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Byram to speak to Art League today
The Art League of Henderson County meeting is set for 1 p.m. today at the Opportunity House, 1411 Asheville Highway in Hendersonville.
Artist Ray Byram will speak and present a demonstration at the meeting. Byram is a nationally known artist who works primarily in oil and watercolor. He reproduces his own work with a silk-screen process. His serigraphs are exhibited this month at the Opportunity House.
The gallery is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday.
Byram's work is in many private and corporate collections, such as those owned by President and Mrs. George W. Bush, actor Vincent Price, Motorola, IBM and numerous financial institutions. Visit www.raybyram.com for more information.
Call 828-692-0575 or 828-692-9441 for more information on the art league.
Pat's School of Dance open house
Pat's School of Dance at 1256 N. Main St., Hendersonville, will host an open house for prospective students from 4:30 to 7:30 p.m. Monday through Thursday.
The school has competed in two Dance Educators of America (DEA) regional competitions this year, in Chattanooga, Tenn., and Charleston, S.C. The studio competed in tap, jazz and hip-hop dance, performing 52 numbers in the regional competitions.
Of the 52 performances, 26 received first place/high score recognition, and the remainder received second through fifth placements.
The studio's annual free recitals are set for 7 p.m. June 8, 13, 14, 15 and 17 in the Hendersonville High School Auditorium. Visit patsschoolofdance.com for more information.
Bullington Gardens spring gala on June 1
Bullington Gardens at 95 Upper Red Oak Trail will host the spring gala "Ramble to the Ridge" from 10 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. June 1.
The event celebrates Bullington's 14 years as a leading voice for local horticultural education for adults and children.
Guests will meet at Bullington Gardens to stroll the gardens while enjoying string music, coffee, tea and pastries. Bus transportation will be provided to The Cabin Ridge, a longtime family homestead on a mountainside dotted with gardens and rustic arbors. Here guests can wander the gardens and bid on silent auction offerings of jewelry, plants, art, exclusive tours and experiences.
Medina's Village Bistro will cater brunch under a tent canopy, and Dan Keller's jazz trio will entertain. After a tour of the Cabin Ridge gardens, guests will return to Bullington for a garden tour and to retrieve silent auction items. Children and pets will not be allowed.
Reservations for the event are $50. Call 828-698-6104 or mail a check to Bullington Gardens, 95 Upper Red Oak Trail, Hendersonville, NC 28792.
Young Musicians Club concert on June 3
The second Asheville Young Musicians Club concert is set for 3 p.m. June 3 in the Blue Ridge Auditorium of the Deerfield Retirement Community, 1617 Hendersonville Road, Asheville.
Founded in 2011 by local student musicians Grace Kim, Kristi Kim and Sara Eubanks, the Asheville Young Musicians Club has grown to include 11 young musicians from area high schools who enjoy playing together and promoting classical music.
Participating students include Grace Kim, co-founder of AYMC (flute, Asheville High School); Kristi Kim, co-founder of AYMC (violin, Asheville High School); Virginia Greene (oboe, Reynolds High School); Larissa Wood (clarinet, Reynolds High School); Julian Pinelli (violin, homeschool); Monica Grady (cello, Asheville High School); Matt Kinson (violin, Reynolds High School); Thomas Fleming (cello, homeschool); Alyes Chen (piano, Veritas Christian Academy); Kiffen Loomis (piano, Christ School); Ryan Zhang (piano, Valley Springs Middle School).
Proceeds from concert ticket sales benefit the Education Fund for the children of Bethel, a small village outside the city of Chichigalpa, Nicaragua, an area suffering from poverty and serious health issues resulting from chemicals used in the nearby sugar cane fields. A portion of the funds raised will also be used to help support music education in the Asheville area.
Tickets are $20 each for adults, $10 for students. The program is co-sponsored by the Asheville Chamber Music Series and the Asheville Area Piano Forum.
Call 828-681-9732 or email email@example.com for more information.
'Number 7 Arts' exhibit at TC Arts Council
The Transylvania Community Arts Council at 349 S. Caldwell St. will host an opening reception for the exhibit "Number 7 Arts" from 5-9 p.m. Friday.
Artwork in this exhibit is by members of the Number 7 Fine Arts and Crafts Cooperative on Main Street. The exhibit will be on display at the council through June 10. The reception is part of the Friday Gallery Walk.
The exhibit features works of art by Sonia Arnold, jewelry; Joseph Basting, metal; Bonne Jean Bertlshofer, basketry; Louis Bishop, pastels; Marcia Brennan, paper mache; Elda Brown, jewelry; Joe Bruneau, basketry; Adrienne Casteen, jewelry; John Davis, oil; Gwen Flinn, acrylic; Sharyn Fogel, watercolor; Sue Grier, clay; Freddie Hart, copper enamel; Barbara Hawk, oil; Rose Haynes, colored pencil; Erin Keane, encaustic; Suzie Knapp, basketry; Joy McGill, fiber; Nancy Rosenthal, clay; and Ellen Stinchcomb, acrylic.
The gallery is open from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday-Friday. Call 828-884-2787 for more information.
Nancy Janes book signing set for June 8
The Nancy Janes book signing is set for 12:30 to 3 p.m. June 8 at Carolina Ace Hardware, 911 Greenville Highway, Hendersonville.
Janes is the author of "The Boy Who Walked a Way." In 2162, a young boy named Jal Valyhn begins an epic journey to find a safe haven in a world thrown into the turmoil and widespread devastation of war. Call 828-697-2237 for more information.
Shirl Thomas wins art guild competition
Shirl Thomas is the winner of the monthly "Show and Tell" competition of the Transylvania Art Guild.
Thomas was designated Artist of the Month, and her work will be on display in the lobby of the Transylvania County Library until June 6. Second place was won by Elizabeth Mayes, and third by Joe Bennett. The Show and Tell event is a competition among members who enter their paintings at the meeting. Winners are chosen by vote of members and guests who are present.
Upcoming topics for the remainder of the year include "Back Roads and Byways," "Naked Trees" and "Nature's Bounty." Two competitions will be the artist's choice of any subject.
The Guild meets at 1 p.m. the first Thursday of the month in the Transylvania Parks and Recreation Center off Ecusta Road, and an experienced artist presents a program on various painting techniques. The June 6 program "Watercolor Waterfalls" will feature local artist Barbara Walter.
Call 828-885-2573 for more information.
Craft school's first session begins May 26
Penland School of Crafts has open spaces in a number of classes in its first two summer sessions, and they are available at half tuition to residents of the following Western North Carolina counties: Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Caldwell, Cherokee, Graham, Clay, Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon, Madison, McDowell, Mitchell, Polk, Rutherford, Swain, Transylvania, Watauga and Yancey.
Regular room and board charges apply, but students are not required to stay on campus.
The first session runs May 26-June 7 with openings in books, clay, drawing, glass, iron, metals, photography, printmaking, letterpress, textiles and wood.
The second session runs June 9-21 with openings in clay, glass, iron, metals, photography, printmaking, letterpress and textiles.
For a complete list of classes, visit www.penland.org.
To enroll, call 828-765-2359, Ext. 15.
Independent media discussion on May 30
Asheville Free Media and Black Mountain College Museum and Arts Center are collaborating to produce a simulcast event from 7 to 9 p.m. May 30 at Black Mountain College Museum and Arts Center, 56 Broadway St., Asheville.
This community awareness-raising program will feature a panel discussion on "Independent Media in Asheville" and include Nelda Holder, freelance writer and contributing editor to MountainXpress; Mark West, chairman and professor of mass communication at UNCA; Erik Mattox, president of the board of directors of Friends of Community Radio; Angie Newsome, director and editor of Carolina Public Press; and Cecil Bothwell, Asheville City Council, and former news reporter and community radio host.
They will discuss the role and challenges of free press and independent media today, including policy proposals that could support public news and local voices. The panel will be moderated by Holder, and the audience can ask questions and offer comments.
Proceeds will benefit Asheville Free Media, Black Mountain College Museum and Arts Center, and Carolina Public Press. A simulcast of the event can be heard on Asheville Free Media at www.ashevillefm.org.
Call 828-215-8822 or email email@example.com for more information.
Monahan workshops at Grovewood Gallery
Grovewood Gallery at 111 Grovewood Road, Asheville, is hosting craft workshops with Leo Monahan.
An internationally known paper sculptor, Monahan will offer hands-on workshops designed for the beginner or hobbyist desiring a fun, creative environment in which to explore and play. He will host collage and advanced collage and found art workshops throughout the spring and summer.
Monahan previously has offered both of these workshops at the California Institute of the Arts, Walt Disney Imagineering, and Tokyo & Osaka Communication Arts.
Monahan received the first Walt Disney art honor scholarship. In 1960 he began his career as a graphic designer and completed his first paper sculpture.
He has created cover art for more than 1,200 albums, and his work has been used by numerous clients in publishing, advertising and promotion. In 1987 he closed his design business and then worked solely as a paper sculptor, illustrator and fine artist.
u Collage Workshop, The Unexpected Image 1, 10 a.m.-noon May 21-23; 1-4 p.m. June 8-9; 10 a.m.-noon June 25-27.
u Advanced Collage and Found Art Workshop, The Unexpected Image 2, 1-4 p.m. June 15-16; 1-4 p.m. Aug. 2-3.
Enrollment is limited, and spaces are filled on a first-come, first-served basis. Preregistration and prepayment is required for all offerings. To register, visit grovewood.com/news/workshops or email firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
Erika Marks to speak at Fountainhead
The Fountainhead Bookstore at 408 N. Main St., Hendersonville, will host a talk with Erika Marks about her new novel, "The Guest House," at 7 p.m. June 4.
Kirkus Review had this to say about Marks' third novel: "Three generations of women navigate love, loyalty and class issues in a Cape Cod resort town. In 1966, hometown girl Edie is an unwelcome member of a building crew working on a guesthouse for the Moss family, owners of the biggest summer cottage in Harrisport. When she catches the eye of Tucker Moss, her life takes a different turn, creating a romantic dilemma for Edie, who ultimately winds up with her colleague Hank Wright. As a teen, Edie's daughter Lexi falls in love with Tucker's son, Hudson, who dumps her.
"Now, years later, Lexi's back, a professional photographer, and Hudson's brother Cooper, a successful writer, wants her to photograph the estate in support of an application for historical designation."
The event is free. Call 828-697-1870 or visit www.fountainheadbookstore.com for more information.
Artist Kenn Kotara to address art league
The Art League of Highlands will host Asheville artist Kenn Kotara at 5 p.m. Monday at The Bascom in Highlands. He will present "Abstracts on Mylar." The meeting is open to everyone.
