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Dai Hiroshima Ondo 大広島音頭 Part I
Dai Hiroshima Ondo 大広島音頭 Part II
Dai Hiroshima Ondo 大広島音頭 Part III
On our third day in Hiroshima, we revisited the Peace Park. This time we also took in the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, which has so much information and so many displays that we broke it up into two visits.
In an age when thousands of nuclear weapons, all magnitudes more powerful than the ones used on Japan, stand in silos, airbase bunkers, and submarines, ready to be launched within minutes, and some people actually glibly call for their use, it is good to learn about what the effects of these weapons are. The museum is an excellent source of in depth knowledge on that topic, made personal by the stories of victims and artifacts of daily life - watches stopped at 8:15 AM, the time of attack - melted bottles, even melted roof tiles - an intact lunch box still containing rice, which a mother found under the burned body of her fourteen year old son.
And recollections of victims, like these:
"A dragonfly flitted in front of me and stopped on a fence. I stood up, took my cap in my hands, and was about to catch the dragonfly when . . . ."
From Yoshito Matsushige, the sole surviving photographer who could only bring himself to take five photographs, "I fought with myself for thirty minutes before I could take the first picture. After taking the first, I grew strangely calm and wanted to get closer. I took about ten steps forward and tried to snap another, but the scenes I saw were so gruesome my viewfinder clouded with tears."
And a this, "I went with my uncle to the charred rubble of his house, where my aunt had been. Near the back door, we halted. "Ah! Ahh…" We couldn't speak. There before our eyes were the skeletal remains of my aunt, still standing. With large teardrops flowing down his cheeks, my uncle said, "Oh, how hot you must have been! I'm so sorry. Please forgive me." My uncle gently tried to clasp her skull with both hands, but it suddenly fell apart into pieces on the ground."
The area that is now the Peace Park was a residential neighborhood of wooden houses. On August 6, 1945, people, many of them children, were busy demolishing some of the homes to make fire breaks in anticipation of a conventional bomb attack.
On our last day, we visited the Atomic Dome once more then headed north from the park toward Hiroshima Castle. The castle, originally built in the late 16th century, was destroyed by the Atomic bomb, of course, and was rebuilt in 1958. It houses a museum of the city's pre-war history. We were not interested in the castle itself, however, but something on the castle grounds that I had read about and was curious to see. To get out of the August sun, we walked part of the way through an underground shopping mall.
If you enlarge the picture above (click on it) you can see a berm or mound above the wall in the center of the picture. During WWII this was a communications bunker.
Once open to the public, the bunker is now sealed and marked with a plaque.
This housed the communication room of the Chugoku Regional Military Headquarters. Chugoku is the name for the entire region of west Honshu from Kyoto to the west end of the island.
Soldiers in the bunker were assisted by Hijiyama Girls' High School students mobilized for the war effort. The atomic bomb destroyed telephone and telegraph lines, but the students, using the barely intact military phone system, managed to relay news of the destruction of Hiroshima. Theirs seems to have been the first report of the atomic bombing.
The bunker was 700 meters from the hypocenter. We slipped though a narrow passageway between two sections of the bunker, only to find a dead end alley with an incinerator at the end. On the West side I found two sealed windows. However, there was slit that was just large enough to allow me to take a photo of the interior.
After lunch I took a few last pictures of Hiroshima and some monuments.
Over the last century, the proportion of civilian deaths in war has increased dramatically. In WWI it was 14%; in WWII, 67%; in the Vietnam War, the US dropped the equivalent of one 500 lb. bomb for every person in the country and killed three million Southeast Asians. In the 1980's civilian deaths accounted for 75% of war casualties, and now, the proportion is over 90%. With nuclear weapons, the victims are almost all civilians. This post is not to lay blame on this country or that, but rather to draw attention to the universal suffering caused by war and the fact that innocents are increasingly its victims.
During World War II, the United States totally destroyed five cities - Hamburg, Dresden, Tokyo, Hiroshima, and Nagasaki.
'President Truman was aboard the cruiser Augusta, returning from the Potsdam conference, when he was informed of the United States' incineration of Hiroshima by the atomic bomb. Truman was exultant. He declared, "This is the greatest thing in history!" He went from person to person on the ship, officers and crew alike, telling them the great news like a town crier.'
~JFK and the Unspeakable, Why He Died and Why it Matters James W. Douglass 2008
The full realities of the effects of nuclear weapons were hidden from the public for decades, and a mythology justifying their use on Japan was spun, as cold warriors planned for World War IV. Only in the last decade or so have documents become unclassified which reveal the truth. To those still clinging to the mythology of necessity, I urge you to do some reading. Soon after WWII Truman threatened the USSR with annihilation over, of all places, Iran. The British were in southern Iran at the time getting oil leases. The USSR had its army in northern Iran, seeking the same thing. Truman summoned Ambassador Andrei Gromyko to the White House and told him that the USSR had 48 hours to remove their troops, or the US would drop the only atomic weapon it had left on Russia. This from the same man who supposedly bombed Japan only as a last resort to "save lives".
Unless nuclear weapons are eliminated, it will only be a matter of time before they are used again, somewhere. Ironically, perhaps, it was military men - those in charge in the various theaters of the war in fact - who opposed the first use of them. Today, it is retired (of course) military men who lead the efforts to eliminate them - men like Lt. General Robert G. Gard, Jr. (USA, ret.), who is Chairman of the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation and Jack Shanahan, Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy (Ret.), but it will take public pressure on politicians to reverse the hold of the military-industrial complex which profits from these weapons systems.
Leaving Hiroshima, I was left not with feelings of grief so much as hope. It is a city that has emerged from utter destruction to become a vibrant place full of life and yet at the same time one that has not forgotten its tragic place in history and which works tirelessly to remind the rest of the world of that event until the day that nuclear weapons are no longer a threat to life on Earth.
We took a taxi from our ryokan to the train station. As we entered the parking lot and approached the line of taxis waiting to drop off their passengers, our driver shut down the meter to spare us from paying for waiting in line. Would that acts of compassion were practiced on a broader, larger scale. Peace.
"We cannot and must not allow ourselves to have the message of Hiroshima and Nagasaki fade completely from our minds, and we cannot allow our vision or ideals to fade, either. For if we do, we have but one course left for us. And that flash of light will not only rob us of our vision, but it will rob us of our lives, our progeny, and our very existence."
Until next, peaceful sweet sailing.


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Perhaps you had the same reaction I did if you read the ESPN the Magazine article, "We Smoked it All," which details the off the field marijuana-smoking habits of the Rose Bowl champion Oregon Ducks. My first thought was the famous scene from Casablanca: "I'm shocked. Shocked to find that gambling is going on in here."
Before you think this will be an apology for bad behavior, I'll start by saying that yes, marijuana use is illegal; some studies have shown it to be a gateway drug; and in general, avoiding marijuana use is a good thing. But let's go ahead and say it's not that shocking that college athletes, even those facing the multi-million dollar pressures of bowl games and potential draft positions, kick back by using marijuana.
What is surprising is the frequency, proliferation and seeming constancy of the confessed drug use. ESPN The Magazine's Sam Alipour begins with a detailed scene of an Oregon football player, fresh off this year's Rose Bowl victory, kicking back by rolling a joint. The unnamed player (there are many unnamed sources in the article, which isn't surprising given the content) estimates that about half of the team smokes marijuana on a regular basis. The magazine also cited interviews with 19 current and former Ducks going back a decade and a half who put that number at between 40 and 60%.
(PHOTOS: Cannabis Culture)
What we might be genuinely shocked to learn is that some athletes get high before they practice or play. The article cited a study in Sports Medicine that quoted athletes saying marijuana helps them focus better (I'm very dubious of this claim), increases creativity (I'll buy that) and decreases anxiety, fear, depression and tension (take your pick). The article does an excellent job of addressing evolving norms regarding marijuana and the difficulty in testing athletes (school have to abide by state laws, which in Oregon required probable cause).
Fantastically-detailed stories aside, what is fascinating about the article is analysis of what could drive change–the NFL. The magazine ran the article in its NFL Draft preview, and spends a decent amount of space examining the NFL's role in this situation. For many athletes, the only downside to being caught using marijuana is a drop in their draft status, but there is an interesting catch-22 in which NFL scouts and executives assume that because so many athletes have used marijuana, they don't believe those who claim they haven't.
So what does all this mean? In the end, not much. We basically learn that lots of athletes, including world class players we watch on Sundays, either smoke marijuana or did so in college. What stands out was a quote from former Oregon guard Fenuki Tupou, now playing for the New Orleans Saints: "Let's be honest," Tupou is quoted as saying. "When you're bored, it's not like you're going to read a book."
Anyone who paid attention to college basketball this year, where Kentucky won with a horde of talented freshmen who are guaranteed to bolt for the NBA, knows that in many sports, college programs are just a weigh station on the road to a pro team. But I would hope that college students, even the great athletes, would crack a book every once in a while, if only to alleviate their boredom. This is when you're supposed to look at me and say, "Yeah right, and I assume some of them smoke weed, too."

subset: commoncrawl


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Wednesday, November 16th 2005, 3:21pm
Friday, November 18th 2005, 3:16am
Active Member
Friday, November 18th 2005, 8:39am
Friday, November 18th 2005, 10:29am
Friday, November 18th 2005, 1:10pm
Saturday, November 19th 2005, 2:45am
Monday, November 21st 2005, 12:30pm
Monday, November 21st 2005, 3:34pm
Tuesday, November 22nd 2005, 2:34am
Tuesday, November 22nd 2005, 11:14am


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The BCGS Members' Tip for June is: use timelines!
Have you found yourself with a thorny genealogical research problem?
Often working up a detailed timeline on your relative's life will help you not only to see contradictions, but also to identify gaps in your research, a census you haven't looked at, for instance. These gaps may lead you to think of new records you might search.
You can use simply a sheet of paper to write out a chronoloogical list of all known events in the individual's life, including the dates and places. Add the names and any relevant brief details about other people who were involved in each event with your relative, for example, the age of the mother at the birth of any children, or the occupation of a father.
You can also use an Excel spreadsheet or a printed family timeline like this BCGS Chronological Chart. (.pdf format)
Always leave enough room in the timeline for additions and notes. This will be a 'work in progress'. It might not be neat!
At RootsTech In April 2013, Lisa Louise Cooke interviewed British Columbia's own Dave Obee, a genealogist who advocates timelines as a family history research tool.
"10 Top Tips for How to Bust Through Your Genealogy Brick Wall", GenealogyGems, 13:29 minute video.
Lisa Louise Cooke's Genealogy Gems on YouTube


