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It's time to see how Mr. Excitement can shake up Friday night, but it's also time for Daniel Bryan to fall deeper into villainy and for R-Truth to keep crawling back towards the light. Plus, Drew McIntyre returns ... did you miss him?
The first image awaiting us is a descending steel cage surrounding the ring as David Otunga introduces tonight's guest GM: John Laurinaitis. Laurinaitis says that temporarily deposed GM Teddy Long would never start the show with a steel cage championship match, but that is his gift to us.
Match #1 – Jack Swagger (w/ Dolph Ziggler & Vickie Guerrero) vs. Santino Marella (champion) – for the United States Championship
Sporting a new combed-over hairstyle, Swagger has fully embraced his inner Biff Tannen (research Back to the Future, kids). Santino is in trouble from the get-go, as he is both out-wrestled and out-muscled.
His most effective attacks come out of desperation, with a Cobra on Swagger as he is falling back in a side suplex, and therefore not able to make the cover, and later with a Tornado DDT as Swagger tries prying him off the cage.
After Ziggler is ejected for climbing up the side of the cage, Guerrero takes matters into her own hands to try and win the belt back for her guy. As Swagger holds Santino by the ankle to keep him from sliding out through the door, Guerrero swings the door shut without noticing that Santino has pulled Swagger towards the door instead. Swagger is knocked back and Santino slides out as Guerrero screams.
Winner via slithery escape and STILL United States Champion: Santino Marella
Backstage, the Long, Laurinaitis, & Otunga show continues. Long begs Laurinaitis to call off the match between Kane and Aksana, but Laurinaitis has an intriguing reply. He challenges Long to a match, and if Long wins, Aksana will fight Kane.
Back in the ring, Drew McIntyre is here thanks to Laurinaitis voiding his dismissal from last week –- if he wins tonight, that is. The Great Khali lumbers down to the ring, much to McIntyre's chagrin, but Otunga appears again to tell Khali that he's not in the match. Instead...
Match #2 – Drew McIntyre vs. Hornswoggle
With Khali watching from ringside, McIntyre bodyslams Hornswoggle twice and then gives him what can only be called a wedgie-backbreaker. The referee stops the match soon afterwards.
Winner via decision: Drew McIntyre
As McIntyre celebrates his regained employment, Khali chops him down and attends to Hornswoggle.
Before the break, we see Teddy Long in preparation for his match, convincing Aksana that he has to take on this fight. After the break, Laurinaitis is warming up when Otunga tells him that Kane is one angry monster tonight.
Match #3 – Ezekial Jackson vs. Mark Henry
Jackson gets a few early licks in, even drawing some blood from Henry's nose. Henry responds angrily with a World's Strongest Slam.
Winner via pinfall: Mark Henry
Match #4 – John Laurinaitis (w/ David Otunga) vs. Teddy Long (w/ Aksana)
Laurinaitis is sporting full body-length ringwear that makes Michael Cole look stylish and athletic. When Long refuses to lay down for the loss, Laurinaitis calls down Kane. As the big man stalks Aksana, Randy Orton makes the save and RKOs Kane out of the picture. Long takes advantage of the distraction with a roll-up for the win.
Winner via pinfall: Teddy Long
Match #5 – Kofi Kingston & R-Truth vs. Primo & Epico (w/ Rosa Mendes)
R-Truth is in full babyface mode, even throwing out a "What's up" to the crowd. After Kingston is cut off and double-teamed for a lengthy stretch, R-Truth gets in and hits both Primo and Epico so hard they may actually be able to see Little Jimmy. R-Truth puts Primo away.
Winners via pinfall: R-Truth & Kofi Kingston
Next up is a "Michael Cole exclusive" as he interviews both Sheamus and Daniel Bryan. Here's the short version: Bryan says he hasn't just been lucky in his title reign, while Sheamus promises that he's going to win at Wrestlemania. AJ, on the other hand, doesn't get a chance to talk as Bryan tells her to shut up.
That's the end of the exclusive as wrestlers start filling up the ring for a six-man match.
Match #6 – Daniel Bryan, Cody Rhodes, & The Miz vs. Randy Orton, Sheamus, & Big Show
Quick tags mark this match as most of the participants get a chance to strut their stuff: a Big Show chop on former tag partner The Miz sends him scrambling for the tag, bringing in Rhodes. Rhodes, though, doesn't want any part of Big Show and tags Miz back in again.
Coming back from break, neither Bryan nor Sheamus have any trouble mixing it up before their Wrestlemania bout, with Bryan getting the upper hand. Pretty soon, they take their fight outside as Big Show chases Rhodes to the back. Orton and Miz, with really nothing to hold against one another, finish the match with Orton delivering an RKO.
Winners via pinfall: Randy Orton, Sheamus, & Big Show
After the bell, Kane pulls Orton from the ring and they have a brawling tour of the ringside area and stands.
Dave Hillhouse sees no discernable difference between the way Laurinaitis and Long run their shows, and is therefore still waiting patiently for the identity of the anonymous Raw GM to be revealed.


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PARIS – Sexual violence as a weapon of war and as an outcome
of turmoil and disaster is inflicting a terrifying toll on women, the
United Nations said on Wednesday.
"Women rarely wage war, but they too often suffer the worst of its
consequences," the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) said in its annual
snapshot of the state of the world's population.
"Gender-based violence, including rape, is a repugnant and
increasingly familiar weapon of war. The immediate toll it takes extends
far beyond its direct victims, insidiously tearing apart families and
shattering societies for generations to come."
The report is issued in the runup to the 10th anniversary on October
30 of UN Security Council resolution 1325, which condemns violence
against women and girls in armed conflicts and calls for women to be
given a greater role in policing and peace building.
It also coincides with growing international outrage at the evidence
of mass rapes -- by rebel militia and government troops alike -- in a
strife-torn region in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
More than 15,000 rapes were committed there last year, the head of the UN force in the DRC, Roger Meece, said last week.
UNFPA Executive Director Thoraya Ahmed Obaid said conflict today was
less and less about soldiers confronting each other on the battlefield
and more about seeking to break the will of civilians.
"In many of today's conflicts women are disempowered by rape or the
threat of it, and by the HIV infection, trauma and disabilities that
often result from it," she said.
"Girls are disempowered when they cannot go to school because of the
threat of violence, when they are abducted or trafficked, or when their
families disintegrate or must flee."
Women and girls also become vulnerable in the aftermath of
protracted emergencies, such as earthquakes and floods, where law and
order have broken down.
The 116-page report says the outlook is not entirely grim,
highlighting the experiences of grassroots workers and self-help groups
in Bosnia-Hercegovina, Haiti, Liberia, the West Bank, Uganda and the DRC
among other locations.
It stresses the need for protection in legal text and policing and swift judicial redress.
"For war-affected women, women, justice delayed is more than justice
denied -- it is terror continued," said Margot Wallstrom, UN Secretary
General Ban Ki-moon's special representative on sexual violence in
"The top priority is to push back against the vicious cycle of
impunity," she said. "No state may refer to national customs as an
excuse for not guaranteeing all individuals human rights and fundamental
The report also spells out the need for health care and
psychological and social support that acknowledges the needs of the
individual, for a one-size-fits-all aid package may well be invasive and
may backfire.
"Providers of all these services must be knowledgeable, skilled and
compassionate to help the survivor and to establish effective preventive
measures," says the report.

