y]oung men and women [were] tied naked together in the boats. Estimates of those who perished in this manner vary greatly, but there were certainly no fewer than two thousand.
In the Vendéan massacre, recounts Schama, Every atrocity the time could imagine was meted out to the defenseless population. Women were routinely raped, children killed, both mutilated. . . . At Gonnord . . . two hundred old people, along with mothers and children, [were forced] to kneel in front of a large pit they had dug; they were then shot so as to tumble into their own grave. . . . Thirty children and two women were buried alive when earth was shoveled onto the pit. In Paris, Loomis writes, Robespierre ordered the kangaroo court, known as the Revolutionary Tribunal, to be as active as crime itself and conclude every case within twenty-four hours. The victims were shepherded to the courtroom in the morning and, no matter how many of them there might be, their fate was settled by no later than two in the afternoon of that same day. By three oclock their hair had been cut, their hands bound and they were in the death carts on their way to the scaffold. Between June 10 and July 27 [1793] . . . 1,366 victims perished. Most of these people were innocent of any crime and were unable to defend themselves against accusations of which they were not even informed.
These atrocities were not unfortunate excesses unintended by Robespierre and his henchmen but the predictable consequences of the ideology that divided the world into friends and less-than-human enemies. The ideology was the repository of the true and the good, the key to the welfare of humanity. Its enemies had to be exterminated without mercy because they stood in the way. As the ideologues saw it, the future of mankind was a high enough stake to justify any deed that served their purpose. As Loomis puts it, [A]ll who played a role in the drama . . . believed themselves motivated by patriotic and altruistic impulses. All . . . were able to value their good intentions more highly than human life. . . . There is no crime, no murder, no massacre that cannot be justified, provided it be committed in the name of an Ideal.
The ideal, however, was simply what Robespierre said it was. And the law was what Robespierre and his followers willed it to be. They changed it at will and determined whether its application in a particular case was just. The justification of monstrous actions by appealing to a passionately held ideal, elevated as the standard of reason and morality, is a characteristic feature of political ideologies in power. For the Communists, it was a classless society; for the Nazis, racial purity; for Islamic terrorists, their interpretation of the Koran. The shared feature is that the ideal, according to its true believers, is immune from rational or moral criticism, because it determines what is reasonable and moral.
Norman Hampson notes in his biography of Robespierre that the revolutionary tribunal . . . had become an undiscriminating murder machine. . . . Imaginary . . . plots and absurd charges were everyday events. As Robespierre put it, Let us recognize that there is a conspiracy against public liberty. . . . What is the remedy? To punish the traitors. Hampson writes: Robespierre took the attitude that clemency . . . was a form of sentimental self-indulgence that would have to be paid for in blood. He declared: There are only two parties in France: the people and its enemies. We must exterminate those miserable villains who are eternally conspiring against the rights of man. . . . [W]e must exterminate all our enemies.
Robespierre, recounts Schama, rejoiced that a river of blood would now divide France from its enemies.
The result of this climate of hysteria was Robespierres Decree of the 22nd Prairial. It expressed in principle the views of the whole Committee [of Public Safety], writes J. M. Thompson in his biography of Robespierre. The Committee was fanatical enough to approve, and the Convention powerful enough to enforce, as a New Model of Republican justice . . . a law which denied to prisoners the help of counsel, made it possible for the court to dispense with witnesses, and allowed no sentence except acquittal or execution; a law which, at the same time, defined crimes against the state in such wide terms that the slightest indiscretion might bring one within the article of death. To any right-minded or merciful man such procedure must seem a travesty of justice.
Empowered by this model republican justice, the Revolutionary Tribunal sent to death 1,258 people in nine weeks, as many as during the preceding 14 months. The inescapable fact about Robespierre, notes Hampson, is that under a judicial system which he initiated and helped to direct . . . a government of which he was, perhaps, the most influential member, perpetrated the worst enormities of the Terror. . . . [N]o defence is possible for the wholesale massacres . . . in which . . . an average rate of thirty-six [persons] a day were sent to the guillotine.
Robespierre became as incapable of distinguishing right from wrongnot to say cruelty from humanityas a blind man is of distinguishing night from day. Let us now try to understand his frame of mind.
Robespierre was born in 1758 in the town of Arras. His father was a feckless lawyer; his mother, the daughter of a brewer, died in childbirth when Robespierre was six. A few months after her death, the father deserted his four young children. Robespierre and his brother went to live with their maternal grandparents. At 11, not an unusual age in those days, Robespierre won a scholarship to the University of Paris. After ten years there, he emerged with a law degree, returned to Arras, and started to practice law. In early 1789, he won election to the Convention as a representative of the Third Estate in Arras. Beginning as a fairly radical democrat, he became, as the Revolution unfolded, more and more radical.
Robespierre never married. He was not known to have had any love affairs. Nor did he have any interest in sex, money, food, the arts, nature, or indeed anything but politics. He was about five feet three inches tall, with a slight build, a small head on broad shoulders, and light chestnut hair. He had nervous spasms which occasionally twisted his neck and shoulders, and showed themselves in the clenching of his hands, the twitching of his features, and the blinking of his eyelids, says Thompson. He dressed fashionably and wore glasses, which he was in the habit of pushing up onto his forehead . . . when he wished to look anyone in the face. His habitual expression seemed to his friends melancholy, and his enemies arrogant; sometimes he would laugh with the immoderateness of a man who has little sense of humor; sometimes the cold look softened into a smile of ironic and rather alarming sweetness. With his shrill, rough voice, [h]is power as a speaker . . . lay less in the manner of his delivery, than in the seriousness of what he had to say, and the deep conviction with which he said it.
Robespierre made no secret of his convictions. He expressed them in several crucial speeches, of which copies, written in his own hand, remain. In his August 1792 speech, Robespierre said that France was living through one of the great events in human history. After an initial period of stumbling, the Revolution of 1789 became in August 1792 the finest revolution that has ever honored humanity, indeed the only one with an object worthy of man: to found political societies at last on the immortal principles of equality, justice and reason. The Revolution was the finest ever, because, for the first time in history, the art of government aimed not at deceiving and corrupting man but at enlightening them and making them better. The task of the Revolution was to establish the felicity of perhaps the entire human race. The French people seems to have out-distanced the rest of the human race by two thousand years.
But a serious obstacle barred the way. Two opposing spirits . . . [are] contending for domination . . . [and] are fighting it out in this great epoch of human history, to determine for ever the destinies of the world. France is the theater of this terrible combat. The conflicts between the friends and the enemies of the Revolution are merely the struggle between private interests and the general interest, between cupidity and ambition on the one hand and justice and humanity on the other. All the current political choices, consequently, were choices between good and evil, allowing Robespierre to demonize his opponents.
Note that in declaring his aim to be a society in which the immortal principles of equality, justice and reason would prevail, Robespierre simply dropped liberty and fraternity, substituting whatever he regarded as justice and reason. The justification of the massacres was that those killed were enemies of the republic, counterrevolutionaries who had conspired against that equality, justice, and reason whose realization would establish the felicity of perhaps the entire human race. The pivot on which all turned was those principles of equality, justice, and reason, which Robespierre spelled out in a declaration that formed the basis of the Constitution of 1793. Some extracts: Article 1. The object of every political association is to safeguard the natural and imprescriptible rights of men. Article 3. . . . rights belong equally to all men, whatever their physical and moral differences. Article 4. Freedom is the right of every man to exercise all his faculties at will. Its rule is justice, its limits are the rights of others, its source is nature, its guarantee is the law. Article 6. Any law which violates the imprescriptible rights of man is essentially unjust and tyrannical.
How did Robespierre actually interpret these principles? He said: [W]e must exterminate all our enemies with the law in our hands; the Declaration of Rights offers no safeguard to conspirators; the suspicions of enlightened patriotism might offer a better guide than formal rules of evidence. Commenting on an execution, he said: Even if he had been innocent he had to be condemned if his death could be useful. In a letter advising the Revolutionary Tribunal, he wrote: People are always telling judges to take care to save the innocent; I tell them . . . to beware of saving the guilty.
Collot, the official commissioner he personally appointed to supervise the massacres, expressed succinctly their shared interpretation of the principles enshrined in the Declaration: The rights of man are made, not for counter-revolutionaries, but only for sans-culottes.
Saint-Just, Robespierres closest ally, said: [T]he republic consists in the extermination of everything that opposes it.
The inconsistency between the Declaration, providing the basis of the constitutional guarantee of equal rights for all citizens, and the actual policies that Robespierre dictated and that his followers enforced, was so blatant as to require an explanation. This Robespierre provided in a speech in December 1793.
The object of a revolutionary regime is to found a republic; that of a constitutional regime is to carry it on. The first befits a time of war between liberty and its enemies; the second suits a time when freedom is victorious, and at peace with the world. The current regime in France was revolutionary, he argued, struggling to become constitutional. But internal enemies threatened the successful completion of this struggle. Under a constitutional regime, he went on, little is needed but to protect the individual citizen against abuse of power by the government; but under a revolutionary regime the government has to defend itself against all the factions which attack it; and in this fight for life only good citizens deserve public protection, and the punishment of the peoples enemies is death. The revolutionary regime must be as terrible to the wicked as it is favorable to the good.
There was, therefore, no inconsistency between the Declaration and the Terror. The Declaration of Rights offers no safeguard to conspirators who have tried to destroy it. The Declaration guided the constitutional regime whose establishment was the ultimate aim. The Terror was merely the means to it, forced on the revolutionary regime by enemies who prevented the realization of the constitutional regime.
This piece of sophistry was then new, but to those who look back on the twentieth century it is depressingly familiar from the use that many murderous regimes have made of it. They all claimed that their aim was human well-being, but that incorrigibly wicked enemies, who have disguised their true nature and conspired against the noblest of aims, threatened its achievement. The supposed threat was so serious, and the aim so important, as to warrant extreme, albeit temporary, measuresto identify enemies, unmask their conspiracies, and exterminate them. To a handful of clear-sighted and courageous heroes of the revolutionlike the KGB, the SS, and the Red Guardfalls the duty of performing these necessary tasks. They must harden their hearts and do what needs to be done in the interest of the greater good. The grave threat averted, the extreme measures will no longer be necessary, and then human well-being will be within everyones reach.
A remarkable feature of the ideological frame of mind is that those in its grip actually believe these justifications for disemboweling, lynching, mutilating, burying alive, drowning, and hacking to pieces their unfortunate victims. In fact, the atrocities only strengthen the utter certainty with which ideologues hold their convictions and impose their aim.
An ideology is a worldview that makes sense of prevailing political conditions and suggests ways of improving them. Typical ideologies include among their elements a metaphysical outlook that provides a Gods-eye view of the world, a theory about human nature, a system of values whose realization will supposedly ensure human well-being, an explanation of why the actual state of affairs falls short of perfection, and a set of policies intended to close the gap between the actual and ideal. This last componentcommitment to a political program and its implementationis what distinguishes ideologies from religious, personal, aesthetic, or philosophical systems of belief. Ideologies aim to transform society. Other systems of belief do not involve such a commitment; if they do, they become ideological.
In the course of history, many different and incompatible ideologies have held sway, all of them essentially speculative interpretations that go beyond undeniable facts and simple truths. Resting on fallible hypotheses about matters that transcend the existing state of knowledge, they are especially prone to wishful, self-deceiving, anxious, or self-serving thinkingto unchecked flights of fantasy and imagination. Reasonable people therefore regard ideologies, including their own, with robust skepticism and demand of them conformity to elementary standards of reason: logical consistency, the explanation of indisputable and relevant facts, responsiveness to new evidence and serious criticism, and recognition that the success or failure of policies derived from them counts as confirming or disconfirming evidence.
The source of Robespierres deepest convictions and of his certainty about them was his unquestioning commitment to an ideology he had largely derived from Rousseau, whom he regarded as the tutor of the human race. This ideology led him to believe that politics was an application of morality and that a good government was based on moral principles that ineluctably cause the interests of individuals to become indistinguishable from the general interest. Put another way, uncorrupted human beings intuitively recognize and act in the general interest. Any divergence between individual and general interest indicates the individuals immorality and irrationality. If any individual fails to see that his true interests are the same as the general interest, he must be forced to act as if he did see it, for his own good.
But who are those uncorrupted human beings who know what is in the general interest? Robespierre answers: There do exist pure and sensitive souls. There does exist a tender, but imperious and irresistible passion . . . a profound horror of tyranny, a compassionate zeal for the oppressed, a sacred love of ones country, and a love of humanity still more holy and sublime, without which a great revolution is no more than the destruction of a lesser by a greater crime. There does exist a generous ambition to found on earth the first republic in the world. . . . You can feel it, at this moment, burning in your hearts; I can feel it in my own. The plain message when the bombast is deflated is that, since the people have been corrupted, they cannot be trusted to know what is good for them, but he, Robespierre, knows, because he is uncorrupted.
If he had left it at that, his belief in his own purity would be no more than a megalomaniacs offensive folly. But he did not leave it at that. He regarded it as his duty to coerce the corrupted population to live according to what he in his purity regarded as virtue. He said: The enemies of the Republic are cowardly egoists, the ambitious and the corrupt. You have driven out the kings, but have you driven out those vices that their fatal domination bred within you? Robespierre convinced himselfand coerced others to believe or pretend to believethat his will was the general will, the will that everyone would act on if everyone were as pure as he. When he encountered opposition, he knew with absolute certainty that his opponents were either vicious and had to be exterminated for the common good, or were ignorant and had to be coerced for their own good to act as if they were as pure and virtuous as he.The basis of Robespierres ideology was not reason but passion, which became his touchstone of reason and morality. He did not ask whether he should nurture that passion, whether it was an appropriate reaction to the facts, whether it was too strong, or whether he should be guided by it. The aim of his politics was to make the world fit his passion, not vice versa. The result was that he blinded himself to the actual requirements of reason and morality and decreed the murder of thousands simply because he suspected that they might disagree with his passionately held views. All the while, he self-righteously proclaimed that his vicious actions were virtuous and that he was the champion of reason and morality.