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CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – Dan Piemont and Nick Sisler each posted two points as MIT fell to UMass-Dartmouth, 10-4, in a non-conference men's lacrosse game on Wednesday. The defeat lowered the Engineers' record to 2-3 on the year.
The Corsairs opened the scoring at the 8:25 mark of the first quarter but the Cardinal and Gray evened the game four minutes later when Piemont connected on a pass from Tom Hay. UMass-Dartmouth found the back of the net twice during the last 3:30 of the period to claim a 3-1 lead.
The hosts extended their margin after four minutes elapsed in the second stanza. A man-up goal by Carl Tilbury that was set up by Sisler brought MIT within two (4-2) with 6:29 on the clock. The Corsairs responded with back-to-back goals to enter the break with a 6-2 advantage.
UMass-Dartmouth added two more goals before Sisler's solo effort ended the Engineers' scoring drought with 4:24 left in the third period. The majority of the fourth quarter was a defensive battle as neither side added to its tally until there was just over four minutes remaining. The Corsairs registered two goals exactly 32 seconds apart before Piemont's unassisted goal with 1:20 to play capped the scoring.
Sisler, Gabe Blanchet, and Justin Myers each recorded five groundballs as Bryan Beller and Garth Grove both came away with four of their own. In net, Christopher Rullan collected 11 saves.


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|2011-05-02, 15:22
|Link #61
Spoiler for Episode 2:
|2011-05-02, 18:16
|Link #62
Seishu's Ace
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Kobe, Japan
I agree with both points - the whole cast is excellent, and Dinklage is a particular standout. Having not read the books yet, his character is the most interesting for me so far as he's by far the hardest to pin down. Martin is either a great deceiver or not very interested in hiding who his villains are, but Tyrion could come down just about anywhere at this point and it wouldn't be a surprise.
I enjoyed the first two eps a lot, but this one might have been the best. It was less garish soap opera and more subtle psychological chess match.
|2011-05-04, 17:25
|Link #63
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2008
Having read the books, although quite a long time ago, I have to say the adaption is quite faithful. First episode was excellent, if a bit too fast-moving. Second also good. Third one feels way too fast. I think that's the overall backside for me, and the difficulty to translate the best quality of the books, the characterization.
The plot in the book is told via first-persons-views of selected characters (and some of these change with every book). First-person-view perspectives is the best way in a book to actually know a character, since you gain access to this chain of thoughts and reasoning. This is extremely hard to convert well into series I reckon. It has to be small scenes and nuances that tell this, and not just told in some weird dialogue. I feel a part of the original depth characterization is gone (I don't care if it's a bit different, but the depth), some characters more than other (of course more in those that you have first-person-views from in the books).
Still great acting by most actors, and even if Tyrion and Ned are great, they are a bit different. The one that really nailed his role 100% is Viserys Targaryen. He's really spot on, as taken from the books.
|2011-05-05, 05:24
|Link #64
Did someone call a doctor
Join Date: Apr 2007
Age: 35
I completely forgot about this... I have to check it out. The previews and stuff look damn awesome
I'll prolly end up wanting to punch all the Lanisters (and Sansa, initially) in the face such a morally bankrupt family... though I didn't mind Jaime on subsequent readings.
Last edited by james0246; 2011-05-05 at 09:18. Reason: please do not unnecesarily spoil the series for others...
|2011-05-05, 07:55
|Link #66
Knowledge is the solution
Join Date: Jan 2004
Location: St. Louis, MO
Age: 34
I haven't had the time to follow the HBO broadcast, however if it's anything like the books it should be awesome. Low fantasy at its best. Showing that you don't need fancy magic to make a good fantasy book. Personally I've loved every single book in the series, and that includes the fourth book.
|2011-05-06, 08:15
|Link #69
Join Date: Jan 2008
I was pretty disappointed. They have a budget all right, but it's like they don't really care about the outcome. Just do what sort of in the book, we have the money, and will make more.
All the events are rushed, have no scale. Actors don't look even remotely on part with the characters. A lot of vitally important moments were left out - which is weird, seeing how they're usually extremely short to begin with. But hey, in their place gotta have all those useful topless shots, right?
And overall it looks like family friendly version of the books. No dread, no tension - but we got word "fuck" and some boobs instead of that, that makes it all mature, right? Gotta use that HBO broadcasting for something.
|2011-05-06, 09:40
|Link #70
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2007
Edit: just watched ep 3. Arya's performance is not very good. In the conversation with Ned, it felt like that she was reading the script. I am also confused why the fan-service girl went to the wood and then went back, she was there for something, right?
Last edited by Tom Bombadil; 2011-05-06 at 11:58.
|2011-05-06, 11:27
|Link #71
Takao Tsundere Cruiser
Join Date: Oct 2008
Location: Classified
This is not a family friendly show. This is Rome meets LOTR.
|2011-05-07, 02:19
|Link #73
I asked for this
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: Winterfell
Age: 29
But honestly, if you have only watched the tv show it really may seem as some sorta awesome medieval soap-opera, it's rather slow-paced, but just enough intrigue to keep you interested. The books themselves are not really that obscene or described in great detail, they are classy. If you guys really want non family-friendly stuff, read the works of Joe Abercrombie, totally recommended, even Martin likes them!
|2011-05-09, 02:22
|Link #74
Join Date: Jan 2008
Age: 30
the last scene with Lady Stark was SOOOOOOOOOOOOOO BADASS. i almost started cheering. Too bad it was Tyrion, and not any of the others. come on, how do you not like Tyrion... Daenerys' scene was very well done too.
|2011-05-09, 05:31
|Link #75
I asked for this
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: Winterfell
Age: 29
Once again, the actor who plays Viserys just nailed his attitude in full. Loved the bathtub scene - he was reciting dragon names while boning the gurl, then raged when she made him "sad". lawl
Also adored Jon and Sam's bonding, especially when they were talking about girls, so cheeky.
Really good character development episode.
|2011-05-09, 06:55
|Link #76
Takao Tsundere Cruiser
Join Date: Oct 2008
Location: Classified
|2011-05-09, 15:53
|Link #78
Seishu's Ace
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Kobe, Japan
4th episode:
Lots of good comments here already, but let me add a note of admiration for Aidan Gillen, who's playing Littlefinger. In a huge cast like this is takes a lot to stand out, and he's made that character really stand out. Along with Tyrion he's probably the most intriguing one of the bunch for me so far.
|2011-05-10, 11:39
|Link #79
Join Date: Apr 2004
^ Couldn't agree more with Tyrion. Every scene with him is a treat. I have to say I really enjoy Jaime Lannister's character too. Boromir doesn't exactly intrigue me that much but I do admit that although his character design looks exactly like his LOTR counterpart he does feel radically different. Littlefinger's actor is great too, he really managed to portray this sense of sinister aura...can't say I can trust him.
|2011-05-11, 00:11
|Link #80
Retweet Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: ニュー・オーリンズ、LA
God Game of Thrones is awesome...Other than animated works like "Dungeons and Dragons", "The Hobbit", and, I don't know, "Escaflowne"^^ I've never been hardcore into medieval type stuff...Keep in mind I've always had a wonder for it, but I've never even seen Lord of The Rings (This probably has more to do with my inability to watch anything longer than 2 1/2 hrs though), but this show is amazing...
The dialogue is so rich, so inexplicably woven with a cautious hand, for an English degree haver (which ironically is not a word^^) like myself it's ecstasy of the ears...A palette of personification...
At first I thought my favorite character would be the eldest Lanaster (You know the plastic action-figure of the show), but after he crippled the kid I was like f**k him ...So I've still been trying to figure out who I enjoy the most (Because this is what I do)..And I can't escape the god-damn Imp...He is utterly amazing...The way he straddles the line between playfulness and curtness is phenomenal...His disregarding persona just a mask for his pathos...That guy is doing great work...
And Aidan Gillian, what can I say...If you saw this guy play the Mayor on the Wire, and then play a cookie-cutter villain in 12 Rounds you know this dude has range beyond range...His spry comeback to Lord Stark telling him his distrust for him was the only smart move he's made since coming to town literally made me air-fist with glee...
I could go on and on, my God the final scene with Lady Stark's plea getting those swordsman to unsheathe on the stunned Imp, words don't do it's awesomeness justice, but I do have a question from this latest episode...
When Gillian's character tells the young Stark girl the story of the brothers what was he trying to achieve? I just watched the ep so i may have missed it, but I was a bit confused about his intentions with that...I think blood spewing from the jousted knights neck is more than enuff of an excuse to have distracted my attention here...
Anyways, i look forward to the next episode because the preview is pretty hardcore, and i can't wait...
|game of thrones, hbo
|Thread Tools


