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Difference between revisions of "Budapest"
Revision as of 13:33, 10 February 2013
Budapest [24] is the capital city of Hungary. With a unique, youthful atmosphere, world-class classical music scene as well as a pulsating nightlife increasingly appreciated among European youth, and last but not least, an exceptional offer of natural thermal baths, Budapest is one of Europe's most delightful and enjoyable cities. Due to the exceedingly scenic setting, and its architecture it is nicknamed "Paris of the East". The local pronunciation can be approximated by "boo-dah-pesht". In 1987 Budapest was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List for the cultural and architectural significance of the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue.
Districts and quarters
Although Budapest is administratively divided into 23 numbered districts (always written in Roman numerals) it is colloquially often divided into parts, roughly corresponding to the two major cities of Buda and Pest, of which it is comprised.
Note that listings of restaurants and similar places can be found in the following articles:
Of course, quarters often offer their own atmosphere due to their history and inhabitants. Roughly speaking, areas near to, especially inside of Nagykörút (Great Boulevard or Ringroad, served by Tram 6) are considered central, even if some of these are in less than perfect condition and not typically frequented by tourists. In Pest, Kiskörút (Small Boulevard) is traditionally considered as the border of the centre proper, including some highly touristic areas.
Informally, quarters are known under their own historical name which are often referred to by the locals. The names are often linked to members of the House of Habsburg or - in fringe areas - the names of villages or towns which later became part of Budapest. Particularly interesting quarters are
Belváros (Inner City), Lipótváros (Leopold Town) With the latter being north of the Inner City, they together form the V. district, the heart of Pest, including a number of major sights but also beautiful squares and cafés. Including the Parliament, a number of ministries and banking houses, Leopold Town is also a major political and industrial centre of the country. The name refers to the Habsburg Emperor Leopold I whose coronation to the King of Hungary in 1790 gave rise to the name of the then-new quarter.
Újlipótváros (New Leopold Town) The inner part of the XIII. district, just outside of the Great Boulevard north of Leopold Town with the marvellous Margaret Bridge at its corner, was built between the 1910s and 1930s. It is considered as one of the finest residential areas in Budapest with a relaxed, inviting atmosphere and a number of restaurants, cafés and small shops. It also comprises the Vígszínház (Commedy Theatre) and a few tiny off-mainstream cinemas. The quarter is traditionally home to a population with Jewish background as the activity of people such as Raoul Wallenberg, Giorgio Perlasca, and Carl Lutz was linked to this area (see history).
Terézváros (Theresa Town) VI. district. Among others, it contains Nyugati pu. (Western Railway Station), an architectural sight, and areas neighbouring districts V. and XIII. The then-developing quarter was named after a visit of Habsburg Empress and Queen Maria Theresa in 1777.
Erzsébetváros (Elisabeth Town) VII. District. While parts of it are not yet renovated, it contains the famous Synagogue in the Dohány street. The quarter was split off from Terézváros and asked for permission to be named after the wife of Franz-Josef I, popularly called Sissy, in 1882.
Travelers are quickly recognising the appeal of Budapest, with tourism accounting for approximately 2.7 million visitors per year. Consisting of two cities with different flavours, Buda on the west bank of the Danube River and Pest on the east bank, Budapest offers travellers a unique atmosphere influenced by Viennese and Parisian architecture. Hungarians are proud of what their beautiful capital has to offer and its contributions to European culture, especially in the field of music, and sciences. They also take some pride in their language which is unrelated to languages of the Indo-European family such as English, French or Russian. While e.g. Finnish is a distant relative to Hungarian, these two branches of the Uralic family are estimated to have diverged a few thousands years ago, and no communication between them is possible.
While Buda has been the capital of Hungary - or that of the Osman-occupied territory - for the better part of a millennium, it has become a grand cosmopolitan city during the country's fast industrialisation in the late nineteenth century. The population of 2.1 million in 1989 decreased formally due to suburbanization.
The first settlement on the territory of Budapest is accounted to Celtic tribes. During the first century AD, the Roman fortification on the territory of present-day Óbuda (now part of Budapest) gradually developed into the town of Aquincum which became the capital city of the province of Lower Pannonia in AD 106. The Romans even founded a fortress known as Contra Aquincum on the other side of the river which is assumed to have developed into the later town of Pest. This was part of the Limes, marking the eastern border of the empire, and was gradually given up by Rome during the early fourth century, becoming part of the Hun empire for a few decades. (Modern historical research does not associate the Huns with Hungarians, albeit even the name of the latter expresses this once popular idea.)
Once the horse-riding Magyar (Hungarian) tribes arrived in the Carpathian Basin in 896 AD, Óbuda served as the seat of the Magyar high-chieftain (or prince) Árpád. After a century marked by frequent raids on Christian western Europe, (prince) Álmos realised that converting to Christianity is the key to survival in Europe. The Christian Kingdom of Hungary was founded by the crowning of his son, Szt. István (St. Stephan) on the 1st January 1001 (or possibly Christmas day of 1000). As visitors will quickly realise, St. Stephan became an omnipresent national symbol, as did the artefact known as Saint Stephen's Crown (the Holy Crown of Hungary) which was regarded as a legal entity de jure equivalent to the country itself during medieval times. It is still unclear whether the millennium-old crown used in this function for many centuries and shown in the Parliament today, was already used by St. Stephen.
In the following centuries Buda emerged as the most important royal seat. In 1241/42 the Mongol Empire conquered the territory along with large parts of Europe - this short but devastating conquest of the country is still remembered as Tatárjárás - the name reflecting the erroneous confusion of Mongols and Tatars at the time. Medieval Hungary reached its zenith under King Matthias (Matthias Corvinus), the vividly remembered renaissance ruler whose patronage of arts and sciences made Hungary, a notable power at the time, the first European country which adopted the renaissance from Italy. However, after residing in Buda for decades, he moved his seat to Vienna in 1485 for the last five years of his life after defeating the Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III.
In 1541, Buda and Pest fell to the Ottoman Empire and were taken back 1686, when the Habsburg Empire centered in Austria conquered the country on its way to becoming a major European power. Marks of these two cultures are still part of everyday life in Budapest.
After the Anti-Habsburg revolution in 1848–49 (defeated through the decisive help of the Russian Czar) the 1867 Compromise (Kiegyezés) with a weakened Vienna made Buda the capital of a near-autonomous Hungary, a large, multi-ethnic Kingdom comprising half of the newly created Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. In this peculiar double-state the Monarch was emperor and king ,respectively, of these two rather autonomous realms. The following half century marked by peaceful development counts among the most successful times in the history of the country as well as its capital. With the 1873 unification of Buda, Pest, and Óbuda, the city of Budapest was officially created. It saw a leap in terms of industrialisation, urbanisation, and the development of a capitalistic society as well as population. It even aimed at rivalling with Vienna - the Millennium in 1896, marking a thousand year of Hungary, offered the perfect excuse for large-scale projects such as the Parliament, Vajdahunyad Castle, or the Grand Boulevard (Nagykörút) - Budapest transformed to a world city during these decades, enriched by Austrian, Jewish, Slovakian, Serbian, Croatian Roma and other cultural influence. This age is remembered as the 'Monarchia' (or as 'K. u. K.' - abbreviation for Imperial-Royal - in Austria, and other parts of the Empire) and associated with the rule of Franz Joseph I. (I. Ferenc József) who died in 1916 after 68 years on the throne.
After the war, Budapest slowly recovered and became a showcase for the more pragmatic policies of Hungary's hard-line Communist government under the dictatorial rule of Mátyás Rákosi. The city was, however, also the main site of the 1956 uprising which was successful in installing a reform-oriented (albeit communist) government of Imre Nagy. This was swept away before long, after the Soviet leader Khrushchev decided to send in the tanks feeling that Hungary is slipping away from under Moscow's control. The Soviets installed János Kádár as the leader of the communist state who, after over thirty years of controversial rule, was elected out of leadership 1988 by the central committee due to health issues, and died of 1989.
Since the peaceful 1989 'system change' (Rendszerváltás) which was achieved as a compromise between reformist party forces and the opposition (notably including a younger self of the current PM, Viktor Orbán) , Budapest transformed in appearance and atmosphere, a process further accelerated by the country's long-awaited joining to the European Union in 2004.
Quality of life
For those with a reasonable budget, Budapest offers a rather high quality of life. The offered range in terms of culture, cuisine, and general 'vibe' is comparable to other major European cities (see. dedicated sections), while prices are lower, influenced by salaries of the locals.
Local salaries are significantly lower than those in western Europe (a recent university graduate may earn e.g. 150-300 thousand HUF after taxes), so that living standard of the local population is somewhat lower, especially for those employed in lower paid jobs (official minimal salary is around 60 thousand HUF after taxes, as of 2012). A more serious issue is unemployment, especially in the face of the recent economical problems. This is also connected to the rise in the number of homeless people seen in metro stations doorways in both Buda and Pest in recent years. While this does trouble locals who often grew up without seeing explicit homelessness (before '89), this issue is still minor compared to other major cities and usually does not present a safety risk to travellers.
Official Tourism Information
Get in
By plane
Budapest Franz Liszt International Airport (IATA: BUD) [26], Budapest Liszt Ferenc Nemzetközi Repülőtér (pronounced "list-ferents"), formerly (and colloquially still) referred to as Ferihegy; is the country's largest airport, located about 16 km (10 miles) southeast of the city centre. The airport's central telephone number for information is: +36-1 296-9696 or on +36-1 296-7000. Luggage services can be contacted on +361 296-5449 in connection with flights to and from Terminal 1 and +36-1 296-5965 for Terminal 2.
Outside Budapest, there are alternative international airports in Debrecen, Sármellék, Győr-Pér and Pécs-Pogány.