It may be said in a misguided attempt to defend Robespierre that he sincerely believed his ideology and acted on it in good faith; people can do no more than that. Of course, if this excuse were valid, it would, absurdly, excuse SS concentration-camp guards, if they were sincere Nazis; KGB torturers, provided they were committed Communists; or Islamic terrorists, if they are truly fanatical. But the reprehensible beliefs of the ideologues strengthen rather than weaken responsibility for such actions. One wants to say that people ought not hold beliefs from which monstrous actions follow. And this is just what is right to say in response to any effort to excuse Robespierre. If his ideology led him to mass murder, he should not have held it.
Many people, of course, do not choose the ideology they hold but acquire it through indoctrination. It may be too much to demand of them to resist indoctrination, if it is persistent and sophisticated, and if they know of no reasonable alternatives. Not being able to resist ideological indoctrination, however, is one thing; committing atrocities in its name is quite another. People do have a choice as to whether they torture or murder. Decent people will question their ideology if they see that it leads to inflicting horrors. And if they do not question it and commit atrocities, then they are justly held responsible not for what they believe but for what they have done.
Robespierre, however, was not indoctrinated. He constructed his ideology himself, from his readings, education, and early political experience. As a lawyer trained to sift through evidence and evaluate the interpretations of facts, he had the ability to think critically about his ideology; yet he did not. He is, therefore, responsible for the mass murder he caused. And the same is true of countless Communists, Nazis, Maoists, and terrorists who chose their ideology in preference to readily available alternatives of which they could not be ignorant.
But why did all those follow Robespierre who did not share either his ideology or his monstrous passion? Many followed because he let them act on their worst urges, which they had to suppress when law and order prevailed.
Othersoverwhelmed by the political changes, by the widespread chaos and uncertainty, by the blood that had already been shedyearned to understand what was going on, what justified it, and what its aim was. Many people accepted Robespierres explanation, bombast and implausibility notwithstanding, because any explanation of what they were living through was better than no explanation.
But the chief reason that people followed him was fear. No one was safe, and people hastened to testify by words and deeds that they were loyal, enthusiastic supporters. Robespierre wielded his power over life and death as arbitrarily as Hitler, Stalin, and Mao did. Arbitrariness is the key to terror: if there are no rules, justifications, or reasons, then everyone is at risk. People can try to minimize the risk only by outdoing others in toeing the line. Dictators understand that, and it explains much of the spontaneous demonstrations and public adulation that they extract from the duped and terrified people at their mercy.
Robespierre, who saw himself as a romantic hero battling against great odds, yearned for power and was indifferent to the cost of achieving it. When he succeeded in concocting an ideology from the flotsam of Rousseaus ideas and other bits and pieces, he held on to it with fanatical dedication, for it provided him not merely with a political program but also with a justification of his quest for power. In a strangely closed circle, when he perpetrated the monstrous acts of the Terror, he took their very monstrosity as evidence of the purity of his motivation and convictions. He and his fellow ideologues were the elect whose passions guided them to know good and evil, truth and falsehood, however obscene or forbidden their actions might appear to the unelect.
Though Nazism, Communism, various kinds of terrorism, and white, black, and yellow racism demonstrate how easily ideologies lead to inhumanity, not even irrational and immoral ideologies lead necessarily to mass murder, of course. Ideologues must have the opportunity to act in accordance with their beliefsopportunities that spring from the combination of deep and widespread resentment about the burden that people must bear, weak or weakening government, and no prospect of quick and substantial improvement. It was the presence of these conditions that permitted Robespierre to become the monster he was.
Castigating Robespierre more than 200 years after his death would have little point if he were not the prototype of the ideological frame of mind that is very much with us today. If we understand him, we understand that it is utterly useless to appeal to reason and morality in dealing with ideologues. For they are convinced that reason and morality are on their side and that their enemies are irrational and immoral simply because they are enemies. Negotiation with such people can succeed only if we have overwhelming force on our side and have shown ourselves unsqueamish about using it. Justifying its use to the electorate of a democratic countryused to thinking of politics as a process of reasonable negotiation and compromisemust involve showing in sickening detail the monstrosities committed in the name of the ideology. And that is the point of reminding ourselves of the crimes of the long-dead Robespierre.
Whenever any lefty says the Nazis were conservatives, I just say that the Jacobins were liberals.
Seriously though, if it was not for the French Revolution, does anyone think Britain might have tried to reconquer us around 1810-1820? Probably would have been in a stronger position to do so without all the resources Napoleon was taking up.
I know lots of seemingly decent people, myself among them, who would just question whether the horrors really were horrors. "Call no man decent until he is dead."
I'm not sure ideology and ideologue are useful categories for what the author is trying to describe and prevent.
Wow. This is a great post and thread.
As I read of the horrors, it reminded me of the great wisdom of our nation's Founders, particularly in their framing of the Second Amendment.
Ping. Good article.
but Robespierre has a good claim to being the firstI dunno. Seems to me Savonarola beat him to it.
Wikipedia has a pretty good biography of Robespierre.
Apparently, Robespierre was executed by guillotine, face up.
An ideology is a worldview that makes sense of prevailing political conditions and suggests ways of improving them. Typical ideologies include among their elements a metaphysical outlook that provides a Gods-eye view of the world, a theory about human nature, a system of values whose realization will supposedly ensure human well-being, an explanation of why the actual state of affairs falls short of perfection, and a set of policies intended to close the gap between the actual and ideal. This last componentcommitment to a political program and its implementationis what distinguishes ideologies from religious, personal, aesthetic, or philosophical systems of belief. Ideologies aim to transform society. Other systems of belief do not involve such a commitment; if they do, they become ideological.I'm thinking this one through to find a distinction between the French and American revolutions based upon it. What I can find is this:
...and a set of policies intended to close the gap between the actual and ideal.The American Revolution is based not upon an inconsistency between the actual and the ideal but upon the most ideal actuality. The American view starts with the ideal, and moves from there to the practical. The ideal is God's view. The practical is man's best attempt to make good upon it.
Big, big difference.
One of the great tragedies of modern history is that the template for violent political revolution is the French rather than the American revolution.
The French Revolution, with its Terror and guillotines and mass executions and Committees of Public Safety, is the father of what later came to be called genocide.
In contrast, the American Revolution--in a country where a full third of the population had Tory sympathies--is remarkable in its lack of Terror. The symbols of twentieth-century revolutions, with their Chekas and up-against-the-wall rhetoric, are all very familiar to students of the French Revolution.
Without the war, it would have been harder to mobilize the mob and paint the remaining aristocrats as enemies of the nation. Thanks to the war, the Jacobins could turn a questionable ideology into a matter or national survival.
In an atmosphere of rationing and inflation, it was also easy to direct popular anger against black marketeers and supposed war profiteers. Anyone who lived better than others could be painted as taking bread out of the mouths of children.
LOL! Beethoven's, to be precise, and he wasn't joking. The Eroica is still one heckuva symphony.
Publius, thanks for the ping. Robespierre is such a fascinating study, an example of the "great man" interpretation of history that is a case where the historical role was far, far greater than the individual fate decided to place in it. I do not honestly respect the man, and I do respect such excrescences as Stalin and Hitler, such as they were.
The real "hero" of the Revolution was probably equally distasteful to modern sensibilities, and that was a fellow named Marat. Charlotte Corday did him and I must say that was the best thing that ever happened in a bathtub. But it was this that left the field open to Robespierre, and what he did with that is better detailed by the likes of Carlyle and Schama - not an unclean pen but one more robust to atrocity than my own. Which is not, incidentally entirely unclean of itself - I can relate one historical trivium that may relate the mood of the Parisian mob - Marie Antoinette was presented with a portion of the poor Princesse de Lamballe stuck on a pike - her genitalia. There was a bestial nature to this that is difficult even for those of us inured to the atrocities of the 20th century to contemplate with equanimity.
A detailed study of this is beyond the limitations of this post, but briefly I submit that Robespierre happened on the power of class warfare in a place where class was precisely defined enough to make it practicable. There is a dehumanizing aspect to this that Stalin and Mao and Pol Pot understood full well - the politically besotted will treat other human beings with astonishing brutality as long as they may be presented as representatives of a hated class, as symbols rather than people. The cutting of the hair of the victims of the guillotine is a case in point - not only does it enhance the accuracy of the blade, it reduces the victim to a creature less likely to evoke empathy from the onlookers. The keepers of the Spanish Inquisition learned that lesson long before this.
This is more than symbolic, it is what the proponents of class warfare would do to all of their opponents. Their greatest fear is that these opponents will appear as individuals to be pitied. It is one thing to butcher a symbol, quite another to butcher a political opponent who is a person. Beware the people who treat other people as symbols. They are the executioners, the bombers, the terrorists, the ones who can justify to themselves the unjustifiable. They are less than human because they make themselves that way.
Which political, ideological or moral side do you take today in the battle for human survival?
The answer to this fundamental question seems to be hidden in the heart of every man. The question can be answered by explaining that well know emotion we all know as hate. It's been around since the beginning of the ages.
No one, no nation, peoples, political class or ideology have been able to contain it. Everyone claims their nation or party does not have it and everyone claims they are the victims of it. Everyone believes they have the perfect solution for it and yet it lives on.
Through the need for the survival of the species we all build up or defenses and war against the chosen enemies of today who we define as the perpetrators of this eternal hate.
Who is this enemy? Is it really just a person or group of persons? Of course we say, most certainly it must be that other person, country, or party, not us. It was the one who struck first. It was their fault. But who really is the one who struck first? Can we recall a real beginning point to this hate?
I say it will take until the end of time to try to stop it. Hate must be in the air we breath. It cannot possibly be part of me so it must be in you because I know it is there and I cannot place my hand on it.
Will you accept that someone must pay for the hate? Will it be you or me? It must be stopped. We all know it must be stopped.
I do not want to pay for hate. Will you please pay the price of it for me? No you say, I must be the one, my people and my children. Sorry, I am not that strong. Find someone else.
And so we will go forward searching for the true evil in each other, on and on and on, feeding the insatiable desire to defeat the real enemy. Mankind is destined forever to look from one place to the other for the one to blame today for yesterday.
Won't someone please volunteer to pay so we can just stop this insanity? Is there no one who is willing? Not even for the whole world?
Surely that person will be worshiped for saving us, but no, even if that person did pay for us we would not recognize it, all we have ever known and have been taught is hate. We know how to deal with it. Blame someone else.
How can we live without hate now? We all worship the familiarity of it and take comfort that we have correctly identified who or what the enemy is. We feed the need for freedom from todays enemy daily with wars and clashes of all kinds and will forever and ever until the end when we all pay hate it's due.
Choose you this day the "side" that will ensure your survival. There has never been another choice available but to choose.
Plus ca change, plus le meme chose.
Yes. For example, Tom Paine's reputation in America was greatly damaged by his association with the French Revolution, especially the anti-religious aspect of it.
Translates to..
The more ca changes, the more the meme thing.
"The more things change, the more they stay ( or remain ) the same."
It's a VERY well known saying; even in just the French. At least it used to be. LOL
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
RALEIGH � For North Carolina liberals intent on recovering some political power in Raleigh, a funny thing happened on the way to a quorum: reality intruded on their most-cherished claims about the two biggest issues in North Carolina politics.
Well, OK, liberals probably don�t find it funny.
What are those two biggest issues? Health care and economic growth, of course. The disastrous launch of the Affordable Care Act exchanges has crumbled President Obama�s credibility and public approval, made Kay Hagan�s senate seat vulnerable in 2014, and introduced a new generation of voters to timeless wisdom about the inability of coercion and central planning to deliver on the grandiose promises of clueless politicians.
Although some left-wing bitter-enders are continuing to defend Obamacare, smart Democrats are already strategizing how best to distance themselves from the fiasco. A common method will be to express regret and then quickly shift the debate to more favorable territory.
In North Carolina, that favorable territory was supposed to be the state of the economy. Liberals and Democrats had planned to blame conservative policies and Republican politicians for North Carolina�s jobless, substandard economic recovery. Only, according to the latest data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the state�s economic recovery has been neither jobless nor substandard.
BLS conducts two monthly surveys to generate employment data. One of them, the larger one, surveys employers about changes in payrolls. The other, the smaller one, surveys households to determine, among other things, the unemployment rate. According to the payroll survey, North Carolina added 30,000 net new jobs during September and October. So far this year, state employment is growing by an annualized rate of 2 percent, faster than the national average of 1.7 percent.
According to the household survey, North Carolina�s unemployment rate was 8 percent in October, down from 9.4 percent in October 2012. Our jobless rate is no longer in the top 10. It is even lower than that of two neighboring states, Tennessee (8.4 percent) and Georgia (8.1 percent).
On the other hand, the household survey suggests that essentially all of the drop in North Carolina�s unemployment rate over the past 12 months occurred because people previously looking for work dropped out of the workforce. It shows no net gain in employment. That doesn�t comport with the payroll survey in North Carolina, which found 80,000 more jobs in October 2013 than in October 2012.
Economists tend to believe the broader payroll survey is more credible. The household data may well be adjusted upward in the coming months. But we don�t have to wait until then to assess political claims about North Carolina�s economy. Longer-term data are available � and devastating to the liberal argument.
You may remember that back in 2011, then-Gov. Bev Perdue proposed to close a $2 billion deficit in North Carolina�s General Fund budget in part by extending most of a temporary sales-tax increase scheduled to sunset in the 2011-12 fiscal year. The newly elected Republican legislature, pursuing a more fiscally conservative course, rejected her proposal. As a result, the state sales tax dropped by a penny, reducing the state tax burden by more than $1 billion a year.
Liberals predicted dire economic consequences. They argued that any positive effects of reducing the sales tax would be swamped by massive layoffs of government workers � which would, in turn, weaken consumer spending and hamper North Carolina�s economic recovery. Using more realistic assumptions, conservatives predicted that lowering North Carolina�s sales tax would create thousands more jobs in the private sector than might be lost from spending restraint in the public sector.
What happened? From June 2009 to June 2011, North Carolina�s rate of job growth was an anemic 0.5 percent, lower than the national average of 0.7 percent. From June 2011 to October 2013, by contrast, North Carolina employment grew by 174,000 jobs, or 4.4 percent vs. a national average gain of 3.8 percent. Even the household survey shows a healthy gain of 122,000 jobs.
Strike two. Time for liberals to change the subject, again.
John Hood is president of the conservative John Locke Foundation in Raleigh.