subset: commoncrawl


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Asia and Oceania Website
July 14, 2014
OSAKA, JAPAN. Onkyo, the world's foremost specialist in audio-video entertainment, has announced major upgrades to its popular line of home-theater-in-a-box (HTiB) packages, along with a new Dolby Atmos®-enabled speaker system and an updated entry-level A/V receiver. The following packages and components—including select models engineered for captivating Dolby Atmos sound right out of the box—are slated for release during the last quarter of this year:
• The Dolby Atmos-ready HT-S7700 and HT-S7705 5.1.2-channel network A/V receiver and speaker packages
• The SKH-410 Dolby Atmos-Enabled Speaker System
• The 5.1-channel HT-S3700 Home Theater Receiver and Speaker Package and a network-enabled 5.1-channel HT-S5700 Network A/V Receiver/Speaker Package, both with HDMI 2.0 and Bluetooth
• The TX-SR333 5.1-Channel Home Theater Receiver with HDMI 2.0 and Bluetooth
One Easy Step to Dolby Atmos Sound with 5.1.2-Channel Packages
Dolby Atmos—a multidimensional audio format developed for commercial cinemas and now available for the first time in home theaters—very accurately places and moves specific sounds anywhere in the room, including overhead. Sounds that originate from above (such as aircraft, raindrops, or birdcalls) pass through pairs of in-ceiling speakers or Dolby Atmos-enabled height speakers, bringing entertainment to life all around the audience.
With its Dolby Atmos-enabled front/height speakers, the HT-S7700/7705 is the most convenient and affordable way to enjoy Dolby Atmos sound at home. This factory-balanced 5.1.2-channel HTiB system is powered by a Wi-Fi®- and Bluetooth-ready 7.2-channel network A/V receiver featuring HDMI® 2.0 terminals for 4K/60 Hz video and HDCP 2.2 for 4K video streaming and broadcasting. It supports high-resolution network audio, internet radio and music streaming, and can upscale low-resolution video to 4K with Qdeo™ processing technology. The receiver has two HDMI 2.0 outputs, a phono input for turntable connection, and Powered Zone 2 capability for distributed multiroom audio.
Included 2-way front speakers contain OMF (Onkyo Micro Fiber) woofers and a balanced-dome tweeter for clear and accurate sound, while an independently powered up-firing speaker in a sealed top compartment bounces Dolby Atmos height effects from the ceiling into the audience. Sounds fed via the height channels seem to originate from overhead, helping to create a sphere of sound where effects move seamlessly above and around the listener.
The package is completed with a 2-way gloss-accented center speaker with dual cone woofers and tweeter, two solid full-range surround speakers, and a large 10-inch powered subwoofer (HT-S7705 features a gloss-finished powered 80 W subwoofer).
Speaker System Enables Dolby Atmos on Existing Surround Setups
Owners re-powering an existing home theater speaker system with a compatible 2014-model Onkyo A/V receiver can unlock the full Dolby Atmos experience by connecting two of the company's new SKH-410 speakers to the receiver's height channels. The compact sealed cabinets contain a full-range up-firing cone speaker and special Dolby Atmos-certified network to create a plane of sound above the listener. Placed on larger floorstanding speakers or mounted on the wall, the SKH-410s offer a convenient and cost-effective way to unleash the power of Dolby Atmos in home theaters where in-ceiling speakers are impractical.
Affordable HTiB Systems Combine Hi-Res Surround Sound with 4K Video
First-time home theater buyers—or those looking to add cost-effective surround-sound to a second zone—are ideally served by the convenient HT-S3700 HTiB package. It has everything needed for an exhilarating home entertainment experience, with a six-piece speaker package driven by a 4K/60 Hz-capable high-current A/V receiver complete with seven HDMI 2.0 terminals.
Those wanting to fill larger spaces with detailed and dynamic sound can step up to the HT-S5700, which offers network audio via Wi-Fi, remote control and audio streaming via smartphone, upgraded 2-way OMF front speakers, dual-cone center speaker, and powered subwoofer.
Core technology that established Onkyo as an iconic global audio brand is at the heart of both these A/V receivers. Built around a High Current Power Supply (H.C.P.S.) transformer, large capacitors, and discrete output transistors, the company's high-current WRAT system maintains precise control of the speaker drivers for clear and accurate sound. Combined with 192 kHz/24-bit D/A conversion, WRAT reproduces DTS-HD Master Audio™ and Dolby® TrueHD soundtracks with vibrant clarity.
Creating further value is built-in Bluetooth, which allows easy wireless audio to the home theater from compatible devices. Selectable Music Optimizer compensates for lost high-frequency bit information to give compressed audio files a clearer, fuller sound when played back via Bluetooth or USB.
Music fans seeking the ultimate in clarity can enjoy high-resolution album downloads via wireless home network on the HT-S5700 (including 192 kHz/24-bit FLAC and 5.6 MHz DSD), searching and selecting tracks using the remote streaming app, while both systems support hi-res audio playback via USB. The HT-S5700 package opens a world of internet radio and music streaming via Spotify, AUPEO!, TuneIn Radio, Deezer, and more, with browsing and song selection via smartphone. Along with more power, the HT-S5700 also balances and clarifies surround-sound from one easy measurement position using proprietary AccuEQ room calibration.
Both systems include Onkyo's exclusive PM Bass, which is designed to counter phase shifting for improved mid-range clarity, along with a selection of listening modes to bring out the soul in any recording. The A/V receivers launch with InstaPrevue™ technology, which overlays picture-in-picture thumbnails showing what's playing on devices connected via HDMI. Combined with an intuitive overlaid GUI to allow quick adjustments without interruption to the program, these products are remarkably easy to use.
Other features come in the form of a Zone 2 line-level output to distribute audio to a second room, and Onkyo's Hybrid Standby function, which enables HDMI passthrough and excellent efficiency when the receiver is powered down.
The HT-S3700 ships with a factory-balanced, gloss-finished speaker system including a 20 cm down-firing subwoofer with big-bore reflex port, while the HT-S5700 comes with a high-gloss 120 W powered subwoofer and 2-way bass-reflex OMF front speakers.
Base Model A/V Receiver Scores HDMI 2.0, Bluetooth, and High-Current Amplification
The TX-SR333 provides authentic hi-res surround-sound to movie lovers on a budget with powerful and controlled WRAT high-current architecture, six HDMI 2.0 inputs, built-in Bluetooth, and InstaPrevue™ technology. Other welcome features include HDMI passthrough on Hybrid Standby and high-resolution audio via USB. More than an affordable video-switching amp for an existing 5.1-channel speaker system, the TX-SR333 elevates audio quality to levels seldom heard at this price.
Onkyo is pleased to offer a comprehensive selection of products that address all sectors of the home entertainment market, from soundbars and soundbases to full-scale 11.2-channel home theaters engineered for Dolby Atmos. The veteran company is consistently at the forefront of home theater development, releasing one of the world's first A/V receivers to support Dolby® Surround in 1987 and championing other game-changing technologies that help deliver an emotionally moving entertainment experience.
These high-value packages and A/V components take home theater performance to thrilling new heights today with the technology needed for tomorrow's sound and vision.
For more information about Dolby Atmos and Onkyo home theater, visit http://www.onkyodolbyatmos.com/ or the Dolby Atmos blog at http://blog.dolby.com/
Onkyo Corporation, Japan


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Where has all my Physical RAM gone?
Hello AskPerf! Ranajoy here from the Windows Performance Team. One of our highest call generators here in support surrounds low Available Memory shown in Windows Task Manager. Today we are going to take a brief look at this value and where this "Missing Memory" may be hiding. Picture the following: Windows 2008 R2 Server with… Read more
- Tags: Memory Management


text:
March 24, 2006
CAMBRIDGE, MASS. - Four unanswered goals in the fourth quarter powered MIT to a 9-5 victory over Clark University in Pilgrim Lacrosse League action on Friday. Brennan Sherry and Tyler Sorba both totaled three goals and an assist while Jonathan Stolmeier posted two goals and two assists for the Engineers (3-1, 1-0 Pilgrim). Scott Foglietta led the Cougars (2-2, 0-1 Pilgrim) with two goals and an assist.
Stolmeier notched the first goal of the game with an unassisted tally at 6:06. Tech extended its lead less than three minutes later when Sherry converted a pass from Ryan Ballentine. Nate Sherman put Clark on the board with 1:55 left in the quarter. MIT maintained its slim advantage through a scoreless second quarter.
Sorba ended the 20-minute scoring drought with an unassisted goal to keep the Engineers ahead, 3-1. At the 10:08 mark, the Cougars narrowed the margin to one when Matt Fram set-up Zach Goodman for a man-down goal. Eight seconds later, Stolmeier connected on a feed from Sherry for an extra-man goal. Sherry then scored on a pass by Stolmeier at 9:49 for a 5-2 edge.
The score would hold until Clark netted three goals during the opening five minutes of the final frame. Shawn Roche found Foglietta to spark the rally. Foglietta then set-up Fram for a man-up goal, which was followed by another Foglietta-Roche connection with 9:53 left to play. MIT ended the spree when long-stick midfielder Ebbe Strathairn carried the ball into the attack and flipped it to Sherry for what proved to be the game-winning goal 26 seconds later. Scott Purchase increased the Engineers' lead by scoring a man-up goal and assisting Sorba in another. Sherry converted a pass by Stolmeier to cap the scoring with 3:38 on the clock.
In net, Zach Brewer collected 12 saves and 14 groundballs for MIT. Richard Doucette finished with nine saves while Dave Breglio paced the Cougars with nine groundballs.
The next game for MIT will be on Wednesday, April 5 at 4:00 p.m. when it travels to Wheaton College.