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OMAK A local woman said the value of cancer screening hit home – after she was diagnosed with the disease.
Tina Eiffert, chairwoman of the Wally Walkers Relay for Life team, said she was diagnosed in November 2011 with stage 3 cervical cancer that had spread to her lymph nodes.
"It was very preventable, had I gone in for checkups," she said.
Eiffert said she had no symptoms but when she turned 41 in October 2011, she decided it was time for a health checkup.
"It was a little bit of a shock," she said. "I always said I was the healthiest sick person I knew."
Coincidentally, she said she had the unpleasant duty of telling her parents about her diagnosis on the same day their first great-grandchild was born.
I want people to know they need to get checked out and be aware funding is out there.
Tina Eiffert
"I have this personal guilt. It was tough to tell my parents the same day their first great-grandchild was born and to ruin what should be their happiest day," she said.
She underwent chemotherapy and radiation treatments, and now her cancer is in remission.
"Cancer opened my eyes to life," she said. "My outlook changed. I appreciate life and family more. It opened my eyes to everything."
Eiffert attended her first Relay for Life the spring after her diagnosis.
"I want people to know they need to get checked out and be aware funding is out there" for cancer support and research, she said. "We need to keep the funding there."
"Her story is what it's all about," Relay Team Development Chairwoman Cheral Montanez said. "She's used those services," from gas vouchers to motel rooms.
"The Relay does help local people," she said.
Relay for Life raises money "to help prevent cancer, save lives and diminish suffering from the disease," the American Cancer Society said. "While you're raising much-needed funds, you'll also be raising awareness of cancer prevention, early detection, treatment and patient support."
Eiffert said she's so grateful for advances in treatment made possible, in part, by donations to the American Cancer Society.
"Twenty years ago I wouldn't have been alive for my daughter's wedding," which was earlier this month, she said.
Support is one of the biggest benefits of being involved with the Relay, Eiffert said.
Although she received plenty of support from her family, friends and co-workers at Walmart, she said none of them quite knew how she felt.
"I didn't quite feel understood. I still felt kind of alien and not connected with others," she said.
That changed when she attended the Relay and participated in the survivors' lap.
"We talked and shared stories. Their stories mirrored mine," she said. "I kind of felt I found where I belonged."
The Wally Walkers team has raised more than $3,000 and reached a threshold of company employee participation needed for Walmart to donate another $5,000, she said.
Another team fundraiser – the Ride for a Cure motorcycle event – was yesterday, May 11.
People can still donate to her team or any other team by visiting the Relay for Life website, or by attending the relay.
As of May 9, the relay had 23 teams and 286 participants who had raised $21,841.01, the Relay website said.
"I just want everyone to know they are saving lives and their donations are fully appreciated by survivors," Eiffert said.
The overnight Relay for Life begins at 6 p.m. May 17 on the Okanogan High School track, 255 S. Fifth Ave.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


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Oct. 14, 2008
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – The MIT rifle team traveled to the U.S. Naval Academy over the weekend for a pair of matches with the Midshipmen, as well as the team from Penn State. On Saturday, the Engineers had scores of 2237 in smallbore and 2226 in air rifle, good for second among the three squads. On Sunday, in a head to head matchup with Navy, Tech was outshot by the host team 2288 to 2239 in smallbore and 2335 to 2225 in air rifle.
On Saturday, Junior Emily Houston and sophomore Joe Lane would match the top two marksmen from Navy in the smallbore category, shooting 576 and 573 respectively. However, the Engineers could not keep up with the host's air rifle scores, as the top three point totals in that event belonged to Midshipmen. Nigel Kojimoto helped contribute to the second place finish, shooting 549 in smallbore category and 550 in air rifle. Jen Paek rounded out the scoring for Tech with scores of 539 in smallbore and 534 in air.
The Engineers returned to the range Sunday but were again outdueled by the Naval Academy in both guns. Houston had another accurate performance, with scores of 574 in smallbore and an impressive 588 in air rifle, just two points off the high score in the meet. The next three shooters for Tech finished within two points of each other in the smallbore category. Lane led the way with a 556, Kojimoto was one off that score with Paek just a point below that. Once again, the Midshipmen dominated the air rifle event, outshooting the Engineers by 110 points.
MIT will be back in action in two weeks when Navy comes to Cambridge for a meet, along with Wentworth, on Saturday, October 25.


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'M*A*S*H' actor William Christopher dies
'M*A*S*H' actor William Christopher dies
PASADENA, Calif. —
William Christopher, who played Father Mulcahy on the hit show 'M*A*S*H,' has died. He was 84.
According to Reuters, he died Saturday in his bed at his home in Pasadena, Calif. after being diagnosed with cancer about 18 months ago.
He appeared in more than 200 episodes between the original series from 1972 to 1983 and its spin-off from 1983 to 1985.
The show's finale in 1983 was one of the most-watched events in TV history with nearly 106 million people.
He also made several guest appearances on shows ranging from "The Andy Griffith Show" to "The Love Boat."
He is survived by his wife and two sons. The couple wrote a book, "Mixed Blessings," that chronicles how they raised their child Ned, who has autism.


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4:00 pm
Wild Kratts "Stuck On Sharks" Martin and Chris are on a mission to uncover the secret life of the mysterious Great White Shark. They use Aviva's incredible Remora Rocketsub to "stick with" a female shark and soon learn that the giant predator of the sea actually has lots of challenges to contend with and that she could help them discover something that no one has ever seen before - the birth of Great White shark pups. But when Gourmand sniffs around looking for ingredients for his Shark Fin Soup recipe, the Wild Kratts team must help rescue their new friend. D
4:30 pm
Cyberchase "Crystal Clear" When Digit's systems go wonky, Motherboard sends him to the caves that house the Synchronizer, the beautiful crystal that keeps all borgs correctly timed. But before he can be put back in sync, he gets a glitch and tosses his crystal synchrometer into a tunnel and then flies off the wrong way down into a deep, dark chasm. Called in to help, Jackie, Matt and Inez meet Jules, the cave's timid guard, who teams up with them to find the synchrometer (using the unique geometry of crystals) and to find Digit, who's hopelessly lost. D
5:00 pm
Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman "Who Wants to Trade for Some Old Tracks?" Someone has just stolen Ruff's garden gnome and he's determined to get it back! In fact, he's so obsessed that he hasn't bathed in several days and is covered in flies-prompting Charlene to send him some fly swatters. Ruff sends Emmie and Marco to the Amherst College Museum of Natural History to analyze the footprints left behind by the perpetrator who stole the garden gnome; while Rubye and Shreya try to barter the flyswatters for something better that Ruff can give to Charlene. D
5:30 pm
Nightly Business Report Stocks pull back on earnings worries, but the markets are still up nicely since the start of the year. New York Correspondent Suzanne Pratt looks at whether 2012 will be the year of the bear or the bull. Investors are continuing to pour money into commodity exchange traded products like gold and oil. D
5:56 pm
NewsHour Promo NULL
6:00 pm
PBS NewsHour NULL
7:00 pm
Nature "River of No Return" Isaac and Bjornen Babcock head into the Frank Church - River of No Return Wilderness for a yearlong honeymoon. They capture the beauty and wildlife with their cameras within the wilderness in the heart of Idaho. What begins as a romantic adventure becomes something much greater for the couple - and a tale of hope and celebration for every life trying to make it in the wilderness.G
8:00 pm
NOVA "Why Ships Sink" NOVA investigates the safety of cruise ships, which carry 20 million passengers annually on vacation aboard these deluxe "floating cities," which have doubled in size during the last decade. Some engineers fear these towering behemoths are dangerosly unstable. NOVA brings together marine engineering and safety experts to reconstruct famous cruise disasters, including the recent Costa Concordia to consider the questions about cruise safety.G
9:00 pm
America Revealed "Nation on the Move" Yul Kwon journeys across the continent by air, road and rail and ventures behind the scenes with the workers who get people and goods where they need to go in a nation whose population is the most mobile on Earth. He visits the Federal Aviation Administration command center, meets innovators creating ways to propel people farther and faster, and sees how transportation analysts keep traffic at bay in Las Vegas by revolutionizing the traffic light. Part 2 of 4G
10:00 pm
Ashes to Ashes Animal rights activists threaten a series of attacks in London. The first victim is in a hospital. Gene orders his team to find those responsible. Alex visits an imprisoned activist believed to know about the planned attacks and wonders if the man is also involved in her fate.G
11:00 pm
Charlie Rose NULL


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Southern Comfort PunchEdit
Ingredients 1 large can frozen orange juice concentrate 1 can frozen banana daiquiri mix 3/4 cup lemon juice 1 1/2 liter ginger ale 1 5th bottle whiskey, or to taste Lemonade Ice Ring, recipe follows
Directions In a large punch bowl, combine orange juice concentrate, banana daiquiri mix and lemon juice. Stir to blend. Slowly add ginger ale. Remove excess foam with a spoon and stir in Southern Comfort. Add lemonade ice ring.
Lemonade Ice Ring: 2 lemons, sliced round
1 orange, sliced round
2 limes, sliced round
1 small jar maraschino cherries
1 quart lemonade
1 sprig mint, optional
In a round mold, place some sliced lemons, oranges and lime rings in the bottom. Place cherries in the center of the orange rings. Slowly add lemonade just to cover. Freeze. Remove mold from freezer and add more fruit and mint leaves. Slowly fill with lemonade and freeze again. Place frozen ice ring in punch.
Yield: 1 ice ring
Prep Time: 10 minutes, plus freezing time
Ease of preparation: easy
Recipe located here.