text:
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text:
The gender and women's studies internship encourages both working in the community and a concurrent analysis of that experience. Students work with organizations such as the local rape crisis center, the domestic violence service organization, a welfare-to-work service, groups lobbying on behalf of women's issues, women's health care agencies, and even local businesses.
Typically, students work ten to twenty hours each week for pass/fail credit. During the same semester, students also gather in the classroom to discuss their experiences collectively and to put their agency's task into a larger historical and sociological perspective. In this seminar (for a letter grade), students will read a number of jointly-relevant books, and each student will write a library research paper based on their internship site.
Gender and women's studies is particularly well suited to the application of theories and concepts to the wider community. As a discipline, we study and analyze the position of women in the world and how gender is constructed in societies. Our internship program encourages both scholarship and community involvement.
The program is designed to encourage us to make connections between what we learn in the classroom and the issues and problems of agencies and organizations outside the classroom. Students then learn to practice their knowledge in a way that benefits both them and the community.
Thus, students develop an ethic of community service, a deeper understanding of the social construction of gender and its consequences, and a seriousness about intellectual pursuits.
Our students particularly like these sites for internships:
- STOP Domestic Violence/Behavioral Health Services North
- Northern Adirondack Planned Parenthood
- Crisis Center of Clinton, Essex, Franklin
- SUNY Plattsburgh Violence Prevention Project
- Department of Social Services
- Rural Law Center