Kotara works in a variety of mediums and his work can be seen on his website, www.kotara studio.com. His work is influenced by the environment of the Deep South, particularly his Louisiana childhood. While Kotara's works are primarily abstractions, at its root the work is grounded in his observations of nature.
Jim Carson to host 'Fresh Paint' workshop
Plein air artist Jim Carson will host a 10-day "Fresh Paint" workshop beginning Thursday in Saluda. The focus of the workshop will be to simplify your paintings while learning to apply the paint quickly and confidently. The workshop will be held at three outdoor locations, and it is open to all skill levels. A detailed list of supplies and materials will be sent after registration.
There will be demonstrations by the artist and lots of one-on-one easel time. The $325 price of the workshop includes lunch brought to the site each day by the Saluda Grade Cafe.
Call 828-749-3702, email email@example.com or visit www.jimcarson.net for more information.
Gatlinburg, Tenn.
Songwriters festival taking contest entries
The 2013 Smoky Mountains Songwriters Festival, set for Aug. 15-18 in Gatlinburg, Tenn., is accepting entries for the festival's annual Songwriting Competition.
Entrants could have their songs showcased before a panel of music industry professionals, including publishers, label executives, radio program directors and award-winning songwriters.
Songs can be entered in six categories including bluegrass, country, folk, gospel/inspirational, pop/rock and lyrics only.
Cash prizes will be awarded to the winners in each of the five categories. A Grand Prize and Listener's Choice honor will also be awarded. Finalists will perform their songs in a showcase performance Aug. 17, and the grand prize winner will be chosen. The deadline to enter songs is June 15.
Interested songwriters should visit www.smswf.com for more information.
Trailer soon online for film shot in WNC
The first official trailer for "Shadows on the Wall," the sci-fi motion picture recently filmed in Western North Carolina, will soon be available online at shadows-movie.com.
Meanwhile, there is a gallery of photographs from the film at the website and a making of the film video at obsidian collective.com.
"After months of work, I'm thrilled that we have the first trailer for 'Shadows' ready to share," said Anderson Ellis, producer of the film.
The website contains links to social media as well as behind-the-scenes content to provide updates about the film during the post-production process.
"Shadows on the Wall" follows Palmer Marshall, a college student, as he builds a device capable of reaching beyond our planet in unimaginable ways. Unfortunately, his creation has unintended and ominous consequences. Sometimes success is more dangerous than failure.
The Obsidian Collective is a creative media firm based in Western North Carolina. Their team is composed of film, television and media professionals from around the country. The company's previous feature film, "Sol," is now being distributed worldwide.
Art Notes: May 19
Byram to speak to Art League today


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Non-keyed fields provide other information of interest into the FNF record. Non-keyed fields typically are information such as byte count, packet count, input and output interfaces, and performance metrics such as latency or jitter.

Non-keyed fields provide other information of interest into the FNF record. Non-keyed fields typically are information such as byte count, packet count, input and output interfaces, and performance metrics such as latency or jitter.

For every FNF record, a FNF cache table is created to track and store
For every FNF record, a FNF cache table is created to track and store FNF cache entry. The whole FNF cache table is exportedat regular interval or when an event is triggered, e.g. transaction ends. Flexible Netflow infrastructure allows multiple FNF records, each one aggregating or collecting different information. For example, there may be one FNF record which collects application statistics, and FNF which collects .
Netflow version 9 and IPFIX are the export protocols of choices for AVC, because they can accomodate flexible record format and multiple records required by Flexible Netflow infrastructure.

Netflow version 9 and IPFIX are the export protocols of choices for AVC, because they can accomodate flexible record format and multiple records required by Flexible Netflow infrastructure.

Revision as of 00:53, 31 March 2013
Cisco Application Visibility and Control (AVC) Technical Overview
Cisco Application Visibility and Control (AVC) is a solution which leverages multiple core technologies found in the Cisco Aggregation Services Routers (ASR) 1000 Series and the Cisco Integrated Service Routers Generation 2 (ISR G2). Coupled with network management tools, Cisco AVC provides a powerful and pervasive integrated solution for discovering and controlling applications within the network. Empowered with these tools, network administrators can gain a much deeper insight into applications running in their networks and their performance characteristics, while applying policies to further improve performance and control of network resource usage.
What you will learn from this whitepaper is the technical overview of Cisco AVC, all the components that are part of Cisco AVC solution, how they work together, and the benefits they provide.
Today Challenges
Figure 1. Challenges in monitoring and controlling application delivery in today's network
There are several trends in the today enterprises that drive requirements to build application awareness within the network. Cloud services and cloud applications such as WebEx, SalesForce.com, and Office 365 are delivered over HTTP and HTTPS which are the same ports used by typical recreational web traffic such as Netflix, Hulu, Pandora, and iTunes. In addition, consolidation of the data center in order to reduce overhead and operating expenses requires the network to carry much greater volume of both business and recreational traffic. Network admins need to gain visibility into different types of traffic their performance in greater detail to be able to quickly isolate and troubleshoot application performance issues. They need the ability to granularly define policy to control and tune the performance of these different applications.
Introduce Cisco's Application Visibility and Control (AVC)
Cisco AVC solution offers truly innovative approach to enable application awareness in the network. AVC incorporates application recognition and performance monitoring capabilities that were traditionally only available as dedicated appliances into the WAN router platform. This integrated approach greatly reduces the network footprint, simplifies network operations, and reduces total cost of ownership. The information collected by Cisco AVC is exported in an open standard format such as Netflow Version 9 and IPFIX, which allows both Cisco and third-party network management to support Cisco AVC solution.
Figure 2. What is Cisco Application Visibility and Control (AVC)
In addition to providing visibility into applications running on the network and their performance, Cisco AVC enables per-application policy for granular control of application bandwidth use which results in better end user experiences. Cisco AVC is enabled in Cisco IOS and IOS XE software.
How does Cisco AVC Solution Work?
AVC uses a number of technologies and consists of four functional components
Figure 3. Cisco AVC Functional Components
Cisco AVC solution leverages multiple technologies to recognize, analyze, and control over 1000 applications including voice and video, email, file sharing, gaming, peer-to-peer (P2P), and cloud-based applications. Cisco AVC has the following functional components:
- Application Recognition: With Cisco AVC, Cisco ASR 1000 and ISR-G2 can identify over 1000 applications within the traffic flow using NBAR2, Cisco's innovative Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) technology. In order to address the evolving nature of applications, NBAR2's application signature can be updated through Protocol Pack while the router is in-service.
- Performance Collection and Exporting: Cisco AVC utilizes embedded monitoring agent to collect Application Response Time (ART) metrics such as transaction time and latency for TCP applications, and packet loss and jitter for voice and video applications. These metrics are aggregated and exported using standard flow export format such Netflow Version 9 and IPFIX.
- Management Tool: With open flow export format such as Netflow Version 9 and IPFIX, data exported by AVC can be consumed by Cisco Prime Infrastructure and other third-party network management tools. This gives customers flexibility to utilize Cisco management tool or to leverage management tool of their choices.
- Control: By utilizing common DPI technology, NBAR2, these routers can reprioritize critical applications or enforce application bandwidth use using Cisco's industry-leading Quality of Service (QoS) capabilities. In addition, intelligent application path selection based on real-time performance is provided through Cisco Performance Routing (PfR)
Technologies Used by Cisco AVC
The following picture shows technologies and features that support each of Cisco AVC component
Figure 4. Cisco AVC Technology Blocks
AVC Component – Application Recognition
In the past, typical network traffic could easily be identified using well known port number. HTTP, HTTPS, POP3, or IMAP were among common traffic seen in enterprise. Today, there is increasing number of applications which is delivered over HTTP – both business and recreational applications. Many applications use dynamic ports such as Exchange, and voice and video which are delivered over RTP. This makes them impossible to be identified by looking at port number. In addition, some applications disguise themselves as HTTP because they do not want to be detected. As a result, identifying applications by checking well known port is no longer sufficient.
Figure 5. Evolution of types of applications seen in enterprise
Next Generation NBAR (NBAR2)
NBAR2 is Cisco's cross platform Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and Field Extraction (FE) technologies. NBAR2 is supported on Cisco ASR 1000 and ISR G2.
Figure 6. NBAR1 vs NBAR2 Number of Supported Applications
NBAR2 brings a number of major enhancements over the legacy NBAR (NBAR1).
- Detect over one thousand applications in its first release. Its heuristic analysis engine allows NBAR2 to identify applications regardless of ports applications may be running on.
- Support of NBAR2 Protocol Pack (PP) allows updating application signature while the routers are running. New Protocol Pack is released every month.
- Application categorization uses NBAR2 attributes to group similar applications to simplify application management for both classification and reporting
- Extract information from application such as HTTP URL, HTTP User Agent, SIP URL, for export or classification.
For more information on NBAR2, please visit http://www.cisco.com/go/nbar
Within AVC, there are currently three key uses of NBAR2.
- Application accounting: This can be provided through CLI ip nbar protocol-discovery, enabling on interface(s). Through CLI show ip nbar protocol-discovery, users can get a snapshot of applications seen through the interface, along with traffic rate and volume, in both byte and packet unit. The same information is also available through NBAR MIBs.
- Classification: By using NBAR2 in the class-map, routers can identify traffic by NBAR2 application signature. This allows per-application policy control such as QoS, e.g. limit traffic rate for Netflix, Pandora, and iTunes applications, or guarantee bandwidth for business applications such as WebEx, Office 365, or Sharepoint.
- Reporting: By leveraging Flexible Netflow infrastructure to export application information provided by NBAR2 through opened export format such as Netflow Version 9, or IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX) protocol.
NBAR2 Protocol Pack
NBAR2 provides an ability to update and add application signatures while the routers are in service. This is done by loading a NBAR2 Protocol Pack file. NBAR2 Protocol Pack consists of all the available signatures packaged together into a single file. NBAR2 Protocol Pack is available for downloading on Cisco website in the same place where the IOS software for the particular routers is posted. NBAR2 Protocol Pack is created for every supported IOS and IOS XE releases, and is dependent on the IOS and IOS XE releases.
Figure 7. Example of NBAR2 Protocol Pack Location
Following describes steps to load protocol pack.