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(a) A banking institution may not engage in business in this state at any place other than at its principal office in this state, at a branch bank in this state, at a customer bank communication terminal permitted by section twelve-b of this article or at any loan origination office permitted by section twelve-c of this article:
(1) Acceptance of a deposit or allowing a withdrawal at the banking offices of any subsidiary affiliate, as defined in section one, article eight-a of this chapter, for credit or debit to the customer's account at any other subsidiary of the same bank holding company is permissible and does not constitute branch banking. In addition, the conduct of activity at branch offices as an agent for any bank subsidiary of the same bank holding company shall be permitted to the same extent allowed by federal law for national banks pursuant to 12 U.S.C. §1828 and does not constitute branch banking; nor does this activity constitute a violation of section forty-two, article four of this chapter. However, a banking institution may not utilize that agency relationship to evade state consumer protection laws, including usury laws, or any other applicable laws of this state or to conduct any activity that is not financially related as that term is defined by section two, article eight-c of this chapter;
(2) A banking institution located in a county where there is also a higher educational institution as defined in section two, article one, chapter eighteen-b of this code may establish a temporary business office on the campus of any educational institution located in the county for the limited purposes of opening accounts and accepting deposits for a period not in excess of four business days per semester, trimester or quarter. However, prior to opening any temporary office, a banking institution must first obtain written permission from the institution of higher education. The term "business days", for the purpose of this subsection, means days exclusive of Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays as defined in section one, article two, chapter two of this code;
(3) Any banking institution which on January 1, 1984, was authorized to operate an off-premises walk-in or drive-in facility, pursuant to the law then in effect, may, as of June 7, 1984, operate such facility as a branch bank and it is not necessary, for the continued operation of the branch bank, to obtain additional approvals, notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (d) of this section and subdivision (6), subsection (b), section two, article three of this chapter.
(b) Except for a bank holding company, it is unlawful for any individual, partnership, society, association, firm, institution, trust, syndicate, public or private corporation, or any other legal entity, or combination of entities acting in concert, to directly or indirectly own, control or hold with power to vote, twenty-five percent or more of the voting shares of each of two or more banks, or to control in any manner the election of a majority of the directors of two or more banks.
(c) A banking institution may establish branch banks either by:
(1) The construction, lease or acquisition of branch bank facilities within any county of this state; or
(2) The purchase of the business and assets and assumption of the liabilities of, or merger or consolidation with, another banking institution.
(d) Subject to and in furtherance of the board's authority under the provisions of subdivision (6), subsection (b), section two, article three of this chapter and subsection (g) of this section, the board, by order, may approve or disapprove the application of any state banking institution to establish a branch bank.
(e) The main office or a branch of a West Virginia state banking institution may not be relocated without the approval by order of the commissioner.
(f) Any banking institution which is authorized to establish branch banks pursuant to this section may provide the same banking services and exercise the same powers at each such branch bank as may be provided and exercised at its principal banking house.
(g) The board shall, upon receipt of any application to establish a branch bank under the provisions of this section, provide notice of the application to all banking institutions. A banking institution may, within ten days after receipt of the notice, file a petition to intervene and shall, if it files a petition, thereupon become a party to any hearing relating thereto before the board.
(h) The commissioner shall prescribe the form of the application for a branch bank under the provisions of this section and shall collect an examination and investigation fee of $500 for each filed application for a branch bank that is to be established by the construction, lease or acquisition of a branch bank facility and $500 for a branch bank that is to be established by the purchase of the business and assets and assumption of the liabilities of or merger or consolidation with another banking institution. Notwithstanding the above, if the merger or consolidation is between an existing banking institution and a bank newly incorporated solely for the purpose of facilitating the acquisition of the existing banking institution, the commissioner shall collect an examination and investigation fee of $100. The commissioner may require an examination of a financial institution or an office of a financial institution that is being merged into a state-chartered bank. If an examination is required, the applicant is responsible for paying the examination costs at a rate of $50 per examiner hour. The board shall complete the examination and investigation within ninety days from the date on which the application and fee are received, unless the board requests in writing additional information and disclosures concerning the proposed branch bank from the applicant banking institution. If the board makes that request, the ninety-day period shall be extended for an additional period of thirty days plus the number of days between the date of the request and the date the additional information and disclosures are received.
(i) Upon completion of the examination and investigation with respect to the application, the board shall, if a hearing be required pursuant to subsection (j) of this section, forthwith give notice and hold a hearing pursuant to the following provisions:
(1) Notice of hearing must be given to the banking institution with respect to which the hearing is to be conducted in accordance with the provisions of section two, article seven, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code and the hearing and the administrative procedures in connection therewith are governed by all of the provisions of article five, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code and must be held at a time and place set by the board but may not be less than ten nor more than thirty days after the notice is given;
(2) At the hearing a party may represent himself or herself or be represented by an attorney at law admitted to practice before any circuit court of this state;
(3) After the hearing and consideration of all the testimony and evidence, the board shall make and enter an order approving or disapproving the application, which order shall be accompanied by findings of fact and conclusions of law as specified in section three, article five, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code and a copy of the order and accompanying findings and conclusions shall be served upon all parties to the hearing and their attorneys of record, if any.
(j) A state banking institution may not establish a branch bank until the board, following an examination, investigation, notice and hearing, enters an order approving an application for that branch bank. However, a hearing is not required with respect to any application to establish a branch bank which is approved by the board unless a banking institution has timely filed a petition to intervene pursuant to subsection (g) of this section. The order shall be accompanied by findings of fact that:
(1) The applicant state-chartered banking institution satisfies such reasonable and appropriate requirements as to sound financial condition. For purposes of this subdivision, "sound financial condition" means that a state banking institution meets the required minimum level to be adequately capitalized for each capital measure as determined by its primary federal regulator and is not subject to supervisory action by either a state or federal financial regulatory agency;
(2) The establishment of the proposed branch bank would not result in a monopoly, nor be in furtherance of any combination or conspiracy to monopolize the business of banking in any section of this state;
(3) The establishment of the proposed branch bank would not have the effect in any section of the state of substantially lessening competition, nor tend to create a monopoly or in any other manner be in restraint of trade, unless the anticompetitive effects of the establishment of that proposed branch bank are clearly outweighed in the public interest by the probable effect of the establishment of the proposed branch bank in meeting the convenience and needs of the community to be served by that proposed branch bank;
(4) The applicant state-chartered banking institution meets a satisfactory standard of compliance with federal and state community reinvestment act requirements as evidenced by its most recent state or federal examination;
(5) The applicant state-chartered banking institution meets a satisfactory standard of compliance with federal and state consumer compliance law and regulations as evidenced by its most recent state or federal regulatory examination;
(6) The applicant state-chartered banking institution meets acceptable standards for investment in premises and fixed assets as permitted by section thirteen, article four of this chapter; and
(7) The applicant state-chartered banking institution does not present a significant supervisory concern or raise a significant legal or policy issue by filing the application.
(k) Any party who is adversely affected by the order of the board is entitled to judicial review thereof in the manner provided in section four, article five, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code. Any such party adversely affected by a final judgment of a circuit court following judicial review as provided in the foregoing sentence may seek review thereof by appeal to the Supreme Court of Appeals in the manner provided in article six, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code.
(l) Pursuant to the resolution of its board of directors and with the prior written approval of the commissioner, a state banking institution may discontinue the operation of a branch bank upon at least thirty days' prior public notice given in such form and manner as the commissioner prescribes.
(m) Any violation of any provision of this section is a misdemeanor offense punishable by applicable penalties as provided in section fifteen of this article.


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OH teen may face adult charge in friend's slaying
OH teen may face adult charge in friend's slaying
COLUMBUS, Ohio —
Prosecutors in central Ohio have filed a motion to prosecute a 16-year-old boy as an adult in the fatal shooting of his 14-year-old friend.
The high school freshman is scheduled to be in juvenile court in Columbus next week to face a delinquency count of murder in the Monday shooting of Terrico Henry.
Henry, who police initially said was 15, was shot in the stomach in the basement of the 16-year-old boy's home. He died later at a hospital.
Police said the boys were in the basement with several others. Another 16-year-old boy has been charged with tampering with evidence. Police say he concealed a handgun and fled when officers arrived.
The Columbus Dispatch reports that friends of the boys say they believe the shooting was accidental.


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Michigan City, Indiana is another city that figures prominently in the ribbon that weaves our family stories together. Michigan City is situated in northwestern Indiana about fifty miles east of Chicago and is included in the Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City combined statistical area. It is on the shores of Lake Michigan and is served by the South Shore Line Electric Railroad.
In the 1860 Federal Census Oloff Hanson, my husband's great-great grandfather, appears as a fisherman from Sweden. He served in the Civil War from August 1862 until June 1865 as Volunteer of Company E 4th Regiment of the Indiana Calvary. He was married to Marie Hepke and they had eight children between 1860 and 1879. All of the children were born in Michigan City. By 1880 Olof had moved his family to Chicago, Illinois where his daughter Aurora would marry William Snyder and eventually establish Mrs. Snyder's Candies. Mrs. Snyders would become a Chicago candy Company in direct competition with Fannie Mae Candies. The company was eventually sold in the 1960s.
In the 1900 Census Allen Green Wells Coan, my son-in-law's great-grandfather, is raising his family of seven children in Michigan City. Allen was a railroad conductor for the South Shore Raildroad after having served in the 4th Calvery in the Philippines during the Spanish American War. His son Warren would move to Chicago where he would marry Charlotte Sigler and the would have a daughter Pamela who would marry John Krbec. In 1966 John and Pam would adopt my son-in-law Scott.
At some point in the 1940s my uncle Jack Connery purchased a summer home in Long Beach, Indiana, just outside Michigan City. He would name the cottage "Lazy Jane". Some family members said it was named after his wife. I'm taking the 5th since I was not there. Later he sold it to his sister Kathleen who re-named it the "Lady Jane". Aunt Kathy kept the cottage and rented it only long enough each year to cover expenses. She preferred to keep it available for the family to use. My family went to the lake in August every year and enjoyed the cottage. Dad worked on the house and yard while the children enjoyed the beach. Usually our Murray cousins were just seven or eight houses down the beach babysitting the Hosty family children.
|Donna, Patsy, Tommy with Kathie Hardie holding Paul
1860 Lake Shore Drive was right next to Bus Stop 19. That is how you gave directions, near bus stop xx. The cottage didn't look like it was very big but it could easily sleep eleven people and had two living rooms and two kitchens.
After the lake wiped out the downstairs, a second kitchen was added upstairs while the downstairs was rebuilt. The upstairs living room had an awesome fireplace and days long monopoly games were played in the large room overlooking the lake. This room ran the entire width of the house and had windows on three sides. It was furnished with a double bed on each side and a single bed in the middle. Monopoly was played either on the floor or on a round green wicker table that had a Tiffany lamp on top. The lake was right outside the back door.