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Ta da! And there it is, my finished Kaleidoscope quilt! I'm so happy to have finished this quilt off, and I'm so happy to have sewn it up with so many quilt-alongers. I'm still blown away by the sheer number of people who have gotten involved with this quilt-along, and I love all of the different interpretations I've seen of the kaleidoscope through this quilt along. If you're looking for the final installment of the quilt-along instructions, with backing, quilting, and binding information here.
The fabrics in this quilt are so cheerful and happy, I'm glad I chose them. I used a variety of the DS Quilts Picnic & Fairground collections, along with two additional prints to round out the quilt, and I used a DS Quilts green gingham fabric for the binding.
I keep vowing to try new methods of free-motion quilting, so for this quilt, I went with a loopy style, which I've only done once before on a doll quilt. I enjoyed it, but not in the same way that I enjoy my usual meandering stipple. I'm glad I tried something new, though, and my 3-year old says it looks like the path of a bee, like you'd see in a picture book.
The back of this quilt was a lot of fun to put together - I used up the scraps from the front of the quilt, sewed them up into a 16" wide strip and added two cuts of one other print from the quilt for a nice, pieced back.
Need a new project? The Kaleidoscope Quilt Along has wrapped up, but you can follow along with any of the posts to join in at your own pace! Hop on over to Flickr and join the group to share your progress!
6/23 - Let's start cutting and planning our blocks!
6/30 - Piecing the Kaleidoscope triangles
7/7 - Adding your neutral triangles and finishing your blocks
7/14 - Assembling your blocks into a beautiful quilt top
7/21 - Final wrap-up and linky - link up your finished QA quilt and enter to win a giveaway for all who finish by 8/5/11 at midnight EST!


