text:
Study to Evaluate the Activity and Tolerability of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Lamivudine Bitherapy in HIV Patients With Viral Suppression (OLE)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01471821
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : November 16, 2011
Last Update Posted : July 29, 2014
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This is a prospective, open controlled trial in which HIV-1 with viral suppression patients will be randomized to continue with their current treatment (lopinavir/ritonavir plus emtricitabine or lamivudine plus any nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor) or to simplify to lopinavir/ritonavir plus lamivudine.
Randomization will be stratified according to the values of nadir CD4 and time of viral suppression.
|Condition or disease
|HIV Infection
|Drug: antiretroviral treatment
|Phase 4
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|250 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Study to Evaluate the Activity and Tolerability of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Lamivudine Bitherapy Instead of a Triple Therapy That Includes Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Lamivudine or Emtricitabine in HIV Patients With Viral Suppression: Controlled Clinical Trial, Open Label, Randomized, of 48 Weeks of Follow-up
|Study Start Date :
|October 2011
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|April 2014
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|April 2014
Experimental: simplification
Lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 BID) plus lamivudine (300 QD)
Drug: antiretroviral treatment
antiretroviral treatment
|Active Comparator: Continue with current treatment
Drug: antiretroviral treatment
antiretroviral treatment
- Proportion of patients with no treatment failure [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
- viral failure, defined as two viral loads above 50 copies/ml at least two weeks apart
- death
- developing new CDC-C events
- withdrawing consent
- being lost to follow-up
- switching assigned treatment for any cause
- Proportion of patients with no viral failure [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]defined as two viral loads above 50 copies/ml. Patients lost to follow-up or changing treatment will not be taken into account for this analysis
- Proportion of patients with no therapeutical failure [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]defined as in the primary outcome but with two viral loads above 400 copies/ml, not 50 as in the primary outcome.
- Proportion of patients with no viral failure [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]defined as two viral loads above 400 copies/ml
- Time to viral failure [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]Two different analysis will be carried out: with 50 copies/ml threshold and with 400 copies/ml threshold
- Proportion of patients with blips [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]Defined as one viral load above 50 and below 400 copies/ml with next viral load below 50 copies/ml
- Change from baseline CD4 [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
- Lipidic profile change from baseline [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
- Creatinine clearance change from baseline [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
- Proportion of patients with proximal tubular renal disfunction [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
- Lipodystrophy changes from baseline [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]evaluated using two questionnaires: lipoatrophy and fat accumulation
- Adherence to treatment [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
- Mortality and progression to AIDS [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
- Adverse events per treatment branch [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
- Proportion of patients switching study treatment due to an adverse event [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
- Proportion of serious adverse events related to treatment [ Time Frame: 48 weeks ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients of either sex (female or male) and 18 years or older.
- Patients seropositive for HIV-1 using standard diagnostic criteria.
- There is confirmation of viral load to be lower than 50 cop/ml during the 6 previous months to inclusion. The requirement is to have at least two viral loads lower than 50 cop/mL separated by 6 months and no one >50cop/mL during the 6 months before inclusion.
- Patients on continuous HAART consisting of LPV/r, emtricitabine (FTC) or 3TC (lamivudine) and an NRTI for at least 2 months before being randomized in this study.
- Patients who are clinically stable, in the opinion of the investigator, at entry into the study (clinical status and chronic medication must not have not been modified at least 14 days prior to randomization). Patients receiving therapy for an active opportunistic infection are eligible for enrollment if the above criteria are met. Standard prophylaxis of opportunistic infections is permitted.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Pregnancy, nursing, or planned pregnancy during the study period.
- Previous failure with regimens including a protease inhibitor (PI) or 3TC/FTC.
- Known resistance mutations to PIs or 3TC/FTC.
- Patients with an active opportunistic infection or malignancy. Patients with a stable chronic opportunistic infection may be included in the study.
- Any disease or history of disease which, in the opinion of the investigator, might confound the results of the study or pose additional risk to patient treatment.
- Patients diagnosed with visceral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), patients with lymphoedema secondary to cutaneous KS or cutaneous or palatine KS who have been treated with systemic immunosuppressive therapy must also be excluded.
- Patients with chronic hepatitis B on treatment with tenofovir + 3TC/FTC
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01471821
|Hospital Clínic i Provincial Barcelona
|Barcelona, Spain, 08036
|Hospital Universitario La Paz
|Madrid, Spain, 28046
|Principal Investigator:
|José Ramón Arribas, MD
|Hospital Uniuversitario La Paz
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|Responsible Party:
|Juan A. Arnaiz, Clinical Trial Manager, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01471821 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|November 16, 2011 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|July 29, 2014
|Last Verified:
|July 2014
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Immune System Diseases
Anti-Retroviral Agents
HIV Protease Inhibitors
Protease Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Anti-HIV Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors


text:
Another Lawsuit Questions Who Owns The Copyright On Legal Filings
from the fun-with-copyright dept
While I can understand that, technically, legal filings are most likely covered by copyright, I think there should be a clear exemption there. The entire purpose of copyright law is supposed to be to create incentives to create works and share them. But, in the case of legal filings, clearly copyright is not needed as an incentive for either creating the works or for sharing them. It seems preposterous to think that such documents should get copyright protection. Really, this is yet another of the ridiculous consequences of copyright law changes that made any type of work automatically covered by copyright. If there was a system that required registration of copyrights, I doubt many lawyers would be copyrighting their legal filings.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Mayim Bialik isn't the only child star turned outspoken celeb mom who starred in the '90s hit Blossom. Jenna von Oy, who played Six on the show and went on to become a country singer, has gotten vocal in the media this week -- but not about breastfeeding or attachment parenting. She's written a piece for People about the horrendous massacre in Newtown -- because it affected her in a "profoundly personal way."
That's because she grew up there. She graduated from Newtown High School, got married two years ago in a bed and breakfast on its Main Street, and recently had her daughter christened at St. Rose, where the vigil was held Friday evening. So, it's definitely not as though she's discussing the tragedy in an attempt to turn the spotlight on herself.
Instead, she's doing what she can to offer an insider's perspective and communicate her grief to all of those who were affected -- some who were friends of hers growing up, people she went to church or high school with.
Among the many touching, important thoughts she has on the nightmare her town is going through, Jenna writes:
My family still lives in Newtown and, in my heart of hearts, I still consider myself one of its residents. My attachment is deep-rooted. We are mourning the loss of some of our own this week, and it is a sobering reminder that violence does not discriminate. It can hit close to home.
Reporters have been trying to draw observations like Jenna's out of tons of Newtown residents. Sometimes it's been easy, other times it's been next to impossible, and we can't help but break down watching these poor families try to respond to questions they simply don't have the heart to answer at this moment.
Meanwhile, despite being deeply heartbroken and emotional by the tragedy herself, Jenna was somehow able to shed some light on what it's like to be from Newtown right now. And upon reading that she believes "the residents of Newtown will rise up with love and strength in the face of their suffering," we can believe her. After all, she should know. And that in itself is simply but truly comforting.
What do you make of Jenna von Oy's story?
Image via David Livingston/Getty