Step 1: Locate the NBAR2 Protocol Pack for your router platform and your running IOS image on Cisco website. Download the NBAR2 Protocol Pack to the local file system of the router
router#dir bootflash:pp-adv-asr1k-15.2(04)S-13-1.1(0).pack Directory of bootflash:/pp-adv-asr1k-15.2(04)S-13-1.1(0).pack 48785 -rw- 188131 Sep 6 2012 21:24:52 -07:00 pp-adv-asr1k-15.2(04)S-13-1.1(0).pack
Step 2: Issue the following configuration command for NBAR2 to use the NBAR2 Protocol Pack on the local file system instead of the one bundled with IOS or IOS XE image
router#(config)#ip nbar protocol-pack flash:pp-adv-asr1k-15.2(04)S-13-1.1(0).pack
Step 3: Verify that the new NBAR2 Protocol Pack is loaded and is in effect
router#show ip nbar protocol-pack active ACTIVE protocol pack: Name: Advanced Protocol Pack Version: 3.0 Publisher: Cisco Systems Inc. File: flash:pp-adv-asr1k-15.2(04)S-13-1.1(0).pack
NBAR2 Custom Protocol
There may be applications that are not yet identified by NBAR2. Such applications include custom or home-grown enterprise applications which may run on specific TCP or UDP ports, or internal web-based applications. NBAR2 provides ability for users to define these applications, call custom protocol, using CLI ip nbar custom. Following describes supported methods for defining custom applications
- TCP or UDP port and range of ports
- ASCII or binary pattern up to the first 255 bytes of TCP or UDP payload
- HTTP URL – any combination of hostname as in the HTTP message host field, and URI, e.g. http://www.cisco.com/go/avc, www.cisco.com is the host portion, while the go/avc is the URI portion.
NBAR2 Application Attributes
NBAR2 provides six pre-defined attributes for every application to group applications of similar types. This simplifies the classification rules and reporting by matching applications using attributes in class-map, or reporting based on attributes.
|NBAR2 Attribute
|What it is used for
|First level grouping of applications with similar functionalities
|Second level grouping of applications with similar functionalities
|Grouping of applications based on brand or application suite
|Indicate application is peer-to-peer
|Indicate application is encrypted
|Indicate application uses tunneling technique
The values of these six NBAR2 attributes are pre-defined for every application recognized by NBAR2, including custom applications. Users can choose to reassign the attribute values of any NBAR2 application by using CLI ip nbar attribute-set and ip nbar attribute-map.
Below table shows all the six attributes and all the possible values.
Table 2. List of NBAR2 attributes and supported values
AVC Component – Performance Collection and Exporting
All the information collected and exported by AVC is done using Flexible Netflow infrastructure which can collect application information provided by NBAR2, traffic flow information, and application statistics such as byte and packet count. In addition, there are specific engines which collect performance metrics for voice, video, and TCP applications. All information is aggregated and then exported through open export format such as Netflow Version 9 and IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX). Classic netflow (or traditional netflow) and netflow version 5 are not suitable for AVC because they can only report layer 3 and layer 4 information.
Figure 8. Performance Collection and Exporting Components
Flexible Netflow (FNF), Netflow version 9, and IPFIX
By utilizing Flexible Netflow infrastructure, users have complete control of what information to collect and how it is aggregated by defining what is called FNF record. A FNF record consists of FNF keyed fields and non-keyed fields. Keyed fields are all field(s) which need to be unique in order for a new FNF cache entry to be created. How keyed fields are chosen depends on what information is of interest to users:
- Collect application usage: Keyed field is NBAR2 application
- Collect traffic between two end-points: Keyed fields are source and destination IP addresses
- Collect application usage between two end-points: Keyed fields are source, destination IP addresses, and NBAR2 application
Non-keyed fields provide other information of interest into the FNF record. Non-keyed fields typically are information such as byte count, packet count, input and output interfaces, and performance metrics such as latency or jitter.
For every FNF record, a FNF cache table is created to track and store FNF cache entry. A new FNF cache entry is created when the keyed field(s) of the packet does not match any of the existing FNF cache entry. Otherwise, only the non-keyed fields are updated, e.g. byte count is incremented. The whole FNF cache table is exported either at regular interval or when an event is triggered, e.g. transaction ends. Flexible Netflow infrastructure allows multiple FNF records, each one aggregating or collecting different information. For example, there may be one FNF record which collects application statistics, and other FNF records which collects various performance information.
Netflow version 9 and IPFIX are the export protocols of choices for AVC, because they can accomodate flexible record format and multiple records required by Flexible Netflow infrastructure.
Figure 9. Flexible Netflow Concept – Keyed fields vs Non-keyed fields. Each of the above row is a cache entry in FNF cache table.
Implementing the visibilty in AVC is simply defining various FNF records to collect the following information,
Application Statistics
AVC provides the ability to discover applications statistics. Application information such as Sharepoint, Netflix, provided by NBAR2 is exported in FNF field, Application ID. Extracted information such as URI or Hostname is exported in another FNF field, Extracted Field. By exporting these application fields along with other information from traffic flow such as IP address, port, byte count, packet count, or DSCP, collectors can use these fields to produce various application statistics reports which include, but are not limited to, top talkers, top applications, visited website, or top clients. .
Performance Collection
Performance Collection refers to specific engines which collects additional performance metrics for specific traffic types or applications. This includes Media Monitoring (MMON) engine which collects specific information for RTP traffic, and Application Response Time (ART) engine which collects around 30 performance metrics for TCP applications. Both engines collect and aggregate information, and utilizes Flexible Netflow infrastructure to export the flow records.
- Media Monitoring (MMON) engine collects performance information such as jitter and packet loss, in addition to per-stream byte count and packet count, at the granularity of RTP SSRC level. This is done by inspecting the timestamp and sequence number information in RTP header, and comparing the expected received packets with received packets, in order to provide loss packets and loss rate. RTP payload type in the RTP header provides information about the clock rate.
- Application Response Time (ART) engine inspects TCP headers and performs internal timestamping of packets. By inspecting the TCP header sent by client or server, it is able to differentiate request and response messages which are part of each transaction within a TCP connection. It also uses the internal timestamp information and TCP sequence number to calculate various latency metrics such as response time, transaction time, network delay, and application delay. Users can use these metrics to proactively monitor the performance of critical TCP applications and to troubleshoot and isolate problems between network and application.
Figure 10. Application Response Time metrics break down
Total Delay corresponds the total response time experienced by the end users. This includes the time to deliver the request to the application servers, the time to deliver the response back to the clients, and time for application servers to process the transaction. By providing these latency metrics broken down into Network Delay and Application Delay, users can determine if the impact to application performance, as an increase to Total Delay, is due to the increase in Network Delay or Application Delay. In addition, since the ART engine inspects traffic between client and server, it can also further separate the Network Delay into the Client Network Delay (CND) and Server Network Delay (SND). This allows further isolation of potential network problem into the client or server side. If the ART engine is enabled on the branch router such as ISR G2, CND approximates LAN delay while the SND approximates WAN delay, and vice versa if ART engine is enabled on the headend router.
AVC Component – Network Management
All the information exported by AVC is opened standard, Netflow Version 9 and IPFIX. This allows both Cisco and 3rd party network management tool products to support AVC. For the current list of 3rd party products which support AVC, please visit http://developer.cisco.com/web/avc
Figure 11. Network management for AVC
Cisco Prime Infrastructure can also configure AVC monitoring for both the ISR G2 and ASR1000. With its one-click configuration, AVC can be enabled on a device within minutes. For bulk deployment, an AVC configuration template is also provided.
Figure 12. AVC configuration in Cisco Prime Infrastructure
The data provided by AVC can be used for multiple purposes, proactive monitoring, capacity planning, and troubleshooting both infrastructure and application performance issues. The types of reports which can be generated by AVC include, but are not limited to:
- Top N report: Top applications, top clients, top servers, top URLs
- Throughput: Application distribution over interface
- Application Performance: Latency, data transfer time, application latency
- Voice and Video Performance: Jitter, Voice conversation report
Figure 13. Sample reports from Cisco Prime Infrastructure
AVC Component – Control
AVC utilizes two technologies to provide application-level control to provide application bandwidth and path control.
Figure 14. Control technologies used in AVC
By using Cisco QoS technology in conjunction with application identification provided by NBAR2, AVC can provide per-application bandwidth control such as guaranteeing bandwidth, limiting maximum bandwidth, and prioritizing latency-sensitive application. QoS classification (class-map) has been enhanced to support classification based on NBAR2 application and attributes. These classification criteria can work in conjunction with existing QoS classification criteria such as ACL or DSCP. For more information on QoS, please visit http://www.cisco.com/go/qos
AVC can also provide intelligent path selection through Cisco Performance Routing (PfR) technology. When there are multiple links, PfR can monitor the traffic path in real time and select the path which can satisfy the performance requirement for the application. For example, network administrator can define a policy for real time voice traffic with performance threshold such as delay or jitter, PfR will constantly monitor all the available paths and only send traffic over the paths which can meet the performance requirement. For more information on PfR, please visit http://www.cisco.com/go/pfr
In today's environment, network has critical roles to deliver optimal application experience to the end users, and at the same time provide network admin visibility into the applications and their performance in the network. Cisco AVC addresses these challenges by providing the capabilities which are integrated into the network infrastructure to identify, monitor, and control applications. This integrated approach simplifies the operation, yet provides pervasive application visibility and control to address the increasing challenges of delivering applications with high quality of experiences.
For More Information
- Cisco AVC: http://www.cisco.com/go/avc
- Cisco Prime Infrastructure: http://www.cisco.com/go/ciscoprimeinfrastructure
- Cisco Developer Network (CDN) for AVC: http://developer.cisco.com/web/avc

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Moderators: Three Stars, dagny, pfim, netwolf
Rylan wrote:If Tretiak stays in goal in 1980, USA does not beat the Soviets and Miracle never happens. Just my gut feeling.
Rylan wrote:I am not saying he was a slouch. It was more of psych advantage to the US than a talent thing. Getting Tretiak pulled had to be a HUGE morale boost to the Americans. If that makes sense?
Rylan wrote:If we think Soviets are 86'd, why not just do all of Europe? Is Kovalev or Bondra better? Is Jagr the greatest European player ever? Where does Hasek fall in terms of all time greats? etc.
Rylan wrote:Those were more suggestive questions mikey that you, or someone else, could mold into a better discussion.
Rylan wrote:I don't like decade arguments. Never did, never will.
Zach6668 wrote:How about best player per decade?
Completely off the top of my head, and wide open to discussion...
90s - Lemieux
80s - Gretzky
70s - Orr ... Bossy? (couple careers cut short, not spanning the whole decade...)
60s - ?
50s - Howe
40s - ?
30s - ?
20s - clearly need Mikey's help on the early years...
Would research more, but just wasting time on my phone, and kind of a pain.
Was thinking about the early NHL a bit and was wondering who the best players were then, and that kinda led me to this...