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Hi, I wrote a couple weeks ago about drop in supply and got some good suggestions' from Mommal, I believe. I am pumping and nursing but also have to formula feed some. My supply did rebound and I get about 20 oz/ day pumping. For the last couple weeks, I've only been able to nurse once, on average as my daughter only nurses well first thing in the morning. She is wide awake, so I don't know if you would call it a dream feed.
When I offer at other times of day, her behavior is odd, but I don't know what she is trying to communicate. She tends to arch away and if I continue to offer, she has even become distressed, even though she is clearly hungry. She avoids eye contact but will smile and look at me if I say her name or sing or something. Today the phone rang while this exchange was happening and it was like it interrupted her resistance and she latched for a minute, then remembered? And got off. She wouldn't look at me then but was actually making sucking movements with her mouth.
This may be coincidence but she has been teething and I wonder if a bottle is more comfortable than bf? This may not explain the good am feed, though. I know she is communicating, just not sure what!


text:
Up to [cvs.NetBSD.org] / src / lib / libc / gen
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text: We are a team of two consisting of a designer and a developer who have a passion for simplicity and elegance in design. Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions with a theme purchase or any project you need help with. We are always here to help, and you're the reason we do what we do!


text:
Well what's it all about ?? I have some serious concerns as follows;
I see the so-called cult of Individualism is obviously opposed to good things such as "community" and empathy between humans
and allied to nasty things like selfcentredness & aggressive western orientalistic imperialism (grr boo hiss etc.)
yet at the same time...
i have this fierce kneejerk sense of individualism that seems somehow wired up to my own self-respect... is it becos i am an institutionalised konsumerist clone - product as i am of the dredded thatcher generation (shivers down spine)?
or is it just an illusion created by longterm exposure to brain-rotting late 20thC western media? is it that being an 'individual' is the ultimate cosy conformity ??
....maybe that's not really so very deep at all,
but could someone pls explain cos this whole ego ego ego thing does my head in...
....while i nip off & read the theism thread,


text:
The 5 Top Valentines Survival Tips for Singles
When I was single, I used to hate Valentines Day so much, that I would call it 'Singles Awareness Day'....why?...because if you're single and its Valentines Day, you are REALLY aware of being single! It can be a bit of a downer seeing all those red roses flying about the place....couples off for dinner together.
And so, if you're single Valentines Day doesn't have to be a day filled with envy and loneliness...instead it can be fun.
Here's my top 5 tips for making Valentines Day special for singles.
1. Remind a friend that they are loved. There's no better way to get yourself out of the Valentines Day blues than to make a friend feel special. Make a phone call....say hi...there's always someone who has the blues, especially on the day of 'love'...bake them a cake or if youre like me..buy one!...share it together over a coffee, or glass of bubbles!
2. Send yourself some flowers....only you know the flowers that you love the best. Put them next to your bed at home...or in the bathroom! Brighten up your day...you deserve it.
3. Love the past. When you get home on Thursday night, pop your feet up, pour a glass of bubbles and raise your glass to the past...reflect on all the positive experiences that have shaped your past. Smile, be positive and look forward to more great things!
4. Love yourself! Pamper....ah, the home pamper...lunch time on Thursday, grab your favourite hair treatment, select a new nail colour, face mask, essential oil blend...all the things that make you feel pampered so when you get home youre ready to indulge. Relax, pamper and give yourself the time and attention that you deserve.
5. Share the love...invite your single friends over. Ask everyone to bring their favourite food....put it all out to share....be sure to have some bubbles handy too. Laugh, keep it light and enjoy the love and fun that only friendship can bring!
Looking for something completely different and unique for your Valentine this year?
Most usually wouldn't equate romantic gift giving with horses, Deborah Harry or ornate French Candlesticks...but hey...we never have actually thought inside the square, and understanding the frustration of trying to dazzle your loved one with a box of chocolates or the usual red roses....well, it can all be a bit blahhhhhh.... So, here's some Valentines Day gift giving ideas for those of you who really want to ramp things up in the love department.
Lovers of Blondie or Deborah Harry will love this personally signed print by the artist Emma Sheldrake....only one in stock.
These French inspired ornate antique gold Candlesticks in 2 sizes are the epitomy of romance and style....I know what I would be asking for if I had the choice between these and roses....?
Create romantic mood on the night and forever with these large glass lanterns which look stunning on a table, bathroom...or wherever you want to keep the light soft and romantic. And if it's candles you want to give, we also have a large range of silver candle holders, perfect for the smaller spaces.
Well thought out gifts are always appreciated and equine lovers will adore our range of carved horses. We have one antique horse left and other styles available.
Pop into the showroom at 59 Doggett St. Newstead before Thursday. We will be happy to show you all the gift ideas we have ready for immediate purchase.
We couldn't find Jen for a meeting this week....guess where we found her? Possibly the most comfortable day bed ever and gives a wonderfully elegant spin on the standard boring old 'bali style' day bed.
Our antique, intrically hand carved Indian doors are huge! Come and check them out....they're magestically placed behind Caths desk...trust me..you wont miss them!
Carved wooden boot moulds.
Our old wooden Antique pillars have beautiful hand carved detailing.
Now available in a range of sizes and timber colours, our wooden busts are perfect for that space that needs something a little different.
The Gasworks end of Doggett St, is changing at a rate of knots...one minute the bridesmaid to James Street and quickly becoming the Belle of the Ball...we are now a very vibrant and happening 'place to be'.
We are excited about new kid on the block, Locale/Kitchen Angel which has just opened up on the corner of Doggett and Commercial Road...its a hop, skip and a jump from Charcoal Interiors.
We have a new kitchen going into the showroom (see below) and havent been able to make a coffee or lunch....soooo its been a good opportunity to try out the fare from Locale.
Laura and Mario Cali not only have a buzzing cafe (Locale) sating the locals with Di Bella coffee, assorted Paninis, cakes, biscuits and loads more, they also have a thriving business within a business, being Kitchen Angel. Like me and really, really bad at baking?...cant be bothered with all the preparations but still wanting to dazzle your friends?...then Kitchen Angel is your new best friend.
Designed to save you time whilst using the best ingredients and following traditional Italian recipes Kitchen Angel allows you to produce quality desserts with limited effort...everything you need to create divine delicacies at home...and all are preservative, gluten and dairy free!
Well worth the sticky beak and offering you quality, traditional fare and service, we give these guys the big thumbs up and feel lucky to have them so close to the showroom...not only for our own selfish reasons but for our clients too.
Pop by Locale and Kitchen Angel during your next visit to Charcoal Interiors.
3/50 Commercial Road.
Not super exciting now...but wait til next week when its all in!
Stay tuned and watch this space for all the details....you can have one just like it!
It's not surprising that many bartenders have claimed they created the Margarita, one of the worlds most famous cocktails. Carlos Herrera's case is certainly of of the the most colourful. In the late 1930's American showgirl Marjorie King was a regular customer at Herrera's Bar in Mexico. Marjorie was allergic to all spirits apart from tequila, and because she refused to drink it straight, Danny struggled to serve her. One night he came up with the idea of blending tequila and Cointreau with fresh lime juice and crushed ice, a concoction he dubbed "Margarita", the Mexican version of Marjorie!
120ml pomegranate juice
Splash of Grenadine for added colour (optional)
28ml freshly squeezed lime juice, plus extra for dipping
Fine or coarse sea salt
14ml Triple Sec
28ml Tequila
Pomegranate seeds
Pour the pomegranate juice (and Grenadine if using) into a shallow container and freeze until ice crystals form. Dip the rim of a cocktail glass in lime juice and then into salt until it is evenly coated. Break up the frozen pomegranate juice until it is slushy. Place in a cocktail shaker with 28ml lime juice, the Triple Sec and tequila. Shake vigorously and strain into the glass. Float a few pomegranate seeds in a drink and serve.
Voila!....enjoy and sip slowly whilst watching Django when it comes out on dvd!
credit Kevin H via flickr
OK, I'm speaking to the ladies here...is it not enough that we look fabulous on Valentines Day, let alone have to come up with something amazing for dessert?...Hello...we should be dessert enough! But, I suppose as a pleasant prequel to all things promising, it is nice to have a dessert to finish things off...or start things up perhaps? Oh that's enough!...
And, so here's possibly the easiest dessert ever....other than plopping a scoop of icecream in a bowl...but thats not very romantic is it?
A punnet of fresh strawberries.
Dark Chocolate for melting
Wooden Skewers
Wash the strawberries. Skewer them in groups of 4 to 5.
Melt your chocolate...I do mine in the microwave...just be sure to keep an eye on it.
Drizzle the melted chocolate over the strawberries, holding them up vertically so the chocolate cascades down.
Variations: Roll in crushed nuts like pistachio after you've drizzled with chocolate.
Credit via -mrsraggle- flickr
We look forward to seeing in the showroom soon!
Until next week...Love, Light and Laughter!
The Charcoal Team