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BUY KETAZOLAM NO PRESCRIPTION, IOWA CITY — Don Patterson was in town on Friday for another cancer checkup at the University Hospitals and Clinics. KETAZOLAM used for, The good news — the former Western Illinois University football coach is cancer-free, exactly two years after the beginning of radiation and chemotherapy treatments for tonsillar cancer, buy generic KETAZOLAM. KETAZOLAM pics, Now Patterson, who lost his job as coach of the Leathernecks three games into last season, KETAZOLAM maximum dosage, Order KETAZOLAM no prescription, is hoping to be back on the sidelines.
Patterson stopped by to visit Iowa's coaching staff before the Hawkeyes' media day, generic KETAZOLAM, KETAZOLAM from mexico, and came out to the practice field to see some familiar faces.
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" I have two little twins, a boy and a girl, Jeremiha Jr., and Azariha," Hunter said. "They both turned two (years old) on August 1."
Asked what he does off the field, Hunter simply said, "Family. Family and school. That is it.".
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Recent Central Saint Martins graduate Lee Roach presented his spring collection at the lavish Carlton Gardens. Roach's aesthetic continues to explore traditional and distinctive menswear elements merged with his personal approach to minimalism.
Roach creates garments that eliminate superfluous components and this latest offering remained rooted in a strict palette of black, white and silver. The restraint evident in clothes shows confidence by the designer, despite feeling somewhat out of sync with the current maximalist zeitgeist evident elsewhere on the London catwalks.
However the acute accuracy of Roach's clothes is covetable and his minimalist approach is refreshing – ultimately a well executed and sensitively balanced collection.


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Jeff Thompson, who coaches the East Hampton High School boys swimming team, was pleasantly surprised when on the first day of practice he saw that 30 hopefuls, twice last year's number, were facing him.
The word had gotten around.
Five have since cut themselves, in effect, but the rest have stayed, and promise to be, in the aggregate, Thompson said during last Thursday's practice at the Y.M.C.A. East Hampton RECenter, the best team he's had.
East Hampton's varsity program is in only its third year, but the pipeline has from day one been as good as any other high school sport given the popularity of East Hampton Town's junior lifeguard program overseen by John Ryan Sr. and Jr., and the Hurricanes youth swim team coached by Tom Cohill, the Y's aquatics director.
"About two-thirds of the kids are from East Hampton, about a third are from Pierson, all of them good, and we've got three from Bridgehampton," Thompson said, a remark that prompted this writer to observe that, of the sports in which East Hampton is combined with other schools, boys swimming appears to be the biggest draw.
Of the some 10 new team members, "half of them have experience and the other half, while they don't have the experience, do have the work ethic — it's an amazing group."
Thompson has lost to graduation several stalwarts in Matt Kalbacher, Tim Gualtieri, and Adrian Krasniqi, all of whom competed in last year's county meet, but Trevor Mott and Thomas Brierley, who competed in the counties last year as freshmen, are among the returnees, as is Dan Hartner, a Pierson senior who would have been in the county meet had he not been ill at the time.
Brierley, Krasniqi, Kalbacher, and Mott placed eighth in the county's 200-yard freestyle relay last winter, and Kalbacher, Brierley, Mott, and Gualtieri were 13th in the 400 freestyle relay.
"Those were the first top-10 finishes we've had at the sectionals," Thompson said at the time.
"This year, the sky's the limit," said the coach, who is again assisted by Craig Brierley, Thomas's father. Thompson said he was very grateful for Brierley's help. "It's like having two head coaches," he said. "One wouldn't be able to do it — it's too big a group."
Besides Mott, Brierley, and Hartner, then, the returnees include Jeremy Pepper and Peter Skerys, both Pierson seniors, and Adam Heller, a Pierson junior, as well as Christian Figueroa, a Bridgehampton junior, Baxter Parcher and Mike Knab, both Pierson sophomores, and Andrew Winthrop, an East Hampton junior.
Among the many new ones are Ryan Lewis, an East Hampton senior, and Sergio Betancur, an East Hampton junior, who, while it's their first season of varsity swimming, are town lifeguards; Paul Dorego, a Pierson senior; Robert Anderson III, Zach Bogetti, Thomas Dayton, Christopher Kalbacher, Shane McCann, Tyler Menold, Rob Rewinski, and Claudio Figueroa, who are all freshmen; Anthony McGorisk and Kyle Sturmann, who are sophomores, and two eighth graders, Nick Pucci and Thomas Pardicio, both of East Hampton.
The team practices from 3 to 5 p.m. at the Y on weekdays, and from 5:30 to 7:30 a.m. there on Saturdays.
"We've got a ton of talent," said Thompson. "We'll come out stronger than ever — we'll have a completely full lineup with people to spare. We'll run three teams in the relays whereas we only ran two before. We have a lot of guys who will be really competitive, who can do all the strokes."
Thompson didn't schedule any scrimmages because of the need to get so many practices in before things get under way. His goal, he said, is to take "all the relays and six individuals to the county meet. Last year, I took two relays and three individuals."
"All but two of our meets will be at home" — good news inasmuch as in away meets against teams with divers, East Hampton couldn't contest those points.
The first is to be here with Huntington on Friday, Dec. 16. The Bonackers are to swim at Lindenhurst, a nonleague opponent, on Jan. 5. Home meets with Harborfields (Jan. 10), North Babylon (Jan. 12), and Deer Park (Jan. 18) are to follow. East Hampton is to swim at Hauppauge on Jan. 20, and Smithtown East, a nonleague opponent, is to swim here in the last meet of the regular season on Feb. 1.
Asked how many football fields the squad had swum to date, Thompson checked with his iPhone and said, "Four hundred and fifty football fields so far. . . . We're getting there."


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So I have a bit of a thing for hot pink lips, I find the preferable to hot red lips so I purchased this rather lovely looking lipstick from the Hourglass range – it's called Fever..
I don't have much make up from Hourglass but I know it's quite pricy but is good quality too. This lipstick is a cream formula what is hydrating and doesn't contain synthetic dyes, parabens and sulfates. Apparently these lipsticks are also refillable which is great, because the packaging is very heavy and unique.
Nice make up is getting more and more expensive, no? These Hourglass lipsticks costs £22 each which is certainly not cheap (so buying Fever was a bit of a splurge for me!).The packaging is lovley. It is very heavy, very high quality metal which is shiny but because it's dark, doesn't show lots of visible marks everywhere.
The lipstick is also a visual delight – it has this pretty swirly…wait that's an hourglass. It has a pretty hourglass shape etched on to the lipstick. The lipstick doesn't wobble. This is very important too me!
I like this lipstick – it's very pigmented but has a soft sheen to it. It's cream but not very creamy (like YSL Rouge Volupte) but it's not so dry that it drags either. Overall I like the texture…do I feel like it's missing something…perhaps a sort of richness…I think so. I can't put my finger on it but when I was applying it I didn't feel like it 'treated' my lips or had that special 'glide' expensive lipsticks are supposed to have…
What was annoying is that shortly after I got a Anna Sui lipstick which looks really similar but sheerer…hmmm.
Anyway here is how it looked on me. I found it quite blue based on my skin and bordering on purple. I still like it though and I think it wears quite well through a few drinks and still leaving a stain!
I did think that it settled into fine lines, but overall left a plumped effect.
Hourglass Femme Rouge Velvet Creme Lipsticks are nice lippies and I'd consider another one in a more natural shade in the future, for when I want something pigmented and not too drying. But if you are happy with your cheaper lipsticks (like this Rimmel in Hot Pink) I see no great need to switch!
I bought mine from Zuneta (see all the colours here).


