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When, a couple of days ago, I suggested accepting they as a singular to provide the epicene pronoun English otherwise lacks, there was the sort of brouhaha that one encounters whenever some minor idol is toppled from its plinth.
It occurs to me that the comments fell immediately into the stereotyped responses in disputes over usage and that I could report them here, perhaps using them as a template for responses to further kerfuffles. You know, like Edmund Wilson's postcard responding to requests. Just reply with a link to this post and cite the appropriate number.
Some of the responses from Facebook and elsewhere:
1. I'm sorry, but I still cringe when "they" is used for the singular.
You're still allowed your own tastes and preferences. Acknowledging that black English is a dialect of English does not compel you to use black English yourself. You can allow other people to use ain't even if it never passes your lips. It's still the same democratic language it always was. The question is whether you get to impose some personal stylistic preference on other people as a rule. Generally, not.
2. Never! It's an abomination. I will keep fighting it till my dying day.
No, it's not. Shooting twenty schoolchildren with a semiautomatic rifle is an abomination. Invading Iraq over nonexistent weapons of mass destruction, leading to the deaths and maimings of thousands of Americans and untold tens of thousands of Iraqis, is an abomination. Singular they is at the most a minor solecism, and the evidence suggests that it is not even that. This sort of emotional reaction is typically a means of avoiding examination of the evidence.
3. But it's a Rule.
As Thoreau observed, "Any fool can make a rule and every fool will mind it." Many of the "rules" sticklers cite are constructs not supported by empirical examination of the language. The rule against ending sentences with prepositions was concocted to make English resemble Latin. The split infinitive rule and the "split verb" rule and all the other zombie rules, the things that even prescriptivists like Bryan Garner call superstitions, do not deserve respect.
4. The worrier in me asks, "What next? Using 'comprise' when one means 'compose'? Starting sentences with a numeral?"
Evidently the Rules constitute a great levee or dike. Pop one out, and Holland will be at the bottom of the sea again. This is another dodge to avoid looking at the empirical evidence in order to make informed judgments.
5. The clients pay the bills. Mine don't allow singular "they," so plural it shall stay.
Ah yes, the client, the boss, the stylebook. I feel for the editor with that client/boss/stylebook. I've worked for more than thirty years as a newspaper copy editor, during which time it has fallen to my unhappy lot to enforce all manner of idiotic ukases. Perhaps it is possible to reason with the client or the boss; I have even attempted to reason with the editors of the Associated Press Stylebook, with mixed results.
6. I don't care that Jane Austen used it.
Arguing from history is tricky. Jane Austen used any one ... they. She also used her's. Why cite her for the one but not the other? Spend enough time with the OED and you'll find that nearly everything possible has popped up at one time or another. That's why Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage is so useful on this point. Its entry on the singular they demonstrates a consistent pattern of use by established writers over a span of centuries. That is the benefit you can get from empirical investigation instead of rule-mongering.
7.The singular "they", ignoring number agreement between subject and predicate, exists to replace the inclusive "he" for nakedly political–specifically feminist–reasons. Top-down substitutes, like "s/he" and "thon" having failed, the speech of illiterates provides something that works bottom up.
It's refreshing when a responder is frank about their own political preferences, since the point in these disputes so often comes down to some political issue, some point of status. It also makes the argument easier to puncture, viz., singular they has been current since the time of Chaucer, who was evidently little influenced by Betty Friedan. Or that the speech of illiterates does work bottom-up in the language, which is how we got from Anglo-Saxon to modern English. As with individual stylistic preferences, people are entitled to hold political views. Or that sensitivity to sexism and other "politically correct" issues has become a component of public manners rather than an imposition by a cabal. As with individual stylistic preferences, people are entitled to hold political views. But changes in language usage are normal, and they do not endanger civilization.
8. But the sticklers will complain.
Why, in matters of language usage, do we truckle to ignorance? We don't in science (except on Texas school boards and the Tennessee Legislature and other places where ignorance runs riot). Let them complain. They like to complain. Complaining reinforces their fancied importance and status as Defenders of the Good, the True, and the Beautiful. Then just go about your business as before.


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Wild Re-Sign Rau and Agree to Deal With Veilleux
The Minnesota Wild have re-signed center Chad Rau to a 2-year contract and agreed to terms on a 1-year contract with left wing Stephane Veilleux. Veilleux returned to the Wild in a trade with New Jersey in February. Rau scored 2 goals in 9 games for the Wild last season. He's an Eden Prairie native.
The Wild have also offered qualifying offers to 8 offers players including Guillaume Latendresse. The Wild reportedly are trying to work out a 1-year incentive laden contract for Latendresse. NHL free agency begins on July 1. Minnesota is expected to pursue expected free agent Zach Parise.