text: Seller: frantique2000 (12,162) 100%, Location: Yorkshire, Ships to: Worldwide, Item: 311906319786 It is made from vitreous enamel fused onto sheet steel. Heavy gauge - unlike modern versions this one can't be bent easily. Very durable. Made in 1970s. 4" high 6" wide. This is the real thing from a real house in real France. Not a copy, not made yesterday. From a house in Vendée. Around four thousand house numbers in stock at the last count - large, small, old, high, low, enamel, cast metal, bell metal, convex, flat, Danish, French, Australian, Japanese, German, Belgian, UK. Please let me know if this is not the number or style you require. But I have few numbers higher than #600. All numbers accurately described - I do not try and mislead customers by applying euphemisms such as "authentic" or "traditional" or "original" or "vintage" or "style" to pass off cheap repro items as the real thing. UK shipping free of charge. Elsewhere £6. PayPal, UK/GBP cheques or bank transfer. Please see my other listings if you like French signs and numbers. Condition: good for age - see pic, Type: Plaques/ Signs, Material: vitreous enamel on sheet steel, Style: traditional French, main colour: blue


text:
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View statistics on population, education, housing, transporation, income, employment, net worth, cost of living and climate.
Compare amenities such as public services, places of worship, recreation and leisure facilitles, shopping and restaurants.Get a report
How big is an acre? What is an option?
Do I need hazard insurance?
Take a look at our real estate glossary to learn definitions of common words and phrases used in the industry.
February is Best for Housing Bargains
Frigid temperatures and treacherous winter weather are here to stay a little while longer, since the groundhog Punxsutawney Phil saw his shadow this morning, signaling six more weeks of winter.


text:
Apple has released iOS 6.0.1, a bug fix revision, for iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. If you're using an iPhone 5, Apple has also released an Updated for iPhone 5 which will download and run before the iOS 6.0.1 update. Here's what Apple has to say:
This update contains improvements and bug fixes, including: - Fixes a bug that prevents iPhone 5 from installing software updates wirelessly over the air - Fixes a bug where horizontal lines may be displayed across the keyboard - Fixes an issue that could cause camera flash to not go off - Improves reliability of iPhone 5 and iPod touch (5th generation) when connected to encrypted WPA2 Wi-Fi networks - Resolves an issue that prevents iPhone from using the cellular network in some instances - Consolidated the Use Cellular Data switch for iTunes Match - Fixes a Passcode Lock bug which sometimes allowed access to Passbook pass details from lock screen - Fixes a bug affecting Exchange meetings
For information on the security content of this update, please visit this website: http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1222
You can update over-the-air (OTA), or you can update by connecting to iTunes and going old-school.


text:
Wallabies officials want review of 'unfair' appeal
- Image 1 of 3
- Image 2 of 3
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SYDNEY (AFP) – Wallabies officials are demanding a review of the legal process that left captain James Horwill "in complete and utter mental disarray", disrupting Australia's preparations for the series-deciding third Lions Test.
Australia Rugby Union (ARU) chief executive Bill Pulver accused the International Rugby Board (IRB) of overseeing a lengthy procedure that was at the very least "problematic".
"I simply have a problem with the double-jeopardy concept of being tried twice for essentially the same issue," Pulver said Wednesday.
"I'll be writing the IRB -- in fairness to the IRB they've operated well within the laws as defined -- I just think it needs to be reviewed and I would like to see it changed."
Horwill was Tuesday cleared of foul play for allegedly stamping on the head of Lions lock Alun Wyn Jones, which would have ruled him out of Saturday's series decider against the British and Irish Lions in Sydney.
The skipper, who shed tears after last weekend's 16-15 win over the tourists, had already been cleared once by a judicial officer the day after losing the first Test in Brisbane on June 22.
But he took the field for the second Test in Melbourne under a cloud, with the IRB challenging his acquittal in an unprecedented appeal.
Pulver said he was "uncomfortable with the process around that judicial review", describing the lengthy period between the initial allegation of stamping and Horwill's ultimate acquittal as "unacceptable leading into a Test match".
Independent appeal officer Graeme Mew dismissed the IRB challenge after a two-and-a-half-hour videoconference hearing from Toronto and nearly 12 hours of deliberation.
Canadian arbitrator Mew upheld the original decision, saying there had been "no misapprehension of law or principle" proven and no evidence that the (first) acquittal was unreasonable.
Mew said the IRB appeal had been appropriate to safeguard player welfare and protect rugby's image and reputation.
But Pulver said the "drawn-out saga" had left Horwill "in complete and utter mental disarray".
"Proof of that was the image of James on his knees at the end of the (second Test) match (in Melbourne on Saturday)," he said.
"The process is inappropriate, and the trauma and anxiety it caused the player is completely unfair."
Horwill put on a brave face on Tuesday, saying: "I feel very vindicated by the way that it's gone."
He called both hearings "incredibly fair and thorough".
The ARU noted that the IRB had never before intervened to overturn a not guilty verdict against a player.
Australia's Rugby Union Players' Association (RUPA) welcomed the ruling, saying it had been surprised and disappointed at the IRB's appeal, which it described as a "dangerous precedent" with questionable motives.
A unanimous vote at the IRB council a year ago gave the governing body the right to appeal decisions made by disciplinary hearings.


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Nov. 30, 2003
In their first ever Sweet 16 appearance in NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Championships, the UC Santa Barbara men's soccer team had its remarkable season come to an end with a 3-2 double-overtime loss as St. Johns. The Gauchos, who end their year at 16-5-1, took and early lead and where then forced to come from behind before ultimately losing the match with 4:02 in the second sudden-victory overtime period.
UCSB got on the board in the seventh minute of action at Belson Stadium, when senior midfielder David McGill slipped through a lead pass to senior forward Neil Jones from the right side. Jones took a couple of touches on the ball and hit a low-liner across the frame of the net and past Red Storm goalkeeper Bill Gaudette, just inside the left goalpost for the first goal of the match.
The Gauchos continued to dictate the pace and intensity of match for the next 25-30 minutes until the Red Storm's Ryan Kelly tied it up in the 40th minute when he one-timed a Chris Leidner cross that beat UCSB keeper Danny Kennedy top shelf and to his left. Kennedy finished the match with five saves, in addition to his superb play coming off of his line.
It appeared as if the Gauchos for going to enter halftime with a 2-1 lead, when senior midfielder Matt Kubota burried a Tony Lochhead corner kick that had bounced out to the top of the box. Kubota's goal however was disallowed due to a situtation that occured in the timekeeping in the match. In a miscommunication between the officials and the timekeeper, when play was resumed after the referee stopped the clock with three seconds remaining, Kubota netted his shot before time had expired, or was signalled to have expired.
St. John's, capitalizing on their momentum left over from the first period, scored their go ahead goal just three minutes into the second half when the Storm's Simone Salinno netted his 13th goal of the season.
Still continuing to apply pressure to SJU, UCSB's Drew McAthy knotted the score at 2-2 in the 73rd minute, relighting the Gauchos' hopes at advancing to the elite eight. McAthy's team and Big West leading 14th goal of the season was the result of another outstanding play on the right side by McGill. After collecting a loose ball from inside the Red Storm's goal box, McGill fired in a cross to the back post where McAthy was waiting. McAthy sliced throught the SJU defense and headed in the game-tying goal into the lower-left corner.
Both teams battled for the remaining 15 minutes of regulation time, sending the match into overtime in the cold and windy conditions. UCSB and St. John's both had opportunities in the first overtime period, but SJU managed to connect first with just over four minutes until penalty kicks would have had to have been used to decide the outcome of the match. It was the Red Storm's Ryan Kelly once again who found the back of the net for SJU, finishing off a Brian Morris cross into the lower left corner for the golden goal and a berth into the Elite Eight.
The loss ended the one of the Gauchos' best seasons ever at 16-5-1, matching the second most wins ever by a squad at UCSB. The match marked the end of the collegiate careers of four-year letterwinners Matt Kubota, Darren Doi, and Gene Deering, as well as transfers David McGill and Memo Arzate, quite possibly one of the deadliest midfield duos NCAA men's soccer has ever seen.