Airport Terminals
The airport has two terminals, 2A and 2B, being within a short walking distance from each other. The number 2 appearing in their names is due to the the former Terminal 1 (originally opened in the 1950, reopened 2005). However, Terminal 1 closed recently.
Duty free stores are operated by Travel Value [27]. Customs authorities in German airports may not allow you to bring duty-free items purchased at the airport in Budapest through Germany. In Terminal 2, Hugo Boss and Swarowski are the only dedicated brand shops. The alcohol-tobacco-sweets assortment shop has a choice of local wines, mainly by Gundel. You can find Caffè Ritazza [28] eateries on Terminal 2A, both in the pre-check-in area and the in the boarding area. Terminal 2B pre-boarding area offers half a dozen cafés.
Hungarian low cost airline Wizz Air operates flights between Budapest and more than twenty European cities. American Airlines operate direct flights between Budapest and New York City. Many low cost airlines also operate service to/from Budapest. London Heathrow is connected by a number of flights by American Airlines and British Airways, while discount airlines fly to London Luton, Gatwick and Stansted (2012). Paris is connected by flights from Air France (Roissy), and various low-cost companies (EasyJet from Orly, Ryanair and Wizz from Beauvais)
Airport transfer
There is a train station called Ferihegy next to former Terminal 1, from where suburban trains (called 'személy') run twice an hour to Budapest-Nyugati station in the city centre, taking 25 minutes. Although the trains are suburban trains, they are operated by MÁV and not included in the HÉV network. (Dedicated train tickets can be purchased from cashiers or vending machines next to the cashiers in the pedestrian underpass in Nyugati - press the button 'Ferihegy'; normally the machine can give change. At Ferihegy station there is a modern ticket vending machine at the platform towards Budapest. A single full-fare train ticket costs 370 HUF for this travel, but local public transport travelcards are also valid [38]; these can be purchased at the newspaper vendors at the airport. If entering the train without ticked, you will pay an additional fine of approx. 2500 HUF , unless no cashier or vending machine was available at the station.)
Public transport between Ferihegy train station and Terminals 2A/2B is provided by the local bus 200E, running every 8-15 minutes, and travel time approx 10 min, see details here [39]. The bus stop towards the Airport is situated directly next to the train station, but you have to pass a pedestrian bridge with elevators not always working. (Within the bus, this stop is called "Ferihegy vasútállomás" - i.e. train station - in case you want to get off there.) Alternatively you can pre-order a taxi by phone to wait in the bus-stop, to get to the Airport faster or at night. Single bus tickets are available in airport terminals for HUF 350 at the newspaper vendors, or can be purchased from the driver for HUF 450.
The same bus line 200E runs somewhat further into the city, ending at the end station of metro M3 'Kőbánya-Kispest', a small local transport hub. Note that for transferring there to the metro, another 350 HUF-ticket is required. There exists a transfer ticket (átszállójegy) for 490 HUF which may be used all the way from the airport to the city center, but for unknown reasons these tickets are not sold in either the machines nor the kiosks at the airport - so if you want to save money and your journey starts and ends in Budapest, make sure to buy an extra transfer ticket in central Budapest before your departure to use for the return trip. The trip from the airport to Deák Ferenc tér metro station takes about 45 to 60 minutes.
In addition to személy suburban trains, Ferihegy also has long-distance trains (called'InterCity' or 'gyors') to a number of other cities such as Szeged, Kecskemét, Debrecen´and Miskolc. (Warning: On the outbound platform there are some Intercity trains with Budapest-Keleti as destination - do not take this to get to Budapest as this is a ring service starting at Budapest-Nyugati and going through Ferihegy and eastern Hungary before terminating at Budapest-Keleti - taking some 5 h 45 min and costing 6660 HUF). Long-distance trains to Budapest require a seat reservation which costs a couple of hundred HUF so unless you're in a hurry, stick to the trains labelled 'szémely'
WARNING: unless you have pre-ordered a taxi from a different company, do not accept offers from taxi drivers waiting (illegally) inside the terminal or near the exit. Pre-ordering by phone will generally get you a somewhat better price than the Fötaxi rates. However, on your trip into town you might receive a bonus from Főtaxi quoting cheaper fares towards Liszt Ferenc airport (i.e. €16 from Pest) - reserve a car by phone and quote the offer to save some money on your way back to the airport.
By train
Trains connect Budapest with almost all countries in central and eastern Europe. All trains arrive at Budapest Keleti station, unless stated otherwise.
Tickets from Germany are much cheaper if bought online [42], at least 3 days in advance.
There is a seasonal sleeper train from Split, departing every Wednesday and Saturday from 11 Jun to 27 Aug.
The train Avala has seasonal sleeper cars from Podgorica and Bar, departing every Monday, Thursday and Sunday from 19 Jun to 19 Sep.
Train stations
The main railway stations (pályaudvar) are Keleti pályaudvar (Eastern Railway Station), Déli pályaudvar (Southern Railway Station) and Nyugati pályaudvar (Western Railway Station). The stations are not named for their geographic location in the city, nor for the direction of the destinations served by each.
Most of international trains, as well as domestic trains to Miskolc, Eger, Győr and Szombathely leave from Keleti. Some trains to Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lake Balaton and south-western regions of Hungary leave from Déli. From Nyugati leaves domestic trains to Debrecen, Nyíregyháza and Szeged.
The stations are well connected to each other and to the rest of the city. Keleti and Déli Railway Stations are located on Metro 2, Nyugati Railway Station is on Metro 3. A transfer should take less than 15 minutes during peak hours, slightly more on weekends and evenings.
Depending on where you are coming from, some outer stations can be useful to you; trains arriving from Vienna and Lake Balaton or other western locations stop at Kelenföld station, which is a good public transport hub for Southern Buda (All trains that departs or arrvive to/from Budapest-Déli station, stop at Kelenföld too.) Kőbánya-Kispest station is a good place to get to Eastern Budapest or to Ferihegy Airport.
Train stations in Budapest are not up to Western quality standards; they are hard to access for people with disabilities and their facilities are very limited. Be prepared for long queues at the ticket office. English is rarely spoken. Do not expect luggage trolleys or clean toilets. Food or a coffee purchased at the stations is unlikely to give you a gastronomic buzz; it is also difficult to find a good nearby cafe if you didn't research in advance. Do not accept any offers from taxi drivers waiting around the station entrance. For further information read also Stay safe section.
By bus
Hungary's national bus network is operated by Volán Association [44]. If you arrive to Budapest from another Hungarian city, bus is often the best option. For services, discounts, schedules and on-line booking possibilities check Hungary#Get_around.
International bus routes are operated by Eurolines +36-1 318-2122 [45]. Most connections run two or three times a week; connections to/from Austria and Slovakia run daily. Orangeways [46] 36-30 830-9696, offers cheap tickets to and from Austria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Germany, Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia.
Bus stations
Budapest's long distance bus stations are located outside the city centre, but are very well connected to the rest of the city. The main stations are:
By boat
Mahart, +36-1 484-4000, [47] operates a scheduled hydrofoil service on the Danube to and from Vienna and Bratislava between early April and early November.
Hungaria Koncert 00361 317 1377 [email protected] [48] operates cruises with lunch or dinner daily at 14:00, 19:00 and 20:00. This service is 90 minutes with hot buffet lunch or dinner. During the cruise, the Parliament, Chain Bridge, Royal Castle, Palace of Arts etc. can be seen.
Get around
Orientation is not a big problem in Budapest. The river Danube splits the city into two areas: Buda and Pest. Aside from the very center, the city's structure is quite logical. Landmarks in Buda as the Royal Castle or Citadella Castle also help you to find your way. Besides the Danube itself, the best reference points for orienting yourself are the bridges crossing the river. From North to South, they are:
On foot
Many of Budapest's highlights are easy to approach walking, and in the center you find more pedestrian zones from year to year. Car drivers tend to respect pedestrians and often give advantage on a cross-walk even if there is no traffic light. Due to the lack of bike lanes, cyclists have to weave around pedestrian traffic; be prepared. Don't wear high-heeled shoes in the downtown as there are lots of stone pavements, especially in the Castle Hill.
Public transport
While you'll find several points of interest within walking distance, Budapest is a sizeable city, so unless you drive your own car (or bicycle), you will inevitably use some form of public transportation. The good news is that the city is well covered by a network consisting of three metro lines, blue buses, red trolley-buses, and yellow trams - and the whole system is fairly easy to understand. On the other hand, schedules are not quite as reliable as in, say, Vienna, vehicles are not always the cleanest, and tickets have become increasingly expensive. It's worth investing into a public transportation map at any BKV ticket sales desk. You can also find detailed public transport maps in some tram stops, especially along the 4-6 tram lines, and in the metro stations. Vehicles run from around 5AM to 11.30PM (or, on Christmas Eve, to 4.00PM). However, tram lines 4/6 run all night and, additionally, an extensive night bus network is available.
If you are a short term visitor, you may find the following lines particularly useful:
Tickets and passes
Public transportation in Budapest is run by Budapest Transport Limited Company (BKV). Their English-language website provides information on current schedules and fares [49]. If you intend to travel a lot, travel cards are far less expensive than single tickets. In the evenings and nights finding a place to buy tickets can be hard, because ticket machines are usually out of order, and vendors are also closed. Tickets must be validated on the vehicles (on the subway you must validate your ticket before entering the platform). Though most places you'll find regular ticket validating machines, some older vehicles only have mechanical ticket validators. When using these, you must pull the black lever on the top of the validator after putting in the ticket. It validates the ticket by punching holes in it. Certain groups, such as 65+ or blind people travel free of charge if the required proof is provided, see here [50]. Some available tickets and passes for public transport:
When using the public transport, you should always have a valid ticket or pass. The fine was recently raised to 8 - 16000 HUF, depending when you pay. Sooner or later, you will run into ticket inspectors, especially in trams and buses on Sunday; they are also guarding the entrance and exit to many metro stations. They rarely speak English and some were reported to be keen on controlling tourist. They can ask for your ID, however they are indeed not considered police officers under Hungarian law. If you do pay a fine on the spot, ask for a receipt!