text:
The Book of Dublinman Jokes
Hughes, Y.M.
AbeBooks Seller Since March 23, 2001Quantity Available: 1
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AbeBooks Seller Since March 23, 2001Quantity Available: 1
About this Item
Bibliographic Details
Title: The Book of Dublinman Jokes
Publisher: The Mercier Press, Dublin, Ireland
Publication Date: 1977
Binding: Paperback
Book Condition:Very Good
Edition: 1st Edition.
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Contact information: (Internet only business): Mainly Books, Anthony Lemmo, (Sole Proprietorship), 35 West State Street, Doylestown, PA 18901. Mailing address: Mainly Books, P.O. Box 18, Dublin, PA 18917, email: email@example.com, telephone #: 215-249-1837. We use the Post Office for shipping. All books are subject to prior sale. First printings are always stated in our description as are other important details about overall condition and other features. Please contact us for instructions befor...More Information
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text:
Endocrine System Essential Information and Problems
Student Performance Objectives - for the lecture1. Explain the difference between an endocrine and an exocrine gland.2. Describe the relationship between a hormone and its target organ.3. Explain how hormones are transported in the blood4. Explain why hormones secreted yesterday or even a few hours ago have little or no effect on metabolic processes going on now.5. List the 6 classes of hormones and give one example of each class.6. Describe the difference in the interaction of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic hormones with their target cells.7. Describe the process of negative feedback and give 2 examples.8. Describe the process of positive feedback and give 2 examples.9. Describe the interactions occurring within each of the following endocrine gland axes: hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.10. For each of the following body regions, describe 2 endocrine glands, their hormonal secretions, and the hormone's actions: the head, the neck, the thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity.Lesson OutlineA. In General 1. Ductless glands produce hormones- While exocrine glands have a duct through which the gland's product reaches its destination (e.g., the parotid salivary gland secretes saliva through Stensen's duct into the mouth; the lacrimal gland secretes tears through the lacrimal duct onto the eye's surface), endocrine glands have no ducts - they are ductless glands. They secrete their products, called hormones, into the interstitial fluid surrounding the gland. From there the hormone diffuses into the blood and is carried throughout the body. 2. Hormones and target organs- when the product from an exocrine gland reaches its local destination, it carries out its intended effect: saliva lubricates and begins digestion of food, tears lubricate the eye's surface. When the hormone from an endocrine gland circulates in the blood, it travels far from the endocrine gland that secreted it. It comes into contact with all cells of the body but only influences cells that have receptors for that specific hormone. We say that the hormone only affects its target organ, or target structure. Receptors can be at the cell surface in which case the hormone never enters the target cell. Or, the hormone's receptors can be located inside the cell requiring that the hormone enter the cell through the cell membrane. In either case, the hormone exerts its effects after attaching to chemical receptors designed for the hormone to fit into. 3. Hormonal transport - some hormones can travel freely in the blood because they are water soluble (hydrophilic). The steroid hormones, being fat soluble (hydrophobic), must be bound to and carried around by transport proteins (like albumin and globulins which are blood proteins produced by the liver). Free (unbound) hormones are able to enter target organs. Bound hormones must be released from the transport proteins to get into their target organs. 4. Hormonal breakdown - hormones are broken down in target cells, in the liver and in the kidneys. The hormonal breakdown products are excreted from the body in urine and feces. Hormones that are freely dissolved in blood and other body fluids are broken down rapidly - they are said to have a short half-life. Examples are epinephrine and norepinephrine that have half-lives measured in minutes. Hormones that are bound to transport proteins can circulate longer and break down only after they disassociate from their transport proteins and are free in the body fluids. Hormonal breakdown is important in that at any given moment, the hormones circulating within us are mostly freshly made in response to recent environmental conditions. We are adapted hormonally to current conditions. The hormones from yesterday or several hours ago are mostly gone. B. Hormonal Classification - most hormones fall into the following six classes. Some specific hormonal examples are given with a brief idea of the wide-range of activities of these hormones. 1. Polypeptides (small proteins: 14 - 199 amino acids)- a. Growth hormone - stimulates growth of epiphyseal plates in the long bones. b. Insulin - lowers the blood sugar after a meal. c. Glucagon - raises the blood sugar if it falls when you are not eating. 2. Oligopeptides (very small proteins: 3 - 10 amino acids) a. Anti-diuretic hormone - ADH - helps the body hold on to its water preventing dehydration. b. Oxytocin - helps the uterus to contract during childbirth and causes the breasts to pump out milk. c.Angiotensin II - a vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure. 3. Modified amino acids a. Thyroxine - regulates the basal metabolic rate. Thyroxine consists of two attached amino acids (both are tyrosine) with attached iodine atoms. b. Epinephrine - a "fight or flight" hormone affecting heart and breathing rate. c. Norepinephrine - works much like epinephrine but as a "local" neurotransmitter. Both epinephrine and nor epinephrine are modifications of a single amino acid, tyrosine, and are in a class frequently called monoamines. 4. Steroids (derivatives of cholesterol) a. Androgens, like testosterone, that stimulate male sexual characteristics. b. Estrogens, like estradiol, that stimulate female sexual characteristics. c. Aldosterone (an adrenal steroid) regulates blood sodium and potassium levels. 5. Glycoproteins (combinations of protein and carbohydrate) a. Follicle stimulating hormone - FSH - stimulates egg and sperm development. b. Luteinizing hormone - LH - causes ovulation. c. Thyroid stimulating hormone - TSH - stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormone, thyroxine. 6. Paracrines - There are other substances that act as hormones, but more locally. These are called paracrines: e.g., neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, histamine (a mediator of inflammation), and the eicosanoids, which are fatty acid derivatives influencing metabolism (e.g., blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation). The neurotransmitters are discussed in the nervous system area. Eicosanoids are generally considered as a group in courses in nutrition, and also, often, in the cardiovascular system area with regard to their influence on cardiovascular health and inflammatory processes. C. Hormonal-Cell interactions 1. Hydrophilic (water soluble) hormones like epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, glucagon, and ADH, attach to receptors on the cell surface. These water soluble hormones cannot easily penetrate through the cell membrane which is mostly hydrophobic. Attachment of hydrophilic hormones to surface receptors activates second messenger systems on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane. http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/moaction/surface.htmlThere are several different 2nd messenger systems, but they operate in the same general way. The second messenger system eventually produces the hormone's effects. It is an intracellular enzyme amplification system in that 5 or 6 sequential chemical reactions are triggered inside the cell by the initial attachment of a hormone to the surface receptor: the hormone's attachment stimulates thousands of molecules of GTP (a high energy molecule) to break down which causes thousands of cyclic AMP molecules to be produced from ATP; each cyclic AMP molecule stimulates production of thousands of enzymes called protein kinases; each protein kinase molecule stimulates formation of thousands of other enzymes, and so on. Taken as a whole, an initial stimulus from one molecule of hormone attaching to a receptor, results in thousands, times thousands, times thousands (at least 6 times) of "downstream" molecules being produced that carry out the hormone's work. So hormones are very potent chemicals and only tiny amounts are necessary to create powerful effects on cells and the body as a whole. 2. Hydrophobic (fat soluble) hormones like the steroid hormones do not attach to surface receptors. They break off from their blood transport proteins and then pass right through the cell and nuclear membranes attaching to receptors near or on specific regions of DNA (genes).DNA is then stimulated to transcribe messenger RNA resulting in new cytoplasmic protein synthesis that redirects cell metabolism. The thyroid hormones, also lipid soluble, enter the cytoplasm and attach to receptors on mitochondria and ribosomes as well as in the nucleus. The effect of thyroid hormones is to increase mitochondrial oxidations, increase protein synthesis, and to increase production of membrane ionic (sodium and potassium) transporters, all of which result in increases in the body's metabolic rate and overall heat production.
D. Feedback, negative and positive - When the body receives a signal (input signal), there is a response - the output signal. We call any activity of the body a parameter. If we are measuring body temperature, then body temperature is the parameter. If we are measuring blood sodium concentration (level), then blood sodium level is the parameter. All body parameters have a normal range of values (e.g., body temperature is 37± 1° C). We will utilize this terminology to explain negative and positive feedback in the endocrine system. 1. In a negative feedback mechanism, an input signal changes a body parameter from the normal range: it goes either above or below the normal range. This causes the body to respond (output signal) so as to return the parameter back to the normal range. Within the endocrine system, negative feedback mechanisms keep the level of circulating hormones within a "normal" range. The parameter being measured here is the level of a given circulating hormone. If the circulating level of hormone rises above the normal range (this is the input signal), then the negative feedback mechanism slows down further hormonal secretion: the hormonal level falls back to the normal range (output signal). If the circulating level of hormone falls below the normal range (new input signal), then the negative feedback mechanism increases hormonal secretion: the hormonal level rises up to the normal range (new output signal). Notice that whether the hormone level (parameter) goes above or below the normal range, the negative feedback mechanism brings the level back to the normal range. E.g., when TSH from the pituitary stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine (increased blood thyroxine is the input signal), thyroxine is said to feed back to the pituitary: further secretion of TSH is slowed down (output signal). As thyroxine does its work and is broken down (decreased blood thyroxine is the new input signal), less thyroxine is available to inhibit the pituitary: the pituitary secretes more TSH (new output signal). 2. In a positive feedback mechanism, an input signal changes a body parameter from the normal range: it goes either above or below the normal range. This causes the body to respond (output signal) so as to intensify the level of the parameter even further outside the normal range. In positive feedback mechanisms the body responds to an input signal by intensifying the direction of the signal, either above or below the normal range. a. Birth of a baby: contractions of the body of the uterus stretches the cervix or uterine neck which is where the baby emerges from during birth. Stretching the cervix (input signal) results in even more intense contractions of the body of the uterus (output signal). This stretches the cervix even more (new input signal) resulting in even more intense contractions of the uterine body (new output signal), and so on until the baby is squeezed out. Then, with the baby out of the body, the cervix is stretched less (new input signal) and the uterine body contracts less (new output signal). Notice that this positive feedback system results in a baby being born and then the uterus slowing and eventually stopping its contractions. b. Milk production: the more a baby nurses, the more milk the body produces. As the baby grows and becomes more hungry, it nurses longer (even if the breast is depleted of milk), and the result is that within a day or two the breast's milk production increases to meet the new increasing demand. Notice how a growing baby will always be a bit hungry as the breast cannot quite supply all the milk the baby demands, but the demand is met within a short time. For this reason, breast-fed babies, in general, weigh less than bottle-fed babies - that is the way nature intended for it to be. When the baby is weaned from human milk through the introduction of other food, the baby nurses less (new input signal). This results in the breast producing less milk (new output signal). When nursing stops completely, milk production stops completely. c. Cardiac output (volume of blood the heart pumps per minute): at any given moment when you are not exercising, about 60% of your blood is in your veins. When you begin walking, running or engaging in some other exercise, the veins are signaled by the ANS to contract (vasoconstriction) and more blood is squeezed back to the heart (increased venous return) which stretches the heart muscle. The result of the stretching (input signal) is an increased force of contraction of the heart. This results in an increase in cardiac output (output signal). When you stop exercising, the veins receive less ANS signals and undergo vasodilation. So less blood returns to the heart - decreased venous return - (new input signal) - resulting in decreased cardiac output (new output signal). So you see that in both cases the output signal is in the same direction as the input signal. d. Serious bleeding - This cardiac output mechanism in section c, working by itself, can result in shock after serious injury. If you sustain a major injury and are seriously bleeding, with each beat of the heart, less blood returns to the heart (input signal) because some of the blood actually leaves your body. The heart responds to reduced return of blood by pumping out less blood (the output signal). This leads to even less blood returning to the heart (new input signal) and the result is even less blood pumped out of the heart (new output signal). Eventually so little blood leaves the heart that it is not enough to maintain consciousness and the body lapses into a coma. E. Endocrine glands in the head and their secretions 1. Pituitary glandhttp://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/anatomy.html a. Location - this pea-sized gland is nestled in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone and is connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum. The pituitary consists of 2 parts: the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary), and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). The infundibulum conducts a portal vein from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis which permits hypothalamic influence on the adenohypophysis through hypothalamic hormones (see below) released into the blood. The infundibulum conducts axons from the hypothalamus to the neurohypophysis which permits hormones made in the hypothalamus to travel down the axons (axon flow) to the neurohypophysis to be stored there and secreted when required (see below). b. Function (1) There are 6 adenohypophyseal hormones (hormones from the anterior pituitary): (a) GH (growth hormone, somatotropin) - directly stimulates mitosis and protein synthesis in most body cells, especially bone, cartilage and muscle leading to growth in height in children, and thickening of bone and hypertrophy of skeletal muscles in exercising adults. It also stimulates fat breakdown from adipose tissue. GH also stimulates the liver to release somatomedins that do the same thing as GH only with a longer half-life. The major stimulus for the release of GH into the blood is vigorous exercise. Since baseline levels of the hormone drop with age, to prevent muscle atrophy and fat accumulation with age, one must exercise more. The typical American high carbohydrate fast-food diet suppresses GH secretion. This stimulates fat accumulation and muscular atrophy - the typical flabby-muscled, overweight, middle-aged adult (on a diet, only between meals). Higher protein diets supply amino acids which act as a stimulus for GH secretion (particularly the amino acid arginine). (b) TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin) - stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones that help to regulate the metabolic rate. (c) ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticotropin) - secreted in response to stress, ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete a group of hormones called glucocorticoids, of which the major one is cortisol. In general, the glucocorticoids help the body resist and overcome stress. (d) FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) - stimulates egg (follicle) development in ovaries, and stimulates sperm development in testes. (e) LH (luteinizing hormone) - stimulates an egg to ovulate from the ovaries each month during a female's ovulatory-menstrual cycle. Stimulates the secretion of testosterone from the testes. (f) Prolactin - its main effect is in females where it stimulates the breasts to produce milk after a pregnancy. (2) There are 2 neurohypophyseal hormones (hormones from the posterior pituitary): (a) ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) - secreted from the neurohypophysis due to a signal from the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus sends this signal when the body is dehydrated. The action of ADH is to stimulate water retention from fluid flowing in the kidneys. The body is trying to conserve its water content. The result is urine with minimal amounts of water - a concentrated urine often deeply colored and with an odor. (b) Oxytocin - the main roles for oxytocin are in females: it stimulates smooth muscle contractions of the uterus during childbirth and smooth muscle contractions of the mammary glands expelling milk during nursing. 2. Hypothalamus a. Location - the hypothalamus, part of the diencephalon, extends from the optic chiasma to the mammillary bodies and forms part of the walls of the 3rd ventricle. It is connected to the pituitary by the infundibulum. b. Function - The hypothalamus sends 7 hormones by blood to the anterior pituitary, and 2 hormones by axonal flow to the posterior pituitary. It is clear that the CNS regulates many of the endocrine secretions, working through the hypothalamus. (1) Hormones to the anterior pituitary - their names indicate their functions except for #7. These hormones reach the anterior pituitary through the hypothalmic-hypophyseal portal system (through the blood). (a) GHRH (Growth hormone releasing hormone) (b) TRH (Thyrotropin releasing hormone) (c) CRH (Corticotropin, adrenocorticotropic hormone) (d) GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone) (e) PRH (Prolactin releasing hormone) (f) PIH (Prolactin inhibiting hormone) (g) Somatostatin - inhibits GH and TSH secretion (2) Hormones to the posterior pituitary. These hormones travel to the posterior pituitary through axon flow and are released from the pituitary upon nerve signal from neurons of the hypothalamus (the same neurons that send the hormones down their axons). (a) ADH - anti-diuretic hormone - helps the body conserve its water (see above). (b) Oxytocin - stimulates smooth muscle contractions in uterus and breasts (see above). 3. Pineal glandhttp://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/otherendo/pineal.html a. Location - the pineal is easily observed in the sheep's brain by gently depressing the brainstem and cerebellum and observing the region inferior to the occipital lobes: the pineal is seen as a medial, pea-sized bulge just superior to the corpora quadrigemina. In humans, the pineal, once proposed to be the residence of the human soul, is just below the posterior portion of the corpus callosum, on the roof of the third ventricle, and not easily seen. b. Function - The gland produces serotonin during the day and melatonin during the night. It is thought to be related to human biorhythms such as helping to determine the onset of puberty and also helping to regulate human cycles of sleep and wakefulness. It is largest in children and becomes smaller and more fibrous (or even calcified) in adults. Definitive, detailed knowledge of the gland's actions is still lacking.
F. Endocrine glands in the neck and their secretions 1. Thyroid glandhttp://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/anatomy.html a. Location - this largest of endocrine glands consists of two large lobes connected by an isthmus and is located just above the soft spot in your neck (just anterior to the suprasternal notch). It is wrapped around the anterior and lateral portions of the trachea. b. Function - The thyroid's secretion of hormones is regulated by TSH from the pituitary gland. Since the pituitary secretion of TSH is regulated by TRH from the hypothalamus, physiologists speak of a hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Three major hormones are secreted by this gland: T3, T4, and calcitonin . (1) Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are mainly regulators of the metabolic rate of other tissues of the body.http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/chem.html (a) They enter the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of target cells and increase the rate of mitochondrial oxidations, protein synthesis, and m-RNA production. These hormones increase the production of adrenal gland and pituitary hormones, raise blood pressure, respiratory rate and body heat production, stimulate bone teeth and nail growth in adults and during fetal development, and promotes fat breakdown for energy. (b) T3 is the active form of the hormone intracellularly (T4 is converted to T3 in the cytoplasm of target cells). (c) T4 feeds back to the pituitary and inhibits (slows down) TSH secretion. As T4 is broken down, TSH secretion increases. This is a negative feedback mechanism. (2) Calcitonin - this hormone is most important for helping to regulate blood calcium levels when a woman is pregnant or lactating. During pregnancy and lactation, the reduction of blood calcium as it passes from the maternal blood into the fetus or the milk, results in parathyroid gland activity (see below) that increases blood calcium levels. Whenever calcium levels of the blood rise, calcitonin is then secreted by the thyroid: it activates osteoblasts resulting in an overall reduction of blood calcium levels as some calcium is deposited in the woman's bones as well as entering the milk and the fetus. This hormone is also important in controlling the blood calcium concentration of infants and children whose blood calcium levels are generally higher than those of adults due to the bone growth and remodeling. Calcitonin has been used therapeutically to help individuals with osteoporosis. 2. Parathyroid glands a. Location - Although their number and location can vary, most people have 4 yellowish, rice-grain sized parathyroid glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. http://www.parathyroid.com/parathyroid.htm b. Function - They secrete the hormone, parathormone, when the blood calcium level drops. Parathormone has the following effects, all of which attempt to raise the blood calcium level back to the normal range (a negative feedback mechanism): (1) Stimulates osteoclast activity which releases calcium into the blood from osseus tissue. (2) Inhibits secretion of calcium into the urine by the kidneys thus maintaining the calcium level of the blood. (3) Stimulates active vitamin D (calcitriol) formation in the kidneys. Calcitriol then increases calcium, phosphate and magnesium absorption from digested food in the intestine. F. Endocrine glands in the thoracic cavity and their secretions 1. Thymus glandhttp://www.becomehealthynow.com/ebookprint.php?id=961 a. Location - The thymus is easily observed in the mediastinum of a pig or cat as a large cap of tissue covering the anterior surface of the heart (cranial portion of the heart). In humans the thymus is large in infants, gets larger during childhood and covers the superior and anterior portion of the heart. It is much smaller in adults and is located superior to the heart and medial to the upper (superior) lung lobes. It becomes very small and fibrous in old age. b. Function - The thymus is central to the operation of the immune system: T-lymphocytes (T-cells) develop and mature in the thymus; different classes of T-cells are responsible for cellular immunity (the other type of immunity is humoral immunity and is carried out by proteins called antibodies). The thymus produces hormones (thymosin, thymulin, thymopoietin) that stimulate other parts of the immune system (e.g., lymph nodes) to function. 2. Heart - although not generally considered part of the endocrine system, the heart's upper chambers, the atria, when stretched, produce a hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), that results in blood pressure decrease. ANP causes vasodilation (reducing blood pressure) and increased kidney excretion of sodium (which causes increased body water loss by osmosis that reduces blood pressure). ANP can be thought of as opposing the actions of both aldosterone (helps the body retain sodium) and angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor).G. Endocrine glands in the abdominopelvic cavity and their secretions. 1. Pancreas a. Location - Technically the abdominal cavity is enclosed by the peritoneum. Since the pancreas is located behind the parietal portion of the peritoneum, its location is described as retroperitoneal. It is an elongated organ consisting of a head, neck, body and tail. The head is located next to the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum; the body passes anterior to the left kidney with the tail located next to the inferior portion of the spleen. b. Function - About 99% of the mass of the pancreas is concerned with exocrine secretion: production of pancreatic enzymes for digestion of food. Pancreatic juice empties into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. Pancreatic endocrine secretions come from 1 -2 million islets of Langerhans: groupings of cells scattered throughout the pancreas that secrete 3 hormones: insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/anatomy.html (1) Insulin is produced from islet beta cells: it is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose concentrations and is secreted after meals when the blood glucose level rises. Insulin stimulates target cells to produce the receptors that bind and transport glucose into cells, thus lowering the blood glucose levels. Insulin also stimulates adipocytes to absorb and store fat, muscle fibers to absorb and utilize amino acids, and the liver to synthesize both glycogen and triglycerides. (2) Glucagon is produced from islet alpha cells: it raises blood glucose concentrations as would be required when we fast between meals: glucagon stimulates the liver's breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose, a process called glycogenolysis. Glucagon also stimulates the liver to convert amino acids into glucose, a process called gluconeogenesis which also promotes a rise in blood glucose.http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/pancreas/glucagon.html (3) Somatostatin is produced from the islet delta cells and has the ability to locally inhibit secretion of both insulin and glucagon and to inhibit overall digestive activity whenever blood glucose and amino levels are high. 2. Adrenal glands (suprarenal glands). Due to the interaction of the hypothalamus and the pituitary with the adrenal gland, endocrinologists speak of a hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal axis. a. Location - like the pancreas, the kidneys are also located behind the parietal peritoneum and are called retroperitoneal. The adrenal glands are positioned like caps on the superior surface of each kidney.http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/adrenal/anatomy.html b. Function - the adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex and an inner medulla.http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/adrenal/histo_overview.htmlhttp://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/adrenal/histo_bigpic.htmlThe cortex secretes three classes of hormones (mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones); the medulla secretes mainly 2 hormones - epinephrine and norepinephrine.. (1) Adrenal cortex - from superficial to deep regions, the adrenal cortex is divided into a zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and a zona reticularis. (a) Zona glomerulosa - secretes mainly mineralocorticoids, the main one being aldosterone. Aldosterone's function is to conserve body salt (sodium chloride) and water, and to excrete potassium.http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/adrenal/mineralo.html (b) Zona fasciculata - secretes mainly glucocorticoids of which the main ones are cortisol and corticosterone. The glucocorticoids have two main functions: to reduce the body's inflammatory responses, and to promote gluconeogenesis, meaning that proteins and fats are stimulated to break down: the proteins are hydrolyzed into amino acids that are converted to glucose in the liver; the fats are converted to fatty acids. These actions give the body fuel - glucose and fatty acids - to combat stress by having energy sources readily available in the blood.http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/adrenal/gluco.html (c) Zona reticularis - secretes mainly sex hormones - androgens (sometimes called 17-ketosteroids) and estrogens. The adrenal's output of these sex hormones is not as great as that from the testes and ovaries in youth and middle age. However, at older ages, the adrenals become important sources of sex hormones that maintain energy levels and the sex drive. (2) Adrenal medulla - The cells of the adrenal medulla are actually modified postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine in approximately a 75%:25% proportion when stimulated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The effect of epinephrine and norepinephrine is to prepare the body for "fight or flight" (see ANS section). 3. Gonads - ovaries and testes. Due to the interaction of the hypothalamus and the pituitary with the gonads, endocrinologists speak of a hypothalmic-pituitary-gonadal axis. a. Ovaries (1) Location - the ovaries, the female sex glands, are located in the pelvic cavity, being suspended and anchored in place by several ligaments - the ovarian ligament attaching to the uterus, the suspensory ligament attaching to the pelvic wall, and a broad ligament attaching to the uterus and uterine tubes. (2) Function - The function of the ovaries is to ovulate eggs and to produce female sex hormones. The ovaries possess an outer cortex containing the germinal epithelium that produces eggs and female sex hormones. The inner medulla contains blood vessels and nerves. (a) Eggs - Eggs, all of which were produced during the embryonic period, are enclosed in follicles consisting of the egg cell immersed in fluid surrounded by follicle cells arranged as a squamous epithelium. Hormonal signals from the pituitary gland and the ovary itself result in the maturation of a single follicle each month and the discharge of its egg from the surface of the ovary - a process called ovulation. If the egg is fertilized and pregnancy is successful, a baby will be born an average of 266 days (38 weeks) later, a little longer than 9 months. Other details of the maturation and ovulation of eggs are the subject matter of a section dealing with the reproductive system. (b) Female sex hormones - estrogens are female sex hormones and there are three of them - estradiol (the most abundant), estriol, and estrone. They are responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics including maturation of the external genitalia and breasts, patterns of fat deposition under the skin, and patterns of brain development. Progesterone is another female sex hormone that prepares the uterine inner lining (the endometrium) and the breasts for pregnancy by stimulating the secretory capacity of these organs. Estrogens and progesterone are produced during a monthly cycle known as the ovulatory-menstrual cycle. This cycle is influenced by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. Details of these hormonal interactions are provided elsewhere. b. Testes (1) Location - the testes are suspended outside the body in the scrotal sacs where the temperature is about 3° below the normal body temperature, which is optimal for sperm development. (2) Function - The function of the testes is to form and mature sperm and to produce male sex hormones, mainly testosterone. The testes are divided by connective tissue partitions into about 300 lobules containing the seminiferous tubules whose walls consist of a germinal epithelium where sperm cells are formed. Male sex hormones are produced by interstitial cells of Leydig located between the seminiferous tubules. Testosterone and other androgens are responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics including maturation of the external genitalia, the development of the musculature, and patterns of brain development. Further details about male reproductive function are presented elsewhere. 4. Other abdominopelvic organs that have endocrine functions. a. Liver - the liver produces several hormones and hormone precursors: (1) Somatomedins - these are hormones whose synthesis is induced by GH and which stimulate growth throughout the body in a manner like GH itself. The main somatomedin is IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor). (2) Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone produced by both the liver and kidneys that stimulates erythrocyte production in the bone marrow. (3) The liver produces an intermediate (called calcidiol) a precursor in the pathway to the production of active vitamin D.http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/otherendo/vitamind.html (4) Angiotensinogen is a hormone precursor to the ultimate formation of angiotensin II, an important vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure. b. Kidneys - the kidneys produce erythropoietin, along with the liver, that stimulates erythrocyte formation, and calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D that stimulates the absorption of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium from the intestine and which inhibits the body's excretion of calcium through the kidneys - both actions making calcium more available for bone formation. c. Organs of digestion - the stomach and small intestine produce many hormones that regulate digestive processes: e.g., the stomach produces gastrin, that stimulates the stomach's acid production, the duodenum produces secretin, that stimulates pancreatic secretion of sodium bicarbonate into the duodenum to neutralize gastric acid arriving mixed with food, and the duodenum also produces cholecystokinin (CCK), that stimulates the secretion of bile and pancreatic enzymes in response to the arrival of food from the stomach.
Biomedical Terminology: Define each term:
ACTHadenohypophysis androgens angiotensinogenantidiuretic hormoneatrial natriuretic peptidecalcitonin calcitriolcholecystokinincortisol eicosanoidsendocrine glandexocrine glanderythropoietinestrogensFSHgastrinGH glucagon glucocorticoidsglycoproteins hydrophilichydrophobic infundibulum insulin interstitial cells of LeydigLH melatonin mineralocorticoidsnegative feedbackneurohypophysisoligopeptides oxytocinparacrines parathormonepolypeptides positive feedbackprogesteroneprolactin secretinseminiferous tubulesserotonin somatomedinssomatostatinsteroids testosterone thyroxinetri-iodothyronineTSH zona glomerulosazone fasciculatazona reticularisEndocrine System Problems
1. Choose one of the problems described below. 2. Prepare your solution as a word document. 3. Send it to your professor as an email attachment. You will receive an email response.
Problem #1: A nineteen year old college student regularly experiences anxiety, abdominal bloating, craving for sugary foods, and mild depression during the 2 weeks prior to menstruation. She also regularly experiences cramping during the first 2 days of menstruation. Her doctor recommends hormone pills to relieve the pre-menstrual symptoms as well as pain medication for the menstrual cramping. Utilize the Internet to research the pros and cons of hormonal therapy for PMS (pre-menstrual syndrome) and alternatives for such hormonal therapy. Your report should include 1. A definition of PMS (sometimes referred to as PMT - pre-menstrual tension) and a description of its effects on the body. 2. A proposed physiological explanation of why these symptoms are occurring. 3. The benefits and side effects of taking hormones to relieve PMS symptoms. 4. The potential long-term side-effects of hormonal therapy. 5. A description of nutritional/herbal treatments for PMS and their side effects. 6. A decision, based on your research, of which therapy(ies) for PMS might be best to try.
Problem #2: A 45 year old female, 5'4" and 220 lbs., experiencing low energy levels, periods of dizziness, and knee pain, decides to see her doctor. Examination reveals hypertension, elevated blood sugar, elevated total cholesterol levels, elevated triglycerides, and elevated blood insulin levels. Her doctor's diagnosis is diabetes mellitus Type II and she is initially placed on "oral insulin" and after a year with marginal sign and symptom relief, she begins injecting insulin. She receives some benefit but indicates she does not feel a sense of well-being. Utilize the Internet to answer the following questions: 1. What are the possible causes of type II diabetes mellitus? 2. How is diabetes type II different from diabetes type I? 3. What are the long-term consequences to health from diabetes mellitus? What is the underlying physiological reason for these consequences? 4. What is the medical/physiological reason for giving oral insulin and then injectable insulin to a type II diabetic who already has an abundance of insulin in their blood? 5. Are there any dietary (nutritional) measures that might help this situation? Are they practical- can they be accomplished? 6. If you were the son or daughter of the individual in this case, what treatment would you suggest to your parent for relief from the symptoms of this condition?


