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Nearly six decades after it first aired, an "I Love Lucy" Christmas special from 1956 was last week's most-watched holiday program, according to ratings released Tuesday.
There was a gimmick involved: The episode of the 1950s Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz sitcom was colorized, as was a companion episode that featured Lucy as a grape-stomper in Italy.
The "I Love Lucy" special on CBS drew 8.7 million viewers to rank as last Friday night's most-watched program and No. 16 for the week overall, according to Nielsen figures. Holiday runner-up "A Charlie Brown Christmas," which debuted in 1965, settled for 6.4 million the previous night on ABC.
CBS was the No. 1 network among total viewers and averaged 8.8 million viewers in prime time.
NBC's "Nightly News" topped the evening newscasts with an average of 9.2 million viewers. ABC's "World News" was second with 7.9 million and the "CBS Evening News" had 7.1 million viewers.
ESPN was the week's most popular cable network, averaging 2.9 million viewers in prime time. The Family Channel had 2.38 million, the Disney Channel had 2.3 million, USA had 2.2 million and History had 2 million.

subset: commoncrawl


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|NewsUSA) – As time has drifted on, the characteristics of a family have slowly changed. From the era when mother, father and children all sat at the dinner table together, played board games and crossword puzzles and watched their favorite television show as a single unit to the present, when families have so many different activities that it rarely permits them to spend any time together as a single group, the definition of "quality time" has been altered.
In fact, sociologists and authors Suzanne Bianchi, John Robinson and Melissa Milkie suggest in their book, "Changing Rhythms of American Family Life," that parents are actually spending more time with their children than in 1965. But the time may not be spent as a single unit and is often scheduled around all other activities.
"We are robbing our children and we are robbing ourselves of the richest relationships of our lifetime," warns parenting expert Mary Gordon. "It means we're not really shoring them up for success. Little children need adult time, and they need together time … without any agenda."
Many factors contribute to lost family time: Parents are working longer hours, family members are involved in more activities and video games consume children's free time. So, what can parents do to get that old-fashioned family atmosphere back?
One of the best ways parents can spend more time as a complete family with their children is by adopting their activities. According to a 2007 Neilson study, 41 percent of all U.S. homes have at least one video game console — an 18.5 percent increase from 2004.
Consoles like the Nintendo Wii are a great source of entertainment for children and adults, and they can be a way for parents to find quality time as a complete family. The Wii has many four-player games, like the popular Wii Sports series, where you can play bowling, golf and tennis.
Parents who wish to use their Wii for family bonding can keep their quality gaming going strong with the MeWe Quad Charger designed by Hamgo, Inc., an independent Wii video game accessory manufacturer and distributor. The Quad Charger allows Wii owners to charge up to four remotes simultaneously with their rechargeable battery packs, eliminating the constant need to buy and replace AA batteries and providing up to 13 hours of play time per remote.
For more information, visit www.hamgo.com.
This article is copyright free. You are free to use it on a blog, website, in a newspaper, or newsletter.
To re-post this, copy the content above, or HTML on the right, and paste onto your site.


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- Quick links
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Specializing in education and research in management, HEC Paris offers a complete and unique range of educational programs for the leaders of tomorrow: Masters Programs, MBA, PhD, Executive MBA, TRIUM Global Executive MBA and Executive Education open-enrolment and custom programs.
Founded in 1881 by the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry and founding member of Université Paris-Saclay, HEC Paris has a permanent faculty, more than 4,400 students and over 8,000 managers and executives in training every year.
The Grande École curriculum is divided into a generalist phase and a specialization phase. The first phase concentrates on business fundamentals, while the second one focuses on acquiring an expertise (chosen according to the professional goals of the student). The unique structure of the curriculum enables students to acquire both an excellent grounding in general management and expertise in a specific field. We firmly believe this combination is the key success factor in training future leaders and making a lasting impact on the careers of our students. The second year of the Master's program Cycle is composed of a specialized and professional curriculum, and the composition of a research paper.
Specialized Masters are one-year Master's degrees taught in French. They are designed for students who already hold a Master's degree in an other field and wish to specialize in a specific field of management. MSc programs are one-year Master's degrees taught in English. They are designed for students who hold a Bachelor degree in any field from leading international universities.
Custom designed for managers between the ages of 25 to 35 with previous work experience averaging 6 years, the MBA program addresses both functional and crossfunctional skills, through a fundamental and a customized thread to cover all areas of management in depth. Highly selective, the program has around 250 participants per year, from 52 different nationalities with diverse backgrounds and experiences.
Participants gain hands-on, practical experience through seminars integrated into the curriculum, such as the MBA Tournament and the off-campus leadership seminar at St-Cyr Military Academy.
The Executive MBA is a transformational experience which offers senior managers and executives from all around the world the opportunity to select one of the 8 majors that take place in 14 international locations, and also to take classes in any of its different tracks in France or Qatar.
The EMBA is an interactive and intensive program developed to provide executives with an understanding of the international business context, as well as the comprehensive, practical and innovative knowledge and skills they need, to put their vision into action.
TRIUM Global Executive MBA enables executives to understand the world, as it is today and will be tomorrow.
Ranked #3 Executive MBA worldwide by the Financial Times, it is a unique degree jointly awarded by 3 world-renowned universities: HEC Paris, London School of Economics & Political Science, New York University Stern School of Business.
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Executive Education offer training programs for business leaders and host over 8,000 executives and managers from the whole world, to assist companies in training managers, future managers and leaders.
Our desire is to offer executive education programs specifically built for managers and executives. They allow you to gain perspective by revisiting your convictions, learn from the diversity of participants in the class and offer proximity and access to corporate issues. HEC Executive Education relies on the excellence of the faculty of HEC Paris, the expertise of its external speakers and the international reputation of its research in order to offer its customers a unique and unforgettable experience.
Your Gateway to a career in research and academia
The mission of the PhD Program is to train top-level researchers in the major areas of management, and thereby faster the reputaion of HEC Paris in the best business schools in the world (MIT, Harvard; Princeton, LBS, INSEAD, Oxford, Cambridge,...). Since 2015, HEC Paris delivers the 'Doctorate in Management Science' degree in partnership with the University of Paris Saclay.
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We intend for participants to leave HEC Paris informed, equipped and inspired to take their learning into the world.
The faculty is central to knowledge creation and dissemination at HEC. Our 108 research faculty (over 66% from outside France) work on internationally acclaimed research in most of the major disciplines of management, reflecting the diversity of thought and cultures, the open-mindedness and the exacting intellectual standards promoted at HEC.
The permanent faculty is reinforced by affiliate professors bringing their academic and professional skills to HEC's students and program participants.
All these professors enhance HEC's courses and programs through their research work, original teaching materials, and personal interaction with the business world; they contribute to corporate reflection on management issues and are involved in national and international scientific community debates.
At HEC Paris, companies find what they are looking for: interns, young graduates, MBA graduates, executive education programs, professors to work with on research or teaching projects. Drawing from this positive experience, some of them decide to support HEC's development and become HEC corporate partners.
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Clyde, NSW mortgage brokers
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Robert "Bob" M. Cummins, 68, passed away Saturday at his home in El Dorado.
Robert "Bob" M. Cummins, 68, passed away Saturday at his home in El Dorado. Services will be at 2 p.m. Thursday at Kirby-Morris Funeral Home.
Bob was born Dec. 31, 1943 in Wichita, the son of Merlin and Betty (Jones) Cummins. He attended school in Wichita graduating from North High School. He was united in marriage to Linda June Wilson on Sept. 20, 1963 at the First Baptist Church in El Dorado. Bob was a tool and die maker for Cessna Aircraft for many years. He was a member of the Church of God of Prophecy. He loved old cars, fish and golf. He loved to spend time with his grandchildren.
Survivors include wife, Linda; son, Lane and wife Holly of El Dorado; daughters, Bobbi and husband Neil Parrigon of Pierce City, Mo., and Randi and husband Tony Harvey of Potwin; sisters, Anita and husband Ed Wiley of Wichita and Cynthia Schultz of Hutchinson; and eight grandchildren. He was preceded in death by his parents and sister, Nancy.
Memorial has been established with Good Shepard Hospice. To leave condolences for family go to www.kirbymorrisfuneralhome.com.