subset: commoncrawl


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PER: Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad
On-line version ISSN 1727-3781
PER vol.13 n.4 Potchefstroom Jan. 2010
Towards a clearer definition and understanding of "indigenous community" for the purposes of the intellectual property laws amendment bill, 2010: an exploration of the concepts "indigenous" and "traditional"*
S Geyer
Sunelle Geyer. BProc LLB LLD (Pretoria). Senior lecturer in intellectual property law in the Department of Mercantile Law, University of South Africa (email@example.com)
Although "indigenous" and "traditional" are key concepts in the Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Bill of 2010, they are not defined therein. The Bill does, however, provide a definition of "indigenous community" that is very clear as to where one should look for indigenous communities for the purposes of this Bill, and that there is likely to be a plurality of such communities, but is very vague as to which groups exactly will qualify as being indigenous. It is uncertain whether or not the current vague wording of the definition would be strong enough to widen the much narrower understanding of indigenousness prevailing in other South African legislation, the legislation of selected other jurisdictions, and the United Nations. Recommendations are made as to how the definition of an "indigenous community" may be rephrased to address these uncertainties more clearly.
Keywords: Indigenous community; intellectual property; indigenous; traditional.
1 Introduction
In intellectual property law it is important to know what is being protected. The nature of the legal object will determine which intellectual property rights can apply thereto. Copyright, for example, protects only legal objects that qualify as "works". The Copyright Act 98 of 1978 lists and defines nine types of works1 and if something does not fall into one of these categories, it cannot enjoy copyright. If it does fall into one of the categories, it then has to be determined further if the requirements for copyright, such as originality and material form, are met.
The Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Bill, 20102 inter alia proposes the insertion of a tenth category of copyrightable works into the Copyright Act, namely "traditional works". "Traditional work" is defined (in the Bill) as a work which originated and acquired traditional character from an indigenous community. The existence of a "traditional work" (as a legal object in which legal subjects can enjoy copyright) therefore heavily depends on one's being able to identify the relevant indigenous community.
Further, in the Memorandum on the Objects of the Bill, it is repeatedly stated that this legislation is for the benefit of indigenous communities.3
Subsequently a crucial question with regard to the proposed legislation is: what is an indigenous community? Although the Bill provides a definition of indigenous community, it does so in a very superficial way that neither addresses the complexities of indigenousness, nor the intricacies of community. To complicate matters further, the word "traditional" also frequents the Bill, but not necessarily as a mere synonym for "indigenous".4
Hence the aim of this article is, firstly, to draw attention to the importance of the concept of an "indigenous community" in the Bill and, secondly, to point out the current confusion and contradictions regarding this concept. This will be done by analysing the use of certain words and phrases in the Bill, as well as the wording of the definition of "indigenous community". Aspects emphasised are the unregimented use of the word "community" in the said definition and its apparent inconsistency with the meaning of the phrase "indigenous community" in other South African legislation. The definition of an "indigenous community" in the Bill is further contrasted to the much narrower understanding and/or defining of indigenous communities in Malaysia and the Phillippines, as well as the United Nations. Thirdly, the role that the definition of an "indigenous community" can/should play to communicate the legislator's intention is investigated, and certain recommendations are made in conclusion.
2 A simple content analysis of the use of the words "indigenous" and "traditional" in the Bill
The Bill (excluding its Memorandum) was searched for all appearances of the word "indigenous" therein. "Indigenous" was found 53 times. It further appeared that "indigenous" was used as part of the phrase "indigenous community"/"indigenous communities" (41 times), or as part of the phrase "indigenous origin" (8 times), or as part of the phrase "indigenous knowledge" (4 times).
The same type of search was done for all appearances of "traditional" in the Bill. The word "traditional" was found 139 times. It further appeared that "traditional" was used frequently (103 times) as part of different phrases that describe some sort of legal object (eg "traditional performance/s" or "traditional [copyright] work"). The word "traditional" appears a further 36 times as part of the following phrases that do not directly describe the object of a specific intellectual property right: "traditional intellectual property", "traditional character", "traditional healers" and "traditional cultures and values".
For ease of reference the above findings are also set out in Table 1 below.
From the above analysis it appears that "indigenous" and "traditional" are not used as mere synonyms in the Bill and that different roles are assigned to each of these words. In the Bill, the word "indigenous" is predominantly used in relation to the origin of the legal object. "Traditional", on the other hand, is mainly used to describe the nature of the (new) object of an intellectual property right, for example the performance, copyright work, trade mark or design in question. Significantly, nowhere in the Bill is the word "traditional" used to describe a community.
It is especially important, as will be explained in more detail below, that phrases containing the word "indigenous" and phrases containing the word "traditional" are used together to define the new legal objects created by the Bill. Although certain attributes of both indigenousness and traditionality need to be present in a legal object for it to qualify for protection under this Bill, neither of these fundamental concepts is defined in the Bill.
3 The close connection between "indigenous" and "traditional" in defining legal objects
Although "traditional" is not defined, the Bill does define some of the legal objects that the word "traditional" forms part of. A "'traditional performance' means a performance which is recognised by an indigenous community as a performance having an indigenous origin and a traditional character",6 "a 'traditional work' means a work which originated and acquired traditional character from an indigenous community",7 "a 'traditional term or expression' means a term or expression which is recognised by an indigenous community as a term or expression having an indigenous origin and a traditional character and which is used to designate, describe or refer to goods or services,8 and "a 'traditional design' means any design applied to any article ... which design is recognised by an indigenous community as having an indigenous origin and a traditional character".9
The above four definitions are unpacked in Table 2 below. It illustrates how all of the above "traditional" legal objects are defined in terms of "traditional character" and indigenousness.
It therefore appears that, for a legal object to enjoy protection as a result of the Bill, it must meet the requirements of relating to an "indigenous community", and having an "indigenous origin" and a "traditional character". In other words, if all of the said three requirements are not present - if they do not hold hands -there is no legal object. Indigenousness is, therefore, a key element of two of the said three requirements that determine whether something will qualify for protection under the proposed new legislation.
4 A definition of "indigenous community"
Although the Bill does not define "indigenous", it does propose the insertion of the following definition of "indigenous community" into the Performers' Protection Act,11 the Copyright Act,12 the Trade Marks Act13 and the Designs Act:14
"indigenous community" means any community of people currently living within the borders of the Republic, or who historically lived in the geographic area currently located within the borders of the Republic.15
Generally speaking, a "community" can, inter alia, be defined in terms of the area in which a group of people lives or in terms of a group of people's common background or shared interests or it can refer to the public or society in general.16
As regards the "area" facet of the concept "community", the Bill clearly limits the relevant area to the Republic of South Africa (RSA). Communities who previously lived within the current borders of the country are also included. That means, for example, that the Ndebele of Zimbabwe may also be regarded as indigenous to South Africa, as they are the result of a nineteenth century migration from South Africa under the leadership of Mzilikazi, the founder of the Ndebele nation17. A further example may be that of the Boer community of Patagonia, Argentina, who emigrated there in around 1902 after the Anglo Boer War and are apparently still holding on to their South African traditions.18
What can further be deduced from the definition of an "indigenous community" is that the word "any" is an indication that the phrase "indigenous community" does not refer to the public or society in general, that is, to South Africans generally, but to a plurality of groups.
The definition can, therefore, be said to be clear on where to look for indigenous communities - in the RSA, now or in history - and that there is likely to be a plurality of such communities, but it is very vague as to which groups exactly will qualify as being indigenous. It is, for example, unclear whether the current definition includes post-colonial indigenous communities, and even pre-colonial communities who are no longer living in traditional homesteads.
The definition of an "indigenous community" in the Bill can further be described as wide, especially when compared with the definitions of an "indigenous community" and a "traditional community" as they appear in other South African legislation. The South African Regulations on Bio-Prospecting, Access and Benefit-Sharing 19 provide a quite detailed definition of an "indigenous community", which inter alia requires the relevant community to be "living or having rights or interests in a distinct geographical area within the Republic of South Africa" and to have a leadership structure. In terms of the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act,20 a community may be recognised as a traditional community if it is subject to a system of traditional leadership in terms of that community's customs and observes a system of customary law. The premier of a province may, under certain circumstances, recognise a community as a traditional community by notice in the Provincial Gazette.
It therefore appears that, in South African legislation in general, the existing definitions of an "indigenous community" and a "traditional community" are not only similar, but are also a great deal narrower than the definition of an "indigenous community" in the Bill. These narrower definitions require elements such as land rights or interests and/or occupation, traditional leadership and adherence to customary law. This apparent disparity between the concept of an indigenous community in the Bill and the concept of an indigenous/traditional community in other South African legislation is underlined by paragraph 4 of the Memorandum on the Objects of the Bill, which states that it is not necessary to refer the Bill to the National
House of Traditional Leaders in terms of section 18(1)(a) of the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act, since it does not contain provisions pertaining to customary law and the customs of traditional communities.21
As land rights or interests and/or occupation, having a traditional leadership and adherence to customary law are elements in the above definitions, it is interesting to note the very detailed approach to defining "indigenous" and/or "local communities" that is followed in Malaysian and Philippine legislation. Here the relevant communities are defined not only in terms of area and plurality, but also very strongly in terms of the common background or shared interest of the community.
In Malaysia, indigenousness22 is strongly defined in terms of nativeness,23 which generally appears to be an important and meticulously defined term in Malaysian law.
The Malaysian Federal Protection of New Plant Varieties Act24 makes a distinction between a "local community"25 and "indigenous people".26 While "indigenous people" is defined with reference to the term "native",27 which is also very comprehensively defined, the definition of a "local community" does not refer to nativeness in any way. It is also interesting to note that with regard to Sarawak, persons of mixed blood deriving exclusively from the specified races are also regarded as being native. However, in the Malaysian Act as a whole, although a "local community" and "indigenous people" are separately and differently defined groups, they are consistently referred to in the same breath and are apparently given the same rights throughout the Act.
The Philippine Indigenous Peoples Rights Act28 also gives a very detailed definition of the terms "indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples"29 and it is interesting to note the following "narrow" concepts appearing in this Act: "selfascription", "continuously lived", "claims of ownership since time immemorial" and "differentiated from the majority".
5 The United Nations' understanding of indigenousness
The United Nations (UN) Developmental Group Guidelines on Indigenous People's Issues (Feb 2008) confirmed the prevailing views regarding indigenousness with reference to three UN documents: The Martinez Cobo Report,30 the International Labour Organisation (ILO) Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention31 and the Working Paper on the Concept of "Indigenous People".32 An analysis of the adjectives used in these three reports shows that all three of the said documents use the following characteristics to describe "indigenous peoples": pre-colonial, preconquest or before the establishment of the present state boundaries; distinctiveness; having their own customs and/or traditions, laws, language, religion etc; being determined to preserve their own institutions, customs and so forth; and identifying themselves as being distinct/tribal/indigenous.
Therefore, at the heart of the UN understanding of indigenousness lies selfidentification as being clearly different from others, and the determination to preserve that distinctiveness. It is quite certain that not all South African communities (vide the current definition of "indigenous community" in the Bill), including communities who previously lived in the RSA, whether pre-colonial or not, would pass this test.
6 The see-saw metaphor
In mathematical equations, the left side of an equation has to be equal to the right. Similarly, the definition of a term may be viewed as an equation. When looking at the dictionary or ordinary meaning of a word, one will find that the "left side" (the term or phrase) generally equals the "right side" (the meaning of the term or phrase). In addition, a word may also have a technical meaning that is generally accepted within a certain profession or context, like the meaning of the term "indigenous peoples" from a UN perspective. However, statutory definitions may be used to give a word a meaning that differs from the ordinary meaning, including meanings that the term may have acquired in a certain context. In order to accomplish this, the legislator generally has to add to the "right side" of the "equation" to alter the "ordinary" meaning of the term appearing on the "left". The statutory definition, therefore, creates a technical meaning of the term for purposes of that piece of legislation.
The metaphor of a playground see-saw may be used to illustrate this point further. As the Bill stands, an "indigenous community" = "any community of people currently living within the borders of the Republic, or who historically lived in the geographic area currently located within the borders of the Republic". This means that on the one end of the bar (on the ground) are two big children called "Indigenous" and "Community" and on the other end of the bar (up in the air) sits a small boy called "RSA". The notion of the "indigenous", which is a quite narrowly defined concept in international law, is not addressed (broadened) on the "right-hand side" of the definition at all. "Community", a complex concept that can be described from many points of view, is defined only with regard to the "area" (the RSA) aspect thereof. Therefore, in order to balance the right side of the definition with its left side - according to the apparent intention of the legislator that "indigenous community" should have a broad meaning - either the left side needs to be made lighter or the right side heavier. Since the word "indigenous" appears 53 times in the Bill, it is probably too late to ask indigenousness to climb off, and "Community" will almost certainly also have to stay.
Generally, the more vague or unclear the "right side" of a statutory definition, the more room is left for interpretation. As the Bill currently stands, the meaning of "indigenous community" depends heavily on the meaning of "any community", which can mean many different things to different people, ranging from meanings as narrow and precise as the examples from Malaysia and the Philippines described above, to literally any RSA community. Take, for instance, the following observation made by Ngonyama and Modipa within the context of community psychology, which serves to illustrate just how narrow the meaning of "community", and consequently that of an "indigenous community", can be interpreted within the South African context:
It seems that the use of the term "community" in South Africa has come almost automatically to refer to economically disadvantaged groups, which, given the history of apartheid, and the ongoing economic divisions characteristic of the post-apartheid era, are typically those of black South Africans ... for how often does one speak of "white communities" ... ?33
7 Conclusion and recommendations
Having looked at other South African legislation, examples of definitions from other jurisdictions, as well as the UN's understanding of indigenousness, it is concluded that the term "indigenous" generally refers to a quite narrow concept. Although in the Bill the concept seems intended to go beyond these narrow parameters, the wording of the definition of "indigenous community" in the Bill is not quite "heavy" enough to give such a wider meaning thereto. The intention of the legislator as to who may qualify as an "indigenous community" - the definition which determines what is protected by the Bill and who will benefit from it - is therefore not clear.
Recommendations are made below as to how the definition in the Bill may be rephrased to more clearly address these uncertainties.
Rengecas34 submits that "the definition of indigenous community should be amended to any community of people currently living within the borders of the Republic, or who historically lived in the geographic area currently located within the borders of the Republic and which maintain and develop traditional lifestyles" (emphasis in the original).
Rengecas35 further suggests (with reference to Bo Hammer Jensen) that an indigenous community may not include communities defined by "other criteria", such as religion or gender, but that it may include immigrant groups in the sense of "communities that may be uniquely South African but may not necessarily be considered indigenous in the strict interpretation of the word". If this understanding of "indigenous communities" is added to her proposed definition above, one has an even more "balanced" definition (still thinking in the context of the see-saw metaphor)..
Since the phrase "traditional lifestyle" involves issues degree, with a community in the form of a remote Zulu homestead in KwaZulu-Natal on the one end and a community such as an urban South African Chinese community on the other end of the continuum, an indication as to where the legislator's sentiments lie could be very helpful. The legislator could even consider inserting a "for example, but not limited to" phrase into the definition, referring to examples of immigrant communities that may qualify as "indigenous communities".
In the light of the above, including the suggestions by the said authors and depending on the legislator's exact intentions, it is proposed that the definition of "indigenous community" in the Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Bill, 2010 may be amended to read as follows:
"indigenous community" means any community of people currently living within the borders of the Republic or which historically lived in the geographic area currently located within the borders of the Republic and which maintains and develops traditional lifestyles, whether its members live closely together or not, including immigrant communities that are uniquely South African, but excluding communities defined by criteria other than indigenousness, such as religion or gender.
Lindgren B "The internal dynamics of ethnicity: clan names, origins and castes in Southern Zimbabwe" 2004 Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 173-193 [ Links ]
Ngonyama Ka Sigogo T and Modipa OT "Critical reflections on community and psychology in South Africa" in Norman Duncan et al (eds) Self, Community and Psychology (University of Cape Town Press Cape Town 2004) Chapter 2 [ Links ]
Rengecas T "Protection of traditional knowledge systems in South Africa - Part 2: Proposed amendments to intellectual property laws" Oct 2008 De Rebus 24-27 [ Links ]
Register of legislation
South Africa
Copyright Act 98 of 1978
Designs Act 195 of 1993
Income Tax Act 58 of 1962
Intellectual Property Laws Amendment Bill, 201
National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004
Performers' Protection Act 11 of 1967
Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993
Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act 41 of 2003
Constitution of Malaysia
Federal Protection of New Plant Varieties Act 2004
Interpretation (Definition of Native) Ordinance (Sabah Cap. 64) Sabah Biodiversity Enactment 2000
Philippine Indigenous Peoples Rights Act 1997
Register of government publications
GN R138 in GG 30739 of 8 February 2008
Register of international documents
United Nations
ILO Convention Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (C169) 1989
Cobo JRM Study of the Problem of Discrimination against Indigenous Populations -UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1986/7 1986
UN Working Paper on the Concept of "Indigenous People" 1996 (E/CN.4/Sub.2/AC.4/1996/2)
Register of Internet sources
Coviello JIP 2004 Die Boere in vandag se Argentinië: die wonderlike geskiedenis en hede van 'n merkwaardige gemeenskap www.roepstem.net/argentina.html [date of use 24 June 2009] [ Links ]
List of abbreviations
|International Labour Organisation
|United Nations
* This article is based on a paper delivered at the Conference on Traditional Knowledge in Legal Context held at the Potchefstroom Campus of North-West University, South Africa, on 17 and 18 March 2009.
1 These are literary works, musical works, artistic works, cinematographic films, sound recordings, broadcasts, programme-carrying signals, published editions and computer programmes (listed in S 2(1) of the Copyright Act 98 of 1978).
2 Hereinafter referred to as "the Bill".
3 See inter alia par 1.7, par 2.1(d) and par 2.2 of the Memorandum to the Bill.
4 The word "traditional" is also not defined in the Bill.
5 It is interesting to note that the four occurrences of the phrase "traditional knowledge" in the 2007 version of the Bill (all in S 40B(1) and (4)) were replaced by "indigenous knowledge" in the 2010 Bill.
6 S 1(g) of the Bill.
7 S 5(a) of the Bill.
8 S 18(e) of the Bill.
9 S 27(g) of the Bill.
10 In the previous draft of the Bill a "traditional work" was defined as "a literary work, an artistic work or a musical work which is recognised by an indigenous community as a work having an indigenous origin and a traditional character".
11 11 of 1967.
12 98 of 1978.
13 194 of 1993.
14 195 of 1993.
15 See S 1(c) (re amendment of Performers' Protection Act); S 5(d) (re amendment of Copyright Act); S 18(d) (re amendment of the Trade Marks Act); and S 28(e) (re amendment of the Designs Act).
16 Encarta Dictionary: "1. people in area a group of people who live in the same area, or the area in which they live; a close-knit fishing community 2. People with common background a group of people with a common background or with shared interests within society; the financial community ... 4. society the public or society in general; a useful member of the community ... ."
17 Lindgren 2004 Africa173.
18 Coviello 2004 www.roepstem.net/argentina.html.
19 GN R138 in GG 30739 of 8 February 2008.
20 41 of 2003, S 2(1). The Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 further explains the term "traditional community" as having the meaning provided in the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act. In terms of the Income Tax Act the receipts and accruals of any traditional community established or recognised in terms of the Traditional Leadership and Governance Framework Act shall be exempted from normal tax (s 10(1)(t)(vii) of Act 58 of 1962). Donation tax is further not payable in respect of a donation made to a traditional community (s 56(1) of Act 58 of 1962).
21 However, in A 3 of the Memorandum on the Objects of the Bill it is stated that "Traditional Leaders in KZN and North West Provinces" were consulted.
22 S2 ofthe Sabah Biodiversity Enactment 2000: "'indigenous or local community' means 'any group of natives as defined under section 2 of the Interpretation (Definition of Native) Ordinance who share a knowledge tradition and have common interests in the utilisation and conservation of biodiversity'".
23 The definition of "native" in S 2 of the Interpretation (Definition of Native) Ordinance (Sabah Cap. 64): "(1) Wherever the word "native", used as a substantive, occurs in any written law in force at the commencement of this Ordinance, other than the Ordinances set out in the Schedule to this Ordinance, or in any written law coming into force after the commencement of this Ordinance, unless expressly otherwise enacted therein, it shall mean either - (a) any person both of whose parents are or were members of a people indigenous to Sabah; or (b) any person ordinarily resident in Sabah and being and living as a member of a native community, one at least of whose parents or ancestors is or was a native within the meaning of paragraph (a) hereof; or (c) any person who is ordinarily resident in Sabah, is a member of the Suluk, Kagayan, Simonol, Sibutu or Ubian people or of a people indigenous to the State of Sarawak or the State of Brunei, has lived as and been a member of a native community for a continuous period of three years preceding the date of his claim to be a native, has borne a good character throughout that period and whose stay in Sabah is not limited under any of the provisions of the Immigration Act, 1959/63: Provided that if one of such person's parents is or was a member of any such people and either lives or if deceased is buried or reputed to be buried in Sabah, then the qualifying period shall be reduced to two years; or(d) any person who is ordinarily resident in Sabah, is a member of a people indigenous to the Republic of Indonesia or the Sulu group of islands in the Philippine Archipelago or the States of Malaya or the Republic of Singapore, has lived as and been a member of a native community for a continuous period of five years immediately preceding the date of his claim to be a native, has borne a good character throughout that period and whose stay in Sabah is not limited under any of the provisions of the Immigration Act, 1959/63. (2) In the definition of "native" set out in subsection (1) hereof -(a) "ancestor" means progenitor in the direct line other than a parent; (b) "native community" means any group or body of persons the majority of whom are natives within the meaning of paragraph (a) of subsection (1) and who live under the jurisdiction of a Local Authority established under the provisions of the Rural Government Ordinance* or of a Native Chief or Headman appointed under the provisions of that Ordinance; (c) "parent" includes any person recognised as a parent under native law or custom. (3) No claim by any person to be a native by virtue of the provisions of paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of subsection (1) shall be recognised as valid unless supported by an appropriate declaration made by a Native Court under section 3."
24 2004.
25 "'[L]ocal community' means a group of individuals who have settled together and continuously inherit production processes and culture or a group of individuals settled together in a village or area and under an eco-cultural system".
26 "'[I]ndigenous people' means persons who fall within the definition of the 'aborigine' or 'native' as defined respectively in Clause (2) of Article 160 and clause (6) of Article 161A of the Federal Constitution".
27 Definition of "native" in clause (2) of a 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia: "'aborigine' means an aborigine of the Malay Peninsula". Clause (6) of a 161A: "'native' means -"(a) In relation to Sarawak, a person who is a citizen and either belongs to one of the races specified in Clause (7) as indigenous to the State or is of mixed blood deriving exclusively from those races; and (b) In relation to Sabah, a person who is a citizen, is the child or grandchild of a person of a race indigenous to Sabah, and was born (whether on or after Malaysia Day or not) either in Sabah or to a father domiciled in Sabah at the time of the birth. ... (7) The races to be treated for the purposes of the definition of "native" in Clause (6) as indigenous to Sarawak are the Bukitans, Bisayahs, Dusuns, Sea Dayaks, Land Dayaks, Kadayans, Kalabit, Kayans, Kenyags (including Sabups and Sipengs), Kajangs (including Sekapans, Kejamans, Lehanans, Punans, Tanjongs dan Kanowits, Lugats, Lisums, Malays, Melanos, Muruts, Penans, Sians, Tagals, Tabuns and Ukits."
28 1997.
29 S3: "For purposes of this Act, the following terms shall mean: ... h) Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples -refer to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by other, who have continuously lived as an organised community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed customs, tradition and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonisation, non-indigenous religions and culture, became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. ICCs/IPs shall likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonisation, or at the time of inroads of non-indigenous religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains."
30 UN Martinez Cobo Report 1986.
31 ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention 1989.
32 UN Working Paper on the Concept of "Indigenous People" 1996.
33 Ngonyama Ka Sigogo and Modipa "Critical Reflections" 2.1-2.2.
34 Rengecas 2008 De Rebus 26.
35 Rengecas 2008 De Rebus 26.


