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Charlie Fowler – American Alpinist
That Charlie Fowler would meet his end while doing what he loved is no huge surprise given the sheer volume of his climbing. At age 52, he'd racked up three and a half decades of it, and had carried his quiet air of a seasoned survivor from hard rock to the high-risk games of alpine climbing and soloing.
The final passage on Charlie Fowler's website was typically unadorned in style. On October 3, 2006, he wrote that at the end of the week,
I will be traveling to China and Tibet for a two-month exploratory journey. I will be pretty much out of touch so don't bother e-mailing me until sometime
in December. He might have the chance to post on his blog, he noted, but even that is unlikely.
A few days later Fowler boarded a plane with his partner, Christine Boskoff, for the rugged mountains of Sichuan Province on the Chinese/Tibetan frontier.
On December 27, a body, mostly buried in snow, was found at the 5,300-meter level on the slopes of Genyen, a 6,000-plus-meter peak in the remote eastern
reaches of Sichuan.
The next day, the body. wearing crampons, blue gaiters and gray plastic boots, and bearing an ice axe with a snapped pick. was determined to be Fowler's.
The disposition and whereabouts of Boskoff is undetermined, though she is presumed dead. A day later the search was called off due to incoming snow
and accompanying avalanche hazard.
That Charlie Fowler would meet his end while doing what he loved is no huge surprise given the sheer volume of his climbing. At age 52, he'd racked up
three and a half decades of it, and had carried his quiet air of a seasoned survivor from hard rock to the high-risk games of alpine climbing and soloing.
Says Mike Benge, who penned the only profile ever written of Fowler, Charlie was as close as anyone to the 365-day-per-year climber. He got in more pitches,
peaks and trips than anybody I know. He was in the same league as someone like Alex Lowe. (Lowe died in an avalanche in 1999.)
Some of Fowler's most noteworthy ascents were with no rope: he soloed David Breashears' technical Eldo scarefest Perilous Journey (5.11d X), the
loose Flakes Route (5.10) on the 1,500-foot walls of the Black Canyon, and the 1,800-meter Direct North Face of the Eiger. Fowler's more conventional
climbing resume is mind-blowing, 8,000-meter peaks like Everest without oxygen (and without actually using an ice axe), 5.13 rock, hard bouldering,
A4 big walls and myriad first ascents: free, aid, ice and alpine.
In April, 1984 Fowler literally took a 400-footer, and lived to tell the tale. He was simul-soloing the North Chimney, a broad gully choked with spring
snow, on the Diamond Face of Long's Peak, Rocky Mountain National Park, when his partner Alex Lowe knocked off a large chunk of snow from above. It
hit Fowler, and he tumbled to the bottom, landing 50 feet out from the wall. He was overall unhurt and apparently unfazed, later saying, If you're
gonna fall off, better land in a big pile of snow.
Fowler first caused a stir in 1977, pushing the limits with climbs such as a solo of the Direct North Buttress (V 5.10) in Yosemite. The insecure
mantel crux is legendary for spitting experienced, and roped, climbers off.
Looking at Fowler's own list of climbing highlights on his website, you'll notice an emphasis placed on bold climbs rather than the high-end ascents commonly
listed by other climbers. For example, he lists solos, such as his 1978 free solo of the Casual Route on the Diamond (III 5.10a), or hard
free firsts like Pale Fire (IV 5.12) on Moses Tower in the Canyonlands. He doesn't note repeats of early sport routes like the thin, sparsely
bolted Paris Girl (5.13a R), which only took him several hours, in Eldorado Canyon in the mid-1980s, or his first ascents of Office Girls Walk the Plank (5.12d), an overhanging gear-protected seam, and Captain Crunch (given 5.13a, now sometimes called 5.13b), also in Eldorado. These routes,
though the cutting edge of technical difficulty during that era, didn't seem to pull much weight in Fowler's mind.
In 1977, Fowler survived a terrible epic on Gurla Mandhata, a massive 7,694-meter peak in Western Tibet. He was guiding two clients on a new route up the
mountain's technical north face when, five days into the climb, the trio was forced to descend from a point about 500 feet below the summit. They took
a huge fall when one of the rope team slipped on 50-degree ice, and slid 1500 feet, eventually landing in a snowfield. The three, with the worst initial
injury a twisted leg for Fowler, eventually made it back to basecamp. All suffered frostbite, the worst by Quinn Simons, who eventually lost his fingers,
and his feet at the ankles.
Though Fowler lost parts of five toes and his entire right big toe, in recent years, he adapted and went on to develop hundreds of routes in Southwestern
Colorado. Between those, he found time for big alpine routes like the 40-pitch West Face of Cerro Torre, dubbed by Fowler's partner Jim Surette as
perhaps the best ice climb on the planet, with hard ice, tricky mixed climbing and a 95-degree crux (the pair reached a point just below the summit
mushroom). Fowler climbed the 8,000-meter giants Cho Oyu and Shishapangma as well as Everest.
Given his record, his smarts and his toughness, the thing that's most shocking is that Fowler appears to have died under innocuous circumstances.
It was some sort of unexpected accident, says Steve Johnson, a longtime friend and climbing partner of Fowler's, and an attorney in Telluride. Given their
experience level, something unforeseeable must have happened. They found Charlie with his right glove missing, no harness, and carrying an empty video
camera bag.
Johnson is one of the organizers of the Fowler Boskoff Search Committee (FBSC), formed on December 12 after Fowler and Boskoff failed to show up at the
airport on their scheduled arrival date, December 4. The effort was a rapid and remarkable showing that speaks as much to the close ties within the
Telluride climbing community as to the respect and affection Fowler garnered over the years. The FBSC, headed by Keith Brown, Damon Johnston, Steve
Johnson, Arlene Burns and Daiva Chesonis worked virtually around the clock for a month to organize, fund and direct the search. Mountainfilm, in Telluride,
immediately agreed to establish a Fowler Boskoff Search Fund under its non-profit umbrella to accept tax-deductible donations for the search effort.
Enough money was raised in a single day, thanks largely to a donation from Dr. John McCall, a longtime client and friend of Fowler's, to start the
initial search effort.
Mountain Madness, the Seattle-based guiding service owned by Boskoff, paid for a Central Asia-based guide, Ted Callahan, to supervise the field operation.
Later, Mountain Madness agreed to reimburse FBSC for half the search expenses to date, and it has committed to jointly funding the continuing search
for Boskoff this spring.
The FBSC also hired the Chinese-speaking Jon Otto of Blue Sheep Travel and the Chengdu-based Kara Jenkinson as search coordinators. It was one of Otto's
search teams, with Ted Callahan acting as field coordinator, that found Fowler.
Stevenson says, The body had head injuries, and contrary to initial newswire reports, was not buried in avalanche debris, but simply snow. It looks like
they were scouting for an advance basecamp. The camera has not been recovered.
The likely subject in that camera's tape was Christine Boskoff, 39. The 5'3 ex-Lockheed electrical engineer was, according to Andy Dappen in a 2004 feature
in Rock and Ice, regarded by many as the best female high-altitude climber alive. Never one to blow her own horn, Boskoff was modest despite her success
in virtually everything she did. Extremely driven and tough in both the mountains and in managing her business, she had by autumn 2006 climbed the
so-called Seven Summits and participated in 12 8,000-meter expeditions. She'd summitted Lhotse, Shishapangma, Broad Peak, Cho Oyu, Gasherbrum II and
Everest (twice). After quitting Lockheed, Boskoff in the early years of 2000 seemed well on her way toward tagging all 14 8,000ers. Then something
changed. By 2004 she had turned her back on that game, becoming more attracted to Asia's lower, unclimbed peaks, which, coincidentally or not, was
the path her boyfriend, Fowler, had been quietly pursuing for over 15 years.
Boskoff's and Fowler's years of experience in the high mountains and their training as high-altitude guides also seem to make it unlikely that an avalanche
killed them. The ability to assess hazardous terrain is an intrinsic part of their profession, and neither was goal-oriented to the point of recklessness.
Boskoff said in the Rock and Ice interview, I used to feel I had to make the goal; I pushed and pushed. Over time, I've started to back off because
so many friends and acquaintances have died climbing.
Johnson says, Charlie had a pile jacket around his waist and was wearing light layers, so it was probably mid-morning when the accident occurred. That
makes sense, because at that time of day, when the sun loosens snow and ice, objective hazards increase. The fact that Charlie had an empty camera
bag and an ungloved right hand makes us think he was filming when the accident struck.
This notion is supported by the fact that Fowler's sunglasses were missing, though his sunglass case was found in his pack. He was wearing a big pack indicating
load-carrying, not a summit push.
Callahan says, Despite a search for a basecamp near where Charlie's body was found, none was discovered.
Fowler and Boskoff probably set out early that day to establish a high camp. The mountain face towering above them was cased in snow and ice and ribbed
with black rock. They were climbing ropeless over moderate terrain to well above the 5,300-meter mark between two of those ribs, in a gully that eventually
joins a fluted summit ridge. In Fowler's pack were the rope, food and stove. We can assume that Boskoff carried the rack and their tent, which would
be the notoriously frugal Fowler's Wal-Mart kid's tent with its green camo tarp. After the two had climbed for a few hours, the sun came out and in
the morning light, Fowler filmed Boskoff. They were probably in the bright glaring sun, as the shade at that altitude is frigid cold, even during daytime.