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Multiservice Access Technologies
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Multiservice networking is emerging as a strategically important issue for enterprise and public service provider infrastructures alike. The proposition of multiservice networking is the combination of all types of communications, all types of data, voice, and video over a single packet-cell-based infrastructure. The benefits of multiservice networking are reduced operational costs, higher performance, greater flexibility, integration and control, and faster new application and service deployment.
Multiservice networking is emerging as a strategically important issue for enterprise and public service provider infrastructures alike. The proposition of multiservice networking is the combination of all types of communications, all types of data, voice, and video over a single packet-cell-based infrastructure. The benefits of multiservice networking are reduced operational costs, higher performance, greater flexibility, integration and control, and faster new application and service deployment.
Latest revision as of 21:15, 16 October 2012
Multiservice networking is emerging as a strategically important issue for enterprise and public service provider infrastructures alike. The proposition of multiservice networking is the combination of all types of communications, all types of data, voice, and video over a single packet-cell-based infrastructure. The benefits of multiservice networking are reduced operational costs, higher performance, greater flexibility, integration and control, and faster new application and service deployment.
A key issue often confused in multiservice networking is the degree to which Layer 2 switching and services are mixed with Layer 3 switching and services. An intelligent multiservice network fully integrates both, taking advantage of the best of each; most multiservice offerings in the marketplace are primarily Layer 2 based, from traditional circuit switching technology suppliers.
The Importance of Voice over IP
Of the key emerging technologies for data, voice, and video integration, voice over IP (Internet Protocol) is arguably very important. The most quality of service (QoS) sensitive of all traffic, voice is the true test of the engineering and quality of a network. Demand for Voice over IP is leading the movement for QoS in IP environments, and will ultimately lead to use of the Internet for fax, voice telephony, and video telephony services. Voice over IP will ultimately be a key component of the migration of telephony to the LAN infrastructure.
Significant advances in technology have been made over the past few years that enable the transmission of voice traffic over traditional public networks such as Frame Relay (Voice over Frame Relay) as well as Voice over the Internet through the efforts of the Voice over IP Forum and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Additionally, the support of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) for different traffic types and the ATM Forum's recent completion of the Voice and Telephony over ATM specification will quicken the availability of industry-standard solutions.
Packet Voice
All packet voice systems follow a common model, as shown in Figure 18-1. The packet voice transport network, which may be IP based, Frame Relay, or ATM, forms the traditional "cloud." At the edges of this network are devices or components that can be called voice agents. It is the mission of these devices to change the voice information from its traditional telephony form to a form suitable for packet transmission. The network then forwards the packet data to a voice agent serving the destination or called party.
Figure: Packet voice model displays the packet voice model.
Figure: Packet voice model
This voice agent connection model shows that there are two issues in packet voice networking that must be explored to ensure that packet voice services meet user needs. The first issue is voice coding-how voice information is transformed into packets, and how the packets are used to re-create the voice. Another issue is the signaling associated with identifying who the calling party is trying to call and where the called party is in the network.
Packet Voice Transport
Integrating voice and data networks should include an evaluation of these three packet voice transport technologies:
- Voice over ATM (VoATM)
- Voice over Frame Relay (VoFR)
- Voice over IP (VoIP)
There are two basic models for integrating voice over data-transport and translate-as shown in Figure: Two basic models for transporting over a data network. Transport is the transparent support of voice over the existing data network. Simulation of tie lines over ATM using circuit emulation is a good example.
Figure: Two basic models for transporting over a data network
Translate is the translation of traditional voice functions by the data infrastructure. An example is the interpretation of voice signaling and the creation of switched virtual circuits (SVCs) within ATM. Translate networking is more complex than transport networking, and its implementation is a current topic for many of the standards committees.
Voice over ATM
The ATM Forum and the ITU have specified different classes of services to represent different possible traffic types for VoATM.
Designed primarily for voice communications, constant bit rate (CBR) and variable bit rate (VBR) classes have provisions for passing real-time traffic and are suitable for guaranteeing a certain level of service. CBR, in particular, allows the amount of bandwidth, end-to-end delay, and delay variation to be specified during the call setup.
Designed principally for bursty traffic, unspecified bit rate (UBR) and available bit rate (ABR) are more suitable for data applications. UBR, in particular, makes no guarantees about the delivery of the data traffic.
The method of transporting voice channels through an ATM network is dependent on the nature of the traffic. Different ATM adaptation types have been developed for different traffic types, each with its benefits and detriments. ATM Adaptation Layer 1 (AAL1) is the most common adaptation layer used with CBR services.
Unstructured AAL1 takes a continuous bit stream and places it within ATM cells. This is a common method of supporting a full E1 byte stream from end to end. The problem with this approach is that a full E1 may be sent, regardless of the actual number of voice channels in use. (An EI is a wide-area digital transmission scheme used predominantly in Europe that carries data at a rate of 2.048 Mbps.)
Structured AAL1 contains a pointer in the payload that allows the digital signal level 0 (DS0) structure to be maintained in subsequent cells. This allows network efficiencies to be gained by not using bandwidth for unused DS0s. (A DS0 is a framing specification used in transmitting digital signals over a single channel at 64 kbps on a T1 facility.)
The remapping option allows the ATM network to terminate structured AAL1 cells and remap DS0s to the proper destinations. This eliminates the need for permanent virtual circuits (PVCs) between every possible source/destination combination. The major difference from the above approach is that a PVC is not built across the network from edge to edge.
VoATM Signaling
Figure: The VoATM signaling transport model describes the transport method, in which voice signaling is carried through the network transparently. PVCs are created for both signaling and voice transport. First, a signaling message is carried transparently over the signaling PVC from end station to end station. Second, coordination between the end systems allow the selection of a PVC to carry the voice communication between end stations.
Figure: The VoATM signaling transport model
At no time is the ATM network participating in the interpretation of the signaling that takes place between end stations. However, as a value-added feature, some products are capable of understanding channel associated signaling (CAS) and can prevent the sending of empty voice cells when the end stations are on-hook.
Figure: The VoATM signaling translate model shows the translate model. In this model, the ATM network interprets the signaling from both non-ATM and ATM network devices. PVCs are created between the end stations and the ATM network. This contrasts with the previous model, in which the PVCs are carried transparently across the network.
Figure: The VoATM signaling translate model
A signaling request from an end station causes the ATM network to create an SVC with the appropriate QoS to the desired end station. The creation of an SVC versus the prior establishment of PVCs is clearly more advantageous for three reasons:
- SVCs are more efficient users of bandwidth than PVCs.
- QoS for connections do not need to be constant, as with PVCs.
- The ability to switch calls within the network can lead to the elimination of the tandem private branch exchange (PBX) and potentially the edge PBX. (A PBX is a digital or analog telephone switchboard located on the subscriber premises and used to connect private and public telephone networks.)
VoATM Addressing
ATM standards support both private and public addressing schemes. Both schemes involve addresses that are 20 bytes in length (shown in Figure: ATM supports a 20-byte addressing format).
Figure: ATM supports a 20-byte addressing format
The Authority and Format Identifier (AFI) identifies the particular addressing format employed. Three identifiers are currently specified: data country code (DCC), international code designator (ICD), and E.164. Each is administered by a standards body. The second part of the address is the initial domain identifier (IDI). This address uniquely identifies the customer's network. The E.164 scheme has a longer IDI that corresponds to the 15-digit ISDN network number. The final portion, the domain-specific part (DSP), identifies logical groupings and ATM end stations.
In a transport model you don't need to be aware of the underlying addressing used by the voice network. However, in the translate model, the ability to communicate from a non-ATM network device to an ATM network device implies a level of address mapping. Fortunately, ATM supports the E.164 addressing scheme, which is employed by telephone networks throughout the world.
VoATM Routing
ATM uses a private network-to-network interface (PNNI), a hierarchical link-state routing protocol that is scalable for global usage. In addition to determining reachability and routing within an ATM network, it is also capable of call setup.
A virtual circuit (VC) call request causes a connection with certain QoS requirements to be requested through the ATM network. The route through the network is determined by the source ATM switch based on what it determines is the best path through the network, based on the PNNI protocol and the QoS request. Each switch along the path is checked to determine whether it has the appropriate resources for the connection.
When the connection is established, voice traffic flows between end stations as if a leased line existed between the two. This specification spells out routing in private networks. Within carrier networks, the switch-to-switch protocol is B-ICI. Current research and development of integrated non-ATM and ATM routing will yield new capabilities to build translate level voice and ATM networks.
VoATM and Delay
ATM has several mechanisms for controlling delay and delay variation. The QoS capabilities of ATM allow the specific request of constant bit rate traffic with bandwidth and delay variation guarantees. The use of VC queues allows each traffic stream to be treated uniquely. Priority can be given for the transmission of voice traffic. The use of small, fixed-size cells reduces queuing delay and the delay variation associated with variable-sized packets.
Voice over Frame Relay
Voice over Frame Relay enables a network to carry live voice traffic (for example, telephone calls and faxes) over a Frame Relay network. Frame Relay is a common and inexpensive transport that is provided by most of the large telcos.
VoFR Signaling
Historically, Frame Relay call setup has been proprietary by vendor. This has meant that products from different vendors would not interoperate. Frame Relay Forum FRF.11 establishes a standard for call setup, coding types, and packet formats for VoFR, and will provide the basis for interoperability between vendors in the future.
VoFR Addressing
Address mapping is handled through static tables-dialed digits mapped to specific PVCs. How voice is routed depends on which routing protocol is chosen to establish PVCs and the hardware used in the Frame Relay network. Routing can be based on bandwidth limits, hops, delay, or some combination, but most routing implementations are based on maximizing bandwidth utilization.
The two extremes for designing a VoFR network are:
- A full mesh of voice and data PVCs to minimize the number of network transit hops and maximize the ability to establish different QoS. A network designed in this fashion minimizes delay and improves voice quality, but represents the highest network cost.
- Most Frame Relay providers charge based on the number of PVCs used. To reduce costs, both data and voice segments can be configured to use the same PVC, thereby reducing the number of PVCs required. In this design, the central site switch re-routes voice calls. This design has the potential of creating a transit hop when voice needs to go from one remote to another remote office. However, it avoids the compression and decompression that occurs when using a tandem PBX.
A number of mechanisms can minimize delay and delay variation on a Frame Relay network. The presence of long data frames on a low-speed Frame Relay link can cause unacceptable delays for time-sensitive voice frames. To reduce this problem, some vendors implement smaller frame sizes to help reduce delay and delay variation. FRF.12 proposes an industry standard approach to do this, so products from different vendors will be able to interoperate and consumers will know what type of voice quality to expect.
Voice over IP
VoIP's appeal is based on its capability to facilitate voice and data convergence at an application layer. Increasingly, VoIP is being seen as the ideal last-mile solution for cable, DSL, and wireless networks because it allows service providers to bundle their offerings.
VoIP also offers service providers the ability to provision standalone local loop bypass and long distance arbitrage services. To provide a VoIP solution, signaling, routing, and addressing must be addressed.
VoIP Signaling
VoIP signaling has three distinct areas: signaling from the PBX to the router, signaling between routers, and signaling from the router to the PBX. The corporate intranet appears as a trunk line to the PBX, which signals the corporate intranet to seize a trunk. Signaling from the PBX to the intranet may be any of the common signaling methods used to seize a trunk line, such as fax expansion module (FXS) or E&M signaling. In the future, digital signaling such as common channel signaling (CCS) or Q signaling (QSIG) will become available. The PBX then forwards the dialed digits to the router in the same manner in which the digits would be forwarded to a telco switch.
Methods for prioritizing voice frames over data frames also help reduce delay and delay variation. This, and the use of smaller frame sizes, are vendor-specific implementations. To ensure voice quality, the committed information rate (CIR) on each PVC should be set to ensure that voice frames are not discarded. Future Frame Relay networks will provide SVC signaling for call setup, and may also allow Frame Relay DTEs to request a QoS for a call. This will enhance VoFR quality in the future.
Within the router the dial plan mapper maps the dialed digits to an IP address and signals a Q.931 call establishment request to the remote peer that is indicated by the IP address. Meanwhile, the control channel is used to set up the Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP) audio streams, and the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is used to request a guaranteed QoS.
When the remote router receives the Q.931 call request, it signals a line seizure to the PBX. After the PBX acknowledges, the router forwards the dialed digits to the PBX and signals a call acknowledgment to the originating router.
In connectionless network architectures such as IP, the responsibility for session establishment and signaling is with the end stations. To successfully emulate voice services across an IP network, enhancements to the signaling stacks are required.
For example, an H.323 agent is added to the router for standards-based support of the audio and signaling streams. The Q.931 protocol is used for call establishment and teardown between H.323 agents or end stations. RTCP is used to establish the audio channels themselves. A reliable session-oriented protocol, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), is deployed between end stations to carry the signaling channels. Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP), which is built on top of User Datagram Protocol (UDP), is used for transport of the real-time audio stream. RTP uses UDP as a transport mechanism because it has lower delay than TCP and because actual voice traffic, unlike data traffic or signaling, tolerates low levels of loss and cannot effectively exploit retransmission.
Table: The ISO Reference Model and H.323 Standards depicts the relationship between the ISO reference model and the protocols used in IP voice agents.
Table: The ISO Reference Model and H.323 Standards
G.711,G.729, G.729a, G.726, G.728, G.723.1
RFC 1717 (PPP/ML), Frame, ATM, X.25, public IP networks (including the Internet), circuit-switched leased-line networks
VoIP Addressing
An existing corporate intranet should have an IP addressing plan in place. To the IP numbering scheme, the voice interfaces appear as additional IP hosts, either as an extension of the existing scheme or with new IP addresses.
Translation of dial digits from the PBX to an IP host address is performed by the dial plan mapper. The destination telephone number, or some portion of the number, is mapped to the destination IP address. When the number is received from the PBX, the router compares the number to those mapped in the routing table. If a match is found, the call is routed to the IP host. After the connection is established, the corporate intranet connection is transparent to the subscriber.
VoIP Routing
One of the strengths of IP is the maturity and sophistication of its routing protocols. A modern routing protocol, such as Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), is able to consider delay when calculating the best path. These are also fast converging routing protocols, which allow voice traffic to take advantage of the self-healing capabilities of IP networks. Advanced features, such as policy routing and access lists, make it possible to create highly sophisticated and secure routing schemes for voice traffic.
RSVP can be automatically invoked by VoIP gateways to ensure that voice traffic is able to use the best path through the network. This can include segments of arbitrary media, such as switched LANs or ATM networks. Some of the most interesting developments in IP routing are tag switching and other IP switching disciplines. Tag switching provides a way of extending IP routing, policy, and RSVP functionality over ATM and other high-speed transports. Another benefit of tag switching is its traffic engineering capabilities, which are needed for the efficient use of network resources. Traffic engineering can be used to shift traffic load based on different predicates, such as time of day.
VoIP and Delay
Routers and specifically IP networks offer some unique challenges in controlling delay and delay variation. Traditionally, IP traffic has been treated as "best effort," meaning that incoming IP traffic is allowed to be transmitted on a first-come, first-served basis. Packets have been variable in nature, allowing large file transfers to take advantage of the efficiency associated with larger packet sizes. These characteristics have contributed to large delays and large delay variations in packet delivery. RSVP allows network managers to reserve resources in the network by end station. The network manager can then allocate queues for different types of traffic, helping to reduce the delay and delay variation inherent in current IP networks.
The second part of supporting delay-sensitive voice traffic is to provide a means of prioritizing the traffic within the router network. RFC 1717 breaks down large packets into smaller packets at the link layer. This reduces the problems of queuing delay and delay variation by limiting the amount of time a voice packet must wait in order to gain access to the trunk.
Weighted fair queuing, or priority queuing, allows the network to put different traffic types into specific QoS queues. This is designed to prioritize the transmittal of voice traffic over data traffic. This reduces the potential of queuing delay.
Applying Packet Voice
In today's networking, there are several attractive alternatives both to conventional public telephony and to leased lines. Among the most interesting are networking technologies based on a different kind of voice transmission, called packet voice. Packet voice appears to a network as data; thus it can be transported over networks normally reserved for data, where costs are often far less than in voice networks. Packet voice uses less transmission bandwidth than conventional voice, so more can be carried on a given connection. Whereas telephony requires as much as 64,000 bits per second (bps), packet voice often needs less than 10,000 bps. For many companies, there is sufficient reserve capacity on national and international data networks to transport considerable voice traffic, making voice essentially free.
Packet voice networks can be used in two broad contexts, differentiated by geography or by the types of users to be served. The economics and technology of the network may be unaffected by these factors, but there may be legal constraints in some areas for some combinations of these two contexts, and network users or operators should be aware of them.
Telecommunications is regulated within countries by national administrations, or arms of the governments, based on local regulations. In some countries, such as the United States, there may be multiple levels of regulatory authority. In all cases, treaties define the international connection rules, rates, and so forth. It is important for any business planning to use or build a packet voice networkto ensure that it is operating in conformance with all laws and regulations in all the areas the network serves. This normally requires some direct research, but the current state of the regulations can be summarized as follows:
- Within a national administration or telephony jurisdiction, it is almost always proper for a business to employ packet voice to support its own voice calling among its own sites.
- In such applications, it is normally expected that some of the calls transported on the packet voice network will have originated in the public phone network. Such outside calling over packet voice is uniformly tolerated in a regulatory sense, on the basis that the calls are from employees, customers, or suppliers and represent the company's business.
- When a packet voice connection is made between national administrations to support the activities of a single company-to connect two or more company locations in multiple countries-the application is uniformly tolerated in a regulatory sense.
- In such a situation, an outside call placed from a public phone network in one country and terminated in a company site within another via packet voice may be a technical violation of national monopolies or treaties on long-distance service. Where such a call is between company employees or between employees and suppliers or customers, such a technical violation is unlikely to attract official notice.
- When a packet voice network is used to connect public calls within a company, the packet voice provider is technically providing a local or national telephone service and is subject to regulation as such.
- When a packet voice network is used to connect public calls between countries, the packet voice provider is subject to the national regulations in the countries involved and also to any treaty provisions for international calling to which any of the countries served are signatories.
Thus, it is safe to say that companies could employ packet voice networking for any applications where traditional leased-line, PBX-to-PBX networking could be legally employed. In fact, a good model for deploying packet voice without additional concerns about regulatory matters is to duplicate an existing PBX trunk network or tie-line network using packet voice facilities.


