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I had occasion recently to read two books by Donal Dorr almost back to back. One is a new edition ( widely revised and updated) of his classic 1982 text, Option for the Poor. The second was a book entitled, Spirituality: Our Deepest Heart's Desire ( The Columba Press, 2008). The two prompted me to think again about the important topic of putting spirituality and Catholic Social Teaching together more closely. Alas, usual accounts of Catholic Social Teaching almost exclusively present it as a moral or ethical vision, un-rooted in the spiritual practices necessary to anchor it. Much of what passes as spirituality in our contemporary world lacks much depth in its social analysis of the structural context of our world.
Dorr, an Irish priest, is a former consultor to the Pontifical Commission for Justice and Peace ( which takes special interest in social topics such as economic development, immigration, ecological issues). But Dorr has also provided training and support in offering workshops on spirituality.
Option for the Poor was an excellent text, for my money the best general introduction to Catholic Social Teaching for beginners. But it is now almost twenty years old. Hence, Orbis Press is about to publish this fall a new, revised and updated version, to carry it through much of the papacy of John Paul II and the social encyclical of Benedict XVI. It has gained a revised title to capture the newer inclusion of ecological concern in papal social teaching since 1992. It is now called, Option for the Poor and for the Earth. It presents a careful analysis of papal social documents and also pronouncements by Synods of Bishops and also from the Pontifical Commission for Justice and Peace. It does exegesis as well of other papal pronouncents, outside encyclicals, found in the various addresses of the popes on social issues.Orbis Press sent me an advance copy to offer some words of endorsement for the book jacket. I noted, in my endorsement, Dorr's appreciation of the decided strengths of Catholic Social Teaching but also his critique of some of its inconsistencies and weaknesses or lacunae. I think it is an indispensable tool for anyone wanting to know the thrust, direction, inner tensions and strengths of the Catholic vision for human dignity, the good society, economic development, globalization. In a sense, this new book simply has no real peer as a reliable, illuminating and helpful introduction to understand Catholic Social Thought.
Just now, of course, we may need a judicious understanding of that important tradition because of some bizarre claims by Representative Paul Ryan that his budget proposal ( which is anything but an option for the poor!) and that his proposals to scale back federal concern for education, health, a safety net for the poor are in accord with Catholic Social Teaching. Our best kept secret is always in danger of being domesticated or distorted for ideological purposes.
I had occasion last fall to write an essay ( it will eventually be a chapter in a book) for a conference, at Louvain University in Belgium, on Catholic Social Movements and Catholic Social Teaching. Many of these movements ( e.g. The Community of San Egidio, Pax Christi, Jesuit Refugee Service, Catholics concernedd with the environment) do in fact take Catholic Social Teaching quite seriously. For them, it is not, as for the majority of Catholics, the church's best kept secret. In my essay I focused on Pax Christi ( an international Catholic group working for non-violent conflict resolution and the reduction of war); Jesuit Refugee Service ( a worldwide presence of Jesuits and volunteers in refugee camps providing medical aid, education and fighting for humanitarian rights) and The Green Sisters ( some fifty ecological centers run by Roman Catholic sisters in the United States which have organic gardens, give their surplus to the poor, conduct workshops on environmental responsibility).
Compared to more general papal social encyclicals or Vatican social teaching about peace, justice, human rights etc, these three groups had the luxury of specializing on one issue and going in depth into it. They also bolster and encapsulate their social justice work with deep layers of spirituality.
Because Dorr places emphasis both on social justice movements and advocacy and, simultaneously, spirituality, he would know that, without an ongoing life of prayer and rich religious symbols, those working for justice, the more humane restructuring of the world economy, justice for refugees and immigrants, fighting human trafficking etc. can easily burn out. Or their vision can degenerate into a purely secular, political vision. Dorr insists, then, that social justice activists need a spirituality of intimacy with God, with friends. They need to know their own vulnerability to pass over to the vulnerabilities of others. If spirituality entails, as Walter Burghardt used to put it, a long, lingering, loving look at the real, it brings us face to face not with a remote God but one who is present and at work in the world around us, grieving over its injustices and failures to respect human dignity and enticing us to make our real world more in the image of God's kingdom.
Without a continusous life of spirituality ( pausing, listening, praying, going deeper, examining our actions) there is a danger that social justice activists, in trying to read the signs of the times, will rest content with analytic and empirical data and not read what is happening in our world, our nation, our local communities, through the eyes of God's vision of a reign of justice, respect, reverence even for all, especially the weak, the vulnerable those who lack voice. Without spirituality, there is the other danger of being pusillanimous, failing truly to advocate and work for real just social change. It takes courage to fight against odds, in season and out.
Spirituality entails being present to God, present to ourselves and to others and to the world which surrounds us. An option for the poor is merely abstract or theoretical or maybe dangerous if it does not involve actually experiencing the poor and marginalized, being with them in some real sense. As Dorr says: " If we now face the reality of living in ' a global village' the next step that is required is a major expansion of the virtue of humanitarian solidarity and concern."
Dorr is also keenly aware that spirituality involves moral judgements about action. Morality is a key element in any authentic spirituality. Hence, he has chapters in Spirituality: Our Deepest Heart's Desire on a spirituality of human rights; a spirituality of social justice; ecological spirituality ( both its contemplative aspect and its active aspect). He inveighs against " the highly individualistic conception of spirituality which is so common in the West today." Spirituality, if it only involves meditation and going deeper into one's self can, often, be quite delusional. That is why we need directors or what the Irish used to call ' soul friends' to help us to see ( all that is real, even what we do not want to see), judge ( in the light of the gospel) and act. Without a real spirituality, we will not go beyond seeing to judging in the light of the gospel. But without a real sense of the social imperatives toward the common good found in Catholic Social Teaching, we may never come to act.As Jesus commanded us, it is not those who cry ' Lord, Lord' who will be saved but those who do the will of the father.
In a sense, Dorr ( who is quite sympathetic to Ignatian spirituality) reminds us in these two books that we are called to be contemplatives but in action. It is a life-time task and we will all surely stumble and go astray in one direction or the other. But the virtue of Dorr's books is to remind us of the direction a true spiritual life ( in our inter-dependent world rife with hunger, preventable illnesses, violation of human rights, unjust structures of oppression, a humanly caused degenerating environmental surround) must take.
I have read reviews of the books in critiques of the methodology. It's pretty telling that you only address statistics regarding black illegitimacy, and cite Murray's latest book, since his primary thesis is that the social indicia cited was even effecting the white population, although I acknowledge that he is best known, at least in social science circles, for his racist tome, "The Bell Curve". They are only half a step above Jonah Goldberg is terms of results oriented nonsense
David Frum takes apart his reasoning here - http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/02/06/charles-murray-book-review.html
The far more significant is that or permission for the breakdown to describe is economic, but of course that's not of interest to Murray's readers, as they hail from a political coalition that conspicuously seeks to advance policies to further suppress their wages.
And of course you know make the point that we've harmed the poor by being too generous to them, that they have it too good, a la the WSJ's "Lucky Duckies."
And then we learned this week from a Federal Reserve that the poor have had a 35% decrease in wealth between the years 2001-2010, while the rich have had a 16% increase in wealth. So by your logic and that of Murray, you should see the poor impove of their moral failings brought about by excess, as the deprivation will steer them back to the narrow road.
I suggest you read the two Murray books I mentioned and also read the Bell Curve especially his afterword. He was well known prior to writing the Bell Curve with Richard Herrnstein. Calling someone a racist is another example of what I was talking about. I assume you have read the book to make such a comment. If so then maybe you could detail why it is racist. If not, then your comment was really inappropriate and indicative of the problem I said was common here.
And by the way, Frum praises ''Losing Ground.''
Finding a negative review is not an indictment of anything just as finding a positive review. I suggest you specify just why it is not an insightful analysis of the Great Society/War on Poverty. A lot of things happened in the 60's, the proliferation of the pill, a cultural revolution which included a very strong sexual component, a sea change in attitudes towards what causes poverty and massive government intervention into the lives of the underclass. All four can be identified with the destruction of the Black community but in very differnt ways. It was indeed a Witches Brew. Each of these forces had secondary and tertiary effects, few of them positive.
I have met Charles Murray, have read a lot about him and read a lot of what he wrote. He is one of the most decent human beings on the planet. So to call him a racist, is beyond the pale but not untypical. In a later printing of the Bell Curve, he included an afterword about the reception of the book. Most of this afterword is on the Amazon web site for the book. After reading it, you may want to retract your comment.
For Fr. Coleman, the editors and other readers. I am sorry this got sidelined with a discussion of Charles Murray but in reality his writings have a lot to say on social justice and how good intentions go awry and end up hurting the poor instead on helping them.
First, what is spirituality? I have asked it before but haven't seen a satisfactory answer to it despite the frequent use of the term. There seems to an equivalence with self examination here. It is certainly used a lot in this OP.
Second, is something socially just or Catholic Social Teaching if it hurts the poor even if it has good intentions? And related, is Catholic Social Teaching different from what is socially just? Or are they just different terms for the same idea?
1. Spirituality is your relationship with God, how you define that and how you live it.
2. Catholic social teaching is justice. Justice does not hurt the poor ( or anyone ). Justice is rooted in the nature of God.
The ancient Hebrew prophet Amos and certain other ancient Hebrew prophets called for economic justice (also known as social justice) within the covenant community.
But it is not likely that the historical Jesus did.
I know, I know, John Dominic Crossan likes to connect the kingdom of God with imagined economic justice. However, I think Crossan is wrong about that.
Even so, even Crossan allows, as do other critical biblical scholars, that the historical Jesus was proclaiming the kingdom of God (also known as the reign of God).
Because you are a member of the Society of Jesus (also known as Companions of Jesus), I would urge you to give up your concerns about social justice as you understand it and devote your time and energies instead to proclaiming the reign of God and to urging people, including poor people, to seek the reign of God in their lives.
To get you started in redirecting your energies to proclaiming the reign of God, you should study the new book by Anthony de Mello, S.J. (1931-1987), a clinical psychologist and spiritual director in India: RECOVERING LIFE: AWAKEN TO REALITY.
Tony makes it clear that even poor people can be happy. That's good news.
In effect, what Tony describes as being happy is living under the reign of God that the historical Jesus proclaimed.
The essence of the Gospel, in my opinion, is rooted in the concept and mystery of chesed - the power and mercy of God made manifest in our compassion.
"The mystery of the Good Samaritan is this, then: the mystery of chesed, power and mercy. In the end, it is Christ Himself who lies wounded by the roadside. It is Christ Who comes by in the person of the Samaritan. And Christ is the bond, the compassion and understanding between them. This is how the Church is made of living stones, compacted together in mercy. Where there is on the one hand a helpless one, beaten and half dead, and on the other an outcast with no moral standing and the one leans down in pity to help the other, then there takes place a divine epiphany and awakening. There is "man," there reality is made human, and in answer to this movement of compassion, a Presence is made on the earth, and the bright cloud of the majesty of God overshadows their poverty and their love. There may be no consolation in it. There may be nothing humanly charming about it. It is not necessarily like the movies. Perhaps the encounter is outwardly sordid and unattractive. But the Presence of God is brought about on earth there, and Christ is there, and God is in communion with man."
Thomas Merton. Seasons of Celebration. (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1950): 181-182.
''Spirituality is your relationship with God, how you define that and how you live it.''
The problem I have with this definition is that it is very vague. It could mean anything or very different things to different people. It could mean whatever one does even if you do not believe in God. That is why I have asked this question before and it would be interesting to see how Fr. Coleman defines it. He certainly uses the term a lot.
''Catholic social teaching is justice. Justice does not hurt the poor ( or anyone ). Justice is rooted in the nature of God. ''
Justice is notoriously hard to define and this problem was made famous by Plato's discussion of Socrates and his quest for a definition of justice. Even Socrates would agree that it would not be just to hurt the defenseless but that does not really get at just what justice is.
I maintain that many of the programs that people have espoused over the years to help the poor have actually hurt them big time. So what a lot of people recommend would not be socially just and a lot of what is called Catholic Social Teaching is not socially just. That seems to be at the essence of a lot of the disagreements between so called ''liberals'' and ''conservatives.'' Both who claim these titles say what they espouse helps the poor more. So the contention is over tactics not objectives. If everyone had that understanding then there might be more civil conversations here and elsewhere instead of attacking someone's motives like it is a given they are wrong and needs no discussion.
For example, you have said I am interested in coddling the rich. Nothing could be further from the truth. I have nothing against the rich per se and I am certainly not one of them and I do not desire that they get richer. I just happen to believe that the secret to helping the poor lies mainly with what the rich do and not the government. I believe there is ample data to support that and we can then disagree on whether that is a good interpretation or not. But instead we go oft with demonizing rhetoric which assumes that we are the right ones and those who disagree with us are prima facie wrong and no discussion ensues.
This position remains absurd no matter how often repeated.
I appreciate I appreciate that it's oft repeated right-wing shibboleth, let's be appreciated for what it is, an attempt to assuage consciences, to use the big lie to rationalize a position which is understood on a commonsense issue to be wrong.
This reminds me of the individual who wants to wear a mink floorlength coat but also wants the company, who convinces herself that all of the minks that make up her coat died from natural causes.
I realize that those that read and drink from the Conintern are immune to external empirical reality, but just look at the example of Jesus. He did not help hungry the masses by withholding the loaves and fishes to avoid moral hazard, because he understood it was not a hazard.
To pretend that the poor are being harmed when they are being helped is just to rationalize evil
Beth, thank you for wrestling with the problem. To those who have the problem and need to be wrestled with, I'd suggest they read the Donal Door books Father Coleman recommended. They seem to cover exactly the points you don't understand. No sense arguing in a vacuum.
Rick, looks like you proved JR's point. Ironic.
Have you taken a look at some of the inner cities? There is close to 70% illegitimacy in the Black community, and 40% for all children currently born. I do not believe these are absurd observations unless you believe the devastating poverty for the underclass is deserved or desired. The sexual revolution fostered by our liberal elite along with the perverse incentives of the War on Poverty and other social program created a real witches brew that has produced a new form of enslavement for a large part of our population where fatherless children is the norm not the exception.
I suggest you read Charles Murray's ''Losing Ground'', Myron Magnet's ''The Dream and the Nightmare'' and Charles Murray's latest book, ''Coming Apart.'' There are others but this will make the case very dramatically.
Rick F. has a point. Just look at the Washington DC Public School system and how all of this big government spending helps those poor kids. Social Justice at its finest! If we only spent more in DC not only would the teachers be happier but maybe this preferential option for the poor would even teach them to read.
Please, let's not trot out Charles Murray and the War on Poverty again! We've debated that many, many times on this site.