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12:00 am
Austin City Limits "The Shins/Dr. Dog" This show highlights two alternative rock groups. The Shins play from their latest recording Port of Morrow while Dr. Dog performs selections from Be the Void.G
1:00 am
Nature "Magic of the Snowy Owl" Harry Potter's faithful companion, Hedwig, is one of the "Snowies," known for their magical beauty, intelligence and charm. Filmmakers head deep into the owl's tundra home on the North Slope of Alaska to observe the daily struggles involved in raising a family of helpless owlets until they are able to fly. These Arctic owls exhibit a range of skills greater than those required of magical messengers.G
2:00 am
Frontline "Climate of Doubt" In 2008, climate change was hot. Politicians in both major parties, pressed by an anxious public, seemed poised to act. Today public opinion has cooled and politicians ignore the issue or proclaim their skepticism of scientific evidence that human activity is imperiling the planet. FRONTLINE correspondent John Hockenberry of PRI's "The Takeaway" goes inside organizations that have fought the scientific establishment, environmental groups and lawmakers to shift the direction of debate on climate issues and redefine the politics of global warming.G
3:00 am
MI-5 "I Spy Apocalypse" The alarm goes off for a test of an emergency response system to germ warfare in Central London. But as team members see their boss get sick and see victims die through the only link to the outside, they fear they may be facing the real thing.G
4:00 am
Call The Midwife "S1 E4" A baby girl, recently delivered by Jenny, is snatched from her baby carriage, causing anguish to her family and uniting the community as they search for the missing child. Meanwhile, Cynthia witnesses another type of loss as she assists in the case of soon-to-be parents David and Margaret. Part 4 of 6G
5:00 am
Broadway: The American Musical "I Got Plenty O' Nuttin' (1930-1942)" Creative growth rises from the Depression: Cole Porter offers glamour; Rogers and Hart star Gene Kelly in Pal Joey; and George Gershwin creates an American opera, Porgy and Bess Part 3 of 6G
6:00 am
Mister Rogers' Neighborhood "Kindness" NULL
6:30 am
Curious George "The Fully Automatic Fun Hat/Creatures of the Night" George wants to have a hat as fun as the Man with the Yellow Hat's yellow hat. George thought it was odd that all the food was gone from the bird feeder in a single night.G
7:00 am
Wild Kratts "A Bat in the Brownies" When a little brown bat crashlands into a plate of Jimmy Z's famous brownies, Martin and Chris out set out to convince Aviva, Jimmy Z and Koki that bats are nothing to be afraid of. With bat activated Creature Power Suits, the bros follow join their new friend on a nocturnal fly about, and the entire crew must come to the rescue when the bat colony's roost is destroyed by a lightning bolt. In the end the Wild Kratts crew "goes batty," as they gain a new appreciation for bat ecology, predators and insects and echolocation, and learn to love bats. D
7:30 am
Peep and the Big Wide World/Pocoyo "Finding Time/Smaller Than A Peep" Quack thinks he's turning into a duck-fish. Peep discovers a magnifying glass, which leads to more discoveries. Pocoyo: Hush - Pocoyo and his gang want to make friends with a butterfly but every time they say hello, it flies away. D
8:00 am
Cat in the Hat Knows A Lot About That! "Aye Aye!/Trick Or Treat" Aye Aye! - Nick and Sally are making Halloween masks, but they want to make them really scary. Cat takes them to meet Aiya, the Aye Aye, in the forest of Spookywoowoo. Aiya shows them, that even though he may look scary - his big ears, huge eyes and long fingers help him to find food. D
8:30 am
Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps "Angelina's Trick-Or-Treat Feat/Angelina and the Laughing Poet" Angelina's Trick-or-Treat Feat - The mouselings' Halloween costumes don't arrive in time for Trick or Treat. What will Angelina and her friends do? How can they Trick or Treat without costumes? When they decide to use creative ways to express their characters through dance, they realize they didn't need costumes after all! Angelina and the Laughing Poet - Ms. Mimi teaches the students about poetry. She wants them to use dance to convey emotions in a poem. D
9:00 am
Bob the Builder "The Big Dino Dig Special (Pt. 1)" Lofty and the Diggers Three - Lofty is jealous of the camaraderie between the three diggers, Scoop, Muck and Scratch. When he overhears them talking about 'The Diggers Three', he is eager to join their club. Bob announces the team is to build a park full of rides and games for children. D
9:30 am
Franny's Feet "Puppet Pals/Sweet Mystery" A) Franny travels to India, where she meets two squabbling sisters, who are preparing a shadow puppet show for their mother's birthday. Franny helps them learn to collaborate, and together they put on a wonderful show. In Franny's Treasures, Franny and the viewers help Bobby position himself in relation to the light source so he can make shadows. D
10:00 am
Wishbone "A Tail In Twain (Pt. 2)" This live-action program follows the exploits of Wishbone the dog and his human friends, Joe, David and Samantha through their adventures in their hometown of Oakdale. Wishbone's everyday experiences trigger his imagination and he finds himself in scenes from classic works of literature. In this episode, Joe, Samantha and David are looking for adventure, and find it when they spy a strange man digging around the "No Name Grave. D
10:30 am
Dialogue "Naomi Shihab Nye: Conversations from the Sun Valley Writers' Conference" The Palestinian-American poet, essayist, novelist and teacher talks with host Marcia Franklin. In her writing, she is inspired by her experiences as an Arab-American, as well as the richness and diversity of people and places she has encountered in the U.S. and abroad.G
11:00 am
BBC Newsnight NULL
11:30 am
Consuelo Mack WealthTrack "International Investing Opportunities" Guests: Andrew Foster, Founder, Seafarer Capital Partners; David Nadel, Portfolio Manager, The Royce Funds. This week's Consuelo Mack WealthTrack focuses on international investing with David Nadel, portfolio manager and director of international research at the Royce Funds, and Andrew Foster, founder of Seafarer Capital Partners. Discover how these global investors are finding the best value, growth and income overseas by investing in emerging markets and smaller company stocks. D
12:00 pm
To The Contrary with Bonnie Erbe Women? the coveted voting bloc: From waitress moms to the debates about womens health and incendiary comments like GOP Senate Candidate Richard Mourdock's saying pregnancy was something that "God intended" even if produced by rape? we head into the last days before the Presidential election. European Parliament decries "men only" policy: Members of the European Parliament rejected a male candidate for a position at the European Central Bank because he was a man. Is this gender discrimination? Kathleen Turner on Her New Role: Interview with the actress as she dabbles in art and politics in her new play, "Red Hot Patriot. D
12:30 pm
McLaughlin Group "Homestretch Face-Off (The Third Debate)" Pat Buchanan, Author & Columnist; Tim Carney, The Washington Examiner; Eleanor Clift, Newsweek; Mort Zuckerman, US News & World Report. D
1:00 pm
Painting and Travel with Roger & Sarah Bansemer "The White Rose" Sahah tours the lovely Baha'i House of Worship in Wilmette, Illinois. Roger sets up his easel in one of the nine gardens and paints a white rose. D
1:30 pm
Sewing with Nancy "Quilts from the House of Tula Pink, Part 2" Make, use, and love artistic quilts and projects created with large prints and tubular strips. Designer Tula Pink works with Nancy to turn chaos into beauty for the Stacks quilt-stacking pinwheels, blocks, and continuous tube strips. They use squares and rectangles as a base to feature a Shattered Glass design, plus they give you confidence to work with framed large-scale prints, as in the Grand Salon quilt. D
2:00 pm
Quilting Arts "Quilts at Play" Quilting is all about having fun-don't take yourself or your quilting too seriously. We begin with Heather Jones as she stretches her improvisational piecing skills with an easy wall hanging. Then, Deborah Boschert is back to create a sheer silhouette over a dramatic fabric background with free-motion stitching and clever layering of materials. D
2:30 pm
Hometime "Timber Shed Roof Framing" The crew pre-builds timber frame style roof trusses inside and re-assembles them on site as shed construction continues. D
3:00 pm
Woodsmith Shop "Modular Bookcase" Join the editors of Woodsmith as they pack a lot of woodworking into this beautiful bookcase. You'll learn the custom design tricks along the way. D
3:30 pm
This Old House "Cambridge Project, Part 4 of 15" The crew starts the ceiling work on the first floor, host Kevin O'Connor learns more about Swedish Style, and general contractor Tom Silva lets some light into the master suite with the help of a new skylight. D
4:00 pm
Ask This Old House "Laying Sod in the Backyard/Installing A Wireless Thermostat" Landscape contractor Roger Cook helps a homeowner lay sod in his backyard. Then, Roger, along with host Kevin O'Connor, plumbing and heating expert Richard Trethewey, and general contractor Tom Silva, asks, "What is it?" Afterward, Tom shares a tip about finding measurements without doing math. And Richard installs a wireless thermostat to control a heating system. D
4:30 pm
Growing a Greener World "Garden Coaching (Atlanta, GA)" Just as athletes have trainers, we too can have personal garden coaches to help us achieve the landscape of our dreams. In this episode, we tag along with a coach to learn how they can guide, teach and empower us to be better gardeners on any skill level. D
5:00 pm
Moyers & Company "What Did The Debates Tell Us?" Four debates have come and gone, and in the aftermath of the pomp, points, and politics, what have we learned? And how has democracy been served? On this week's Moyers & Company (check local listings), two of the country's most astute political media observers -- Kathleen Hall Jamieson and Marty Kaplan -- join Bill to weigh in on the rhetoric and realities of two campaigns now in the home stretch, looking to make their cases by any means affordable. Jamieson is director of the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania and the driving force behind the acclaimed online watchdog FactCheck.org. D
6:00 pm
William and Mary Rick tries to find the right opportunity to tell Mary about his relationship with Molly. William's mother dies and he is shocked to discover the extent of her wealth. And Mary's ex-partner unexpectedly turns up on her doorstep.G
7:00 pm
Idaho Debates 2012 "2nd Congressional District Candidates" The candidates for the office of U.S. Representative from Idaho's second district meet to debate the issues.G
8:00 pm
Call The Midwife "S1 E5" When Nonnatus House cleaner Peggy's brother Frank is diagnosed with cancer, Jenny and the nuns are called upon to care for him. Jenny comes to know the siblings better, learning of their upbringing in a workhouse. Other residents become involved in helping Fred with his latest money-making venture - a pig named Evie. Part 5 of 6G
9:00 pm
Masterpiece Classic "Upstairs Downstairs, Series 2 - All The Things You Are" Harry, desiring to impress Beryl, and Johnny enter the world of boxing and, as their big fight draws closer, the boys are determined to reign victorious. Upstairs, as Lady Agnes and Sir Hallam drift further apart, she is reacquainted with someone who shows her an exciting world away from 165 Eaton Place. Meanwhile Sir Hallam makes a dangerous decision that will change his life. Part 4 of 6G
10:00 pm
New Tricks "Diamond Geezers" The murder of a police informant reawakens old wounds and threatens reputations of the members of UCOS. Standing in an effort to prove himself, compromises his own safety.G
11:00 pm
Fake Or Fortune? "Spoils of War" The finale focuses on a possible Rembrandt painting that's being sold by a South African auction house. The terms of the sale trigger an investigation into whether the painting may have been stolen by the Nazis during World War II.G