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Canadian Politician: You're Either In Favor Of Letting The Gov't Spy On Your Internet Usage... Or You're For Child Pornography
from the kicking-puppies dept
This is beyond ridiculous, and an incredibly cynical political move that assumes that people are stupid. These kinds of arguments may have worked in the past, but I'm increasingly skeptical that they'll continue to work in the future. More and more people are learning about the details of these kinds of bills, and making ridiculous claims and false dilemmas won't cut it, and only call more attention to the ridiculousness of what's actually in the bill.
And, thankfully, some of that pushback comes in the form of people openly mocking such ridiculous claims. Smith points to an amusing response from Lukas Neville: "You can stand with false dilemmas, or you can stand with kicking puppies." Count me in for kicking puppies.


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The name Miley...
Posted 12 May 2008 - 03:43 PM
Posted 12 May 2008 - 03:58 PM
Posted 12 May 2008 - 04:06 PM
Posted 12 May 2008 - 04:52 PM
Posted 12 May 2008 - 09:16 PM
I also think that Miley will have her pinned with a generational name. Years from now people will hear the name Miley and think, "Oh, she's one of those girls. Her parents must have been big Milry Cyrus fans back in the day."
Posted 12 May 2008 - 09:45 PM
Posted 12 May 2008 - 10:10 PM
Posted 13 May 2008 - 06:47 AM
As a nickname it is useable. It would work for
Camilla but it isnt my style.. but I can understand
your daughter liking it. I have two young girls who
adore Hannah Montana.
Posted 13 May 2008 - 08:31 PM
Posted 14 May 2008 - 04:41 PM
This, to me, is so unbelievable, yet somewhat predictable. Miley has come out of nowheres and is ranked #278. Holy moly! Isabella is really happy, because this is her girl name choice at the moment. (she's a huge Hannah Montana fan) So, what do you think of the name Miley? And, would it be a good nn for Camilla?
I like the name Miley, it's cute. Can't use it because of "Miley Cyrus" I say that name in quotes because her first name isn't actually Miley...it was a clever name change for professional reasons.
Posted 17 May 2008 - 08:25 AM
Posted 18 June 2008 - 03:56 PM
Posted 18 June 2008 - 04:31 PM
Posted 19 June 2008 - 07:20 AM
Actually, when she was little, her family called her Smiley (her real name is Destiny Hope...I watch too many talk shows:blush:). And I can only assume it evolved to Miley through baby talk, which is obviously the best way to come up with a name. And I think it's a dumb name. Cute when the kid is still doing the whole baby talk thing, but once it's over, you just look stupid.
Her given name *was* Destiny Hope Cyrus, but she did legally change it to Miley Ray Cyrus earlier this year, I believe. (http://www.usatoday....me-change_N.htm). I think you're right about Miley evolving from Smiley through baby talk, though. I also agree that though Smiley was a cute nn, it should've stayed that... a nn. Even Miley would've been an alright nn, just because of her baby talk or whatever. As a legal name, I find it laughable. (Also, the article I referenced says that Billy Ray called her 'Smiley Miley', but I've heard other places that it was just Smiley which morphed into Miley... which would make more sense because where would Miley have come from otherwise? Haha.)
Posted 19 June 2008 - 09:41 AM
i agree with you lexii, i thought i was the only one who thought she was a bad singer!
HERE HERE!! I'm the only one of my friends that wants to cry when shes on the radio!!
Posted 20 June 2008 - 06:14 AM
HERE HERE!! I'm the only one of my friends that wants to cry when shes on the radio!!
Oh, I feel the exact same way ... I don't like her one bit.
Too bad my boyfriend thinks she's awesome . . . . hah.
Posted 20 June 2008 - 07:05 AM
Posted 23 June 2008 - 05:08 PM
Posted 24 June 2008 - 10:22 PM
And actually Smiley was shortened to Miley.
Posted 07 July 2008 - 08:05 PM
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text:
Two officers went to the high school student's home today around 4:30pm -- where they spoke with the girl's mother about her daughter's alleged Twitter relationship with the Congressman ... this according to FoxNews.com.
According to the website, the girl followed Weiner on Twitter after she saw him speak at her school on April 1st -- and Weiner messaged her soon after.
It's unclear what he messaged her or how long the online relationship lasted -- but the girl tells Fox, "I'm doing okay."
If it already isn't over the top my guess it soon will be. Where there's smoke, there's fire. It's just a matter of time before something sordid is uncovered. His days as a politician are numbered.....
Workin my way to Trump status
lol this keeps getting crazier. i know all this was done online and no cheating happened in real life, but an elected public servant needs to know they cannot behave this way. maybe all the messages with this girl was about having a good time at the speech, but we don't know. weiner, stick with your wife when talking dirty from now on.
nebraska blonde
Time to resign and go into rehab you sicko!


text:
EU, Mexico & Switzerland Will Not Sign ACTA This Weekend, Despite The 'Signing Ceremony'
from the a-brief-reprieve dept
Thankfully, the EU Commission agrees... and has now said that it will not be signing ACTA this weekend, and also saying that Mexico and Switzerland have also said they won't sign... yet:
"The EU has not yet completed its internal procedures authorising the signature, therefore it will not be signing ACTA at this event," the Commission spokesperson said in a statement. "Neither will Mexico and Switzerland, since they did not conclude their domestic proceedings."Of course, this is not a complete rejection of ACTA, but it is a reprieve. It also sounds as though all the other countries listed will be signing, including the US, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Korea, Morocco and Singapore. That's a pretty bold move by the Obama administration, considering the evidence that signing ACTA in this manner without Senate approval is unconstitutional. I guess actually expecting the president to follow the Constitution is only important when you're not in office. Once you get there, all bets are off...
"For the EU, the domestic process for signature is that the Council [of Ministers] adopts a decision authorising a EU representative to sign ACTA. Since this required the translation of the treaty in all the EU languages, such decision has not yet been adopted. It may still require a couple of months for the EU to be able to sign ACTA. After the signature, the European Parliament will have to vote its consent of ACTA,"


text:
The Bisons doubles team of Daniel Hangstefer and Mario Hernandez beat Federico Levi and Marc Misanovic 8-6 in the first double match, but North Florida came back to win the next two and take the doubles point.
In singles play five of the six matches were decided in three sets.
This match was tough," said Bisons coach Andrew Harris. "I give the credit to our guys for fighting through the adversity.
"Unfortunately, we came up short, UNF made the shots in the shots in those third sets when they had to. This match will serve us well down the road as we head to Florida."
Hangstefer/Hernandez (LU) def. Levi/Masnovic (UNF), 8-6
Gathlier/Chiaretti (UNF) def. Murell/Pierron (LU), 8-6
Song/Edgar (UNF) def. McArdle/Mizell (LU), 8-2
1. Federico Levi (UNF) def. Joe McArdle (LU), 6-4, 6-3
2. Sung (UNF) def. Chad Pierron (LU), 6-1, 6-7 (8), 7-6 (5)
3. Marcus Chiaretti (UNF) def. Daniel Hangstefer (LU), 6-3, 4-6, 7-6 (4)
4. Marc Misanovic (UNF) def. Bruno Melibeu (LU), 3-6, 7-5, 6-3
5. Kurt Gattiker (UNF) def. James Murrell (LU), 4-6, 6-3, 6-4
6. Graham Edgar (UNF) def. Mario Hernandez (LU), 4-6-, 6-3, 11-9