He took his right glove off to work the camera. He wore no helmet, so his glasses might have been perched on his head while he looked through the viewfinder.
The beautiful symmetrical summit of Genyen would be a mere 800 meters above, a day, maybe two of climbing for the fit pair who'd already bagged a coveted
peak just shy of the 6,000-meter mark in an adjacent valley.
Fowler had written in an e-mail to a friend on October 25, We bagged a great peak, Yala, the one Fred Beckey and 10 other expeditions had failed to climb.
Chris and I walked in and did it by a great line.
The two stood on the brink of adding a bonus summit to an already brilliant expedition.
Then something terrible happened.
It looks more like rock or serac fall, something that fell down and hit one or both of them, maybe knocking the other off, says Steve Johnson. Current
analysis is uncertain as to whether the fall was climbing-related or due to an objective hazard. Regardless, a fall appears to be the cause of death.
They could have been soloing up the start of the gully system at the base of the mountain when someone fell, says Johnson, or was hit by rockfall or crumbling
Fowler's body was discovered at the base of a moderate snow slope that covered a talus field.
Recent snowfall made it tough to evaluate the accident scene, says Callahan. But there weren't avalanche debris, ice chunks or rocks nearby, at least on
the surface. He adds, Charlie's position was consistent with falling from one of the snow gullies leading toward Genyen's summit ridge.
The body was covered with snow from a recent storm, with legs propped on an exposed rock. It was the legs, backlit against the snow, that revealed Fowler's
final resting place.
His injuries appeared consistent with a long fall.
It's hard to tell, but based on where they likely were, Charlie fell about 100 meters, Callahan says. Though the official autopsy is being translated from
Chinese at the time of this writing, the details of the tragedy will probably remain a mystery.
As my friends can attest, I can be a reticent guy; shy, in fact. Nevertheless, I have strongly held convictions and opinions and will use this blog to
express myself when the spirit moves me.
So wrote Fowler just in the past year. Though he was a fine writer with a degree in environmental science from the University of Virginia, Fowler over
the decades published only a few articles. He did write several guidebooks to the rock and ice climbs local to his home in Norwood, an hour west of
One of two major articles was The Sandstone Crucible,¿€½€Ã€³€ï€¿€½€Â an articulate, impassioned treatise on the state of ethics and bolting in Boulder
free-climbing during the mid-1980s. It lauded the values of what we now call trad climbing and decried the new-wave sport movement as making a mockery
of the term free climbing. Life's a Beach, a reflective memoir on climbing in the Canyonlands, spoke poetically of the beauty of the desert climbing
experience: You forget how harsh it can be, you forget how terrified you get, Fowler wrote. You remember how beautiful it is, and how high you feel
on the summits.
As for Fowler's achievements, they cannot be overstated. As Gary Neptune, owner of Boulder's Neptune Mountaineering and a former employer of Fowler, says,
Charlie had a ton of respect from those who counted. I remember Walter Bonatti coming up to me and giving me a big hug and saying, This is for Charlie!'
The hug came as congratulations because Fowler had soloed the Central Pillar of Freney, a cutting edge climb of the 1960s on France's Mont Blanc. Bonatti
had seen four fellow climbers perish during an epic attempt at the first ascent.
Neptune adds, Charlie was as good as anyone out there and could have gotten big sponsorship, but always eschewed the limelight. He chose to just go climbing.
Fowler was, in the words of Mark Wilford during a tequila-drenched session at the recent Ouray Ice Festival, a true climber's climber. Wilford, who with
Fowler and Jeff Lowe did the first ascent of Ouray's classic mixed route Bird Brain Boulevard, in 1985, added, And Charlie was a true dirtbag's dirtbag.
Charlie never really asked for anything, but you couldn't help giving him a beer, a ride or your breakfast, says Wilford. He was, let's say, as frugal
as they get.
Generous with the spirit of the thing he loved, Fowler spent considerable energy volunteering for Telluride Public Schools, teaching and leading climbing
trips for high-school kids. He had a way with children.
As Johnson recalls, He was really nice and unpretentious. He could talk with anyone. He was able to get these shots of strangers from other cultures. His
shots of Tibetan kids are the best I've ever seen, and an ther not-so-well-known part of his legacy.
Never married, Fowler didn't settle down enough
to buy a house until he was 39. Pete Metcalf, CEO of Black Diamond, was once quoted as saying, He's been able to maintain the quintessential climbing-bum
lifestyle, and I say that in admiration. He's not really interested in the material things of society. Of late, Fowler still put climbing at a premium
with a dizzying array of major trips, several per year, to Patagonia, Tibet, Nepal, China and Argentina.
Says John McCall, the orthopedic surgeon from Ontario who knew Fowler for over two decades, Even by the time I'd met him, Charlie had climbed so much that
his hands were permanently fixed in a semi-gripping mode, the ultimate climbing tools.
Charlie was a bit like Peter Pan, he says. He was off having fun while the rest of us were doing what we were told was the right thing, i.e., wife, kids,
lawnmower, mortgage.
Fowler once said, I go climbing to have fun.
Since his first foray on rock, in 1968, Fowler held true to his passion, doing odd jobs and finally guiding (he was an early AMGA-certified guide), a profession
that, in his own words on his website, allowed me to travel the world and pursue my passions. His travels honed a penchant for other languages: Charlie
could get by in several. He spoke good French and a fair bit of Chinese, a perplexing language for the Western tongue.
Wiry, perpetually honed and inscrutable even to his climbing partners, the twangy-voiced Fowler was a notorious bachelor, who had many girlfriends over
the years but never seemed to make a relationship stick. That changed after he climbed Shishapangma with Boskoff in 2001.
I could see that Charlie was in love for the first time in his life, says McCall.
Johnson agrees. It was really apparent that he and Chris loved each other. She was probably the most formidable woman Charlie had ever met, and she loved
climbing as much as Charlie did.
On December 11 the alarm bells started ringing. On that day, Mountain Madness president Mark Gunlogson confirmed that the pair was not on their scheduled
flight back to the United States. The next day the FBSC was formed and by the 14th, search leaders had a team in Litang, a frontier town with a strong
Tibetan flavor.
It was in Litang that the last confirmed sighting of Fowler and Boskoff took place and from which a November 8 e-mail to the U.S. had originated.
Among the factors creating many possibilities were unconfirmed sightings reported for mid-November, rumors of a car accident involving foreigners, and
the report of two New Zealanders robbed at knifepoint in October.
By December 19 the FBSC was making concerted efforts to create political support for the search by raising awareness at high levels within China. Letters
were sent from Colorado Senator Ken Salazar and Washington Governor Christine Gregoire to recipients all the way up to the Chief of Staff of the Chinese
Premier. A reward was offered in the amount of 30,000 RMB ($4,000). By all accounts, the Chinese were very cooperative with the search efforts despite
the fact that the American pair was peak-poaching (they had no permit). Genyen was not available for a climbing permit from the official Sichuan Mountaineering
Though there has been no official criticism leveled at them by the Chinese government, we can assume that the undercover-peak-bagging era is effectively
over in Sichuan.
By this time the mystery of the pair's disappearance became daily fodder for the news services. In what the low-key Fowler would have found amusing, Boskoff
was referred to as a top female climber, with Fowler merely billed as a U.S. photographer, or at best, a well-known climber. For the most part the
news stories helped in shining a national and international spotlight on the search, though it was awkward timing that on the day political support
was being sought, CNN ran a story titled, China: Hopes dim for U.S. climbers.
Though a last note, signed by Boskoff and Fowler at a local restaurant, was discovered dated November 8, it was finding the pair's excess luggage in Litang
that provided the first clear indication of their whereabouts. The most recent entry in Boskoff's diary revealed that the two planned to attempt Genyen
At 6,204 meters high, the symmetrical, dominating Genyen warrants the status of holy mountain to the local Buddhists.
Despite the obvious trespass on the sacred mountain, the monks at the 600-year-old Genyen monastery were not hostile to the rescue teams. On December 26,
the monks confirmed Fowler and Boskoff's passage through the monastery on November 12. The pair had told the monks that they would come through again
in four days' time, but the monks never saw them again. In the early afternoon of December 27, at a point three hours above the monastery, an unnamed
Chinese member of the search team spotted Fowler's body.
Fowler, the ultimate soul-climber and undercover badass, once said in an interview, I like the possibility of walking off the map.
Fowler's life was the dream followed through to a logical end. If he was looking down from the next plane, his only regret might be that he'll never climb
After the recent spate of deaths in the climbing community, Charlie confided in me that he didn't want to die climbing, says Steve Johnson. That was because,
as he told me, he never wanted to stop climbing.
It was written of Fowler in 1993 that, Derek Hersey's recent death doesn't seem to bother him from a personal point of view, only to sadden him. Fowler
was quoted as saying of Hersey simply, There are no more [experiences] for him.
Said Fowler's sister Ginny Hicks at a memorial celebration of the pair's life in Telluride, He would not have changed anything about his life. The only
thing he would have changed was that he would come home with Christine.