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I'm making a direct apology to all you Cal Arts students. I have used the term "The Cal Arts Style" to point to many familiar modern drawing and animation cliches in order to contrast them against more universal animation drawing principles, and I can understand why students might think I am directly blaming them or attacking them which I am absolutely not!
I'll elaborate on this in the next article, but first I want to post some life drawings I saw at a show at Cal Arts a couple weeks ago.
I have to say, when I was invited to Cal Arts to see this artwork, I wasn't expecting much. But when I arrived with Eddie, I was shocked to see these wonderful drawings!
This seated woman shows that the artist is very observant, can:
see in 3 dimensions,
understands hierarchies of forms (the details follow the perspective of the larger forms) and on top of that
has some individual style. There are some angles imposed upon the figure, but the angles seem to fit in sensible places-unlike many cartoon designs today that just have arbitrary angles for the sake of having angles.
This tortoise shows both form and style. In some areas the form is more evident-in the legs and the bottom of the shell. The top of the shell seems more arbitrary-less sensible, because the plates aren't following the perspective and form of the shell. But I can see that the artist when he is thinking about it, can make it make sense and that takes a good eye and a good brain.This seated girl on a tortoise shows that the artist is capable of applying what he learned from life drawing to an image he created out of his head. This to me is the goal of art school-to learn how things really look, and then to remember the principles that make things look the way they do...so you can then make up images that are convincing and show off your knowledge.
This drawing of a girl's face shows a lot of style and some form. Some of the form-the shoulder, the bottom of the nose, is cheated, but the drawing shows off obvious talent and personality.
Here is a slight caricature that looks like the artist really looked at the model. It doesn't look like a caricature that is trying to be in a certain caricature style. It isn't filtered through another artist's style. The artist didn't ask himself "How would Hirschfeld interpret this person?" Or "How would I draw this in an animation style?"
The drawing is based on pure observation, and when you draw from a model that's what you should do-get all your opinions from the way the model actually looks, instead of interpreting the model through a predetermined style. Every model is its own style.
This drawing shows foreshortening and perspective in the positions of the arms.
I'd love to see that in a cartoon drawing or animated scene.
These drawings are by an extremely observant and talented artist.
There were good "realistic" drawings like this plastered all over the walls at Cal Arts.
So if all this talent exists at the school, it makes me wonder why I never see this kind of talent translated into cartoon drawings or animation and acting, particularly in cartoons that are considered the "Cal Arts Style"-Don Bluth, Disney, Pixar, Cats Don't Dance etc. Or now- the flat style- The Cartoon Network/Nickelodeon TV fake UPA style.
None of these cartoons reflect the observational ability that I see in these life drawings.
It makes me ask the question; "What's the point of having strong talent and observational skills and then to turn around and not use any of these abilities in the cartoon drawings?"
Many of the cartoon drawings were at the level of typical Cartoon Network kiddie shows so it makes me wonder why the huge disconnect between the draftsmanship in the life drawings and the flat simplistic uninspiring cartoon drawings.
There's a big difference between these 2 drawings. The top drawing anyone can do. The bottom drawings are done by a highly principled draftsman who learned his fundamentals first before deciding to draw in a stylized way.
I know from 20 years of hiring and training students from Cal Arts and other schools-and kids with no schooling at all - that having good life drawings is absolutely no indication whatsoever of whether you can be a functional cartoonist or animator.
I know every animation school tells the students how important life drawing is, but then they don't teach you how to apply what you could be learning from your life drawings to your cartoon drawings.
I've been fooled before. I've hired artists who had great life drawings in their portfolio, and then found out they couldn't draw a cartoon to save their life. They couldn't make up a drawing out of their head and turn it around and pose it and make up expressions- all functional needs if you are to be an animation artist.
I have spent a ton of my own money retraining artists who already spent a hundred thousand dollars or so for 4 years at school and didn't learn to be functional.
This makes me mad, not at you students, but at the schools for not doing their job. I figure they owe me a lot of money because I have to redo their jobs for them. It's pretty established that I have trained a ton of artists and that after I do, these same artists are then in demand by all the other studios in town, so I hope you will take advantage of some tips I will give you for free now, while you have time at school to learn important principles of animation and drawing.
While I agree in theory that life drawing can be helpful to animators, it doesn't automatically follow that spending a lot of time drawing models makes you a good animator.
School should be methodical. It should teach you skills and then how to apply the skills to typical practical problems that you will encounter in the real world.
How many of you have seen artists who are really great at drawing something that is put in front of them, but when they have to make something up out of their heads, they can't do it? They draw primitively when they have to rely on their imagination or memory. It happens all the time.
Then you might know someone who isn't very good at copying things, but can animate and create things that look great, just out of her head.
The point of doing life drawings is to learn things that you can REMEMBER and then apply to your creative drawings-the ones you make up.
There should be a class that is a link between your life drawing class that makes you remember certain things about your life drawing class and then methodically apply what you learned to a cartoon drawing or a scene of animation.
Not anatomy. Anatomical cartoons tend to look awkward and clunky.
Solidity of structure but with organic surfaces
Individual specific features
Human expressions-as opposed to "animation expressions"
If your cartoon drawings are in some specific modern trendy style-like the flat style, then you don't need life drawing. In fact, you don't need to waste a hundred thousand dollars and 4 years of your life drawing in a style that so many amateurs with half your talent learn just by watching the Cartoon Network and copying the shows for free at home. There are a million people who can draw in that style.
You have talent. Don't you wanna show the amateurs and posers up? You can certainly do it, but you'd have to be methodical about getting there and you need to learn the difference between good drawing principles and stylistic cliches. You want to know how to take your observations from life and interpret what you have observed from life into cartoon form.
You should run and beg your teachers to show you fundamentals and to criticize your work if it's awkward, flat or clumsy. Otherwise you are throwing away a lot of money.
If you just want to be "creative" and an "individual", you don't need to go to school for that. Save your money and be a hippie at home! Schools should teach you decades of experience and fundamental knowledge.
Here is a clever page of cartoon drawings that is not typical of Cal Arts, These drawings are cartoons, but they don't fit into a trendy modern cliche style, but more important than that:
These cartoon drawings show a good understanding and observation of fundamental principles:
They show some knowledge of construction (they aren't flat). They show observation of real anatomy-which is not required in animation, but if you are going to do it, you should use your own observations like this artist did, not Don Bluth's imitations of Milt Kahl's observations.
I think this style would be hard to animate because anatomy is complicated and will slow down your learning of how to make things move in 3 dimensions. That's why I recommend using simple rounded characters while you are learning to animate-so you can spend your time learning to move things, rather than spending a ton of time trying to figure out how to draw very complicated forms from difficult angles, and then trying to animate them.
Then you see your animation test and it doesn't work, so you've wasted a lot of time drawing individual drawings that take too long to figure out.
These drawings have a lot of visual appeal too. Quite beautiful. The artist obviously has a good design sense and wants to follow in the footsteps of Mary Blair and Lynne Naylor. But both those artists have well rounded skills and drew in more principled styles before they developed their own signature looks.
If you intend to animate and choose a designy style while you are learning motion, you are going to run into a lot of problems trying to figure out how to get one pose to move convincingly into another pose. You will have to rely on tricks. You sure would have a tough time moving one head position slowly into another head position without having the features float all over the face.
I love design too, but think design is a more advanced goal and your design ability will be greatly enhanced by learning to draw and animate in 3 dimensions. I'll talk more about that in another post.
Draw better than the hacks and make good drawing be in demand. Your talent can lift the whole business up and make the hacks scramble to keep up with you! Don't aim low or you and all creative people will pay dearly for it later.
I know you are young and therefore rebellious and suspicious of all experience and authority and I don't blame you. I'm old and STILL suspicious of authority! But I distrust arbitrary authority-like dumbass executives who can't draw a straight line to save their life.
But I'll tell you one thing, I sure as hell begged Clampett, Jones, Avery, Hanna and a lot of the classic animators I knew to teach me every possible little thing they were willing to share with me and I applied many of their hard won techniques to my own cartoons and created my own style and quite a revolution doing it.
You can be much more of an individual if you learn the difference between solid principles and stylistic tricks so I can only hope a few of you take my advice and make yourselves the most powerful and creative artists your gifts will allow you to be.
I wouldn't go to this much trouble if I hadn't seen the strong talent and observational skills in your life drawings. Now I'd love to see you put that same kind of thinking into your cartoons!