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Find schools and get information on the program that's right for you.
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Maxfield Parrish grew up in a nearly ideal environment for a budding artist. His cultured parents encouraged the development of his artistic talents by exposing him to fine music, literature and the visual arts from an early age. His father, especially, encouraged young Frederick to develop his talent.
In 1888 Parrish entered Haverford College, intent on becoming an architect. Art was not a part of his study at the Quaker college, as it was looked upon with suspicion. In 1892 he enrolled at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and began to prepare for a career in art. Maxfield Parrish's first major commission, in 1894, was for the Old King Cole mural and other wall decorations at the Mask and Wig Club of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia.
While in Philadelphia, he met Lydia Austin, a young painting instructor at Drexel Institute. She and Parrish became close friends, and after a year long courtship, they married in 1895. Shortly after their marriage, Parrish left for Europe, spending the summer studying a wide range of paintings by old masters and allowing him to meet and observe the many American artists studying in Paris.
In 1896 Parrish painted The Sandman, a work he later credited as being the most important in his early career. The Sandman was included in the 1897 annual exhibition of the Society of American Artists, and was later awarded honourable mention at the Paris Exposition of 1900. This recognition for aesthetic quality was important to Parrish, who had been criticised for earning his living in the more directly commercial areas of art.
Inspired by the beauty and quiet of New Hampshire, the Parrish's left Philadelphia in 1898. Parrish had purchased a large tract of land there and was designing and building a beautiful home which they called "The Oaks". Parrish's talent as an architect was lauded by numerous architectural digests and was the subject of many magazine articles.
For sixty-five years Maxfield Parrish worked in widely varied fields--book illustration, magazine illustration, posters, and advertisements, paintings and murals. His unique combination of colour, exotic characters and fanciful castles was particularly esteemed by the mass audiences, who had access to his work through the popular magazines and the books that he illustrated. He was a public artist, painting for a national audience.
In 1962, at ninety-one, Parrish put away his paintbrushes, arthritis and declining health having taken their toll on him. Maxfield Parrish died at "The Oaks" in 1966 at the age of ninety-five.
Contributed by Gifford, Katya