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Art theft is an complicated and ancient crime. When you look at the a few of the most popular cases of art thefts in history, you see completely prepared operations that include art dealers, art fakers, mobsters, ransoms, and millions of dollars. Here you can check out some of the most popular cases of art theft in the history.
The First Theft:
The first documented case of art theft remained in 1473, when 2 panels of altarpiece of the Last Judgment by the Dutch painter Hans Memling were stolen. While the triptych was being carried by ship from the Netherlands to Florence, the ship was attacked by pirates who took it to the Gdansk cathedral in Poland. Nowadays, the piece is revealed at the National Museum in Gdansk where it was recently moved from the Basilica of the Presumption.
One Of The Most Famous Theft:
The most well-known story of art theft involves one of the most well-known paintings worldwide and among the most popular artists in history as a suspect. In the night of August 21, 1911, the Mona Lisa was taken from the Louver. Right after, Pablo Picasso was detained and questioned by the cops, however was launched quickly.
It took about two years till the mystery was fixed by the Parisian authorities. It ended up that the 30 × 21 inch painting was taken by among the museum employees by the name of Vincenzo Peruggia, who just brought it concealed under his coat. Nonetheless, Peruggia did not work alone. The crime was thoroughly carried out by a infamous bilker, Eduardo de Valfierno, who was sent by an art faker who meant to make copies and offer them as if they were the initial painting.
While Yves Chaudron, the art faker, was hectic developing copies for the popular masterpiece, Mona Lisa was still hidden at Peruggias house. After two years where Peruggia did not speak with Chaudron, he attempted to make the finest from his taken excellent. Ultimately, Peruggia was caught by the authorities while aiming to sell the painting to an art dealer from Florence, Italy. The Mona Lisa was returned to the Louver in 1913.
The Most significant Theft in the USA:
The most significant art theft in United States happened https://myspace.com/kurtcriter at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. On the night of March 18, 1990, a group of burglars wearing authorities uniforms got into the museum and took thirteen paintings whose collective value was approximated at around 300 million dollars. The thieves took 2 paintings and one print by Rembrandt, and works of Vermeer, Manet, Degas, Govaert Flinck, along with a French and a Chinese artifact.
As of yet, none of the paintings have been found and the case is still unsolved. According to recent rumors, the FBI are investigating the possibility that the Boston Mob along with French art dealers are connected to the criminal activity.
The Scream:
The painting by Edvard Munchs, The Scream, is https://www.yelp.com/biz/kurt-criter-denver-2 probably the most searched for painting by art burglars in history. It has actually been taken two times and was only recently recuperated. In 1994, throughout the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway, The Scream was stolen from an Oslo gallery by 2 thieves who broke through an open window, triggered the alarm and left a note saying: thanks for the bad security.
Three months later on, the holders of the painting approached the Norwegian Federal government with an offer: 1 million dollars ransom for Edvard Munchs The Scream. The Government rejected the offer, however Kurt Criter the Norwegian authorities collaborated with the British Cops and the Getty Museum to organize a sting operation that revived the painting to where it belongs.
While Museum officials waiting for the thieves to request ransom money, rumors declared that both paintings were burned to hide evidence. Eventually, the Norwegian police discovered the 2 paintings on August 31, 2006 however the truths on how they were recovered are not known.
When you look at the some of the most well-known cases of art thefts in history, you see thoroughly planned operations that involve art dealerships, art fakers, mobsters, ransoms, and millions of dollars. The most popular story of art theft involves one of the most well-known paintings in the world and one of the most popular artists in history as a suspect. The criminal offense was carefully carried out by a well-known con male, Eduardo de Valfierno, who was sent out by an art faker who meant to make copies and sell them as if they were the original painting.
Eventually, Peruggia was captured by the police while attempting to sell the painting to an art dealer from Florence, Italy. The painting by Edvard Munchs, The Scream, is probably the most sought after painting by art thieves in history.