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Dow ends above 14,000 for 1st time since Oct. 2007
The Dow closed above 14,000 on Friday for the first time in more than five years.
It was just a number on a board, but it was enough to raise the hopes of some investors and cause others concern about an overheated market. And it brought reminders of a different era, back before the financial crisis rocked the world economy.
The Dow Jones industrial average, a stock market index that is traditionally considered a benchmark for how the entire market is faring, had been rising fairly steadily for about a month. On Friday, strong auto sales and optimism about U.S. job growth pushed it over the mark. The Dow is now just 155 points away from its record close.
"There's a newfound enthusiasm for the equity market," said Jim Russell, regional investment director at U.S. Bank Wealth Management in Minneapolis.
But market watchers were divided over what the Dow milestone — or even what a potential new all-time high — really means. To some, it's an important booster to hearts and minds, making investors feel optimistic and thus more willing to bet on the market.
"The Dow touching 14,000, it matters psychologically," said Peter Cardillo, chief market economist at Rockwell Global Capital in New York. "It attracts smaller investors."
And those investors, until recently, had been shying away from stocks. Since April 2011, investors have pulled more cash out of U.S. stock mutual funds than they've put in, according to the Investment Company Institute. In the past three weeks, though, that trend has reversed, which could make January the first month in nearly two years where stock-focused funds had a net inflow.
To others, though, Dow 14,000 is nothing but a number, a sign more of how traders feel than of the economy. And it's not even the best number on the board, some traders say. Professional investors usually pay more heed to the Standard & Poor's main index, which tracks 500 companies compared to the Dow's 30. The Dow garners attention, they say, because it's more familiar to the general public.
Joe Gordon, managing partner at Gordon Asset Management in North Carolina, wasn't celebrating Friday. He thinks the gains won't last. The fact that small investors are finally piling back in the stock market, he said, is not a reason for optimism but a sign that it's getting overhyped and due to fall.
After the Dow hit its all-time record in 2007, it fell almost steadily for the next year and a half. It lost more than half its value before starting to tick back up again.
"It is good trivia to talk about on television and the radio," Gordon said, referring to the 14,000 mark. "It's meaningless to the average professional." And for workers still unemployed by the financial crisis, he said, "it really means nothing to them."
If there is dissent over what Dow 14,000 signifies, what's undeniable is that it's a rarefied event. Before Friday, the Dow had closed above 14,000 just nine times in its history. The first time was in July 2007; the rest were in October of that year.
The last time the Dow closed that mark was Oct. 12, 2007, when it settled at 14,093.08. It had reached its all-time record, 14,164.53, three days before that.
For the average investor, that was all back when the stock market still seemed like a party. Housing prices were starting to ebb but hadn't cratered. Jobs were abundant, with unemployment at 4.7 percent — compared to 7.9 percent now. Lehman Brothers still existed. So did Bear Stearns, Wachovia and Washington Mutual.
The Dow ended Friday 149.21 points higher to 14,009.79. The other indexes were also up. The S&P 500 rose 15.06 to 1,513.17. The Nasdaq composite index was up 36.97 to 3,179.10.
Auto sales helped. Toyota, Ford, GM and Chrysler all reported double-digit gains for January.
The government jobs report that pushed stocks forward was mixed, but traders chose to focus on the positive. The U.S. said it added 157,000 jobs in January, which was in line with expectations. Unemployment inched up to 7.9 percent from 7.8 percent in December. Many economists, though, were encouraged because the government now says that hiring over the past year was higher than originally thought.
The jobs number is based on a survey of employers. The unemployment rate is based on a separate survey of households, which is why they can diverge.
Among stocks making big moves:
• Drugmaker Merck fell more than 3 percent, down $1.42 to $41.83. Its fourth-quarter profit suffered because of competition from generic medicines against its blockbuster allergy drug Singulair.
• Insurance company MetLife rose more than 2 percent, up 86 cents to $38.20, after saying it plans to buy the largest private pension fund administrator in Chile.
• Zoetis, an animal health business that Pfizer just spun off, made its debut on the stock market. It shot up 19 percent, rising $5.01 to $31.01.
AP business writer Matthew Craft contributed to this report.