The public transport fleet
The underground network consists of three lines (with the fourth under construction), connecting several centrally located sights, railway and autobus stations with suburbs. The lines cross only at Deák tér station in central Pest. Many stations have been recently renovated, but the old soviet trains are still running as of summer 2012. (Introduction of the new French trains has been allegedly delayed by technical difficulties).
The historic Metro 1 or Millennium Subway (yellow), connects the Városliget (City park) with touristy Vörösmarty Tér in Pest center, passing the Opera and Heroes' square, as it mostly follows the majestic boulevard Andrássy út. Notably, the line was the first underground on continental Europe (preceded by London) constructed as part of the Millennium celebrations in 1896. Although the stylish vehicles are not original, the renovated, tile covered stations retain a historical atmosphere. Metro 2 (red line) connects Déli pályaudvar (Southern Railway Station, in Buda) with Eastern Pest, passing Széll Kálmán Tér (former Moszkva tér, Buda's top transport hub), Kossuth tér (the Parliament) and Keleti Pályaudvar (Keleti Railway Station). Metro 3 (blue line) can assist you in reaching the Airport as you can change to Bus 200 at Kőbánya-Kispest terminus. A notable station is the historic Nyugati Pályaudvar (Western Railway Station).
Tram Budapest's 25 tram lines offer a slower but more scenic way of getting around. Lines 4/6 run all night.
The dense bus network connects the suburban zones with several metro and train stations and the city center.
Trolley-bus Budapest's 13 trolley-bus lines run in Northeast and Central Pest. Some of them pass through the City Park (Városliget) and cross Andrássy avenue (Andrássy út), giving you beautiful views while using this eco-friendly mode of transport. Line 70 connecting Kossuth square (Parliament) to City Park (Városliget) also passes through the lively Nagymező utca, Budapest's "Broadway". The reason why the numbering starts with 70 is a historical one: The first trolley line started on Dec. 21, 1949, the 70th birthday of the soviet dictator Stalin.
Suburban rail Green suburban railway lines (called HÉV) connect central Budapest with several suburbs. Note that your tickets and travel passes are valid only within the city boundaries, otherwise you should purchase a supplementary ticket (kiegészítő jegy) at a ticket office.
Some more exotic means of public transport may help you to escape from the hustle and bustle to the lush green hills surrounding Budapest.
Night services
Budapest is covered by 34 night bus lines. Numbers are triple-digit, starting with '9'. Buses run every 15-60 minutes from around 11PM until 4AM. The main linking points of the night bus network are Széll Kálmán square (former Moszkva tér) tér in Buda and Astoria (junction of Kossuth Lajos utca–Károly körút) in Pest. Daytime tickets and passes are valid. On line map and schedule are available on BKV's home page [55]. Most useful night buses are:
On Friday and Saturday nights ticket inspectors gather around the stops and don't let you hop on the bus without a valid ticket or pass. They also sell tickets for HUF 450.
By car
Apart from the summer holiday, Budapest has heavy traffic, especially in the morning, and in the late afternoon. If you don't want to spend your visit to Budapest in a traffic jam, leave your car in the hotel's garage, and use the public transport. Driving across the centre requires some local know-how to be efficient. For example you cannot turn left in most of the crossings of the great boulevard (Nagykörút) or on the main avenues like Andrássy út, Váci út, Üllői út or Rákóczi út.
By taxi
When you get to the airport be aware of taxi booths. They will usually overcharge you. The best thing you can do when arriving to Budapest is exiting the airport and look for the taxi booth right outside and then tell them where you need to go. They will give you a receipt with the price and number of the taxi line up right there. In normal traffic conditions, you can get around in the central areas in 10-25 minutes by car. Taxy rides should cost in the range of 1200-3000 Ft, (ca. 4-12 EUR). 5000Ft/18 EUR. will already take you to the airport (fixed charge for many companies). Budapest's taxi drivers are not always prepared for English speaking clients, but it does not necessarily mean that they intend to overcharge their foreign guests – you can call one of the major taxi companies with English speaking switchboards to avoid problems. Most companies' websites now have pages in English.
Do not accept offers from taxi drivers waiting in the airport terminals or railway stations. Use your common sense, sit only in taxis carrying logos of bigger companies.
Many taxis parked in the downtown areas do not belong to radio taxi companies and charge much more than the usual HUF 200+ per km. Ask about their price in advance or call any of the taxi companies below. If you are forced to take a taxi from the street, try to pick one with the meter in a place where the driver can't fiddle with it while driving. (While the fare per kilometer stays the same, it may sometimes be possible to "bump" the price by adding extra basic fees.) Asking the approximate price in advance may be a good idea in such cases. Note that calling your own taxi is usually cheaper than having one booked for you in a hotel. Tell the driver in time if you need a receipt.
Some taxi companies:
By bicycle
Budapest may not yet be a perfect cyclist paradise, when compared to some Western-European cities, but is slowly getting there. The growing network of bikeways can be checked e.g. here [68]. The cyclist subculture has been increasingly present for few decades now, moreover, Budapest has been home to Europe's biggest cycling demonstration, Critical Mass [69], where in 2008 more than 80 000 people participated.
Bikeways are separated from the road in the downtown, but they may be used as car-park or pedestrian zones. Be aware that pedestrians are not quite as used to the bike lane idea as in cities with older biking tradition, so bike carefully.
Bikes and public transport Bikes can only be taken on the HÉV (suburban train) and the Fogaskerekü (the mointain cog railway starting at Városmajor), and, on many long distance trains, the latter also having a few stations within city limits. Extra tickets are necessary. This enables the city-dwellers to undertake day biking trips outside the city. Some nearby destinations such as the town of Szentendre make for a pleasant day trip.
For renting a bike, expect to pay around HUF 2000-3000 per day. Some bike rental companies are
By scooter
Although not as fancy as in Rome or Paris, scooters are becoming more common in the streets of Budapest. Inside the city scooters can be driven on the tram and bus ways, often buzzing in between traffic. Although most car drivers are quite used to the scooters around them, some can still be slight irresponsible. Ignore their pushiness and drive conservative and you should not experience any problems. The best roads are the main ring roads as these have plenty of space and good asphalt. The smaller in between roads and roads in hilly Buda can be of lesser quality with some unexpected potholes or tough to see speed bumps.
A limited number of companies offer scooter rental and scooter tours inside the city center. Expect to pay around HUF 6000 for a day. Some companies that offer scooter rental are:
In Hungary scooters with an engine up to 50cc can be driven without license plate and only a regular car drivers license. However these 50cc scooters cannot be driven with a passenger. Helmets are compulsory. For scooters and motorcycles with an engine size above 50cc a license plate and motorcycle drivers license is required. If you are experienced with driving a scooter, it is a great way to experience the city
By skateboard
Pest is ideal for skateboarding. Sidewalks are wide and smooth without too many pedestrians to avoid. Police won't pay you any attention as long as you are using your skateboard for transport and not trying to do tricks. Longboards are ideal because of their stability and bigger wheels.
Most of Budapest's famous sights are concentrated on Castle Hill on the Buda side, in downtown Pest and along the riverside walkways.
The main sights on Castle Hill are:
The courtyard got its name from the four stone lions that guard its gate. The two formidable lions at the gate try to deter one from entering, while the two on the inside roar furiously at those who dare walk past the gates. They where created by sculptor János Fadrusz in 1902. As we walk past the gate lighter stripes in the grey cube veneer show the excavated, the re-buried remains of the medieval palace walls. The 4300 m² courtyard is bordered by the building complex containing the Hungarian National Museum, the Budapest Museum of History and the National Széchenyi Library.
The Hunyadi Garden was a market place during the reign of Sigismund of Luxemburg. The group of bronze statues known as the Mátyás Fountain is the work of Alajos Stróbl from 1904. The work features Matthias Corvinus in the company of his henchman, his hunter, his Italian chronicler and his hunting dogs. On the left side is Szép Ilonka, a young woman from a humble background, who knowing nothing about Matthias's status falls in love with the king during a hunt. The busy fountain is a popular rest stop for tourists. This is Budapest's answer to the Trevi Fountain in Rome: visitors wishing to return to the city toss shiny coins into the fountain, of which thousands shimmer under the water.
One of the most representative areas of the Buda Castle, the Savoyai Terrace boasts the best view of the city. Standing on this spacious square we can see the graceful Danube dividing the two sides of the city, the limestone walls of the Parliament, the Gellért Hill, our capital's bridges, the Monument of Liberty, and on a clear day you can see the sites of Pest. The Terrace is in front of the Hungarian National Museum and on it you will find the neo-baroque bronze statue of Austrian Prince Eugene of Savoy military strategist made by the sculptor József Róna which has been there since the beginning of the 1900s. Eugene of Savoy is an important figure in Hungarian History because he was the general who irrevocably freed Hungary from the Turkish occupation.
Other museums on the Castle Hill:
The Danube Bridges (see Orientation above), especially the Chain Bridge (Széchenyi Lánchíd) are really attractive and make it worthy to promenade along the river bank. Lánchíd (pronounced "laance heed") means chain bridge and the suspension structure of the bridge is made of chains whose links are huge dog-bone shaped metal bars linked by pins at their ends.
You can have a superb glimpse over the bridges from the Citadella on the top of Buda's Gellert Hill (Gellérthegy).
Riding a boat is ideal as you can enjoy both riverbanks at the same time. For romantic views of the city, go at night.