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Melges News - Australia
17 March 2011
More Melges Mania down under this month. Last weekend (5th – 6th March) Middle Harbour Yacht Club hosted the Audi Sydney Harbour Regatta. The Melges 24's and Melges 32's competed in the regatta as a lead up event to the Australian Championships later this week at the Royal Prince Alfred Yacht Club on Pittwater.
The race course was between North and South Head on Sydney Harbour. Breeze ranged over the weekend from 25 knots down to 5 knots in sloppy seas and shifting conditions. Sydney Harbour was like a washing machine with over two hundred entries all competing in their divisions for a chance at the AUDI car on offer.
In the M24 fleet Cameron Miles and crew on Roger That AUS 762 dominated the racing from the get go, four firsts, two seconds finishing seven points ahead of Warrick Rooklyn Bandit AUS 814. Consistency paid for Bandit who was unable to get a gun but finished three points in front of Western Australian boat Kaito skippered by Kim Nisbet, third place.
Team Amigos results could have been very different had the crew not taken a dip in Sydney harbour after a hiking line malfunction. Skipper Geoff Fogerty found himself a solo sailor mid race.
The Melges 24 Australian Championships sponsored by Gill Australia and North Sails from the 10-13 March are shaping up to be a massive battle of the boats.
Kaito the winning 2008 Australian Champion will have North Sails MD Michael Coxon calling the shots. Defending 2010 Champion Heath Walters will compete in No Comment AUS 746. Warwick Rooklyn NSW State Champion Bandit AUS 816 is keen to take the Australian Champion title prior to his Corpus Christi Worlds campaign. Cameron Miles Roger That AUS 762 staked his claim in the lead up event, he is also East Coast Champion and came a close second in the 2010 Championships. Added into the mix are several new boat owners including the first South Australian owner Gary Shanks looking to make their mark on the fleet.
The Melges 32's raced in the same race course as the M24's with a later start. After an exciting start to the first race in a 30 knot SE squall, Grant Robson and crew from Gosford Sailing club on Funnel Web took off down the first run, dodging and weaving through the harbour traffic only to have the high speed wipeout of the regatta resulting in a broken rudder. Kim Williams Rock n'Roll came in first place in the Super 30 AMS pointscore and Geoff Masters Jolt second place.
The Melges 32's will now all do the two hour sail up the coast along the Northern Beaches to Pittwater to compete in the inaugeral Melges 32 Australian Championships this week.
Racing is scheduled for the Championships off Palm Beach and inshore, forecast breeze 10-15 knots from the South/South East…………
Watch this space
-Tracey Walters


