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The fields of M&A and business valuations are characterized by a jungle of technical terms. Our glossary explains the most common terms relating to succession, company sales and company valuations. The BB glossary is structured alphabetically. You can also enter a term to the search field and receive results immediately.
Withdrawal from a capital investment. Whoever makes capital available to start-up companies, shall sell off his interest after a certain time in the company that has meantime become established, because this no longer lies in his capital focus. A withdrawal may be via an IPO or a sale to another company. This process is known as an Exit Strategy, because the intention is to realize a profit from the investment made.
Company takeover by way of acquisition of certain assets (instead of the shares). In contrast to this is the Share Deal.
Sale of assets or sub-areas of an acquired company immediately after its acquisition. Typical motives are either the financing of the purchase price or the opportunity that the total value can be raised through the sale of individual parts. However, the tax consequences should be taken into account.
A company's Assets are the sum of all factors of production required by the company in cash, all their rights (e.g. patents, licenses) and material resources (e.g. raw materials, machinery, buildings, land). A distinction must be made between fixed assets and current assets.
Provides information about how high the equity is in the ratio of fixed assets.
Provides information about how high the equity is plus the long-term debt in the ratio of fixed assets.
The term Averaging Method covers several methods of business valuation. Here, the yield value and the intrinsic value of a company are recorded. The determination of the value of the company is carried out in different ways with a different but fixed weighting of the values in the averaging. In Switzerland, the profitability is used twice and the asset value is used once to calculate the value of the company. The Stuttgart-based method uses the profitability once and the asset value twice for the calculation. The Berlin-based methods both values weighted equally.
Benchmarking refers to the comparison of the performance of one's own company with that of other companies. The performance counter of the other company is known as a Benchmark. The aim of such a comparison is to uncover opportunities for improvement and competitive disadvantages and ultimately to increase the performance of one's own company.
Time when the breakeven point is exceeded and a profit is realized or the level of revenue, which would cover the proceeds of the fixed and variable costs.
Bridge financing is a generic term made by credit institutions for short-term or intermediate pre-financing of certain transactions (real estate purchase, company purchase) until the final follow-up financing.
Represents the time until a company has used the capital provided for it (the term originated during the Internet bubble at the turn of the millennium). The Burn Rate is of great importance particularly for start-up companies. The company's financial resources decrease in the initial phase of the company because of high fixed costs with only a low turnover.
A wealthy individual (usually experienced entrepreneurs) who support young companies with capital as they are founded and/or through active support (coaching or management assistance) and contacts (they are rewarded through shareholdings in the company).
A description of the business model of a young company to present to investors, this includes information about product concept, market, team, management of future operations and economic analyses, etc.
The acquisition of several companies in order to build a larger group/holding company.
Stands for Compound Annual Growth Rate. A growth rate is defined as the average relative increase of a variable per unit of time.
The abbreviation CAPEX comes from the Anglo-Saxon term of Capital Expenditure. This term refers to the long-term assets of a company such as machinery, buildings or computer systems.
The Cash Flow from operating activities (Operating Cash Flow) includes all deposits and payments associated with the actual provision of services of the company. Examples are the sale of products or the payment of wages. The Cash Flow from investment activities (Cash Flow from Investment) consists of the deposits and withdrawals, which result from the investment or disinvestment of the company. Examples include the installation of a new production facility or the sale of a warehouse. The Cash Flow from financing activities (Cash Flow from Financing) includes all those deposits and withdrawals, which are related to the financing of business activities. Examples include interest payments or the payment of dividends, but also a borrowing or capital repayment.
Traditional form of the Management Buyout (MBO), which is financed largely on the basis of the generated cash of a company. Key variable is the Cash Flow from which the return of the funds received and the service rate must be settled.
Corresponds to the Quick Ratio. It is the ratio of liquid assets to the current liabilities of a company and therefore allows an analysis of how a company can meet its current short-term payment obligations solely by its liquid assets. Accounts receivable (debtors) are not included.
The cash value or present value of the item refers to the expected value of a future cash amount. The cash value is obtained by discounting the future cash equivalent amount, with a capital interest, the expression of an alternative achievable interest rate.
Chief Executive Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Chief Organisation Officer
Chief Technological Officer
Stake in a company with a minority share, whereby the support is given through a Lead Investor and thus reduces the support costs for the Co-Investor.
Stake in a company at the same level as that of the Lead Investor. The latter assumes the true support of the investee.
The accounts receivable period provides information on the time it takes the customer to make payments. It corresponds to the time between invoicing and payment by the customer. The higher the retention time of the debtor company, the slower the payment, the less favourable the liquidity.
Also Non-disclosure Agreement (NDA). Usually agreed on during the transfer of business plans and company presentations to third parties. The prospective buyer agrees that he will not share information with third parties.
Group of all supervising banks in the IPO.
Leading bank in the IPO of a company.
The contribution margin is the cost and performance calculation, the difference between the proceeds generated (revenue) and the variable costs. It is therefore the amount available to cover fixed costs.
Stake in a company by several investors, one of whom acts as the Lead Investor.
Corresponds to the current ratio. It indicates the ratio of current assets to the current liabilities of a company. If the current ratio is less than 1, a part of current liabilities is not covered by the current assets, i.e. under certain circumstances assets must be sold to cover liabilities. Therefore, this liquidity ratio must always be greater than 1, whereby one should aim according to the so-called "banker's rule" (also known as Two-to-One-Rule) for a minimum value of 2.
Hidden tax charges or benefits that have arisen due to differences in approach and / or the valuation of assets and liabilities between the tax accounts and the trade balance and are expected to reduce in subsequent years, i.e. to lead to differences in the future between tax and perform trade-balance-sheet profits. Deferred tax assets should reflect the future tax benefits (future tax higher income potential) future tax expense, deferred tax liabilities (future tax higher yield potential).
The Debt Ratio is the proportion of debt to total capital and total assets analogous to the equity ratio of the equity.
This key figure indicates the ratio between debt and equity. The higher the debt, the higher the debt ratio.
When a company issues additional shares at a lower price in the context of a capital increase and the existing shareholders do not participate according to their current share, the shares of existing shareholders lose value, they are diluted.
The possibility of determining the value of the company. Calculated on the basis of the discounted future Cash Flow over a certain period of time. The basis is the projected Free Cash Flow and a residual value that will be discounted to their present values.
In this method, the assets are allocated with an operational importance, namely the achievement of future income. The method assumes that the assets of the company generate a constant perpetuity of sustainable net profits. The capitalization of this income is calculated using the formula for eternal pensions of future earnings divided by the discount rate.
Financing in the first phase of young, privately owned companies with equity. Usually, specialized companies (venture capital firms) offer the Early-Stage financing. These companies often offer other services besides the financing for start-up companies such as consulting activities and regular monitoring of the overall activity of the company. This funding is often associated with great risk, but offers large profit potential in the event of a subsequent success of the new company.
The portion of a company purchase price, which is conditional on the future success of the company. A key figure, usually the turnover, is defined for the compensation of the remaining company purchase price. A percentage of sales is determined to repay the purchase price.
Earnings before interest and taxes.
A company's key figure that indicates the ratio of EBIT to sales as a percentage. It is particularly suitable for comparing the performance of different companies.
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation.
The EBITDA margin is calculated from the ratio of the EBITDA to sales as a percentage. It is suitable for comparing the operating performance of different companies, regardless of their investment cycle.
Key figure, which is used in a comprehensive performance measurement and value. The Economic Value-Added-Value approach calculates the residual income of the investment being valued. An investment will create value in accordance with this approach if it generates a positive "spread" (difference) between the actual return and the demanded cost of capital.
Form of employee participation. The right to acquire shares or options on shares of your company at a discounted price after a specified waiting period.
A variant of the Discounted-Cash-Flow valuation method based on total capital, with which the gross value of the company is determined. First, a detailed Free Cash Flow is drawn up over a period of five to ten years. These gross quantities are then discounted with the WACC. In order to obtain the effective value of equity, the borrowed capital must be subtracted.
Equity Kicker means the possibility of sharing in the company's success. This may, for example, be in the conversion of Mezzanine Capital into equity, i.e. a "real" participation. Equity stakes are also conceivable for a desired future IPO. Outside investors are thus given the opportunity to purchase shares in partnerships or corporations at a later date, often at special rates.
The equity ratio indicates the proportion of economic equity to the adjusted total assets of a company. The higher the ratio, the lower the debt ratio.
Documentation as part of an emission process, in which the essential characteristics of the company and its planned corporate strategy are shown (the success of the company, in the past and in the future).
A variant of the Discounted-Cash-Flow valuation method that directly determines the value of equity. First, a detailed planning of cash flow over a period of five to ten years. The interest and the growth rate of the debt are to be deducted from this. These net variables are then discounted with the cost of equity, which then gives the value of equity.
A traditional method of business valuation, where the company's value is determined using the profits. Profit is meant to denote that which is attained over the normal return of the asset value.