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10:00 pm
America's Armed Forces: Time for a Checkup At a time when laser-guided missiles, stealth technology and drone aircraft are game-changers on battlefields around the world, we sometimes overlook our nation's ultimate weapons system: the more than one million men and women who put their lives on the line every day in America's armed forces. In America's Armed Forces: Time for a Checkup, moderator John King of CNN and expert panelists examine the wide-ranging impacts health-related issues exact on our nation's military preparedness, national security, healthcare policy and economic stability. Topics include how everyday health issues, such as obesity and substance abuse, affect prospective recruits' eligibility to serve; how we assure that our service men and women are fit for the many difficult challenges they face in the post-9/11 world; and how we take care of our nation's wounded warriors. D
11:00 pm
Alan Alda in Scientific American Frontiers "Hot Times In Alaska" The landscape is changing as Alaska warms permafrost thaws, glaciers melt, forests succumb to drought and insect attack. Alda joins scientists in the field who are working to determine if these are signs of global warming and what the future may hold.G


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Contact details
Plaza del Conde, 2
45002 Toledo (Castilla-La Mancha)
Tel.:+34 925254030
- Autonomous region: Castilla-La Mancha
- Province/Island: Toledo
Isabel of Portugal's last residence (wife of Charles V)
Built in the fifteenth century by the first count of Fuensalida. The house's heraldic shields appear on the building's façade.
It is one of the finest examples of palatial Mudejar architecture from Toledo, with clear Gothic influences. The building revolves around a Mudejar style courtyard with brick pillars and bases, and an ancient staircase that leads to the Moor's Workshop with its ornate coffered Plateresque designs from the sixteenth century. On the sides of the doorway there are lion sculptures that sit astride of some columns. Site of the Autonomous Regional Government of Castile-La Mancha.
- Construction: Palace
- Artistic period: Mudejar
- Historic period: 15th century
- Setting: Moor's Workshop, Santo Tome church
Practical information
Only the exterior of the monument can be visited.


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gmc277 needed a new other design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 153 designs submitted by 27 freelance designers.
Starting a blog about high teas and afternoon teas - all over the world.
Tea lovers, food lovers, people interested in entertaining, perhaps travel
Design a rectangular blog header for a WordPress blog. The blog will be about afternoon teas / high teas taken at various places around the world. Graphics or images of fine china, or silver tea service, or fine dining accoutrements, or scones & cream, or 3 tiered serving trays (or combinations) would work for this project. If you include these more "formal" elements, do not mix them with "casual" elements. Keep it all formal. Specifics are: the width of the header is 946 pixels and the height is flexible. The name of the blog - HighTea.com - should be included in the header. You are free to use any color scheme, except brown backgrounds which look like coffee, rather than tea. Looking for an elegant - stylish design.


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Highlights of the history of the local area, pioneer families, Cemetery stones, historical happenings from 1849 to present. If you have suggestions, or something you would like to see posted on the blog please contact me [Holly] at email address: email@example.com, feedback welcome.
Apr 18, 2010
Monster in the Bog
Muskegon Chronicle, Thursday September 15, 1904. P7 C3
Transcribed by Holly Spencer August 08, 2009
Moorland Farmer Disposes of His Prehistoric Relic- Grand Rapids Museum Gets a Bargain.
The Kent County Scientific institute of Grand Rapids has secured for its museum the bone of the mammoth that were discovered last week on the farm of C.L. McKay in Moorland township, as reported at length in the Chronicle Monday. A representative of this paper was in Moorland the day the bones were unearthed by Mr. McKay and his son, and was one of the first to view the interesting remains of this specimen of the extinct mammoths that ages ago inhabited the northern part of this continent.
The interesting report published in Monday's Chronicle was prepared from information gained by a careful examination of the skull, tusk and other bones soon after they were taken from their long resting place. This report was republished in full the next day by a Grand Rapids paper as a special dispatch for Muskegon to that paper and without a word of credit to the Chronicle.
The article attracted the attention of members of the Kent Scientific institute, who lost no time in sending a man with a wagon to Moorland township, to secure, if possible, the bones of the mammoth. The representative of the institute struck a bargain with Mr. McKay and for a consideration of $75 cash obtained possession of the bones of the mammoth, together with the right to continue the search on Mr.McKay's farm for other similar bones, and to the possession of any such bones if found.
The bones that had been unearthed were loaded onto the wagon and carted off to Grand Rapids, where they will be exhibited by the Kent County Scientific institute.
Farmer McKay considers himself lucky in getting $75 for his "find", and it is said that the farmers of that neighborhood are looking over their places with considerable care to see of they can not find other relics of extinct animals.
The Kent Scientific institute also considers itself lucky. The find is a valuable one and mammoths are not ordinarily quoted at $75 apiece.
Photo Courtesy of Marilyn Merdzinski
Director of Collections & Preservation Grand Rapids Public Museum
[This]"picture is of the 1904 Moorland Mastodon, on display in the old 54 Jefferson Avenue museum facility, circa 1950s. The Museum director at that time, Frank DuMond, was always looking for a good "photo op" to help entice visitors to come down to the museum. The story here is that when the Shrine Circus was in town, he befriended the elephant trainer and convinced him to walk the circus elephant from the Civic Auditorium to the Public Museum to 'meet" and "interview" the mastodon.
Basic catalog info on the mastodon include: The complete mastodon skeleton was found in a bog swamp near Muskegon Michigan and were acquired by the Museum in 1904. A 1940 GR Herald article indicate the skeleton measured 18 ft long, 10 feet high and 6 feet wide, with the tusks themselves being nearly 6 feet in length."
Continued on Thursday...
4 comments:
Cool article!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 18, 2010
Where exactly was the farm in Moorland? I have been looking for this article.ReplyDelete
Ok, did some checking, first of all I was tired last comment and actually Apple Ave = M-46.ReplyDelete
On the 1900 Moorland Township plat map, in the north center portion of Section 16 in the northwest corner of the township is:
Jas McKay with 80 acres. This would be today north of M-46 and between Hall and White Rd(east/west roads)and between Moorland Road and Ravenna Road, north/south roads. This is the only McKay on the plat map.
In the first article here, Mr. McKay is referred to as C.L. McKay. When you read the following posts you will see a reference to 'Grandpa" which I believe is Jas McKay. I found the McKay's on 1900 and 1910 censuses, not in Moorland by 1920.
Are you from the area? I have photocopied several articles, but have chosen three of them to post.
Who are you, your blog site comes up only in code...


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IKEA 2011 Catalog Sneak Peek: Desks, LEDs & Appliances
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Our New York based colleagues got an early sneak peek of the upcoming 2011 IKEA catalog, the annual affordable furnishings tome's pages filled with many new products that are sure to get the creative hamster wheels spinning about redecorating or updating your space. We've focused upon all the new products aimed at the home office and home entertainment realm: the MICKE and VICKE VEINE desks are all about small space, hideaway workspaces. Automatic LED lights for closet and new induction top cooktops offer energy saving features, while the BRADA laptop tray will work equally well for your morning breakfast as your morning email duties. Check out the cover and a video of the press-only preview showroom below!
Here's the new 2011 IKEA catalog cover.
IKEA setup a special press preview showroom to showcase many, if not all, of their newest products for the 2011 catalog.
Published: Jul 14, 2010


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Why Academy of Whole Learning
An accredited and nationally acclaimed School of Excellence, Academy of Whole Learning is the only private school in the state that is specifically designed for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or related learning differences. Offering a complete school program, we help our students succeed in a positive and unique educational environment that understands and supports their neurological, physical, social and emotional needs. Our expertly-trained staff provides a multi-sensory, hands-on learning experience that gives students the opportunity to truly enjoy learning. Each of our students receive an individually planned education, customized to each student's current developmental level and individual learning needs. Our curriculum is based on Common Core State Standards, but is taught at their instructional level. Using small class sizes (8-10 students) and a blended teaching model, we also teach essential life skills, and social awareness and interaction. Most importantly, students at Academy of Whole Learning enjoy meaningful membership in our school community. Our students experience a safe, supportive learning environment where they feel physically and emotionally secure. Together, our students are engaged and motivated to learn and grow. Our integrated program is a journey that enables our students – who may have struggled in traditional environments – to become confident, independent, self-advocates who are prepared for their next steps in life.