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Recycling, Composting and Waste
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle are referred to as the three Rs for waste management. The three Rs help to cut down on waste, conserve our resources and help extend the life of our landfills.
UAF does not have a landfill, and so it utilizes the landfill of the North Star Borough. Each time a load of waste is dropped off, a tipping fee is charged. It makes both economic and environmental sense to reduce waste.
UAF is doing many things to reduce, reuse and recyle. A campuswide mixed paper and cardboard recycling program started on September 30, 2010. UAF is no longer talking about waste stream; we are talking about resource stream.
Please visit our additional pages about what you can recycle and other recycling FAQs.
Helpful Links
With its many efforts to reduce, reuse and recycle, UAF is no longer talking about a waste stream, but a resource stream.
UAF resources:
Other recycling resources:
- Earthworm Digest, "The #1 earthworm information website in the world..." with articles, tutorials, forums and links.
What is UAF doing?
- Student governance group ASUAF is leading an effort to recycle a broad range of items including batteries, cell phones, printer cartridges and aluminum.
- Food waste from all UAF dining halls is being composted.
- Grounds is mulch mowing many lawns on campus and composting grass clippings and other landscape waste that is collected.
- Waste oil from Dining Services is being used to make biofuels.
- Cooperative Extension is teaching composting and vermicomposting, or composting with worms, workshops in the community.
- Cooperative Extension Service has publications on how to reduce, reuse and recycle, as well as composting and vermicomposting.
- Vermicomposting is being used at the Chancellor's home, Facilities Services Greenhouse and the Georgeson Botanical Garden (GBG).
- Composting demonstration sites are maintained at the GBG.
- UAF Experiment Station is composting animal manures.
- The UAF Really Free Market is a freecycle event spearheaded by Summer Sessions and other partner organizations and was held twice in 2010.
- An online greenhouse data management system was created to reduce paper use and reduce waste and overall product waste.
- Beginning in the Fall 2008, the Cornerstone campus newsletter is available only as an online version.
- Rasmuson Library is serviced with 100% recycled paper projects and is using Green Seal certified cleaning products.
- Hand blowers are being installed in bathrooms, reducing paper waste.
- Custodial departments across campus are using sustainable green cleaning products. You canview the UAF Custodial Contract Green Seal Certified Cleaning Products (PDF).
- Facilities Services Greenhouse is reusing old planters, resulting in fewer new planters needed every year.
- Maintenance is reusing door hardware where appropriate, reducing waste and cost. The estimated savings is $6,250 annually.
- Project bid documents and plans are now uploaded to an electronic bid distribution website, reducing paper and creating a more transparent process.
- Trays have been eliminated from the dining hall, greatly reducing food waste and trash.
- UAF has partnered with K & K Recycling, Inc. to use recycled paper as a feedstock for a cogeneration heat and power biomass plant.
- In Summer 2010, the library donated a large volume of new and used textbooks to Fairbanks Literacy Agency that would have otherwise gone to the landfill.


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Presupuesto €10-25 EUR / hora
1) At the moment the site's url configuration is changed from dynamical parameters to static Folders due to a bad Google ranking. We need someone who checks the capability/function and who is experienced in static folder site building. Also some more SEO adaption has to be done. The site has to be made "AdSense-Ready".
2) We need programming support (PHP, Javascript, mySQL) to the extent of 1 to 10 hours per month. Currently the site is not build in a known framework, so it is a "handmade", proprietary CMS. This won't change for the next few month.
->> When sending proposals please check the website before!!
We want to be sure that we are talking about the same, especially in site structure, programming language, url building, tagging and keywords.
49 freelancers están ofertando el promedio de €44/hora para este trabajo
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The Obama administration is planning to increase the number of refugees it will allow into the U.S. in 2017 to at least 110,000, NBC News reported.
It's a 30 percent increase over the current fiscal year and a more than 57-percent jump since 2015. The increase "is consistent with our belief that all countries should do more to help the world's most vulnerable people," a State Department official told NBC News.
Of the 110,000 refugees the U.S. intends to admit, at least 40,000 are from the Near East and South Asia, a White House senior administration official said. Most have been trying to flee the Syrian civil war.
The administration's move comes as many GOP lawmakers and Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump warn that Islamic terrorists could be hiding among the refugees.


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Review Group #345 - The Unwritten #41
Hey you! Reader! Want to be a part of the GREATEST COMIC BOOK AND GEEK COMMUNITY on the web?! Well, they're not accepting new members, but we'll take anyone here, so why not sign up for a free acount? It's fast and it's easy, like your mom! Sign up today! Membership spots are limited!*
*Membership spots not really limited!
Hey you! Reader! Want to be a part of the GREATEST COMIC BOOK AND GEEK COMMUNITY on the web?! Well, they're not accepting new members, but we'll take anyone here, so why not sign up for a free acount? It's fast and it's easy, like your mom! Sign up today! Membership spots are limited!*
*Membership spots not really limited!
by GLX » Wed Sep 19, 2012 10:10 pm
Posting this a little late, but at least it's being posted on Wednesday. Enough with the jibber jabber, time for the official review group business.
The Unwritten #41
Digital copy is here.
Ze rules:
Review as often or as little as you like. Once you've posted 5 reviews, you will be awarded 1 pick. You can post 5 reviews, right? That's a totally achievable goal and with day and date digital releases becoming the standard, it shouldn't matter if your shop ordered enough copies of this weeks comic or not.
When multiple Review Groupers have posted 5 (or more) qualifying reviews, they will be awarded their pick in the order that they qualified. What constitutes a qualifying review? Any review posted (with a score on a scale from 0-10, that's right 0!) within 1 calendar month of the thread going live. Reviews are to be at least 5 sentences long. It shows that a) you have at least read this week's pick and b) you have some unique insight into the comic.
Reviews posted while waiting in line for your pick will be applied to your next pick.
I'll be keeping track of everyone's progress with the newly christened Spreadsheet of Fantastic (RIP, Spreadsheet of Doom) and reporting the results in the Current Members list in the weekly OP. When it's your turn to make a pick, I will PM you. If you do not respond to me by Midnight EST the following Sunday, you will lose your pick and I will start a poll to determine that week's selection.
Any week in which we do not have a Review Grouper with 5 qualifying picks, we will determine the week's comic via poll.
If it's your week to pick, remember to keep it under $3.99.
Naturally, this new system is new and it may be necessary to make changes as we go.
Since no one else has 5 reviews under their belt, a poll will be put up to determine next week's pick. Next week's releases are listed here. It'll be up by week's end and ideas for what should be included into the poll will be considered.
Suggestions welcome.
5 Reviews Posted
4 Reviews Posted
Eli Katz
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by GLX » Fri Sep 21, 2012 6:13 pmAnd this is why I keep The Unwritten in my pull list. Mike Carey does a fantastic job of moving a certain vampire from one worldview to another within the span of an issue. It feels like a natural progression as Carey uses plot threads from both the previous issues and the ones that he sets up within the issue itself. Peter Gross and company continue to deliver to same consistently solid art that's been synonymous with the series. The ending to this issue opens the door to some potentially cool stories down the road. Oh and the ghosts (mostly) are a bunch of asshats.
8 out of 10.
by Punchy » Sat Sep 22, 2012 11:09 amMike Carey and Peter Gross fill in the gaps left between the end of War Of The Words and the most recent arc. After the final battle against Pullman, Richie took a badly injured Tommy to Villa Diodati to recover, and then things get weird, because there are ghosts there. Ghosts of supporting characters who have died in this book, such as the writers Pullman slaughtered in the first arc, or Tom's various ex-girlfriends and even Miriam Walzer, Wilson Taylor's 1940s girlfriend. This issue featured a lot of tantalising teasers about the mythology of this series, and a shocking revelation of just how powerful Tom Taylor is. The idea of Richie just being dead and kept alive by Tommy's powers of fiction is a great one, and it was shocking to see him as a walking corpse, how he would really look. This was possibly the darkest issue of The Unwritten yet, and I'm including the one where those two children got crushed to death. I'm very excited to see how Tom goes from here to the Tom we saw briefly at the end of #40, and just what the deal is with Leviathan now. This book continues to be one of the most gripping and mysterious on the stands, I have so many questions, and it's so much fun following them down the literary rabbit hole.
by GLX » Sun Sep 23, 2012 5:22 pmUnless you missed it, the poll is up:
by GLX » Mon Sep 24, 2012 9:31 pmThis Wednesday, we'll be reviewing....
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Rox, Henkemeyer win at Alexandria 7-1
The St. Cloud Rox won 7-1 at Alexandria Thursday night for their 2nd straight win. Andy Henkemeyer hit a grand slam homerun for the Rox and Phil Imholte was 2-3 with a run scored and 2 RBIs. Zach Hirsch threw 5 innings with 4 hits and 1 earned run allowed to get the win for the Rox. Tony Mollica threw 4 shutout to get the save for St. Cloud.
The Rox are 4-5 and will host Alexandria tonight at 7:05, pregame on AM 1390-the Fan at 6:35. The Rox will hold a fireworks show after the game tonight.


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FOX Business: Capitalism Lives Here
The broad S&P 500 jumped to a new high Tuesday as the second quarter got off to a bullish start on the back of strong data and auto sales.
Continue Reading Below
Today's Markets
The Dow Jones Industrial Average climbed 75 points, or 0.46%, to 16533, the S&P 500 advanced 13.2 points, or 0.7%, to 1885 and the Nasdaq Composite rose 69 points, or 1.6%, to 4268.
The S&P 500 posted its fifth-straight quarterly advance on Monday. The gains this year have been tepid, though, with the broad-market index only climbing 1.3%.
Traders were greeted with a slew of global manufacturing data on the day.
U.S. manufacturing activity picked up slightly in March, with the Institute for Supply Management's PMI gauge rising to 53.7 from 53.2 the month prior. Wall Street was looking for the gauge to rise to 54. Readings above 50 indicate expansion, while those below point to contraction.
Economists said the economy is still recovering from its winter doldrums, when worse-than-usual weather swept across the country.
China's official factory gauge edged up very slightly in March from the month before. Still, a private survey still came in contraction territory. Another report showed the eurozone's factory sector grew in March from the month prior as the 18-member currency bloc's economy continues recovering. Activity in Germany and France -- the bloc's two biggest economies -- topped expectations.
Analysts at Barclays called the global data "robust," a welcome change from the choppiness seen in recent months.
In corporate news, a Senate panel alleged Caterpillar (NYSE:CAT) dodged $2.4 billion in taxes between 2000 and 2012, although the world's biggest heavy machinery giant stands by its accounting. Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) suppliers are working on building screens for the not-yet-announced iPhone 6, according to a report from Reuters.
Monthly sales figures from the Big Three U.S. automakers are due out on the day. Ford (NYSE:F) said its U.S. March sales climbed 3% to the highest mark in eight years. Meanwhile, Fiat's (NYSE:FIATY) Chrysler revealed a 13% jump in sales. General Motors (NYSE:GM) posted a better-than-expected 4.1% increase.
GM CEO Mary Barra is set to testify before Congress over the ignition-switch scandal that hit the No. 1 U.S. automaker.
Elsewhere, U.S. crude oil futures fell 28 cents, or 0.28%, to $101.30 a barrel. Wholesale New York Harbor gasoline dipped 0.9% to $2.911 a gallon. Gold rose $1.50, or 0.12%, to $1,285 a troy ounce.


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EXCLUSIVEEvelyn Lozada is mourning her brother-in-law, who died tonight after a long battle with cancer ... TMZ has learned.
Anthony Ochoa who was married to Evelyn's sister Sylvia, made several appearances on "Basketball Wives" ... and just last month he escorted Evelyn down the aisle for her wedding to Chad Johnson.
We're told Anthony was featured prominently in the reality show about the wedding. As TMZ first reported ... VH1 has decided not to air the show after Chad's arrest for domestic battery.
We're told Anthony was surrounded by family members when he passed away in New York City.
Evelyn tells TMZ, "Anthony was an amazing husband, father, and brother-in-law. He will be dearly missed."
Anthony and Sylvia were married for more than 10 years, and had 2 children.
Anthony was 43.


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CONCORD — Got kids?
The safest bet is that if you had a child in 2012, you named the child either Mason or Emma. Those were the top boys' and girls' names in New Hampshire last year as recorded by the Department of State Division of Vital Records Administration. Not Mason or Emma? How about Jackson or Sophia? Those names came in second place.
The top 10 boys' names in the state last year, starting with most popular, were: Mason, Jackson, Jacob, Liam, Noah, Logan, Benjamin, Lucas, William and Owen.
For the girls it was: Emma, Sophia, Olivia, Isabella, Ava, Charlotte, Emily, Ella, Abigail and Madison.
An interesting, though admittedly non-scientific, note regarding that last name: The Social Security Administration shows the name Madison as essentially non existent until 1985. The year before that (or perhaps about nine months), a movie called "Splash" hit the theaters. In it, Tom Hanks' character falls in love with a mermaid (Daryl Hannah), who chooses the name after seeing a sign for Madison Avenue. Hanks' character even remarks, "Madison? That's not a name, that's a street."
It's a name now. Madison is reliably in the top 10 girls' names each year.
The U.S. Social Security Administration has an abundance of information on baby names going back a century. According to their records, the names Mason and Jackson were nearly non-existent until the 1980s, when their popularity began spiking. Noah took off in the 1980s as well, Jacob in the 1970s and Liam, not until the 1990s.
For the girls, Emma was very popular during the 1920s, nearly dropping out of sight from the 1960s to 80s, but since then, it has become twice as popular as it ever was. Isabella, Sophia and Ava all have undergone huge spikes in popularity since the 1990s.
A decade ago?
The top 10 boys' names for 2002 nationwide were: Jacob, Matthew, Nicholas, Ethan, Joshua, Ryan, Michael, Joseph, Dylan and Alexander.
The top girls' names for the same year were: Emily, Madison, Emma, Olivia, Abigail, Hannah, Sarah, Elizabeth, Samantha and Anna.
For kicks, here are the top five names nationally for each decade back to 60s, according to the Social Security Administration.
2000s: Jacob, Michael, Joshua, Matthew and Daniel; Emily, Madison, Emma, Olivia, Hannah.
1990s: Michael, Christopher, Matthew, Joshua, Jacob; Jessica, Ashley, Emily, Sarah, Samantha.
1980s: Michael, Christopher, Matthew, Joshua, David; Jessica, Jennifer, Amanda, Ashley, Sarah.
1970s: Michael, Christopher, Jason, David, James; Jennifer, Amy, Melissa, Michelle, Kimberly.
1960s: Michael, David, John, James, Robert; Lisa, Mary, Susan, Karen, Kimberly.
Michael has been the name to beat across the country this past century. It held the boys' top slot every year from 1954 through 1998 with the exception of 1960, when the Goliath was fittingly bested by David for all you biblical buffs.
How do last year's names compare to the top names a century ago?
In 1912, the top five boys' names, starting with most popular, were: John, William, James, Robert, Joseph.
In 1912, the top five girls' names were: Mary, Helen, Dorothy, Margaret, Ruth.
Popular names were pretty reliable a hundred years ago. From 1912 to 1921, Mary, Helen, Dorothy, Margaret and Ruth comprised the top five girl names in varying orders each year; the boys only had six top five names for the same decade: John, William, James, Robert, Joseph and Charles.
Thanks to Rochester City Clerk Kelly Walters and E. Nicholl Marshall, from the NH Division of Vital Records Administration, for the New Hampshire statistics.


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11:00 am
WordWorld "Shark's First Day of School/Shark's First Loose Tooth" Shark's First Day of School - It's the first day of school for the youngest WordFriends, but Shark is afraid to go. With the help of his good buddy Duck, and some gentle encouragement from their teacher Cat, Shark's fear turns to confidence, and by day's end he's at the head of the class. Shark's First Loose Tooth - When Shark loses his first baby tooth at a sleepover party with Duck, he's got to get to sleep fast so the tooth fairy can come and leave him a present. D
11:30 am
WordGirl "Granny Mayor/Tobey Goes Good" Granny Mayor - Granny May uses her wily ways to become the Mayor's Senior Aide. WordGirl has to help the Mayor see past her "nice old lady" act to stop him from signing laws which actually help villains commit more crimes. Tobey Goes Good - In order to win WordGirl's heart Tobey decides enters "The Young Inventors Challenge and Friendly Competition. D
12:00 pm
Outdoor Idaho "Idaho's Salmon" The once abundant salmon runs into the heart of Idaho disappeared. Since then efforts have concentrated on maintaining their genetic lines. OUTDOOR IDAHO explores the causes for the decline, what is being done to save the fish, and what the salmon mean to native cultures. Underwater cameras capture sockeye salmon returning to Redfish Lake.G
12:30 pm
Pati's Mexican Table "Mexican-Style Kids' Party" Fun, kid-friendly and (mostly!) finger food that you'd find at a children's party in Mexico, adapted for American parties at home. A special guest shows up to make dessert! Crazy Corn; Chicken Flautas; Chocolate and Cajeta Cupcakes. D
1:00 pm
Katie Brown Workshop "Lady Luncheon" Toss out the stodgy image of "ladies who lunch" and create a great garden party for female friends. Recipes: a salad pizza and green bean salad. Projects: a moss welcome sign and woven serving trays. D
1:30 pm
Paint This With Jerry Yarnell "Osage Prairie Summer, Part 5" In this final segment, Jerry shows his viewers how to put in the final details and highlights to give the painting its life. He highlights the road, the barn, the large dead tree and the middle and background leafy trees. Then, he shows how to paint in the foreground daisies and grasses along with final highlights throughout the painting. D
2:00 pm
Essential Pepin "Savory Staples" Risotto With Vegetables; Darphin Potatoes; Skillet Sweet Potato; Green Couscous; Corn Polenta With Mushroom Ragout. D
2:30 pm
On Story "Ted Talley: The Silence of the Lambs" Academy Award-winning screenwriter Ted Tally gives a provocative look at the adaptation and production of the Oscar-winning film THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS. Tally covers it all: working with director Jonathan Demme, anticipating Jodie Foster's Oscar win, the delicious changed ending for the world's most famous cannibal, Hannibal Lecter, and more. Recently listed on the Library of Congress' National Film Registry as a "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" film, THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS is guaranteed to be lauded for decades to come. D
3:00 pm
Dialogue "Media, Ethics and the Election" Marcia Franklin talks with Kelly McBride, a senior faculty member of the Poynter Institute in St. Petersburg, Florida who specializes in ethics, reporting and writing at the school for professional journalists, news media leaders, future journalists and journalism teachers.G
3:30 pm
MotorWeek "Ford Fusion" Road Test: 2013 Ford Fusion. Road Test: 2012 CODA Sedan. Goss' Garage: Shocks & Struts. D
4:00 pm
America's Test Kitchen from Cook's Illustrated "Vegetarian Pasta Night" Test cook Becky Hays shows host Christopher Kimball how to make Great Vegetable Lasagna. Then, science expert Guy Crosby teaches Chris about the science of cornstarch. Next, tasting expert Jack Bishop challenges Chris to a tasting of whole wheat lasagna noodles. D
4:30 pm
Passport to Adventure "Baja California's Best Kept Secret!" No timeshare hawkers, high rises or massive resorts; just quiet coves and pristine islands for kayakers, gorgeous desert for mountain bikers, the original California missions, and an unspoiled Mexican town. In this episode, hosts Julie Conover and Mark Jennings discover the secrets of the real Baja. Whether they are kayaking along the coast, or riding mules through the hinterland, the drama and mystique of the desert is a constant force. D
5:00 pm
Globe Trekker "Buenos Aires City Guide" Made up of distinct districts known as barrios, Buenos Aires offers something for everyone and, with the help of the oldest metro system in South America, Judith sets out to explore as many sides to this city as possible. From the grand, Parisian style city centre to the multi coloured tenements of the historic Boca district and just about everything in between, Judith uncovers a breathtakingly beautiful city with a rich and multi-faceted culture.G
6:00 pm
Sierra Center Stage "Strunz and Farah" Winners of Billboard's World Beat Album of the Year (1992). - Strunz and Farah offer their fiery Latin rhythms backed by hot Afro/Cuban rhythm sections and special guest, violinist Charlie Bisharat (Shadowfax). "Both guitarists are immensely gifted composers, with a masterful grasp of both melody and harmony to say nothing of their phenomenal technique. D
7:00 pm
Austin City Limits "The Civil Wars/Punch Brothers" A program of new American acoustic music begins with The Civil Wars playing tunes from their Grammy-winning album Barton Hollow. Then Punch Brothers showcase their latest recording Who's Feeling Young Now?.G
8:00 pm
Ellen DeGeneres: The Mark Twain Prize The recipient of the 14th Kennedy Center Mark Twain Prize for American Humor is honored by her colleagues. The star-studded tributes include those from Kristin Chenoweth, Jimmy Kimmel, Jason Mraz and Lily Tomlin.G
9:30 pm
Bluegrass Underground "The Timejumpers" Nashville's hottest ticket isn't the Grand Ole Opry but Monday nights at the tiny Station Inn with this all-star, 11-piece western swing outfit. With lead vocals provided by Dawn Sears, Kenny Sears, Vince Gill and two-time Grammy-winner "Ranger Doug" Green, this band features Music City's instrumental A-list, including Paul Franklin on pedal steel, Dennis Crouch on bass, three world-champion fiddlers and accordion master Jeff Taylor, with Gill and session ace Andy Reiss swapping guitar duties. D
10:00 pm
Song of the Mountains Jesse McReynolds & the Virginia Boys. D
11:00 pm
Austin City Limits "The Civil Wars/Punch Brothers" A program of new American acoustic music begins with The Civil Wars playing tunes from their Grammy-winning album Barton Hollow. Then Punch Brothers showcase their latest recording Who's Feeling Young Now?.G


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|2013-01-25, 06:58
|Link #842
TSF Fans
Join Date: Sep 2008
What a funniest episode ever here .... Well said hanemura kun hahahahaa and the best three comments after sis-com :
-Natsumura : Well said .
-Evangeline : The one thing everyone wanted to say .
-Testsuma : Forbidden word .
And new reaction from samon sama before/after calling the princess
|2013-01-25, 09:24
|Link #843
Join Date: Dec 2011
Age: 24
^ Yeah, those were two funny scenes.
Hm, I wonder who'll end up with who in the long run..
- Yoshino loves Aika and she also seems to love him back. But if she does, then why didn't she go through with the kiss in the sunflower field a few episodes back?
- Mashiro also seems to love Aika, but it's unclear if she loves him (her love for him may be platonic as it's definitely not the one two siblings share, as they aren't really siblings).
- Hakaze loves Yoshino, but Yoshino seems to have eyes only for Aika. I could definitely see him fall for Hakaze, but if Aika somehow comes back (I don't think she will) then'll probably just go for her..
It's also pretty funny to note, as other people have, that the OP shows Yoshino and Hakaze together (although that may be it just showing her feelings for him as opposed to vice versa) while the ED shows, no, it basically ships Yoshino and Aika.
At this point, since Hakaze has grown on me so much, I don't mind who Yoshino ends up but, I really think Mahiro will end up alone. I'd definitely love to be proven wrong about, though.
|2013-01-25, 10:32
|Link #844
Join Date: Nov 2008
Location: Somewhere between heaven and hell !
Yeah i was laughing so hard
Anyway , something bothered me for a while. We don't know much about Yoshino...
|2013-01-26, 10:45
|Link #849
Osana-Najimi Shipper
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Mt. Ordeals
Or maybe, the Tree of Genesis preemptively killed Aika BECAUSE it 'knew' in the future that Hakaze will fall in love with Yoshino?
But I didn't expect ZnT to have a humorous episode such as this. From Hakaze's non-chalant attitude about Samon's plans, to someone FINALLY calling out Mahiro on his sis-con tendencies, I was laughing throughout the episode. Well played Okada, well played.
|2013-01-26, 16:42
|Link #850
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2009
A shame they didn't put these
Last edited by Bern-san; 2013-01-31 at 15:41.
|2013-01-31, 15:41
|Link #852
Senior Member
Join Date: Sep 2009
A very enjoyable episode despite most of it was original.
Spoiler for 16:
The best part of the episode was definitely the preview. Finally they're animating Marine Snow! Which includes my favorite flashbacks with Aika and Yoshino
|2013-01-31, 17:12
|Link #854
Senior Member
Join Date: Feb 2011
Location: California
Looks like the next episode will focus on Yoshino's girlfriend at the behest of Hakaze-san. Can't wait, it's really a another good opportunity to continue fleshing out Aika's story a bit more, also for Hakaze dere-dere moments.
|2013-02-01, 02:27
|Link #856
Senior Member
Join Date: Apr 2012
Dere-dere Hakaze's inner monologue done in the mode like Samon's from eps 9-12 was pretty damn hilarious. It seems those scenes went over pretty well among the design staff.
It would appear we're headed for some type of major plot point around ep 18 or 19, that would send off the further part of the series. I wonder what that's going to be, as they've injected a lot of original content (apparently). It'll be interesting to see where it's going. It's a great series, for sure.
|2013-02-01, 02:49
|Link #857
Me at work
|2013-02-01, 03:23
|Link #858
Senior Member
Join Date: Aug 2011
woooo...this episode is good, now things finally start moving again...the info that the two tree might have been one? the possible ending of hamlet or tempest? hakaze in shitty love comedy mode...yeea
and of course aika is being aizen again trolling everyone even after death...aizen and aika would be such a good friend...
P.S : by the way, let's just say you're have to pick...would you pick hakaze or aika to be your GF? for me is hakaze...aika even though she is smart,cool and everything would be too scary for me...
|2013-02-01, 06:59
|Link #859
Senior Member
Join Date: Jan 2011
good episode,liked how they keep ball rolling storywise.
- yukatta aika <3, but I think I'm warming up more to Hakaze...she'sjust nice, especially her dere side ^^
-"outof all the people I know you are the most frightening ..." >aika to yoshino, wow that's some heavy statement there, and foreshadowing?
|2013-02-01, 14:33
|Link #860
Join Date: May 2009
But it changed the order of things (especially Mahiro's commentary on the ghosts, it supposedly was a build up for a later event), so I am curious how future events will be excuted now.
|bones, gangan, magic, mystery, shounen, tragedy, zetsuen
|Thread Tools


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Are you the type of person who likes to spend your money as soon as you earn it? Or do you prefer to wait so you can buy something bigger and better in the future?
The Marshmallow Experiment
A famous experiment called the Marshmallow experiment found that children who delay gratification tend to be more successful than those who don't. In this experiment, scientists gave children one marshmallow and told them they could eat the treat now, or wait until they returned and get two marshmallows instead. The study found that children who were able to wait for two candies were more likely to graduate high school and become successful.
What if I Can't Wait - Am I Doomed?
No. What's important to know is that delaying gratification can be learned! Your brain is a muscle and exercising it can change negative behavior if you follow a few simple steps.
Focus on Goals
First, write a plan for what you desire. Seeing your plan will make it easier to achieve. Next, post a picture of your goal and refer to it when temptation strikes. After your picture is posted, visualize using your new item. These steps will help you focus on the future and avoid impulse buys that can set back your goal. Learn to spend less than you make and save money for a rainy day to be on the path to financial success. The power is all in your mind. Learn to practice self-control and you'll be happier and more successful when you're my age. Have you ever delayed gratification for something you've wanted? How did you feel when you finally achieved your goal? Share your experience in the comments.
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DURANT, Okla. – With the potential of stormy spring weather just around the corner, Southeastern Oklahoma State University is teaming up with the National Weather Service and Durant/Bryan County Emergency Management Office for an informational presentation.
The "Storm Ready'' presentation is scheduled for Wednesday, February 20, from 2-4 p.m. in the Southeastern Ballroom. The University community, area school officials, and the general public are encouraged to attend.
Presenters include Rick Smith, a warning coordination meteorologist with the National Weather Service (NWS) in Norman, Oklahoma, and James Dalton, director of the Durant/Bryan County Emergency Management office.
Among the topics to be covered are outdoor emergency warning devices, shelters, cloud and storm recognition, and storm safety tips. Videos of actual tornadoes will also be shown. A question-and-answer session will conclude the program.
Based in the Norman NWS office, Smith leads a team of forecasters who help train severe storm spotters throughout the office's 56-county area of responsibility. He also works closely with the media, emergency managers and other state, county and local government officials to ensure that communities in central and western Oklahoma and western north Texas are ready when hazardous weather threatens. Smith began his National Weather Service career as a student volunteer/student trainee at the Memphis office. Upon graduation, he became a meteorologist intern, and in 1997 was selected as a forecaster at the NWS office in Tulsa.
In 1999, Smith was chosen to fill the newly-developed performance and evaluation meteorologist position at Southern Region Headquarters in Fort Worth, Texas. In 2002, he moved to Norman to serve in his current position.
Dalton, a Bryan County native, has served in his current position in emergency management since 2006. A graduate of the Northeastern State University Certified Emergency Manager Program, he is a Certified Oklahoma Emergency Manager, member of the Oklahoma Disaster Task Force, and member of the Oklahoma Disaster Task Force Planning Committee for Disaster Sheltering.
He also holds an associate's degree in Applied Science — Respiratory Therapy from Rose State College.
Dalton served as the original Chairman/Administrator of the Bryan County Ambulance Authority in 1981, which established the current Bryan County Emergency Medical Service. He has assisted the Durant Police Department since 1993 in various capacities, currently as a Crisis Negotiator for the SRT (Special Response Team).
Among the disasters he has worked are the Murrah Bombing in Oklahoma City and the Tushka, Oklahoma, tornado in 2011.
This program is part of the ongoing Southeastern Organization Leadership Development (SOLD) series at the University.


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EUREKA Crumbling foundations are all that remain of this once-vibrant San Juan County mining town, which lived and died on the production and milling of ore.
Today, the former town site eight miles north of Silverton is best known as a popular camp site, but this year, for the first time, the privilege comes with a cost.
County officials said the conversion of Eureka to a paid 50-space campground and day-use area was necessary.
Pete McKay, a county commissioner, said it eliminates willy-nilly campsites and fire pits, and, above all, controls an extreme problem of sewage and human waste.
The campground is a step in development of logical corridors according to the county master plan and land-use code, McKay said.
Eureka became a spot on the map in the early 1870s when miners began to pan for gold. A mill to process ore followed.
No explosive growth occurred; rather, a steady influx of settlers was drawn by the establishment of a post office in 1875 and, in 1896, a link to the outside through a connection to the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad via the Silverton Northern Railroad.
Town elders petitioned for incorporation in 1881, a request granted in 1883.
Eureka was the only community in the county, other than Silverton, to incorporate, said Bev Rich, a local historian and the county treasurer.
But when the mill closed in 1939, the town went into a swoon, never to revive. The population dwindled and the area became a hodgepodge of parcels with different owners.
When the dust settled after 12 years of negotiations, San Juan County, the Bureau of Land Management and Sunnyside Gold Corp. had manageable holdings.
The federal agency consolidated its holdings around Animas Forks, another early-day mining center, McKay said. The county acquired the northern third of the valley, and Sunnyside holds the remainder to put on the market as home sites.
Organized camping provides stability, McKay said. The county, which will share any profits, plans to apply for Great Outdoors Colorado grants to make improvements.
Terri Brokering and her husband, Dr. Robert Brokering, a retired practitioner of family medicine in Glenwood Springs, own and operate nearby Eureka Lodge, a restored boardinghouse for miners.
Over the years, weve watched the misuse and abuse of this wonderful, pristine valley, Terri Brokering said. Control was needed to prevent the defacing or destruction of the historic structures, to enforce fire bans and monitor illegal ATV or OHV riding.
She said that when the county decided that renegade free camping at Eureka needed to be regulated, they submitted a bid and were awarded a contract to manage the campground.
Were not out to make money, Brokering said. We want to protect the environment and see if we can bring back what was lost.
The couples contract with the county took effect June 1 and is valid for 10 years.
The campground has 41 individual sites and several group sites. The on-premises hosts are Jack and Linda McNutt from Harlingen, Texas.
The rest of the 50 acres are available free of charge for day use such as picnicking or hiking.
Tracy and Dan Kaderabek and daughter, Elle, 13, were there recently the second year in a row theyve visited from Manitowoc, Wis.
They like four-wheeling and panning for gold and they arrived equipped for both activities.
The only difference is the $10 nightly fee to park their NRC custom coach and trailer, a whopping 83 feet from grill to tail lights.
I understand trying to have order by making it a paying campground, Tracy Kaderabek said. But the yahoos, the kids up all night or the noise we worried about before we came last year didnt happen.
We didnt see anything bad last year as a result of free camping, Kaderabek said. I dont see that this makes a difference.
Dan Kaderabek agreed. But not enough was done to prepare the terrain for occupancy, he said, pointing to the right rear of the coach, which was damaged when the vehicle bottomed out on uneven ground.
In laying out the campsites, the Brokerings respected the original configuration of the town. The campsites correspond to lot sizes in the town.
Its all dry camping now, Jack McNutt said. But there are plans for an RV dump station and maybe a water tap.