Summary of, for example, a business plan.
Growth and expansion financing. The company in question has reached the break-even point or makes a profit. The funds will be used to finance additional production capacity, product diversification and market expansion.
The fair value is used according to IAS and US GAAP as a generic term for all market-related valuations. The Fair Value of an asset or a liability generally refers to the amount, which the two independent parties would be prepared to replace the asset and/or settle the liability with expertise and final determination.
The First Round Financing of a company is the first time that it receives external equity.
The Free Cash Flow refers to the operating Cash Flow minus the Cash Flow from investments. Free Cash Flow is the amount resulting from the overall consideration of the business. It is the only amount of money that is free to satisfy the requirements of investors.
Procurement of investment capital. The start-up phase of a Venture Capital fund (VC fund), in which drawing funds are obtained for institutional, industrial or private investors. Most VC companies put funds aside at irregular intervals where they collect the money that they then invest in other companies. The better the track record of a Venture Capital company, the greater their chances to collect money in the future.
A Fusion is the equivalent of a merger of two or more companies into a whole new company. In reality, however, it is a so-called friendly takeover of one of the companies involved. The agreement on the word "fusion" should mitigate the sales character of the transaction to a third party. To the outside there should be no transferee and taken over company.
The asset components are valued at those values, which their current replacement cost would be at market prices (reproduction value of the company). Replacement values are calculated from the acquisition cost at current prices less depreciation (consumption value based on age).
Repurchase of the stock of a company in private ownership.
IPO of a company. See IPO.
The gross margin indicates how much a company earned (as a percentage of sales) after deducting production costs. Other costs, e.g. for research and development, marketing and management, do not make up part of the value. The gross margin is therefore not to be equated with the operating result.
A company's value before the deduction of liabilities. The gross value of the company is open to all investors.
Hands Off is the term used for a passive support of a company that is being established. The influence on the Executive Board is limited to participation on the advisory board or the board of the company.
Bodies or institutions that entrepreneurs support in the founding of companies. The founder generally has access to professional counselling, coaching qualification or support through the necessary infrastructure such as office space and communications technology. In addition, the access to networks is supported. Incubator centres are often linked to public institutions such as technology centres to support start-ups or Venture Capital companies or Business Angels.
The initial public offering of shares of a company.
Large institutions such as banks, insurance companies, pension funds or large corporations that invest in equity funds.
The IRR is the discount rate at which the present value (PV) of net cash flow (NCF), a project is equal to its initial investment. The discount rate at which the Net Present Value (NPV) of the project is equal to zero.
Active management of relations with current and potential investors, analysts and financial media with the aim of fostering a binding to with these target groups to the shares of their own company.
Cooperation agreement for the joint operations of a company, the capital to be introduced, the know-how to be supplied, etc.
SME is an abbreviation for "small and medium-sized enterprises".
Financing of expansions, acquisitions, bridgings, etc. at established companies.
In a syndicate of Venture Capital companies (VC companies), the investor with the largest share assumes both the organization of the financing and the Hands-on support.
Written declaration in advance of a transaction in which the intention of the buyer and seller to complete the corporate sale is announced.
Level of external debt of a company, usually expressed as the ratio of debt to equity.
Predominantly debt-financed corporate takeovers.
Denotes the (theoretical) amount that can still be achieved in the event of liquidation with the disposal of all business objects.
Listing a company on the stock exchange.
The Lock-up Period or waiting period means the period in which the shareholders agree not to sell any shares after the Going Public of its holdings. The Lock-up Period is controlled very differently in Europe.
Deciding whether a product or a service is to be made (make) or bought (buy).
A Management buy-in is when a company is taken over by external management or the acquisition is forced by an investor using a foreign management. This comes about especially when an external management believes that the company is being badly managed and could be more efficient through better management. This is also the opportunity to take over a company in a succession planning.
The purchase of a company or part of a company or a controlling interest thereon by the company's management. Often, such a buyout is done with the help of private equity investors and a large proportion is financed with borrowed capital (Leveraged Buy-out, LBO), because managers may not have the financial means themselves.
Market Capitalization expresses the market value of a corporation. It is calculated by multiplying the share price by the number of shares.
The Market Value is the price achievable under normal conditions, without regard to unusual or personal circumstances.
Merger (also Fusion) and Acquisition (also Takeover, Purchase). Mergers & Acquisitions, M & A for short, the technical term for the entire market of corporate transfers.
This is about the transfer of shares and entire companies for a commission. The benefits of M & A companies include, among other things, consulting, property search, buyer and seller search, implementation support and funding.
Specialist term for matching different data in a database. For example, matching the data from a buyer (purchase price, location, interests, sector) with those of the seller (purchase price, location of the business, industry) - "merged". The aim of Merging is to determine any matches.
Mezzanine capital or Mezzanine financing (derived from the architectural term in the sense of a mezzanine floor) is a collective term to describe types of financing, which in their legal and economic configurations is a hybrid between equity and debt. Thereby in the classic version, a company is supplied with economic or shareholders' equity, without granting the investors voting rights or reasonable control of the residual interest as genuine partners.
The net asset value is the replacement value. This refers to the amount of money you must spend to replicate an existing business exactly. The net asset value includes all tangible and intangible assets of the company (such as patents and licenses), can be sold in the market.
This method assesses those assets of a company, which can be sold separately. The intangible, non-marketable assets that can have a significant value with the continuation of its operating businesses (e.g., customers) are not part of the valuation.
Corporate value net of debt. The net corporate value is that portion that is attributable to equity holders, and is thus equated with the effective value of the equity.
Current assets minus current liabilities.
The Net Present Value (Discounted Cash Flow method or even Net Present Value or NPV for short) is a dynamic process of capital budgeting. By discounting at the beginning of the investment the payments that are made at arbitrary times become comparable.
Revenue, net of tax and revenue losses.
The Net Operating Profit after Tax is calculated from the EBIT less approximate taxes (EBIT multiplied by tax rate).
Based on the NOPAT (EBIT net of income taxes), the NOPLAT also takes into account the fact that no taxes are paid on the interest. The NOPLAT is sometimes referred to as Earnings before interest (EBI).
Abbreviation for other operating expenses.
If the demand for the shares of an initial listing is greater than the number of shares issued, the shares are oversubscribed. A ten-fold oversubscription therefore means that the demand is ten times greater than the quota of shares available.
The owner's profit at the EBITDA level (profit variable in the income statement before interest, taxes, depreciation and other value adjustments) is calculated from the EBITDA as per the income statement. Added to this besides the salary of the owner also all non-operating expenses (including tax-driven optimizations) that are directly or indirectly to be considered as benefits in favour of the owner. Thus, the official final balance sheet is adjusted and the effective performance of the company is represented.
This is the period in which the sum of capital inflows of an investment object (for the static calculation of amortization) or its present value (for the dynamic calculation of amortization) exceeds the investment amount for the first time. This period is called the amortization period or payback period.
The Payment Period provides information about the company's rate of payment of accounts payable. It tells you how many days a company takes for the payment of vendor invoices. The higher the average payable period, the lower the liquidity.
Method for business valuation (cf. averaging method).
PER (price-earnings ratio)
Private Equity is a form of equity where the capital received from the investor is not tradable in regulated markets (stock exchanges).
Private placement of shares without recourse to the stock market as opposed to the Public Offering.
Public offering of shares on the stock market as opposed to the Private Placement.
The Purchase Price is the price of a company to which both parties have agreed. The Purchase Price may differ from the value observed in the price finding as well as the previously agreed price determination. The Purchase Price of a company is its market price. Here, various Purchase Prices can be distinguished. There is, among other things, a price for the substance of the company, the profitability of the company and for the future potential of the company.
This corresponds to the current ratio. It indicates the ratio of the financial assets plus the value of investments and current receivables to the current liabilities of a company. It is a measure of whether a company is able to pay its current liabilities. With a Quick Ratio that is less than 1, a part of the short-term liabilities are not covered by the short-term assets that are available. This can result in a liquidity bottleneck.
Acquisition value of a company's existing asset at the time of its replacement.
When carrying out an evaluation using the Discounted-Cash-Flow method, the Cash Flows for a certain time period can be projected and discounted at the current time. The sum is identified for all of the following Cash Flows in the forecast period, and the present value of them is determined, which is then known as the Residual Value. In calculating the residual value, great care is needed, because even small deviations result in large differences in value assumptions.
The Return on assets (or ROA) indicates how efficiently the capital investment of an investment project was within a billing period. The Return on Assets is also known as the Return on Investment. It indicates how efficiently the capital investment of an investment project was within a billing period.
The Return on Equity or ROE documents what has been earned by the capital invested by the investor within a billing period.
This is the gross return of a company, which is calculated from dividing the profit before interest by the full amount of operating capital used (debt and equity). It indicates how efficiently a company has used it available capital.
This corresponds to the net profit divided by sales. The ROS is a measure of the profitability of a company. The operating margin shows the operational efficiency of a company.