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26 August 2011 07:15
Mac Apps: Motion FXby alamat (via)
Autodesk® Motion FX lets you create stunning real-time video effects using your computer's camera. Simply select your favorite preset effect, and create an incredible visual experience by moving in front of your computer's camera. A preset cycling mode lets you automatically cycle through effects without lifting a finger. You can also use the Face Tracking technology of OS X Lion to emit effects from any faces visible to your camera.
1 (1 marks)


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The Department of Information Technology is the dental school's central information technology organization, providing infrastructure, applications and services that support academic and business activities. Working with the Office of Information Technology on the University's main campus in Stockton, our department provides technology and support to enable students to learn and faculty to teach in a humanistic, student-centered environment.
Room 107 IT Help Desk
Room 301 IT Office
Room 435 Telecommunications
Hours: 8:00 am - 5:00 pm, Monday through Friday
Faculty and staff members can use the following links to request services from the Information Technology Department, reserve audio/visual equipment for lecturing or conferencing, access the school portal, or to purchase computers at a discount. Users may be prompted for a login and password.
Students needing assistance may come visit during office hours or email firstname.lastname@example.com. We will try to respond to you within 24 hours. You will find more useful information in the Students' Computing Resources section of this Web site.


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Koru & Stars
Designed by
Glen Stanton
from Auckland
This is an opportunity to contribute to the conversation. Offer some feedback, make suggestions, or even post modified designs to help evolve ideas
Flag & Panels
Koru & side panels
Wish to submit a flag?
Visit flag.govt.nz
Not enrolled to vote?
Visit elections.org.nz
Brought to you by
Design & Democracy
and Springload
The flag submissions are being used under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 NZ Licence.
Submissions scraped from flag.govt.nz with this tool.


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Monday, January 21, 2013
APOTD: Saturn's Glowing Aurora
|Image: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona/University of Leicester[high-resolution]
Caption: Cassini Solstice team
This false-color composite image, constructed from data obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft, shows the glow of auroras streaking out about 1,000 km (600 miles) from the cloud tops of Saturn's south polar region. It is among the first images released from a study that identifies images showing auroral emissions out of the entire catalogue of images taken by Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer.
In this image constructed from data collected in the near-infrared wavelengths of light, the auroral emission is shown in green. The data represents emissions from hydrogen ions in of light between 3 and 4 microns in wavelength. In general, scientists designated blue to indicate sunlight reflected at a wavelength of 2 microns, green to indicate sunlight reflected at 3 microns and red to indicate thermal emission at 5 microns. Saturn's rings reflect sunlight at 2 microns, but not at 3 and 5 microns, so they appear deep blue. Saturn's high altitude haze reflects sunlight at both 2 and 3 microns, but not at 5 microns, and so it appears green to blue-green. The heat emission from the interior of Saturn is only seen at 5 microns wavelength in the spectrometer data, and thus appears red. The dark spots and banded features in the image are clouds and small storms that outline the deeper weather systems and circulation patterns of the planet. They are illuminated from underneath by Saturn's thermal emission, and thus appear in silhouette.
The composite image was made from 65 individual observations by Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer on 1 November 2008. The observations were each six minutes long.
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WORCESTER, Mass. – MIT senior Jenny Li blasted a three-run homer in the top of the fourth inning of game two and the visiting Engineers rallied to salvage a doubleheader split with Clark in New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference (NEWMAC) softball action at O'Brien Field on Friday afternoon.
The Cougars won the series opener 5-2 behind a solid start from Sarah Carter but never got the timely hit it needed in dropping the nightcap, 3-2.
Clark now stands at 15-13 overall and 7-7 in league play, while MIT snaps a six game losing streak to improve to 5-18 and 4-10 in conference action.
The Cougars got all of their runs in the first two innings in game one. After Maya Allen scored on an error, Shawna Amatucci drove in the second run on single up the middle.
A double by Allen with one on in the second started a three-run inning that featured another unearned run, an RBI single by Erin Murphy and a run scored on a wild pitch to make the game 5-0 after two innings.
MIT scored single runs in the fourth and sixth – the first coming on an RBI single by Keri Dixon and the second on a Jessica Oleinik single to center.
Carter tossed all seven innings for the Cougars, scattering five hits and allowing just one earned run, no walks and striking out four.
Jessica Iacobucci went the distance for MIT, yielding nine hits, five runs (one earned), while striking out seven.
Oleinik and Iacobucci each had a pair of hits for the Engineers, while Allen, Amatucci and Tatiana Chunis all had two hits for Clark.
The Cougars jumped out to a 2-0 lead as well in game two on the strength of a pair of wild pitches from Iacobucci, allowing both Allen and Mel Melkonian to score.
Nicole Meuse started out strong striking out five of the first ten batters she faced but ran into trouble in the fourth.
Iacobucci and Oleinik led off the inning with singles, but Meuse was able to strike out Dixon to record an out. Li then launched a pitch high over the left field fence for the go ahead runs.
Clark had several opportunities to tie the game but left nine runners on base including the tying run when the final out was made.
Meghan Lennon played well in game two, tossing 3.2 innings of two-hit relief and went 3-for-3 at the plate.
Iacobucci picked up her fourth win of the season with 4.1 innings of work, scattering five hits and allowing two earned runs. Oleinik preserved the Game Two win with two and two-thirds innings of one-hit ball.
MIT wraps up its season on Saturday with a pair of home contests against Coast Guard while Clark, who is locked into the No. 6 seed in the upcoming postseason tournament, visits Wellesley on Saturday as well.
Courtesy of Clark University Sports Information


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LifeSuccess Consultants take you from the brink of possibility to the path of infinite probability. They help you learn how to rely on and believe in your unlimited potential and power. Consultants already know that you've experienced flashes of intuitive knowledge and big thinking that has you wondering just how far you could go if only...
They help you stir up that innate knowing and self-trust already instilled deep in your soul. A LifeSuccess Consultant will help you forge forward when the "old you" would rather give up and turn back.
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For more information on Proctor Gallagher Institute programs and opportunities please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com or call 800-871-9715.


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When the doors open, workers inside Goodwill's processing center never know what's coming in.
On Sunday, a box came into the Goodwill location on NE Fourth Plain Boulevard in Vancouver.
" Goodwill Industries of the Columbia Willamette has more donors and receives more donations than any Goodwill in the world. So we get a mountain of all things," says spokesperson, Dale Emanuel. "We open up everything and we check all pockets, we do not want to put anything on the floor that is unsafe."
Inside that particular box was cremated remains.
"It is personal and it matters," Emanuel said, adding it came in with household items like clothing and pots and pans.
Urn donations happen from time to time at Goodwill, and the assumption is this was an accident.
The name on the two letter "M's" on the box is Michelle Miller. There are a lot of people that have been named Michelle Miller in the Vancouver area. So the hope is someone recognizes the unique briefcase looking urn.
"My Mom was cremated. You know, this is personal to a lot of people here and it's upsetting to a lot of people here. We certainly hope if the owner indeed wants to come forward...do (so)," Emanuel said.
For now, Vancouver Police have the urn stored in evidence, and they'd like to see it end up where it belongs.
If you have any information, call the Vancouver Police Department Evidence Unit at (360) 487-7404.


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Kevin Martin Gives Birthday Present To Big Telcos
from the happy-birthday-to-you-all dept
Today was apparently FCC chairman Kevin Martin's birthday -- and he celebrated it by having a bunch of big telco execs sing him "Happy Birthday" (you wonder, did they get the rights first?). Then, to return the favor, he gave them all a few birthday presents. First, he said that taxing VoIP systems was a good idea -- something his predecessor was vehemently against, but which the big telcos all endorse, because they're unable to compete as well against VoIP systems. So, rather than looking for ways to actually compete, they want VoIP providers to have to deal with additional taxes as well. Of course, as the article notes, these taxes will go towards the Universal Service Fund -- which has faced numerous mismanagement and fraud charges. Then, to make the telcos even happier, he claimed he sees no reason to push for network neutrality rules, because he doesn't see any evidence that there's a problem. This comes just shortly after both BellSouth and
SBC AT&T made it clear that they're looking to give preferential treatment to their own services, while potentially looking to charge any other service provider. It would seem that the small independent telcos and broadband providers should maybe swing by Martin's office to sing him some tunes as well.


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Diane Amado-Tate, class of 2004 alumna of Barry University's Graduate Health Management Programs in the College of Health Sciences was named Chief Nursing Officer at Doctors Hospital.
Amado-Tate, who has 22 years of experience in the nursing field, worked as an assistant vice president of nursing at South Miami Hospital before being promoted. In her position, she managed nursing staff and patient care in the Heart Center, Emergency Center, Critical Care Unit, and Respiratory and Pulmonary departments.
Amado-Tate obtained her bachelor's degree in Nursing from Hunter College in New York and earned a master's degree in nursing from the University of Phoenix.
"Diane was an exceptional student who performed well in all of her courses; we are 'Barry' proud to call her one of our own," said Dr. Evelio Velis, Program Director and Associate Professor of Barry's Graduate Health Management Programs.