Margaret Island (Margitsziget) and its large parks (see Buda) are a very pleasant place to relax and wander. Perfect for a sunny afternoon.
Downtown (Belváros) of Pest is the administrative and business centre of Budapest and the whole of Hungary. The main sights here are:
The old Jewish Quarter of Budapest is the neighborhood bordered by Károly Boulevard, Erzsébet Boulevard, Király Street and Rákóczi Road. Several guided and non-guided tours are available for exploring this historic area of Budapest.
The main sites include:
Wallenberg Park
The Tree of Life
The Temple of Heroes
Rumbach Synagogue
Carl Lutz Memorial
Kazinczy Street Synagogue
The memorial honors the memory of the victims who were shot into the icy Danube by the Arrow Cross army. The 60 pairs of cast iron shoes faithfully represent the attire of that age. There is a 40 meters long, 70 centimeter tall stone pew behind the shoes attached to the stone of the bank edge.
Museums in at the city centre:
The Andrássy út boulevard in Pest stretches from Downtown (Belváros) to the City Park (Városliget). It is listed on UNESCO World Heritage List and has some important sights along it, including:
On Buda side there are:
Music related Museums: Music lovers, beware that all four museums are closed in August.
Additional Museums:
Budapest offers a multitude of fairs and festivals. A few of them are
Performing arts - Classical music
Apart from a renowned music scene, Hungary has a surprisingly rich theatre and art scene and, not surprisingly, Budapest is the epicenter of it. Season begins in mid-September and ends in June. Productions range from classic dramas and traditional operas to post-modern dance performances. The following venues can be particularly interesting for non-Hungarians. Tickets are bookable about one month beforehand at Interticket, the Hungarian theaters' official booking engine for a small (10% + HUF 50) booking fee: [105]
Serves as a venue for the Danube Symphony Orchestra, the Danube Folk Ensemble and the Rajko Gypsy Orchestra and Folk Ensemble.
The HHH is the historical building also known as the "Vigadó" (Entertainment Hall) of Buda. The building is located in Fő utca (High Street), between Batthyány tér (Batthyány Square) and Clark Ádám tér (Adam Clark Circus).
The building was designed in Eclectic style by Aladár Árkay and Mór Kallina. It was constructed between 1898-1900. The relative simplicity of the façade is contrasted by the rich Art Nouveau ornamentation in the interior. The building was designed to serve the multiple cultural needs of the contemporary middle-class citizens of Buda. It was a cultural complex comprised of a theater, a library, a café and a restaurant.The most impressive parts of the interior are the hall with its columns and wide marble staircase, the ornamented lounge, and the adjacent auditorium.
Features performances by the Hungarian State Folk Ensemble.
Home to organ concerts by the famous organ player Miklós Teleki accomapnied by flutist, Eleonora Krusic and opera singer Kolos Kováts.
In spite of increasing funding difficulties, quality cinema has remained alive in Budapest. For contemporary non-mainstream European and Hungarian titles turn to Budapest's excellent art house movie chain, Art mozi [121], most of their branches are provided with a café or pub and offer pleasant atmosphere to spend your evening. A few selected cinemas of this chain:
Mainstream cinemas mainly show subtitled (or dubbed) Hollywood films and Hungarian romantic movies. After the shopping center revolution in the late 90s, more than two thirds of the city's cinema screens are run by international chains and franchises. Two examples are:
Thermal baths
Budapest offers a truly exceptional density of thermal springs and its fame is still rising as a major European Spa location - so go "bathing". The baths are among last vestige of Turkish culture in Budapest; some baths indeed date back to Turkish times. However, Hungarians have modified and moulded this tradition into something of their own during the last four centuries.
Thermal baths contain several thermal pools. They are usually complemented with multiple steam baths (in later decades also denoted by the Finnish word 'sauna'), massage services and other therapies including drinking cures. Unlike in some Scandinavian or German baths, Budapest baths mostly require you to wear your bathing suit! Among foreigners, Russians seem to be most frequent visitors to Budapest's baths, followed by Italians and Americans.
In recent decades a tradition of night bath parties has evolved, often revolving around various branches of electronic music, see e.g. [127].
Traditional public baths
Traditional public baths used to have a slightly outdated but nowadays improving service and admission system and allow an authentic bathing experience with locals around you. At the cash desk, you sometimes have to select treatments in advance (often they are offered in distinct places of the building). Bathing time is not restricted, and, depending on the system, if you're finished earlier, part of your fee is repaid. Towels and sometimes bathrobe can be rented either at the entrance or inside. Changing clothes can be done either in a common area with lockers (gender segregated) or in cabins (kabinok) which may come in different size and is highly useful for families. While newer systems may be introduced, according to the proper ancient ritual you're handed a token with a number, which is also written on a chalkboard inside(!) the cabin door as a security code - you must remember cabin number. To access your cabin again, show your cabin and a token to attendant, and s/he'll open the door and check the number inside. Note that in swimming pools, swimming caps are sometimes obligatory (and often available for sale or rent).
Modern baths
There are also very modern baths (like Danubius Grand Thermal Hotel) which are usually called spas, although their central component are thermal pool and multitude of steam baths/saunas, which is not always typical for spas in the rest of the world.
Active Leisure
The Pál-völgyi–Mátyás-hegyi cave system is recommended for the adventurous (and non-claustrophobic) who wants a great taste of "proper caving" instead of the more "tourist friendly" alternatives. The tours lasts between 2.5-3 hours and much of the time is spent crawling or climbing, so some degree of physical shape is needed. The guided tour includes a helmet, headlamp and overall so bring good shoes! Guides are very professional. English guided tours are usually on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays late in the afternoon, but can be pre-booked by groups at other days as well. For booking you need to be with at least 4 people.
Please do not litter, write your name on the cave wall or damage the cave in any other way! Part of the experience is the feeling of being in unspoiled nature.
There are a number of universities and other tertiary institutions in Budapests. Many of them offer degrees or courses in English, German, or French. Particularly popular, even though not cheap, are the medical university courses offered in German and English.
Generally speaking, finding a full-time job is fairly difficult unless you speak Hungarian. You should also be prepared that Western standards at job interviews regarding personal life and diversity issues do not always apply. Do not be surprised if you are asked about your smoking habits. Also, companies are not always prepared to fully understand and accept people from diverse backgrounds. You should be prepared that most places wont hire you until you speak at least a little Hungarian. Restaurants with a specific countries cuisine (such as Italian restaurants and pizzerias) tend to hire people from that country for making the food more authentic.
Most of the visitors from far away end up shopping in Pest in the middle of the city: Váci utca and nearby. It is historically the most expensive part of the city. You'll find Hungarian linens and lace, pottery, and other items, in souvenir shops.
You definitely want to visit the Great Market Hall (Nagy Vásárcsarnok) at Fővám tér the recently renovated markethall with essential atmosphere (it's at the south end of Vaci). Prices for the same items vary a lot between sellers and aren't set in stone so be sure to compare and bargain.
Non-speciality shopping
Also, chain stores can be found along the Váci utca (C&A, H&M, Clinique, Estee Lauder, New Yorker, etc).
The shopping malls locally known as "Plazas" are usually good for buying clothes, but prices may vary wildly even in shops next to each other. For electronics, the cheap supermarkets like Electro World and Media Markt are good targets, but the quality is on par with the prices. Due to the low cost of labour, a tradition in repairing mobile phones and other appliances exists, and buying second hand electronics is normal. This service is usually offered in smaller private shops.
Absinthe is available for purchase at common liquor stores, a must-have purchase for the European traveler. Many brands available in the Market Hall and liquor stores are of poor quality (or not even "real" Absinthe).
For young local designers' items there are plenty of shops around the city. Big range of design souvenirs can be found in Fregolishop next to Kalvin square or Printa between Deak square and Astoria. On fliers of 'Stylewalker' you can find listed all the local design stores, best hair dressers cafés of Budapest's 5th district.
Local specialities often revolve around meat (pork, beef, veal, or poultry), often involve liberal use of paprika, however not necessary of the hot kind. Note that - due to a historical translation error - "goulash soup" is indeed a soup, not the "goulash" that visitors may be familiar with from home which is known as "pörkölt".
Major specialities include (google image search can aid your imagination):
From the desserts, you may not want to miss
Coffeehouses (kávéház) were a traditional Budapest institution, somewhat resembling Viennese lifestyle. Visit to one should be on every traveller's agenda. These are places are great to spend some time at a cup of coffee and a delicious cake, but some of them (especially in the higher price range) offer meals as well.
With dozens of places in the city, the best-know, landmark coffeehouses (and among priciest) are:
Hugarian cuisine and restaurant experiences are happily remembered by visitors, even if the Hungarian diet may seem rather meat-based to many western visitors. The city has large variety of great places to eat at prices quite reasonable for western-Europeans. Like in some other cities, a number of restaurants see tourists as scapegoats. It is a good idea to avoid restaurants in the heart of the most touristic areas like Váci utca, especially if all customers seem foreigners - here you'll more likely than not be served mediocre food with a high bill padded with number of bizarre charges. In some restaurants anything you don't explicitly ask for, but appears on your table, is likely to be charged for. Don't take restaurant tips from suspicious individuals on the streets, ask at your hotel or local friends.
A wide variety of decent food for not reasonable prices can be found at the lively Raday utca, venue of a number of cultural events, near Kálvin tér. But simply strolling the more central areas - e.g. near the Great Ringroad (Nagykörút), or the Pozsonyi út - will be enough to bump into nice places to test local cooking skill (though not necessarily with a menu available in English). Top-notch quality food (1st category restaurants) charge a wide range of prices (from starters around 1000 HUF, main courses around 3,000-10,000 HUF, and menus from 5,000 HUF). Perhaps the most reputed among top restaurants is the Gundel [139] near Városliget - check the prices before you decide to go, but it offers a good value Sunday brunch for some 5000 HUF.