The second round of financing for a company that has already received its first round of venture capital.
A secondary purchase is an exit option of a Venture Capital company. The Venture Capital company hereby sells its shares in another private equity firm.
The term Seed Capital refers to the venture capital for a future business. It is invested by an investment company during the phase of its establishment, when the business idea is being developed. The young company can then have access to the Seed Capital until the development of a prototype is complete.
Phase prior to the formal establishment of a business (pre-founding phase).
The Sensitivity Analysis is a method for testing the effect of changes in input variables to the corresponding output. It is used to determine the stability of the result, if the input variables are subject to a range of variation, and the identification of the relevant input variables, to order to influence this in terms of the output optimization.
Service Fee = Retainer Fee or Start Fee. This is the fee charged by a company or agent prior to starting their work. Solely the sincerity of the seller to carry out the sale of the company is to be verified with the collection of fees.
Company takeover by purchase of shares.
In the spin-off, the original company remains. Only one or several parts go, which make for a definable unit, and are transferred to an existing or newly created company.
The Spin-off and becoming independent of a department or a business unit of a company / a business concern.
The phase immediately after the founding of a company, often the term for a young company.
Young companies that are not yet established, but that are established in order to achieve an innovative business idea with low start-up capital and are usually dependent very early on either on the receipt of Venture Capital and Seed Capital (possibly by Business Angels) or an Initial Public Offering (IPO) to expand their businesses and strengthen their capital base.
The Stock Turnover defines the period for which an inventory is sufficient for the planned consumption of material. A low Stock Turnover can lead to shortage costs, a high stock turnover capital commitment or storage costs.
The Stuttgart method is a method for business valuation (cf. Averaging method).
The subordination refers to the ranking of external investors with one another, especially for cases of comparison or liquidation.
Period within which investors may draw new shares. This takes the form of a declaration of intent in which the investors commit to purchase a specified number of shares.
The Success Fee will be paid to a Business Broker after the successful completion of a corporate transaction. In general, the Success Fee is payable at the moment of sale, since this is when the work of the corporate broker ends.
Analysis of Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats, or just the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks.
Several private equity firms merge in order to finance even larger high-risk investments.
The Track Record of an investment company or a company, a manager or entrepreneur.
Ratio figures derived from effective rates of company purchases.
A marketing term. It is a "unique selling proposition" or USP.
Venture capital, risk-bearing capital. The financing of young companies by institutional investors (e.g. VC companies) or informal investors (Business Angels, for example). The provision is, as opposed to lending, not dependent on the existence of eligible lending assets of the company or the owner, but instead solely on the expected earnings opportunities of the company to be financed.
The WACC is an average overall cost of capital, which is calculated as a weighted average of debt and equity cost ratio of the capital market. The debt and equity shares based on the market value are to be used for the weighting.
This term refers to the net current assets, i.e. all the working capital that is tied up in the short-term (inventories, receivables with a one-year maturity, cash and prepaid expenses), net of current liabilities.
The value of a company from the "eternal" capitalization of earnings. This future success refers to the sustainable and attainable, future profitability of the company by taking into account the rate of interest.
No such term was found in our glossary matching the search term .


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Cornbread dressing with sausage
1 pound ground sausage
2 c. chopped celery
2 large onions, chopped
5 c. crumbled cornbread
5 c. seasoned bread crumbs
2 ¾ c. chicken broth
1 ½ tsp. poultry seasoning
1 tsp. ground sage
Preheat oven to 325° F.
Place sausage, celery and onions in a large, deep skillet. Cook over medium-high heat until evenly brown. Drain, crumble and set aside.
In a large bowl, combine sausage mixture with cornbread, bread crumbs, chicken broth, poultry seasoning and sage.
Mix well and transfer to a well-greased 9-by-12 inch baking dish.
Bake, covered, for 45 minutes or until well-set and cooked through. Uncover and cook for 5-10 more minutes if you like a brown crust on top, and who doesn't?
Serves 12.

subset: commoncrawl


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Openmoko Beagle Hybrid
From Openmoko
- There is a new mailing list dedicated to this project: http://lists.goldelico.com/mailman/listinfo/om-beagle-panda-hybrid
- We have been choosen by the PandaBoard Early Adopter Program and have received a PandaBoard (OMAP4 / ARM Cortex A9) board.
This project provides a PCB extension board and software to combine a Beagle Board with a Freerunner compatible display and case.
The goal is to provide a demonstrator and experimentation platform how a future modern state-of the art Openmoko device with ARM-Cortex A8 and UMTS could be (neglecting miniaturization). This allows to develop software and new user interfaces. When packing the board into a Freerunner case, one can provide sound (microphone, earset, speaker) and vibracall.
What it is good for
- experimenting with touchscreen and new user interfaces on Beagleboard
- learn how the OMAP3530/OMAP4430 design works
- make it a mobile application development platform by adding a battery pack and a UMTS usb stick
- investigate how an Openmoko with UMTS and OMAP3530/OMAP4430 feels (not from haptics but screen operation and UMTS speed)
- porting SHR, QtMoko, Android, etc. to ARM-Cortex A8/A9, NEON
- http://lists.openmoko.org/pipermail/community/2010-May/061829.html
- http://lists.openmoko.org/pipermail/community/2010-July/062609.html
Pictures and Movies
Pictures of Prototype
Here some pictures of our prototypes (the final PCB will be rotated by 180 degrees to allow to access the SD slot).
Pictures of final Board
- Populated board front side: http://download.goldelico.com/gta04/images/DSC00508.JPG
- Populated board back side: http://download.goldelico.com/gta04/images/DSC00507.JPG
- More pictures at: http://download.goldelico.com/gta04/images
Some movies
- Plugging together and Booting into Debian: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU_q-fYmMsw (http://download.goldelico.com/ombeagle/images/MOV00532.mov)
- Outdoor device (with battery and external GPS antenna): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R34AIeaymV0 (http://download.goldelico.com/ombeagle/images/MOV00541.AVI)
- TangoGPS in Map mode: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-BRurpmAs (http://download.goldelico.com/ombeagle/images/MOV00539.AVI)
- PCB that fits into Freerunner case (top cover and middle part after cutting a hole)
- works also outside of a case
- Toppoly LCM interface (same display as used in the Freerunner - otherwise it would not fit into the case)
- TSC2007 touch screen controller
- Microphone
- Earset and Speaker connector (for Freerunner case)
- 2 buttons (AUX and Power)
- 2 dual color LEDs (in the AUX and Power buttons)
- vibracall driver
- headset jack to connect microphone, earset and speaker
- W2SG004 (Sirf-III) GPS
- ITG3200 3-axis gyroscope
Software and Downloads
- U-Boot GIT: http://projects.goldelico.com/p/gta04-uboot/
- Kernel: http://projects.goldelico.com/p/gta04-kernel/
- Debian Lenny rootfs: http://projects.goldelico.com/p/gta04-rootfs/
User space file systems
Initial tests have shown that it is quite easy to port/configure Freerunner GUI distributions to run on this hardware/kernel. Therefore we encourage to port
- Android: e.g. rowboat
- Angstrom
- QtMoko
- etc.
locate binaries for MLO (first phase boot loader), U-Boot, boot scripts and splash screens, Kernel, Angstrom or Lenny Demo Image, patches (config.tgz) and modules (modules.tgz) from http://download.goldelico.com/ombeagle/trunk
Please note that you have to copy them in a specially formatted SD card. Look into the makesd script for an example (WARNING: adapt to your system or you may destroy your hard disk).
The board can be ordered through: http://www.handheld-linux.com/wiki.php?page=Openmoko%20Beagle


text:
Delivery Estimate: 3-6 business days
Nargis teas are handpicked from tea gardens, and strive to enhance the quality of life with the world's favorite drink. A barnd of Limtex, the secrets are locked in the foothills of Darjeeling, Assam and Nilgiri Hills. 'Nargis' means a beautiful, rare flower, which possesses an impeccable fragrance and aroma. Similarly, the brand's distinctive flavor and taste stand for the best of Indian tea. It's exclusive quality has earned it recognition as the highest quality of Indian tea by Tea Board of India and the use of the prestigious World's Gold Standard Logo. Tea leaves are carefully selected, plucked and processed by experienced hands that know how to stir a perfect cup of tea.
|Black Tea
|Naharjuli, Assam
|Natural, no flavour additives
|Black tea
|Paper box inside double air sealed zipper pouches
|Shelf Life
|24 months
|100 g
Product SKU: 1880130342


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Today in the news: Judiciary Committee begins immigration law debates
Quote of note
"We have come up with a fair bill where no one gets everything they want, but at the end of the day, it will mean dramatic improvement for the American economy, the American people, and will make our immigration policy much more in sync with what is good for jobs and America." - Sen. Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., one of the eight authors of a bipartisan immigration bill. While Sen. Chuck Grassley's amendment barring anyone from seeking citizenship until the border was secured for six months was defeated, authors did compromise on other amendments including making the new security standards apply to the entire border and not just high-risk areas, according to the Associated Press. The Judiciary Committee convened today for the first of two weeks of meetings to review 300-some amendments aimed at reforming immigration law.