subset: commoncrawl


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Senate Judiciary Committee Says Greater E-Mail Privacy Won't Hinder Law Enforcement
RICHARD LARDNER, Associated Press
WASHINGTON (AP) — Over objections from law enforcement officials, the Senate Judiciary Committee has approved legislation that would require police to obtain a search warrant from a judge before they can review a person's emails or other electronic communications.
The bill passed Thursday makes it slightly more difficult for the government to access the content of a consumer's emails and private files from Google, Yahoo, Facebook and other Internet providers. Under the current law, the 1986 Electronic Communications Privacy Act, a warrant is needed only for emails less than 6 months old.
The committee chairman and the bill's sponsor, Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., said digital files on a computer should have the same safeguards as paper files stored in a home. Americans "face even greater threats to their digital privacy, as we witness the explosion of new technologies and the expansion of the government's surveillance powers," Leahy said during the committee's vote.
The full Senate, which is in a lame-duck session, is not expected to vote on the legislation until it reconvenes early next year. The Republican-led House Judiciary Committee hasn't yet voted on a similar bill introduced by Democrats.
Passage of the bill comes just a few weeks after the stunning resignation of David Petraeus as the head of the CIA over an extramarital affair with his biographer, Paula Broadwell. The case focused the public's attention on how easy it is for federal agents to access people's email accounts.
Privacy advocates and civil liberties groups applauded the committee's action, saying the law is outdated in an era of cloud computing, cheaper electronic storage, social networking and wireless phones. Such advances in technology have dramatically increased the amount of stored communications in ways no one anticipated a quarter of a century ago.
"We are very happy that the committee voted that all electronic content like emails, photos and other communications held by companies like Google and Facebook should be protected with a search warrant," said Chris Calabrese, legislative counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union.
The Justice Department and other law enforcement groups had resisted changes to the law. The associate deputy attorney general, James Baker, urged the committee last year to consider the adverse impact on criminal and national security investigations if a warrant were the only means for law enforcement officials to obtain emails and other digital files.
Petraeus stepped down earlier this month after FBI agents examined messages between him and Broadwell. The FBI obtained a court order, signed by a judge, to read the contents of Broadwell's email account before she was notified she was under investigation. Investigators also used grand jury subpoenas to obtain information about other electronic communications related to threatening messages she is accused of sending to a Tampa socialite.
Sen. Charles Grassley, the committee's top Republican, complained that the bill was rushed through the committee without a rigorous debate over its impact. The bill could hamper investigations by civil agencies, such as the Securities and Exchange Commission, that are charged with protecting consumers against fraud, he said.
But setting the bar higher doesn't prevent law enforcement agencies from doing their jobs, according to current and former prosecutors, judges and attorneys who specialize in privacy issues. Federal law enforcement authorities in four Midwestern and Southern states have been working with the more demanding warrant requirement since 2010 after an appeals court ruled warrantless access to emails was unconstitutional. To get a warrant, a judge must have proof of probable cause that a crime is being committed.
"I don't see anything (in the Senate bill) that's going to seriously concern law enforcement in terms of our ability to request warrants and to get the contents of the material that we need," said Joseph Cassilly, the state's attorney in Harford County, Md., and a former president of the National District Attorneys Association. "Since you've already got to get warrants for the stuff that's less than 180 days, it's obviously not an insurmountable standard."
Nor does the legislation weaken other methods used by law enforcement for collecting electronic information. A subpoena signed by a federal prosecutor — not a judge — will continue to be sufficient for obtaining routing data from third-party Internet providers that can identify the sender of an email and the location where the message was sent.
Police also can use a judicial order to get the "to" and "from" addresses of an email, but not the contents. These orders must be issued by a judge, but the agency seeking one need only show there is reasonable suspicion of a crime — a lower legal standard than probable cause.
In a Nov. 21 letter to Leahy, 30 former federal and state prosecutors and judges said the bill would provide "a much needed judicial check on when the government can access our private digital information." Concerns that the bill would keep law enforcement from acting quickly during emergencies are unfounded, they added, because the Senate bill does not change a provision in the existing law that compels third-party providers to give the government information in situations where lives are at risk or children are being exploited or abused.
Digital Due Process, a wide-ranging coalition that includes Google, Microsoft and Twitter, as well as the American Civil Liberties Union and Grover Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform, has mounted a public relations campaign supporting the Senate bill. The coalition says updating the law will clear the "murky legal landscape" for companies and consumers alike and provide the proper safeguards for the vast amounts of information stored in server farms.
There's money at stake, too. The global market for cloud computing via the Internet is estimated to be $240 billion by 2020. But the Business Software Alliance, a coalition member that represents Apple, Intel and Microsoft, said U.S. cloud providers are at a disadvantage unless online privacy and security laws are changed. If consumers aren't sure their information is being properly protected by U.S. firms on the remote, networked computer servers that make up the cloud, they'll take their business elsewhere.
Online: Digital Due Process: http://tinyurl.com/yce79za
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press.


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Anatomy of the Prostate Gland
Facts about the prostate gland
The prostate gland is about the size of a walnut and surrounds the neck of a man's bladder and urethra--the tube that carries urine from the bladder. It is partly muscular and partly glandular, with ducts opening into the prostatic portion of the urethra. It is made up of three lobes: a center lobe with one lobe on each side.
Function of the prostate gland
As part of the male reproductive system, the prostate gland's primary function is to secrete a slightly alkaline fluid that forms part of the seminal fluid, a fluid that carries sperm. During male climax (orgasm), the muscular glands of the prostate help to propel the prostate fluid, in addition to sperm that was produced in the testicles, into the urethra. The semen then leaves the body out through the tip of the penis during ejaculation.