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 8 guests


text:
Thursday, August 14, 2008
New Copic Website Features
Today I suggest you download our brand-spanking new Catalog. This is jam-packed with wonderful artwork and useful information for every type of artist and papercrafter. We don't even have the catalog back from the printer yet, so the new catalog is an exclusive download right now! Courtney, our fabulous graphic designer has been working for months on this project as well as updating the website so you get more from your Copic experience.
Here's a sneak peak of one of my favorite pages from the new catalog. This gives you a good idea of the fun feel and useful info you'll find packed inside:
Give us your feedback on the brochure, post your comments here and WIN a classic, cool, exclusive, black "I Heart Copic" t-shirt along with a few other goodies that we'll choose.
I'll be drawing winners next Friday morning, so you have a whole week to win.
Thanks for your feedback!
208 comments:1 – 200 of 208 Newer› Newest»
- Susie said...
Great info - thanks. I always wondered the difference between the airbrush cans and now I know - how much "air time" in a can. I also need that wire storage for my Sketch markers.
- August 14, 2008 at 2:45 AM
- shooskua said...
I downloaded the catalogue and it looks great! Excellent job on the layout. Everything is very clear and well organized. I already see a few things I gotta have.
- August 14, 2008 at 3:14 AM
- wsdanielson said...
What a great catalog! So much information and lots of questions answered. Thanks for directing us to that
- August 14, 2008 at 4:39 AM
- Edie said...
I love the style and tone of the catalog and the - very readable, very "learnable" and encouraging for the newbie and enthusiast alike!
- August 14, 2008 at 4:40 AM
- Kerry J. said...
Wow - awesome! Such a great resource as well. TFS!
- August 14, 2008 at 5:29 AM
- Nicole said...
I am downloading this one and the stamping one, too!! WOOHOO! I can't wait to investigate!
- August 14, 2008 at 5:36 AM
- Fran said...
Looks like the catalogue will give lots of information for both old and new users of Copic.
- August 14, 2008 at 5:42 AM
- Joyce K said...
I love the new catalog. Just think there might be some things I have to have! I also love your website with all of the helpful information. Thanks!!
- August 14, 2008 at 5:58 AM
- Terri H. said...
Marianne, I hadn't seen that Copic website before. You're right, it's filled with great information. I just found out I've been inserting the markers into the airbrush system incorrectly. I'll be going back frequently to check out helpful hints. Love the new catalog.
- August 14, 2008 at 6:03 AM
- Jackie said...
I love all of the brochures and just sent the link to my friends. The brochures and catalog answer alot of questions about the Copic markers, are very well organized,and easy to read.
- August 14, 2008 at 6:26 AM
- Dawn said...
This is awesome! Thanks so much for making it available to us ASAP!! =)
- August 14, 2008 at 6:48 AM
- Karolyn L said...
Love the new catalog. It is simple, concise and very informative. The colors and illustrations are also great! I especially like the page that has the cards on it. Wonder whose those might be?!! Thanks for sharing your new catalog, Marianne!
- August 14, 2008 at 6:58 AM
- Misti said...
WOW! Very colorful with lots of artwork. You have a lot of information packed into it!! It makes a great resource tool!
- August 14, 2008 at 6:59 AM
- Sandy Knecht said...
Great Brochure! The layout is nice, I like that it is in color and I really got a better idea of some of the product I don't have. Wonderful brochure. Thank you Copics...and Marianne!
- August 14, 2008 at 7:02 AM
- artfulwhimsies said...
these are all wonderful resources for information!!! I of course saw things I must have, and the bright colors are very appealing~ great job!!
- August 14, 2008 at 7:03 AM
- Denise ~ Paper Ponderings said...
This is great! It looks like it answers all of my questions!
- August 14, 2008 at 7:06 AM
- Lori G in PA said...
Catalog is great....has that "want to pick it up and study every page" look. Am printing it so I can pour over every page. Thanks!
- August 14, 2008 at 7:13 AM
- Tammy said...
I love the catalog. Lots of great info! I'm really interested in the Air brush system. I love the look of nestabilities air brushed before they are removed from the dies.
- August 14, 2008 at 7:13 AM
- Becky said...
I'm off to download the catalog. I LOVE my copic markers (although I don't have a lot - YET)
- August 14, 2008 at 7:17 AM
- Dragana Skoro said...
This is fabulous! One of the best catalogues ever. Thanks so much.
- August 14, 2008 at 7:17 AM
- RM3116 said...
Wow! The new catalog is fabulous! Your blog is so informative. I've learned SO much!
Thank you!
Rene' Mewes
- August 14, 2008 at 7:20 AM
- craftyteaspoon said...
Now I need the wire stand -- how many Sketch markers does it hold? I've tried for a month to view it on the Copic site but it keeps saying that the site has no products available in that catagory (wire stand).
Off to read the catalog more throughly and plan my next Copic purchase.
Marianne - love your blog. It is as easy to understand and full of humor as you are.
- August 14, 2008 at 7:29 AM
- Kim said...
Awesome job on the new catalog! I love all the bright colors and WONDERFUL information about all the product lines! I see a bunch of new things I HAVE to HAVE now!
Hugs~ Kim
- August 14, 2008 at 7:35 AM
- Kathi said...
The catalog is loaded with great information that is well presented, clear, and concise.
I'll be keeping it as a reference!
- August 14, 2008 at 7:39 AM
- wendy peatross said...
This is great. I love all of the info and explinations of everything Copic offers. The explination of techinques in the Stamping with Copics brochure is wonderful. Love them.
- August 14, 2008 at 7:42 AM
- Nancy said...
I love all the colour and how you've highlighted so many different aspects to using the markers (from Manga to Scrapbooks). My favourite page though, has to be the one you highlighted.... "but how can that be???" tee hee!
- August 14, 2008 at 7:50 AM
- Mary said...
The catalogs are beautiful - very well done. Tons of info that's easy to read and find. I'm definitely downloading them!
- August 14, 2008 at 7:52 AM
- Incredible CreatAbles said...
Great brochure! Very informative. I wish I would have had it before I purchased my markers.
- August 14, 2008 at 7:58 AM
- Pam/Iris said...
oh...great catalog! I'll be checking it out often, thanks!!
Pam Hooten
- August 14, 2008 at 8:03 AM
- marla said...
Great catalog and what wonderful info.
- August 14, 2008 at 8:08 AM
- Casie said...
Great new brochure! It covers all of the basic questions you have when you first start out with copics.
- August 14, 2008 at 8:19 AM
- tigardlilly said...
Loveing the catalog and the Stamping with Copics in the Library too!
- August 14, 2008 at 8:28 AM
- Monika in VA said...
Awesome job! I especially love the color listings ~ where on one page you can see all the sets available for each type of marker. ALthough I really don't understand why the Sketch sets 72 a & 72 c both have Black 100 ~ I would be happier with another colorless blender ~
Thanks for all the great info!
monikawilson at cox dot net
- August 14, 2008 at 8:48 AM
- Sherry said...
... I have seen so much artwork done with Copics but still really didn't know a whole lot about them, this was very informative! I can see now why so many people are using them! What impressed me the most is how many different types there are and that they last for such a long time! .. I have been holding off on these because of the cost but knowing I can refill them and change nibs makes it a more affordable option in markers! Great Information!!
- August 14, 2008 at 8:59 AM
- Carolyn said...
Your blog and now a catalog with all of the pertinent information in one place is a HUGE plus for me. The brochure explaining tips and when to add ink is a great example of what we have been looking for.
thanks so much
- August 14, 2008 at 9:08 AM
What a great resource! The catalog is great for newbies like me (and your website is the absolute best!) Thanks for sharing! :)
- August 14, 2008 at 9:12 AM
- Faith said...
Just saying WOW!!! I've waited a long time for this!!! I love you guys!!!
- August 14, 2008 at 9:13 AM
- Jessrose21 said...
I didn't know there were so many different kinds of nibs available. Very good to know! Thanks for the great resource.
- August 14, 2008 at 9:19 AM
- Diane M said...
These new brochures are great! I need all the help I can get. I've also turned my 18 year old nephew on to Copics and these will definitely help me to get him more information.
Thanks for the awesome inspiration you provide!
- August 14, 2008 at 9:20 AM
- faith said...
Nice....easy to follow.
- August 14, 2008 at 9:40 AM
- Two Scoops Rice Designs said...
I love copic and the tutorials and samples are GREAT! A lot of instructional catalogs can get to wordy and technical, but you can tell its created by artists, because the language is simple and straightforward, not technical and garby.
- August 14, 2008 at 9:53 AM
- Terri said...
Wow! Great catalog. I love the tips.
- August 14, 2008 at 10:01 AM
- Carrie said...
I have taken the certification but there is a lot to remember. This catalog will help because its an added resource. I love your blog and print all the information - thank you!!
- August 14, 2008 at 10:09 AM
- Char-The Mad Shopper said...
I downloaded and saved the new catalog. It has helped to clear a few things up for this newbie copic user. I also appreciate the daily lessons from the blog. Thanks for everything.
- August 14, 2008 at 10:18 AM
- Donna said...
I am speechless! the catalog is fantastic, informative & I LOVE the smattering of artwork throughout it! thank you for sharing!!
- August 14, 2008 at 10:27 AM
- mamichelle said...
Wow, that's a great catalog! Love the illustrations & artwork!
- August 14, 2008 at 10:29 AM
- gale said...
Thanks for the heads up on the copic site! I don't go there often anymore (now that I have your blog to read) and think it looks great!! I am downloading the catalog right now.
- August 14, 2008 at 10:47 AM
- jkstiles77 said...
Thanks for providing us with these resources ... very helpful!
- August 14, 2008 at 10:51 AM
- reflections:0) said...
Thank you, for reminding me to check out the Copic website, it had been some time... It all is looking great and very, very helpful as is your blog...
- August 14, 2008 at 11:13 AM
- Lisa Charleton said...
WOW! I have a small set of Copic markers and haven't had much of an opportunity to use them. This makes me want to sit down and play - and order MORE!!
- August 14, 2008 at 11:23 AM
- Petal said...
If I hadn't already bought 144 ciaos in the last couple of weeks this would have definitely sold it for me!
So how do you use copics with quilting? I'm intrigued!
- August 14, 2008 at 11:52 AM
- Pamela said...
I just started with Copic markers and really like them! I need to learn more techniques!
- August 14, 2008 at 12:06 PM
- JoyceAnna said...
Wow...the catalog is really fresh. I love all the illustrations decorating the pages but they don't detract from the merchandise description.
So, how do I get a hard copy?
- August 14, 2008 at 12:13 PM
- Deborah said...
What a cool catalogue. It looks very fun, and enjoyable to read. So much clear information.
I may have missed it (I should be sleeping after my nightshift) but the one thing I like to see is a complete colour list without the colours organized into sets.