News to know
The body of suspected Boston bomber Tamerlan Tsarnaev has finally been buried, CNN reports. Police in Worcester, Mass., said the body was entombed in an undisclosed location and was no longer in Worcester. Tsarnaev's body went unclaimed for nearly two weeks, as one of Tsarnaev's U.S.-based uncles worked with a funeral director to decide what to do with his body. Protestors picketed the funeral home, objecting to Tsarnaev's burial in the city. The city manager of Cambridge, where Tsarnaev lived, said he would not allow the body to be buried there. Tsarnaev's parents would not fly his body back to their home in the Russian region of Dagestan, citing passport issues.
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Ride2Cure Neuroblastoma
Some Background – Turning Sixty
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July 2019
Doing The Double
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North Coast 500 Wacky Races
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August 2019
Shit Happens / Twice A Day
Roll On : Rohloff
7 Up
Tiredness Is Temporary, Quitting Is Permanent
Fun, Fun, Fun
September 2019
Something Inside, So Strong
Class Of '89
October 2019
Forever Five – Special Stage
The Emotional Highs And Lows
November 2019
Out Of Form
New York, New York
If At First You Don't Succeed
Bring It On!
December 2019
Intensive Care
Brendan 'Rogers' Glasgow
Cancer Is More Than A Star Sign
One Undred Un Eighty!
January 2020
Emergency Pit Stop
55,000 to 1
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February 2020
Angel Numbers
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March 2020
Up In The Air
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April 2020
Transitive Closure
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June 2020
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Flying Solo
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Ride2Cure – Brisbane To Adelaide
Some Preamble
Aussie Rules
Out Of The Blue
Plane Sailing
Just Do It
Stage 1 – Brisbane To Spicers Gap
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Stage 3 – Oman Oma To North Star
Stage 4 – North Star To Gurley
Stage 5 – Gurley To Pilliga Forest
Stage 6 – Pilliga Forest To Tap Hill (Tooraweena)
Stage 7 – Tap Hill (Tooraweenah) To Tomingley
Stage 8 – Tomingley To Ascot
Stage 9 – Ascot To Coolamon
Stage 10 – Coolamon To Jerilderie
Stage 11 – Jerilderie To Wakool
Stage 12 – Wakool To Toolebuc
Stage 13 – Toolebuc To Murrayville
Stage 14 – Murrayville To Talem Bend
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November 2013
Kick Off
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That Darned Competitive Dawg
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Into The Groove
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King Of The Mountains
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Ma Wee Sair Knee
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Back To The Future
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October 2014
The Bucking Bronco
I Don't Like Mondays (Except This One)
Whole Lotta Love
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Everything In Perspective
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Santa Claus Is Coming To Town
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Sometimes, Words Are Not Enough
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2014's Greatest Hits
January 2015
On The Road Again
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King Commute
February 2015
A Retirement Home
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March 2015
Gimme Closure
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How A Walk Became A Cancer Crusade
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Helping You Is What I Do
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Kids In America
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LCFN Goes Platinum In October For Children With Neuroblastoma
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When You're Going Through Hell, Just Keep Going
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Something Inside, So Strong
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It Never Rains, But It Pours
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Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)
The Very Best Of 2015
The LCFN Awards 2015
January 2016
Wee Kian Do It
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February 2016
Black Ice Ops
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Frank Loves Joan
No Pain, No Gain
March 2016
The 39 Steps
Slange Var
When I'm Back On My Feet Again
The Times They Are A Changin'
April 2016
The Land Of Make Believe
To Infinity And Beyond
The Fightback
May 2016
Oscar 2 Eileidh
24 Carat Gold Cake
Around The World In (500 And) 80 Days
To Puddles With Love
June 2016
My Way
About A Girl
They Think It's All Over
July 2016
The Oven Bucket Challenge
I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)
August 2016
Out And About In Puddleshire
On The Road Again
Aussie, Aussie, Aussie
September 2016
113, And A Miss
Beautiful, Beautiful Eileidh
Living Puddlian
October 2016
The Hardest Words
Quad Bike
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Baby Dennis
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November 2016
Flagless And Fancy Free
The Italian Job
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December 2016
Wum Story
The 2016 LCFN Awards
If It Disney Work, Just Keep Trying
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January 2017
The Next Time
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When Tomorrow Comes
The Bucket List
After The Lord Mayor's Show
We Shall Overcome
March 2017
Ode To Joy (Puddles Remix)
Down Under
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April 2017
Eight Days A Week
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May 2017
Eileidh's Army
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The Big Cup
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July 2017
The Lord's My Shepherd
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August 2017
The Mirror Man
Could Do Better
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We Are All Tommy Melly
September 2017
Going For Gold
I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For
Stewarton Wednesday
I'm Not Like Everybody Else
Every Day's A School Day
October 2017
King Puddles
Goldielooks And The Three Bears
A Change Is As Good As A Rest. Not…
November 2017
Oi, Mush!!!
Destiny's Child
Change Is Gonna Come
The Chain
December 2017
Seven Up
The Great British Bike Off
A Hard Rain's Gonna Fall
January 2018
Out Of The Traps
In The Bleak Midwinter
99 Pink Balloons
February 2018
Two Wheels On My Wagon
Just Keep Swimming
The Black Bike
March 2018
The Beast Fae The East
One Hundred And Sixty Seven
This Is Not The End
April 2018
Friday The 13th
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May 2018
Glen Tromie
Twenty One Today!
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June 2018
Remembrance Day
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July 2018
A Night At The Opera
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It's Now Or Never
Speed Dating
August 2018
The Last Time
May 2020
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Tom Steinberg asked me for a list of my favorite recent reads. So here's the first part of a rather disorganized list of readings and other resources, with sporadic comments on why I like some of them. The list is heterogeneous in terms of subject, method and quality. In my opinion, the common denominator among the different resources is their relevance for those working at the intersection of participation and technology.
There is definitely a lot of bad reading out there about collective intelligence. Indeed, many of the discussions and papers out there are nothing more than half-baked re-readings of ideas and concepts well established in the field of epistemic democracy. But there are a few exceptions. Acquainting myself with Hélène's awesome work in the domain was one of the highlights for me in 2012. Here's a sample:
Landemore, Hélène E., Democratic Reason: The Mechanisms of Collective Intelligence in Politics (April 1, 2011). COLLECTIVE WISDOM: PRINCIPLES AND MECHANISMS, Hélène Landemore and Jon Elster, eds., Cambridge University Press, Spring 2012.
You can find more of Hélène's work here http://www.helenelandemore.com/.
Also, if you are interested in high-level talks and discussions about collective intelligence, the videos of conferences below are some of the best things out there:
Collective Intelligence Conference (Video)
College de France – Collective Intelligence (Video)
Miller, J & Page, S 2004, 'The Standing Ovation Problem', COMPLEXITY, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 8-16.
Bond, R. M., C. J. Fariss, J. J. Jones, A. D. I. Kramer, C. Marlow, J. E. Settle, and J. H. Fowler. 2012. "A 61-Million-Person Experiment in Social Influence and Political Mobilization." Nature 489: 295–298.
S. Gonzalez-Bailon, J. Borge-Holthoefer, A. Rivero, and Y. Moreno. The Dynamics of Protest Recruitment through an Online Network. Nature, December 2011.
Margetts, Helen Zerlina, John, Peter, Reissfelder, Stephane and Hale, Scott A., Social Influence and Collective Action: An Experiment Investigating the Effects of Visibility and Social Information Moderated by Personality (April 18, 2012).
Hale, Scott A. and Margetts, Helen Zerlina, Understanding the Mechanics of Online Collective Action Using 'Big Data' (March 22, 2012).
David Lazer is the co-author of two of these papers. If you don't know it already, Stuart Shulman's work is definitely worth checking out. Thamy Pogrebinschi is probably one of the people to look out for in the coming years in the field of participatory democracy.
Lazer, David, Sokhey, Anand E., Neblo, Michael A. and Esterling, Kevin M., Deliberative Ripples: The Network Effects of Political Events (August 10, 2010).
Neblo, Michael A., Esterling, Kevin M., Kennedy, Ryan, Lazer, David and Sokhey, Anand E., Who Wants to Deliberate – and Why? (September 15, 2009). HKS Working Paper No. RWP09-027.
Stuart W. Shulman, 2009. "The case against mass e–mails: Perverse incentives and low quality public participation in U.S. federal rulemaking," Policy & Internet, volume 1, number 1, article 2.
Pogrebinschi, Thamy, The Squared Circle of Participatory Democracy: Scaling-up Deliberation to the National Level (2012). APSA 2012 Annual Meeting Paper.