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Multiculturalism for Steampunk
A celebration of culture as a sourcebook for steampunks- a collection of costumery, tutorials, history, whimsy, and recipes to put a little global flair into your steampunk. In the future I hope to cover local festivals, spotlight steampunks who are getting in on the multi-cultural act, and have fellow steampunks post on the arts that they make and love.
Thursday, February 16, 2012
Art Challenge: Japan
In my opinion Japan is the epitome of a steampunk country- once they got ahold of their first pieces of steam and industrial technology, they put their culture of passionate practice to work and in a few short decade exploded into a superpower. While much of the traditional culture fell by the wayside, they still went forth into the modern world with a style all their own. What do you see when you think steampunk Japan? Well, let's see what this week's artists envisioned from the Land of the Rising Sun.
Thursday, February 9, 2012
CYL: Kilty as Charged: Folk Dress of the British Isles
|A badass looking granny in Welsh costume c. 1905 (Linda Jean)
Failte! I know what some of you are thinking: Britain? Isn't this the very same country that was the powerhouse behind the largest imperial force during the 19th century? Perhaps the most mainstream and stereotypical representation of the era that most steampunks base their outfits, prose, and characters off of?
Yep it is. But the three-piece ditto suits and bustle dresses weren't everybody's traditional clothing. Even in the British Isles, there were cultural minorities with their own specific modes of dress that were still being used- even in the heady era of the empire. Let's take a look at the Scottish, Welsh, Irish, and perhaps a quirky local culture or two!
Wednesday, February 8, 2012
Art Challenge: The Maghreb
|(Pendersleigh and Sons cartography)
Turns out when you announce that the weekly art challenge is the 19th century Maghreb, you get a lot of colorful images of pretty Berber ladies. Frankly, I'm overjoyed- because you'll find in these images a lot of research into the garments and embellishments of the Amazigh culture and despite the stereotypical allure, no exposed midriffs. This week's challenge results also go to show that it doesn't all have to be brown and earth-tones to be steampunk. Let's have a look!
Wednesday, February 1, 2012
Art Challenge: India
|India c. 1857
India was chosen not only because several people requested it, but it's powerful creative appeal (also I'm reading the Mahabarita for class...). Think of India and NOT have something very unique pop into your head- whether it be elephants, grand rajas, chai tea, sumptuous or millennia-old civilizations. Let's see what some very talented artists dreamed up:
Tuesday, January 24, 2012
New feature: Weekly Art Challenge
|A Qing/Manchu-1860s inspired wardrobe design I did last year.
While researching and writing for the blog helps me a great deal in my own academic and artistic endeavors, what I really strive for is a greater appreciation for global themes in steampunk. Plus, I want to see how other artists apply the things they see here and elsewhere in their own work. So, we're going to start a new feature.
Concurrently, with the offiicial facebook page, MfS:tST will be issuing a weekly art challenge. Every Wednesday, a theme will be announced: perhaps a character trope, a geographic region, a culture, maybe even a piece of literature. Anyone who wants to participate will have until Wednesday morning to create a piece of steampunk or retro-futuristic art in keeping with the theme and submit a link. Wednesday evening, I'll gather up the links, post them on the blog, and announce the next week's theme.
What's welcome? Well, art! It could be 2d or 3d, digital or traditional media, a short story, a poem, a design draft- anything you want. I just request the following:
THE RULES (and requisite fine print)
-You must do some research for your pieces. A. This will show you some mind-blowing details and facts you can integrate. B. ....well, do you read this blog?
Research recommendations: University libraries and collections (many of which can be found online and free of charge), scholarly works (I recommend google scholar if you don't have access to things like JSTOR), museums, and of course- books!
- If you're taking a photograph of your piece (such as costumery/fiber arts, jewelry, or sculpture), please make it of a decent quality.
-Poetry or short stories should be preferably linked to something like livejournal, deviantart, or a blog like blogger/wordpress to avoid clutter.
-Watermarks are completely acceptable. Rights to the artwork will be kept by their creators and will not be used without their express permission. All imaged and links will be credited and can be linked to a personal website or gallery if desired.
-I (Miss Kagashi) have a right not to post particular pieces if I feel that they are inappropriate, such as cases of: Exceptionally graphic violence, blatant insensitivity or ignorance about the culture represented, or exploitative nudity. I'm no puritan by any means, but this isn't a porn site... other than costume porn, maybe.
-This is NOT A CONTEST. It costs nothing to submit your art, however I am not offering prizes or payout for submissions (except maybe some free publicity on the blog and facebook page).
-Have fun, be creative, and stretch your artistic wings!
Remember: be sure to watch and check the Multiculturalism for Steampunk facebook page for more information and the week's them. Happy creating, world travelers!
Wednesday, November 30, 2011
Out and About: Teslacon II- Madison, WI
|Ooh, shiny.
Sometimes Miss Kagashi gets out of her tiny student apartment and occasionally, it's for something supremely awesome. The kind of awesome that provides fodder for late nights with friends for years to come. The kind of awesome where you're relating the story with the same people who were THERE, IN IT- and everyone's still in stitches:
Oh yeah, Teslacon II did that.
But first, a bit of background.
Thursday, November 3, 2011
FF: Dearly Departed: Global Funeral Customs of the 19th Century
|Irish members of the U.S. Cavalry staging a 'mock wake' in the mid-late 19th century (Collectibles Corner)
Dearly beloved, we gather here to take heed and to read this blog post. Remember this blog as it was, when I had free time coming out my eye sockets and I didn't have to seek employment to keep myself rolling in microcurry and peanut butter. Amen....
It's Halloween, my lovelies, my favorite holiday. In keeping with this month's folkways theme, we'll be discussing that most final of topics: Death. Since I can't find a lot of reliable primary sources about trips to the afterlife for some reason, we'll have to deal with the aspect of death that impacts us living- the funeral. Specifically, funerary and mourning practices of the 19th century and you'll see that the Age of Steam was one interesting time to die and be the bereaved. If you find that this article starts depressing or creeping you out (which is why the tone will be quite light) then I recommend detoxing with this tumblr: Oh Yeah Adorable Puppies. Feel better? Splendid! TO THE GRAVEYARDS WITH US!
Wednesday, October 26, 2011
Tutorial Time! Sugar Calaveras
|19th century Mexican illustrator Jose Posada created la Catrina, an image that mocked the excess of high society ladies of fashion. To this day, La Catrina-style art is very popular.
It is often said that the people of Mexico have a special relationship with death. Much of the Western world prefers to ignore the inevitable. Relatives are regarded as truly gone from this earth, images like skulls or cemeteries are seen with either morbid glances or very clinical, clean scrutiny. There isn't nearly the soul or celebration in death that the Mexicans have that is, quite frankly, beautiful. Many cultures have veneration of the dead holiday or tradition. Native American tribes had spring rituals that evolved (thanks to the colonizing French who introduced All Saint's Day) into modern Ghost Suppers (myself and Aaron over at Steampunk Cookery are planning to host one as we speak) to which you would invite dead relatives by hanging wreaths on their graves. In Vietnam the anniversaries of loved ones' deaths are celebrated with feasts and the burning of so-called "hell notes", paper money intended as gifts to the dead person.
But Dia de Los Muertos tops them all in popularity and liveliness. It's captured the imagination of people outside of Mexico and venerates the dead, but with a joyous twist for the living. Traditions include cleaning and decorating relatives' gravesites, eating pan de muerto (spindly loaves of sweetened bread that look like cracked bones), and designating offering altars in the home called ofrenda. These colorful tables are adorned with flowers, paper decorations, photographs of the deceased, food (and booze), items the deceased enjoyed, and perhaps the most iconic image of Dia de Los Muertos: the calavera, or sugar skull. Note that the dead cannot actually eat the food, they simply indulge in the aroma, sight, and memory attached to it.
Thursday, October 6, 2011
FF:Another Way to Love: GLBT Culture in the Age of Steam
|A tender photo of a Japanese couple (1910s, judging by the cut of the suit) (Buzzfeed)
October is GLBT History Month here in the United States and encourages everyone, both Queer and heterosexual alike to explore an often unspoken record. While homosexuality has only been brought to the forefront of civil issues in the Western world in the past sixty years, it's certainly (as old as sex itself) been present- albeit trapped under the ice, conveniently shoved into the back of the bookshelf, or simply ignored outright. If we view LGBT history (like steampunk) through the Euro-American lens it can seem pretty stuffy or one-note (that note being hard labor if we read a lot of Victorian novels). But it's not all doom, gloom, and repression, folks! There were plenty of cultures and nations around the world during the 19th century who accepted homosexuality, bisexuality, and even transgendered folks as a common occurrence.
Before we get into it, I'd like to preface this article, considering the political climate in some countries (including my own) these days that this piece is about alternate sexuality and gender identity. On top of that, it addresses it (and unions thereof) in a sympathetic, positive manner (I know that makes me a bad academic, but I'm also a proud straight ally). If you disapprove of this or aren't comfortable with these facts, I would really suggest you find a different article to read. Also all of the images are safe for work. All right? Is the unpleasant disclaimer business done with? Rockin'.
Sunday, October 2, 2011
October Preview
|19th century watercolor depicting a Punjabi funeral procession (gdhillow)
Clothing You'll Love
Once Upon a Time in Mexico...
Focus on Folkways
The Other Ways to Love (A Survey of LGBT Culture in the 19th century)
Ashes to Ashes (Exploring Mourning and Funeral customs- just in time for Halloween)
Kagashi's Kitchen
Dia de los Muertos Sugar Skulls
Featured Traveler of the Month
It was also noted on the blog's facebook page that a few days ago the Steamer's Trunk officially turned one year old. As is the case with anything online, its success is a mirror of the many wonderful people that subscribe, read, and repost- so thank you all. It's been a hell of a year and I've learned a lot through my research- and I hope you've learned something too! Or perhaps that you saw something and was inspired. My deepest thanks to all of you, from the casual reader who was linked here by a friend, to the lovely people who link, to the subscribers that have been here from the beginning. Hopefully I can meet you on the road somewhere (we'll have a cup of tea!).
|Nautical hijinks! Mummy unwrappings! Irate Germans! OCTOPODES!
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text:
QuantumSTEP vs iPhoneSDK
From GNUstepWiki
Revision as of 16:12, 7 March 2008; view current revision
←Older revision | Newer revision→
←Older revision | Newer revision→
Some definitions
- [mySTEP] is the GNUstep based GUI toolkit (i.e. frameworks) extended by QuantumSTEP (which adds an application suite e.g. for address book, calendar, mail, etc.) to develop applications for Linux/X11 based handheld devices (i.e. Sharp Zaurus, OpenMoko Phone)
- iPhone SDK is the Apple SDK to develop native applications for the iPhone and the iPod Touch
|iPhone SDK
|continuous progress since 2003 (mySTEP)
|beta now, final June 2008
|Foundation, full AppKit, Small WebKit, PDFKit, IOBluetooth, X11 (Render), SQLite
|(Core) Foundation, UIKit, WebKit, Core Audio, Core Animation, OpenAL, OpenGL, SQLite
|SDK cost
|free (cross-gcc, etc.)
|free (by registration only)
|not required (100% same source code)
|included (since Apps don't run natively on a Mac)
|Development Systems
| Mac: Xcode 2.4 or later, Interface Builder, Xtoolchain
Linux: Project Center, GORM coming
| Intel Mac: Xcode 3.1, (Interface Builder coming)
Linux: no
|Minimum gcc
|2.95.3 (with Obj-C 1.0)
|4.x (with Obj-C 2.0)
|Distribution of your App
|free and open as you like and need
|only through "App Store" at 99$-299$/year + revenue sharing
|Developer Program
|none, but www.gnustep.org
|appears to be initially limited and US only
|Sharp Zaurus, OpenMoko, Acer n30, more to come
|iPhone, iPod Touch, (more to expect, e.g. Tablet?)
|Interface Builder
|by Code (IB coming)
|none imposed by project
|type of applications is restricted (i.e. no download of other executables)
|Installed Base (E2008)
|10k ... 1 Mio (number of OpenMoko devices with Linux/X11 capable of using mySTEP)
|ca. 10 Mio
|Backed by
|FSF GNUstep project, quantum-step.com
|Source can be (re)used on Mac, Linux, Windows
|needs complete GUI rewrite of existing applications, even if Cocoa based


text:
Welcome to DigiDIRECT Chatswood's Camera Test Drive event. We are offering you the experience of trying out a new Canon EOS M6 camera with the 15-45mm & 55-200mm lenses.
That's right, you can take the camera home for a sleepover and we won't even charge you for it !
If you have been thinking about a new camera or just want to see what the latest Mirrorless cameras are capable of, sign up for the experience right here and put the Canon M6 through its paces.
We love it and think you will too !
How long can I test drive the M6 kit for ?
You can test drive the M6 kit for up to 6 days. Test drive times are each week:
- From 12pm Thursday to 6pm Wednesday or;
- From 12pm Friday to 7pm Thursday
Where do I pickup from and return the M6 kit to ?
DigiDIRECT, K401 - Level 4, Westfield Chatswood
Is there any cost for the M6 kit test drive ?
There is no cost. We do require a pre-authorisation security deposit of $500 (ex GST) from your credit card (VISA or Mastercard). This deposit will be refunded when the equipment is returned on time and in the same condition before the test drive.
Are there any other requirements of me before taking the M6 for a test drive ?
Once you choose a date, we will forward our standard Terms and Conditions. Have a read through and feel free to contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com or on 02 8440 7900 if you have any questions.