Walking along the Danube on the Pest side, you see a lot of restaurant and bar boats. Most of them serve traditional Hungarian and international dishes, some of them are function more as bars. Thanks to the beautiful panorama across the Danube and the castle, these places provide an unforgettable experience.
Only cross-district chains are listed here; see district articles for individual restaurants.
Govinda has two restaurants see maps at [142]
Dinner Cruises
Sightseeing ships on the Danube that serve meals are quite popular with tourists. It's a way to enjoy a view of the city from the Danube while enjoying a meal of authentic Hungarian cuisine.
This cruise is available everyday. The meeting point is at the Danube Palace (1051 Zrinyi Street 5.) at 18:30. Tickets may be booked ahead on the website, by phone (+36 1 317 1377; +36 1 317 2754) or may be purchases at the cash desk at the Daunbe Palace.
Grocery shopping
Needless to say, if you want to take home some Hungarian paprika, Pick szalámi, or Tokalyi wine, grocery shops are naturally cheaper than specialised souvenir kiosks. In the central areas, you will find smaller grocery shops such as the Hungarian chains GRoby, CBA, (sometimes Rotschild's) as well as the usual European suspects Spar, Kaiser's, Plus, and Tesco Express.
Further from the centre, you can find foreign-owned hypermarkets like Auchan, Tesco and Cora with the usual range of goods.
As a good tourist, you should buy local products.
Halal food is not traditional for Budapest but a number of places are available recently. Check this Muslim site for Meat shops (húsboltok) and restaurants (Éttermek) [144].
A version of Döner Kebab (as known e.g. in Germany) is sold under the Greek name Gyros (often by Turks!). Translated from Turkish Döner, Gyros means "rotate" or "spintop" in Greek - a reference to the meat being rotated on a stake. One good moderately priced Turkish Halal place is Szeráj on Szt. István körút opposite to the theatre building of "Vígszínház", between Nyugati tér Margaret Bridge.
Hungary is famous for its wines produced at Balaton area and Eger. Among red wines the best are Kékfrankos, Egri Bikavér "Bulls Blood" and white wines the Szürkebarát and Chardonnay are popular. You should try not to miss out on the Hungarian spirit, palinka, made from fruits such as, plum, apricot, cherry or williams pears.
Unique Hungarian soft drinks to try are Traubi Szoda (a white grape soda) and Márka (a sour cherry soda).
Arriving trains are often met by touts offering free rides to hostels, as well as little old grannies offering their apartments for rent. Try to figure out exactly where you're going before you choose - or, better yet, visit any of the many travel agencies to browse the many options in a more comfortable environment.
The most expensive digs are on or near Castle Hill,dozens of reliable backpacker hostels are mostly across the river in Pest. However, Buda has better air quality due to the closeness of the hills and the forests lying to the west from the city.
Apartments may be a cheap alternative for those making extended stays. An other great way to stay in Budapest is to rent an apartment directly from a local. Airbnb, [145], or Wimdu offers a wide variety of apartments which could be rented directly from locals.
Calling outside Budapest press city code (Budapest is 36-1) or mobile (06 -30/ 70 /20 ) Calling international press 00 + country code + area code + local number (Hungary country code is 36).
Mobile phones work in the metro, even in tunnels between stations.
Some phone booths take coins (including € coins), but others only take pre-paid cards. The posted number for credit card calls will lead to unexpectedly high charges ($1 for a one minute call to the US) and is to be avoided. Unfortunately, you cannot trust T-mobile to charge reasonable prices on their pay phones. You can make international calls from callshops and internet cafés at more reasonable prices.
Budapest is one of the most WiFi enabled cities in Europe. You can find hundreds of free WiFi hotspots all over the city - in cafes, restaurants, shopping malls and hotels, or even parks or busy streets.
In VII district (Erzsébetváros), which is surrounded by Károly körút, Király utca and Rákóczi út, free WiFi is provided by the government all over the district - in the cafes, shops, in the streets.
Wifi Networks
However, there are still some hotels and restaurants using offering paid WiFi usage, including the following:
Internet Cafes
There are many internet cafes throughout the city. Prices average 200 HUF/hour.
Stay safe
As a visitor to any other big city, having your pockets picked is the most common crime against tourists. The rate of picked pockets is relatively low by Western European and U.S. standards, and you're unlikely to have any problem if you follow some basic rules you wouldn't forget in Paris, Brussels or Vienna. The most important rules are that you never wear a backpack or purse on your back in public transportation or other places with a lot of people, and make sure that you have your wallet in one of your front pockets.
Hungarian policemen rarely speak English. Tourists have no reason to be afraid of them unless breaking the law.
During the peak tourist season, police patrolling major tourist areas are accompanied by bilingual or multi-lingual students who assist with problems or complaints. Police have also opened a 24/7 TourInform office in one of Budapest's busiest areas. It is located at Suto Street 2, District V, and they are able to receive complaints and render assistance in English and German.
Luckily, Budapest has no off-limit zones, particularly not in the touristy areas or nearby. As a traveller, you should take only normal precautions: don't show off your money and don't wear flashy jewellery. Magyars tend to be friendly with foreigners; racism or xenophobia against tourists is practically unknown. Violent crimes are rare, and the main concern for locals is to protect their home against break-ins rather than worry about having their purse robbed.
By night
Mostly there's no reason to have concerns about Budapest by night. In practice, the whole city, including all the touristy areas, Pest within the inner ring road (the line of Szent István körút–Teréz körút–Erzsébet körút–József körút–Ferenc körút, popularly known as Nagykörút), and Buda are safe even before dawn. Most locals avoid walking alone by night in outer zones of districts 8th and 9th in Pest, as these are shady, though not particularly dangerous areas. Areas in 8th district behind Népszinház utca - József körút can be a bit risky, although the district is CCTV monitored by the police. If you don't have special thing to do there, try not to have a walk at night at Lujza, Dankó, Magdolna Streets and their surroundings: also, it's not a very attractive area. Népszinház utca itself is not a very nice place after dark but usually not risky.
Some big panel areas outskirts of the city (parts of Újpest and Kőbánya, residential areas unknown by tourists) also not the best places to have a walk without knowing where to go. Area of Keleti pályaudvar is also not very friendly, but usually nothing happens. Avoid homeless people asking for money or selling something in the big underpasses. The subway at Nyugati tér collects different types of people; it is generally not risky because of heavy traffic day and night, but try not to look very "lost" there.
Beautiful during the day, bigger public parks like Városliget, are better avoided at night. Don't take a healthy walk at Népliget after dark. The famous 'chill-out' place at Római part (3th district) can be deserted especially after 1AM and in the winter season, although it's usually safe. Don't go to the dark paths alone around Citadella at night.
Night buses and the tram no.6 passing through the city center can be very crowded at peak socialising times on Friday and Saturday nights. You may come across aggressive drunk youngsters on the vehicles or at the stops. Keep a low profile or avoid the public transportation system on weekend nights. Major night lines are now guarded by security staff.
If you are arriving at night using public transport from the airport, be aware that the last station of Metro 3 at Kőbánya-Kispest is also not very friendly after dark, because of reconstruction work. It is better if you use the train from Terminal 1 to Nyugati, or just taking a cab.
Tourist traps
Like in several cities of the world, in Budapest the major scams for the inexperienced tourist are taxis and restaurants. Much of the following would apply to a number of touristic cities in Europe.
Less than a decade ago, Taxis used to be a traveler's nightmare, mainly for those arriving from or going to the airport. Luckily the situation is getting better: Főtaxi - contracted partner of the airport - is so far reported to be reliable and works according to advertised prices; for details read the Airport transfer chapter. Főtaxi has a stand outside the terminal building, enjoying the exclusive right to wait there, though other companies can come to pick up passengers if called by phone. Sometimes scam taxi drivers will still solicit services inside the terminal to take you for a ride with a very hungry meter. (Főtaxi replaced Zóna Taxi as contractor in 2010, hence some information on the internet may still name Zóna Taxi as airport taxi).
Alternatives to Főtaxi include to call another trusted cab (saving €5-10), or to use the Airport Minibus service. Airport Minibus has a booth inside the terminal and they will allocate you to a minibus with several other travellers who are going to the same area of town. Depending on how lucky you are, yours may be the first destination or the last. However, it is only cheaper than a taxi if you are travelling alone. If you travel the from the city to the airport, pre-order your taxi on the chosen company's phone number or call for the Airport Minibus.
Unfortunately, the situation around railway and bus stations is still not regulated. The worst is probably Keleti Pályaudvar: never trust drivers hanging around the arrival side; rather, order a taxi by phone (Some cars display their company's number). If that's not possible, take only taxis with a logo of the bigger companies, and with a proper sign on the roof and taxi licence plate. As a general rule, make sure the taximeter is on (and not set to the special "extortionate rate for unwary tourists") or agree the price with the driver beforehand. Many cases have been reported in which taxi drivers have extorted hundreds of Euros from unwary visitors. Smaller crimes include being given change in worthless, obsolete Romanian or other currency, which is not instantly recognizable by tourists as non-Hungarian currency. Other drivers take a longer route, which means a higher price, if you don't have an agreed price. If you have an agreed price, you can be sure to arrive to your destination in the shortest route possible. A typical taxi drive within the central zones should be in the range of 1000-3000 HUF (ca. 3-10 EUR) as of mid 2012.
Similar abuses have also happened in restaurants and bars, almost all of them in the vicinity of Váci utca in the touristy heart of Pest. You should avoid the eateries and bars of the zone. However, these are not typical, the majority of restaurants and pubs in Budapest are reliable. In Hungary it's compulsory to put the menu card outside the entrance; if it's not the case, don't enter. A good strategy is to eat and drink where locals do.