Largely unknown even among the most enthusiastic participation advocates, there is a growing body of literature in the field of tax morale that links citizen engagement to reduced tax evasion: one of the best cases for the ROI of Open Government. Below is one of the best papers in the field.
Frey, Bruno S., and Lars P. Feld (2002) "Deterrence and Morale in Taxation: An Empirical Analysis." CESifo Working Paper no. 760, August 2002
You can find more references about tax morale here. Alex Howard gives a good account of how this might be happening in the DR Congo, helped by mobile phones (a project I'm part of).
And if the subject is the ROI of open government, here's a paper that links participatory budgeting to reduced infant mortality (and there's more to be published on that front soon).
If I were to make any predictions for 2013, I would say we will start to see a growing number of studies using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the validity of claims for transparency and participation. Indeed, some donors in the open government space have already started to ask for RCT evaluations as a project component. Here are a couple of examples of how good studies on the subject would look (IMHO):
Olken, B. 2010. Direct Democracy and Local Public Goods: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia. American Political Science Review, 104, pp 243-267
Zhang, K. 2012. "Increasing Citizen Demand for Good Government in Kenya". Stanford University.
Of course, scholars, practitioners and donors should take claims about the awesomeness of RCTs with a good grain of salt (and pepper):
Deaton, A. 2008. Instruments of development? Randomization in the tropics, and the hunt for the keys to development. Princeton University mimeo.
Cartwright, N. 2007. "Are RCTs the gold standard?" Biosocieties, 2, 11–20.
Rothschild, David and Justin Wolfers. 2011. "Forecasting Elections: Voter Intentions versus Expectations." Working paper, University of Pennsylvania.
Gomez, Brad T., Thomas G. Hansford, and George A. Krause. 2007. "The Republicans Should Pray for Rain: Weather, Turnout, and Voting in U.S. Presidential Elections." Journal of Politics 69 (August): 649–63.
This is just the first part of a longer list. I hope to finish a second part soon, focusing – among other things – on the (uneasy) intersection of behavioural economics and participatory democracy.
Happy reading.


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Christmas in a Door County Cottage
A cottage nestled along Green Bay in Wisconsin's Door County glows with traditional charm, providing a snug retreat all winter long.
Ice, water and sky
The winter holidays are especially magical at this cottage-style home on Wisconsin's Ellison Bay, when the cove freezes over and the snow-frosted woods are quiet. With virtually every room oriented toward the waterfront, the Door County home captures a blue-and-white tableau of ice, water and sky.
Spacious but cozy
The living room showcases the home's signature paneling as well as a coffered ceiling and a fireplace made of local stone. Transom-topped windows let in lakefront views and make even moderately sized rooms feel spacious and airy. At Christmas, the painted Dala horses and red tulips on the table reflect the homeowners' Dutch-Scandinavian heritage and spirit.
Holiday tradition
Wood shoes filled with imported candy are reminders of the family's Dutch-Scandinavian heritage.
Soft blue and cream
Simple, elegant holiday arrangements of soft blue and cream suit an everyday Nordic aesthetic.
Scandinavian straw
Straw ornaments are traditional Scandinavian favorites.
Many Door County year-rounders have Scandinavian roots. The peninsula's rugged landscape appealed to the Swedes and Norwegians who settled here during the 1800s.
Flexible dining
Beside the dining area's built-in cupboard, French doors with transoms open to the enclosed porch. As in the living room, the dining area features planked, white-on-white walls, a decor that reflects both Scandinavian aesthetics as well as cottage style. Cherry floors visually anchor the traditional furnishings and antiques.
Dutch-inspired decor
Delft tiles accent the dining room's tumbled marble hearth.
Cottage style in the kitchen
White-painted cabinets with inset doors, classic bin pulls, "footed" toe kicks and curvy brackets bring cottage style to the kitchen.
Year-round charm
Vintage-look lighting and a subway tile backsplash add to the kitchen's charm all year, though festive touches such as the hand-stitched towels hanging on the oven share a holiday message at Christmastime.
A porch for most seasons
A heated fir floor keeps this porch cozy on all but the coldest days. In summer, wicker furniture replaces the hickory.
Master suite
The first-floor master bedroom's high wainscoting varies the home's panel theme.


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Document.write again
by, 05-09-2017 at 08:16 PM (51024 Views)
I know, I know... We should not recommend the use of document.write (DW). But not all uses of it are necessarily bad. There are even instances where it is definitely useful, see this. And there's a solution for many problems that people relate to the use of DW. Here's my small contribution to a discussion that is not dead yet:
DW is bad because it does not work in XHTML.
XHTML is a dead duck, so consider changing your DOCTYPE.
DW executed after the page has finished loading will overwrite the page.
Make it run invisibly while the page is still loading then apply the method below.
DW executes where encountered: it cannot inject at a given node point.
This problem can be dealt with. Make DW run invisibly while the page is still loading (see above), like this:

then use innerHTML to copy the docwritten content to any div you want, for example:
push DW-content to a specific place .
If your docwritten content is an external file (your domain), then the use of innerHTML for pushing it to a specific place(see above) wil not destroy any code present in the external file since it is already docwritten to your page.
DW is writing serialized text which is not the way the DOM works conceptually.
This kind of objections does not prevent most of us from using innerHTML and JSON!
DW prevents the browser from processing the parts of the page that follow the writing block.
When this turns out to be a problem, simply put the invisible writing blocks (see above) just before the closing body tag.


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Mortgage for the deduction?
Dear Dave:My wife and I are looking at buying a new home. We've been really blessed with our finances, and we're at a point where we can pay cash for a new house and still have plenty of money in the bank. Should we do this, or is it a better idea to get a mortgage for the tax deduction? — Brian
Dear Brian: I think the real question is this: Why wouldn't you pay cash if you have the ability to do so? I would never advise someone to get, or keep, a mortgage just for the tax deduction, because these tax deductions are never 100 percent.
Let's pretend you had a $200,000 mortgage at five percent interest. That would be $10,000 a year in interest. If you take a $10,000 tax deduction and you're in a 25 percent tax bracket, that would save you 25 percent of $10,000 on your tax bill — or $2,500. So, you would never send $10,000 to your mortgage company just to avoid sending $2,500 to the IRS. You don't keep a mortgage just for the tax deduction. That's trading a dollar for a quarter, and you don't want to do that. Everybody thinks losing the tax deduction is an awful thing, but you could give $10,000 extra to your church — something you don't have to be in debt to do — and get the same tax write-off.
There are numerous positive aspects to staying out of debt. One big thing it does is change your risk level. It gives you a level of peace and security you'll never have when debt is hanging over your head. All that money that was going out the door to the bank can be used to build wealth and give like never before! — Dave
Dear Dave: I paid off my house a little over a year ago, and I'm completely debt-free. That's a good thing, because I recently had some large medical bills and I don't have quite as much cash as usual on hand. My younger sister recently received a tax bill from the IRS for $30,000. I love her to death, but she's extremely irresponsible with money and in debt up to her eyeballs. I know how you feel about debt, and I've tried to teach her how to handle money, but considering her situation — should I take out a home equity loan of $30,000 to help her? — Toni
Dear Toni: Absolutely not! Does that mean you don't love her and care about her? It does not. But you told me she won't behave with money. You don't give money to people who won't behave with the stuff. That kind of behavior doesn't help anyone, and it doesn't fix the problem. It's like giving a drunk a drink.
"Help" would be aiding this lady in changing her ways when it comes to finances. If you just give her a fish, it will stink and go bad. You have to teach her to fish. That attitude is not about being mean to her, it's just where she is in her life. She needs to be educated, not enabled. And it doesn't mean she's a bad person, either. It just means you can't endorse negative behavior or participate in her denial.
Keep trying to teach her, and pray for her. Make sure, too, that she's in contact with the IRS about a payment plan. I know she's your little sister, but you can't fix this one for her. Sometimes the best help you can give someone is to help them change their behavior. That way, they will hopefully learn how to carry their own weight. — Dave
Dave Ramsey is CEO of Ramsey Solutions. He has authored seven best-selling books, including The Total Money Makeover. The Dave Ramsey Show is heard by more than 13 million listeners each week on 585 radio stations and multiple digital platforms. Follow Dave on the web atdaveramsey.com and on Twitter at @DaveRamsey.


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Folder CBOR/CPIX Commercial Options
Anyone may search properties without signing in by going directly to www.CPIX.net and selecting "Search" in the upper right corner, or in the search bar on the homepage (the viewable properties are only those listed by our full access CPIX members). Free limited guest access accounts are available to those with a listing (these listings will only be viewable by our full access CPIX members, not the general public). See below for details on how to request "Guest Access."