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Finally on Seymour Avenue you can hear the church bells.
It's a sense of calm for a neighborhood that has experienced so much hurt. But, now there is a different feel.
"We're afraid that they are going to break our windows," Altagracias DeTejada.
Altagracias DeTejada says it all started when Charles Ramsey showed up here with a camera crew. DeTejada also added "they are going to do a video of what he supposedly did and we are not going to allow him to talk because he says the street is useless and trash."
Back in May when Amanda Berry first was freed from Ariel Castro's home, she and her neighbors assisted her. Charles Ramsey was there too. But it's still unclear what his role was.
Even so, he is given credit for helping Berry, Gina DeJesus and Michelle Knight. Causing friction between Ramsey and his onetime friends.
On Sunday, the situation escalated when a punch was thrown at Javier Marti. Altagracias, says Ramsey didn't hit anyone, but he also did nothing to try and stop it.
"Charles was laughing," she says. "Because he brought three friends to defend him."
The police report says one of those men assaulted Marti. But the scene had been cleared when they arrived. Ramsey's name does not show up on the report but make no mistake says Altagracias, he was there and her neighbor was not aggressive at all.
Copyright 2013 WOIO. All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hiking in wet leather boots, up and down mountains, for days on end, really sucks. Really. That's what happened to me on my last big trip through the 100 mile wilderness. So when I got back from Maine, I vowed to renew my quest to find a non-leather boot that dries …Read More »
Home / Tag Archives: leather hiking boots


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Laurie1 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 75 designs submitted by 24 freelance designers.
L A Sewing Group
We have been in business for 4 years and this is the first time we have thought about doing branding. Even though we are an original Mom & Pop shop with only one other employee we have high ambitions for our company. Each of us has many years professional background from the sewing and design industry and hold many industry designations and certifications.
Our company works one on one with individual sewers looking for state of the art sewing machines, and equipment that will enable them to explore their creativity. We have a large showroom and each of the machine models we sell are out where customers can test them before purchasing. We focus on European Swiss machinery with prices ranging from $300 to $14,000 for a machine. We have a large classroom where we teach students of all ages from 8 to 80 and accomodate their learning with a mix of hands on, video and printed support materials. We have a service department on site with a certified repair technician. We support our customers as they learn to effectively use their new equipment, teach them sewing techniques to improve their technical skill and maintain their equipment through our on-site service department to keep their machines in top performing condition.
We love to teach and we love our customers, many of them become like family and we know most by first name. Please check our website at http://www.lasewing.com
Our customer base is 99% female with the strongest age now represented in the 50's. We are working toward appealing to a much younger audience to build our customer base in the 20-40years range.
Our customers are a wide range including youth looking for fashion sewing, and mass customization,
- mid 20's to 40's most focused on learning to sew, fashion, home dec sewing and crafts
- over 40's most focused on craft and quilting arts.
For the most part they are all creative souls and flakey in their own artistic way. Some just like to hoard fabrics and machines, some only want the latest machine to be launched. Some are perfectionists and all have aspirations of creating the next Davinci from fabric.
Some times its easier to state what you do want after you identify what you don't want.
We don't want the kitchey antique sewing machine pictures, measuring tapes etc.
We want our logo to be professional, polished yet creative. We want it to convey warmth and friendliness.
Be creative, think about sewing and fabrics and fashion shows and the personalities behind them.
I have attached our current logo which desperately needs to be changed as it does not convey what we need for the business./
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Network Caching Technologies
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Although the volume of Web traffic on the Internet is staggering, a large percentage of that traffic is redundant-multiple users at any given site request much of the same content. This means that a significant percentage of the WAN infrastructure carries the identical content (and identical requests for it) day after day. Eliminating a significant amount of recurring telecommunications charges offers an enormous savings opportunity for enterprise and service provider customers.
Although the volume of Web traffic on the Internet is staggering, a large percentage of that traffic is redundant-multiple users at any given site request much of the same content. This means that a significant percentage of the WAN infrastructure carries the identical content (and identical requests for it) day after day. Eliminating a significant amount of recurring telecommunications charges offers an enormous savings opportunity for enterprise and service provider customers.
Latest revision as of 21:13, 16 October 2012
Although the volume of Web traffic on the Internet is staggering, a large percentage of that traffic is redundant-multiple users at any given site request much of the same content. This means that a significant percentage of the WAN infrastructure carries the identical content (and identical requests for it) day after day. Eliminating a significant amount of recurring telecommunications charges offers an enormous savings opportunity for enterprise and service provider customers.
Web caching performs the local storage of Web content to serve these redundant user requests more quickly, without sending the requests and the resulting content over the WAN.
Network Caching
Network caching is the technique of keeping frequently accessed information in a location close to the requester. A Web cache stores Web pages and content on a storage device that is physically or logically closer to the user-closer and faster than a Web lookup. By reducing the amount of traffic on WAN links and on overburdened Web servers, caching provides significant benefits to ISPs, enterprise networks, and end users. There are two key benefits:
- Cost savings due to WAN bandwidth reduction - ISPs can place cache engines at strategic points on their networks to improve response times and lower the bandwidth demand on their backbones. ISPs can station cache engines at strategic WAN access points to serve Web requests from a local disk rather than from distant or overrun Web servers.
- In enterprise networks, the dramatic reduction in bandwidth usage due to Web caching allows a lower-bandwidth (lower-cost) WAN link to serve the same user base. Alternatively, the organization can add users or add more services that use the freed bandwidth on the existing WAN link.
- Improved productivity for end users - The response of a local Web cache is often three times faster than the download time for the same content over the WAN. End users see dramatic improvements in response times, and the implementation is completely transparent to them.
Other benefits include:
- Secure access control and monitoring - The cache engine provides network administrators with a simple, secure method to enforce a site-wide access policy through URL filtering.
- Operational logging - Network administrators can learn which URLs receive hits, how many requests per second the cache is serving, what percentage of URLs are served from the cache, and other related operational statistics.
How Web Caching Works
Web caching works as follows:
- A user accesses a Web page.
- The network analyzes the request, and based on certain parameters, transparently redirects it to a local network cache.
- If the cache does not have the Web page, it will make its own Web request to the original Web server.
- The original Web server delivers the content to the cache, which delivers the content to the client while saving the content in its local storage. That content is now cached.
- Later, another user requests the same Web page, and the network analyzes this request, and based on certain parameters, transparently redirects it to the local network cache.
Instead of sending the request over the Internet and Intranet, the network cache locally fulfills the request. This process accelerates the delivery of content.
The important task of ensuring that data is up-to-date is addressed in a variety of ways, depending on the design of the system.
The Benefits of Localizing Traffic Patterns
Implementing caching technology localizes traffic patterns and addresses network traffic overload problems in the following ways:
- Content is delivered to users at accelerated rates.
- WAN bandwidth usage is optimized.
- Administrators can more easily monitor traffic.
Network-Integrated Caches
The first step in creating a network-integrated cache engine is to ensure that the network supports traffic localization, which can be achieved by enabling content routing technology at the system-level, and setting specific parameters to optimize network traffic. Cisco IOS ® Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP) is one example of content routing technology that can be set to support traffic localization. Once the right network foundation is in place, network caches are added into strategic points within the existing network. By pairing software and hardware, Cisco creates a network-integrated cache engine. Network-integrated caches have at least the following three properties:
- Managed like networking equipment, resulting in minimized operational costs
- Designed like high-density networking hardware, resulting in better physical integration into the network infrastructure as network extensions and minimizing costs associated with leasing rack space
- Transparently inserted into the network, resulting in minimized deployment and operational costs and greater content availability
Existing Caching Solutions
The three most common types of caches on the market today are proxy servers, standalone caches, and browser-based caches.
Proxy Servers
Proxy servers are software applications that run on general-purpose hardware and operating systems. A proxy server is placed on hardware that is physically between a client application, such as a Web browser, and a Web server. The proxy acts as a gatekeeper that receives all packets destined for the Web server and examines each packet to determine if it can fulfill the requests itself; if not, it makes its own request to the Web server. Proxy servers can also be used to filter requests, for example, to prevent its employees from accessing a specific set of Web sites.
Unfortunately, proxy servers are not optimized for caching, and do not scale under heavy network loads. In addition, because the proxy is in the path of all user traffic, two problems arise: all traffic is slowed to allow the proxy to examine each packet, and failure of the proxy software or hardware causes all users to lose network access. Expensive hardware is required to compensate for the low software performance and the lack of scalability of proxy servers.
Proxies also require configuration of each user's browser-a costly and unscalable management task for service providers and large enterprises. In addition, proxy servers that are arranged in a hierarchical fashion form an additional overlay network, contradicting any plans to strategically converge disparate networks into a single, unified network.
Standalone Caches
In response to the shortcomings of proxy servers, some vendors have created standalone caches. These caching-focused software applications and appliances are designed to improve performance by enhancing the caching software and eliminating other slow aspects of proxy server implementations. While this is a step in the right direction, these standalone caches are not network integrated, resulting in higher costs of ownership and making them less desirable for wide-scale deployment.
Browser-Based Client Caching
Internet browser applications allow an individual user to cache Web pages (that is, images and HTML text) on his or her local hard disk. A user can configure the amount of disk space devoted to caching.
Figure: Cache configuration window to configure the amount of disk space devoted to caching in Netscape Navigator shows the cache configuration window for Netscape Navigator.
This setup is useful in cases where a user accesses a site more than once. The first time the user views a Web site, that content is saved as files in a subdirectory on that computer's hard disk. The next time the user points to this Web site, the browser gets the content from the cache without accessing the network. The user notices that the elements of the page--especially larger Web graphics such as buttons, icons, and images appear much more quickly than they did the first time the page was opened.
This method serves this user well, but does not benefit other users on the same network who might access the same Web sites. In Figure: Benefits gained by a single node using browser caching, the fact that User A has cached a popular page has no effect on the download time of this page for Users B and C.
Figure: Benefits gained by a single node using browser caching
WCCP Network Caching
- In 1997, Cisco developed WCCP, a router-cache protocol that localizes network traffic and provides "network-intelligent" load distribution across multiple network caches for maximized download performance and content availability.
- The cache component of the Cisco caching solution comprises network-integrated caching solutions-the Cisco Cache Engine 500 Series. They are network-integrated because they:
- Provide network management capabilities already available on traditional Cisco networking gear (such as Cisco IOS CLI and RADIUS support), resulting in minimized management and operational costs.
- Are inherently designed and implemented as caching-specific networking hardware, rather than being standalone server platforms adapted as caches. Thus, the high-density Cisco Cache Engines physically integrate better into the network infrastructure as network extensions transparently insert into existing network infrastructures and adapt to unusual network conditions, resulting in minimized deployment and operational costs and greater content availability.
The cache engine was designed from the ground up as a loosely coupled, multinode network system optimized to provide robust shared network caching. The cache engine solution comprises the Web Cache Control Protocol (a standard feature of Cisco IOS software) and one or more Cisco cache engines that store the data in the local network.
The Web Cache Control Protocol defines the communication between the cache engine and the router. Using the Web Cache Control Protocol, the router directs only Web requests to the cache engine (rather than to the intended server). The router also determines cache engine availability, and redirects requests to new cache engines as they are added to an installation.
The Cisco cache engine is a single-purpose network appliance that stores and retrieves content using highly optimized caching and retrieval algorithms. (See the Figure: Cisco cache engine connected to a Cisco IOS router)
Figure: Cisco cache engine connected to a Cisco IOS router
Transparent Network Caching
A cache engine transparently caches as follows:
- A user requests a Web page from a browser.
- The WCCP-enabled router analyzes the request, and based on TCP port number, determines if it should transparently redirect it to a cache engine.
- If a cache engine does not have the requested content, it sets up a separate TCP connection to the end server to retrieve the content. The content returns to, and is stored on, the cache engine.
- The cache engine sends the content to the client. Upon subsequent requests for the same content, the cache engine transparently fulfills the requests from its local storage.
A cache engine transparently caches as shown in Figure: Transparent Network Caching:
Figure: Transparent Network Caching
Because the WCCP router redirects packets destined for Web servers to a cache engine, the cache engine operates transparently to clients. Clients do not need to configure their browsers to point to a specific proxy server. This is a compelling feature for ISPs and large enterprises, for whom uniform browser configuration is expensive and difficult to manage. In addition, the cache engine operation is transparent to the network-the router operates entirely in its normal role for nonredirected traffic.
Hierarchical Deployment
Because a Cisco Cache Engine is transparent to the client and to network operation, customers can easily place cache engines in several network locations in a hierarchical fashion. For example, if an ISP deploys a Cache Engine 590 at its main point of access to the Internet, all of its points of presence (POPs) benefit (Figure: Hierarchical Implementation of Cache Engines (ISP)). Client requests hit the Cisco Cache Engine 590 and are fulfilled from its storage. To further improve service to clients, ISPs can deploy the Cache Engine 590 or 570 at each POP. Then, when a client accesses the Internet, the request is first redirected to the POP cache. If the POP cache is unable to fulfill the request from local storage, it makes a normal Web request to the end server. Upstream, this request is redirected to the Cisco Cache Engine 590 at the main Internet access point. If the request is fulfilled by the Cisco Cache Engine 590, traffic on the main Internet access link is avoided, the origin Web servers experience lower demand, and the client experiences better network response times.
Figure: Hierarchical Implementation of Cache Engines (ISP)
Enterprise networks can apply this hierarchical-transparent architecture to benefit in the same way as shown in Figure: Hierarchical Implementation of Cache Engines (Enterprise):
Figure: Hierarchical Implementation of Cache Engines (Enterprise)
Scalable Clustering
The Cisco caching solution was designed to enable network administrators to easily cluster cache engines to scale high traffic loads. This design approach allows customers to linearly scale performance and cache storage as cache engines are added. For example, a single Cisco Cache Engine 590 can support a 45-Mbps WAN link and 144 GB of cache storage; adding a second Cisco Cache Engine 590 provides support for a 90-Mbps WAN link and 288 GB of cache storage. Up to 32 cache engines can be clustered together.
This linear scalability is achieved because of the manner in which WCCP-enabled routers redirect traffic to cache engines. WCCP-enabled routers perform a hashing function on the incoming request's destination IP address, mapping the request into one of 256 discrete buckets. Statistically, this hashing function distributes incoming requests evenly across all buckets. In addition, these buckets are evenly allocated among all cache engines in a cluster. WCCP-enabled routers ensure that a certain cache engine deterministically fulfills requests for a certain destination IP address on the Internet. Empirically, this distribution algorithm has consistently demonstrated even load distribution across a cache engine cluster. Most of the popular Web sites have multiple IP addresses, thus preventing uneven load distribution.
When the customer adds a new cache engine to the cluster, the WCCP-enabled router detects the presence of the new cache engine and reallocates the 256 buckets to accommodate the additional cache engine. For example, the simplest installation using one router and one cache engine assigns all 256 buckets to the single cache engine. If a customer adds another cache engine, the WCCP-enabled router redirects packets to the two cache engines evenly-128 buckets are allocated to each cache engine. If the customer adds a third cache engine, the WCCP-enabled router assigns 85 or 86 buckets to each of the three cache engines.
Customers can hot-insert cache engines into a fully operating cache cluster. In this situation, the WCCP-enabled router automatically reallocates the buckets evenly among all cache cluster members, including the new cache engine. Because a new cache engine will not have any content, it will incur frequent cache misses until enough content has been populated in its local storage. To alleviate this cold startup problem, the new cache engine, for an initial period, sends a message to the other cache cluster members to see if they have the requested content. If they have the content, they will send it to the new cache engine. Once the new cache engine determines it has retrieved enough content from its peers (based on configurable numbers), it will handle cache misses by directly requesting the content from the end server rather than from its peers.
Fault Tolerance and Fail Safety
If any cache engine in a cache cluster fails, the cluster automatically heals itself. The WCCP-enabled router redistributes the failed cache engine's load evenly among the remaining cache engines. The cache cluster continues operation using one less cache engine, but operation is otherwise unaffected.
The Cisco network caching solution enables an WCCP-enabled, Multigroup Hot-Standby Router Protocol (MHSRP) router pair to share a cache engine cluster, creating a fully redundant caching system. This is referred to as WCCP multihoming. If the WCCP-enabled router fails, existing Cisco IOS fault tolerance and fail-safe mechanisms are applied. For example, a hot-standby router could dynamically take over operations, redirecting Web requests to the cache cluster.
If an entire cache cluster fails, the WCCP-enabled router automatically stops redirecting traffic to the cache cluster, sending clients' Web requests to the actual destination Web site in the traditional fashion. This loss of the entire cache cluster can appear to users as an increase in download time for Web content, but has no other significant effect. This designed-in, failsafe response is made possible because the cache cluster is not directly in line with clients' other network traffic.
WCCP Multihome Router Support
As previously mentioned, the Cisco network caching solution enables a cache engine cluster to home to multiple WCCP-enabled routers for added redundancy. Thus, Web traffic from all of the WCCP home routers will be redirected to the cache cluster. For example, a cache engine cluster that is homing to both routers in a MHSRP router pair creates a fully redundant caching system, eliminating any single points of failure (Figure: Fully Redundant Cache Engine Cluster Configuration).
Figure: Fully Redundant Cache Engine Cluster Configuration
Overload Bypass
With a sudden Web traffic surge, a cache engine cluster could become overloaded. To gracefully handle this overload situation, each cache engine detects when it is overloaded, refuses additional requests, and forwards them to the origin Web servers. The origin Web servers respond directly to the clients because the bypassed requests were not handled by a cache engine (Figure: Overload Bypass).
Figure: Overload Bypass
The overloaded cache engine will resume accepting requests when it determines that it has the resources to do so without retriggering overload bypass in the near future. The overload bypass on/off triggers are automatically determined by CPU and file system load. In the extreme situation that the cache engine becomes so overloaded that it is unable to respond to the basic WCCP status check messages from its home router, the WCCP home router will remove the cache engine from the cluster and reallocate its buckets.
Thus, overload bypass ensures that a cache engine cluster does not introduce abnormal latencies and maintains network availability even under unusually high traffic conditions.
Dynamic Client Bypass
Some Web sites require clients to be authenticated using the client's IP address. However, when a network cache is inserted between a client and a Web server, the Web server only sees the cache's IP address and not the client's IP address.
To overcome this issue and similar situations, the Cisco Cache Engine has a dynamic client bypass feature that effectively allows clients, under certain conditions, to bypass cache engines and directly connect to origin Web servers. The result is that a Cisco Cache Engine can preserve existing source IP authentication models and pass through server error messages to clients. Because the cache engine dynamically adapts to these situations, less management is required to ensure cache transparency.
Dynamic Client Bypass Function
In Figure: Dynamic Client Bypass, a client issues a Web request, which is redirected to a cache engine. If the cache engine does not have the content, it will try to fetch the content from the origin Web server.
Figure: Dynamic Client Bypass
In Figure: Dynamic Client Bypass, if the server responds to the cache engine with certain HTTP error return codes (such as 401-Unauthorized request, 403-Forbidden, or 503-Service Unavailable), the cache engine will invoke the dynamic client bypass feature. The cache engine will dynamically store a client IP-destination IP address bypass pair, so that future packets with this IP address pair will bypass the cache engine. The cache engine sends an automatic HTTP retry message to the client's browser.
Figure: Dynamic Client Bypass
In Figure: Dynamic Client Bypass, when the client's browser automatically issues a reload, the request will be redirected to the cache engine. However, when the bypass table is checked and the request matches one of the table entries, the cache engine will refuse the request and send it directly to the origin Web server. Thus, the origin Web server will see the client's IP address, authenticate the client, and respond directly to the client.
Figure: Dynamic Client Bypass
Reverse Proxy Caching
Cache engines are frequently deployed nearby clients to ensure faster network response time and minimal WAN bandwidth usage. Thus, the caches are caching the clients' most frequently accessed content. In addition, cache engines can also be deployed in front of Web server farms to increase the server farm capacity and improve Web site performance. This configuration is called reverse proxy caching because the cache engines are only caching content from the servers for whom they are acting as a front-end.
This feature is particularly important when cache engines are acting as a front-end for server farms in which certain content is dramatically more popular than other content on the servers. Using reverse-proxy caching allows administrators to prevent a small number high-demand URLs from impacting overall server performance. Better yet, this means the high-demand URLs do not have to be identified, manually replicated, or independently managed from the bulk of the URLs on the servers.
Reverse Proxy Caching Function
In Figure: Reverse Proxy Caching, each cache engine homes to WCCP-enabled routers/switches that are supporting server farms. When an incoming Web request reaches an WCCP-enabled router, the router performs a hashing function on the incoming request's source IP address and port number, mapping the request into one of 256 discrete buckets. Statistically, this hashing function distributes incoming requests evenly across all buckets. In addition, these buckets are evenly allocated among all cache engines in a cluster.
Because the hashing function is based on source IP address and port number instead of destination IP address, a given Web object could be stored in multiple cache engines in a cluster. By spreading popular content across a cache cluster, reverse proxy caching allows multiple cache engines to service requests for very popular content. Thus, additional cache engines can be added to a cluster to incrementally scale the performance of a popular site and decrease content download latency.
Note that hashing on a destination IP address could also do the reverse-proxy caching. But in this case, all requests would have the same destination IP address and would be redirected to one cache engine. If you do not need to scale beyond one cache engine act as a front-end to a server farm, then this method is sufficient.
Figure: Reverse Proxy Caching
Ensuring Fresh Content
A requirement for any caching system is the ability to ensure that users see the same content from a network cache as they would from the Web. Every Web page comprises several Web objects and each Web object has its own caching parameters, determined by content authors and HTTP standards (see the "HTTP Caching Standards" section). Thus, even a Web page with real-time objects typically has many other objects that are cacheable. Rotating ad banners and Common Gateway Interface (CGI)-generated responses are examples of objects that are typically noncacheable. Toolbars, navigation bars, GIFs, and JPEGs are examples of objects that are typically cacheable. Thus, for a given Web page, only a few dynamic objects need to be retrieved from the end server, while static objects can be fulfilled locally.
Cisco Cache Engine products deliver fresh content by obeying the HTTP caching standards and by enabling cache administrators to have control over when content should be refreshed from origin Web servers.
HTTP Caching Standards
HTTP 1.0 and 1.1 are caching standards, which specify caching parameters for each object on a Web page.
HTTP 1.0 allows content authors to enable a "Pragma: no cache" header field for any object that should not be cached and allows authors to enable content to be cached indefinitely.
HTTP 1.1 allows content authors to specify how long content is to be cached. For each object on a Web page, content authors can choose among the following caching attributes:
- Noncacheable
- OK to cache (the default setting)
- Explicit expiration date
HTTP 1.1 has a freshness revalidation mechanism called If-Modified-Since (IMS) to ensure that cached data is up to date. A cache engine will send a lightweight IMS request to the end Web server when the cache engine receives requests for cached content that has expired or IMS requests from clients where the cached content is more than a configured percentage of its maximum age. If the object has not been modified on the end server since the object was cached, the end server will return a lightweight message indicating that the cache engine can deliver its cached copy to clients. If the object has been modified on the end server since the object was cached, the end server will return this information to the cache engine. If the case of the client issuing an IMS request, and the content is less than a configured percentage of its maximum age, the cache will serve the content without checking if it is fresh.
Cache Engine Content Freshness Controls
Administrators can control the freshness of Web objects in a cache engine by configuring a parameter called the freshness factor, which determines how fast or slow content expires. When an object is stored in the cache, its time-to-live (TTL) value is calculated using the following formula: TTL value = (Current date - last modified date) * Configurable freshness factor
When an object expires, based on its TTL value, the cache engine will issue an IMS request the next time the object is requested (see "HTTP Caching Standards" section for a description of the IMS process).
If an administrator wants to adopt a conservative freshness policy, he or she can set the freshness factor to a small value (such as 0.05), so that objects expire more quickly. But the disadvantage to this approach is that IMS requests will be issued more frequently, consuming extra bandwidth. If an administrator wants to adopt a liberal freshness policy, the fresh factor can be set to a larger value, so that objects will expire more slowly and the IMS bandwidth overhead will be smaller.
Browser Freshness Controls
Finally, clients can always explicitly refresh content at any time by using the browser's reload/refresh button.
The reload/refresh command is a browser-triggered command to request a data refresh. A reload/refresh will issue a series of IMS requests asking for only data that has changed.
The shift+reload/shift+refresh command is an extension of the reload/refresh command. In correctly implemented browsers, this command always triggers a "pragma: no cache" rather than an IMS request. As a result, cache engines are bypassed and the end server directly fulfills all content.
Much of the traffic on the Web is redundant, meaning that users in the same location often access the same content over and over. Eliminating a significant portion of recurring telecommunications offers huge savings to enterprise and service providers.
Caching is the technique of keeping frequently accessed information in a location close to the requester. The two key benefits are:
- Cost
- Improved usability
Implementing caching technology in a network accelerates content delivery, optimizes WAN bandwidth, and enables content monitoring.
Cisco has created a network-integrated cache engine by pairing system-level software and hardware.
Review Questions
Q - On what concept is network caching based?
A - Based on the assumption that users access the same content over and over.
Q - What are two secondary benefits of implementing caching technology?
A - 1. Secure access and control.
2. Operational logging-administrators can log how many hits sites receive.
Q - Provide a brief description of network-integrated caching technology.
A - Network-integrated caching technology combines system-level software and hardware. Network-integrated caches must be managed like network equipment, designed like high-density hardware, and transparently inserted into the network.
Q - How do Cisco cache engines ensure that web pages are kept up to date?
A - By obeying HTTP caching standards that dictate which elements on a page can be cached and which cannot. Those that are not are retrieved from the source every time they are accessed.
Q - Name an object that can be saved in cache memory, and one that cannot.
A - Saved in cache: rotating banners, GIFs and JPEGs, toolbars, navigation bars. Noncacheable: CGI-generated responses.


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Dolphins coach Tony Sparano clarified the rumors about Dan Carpenter and his kicking situation a tiny bit this afternoon.
Carpenter his a tweaked groin. It's worrisome enough that Miami is working out kickers. Sparano downplayed the idea Carpenter, who is now questionable for the game after suffering the injury sometime Thursday, might be replaced prior to the Buffalo game.
That doesn't mean it won't happen. Doesn't mean it will. I did, however, chuckle when Sparano was pressed on the Carpenter thing for a third question. Looks like at the end of a week of preparation, dealing with a small media contigent, coach didn't feel like discussing the top much further.
Check it out:
(On trying out kickers) - "Well we have not yet. Some point this afternoon here. We have a workout scheduled this afternoon."
(On if there is a problem with Dan Carpenter)- "Well you're going to get the injury report any minute now. On the injury report you're going to see that Carp (Dan Carpenter) is on the injury report with a little groin thing. Late yesterday afternoon, early eve it got a little bit sore so we're just trying to cover our bases here. That's all. No five alarm fire yet."
(On Dan Carpenter's injury) - "Listen, I just told you what I told you. That's all I'm going to tell you today."
(On playing a divisional game and the intensity that comes along with it) - "It's a big game, obviously a big game. Every game is a big game but the division games are the biggest games. There's some crazy stuff going on around the league right now every single game that's played. You look at some of the records. Short of the Green Bay Packers and couple other teams it's just nobody running away from anybody. All these games are big games. Every week matters. For us this is the next week. We're excited about getting a chance to do it here at home. Playing a heck of a football team here in Buffalo."
(On if he worries about his guys being too loose) - "Honestly we're not any looser right now than we were for the first bunch of weeks. It's just you guys are probably paying attention to it a little bit more because we've won a couple games. This group has been pretty loose all the way through this. They've managed to keep a real level head whether we obviously put ourselves in the hole that we ourselves in or won a couple games. They've been kind of the same, honestly. There's been one or two days that are frustrating days through this process but the leaders have been really solid."
(On toughest part of preparing on a short week) - "The toughest part is probably wasting time here (laughing). I don't mean that in a bad way. I have Dallas Cowboy film. I have practice film. So there's a bunch of things that we really have to do still here. I mean, some of the guys will be putting together game plans tonight. Obviously, finalizing game plans here tonight for Buffalo and then moving on to Dallas stuff and actually because we have to hand the players something on Monday. It ain't going to happen on Sunday although some of us will be right in here after the game Sunday so that's probably the hardest thing. For the players, it's easy to shrink the focus down to just the game. The game in front them they're not looking past anything right now because they're smart enough to know this is what's in front of them right now. They're not worried about anything down the road."
(On continuing to limit Buffalo's takeaways) - "Well, obviously what you can try to do here from our end is just it doesn't have to do anything from a coaching standpoint I don't think. I just think all parties involved in the ball game us starting fast and continuing to do what we do or have done I should say is going to be important. We talk a lot about here and how we won a few games and how we played well in several games. And maybe how we lost some games I think that our guys are pretty aware of what we need to control. Buffalo is going to come in here ready to play. They're a well coached team. And obviously they lost a couple games here, but the beginning of the season here. Those guys came out here on fire playing outstanding have been playing outstanding. So you can look at the last game if you want and draw an opinion on it one way or the other. I don't think it's a smart thing to do against this team. I think that you really have to look at the whole body of work here and understand turnovers played a large part in that game against Dallas."
(On Anthony Fasano making progress with his injury) -"Yeah, sure did."


text:
Respite Care
There are times when caregivers need a helping hand. It may be a need to attend a special event or just to get a well-deserved break. Diversicare offers respite services to provide care when the caregiver cannot. Our team is experienced in caring for individuals with a wide variety of service needs, including decline in memory. We offer respite care that can provide peace of mind for the caregiver and a positive, social experience for the person served. Services provided include:
- 24 hour nursing
- Medication administration
- Dietician approved meals
- Assistance with personal activities of daily living
- Activities and socialization opportunities
Please contact your local facility for details.


text:
Beware to those who take pride in the accuracy of their mock draft boards: Things might not be as they appear.
An NFL executive told CBSSports.com in a Tuesday report that "half of the teams in the top 10 are trying to trade out."
An intriguing statement, so let's try to break it down: The Indianapolis Colts are obviously staying put at No. 1, and the Washington Redskins would make America fear for their mental health if they traded out of the No. 2 slot only one month after mortgaging their future to get there.
The Minnesota Vikings are next up at No. 3, and general manager Rick Spielman said last week the team won't be afraid to make a move.
"If we want to get out of that pick, we'll (determine) what it will take to get out of that pick," Spielman said. "Plus you have to be careful of how far you would want to go back (down in the draft). You have to know what you're looking at, depending on how far you go back. Are you getting yourself out of the (range of) the supposedly blue-chip type of players?"
If the Vikings stay put, it's believed they'll take USC All-American Matt Kalil, who's considered the only sure thing in the draft at offensive tackle. If a quarterback-hungry team wants to snatch Texas A&M's Ryan Tannehill before the Cleveland Browns pick at No. 4, Minnesota could have some nice leverage.
The rest of the top 10 consists of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, St. Louis Rams, Jacksonville Jaguars, Miami Dolphins, Carolina Panthers and Buffalo Bills. There are a whole lot of wild cards who could help themselves by gaining additional picks.


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Sun Causes Climate Change Shock
- Details
- Hauptkategorie: News
- Kategorie: Allgemein
- Erstellt: Samstag, 19. November 2011 19:21
- Zuletzt aktualisiert: Montag, 22. Juli 2013 14:33
- Veröffentlicht: Samstag, 19. November 2011 19:21
- Geschrieben von Jutta Reichardt
- Zugriffe: 4433
From: http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/jamesdelingpole/100102296/sun-causes-climate-change-shock/
If Michael Crichton had lived to write a follow-up to State of Fear, the plotline might well have gone like this: at a top secret, state of the art laboratory in Switzerland, scientists finally discover the true cause of "global warming". It's the sun, stupid. More specifically – as the Danish physicist Henrik Svensmark has long postulated – it's the result of cosmic rays which act as a seed for cloud formation. The scientists working on the project are naturally euphoric: this is a major breakthrough which will not only overturn decades of misguided conjecture on so-called Man Made Global Warming but will spare the global economy trillions of dollars which might otherwise have been squandered on utterly pointless efforts to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, these scientists have failed to realise just how many people – alarmist scientists, huckster politicians, rent-seeking landowners like (the late Michael Crichton's brilliant and, of course, entirely fictional creation) the absurd, pompous Sir Reginald Leeds Bt, green activists, eco-fund managers, EU technocrats, MSM environmental correspondents – stand to gain from the Man Made "Climate Change" industry. Their discovery must be suppressed at all costs. So, one by one, the scientists on the cosmic ray project find themselves being bumped off, until only one man remains and must race against time to prove, etc, etc…
Except of course in the real world the second part wouldn't happen. No one would need to go to the trouble of bumping off those pesky scientists with their awkward, annoying facts and their proper actual research. That's because the MSM and the scientific "community" would find it perfectly easy to suppress the story anyway, without recourse to severed brake cables or ricin-impregnated hand-washes or staged "suicides".
This is exactly what has happened with the latest revelations from CERN over its landmark CLOUD experiment, whose significance Lawrence Solomon explains here:
The science is now all-but-settled on global warming, convincing new evidence demonstrates, but Al Gore, the IPCC and other global warming doomsayers won't be celebrating. The new findings point to cosmic rays and the sun — not human activities — as the dominant controller of climate on Earth.
The research, published with little fanfare this week in the prestigious journal Nature, comes from über-prestigious CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, one of the world's largest centres for scientific research involving 60 countries and 8,000 scientists at more than 600 universities and national laboratories. CERN is the organization that invented the World Wide Web, that built the multi-billion dollar Large Hadron Collider, and that has now built a pristinely clean stainless steel chamber that precisely recreated the Earth's atmosphere.
In this chamber, 63 CERN scientists from 17 European and American institutes have done what global warming doomsayers said could never be done — demonstrate that cosmic rays promote the formation of molecules that in Earth's atmosphere can grow and seed clouds, the cloudier and thus cooler it will be. Because the sun's magnetic field controls how many cosmic rays reach Earth's atmosphere (the stronger the sun's magnetic field, the more it shields Earth from incoming cosmic rays from space), the sun determines the temperature on Earth.
So if it's so great, why aren't we hearing more about it? Well, possibly because the Director General of CERN Rolf-Dieter Heuer would prefer it that way. Here's how he poured cold water on the results in an interview with Die Welt Online:
I have asked the colleagues to present the results clearly, but not to interpret them. That would go immediately into the highly political arena of the climate change debate. One has to make clear that cosmic radiation is only one of many parameters.
Nigel Calder, who has been following the CLOUD experiment for some time, was the first to smell a rat. He notes:
CERN has joined a long line of lesser institutions obliged to remain politically correct about the man-made global warming hypothesis. It's OK to enter "the highly political arena of the climate change debate" provided your results endorse man-made warming, but not if they support Svensmark's heresy that the Sun alters the climate by influencing the cosmic ray influx and cloud formation.
The once illustrious CERN laboratory ceases to be a truly scientific institute when its Director General forbids its physicists and visiting experimenters to draw the obvious scientific conclusions from their results
Lubos Motl, too, detects some double standards here:
One could perhaps understand if all scientists were similarly gagged and prevented from interpreting the results of their research in ways that could be relevant for policymaking. However, the main problem is that many people who are trying to work on very different phenomena in the climate are not prevented from interpreting – and indeed, overinterpreting and misinterpreting – their results that are often less serious, less reliable, and less rigorous, perhaps by orders of magnitude, than the observations by the European Organization for Nuclear Research.
Moreover, this sentence by Heuer
One has to make clear that cosmic radiation is only one of many parameters.is really a proof of his prejudice. Whether the cosmic radiation is just one player or the only relevant player or an important player or an unimportant player is something that this very research has been supposed to determine or help to determine. An official doesn't have the moral right to predetermine in advance what "one has to make clear" about these a priori unknown scientific results.
But then, as Lawrence Solomon reminds us, this was never an experiment the scientific establishment wanted to happen in the first place.
The hypothesis that cosmic rays and the sun hold the key to the global warming debate has been Enemy No. 1 to the global warming establishment ever since it was first proposed by two scientists from the Danish Space Research Institute, at a 1996 scientific conference in the U.K. Within one day, the chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Bert Bolin, denounced the theory, saying, "I find the move from this pair scientifically extremely naive and irresponsible." He then set about discrediting the theory, any journalist that gave the theory cre dence, and most of all the Danes presenting the theory — they soon found themselves vilified, marginalized and starved of funding, despite their impeccable scientific credentials.
The mobilization to rally the press against the Danes worked brilliantly, with one notable exception. Nigel Calder, a former editor of The New Scientist who attended that 1996 conference, would not be cowed. Himself a physicist, Mr. Calder became convinced of the merits of the argument and a year later, following a lecture he gave at a CERN conference, so too did Jasper Kirkby, a CERN scientist in attendance. Mr. Kirkby then convinced the CERN bureaucracy of the theory's importance and developed a plan to create a cloud chamber — he called it CLOUD, for "Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets."
But Mr. Kirkby made the same tactical error that the Danes had — not realizing how politicized the global warming issue was, he candidly shared his views with the scientific community.
"The theory will probably be able to account for somewhere between a half and the whole of the increase in the Earth's temperature that we have seen in the last century," Mr. Kirkby told the scientific press in 1998, explaining that global warming may be part of a natural cycle in the Earth's temperature.
The global warming establishment sprang into action, pressured the Western governments that control CERN, and almost immediately succeeded in suspending CLOUD. It took Mr. Kirkby almost a decade of negotiation with his superiors, and who knows how many compromises and unspoken commitments, to convince the CERN bureaucracy to allow the project to proceed. And years more to create the cloud chamber and convincingly validate the Danes' groundbreaking theory.
Still, as you'd expect, the BBC remains dutifully on-message. Read this report by its science correspondent Pallab Ghosh and you'll be left in little doubt that a) the latest results are dull beyond measure and b) that if they do mean anything at all, it's that global warming is still very much man-made. Here's their tame expert, Reading University's Dr Mike Lockwood, on hand to provide them the perfect pull-quote:
Does this mean that cosmic rays can produce cloud? – No"
PS Welcome to all you American readers brought here by Drudge. Please come again. And if you want to read more about how the environmental movement got so powerful, how the junk scientists got away with it for so long, and why so many people fell for the biggest most expensive scam in history, you might enjoy my new book on the subject – Watermelons: the Green Movement's True Colors. (Also available on Kindle)


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2010 Dufour 325 Grand Large
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The new Dufour 325 completes the Dufour range of comfortable cruisers from 30 to 53 feet: with a length only 32 feet, she offers an unusual lot of interior space for 6 people to live on board and sail in full comfort. Both available with steering wheel or a tiller, she is easy to be sailed and manoeuvred single handed. Standard she comes with a mainsail tackle on the roof, to liberate the full length cockpit seats. Fine tune trimming is possible with a track in the cockpit. The Dufour 325 has quite a deep standard draft of 1.85 m, ideal for good performance, or she comes with a keel of 1.55 m, for shallower waters.
Additional Specs, Equipment and Information:
Designer: Umberto Felci / Patrick Roséo
Keel: Other
Hull Shape: Monohull
LOA: 33 ft 1 in
Beam: 11 ft 2 in
LWL: 28 ft 3 in
Maximum Draft: 6 ft 1 in
Dry Weight: 10340 lbs
Engine Options
Engine Option 1: 1x 19 HP
Fresh Water Tanks: (41 Gallons)
Fuel Tanks: (23 Gallons)
Additional Description
Teak trimmed seats, GRP sole.
Large side locker with lid fitted with padlock hasps.
Rudder stock head under helmsman's sole for installing the emergency tiller.
Engine lever and control panel easily available to the helmsman.
Transom open in centre by removing helmsman's seat giving access to the swimming/boarding platform.
Gas cylinder locker in aft port seat.
Life raft stowage in starboard cockpit locker.
Cockpit shower in aft locker.
Folding bathing ladder.
Additional Description
All joinery work is in prime Moabi mahogany, with fiddles, mouldings and framings in solid wood.
All Cabin doors have a blocking system which keeps doors open where required.
Soles are in Moabi laminated floor boards.
Saloon cushions and cabin mattresses have removable covers.
The upper cabin linings are in Moabi wood, the bottom in cream vinyl.
Additional Description
12 V DC system.
Switchboard with circuit breakers, voltmeter, 12V outlet.
1 x 60 Ah engine battery.
1 x 60 Ah house battery.
Battery switch for each circuit.
Additional Description
L-shaped galley with a large worktop in synthetic stone.
Stainless steel sink.
Chrome plated brass mixer tap for pressurised water.
Cooker with a two burner stove with oven on gimbals.
12V refrigerator unit with minimum capacity 120 litres, stowage box, and separation.
Crumb tray under sole.
Additional Description
VOLVO 19 hp (13.8 KW).
Sail-drive transmission.
Heat exchanger, anti-siphon valve.
Control panel close to helmsman,with hour meter, and tachometer.
Alternator with battery isolator.
Approximately 90 litre fuel tank with a gauge on the electrical switchboard.
Fuel filter with water separator.
Emergency fuel shut-off handle.
Engine room ventilation blower, and two ventilation hoses.
Two-blade fixed propeller.
Multiple access to the engine. Independent engine bilge.
Quality sound proofing with high idensity foam.
Additional Description
Teak handrails on coachroof. Teak toerail.
Self-draining chain locker with eye bolt and integrated windlass bracket, lid with locking bolt.
Stemhead fitting anchor roller.
Pulpit with wooden step and separate port/startboard navigation lights.
Pushpits with horseshoe buoy bracket, flag pole holder, navigation lights, and opening cable gate with hook.
Stanchions with two levels of life line.
Four aluminium mooring cleats.
Single stainless steel chainplate for cap shrouds/aft lower shrouds.
Two chainplates for backstay.
Two deck fillers, one for water and one for fuel.
Mainsheet tackle on the roof.
Boomvang with 4:1 purchase.
Genoa sheet tracks with piston lead blocks.
Genoa sheet turning blocks on coaming.
One x four sheave deck organizer for halyard returns, mainsail sheet and reefing lines.
Stainless steel swan neck electric/electronic cable gland.
Four clutches on roof.
One x 32.2 ST halyard winch on roof.
Two x 32.2 ST Genoa winches on coamings close to the helmsman.
2 winch handles with holder.
Owner's briefcase with owner's manual.
Rigging and Sails
Anodised aluminium mast with double swept backed spreaders, rigged 9/10, deck stepped.
Anchor and steaming lights.
Boom topping lift cleat.
Anodised aluminium boom equipped with a two single line reefing system.
Genoa furler.
Grounded rigging system.
Continuous standing rigging in single strand stainless steel cable and chrome plated bronze turnbuckles including: Forestay, double backstay, cap shrouds, inter and lower shrouds
Pre-stretched running rigging including: Main and Genoa halyards, boom topping lift, Main and Genoa sheets, two reefing lines, outhaul line, furling line, boom vang tackle.
Mainsail equipped with two broad reef bands, with battens and bag.
Furling Genoa with anti- UV protection.
*This price is based on today's currency conversion rate.
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Our readers may not be into Ashton Kutcher's new beard, but wife Demi Moore seems to love her husband's scruffy new look. The ever-elegant Moore playfully caressed her husband's thick beard at the launch party for Donna Karan's ten-day Wellness Forum at the Stephen Weiss Studio in Manhattan last week. "They were really cute together," an observer told PEOPLE. "They stuck together the whole time, and they were sitting together holding hands." Kutcher and Moore, who was dressed in a curve-hugging Donna Karan sapphire dress, were excited to help Karan launch the series of seminars about incorporating eastern medicine into western medicine practices. Kutcher even helped Donna design the logo for the forum, says an insider. "Donna said that he's very artistic, so she looked to him for guidance." Does that mean we can expect heavy beards at her next show?
Photo: Kevin Mazur/WireImage


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Oct. 9, 2005
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. - The MIT women's tennis team wrapped up regular-season action in the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference by defeating Clark University, 9-0, Saturday afteroon. The win gives the Engineers (6-2, 6-1 NEWMAC) the No. 2 seed for the Championship Tournament to be held on Oct. 22 at Babson College.
Mariah Hoover and Serena Lin defeated Emily Slack and Mika Sneddon, 8-0. Jusleen Karve and Jill Konowich earned a victory by the same margin in the No. 3 spot. Joanna MacKay and Elaine Ni cruised to an 8-1 win over Alycia Weiner and Ashley Faden.
In singles action, Hoover, Karve, and Lisa Shank each shutout their opponents. Yi Wang recorded a 6-1, 6-0 win as she defeated Sneddon in the No. 2 position. MacKay also posted the same result in her match against Weiner. Karina Pikhart rounded out the scoring with a 6-4, 6-1 victory over Rebecca Brenner in the No. 6 slot.
Clark University vs. MIT
Final Team Score: MIT 9, Clark 0
1. Mariah Hoover/Serena Lin (M) def. Emily Slack/Mika Sneddon (C), 8-0
2. Joanna MacKay/Elaine Ni (M) def. Alycia Weiner/Ashley Faden (C), 8-1
3. Jusleen Karve/Jill Konowich (M) def. Kristen Domurad/Emily Luhrs (C), 8-0
1. Mariah Hoover (M) def. Emily Slack (C), 6-0, 6-0
2. Yi Wang (M) def. Mika Sneddon (C), 6-1, 6-0
3. Joanna MacKay (M) def. Alycia Weiner (C), 6-1, 6-0
4. Jusleen Karve (M) def. Ashley Faden (C), 6-0, 6-0
5. Lisa Shank (M) def. Kristen Domurad (C), 6-0, 6-0
6. Karina Pikhart (M) def. Rebecca Brenner (C), 6-4, 6-1


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Homeland Security Gets Walmart To Tell You To Inform On Your Neighbors
from the are-they-serious? dept
More bizarre is the Walmart tie-in. As you check out, you'll see a video from Homeland Security boss Janet Napolitano reminding customers to watch and report any "suspicious activity."
Does anyone in Homeland Security actually think this sort of thing is effective? I think most people know perfectly well to report anything really suspicious that they see. But seeing Janet Napolitano's talking head at Walmart checkouts telling people to keep an extra special eye out just feels creepy and Big Brother-ish.


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This atmospheric and cinematic track starts off with a mixture of two elements: suspenseful and disturbing sound design and scary and eerie electronic textures and synth drones. This almost sinister intro is then quickly followed by pulsating and constantly growing drum beats and percussion. The latter introduces an agressive, powerful drum beat, solo guitar tune and epic rhythm guitar riff which plays pretty much throughout the rest of the track.
If You buy You recieve 2 versions of full track. (one of them You can hear on preview file, second one has no rhythm guitar sound) And also 2 Looped versions. Don't forget to rate this track if You buy. I need Your support!
Files included:
Depard – Three Wishes (WAV/MP3) [2:31] (preview 0:00-2:31)
Depard – Three Wishes Without Rhythm Guitar(WAV/MP3) [2:31] (preview 2:32-5:01)
Loop A(WAV/MP3) [0:15]
Loop B (WAV/MP3) [0:30]


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help on making pastafarian club
Discuss ways to spread the Word and bring His Noodly Appendage to everybody.
Moderator: All Things Mods
5 posts • Page 1 of 1
- eterpage
- Gnocchetti Galley Slave
- Posts: 62
- Joined: Sun Dec 02, 2007 5:53 am
- Location: raleigh NC
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help on making pastafarian club
k so i accidentaly posted this thread but as long as i have it.... can anyone help me make a pastafarian club at school? like tell me how. i recruited 4 people. no one has a clue how to make it
hahah great pirate song i found. like our theme song, just not.
hahah great pirate song i found. like our theme song, just not.
- Almighty Doer of Stuff
- Brewmeister
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- Mad Willyum Bonney
- Admiral of Incomprehensibility
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- thelastpirate
- Vermicelli Vizier
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Re: wrong forum
eterpage wrote:i think this is in the wrong forum so i dont wanna say it
Youll have to post this in every forum that isnt the right one.
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Sunday, July 27th 2003, 11:30am
Tuesday, July 15th 2003, 4:33pm
by tmostad
Saturday, July 12th 2003, 11:24am
Thursday, July 10th 2003, 11:24am
by drpete3
Thursday, July 10th 2003, 10:02am
by tmostad
Thursday, July 10th 2003, 10:00am
by tmostad
Tuesday, July 1st 2003, 12:30pm
Tuesday, July 1st 2003, 12:28pm
Tuesday, July 1st 2003, 7:59am
by drpete3
Monday, June 30th 2003, 1:12pm
by tmostad


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Despite the nation's unemployment rate remaining at elevated levels, there are some industries straining to hire qualified workers.
Continue Reading Below
The 2008 financial crisis changed the economic landscape and the way companies and employers staff their payrolls. A flagging economy and the declining demand for products and services are causing companies to really fight for relevancy and growth, says Gary Burnison, CEO of recruiting firm Korn/Ferry International.
Remaining relevant in this economy is every company's challenge right now, says Jody Miller, Business Talent Group's chairman and CEO—a battle they must win by developing innovative products, penetrating new markets and expanding core assets.
Job seekers need to recognize this shift in the labor market and use it to their advantage to secure employment. Companies are creating new positions and, in many instances, putting a heavier emphasis on cross-industry expertise and experience, and candidates need to prove they can meet the new requirements.
For example, Burnison says the chief performance officer (CPO) will become an important new corporate function and use results data to optimize workforce performance.
CEOs will demand leaders with high people skills, high learning agility, incredibly high self-awareness and an insatiable appetite to learn and grow, says Burnison.
Cross-pollination and collaborative, creative and unstructured environments will begin to permeate everything, says Cecily Sommers, global trend analyst and author of Think Like a Futurist.
Hot Jobs Within Growing Industries
CIOs. From the fast-paced consumer goods and retail companies to hospitals, these experts can quickly assess the current environment and identify cost-cutting measures and process and performance improvement, according to Miller.
Data Ninja. Companies want people with "Big Data" know-how to manage and leverage data into new markets, more sales and increased revenue and the metrics to measure progress-to-goal, Miller says.
Mobile Specialist. Experts on mobile sales and marketing are in hot demand, says Miller, as consumers increasingly use their mobile phones to shop, search and communicate.
Data Scientist. Clients appreciate these applicants' cross-industry experience in discovering insights and the discipline they apply to problem solving, says John D'Urso, managing partner at Knowledgent. Because these individuals didn't exist in Fortune 100 companies, there is a perceived shortage, but they come from a cadre of statistical programmers who specialized in tools like Saas. Now R-enablement technology has enabled them to increasingly look at greater volumes and varieties of data types.
Health Care
Six Sigma. People with this credentialing are in demand since they are known to enhance, make more efficient and rein in costs in the often wasteful health care industry, says David Jones, president of Growth Ventures and author of Million-Dollar Hire.
Physician Executive. Doctors will no longer just be doctors; now they're saddled with profit and loss, employee development and performance responsibilities.
Global Supply Chain Leaders. Complexity and the changing nature of the position is driving demand for the difficult responsibilities of this role, says Burnison. Low-cost and high-quality manufacturing facilities and a seamless supply chain are priorities for budget-strapped companies and these executives must understand the chain end-to-end: procurement, manufacturing, transportation, logistics and customer service. The leader must be aware of better and more cost effective vendors globally in addition to being able to anticipate demand changes and cost shifts based on global capital and labor markets.
Pricing Experts. These professionals have the know-how to assess pricing strategy, says Miller, and typically come out of major consulting firms where they learn the skill.
VP/Chief Marketing Officers for Industrial Businesses. Industrial businesses have traditionally been good at producing and selling items, but lack marketing skills, says Burnison. To gain market share, they need to create demand and product/service differentiation in B2B and B2C markets. The good ones understand how to wrap services and solutions around a product to create a benefit for the buyer.
The Global Local Executive. The world is changing to one-to-one marketing and industrial/manufacturing executives that can infiltrate markets with precision are in big demand and must design, innovate, be micro-market focused and understand value-added products.
Skilled trade workers. Manufacturers are challenged by the dearth of employees trained in trade skills. Workers who can assess production line problems and fix them quickly are at a premium, according to Jones.
Retail/Consumer Industry
Big Data and Online Social Experts. The demand for these workers is high in a slowing consumer economy. Companies are looking to better understand consumer buying habits and patterns and deliver personalized information via devices, the intersection of the social enterprise and business.
Life Sciences
Head of Global R&D Operations. Research efforts will increase as companies work to discover new active ingredients for drugs in early-stage development. Development will focus on commercialization through medical affairs and clinical operations, says Burnison.
Ontologists. Ontologists help business constituencies and research scientists access data from multiple information repositories. Skilled at developing taxonomies, ontologists help develop the business vocabulary for development of efficient search applications for R&D scientists. In great demand, ontologists are people with library science degrees or people who have worked in an organizational research function, says D'Urso.
Data scientists. These individuals typically have a Ph.D in math or economics and can extract computation algorithms and apply it to business analytics: e.g., a demand for a company's products, says D'Urso.
Social Media experts. They enable sentiment analysis to more effectively target marketing dollars and capture measurement of effective promotional spend by helping pharmaceutical companies effectively identify communities of interest-targeted audiences for specific drugs, D'Urso says.


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University teams will be competing in the 2015 VT KnowledgeWorks Global Student Entrepreneurship Challenge during the VT KnowledgeWorks Global Partnership Week in Blacksburg and Roanoke, Virginia, USA, August 16-22, 2015.
VT KnowledgeWorks Global Student Entrepreneurship Challenge Showcase of Teams
Tecnológico de Monterrey – Monterrey, Mexico
Business concept and description:
Gift Wizard
Gift Wizard is an app that will help you find the perfect gift, whether it's a birthday, a wedding, a graduation or just any occasion. With just a few questions our wizard will help you find the perfect gift.
Pictured left to right: Mónica Lozano, Omar Garza, Balbina Santana, Daniel Ortiz, and Amado Ortiz.
Watch the video to learn more about Gift Wizard.
For more information about Tecnológico de Monterrey, visit their Facebook page or follow them on Twitter.
The Sixth Annual VT KnowledgeWorks Global Partnership Week will be held August 16 – 22, 2015.
VT KnowledgeWorks Global Partnership Week offers university students and faculty from all over the world a chance to collaborate, form partnerships, build their global networks, and congregate in Blacksburg and Roanoke, Virginia. Members of the partnership gather annually during a week-long Global Partnership event hosted by VT KnowledgeWorks, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Virginia Tech, and citizens and businesses of the Roanoke-Blacksburg region.
Keep in the know about VT KnowledgeWorks through Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.
VT KnowledgeWorks encourages and enables creative entrepreneurship world-wide, through innovative curriculum, local business resource centers, and a global network of cooperating regions, all focused on three essential contributors to success: clear understanding of fundamental business principles; access to timely, relevant information; and meaningful personal and corporate relationships. It is a subsidiary of the Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, supported by the continuing confidence and enthusiasm of its clients, sponsors and friends, both corporate and individual. Its world headquarters are in Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
VT KnowledgeWorks Sponsors
Automation Creations, Inc., BAE Systems, BB&T, The Branch Group, Inc., Brown, Edwards & Company, LLP, CIT GAP Funds, City of Roanoke, Fox 21/27, G.J. Hopkins, Inc., Interactive Achievement, Inc., Meridium, Montgomery County, Virginia Economic Development Department, National Bank, New River Valley Intellectual Property Law, Plastics One Inc., Rackspace, Shentel, SimulTV, SunTrust Bank , TechLab, Third Security, Town of Blacksburg, Town of Christiansburg, Union Bank & Trust, UXB International, Inc., Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Virginia Tech's Outreach and International Affairs, VPT, Inc, Wordsprint.


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Emerging nations around the world are often heralded for their fast growth, but we don't often hear about the downsides of that rapid development.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released a report on air quality in countries around the globe, on which we based a list of the ten most polluted countries. Almost all the worst offenders are either major oil and gas producers, or emerging economies that are growing rapidly.
The WHO study looked at air quality in 91 countries, measured by the amount of PM10 particles per cubic meter. PM10 particles are particles of 10 micrometers or less that can cause diseases and infections. According to the WHO, PM10 levels above 20 micrograms per cubic meter can cause health risks. The top ten most polluted countries have PM10 levels from six times to 14 times that level.
So, which countries have the world's worst air quality? Click ahead to find out.
By: Rajeshni Naidu-Ghelani
(Posted: Oct. 5, 2011)


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This font was created using FontCreator 6.0 from High-Logic.com
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Alex - Brawley Skater Profile
Sponsors: Emerica (Flow), Brotherhood Skateshop, Pile Hardware
Hometown: Naples FL, Stance: Regular, Age: 27, Status: Am
Last Update: Thursday, June 28, 2012 Submit an Update
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Taylor Swift Goes Brunette! Her Country Classic Hair Looks
Taylor Swift may not be much of a shock artist (except when it comes to smashing sales records and topping highest-paid lists), but Swift certainly surprised fans by recently dyeing her signature blonde locks brown! In her latest ads for CoverGirl, the singer flaunts a more grown up look with her new brunette hair. Let's take a peek at what led up to Swift's big change by checking out the country star's hairstyles throughout the years - By Tiffany Lee


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Angelina Jolie: Arts & Crafts Afternoon with Shiloh & Vivienne!
Angelina Jolie and her kids Shiloh, 7, and Vivienne, 5, go to an arts and crafts store together on Sunday afternoon (September 15) in Sydney, Australia.
The 38-year-old actress is down under with all six of her children while working on her upcoming directorial feature Unbroken. She was most recently seen catching a flight for a scouting trip with two of the kids.
Angie's ex-husband Billy Bob Thornton recently spoke out about her being the recipient of this year's Humanitarian Oscar and had nothing but praise to say.
"I am absolutely proud. No one deserves it more, when you put your life out there like she has it is humbling for the rest of us," Billy Bob told FOX411. "This is someone who can just go along and be a star, but instead she really puts herself out there for people, and no one deserves it more."
FYI: Vivienne is wearing Havaianas.
35+ pictures inside of Angelina Jolie heading to the arts & crafts store…


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John Tanner - Surprise [Unsigned Artist]
Music video by John Tanner for Surprise, Surprise.
Twitter: @johntanner__
IG: @johntanner__
Mixtape "Good Morning Mr. Tanner" coming soon
Directed by: Ron Vann Dam
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