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Season's Greetings: "Bizzness Nooze!" 4thQuarter 2014
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INTRO: GZA is one of the most influential lyricists of our time. Serving as a figurehead for the Wu-Tang Clan on several multi-platinum releases and as the creator of one of the most critically praised albums of all time (Liquid Swords), GZA has proven time and time again that he is worthy of the tittle 'Genius'. As Wu-Tang Clan member Method Man attests, "... he's the head. Let's put it that way. We form like Voltron and GZA happens to be the head."
Throughout the years, GZA has remained exceptionally busy, tourgin the globe, releasing his sixth solo album ('Pro Tools') and appearing on various Wu-Tang releases. Look out for a brand new album this late spring of 2011 from the Genius titled 'Liquid Swords Part II - Return of the Shadow Boxer'
As one might have been expecting, coming this Tuesday the 19th of April is GZA aka the 'Genius". His much anticipated return to these shores will see him celebrate with a heavy dose of lyrical nostalgia. In what may be seen more as a career retrospective, we can expect to be treated with a whole range of material spanning from classic tracks from the legendary 1993 album, 'Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)', to his critically and commercially acclaimed album 'Liquid Swords' from 1995 to his latest release of 2008 'Pro Tools'. We can only hope that this time round, he will take it upon himself to wet our appetites by lifting the veil on his new material of the yet to be released Liquid Swords Part II - Return of the Shadow Boxer'. However, this may be a desperate cry on my behalf for the impossible but there seems little danger in some well placed hope of sorts.
If, by a freak of nature, anyone is still requiring further persuasion and a gentle if not firm push from behind, then here are some clips that should knock some sense into you once and for all.


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Awesome Stuff: Little Devices That Help You Out
from the make-it-work dept
- First up, we've got the Automatic Link, a tiny device that plugs into your car's dataport and provides data directly to your smartphone. They even make it into a bit of a game, with a weekly "drive score" that helps you drive smarter to save gas. It has a number of other features as well, including automatically dialing 911 if it senses a serious car accident, and also a car locator feature, so you can always find your car via your smartphone in case you forgot where you parked or if you're sharing your car with someone else.
This is another one that's not on Kickstarter, though it feels like it should be, but rather they're just taking pre-orders directly off their site, for $69.95 (and no service fees).
- Next up, we've got the HeatMeter, which is a creatively designed device to measure and track the heating usage in your home. There are tons of electricity meters on the market to measure how you use electricity, but heating is a different realm altogether. Most of the attempts to deal with this have been focused on various smart thermostats like the Nest, but the Heatmeter goes right to the source, by attaching to the outside of your furnace or boiler with magnets, and then its sensors actually can detect when the flame turns on and off, sending this bit of info over your home WiFi system to your phone. And, of course, you can track a bunch of info via your smartphone.
- Finally, we move away from those kinds of sensors to the myIDkey device for tracking all your passwords. This is a little USB dongle that combines voice activation, fingerprint scanning and secure access to all your passwords (it'll even generate secure ones for you). Oh yeah, and it works with your mobile devices via Bluetooth as well. And, if you lose the device, you can quickly deactivate it over the web -- and you can resync a new one via its online storage. The device has an OLED display that will show you the password once you've proven that you're you, and it can include a bit of additional info as well.


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Electrical contractors can take advantage of the home networking market by becoming trained as home technology integrators.
So the home automation craze didn't exactly pan out, and now you're looking to expand your business with a low-voltage application. Home networking could be the answer. Networked home automation systems connect a variety of residential subsystems like computer networks, telecommunications, entertainment, and security systems to each other and the Internet through a network application with a user-friendly interface. But although more than half of homeowners would prefer that an electrical contractor take on the task of connecting their residential subsystems, chances are they're only going to entrust certified, home technology integrator (HTI) professionals with the work. Electrical contractors, however, can take advantage of this market by training and becoming certified in this field. This article is the first in a 12-part series that will prepare you for CompTIA's HTI+ certification exams.
The home network integration process. Every home network installation consists of three phases: design and engineering, installation, and customer support. Each is critical to a project's success. During the design and engineering phase, you must gather requirements, complete your design and documentation, and then obtain the customer's approval to begin the project. The installation phase involves roughing in the cables, terminating all of the connections, and connecting and testing all of the components. An HTI professional will then provide customer support by training the homeowner on how to use the system and by being available for future service calls.
It's important to realize that the homeowner's requirements and desires guide the network's design and implementation. Your role as an HTI is to educate the homeowner on the available features and options of various home networking technologies.
As homeowners' knowledge base on home networking increases, so too will their longing for more networked systems and appliances (Fig. 1). That desire will be guided by the ease of use, reliability, scalability, and security of the available systems.
Applicable standards.
The primary standard that affects residential systems cabling infrastructure and the HTI is ANSI/TIA/EIA-570-A, "Residential Telecommunications Cabling." Standard 570-A was created to standardize the design and installation of residential telecommunications cabling for voice, data, multimedia, and other applications. The Table displays the telephone, television, data, and multimedia requirements for Grade 1 and 2 systems, as noted in ANSI/TIA/EIA-570-A.
The FCC oversees the manufacture, performance, installation, and operation of telecommunications systems installed in residences. Part 68 of the FCC Regulations was developed to assure consumers, manufacturers, and carriers that terminal equipment and wiring could be connected without degrading the network. It describes minimum requirements for the mechanical or physical properties of wiring devices, such as electrical performance, dimensional integrity, and material properties. Therefore, only equipment meeting FCC Part 68 standards may be connected to the network.
In addition, the FCC adopted CC Docket No. 88-57 in 2000, which set Cat. 3 cable as the new minimum quality standard for inside telephone wiring. The purpose of this change was to eliminate inferior cabling, which can cause crosstalk between telephone lines.
As with any installation that deals with electricity, home networking is also subject to the requirements of the 2002 NEC.
The HTI professional must also be familiar with a variety of rating systems for different types of cables used in home networks. The ISO/IEC Cable 11801 standard categorizes cable as follows:
Class A — up to 100 kHz
Class B — up to 1 MHz
Class C — up to 16 MHz
Class D — up to 100 MHz
Class E — up to 250 MHz
Class F — up to 600 MHz
Optical Class — optical fiber links are characterized up to 10 MHz and above.
As an HTI contractor, you should always have reference copies of all standards, codes, and regulations readily available on any project. Compliance with the following codes and regulations as well as individual manufacturer's recommendations will help to ensure a quality installation.
ANSI/TIA/EIA — 568-B, "Commercial Building Telecommunication Standard," 2001. This standard is broken into three parts that cover the overall cabling system and the system testing requirements for copper cable, components, and fiber optics.
ANSI/TIA/EIA — 568-A, "Commercial Building Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces," 1998. This standard explains the use of unshielded twisted pair cable and connecting hardware for high-speed LAN applications.
ANSI/TIA/EIA — 606, "Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings," 1993. This standard provides a uniform administration approach independent of applications, which can change several times throughout the life of a telecommunications infrastructure. It's intended to increase the value of the system owner's investment.
Understanding the basics of home networking is the first step in preparing yourself for entering the market; experience with low-voltage installations will even put you that much farther ahead of the pack. Regardless of your proficiency with the technology, though, the burgeoning popularity of the technology alone should be enough to convince you that it's a viable option for your contracting business.
Dusthimer is publisher of CISCO Learning Institute Press, York, Penn.
Sidebar: Market Grows by Leaps and Bounds
The home networking equipment market nearly quadrupled in size from $150 million in 1999 to $585 million by the end of 2001, according to In-Stat/MDR. That pace isn't predicted to slow down: Archi-Tech magazine forecasted in September 2001 that the number of networked homes in the United States would reach 1.7 billion in 2005, up from 650,000 in 2000, thanks in large part to the growth of high-speed Internet access (Fig. 2).
This market is ripe with opportunity for electrical contractors, who can now become certified as home technology integrators (HTI). CompTIA, in conjunction with the Internet Home Alliance and a cornerstone committee of Fortune 1000 companies, has developed a two-exam certification process. The material in this 12-part series is part of a 50-hr training program designed to prepare individuals to take the HTI+ certification exam. Over the next 12 months, the articles in this series will include excerpts from the HTI+ training program developed by the Cisco Learning Institute along with industry partners, Leviton Manufacturing, HAI, Premise, and BlueVolt. This program will prepare electrical contractors and their employees to capitalize on this new and financially rewarding segment of the field.
How to Sign Up For the Course
The articles in this series are taken from the only turnkey training program for the HTI+ professional offered by the Cisco Learning Institute. This Web-based, instructor-led course includes a heavy lab component based on industry standard components provided by Leviton Manufacturing, HAI, and Premise. Students who take the course will also receive three reference books published by Prentice Hall. The course is offered by contracted sites around the country and can take from 40 hr to 60 hr to complete, depending on the student's background. It's open to anyone and requires only a few prerequisites. Some knowledge of the electrical field is helpful but not required.
Once completed, this course will provide the background knowledge and preparation necessary to sit for the CompTIA HTI+ certification exams. For more information about the exams, visit www.comptia.org.
Visit http://www.ciscolearning.org/ to find a site near you. For questions about the program, e-mail the author at [email protected].