The Ann Arbor Area Board of REALTORS® has entered into an agreement with the Commercial Board of REALTORS® (CBOR) to offer commercial benefits to AAABoR members. This agreement includes:
A. Input Guest listings
1. Complete a CPIX Participation Agreement and indicate 'Guest Access'
NOTE: Once your Guest Access is approved, CPIX will send an email with login information where listings can be input
- You will be able to edit your commercial listing
- Only full access Michigan CPIX members will be able to see your listing
- You WILL NOT have full access to CPIX **
- You WILL NOT be able to see your listing **
**If you desire full access, see "Paid Services" below
A. Access to CBOR Secondary Membership with full participation in CPIX at reduced fees
1. Complete a CPIX Participation Agreement and indicate 'Member Access'
NOTE: Once your Member Access is approved, CPIX will send an email with login information where listings can be input
B. With Membership/Member Access you will receive these additional benefits:
- Access to Commercial education
- Commercial forms provided by CBOR
- CBOR member newsletter
- Member pricing for events


text:
My weekly ritual of shallow, half-baked thoughts from Sunday's NFL results:
Panthers: NFL's 2nd-Best Team? In the ever-changing search for the next nominee for "Who's No. 2?" in the NFL (behind the Bears, of course), might I nominate the hard-charging Panthers?
After an 0-2 start to the season, Carolina notched its 4th win in a row -- and its biggest yet -- over the 4-1 Ravens, which included a career day from Jake Delhomme (365 yards, 2 TDs), 189 yards from star Steve Smith and 3 FGs from John Kasay, all while the D held the Ravens to 80 yards rushing, the fourth straight game they've held an opponent to under 100 yards on the ground. Classic Panthers. Sure looks like a team with No. 2 Mo to me.
(Meawhile, who had "Week 7" in the office pool for "When will an injury to Steve McNair ruin his surprisingly good start for the Ravens?")
Ugh: I can't believe T.O. caught 3 TDs.
That would be the most depressing result of the day if it wasn't for the fact that Torry Holt beat out T.O. for best (read: Fantasy) WR of the day (even if the Rams lost to the Seahawks).
How can you NOT feel good for the Saints, losing a 17-3 lead to the Eagles to fall behind early in the 4th, then rallying with a TD, holding the Eagles offense off and giving themselves a chance to win in the final seconds on a John Carney FG? What a story this team is.
(And they did it all without a big game from Reggie Bush, who isn't even the best rookie in his own division, let alone NFL Rookie of the Year.)
Wait, are you
Wait, are youlooking for the REAL Rookie of the Year? Here you go:
Bruce Gradkowski is the new Ben Roethlisberger, the MAC alumni QB making a huge splash as a rookie, the latest a 2-TD effort today that included a last-minute, game-winning TD pass.
But, after just two games, I'd say what Gradkowski has done is even more impressive than what Big Ben did after two games as a starter.
(In fact, I'm calling it now: "Big Bruce" as a nickname, though I've read "Bruce Almighty" being thrown around. Now THAT's bold.)
I even looked up the numbers to back up my argument (shocking, I know): In Big Ben's first two games starting for the Steelers as a rookie, he was 24-42 for 339 yards, with 3 TDs and 3 INTs. The Steelers went 1-1. In Big Bruce's first two games starting for the Bucs as a rookie, he was 45-75 for 409 yards, with 4 TDs and 0 INTs. The Bucs went 1-1.
(I suck, but I'm humbled by the collective abilities of the Commenters. I leave up my sorry-ass analysis up here as penance. You all rule. See? THIS is why I never deal in numbers.)
But it comes down to this: Gradkowski is doing it with one of the worst five teams in the NFL; R'berger did it with one of the best top five teams. Who's job is easier -- thus, whose success is more impressive?
Speaking of Big Ben, it looks like he's back. At the very least, the Chiefs were the perfect antidote for what up until now has been a completely forgettable season for R'berger.
Joining the Bucs in the "Winless No More" column are the Titans, who shocked the suddenly reeling Redskins behind rookie Vince Young's first NFL win. (The Lions did it, too, leaving only the sorry Raiders.)
It's hard to proclaim the Falcons the NFL's top running team when they're out-gained on the ground by the Giants in a loss. (Tiki Barber had one of those frustrating days for a fantasy owner where you wonder how he could rush for 185 yards and still not score any TDs.)
Chargers blow out 49ers: Philip Rivers is looking like so much more than a mere Big Ben-style "game manager": He looks like an aggressive, accurate star-in-the-making.
I can't believe Joey Harrington almost led the Dolphins to a 17-point 4th-quarter comeback on the Jets. How are the Jets 3-3?
There's "Winless No More" and then there's the Raiders:
MNF: Tonight is going to be ugly, but it's the chance for the Bears to prove to the whole country that they deserve to be considered the overwhelming Super Bowl favorite at this point.-- D.S.


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Baltic Amber Medium Bee Pendant
Baltic Amber Medium Bee Pendant
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Care Instructions
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Massey Ferguson MF 6700S Series Tractor (6712S, 6713S, 6714S, 6715S, 6716S, 6718S) Workshop Service Repair Manual
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Contains repair, maintenance, safety, and service information
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Massey Ferguson MF 6700S Series Tractor (6712S, 6713S, 6714S, 6715S, 6716S, 6718S)
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What You Most Need to Know About WordPress
At the recent WordCamp Portland 2012, I was asked by several attendees to cover the basics of WordPress and we came up with What You Most Need to Know About WordPress. Here are the "notes" from that unconference presentation.
The Difference Between Categories and Tags
I hear this question at WordCamps, from readers, students, and clients all the time. "What is the difference between categories and tags?"
Here is the fast answer: Categories are your table of contents. Tags are your index words.
Categories are the main directory to guide visitors to the appropriate "department" to find the information they seek.
Tags are the micro-navigation that collects all the references to specific topics and usages of the word in a tag page for visitors to find related content.
Here are references with more information on categories and tags:
- Tags and Tagging in WordPress
- Categories versus Tags – What's the Difference and Which One?
- What Do You Blog About? Check Your Tags
- Tags Are Not Categories – Got It?
- Are You Uncategorized?
- Putting Some Thought Into Blog Categories and Tags
- One Year Anniversary Review: Tags, Tagging, and Categories
- Are You Abusing and Misusing Tags?
What is the Difference Between a Page and Post?
There continues to be confusion over Pages (with a capital P) and posts in WordPress.
Here is the fast answer: Pages are timeless. Posts are timely.
Content you need to refer to frequently that doesn't change, that guide a visitor to the most critical information they need to know consistently, should be put into Pages.
Content that consists of news, updates, general information, editorial content, references, and babble are posts.
Pages usually are for the About, Contact, Events, Products, Services, and timeless information.
Posts carry "How to," "Why bother," "What you need to know about," "What happened to me today," and "What I know" topics, among others.
Part of the confusion over posts and Pages is that people treat blogs like books. Books are presented in a specific order, segregated by chapters and sections. Blogs feature content in reverse chronology, the newest at the top.
If you are blogging a book, consider creating a "Reading Order" Page that lists the navigation of your post content in the order to read.
You may also use a WordPress Plugin that reverses the publishing order from reverse chronology to chronology, but think about how you will publish the content. Will you publish it in order? Or will it be chapter 1, 2, 6, 3, 7, 9, 5…?
If you've hooked your audience, they are eagerly waiting for the next chapter in the series, right? Why make them scroll to the bottom of the blog posts to find the most recent addition. Put it at the top and they will read it first, eagerly! If unfamiliar with your story, the middle of the story might excite them enough to start them reading from the beginning, so include a link to the reading order on every post.
For more information on posts and Pages:
- Who The Hell Are You?
- Do You Update Posts or Post Updates?
- WordPress Pages: Exploring the Pseudo-Static Pages of WordPress
- Technical Tips for Publishing a Series of Articles on Your Blog
How to Avoid Long Posts on the Front Page
Do the long, never-ending collection of run-on posts on the front page of your WordPress site make you crazy? Is it hard for users to scroll, and keep scrolling, through all of it to find what might be of interest?
Start first with the Settings > Reading panel. Set the number of posts to see on the front page to a quantity comfortable for you. Eight to fifteen might be a good range to choose from.
Some WordPress Themes offer the option to set posts to full or excerpts on multiple post pageviews like the front page, category pageviews, and other pages featuring many posts on a page. Choose excerpt to restrict your posts to approximately 200 words as an excerpt. A "continue reading" link will appear at the end of the excerpt.
I'd love to see this feature in the core of WordPress. Until then, either use the excerpt feature provided by the Theme, or use the more feature.
On a post, position your cursor to where you wish the end of the excerpt to be. Click the more button on the post toolbar. Your post will appear to this point on the multiple post pageviews like the front page.
Speed Up Your Login
Teaching WordPress at Clark College, I was surprised at the many ways people had for accessing the back end of their WordPress site. They came up with some very creative access points.
The fastest way to access your site is by adding
login to the end of your site's URL. For example: http://example.com/login/
The next fastest way to access your site is to provide a login link in the sidebar or on a menu on your site. The link would be the same as above.
If you are already logged in, you have several access points.
The most common is through the admin bar at the top of the screen. Hover the mouse over the title of your site on the left and choose an access point there.