Don't take any tip on the streets, especially if the person is apparently a gift from heaven and is being very, very nice to you.
Don't befriend the girls hanging around Váci utca, and never accept any invitation for a drink from them: you can be sure that they will lead you to fake Champagne, but you will be left only with the bill, and it's unlikely that a small conversation with them will be worth the hundreds of euros. You'll find the same sort of girls in erotic and topless bars; avoid them unless you're ready to pay your monthly salary for a glass of wine. Currently the standard trick is to produce a menu with small print at the bottom stating that the first drink costs HUF 15,000 and consumption is compulsory. This modified menu might be produced only when the bill is presented. Most of the erotic bars in Budapest are tourist traps. As of December 2009, this scam is still happening on a daily basis.
A common scam[146] now (06/2008) is for attractive women to walk up to men and ask for directions to a particular bar. If you respond "I don't know", they will ask you if you have a map and say "let's go together" they commonly tell you a story such as "I just got in from Bratislava and am just looking for a good place to get a drink..."
The most popular scam [147] involves a blond girl and a shorter girl with dark hair. They always act together and ask for a cigarette or the time. Next, they invite single men for a drink, in a bar at Váci utca only accessible by an elevator from the street. Once there, each drink costs around €50, but you only find that out at the end when you receive the €500 bill. So never go to the elevator bar (Városközpont) at Váci utca.
The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of blacklisted erotic-clubs and restaurants: [148].
Money conversion: Like in other places, even if a restaurant or bar accepts euros, it is better to have forints since their conversion rate is usually way worse than the rate at exchange offices. It is better to avoid exchange offices inside airports and railway stations, those in the center of the city offer a much better exchange rate.
If you see people gambling on the streets, usually in popular tourists' destinations like Buda Castle, stay away! The modus operandi usually involves a guy playing the classic game of "hiding the ball". This involves covering the ball (or small trinket) with either a bottle cap or a match box and swirling it around with two other bottle caps asking people to guess the position of the ball. The game is set in a way that you can easily see the ball's position. This is done to lure the unsuspecting person into placing a wager. There are usually two main players and, between them, they will lose and win money back and forth to give the appearance that it is a fair game: do not be tricked! They are from the same gang. Once you get greedy and get lured in, you will surely lose your money! The person in control of the bottle caps will remove the ball from their position through sleight of hand and you will never see your money back. Besides the two or three other players involved, there are usually at least two lookouts: one on each side of 'stage'.
Check out a video of the gang in action trying to lure tourists: [149].
Currently used coins: 5 HUF, 10 HUF, 20 HUF, 50 HUF, 100 HUF, 200 HUF
Currently used banknotes: 500 HUF, 1,000 HUF, 2,000 HUF, 5,000 HUF, 10,000 HUF, 20,000 HUF
Be sure when receiving change that all 1,000 HUF notes contain a vertical silver strip. Older notes without the strip are no longer valid. 200 HUF banknotes are also no longer valid, look out for these too!
Also, when receiving change from a taxi journey, make sure that the money is actually Hungarian. Some taxi drivers have been known to give unsuspecting passengers obsolete Romanian banknotes (lei).
Many reliable exchange shops can be found at the city center near Deák Ferenc tér metro station. For example, there are two shops next to the tourist information. These shops as well as other shops in the area offer a better rate than other banks at tourist spots such as international bus stations and the castle hill. The rate might be even better than getting cash from ATMs. For example, in May 2012, you can get 295HUF/Euro from these shops while you will get 275HUF/Euro at international bus stations and 285HUF/Euro from ATMs. There is also no extra charge.
Important phone numbers
Police 107 Fire:105
Stay healthy
Ambulance: 104 Central Emergency: 112
Get out


text:
Learn about Bushtracks' top safaris, how to best optimize your safari with our expert planners, learn about the three must-see stops in Nairobi, discover the great Serengeti Migration, and how to make your custom safari more affordable.
Over the last 25 years, owners David and Carolyn Tett have shared the intimate, authentic safari experiences of David's youth with several thousand travelers. Many of them have explored Africa with us twice, and some more than a dozen times.
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Key Contents:

subset: commoncrawl


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Judge's Random, Unrelated Rant Against Facebook Leads To Child Porn Sentence Being Overturned
from the wtf? dept
However, that sentencing has now been sent back to the lower court, because the judge who issued the sentence apparently spent a significant amount of time at the sentencing blaming Facebook for child pornography and attacking Mark Zuckerberg. While the full transcript is sealed (due to the fact that the case involves a minor), the ruling to redo the sentencing includes some details:
In justifying its decision to impose a sentence of eight years instead of six, the district court referenced "Facebook, and things like it, and society has changed." ... The court speculated that the proliferation of Facebook would facilitate an increase in child pornography cases. The court said it hoped Mark Zuckerberg (who founded Facebook) was "enjoying all his money because . . . he's going to hurt a lot of people . . . ."Just one problem: the case had nothing to do with Facebook. In fact, it had nothing to do with the internet. And yet the judge claimed that he upped her sentence because of Facebook:
Culver is correct that the court's lengthy discussion of Facebook had no clear connection to the facts of her case. It is plain error for a district court to rely upon its own unsupported theory of deterrence at sentencing, especially where, as here, that theory has little application to the actual facts of the case itself.... This error undoubtedly affected Culver's substantial rights; the court stated that it would have granted a sentence of six years if not for its concerns about Facebook and general deterrence. See Sentencing Hr'g Tr. at 42 ("[W]hat we're looking at is general deterrence, and the general deterrence is very important, and frankly, that's why I went to eight [years] instead of six.").While the government defended the judge's rant, the appeals court points out that given the lack of any connection to the internet at all in this case, it clearly didn't make any sense:
The government argues that the district court was merely concerned about the extent to which various new technologies may facilitate child pornography, rather than Facebook specifically. In that sense, Facebook was a reference to the internet, using synecdoche. But the government does not explain (because it cannot) the role of new technology in this case. Culver did not use the internet to commit her crime, and it should not have played a predominant role in her sentencing.The court further notes that a sentence of 8 years may be entirely appropriate. In fact, it points out that this is below the minimum sentencing guidelines, though it sounds like the court gave Culver a "lower" sentence for cooperating against Sensi, but still notes that the "particularly abhorrent" nature of her crime may still mean that the eventual sentence (or even more) is appropriate, but "that discretion should be exercised without the influence of procedural error."
Indeed. Oh, and in case you're wondering, the judge in question, Warren Eginton, appears to be nearing 90 years old, which may explains some of his misplaced hatred for things like Facebook.


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Rox Fall In Pivotal Matchup Against Waterloo Thursday
The Rox lost a pivotal game against Waterloo by a 4-3 final score Thursday night at Joe Faber Field. St. Cloud falls to three games out of first place with just nine games left in the season.
Waterloo scored a pair of runs in the top of the first inning, but St. Cloud scored a run in each of the second and third innings to tie the game.
The Bucks pulled away for good two more runs in the top of the fifth inning.
Mitchell Kranson had a solo home run and a pair of runs batted in to highlight the Rox offense, which pounded out ten hits in the loss but left nine runners on base.
St. Cloud falls to sixth place with the loss and now stand at 14-14 on the season, three games behind the Bucks for first place. The Rox host Waterloo again tonight at Joe Faber Field.


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Survey: Americans' isolationism on the rise
Most Americans say the nation's influence in world affairs is declining, disapprove of the way President Barack Obama is handling foreign policy and would prefer more emphasis on domestic affairs, according to a new survey from the Pew Research Center.
The survey, conducted with the Council on Foreign Relations, finds just 17 percent of Americans think the country plays a more important and powerful role as a world leader today than it did 10 years ago, while 53 percent say it's less important and powerful now. That's the first time in polling dating back to the 1970s that a majority has said the country's influence is on the decline.
Seven in 10 say the U.S. is less respected than in the past — nearly as high as in May 2008, when Obama's campaign for president emphasized a foreign policy strategy aimed at rebuilding alliances damaged by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Obama's approval ratings for handling foreign policy have since gone negative, with 56 percent disapproving in the new survey.
Nevertheless, 68 percent of Americans still think the U.S. is the world's leading military power, and 51 percent say the country is doing too much to help solve world problems.
The survey, conducted by telephone Oct. 30 through Nov. 6 among a random national sample of 2,003 adults, was accompanied by a poll of 1,838 members of the Council on Foreign Relations, a think tank focused on foreign policy. A plurality of council members who noted Americans' skepticism over foreign involvement felt that was due directly to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan or to a general war fatigue, while 28 percent cited the U.S. economy or the costs associated with international engagement.
The poll's findings suggest that for the general public, however, economic concerns loom larger than Iraq or Afghanistan.
When Americans are asked their priorities for foreign policy, 81 percent say protecting Americans' jobs should be at the top, on par with protecting the country from terrorist attacks. Among members of the Council on Foreign Relations, just 29 percent called protecting domestic jobs a top goal for foreign policy.
The finding that the public prefers an inward focus is consistent with Americans' recent focus on domestic issues. The economy rose to the top of the public's priority list in mid-2008 — ending several years of attention to foreign affairs driven by terrorism and the Iraq war — and it remains the nation's most pressing problem in the eyes of about half of Americans, according to Gallup.
The most frequently cited foreign affairs problem in that poll? Foreign aid and a focus overseas, cited by 2 percent of Americans. Just 1 percent named terrorism a top problem, less than 1 percent mentioned conflicts in the Middle East and no respondents mentioned North Korea or Syria.
As recently as January 2008 in Gallup polling, the war in Iraq outpaced the economy as the nation's top problem.
Follow Jennifer Agiesta on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/JennAgiesta


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Riding with TrueCar
The whole process of buying a car has been upended in the last decade. WSJ's Dennis Berman talks to Scott Painter, the CEO of price discovery website TrueCar.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... I ... Asian ... killing or saving the car dealer and that's the law Street Journal ... Scott pager founder and CEO chew on ... Discovery's had a great discussion intended to be seen ... here ... in Davos ... he really needed some some good season and as a mountain of information ... exchange and are buying process ... is where two dozen thirteen DVD for seven years what is the state of art ... of right now and to information ... and are ... well I think there's an interesting experiment going on certainly in the US about whether or not transparency is good for other retail and whether or not it's good for consumers I think that there's no doubt that it's good for consumers ... think that ... the ability to discover what is a fair price is now available and possible and the question is how the Steelers ... incorporate that successfully into their business so now you when you up ... and near death experience that aren't yet he almost are doing such a good job ... against those prices than usual to you ... preform and ... the company of a toss what you've gone ... attention to ... well I think most importantly what we found is that when you focus so so so heavily on the consumer then when she become relevant you actually have to give dealers the tools ... to use the pri of the science of pricing ... and so that's really where we're at now and I think with the very beginning of the process but we have rebuilt the business ... with this tool sets in mind ... the dealers to understand ... a really ... interpret the market so that they can to get the sauce for our prior view where cyanide dealer saying in the back of the finance department ... I get this thing called TrueCar ... what are the tools that are actually ... using it ... give me Kaufman's I'm actually getting a ... fair price for me is the ... well the show into two parts of the transaction for you as a dealer um in in in order retail it's about tracing ... it's also about closing the transaction ... so the consumer side of that is obviously ... getting confidence that the consumer introducing trusts to better data ... that ... that is really objective ... that the consumer can believe in at the time of the of the purchase ... but the more important part which is where we're getting to know what TrueCar is setting the price is ... probably in the first place and because otherwise you're either setting it too high ... and having to negotiate your way down to a fair price for selling it to lower giving away March ... I think that's the key is having an effect ... that's that's when it's cold up there was one of a couple things ... chemistry dirty secrets read though the real secrets of the auto industry and ... spent so long I mean you know it ... put forth about ... well I think probably um ... but the Bliss reporter thing is to understand the customer I think the Steelers won a more about the customer and so actually the internet is not the dealers and and it really is there for they can learn more about customers before they come into the dealership ... than they ever could before ... I think it is more Ford to earn their trust trust is not something that requires some attention or incentive money ... from a brain and ... you can actually introduced Russ Britt it to the level ... and being transparent and I think friends but also embrace that ... I think from a consumer level you've got to be informed if you go into a dealership in you don't know what others paid ... just going in the norm in your your blog ... course most people but are now you can and so ... was I just use the internet but this certainly did the power of information and understanding specifically ... what others pay for that same card is the only way to understand your say in the in the power between buyer and seller and ... I ... was in Carson power ... has gone to the buyout ... and see what the answer is yes ... if you seek out information the powers of the virus that's for sure ... is ... information hour though or information the ... distracting an overwhelming thing people need to know when you're shopping for our times of ... I think I think what we're finding your the buses are so much interest on the week simplified make a cogent unusable ... for everybody because there is so much information out there ... and had ... made an estimate due to the West zone to ask you to tell ... our viewers the best time of day to buy one ... there's no doubt ... there are better times than others to buy a car ... and of the month is always a good time right I know that though there are there are three or four epic selling when does that occur over the course of the year ... on Thanksgiving weekend ... in the US is always a great time just because you have a model year clearance you haven't and of months you have a ... and and if we did you have all sorts of incentives and the holiday and top ... hats of Black Friday after data but Friday we got one anyway thank you wanna go


text:
by Mike Masnick
Mon, Mar 14th 2011 7:47am
Filed Under:
defamation, free speech, truth
In a ruling that almost certainly will get overturned, a blogger who was sued for libel, and showed that he had spoken truthfully, was still ordered to pay $60,000, in a highly questionable ruling that routed around basic defamation law by claiming the amount ($35,000 for lost wages and $25,000 for "emotional distress") was due to "tortious interference" with employment. The case involved a blogger named John Hoff, who wrote a scathing blog post about Jerry Moore who was apparently involved in a high-profile mortgage fraud. That blog post generated attention and complaints to the University of Minnesota, who had recently hired Moore. The University fired Moore the next day. The lawsuit tried a few claims to get around various protections, including claiming that Hoff was liable for comments made by users by creating a "defamation zone." Thankfully, the court didn't buy into that (a ruling that never would have survived a Section 230 challenge), but apparently did buy into this crazy tortious interference claim. If telling the truth about someone gets them fired, then the issue should never be about the person who told the truth, but the person who did whatever they did to make the truth about them a fireable offense. There's an expectation that Hoff will appeal, and many believe this will be overturned on First Amendment grounds. That seems likely, but it's still a huge process, and in the meantime, this awful ruling stands.
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Reader Comments
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ChurchHatesTucker (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 7:57am
NormalizationObviously the court is trying to normalize our libel laws with those of the UK.
mike allen (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 9:27am
Re: NormalizationThe UK are reforming the libel laws more in line with the USA.
MrWilson, 14 Mar 2011 @ 9:54am
Re: NormalizationWe have to honor our international obligations...
Anonymous Coward, 14 Mar 2011 @ 8:16amBest and most important lines in the linked article:
Don Allen was originally named as a co-defendant because he sent a letter to the U of M urging Moore's termination, then copied the letter to Hoff's blog. Before the case went to trial, he settled with Moore and testified against Hoff. Allen, who operates his own blog, "The Independent Business News Network," applauded the verdict.
"It's unfortunate for all bloggers, but you have to have some sense of responsibility," he said. "You have to attack the issues, not the individuals."
He has it right.
The eejit (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 8:33am
Re:But, it was the truth. IF you cannot tell the truth without fearing financial sanction, then you're fucked. You might as well pick up Gaddafi and put him in charge of America.
Qritiqal (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 8:40am
Re: Re:Um... we did that already 2 years ago...
Mike42 (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 9:06am
Re: Re: Re:More like 10 years ago.
Wiggs (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 8:38am
Re:Wait, what?
So this Dan Allen guy originally was in full agreement with Hoff. Enough so that he took the time and wrote a letter to U of M telling them that they should terminate the plaintiff based on the allegations, AND copied Hoff's blog on it, involving himself in the process and in the "libel".
Then he settles with the plaintiff and does a complete-180 on his own positions, even going so far as to testify AGAINST the blogger?
How does he "have it right"? He was originally *helping* to "attack" the individual! Where was his "sense of responsibility" when he was sending off letters to U of M and copying the blog?
Makes me wonder what that settlement entailed. Hope he feels good selling out his right to free speech.
In my opinion, this is the much more enlightening quote in that article:
Jane Kirtley, a U of M professor of media law and ethics, called the lawsuit an example of "trash torts," in which someone unable to sue for libel, which by definition involves falsity, reaches for another legal claim. She predicted the verdict will be overturned.
"This is based on expression, and expression enjoys First Amendment protection," Kirtley said. Just last week, she said, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the First Amendment protected the Westboro Baptist Church's antigay protests at military funerals.
"I find it really hard to believe that there was a degree of emotional distress caused by this reporting that outstrips that suffered by [a Marine's] family," Kirtley said.
btr1701 (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 10:02am
Re: Hypocrisy> He has it right.
I don't know about that, but what's clear is that he's a spectacular hypocrite.
He jumped on the bandwagon, wrote a letter to the university to try and get Moore fired, then switched sides when he got sued for it. Now it's suddenly all about attacking "issues, not individuals".
Larry Bodine, 14 Mar 2011 @ 8:17am
Where can I find the opinion?Hi - very valuable post. Can you tell us the case caption? Are any of the court documents online?
Larry Bodine
Anonymous Coward, 14 Mar 2011 @ 9:13am
The judge should be removedJudges who egregiously violate the constitution need to be removed from the bench. This isn't "interpretation"..... and constitution is VERY clear. "Shall make no law". This clearly abridges freedom of speech.
This is judicial terrorism, pure and simple
Anonymous Coward, 14 Mar 2011 @ 10:36am
Re: The judge should be removedFreedom of speech ends where it hurts other people's basic freedoms. It isn't an absolute.
"Fire", anyone?
Anonymous Coward, 14 Mar 2011 @ 10:50am
Re: Re: The judge should be removedWhat freedom exists that prevents others from telling the truth about you?
Be specific, TAM.
Anonymous Coward, 14 Mar 2011 @ 11:11am
Re: Re: The judge should be removedIf their is a Fire, you can yell Fire.
hobo, 14 Mar 2011 @ 12:11pm
Re: Re: The judge should be removedYou can shout, "fire," in a crowded place when there is a fire, and there shouldn't be legal repercussions.
Lester Hunt, 14 Mar 2011 @ 10:00am
This is NutsHow can something that is not otherwise tortious be a "tortious interference"? And how can the truth possibly be libelous??
Anonymous Coward, 14 Mar 2011 @ 12:43pm
Re: This is NutsI agree - to succeed with the tortious interference claim, the fact-finder must find (among other things) that the defendant intentionally and improperly interfered with a contractual relation. Courts have said that improper means are those that are independently wrongful such as threats or violence... Harman v. Heartland Food Co., 614 N.W.2d 236. I can't find the underlying wrongful conduct here. It doesn�t even seem like he was encouraging the University to breach, only criticizing the hiring choice.
Berenerd (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 10:03am
If this goes through.....then we are all screwed because the AC Trolls will get us...