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IrascibleOne wrote:HOWEVER - please do not touch anything else. Those forms my look nice and done but they are not and if you do something while I am working on it and the whole database gets erased...well, shame on you.
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Satellite Spots 122 Possible Objects in Search
Malaysia Wednesday said a satellite has captured images of 122 objects in the Indian Ocean that might be from the missing airliner.
Defense Minister Hishammuddin Hussein says the objects were seen close to where three other satellites previously detected objects.
He said the sightings together are "the most credible lead that we have." Hishammuddin said the images were taken Sunday and were relayed by French-based Airbus Defense and Space.
Hishammuddin says the objects ranged in length from one meter (yard) to 23 meters (25 yards). Various floating objects have been spotted by planes and satellites, but none has been retrieved or identified
The desperate, multinational hunt for Flight 370 resumed Wednesday across a remote stretch of the Indian Ocean after fierce winds and high waves that had forced a daylong halt eased considerably.
A total of 12 planes and five ships from the United States, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand were participating in the search, hoping to find even a single piece of the Malaysia Airlines jet that could offer tangible evidence of a crash.
Malaysia announced earlier this week that a mathematical analysis of the final known satellite signals from the plane showed that it had crashed in the sea, taking the lives of all 239 people on board.
The new data greatly reduced the search zone, but it remains huge — an area estimated at 1.6 million square kilometers (622,000 square miles), about the size of Alaska.
"We're throwing everything we have at this search," Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott told Nine Network television on Wednesday.
"This is about the most inaccessible spot imaginable. It's thousands of kilometers from anywhere," he later told Seven Network television. He vowed that "we will do what we can to solve this riddle."
In Beijing, some families held out a glimmer of hope their loved ones might somehow have survived. About two-thirds of the missing were Chinese, and their relatives have lashed out at Malaysia for essentially declaring their family members dead without any physical evidence of the plane's remains. Many also believe that the Malaysian officials have not been transparent or swift in communicating information with them about the status of the search.
Wang Chunjiang, whose brother was on the plane, said he felt "very conflicted."
"We want to know the truth, but we are afraid the debris of the plane should be found," he said while waiting at a hotel near the Beijing airport for a meeting with Malaysian officials. "If they find debris, then our last hope would be dashed. We will not have even the slightest hope."
China, which now has Chinese warships and an icebreaker in the search zone, has been intent on supporting the interests of the Chinese relatives of passengers, backing their demands for detailed information on how Malaysia concluded the jet went down in the southern Indian Ocean.
That also is the likely reason why Chinese authorities — normally extremely wary of any spontaneous demonstrations that could undermine social stability — permitted a rare protest Tuesday outside the Malaysian embassy in Beijing, during which relatives chanted slogans, threw water bottles and briefly tussled with police who kept them separated from a swarm of journalists.
China dispatched a special envoy to Kuala Lumpur, Vice Foreign Minister Zhang Yesui, who met Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak and other top officials Wednesday, the official Xinhua News Agency reported.
The plane's bizarre disappearance March 8 shortly after it took off from Kuala Lumpur en route to Beijing has proven to be one of the biggest mysteries in aviation.
Investigators have ruled out nothing so far — including mechanical or electrical failure, hijacking, sabotage, terrorism or issues related to the mental health of the pilots or someone else on board.
The search for the wreckage and the plane's flight data and cockpit voice recorders will be a major challenge. It took two years to find the black box from an Air France jet that went down in the Atlantic Ocean on a flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris in 2009, and searchers knew within days where the crash site was.
There is a race against the clock to find Flight 370's black boxes, whose battery-powered "pinger" could stop sending signals within two weeks. The batteries are designed to last at least a month.
On Wednesday, the Australian Maritime Safety Authority, which is coordinating the southern search operation Malaysia's behalf, said a U.S Towed Pinger Locator arrived in Perth along with Bluefin-21 underwater drone. The equipment will be fitted to the Australian naval ship, the Ocean Shield, but AMSA could not say when they would be deployed.
Various pieces of floating objects have been spotted by planes and satellite, but none have been retrieved or identified. Wednesday's search focused on an 80,000 square kilometer (31,000 square miles) swathe of ocean about 2,000 kilometers (1,240 miles) southwest of Perth.
David Ferreira, an oceanographer at the University of Reading in Britain, said little is known about the detailed topography of the seabed in the general rea where the plane is believed to have crashed.
"We know much more about the surface of the moon than we do about the ocean floor in that part of the Indian Ocean," Ferreira said.
Kerry Sieh, the director of the Earth Observatory of Singapore, said the seafloor in the search area is relative flat, with dips and crevices similar to that the part of the Atlantic Ocean where the Air France wreckage was found.
He said he wouldn't expect much current on the seafloor, and believes any large pieces of the plane would likely stay put once they have completely sunk. But recovering any part of the plane will be tough because of the sheer depth of the ocean — much of it between about 3,000-4,500 meters (10,000-15,000 feet) in the search area — and inhospitable conditions on the surface where intense winds and high swells are common.
"This is a really rough piece of ocean, which is going to be a terrific issue," Sieh said. "I worry that people carrying out the rescue mission are going to get into trouble."
Australia's Bureau of Meteorology warned that weather was expected to deteriorate again Thursday with a cold front passing through the search area that bring rain thunderstorms, low clouds and strong winds.
(Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved)