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Packzia always uses high-quality packing materials and innovative techniques in the overall moving process. Packzia has perfect home shifting service in Hyderabad to Madurai and car and bike transportation services and delivers outstanding office shifting and domestic relocation services in Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai.
Our Partner provides the best free quotation at your doorstep. We are the best in Logistics service & Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai, Office and Home Shifting, Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai, Household Shifting, Movers and Packers, Transportation Service Hyderabad to Madurai.
Packzia Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai commitment to Shifting: Packzia has many verified packers and movers to serve Shifting Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai. To offer the best services to our customers, we only partner with verified packers & movers Hyderabad to Madurai with their local offices in the exact location. It helps us to offer you the best and most personalized relocation experience.
Many moving companies or agencies in India offer hassle-free shifting and relocation services Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai. But finding out the suitable, reliable, economical, and truly professional moving and Packing. It should be considered how to choose the right one to make shifting hassle-free. So, before going with any movers in India, you must do some research to find out the right moving service provider. We provide some tips and guidelines to help you find the right moving agency for your home shifting process.
Let's have a look at some most useful tips for shifting Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai.
1. Make a list of Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai Companies - Make a list of the best Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai. Ask your friends, co-workers, relatives, co-workers, and neighbors to list moving & packing companies. You can also make a list with Google and other search engines.
2. Get Estimates Quote Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai- After making a list of several reputed moving companies get estimates from them. Most of all, Indian moving and packing companies offer free estimates or quotes. Get estimates from 3 or 4 Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai. Do not get estimates over the Mobile if the material is 2 or 3 BHK. So either you visit company offices or call their executive at your home survey. How can one give you estimates or Prices for goods to be transported without seeing your goods' locations and size & amount?
3. Compare Shifting Estimates Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai - After getting estimates & cost planning from different moving companies, now it is time to compare and do you're real Shifting research work. Compare their Shifting appraisals, costs, and prices. Also compare their services with another Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai charges.
4. Ask about Company Details Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai - Ask about the company which services you will hire. Ask about the quality of its services. Ask about experiences of the company in the fields of relocation and Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai. Ask about the license and registration of the Moving Company. Remember, always best company will be glad to tell you about their work experiences and details.
5. Discuss & Ask Discounts- Discuss additional discounts after shifting quotes for Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai. Ask about any hidden prices, costs & extra charges. Ask about payment of method. Ask for insurance facilities. Ask for warehousing & storage facilities. In general, take them into question.
Shifting to new house can be exciting & hectic. The most excellent method to control your emotions is to ensure that your shift is as organized as possible. There are a few things you can do to make sure that your moving day (the day of your home household goods shifting) goes easily and comparatively comfortably.
Get organized Shifting Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai
1. Collect all of the shifting estimates you will think of from professional Moving companies for Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai and place them in a file.
2. Begin separate files for all of the paperwork you will collect, together with the final agreement with the Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai and any formalities linked with your new residence.
3. If your company is disbursing for your home move, set up a new separate file for all of your moving receipts so that you can obtain reimbursement accurately.
4. Make inventory for items checklists for all rooms to know what will be packed and what you can expect to demonstrate in the new home.
5. Try to maintain your move as organized as possible by labeling boxes so that you are familiar with what they have in them. For instance, write "Fragile products" on every box with fragile or breakable items. Write "Kitchen material" on packages that contain kitchen items or goods. In this way, customers will quickly get on unpacking at your residence.
6. Decide what household items will not be going with you on your move at least four weeks well in advance.
7. Have a garage sale and earn some money for the items you are not carrying. This will help you cut the cost of your move Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai .
8. Contribute the items that do not sell to a charitable organization.
9. Make a database for your household goods and belongings to keep track of the ones you turn off in the old residence and once you turn on in the new home.
Keep Valuable and Important Things with you.
10. Take your time to ensure that you hire an experienced moving company Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai with a good reputation in relocation and transportation. For example, if you live in Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai, hire one of the best Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai only.
11. Even with the most reputable removal company, remember that things can go wrong, and belongings can get lost or mishandled. So, please keep all your valuable and most important things with you instead of putting them on the moving trucks & Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai costs.
12. Keep all your necessary documentation and paperwork and valuable things like jewelry with you only. Never put them on the moving truck. Remember, useful and important things should go with you only on your trip to the new residence, even if it's only across town or within the city.
Cost Heads →
Size of Home ↓
|Labor Charge
|Packing Cost
|Transport Cost
|Approx. Moving Cost
|Rs 1,200 – 2,500
|2 Men
|Rs 1,200 – 3,500
|Rs 1,200 – 3,500
|Rs 3,500 – 9,000
|Rs 1,800 – 3,500
|4 Men
|Rs 1,800 – 5,500
|Rs 1,800 – 4,000
|Rs 4,800 – 13,000
|Rs 2,000 – 4,500
|6 Men
|Rs 2,000 – 7,500
|Rs 3,300 – 6,000
|Rs 6,000 – 18,000
|4 or 5 BHK
|Rs 2,400 – 6,000
|8 Men
|Rs 2,400 – 9,000
|Rs 4,500 – 10,000
|Rs 8,500 – 25,000
|Villa / Bungalow
|Rs 3,500 – 7,000
|8-10 Men
|Rs 3,500 – 11,000
|Rs 6,000 – 12,000
|Rs 12,000 – 30,000
Distance →
Size of Home ↓
|100 - 400 Km
|400 – 600 Km
|600 – 1000 Km
|1000 – 1500 Km
|1500 – 2000 Km
|2000 – 2700 Km
|Rs 12,000 – 24,000
|Rs 15,000 – 23,000
|Rs 18,000 – 24,000
|Rs 20,000 – 25,000
|Rs 24,000 – 28,000
|Rs 25,000 – 35,000
|Rs 15,000 – 27,000
|Rs 18,000 – 30,000
|Rs 20,000 – 33,000
|Rs 23,000 – 37,000
|Rs 25,000 – 40,000
|Rs 30,000 – 45,000
|Rs 18,000 – 30,000
|Rs 21,000 – 35,000
|Rs 24,000 – 38,000
|Rs 28,000 – 42,000
|Rs 32,000 – 48,000
|Rs 35,000 – 55,000
The service of Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai is always the best aid we can get in moving and shifting things. The moving company best knowledge about every requirement of the shifting. There are many items that one needs to take care of when relocating. Whether it's the packing task or one is concerned with loading or unloading the goods, having the best professionals in everything is always required. Moving with a few goods like one or two suitcases is not as tricky as planning for a shift with the complete items you possess at your home. Household moving is a challenging task. There are fragile items or materials in the kitchen, electronics in the living area, and soft goods in the bedroom.
Packing all at a time and that too decently is something challenging. It would help if you were an expert in everything, whether it's the fragile of the house or oversized furniture. If you are at a DIY of shifting, you need adequate knowledge about everything. Packing is the most complex process of relocation. If the things are packed decently, only it will reach their destination safely. There are so many complications in shifting; hence it is always better to go with movers and packers Pune in the same.
The professionals are well equipped and possess adequate Packing and moving knowledge. If movers assist you in shifting, then the chances of damages and loss go down drastically compared to DIY. But for efficient shifting, you need to hire professionally competent packers and movers. There are many ways to approach the right packers and movers. Take the references from your friends, neighbors, or colleagues if they have ever taken the moving company's services. Going online to search for favorable options nearby is also a great idea. Other than this the advertisements and classifieds column of your newspaper will also help you. So collecting relevant information from your nearby area and references from your acquaintances plus your research work would aid you in meeting the best service provider for shifting your goods.
Shifting home material to a new destination is challenging, chaotic, annoying, and bothering. It can even be stressful and can make you distressed. There are lots of works associated with it you have to do. You have to pack your household goods. You have to arrange vehicles for transportation of goods to the new destination. You have to load, and when you reach a new destination, you also have to unload. You also have to unpack and rearrange your household goods at your new destination. But you can make it more accessible and uncomplicated. You can make it as more manageable as you need.
You should not hire any company that is a new startup. A New company will hardly know how to move items or things properly. The staff might damage your belongings when shifting the same. Therefore, hiring an experienced packer and mover company is a wise decision.
Read the customer reviews before hiring a company to do your shifting work. If you find a company with too many negative reviews, you better avoid dealing with that company. My suggestion is to choose a company with many excellent or positive thoughts. You can check for reviews on the company's website and other online comment forums and platforms.
Talk to your friends and neighbors, particularly those who recently shifted to a new place. They will help you get the best and most efficient packers and movers for a trouble-free movement.
Another essential thing to consider is the rate a company is charging you. It would be best to compare the prices of different relocation services offering companies in your area to pick up the most competitive one. Moreover, if you believe, moving your goods will take only 1-2 hours then talk to the company about whether they will charge for the day or those 1-2 hours. You must hire a company that charges for only the hours they have worked.
You can share your Personal details, such as destination & origin location, moving items, moving date, and moving & service quality necessary, plus the distance.
We can provide a pre-move survey Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai to quote your shifting charges. Our professional Partner executive will estimate after physical surveys; charges depend on the items and material provided the costs or price to be calculated.
To get the deals and get a good discount and offers on charges, you can also talk of our best Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai.
You can easily compare the moving costs Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai quoted by moving companies by the reviews & ratings of Packers and Movers Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai.
You can make your last decision on the shifting services Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai if it meets your moving needs and that within your Pocket.
While planning to shift to Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai, you must be worried about how to prepare it; here are a few tips for doing the same most easily:
Begin your search for a Moving and packing firm Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai at least 12-15 days before your move, so you have enough time to review the details of the packers & movers, and you can pick the best one. It's also best to use reputable Packers to book your Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai.
Make it a point to bring all of your daily requirements in a separate over nigher with you for the first few days. Clothing, medications, children's goods, toiletries, towels, clean bedding, cleaning supplies, and so on should all be packed.
Before shifting, go to the new home and give it a thorough cleaning to remove dirt, filth, and bacteria. Check the condition of the faucets, electrical sockets, and plumbing, among other things, and make any necessary repairs before the Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai start the shifting process.
Our working process is straight forward. In the first step, After receiving your Quote requirement, we will send Quote best 3 Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai. our Partner company executives to pay a visit to your Address. After the proper survey, we will best quote you a price for the whole process of Relocation or Shifting. We are engaged in packing and loading all your items safely in the truck & Container and also unloading them at the destination.
While hiring any Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai take care of the ISO Certified . Always take care that you do insurance of your Shifting and vehicle from packers and movers.
Packzia Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai always give priority to the safety of your belongings. Local Relocation within the 100 Km It can be completed within a Same day or take 8-14 hours depending on the number of items and the floor's number in the Building. For long-distance relocation that outside city movement depends upon the distance between the two cities, the number of items and goods, transport availability, and some other factors usually take from 3-10 days
Yes, our team member carries the quality packing stuff and wrap everything in multiple layers to ensure all the items withstand the shift. With our moving services, you don't have to worry about anything!
Cost of the shifting or relocation totally depends on the vehicle you want to shift depend from where to where you want to move. We provide you the best Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Madurai and you can negotiate with them for charges.
Copyright 2022 Packzia


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Girls Size 14 Girls Blue sequin hearts Outfit
- Blue / 14 Girls
is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock.
Shop our main location in the Farragut community of Knoxville, TN, online, and through our FaceBook Live sales!
Sign up for exclusive offers, sales events and more.