- August 14, 2008 at 12:18 PM
- msfitzie said...
The new catalog was very eye catching and drew you in to read the material. I personally would like to see more video examples...but I'm a monkey see monkey do kinda gal. The pages were laid out in a way that took you from one piece of information to another. I very very rarely read every little bit of info in a catalog...but I did this one. I wanted to immediately know the prices so I could start shopping....this is a good sign!!!!
- August 14, 2008 at 12:21 PM
- Pamm said...
Thanks so much for the airbrush info.....I was really confused before I read that!!! I am soooo addicted to Copics!
- August 14, 2008 at 12:26 PM
- Sandy C. said...
I downloaded and printed the catalog and the stammping information. Great to have, I was wondering whether or not I could replace the chisel point on my sketch markers with a fint point tip and it looks like I can customize them anyway I want. That makes me love these markers even more!
- August 14, 2008 at 12:50 PM
- Michelle said...
the new catalog is fabulous! Lots of great information and tips, and it's fun to look at, too!
- August 14, 2008 at 1:02 PM
- Vanessa Farkas said...
Sorry if this actually 2 messages? I had to sign up for google and then didn't see the first message? I love Copic Markers. The new catty makes me drool, very lady-like, I know :)
- August 14, 2008 at 1:05 PM
- Aimee said...
love all the info it gives... and your blog has been great and full of information
- August 14, 2008 at 1:10 PM
- Sonya said...
Having some problems viewing the catalogue but what I've seen so far doesn't disappoint!
- August 14, 2008 at 3:13 PM
- ginapier said...
I check yourblog every day you are so talented- I nominated you for a blog award- see here; http://ginapier.blogs.splitcoaststampers.com
- August 14, 2008 at 3:47 PM
- Lorraine said...
I'm a new reader to your blog, and I have some catching up to do! I've already learned so much and your catalog is my wish-book!
- August 14, 2008 at 3:49 PM
- stamps&cars said...
I love the new catalog. The way it is presented is easy to understand and decorated perfectly! I even saw that I can get some air compressor pieces if my Tria holder won't work!
- August 14, 2008 at 4:16 PM
- Donalda's Blog said...
Just downloaded the catalog and man that is just awesome. The drawings and coloring is just gorgeous. It is so nice to have so much info there. I have been buying more copics and refills. Oh I need a second job to support my habit here. Tell Courtney she has done a beautiful job on the catalog. Thanks again for all of your hard work in bringing us so much info it sure is appreciated.
- August 14, 2008 at 4:57 PM
Another great resource from you! Thanks!
- August 14, 2008 at 5:43 PM
- Regan said...
I love your site- I have just started into these lovely little things and your info is GREATLY helpful!
- August 14, 2008 at 6:07 PM
- QueenPam said...
Thanks Copic for all the info in the Catalog and the other materials.QueenPam
- August 14, 2008 at 6:19 PM
- Melody (lacyquilter) said...
Excellent catalog and the stamp brochure is a wonderful source of basic information. I love all the excellent info you give on your blog.
- August 14, 2008 at 6:41 PM
- Jen said...
I love it- it looks great! Thanks for all your helpful tips with the pictures. I also love looking at the artwork.
- August 14, 2008 at 6:43 PM
- :Jayne said...
I love my Copic markers! The color catalog is inspiring and sooo informative for a beginner like me! I can't wait to get my hands on the wire storage for my markers.
- August 14, 2008 at 7:12 PM
- Lil said...
I love this site!!! You have really explain alot that I didn't know. I am new to copic markers and now I am hooked. Thanks , keep the articles coming.
- August 14, 2008 at 7:19 PM
- Becky said...
This blog is wonderful. I am slowly building my collection of markers and learning through this blog at the same time. Thanks for the info on the Copic website.
- August 14, 2008 at 7:31 PM
- lord_hungeren said...
The catalog is magnificent! Just looking at the first page inspired me to git out my Copics start sketching! The catalog really show of all uses of the markers threw its art. Manga, illustrations, calligraphy, scrapbook, you name it. Copic is the beast!
- August 14, 2008 at 7:35 PM
- Barb Schram said...
I am new to Copics so this info and catalog is invaluable! Love your way of instructing and sharing your inspiring info with us...one of my dreams is to take your class! Maybe one day! Take good care, Marianne and thank YOU!
- August 14, 2008 at 7:46 PM
- Karen said...
wow - lots of information and love the color! very nice!!
- August 14, 2008 at 8:20 PM
Love the new catalog--so informative...just like having marianne here with me when I stamp and draw! YAY!
- August 14, 2008 at 9:37 PM
- michelle in mi said...
This info is awesoem and so perfect ohave on hand when your looking for the right inspriation!
- August 15, 2008 at 5:35 AM
- CrazyCards said...
I think it's a good catalogue. English is not my language, but it's easy to read and understand.
There is one thing I don't like about it: I just want more copics right now......
- August 15, 2008 at 6:30 AM
- Nicole said...
Marianne! I really like the catalog! It has so many tips and explanations on how the COPICS work. VERY easy to read and understand, not to mention FUN to look at! It is eye-candy for sure!
- August 15, 2008 at 6:37 AM
- KimberlyO said...
(I deleted my two posts above and combined both posts into one because I don't want someone thinking that I was double-posting to increase my chances of winning.)
I love how "fresh" the catalog looks. It's not a boring listing of items with black and white photos, that's for sure! :)
Additionally, since you are looking for feedback... It would be nice if the table of contents was available in the bookmark sidebar. That way if a person wanted to access a specific section in the catalog, they can just click on that bookmark. Also, I would suggest that you hyperlink the table of contents page too. That is one of my "peeves" about PDF catalogs - when I can't navigate the catalog. I don't want to have to keep going back to TOC page and then scroll to the appropriate page. I want to click and see the page I want. :) It's a fairly simple fix if you have Adobe Professional.
- August 15, 2008 at 7:09 AM
- Lori Barnett said...
I'm printing this off!! Great to have in my folder that I carry with me EVERYTIME I go to a craft or art store!! Looks like a lot of time (and love) went into this catalog!
Thanks so much for sharing the info!
- August 15, 2008 at 9:18 AM
oh this is awesome. I do go to the Copic website and have it bookmarked, but haven't lately. Awesome, especially for those of us who are the 'visual' type of learners. Love the catalogue!
- August 15, 2008 at 9:30 AM
- Tracey A. said...
I love the new catalog! It's sooooo colorful! Thanks for the great products and wonderful inspiration!!
- August 15, 2008 at 9:42 AM
- Nancy (Phantom) said...
Love the site, love the catalog, love your blog!! I refer anyone with questions about Copic to you :). The catalog is beautiful and has so much useful information ~ answers a lot of questions. Let the shopping list begin!
- August 15, 2008 at 9:56 AM
- Jillian said...
Wow, that's a fabulous catalogue! Lots to look at, and learn!
- August 15, 2008 at 10:05 AM
- Jeanette said...
This is a very well put together catalogue. It works ... I saw some things I am goint to add to my wish-list! Thanks Marianne.
- August 15, 2008 at 10:05 AM
- AmyR said...
I really like this new catalog - there is a TON of info in there! I've had my Copics (144 set of CIAO's) for over a year and I'm learning more lately than I ever did the first few months I had them.
- August 15, 2008 at 10:32 AM
- bcrosbie said...
Thanks so much for the great blog. I've enjoyed trying the techniques that you've been sharing. And the new catalog is a great resource too!
- August 15, 2008 at 10:47 AM
- Mary Sue Bancroft said...
Such a great tool to have on hand. So glad Copic decided to offer it to all of us.
- August 15, 2008 at 11:18 AM
- K. said...
I love the set up of the site. Love, love, love the new catty. The artwork is beautiful. I need more refills just to blob on paper. It helped me decide my next set will be Ciao 72A.
- August 15, 2008 at 11:35 AM
- Kerry said...
Nice bright, modern catalog. Interesting to "read". One question I did have (and maybe it's just ignorance on my part), but there are three icons (ink drop, nib and thumbs up) in circles on the pages with the various markers but I could not find a legend anywhere to tell me what they meant (but maybe I just missed it). I'm guessing that the ink drop means that you can refill the marker, that nib means you can replace the nib, but I can't figure out what the thumbs up icon is supposed to indicate.
- August 15, 2008 at 12:05 PM
- retiredheather said...
I really appreciate the great info in the cataloge. It makes it so much easier to make your choices. The drawings were really great...they gave me ideas of what I could do...if I had the talent. Great informative and beautiful catalog.
- August 15, 2008 at 12:15 PM
- liannallama said...
Just an FYI:
It crashed my FF browser and when I opened in IE it said it was too high of a PDF version and I needed to upgrade.
But I was able to look at it and it looks fab! My favorite part is the wonderful art you show in different styles and artists. I love the bright colors and fun feel of the catalogue!
- August 15, 2008 at 12:37 PM
- Britiney said...
I'm a copics lover wanna-be. Pick me!!
- August 15, 2008 at 12:41 PM
- Amy said...
Wow! The new catalog is great! I really like all the detail information about the products. It's great that they list your blog on the catalog. {I do like the full color layout which is in the previous catalog,so I'll still hang on to that one also.}
- August 15, 2008 at 12:42 PM
- Judy in Indiana said...
Wow, a give away really brings ut the commenters, eh? I will have to go look for the catalog now. it'll be great to have for all us copic lovers.
- August 15, 2008 at 1:05 PM
- Brenna said...
Wow, nice catalogue. As far as feedback, I use copics a lot, but not for manga. Would it be possible to increase the non-manga artwork to show some nice examples of architectural sketches, as well as landscapes and other realistic subjects? And perhaps some ink sketches with all the awesome multiliners?
- August 15, 2008 at 1:28 PM
- Donna said...
The catalogue is awesome and so is the stamping brochure! Two thumbs up!
- August 15, 2008 at 2:03 PM
- Gracie and Fred's Grandma said...
This is a great resource. Can't wait to print it out and study it. I really want to take the Copic classes. I have only gotten bits and pieces of info and wanted to know more about all of it. Especially air brushing. This appears to be well writeen from my skimming. The colors and artwork really draw you to it.
- August 15, 2008 at 2:53 PM
I think it's pretty cool. It also displays the "green" aspect of copics - no empty marker tubes in landfills.
- August 15, 2008 at 3:22 PM
- Penny and Rusty said...
Thanks for the info on the new catalogue. I didn't even know Copic had glitter pens!! :-D
- August 15, 2008 at 4:39 PM
- Nimue said...