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In this virtual lab experience, learners simulate measuring soil moisture and soil bulk density following the GLOBE protocol for NASA's SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) Earth satellite mission. This resource is part of GLOBE Pedosphere (soil)... (View More) eTraining. (View Less)
Materials Cost: Free
This article and interactive image compares the sizes of Hurricane Katrina and Typhoon Haiyan. SciJinks is a joint NASA/NOAA educational website targeting middle school-aged children and their educators. It explores weather and Earth science through... (View More) articles, videos, images, and games. (View Less)
This interactive visualization illustrates changes in Earth's climate. Manipulate a sliding timeline to view the impacts on our planet of four climate related variables: sea ice, sea levels, carbon emissions, and average global temperatures.
This interactive program focuses on the role of sea level in climate change. Sections include an overview and a list of relevant NASA satellite missions and their objectives. A third section, entitled Global View, covers the following 5 topics:... (View More) Latest View, Large El Niño, Hurricane Katrina, Indian Ocean Tsunami, and La Niña. (View Less)
Use this interactive model to test how energy used in your home connects to carbon. This is part of Unit 3 of Interactives and Models: Carbon in the Future & You.
Materials Cost: Free
In this interactive, manipulate the future sources and sinks of carbon to estimate the atmospheric CO2 levels and global temperatures in the future. This is part of Unit 3 of Interactives and Models: Carbon in the Future & You.
Using global data sets with monthly resolution, you will adjust variables in this empirical climate model to test the degree to which natural and human influences can account for observed global temperatures from 1979-2010. This is part of Unit 3 of... (View More) Interactives and Models: Carbon in the Future & You. (View Less)
This interactive model lets you manipulate and work to balance the biologic (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration) and human processes that replicate the observed CO2 record from Mauna Loa. This is part of Unit 2 of Interactives and Models: Carbon Now.
In this interactive, use NASA satellite data to test and compare rate-limiting factors for productivity in several regions of the world's oceans. This is part of Unit 2 of Interactives and Models: Carbon Now.
Scientists use various types of records to understand the rates of change in Earth's past climates, and the climate connections in the Earth system. Use this interactive to compare climate data from around Earth, and investigate whether they... (View More) indicate the same patterns of past climate change. This is part of Unit 1 of Interactives and Models: Carbon & Climate in the Past. (View Less)


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Selecting your vehicle's make, model, and year allows us to display only parts and items specific to your car's model and year.
Part# G212
Be the First to Review
Sale Price: $1,656.99
Part Type: (R) = Authentic reproduction of the original GM product
Years: 1972
Sold As: KIT
2018 LeMans Catalog Page: 12
Certain items which exceed standard size are exempt from free shipping promotions. These items are noted in your cart at checkout.
Any package that measures over 48" in length, and/or 30" in width or height, is subject to an additional handling surcharge of $15.95 per package. Unusually shaped packages such as cylinders or drums are also subject to this charge, as are unusual exterior packaging materials such as plastic or cloth.
Includes the following premium-quality items discounted to save you money on your restoration:
(1) Molded carpet
(1) Under carpet sound deadener kit
(2) Door sill plates "Body by Fisher" ribbed original style
(1) Complete set of seat upholstery
(2) Bucket seatback/lower base chrome tubing (pair, '66-72 only)
(2) Unassembled front door panels (left and right)
(2) Unassembled rear panels (left and right)
(1) Door panel/rear side panel water shields (set)
(2) Door lock knobs and ferrules
(2) Door panel lower chrome strips (exc '67, '69-72)
(2) Rear panel lower chrome strips (exc '67, '69-72)
(1) Door panel water shields set
(2) Upper door jamb end caps (pair, '64-67 only)
(1) Door jamb seal stripping (pair, '64-67 only)
(1) Headliner (includes sail panel and visor material)
(1) Headliner seal strips and end caps ('64-67)
(1) Dome lamp lens
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(1) Standard rear seat shelf
(1) Rear seat shelf/jute insulation kit
(2) Front armrest pads (pair)
(2) Front armrest bases (pair)
(2) Rear armrest pads ('64-69 only)
(2) Rear armrest bases ('64-67 only)


text:
Documentarian Steve James, who directed "Hoop Dreams" in 1994, embarked on a new mission the following year. In 1995, he returned to rural Southern Illinois to reconnect with Stevie Fielding, a troubled young male to whom he had served as mentor and Big Brother, ten years earlier. James intended to capture the happy reunion on camera. What he discovers, instead, is a grown-up, Stevie, who is utterly impoverished and living in a trailer park. The filmmaker embarks on a quest to uncover what exactly happened to Stevie over the past ten years; as well, James tries to understand the forces that ultimately shaped Stevie's life and turned it into the dour existence that it has become. Part way through the filming, Stevie is arrested and charged with a serious crime that rips his family apart. That which was intended to be a modest profile turns into an intimate four-and-a-half-year chronicle of Stevie, his broken family, the criminal justice system, and the filmmaker himself--as they all struggle with accepting the crime that Stevie has committed, while trying to understand the person who has become.
Director: Steve James
Producer: Adam Singer and Steve James
Cast: Stevie Fielding, Steve James, Tonya Gregory, Bernice Hagler and Verna Hagler
Sorry there are no upcoming showtimes for Stevie (2003)


text:
Only hotels in 28052 zip code are listed below. Search for cheap and discount hotel rates in Gastonia, NC for your upcoming leisure or conference / group travel. We list the best 28052 hotels and motels so you can review the Gastonia hotel list below to find the perfect lodging. Hotels in Gaston county and area code 704 are also listed.
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text:
Level: Easy
Yield: 6 servings
* 1 pound fusilli
* 1 (26-ounce) jar Simple Tomato Sauce, recipe follows or other
purchased marinara sauce
* 2 (6-ounces each) cans albacore tuna packed in oil, drained
* 1 tablespoon drained capers
* 1 teaspoon grated lemon peel
* Salt and freshly ground black pepper
* 1 tablespoon chopped fresh Italian parsley leaves
Cook the pasta in a large pot of boiling salted water until tender but
still firm to the bite, about 8 minutes.
Meanwhile, combine the tomato sauce, tuna, capers, and lemon peel in a
heavy large skillet. Using a fork, break the tuna into chunks. Simmer
to blend the flavors, about 5 minutes. Season with salt and pepper, to
Drain the pasta, reserving 1 cup of the cooking liquid. Add the pasta
to the sauce and toss to coat. Toss the pasta with enough reserved
cooking liquid to moisten. Stir in the parsley and serve.
Simple Tomato Sauce:
Yield: 6 cups
Prep Time: 15 minutes
Cook Time: 1 hour and 20 minutes
Ease of Preparation: Easy
1/2 cup extra-virgin olive oil
1 small onion, chopped
2 cloves garlic, chopped
1 stalk celery, chopped
1 carrot, chopped
Sea salt and freshly ground black pepper
2 (32-ounce) cans crushed tomatoes
2 dried bay leaves
4 tablespoons unsalted butter, optional
In a large casserole pot, heat oil over medium high heat. Add onion
and garlic and saute until soft and translucent, about 2 minutes. Add
celery and carrots and season with salt and pepper. Saute until all
the vegetables are soft, about 5 minutes. Add tomatoes, basil, and bay
leaves and simmer covered on low heat for 1 hour or until thick.
Remove bay leaves and check for seasoning. If sauce still tastes
acidic, add unsalted butter, 1 tablespoon at a time to round out the
Add half the tomato sauce into the bowl of a food processor. Process
until smooth. Continue with remaining tomato sauce.
If not using all the sauce, allow it to cool completely and pour 1 to
2 cup portions into freezer plastic bags. This will freeze up to 6
From: foodnetwork.com