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ROCHESTER — After a public hearing, the City Council approved increases to the water and sewer rates on Tuesday.
Ratepayers will see their water rates go up by an average of 2.4 percent, with the new water rate being $4.60 per 100 cubic feet of water. Sewer rates have increased by 2.2 percent on average. The new sewer rate is $6.24 per 100 cubic feet of water.
According to Mayor T.J. Jean, the rate increases do not take into account the anticipated costs associated with having to make multimillion dollar upgrades to the city's wastewater treatment plant, in light of the Environmental Protection Agency being expected to implement a stringent permit limit on the amount of nitrogen that can be discharged from the plant.
Currently, the wastewater treatment plant discharges more than 20 milligrams per liter of nitrogen. Recently, the EPA issued a permit limit to Newmarket, which limits that amount to 3 milligrams per liter, and Rochester is expected to receive the same limit sometime in the future, according to city officials.
If the 3 milligram per limit permit comes to light in Rochester, the city could face $15.1 million to $19.7 million in capital costs of having to do substantial upgrades to the wastewater treatment plant.
"It would be, in my opinion, catastrophic to sewer rate payers," said Jean after Tuesday's meeting.
He said that sewer rates would most likely double over time if a 3 milligram per liter permit is implemented, by which point sewer rate payers could end up paying $1,200 more per year on their sewer bills.
But Jean noted that Rochester has not yet received a draft nitrogen permit, which would be issued by the EPA before the actual permit limit is issued.
Jean said the city did not want to raise sewer rates substantially before knowing more certainly that multimillion dollar upgrades would actually be required by the EPA.
The increases to the water and sewer rate that were passed on Tuesday, said Jean, is to increase the fund balance of the water and sewer funds, which will be used to pay for already approved water- and sewer-based capital improvement projects.
These projects include the reconstruction of Brock Street, Salmon Falls Road, and Pine Street.
With the increased rates, Rochester residents paying both water and sewer rates will see their combined bills increase by an average of $28 per year, according to Finance Director Blaine Cox, who is also a deputy city manager.
While the Utility Advisory Board presentation on the new rates made to the council in September highlighted the anticipated EPA permit limit, Jean said Tuesday the increases to the water and sewer rate would likely be the same this year even without the upcoming permit.
During Tuesday's public hearing, city resident Robert Goldstein was concerned the rate increases might snowball and prove to be burdensome on ratepayers. Goldstein, past chairman of the Utility Advisory Board, said the city should look at increasing revenues across the board rather than just increasing the water and sewer rates. He suggested the council also look at potentially increasing the hookup costs and service charges.
Resident and state Rep. Fred Leonard, who opposed the increases during the public hearing, said the city should consider outsourcing its water and sewer operations to be more effective and save money.
"I don't think it's fair to the taxpayer if you don't put everything on the table," said Leonard, who said a nitrogen permit of 3 milligrams per liter would be "extremely traumatic" to sewer rate payers.
Increases to both water and sewer rates were approved by the council 8-2 on Tuesday. Councilors Ralph Torr and David Walker voted against both of the increases. Councilors Julien Savoie, Alan Reed-Erickson and Stephen Hervey were not present at the meeting.
Rochester approves water and sewer rate increases
ROCHESTER — After a public hearing, the City Council approved increases to the water and sewer rates on Tuesday.


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Cordillera Valley Club - $3,990,000
Residential | MLS # 934090
5 Beds | 8 Baths | 6,566 +/- sq.ft.
Cordillera Valley Club - $2,650,000
Residential | MLS # 931734
4 Beds | 7 Baths | 4,329 +/- sq.ft.
Edwards - $480,000
Residential | MLS # 933438
3 Beds | 2 Baths | 1,393 +/- sq.ft.
We get asked this question a lot. Below is a tool that gives you the ability to see what the market is like in your community. Find out what homes like your own are selling for right in your back yard. Simply enter in your address, choose the proximity of the search and find out market data for other homes that are selling near you.
While we'll provide you with plenty of information, this is a snapshot of your market data and there are real people behind the high-tech and automated tools. If you would like more detailed information or help in understanding the results we are here to help.
Until then, enjoy the tools!
A lower altitude means longer playing season, and The Cordillera Valley Club offers an 18-hole Tom Fazio-designed golf course. CVC boasts all the amenities including a beautiful Clubhouse, Chaparral Restaurant, pool and tennis complex. Easy access to shopping and restaurants in Edwards has made CVC the choice of many Cordillera residents.
The data relating to real estate for sale on this website comes in part from the Resort Data Exchange program of the Vail Multi List Service Inc. and Mountain Region Multi List Service. Real estate listings belonging to brokerage firms other than Slifer Smith & Frampton Real Estate are marked with the RDX logo or icon. The detailed information about them includes the listing brokers name.
Copyright © 2019 Vail Multi List, Inc. (VMLS). The information displayed herein was derived from sources believed to be accurate, but has not been verified by VMLS. Buyers are cautioned to verify all information to their own satisfaction. This information is exclusively for viewers' personal, non-commercial use. Any republication or reproduction of the information herein without the express permission of the VMLS is strictly prohibited.
Listing courtesy of Slifer Smith & Frampton R.E.


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Quote:10. CREATE A THREATENING PRESENCE: DETERRENCE STRATEGIESThe best way to fight off an aggressor is to keep them from attacking you in the first place. Build up a reputation: You're a little crazy. Fighting you is not worth it. Uncertainty is sometimes better than overt threat: If your opponents are never sure what messing with you will cost, they will not want to find out.
Quote:11. TRADE SPACE FOR TIME: THE NONENGAGEMENT STRATEGYRetreat in the face of a strong enemy is a sign not of weakness but of strength. By resisting the temptation to respond to an aggressor, you buy yourself valuable time - time to recover, to think, to gain perspective. Sometimes you can accomplish most by doing nothing.
Quote:I like the non-engagement tactic. Melt away, beyond Hadrian's Wall, and let the cold work it's magic on Roman feet.(BTW...did they ever find those 'missing' legions? )
Quote:PART IV - OFFENSIVE WARFARE12. LOSE BATTLES BUT WIN THE WAR: GRAND STRATEGYGrand strategy is the art of looking beyond the battle and calculating ahead. It requires that you focus on your ultimate goal and plot to reach it. Let others get caught up in the twists and turns of the battle, relishing their little victories. Grandstrategy will bring you the ultimate reward: the last laugh.
Artifacts from the Ryukyu Kingdom missing since WWII.
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Book presents photo tour of the Trans-Allegany Lunatic Asylum. A must if you're going to take a ghost tour!