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Situationist Contributor Dan Kahan and his co-authors David Hoffman and Donald Braman, have an important and fascinating new paper available on SSRN (and forthcoming in Volume 122 of The Harvard Law Review): "Whose Eyes are You Going to Believe? Scott v. Harris and the Perils of Cognitive Illiberalism." We've posted the abstract below:
This paper accepts the unusual invitation to see for yourself issued by the Supreme Court in Scott v. Harris, 127 S. Ct. 1769 (2007). Scott held that a police officer did not violate the Fourth Amendment when he deliberately rammed his car into that of a fleeing motorist who refused to pull over for speeding and instead attempted to evade the police in a high-speed chase. The majority did not attempt to rebut the arguments of the single Justice who disagreed with its conclusion that no reasonable juror could find the fleeing driver did not pose a deadly risk to the public. Instead, the Court uploaded to its website a video of the chase [see six-minute video below], filmed from inside the pursuing police cruisers, and invited members of the public to make up their own minds after viewing it. We showed the video to a diverse sample of 1,350 Americans. Overall a majority agreed with the Court's resolution of the key issues, but within the sample there were sharp differences of opinion along cultural, ideological, and other lines. We attribute these divisions to the psychological disposition of individuals to resolve disputed facts in a manner supportive of their group identities. The paper also addresses the normative significance of these findings. The result in the case, we argue, might be defensible, but the Court's reasoning was not. Its insistence that there was only one reasonable view of facts itself displayed a characteristic of a form of bias – cognitive illiberalism – that consists in the failure to recognize the connection between perceptions of societal risk and contested visions of the ideal society. When courts fail to take steps to counteract that bias, they needlessly invest the law with culturally partisan overtones that detract from the law's legitimacy.
For some first-rate blogging about this paper, click here (Kahan) here (Braman) and here (Hoffman). To review previous Situationist posts discussing cultural cognition, click here.


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The new vehicle inventory at Cuero Dodge Chrysler Jeep Ram in Cuero, TX is constantly evolving to include the latest and most desirable Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep brand vehicles.
If we do not currently stock your desired vehicle, simply fill out the CarFinder form and we'll notify you when matching inventory arrives. Be sure to check out the Featured Vehicles selection, as well as our New Vehicle Specials for the latest money-saving deals!


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Blizzard just trademarked "Warlords of Draenor" in New Zealand. It was then registered in Australia shortly after.
- Computer game software, computer game discs, downloadable computer game software, computer game software downloadable from a global computer network, interactive multimedia computer game program; downloadable electronic game software for use on portable electronic devices such as mobile and cellular phones, laptops, handheld computers, and tablet PCs.
- Entertainment services, namely, providing on-line computer games; providing on-line non-downloadable computer games that may be accessed via a global computer network; providing online news and information in the field of computer games.
It's also worth mentioning that warlordsofdraenor.com was registered a month ago.
I do realize that we had a lot of fun times with trademarks in the past (*cough* Dark Below *cough*) but let's just say that on a personal level I'm pretty confident about this one. I'll leave the speculation up to you guys until Blizzcon.


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Subgroup Comparisons (2010-2014):
The display allows you to see the comparison of test results between various student groups. Learn More
Achievement gaps are evident when one group of students outperforms another group and the average scores indicate a significant difference between the groups that persists over time. When a subgroup has fewer than 10 students, the comparison data is not shown. This is done to protect student privacy.
Schools and districts that are narrowing achievement gaps share four key characteristics:
Focus – clear and consistent goals, strategies, and leadership
Rigorous curriculum – clearly defined, high expectations for student learning
High quality teaching
Necessary and frequent interventions to improve students' learning


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Shanah Tovah! Best wishes for a happy Rosh Hashanah and a sweet new year. We're getting this new year off to a tasty start, with a gluten-free version of traditional Jewish apple cake.
My mother is famous for her Jewish apple cake, laced with apples that she plucks from the trees in her back yard. I've always wondered, though, what makes the apple cake "Jewish." Really, I didn't know that cakes could have a religion. The answer seems to be that the cake is made with vegetable oil and orange juice, instead of butter and milk, thus making it pareve (neither dairy nor meat). Apple cake is also a favorite dessert for Rosh Hashanah, when we eat apples dipped in honey to symbolize hopes for a sweet new year.
Mom's recipe worked surprisingly well in its gluten-free version. I substituted gluten-free flours, added xanthan gum (a binder for GF baking) and left the rest of the recipe intact. The cake is moist and bursts with the flavors of apples and cinnamon.
Jewish Apple Cake, Gluten-Free
(gluten-free, pareve, dairy-free)
By Gluten-Free Nosh
printable recipe
- 2 1/3 cups brown rice flour
- 1/3 cup potato starch
- 1/3 cup tapioca starch
- 1 ½ teaspoons xanthan gum
- 1 tablespoon baking powder
- 2 cups sugar
- 1 tablespoon ground cinnamon
- 5 large apples, peeled and sliced thin
- 4 eggs
- 1 cup vegetable oil
- 1/4 cup fresh-squeezed orange juice
- 2 ½ teaspoons pure vanilla extract
- Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Spray 10-inch tube pan or bundt pan with cooking oil spray (make sure spray does not contain flour).
- In a large bowl, gently whisk together the brown rice flour, potato starch, tapioca starch, xanthan gum and baking powder. Set aside.
- Remove 5 tablespoons of sugar (from 2 cups) and mix the 5 tablespoons of sugar with the cinnamon. Sprinkle cinnamon-sugar mixture on sliced apples, coating them well.
- In a mixer, beat eggs and the remainder of the sugar for 5 minutes. Add vegetable oil, orange juice and vanilla and beat well. Slowly beat in flour mixture.
- In the prepared tube or bundt pan, pour one-third of the batter, then one-half of the apples. Pour another third of the batter, smoothing the batter so it settles around the apples. Add the rest of the apples and a last layer of batter, smoothing the batter again.
- Bake for 60 to 75 minutes, or until the cake looks golden brown and a knife inserted into the center of the cake comes out clean. Let cake cool completely in the pan for at least 1 hour. Run a spatula around the edges to loosen the cake before inverting it onto a plate.
Yield: 12 servings


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You will earn 4.8 WayPoints for each product that you purchase.
Fast Tracks now produces all Mt. Albert Scale Lumber products! Same exceptional quality, now available online.
Mt. Albert scale stripwood is produced from the highest quality basswood available. Cut to consistent dimensions, with a tolerance of +/- .003" (less than the thickness of a sheet of paper) this material is ideally suited for all types of scratch building projects.
Our method of cutting basswood produces clean, fuzz-free wood strips that are ready to use. We use the finest raw materials available, free of knots and discoloration.
These HO scale, 8"x16" strips are sold in a package of 6, 16" (406 mm) long pieces.
Each strip is 116 HO scale feet long (35.4 HO scale meters). This package contains 696 HO scale feet of material (212.1 HO scale meters).
NOTE: This product was sold under the part number MA136P12 (12" strips) or MA136P24 (24" strips) in the Mt. Albert Scale Lumber catalog. The Fast Tracks part number for this product is now ST-HO-8x16-16.
All 12" and 24" lengths have been replaced with 16" (406 mm) lengths.
In addition to an extensive Q&A section, we also offer a full library of track building documents.
Visit our growing collection of track building demonstration videos.


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Even though LACMA's Chinese galleries have yet to be reinstalled, last month more than 150 students explored one of the department's objects—Funerary Sculpture of a Bactrian Camel—through our distance learning program, which provides real-time, interactive videoconferences to kindergarten through twelfth-grade classrooms nationwide on topics drawn from various areas of the museum's collection. Subsequently, I too found myself drawn to this popular mingqi (clay replicas of a person, animal, or other object that were made to go in the tomb of the deceased).
The camel was an import into China from the ancient kingdom of Bactria in present-day Afghanistan, a result of trade on the Silk Road. Able to store fat in two humps, thus needing less drinking water for long periods of time, the camel was the "fuel-efficient" mode of transport for its day. Changes in the camel's behavior, possibly seen in the way the Bactrian Camel has its head thrown back and mouth wide open, were indicative of approaching sandstorms. These camels—strong and gentle—were invaluable for trading goods, some of which we can see packed on the back of the Bactrian Camel.
The distance learning students, who were all studying Mandarin, were engaged by the molded and modeled representation with its strong naturalism, lively pose, and fully packed saddle. High school art students from upstate New York creating their own ceramic vessels found inspiration in the colorful green, brown, and yellow color combination. Placed in a tomb, the Bactrian Camel provided the deceased—in this case a person of wealth and status—with luxury travel in the afterlife.
We looked at examples of other mingqi in comparison to the camel, including the very different Funerary Sculpture of a Chimera (Bixie) and the very similar Funerary Sculpture of a Horse. But the camel, with all its fine detail, won the day. In the context of my virtual and sometimes surreal experience of videoconferencing, it quietly calls out for me its own contemporary narrative about cultural exchange and globalization.
Toni Guglielmo, Education Coordinator, Distance Learning