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The Houston Texans have reportedly agreed to a contract extension with running back Arian Foster, a deal that will surely be discussed in the ongoing contract negotiations between the Ravens and running back Ray Rice. Both are 25, Pro Bowl players and key offensive contributors on teams that won their divisions in 2011.
According to ESPN, Foster's new five-year deal is worth $43.5 million with $20.75 million guaranteed. ESPN is reporting that Foster will make $18 million during the 2012 season and $30 million in first three years of deal.
Foster, who was a restricted free agent, had statistics in the past two seasons that are very similar to Rice's.
In 29 regular season games the past two seasons (he sat out three in 2011), Foster rushed for 2,840 yards while averaging 4.7 yards per carry. In 32 games during that span, Rice ran for 2,584 yards while averaging 4.3 yards a carry. Foster had 119 receptions for 1,221 yards while Rice had 139 receptions for 1,260 yards.
Foster scored 30 total touchdowns (26 rushing and four receiving), nine more than Rice, who had 21 (17 rushing and four receiving).
For what it's worth, Foster collected 33.5 percent of Houston's yards from scrimmage. Rice piled up 36.3 percent of Baltimore's.
Those similar numbers on the field could yield similar numbers in terms of contract value for Rice, who was designated as the Ravens' franchise player Friday and will make $7.7 million in 2012 if he plays under the tag. When it comes to negotiating contracts, comparables are key, and there isn't one more apt than Foster, who is also a dual-threat running back in the prime of his career. Foster's contract gives Rice's agent, Todd France, and the Ravens parameters to work around at the negotiating table this offseason.
Of course, if Rice really is after Adrian Peterson-type money (Peterson got $100 million over seven years with $36 million guaranteed) as Sports Illustrated's Peter King claimed, Foster's new deal is bad news for Rice. But publicly, France has stated that it will just take a fair deal to keep Rice a Raven long-term.
"We are going to continue to have open dialogue and an amicable negotiation process with the Ravens in an effort to lock Ray up to a long-term contract that compensates him relative to his highly successful achievements on the field as well as all of his intangibles that don't show up on the stat sheet," he said Friday.
The Ravens have also made it clear that they want to lock Rice up, which is why the franchise tag came into play. "Our goal is to keep Ray Rice a Raven," general manger Ozzie Newsome stated Friday. And you have to figure the Ravens will try to keep him here with a payday that is very similar to the one Foster got with the Texans. Sure, the contract length and terms may be a little different, but it will set the bar for Rice's contract, whether Rice likes it or not.


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Thursday, July 9, 2009
One - Yard Wonders: 101 Fabulous Fabric Projects
To celebrate the release of the book, Storey Publishing is having a giveaway of fabric. You can also see a preview of patterns on the One Yard Wonders Facebook page.
Can you tell I'm excited?
15 comments:
- MadMad said...
NO WAY!!!! OMG! Congrats, congrats, congrats! That is so awesome - and you are so deserving! Look at you go! YAY!
- July 9, 2009 at 12:55 PM
- Mr Puffy's Knitting Blog: said...
You SHOULD be excited!!! How amazing is this? I had no idea that besides being a very talented knitter you also can sew ~ what a lucky knitter indeed!
- July 9, 2009 at 4:19 PM
- Philigry said...
oh my god! that is awesome. on the cover? how excited are you!? i must have that book!
- July 10, 2009 at 2:48 PM
- Alison said...
Fun! Congrats! That looks like a fun book, and useful, goodness knows I'm not the only one with several 1 yd pieces of fabric waiting for a project to come along...
- July 10, 2009 at 6:38 PM
- amanda said...
Wow Mary!! I am so pleased for you. Knew that attention to detail would pay off for you. And I have a lucky knitter piece all of my own :)
- July 12, 2009 at 6:35 AM
- larissa said...
so exciting! congratulations! no wonder your patterns are on the cover - they are so cute and super useful! I am so incredibly happy for you.
- July 13, 2009 at 10:53 AM
Congrats! That is wonderful! We are going to be carrying that (hopefully) in our Nancy's Notions catalog. I thought the title was great and that our customers would just love it. :)
- July 13, 2009 at 1:10 PM
- t does wool said...
OMG!!! Congrats!!! so well deserved!!
- July 20, 2009 at 9:58 PM
- Christine said...
So cool, CONGRATS!!
- July 22, 2009 at 11:01 PM
- Kate said...
Congratulations!! that is so wonderful...I can't wait to see the book!
- July 23, 2009 at 12:02 PM
- Sharon said...
Congratulations! You must be thrilled to see both of your designs included on the cover!
- July 23, 2009 at 1:30 PM
- At Home Mommy Knits said...
Congratulations! How terribly exciting!!!
- July 26, 2009 at 2:28 PM
- Erin said...
Thank you for the post on my blog about the dog bed, who knew it was your pattern, how cool! I loved making the bed and I can't wait to make the lunch bag soon!
- January 12, 2010 at 4:37 PM
- College Research Papers said...
very interesting post i really like it dud
- April 17, 2010 at 8:10 AM
- Custom writing said...
Always so interesting to visit your site.What a great info, thank you for sharing. this will help me so much in my learning.
- June 11, 2010 at 3:52 AM


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Welcome to Urban Family Practice
Dr. Raul Vazquez M.D. and his entire staff and consulting specialists welcome you and your family to our facility. We are devoted to improving your total health and well-being in a friendly, bilingual, comfortable, private setting.
We see all patients on an appointment basis & ask that you call in advance so that we may reserve time for you. We try to see all patients on time, and request that you extend the same courtesy to us. If you can not keep an appointment, notify us immediately. Please try to give us 24 hours notice so that this time may be given to another patient.
You will be required to re-schedule your appointment if you are more than 20 minutes late. (There will be a $10.00 fee for any missed appointments.)
Available Evenings & Weekends
Our regular office hours are Monday thru Friday, 8am - 5pm. Routine calls and questions regarding appointments, billing, referrals, labs, and X-rays will also be taken during these hours.
However, there is always a provider on call to help you 24 hours per day. Just call our office at (716) 882-0366.
Please Note: For Life Threatening Emergencies, contact 911 immediately.
Depending on your individual Medical Insurance, you may be required to contact our office prior to any Non-Life Threatening Emergency Room visit.
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Tim's path to homelessness has been long and arduous.
He worked in Kentucky tobacco fields when he was 8 years old. His father was a physically abusive alcoholic who moved Tim's family 11 times in one year. Tim left home at 14.
Tim now is 52 and one of the hundreds of homeless people living in McHenry County. Last week, McHenry County Public Action to Deliver Shelter and Pioneer Center for Human Services organized a "point-in-time" survey to identify how many homeless individuals live in the county. The numbers from the 12th annual survey still are being tallied.
Tim has spent the past 90 days with PADS, a decision that saved his life, he said.
"I have clean clothes. I'm fed. I'm motivated," said Tim, whose last name has been withheld at the request of PADS. "When I just about gave up, they were there. They're the ones that made me feel human again."
The 2012 survey found 203 homeless individuals. PADS coordinator Matthew Kostecki said he expects the number to go up this year and believes the weak economy and cold weather both play roles in an increase.
"Each year is different," he said. "You see a different face each year. [The] last two years we've seen a lot of 18- to 24-year-olds. This year, we've seen more families come in."
Home of the Sparrow is a transitional housing program specifically for women and children in McHenry County, and this year it expects to see a 50 percent increase in the number of homeless people it serves.
"Clearly McHenry County has a homeless person problem," said John Jones, executive director at Home of the Sparrow. Jones said it's important for organizations such as his to provide support programs that turn homeless people into self-sufficient members of society.
"If you don't get to the root causes of homelessness, they're going to be homeless again," he said.
Part of the reason Home of the Sparrow will see an increase in homeless individuals is because it has added 13 housing units, but Debbie DeGraw, vice president of marketing and development, said that over 10 years she has seen a steady increase of homeless people in McHenry County.
McHenry County PADS, like Home of the Sparrow, prides itself in being an organization that provides more than just shelter. It serves hundreds of people a year with emergency and transitional housing, psychiatric care, addiction recovery care and counseling services.
"McHenry County PADS is not a shelter," Kostecki said. "It has everything to offer someone to get out of homelessness. People hear about PADS and think it's just a homeless shelter. We go to extremes to help a person get out of homelessness."
There is room for 34 people to sleep at the PADS shelter at 14411 Kishwaukee Valley Road in Woodstock.
"Sleeping rooms are a case-by-case situation," McHenry County PADS caseworker Melissa O'Donnell said. "We try to do work with families."
McHenry County PADS focuses on families because other locations aren't as family-friendly. PADS partners with several churches in McHenry County to provide additional housing for homeless individuals, some of which – for safety concerns – don't allow women and children.
"If a family shows up, we try to help them and move them to a safer environment," said Kathy Thompson, co-administrator at Cary United Methodist Church.
The church, which opens its doors Saturday nights for homeless individuals, can at times get rowdy because of people who are alcoholics or have a mental illness, Thompson said. The church will not allow drinking in the building and will not let people stay who smell as though they have been drinking.
Cary United Methodist averages 50 homeless people a night, a number that has increased over the past two years, Thompson said.
When numbers are released for the 2013 point-in-time survey, they likely won't reflect the actual number of homeless people in McHenry County.
The numbers won't account for young adults who are "couch surfing, the young mothers staying in a friend's basement or others who are missed because they choose not to use the services of PADS or other shelters," DeGraw said.
For Tim, PADS has given him a second chance at life. He said he is close to landing a job, and he has been enrolled in classes at McHenry County College to get his GED. From there, Tim said he hopes to get a job as an underwater welder on an offshore oil platform.
"If I mess up [at MCC], I'm going back again, and back again," he said. "As long as they let me back in, I'm going back until I get that GED."


text:
Request your free Vistaprint sample kit
Get yours with free economy delivery.
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Our sample kit includes a range of our top products - complete with a selection of paper stocks, sizes and special finishes - all designed to leave a lasting impression with your customers.
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The sample kit contains multiple product samples, including
- Deluxe Business Cards
- Brilliant Finish Business Cards
- Flyers
- Bi-fold Leaflet
- Letterhead template


text:
Comcast: Throwing Money At Congress To Approve Our Merger Is Ok Because Congress Represents The People!
from the public-relations-gobbledygook dept
"...money from Comcast's political action committee has flowed to all but three members of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Checks have landed in the campaign coffers of Sens. Amy Klobuchar (D-Minn.) and Mike Lee (R-Utah), who oversee the chamber's antitrust panel. Meanwhile, the cable giant has donated in some way to 32 of the 39 members of the House Judiciary Committee, which is planning a hearing of its own."Another recent report noted that House members of the Subcommittee on Communications and Technology received $853,525 from Comcast between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2012. Members of the 109th, 110th, 111th and 112th Congresses also received $6,678,446 from Comcast between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2012. Amusingly, Comcast tries strangely to downplay throwing cash at lawmakers by somehow insisting that because those same lawmakers are supposed to also represent Comcast employees (who'll likely see layoffs) and Comcast customers (who'll certainly see higher prices and anti-competitive behavior), that somehow this is all ok:
Comcast stresses its donations are a function of its business. "Comcast NBCUniversal operates in 39 states and has 130,000 employees across the country," said spokeswoman Sena Fitzmaurice. "It is important for our customers, our employees and our shareholders that we participate in the political process. The majority of our PAC contributions are to the senators and members who represent our employees and customers."So if I follow Sena's logic to its dizzying conclusion: dumping money into the laps of lawmakers so they'll approve a merger that benefits only Comcast is justified because if those lawmakers weren't busy having Comcast cash dumped in their laps -- they might actually represent the people that voted for them? I've seen a lot of spin, and that one is pretty fantastic. We're not lobbying solely for the company's financial gain, you little people benefit too because lawmakers are technically supposed to be representing you. That is, if we weren't paying them to do otherwise. Isn't engaging in the political process fun!? Don't you feel engaged? Why aren't you laughing?