I love how you're getting so much information out to us Copic users. When I first got into Copics there was very little information available. I would have loved to have had a catalogue like this. I really appreciate the efforts Copic is making to help us with the learning needed to realize the potential of these wonderful markers - Nimmy
- August 15, 2008 at 6:50 PM
- Barb Bockman said...
I haveonly been using the sketch markers for a couple of weeks and I am really enjoying them. I really like the new catalog the only thing I would like to see is a check off sheet for the colors I already have otherwise I really like it. I like that I can download the catalog and print it out. Thanks for the opportunity to give feedback.
- August 15, 2008 at 6:53 PM
- Sandy Hulsart said...
Marianne, excellent new catalog, very eye catching with all the vibrant colors with a wealth of information. Great job. I enjoyed all the other parts of the library as well. Thanks to the entire Copic team for bringing such a wonderful presentation together.
- August 15, 2008 at 6:55 PM
- Ron said...
Terrific Catalog! So much info in one place and beautifully designed, too! A must-have and must-read resource.
- August 15, 2008 at 8:11 PM
- Marisa said...
Love your blog and the new catalogue is very informative. Just started using copic and got so much information from this site and copics site. Thanks so much for sharing your information with everyone.
- August 15, 2008 at 8:40 PM
- donatelloh said...
The catalog is fantastic! I might actually have to print it out so I can take it with me (to drool on LOL). I already see too many 'have to have' items! I LOVE the drawings in each section. The graphics are terrific! Wonderful all around job. Thank you Marianne and Copic!
D in FL
- August 15, 2008 at 11:01 PM
- Sally said...
great catalogue! I know so much more about copics. Thanks for making it so much more user friendly.
- August 16, 2008 at 6:44 AM
- Christine said...
Wow - I learned some new things. The very best catalogs, IMHO, are ones that provide helpful information in addition to infomation about the product. I also loved the layout and flow - very fresh and artsy. I just attended a Copic class at Impress and I'm definitely going to have to add to my collection.
- August 16, 2008 at 12:14 PM
- Colette said...
Artwork and diagrams are over-the-top AWESOME. I love that many of the brochures and such are electronic now. I can't wait to send my copic addicted friends to your sight. Just a suggestion for us papercrafting freaks...listing the numbers included in the stamping and scrapbooking specialty sets would be phenomonal. Thanks for sharing this info w/us, Marianne. You ROCK!
- August 16, 2008 at 12:38 PM
- Laura O'Donnell said...
love the catalog! card samples are fabulous. I'm still debating myself if I need sketch or ciao, if I should buy a set of colors or pick out my own. this catty is a great reference for a beginner.
- August 16, 2008 at 2:46 PM
- Jacilynn said...
Very Cool! I need all the help I can get. Since I'm new to copic. Good Work
- August 16, 2008 at 3:38 PM
- Maureen said...
Great catalog - very informative and really love all the art!
- August 16, 2008 at 4:39 PM
- chinamomxtwo said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- August 16, 2008 at 6:08 PM
- chinamomxtwo said...
I absolutely love the colors and the art in the catalog! Wonderful!!
Wouldn't change a thing! Thanks once again for all the great info! It really helps after making the investment in the markers :)
- August 16, 2008 at 6:11 PM
- Dianne said...
The catalog is wonderful....clear, bright and filled with information. I love the cover and the artwork throughout.
- August 16, 2008 at 8:42 PM
- Silvergirl said...
Hi Marianne~
Wonderful job on the catalog! It's packed with such an amazing amount of support and education... and the layout is so user friendly.
- August 16, 2008 at 9:12 PM
- reeree62 said...
Nice looking catalog... beautifully designed. Nice to have the info!
- August 17, 2008 at 6:17 AM
- Melissa Bove said...
Awesome Catalog! Such great info!! Now I really can't wait to use my Copics!! Keep up the great work! Hugs, Melissa
- August 17, 2008 at 7:59 AM
- Ookami said...
nice catalogue, the layout was very well done.
- August 17, 2008 at 10:02 AM
- Kathie Hatfield said...
Thanks so much for the informative brochures. It's so helpful to see excellent illustrations and helpful descriptions regarding refills and the airbrush system. These are great resources.
- August 17, 2008 at 2:07 PM
- Angela said...
Hey, that's my fave page! Being new to Copics I really appreciated all the detail info on each item, especially when differences were noted. Very easy to read!
- August 17, 2008 at 2:33 PM
- Anne Holliday "Connie" said...
Too, too cool. Thanks for the loads of info and all the great downloadable (is that a word) sttuff. BRAVO Copic people!
- August 17, 2008 at 5:20 PM
- Janet said...
The catalog is great. I'm sure I'll learn a lot from it. I'll need to pay much more attention to the COPIC site. It has a lot of useful information!
- August 17, 2008 at 5:26 PM
Great resource, easy to read, awesome layout!
- August 18, 2008 at 3:18 AM
- Natasha said...
I saw the catalog. It has great information in a few pages!
- August 18, 2008 at 8:24 AM
- jules said...
I love that...I did not know they could be refilled. awesome.
and this is a neat catalog.
- August 18, 2008 at 9:17 AM
- curtis said...
The new catalogue is great, a lot of useful information. Thank you. You must have the best job ever!Thanks for sharing all your tips with us. Susan N. (not Curtis)
- August 18, 2008 at 9:57 AM
- Karen said...
What a great resource!
- August 18, 2008 at 10:33 AM
- Toni said...
This catalog is great. It is full of good information and will help me greatly. I just got my first set and and dying to start playing with them. So many things, so little money. Lots in here that I would like to have.
- August 18, 2008 at 12:00 PM
- Colleen said...
Thanks for directing us to the copic website. Great information. I'm bookmarking this as a resource.
- August 18, 2008 at 2:05 PM
- Kat said...
Thank you for the catalogue download, the information on your blog, and the opportunity to win a tee shirt. I've learned a lot from you and will continue to follow your blog.
- August 18, 2008 at 2:23 PM
- Kat said...
Thank you for the catalogue download, the information you provide o your blog, and the opportunity to win a tee shirt! Now to make a shopping list.
- August 18, 2008 at 2:25 PM
- Suzanne J Dean said...
Ok, obviously I don't follow directions well & commented on the wrong post-lol! So here goes:
Love the new catalog--in fact I see a few things I might "need" to order, lol! I might order the book too for some extra helpful hints. I'm wanting to take a Copic Certification class--do you think you'll have one in the Washington,DC metropolitan area at any point? I'm keeping my fingers crossed. Thanks for all your great tips too!
Suzanne Dean
- August 18, 2008 at 4:18 PM
- Barbie said...
great graphics! now i can 'replace' my old color chart (it's marked up with the colors that i have and the colors that i want).
- August 18, 2008 at 4:22 PM
- leenda said...
Whoa! Fabulous layouts, illustrations & valuable information...Beautifully done. I've gotta have one of those color wheels.
- August 18, 2008 at 4:31 PM
- Bel said...
Thanks for the great catalog chock full of tips and ideas--very useful! :) I appreciate the support Copic gives its customers!
- August 18, 2008 at 5:16 PM
- Connie said...
Great resource and info! Thanks!!!
- August 18, 2008 at 7:06 PM
- Lastel said...
The catalog is great it has such wonderful useful information !
- August 18, 2008 at 7:21 PM
- Val said...
Thank you for the link for the catalogue. It was great to see all the things that you can "dream" of having! The information on the air brush system was great. I hope to try that out one day.
- August 18, 2008 at 8:22 PM
- Kari C said...
This is so helpful! I love your blog, but I love my Copics more!! ;]
- August 18, 2008 at 10:18 PM
- ~Michelle~ said...
I love your new catalog....I love the layout and the sample artwork....so inspiring! Also love the pen tip shapes with the available colors with each pen style. Great JOB!
- August 19, 2008 at 5:27 AM
Love the catalogue. Some amazingly talented people working at Copic. I love your blog...it inspires me each time a new post is available. Copics are my true addiction!! :)
Thank you for all the time and engery you put into your blog.
- August 19, 2008 at 8:34 AM
- Mary Kelly said...
The new catalog is great! Very colorful, well organized, and easy to find what you want. (Which is everything!) Your blog is awesome, too!
- August 19, 2008 at 10:05 AM
- huntla1 said...
The new catalog is a fun mix of color and important information. I even found something that may have to go on my gotta have list!!! Thanks for the opportunity to win some blog candy.
- August 19, 2008 at 12:21 PM
- verna said...
Excellent and very helpful!
- August 19, 2008 at 12:45 PM
- marikris said...
The new catalog looks great! I love the fun and bright colors of each page since they complement the copics featured so well.
- August 19, 2008 at 12:59 PM
- Paperfections said...
Great brochure! Love the colors and illustrations in it. Also very informative. I also printed out the hand color chart off of the website. It will be great to color with the markers and use as a reference for matching colors while working on projects. Thanks!
- August 19, 2008 at 7:10 PM
- c_feige said...
Wow!!! The catalog is beautiful, educational and very, very tempting. I luv, luv, luv color and want every marker. Alas, I can't have them all, but, between the extremely useful and informative info you've given us on your blog and the organized view of all Copic products in the catalog, I can wisely and slowly build my collection. Before, I
just loved the Spica pens, but now I know why...sparkle! As the fortunate receiver of a Copic kit, I already had the drawing book and some Sketch markers. However, my purchases of other Copics was hap-hazzard and getting out of control as I bought a few used in card classes, a few because I liked the colors but didn't fit with others and a few duplicates... Now I have some guidance on color families, etc.
This afternoon a stamping friend told me about your blog, and tonight I've spent hours soaking up as many of your fascinating tips as I could...can't wait to read more of what I've been missing and try out some of the techniques. Thank-you, gracias, merci...
Carol F.
- August 19, 2008 at 11:57 PM
- Juliana said...
the doggie and the bubble is just too cute--draws in the eye--and isn't specific to manga artists or stamp artists.
- August 20, 2008 at 2:44 AM
Fantastic new literature filled with tips and explanations.
I loved the illustrations by K. Haruka! WOW!
I would be proud to wear a COPIC T-shirt!!!
- August 20, 2008 at 4:29 AM
- d'Dragon said...
Love the new website, especially the Library - actually printed the new catalog! Everything is so helpful!
- August 20, 2008 at 5:13 AM
- Tricia said...
Great catalog! Thanks!
- August 20, 2008 at 7:52 AM
- Lil said...
I love the new catalog and all the info included!! It's a great starting point for techniques on using the markers... I am hooked and can't get enough.
- August 20, 2008 at 9:11 AM
- Kim Ross said...
Love the new catalog! It's so bright and colorful... but more importantly INFORMATIVE! It was fun to see your art and Cambria's cards in there, too! :)
- August 20, 2008 at 9:34 AM
- Paula said...
I like the new catalog- lots of information. Thanks for bringing it to our attention, and for the link to the Copic Library too!
- August 20, 2008 at 11:55 AM
- Jan Scholl said...
will there ever be a case or wallet that will hold all the Caio Pens. I have the two plastic cases that each old half but I would like to tote them along and find it akward. I love the color chart. I made another one using a made up block of spaces but this one works better. Making two sets!
- August 20, 2008 at 2:06 PM
- Dale said...
Great Job! I downloaded the catalog, very well laid out. I know theres a few things I must have, more than a few. I have had my copics for 3 years...not an artist but have learned so much from you that it sure looks like I know what I am doing. Thanks.
- August 20, 2008 at 6:56 PM
- Juli Smith, SU! Demo said...
What a wonderful resource! Thanks for announcing it here, and double thanks for a chance to win such an awesome t-shirt! I know many of us would wear it with great pride!
- August 20, 2008 at 8:02 PM
- Lauraline said...
It really looks great, I would love to have a paper copy.
I would miss the color chart in the middle though, as there was one in the last catalog. And I would have loved to see the content of the craft sets. I didn't had time to go through the website, so maybe the info is there...
- August 21, 2008 at 3:36 AM
- cards4u said...
Thanks for all the great info for a great product!
- August 21, 2008 at 7:06 AM
- Stacy said...
The new catalog is great! Full of information and well organized.
I agree with those that would like to see a complete list of colors not organized into groups (although the groups thing is helpful too)
- August 21, 2008 at 7:32 AM
- Diana said...
The catalogue looks so nice and presents your products in an organized fashion that is very easy to understand.
- August 21, 2008 at 7:43 AM
- Charlene said...
Wow, a friend turned me onto this site. Great information, thanks so much.
- August 21, 2008 at 8:16 AM
- Katie Renz said...
So much information, so little time. Its great seeing all of it in a new catalog.
- August 21, 2008 at 8:17 AM
- hollygtn said...
Wow! Great new and INFORMATIVE catalog!!! It looks great. I learned a lot. I can see I'll be spending even more money on Copic accessories!
- August 21, 2008 at 9:10 AM
- Nancy said...
Wow great job! Everything is very clear and wel done! I already see a lot of things I like to have. I love your blog and my Copics!
- August 21, 2008 at 9:31 AM
- fernilix said...
I love the new catalog! I'm really glad you guys explained the differences between the Ciao and the Sketch more clearly. I thought the Ciao was a disposable marker, glad that's cleared up! :)
Great catalog and I look forward to buying more Copics!!
- August 21, 2008 at 9:49 AM
- MichelleO said...
Wow... you have added a lot to the library since I visited. The new catalog is much more user friendly with tons of great info. Love the photo instructions. I printed out the color chart, as mine had printed colors and they don't match the actual ink colors. And the stamping catalog is wonderful! I just got my air can system, great info there! Now to practice with it.
Thanks so much I love your blog and have learned so much!
- August 21, 2008 at 9:52 AM
- TC said...
I like the new catalog. I like page 5 with the card pictures,page 11 that explains the various nib sizes for each pen type, and page 26 for the block storage units. I have to get those. Those are my favorite pages, but I found that there was a lot of useful information through out the catalog. I will definitely have to get the new catalog when it's published in hard copy. Thank you,
Theresa Dalzell-Wells
- August 21, 2008 at 10:05 AM
- Judy said...
Great new catalog! One big problem: I want all of it.......well, almost all! Great info resource about Copic products.
- August 21, 2008 at 10:31 AM
- Judy in Indiana said...
The information is great and I can't thank you enough for sharing!
- August 21, 2008 at 11:09 AM
- Amy said...
Wow I finally got to check out the new stuff and it looks great. It reminded me that I need to get ahold of some new Copics and that I must have a clear Spica as well. Must...Have...More!!!!
- August 21, 2008 at 11:39 AM
- smiles4u said...
Great catalog! I absolutely love your daily posts and love my copics more and more each day...thanks to you.
- August 21, 2008 at 11:47 AM
- nisha said...
Clear, detailed and concise! Great job...I already have some new ideas thanks to the catalog!
- August 21, 2008 at 1:25 PM
- Karen said...
Lots of useful info!
- August 21, 2008 at 2:40 PM
- Gail S. said...
Thank you for your informative website and also letting us know about the catalog. You are always full of information. Really enjoy stopping by!
- August 21, 2008 at 3:42 PM
- Cindy E said...
I can't think of anything that I would change in the catalog! Very informative for this newbie Copic addict!
- August 21, 2008 at 3:50 PM
- Lisa Hjulberg said...
I especially like the airbrushing and stamping brochures... and the color wheel. I'd love to see larger samples of each color to help in choosing new markers. Thanks!
- August 21, 2008 at 4:24 PM
- Jodie said...
I think is great that you started this blog. and the library is even more wonderful thank you so much for giving us so many helpful tips
- August 21, 2008 at 5:24 PM
- Kathy said...
I love all the catalogs. My only complaint is that although I've got about 90 Copics, looking at the catalogs and browsing your site makes me feel like I really need more :-)
Thanks so much for the wealth of information that you share.
- August 21, 2008 at 10:56 PM
- Tina said...
Awesome catalog! I love the graphics and how clean and fun the info is explained about Copics. I also love how well organized it is. Thanks so much!
- August 21, 2008 at 11:09 PM
- Barb said...
This brochure has all the info customers ask for. I esepcially like the chart at the end which compares the different markers. Great job!
- August 21, 2008 at 11:20 PM
- Ami said...
I think it has great information and it's organized very well and USEFUL. That's the important thing :)
- August 22, 2008 at 5:36 AM
- Ketha said...
I absolutely love this website and the new Copic website. Both are so "user friendly". It's so nice to be able to have a step-by-step instruction site. Both make it so easy to find what you're looking for and answer questions that I hadn't even thought of yet. HOORAY to both. Thanks for allowing us to download the catalog...it's wonderful.
- August 22, 2008 at 6:19 AM
- rachele said...
Just what I've been looking for! Your blog is THE BEST!! The new catalog is GREAT! I really like the COLOR WHEEL & the info on how to understand the Copic Color System.
- August 22, 2008 at 9:18 AM
- Sara said...
Found your site quite by accident and have been reading it ever since. super helpful. Your brochure answered my question weather copics are "to good to be true". Clearly they are not. =)
- August 22, 2008 at 9:20 AM
- linda said...
I just ran into the Copic website and saw the link to your blog. I love the catalog, the graphics are terrific. Both your blog and the website will be on my favorites and I'll be checking back frequently. Thanks
- August 22, 2008 at 9:22 AM
- Lorie said...
The catalogue is beautiful! I love how everything works so well together!
- August 22, 2008 at 9:24 AM
- Ilina Crouse said...
Great work and great info. Very very useful. Thanks!
- August 22, 2008 at 10:29 AM
- catdidit said...
The catalog is awesome! Wellthought out you can tell, and VERY helpful for anybody, from newbies to more experienced!
- August 22, 2008 at 11:02 AM
- Stampmouse said...
i am loving your site. I don't have copics yet but they are on order so soon learning lots. now that i have google reader I can save my favorite ones too thanks
- August 22, 2008 at 11:02 AM
- Susan said...
The brochure has some great tips in it - love it!!t
- August 22, 2008 at 11:25 AM
- the Daily Scrapper said...
I love that shirt so cool.
- August 22, 2008 at 11:36 AM
I love my Copics and I love the new catalog. Love the blog and all the information you so generously give. Can't wait to have the time to really soak up all the tips and techniques.
- August 22, 2008 at 11:46 AM
- Jean said...
This is such a cool catalog. Maybe I'll upgrade from being an artist wanna be to novice!
- August 22, 2008 at 1:10 PM
- Rena said...
I downloaded the catalog right away. It had a very neat design, and was helpful too. I found out about a few products I didn't know you offered and even got a little more info on how to use the airbrush system. Thanks for the help!
- August 22, 2008 at 1:49 PM
- Becky in East Tennessee said...
Downloading now! Geesh! How did I miss this before???
I love love love your markers. I love the versitality of them.
- August 22, 2008 at 2:16 PM
- Mari said...
I really liked the catty - especially your building on pg 4. Gave a great visual for 'moody'. The only thing I would do different is to have the page of colors directly following each page of marker type. I can understand why not - just giving my opinion! :)
Thanks for all your hard work!
- August 22, 2008 at 2:18 PM


text:
Difference between revisions of "Rail travel in India"
Revision as of 18:14, 14 July 2011
This article is a travel topic
Nearly all trains in India are operated by the government-run Indian Railways (IR) [1].
IR is the third largest rail network in the world, and the rail system is efficient, if not always on schedule. Tracks running well over 60,000 kilometers help connect about 7500 stations, ferrying nearly 20 million people every day. Although distances in India are long and Indian trains aren't the world's best, traveling in them can add a fascinating new dimension to a visitor's experience. There is virtually no better way to make friends with the local people and see the spectacular and diverse Indian countryside. On many routes the railways are the fastest and cheapest way to get around.
Regular Trains
All regular trains in India are either super-fast, express/mail, fast passenger, passenger or local/suburban trains. The broad hierarchy from luxurious to normal is as follows:
Mountain trains
Indian Railways operates trains to various hill stations in India. Travelling on them is a delightful experience, with the tiny trains passing through tunnels, over bridges, around curves and loops amid spectacular scenery. The three mentioned below are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Tourist Trains
These are akin to five-star hotels on wheels. Operated jointly by IR and state tourism departments, they are a wonderful way to experience the sights of India without having to worry about the hassles of travel and accommodation.
Despite the numerous types of trains and classes, the fare system is quite logical.
Before booking a ticket, pick up a copy of Trains At A Glance [12], the national rail timetable, from any railway station. This is updated every July and remains valid until the end of the next June. It allows you to choose the best train for your needs, and find the name and number of the train for your destination. However, this is a general guide and does not contain a detailed list of all stations, neither does it contain all the trains that ply. A more specific guide depending on the "rail zone" is available at important stations on that zone. For example, a detailed guide on trains plying in West India (i.e. the Western Zonal Timetable) will be available at all major railway stations in West India. You can also get the whole schedule online at [13]. A list of trains operating between a given pair of stations can also be obtained online [14].
It is necessary to reserve tickets in advance in order to travel by any of the classes listed above (except GS). Tickets an be booked in two ways:
Internet booking
There are two different types of tickets that can be booked online:
Counter Booking
Tickets are also sold at most railway stations and at Indian Railways' 1000-plus computerised passenger reservation centres located across the country. For reservation at a counter, you need to fill in a paper form and submit it to the clerk at the counter (occasionally, after a long wait in a queue) along with the payment in either cash or by credit card. Credit cards are accepted at most important stations. Counters in the metros and other important cities accept Visa, Mastercard, AmEx and Diners Card, as well as cards of most Indian banks. There are generally 1 to 3 counters where credit card payment is allowed, depending on the station.