Hover over your name and find a menu of access points there.
Click New Post to quickly add a new post. It is located next to your name at the right corner of the Admin Bar.
Look for an Edit link near your blog post titles or in the post meta data area (the spot where the date, author, categories, tags, and other information about your post resides). That will allow you to edit the post and quickly choose another Administration Panel.
Things You Need to Know About Content in WordPress
There will always be debates about what makes appropriate and must-have content in a blog or website, and there are a lot of myths about the content. Here are the things you must know about WordPress when it comes to content and publishing.
How to Link
As required by US Federal law and many international laws, you are required to have a title attribute in your HTML links. WordPress offers this when adding a link from either editor. Use it. The title attribute is supposed to be a descriptive sentence (in sentence structure) that instructs the user about what the destination is for the link. Do not use spammy keywords, just information to help them decide to click. For more information on the law and how it works, see "Basic Facts and Resources You Need to Know Now About Web Accessibility."
"Link dumps" are dumping links into blog posts in raw form: https://lorelle.wordpress.com/2006/11/09/wordpress-pages-exploring-the-pseudo-static-pages-of-wordpress/ While WordPress used to automatically convert these into links, it appears to not do from the Text editor, only from the Visual editor, leaving ugly, unclickable links.
These are not proper links. They are ugly, hard to read, and violate web standards for accessibility. Link shortners are only for social media services, not your blog post content. Using link shortners and dumping those links into your content are also considered link dumps, unprofessional and ugly.
Make links a part of your content. Make them readable. I offer writing tips for bloggers and web writers to help you learn more about the art of writing for the web, and this is one of them. Wasn't that easier to read?
Make your links matter. Links in blogrolls (Links panel in WordPress) don't work. They are archaic methods of linking to sites you presumably recommend. Such links have been abused, so they are no longer given credit by search engines in their ranking. WordPress is removing the Links feature in an upcoming version. If you wish to recommend a site or blogger, write an article about them. Create a Page called "Resources" and list the resources and references associated with your topic or specialty. Make the links matter. Give users reasons to visit them.
The most important thing you need to know about links is their power. Here are some articles discussing the power of the link.
- The Power of the Link
- Linkers Losing Out With Link Lackluster
- Creating Attention Getting Linkable Content
- Do You Need Permission to Link to Someone's Content?
- Link Etiquette: You Do Not Need Permission to Link
- Tracing Your Blog Links
- The Magic and Fun of Incoming Links
- Blog Success: It's the Linkable Content, Folks
- Why A Link Post Should Be Like Mingling at a Party
- Why You Want To Link To Other Blogs
How to Use Images in WordPress
Images are added through the Media Uploader/Media Library in WordPress.
There is a lot of misunderstanding when it comes to using images in WordPress. They are embedded content.
You cannot just copy an image from a web page or somewhere else and paste it into WordPress. You must upload the image file to the Media Library and embed it from there into your post or Page. Or you may use the feature that permits linking to an image from another location on the web, called the image URL. This is an ideal way of linking to Flickr images.
Images may be set to align (float) to the left, right, or center with the text wrapped around the image. Most people ignore this feature, so learn to use it to integrate images properly into your blog posts.
Images may also just sit on your web page in a post or Page, or they can be linked to the full-size image, or better yet, set as an attachment. The WordPress image attachment allows the image to be viewed in its own blog post with an area for comments associated with that image. If the link to the image goes directly to the image, it is shown on a blank white page. The image attachment feature keeps the image "on" your site with the branding and familiar Theme.
By US Federal and international law, all images are required to have an alternative description. When preparing to embed the image into a post or Page, WordPress requires a title for an image, not the alternative description. While we are waiting for WordPress to emphasize this, requiring both the title and ALT, you must remember to type it in yourself.
Before you ever upload an image to WordPress, change the file name. Image file names such as
img395480184.jpg are useless, both for us trying to find a specific image in our storage systems, or on your WordPress site. The lack of a clear and easy to understand file name is another chance you have to add more words to your site to improve readability as well as SEO. While the file name is not visible to the typical user,
sunset-at-ocean-shores-winter-2012.jpg will win over
img482309547.jpg or
sunset-320954.jpg. Make your file names have words.
Learn how to resize your photographs or learn how to set your camera or phone to record the image at the appropriate size for your site and the web. Images larger than 100K can be torture for someone on slow Internet access or on a tablet or phone. If the image is shown at 400 pixels, why upload an image file that is 4 megabytes in file size and 3000 pixels wide? If you are a professional photographer, this makes sense. If you are the rest of us, make sure your images are sized appropriately both in "physical" size and file size.
Also learn the difference between image types. The JPG format is perfect for photography, allowing file size optimization while maintaining the vivid color and clarity for most photographs. The PNG format is ideal for all other images that don't require the depth and clarity of a photograph. Infographics and large graphic content such as cartoons have the option to be in PDF format, though that is for downloading and viewing as a PDF not a viewable image on a web page.
While on the subject of images, I'd like to address multimedia in general. When embedding music, podcasts, or video in your WordPress sites, remember it is illegal in most countries to set it to autoplay, no matter how much you wish to push it at your readers. It must be their idea to play, not yours.
Using images that do not match the content, or titillate rather than educate, is a great way to lose readership. Use images in your site that represent your content and site's purpose at all times.
Use Headings in Posts and Pages
Headings are those
<h1>, <h2>, <h3>, etc. HTML tags used in your Theme for the blog title, tagline, post titles, and sidebar titles. You can use them in your blog posts and Pages, too.
There isn't much research, though a lot of mythology, on the proper length of a blog post or article on the web. Many assume 200 words or 500 words, but the reality and research is that people will read anything no matter its length as long as it is 1) readable, and 2) worth reading to the end.
Research has found that if you write each paragraph to begin with a phrase that draws the reader into the paragraph, end the paragraph with words that make them eager for the next line, and use headings to divide up the sections, a reader is more likely to read it to the end.
In high school and college, and even in the business world, you wrote reports divided up into sections. You had a title, subtitle, and section titles, right?
A blog post is no different. Divide the content up into subtitles and sections. Use headings to subtitle them.
In WordPress, if you use the Text or HTML editor, you can add these manually. If you are using the Visual editor, you can click on the Kitchen Sink button to reveal the second line of formatting buttons. Choose the drop down menu that helps you style the text in your posts and choose an appropriate heading. In general, they should go in numerical order from 1 to 5.
Learn to Use the Kitchen Sink
In WordPress, the Kitchen Sink is the last button on the Visual Editor's toolbar. Hover over it and it says, "Kitchen Sink." Click it to open up another row of tools you can use to style and organize your content within your post.
The Kitchen Sink button reveals the text formatting feature, to set your post content to the headings, code (called performatted), address, and paragraph. It features full justification, font colors, symbols (custom characters), undo and redo.
There is an outdent and indent feature. This allows you to easily move your nested lists in or out. If you use this on the content, it indents the paragraph 30 pixels.
The most powerful three features of the Kitchen Sink are the Paste as Plain Text, Paste from Word, and Remove Formatting.
- If you write your content in Word or another word processing program, use the Paste from Word feature to remove all the unwanted code from Word.
- If you copy content from a web page, word processor or any other non-text source, use the Paste as Plain Text.
- If you make a mistake and paste in content that keeps the formatting of its source, select it and choose Remove Formatting to make it publish clean.
- It also features the styles for underline, a style that should never be used on anything except a link, which means never used as the links are styled by the WordPress Theme stylesheet. If you need emphasis on a word, use bold or italic.
As an additional note on what you must need to know about writing for the web, never mix italic and bold. You thought ALL CAPS WAS ANNOYING. Writing with italic and bold is like a lunatic screaming. Use bold and italic judiciously. Mix CAPS, bold, and italic, and people will run away in fear.
Also, air quotes, "those" words we tend to put into physical quote marks, write the words normally or use italics for "emphasis." 😀 (If you need smilies (emoticons 😉 ) in your content, you aren't writing good. 😦
Write in HTML
Professional bloggers don't mess around with the visual editor in WordPress. That requires time wasted reaching for the mouse and switching your hands between keyboard and mouse. They stick to the HTML editor, renamed the Text Editor in the most recent version of WordPress.
I've been writing my posts and Pages in HTML (today XHTML) since the beginning, required in those early versions. Last year I ran a series of tests to determine how much time I saved writing in HTML compared to using the Visual Editor. A typical blog post took me 10-20 minutes to write in HTML. It took 30-60 minutes with the Visual editor.
You don't have to learn code or treat this like learning a new language. Most of us speak key tourist words in multiple languages and manage to get around on our own in different countries. HTML is no different.
Years ago I researched the key HTML tags you need to know in order to write on the web. I boiled it down to 10. Today, with more research, I've reduced that number to 5 for blogging in WordPress. See The 10 HTML Tags You Must Know to Blog for details on the 10 HTML tags you should know, and the five you can't live without. That's fewer words than you need to know in French, German, Spanish, Russian, and Japanese to ask for a taxi or find a bathroom.