text:
San Diego — Boot camp workouts have been growing in popularity because they provide a total-body workout that's varied, fun and challenging, according to the American Council on Exercise (ACE).
The organization recently released a survey showing that for the second year in a row, boot camp-style workouts will be the top fitness trend in 2009. ACE annually surveys its worldwide network of personal trainers, group fitness experts, advanced health and fitness specialists, and lifestyle and weight management consultants.
"The overarching theme for fitness in 2009 is getting more bang for the buck," says ACE's Chief Science Officer Cedric Bryant. "Consumers will engage in workouts that provide multiple benefits due to time and economic limitations."
Boot camp participants can burn up to 600 calories during a session. In addition to a cardiovascular workout, participants get a strength workout through high- and low-intensity exercises, such as push-ups, squats and lunges.
"Boot camps are definitely one of the biggest draws that we have," says Val Strang, president of ROCK Workout Inc. in St. Louis, MO, and founder of Burn Boot Camps LLC. "We've been doing this now for 14-15 years, and we've got more clients doing them now than ever before because in an hour, people can get cardio and resistance training, stretching, and military and Pilates moves. We're always changing the classes, and that's the reason they're so popular, because people never know what's coming up. Sometimes our people do kick boxing or get on spinning bikes. And now they're coming in to take other classes, too, because they didn't even know they liked spinning."
Greenwood Athletic and Tennis Club, Greenwood Village, CO, also offers boot camps, which draw additional members and revenue.
"Boot camps offer both significant revenue, since they're a pay-extra program here at Greenwood, and new members," says Barbara Lubbers, assistant general manager. "We open the program to nonmembers for a slightly higher fee, and many of those nonmembers do end up joining the club."
Strang says it's important to hire qualified instructors for boot camps.
"There needs to be more training for boot camp instructors than, say, a step instructor," she says. "Not that I'm discrediting step instructors, but boot camp instructors have to be so good at multitasking. We limit our boot camps to 25 people and have three trainers on hand because too often, people can get hurt."
She also says clubs must have access to outdoor space for boot camp classes.
"In my opinion, it's hard to teach a true boot camp indoors," she says. "We're in midtown St. Louis, but when it's decent out, we head outside. There's a field by us, and fresh air is good for them. Though during the winter, we lighten our load on the number of boot camp classes we offer."
Greenwood offers boot camps outdoors, rain or shine, all year long, including a Snow Camp in January, Lubbers says. The club backs up to a park, which is where most of the boot camp-style workouts are held.
For more results from the ACE study, see related story, or read the Dec. 10 news article, "Boot Camps to Continue as Popular Trend in 2009".


text:
Lobert Visit Spotlights Human Traffickingby Richard Paige • April 9, 2014 Share:
Wabash College will host a discussion by Annie Lobert, a survivor of sex trafficking, at 7:30 p.m. Friday in Pioneer Chapel.
Lobert survived more than 10 years of sex trafficking, working as an exotic dancer and escort. Her presentation addresses the long-term traumatic psychological, emotional, and physical effects of the sex industry.
Since escaping the industry, Lobert founded a non-profit ministry that is dedicated to helping women escape similar situations and has made presentations on the topic across the globe.
Slavery affects an estimated 27 million people worldwide. Violence against the poor and isolated has vaulted human trafficking to the third-most profitable criminal industry, costing as much as $32 billion per a year, according to dosomething.org.
Lobert's visit is part of a campus effort to engage in a discussion of slavery and its effects in today's world. The effort included "Stand for Freedom," a nationwide campaign for college students to generate awareness and raise money for worldwide organizations on the front lines of this issue. Students took turns standing on the mall, in the same place, for 27 consecutive hours Wednesday and Thursday in support of people enslaved worldwide.
The run of events were co-sponsored by Wabash Christian Men, 'shOUT, MXI, Sphinx Club, Wabash College Democrats, and Wabash College Republicans.


text:
First Aid and CPR Classes
JCA Elite Scuba instructs recreational and technical divers throughout the Pacific Northwest. Choosing the best certification is easy. Look for a program that lets you set the schedule, take as long as you want, and an instructor that gives personal and individualized attention. Even if your time is limited, safe, complete, and flexible instruction will always be the first priority. That's what I do! Join me and learn to dive, refresher your skills, or take your training to the next level.
First Aid and CPR Classes
#scuba #sailfinsculpin #sculpin #pugetsound #nightdive #sunrisemotel


text:
The number of homes mired in the foreclosure process fell again last month, according to a new report, the 15th consecutive month of year-over-year declines.
Irvine-based CoreLogic said Thursday that roughly 1.2 million homes nationwide, or 2.9% of all homes with a mortgage, were in some stage of foreclosure in January. That's a 3.3% drop from December and a 21% decline from January 2012.
Although the foreclosure inventory shrank, the number of completed foreclosures rose 10.5% from revised December figures. Still, the 61,000 foreclosures completed in January were down 17.8% from a year earlier.
"The backlog of distressed assets continues to fade as the foreclosure inventory has fallen to a level not seen since mid-2009, with less than 3% of all mortgages in foreclosure," Mark Fleming, chief economist for CoreLogic, said in a statement.
The improvement was widespread, Fleming said. Only six states and 13 of the largest 100 metro areas had foreclosure rate increases compared to a year ago.


text:
|Attention: DocWiki has reached EOL and will be decommissioned January 25, 2019.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
From DocWiki
This article lists the FAQs about the Mediator and the Mediator Manager in the following sections:
Cisco Building Mediator Release 3.1.1
Q) What are the new features introduced in Mediator Release 3.1.1?
A) The new features that were introduced are as follows:
- Navigation Feature with Search
- Mediator "Real-time Presence"
- Properties Page
- Global Set Points
- Global Schedules
- Global Alarms with Filtering and Sorting
- BACnet COV
- BACnet Multiport Support
- EnergyWise Support
Q) Is there a compatability matrix for the MOE and Framework upgrades?
A) Yes, there is. You can view the compatability matrix at the following link:
"Release Notes for Cisco Building Mediator 3.x
and the upgrade procedures are available at the following link:
"Upgrade Your Cisco Network Building Mediator Image"
Q) Is KNX protocol supported in this release?
A) No, it will be supported in future releases.
Q) Which phase of EnergyWise does the Mediator 3.1.1 support?
A) We support both phases EW1 ( SNMP support ) and EW2 (SNMP + API support).
Cisco Building Mediator Manager Release 1.1.1
Q) What is "Real-time Presence"?
A) Real-time Presence is a feature that enables you to view the online connectivity of the downstream Mediators from the Mediator Manager. For more details, refer to
"Cisco Building Mediator Manager User Guide, Release 1.x"
Q) What is the Navigation feature all about?
A) The navigation tree is used by the System Integrator (SI) to navigate across all the systems that are connected to the Mediators in a specific network. It provides a hierarchical tree structure, Search field, a Display tab, a Properties tab, and a Global Setpoints tab. It is possible to view system graphics and the real-time value of all the points in a specific Mediator. The value of editable points may be set directly from the Enterprise Navigation portal.
The hierarchical tree enables you to search through a particular Mediator installed on a specific network or entities of the Mediator by traversing the navigation tree and expanding the entities. The Search field enables you to find and display the desired entities from the navigation tree, instead of traversing the entire tree and expanding the entities. The Display tab is used to present a graphical view that summarizes key system data. The Properties tab lists all points and its attributes associated with a particular device. The Global Setpoints tab enables you to set point control for changing system set points across mediators installed on a global enterprise network.
Q) What are the APIs supported from the Mediator Manager?
A) The same APIs that are available in the Mediator are applicable for the Mediator Manager.
Q) What is the licensing schema for the Mediator Manager?
A) In lieu of licensing at the Mediator Manager level, you should purchase the Global Management capability at the Mediator level, that is, Cisco Network Building 4800-Global Management (NBM4800-MGMT).
Q) Can the downstream Mediators be scheduled centrally from the Mediator Manager?
A) Yes. The schedules get populated on the Mediator Manager automatically, as and when the downstream Mediators are added on the Mediator Manager. These schedules can be modified from the Mediator Manager.
Q) What are the protocols used for communication between the Mediator and the Mediator Manager?
A) The following protocols are used: - SRNA (TCP) port number:5150 - HTTP/S port number:80/443
Q) How can we edit the password requirements on the Security Manager?
A) Password requirements can be set using configTOOL. Navigate to the following path to modify:
/services/network/http(s)_server path.
Q) Will the Systems page of the Mediator 3.1.1 and Mediator Manager 1.1.1 reflect the Global Management feature after the licence is uploaded?
No. Currently the Global Management feature does not get displayed on the web client. This will be available in future releases.
Related Links:
"Mediator and Mediator Manager Main Page"
"Troubleshooting Tips"