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Notes: Some vehicles come with several engine size choices and could be very confusing. Please make sure to read the engine description below and in particular match the engine size, fitting notes and the engine VIN digit with your vehicle's motor specifications. To buy a particular engine, you may buy it online or call our sales center at 1-800-378-7566 FREE with the stock number. We will not process your order before verifying with you the engine information!
Please fill out the form below and one of our sales reps will get back with you shortly with the information you need. You can also contact us with any questions or place your order via the phone at 866-612-9798


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The Trade Policy Training Centre in Africa (TRAPCA) was established in 2006 as a joint initiative of the Eastern and Southern Africa Management Institute (ESAMI) and Lund University of Sweden, with funding from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA).
The Centre is hosted at the ESAMI headquarters in Arusha, Tanzania.
The aim of Round Table Africa is to dig deeper by focusing on the challenges of local industries acting within international contexts.
The single one issue development scholars do agree upon is the lack of entrepreneurship and actual investments in potentially successful value chains, in developing countries.
In order to create a conducive and enabling environment for sustainable economic development, value chain analyses in a comparative, either cross-country or cross-industries, setting should generate the knowledge required to steer the economy.


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The hacking cough was worse than a clock striking at the top of every hour. My 2-year-old, Carolyn, had picked up a nasty cold virus. Her cough had steadily worsened for two weeks. All the while, her doctor assured us that it wasn't serious unless it lasted three weeks. Not serious? That's easy for a doctor to say when it's the parents trying to soothe a sick child who is too young for cough medicine and too disturbed to sleep. Night after night, I pulled every home remedy out of the bag of tricks. A humidifier practically turned Carolyn's room into a rain forest. We slept propped up in a steamy bathroom. I even tried coaxing her into drinking herbal tea – which is how I ended up with a crying, coughing toddler. Traditional medicine doesn't always work for colds and stomach bugs in children. In the case of coughs, the
American Academy of Pediatrics
advises against giving children younger than 6 any cough medicine, because it doesn't work and can be unsafe. Instead, we look to other parents who have traveled this road countless times for advice that will see us sanely through each cold and flu season. In my case, the answer came from a parent at Carolyn's preschool: 1 teaspoon of slightly warmed buckwheat honey. 'My throat hurt no more,' Carolyn said that first night, within minutes of swallowing the honey. Ten minutes later, she was fast asleep. (Note: Honey is not recommended for children younger than 1.) As we head deeper into cold and flu season, we asked parents to share their own home-remedy success stories. My son had terrible stomachaches until he was 8. He curled up in a ball on his bed and would cry because it hurt. Such a hard thing to watch as a mom. He was in too much pain to drink water, so he would go for hours without drinking anything, and dehydration made the aching worse. What worked for me was a little of what I call 'fire and ice.' I put a heating pad (on the low setting) on his stomach. That helped the aches feel less intense. I also gave him bits of crushed ice to suck on, so he wouldn't get dehydrated. Usually, that helped him fall asleep, and an hour or so later, he'd wake up as good as new. – Robyn Mitchell, San Jose A cool-mist humidifier is great in the winter. The air gets really dry, and I found with all three of my boys (they're in elementary school now) that they got really congested in the winter. Congestion is why they coughed a lot. Winter is when we run the heater the most, too. I'd run the humidifier when they slept at night and propped up their pillows. That seemed to help them breathe better. – Amy Vasquez, Martinez Saline drops are the only way I got through the winter my daughter was born. Poor baby always had a stuffy nose. The first few months, I used a bulb syringe to clear her nose, too, but by the time she was 6 months, she fussed when I used the syringe. The drops seemed to do the trick on their own. – Ann Whetters, Fremont I have six kids who all seem to get the stomach flu at least once a year. The thing that works best to calm the nausea is real ginger ale. Not the fake stuff – you have to read the label to be sure it's not just ginger flavor. You can find fresh ginger ale at Whole Foods, and there are tons of recipes online to make your own. I like it fresh because then I know my kids are getting real ginger. That and dry toast gets them through the rough spots. – Marie Adams, San Jose


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Clear your calendars on Wednesday, January 11th 2012 because it's time to dance! DJ Spooky is throwing a party at W.i.P. (work in progress) and asked the People's Library to come set up a mobile unit so you can take a book or leave a book while you dance. Finally, libraries and nightclubs getting together! 2012 really is the year! For those of you unfamiliar with the acclaimed DJ – DJ Spooky, aka That Subliminal Kid, is a Washington DC-born electronic and experimental hip hop musician whose work is often called by critics or his fans as "illbient" or "trip hop". He is a turntablist, a producer, a philosopher, and an author. He borrowed his stage name from the character The Subliminal Kid in the novel Nova Express by William S. Burroughs.
The event will also celebrate the launch of a new magazine, Origin Magazine.
W.i.P. (Work in Progress) is located just around the corner from the nightclub Vandam, in the basement. It's at 34 Vandam St New York, NY 10013 in Soho. It's a cool, new space. And will be a fun night!
Here's a link to a google map.
Doors at 10pm. Free.


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There are plenty of ways for you to stay involved and to take action. Check out some of the many events we have going on throughout the year. Share with your friends and family, and help us protect and restore the Bay!
Have you volunteered with us lately? Update your hours volunteered HERE!
Captains please report your notes here.
"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn." -Benjamin Franklin
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Shipping & Returns
Firetech Welding Supplies is proud to offer free delivery on all orders to UK Mainland addresses for orders over the value of £50. For non UK mainland addresses your delivery charge will be calculated at checkout. Carriage to highlands & islands is at an additional cost which is POA depending on the item.
Your delivery method is chosen based on the value of your total order. Orders will be shipped via Royal Mail, UPS, DHL and DPD.
We aim to dispatch all orders within 2 working days, we do also offer direct delivery from some of our partnered manufacturers.
All UK mainland customers should expect to receive their orders no longer than 5 working days after their order is placed. If your goods have not been received after 6 working days, please email email@example.com and we will investigate further. Please allow extended time for European deliveries.
Returns Policy
Mistakes happen, we're all human! You may return most new, unopened items within 14 days of delivery for a full refund. We will cover the return shipping costs ONLY if the return is a result of our error and arrange for collection at a time convenient to yourself.
It is advisable to inspect the goods prior to signing for delivery. If you can see any damage whatsoever to the packaging please sign for the goods as damaged. If this is not possible please ensure you sign for the goods unexamined to allow us to take any claims up with our delivery partners if necessary.
All tools come with a manufacturers warranty. Most of our product pages have a link to the warranty procedure for that manufacturer and we encourage you to follow the instructions on these pages which will normally direct you to the manufacturers helpline. This is normally the fastest way of getting your warranty problem resolved.
If your order has been delivered damaged, is unwanted or you've ordered the wrong item:
- All return requests need to be emailed to:
- Any damaged items should be reported within 24h of delivery.
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Muslims protest West Java congregation as it worships.
JAKARTA, Indonesia, November 19 (CDN) — More than 50 people from Islamic groups demonstrated against a church in West Java on Nov. 7, chanting for it to stop worshipping during its Sunday service, according to Muslim online news site Arrahmah.com.
The King of Glory church of the Christian Congregation of Indonesia denomination (Jemat Kristen Indonesia or JKI) was worshipping in the Graha Mulia (Planet of Glory) Multi-purpose Building in Karasak village, Astanaanyar district of Bandung City, when the protestors gathered. Chanting "Allahu akbar [God is greater]," the crowd claimed the building was not approved for worship purposes, according to another Islamic Web site, Hidayatullah.com.
Protesting members of the Karasak Muslim Citizens Communication Forum, the Islamic Congregation Front and West Java Islamic Reformation Movement (GARIS) said the church did not have permission from area residents, although church leaders said an area official had given permission since 2005.
With 100 police officers on hand to maintain order, the poster-waving crowed chanted for an hour before slowly dispersing. During the protest, Muslim Citizens Communication Forum leader Fikri Saeful said, "The citizens reject church activities in this area because there is no permission from local citizens," according Hidayatullah.com.
Fikri added that the church had reached out to area residents with free medical clinics and distribution of basic food items.
Agus Nugroho, a leader of the JKI church and an administrator of the Graha Mulia building, told Compass that the church had permission from the local area official known as a ward captain. The church submitted an application for a permit at a higher governmental level in 2005, he said. Church permit applications are often stalled in Indonesian government offices, opening the way for Muslim groups to accuse them of worshipping without official permission.
"We have been worshipping here since 2005 because we had trouble finding a place to worship," Agus said. "We do have permission from the local government for worship."
According to Agus, that permission did not have an expiration date. Moreover, he said, neither the building managers nor the church leaders have ever received a written complaint about the worship services.
"There have never been any problems between the citizens and the building managers or with the church," Agus said.
He said that there was no regulation against using a multi-purpose building for worship services.
"We managers have no objections," he added.
Anyone with objections to the use of a multi-purpose building by a church should pursue legal remedies, he said. The Graha Mulia building is also the location for the JKI Raja Kemuliaan Church.
GARIS leader Surayana Nurfatwa, however, told Compass the church his organization had received complaints from area residents, and that the church had no official permission for worship from them.
"We have received many reports from citizens who objected to these worship services," Nurfatwa said, adding that the church's continued worship would disrupt "religious harmony" and could result in conflict with the Muslim majority.
Report from Compass Direct News