Booking Tips
Non-confirmed accommodation
If you do not get a Confirmed (CNF) ticket, you may get one that is Waitlisted (WL) or in the Reservation Against Cancellation (RAC) status. If you've booked your ticket in advance, it will probably move from WL to RAC status or even to CNF status as time goes by (because of cancellations), so it is a good idea to check it periodically and keep your plans dynamic. Use the 10-digit Passenger Name Record (PNR) number, printed on the top right-hand corner of your ticket, to check the status of your ticket at any point of time, either on the website [17]or by phone (dial 139, from any landline telephone in India).
You cannot get on to a reserved compartment if your ticket is waitlisted (you can only enter a General Compartment). But if you have an RAC ticket, you are allotted 'sitting' berths - i.e. in a Sleeper Coach, you and a fellow RAC ticket-holder share a berth so that both of you can travel sitting instead of sleeping. The Ticket Examiner then allots you a CNF sleeping berth as and when one is available due to last minute cancellations, no-shows etc. Depending on the train, the route and the season you are travelling in, the RAC ticket may get upgraded to CNF either as soon as the journey begins, mid-way through the journey or not at all.
Many trains keep a small quota of seats known as Tatkal (meaning 'immediate' in Sanskrit or regional languages) for sale two days before the departure date. There is an extra charge for these seats. This option is also available at the time of booking online. Even with this extra quota (about 4% of the seats on a train) it can sometimes be difficult to get the train you want when you want it.
IndRail Pass
The IndRail Pass is valid for all visitors to India. It is a pass which allows unlimited travel on all of IR's trains except:
IndRail passes automatically expire 1 year from the date of issue. However, prior reservations are necessary. The IndRail Pass is generally not good value for money if you are staying for a month or more. However, if you choose to travel in Executive Chair Car for 2 or 3 journeys over a couple of days, it is indeed worth purchasing.
IndRail passes are available for sale in railway offices at the following stations - Agra City, Agra Cantt, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Aurangabad, Bangalore City, Howrah, Chandigarh, Chennai Central, Gorakhpur, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Mumbai Central, Mumbai CST, Mumbai Churchgate, New Delhi, Puttapurthi Town, Rameswaram, Secundarabad, Trivandrum Central, Vadodara, Varanasi, Vasco da Gama and Vijaywada. General Sales Agents are authorised to sell the IndRail pass at a 3-5% surcharge in New Delhi, Mumbai, Bangkok, Dhaka, Durban, Frankfurt, Helsinki, Kuala Lumpur, London, Muscat, New York, Paris, Port Louis, Sharjah, Sydney, Tokyo and Toronto.
Many important trains also have a tourist quota available for foreign travelers and holders of an IndRail pass. Payment must be in foreign currency, usually US Dollars or Pound Sterling, or in Indian Rupees backed with adequate proof of foreign exchange conversion (an ATM receipt is usually acceptable). A passport may also be required. There are very few seats available on this quota and, with tourism to India on an upswing, it is best to try for a seat at least two or three days in advance.
Even if you have an IndRail pass, reservations are compulsory. You cannot reserve tickets online using an IndRail pass.
Intracity transport
The larger cities in India are generally served by more than one railway station. Most trains might halt at only one station, while others may stop at two to three.
Local rail network in cities
IR runs suburban railways in Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune. Kolkata and Delhi have subway (Metro) systems as well. The Delhi Metro [18] is airconditioned. The Kolkata Metro and other suburban trains are not air conditioned. Local rail networks are often crowded, but are generally the fastest and cheapest way to get around cities which have them. Those who are not accustomed to it are advised not to travel in local trains as it might be quite troublesome for them to alight from the train at the correct station after pushing through a large crowd of other commuters.
Tram systems in India were built by the British in Kanpur, Calcutta, Mumbai and Chennai. Only the Calcutta trams remain. Although appreciated for being emissions-free, they are not very popular due to the painstakingly slow speeds. Tram lines are being removed in much of Kolkata. A project is going on to renovate the remaining tram tracks in Kolkata.
Hot food is available at mealtimes on almost every train in India. The food is mostly prepared in kitchens at railway stations and then loaded onto the train, either onto a pantry carriage attached to the train (on most important trains), or just brought on board by waiters and distributed directly to passengers. In most cases, a waiter collects orders an hour or two before mealtimes and if you don't place an order, you may be left out in the cold. However, in trains having a pantry car, breakfast is prepared on board the train and you do not have to place an order beforehand. You can tell which trains have a pantry car because there is a P listed with the classes available in Trains at a Glance. Meals available for lunch and dinner are generally vegetarian and non-vegetarian thalis (rice, dal, a vegetable (chicken or fish curries for non-veg thalis), yogurt (often sour), chapatis and occasionally, a sweet dish) or (veg/egg/chicken) biryani. Chilli chicken (sweet and sour chicken wings with chillis) is often available. Breakfast normally onsists of vegetable cutlet (a veggie patty) and bread, or omelet and bread. Pantry car service always includes the sale of tea, coffee, cold drinks and "namkeen" (chips and other salty snacks). Note that while pantry cars mostly re-distribute food, they do have a small kitchen and, if you're sick of the daal/chappati that shows up in the thali, it doesn't hurt to visit the pantry car and see if they can rustle up an omlet or some fresh chicken curry with parathas. The quality of food varies, with the fare being better in the South and West. Moreover, concepts of hygiene, taste, cuisine changes from region to region.
Most pantry cars and restaurants at stations are now managed by Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC) [19]). IRCTC provides satisfactory quality and hygienic food aboard trains and at stations. IRCTC kiosks are ubiquitous where one can find snacks/breakfast/packed foods/ biscuits/ cookies/ mineral water etc. IRCTC also operates world class restaurants called Comesum [20] at important stations.
On the Rajdhanis and Shatabdis, all meals are included in the fare and are served at your seat at mealtimes.
If you are finicky, bring enough food and bottled water for the journey including delays: bananas, bread, and candy bars are good basics to have. Most important stations will have vendors selling all kinds of edible stuff, but the usual caveats about eating in India apply. Often, snacks and food reflect local specialities and, in the case of cooked food, are quite safe to eat.
General information
IR runs two hotels in Delhi and Howrah. Passengers can book independant rooms ar dormitories on production of tickets. Known as the Rail Yatri Niwas, the facilities are very basic and the rooms are quite shabby. There is a self-service restaurant.
There are also two Railway Hotels in Puri, Orissa and Ranchi, Jharkhand, which offer far better service than the ones in Delhi and Howrah.
Retiring rooms are available at most major railway stations across the country. They offer basic facilities including a bed, mattress, blankets, drinking water, closet, restroom (and in the case of airconditioned rooms) a television. One has to produce a reserved journey ticket in order to be able to book retiring rooms.
Dormitories, both airconditioned and non-airconditioned, are available at almost all railway stations in India.


text:
NIght Jerseys selling like hotcakes in Ohio
So I was at the Dayton Mall this morning (its about 55 miles SW of Columbus) and I saw they had the night game jersey at Cardboard Heros. I went in and checked out a few things, actually purchased the Michigan Grill cover for my birthday grill my wife got me this year. While checking out the store manager was on the phone with another location asking them if they had any of the night game jerseys left, he then said.. only youth, dang, all right thanks, then hung up...I then said to him you been selling alot of those night game michigan jerseys, He said that they were already out of most sizes and they were almost doubling the Ohio jersey sales....just that one design. I loved it. Just thought I would share.


text:
Emergency Notes
Henderson County fire calls
The Henderson County Fire Commission reported the following alarms between noon Sunday and noon Monday:
u Bat Cave, respiratory distress, 8:19 a.m.
u Blue Ridge, emergency, 4:05 p.m.; respiratory distress, 10:29 p.m.; full arrest, 2:01 a.m.; sick call, 7:10 a.m.
u Dana, assist invalid, 2 p.m.; suicide, 3:22 a.m.; respiratory distress, 3:37 a.m.; victim down, 9:57 a.m.
u Edneyville, respiratory distress, 7:26 a.m.; stroke, 10:21 a.m.
u Etowah-Horse Shoe, public service, 4:17 p.m.; heart attack, 11:59 p.m.; victim down, 11:33 am.
u Fletcher, sick call 9:17 p.m.; respiratory distress, 3:05 a.m.
u Mills River, overdose, 1:02 a.m.; heart attack, 1:18 a.m.; assist invalid, 4:26 a.m.; respiratory distress, 10:15 a.m.
u Mountain Home, respiratory distress, 9:31 a.m.
u Saluda, head injury, 9:57 a.m.
u Valley Hill, smoke investigation, 2:34 p.m.; tree down, 3:23 p.m.; assist invalid, 8:09 p.m.; assist invalid, 9:03 a.m.; smoke investigation, 10:51 a.m.
Hendersonville fire calls
The Hendersonville Fire Department responded to the following calls from noon Sunday to noon Monday:
u Victim down, 12:22 p.m.
u Emergency, 2 p.m.
u Auto accident, 4:10 p.m.
u Sick call, 4:13 p.m.
u Victim down, 4:33 p.m.
u Victim down, 2L28 a.m.
u Respiratory distress, 8:05 a.m.
u Auto accident, 9:40 a.m.
Crime Report
Henderson County Sheriff
The Henderson County Sheriff's Department responded to 208 calls Sunday and deputies served no warrant(s).
Hendersonville Police
The Hendersonville Police Department reported 106 calls Sunday. Officers made no arrest(s), investigated three accident(s) and provided two assist(s) to other agencies.
The following crimes and incidents were reported Sunday, according to law enforcement records:
Henderson County Sheriff's Department
u Domestic, Knoll Ridge Road, 4:29 a.m.
u Breaking and entering, Haywood Road, 1:08 p.m.
u Larceny, Edna Oaks Road, 2:11 p.m.
u Larceny, North Rugby Road, 2:57 p.m.
u Animal bite, Laurel Wood Lane, 4:03 p.m.
u Breaking and entering, Nello Avenue, 4:16 p.m.
Hendersonville Police Department
u Damage to property, U.S. 25 North, 7:19 a.m.
u Larceny, North Highland Lake Road, 1:11
u Auto accident, Howard Gap Road, 3:52 p.m.
u Auto accident, North Justice Street, 10:11 p.m.
For the record: Jan. 1
Emergency Notes


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3/3/2010 •
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