Study the Twenty-Eleven Theme in WordPress
While we are waiting for the release of the 2012 Theme, dig into the Twenty-Eleven WordPress Theme that comes with every installation of WordPress. It is more than just a clean and simple Theme with awesome header art and a distinctive black top menu bar. It is a great testimony for what a WordPress Theme can do.
Here are some highlights of what the 2011 Theme can do.
- Create a hybrid blog, a combination static front page and most recent blog posts on the front.
- Use the Showcase Page template as your "home" page to create a distinctive look for the front page of your site.
- Use the Showcase sidebar with the Showcase Page template to create a sidebar on the front page that is distinctive from the sidebar on your blog.
- Use the sticky post feature to automatically make a slider or carousel appear on the front page of your site.
- For your header art, choose from among the lovely provided images, or replace them with one of your own.
- For your header art, why not choose from among pre-set or your images to create random header art with every page load.
- Go even further with unique header art options with the featured images on posts or Pages. Select a featured image that is equal to or wider than your header art and the Theme will automatically show it on that post.
- With the stick post/slider feature, use the featured image on the post to add it to the right side of the slider.
- Use a featured image equal to or wider than the header art and it will appear in the background of the slider for that sticky post.
- Choose from the light or dark look for the Theme. Light is white background with back text. Dark is black background with white text.
- Make the overall look of your site distinctive by choose a custom background image. Make it different or blend it with the header art to really set your site's look apart from the rest of the 2011 sites.
What is the Most Popular Access Point to your Site?
WordPress Widgets such as most popular posts, and the WordPress.com Stats Plugin reveal the most popular access points to your site. While most people focus the majority of their energy on designing and customizing the front page of their sites, understand that any post could be the gateway to your site.
Use those stats to determine the most popular access points and update those posts or Pages regularly.
Make sure the content says what you intended. Make sure the links are updated and still functioning. Include intrasite links (link to other pages within your site) to direct the visitor to related content and more information.
Is the code, look and feel of the content inline with the rest of your site? Sometimes your most popular posts were written a few years ago. You may have changed the way you write, the use of headings, links, and images. Update it so the content fits within your site as it is currently.
Use your stats to keep your most popular gateway, lobby if you will, clean and welcoming.
- Rotating Old Posts and Tires
- Blog Struggles: When An Old Post is New Again
- Blog Struggles: I Need an Eraser for My Old Posts
- Cleaning Up Old Posts, The Gateway to Your Blog
- SEO Tips: Increase Page Rank By Revitalizing Your Old Posts
SEO in WordPress
When SEO began on the web, it was exactly what the words mean: Search Engine Optimization. The optimization of your code to have it validate without errors and present the content wrapped in code that helps the search engine process the information for indexing, letting nothing get in the search engine's way.
Today it is a used car salesman pitch to get you to the top of search results. Trust me, Google and other search engine providers are smarter than you give them credit for. They know ALL the tricks, usually before you hear about them.
If you blog about purple dragons swimming in a green Martian sea, you will win top ranking in a search for "purple dragons swimming in a green Martian sea." You will not win for the color purple, nor the words dragons, swimming, green, Martian, or sea, and there is little some SEO expert can do about it. Just consider yourself organically at the top of the charts for that unique phrase.
The best SEO is organic, your content rising to the top because you are the expert in purple dragons, not just any dragon. Since you mention purple dragons in every post, then you better be the expert.
Many claim their WordPress Theme will automatically improve your SEO performance. In general, SEO techniques are best served within the content, not the Theme elements or assisted by a WordPress Plugin. With quality, well-written and edited content that serves the reader, you will succeed with SEO strategies no matter what Theme or Plugin you use.
Here is the secret recipe for SEO in WordPress and otherwise.
- Do not use pronouns. Name your nouns repeatedly on a page. "It, they, them, he, she, we…" these mean nothing to search engines. Name them.
- Put nouns (keywords) in your post titles, tagline, headings, categories, tags, links, and bold. If you are serious about the keywords, put them in your blog title and name.
- As of March 2012, US Federal law requires all links have title attributes and images have alternative descriptions. Use these attributes to add more keywords and descriptive phrase that emphasize the purpose of your site and the content.
- Link to trustworthy sites, sites that complement your content and topic. Blog about them, recommend them, and by association, you become trustworthy.
- Write. While search engines are improving their indexing abilities with video and images, they need the words. Lots of words. Nouns. Synonyms. Words related to your topic. Words that convince them you know what you are writing about.
Consider WordPress Plugins and Themes as spices added to a recipe. They can add related posts, tag clouds, navigation breadcrumbs, and more to highlight and feature your content in different ways. Without the core ingredients, these are just spices added to a disaster recipe. Use them judiciously.
- Top 10 List: Just Say No To SEO
- Why Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is Still Important
- Prove It: What Makes You Trust a Website?
- Prove it! Kym Huynh Bio Reloaded
- Prove It: Defining Your Avenues of and Communication Marketing
- 7 Blogging Steps Even Veteran Bloggers Forget
When is the Best Time to Publish a Blog Post?
The best time to publish a blog post is before your readers show up.
It varies for different audiences and industries, but in general, the post should be live on Monday, Tuesday, and/or Wednesday by 6AM PST in order to capture East Coast traffic and morning traffic across North America. The same early morning for the most distant time zone of your audience's region applies.
Gaming, gambling, recreation, and leisure sites get more traffic Thursday through Saturday as people look for things to do or use your websites for "doing nothing" with their time.
In WordPress, you can use the future post feature, also know as timestamp or publish date, to set the exact moment when a post will go live on your site.
Simply set the date and time in the Publish section of the Edit Post panel, and the post will release automatically without you hovering over it.
You are a Part of the WordPress Community Already. Get Active.
My criteria for membership in the WordPress Community is as follows:
- Someone who uses WordPress
- Someone who pushes WordPress by example
- Someone who shares WordPress with others
- Someone who contributes to WordPress development
- Someone who makes a living with WordPress
If you qualify, get yourself down to the next WordPress Meetup in your area. You can find an extensive list on WordPress Meetup.com monthly listings.
And check out a WordCamp near you. WordCamp Central has a list of upcoming WordCamps. A WordCamp is an annual "big" WordPress event held regionally for WordPress fans.
What Else Do You Need to Know About WordPress?
The following are additional things you need to know about WordPress.
- WordPress.com is the free, hosted version of WordPress. WordPress is the free, self-hosted version of WordPress.
- If you are new to the concept of blogging and web publishing, start with WordPress.com. It is the same as the self-hosted version of WordPress. It features a variety of WordPress Themes to choose from and most of its extensive functionality comes from WordPress Plugins, so it's a good place to learn how WordPress works.
- If you have an issue with someone that is using WordPress, determine if they are using WordPress.com or the self-hosted version of WordPress. If they are on WordPress.com, see How to Report Abuse to WordPress.com as you may be able to file a copyright violation (DMCA) claim or other legal claim against the site owner through them. If they are on the self-hosted version of WordPress, WordPress and Automattic has nothing to do with it. They cannot help you. You must contact the site owner, administrator, and web host in order to pursue action against them legally.
- Never hold back updating your WordPress site to the latest version. WordPress is tested thoroughly on WordPress.com (with millions of blogs and bloggers) and on thousands of development sites around the world for months before it sees the light of your day. WordPress Theme and Plugin authors are alerted long before then so check with them for updates first to avoid compatibility issues.
- If there is a mandatory WordPress update for security reasons, update immediately. Hackers have been known to exploit known vulnerabilities hoping to do damage before you upgrade. Upgrade now.
- If your WordPress site is hacked, it is often not the fault of WordPress. It could be that you haven't upgraded WordPress. It could be that the entry point was through PHP, MySQL, a WordPress Plugin, a WordPress Theme, JavaScript, or through a bad web host server. There are many reasons and ways. Focus on fixing it. Before you blame WordPress, know the source of the vulnerability. WordPress updates immediately when there is a vulnerability found. Keep WordPress updated accordingly.
- WordPress is fun. Whether you are blogging or publishing for fun or business, fascinated with code, design, or programming, WordPress is great fun.
Additionally, I'd like to thank the WordCamp PDX organizers for suggesting and accepting the topic.
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Release Date: December 11, 2008
Release dates | Coded tables | Historical data
Current release | Screen reader | PDF (450 KB)
F.225.i Individual Retirement Accounts IRAs1
Billions of dollars; quarterly figures are seasonally adjusted annual rates
1. Assets of the household sector (F.100). IRA assets are not included in pension fund reserves (table F.225), except for those at life insurance companies. Figures for depositories (lines 2 through 4)
include Keogh accounts. Variable annuities in IRAs are in the life insurance sector (line 5) and are excluded from the mutual fund sector (line 7) and from the money market fund sector (line 6). Return to text
Release dates |
Coded tables |
Historical data