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Cougs Hold off Utes In Pullman
Que Johnson had 14 points and went 10 of 13 from the free throw line to help Washington State beat Utah 49-46 yesterday.
The Cougars (8-8, 1-3 Pac-12) came back from a 12 point deficit for their first Pac-12 win.
With 56 seconds on the clock, Delon Wright stole the ball from Johnson and went the length of the court for a dunk to pull the Utes within one, 47-46.
After an offensive foul on Johnson, Utah's Brandon Taylor traveled and put the ball back in the hands of Washington State.
The Utes (12-4, 1-3) were forced to foul and Johnson made a pair of free throws. Washington State fouled Delon Wright on the next play, but he missed both free throws. Wright had one more look at a three but missed short as time expired.
Utah shot a season-low 29.5 percent (13 of 44) from the field.


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The Advanced Backup settings allow you to further customize your profile by adding special features such as encryption, versioning and backup compression.
Synchronize my backup: BullGuard comes with a synchronization mode, which works in conjunction with the scheduled backup. By default, BullGuard will never delete files from your backup if they have been deleted from your computer.
However, the synchronization mode can help save space on the Online Drive by deleting old files you have deleted from your computer as well. This is especially useful if you use the backup to store your work files - this way you will only have the most recent versions on the backup drive, instead of older ones.
More info: will open a pop-up window containing additional information about this option.
If you accidentally delete a file from your computer and have "Synchronization mode" enabled, then when the scheduled backup begins, BullGuard will delete that file from the Online Drive as well.
Compress my backup: All the data from the online backup space will be compressed to use as little space as possible.
However, if you use this option, the files will not be directly accessible by browsing the online drive with Windows Explorer or Internet Explorer. If you access your backup drive often and need the files to be readily accessible, it is not recommended to use this option.
Encrypt my backup: By default, the transfer to our backup drive is encrypted to maximize the security of your data. However, by checking this option, the data put on our servers will be encrypted with a pass phrase that only you have access to.
With this option enabled, the files will not be directly accessible by browsing the online drive with Windows Explorer or Internet Explorer. This is not a recommended option if you frequently access your backup and only need to retrieve a few files when browsing the online drive with any browser.
If you accidentally forget the pass phrase, you won't be able to retrieve your files. BullGuard employees do not have access to your private encryption pass phrase which means we cannot reset it.
Keep several versions of my files: With this option enabled, you can have more backups of the same file on the online drive.
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Mojsze Kisielnicki
Born: 1895
Kaluszyn, Poland
Mojsze, his wife Raizel and their three children lived 35 miles east of Warsaw in the small, predominantly Jewish town of Kaluszyn. Mojsze had gone to Jewish schools and supported Zionist ideals. By the early 1930s, he owned a wholesale grocery store, a restaurant and a gas station, all of which were located on the heavily traveled main road.
1933-39: I'm at the World's Fair in Paris with my sister, Ruchel. She emigrated here in the 1920s with her husband, who owns a successful tailor shop. When I return to Kaluszyn, I'm going to talk to Raizel. Maybe we should think about moving here, too. Living standards are higher. On the other hand, I'm middle-aged, my business is thriving, and I'm a leader in the community, so how can I pull up roots now and start all over again?
1940-42: When German forces entered Kaluszyn in September 1939, our mayor chose me and several other Jewish residents for the Jewish council. We are responsible for supplying laborers and material goods to the occupying troops. One day the Germans want jewelry, the next, furniture. Now they want 150 men for forced labor in Biala Podlaska, 58 miles away. Can I convince them that they don't need so many men? How can I face these young men's parents?
Mojsze was shot to death by the Germans on September 21, 1942. Four days later, more than 3,000 Jews were deported from Kaluszyn to a killing center.


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|Sacramento, Calif.
|High School:
|St. Francis HS
|Sprint Freestyle/Breaststroke
2011-12: Posted season best times of 24.04 in the 50-yard freestyle and 1:04.16 in the 100-yard breaststroke at the MPSF Championships…Also attended the 2011 Arena Invitational where she set personal records in the 100 Freestyle (52.14) and in the 200 breaststroke (2:18.93) ranking her third in the event for the UCSB.
Attended St. Francis High School where she was coached by Kirk Johansen…As a junior and senior, she earned All-American, All-City and All-Delta River League honors…Set school and Delta River League records in the 50 free…Also set league records twice in both the 100 breast and 200 medley relay…Won the 2011 Sac-Joaquin Section title in the 100 breast…Earned consecutive section titles in the 200 medley relay and 400 free relay (2010 and 2011)…Helped the Troubadors to the 2010 and 2011 Delta River League Championships and Sac-Joaquin Section titles…Also competed in water polo, triathalon, martial arts, volleyball, basketball, and track and field…Swam club with Arden Hills Swimming under the tutelage of Johansen and Brian Nabeta.
Carissa Cayabyab Metcalf was born on Nov. 17, 1993 in Sacramento, Calif.…Parents are David Metcalf and Nancy Cayabyab-Metcalf…Aspires to work in the computer science field…Enjoys painting…Names "Breakfast Club" and "Million Dollar Baby" as her favorite films…Winning sections her senior year has gone down as her most memorable athletic achievement to date…Her personal hero is her Grandpa Chuck…Favorite aspect of college swimming is that it's a home away from home…Would like people to know she quarterbacked her powderpuff football team and that she can gallop like a horse.


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(16) FP1 Complex Numbers (Edexcel Further Pure Maths) - Argand Diagram parallelogram law
Please note: This playlist is taken from the Edexcel FP1 syllabus. The order, notation and methods used may differ to those you are studying. Please appreciate this prior to viweing any videos. Check with your teaching scheme of work for the depth, notation and order of study required for this topic. This is a superficial study of the topic.
Length: 04:01