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The University of Dubai was established in 1997 by the Dubai Chamber of Commerce & Industry to address skill and qualification gaps in the workforce and to support the government's human resources development programs in the private and public sectors.
Degree programs offered by the University of Dubai are recognized by the Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research in the UAE. The degree programs in the College of Business Administration are: Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Accounting, Finance and Banking, Management, Marketing, Human Resources Management, Entrepreneurship Management, Supply Chain & Logistics Management and Business Economics; and MBA in Leadership & Human Resources Management, Finance & Accounting, Operations & Logistics Management, International Business and Marketing. The College of Information Technology offers the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computing & Information Systems with additional concentrations in Information Systems Security and Electronic & Mobile Commerce.
The College of Business Administration is accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) and only 5% of business schools worldwide hold this prestigious international accreditation, including Harvard Business School. In addition, the Computing and Information Systems (CIS) program offered by the College of Information Technology is accredited internationally by the Computing Accreditation Commission (CAC) of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) in the USA. These two international accreditations position the University of Dubai as the first private university recognized by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research to earn such accreditations.Less...
Contact Information:
PO Box 14143
Dubai, United Arab Emirates


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Introduce Yourself
The Introduce Yourself forum is the place to tell everyone who you are. Where are you from? Do you currently own or train your dog? What is your passion? How did you get involved with dog training? How much do you love your dog?
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Way back in September, Microsoft in conjunction with Nokia showed off a new Lens app called 'Blink'. The app, a summer project by Microsoft Research, is a rapid fire camera program that will take numerous photos and then let you select which is best.
The app is kind of ingenious though because it won't flood your Camera Roll with 20 shots of the same kid running in the backyard. Instead, you save the shot (or shots) you want to your Camera Roll and then later, you can re-open that "project" in Blink to grab a different pic, if you so choose.
The Lens should be particularly useful for those with fast moving pets or for you breeders out there with kids. Instead of trying to capture that "one" photo, you can instead act like a sport photographer at the Super Bowl, picking one of a dozen photos you snapped.
We should note that images are not saved at their full resolution but are instead scaled down to 1280x720. That's not terrible and is probably a necessary tradeoff for the super-fast processing of many shots on the phone, still it's something you should know.
You can watch the above demo video by Microsoft Research to get a better idea of how it all works, or just hop to the Store for Windows Phone 8 and pick it up here. Thanks, Hiiiii, for the tip


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FON Access Points for Lithuania
FON Access Points for Lithuania - FON offers you a new Points of Interest service (POIs). This allows you to download FONspots directly to your navigation device. What does that mean? You can download a Points of Interest file directly to your navigation device...Read more


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5:30 am
Earth Revealed: Introductory Geology "Intrusive Igneous Rocks" Unveils the rock-forming processes of magmas that do not reach Earth's surface but solidify underground.G
6:00 am
Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly Pope's Resignation - With the surprise announcement by Pope Benedict XVI that he will resign effective February 28th, Kim Lawton reports on the process that will lead to the selection of his successor. We also report comments from prominent Catholics and other religious leaders about Benedict's legacy and their expectations for the future. Bob Abernethy hosts a discussion with Rev. D
6:30 am
Market to Market NULL
7:00 am
Second Opinion "Lyme Disease" Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by the microscopic bacteria that is carried by ticks. Trevor Shorb was a star high school lacrosse player when Lyme disease stopped him in his tracks and kept him on the bench for a few years. Most cases of Lyme disease can be effectively treated with antibiotics; however, late diagnosis can lead to complications such as arthritis and autoimmune conditions. D
7:30 am
Lidia's Italy In America "From Walken's Bakery to Scialo's Bakery" These recipes are a sweet way to end any meal. Lidia makes Boston Cream Cupcakes, Almond Pine Nut Cookies and Lemon Granita. She then heads to Scialo's Bakery, where she was inspired to create her own Boston Cream Cupcake recipe. D
8:00 am
Sara's Weeknight Meals "A Trip to Brazil W/Leticia Moreinos Schwartz" The flavors of Brazil come alive as Brazilian chef Leticia Moreinos Schwartz takes Sara to some of her favorite bodegas and Brazilian neighborhoods in Connecticut. They return to prepare traditional Salt Cod with Bacon, Onions, Eggs and Potatoes plus Chicken, Shrimp, Peanut and Cashew Stew. D
8:30 am
Simply Ming "On The Road In Chattanooga" On this Southern-inspired episode of Simply Ming, Chef Ming Tsai takes us to Chattanooga, Tennessee to learn some of the region's culinary secrets. An up and coming culinary hotspot, Chattanooga has a lot to offer the adventuresome palate. Ming and his local guest chef will explore the local markets and come up with two dishes that are sure to make your mouth water. D
9:00 am
Christina "Soy Vey" Is soy good for us? Bad? Will soy make you healthy or is it bad for our health? How much should we eat? Will I get enough protein from soy? What about GMO's (genetically modified organisms)? These and other burning questions will be answered for you when we place the focus on that wonder food.soy. D
9:30 am
Martha Stewart's Cooking School "Rice" If you have rice in your pantry, you're well on your way to a great meal - something you have in common with home cooks around the globe. Martha offers a lesson on the world's most common grain, starting with a perfect pot of fluffy white rice that you can incorporate into a main course or serve as an accompaniment to a host of other dishes. From there, she'll show you her tried-and-true techniques for flavorful pilaf, risotto and Thai fried rice. D
10:00 am
Cook's Country from America's Test Kitchen "Road Food at Home" Bridget uncovers the secrets to perfect Slow-Cooker BBQ Brisket. Then, Adam reveals his top picks for slow cookers. Next, Chris visits Harpoon Brewery to discover the best beers for cooking. D
10:30 am
The Mind of a Chef "Sweet Spot" David Chang's protege Christina Tosi makes corn cookies three ways and her three-layered Arnold Palmer cake. Chef Burns makes ice cream and Chang goes strawberry picking. D
11:00 am
America's Test Kitchen from Cook's Illustrated "Pork Chops and Lentil Salad" Test cook Julia Collin Davison uncovers the secrets to perfect Red Wine-Braised Pork Chops. Next, host Christopher Kimball reveals the test kitchen's best tips for storing, chopping and handling fresh herbs. Then, science expert Guy Crosby explains the science of braising. D
11:30 am
Scrapbook Soup Julie Fei-Fan Balzer demonstrates 3D paper stars using special computer software in the opening segment. Next, Julianna Hudgins creates an ornately embellished journal using a die cutting machine. Then, Lynell Harlow demonstrates how to create elegant flocked cards. D
12:00 pm
Paint This With Jerry Yarnell "Back Country Boulders, Part 3" In this final segment, Jerry shows technique of "capping" -- which creates the form of the boulders, along with how to make light "pop" in your painting while achieving a harmonized color throughout the painting. Jerry concludes with ideas to make this painting your very own. D
12:30 pm
Idaho State of Mind NULL
1:00 pm
This Old House "Essex 2012/13, Cottage Style" Digging for energy: geothermal bore holes are filled and grouted. General contractor Tom Silva shows how to weave shingles around a corner for a cottage look, and Norm helps him mill and install custom PVC window trim with standard stock from the home center. D
1:30 pm
Ask This Old House "Insulating Ductwork/Maintaining Clothes Washers And Dryers" Plumbing and heating expert Richard Trethewey visits Cortland, Illinois, to learn how corn is harvested and then to help a homeowner insulate his ductwork. Then, Richard, along with host Kevin O'Connor, landscape contractor Roger Cook and general contractor Tom Silva, asks "What is it?" Afterward, Kevin learns how to maintain clothes washers and dryers. D
2:00 pm
The Woodwright's Shop "Sawing Secrets" Chris Schwarz, editor of Popular Woodworking Magazine, joins Roy to explore the three classes of English sawcuts. Chris reveals the devious French tenon cheat and even shows us how to saw without a saw!. D
2:30 pm
Rough Cut - Woodworking with Tommy Mac "Drop-Leaf Table" The Drop-Leaf Table featured on this episode of Rough Cut has a lot of bang for the buck. Not only is the shaker-type style beautiful to look at, but the finger joints are fun to learn how to make. To get inspiration for this project, Tommy takes a Road Trip to the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston to see drop-leaf and gate-leg tables from centuries past. D
3:00 pm
MotorWeek "Srt Viper" Road Test: 2013 SRT Viper. Road Test: 2013 Nissan Pathfinder. Goss' Garage: Radiators. D
3:30 pm
America's Heartland Head south for an H2O harvest of crawfish in Louisiana. Sample some exotic recipes made with Belgian endive. Join the search as "working dogs" look for dangerous plant pests and celebrate a special anniversary as an Ohio farm family marks two hundred years of working their land. D
4:00 pm
NOVA "Earth from Space" This special reveals a new space-based vision of Earth. Produced in consultation with NASA scientists, the film takes data from Earth-observing satellites and transforms them into dazzling visual sequences, each one exposing the intricate web of forces that sustain life on Earth. The techniques reveal how dust blown from the Sahara fertilizes the Amazon; how a submarine "waterfall" off Antarctica helps drive ocean currents; and how the sun's heating of the southern Atlantic gives birth to a powerful hurricane.G
6:00 pm
Priceless Antiques Roadshow In addition to another pick-and-mix of the series' tastiest morsels, antique specialists talk about what it is like to join the ROADSHOW UK team.G
6:30 pm
Rick Steves' Europe "Florence: Heart of the Renaissance" Rick explores the city that is the home of the Renaissance and birthplace of the modern world, taking in works of art and architecture before climbing the dome that kicked off the cultural movement. Part 1 of 2G
7:00 pm
The Lawrence Welk Show "Mardi Gras" The cast invites everyone to "Come To the Mardi Gras" on this 1966 show. The Lennon Sisters sing "I Dreamed." Natalie Nevins describes "Mr. Wonderful." Dick Dale tells about "Shrimp Boats." Bob Lida cooks up "Jambalaya," and the cast and band swing into the "South Rampart Street Parade."G
8:00 pm
Are You Being Served? "Lost and Found" Mrs. Slocome loses her pussy-cat; oddly, it seems that only Mr. Humphries can take its place.G
8:30 pm
Keeping Up Appearances - The Memoirs of Hyacinth Bucket "The Charity Shop" Hyacinth is at her wit's end, what with the charity shop, Councilor Nugent, Rose's love life and her Daddy.G
9:00 pm
As Time Goes By "Showered with Gifts" When Lionel and Jean make a stand against the ghastly country set, they become popular with the villagers, who now shower them with gifts.G
9:30 pm
The Cafe "There's No Place Like Home" Meet the characters of this warm, funny observational series. Sarah without a job or boyfriend moves back home where her mother, Carol, owns a small seaside cafe, where her grandmother, Mary, also works. Colorful characters pop in and out, including Sara's old school friends.G
10:00 pm
The Red Green Show "Guinness World Records" The men try to devise ways of getting themselves into the record book. Then, Red makes a dog-powered swing out of a car seat.G
10:30 pm
My Family "The Wax Job" Ben decides to sell his dental practice and take up a hobby, which he finds even more boring. Meanwhile Susan's move up the art gallery ladder leads to more than one fall.G
11:00 pm
Doctor Who Series "The Wedding of River Song" As the Doctor makes his final journey to the shores of Lake Silencio in Utah, he knows only one thing can keep the universe safe - his own death. But has he reckoned without the love of a good woman?G


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Glen Oaks Community College has announced changes in hours and closures on the following three dates during the semester.
Tuesday (Feb. 12): Faculty in-service day. The bookstore and fitness center are closed 8 a.m.-noon so employees can attend the winter semester all-college meeting. The bookstore will re-open at noon and remain open through 6 p.m. The fitness center will be open noon-8 p.m.
Two additional closing announcements have been made to accommodate Consumers Energy work to ensure uninterrupted power to the college. In doing so, it is necessary to cut electrical power to the college:
March 15. The college will close at 11:30 a.m. That closure takes place during spring break week and is the least-disruptive time to schedule more urgent repairs, officials said.
May 10. The college will be closed all day to finalize the electrical repairs.


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Playing a Feral Druid
Feral Druids are an odd class to play at low levels. It's almost like Blizzard tried too hard to make us viable with a limited tool set early on and then slowly trickled in all the other abilities that we actually need to be more than mangle-spammers. In short, if you're new to playing a Feral Druid be prepared to relearn how to play your class every ten levels because our spells are scattered all over the place.
Feral is also somewhat unique because it's both a tank spec and a DPS spec at the same time. That also makes your talent choices interesting because some talents benefit both roles while others do only one or the other. You'll need to decide whether you want to focus more on DPS or on tanking, or if you want to play that middle ground as much as possible.
While playing as a Cat you have the option of using stealth to move around undetected in PvE and PvP, though you don't get any direct benefit from being in stealth right away. As a Bear you just run up to things and smack things in the face until they're dead. For most of the leveling process Cat damage is based on bleeds and burst while Bear damage is based on steady, repeated blows that utilize the Bears added survivability to be able to live long enough for those steady blows to win you the fight.
Important Spells & Abilities
I'm going to do the spell breakdown a little bit differently this time around than I have in the past. I'm going to break down the important spells based on which forms you have available to you (Caster/Normal, Cat, and Bear) and also which type of spell it is. Druids are the ultimate hybrid class and even though a LOT of the spells you learn aren't important to being a Feral Druid I want to cover the ones that are worth noting so that you have a firm grasp of what you're capable of.
I'm still not listing every single spell (though close to it) as not all spells are useful to every spec.
Note that all numeric values are taken from the level 29 version of the spell for the purposes of this post.
Caster Form (Levels 1-8)
- Wrath (1): Deals 45-49 Nature Damage to the target.
- Moonfire (4): Burns the enemy for 11-13 Arcane damage and then additional Arcane damage over 12 seconds.
I list these spells primarily because this is what you'll use to level until at least level 8 since you have no forms to choose from until then. However, it's also important to be familiar with these if you're going to PvP. As a Feral Druid there's a lot of crowd control that you can shrug off, but being rooted in place is not one of them. In cases like those, you need to be able to pop out of your feral form to attack with spells. Even as Feral I keep Moonfire keybound an in reach for just such an occasion. I'll get into more detail on when using Moonfire and other caster spells is a good idea as a Feral even though using these spells pops you out of your Cat/Bear form in a later post directed specifically at PvP.
For leveling from 1-8, you're basically going to spam Wrath and/or Moonfire until your targets are dead.
Cat Form (Levels 8-29)
- Cat Form (8): Shift into Cat form, causing Agility to increase Attack Power (2:1). Also protects the caster from Polymorph effects and allows the use of cat abilities. Shapeshifting frees the caster of movement slowing effects.
- Claw (8): Claw the enemy, causing 100% of normal damage plus 38. Awards 1 combo point.
- Ferocious Bite (8): Finishing Move causes damage per combo point and consumes up to 35 additional energy to increase damage by up to 100%, and heals you for up to 1% of your total max health for each 10 energy used.
- Rake (8): Rake the target for Bleed damage and additional Bleed damage every 3 seconds for 9 seconds. Awards 1 combo point.
- Mangle (10): Mangle the target for 354% normal damage plus 3 and causes the target to take 30% additional damage from bleed effects for 1 minute. Awards 1 combo point.
- Prowl (10): Allows the druid to prowl around (stealth), but reduces your movement speed by 30%. Lasts until cancelled.
- Ravage (22): Ravage the target, causing 664% damage plus 3 to the target. Must be prowling and behind the target. Awards 1 combo point.
- Skull Bash (22): Charge and skull bash the target, interrupting spellcasting and preventing any spell in that school from being cast for 4 seconds.
- Tiger's Fury (24): Increases physical damage done by 15% for 6 seconds. Requires Cat form. Does not break prowling.
- Cower (26): Cower, causing no damage but lowering your threat by 10%, making the enemy less likely to attack you.
- Dash (26): Increases movement speed by 70% while in Cat form for 15 seconds. Does not break prowling.
- Feline Grace (26): Reduces damage from falling.
In case you haven't noticed, Druids get a crapload of spells. And these are just the ones that you use strictly in Cat form.
As a leveling Cat the most important spells for you are: Mangle, Rake, Ferocious Bite, Prowl and Ravage. Prowl (stealth) and Ravage are used as openers and with decent gear you can one-shot a lot of quest mobs with Ravage. Especially if you buff your damage with Tiger's Fury first. Mangle is your spam-attack, Rake is your primary Bleed, and Ferocious Bite is your finisher. We'll get into more detail about how to use these in the sections below.
Claw is mentioned SOLELY because it's your only decent attack from level 8-9 in Cat Form. At level 10 you'll take this off of your bars and never look at this worthless piece of garbage again. This spell only exists to give non-Feral Druids an attack to use while in Cat Form, it's not meant for you. It costs more Energy than Mangle and does a fraction of its damage, so don't use this ever again once you reach level 10.
While Skull Bash won't see much use while you're leveling, it's good to stay familiar with it and keep it somewhere easily reachable. You don't need to interrupt spells from quest mobs, but if you develop that habit now you won't have to worry about trying to get into the habit when you reach max level where dungeon and raid fights demand interrupts.
Bear Form (Levels 15-29) [jump to tanking]
- Bear Form (15): Shift into Bear form, increasing armor by 120% and Stamina by 20%. Significantly increases threat generation (500%), causes Agility to increase Attack Power (2:1), and protects the caster from Polymorph effects and allows the use of bear abilities. Shapeshifting frees the caster from movement slowing effects.
- Mangle (10): Mangle the target for 88% normal damage plus 93 and causes the target to take 30% additional damage from bleed effects for 1 minute.
- Demoralizing Roar (15): Reduce the physical damage caused by all enemies within 10 yards by 10% for 30 seconds.
- Growl (15): Taunts the target to attack you, but has no effect if the target is already attacking you.
- Maul (15): An attack that instantly deals 35 physical damage. Effects which increase Bleed damage also increase Maul damage.
- Swipe (18): Swipe nearby enemies, inflicting 51 damage. Damage is increased by attack power.
- Enrage (22): Generates 20 Rage, and then generates an additional 10Rage over 10 seconds.
- Skull Bash (22): Charge and skull bash the target, interrupting spellcasting and preventing any spell in that school from being cast for 4 seconds.
- Faerie Fire (24): Decreases the armor of the target by 4% for 5 minutes. While affected, the target cannot stealth or turn invisible. Stacks up to 3 times. Deals damage and additional threat when used in Bear Form.
- Challenging Roar (28): Forces all nearby enemies within 10 yards to focus attacks on you for 6 seconds.
Did I mention Druids get a crapload of spell? Here's the list of the ones strictly used in Bear form.
Bear form is most often used for tanking, but it's also a strong option for leveling; especially for those of you who enjoy using AoE and fighting multiple mobs at once. All of these spells are important in one way or another. For boss tanking Mangle, Demoralizing Roar, and Maul are your primary spells with Growl getting an honorable mention in case you've got some strong DPS in your group. For questing or fighting trash your major spells are: Mangle, Demoralizing Roar, Maul, and Swipe with Challenging Roar and Growl being mentioned again for those DPS that might draw agro in dungeons.
We'll talk more about Bear tanking later on. For now, know that if you're going to be bear tanking you'll make use of basically all of these spells. The least likely spell for you as a tank is going to be Skull Bash since you usually have DPS focused on interrupts, but if you can add yours to the mix then you only strengthen your group.
Healing Spells (Levels 3-29)
- Rejuvenation (3): Heals the target for 70 every 3 seconds for 12 seconds.
- Regrowth (12): Heals a friendly target for 182-202 and another 57 over 6 seconds.
- Revive (12): Returns the spirit to the body, restoring a dead target to life with 35% max health and mana. Cannot be cast when in combat.
- Rebirth (20): Returns the spirit to the body, restoring a dead target to life with 20% health and mana. Can be used during combat.
- Remove Corruption (24): Nullifies corrupting effects on the friendly target, removing 1 Curse and 1 Poison effect.
I wouldn't ordinarily bother listing healing spells on a guide written specifically for a Tank/DPS spec, but Druids are special.
There's a method of healing that we call pre-HoT'ing, which is casting Heal over-Time (HoT) spells on your tank before they pull so that you nullify or greatly reduce the amount of initial damage that they take once combat begins. Bears operate off of a Rage mechanic which starts at 0 and fills up during combat. Because of this you can take great advantage of pre-HoT'ing yourself while questing or during dungeons to lessen the load on your healer. If you're always out of Rage between pulls then you can also make use of your talents for a free 10 Rage after casting your HoT's to give you a head start in the pull.
The most likely spell for you to use in a pre-HoT is Rejuvenation because it has a longer duration and a cheaper mana cost. Regrowth only lasts for 6 seconds and it's a front-loaded HoT as well as expensive, so only use it when you know there's going to be a lot of incoming damage or when you need to top yourself off from the last pull.
Rebirth is mentioned because being able to resurrect someone mid-combat is pretty stinking useful. Revive I mention only because I can't believe how many times I've had people die in pugs and nobody in the group has or has bothered training a resurrection spell. Learn it. Use it. Love it.
Remove Corruption deserves special mention because you can't use Prowl (stealth) while you have DoT's on you because taking damage removes you from stealth. You can enter prowl, you just won't be able to stay in it for more than a second or two. Removing curses and poisons that deal damage can save you a lot of problems when playing as a cat.
Utility Spells (Levels 4-29)
- Thorns (5): Thorns sprout from the friendly target causing Nature damage to attackers when hit. Lasts 20 seconds.
- Entangling Roots (7): Roots the target in place for 30 seconds. Damage caused my interrupt the effect.
- Teleport: Moonglade (15): Teleports the caster to the Moonglade.
- Aquatic Form (16): Shift into aquatic form, increasing swim speed by 50% and allowing the druid to breathe underwater. Also protects from Polymorph effects. Shifting frees the caster from movement slowing effects.
- Travel Form (16): Shift into travel form, increasing movement speed by 40% and protecting you from Polymorph effects. Only usable outdoors. Shifting frees the caster of movement slowing effects.
- Omen of Clarity (20): Your damage spells, attacks, and auto-attacks have a chance to cuase you to enter a Clearcasting state. The Clearcasting state reduces the Mana, Rage or Energy cost of your next damaging or healing spell or offensive feral ability by 100%.
- Faerie Fire (24): Decreases the armor of the target by 4% for 5 minutes. While affected, the target cannot stealth or turn invisible. Stacks up to 3 times.
- Innervate (28): Causes the target to regenerate 5% of their maximum mana over 10 seconds. If cast on self, you regenerate an additional 15% of your maximum mana over 10 seconds.
- Sooth (28): Soothes the target, dispelling all enrage effects.
Yep. Crapload.
Thorns is a really cool spell that actually puts out a surprising amount of damage. The bad news is, it kicks you out of bear/cat form to use it. That doesn't mean you shouldn't cast it, but it does mean you should generally avoid doing so mid-combat. This is another spell you should be casting in between pulls for extra damage. If you're not the tank, cast it on your tank between pulls instead of yourself.
Entangling Roots isn't used much by Ferals in PvE, though it's pretty common in PvP. In terms of leveling and questing I like to use this when I'm gathering mostly so that when I don't want to fight a mob I'll just root them in place, gather my node and then leave. If you're a Bear that's pretty much the only time you'll cast Roots in PvE.
Teleport: Moonglade is a free ticket to your class trainer any time you want it. Moonglade also has a couple of professions trainers (Herbalism and…something else, I think) and a couple of vendors that sell items that often can be flipped on the AH for a decent profit.
Aquatic Form and Travel Form are both great for mobility, and they can both be cast while you're in combat. They're fantastic for PvP, and occasionally useful in PvE.
Omen of Clarity is worth mentioning because you're going to see those two bars of green leaves pop up on your screen from time to time and you might as well know what it means. Omen of Clarity (OoC) essentially makes your next attack or heal free, so you generally want to make use of the OoC proc by casting a spell with the largest Rage/Energy/Mana cost that has the most benefit. For Feral that's almost always going to be Mangle or sometimes Ferocious Bite in Cat form, though you may also want to use it for a quick Regrowth if you need some emergency healing.
Innervate doesn't mean much to Ferals since you almost never use mana, but your healers will love you for casting it on them.
And last is Sooth. Sooth is very often overlooked by Druids because you get it at such an early level and yet have virtually no reason at all to use it. For leveling purposes this spell can pretty much be ignored since anything that does enrage on you will likely die within a matter of seconds if you're attacking it in Cat form. In dungeons you'll occasionally run into a boss that you can use this on where it's useful, but it breaks Cat/Bear form so doing so is risky. The main reason why I mention it is because it does have some definite uses in PvP against Warriors and some class pets that have enrages.
Leveling a Feral Druid
- Questing Single Mob Stealth: [Cat Form] Prowl, Tiger's Fury, Ravage, Mangle, Rake, Ferocious Bite, Mangle spam
- Questing Single Mob No Stealth: [Cat Form] Tiger's Fury, Mangle, Rake, Mangle x1-3, Ferocious Bite
- Questing Multi-Mob: [Bear Form] Mangle (mob 1), Demoralizing Roar, Maul, Swipe, Maul, Mangle (mob 2), Swipe, Maul
Questing Single Mob
The fastest way to kill things 1v1 is to use Prowl to sneak up behind them, pop Tiger's Fury for added damage, and then use Ravage for big burst damage followed by Mangle for even more burst. If the mob manages to survive, you follow that with Rake's bleed effect which is 30% stronger thanks to Mangle's debuff, and then Ferocious Bite as a finisher. If the mob still isn't dead, switch to spamming your Mangle attack until the mob is either dead or has 5 combo points on it at which time you Ferocious Bite again and then return to Mangle spam.
Rarely should you ever have to worry about normal mobs surviving through that full rotation as a Feral.
While using stealth is often looked at as the "right" way to play a Feral, it's not really necessary. It's perfectly acceptable to just run up to something and Mangle it's face a bit before using Ferocious Bite to finish them off. This is most effective when you're in heirloom gear or other good gear for your level rather than a hodgepodge of whites and greens that don't add Agility.
Questing Multi-Mob
Using AoE to take down groups of mobs is my favorite way to kill things. This rotation is also what you'll use when tanking dungeons. Those four spells are the key to tanking form level 15 up to level 69. For that massive stretch of levels there's virtually no change at all to your rotation for taking. You can assign Mangle, Maul, Swipe and Demo Roar to your 1-4 keys and after hitting Demo Roar once at the beginning of a fight you can spam 1-3 without even looking at your monitor for the rest of the encounter and you'll do just fine.
The reason why I mention using Mangle on multiple targets is two fold. First, Mangle is your hardest hitting attack so spreading out that big damage will help bring all of the mobs down faster and more evenly time-wise. Second, because Mangle increases Bleed damage by 30% which Maul takes advantage of even though it isn't a Bleed effect. By default Maul only hits a single target, but with a Major Glyph you can make it hit two targets which is why it's great for AoE situations.
How to Tank: 29 Feral Druid
Tanking on a Bear Druid is easy while you're leveling. Before patch 4.3 it was a little bit tougher because Bear Form didn't get its full defensive bonus until higher levels, but now you get it from level 15 on. To see which spells you'll be using as a Bear, refer to the Bear Spells section above for a list of all the spells you'll need to have ready in this level range.
Tanking as a Bear is incredibly simple at early levels. It can be a little bit boring since you'll be using the same three attack spells over and over as they come off of cooldown, but tabbing through multiple enemies to keep threat spread out over all the mobs can keep it a bit more interesting.
There are three methods of pulling that you can use: body pull, feral charge, and faerie fire.
Body Pulling is simply running into the group of mobs and letting the presence of your toon draw the agro. This is the simplest method of pulling, but also the least effective since it generates no threat at all.
Feral Charge is a bit more effect since it's a gap closer, meaning you rush right in quickly and get started with combat and threat right away.
Faerie Fire is much like Feral Charge except that the range is longer and you're not closing the gap any faster than with a body pull.
The most effective way to start a pull is to combine those last to. You do this by casting Faerie Fire on the target furthest away from you, then casting Feral Charge on the mob closest to the center of the pack you're about to pull (any mob in the cluster will work, though).
Once you're in range of the mobs your first priority is to cast Demoralizing Roar to reduce the damage of all of those mobs. From there you move on to your damage rotation.
Damage Rotation
Until you learn Lacerate at level 66 there are only three spells you'll need to worry about for your damage rotation: Mangle, Maul and Swipe.
Mangle is a solid burst of damage on a single target, with a 6 second cooldown.
Maul is reasonable damage on a single target, with a 3 second cooldown..
Swipe is an AoE attack that hits all enemies within 8 yards of you, with a 3 second cooldown.
You want to try to use Mangle on each target in the pack at least once so that Mangles +30% Bleed damage debuff is on as many targets as possible. The reason for this is that Maul benefits from Mangle's debuff even though it's not actually a Bleed effect. Another reason why we're spreading it around instead of just focusing one target is because you also want to use the Glyph of Maul which makes Maul hit two targets instead of one, so being able to increase Maul's damage by 30% on multiple targets is just free, extra damage.
Since Maul and Swipe both have 3 second cooldowns, you'll alternate these a lot, with Mangle thrown in when it's available.
If you're facing a boss or a single mob, you can leave Swipe off the list and just use Mangle/Maul as they're available, filling in the empty spaces with Faerie Fire until you have 3 stacks of it (the max).
Taunts and Drawing Agro
Bears have two taunts, one that's single target and one that's area.
Growl has a single target, and an 8 second cooldown.
Challenging Roar hits all mobs within 10 yards, forcing agro (not threat*) for 6 seconds, and has a 3 minute cooldown.
Growl is going to be your primary taunt because of it's significantly shorter cooldown. The main thing you need to know about taunts, if they're unfamiliar to you, is that terms of threat a Taunt puts your threat equal to the person who currently has threat. So if their threat is 500 and yours is only 300, your threat meter immediately jumps up to 500 to match theirs. This is important to remember because taunting something doesn't just instantly guarantee that the problem is going away. Unless you do something to generate more threat on that target than whoever had threat before is continuing to generate on them, you're going to lose it again.
For example, if a Mage pulls threat on one mob and you taunt it, but don't do anything else, if that Mage continues to cast spells against that mob he's going to steal threat again as soon as he reaches 130% of your threat level (assuming he's at caster range and not melee range, or else it's only 110%). The way you combat that is to use attacks on that specific mob to generate a significant enough threat lead that you will not lose threat again before the mob is dead.
If you taunt a mob and they're not close enough for you to just hit them right away to reestablish agro, use other means of generating agro such as Faerie Fire or use your Feral Charge to close in with the stray mob, followed with Mangle to boost your threat back up.
Challenging Roar forces everything in its radius to fight you for 6 seconds no matter what the threat levels are. Even if your threat level is 300 and theirs is 3 million, you've got agro for those 6 seconds. The key issue here though, is that this isn't an actual taunt. A taunt resets your threat level to match whoever had threat at the time, where this spell leaves threat levels where they are an instead just makes the targets ignore everyone else until the spell ends.
In order to use this spell effectively you need to follow it up immediately with as much AoE as you can. That means hitting Swipe, Maul, Demoralizing Roar, and anything else you have to throw at them (like Engineering explosives). As a Bear you generate threat at 5 times the amount of damage that you put out, and no DPS classes near your level should be able to put out 500% of your damage. Certain spells, like Faerie Fire, also generate threat which is not based solely on damage, but you don't need to know all the math behind those so I'm not going to mention it.
[Note: I've had some trouble finding the exact percentages that are used currently for pulling threat. General consensus on twitter was that 110% is correct for melee range threat, while there's some confusion on ranged being 120% or 130%. I'm not an expert on threat, so if I got the numbers right just let me know and I'll get it corrected.]
Talent Spec: 29 Feral Druid
- Feral Swiftness 2/2: Increases your movement speed by 30% in Cat Form and increases your chance to doge while in Cat or Bear forms by 4%. In addition, your Dash and Stampeding Roar have a 100% chance to remove all movement impairing effects from affected targets when used.
- Furor 3/3: Grants a 100% chance to gain 10 Rage when you shift into Bear form, allows you to keep up to 100 of your Energy when shifting into Cat form, and increases your maximum mana by 15%.
- Fury Swipes 3/3: When you auto-attack while in Cat or Bear form, you have a 15% chance to cause a Fury Swipe dealing 310% weapon damage. This effect cannot occur more than once every 3 seconds.
- Primal Fury 2/2: Gives a 100% chance to gain an additional 5 Rage anytime you get a critical strike while in Bear form and your critical strikes from Cat form abilities that add combo points have a 100% chance to add an additional combo point.
- Feral Charge 1/1: Teaches Feral Charge (Bear) and Feral Charge (Cat). Bear – causes you to charge an enemy, immobilizing them for 4 seconds, 15 second cooldown. Cat – causes you to leap behind an enemy, dazing them for 3 seconds, 30 second cooldown.
This is the spec that I would recommend for level 29, regardless of whether you want to be a Bear tank or a Cat DPS. I have some alternative suggestions down below, in case you like the sound of some of those better for your early leveling. The Feral tree is packed with lots of really cool talents, and depending on what your focus is in game you may prefer one over another.
Feral Swiftness is one of the more iconic talents of the feral spec, allowing you to move faster in Cat form and granting an extra 4% dodge while you're in a feral form. Increasing your movement speed is often considered a trait of PvP, but it's a quality of life thing that does have uses in PvE as well. I suggest you spend both of your first points to max this out.
Furor is a stable for every Druid, regardless of spec. For Ferals the main thing is free Rage when shifting into Bear form and not having your Energy drained when shifting into Cat form. It's a big time saver, and it's especially useful when tanking so that you're not constantly having to body pull and start from scratch every time.
Fury Swipes is free damage. Whether that free damage is helping you deal more damage as a Cat, or it's helping you deal more damage (and thus, more threat) as a Bear, it's helping no matter what.
Primal Fury is the most changeable talent on my list. It gives you free Rage as a Bear and free combo points as a Cat, which both serve to make you more effective in combat. This is more important for Cats than it is for Bears as oftentimes you can end up with excessive amounts of Rage as a Bear and nothing to dump them into, where a Cat can often end up starved for energy and get better damage on their finishing moves from free combo points without having to spend the energy to generate those points otherwise.
If you're going for a straight Cat build and you know you have no interest in tanking, then there are a couple of other choices you might want to consider.
Predatory Strikes 2/2 is a good substitute for points from Furor. It will give you an extra 50% crit chance when using Ravage on targets above 80% health, and give your finishing moves a 20% chance per combo point to make your next Nature spell an instant cast and cost no mana. This is very much a PvP talent, but it also adds survivability in PvE by giving you access to free and instant healing or crowd control spells.
All four of the talents on the 2nd tier of the Feral tree are good. Infected Wounds 2/2 causes your primary attack skills to slow the target's movement by 25% and their attack speed by 10% which is great for survival and PvP. Feral Aggression 2/2 increases your Ferocious Bite damage by 10% and causes your Faerie Fire spell to apply all 3 stacks of FF in a single cast.
Prime Glyphs
- Glyph of Mangle: Increases the damage done by Mangle by 10%.
- Glyph of Tiger's Fury: Reduces the cooldown of Tiger's Fury by 3 seconds.
There's really no question of which glyph is better for you here. Mangle is your primary attack for both Feral forms. The only time I would settle for Tiger's Fury is if you can't find or can't afford Mangle.
Major Glyphs
- Glyph of Maul: Your Maul ability now hits 1 additional target for 50% damage.
- Glyph of Ferocious Bite: Your Ferocious Bite ability heals you for 1% for your maximum health for every 10 energy used.
- Glyph of Thorns: Reduces the cooldown of Thorns by 20 seconds.
If you're going to participate in Bear tanking, use Maul. If you're a crazy cat lady, use Ferocious Bite. If you don't have heirlooms, use Thorns.
Maul gives you no benefit as a Cat, and FerBite gives you no benefit as a Bear, so if you're going to specialize in one or the other then don't go for a glyph that does you no good.
Thorns does a lot of damage for a cast-and-forget spell, but only if enemies have enough time to hit you. If you have fully enchanted heirlooms and you're slaying things in a couple of globals, then Thorns isn't useful to you either.
Minor Glyphs
- Glyph of Unburdened Rebirth: Your Rebirth spell no longer requires a reagent.
- Glyph of Aquatic Form: Increases your swim speed by 50% while in Aquatic Form.
- Glyph of Dash: Reduces the cooldown of Dash by 20%.
I'm going to leave the minor glyphs up to you. Personally, I love the Aquatic Form glyph because I hate moving slow and I love taking advantage of water areas in PvP that my opponents cannot. Dash is another favorite of mine since I'm all about moving faster and doing it often. Unburdened Rebirth is first on the list because in practical terms it's got the most benefit in the long run if you play with other people in your group.
Gearing Up Your Feral Druid
When choosing your gear your top priority is Agility regardless of being a Cat or a Bear. If you're a Bear tank then your secondary stat is Stamina. If you're a Cat, then your secondary stat is Agility.
No, that wasn't a typo.
Other stats that interest you are: Hit, Crit (Cat), Haste, and Dodge (Bears).
You can get some pretty decent Agility gear from the Leatherworking profession at all levels. It's the one profession I have never maxed on any of my characters, so I don't wish it upon anyone, but if you know a LW or have on already then you can get yourself some decent upgrades in advance.
If you like to run dungeons, you can get some pretty nice upgrades.
Ragefire Chasm: Chest, Cloak
Deadmines: Cloak, Weapon, Legs
Wailing Caverns: Chest, Belt, Boots, Legs, Gloves, Shoulders
Shadowfang Keep: Shoulders
Blackfathom Deeps: Legs, Bracers, Weapon, Gloves
Stormwind Stockades: Helm (Alliance only), Boots, Legs
Gnomeregan: Rings, Bracers, Chest (Alliance only),
At Cynwise's suggestion, I've decided to put the macros for each class on their own page. For Druid macros, simply click on the following link, or look under the Macros menu at the top of this page: Druid Macros.


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In Maryland, the program is funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and is administered by the Maryland State Department of Education's School and Community Nutrition Programs Branch.
Program Components of the CACFP:Child Care Center ComponentAdult Day Care Center Component Family Child Care Center ComponentAfterschool Meals and Snacks ComponentHomeless Shelter ComponentIn accordance with federal law and U.S. Department of Agriculture policy, State law, and the Maryland State Department of Education policy, discrimination is prohibited on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability. To file a complaint of discrimination, write to the USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.


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Eli Tomac rebounded from his crash in Oakland to take third-place in Anaheim last Saturday.
Tomac's finish moves him into second place in the 2013 Monster Energy Western Regional 250 Supercoss Class season standings with 96 points.
Ken Roczen (Red Bull KTM's) won his second consecutive 250 SX West race. His Round 5 victory at Angel Stadium keeps him in the points lead with 116.
Riding a CRF250 for GEICO Honda, Tomac will look to claim the checkered flag Saturday in Round 6 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego.
Qualcomm Stadium is the site of Tomac's first professional SX victory, which occurred in 2011.
After San Diego, the 250 SX series shifts eastward for more than two months before returning west at Quest Field in Seattle, Wash., on April 20.


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Carrey's Girl wrote:Thanks for sharing can't watch the video right now but i love that picture you made.
It's ok. And you're wallpaper are also very cool! Thank you too!
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Thank you so much Tommy!
YouTube erase the first song but the others are up.
See it in Vimeo with the full audio!
I tried everything 2 correct the problem. I wastes hours trying to fix it and it bugs me that it can be in Youtube the way that I imagine...
Why Am I a perfectionist? Why?


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Earl J. Kerker, 89, of East Dubuque, Ill., died Feb. 12, 2013, at The Finley Hospital, surrounded by his family. He was born on July 23, 1923, in Nebraska City to Earl and Lucia (Boom) Kerker.
Earl J. Kerker, 89, of East Dubuque, Ill., died Feb. 12, 2013, at The Finley Hospital, surrounded by his family. He was born on July 23, 1923, in Nebraska City to Earl and Lucia (Boom) Kerker.
Earl worked one year at Thygeson's Drug Store in Nebraska City after graduating from Nebraska City High School to earn enough money to go to college. He attended Peru State Teachers' College for one semester before entering the U.S. Army. While in the Army, he also attended Southwest Missouri State Teachers College and Biarritz (France) American University. After his military service, he entered the University of Nebraska and earned a bachelor of science degree in agronomy with emphasis on conservation.
He was in the Army of Occupation in Germany following World War II. He was awarded the Army Commendation Medal; American Defense, European, African, Middle East; World War II Army of Occupation; Good Conduct; and World War II Victory Medals.
Earl married Lynn Clover in Hiawatha, Kan., on Nov. 23, 1946.
In April, 1949, Earl started working for the U.S. Soil Conservation Service as a soil scientist in Maquoketa, Iowa. He later became a soil conservationist and worked in Waukon and West Union before being assigned as district conservationist in Dubuque, where he retired after 32 years of federal service.
Earl enjoyed his family, travel, fishing, bridge, and fine woodworking. He was active in St. Luke's United Methodist Church, Dubuque, and served on many committees there. Earl enjoyed working with the youth of the church and accompanied them on mission work.
He was a Past Worshipful Master of Metropolitan Masonic Lodge # 49, AF&AM, a life member of both American Legion and Veterans' of Foreign Wars.
He is survived by his wife, Lynn, of 66 years; daughters Susan (Gordon) Landrum, Port Byron, Ill., Janet (Dr. James) Hlavacek, Aurora, Ill., and Carol (Steven) Larrabee, Eau Claire, Wis.; grandchildren Stephen (Mary) Bade, Lisa (Matthew) Kriegel, Ethan Bade, Lynn (Joseph) Silvia, James H. (fiancée Suzi Bigliani) Hlavacek II, Jenna Hlavacek, Franklin Larrabee, Charles Larrabee; and three great grandchildren, Olivia and Allison Kriegel, and Jack Silvia.
He was preceded by an infant daughter.
A Masonic Memorial Service was held Feb. 15.
A Christian Memorial Service was held at St. Luke's United Methodist Church, Dubuque, Saturday with Rev. Jon Gaul officiating.
The Miller Funeral Home in East Dubuque was in charge of arrangements.
Memorials may be given to St. Luke's United Methodist Church, Dubuque, Iowa; United Methodist Church, Nemaha, Nebraska; Metropolitan Lodge # 49 of Dubuque; and The Wendt Cancer Center, Dubuque.
Online condolences may be left for the family at www.millerfhed.com.


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There was a time the backyard was considered "done" when it had a barbecue, a picnic table and a few folding chairs. Oh, and maybe a couple of tiki lamps if you wanted to go all fancy.
But now, technological advances and changes in the way we live are combining to transform outdoor living space into something that can almost properly be called a room, with comfortable furniture and defined limits — perhaps even curtained "walls".
Several of those trends were on display at the recent Interior Design Show in Toronto, where furniture and accessories for outdoor living were more about beauty, functionality and design than just plain old practicality.
"The design of outdoor rooms and outdoor spaces is something that is really on the steep end of the growth curve," says Khai Foo of Paloform (paloform.com), a Toronto-based company that specializes in "expressive, modern fireplaces."
Foo points to HGTV, the home and garden television channel, as the spark that started the trend. By broadcasting shows about design, HGTV has broadened knowledge of — and interest in — design. After a few years of concentrating on the inside of the home, interest is moving to a previously overlooked area, the outdoors, where attention is now being focused on furniture and accessories instead of just landscape and gardens.
"People who make products for outdoors have now realized there's a huge potential for creating products for the outdoors, from kitchens to living areas," adds Foo.
For several years now, the outdoor cooking area has evolved beyond a barbecue to include refrigeration and food prep areas.
But Andrew Bockner of Toronto's Andrew Richard Designs (andrewricharddesigns.com), a company that sells outdoor furniture, says one of the big trends in outdoor living is a move away from eating.
"Lounging and entertaining are taking over dining functions," he says, adding he now has many clients who say they'll put in a dining table only if they feel they have the room. It's not a priority.
Bockner says some big technological advances are being made in furniture, fabrics, cushions and drapery destined to be used outdoors, making furniture and lounging more appealing.
Increasingly, it's possible to find things that can be left outdoors year-round — cushions that can handle getting rained on in summer and furniture that survives the snow and ice of winter.
For example, there are now cushions, he says, designed so that 95 per cent of the moisture that falls on them drains right through and acrylic fabrics that don't fade or mildew.
"We've come a long way with fabrics," he says. "The evolution of the outdoor room over the last five or 10 years is unbelievable! The great thing about products that are available right now is that they are getting better and better. There are more options and more flexibility as to what you can do."
Bockner says his firm has furniture that comes with a seven-year guarantee against deterioration even if you don't take it inside in winter. Some new materials don't even have to be covered up in the winter, he adds.
"You are going to pay a bit more money for products you can leave outside year-round," he says. "But you can leave them outside and uncovered. It's nice to be able to have products that can survive the Canadian winter."
Fire features are a staple of outdoor rooms, but today's fire features are getting a more modern edge.
Paloform's products, for example, are an updated, revised and way-cool version of the old fire pit. Today's pit may have a metal or concrete base with a certain sculptural quality that looks good even when nothing's burning.
"We design nice clean visuals that contain the fire," says Foo.
And the fire itself is just as likely to come from natural gas, propane or ethanol as from plain old logs.
Foo says some of his fire pits are designed to sit on wooden decks, which gives the homeowner some design options.
While a fire pit is often the focal point of outdoor design, one of the trends right now is going beyond that by creating defined limits to outdoor spaces.
This can be done on the ground, by laying an outdoor carpet over a defined portion of the patio, for example, or by erecting a structure — an arbour, perhaps — over top. And there may be more than one outdoor "room," with one section for reading and another for socializing.
Bockner says a lot of people are creating a pavilion, a structure with a proper roof and curtains or mosquito nets as the walls. This makes the room usable when it rains and also — if you add heaters — by extending the season so you sit outdoors earlier in the spring and later in the fall.
Or you can erect an awning. The Montreal-based company Jardin de Ville (jardindeville.com) has a line of tent-like outdoor shelters that offer shade and protection from rain. Company president Johanne Bourque adds that one of the advantages of putting up an awning is that even if your furniture is rainproof, it's nice to have protection against dirt, dust or calling cards left by overflying birds.
Bourque agrees with Bockner that defining zones helps make designing an outdoor room a success. But they disagree about colour.
Bourque prefers low-key colours and simple lines or perhaps extending to the outdoors the colours of your indoor decor.
Bockner advises people to go a bit wild with colour.
"It's not inside — you don't have to be serious," he says.


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