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After an elephant saw red and destroyed a house in Bengal, India, earlier this week, it apparently had a change of heart and rescued a 10-month-old baby girl who was crying from under the debris before leaving the scene.
"We worship Lord Ganesh (the elephant god) in our village," mother Lalita Mahato told the Times of India. "Still, I can't believe that the tusker saved my daughter after breaking down the door and smashing a wall. We watched amazed as it gently removed the debris that had fallen on her. It's a miracle."
The infant is very fortunate because the elephant has already killed at least three people in the last year.
"We ran over and were shocked to see the wall in pieces and a tusker standing over our baby. She was crying and there were huge chunks of the wall lying all around and on the cot," said father Dipak Mahato. "The tusker started moving away but when our child started crying again, it returned and used its trunk to remove the debris."
The girl was taken to Deben Mahato Sadar Hospital and treated for minor external injuries.
In addition to killing people, the elephant has damaged at least 17 houses this year.
"What's really surprising is that this elephant left the little girl alive even after damaging the house. It seems to have a heart, too," said ranger Samir Bose.
[The Times of India]


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California stands to get as much as $32 billion from an economic stimulus package approved Wednesday by the House of Representatives.
The preliminary state share of the $819 billion federal package is welcome news for lawmakers struggling to fill a projected $42billion budget shortfall over the next year and a half. But Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger cautioned that California should not rely on the federal handout to fix its fiscal crisis.
"There's a lot of people at the Capitol running around saying, `Oh, the federal government and the Obama administration is bailing us out and is helping us,"' Schwarzenegger said Wednesday during an appearance before the Sacramento Press Club. "And I always make it clear that we will not use that money to bail us out because we have to bail ourselves out."


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Five hundred manuals, 1,000 websites, 100,000 tweets and one mother-in-law all giving you different advice on every aspect of parenting? From noise machines to all-natural, peanut- and chemical-free products, recent parenting trends are pretty different than they were when you were that chocolate-covered toddler—and it's affecting more than your browser history and bookshelf.
Plus: Mom's-Eye View: Help (Not) Wanted
In her forthcoming book, Modern Motherhood: Women and Family in England, 1945-2000, Angela Davis reveals research that 50 years of motherhood manuals (specifically the advice of six childcare "experts": Frederick Truby King, John Bowlby, Donald Winnicott, Benjamin Spock, Penelope Leach and Gina Ford) have set standards too high for new moms. Dr Davis found that while experts' advice changed through the years, the advice itself was delivered in a consistent, albeit unpleasant, manner—with the message that deviating from the specific childrearing methods advocated would bring severe consequences. So it's not actually the end of the world when you can't control all of your daughter's tantrums or if your son is not enrolled in piano by age 3—it's just meant to feel that way!
Plus: What Would You Say to Pre-Baby You?
While many new moms have turned these childcare "bibles" for advice and support, Dr. Davis found that these books could be extremely unhelpful. "Levels of behavior these childcare manuals set for mothers and babies are often unattainably high, meaning women could be left feeling like failures when these targets were not achieved. Therefore while women could find supportive messages within childcare literature, some also found the advice more troubling," she explains.
Have you ever felt overwhelmed by parenting advice you've read? How did you decide which, if any, parenting guides to follow?


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The life and creative work of Akron artist John Puglia is being celebrated with an exhibit at The University of Akron's Emily Davis Gallery through Sept. 12. "Never Not Working: The Art and Influence of John Puglia" features both his work and that of his peers.
Puglia, who earned a B.A. in Mass Media – Communication at UA in 1988, was well known in the region for his own art and his collaborations with other artists through the magazines, gallery spaces and often elaborate events that he created. In the last year of his life before dying of cancer at age 48 in 2013, Puglia was particularly prolific, with two gallery shows of new work in Akron.
Career retrospective
"Never Not Working" occupies both floors of the Davis gallery. The main floor features a career retrospective of Puglia's art, from his work as a UA student to the ambitious paintings and collages he created near the end of his life, focusing on Akron's factory culture and Akron-born heavyweight boxing champion Michael Dokes.
Also featured are copies of M-80, a publication Puglia launched and published from the 1990s through the early years of this decade. The magazine featured images and writing by new and established local artists as well as nationally prominent artists, including Mark Mothersbaugh, Gary Baseman, Cindy Greene and Dick Tappan.
The upper floor is dedicated to works by artists influenced and supported by Puglia, who spent much of his energy generating new ways to showcase the work of his peers. Among those in the exhibit are Andrew Borowiec, Michael Loderstedt and Jay Croft. In addition, each of Puglia's sons, Sam and Jonathan, have a space for their own work.
'Never not working'
Throughout his adult life, Puglia balanced his creative ambitions with a successful professional career. He worked 19 years at Roadway Express (later YRC), rising to the position of director of corporate communications. His many accomplishments include creation of a Roadway-sponsored traveling Negro Leagues Baseball Museum and launching one of the first successful corporate websites. His Roadway site is now in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian Museum. From 2009 until his death, Puglia was creative director for WhiteSpace Creative in Akron.
Puglia was founder of the Millworks Galleries, which opened in 1990 in formerly abandoned BFGoodrich factory space. His work, which often focused on Akron themes, was exhibited at Millworks, the We Gallery, Square Records and other venues.
The Emily Davis Gallery is located in UA's Folk Hall, 150 East Exchange St. The exhibition and parking are free. In general, the exhibition can be seen Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Visitors are encouraged to call 330-972-6030 to confirm availability.
Media contact: Cyndee Snider, 330-972-5196 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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As part of its 2011–2012 research and development grant program, the New York State Pollution Prevention Institute has awarded four R&D grants totaling approximately $200,000 for projects at Clarkson University, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Rochester Institute of Technology.
RPI received two research and development grants. Joel Plawsky from the Chemical Engineering Department will focus his research on the development of a new photocatalyst for green processing applications to reclaim, reuse or recycle air and water without the use of toxic chemicals. Photocatalysis is a green alternative to many traditional chemical processes that burn fossil fuel to provide the energy required to drive the reactions or use hazardous chemicals that produce hazardous wastes in return. James (Chip) Kilduff from the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department will research a low-cost bioreactor module for treatment of food wastes and simultaneous electricity production. The bioreactor system will promote overall waste reduction and will exploit energy efficiency opportunities.
At RIT, Jinwei Gu of the Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science will collaborate with Gabrielle Gaustad of the Golisano Institute for Sustainability to develop and characterize novel computational imaging systems that can automatically and efficiently sort scrap materials.
Sulapha Peethamparan of Clarkson's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering will work with the Hoskie Co. of Brooklyn, N.Y., to research conversion of waste conch shells as a partial substitute for limestone or calcium carbonate raw material in cement manufacturing.
"The projects funded under NYSP2I's Research & Development Program assist in accelerating innovative technologies and concepts developed by our partner universities," says Anahita Williamson, director of the Pollution Prevention Institute. "We are pleased to support applied research that will continue to develop sustainability and pollution prevention efforts in New York state and beyond."
"The Department of Environmental Conservation is proud to support the NYSP2I's innovative approaches to create cleaner and greener industrial processes," says DEC Commissioner Joe Martens. "These research and development grants to academia help set New York ahead of the pack when it comes to finding environmentally and economically beneficial solutions."
The New York State Pollution Prevention Institute provides statewide, comprehensive and integrated programming in technology research, development and diffusion, training and education aimed at making New York state more sustainable for workers, the public, the environment and the economy. The Pollution Prevention Institute was created in 2008 through a grant from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Additional partners include Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Clarkson University, State University of New York at Buffalo and New York's 10 Regional Technology Development Centers.
More information regarding the New York State Pollution Prevention Institute's research and development program can be found at www.nysp2i.rit.edu.