text:
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Revista médica de Chile
Print version ISSN 0034-9887
Rev. méd. Chile vol.140 no.7 Santiago July 2012
Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 915-918
Oral stigmatic lesions of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Lesiones en la cavidad bucal en reflujo gastroesofágico. Informe de un caso
Massimo Petruzzi1, Alberta Lucchese2, Guglielmo Campus3, Vito Crincoli1, Dorina Lauritano4, Edoardo Baldoni3
1Department of Dentistry and Surgery, University of Bari, Italy.
2Department of Dental, Orthodontic and Surgical Sciences. II University of Naples, Italy.
3Department of Dental Sciences, University of Sassari, Italy.
4Department of Dental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Italy.
Patients with gastroesophageal reflux may have extra-esophageal manifestations. We report a 46 years old ex-smoker woman presenting with a sensation of burning mouth, xerostomia and glossitis. The patient had a history of heartburn, dysphonia and cough. Mouth examination showed a bad hygiene and abundant accumulation of plaque. Esophageal pH measurement was abnormal. Laryngoscopy showed a posterior laryngeal inflammation and mucous secretion. With these data, a diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux was reached.
Key words: Gastroesophageal reflux; Oral hygiene; Pathology, oral.
Resumen: Los pacientes con reflujo gastroesofágico pueden tener manifestaciones extra esofágicas. Presentamos una mujer ex fumadora de 46 años que se presentó con sensación de quemazón en la boca, xerostomia y glositis. La paciente tenía además una historia de pirosis retroesternal, disfonía y tos. El examen bucal mostró una mala higiene bucal con abundante acumulación de sarro. Una medición de pH esofágico fue anormal. La laringoscopia mostró una inflamación laríngea posterior y secreción mucosa. Con estos antecedentes se llegó al diagnóstico de reflujo gastroesofágico.
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition and its prevalence varies in different parts of the world. GERD incidence in the population ranges from 20% to 60%1,2. The most common symptoms of GERD are heartburn and acid regurgitation. Other common symptoms include water brash, belching, and nausea3. However, symptoms of GERD could affect various tissues and organ systems beyond the esophagus: they represent the so called "extraesophageal manifestations" that include atypical chest pain that can simulate angina pectoris; ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations such as globus sensation, laryngitis; pulmonary problems such as chronic cough, asthma, pulmonary aspiration and sleep apnoea4. The Montreal definition and classification of GERD has described well-established associations, although not necessarily causal, between GERD and cough, laryngitis, asthma, and dental erosion1. Upper respiratory tract manifestations of GERD (included the oral manifestations) such as dysphonia, laryngitis, temporomandibular disorders, xerostomia, halitosis and mucositis are widely described in the literature as related to GERD.
Classic reflux symptoms may be absent in more than half the patients presenting with extraesophageal symptoms. For this reason, the first provisional diagnosis of GERD may be made by a dental practitioner as a result of clinical observation of enamel erosion or oral mucosal status5. The purpose of this report is to highlight GERD symptoms and signs involving oral hard and soft tissues.
Case report
A 63 years old Caucasian woman, former smoker, complaining for about one year a feeling of burning mouth with a greater emphasis to the lingual mucosa, presented to our observation. The symptom was increased after the consumption of acid foods and/or especially hot, determining an irradiation of the burning to the palatine mucosa. In addition she complained of xerostomia that the patient reported as a feeling of "stuck mouth". She had a history of high blood pressure, receiving ACE inhibitors and diuretics. In addition she took antacids for acid indigestion. She also referred occasional hoarseness, cough and heartburn. The intraoral examination showed poor oral hygiene conditions with abundant accumulation of plaque and calculus. Erosion of the enamel and dentin of the residual teeth (Grade 3 according to the scale of Eccles and Jenkins) were also noted6. The most involved teeth were the molars, above all their lingual and palatal surfaces. The tongue appeared markedly atrophic with a scrotal aspect (Figure.1) and the palatine mucosa (hard and soft palate) appeared hyperaemic, suffering and erythematous. The orifices of the salivary minor glands showed a classic appearance as pin-spot (Figure.2). The following examinations were then required: oral buffer for mycetes researching (Candida species), blood count with formula, finding of SSA and SSB auto-antibodies and gastroenterological evaluation for GERD. The patient's swab did not revealed any fungal infection (according to the negative lingual buffer) and the hemocromocitometric values were normal. SSA and SSB auto-antibodies (related to the suspicious diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome) were not detectable. Distal esophageal pH monitoring recorded a DeMeester score of 16.23 -total of events: 92- events over 5 minutes: 0, total exposure time: 5.5%, events occurred when the patient standing/sitting or when laying down. pH metry was considered pathological. Endoscopic laryngeal examination revealed posterior laryngeal inflammation, slight vocal cord erythema and increased mucosal secretion. The urea breath test revealed that the patient was negative for H. pylori. A diagnosis of GERD, Grade II (according to Savary-Miller-Monnier) was done. The patient was indicated to take omeprazole 20 mg daily for eight weeks. Amelioration of the symptoms and a considerable improvement of the oral lesions was observed (Figure.3).The dental hard tissues were properly restored and preserved.
Figure 1. Marked atrophy of the tongue dorsal surface
causing burning sensation and xerostomia.
Figure 2. Pin-spot aspect of the palatal minor salivary glands:
a sign of suffering leads to acid reflux.
Figure 3. Tongue healing after therapy.
There is a close correlation between GERD and oral cavity diseases as it is recognized by gastroenterologists and other specialists7. The two possible mechanisms by which reflux related extra-esophageal tissue damages may occur are: 1) Direct damage deriving from mucosal contact (reflux theory) and 2) Vagally mediated reflex from distal oesophageal acid exposure (reflex theory)8. Therefore the refluxed acid material can damage extra-esophageal tissues included the oral cavity, particularly its hard and soft tissues. In some patients, a not particularly severe but chronic acid reflux, could damage the above mentioned tissues. In these cases, the quality and amount of saliva plays an important role in hard and soft oral tissues changes9. The hydroxyapatite crystals constituting the dental organic material may be dissolved by acid having a pH under the critical pH level of the dental enamel dissolution equal to 5.510. The gastric reflux has a pH less than 2.0, so it can erode dental tissues11. In 1933, Bodecker noted a relationship between gastrointestinal alterations and dental erosion; his thought was shared by Bargen and Austin in 1937 and two years later by Holst and Lange12-14. In 1971, Howden et al. reported that dental erosions may lead to the diagnostic suspect of acid reflux in patients with silent GERD15. The erosion determined by gastric reflux is typical because the lingual and occlusal surface of the posterior teeth is affected, as confirmed by some studies16,17. The damaged teeth are the mandibular molars of the primary and permanent dentition. This kind of erosion is different from the vomiting one caused by bulimia because it involves the lingual surfaces of mandibular incisors. It also differs from the erosion caused by acids coming from extrinsic source, in which it is possible to note damage to the labial surfaces of the anterior teeth with a decreasing severity in the posterior area. Jarvinen et al. underline the presence of burning mouth, aphthoid lesions and hoarseness in patients with disorders of the upper digestive tract18. Erythema of the soft palate and uvula, glossitis, epithelial atrophy, xerostomia could be common in GERD patients. However, the mucosal changes described are quite common and not pathognomonic and specific of GERD patients. In fact a careful differential diagnosis should be made with oralcandidiasis, Sjogren syndrome, changes in salivary flow, drug-related xerostomia and oral lesions induced by smoking. Moreover, dietary changes and poor oral hygiene can cause lesions similar to those induced by acid reflux. The association between oral mucosal manifestations, enamel erosions and the patient's symptoms should induce the dentist or the general practitioner towards the suspected diagnosis of GERD.
It is also relevant that the oral mucosa is protected by the buffering role of saliva: the salivary flow and, consequently, the amount of swallowed saliva, increases during the distal oesophagus acid stimulation because of the oesophagus salivary reflex19. The different clinical manifestations resulting from GERD require a correct clinical supervision in order to better characterize the clinical-pathological condition of the patient and to obtain an appropriate treatment to avoid eventual complications. Treatment options for GERD include lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, or a combination of methods. The classes of medications prescribed to treat GERD are pro-motility agents, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors. It is also necessary that the dentist recognizes the oral symptoms (dental erosion, burning mouth, epithelial atrophy, hyperaemia of palatine mucosal, halitosis, drooling) related to GERD and request the appropriate medical advice. On the other hand, patients affected by GERD, should be evaluated by a dentist to highlight the presence of oral involvement caused by GERD. The symbol of the stratification of the patients affected by GERD is the so-called "iceberg of Castell"20. In this symbol, the "emergent" portion is the better-known, formed by all the patients complaining of typical symptoms, while the hidden part, called "emerging", is represented by patients with atypical symptoms which therefore require one or more medical consultations.
In conclusion, the fundamental requirement for a successful treatment of GERD is a multidisciplinary approach involving first of all the general practitioners: about 95% of GERD patients are managed in primary practice. Gastroenterologists, otorhinolaryngologists and dentists can support the medical management of GERD patients and they can recognize the secondary manifestations of GERD directing the patient towards the correct diagnosis.
1. Vakil N, van-Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R. Global Consensus Group. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 1900-20. [ Links ]
2. Jones R, Lydeard S. Prevalence of symptoms of dyspepsia in the community. BMJ 1989; 298: 30-2. [ Links ]
3. Traube M. The spectrum of the symptoms and presentations of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1990; 19: 609-16. [ Links ]
4. Richter JE. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in the older patient: presentation, treatment, and complications. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 368-73. [ Links ]
5. Ali DA, Brown RS, Rodríguez LO, Moody EL, Nasr MF. Dental erosion caused by silent gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Am Dent Assoc 2002; 133: 734-7. [ Links ]
6. Eccles JD, Jenkins WG. Dental erosion and diet. J Dent 1974; 2: 153-9. [ Links ]
7. Farrokhi F, Vaezi MF. Extra-esophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. Oral Dis 2007; 13: 349-59. [ Links ]
8. Groen JN, Smout AJ. Supra-oesophageal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;15: 1339-50. [ Links ]
9. Filipi K, Halackova Z, Filipi V. Oral health status, salivary factors and microbial analysis in patients with active gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Int Dent J 2011; 61: 231-7. [ Links ]
10. Gudmundsson K, Kristleifsson G, Theodors A, Holbrook WP. Tooth erosion, gastroesophageal reflux, and salivary buffer capacity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995; 79: 185-9. [ Links ]
11. Lazarchik DA, Filler SJ. Dental erosion: predominant oral lesion in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95 (8S): S33-8. [ Links ]
12. Bodecker C. Dental erosion: its possible causes and treatment. Dental Cosmos 1933; 75: 1056-62. [ Links ]
13. Bargen J, Austin L. Decalcification of teeth as a result of obstipation with long continued vomiting: report of a case. J Am Dent Assoc Dent Cosmos 1937; 24: 1271-3. [ Links ]
14. Holst J, Lange F. A contribution toward the genesis of tooth wasting from nonmechanical causes. Acta Odontol Scand 1939;1:36-48. [ Links ]
15. Howden GF. Erosion as representing symptoms in hiatus hernia: a case report. Br Dent J 1971; 131: 455-6. [ Links ]
16. Schroeder PL, Filler SJ, Ramirez B, Lazarchik DA, Vaezi MF, Richter JE. Dental erosion and acid reflux disease. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 809-15. [ Links ]
17. Ali DA, Brown RS, Rodríguez LO. Dental erosion caused by silent gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Am Dent Assoc 2002; 133: 734-7. [ Links ]
18. Järvinen V, Meurman JH, Hyvarinen H, Rytomaa I, Murtomaa H . Dental erosion and upper gastrointestinal disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1988; 65: 298-303. [ Links ]
19. Sonnenberg A, Steinkamp U, Weise A. Salivary secretion in reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterology 1982; 83: 889-95. [ Links ]
20. Richter JE. Acid perfusion (Bernstein) test. In: Castell DO, Wu WC, Ott DJ, eds. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy. London, England: Futura Publishing Co Inc; 1985; 3-8. [ Links ]
Received October 12, 2011. Accepted January 19, 2012.
Statement of conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest. No financial support for this work has been provided.Corresponding author: Prof. Massimo Petruzzi, Dipartimento di Odontostomatologia e Chirurgia. Policlinico di Bari. P. zza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.E-mail: email@example.com
Conflictos de Intereses: