text:
In the name of Allah, the Most-Merciful, the All-Compassionate
As-Salaam Alaikum Wa-Rahmatullahi Wa-Barakatuhu
"May the Peace and Blessings of Allah be Upon You"
Praise be to Allaah, we seek His help and His forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allaah from the evil of our own souls and from our bad deeds. Whomsoever Allaah guides will never be led astray, and whomsoever Allaah leaves astray, no one can guide. I bear witness that there is no god but Allaah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.
Eid: Etiquette And Rulings
Sheikh Muhammad Salih Al-Munajjid
The Muslims are distinguished by their festivals
The Prophet's words "Every nation has its festival, and this is your festival" indicate that these two Eids are exclusively for the Muslims, and that it is not permissible for Muslims to imitate the kuffaar and mushrikeen in anything that is a distinctive part of their celebrations, whether it be food, dress, bonfires or acts of worship.
Muslim children should not be allowed to play on those kaafir festivals, or to put up decorations, or to join in with the kuffaar on those occasions.
All kaafir or innovated festivals are haraam, such as anniversaries of revolutions, holidays celebrating trees or accessions to the throne, birthdays, Labour Day, the Nile festival, Shimm al-Naseem (Egyptian spring holiday), teachers' day, etc.
The Muslims have no festivals apart from Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adhaa, because of the hadeeth narrated from Anas (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) came to Madeenah and the people had two days when they would play and have fun. He said, 'What are these two days?' They said, 'We used to play and have fun on these days during the Jaahiliyyah. The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, 'Allaah has given you something better than them, the day of Adhaa and the day of Fitr.'" (Sunan Abi Dawood, 1134)
These two Eids are among the signs or symbols of Allaah which we must celebrate and understand the aims and meanings behind them.
There follows a discussion of some of the rulings and manners of the two
Eids according to Islamic shareeah
1 – Ahkaam al-Eid (Rulings on Eid)
It is haraam to fast on the days of Eid because of the hadeeth of Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri (may Allaah be pleased with him), who said that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade fasting on the day of Fitr and the day of Sacrifice (Adhaa). (Reported by Muslim, 827)
Ruling on the Eid prayers
Some of the scholars say that Eid prayers are waajib (obligatory) – this is the view of the Hanafi scholars and of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him).
They say that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) always prayed the Eid prayer and never omitted to do it, not even once. They take as evidence the aayah (interpretation of the meaning), "Therefore turn in prayer to your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only)" [al-Kawthar 108:2], i.e., the Eid prayer and the sacrifice after it, which is an instruction, and the fact that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered that the women should be brought out to attend the Eid prayers, and that a woman who did not have a jilbaab should borrow one from her sister.
Some scholars say that Eid prayer is fard kifaaya. This is the view of the Hanbalis.
A third group say that Eid prayer is sunnah muakkadah. This is the view of the Maalikis and Shaafais. They take as evidence the hadeeth of the Bedouin which says that Allaah has not imposed any prayers on His slaves other than the five daily prayers. So the Muslim should be keen to attend Eid prayers, especially since the opinion that it is waajib is based on strong evidence. The goodness, blessings and great reward one gets from attending Eid prayers, and the fact that one is following the example of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) by doing so, should be sufficient motivation.
Essentials and timing of Eid prayer
Some scholars (the Hanafis and Hanbalis) say that the conditions of Eid prayer are that the iqaamah should be recited and the prayer should be offered in jamaaah (congregation). Some of them said that the conditions of Eid prayer are the same as the conditions for Friday prayer, with the exception of the khutbah, attendance at which is not obligatory. The majority of scholars say that the time for the Eid prayer starts when the sun has risen above the height of a spear, as seen by the naked eye, and continues until the sun is approaching its zenith.
Description of the Eid prayer
Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: "The prayer of Eid and al-Adhaa is two complete rakahs, not shortened. This is according to the words of your Prophet, and the liar is doomed."
Abu Saeed said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to come out to the prayer-place on the day of Fitr and al-Adhaa, and the first thing he would do was the prayer."
The Takbeer is repeated seven times in the first rakah and five times in the second, the Quraan is to be recited after each.
It was reported from Aaishah: the Takbeer of al-Fitr and al-Adhaa is seven in the first rak'ah and five in the second, apart from the takbeer of rukoo. (Reported by Abu Dawood; saheeh by the sum of its isnaads)
If a person joining the prayer catches up with the imaam during these extra takbeeraat, he should say "Allaahu akbar" with the imaam, and he does not have to make up any takbeeraat he may have missed, because they are sunnah, not waajib.
With regard to what should be said between the takbeeraat, Hammaad ibn Salamah reported from Ibraaheem that Waleed ibn Uqbah entered the mosque when Ibn Masood, Hudhayfah and Abu Moosa were there, and said, "Eid is here, what should I do?" Ibn Mas'ood said: "Say 'Allaahu akbar', praise and thank Allaah, send blessings on the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and make du'aa', then say Say 'Allaahu akbar', praise and thank Allaah, send blessings on the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)…etc." (Reported by al-Tabaraani. It is a saheeh hadeeth that is quoted in al-Irwaa' and elsewhere).
Recitation of Quraan in Eid prayers
It is recommended (mustahabb) that in the Eid prayers the imaam should recite Qaaf [soorah 50] and Aqtarabat al-saa'ah [al-Qamar, soorah 54], as it is reported in Saheeh Muslim that 'Umar ibn al-Khattaab asked Abu Waaqid al-Laythi, "What did the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to recite at [Eid] al-Adhaa and al-Fitr?" He said, "He used to recite Qaaf. Wa'l-Qur'aan al-majeed [Qaaf 50:1] and Aqtarabat al-saa'ah wa anshaqq al-qamar [al-Qamar 54:1].
Most of the reports indicate that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to recite Soorat al-A'laa [87] and Soorat al-Ghaashiyah [88], as he used to recite them in the Friday prayer. Al-Nu'maan ibn Bishr said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to recite on the two Eids and on Fridays, Sabbih isma rabbika'l-a'laa [al-A'laa 87:1] and Hal ataaka hadeeth al-ghaashiyah [al-Ghaashiyah 88:1]." (Saheeh Muslim, 878).
Samurah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to recite on the two Eids, Sabbih isma rabbika'l-a'laa [al-A'laa 87:1] and Hal ataaka hadeeth al-ghaashiyah [al-Ghaashiyah 88:1]." (Reported by Ahmad and others; it is saheeh. Al-Irwaa', 3/116)
The prayer comes before the khutbah
One of the rulings of Eid is that the prayer should come before the khutbah, as is reported in Musnad Ahmad from the hadeeth of Ibn Abbaas, who testified that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) prayed before the khutbah on Eid, then he gave the khutbah." (Musnad Ahmad, 1905. The hadeeth is also in al-Saheehayn).
Anyone who wants to leave during the khutbah is allowed to do so
Abd-Allaah ibn al-Saaib said: "I attended Eid with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and when he finished the prayer, he said: "We will give the khutbah, so whoever wants to sit (and listen to) the khutbah, let him sit, and whoever wants to leave, let him go.'" (Irwaa' al-Ghaleel, 3/96)
Not delaying the prayer for too long
Abd-Allaah ibn Bishr, the companion of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), went out with the people on the day of Fitr or al-Adhaa, and objected to the fact that the imaam came very late. He said, "At the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) we would have finished by now," and that was at the time of al-Tasbeeh ." (Reported by al-Bukhaari )
Naafil prayers in the prayer-place
There are no naafil prayers to be done either before or after the Eid prayer, as Ibn Abbaas reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to come out on the day of Eid and pray two rak'ahs, with nothing before or after them.
This is the case if the prayer is offered in a prayer place or public place. If, however, the people pray the Eid prayer in a mosque, then they should pray two rak'ahs for Tahiyat al-Masjid ("Greeting the mosque") before sitting down.
If people did not know about Eid until the next day
Abu Umayr ibn Anas reported from his paternal uncles among the Ansaar who said: "It was cloudy and we could not see the new moon of Shawwaal, so we started the day fasting, then a caravan came at the end of the day and told the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) that they had seen the new moon of Shawwaal the day before, so he told the people to stop fasting, and they went out to pray the Eid prayer the next day." (Reported by the five. It is saheeh; al-Irwaa', 3/102)
If someone misses the Eid prayer, the most correct view is that he may make it up by praying two rakahs.
Women's attendance at Eid prayers
Hafsah said: "We used to prevent prepubescent girls from attending Eid prayers. Then a woman came and stayed at the fort of Banu Khalaf, and told us about her sister. Her sister's husband had taken part in twelve campaigns with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and [she said], 'my sister was with him on six of them. She said, "We used to treat the wounded and take care of the sick. My sister asked the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) whether there was anything wrong with her not going out [on Eid] if she did not have a jilbaab. He said, 'Let her friend give her one of her jilbaabs so that she may witness the blessings of Eid and see the Muslims gathering.'"' When Um 'Atiyah came, I asked her, 'Did you hear the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) [say this]?' She said, 'May my father be sacrificed for him' – and she never mentioned him without saying 'may my father be sacrificed for him' – 'I heard him saying that we should bring out the young girls and those who were secluded, or the young girls who were secluded, and the menstruating women, so that they could witness the blessings of Eid and see the gathering of the believers, but those who were menstruating were to keep away from the prayer-place itself." (Saheeh al-Bukhaari, 324).
"Her jilbaabs" – she should lend her some of her clothes that she does not need.
"Secluded" – they would have a curtain in the corner of the house behind which virgins would stay.
"Menstruating women" – huyyad, sing. haa'id – this may refer either to girls who have reached the age of puberty, or women who are having their period and are not taahir (pure).
"Menstruating women should avoid the prayer-place itself" – Ibn al-Munayyir said: "The reason why they should avoid the prayer-place is that if they stand with the women who are praying even though they are not praying, it may appear that they have no respect for the prayer or are careless, so it better for them to avoid that."
The hadeeth urges everyone to attend Eid prayer, and to co-operate with one another in righteousness and piety. The menstruating woman should not forsake the remembrance of Allaah or places of goodness such as gatherings for the purpose of seeking knowledge and remembering Allaah – apart from mosques. The hadeeth also indicates that women should not go out without a jilbaab.
This hadeeth tells us that it is not proper for young women and women in seclusion to go out except for a valid reason. It states that it is preferable (mustahabb) for a woman to wear a jilbaab, and that it is permissible to lend and borrow clothes. It also indicates that Eid prayer is obligatory (waajib).
Ibn Abi Shaybah also narrated that Ibn Umar used to take whoever he could of his household out to the Eid prayers.
The hadeeth of Umm Atiyah also states the reason for the ruling, which is so that women may witness the blessings of Eid, see the gathering of the Muslims, and share the blessings and purification of this day.
Aadaab al-Eid (Etiquette of Eid)
Ghusl (taking a bath)
One of the manners of Eid is to take a bathe before going out to the prayer. It is reported in a saheeh report in al-Muwatta' and elsewhere that 'Abd-Allaah ibn 'Umar used to take a bath on the day of al-Fitr before coming to the prayer-place. (al-Muwatta' 428)
It was reported that Saeed ibn Jubayr said: "Three things are sunnah on Eid: to walk (to the prayer-place), to take a bath and to eat before coming out." This is what Saeed ibn Jubayr said, and he may have learned this from some of the Sahaabah.
Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) mentioned that the scholars were agreed that it is mustahabb to take a bath before the Eid prayer. The reason why it is mustahabb to take a bath before Friday prayer and other public gatherings also applies in the case of Eid, only more so.
Eating before coming out
One should not come out to the prayer-place on Eid al-Fitr before eating some dates, because of the hadeeth narrated by al-Bukhaari from Anas ibn Maalik who said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) would not go out on the morning of Eid al-Fitr until he had eaten some dates… and he would eat an odd number." (al-Bukhaari, 953)
It is mustahabb to eat before coming out because this confirms that we are not allowed to fast on this day, and demonstrates that the fast is now over. Ibn Hajar (may Allaah have mercy on him) explained that this is to prevent people extending the fast and it also means obeying the commandment of Allaah. (Fath, 2/446).
If a person does not have any dates, he can eat anything permissible for breakfast. On Eid al-Adhaa, on the other hand, it is mustahabb not to eat until after the prayer, when one should eat from the meat of one's sacrifice.
Takbeer on the day of Eid
This is one of the greatest sunnahs of this day, because of the words of Allaah (interpretation of the meaning): "… (He [Allaah] wants that you) must complete the same number (of days), and that you must magnify Allaah (say Takbeer – 'Allaahu akbar') for having guided you so that you may be grateful to Him." [al-Baqarah 2:185]
Al-Waleed ibn Muslim said: "I asked al-Oozaa'i and Maalik ibn Anas about saying Takbeer aloud on Eid. They said, 'Yes, 'Abd-Allaah ibn 'Umar used to say it aloud on the day of Fitr until the imaam came out.'"
Abu 'Abd al-Rahmaan al-Salami said: "On Eid al-Fitr they would say it louder than on Eid al-Adhaa." Wakee' said, "i.e., the takbeer." (Irwaa', 3/122).
Al-Daaraqutni and others reported that when Ibn 'Umar came out on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adhaa, he would strive hard in making Takbeer until he reached the prayer-place, then he would continue making Takbeer until the imaam came.
Ibn Abi Shaybah reported with a saheeh isnaad that al-Zuhri said: "The people used to make Takbeer on Eid when they came out of their houses until they reached the prayer-place and until the imaam came out. When the imaam came out, they fell silent, until the imaam said Takbeer, then they said Takbeer." (Irwaa', 2/121).
The practice of making Takbeer from home to the prayer-place, and until the imaam comes in, was well-known among the salaf and was reported by a number of authors such as Ibn Abi Shaybah, 'Abd al-Razzaaq and al-Firyaabi in his book Ahkaam al-'Eidayn from a group of the salaf. An example of this is the report that Naafi' ibn Jubayr used to make Takbeer and wondered why people did not do so. He would say to people, "Why do you not make Takbeer?" Ibn Shihaab al-Zuhri said, "The people used to make Takbeer from the time they left their homes until the imaam came in."
The time for making Takbeer on Eid al-Fitr starts from the night of Eid until the time when the imaam comes in to lead the prayer.
The wording of the Takbeer
Ibn Abi Shaybah reported in al-Musannaf that Ibn Mas'ood (may Allaah be pleased with him) used to say Takbeer on the days of Tashreeq as follows: "Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, laa ilaaha ill-Allaah, wa Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar wa Lillaahi'l-hamd (Allaah is Most Great… there is no god but Allaah, Allaah is Most Great, and to Allaah be praise)." Ibn Abi Shaybah reported it elsewhere with the same isnaad, but with the phrase "Allaahu akbar" repeated three times.
Al-Muhaamili also reported that Ibn Mas'ood used to say: "Allaahu akbaru kabeeran, Allaahu akbaru kabeeran, Allaahu akbar wa ajall, Allaahu akbar wa Lillaahi'l-hamd (Allaah is Most Great of All, Allaah is Most Great of all, Allaah is most Great and Most Glorious, and to Allaah be praise)." (al-Irwaa', 3/126).
Congratulating one another
People may exchange congratulations and good greetings on Eid, no matter what form the words take. For example they may say to one another, "Taqabbal Allaahu minnaa wa minkum (May Allaah accept [the fast and worship] from us and from you" or "Eid mubarak" and other similar permissible greetings.
Jubayr ibn Nufayr said: "At the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), when people met one another on the day of Eid, they would say, 'Taqabbal Allaahu minnaa wa minka (May Allaah accept from us and from you).'" (Ibn Hajar. Its isnaad is hasan. Fath, 2/446).
The practice of exchanging greetings was well-known at the time of the Sahaabah and scholars such as Imaam Ahmad and others allowed it. There are reports which indicate that it is permissible to congratulate people on special occasions. The Sahaabah used to congratulate one another when something good happened, such as when Allaah accepted a person's repentance and so on.
There is no doubt that congratulating others in this way is one of the noblest kinds of good manners and one of the highest social qualities among Muslims.
At the very least, one can return Eid greetings when they are given to you, and remain silent if nothing is said, as Imaam Ahmad (may Allaah have mercy on him) said: "If someone congratulates me, I return the greeting, but I do not initiate it."
Looking ones best for Eid
'Abd-Allaah ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: " 'Umar picked up a jubbah (long outer garment) made of silk that was for sale in the market, brought it to the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said, "O Messenger of Allaah, buy this and wear it for Eid and when the delegations come." The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, "This is the clothing of the one who has no share of the Hereafter…" (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 948).
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) approved of 'Umar's idea of looking one's best, but he rejected and denounced the idea of buying this jubbah because it was made of silk.
Jaabir (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) had a jubbah that he would wear on Eid and on Fridays." (Saheeh Ibn Khuzaymah, 1765).
Al-Bayhaqi reported that Ibn Umar used to wear his best clothes on Eid, so men should wear the best clothes they have when they go out for Eid.
Women, on the other hand, should avoid adornment when they go out for Eid, because they are prohibited from showing their adornment in front of non-mahrem men. A woman who wants to go out is forbidden to wear perfume or to show off in a tempting way in front of men, because she is only going out for the purpose of worship. Do you think that it is right for a believing woman to disobey the One Whom she is going out to worship and go against His commands by wearing attention-grabbing tight and brightly coloured clothes or by putting on perfume and so on?
Ruling on listening to the Eid khutbah
Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in his book al-Kaafi (p. 234): "When the imaam has said the salaam (at the end of the prayer), he should give a khutbah in two parts, like the two Friday khutbahs, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did this. (The Eid khutbah) differs from the Friday khutbahs in four ways … the fourth of which is: that it is sunnah and it is not obligatory to listen to it, because it was reported that 'Abd-Allaah ibn al-Saa'ib said: "I attended Eid with the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and when he had finished the prayer, he said: "We are going to give a khutbah, so whoever wishes to sit (and listen) to the khutbah, let him sit down, and whoever wants to leave, let him go.'"
Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in his book al-Majmoo' Sharh al-Muhadhdhab, p. 23: "It is mustahabb for people to listen to the khutbah, although the khutbah and listening to it are not essential conditions of the Eid prayer. But al-Shaafa'i said: 'If someone does not listen to the khutbah of Eid, at the time of an eclipse, when prayers for rain are offered, or during Hajj, or he speaks during one of these khutbahs, or leaves, I would not like this, but he does not have to repeat the prayer."
In al-Sharh al-Mumti' 'ala Zaad al-Mustanfi' by Ibn 'Uthaymeen, 5/192, it says: "[Ibn Qudaamah's] words, 'like the two Friday khutbahs' means that he should give two khutbahs, even though there is a dispute in this matter, as we have referred to above. The Eid khutbah is subject to the same rulings as the Friday khutbah, even to the point that speaking during it is haraam, but it is not obligatory to attend, whereas attendance at the Friday khutbah is obligatory, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "O you who believe! When the call for prayer on the day of Jumu'ah (Friday) is given, come to the remembrance of Allaah [Jumu'ah khutbah and prayer], and leave off business …" [al-Jumu'ah 62:9].
Attendance at the Eid khutbahs is not obligatory, and a person is allowed to leave, but if he stays he must not talk to anyone. This is what the author is referring to when he says 'like the two Friday khutbahs'."
One of the scholars said: "It is not obligatory to listen to the Eid khutbahs, because if it was obligatory to attend and listen to them it would be haraam to leave. But as it is permissible to leave, it is not obligatory to listen."
Nevertheless, if talking disturbs those who are listening, it is haraam to talk because of this disturbance, not because of not listening. On this basis, if a person has a book with him during the imam's Eid khutbah, it is permissible for him to read it, because this does not disturb anyone. But according to the madhhab followed by this author, it is obligatory to listen to the khutbah if one is present.
To go out one by one route and come back by another
Jaabir ibn 'Abd-Allaah (may Allaah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to vary his routes on the day of Eid. (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 986)
It was also reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to go out walking, and he prayed without any adhaan or iqaamah, then he would come back walking by a different route. It was said that this was so that the two different routes would testify in his favour on the Day of Resurrection, because on that Day the earth will speak about everything that was done on it, good and evil. It was also said that this was done in order to demonstrate the symbols and rituals of Islam along both routes; to pronounce the remembrance of Allaah; to annoy the hypocrites and Jews and to scare them by the number of people who were with him; to meet the people's needs by giving fatwas, teaching them and setting an example for them to follow; to give charity to those in need; or to visit his relatives and uphold the ties of kinship.
Warning against wrongdoing
1. Some people think that Islam tells us to stay up and pray on the night of Eid, quoting an unsound hadeeth which says that "whoever stays up and prays on the night of Eid, his heart will not die on the day when hearts die." This hadeeth was reported with two isnaads, one of which is da'eef (weak), and the other is very da'eef. Islam does not tell us to single out the night of Eid for staying up and praying; if, however, a person habitually stays up and prays at night (qiyaam), there is nothing wrong with him doing so on the night of Eid as well.
2. Mixing of men and women in some prayer-places, streets, etc. It is a pity that this happens not only in mosques but even in the most sacred of places, al-Masjid al-Haraam [in Makkah]. Many women – may Allaah guide them – go out uncovered ,wearing make-up and perfume, flaunting their adornment, when there is such serious overcrowding in the mosques – the dangers of this situation are quite obvious. So those who are in charge must organize the Eid prayers properly, by allocating separate doors and routes for women and delaying the men's departure until the women have left.
3. Some people get together on Eid for the purpose of singing and other forms of idle entertainment, and this is not permitted.
4. Some people celebrate on Eid because Ramadaan is over and they no longer have to fast. This is a mistake, the believers celebrate at Eid because Allaah has helped them to complete the month of fasting, not because the fasting ,which some people regard as a heavy burden, is over.
Permission is granted to circulate among private individuals and groups, to post on Internet sites and to publish in full text and subject title in not-for-profit publications.


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4 Secrets to Grow Your Business Independent of Your Role
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Win Corporate Clients - 3 Strategies That Will Drive Your B2B Sales
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Create More Personalized Email Messages for Better Results
In this webinar, presented by Jenna Shaffer with Constant Contact, we'll show you how to create more personalized email marketing efforts that get great results. Read more
Leveraging LinkedIn - How to Take Your Profile to Profit and Relationships to Revenue
Join this webinar and learn how to leverage LinkedIn for new business and referrals, to get found by your ideal clients and customers, for lead generation, and more. Read more
Where's the Money? 10 Small Business Loan Types & How to Qualify
Learn about the top 10 types of small business financing, how to prepare for financing, increase your approval odds, ways to overcome credit obstacles and more. Read more
Boost Your Local Search Results with a Better Online Presence
In this webinar, we will focus on what you need to know to optimize your website for local searches and take a step by step look at what you should do to be found in your local are Read more

subset: commoncrawl


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Flor de Guía Cheese
Flor de Guía cheeses
Which area of Spain is it typical?
- Autonomous region: Canary Islands
Flor de Guía Cheese is produced in the Guía and Gáldar Heights, in the north-western part of the island of Gran Canaria.
It is pale yellow in colour and is made with a mixture of cow's and sheep's milk. Its rind is whitish-yellow and the inside is compact, but with small spaces produced during fermentation. It is oily or very oily, its cylindrical shape is quite flat, with rounded edges and stripes on the faces. It is medium in size with a weight of over two kilos. It has a buttery taste and is easily melted. Made completely by hand, it uses vegetable curd obtained from the thistle flower, hence its name. This characteristic is what sets it apart from the rest of the Canary Island cheeses, which use kid curd and goat's or sheep's milk. Its texture is soft and elastic, as well as its characteristic flavour, soft but well developed, mixing both sweet and bitter components. It is usually eaten alone, although it is also used in a number of stews and vegetable soups.
More information
Product information
- Type of product: Others
- Season: Year-round.
- Origin: The production area is located in the north-west part of the island of Gran Canaria, in the towns of Guía and Galdar.
- To drink with it: Crianza and non-crianza red wines.
- Varieties: The varieties are oily and extra oily.
Nutritional information
- Energy: Average
- Cholesterol: Average
- Comments: Rich in calcium.


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Pioneers of TelevisionThe four-part series examines the people who left their imprint on sitcoms, late-night, variety and game shows in the early days of the medium. The program features interviews with legendary stars, including Dick Van Dyke, Mary Tyler Moore, Art Linkletter, Andy Griffith, Betty White, Phyllis Diller, Jim Nabors, Marlo Thomas, Jonathan Winters, Ed McMahon and Merv Griffin. Using never-before-seen images and showcasing timeless clips, the documentary examines the entertainers that provided the classic scenes that still amuse us today.
Visit the Pioneers of Television website
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D96 board settles on plan for Ames School
Last week the Riverside Elementary School District 96 Board of Education quickly coalesced around a design to build a 14,000-square-foot, two-story addition to the back of Ames School that is estimated to cost between $8.28 and $9 million.
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There are 20 regions in Italy, each with its own unique cuisine; Vic and Angelo's vast menu is influenced by the many regions throughout Italy, so whatever your favorite style of Italian food, Vic & Angelo's is probably serving it up, V&A-style of course.
To taste your way through Italy, Vic & Angelo's serves a Happy Hour menu seven days a week from 3-7pm at the indoor and outdoor bar; offering half priced appetizers and drinks.
The bar pretty much on any given day during Happy Hour is buzzing, while prime seats might be hard to come by the portions of the Antipasti and Starter menu certainly are not and are more than ample for sharing.
You name it and the cocktails are half price during the witching hours of 3-7pm; not surprising the classic Venetian cocktail of Aperol and Prosecco, (Aperol Spritz) is on the menu.
While not on the Happy Hour menu, a must do is the Vic & Angelo's Original Pizza. That sauce; oh that sauce is spot on. Loaded with zesty, zippy flavor. Everyone has their preferences on what makes a great pizza; and then there are those pizza people who take pizza-pie to a whole new level, always trying to find the next great one; I recommend taking a bite out of V&A's Original.
And after all that savory, a mighty big piece of sweet banana cream pie just might do ya.
Vic & Angelo's 290 East Atlantic Avenue, Delray Beach, Florida 33444


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You're not just getting an Audi. You're getting peace of mind.
Enjoy the many benefits of Audi ownership. The Audi Certified pre-owned Limited Warranty features 1 Year / Unlimited Miles of warranty coverage after the expiration of the new vehicle limited warranty or from the date of sale if the new vehicle limited warranty has expired. We also offer a comprehensive 300+ point dealer inspection, CARFAXA? Vehicle History Report, special financing and competitive interest rates, 24/7 roadside assistance including towing and trip interruption reimbursement, transferability of the Certified pre-owned Limited Warranty to a subsequent private owner, and more. At Audi, we're there for you every step of the way so you can focus on what you love to do most: driving.


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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic disease. It causes inflammation and fibrosis (scarring) of tissue in the lungs.
Idiopathic means the cause is not known.
Researchers think that IPF is an exaggerated and uncontrolled inflammatory response. This produces the scar tissue. What starts the cycle is not known. Over time, scarring surrounds the thin walled air sacs in the lungs. This makes the tissue thicker and stiffer. As a result, breathing becomes difficult. The lungs gradually lose their ability to pass oxygen to the rest of the body.
Risk Factors
IPF occurs most often in males and people aged 50 years and older. Other factors that may increase your chance of IPF include:
- Cigarette smoking
- Viral infection
- Occupational exposures to dusts containing wood, metal, silica, bacteria, and animal proteins or to aerosol sprays, gases, and fumes
- Certain medications
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Other family members with IPF
Over time, the symptoms get worse. This makes daily activities difficult. People with IPF gradually start to have some or all of these symptoms:
- Shortness of breath, at first only during or after physical activity, but later also when resting
- Dry cough
- Gradual weight loss
- Fatigue
- Enlargement of the fingertips or sometimes the toes
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Your bodily fluids and tissues may be tested. This can be done with:
- Blood tests
- Lung biopsy
Images may be taken of your lungs. This can be done with:
- Chest x-ray
- CT scan
- Bronchoscopy
Your lung function may be tested. This can be done with:
- Pulmonary function tests
- An exercise text
There is no known cure. The goal of treatment is to improve symptoms and slow the disease process. This is done by reducing inflammation and scarring. The tissue that is already scarred cannot be healed.
Medication is the main form of treatment. It does not work for everyone. Medications are used to:
- Reduce inflammation
- Inhibit immune response
- Slow the progression of the fibrosis
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
If present, GERD will need to be treated. This most often involves the use of medication and lifestyle changes.
Supportive Care
- Some people may need to receive oxygen. This will help them breathe.
- A pulmonary rehabilitation program may be needed to improve lung function.
- Get appropriate vaccinations to prevent lung infection, including a flu shot every year and the pneumonia vaccine.
A healthy lifestyle may also help slow the disease. This includes:
- Not smoking
- Eating a healthy diet
- Exercising regularly
- Resting when needed
- Lung transplantation may be considered for people with advanced IPF who do not respond to other treatments.
There is no proven way to prevent IPF. However, avoiding smoking and wearing masks for work in some occupations may help.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD
- Review Date: 06/2016 -
- Update Date: 06/20/2013 -


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Dec. 21, 2009
TEMPE, Ariz. - One thing is for sure, Arizona State's win over visiting UC Santa Barbara on Monday night was not an inside job.
On the strength of 15 three-point baskets, including eight from forward Rihards Kuksiks, the Sun Devils (9-3) defeated the Gauchos (4-4), 69-42. The loss was the fourth in a row for UCSB.
After Gaucho forward Sam Phippen hit a jump shot to open the game, Kuksiks made the first of his seven first half three-point baskets to give his team a 3-2 lead. After a basket by Jamelle McMillan, UCSB's James Powell made a three-pointer to tie the score at five.
That was the last tie of the game. McMillan made the first of his two three-point baskets to give ASU an 8-5 lead and the Sun Devils never looked back.
The Gauchos got back to within one twice, the final time at 11-10 on a three-pointer by Orlando Johnson with 14:11 remaining in the first half. James Nunnally scored off a rebound with 10:14 left, making it 19-16, but Kuksis completed a 13-0 run with another three-pointer as ASU seize a commanding 32-16 advantage with 3:27 to play.
Following a three-pointer by Nunnally - UCSB's final field goal of the half - McMillan hit a short jumper and Kuksis drilled another long three-pointer from the left corner to give the Sun Devils a 37-19 edge. A free throw by Johnson with 21 seconds left cut the gap to 37-20 at the half.
A lay-up by Jon Pastorek with 8:39 to go in the game got the Gauchos to within 15, 52-37, but they never got closer and trailed by as many as 29 before a Johnson lay-up in the waning seconds pushed the score to 69-42 and that was how it ended.
"We weren't very good on either side of the court," said UCSB head coach Bob Williams. "The 15 threes are a concern, but really 69 points isn't that bad, especially if you're getting some offense. We didn't get much offense after the first 10 minutes or so, and that is a concern."
For the third straight game, the Gauchos had problems shooting the ball. A stingy ASU defense limited UCSB to 17-of-47 from the field, 36.2%. They were 6-for-20 from three-point range, 30.0%. Another major trouble spot for the Gauchos was the free throw line as they made a paltry 2-for-9, 22.2%. In their last two games, they have now made just 13-of-31 shots from the line.
Santa Barbara was paced by Orlando Johnson who had 16 points and four rebounds. He made 6-of-12 shots overall and 3-of-6 from beyond the three-point line. No other Gaucho had more than five points. Lucas Devenny and Nunnally each had a team-high five rebounds.
Kuksiks had 24 and McMillan added 16 for ASU. Ty Abbott finished with 12 on four second half three-point baskets. McMillan also had five steals. Overall, the Sun Devils made 15-of-36 three-pointers, 41.7%. Overall, they shot 44.2% from the field.
The Gauchos will take three days off for Christmas before return to practice on Christmas night. They will travel to the Golden Bear Classic in Berkeley where they will take-on Furman on Monday, Dec. 28 at 5:00 p.m. On Tuesday, Dec. 29, UCSB will play either Cal or Utah Valley.
For years, the Gauchos have been exciting crowds in the Thunderdome. Through the years, legends were made in the 'Dome. Now, five former UCSB standouts are being saluted as "Legends of the Dome." The first legendary womens volleyball star, Roberta Gehlke, was unveiled Oct. 19, 2009. The first men's basketball legend will be unveiled on Jan. 23 before a 7:00 p.m. game against Cal State Fullerton. Three other legends will be introduced this year. The second men,s hoops legend will be unveiled prior to UCSB,s 4:00 p.m. Feb. 13 game against Long Beach State. Women's basketball legends will be honored on Feb. 11 before a 7:00 p.m. game against UC Riverside, and on Feb. 27 before a 2:00 p.m. Blue-Green Rivalry Series game against Cal Poly.


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Today I have purchased a domain but don't know how to manage this domain using cpannel? Please guide me in this concern.
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Your Cpanel contains the file manager where you can erase the document to add new account.
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■ Defining the infrastructure for the web content authoring environment.
■ Performing website maintenance
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Wow. Maybe the guy was suffering from some form of rock-crit
inferiority complex or something, because nothing could be further from
the truth. The set contains 106 tracks, laid out over the course of five
CDs, and presents a pretty convincing case that Ray's time with
ABC-Paramount Records was one of the strongest and most productive
associations of his career.
Acclaimed trombonist and member of the first family of jazz, Delfeayo Marsalis launches Sweet Thunder: Duke & Shak,
an original theatrical jazz production culled from live performances in
thirty-six locations across the country. The play was born from
Marsalis' affinity for the music of Duke Ellington and the poetry of Shakespeare: first brought to the musical stage in the 1957 production of Such Sweet Thunder at the Shakespeare Festival I Stratford, Canada. Both Ellington and Billy Strayhorn were invited to compose music in tribute to The Bard, and came up with 15 compositions for that date.
Fans pick the songs for the album
Jacqui hosted a gathering of about ninety people where she performed
twenty-five songs and let the listeners rate them on a scale of 1 to 5.
Without exception, the top fifteen rated songs did become the cuts
selected for the new album. Jacqui said that there was a little bit of
nervousness in letting her fans choose the songs, but when it was all
said and done, the fans made excellent choices.
"I think that a lot of the time fans are pretty much
right on. At least mine. I feel like they know me. And in this
particular case I wanted them to really know my heart in this album, and
I think that comes through."
"Acoustic smashing" continues
Jacqui Naylor made famous what she defined as "acoustic smashing," or
taking a jazz tune and a rock tune, and singing one while the band
plays the other in a seamless fashion. On this album, Jacqui smashes Surrey with the Fringe on Top with George Benson's Breezin.


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Why They're Unique
When you decide to take the first step, One Planet Solar will conduct a free solar site analysis which will determine the best type of system for your home. One Planet Solar techs will use solar tools such as the solar pathfinder pictured on the right, to evaluate shading at the property. The OPS team will then design a system to best meet your needs.
Led By: One Planet Solar is staffed by industry leading installers who take the greatest pride in all of their installations. The team is fully trained and well practiced in solar site analysis. One Planet Solar uses the most accurate information possible to allow their engineers to design a system custom tailored to your energy needs.


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Product Description
Benefits & Features
"I love these tights!","These are the best tights I have ever worn",Can I please keep them?" These were some of the statements given when the products were returned to us after the final product tests.
The A400 Women's Long Tights meet all the criteria expected from long sports tights. They are mainly plain-coloured with subtle reflective graphics allowing you to combine them with your existing wardrobe. Additionally, they feature compression from the calf to the upper thigh muscles. This means that you can carry out your workout more efficiently and your legs recover more quickly after your training. The A400 Women's Long Tights live up to the name "SKINS".
ADAPTIVE Technology assists in regulating your body temperature by cooling you down in warm conditions and keeping you warm in the cold. The major seams of the tights consist of so-called A-Seams which provide comfort and durability. The ankle cuffs are not stitched but feature bonded seams which not only optimise compression but also offer supreme comfort. Thanks to the lower rise cut the tights sit comfortably on the hips.
We've also added 360 degree reflectivity so you'll stand out on every level, in any light. by day it's sleek looking graphics made from premium reflective glass bead technology. At night, the graphics come alive to make you visible from up to 160 metres away!
The wide waistband offers a pocket in the back to store your key or your smart phone. Jogging, Yoga, Fitness – the A400 Women's Long Tights are ideal to be worn for any sport and will always make you look great!


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Sorry I'm a bit late in posting this but it's Colby's 1st gotcha day today! He really is my blonde Sunny. He's such a goofball and he makes me laugh every day.
HAPPY 1st GOTCHA DAY COLBY!!! I'm so glad that I added you to my cat family. You're such an energetic, goofy, happy boy. I love you very much Colbs.
One year ago:
As you can see he's gained some weight during his first year with me.


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Start with the short videos, explore the educational resources, and expand your knowledge with the scientist interviews and lectures.
Follow us: Get our newsletter Request a program or speaker
Explore model lessons, classroom tools, and professional development opportunities available from CU-Boulder. Use the search function above to find even more climate resources and information.
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for Climate and Energy
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Coast Guard cadets help avert Connecticut bus accident
Hartford — It was shortly after midnight when Coast Guard Academy cadet Ben Lesniak, traveling with his hockey team, noticed the bus was swerving across lanes on Interstate 95. The driver was losing consciousness.
With the bus traveling around 70 mph, Lesniak jumped out of his seat, took the wheel as his teammates moved the driver, and then brought the bus to a stop in the far left lane. Other cadets directed traffic around the bus as they waited for an ambulance to arrive.
"It was pretty wild," said Lesniak, a 21-year-old student from Butler, Pa. "Things were falling off the tables and out of the overhead containers."
Nobody was injured in the episode early Sunday on a stretch of Connecticut highway. The cadets, who are training to save lives at sea, are being credited with averting a potentially deadly interstate accident. The academy is planning to honor them today at an awards ceremony.
"I'm a firm believer that a good many of us would be dead" if the cadets had not reacted as they did, said Petty Officer Travis Fender, a medical corpsman who was traveling with the academy's club hockey team.
The bus was carrying 20 people back from a game Saturday against the Merchant Marine Academy in Kings Point, N.Y., when the driver appeared to fall ill. Lesniak, who had been listening to music near the front of the bus, heard a teammate repeatedly ask the driver if he was OK and helped grab the wheel as they passed through the New Haven area.
Cadet Alex Mead, 21, of Morristown, N.J., took the driver's hands off the wheel, but his foot was on the accelerator. He said the bus sped up and took a hard swerve before the cadets had full control.
"We came within 6 or 8 inches of slamming into the median, but they were able to pull the wheel right," Mead said.
It took about five minutes to bring the bus safely to a stop. While Lesniak took the driver's seat, another cadet tried to disengage the cruise control and look for an emergency brake. At one point, they accidentally opened the door, and one cadet held the other to keep him from falling out, said Fender, who attended to the driver at the front of the bus.
The academy said it did not have information on the condition of the driver.
Another cadet who was on the bus, J.W. Schultz of Atlanta, said he first thought it was a joke when he was told a teammate was driving the bus. After it came to a stop, he helped the driver off and walked to a light about 50 feet behind the bus to try to warn oncoming traffic.
"I was definitely nervous," he said.
T.J. Horner brings toughness from the football field to the basketball court
Waterford man on trial for setting fire, falsely reporting burglary


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Jeep Wrangler Axle Wrangling - Part 1Posted in How To: Transmission Drivetrain on March 14, 2014
Safety and reliability are the two most important build parameters. We want to be able to wheel hard on the weekend, but still make it to the office Monday morning. The more you push your rig off-road, the faster you will find its so-called soft spots. For many, an expensive, but common weak link is the stock rear axle. And depending on your specific wheeling rig, aftermarket axle support is either overwhelming or nearly non-existent.
While it's difficult to pick which axle is the right fit for every rig, there are important parameters to help narrow the field. Requirements such as ABS, speed sensors, and specific bolt patterns can knock out many junkyard options. Factoring in tire size, axle width, vehicle weight, and whether you plan to upgrade your front axle down the line are also part of the overall axle equation. Oh, yeah, and there's that whole issue of cost!
We're no strangers to swapping in axles, and as is the case with many of you, our rigs are constantly changing and evolving. Take our '97 Jeep Wrangler for example. Starting out with a 2.5L four-cylinder TJ, we've spent the past few years slowly transforming our cream-puff Wrangler into a formidable wheeling machine. A few years ago, we finally ditched the stock axles in favor of a pair of Trail Series 44 axles from Dynatrac. The Next Generation-style 44 axles use the larger Dana 44 gears, axleshafts, and lockers found in the '07-current Jeep Wrangler Rubicon.
At the time, the NG Dana 44 axles fit our needs perfectly and remained trouble free for many years. Eventually, our Jeep received a heart transplant that changed things quite a bit. Our new life source was a 5.9L V-8 from a '99 Dodge Durango. With the engine conversion came 37-inch tires, and of course, a heavy dose of power! After breaking a few axle parts and toying with larger tires, we decided to start our search for a stronger axle set that could fit our Wranglers growing needs.
There are literally dozens of axle options for the Wrangler platform. So many in fact, we decided to narrow the field slightly. Our main exclusion was high-pinion rear differentials. Why? Partly because Technical Editor Mansour prefers low-pinion rear axles, and since our Wrangler's wheelbase is stretched, the necessity of a high-pinion is greatly reduced (read more in the low- and high-pinion sidebars). Looking at low-pinion rear axles also allowed us to include more budget-friendly junkyard alternatives.
Ultimately, our next rear axle needs to be able to handle V-8 power, 37- to 42-inch tires, and support a vehicle that hopefully will never weigh over 5,000 pounds. We've narrowed our field of axle options to two aftermarket and two junkyard selections. Each has a strong case for making it under our Wrangler, but only one will take the cake. Be sure to check back for our next installment as we show you our axle of choice and what it took to place it under the Jeep.
Budget: Filet Mignon
Who: Dynatrac
What: ProRock 80
Why: If the 14-bolt is the ultimate junkyard axle, then Dynatrac's ProRock 80 might just be the ultimate aftermarket rear axle. It's worth noting that Dynatrac offers low-pinion 60 and 70 rear axles that fit our criteria as well, but the allure of a practically indestructible ProRock 80 is hard to resist. With a massive 11.25-inch ring gear and 4-inch axletubes, the ProRock 80 is designed to handle everything from 1-ton diesel trucks to mega-built wheeling machines. With only 1-inch less clearance than the ProRock 60 housing, the ProRock 80 provides ground clearance that other 1-ton axles can't touch. Gear ratios go up to 5.38 and options include disc brakes, custom widths, 35- or 40-spline axleshafts, and a traction aid of your choice. The massive full-float ProRock 80 would require us to change wheels and bolt patterns, and the added weight would be a little unwelcome. Overkill, sure, but sometimes that's OK.
Contact: Dynatrac
714/596-4461, www.dynatrac.com
Budget: Hamburger
Who: East Cost Gear Supply
What: Semi-float Dana 60
Why: East Coast Gear Supply's semi-float Dana 60 is offered as a bolt-in upgrade for the '97-'06 Jeep Wrangler TJ. The semi-float design uses Set 20 bearings (also known as "Big Bearing" outers) commonly found on fullsize trucks. The semi-float design is much lighter than that of a full-float 60, and more than capable of supporting our Wrangler. The Ford 8.8-inch disc brake kit that comes with the axle would allow us to retain our stock e-brake cables and not overwhelm the factory master cylinder. Each axle comes with 35-spline chromoly axleshafts standard, which are drilled for 5-on-5½ and 5-on-4½. This means we could keep our current bolt pattern and wheels. Gear ratios from 3.55 to 5.38 are available along with a variety of traction aids and differential covers. The cast Dana 60 differential doesn't have as much ground clearance as some of the high-pinion units on the market, but the strength trade-off with the low-pinion gearset is worth it to us.
Contact: East Cost Gear Supply
919/672-2705, www.eastcoastgearsupply.com
Budget: PB&J
Who: Dana-junkyard
What: Full-float Dana 60
Why: The Dana 60 rear is an easy junkyard find. Placed under Ford, Dodge, GM, and Jeep platforms, you can source a full-float low-pinion Dana 60 rear with relative ease. The aftermarket support for these axles is tremendous, but not all are alike or desirable. Most are fitted with heavy drum brakes, which is something we would definitely ditch. Finding one fitted with 35-spline 'shafts is more difficult, as the majority were fitted with 30-spline 'shafts. Moving up to 35-spline axleshafts would require machine work, but we could convert the axle to a semi-float rear at the same time with readily available aftermarket axleshafts.
Stock semi-float versions do exist, but most are C-clip, so, no thanks. Maybe the two biggest hurdles are axle width and bolt pattern. You can pay to have the axle narrowed to come in closer to the Jeep's stock width, but it takes away some of the low-buck aspect axle. And machining the hub or purchasing an aftermarket unit to make it five-lug won't be cheap. This axle is best suited for those looking to move to full-width axles and don't mind jumping up to an eight-lug bolt pattern. Under a lightweight vehicle, the full-float 60 can easily handle our needs, but we're still not sold that it's the right one for us.
Budget: Ramen Noodle
Who: GM
What: 14-bolt
Why: When it comes to strength, availability, and price, it's hard to beat a GM 14-bolt. An extra pinion support, 10½-inch ring gear, 1½-inch axleshafts, and incredible aftermarket support have made the 14-bolt one of the top go-to rear axle upgrades. You can grab a 14-bolt from under ¾- and 1-ton GM trucks, vans or SUVs. Later-model axles will even have disc brakes, but easy-to-source axles will have drums. With a max torque rating of 6,242 pounds, the 14-bolt is equally as overkill as the ProRock 80 for our light Jeep. The fact that it would allow us to move in any direction from mega mudder to crazy rock bouncer does draw us in. The narrowest you will find a 14-bolt is 63 inches and from there it moves out to roughly 73 inches. Full-width and eight-lug is where you will be with this conversion, so for a rear-only swap, it isn't as desirable. Ground clearance is also a concern as the housing is larger than that of a standard Dana 60. You can gain a little clearance back by shaving the bottom of the housing, but again, time and expense can add up. At the end of the day, the 14-bolt has a lot going for it.
The drawback of the high-pinion rear diff is that it runs on the weaker (coast) side of the ring gear. For a heavy vehicle, this can equate to a demolished ring-and-pinion, even with something as tough as a Dana 60. Lighter rigs with modest horsepower and tire sizes are the best fit for a high-pinion rear. If you are unsure if high-pinion is right for your vehicle, the best advice is to take your 4x4 to the scales and discuss your vehicle with the axle manufacturer to ensure that your rig is getting what it needs.
Modern 4x4s are saturated with electronics. Differential tone rings, wheel speed and ABS sensors are not something that can be ignored or overlooked. We're lucky that our Wrangler's lone VSS (vehicle speed sensor) is attached to the transfer case and ABS is non-existent. For vehicles such as the '07-current Jeep Wrangler JK, late-model Ford F-series, Rangers, and many others, installing axles without appointments for tone rings and sensors can cause the vehicle to not operate and the dash to light up like a Christmas tree. Many aftermarket companies offer axle assemblies that can accept your vehicles sensors. Outfitting junkyard axles with the correct sensors is becoming increasingly popular, but the aftermarket is still slow to release parts that can retrofit old axles in new rigs.
Semi- or Full-Float
To determine whether your rig warrants a full-float or semi-float axle, it's important to understand the differences between the two. In a semi-float axle (the most commonly found rear axle on ¼- and ½-ton trucks and SUVs) the axleshaft and a single wheel bearing on each side work together to support the weight of the vehicle and propel it. On a full-float axle, the load carrying portion of the axle is performed by hubs that ride on spindles on either side of the axle. Inside each hub are two bearings that are designed to support more weight over a standard semi-float axle design. In a full-float configuration, the axleshaft attaches to the hub separately. This allows the axle to solely handle the propulsion and the hubs weight carrying duties. A full-float axle will be stronger, but under a light rig such as our Jeep Wrangler TJ, it is overkill. Many aftermarket axle manufacturers suggest moving to a full-float axle for vehicles climbing above 4,500 pounds.
For those looking at aftermarket axles, you'll notice that high-pinion differentials actually outnumber the amount of low-pinion diffs being offered by the aftermarket. A high-pinion means that the pinion is placed above the centerline of the axletube. In the front of a vehicle a high-pinion (which uses a reverse-cut gearset) turns on the stronger drive-side of the ring gear. Some of the advantages of using a high-pinion rear diff include reducing the driveline angle along with raising the driveline to keep it out of harm's way. Most of the aftermarket high-pinion differentials also provide greater ground clearance over a conventional differential.
Peek under the rear of nearly any stock 4x4 and you will undoubtedly find a low-pinion differential resting out back. A low-pinion differential uses a hypoid-style gear cut, which when placed in the rear of a 4x4, applies pressure to the stronger drive side of the gear. Since the pinion generally sits below the centerline of the axletubes it places the driveline lower and can hinder ground clearance. High horsepower, heavy, and rigs constantly living off of the rev limiter are all appropriate candidates for a low-pinion rearend. Given the fact that it's all you will find in the junkyard, the low-pinion actually wins out on the strength and budget front as well. In case you didn't know, flipping a low-pinion upside-down does not make it a high-pinion. Doing so will actually make the wheels turn the opposite direction! Also, a low-pinion gearset will not work in a high-pinion differential.


text:
SCP and SFTP
SFTP ('Secure File Transfer Protocol') encrypts passwords unlike plain FTP. SFTP is not really a true protocol, its just SSH + FTP or TLS/SSL + FTP . Note that there are many ways to do this. This is one of them.
This setup in particular (using pure-ftpd + TLS) encrypts usernames, passwords, commands and server replies, but does NOT encrypt the data channel. This also means that that there is reduced performance cost on data transfer.
Setting up FTP with pure-ftpd
we will use pure-ftpd:
pacman -Sy pure-ftpd openssh openssl
then you can go ahead and edit the configuration file:
vi /etc/pure-ftpd.conf
you can start and stop the pure-ftpd daemon by
/etc/rc.d/pure-ftpd start /etc/rc.d/pure-ftpd stop /etc/rc.d/pure-ftpd restart
and you can set it to automatically start by adding it to the modules list in /etc/rc.conf
Set up Certicificates
refer to http://download.pureftpd.org/pub/pure-ftpd/doc/README.TLS for information. The short version is this :
1. Create a Self-Signed Certificate:
mkdir -p /etc/ssl/private openssl req -x509 -nodes -newkey rsa:1024 -keyout \ /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem \ -out /etc/ssl/private/pure-ftpd.pem
2. Make it private:
chmod 600 /etc/ssl/private/*.pem
3. Be aware that using 1024 bits in some countries will get you the legal banhammer. Choose 512 or less if unsure.
Enable TLS
Towards the bottom of /etc/pure-ftpd.conf you should find a section for TLS. Uncomment and change the TLS setting to 1 (which enables both FTP and SFTP):
now restart the pure-ftpd daemon and you should be able to login with sftp-enabled clients (e.g. FileZilla, SmartFTP) (dont forget to use port 22)


text:
Taxes By The Mile?
A Commentary by J. D. Longstreet
They are testing the waters again in Washington. Always looking for an opportunity to take advantage of a crisis to squeeze even more money from the taxpayers of America.
The crisis? The US government's highway fund is going broke. (Is it just me -- or am I the only American tired of lurching from one crisis to another on what seems like a daily basis?)
There is a proposal being floated about (again!) in "Foggy Bottom" to tax US drivers for every mile they drive in their cars, trucks, vans, SUV's, or whatever. Last time they brought this scheme up the Congressional Budget Office referred to it as the "Vehicle Mile Tax" or VMT.
Here's what has happened: Due to the high per gallon price of gasoline many drivers have greatly reduced the use of their cars and trucks. My truck, for instance, is virtually parked. I drive it one or twice a week and then only on short hops -- all within the city limits. My truck is ten years old but has only about 50,000 miles on it. But it uses more gasoline than the family Buick. So it remains parked.
It would seem that most American families are doing the same thing or something very much akin to it.
(Yes, Virginia, there REALLY is a Law of Unintended Consequences!)
A huge portion of the per gallon price of gasoline is state and federal taxes. So, you can imagine that when Americans began driving less and using less gasoline, the tax stream from gasoline into the tax coffers of the states and the federal government went from a roaring stream to a trickle. And THAT got the attention of the "taxaholics" in Washington, DC and in the states. Thus the proposal to tax American drivers for every mile they drive -- and that is on top of the taxes we are already paying on every gallon of gasoline we purchase.
From an article in the Washington Examiner we learn: "The average driver pays about $96 a year in federal gas taxes, said GAO. Should the administration seek to raise the highway trust fund from $34 billion to the $78 billion needed to fix and maintain roads, that could rise to $248. Translated into a pay-per-mile plan, drivers would face a tax of 2.2 cents per mile compared to the 0.9 cents they pay now. Trucks would pay far more." SOURCE: http://washingtonexaminer.com/new-pay-per-mile-scheme-would-boost-taxes-250-percent/article/2518504#.UPWVTfJ0jTi
The article in the Washington Examiner offers a quote from some luminary at the GAO as follows: "We modeled the average mileage fee rates that would be needed for passenger vehicles and commercial trucks to meet three illustrative Highway Trust Fund revenue targets ranging from about $34 billion to $78.4 billion per year. To meet these targets, a driver of a passenger vehicle with average fuel efficiency would pay from $108 to $248 per year in mileage fees compared to the $96 they currently pay annually in federal gasoline tax," said GAO." SOURCE: http://washingtonexaminer.com/new-pay-per-mile-scheme-would-boost-taxes-250-percent/article/2518504#.UPWVTfJ0jTi
I must tell you that my state, North Carolina, has one of the highest taxes on gasoline of any state in the Union. So, when I heard about the "mileage tax" proposal, it got my attention.
Just so we are clear: I HATE the idea!
Back in 2008, here in North Carolina, something called the 21st Century Transportation Committee recommended the state adopt a "taxes by the mile" plan. As I understood the proposal, the state would carefully record the miles each Tar Heel driver drove, over the preceding twelve months, and the vehicle's owner would be charged the appropriate amount in taxes for each mile driven. As North Carolinians take their cars in each year for the mandated annual state inspection (which by itself is a gigantic tax scheme!) The mileage on the odometer would have been recorded. This was to be the source of the mileage figures used to tax NC drivers. Transportation experts told us then that sometime later the state could switch to GPS tracking of NC Drivers. This scheme was called the "Road Use Tax."
It is interesting to note that North Carolina HAD a Democratic Party controlled legislature in 2008.
So what happened? The NC voters told the Democrats in the NC Legislature to hit the very road they wanted to tax -- and replaced them with a Republican controlled legislature. Now North Carolina has a republican controlled General Assembly AND a republican governor. The first time the North Carolina legislature has been solely controlled by republicans since 1870.
Oregon and California have also considered imposing such road taxes on their citizens, as well. We suggest they take a look at what happened in North Carolina before proceeding.
The fact that driver's pockets would be picked by a "tax by the mile" (Vehicle Mile Tax) road tax was just too much for the North Carolina voters to stomach.
There is another disturbing aspect of these mileage tax rip-offs; the device attached to our cars would also emit a signal, much as a GPS device does, that would allow the government to know where we are, in our car, at all times
Sounds incredible, does it not? THAT HAS been suggested. More than likely, it would be continuous tracking of our road miles. Either way, it is just more big brother government intrusion into our lives.
Look: US drivers pay approximately 35 billion dollars (plus) in federal gasoline taxes annually. You'd think our highways would be paved in gold rather than asphalt!
This whole thing smacks of another trick by the liberal-socialists to herd Americans into mass transit. It is all a part of the "green agenda" to deprive Americans of their celebration of freedom – the automobile – in favor of bicycles, trolleys, and commuter trains, etc. ( I can just visualize empty commuter trains gliding along rusted rails through the piney woods and swamps of North Carolina. Oh, WAIT! We already have AMTRAK!)
"Motorists are one of the most overtaxed groups in America, and the automobile has done more to enable this country's economic success than any other invention." SOURCE: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/mar/25/cbos-toll-road-fib/
I am inclined to believe this is more of the leftist agenda to dismantle America until it becomes just another third-world country.
It is unarguably more of the socialist/democrats tax and spend, tax and spend, agenda. Hey! They NEED the money to buy votes! I mean, someone has to pay for the Obamaphones, right?
© J. D. Longstreet


text:
Lots of new goodies in this build!
Read below...
Several anxious people have reminded me lately that it has been 7 months since the last formal Nmap release (3.81). While that is quite a stretch, I have been working non-stop and made some fundamental changes to Nmap that took a while to stabilize. I have also integrated some work from the Google SoC students (and more is coming). I am pleased to present the results in the form of Nmap 3.90. I think you'll find it worth the wait. A version number increase of 0.09 may not sound like much, but ls indicates the true extent of changes:
-rw------- 1 fyodor fyodor 7987200 Feb 7 05:41 nmap-3.81.tar
-rw------- 1 fyodor fyodor 10608640 Sep 8 03:16 nmap-3.90.tar
At a high level, changes include the ability to send and properly route raw ethernet frames, ARP scanning (for faster and more reliable local LAN host discovery), MAC address spoofing, enormous version detection and OS detection updates, dramatic Windows performance and stability improvements, 'l33t ASCII art, OS/hostname/device type detection via service fingerprinting, dozens of bug fixes and much more. Linux binary RPMs are now available for x86_64 (AMD
Athlon64/Opteron) and Windows users _must_ upgrade to WinPcap 3.1 from winpcap.org.
We have now gone through and integrated all of your service detection fingerprint submissions and are ready to handle more. So if Nmap spits out a service detection fingerprint and you are certain what is running, please submit it to the URL it gives you. OS detection fingerprints aren't as important right now because we are considering major changes to that subsystem.
Here are the details from the Changelog:
o Added the ability for Nmap to send and properly route raw ethernet
packets cointaining IP datagrams rather than always sending the
packets via raw sockets. This is particularly useful for Windows,
since Microsoft has disabled raw socket support in XP for no good
reason. Nmap tries to choose the best method at runtime based on
platform, though you can override it with the new --send_eth and
--send_ip options.
o Added ARP scanning (-PR). Nmap can now send raw ethernet ARP requests to
determine whether hosts on a LAN are up, rather than relying on
higher-level IP packets (which can only be sent after a successful
ARP request and reply anyway). This is much faster and more
reliable (not subject to IP-level firewalling) than IP-based probes.
The downside is that it only works when the target machine is on the
same LAN as the scanning machine. It is now used automatically for
any hosts that are detected to be on a local ethernet network,
unless --send_ip was specified. Example usage: nmap -sP -PR
192.168.0.0/16 .
o Added the --spoof_mac option, which asks Nmap to use the given MAC
address for all of the raw ethernet frames it sends. The MAC given
can take several formats. If it is simply the string "0", Nmap
chooses a completely random MAC for the session. If the given
string is an even number of hex digits (with the pairs optionally
separated by a colon), Nmap will use those as the MAC. If less than
12 hex digits are provided, Nmap fills in the remainder of the 6
bytes with random values. If the argument isn't a 0 or hex string,
Nmap looks through the nmap-mac-prefixes to find a vendor name
containing the given string (it is case insensitive). If a match is
found, Nmap uses the vendor's OUI (3-byte prefix) and fills out the
remaining 3 bytes randomly. Valid --spoof_mac argument examples are
"Apple", "0", "01:02:03:04:05:06", "deadbeefcafe", "0020F2", and
o Applied an enormous nmap-service-probes (version detection) update
from SoC student Doug Hoyte (doug(a)hcsw.org). Version 3.81 had
1064 match lines covering 195 service protocols. Now we have 2865
match lines covering 359 protocols! So the database size has nearly
tripled! This should make your -sV scans quicker and more
accurate. Thanks also go to the (literally) thousands of you who
submitted service fingerprints. Keep them coming!
o Applied a massive OS fingerprint update from Zhao Lei
(zhaolei(a)gmail.com). About 350 fingerprints were added, and many
more were updated. Notable additions include Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger),
OpenBSD 3.7, FreeBSD 5.4, Windows Server 2003 SP1, Sony AIBO (along
with a new "robotic pet" device type category), the latest Linux 2.6
kernels Cisco routers with IOS 12.4, a ton of VoIP devices, Tru64
UNIX 5.1B, new Fortinet firewalls, AIX 5.3, NetBSD 2.0, Nokia IPSO
3.8.X, and Solaris 10. Of course there are also tons of new
broadband routers, printers, WAPs and pretty much any other device
you can coax an ethernet cable (or wireless card) into!
o Added 'leet ASCII art to the confugrator! ARTIST NOTE: If you think
the ASCII art sucks, feel free to send me alternatives. Note that
only people compiling the UNIX source code get this. (ASCII artist
o Added OS, device type, and hostname detection using the service
detection framework. Many services print a hostname, which may be
different than DNS. The services often give more away as well. If
Nmap detects IIS, it reports an OS family of "Windows". If it sees
HP JetDirect telnetd, it reports a device type of "printer". Rather
than try to combine TCP/IP stack fingerprinting and service OS
fingerprinting, they are both printed. After all, they could
legitimately be different. An IP that gives a stack fingerprint
match of "Linksys WRT54G broadband router" and a service fingerprint
of Windows based on Kazaa running is likely a common NAT setup rather
than an Nmap mistake.
o Nmap on Windows now compiles/links with the new WinPcap 3.1
header/lib files. So please upgrade to 3.1 from
http://www.winpcap.org before installing this version of Nmap.
While older versions may still work, they aren't supported with Nmap.
o The official Nmap RPM files are now compiled statically for better
compatability with other systems. X86_64 (AMD Athlon64/Opteron)
binaries are now available in addition to the standard i386. NmapFE
RPMs are no longer distributed by Insecure.Org.
o Nmap distribution signing has changed. Release files are now signed
with a new Nmap Project GPG key (KeyID 6B9355D0). Fyodor has also
generated a new key for himself (KeyID 33599B5F). The Nmap key has
been signed by Fyodor's new key, which has been signed by Fyodor's
old key so that you know they are legit. The new keys are available
at http://www.insecure.org/nmap/data/nmap_gpgkeys.txt , as
docs/nmap_gpgkeys.txt in the Nmap source tarball, and on the public
keyserver network. Here are the fingerprints:
pub 1024D/33599B5F 2005-04-24
Key fingerprint = BB61 D057 C0D7 DCEF E730 996C 1AF6 EC50 3359 9B5F
uid Fyodor <firstname.lastname@example.com>
sub 2048g/D3C2241C 2005-04-24
pub 1024D/6B9355D0 2005-04-24
Key fingerprint = 436D 66AB 9A79 8425 FDA0 E3F8 01AF 9F03 6B93 55D0
uid Nmap Project Signing Key (http://www.insecure.org/)
sub 2048g/A50A6A94 2005-04-24
o Fixed a crash problem related to non-portable varargs (vsnprintf)
usage. Reports of this crash came from Alan William Somers
(somers(a)its.caltech.edu) and Christophe (chris.branch(a)gmx.de).
This patch was prevalent on Linux boxes running an Opteron/Athlon64
CPU in 64-bit mode.
o Fixed crash when Nmap is compiled using gcc 4.X by adding the
--fno-strict-aliasing option when that compiler is detected. Thanks
to Greg Darke (starstuff(a)optusnet.com.au) for discovering that
this option fixes (hides) the problem and to Duilio J. Protti
(dprotti(a)flowgate.net) for writing the configure patch to detect
gcc 4 and add the option. A better fix is to identify and rewrite
lines that violate C99 alias rules, and we are looking into that.
o Added "rarity" feature to Nmap version detection. This causes
obscure probes to be skipped when they are unlikely to help. Each
probe now has a "rarity" value. Probes that detect dozens of
services such as GenericLines and GetRequest have rarity values of
1, while the WWWOFFLEctrlstat and mydoom probes have a rarity of 9.
When interrogating a port, Nmap always tries probes registered to
that port number. So even WWWOFFLEctrlstat will be tried against
port 8081 and mydoom will be tried against open ports between 3127
and 3198. If none of the registered ports find a match, Nmap tries
probes that have a rarity less than or equal to its current
intensity level. The intensity level defaults to 7 (so that most of
the probes are done). You can set the intensity level with the new
--version_intensity option. Alternatively, you can just use
--version_light or --version_all which set the intensity to 2 (only
try the most important probes and ones registered to the port
number) and 9 (try all probes), respectively. --version_light is
much faster than default version detection, but also a bit less
likely to find a match. This feature was designed and implemented
by Doug Hoyte (doug(a)hcsw.org).
o Added a "fallback" feature to the nmap-service-probes database.
This allows a probe to "inherit" match lines from other probes. It
is currently only used for the HTTPOptions, RTSPRequest, and
SSLSessionReq probes to inherit all of the match lines from
GetRequest. Some servers don't respond to the Nmap GetRequest (for
example because it doesn't include a Host: line) but they do respond
to some of those other 3 probes in ways that GetRequest match lines
are general enough to match. The fallback construct allows us to
benefit from these matches without repeating hundreds of signatures
in the file. This is another feature designed and implemented
by Doug Hoyte (doug(a)hcsw.org).
o Fixed crash with certain --excludefile or
--exclude arguments. Thanks to Kurt Grutzmacher
(grutz(a)jingojango.net) and pijn trein (ptrein(a)gmail.com) for
reporting the problem, and to Duilio J. Protti
(dprotti(a)flowgate.net) for debugging the issue and sending the
o Updated random scan (ip_is_reserved()) to reflect the latest IANA
assignments. This patch was sent in by Felix Groebert
o Included new Russian man page translation by
o Applied pach from Steve Martin (smartin(a)stillsecure.com) which
standardizes many OS names and corrects typos in nmap-os-fingerprints.
o Fixed a crash found during certain UDP version scans. The crash was
discovered and reported by Ron (iago(a)valhallalegends.com) and fixed
by Doug Hoyte (doug(a)hcsw.com).
o Added --iflist argument which prints a list of system interfaces and
routes detected by Nmap.
o Fixed a protocol scan (-sO) problem which led to the error message:
"Error compiling our pcap filter: syntax error". Thanks to Michel
Arboi (michel(a)arboi.fr.eu.org) for reporting the problem.
o Fixed an Nmap version detection crash on Windows which led to the
error message "Unexpected error in NSE_TYPE_READ callback. Error
code: 10053 (Unknown error)". Thanks to Srivatsan
(srivatsanp(a)adventnet.com) for reporting the problem.
o Fixed some misspellings in docs/nmap.xml reported by Tom Sellers
o Applied some changes from Gisle Vanem (giva(a)bgnett.no) to make
Nmap compile with Cygwin.
o XML "osmatch" element now has a "line" attribute giving the
reference fingerprint line number in nmap-os-fingerprints.
o Added a distcc probes and a bunch of smtp matches from Dirk Mueller
(mueller(a)kde.org) to nmap-service-probes. Also added AFS version
probe and matches from Lionel Cons (lionel.cons(a)cern.ch). And
even more probes and matches from Martin Macok
o Fixed a problem where Nmap compilation would use header files from
the libpcap included with Nmap even when it was linking to a system
libpcap. Thanks to Solar Designer (solar(a)openwall.com) and Okan
Demirmen (okan(a)demirmen.com) for reporting the problem.
o Added configure option --with-libpcap=included to tell Nmap to use
the version of libpcap it ships with rather than any that may already be
installed on the system. You can still use --with-libpcap=[dir] to
specify that a system libpcap be installed rather than the shipped
one. By default, Nmap looks at both and decides which one is likely
to work best. If you are having problems on Solaris, try
--with-libpcap=included .
o Changed the --no-stylesheet option to --no_stylesheet to be
consistant with all of the other Nmap options. Though I'm starting to
like hyphens a bit better than underscores and may change all of the
options to use hyphens instad at some point.
o Added "Exclude" directive to nmap-service-probes grammar which
causes version detection to skip listed ports. This is helpful for
ports such as 9100. Some printers simply print any data sent to
that port, leading to pages of HTTP requests, SMB queries, X Windows
probes, etc. If you really want to scan all ports, specify
--allports. This patch came from Doug Hoyte (doug(a)hcsw.org).
o Added a stripped-down and heavily modified version of Dug Song's
libdnet networking library (v. 1.10). This helps with the new raw
ethernet features. My (extensive) changes are described in
o Removed WinIP library (and all Windows raw sockets code) since MS
has gone and broken raw sockets. Maybe packet receipt via raw
sockets will come back at some point. As part of this removal, the
Windows-specific --win_help, --win_list_interfaces, --win_norawsock,
--win_forcerawsock, --win_nopcap, --win_nt4route, --win_noiphlpapi,
and --win_trace options have been removed.
o Chagned the interesting ports array from a 65K-member array of
pointers into an STL list. This noticeable reduces memory usage in
some cases, and should also give a slight runtime performance
boost. This patch was written by Paul Tarjan (ptarjan(a)gmail.com).
o Removed the BSDFIX/BSDUFIX macros. The underlying bug in
FreeBSD/NetBSD is still there though. When an IP packet is sent
through a raw socket, these platforms require the total length and
fragmentation offset fields of an IP packet to be in host byte order
rather than network byte order, even though all the other fields
must be in NBO. I believe that OpenBSD fixed this a while back.
Other platforms, such as Linux, Solaris, Mac OS X, and Windows take
all of the fields in network byte order. While I removed the macro,
I still do the munging where required so that Nmap still works on
o Integrated many nmap-service-probes changes from Bo Jiang
o Added a bunch of RPC numbers from nmap-rpc maintainer Eilon Gishri
o Added some new RPC services to nmap-rpc thanks to a patch from
vlad902 (vlad902(a)gmail.com).
o Fixed a bug where Nmap would quit on Windows whenever it encountered
a raw scan of localhost (including the local ethernet interface
address), even when that was just one address out of a whole network
being scanned. Now Nmap just warns that it is skipping raw scans when
it encounters the local IP, but continues on to scan the rest of the
network. Raw scans do not currently work against local IP addresses
because Winpcap doesn't support reading/writing localhost interfaces
due to limitations of Windows.
o The OS fingerprint is now provided in XML output if debugging is
enabled (-d) or verbosity is at least 2 (-v -v). This patch was
sent by Okan Demirmen (okan(a)demirmen.com)
o Fixed the way tcp connect scan (-sT) respons to ICMP network
unreachable responses (patch by Richard Moore
o Update random host scan (-iR) to support the latest IANA-allocated
ranges, thanks to patch by Chad Loder (cloder(a)loder.us).
o Updated GNU shtool (a helper program used during 'make install' to
version 2.0.2, which fixes a predictable temporary filename
weakness discovered by Eric Raymond.
o Removed addport element from XML DTD, since it is no longer used
(sugested by Lionel Cons (lionel.cons(a)cern.ch)
o Added new --privileged command-line option and NMAP_PRIVILEGED
environmental variable. Either of these tell Nmap to assume that
the user has full privileges to execute raw packet scans, OS
detection and the like. This can be useful when Linux kernel
capabilities or other systems are used that allow non-root users to
perform raw packet or ethernet frame manipulation. Without this
flag or variable set, Nmap bails on UNIX if geteuid() is
o Changed the RPM spec file so that if you define "static" to 1 (by
passing --define "static 1" to rpmbuild), static binaries are built.
o Fixed Nmap compilation on Solaris x86 thanks to a patch from Simon
Burr (simes(a)bpfh.net).
o ultra_scan() now sets pseudo-random ACK values (rather than 0) for
any TCP scans in which the initial probe packet has the ACK flag set.
This would be the ACK, Xmas, Maimon, and Window scans.
o Updated the Nmap version number, description, and similar fields
that MS Visual Studio places in the binary. This was done by editing
mswin32/nmap.rc as suggested by Chris Paget (email@example.com)
o Fixed Nmap compilation on DragonFly BSD (and perhaps some other
systems) by applying a short patch by Joerg Sonnenberger which omits
the declaration of errno if it is a #define.
o Fixed an integer overflow that prevented Nmap from scanning
2,147,483,648 hosts in one expression (e.g. 0.0.0.0/1). Problem
noted by Justin Cranford (jcranford(a)n-able.com). While /1 scans
are now possible, don't expect them to finish during your bathroom
break. No matter how constipated you are.
o Increased the buffer size allocated for fingerprints to prevent Nmap
from running out and quitting (error message: "Assertion
`servicefpalloc - servicefplen > 8' failed". Thanks to Mike Hatz
(mhatz(a)blackcat.com) for the report. [ Actually this was done in a
previous version, but I forgot which one ]
o Changed from CVS to Subversion source control system (which
rocks!). Neither repository is public (I'm paranoid because both CVS
and SVN have had remotely exploitable security holes), so the main
change users will see is that "Id" tags in file headers use the SVN
format for version numbering and such.
As always, you can download Nmap from http://www.insecure.org/nmap/nmap_download.html . The paranoid
(smart) list members will check the cryptographic hashes and GPG signatures available from http://www.insecure.org/nmap/dist/sigs/?C=M&O=D .
Enjoy! And please let me know if you encounter any problems.


text:
Little Big Town Record Theme Song for New ABC Show 'Good Afternoon America'
Country artists are known for their ability to churn out ridiculously catchy tunes. That's why when ABC needed a theme song for their new program 'Good Afternoon America,' they turned to Little Big Town — and boy did the group deliver.
Not only did LBT lend their vocal chops to the tune, but they also put their penmanship to work on the ditty that will be the new theme song and promo campaign for the show, which launches July 9.
Their new song, 'Good Afternoon,' was co-written by the group's Kimberly Schlapman, Jimi Westbrook, Phillip Sweet and Karen Fairchild, along with the Warren Brothers — Brett and Brad Warren. The song was recorded in Nashville last week and was produced by the group's producer, Jay Joyce, who is also known for his work with Eric Church and rock band the Wallflowers.
"Sometimes you get unexpected opportunities as an artist," says Little Big Town's Karen Fairchild. "We loved getting the chance to write and record a song for such a cool show."
Fans can catch Little Big Town performing 'Good Afternoon,' as well as their current hit single 'Pontoon,' live on 'Good Afternoon America' on August 2. In the meantime, viewers can hear 'Good Afternoon' when the new show makes its official ABC network premiere on Monday (July 9) at 2PM ET.


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Sports Team Lamp
Overview & Details
- Kids' sports lamp.
- Sporty athletes lampshade.
- Choose standard lamp base or tripod lamp base.
- Standard lamp base available in silver.
- Metal base.
- UL listed.
- Wipe clean with a damp cloth.
- Shade is made in USA.
- Bulb included.
- Standard lamp is 21" high; Tripod lamp is 11" high.
- Exclusively ours.
For kids who love to pass, punt, kick, throw or run! Our exclusive child's lamp features a sleek metal base topped by a fabric drum shade, printed with athletes and sports images.
Our Sports Team Lamp is available in two styles: the tall base stands 21" high, designed for use on a desk or nightstand. The tripod base stands 11" high, also perfect for a shelf, dresser or other small space.
Choose from tall Silver base or short Tripod base. Uses maximum 9-watt compact fluorescent bulb. Includes lamp base and shade.


text:
Bezzeled Gang - If I Die Young [User Submitted]
Bezzeled Gang - "Die Young" off the mixtape "Tha Musik City Miracle"
Produced by Syksense & Originate sample by The Band Perry
Directed By: Charles M Robinson and Willie C Robinson @CharlieBrownTN
Assisted By: Davin D Denson
Additional Filming By: Davin D Denson
Special Thanks to all that supported and helped out on the set. Much Love! - Charles
http://www.facebook.com/bangbangbezzeledgang GO LISTEN & DOWNLOAD http://www.datpiff.com/BEZZELED-GANG-Tha-Musik-City-Miracle--mixtape.299872.html
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


text:
My Playroom: Baby D
Megan created this charming playroom before the nursery and why not, they're so much fun to put together. She tells us more: This room is an odd shape, so when I first saw the Land of Nod mini pullout I knew it would be perfect for the nook and I could start designing around it.
Everytime I went into Ikea, I fell in love with those fun rugs and fabric that they have, so I knew I wanted to incorporate the rugs and the fabric on the window treatment. I was on Urban Outfitters website one day and just had to have the pillows that are on the couch. I purchased all the art from Catalina Island in the Dominican Republic on a family vacation. The light fixture is from an upcycled furniture store in downtown Orlando.
The vinyl tree decal I found on Etsy and just fell in love with it. I think I may use it as a height measuring chart also! The color of the walls is Pickle by Sherwin Williams- I didn't even paint a sample of it on the wall, I knew I would LOVE it. I also purchased the PLAY letters above the tv at Anthropologie.
I think when Baby D is born in March she is going to love all the colors I put into the room. This is my favorite room in the house, I guess I have to start working on the nursery now!
Thanks Megan!


text:
Michael P. Lewis, director of the Rhode Island Department of Transportation and president of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), will deliver the keynote address, "Transportation at a Crossroads — MAP-21 and Beyond," at the upcoming Transportation Research Expo on Wednesday, March 27 at 2 p.m. in Billings.
Lewis, a UVM alumnus, will focus on the future of planning and maintaining transportation systems given the new norms of limited funding and climate change. He will also speak to new directions in transportation towards multimodalism, livability, resiliency and sustainability. As president of AASHTO, Lewis has a broad view of the national transportation picture, but also brings a very grounded perspective through his experience leading a small state transportation department in Rhode Island. Brian Searles, Vermont Secretary of Transportation and UVM alumnus, will introduce the lecture.
The Transportation Research Center Sustainable Expo includes a full day of programs and activities highlighting the diversity and depth of UVM research and programs to support sustainable transportation as well as work by partners from throughout the state. The agenda includes a seminar by Professor Bob Manning, author of Walking Distance; a seminar describing the Environment. Community. Opportunity. Sustainability program by the Chittenden County Regional Planning Commission; and a seminar discussing the recent disasters of Sandy and Irene with NYC Deputy Commissioner Leon Heyward, also a UVM alumnus, and Sue Minter, Deputy Secretary at VTrans. From 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. a wide range of posters will be displayed highlighting research and program work in the transportation field by UVM faculty, students, and other transportation professionals.
For more details on the expo, visit the Transportation Research Center event site.
More uvm.edu