text:
Itzer is a city in Middle Atlas.
Get in[edit]
Take a grand taxi from Azrou (30dH), Zeida (8dH), Midelt(15dH), Boumia(10dH)
Get around[edit]
The town is small enough to walk from one end to the other in about 20 minutes. There is beautiful hiking in the area, very accessible from the town.
See[edit][add listing]
Visit the traditional weavers in the town's artisan association, Atlas Fil et Couleur. Ask for the Association or for "Moumi", the president of the Association.
Do[edit][add listing]
Spend a day or two or three trekking in the mountains, forests and valleys surrounding Itzer.
Climb the plateau that overlooks the town, the nearby volcano, and the beginning of the High Atlas mountain range.
Visit a public bath ("hamman")(7dH)
Come on a Saturday morning for the regional souq, with everything from livestock to carpets and every kind of very fresh produce from the region.
Buy[edit][add listing]
Traditional, naturally-dyed Berber carpets, handbags and other artisan crafts. (www.afcmaroc.org)
Traditional Couscous made from medicinal herbs grown in the area (20dH per kilo)
Eat[edit][add listing]
Traditional fried potato cakes ("makoda") in a sandwich with fresh soft bread and spicy sauce.
Snack "Moumi" next to the souq on Fridays and Saturdays for homemade sausage sandwiches and makoda. (2.5dH)
Drink[edit][add listing]
There are several small and very nice cafes that serve freshly-brewed Moroccan tea, banana/apple smoothies and fresh-squeezed orange juice.
Sleep[edit][add listing]
Contact Moumi to set up a traditional Berber homestay with one of the artisans from the Association. Email [email protected] or call Moumi at +212 666 76 55 68
Moumi, the president of the Association Atlas Fil et Couleur is your go-to man for just about anything you might need or want in the area. Email: [email protected], Mobile: +212 666 76 55 68 (French, English or Arabic)
Get out[edit]


text:
Winter is officially half over, but for snow plow drivers there has been no end in sight.
At the Ogle County Highway Department, which maintains 270 miles of county roads, the employees have only had one day off since Dec. 8.
"Our guys have been out daily dealing with the snow and ice," said Ogle County Engineer Curtis Cook.
"While we may not be getting much snow with each storm, the wind has been blowing and drifting. Our guys have been doing a fantastic job in these conditions."
This constant winter weather has led to a higher demand for salt and chips to help keep area roads clear.
The roads in Ogle County are either maintained by the county, the townships, the state, or individual municipalities.
Townships in Ogle County maintain 918 miles of roads. The Illinois Department of Transportation maintains Ill. 2, 26, 64, 72, 251, I-39, and US52.
Some of the main county roads include German Church Road, River Road, White Pines Road, Lowell Park Road, Baileyville Road, and Mt. Morris Road.
Montague Road is co-maintained between Winnebago, Stephenson, and Ogle Counties.
So far salt supplies have been holding out for the county.
"We are okay with our chip supply but our salt supplier is having a hard time getting all the salt to us," said Cook. "We are expecting a delivery of salt this week from an order placed Dec. 20."
The highway department has salt orders throughout the winter because the salt needs to be stored inside a building.
"We place numerous orders and we have 1,500 tons ordered that have not been delivered," said Cook.
Fortunately for the county, their storage capacity was increased after a winter 2009 shortage.
"The county board allowed us to build a second storage building for salt," said Cook. "Without is we would have been out of salt two weeks ago. Fortunately we have had enough salt so far."
With two ice storms this season, Curtis said another ice storm would drastically impact the remaining salt supplies in the county.
Already some municipalities including Oregon have reduced the amount of salt being spread on their streets.
Oregon street superintendent Michael Bowers informed residents last week that street salting was being limited to intersections, curves, and hills. At that time Oregon had used 75 percent of its salt supply for the winter.
Polo has ordered their 150 tons budgeted and has a 25 ton load that officials expect to have delivered this week.
City Clerk Susie Corbit said last year 165 tons of salt was used.
She said their is no shortage of salt but any extra salt would be at a higher price than the original contract.
In Forreston, Alan Cruthis the superintendent of public works said their salt supply is doing alright.
"We are doing okay but we have used more than typical," he said. "We have gone though 100 tons."
He said the village usually only needs 50 tons of salt at this point in the season.
"It has been quite a winter," Cruthis said. "It took 8 hours to clear the drifting from the half inch we received Monday.
As of Monday morning Cook said the county has ordered about 60 percent of its annual salt supply.
"Despite it seeming like a lot of snow this season, overall it has been a normal winter," said Cook. "The last two years we were fortunate to not have much snow."
One thing Cook would like to remind motorists is to keep their distance from plows.
He said plows may have been down a road but with high winds, the drifting and blowing snow may cause patches of the road to become snow-covered.
The continuous winter has affected the highway department budget. At the end of the season, Cook said he will reexamine his budget to determine if any scheduled projects would need to be deferred due to winter expenses.
"Right now we are burning $20,000 per week in fuel to keep the roads clear," said Cook. "Those costs add up quick."


text: The sodium and potassium content of 282 samples representing 218 different foods items and six samples of water are presented in two tables. Our results on 38 food items are compared with two studies by American workers in a third table. In agreement with findings in the United States our results show that our foods of plant origin generally have low sodium content. Most of them have less than 10 mg of this mineral per 100 gm edible portion. This is especially true with fruits, shoots, vegetable flowers, vegetable fruits and legums and unprocessed cereals. Wider variations (from 1 to more than 1000 mg per 100 gm edible portion in a few items) were observed among the leafy vegetables, vegetable roots, bulbs and tubers, the pulses, nuts and seeds and the starches, sugars and syrups. On the other hand, the potassium content generally was more than a hundred mg, sometimes above one thousand mg per 100 gm edible portion. Comparison with two studies of American authors using the same experimental methods also brings out the fact that despite the relatively big differences in individual values for several items, the foods studied which are of plant origin have low sodium and high potassium content. Our public water supply to the city of Manila and its suburbs has low sodium and potassium content. In contrast to this, one sample obtained from a deep well 300 feet from the shore line of Manila Bay gave high sodium and potassium values.


text:
|System: Xbox 360, PC, PS3
|Dev: Firaxis Games
|Pub: 2K Games
|Release: October 9, 2012
|Players: 1
|Screen Resolution: 480p-1080p
|Blood and Gore, Strong Language, Violence
Once you've selected your team, you're dropped into the actual gameplay and find out quickly that it has a deceptive sense of depth. As you use the gamepad to move the reticle around the map, the interface shows you which routes your character is allowed to take. Some units have a shorter range, and some routes offer more cover than others. The amazing part is that the enemy forces respond in an incredibly dynamic way. If you're spotted or fire on an alien, they'll use their next turn to return fire or move to a better protected position. As each round unfolds, the game stops feeling like a turn-based strategy title and starts to encroach on third-person shooter territory. The gameplay is intuitive, immersive, and entirely unexpected.
But this isn't the only thing that's unexpected. In between rounds, players are transported back to Mission Control, where they can use the cash they've earned to purchase upgrades, reinforcements, and new abilities. You can probably think about it like the base camp of any real-time strategy game. So, for example, if you want to manufacture more effective weaponry, you need to upgrade your weapons facility. This user interface has allowed the developers to do away with a tedious menu system and replace it with something more clever. It has aptly been dubbed "the Antfarm."
Essentially, it looks like one of those G.I. Joe playsets from the mid 90's. It's a tall, semi-two-dimensional structure that could probably exist on the inside of hollowed-out mountain. The kind of place you'd expect the President to be shipped off to in the event of an alien invasion. It's an incredibly unique set piece that compliments the toy soldier motif that Firaxis has going on.
All of this adds up to something pretty special within the gaming industry, but not in a way that seems unfamiliar. Yes, XCOM:EU is technically a turn-based strategy game, but it certainly doesn't play like one. If someone were to break into the Firaxis' laboratories and steal the recipe for Enemy Unknown, I'm pretty sure it would look something like this:
1 cup X-COM: Enemy Unknown (1994)
1 cup StarCraft
1 cup Risk
1/2 cup The Sims
2 tablespoons Civilization
1 tablespoon Gears of War
1 tablespoon MMORPG
1 teaspoon Tower Defense
Then everything is thrown into a blender, cooked in a microwave-safe container, and served with BBQ Sauce. Pretty delicious, if you ask me.
Josh Engen
Contributing Writer
Date: August 8, 2012
Game Features:


text:
New address, visual identity launchedMarch 31, 2014
In a move that hearkens to its historic founding, Emporia State University is entering its 151st year with a new address. Beginning Tuesday, April 1, the mailing address for the university will be 1 Kellogg Circle, Emporia, Kan., 66801-5415.
"April 1 may be known as April Fool's, but no fooling, our address is changing," said Dr. Michael D. Shonrock, president of Emporia State University.
The street that enters campus from the south and winds in front of Plumb Hall, the administration building, has long been named Kellogg Circle to honor Lyman B. Kellogg, first president of Emporia State University, which was founded as Kansas State Normal School in 1863.
"Our new address recognizes our first president and our 150th-year celebration," Shonrock explained.
With the change, mail will now be addressed as:
Professor John Doe
Department of Music, Campus Box 4029
Emporia State University
1 Kellogg Circle
Emporia KS 66801-5415
Mail sent to the old address of 1200 Commercial St., will continue to be delivered to campus until Oct. 1, 2015. Although a full changeover of the address will take 18 months, 1 Kellogg Circle will begin appearing on university stationery and business cards immediately as part of the university's new visual identity.
"As we ended our 150th-anniversary celebration, we needed a new identity to replace our 150 logo," explained Umair Abbasi, executive director of Marketing and Media Relations, which oversaw the launch of the new identity.
Emporia State University's new visual identity is a word mark using Life font.
"The Life font is a solid style that evokes the strong traditions we have at Emporia State University while also being modern enough to represent us well into the future," said Abbasi.
For most areas of campus, the word mark is combined with the I'm A Hornet brand that was launched in 2013 in student recruitment materials.
As part of the new visual identity, the Power E transitions to a spirit mark that is affiliated with the athletic department, campus recreational sports teams and student groups. Mascot Corky the Hornet, which is copyrighted by its creator, ESU alum Paul Edwards, remains unchanged.
Check out our students' achievements and accomplishments on Emporia State's meritpages.com site