Anonymous Coward, 14 Mar 2011 @ 10:06ami find it hard to believe his employment was terminated solely based on these 2 people's 'interference'. i'm an employee at the UofM, an IT. generally, you can terminate anyone's employment within usually a year for any reason other than something covered under EEOC. so maybe they didn't like the cut of his jib for whatever reason, it doesn't necessarily reflect on what this blog post said. the strib article never mentions the level of interference, just that a letter was written. was it read? who read it? and was that letter and blog post were cited as reasons for termination? (usually they have you say things like "you're just not a good fit for us.")
P3T3R5ON (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 10:26am
Really?The fact that cases like this make it into our court system scare the crap out of me. Thank God for the appeals court otherwise we'd all be screwed when an idiotic complainent and an unwise judge meet the same court room.
ts, 14 Mar 2011 @ 10:35amNext thing you know, criminals will be suing people for reporting them to the police. And they'll probably win.
Noah V, 5 Jul 2011 @ 10:41pm
Criminals suing witnesses for defamationIt was tried:
spencermatthewp, 14 Mar 2011 @ 11:29am
Truth is not a defense for libelI don't know what decision, but I remember hearing some time ago that a court decided that truth is not a defense for libel. In other words using facts for the sole purpose of destroying the lively-hood or reputation of another person is still libel. Essentially it goes to intent.
My guess is that the blogger exposed this information with the intent of destroying this person's career. That is, after all, how a modern journalist makes a name for his or her self. The more prominent the member of society the journalist takes down, the more advancement he or she will make.
It would be interesting to see the facts of the case rather than simply saying this is a free speech issue. Yes, a person can say what ever you want, when ever he or she wants, where ever he or she wants. And yes a person should be able to do so. However, no one should be allowed to willfully and intentionally destroy another person's life. With great power comes great responsibility.
m, 14 Mar 2011 @ 11:56am
Re: Truth is not a defense for libelBut is abandoning that "responsibility" a crime? Sure, in a perfect world, it would be an asshole thing to do. But you really want to prosecute someone for telling the truth? Who cares what his intentions are, hes telling the truth!
Anonymous Coward, 14 Mar 2011 @ 12:49pm
Re: Truth is not a defense for libelAre you sure that case wasn't in the UK? Or awarding damages under a common law theory related to defamation? In the US , truth is a defense to defamation-intent is only relevant to prove actual malice, and that is only a factor once someone's "fame" has been determined.
The eejit (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 1:13pm
Re: Truth is not a defense for libelThat was British Homoeopathy Socioety V Singh, which was overturned on appeal.
Anonymous Howard, Cowering, 15 Mar 2011 @ 4:43am
Re: #20 Truth is not a defense for libelUmmm...
Yes, it is. Look up the definitions for each.
Libel requires defamation.
Defamation requires false or unjustified.
Truth excludes false.
Intent is mentioned only in your post...
Pickle Monger (profile), 14 Mar 2011 @ 3:24pm
Best analysisLooks like Wonkette had the best quote on this story saying:
"Did they pull this jury from a crayon-eating convention or has it really gotten this bad?"
http://wonkette.com/440546/vile-blogger-fined-60000-for-malicious-factually-accurate-reportin g


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Counselor Education
WIU Home > COEHS > QC > CNED > Future Students
Getting Started
School Counselor Licensure for Non-Teacher Certified Applicants
Apply Now!
Please note: The next application deadline is February 1st, 2017. There will NOT be a fall application deadline in 2017. The next Department deadline after the 2.1.17 deadline will be 2.1.18. Thank you!
Download the application by clicking here.
(Please make sure the file was revised 12.8.16. This is the most current application)
Why Become a Professional Counselor?
People have many different reasons for deciding they want to become a counselor. Some people choose this career because they once had a good experience with a counselor during a difficult time in their own life and they want to "pay it forward." Another person may have done some volunteer work at a crisis hotline and realized that they enjoyed both the challenges and joys of working with clients facing difficult times. Yet another person may have been told that they are a good listener and they ought to consider working as a mental health professional.
Whatever the reasons, individuals that choose to seek a career in counseling usually have one thing in common - a desire to help people work through life's challenges. Some individuals want to work primarily with children or teens. Others prefer to work with adults. Some want to work in specific settings, such as K-12 schools or college campuses. Others prefer to work in a community setting such as a mental health center or private practice setting.
Counseling can offer the right individual a rewarding career path in a health profession that is growing. It requires a strong desire to interact with people, exceptional communication skills, and an ability to complete a graduate degree. Choosing to become a professional counselor is a commitment to yourself, to others, and to society as a whole.
---Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs
Commitment to Diversity
In order to guarantee that each individual is free to pursue his or her potential, each member of the American Counseling Association (ACA) is charged to (a) engage in ongoing examination of his or her own attitudes, feelings, stereotypic views, perceptions, and behaviors that might have prejudicial or limiting impact on others; (b) contribute to an increased sensitivity on the part of other individuals, groups, or institutions to the barriers to opportunity imposed by discrimination; and (c) advocate equal rights for all individuals through concerted personal, professional, and political activity.
---ACA Human Rights Committee's 1987 Statement on Tolerance
M.S.Ed. in Counseling
School Counseling Specialization
The School Counseling option prepares students for work as elementary and/or secondary school counselors in public and private schools. The school counselor option within the Department of Counselor Education is the only program at Western Illinois University that prepares students for school counselor certification/licensure. Upon successful completion of the degree requirements students will receive a Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed.) in Counseling.
Please click on the following link to watch a video produced by the American School Counseling Association (ASCA) to learn more about the role school counselors play and how school counselors contribute to student success...VIDEO
Clinical Mental Health Counseling Specialization
The Clinical Mental Health Counseling option prepares students for work as clinical mental health counselors in a variety of clinical settings, such as mental health centers, rehabilitation hospitals, recovery centers, private practice, university counseling centers, and employee assistance programs. Upon successful completion of the degree requirements students will receive a Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed.) in Counseling.


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What's New
Royal Bavarian Plain Font by Wiescher Design
RoyalBavarian was comissioned by King Ludwig 1st of Bavaria about 1834. He was probably the greatest king Bavaria ever had, but he fell in disgrace for a short affair with the famous infamous Lola Montez and subsequently had to resign. He died 1868 peaceful and happy in Nice on the French Riviera.
I happened on an original etching of his type-guidelines for official writers of those days about 20 years ago. I always thought it was a very nice Fraktur (Blackletter), not a sturdy militaristic one as most of them are. Being me, I started with first tests immediately and then just forgot the font on my computer. When I was sorting out old stuff a couple of months ago I happened on the etchings once again and kept on working on and off on the letters. More…
Tags: Font, Historical


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P. Diddy Applaudes Lil Wayne For Bringing Hip Hop Back "He's The Greatest Youngest Rapper Alive"
Diddy Blog: Hip Hop is Alive!
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Lectures PDFs of slides are best viewed in Adobe Acrobat, rather than in your browser.
Short Course
Visualizing Model Inference and Robustness
This is a 9-hour short course version of the full Data Visualization course; the lectures for the full term course are below. Students taking the short course will also need these additional resources:
Topic 1
Topic 2
Principles for the Visual Display of Scientific Information
Topic 3
Cognitive Issues in Visualization
Topic 4
We will examine two R scripts: a script using the base R graphics to show confidence intervals around a regression line, and another script using grid R graphics to accomplish the same task. A third, more advanced grid graphics script replaces ticks with gridlines and packs the grid graphics code inside a more general and usable function, contained in this required helper file. The final graphic can be viewed here. All three scripts require this dataset. Interested students can find detailed instructions for downloading, installing, and learning my recommended software for quantitative social science here. Focus on steps 1.1 and 1.3 for now, and then, optionally, step 1.2.
Topic 5
Exploratory Data Analysis: Between Data & Model
Topic 6
Download instructions for the tile package can be found under the Software tab at left. We will discuss three examples in detail:
Topic 7
Interactive Visual Displays with R + Shiny
The Shiny package makes it easy to convert your R code and graphics, including those made with the tile package, into interactive displays for the web. We'll work through the written Shiny tutorial at the bottom of this page. We will discuss several other examples in class, including this example from your instructor using tile and Shiny to show who got the most medals in the Olympics using different medal aggregation formulas. The underlying code for the example is in this zip archive; feel free to study the code and come to class with questions.
Topic 8
Advanced Latex for Scientific Typesetting
Time permitting, we will consider the use of modern Latex typesetting tools, especially Xetex and the fontspec package. We'll discuss my caxetexFree stylesheet (manual; .sty file). Students new to Latex should read the Not So Short Introduction to Latex first.
Gallery 1
Gallery 2
Maps as Visual Displays of Information
Gallery 3
Gallery 4
Grayscale Images of Continuous Data
Gallery 5
Gallery 6
Heatmaps for Visualizing Continuous Dyadic Data
Gallery 7
Ternary Plots for Compositional Data Analysis
Student Assignments
Due in class 22 January 2019
You will need these data.
Due in class 7 February 2019
Due in class 14 March 2019
Breakout Group
Individual memo due before group meets; Group memo due by 20 February
Students will join a small group to discuss a visual display problem of common interest; creation and organization of these groups to be coordinated through the web. Students will write a 2-5 page memo before the first group meeting, and each group will write a 5-8+ page essay for the class on what they have learned, to be distributed by 25 February. Groups will answer questions from the class during the week of 25 February. See the syllabus for further details.
Final Poster
Presented during the final three to five classes
On an assigned day during the last two weeks of the course, each student will present a poster applying the tools learned in class to their own research. Alternatively, students can take an article published in their field and show how better visuals would either more clearly convey the findings or cast doubt on them. The final presentation may address problems raised in the breakout session or problem sets, but it is usually more fruitful for students to tackle a new problem.
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