text: Catalog Auction info J.O. ENDRIS JEWELERS CLOSEOUT ONLINE AUCTION (#85990) 09/28/2015 9:00 AM EDT - 10/26/2015 8:14 PM EDT CLOSED! Lot #104F. Sartorius Gottingen Antique Balance Scale Click image to enlarge PreviousNext Lot closed - Winning bid:$330 (23 bids) Ask a question J.O. ENDRIS JEWELERS CLOSEOUT ONLINE AUCTION (#85990) 09/28/2015 9:00 AM EDT - 10/26/2015 8:14 PM EDT CLOSED! Description No. 16189, 19-1/2"h, in working condition Terms and conditions ONLINE PERSONAL PROPERTY - TERMS & CONDITIONS PLEASE READ AND REVIEW THE TERMS THOROUGHLY PRIOR TO BIDDING.IF YOU HAVE NOT READ AND UNDERSTAND THESE TERMS, PLEASE DO NOT BID. BY BIDDING ON THIS AUCTION, BUYER AGREES TO ALL TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH AND ENTERS INTO A CONTRACTUAL AGREEMENT TO PURCHASE THE ITEMS(S) UNDER THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS: General Terms of the Auction: Information is subject to change. All lots are sold as is, where is, with all faults, imperfections and errors of description. Due diligence is the responsibility of the bidder/buyer. All sales are final. No credit card charge backs will be allowed. Purchases may be removed upon receipt of payment in full. Buyers assume complete responsibility for care of each purchase at time of sale. We reserve the right to refuse service to anyone. All statements made prior to the sale of any item take precedence over written material and any prior verbal statements. The auction company is not responsible for accidents, thefts, errors or omissions. 1. Catalog: Beckort Auctions, LLC has put forth every effort in preparing the catalog for this auction to provide accurate descriptions of all items. All property is sold 'as-is' and it is the bidders responsibility to determine the exact condition of each item. Printed statements or descriptions by staff are provided in good faith and are matters of opinion. Bidders are encouraged to attend the scheduled inspection. 2. Buyers Premium & Sales Tax: There is a 10% buyer's premium added to your total purchase. Please factor this into your bidding, whether in-person or online! Sales tax will be collected on the total, if applicable. 3. Registration: In order to better serve our customers, all bidders must provide their name, address, daytime phone number, and email address at which they can be contacted. This is to insure good communication between Beckort Auctions, LLC and the bidder throughout any transactions. For online bidding, we require you to register with a credit/debit card. The card information is kept confidential and is not automatically charged when you are a successful bidder. Beckort Auctions, LLC reserves the right to preclude any person from bidding if there is any question as to the persons credentials, mental fitness, etc. Bidders agree to keep their username and password confidential as they are responsible for ANY and ALL activity involving their account. If the registered bidders user name is offensive to Beckort Auctions, LLC or in their sole opinion detrimental to Bidding Activity, then Beckort Auctions, LLC reserves the right to delete the bidder from bidding or unilaterally change the username with notification to the Bidder. When using the web site you must obey any and all local state and federal laws. Violations will result in termination of web site use privileges. 4. Bidding: The auctioneer shall be the final judge in all bidding disputes and shall name a bidder as the purchaser. The auction company shall not be held responsible for any 'missed' bids. By bidding on any item, the bidder shows acceptance of the terms of the auction. Our online auctions move quickly! If you are online and interested in an item, bid quickly. 5. Payments: We accept cash, checks, Visa, MasterCard, American Express and Discover cards. If the buyer chooses to pay by credit/debit card, there will be an additional 3% buyer's premium applied. There is no additional buyer's premium if payment is made with cash or check. Any transaction necessary to collect insufficient funds will have a $25 fee imposed. If you are a successful bidder, you will receive an email detailing the date(s) and location where you may pick up your items, or have them shipped. At that time you may choose to pay for your purchase using the credit/debit card we have on file or pay by cash or check. A 3% buyer's premium is applied to all credit/debit purchases. There is no additional buyers premium if purchase is made with cash or check. After the pick-up date(s) if not contacted by the buyer to make shipping arrangements, credit/debit card will be charged. Your credit/debit card will be charged for your purchases, plus buyers premiums, any taxes and premium for charge to card. Each transaction necessary to collect insufficient funds will have a $25 fee imposed. 6. 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Virginia is a beautiful place to live in. It's quite a prosperous state of America and the level of poverty here is extremely low. Still, the situations when a person needs money urgently occur that's why people often think of how to get lending in Virginia. Using your car you can obtain title loans in Kenbridge, Virginia on quite favorable terms.
Title loans in Kenbridge Virginia are small credits where the document of your automobile transport serves as a pledge. Moreover, your previous credit experience is not important because you can get this type of credit without a credit record control. The main condition you must stick to is providing the title of your vehicle to a creditor. This type of lending is very popular in the USA and almost 2 million people use car title loans to solve their temporary monetary problems.
Your income is also not very important but what is really taken into account is the value, technical parameters, and the condition of your vehicle that is used to exchange it for title loans in Kenbridge in Virginia. In this way, a creditor tries to get guarantees that a credit you've taken will be repaid. So, if you are not sure that you will be able to pay off title loans in Kenbridge, VA, it's better to think about other methods to get money fast. You must understand that you will lose your vehicle if title loans from direct lenders won't be repaid.
It's up to you to decide whether to go to the company's office or to obtain title loans online. The mechanism of title loans in Kenbridge obtaining is simple and not time-consuming. Actually, you only need to qualify for the credit, provide all the necessary papers and get your credit. The documents you will have to provide to obtain title loans in Kenbridge, Virginia include title loan application, car documents, and your ID. If you think - "Where can I apply for title loans near me?" here is an answer. There are several ways to contact a company that will provide you with title loans in Kenbridge Virginia. First of all, you can visit the nearest company's office, contact the company by making a call, or just qualify for credit online. If your loan request is approved, give the car documents to the lender, read credit agreement and sign it.
Don't forget that all the funds you've borrowed must be returned in a while. Make sure that you will be able to cover your credit before you conclude the credit contract.
More and more people use the services of credit companies to obtain title loans in Kenbridge Virginia. Taking out the title loans in Kenbridge of Virginia you will have to know the following:
All requirements, interest rates, penalties are specified in the loan agreement. Study it carefully before you conclude it. See whether it is possible to prolong your credit in case of an inability to repay it in time. To prolongate your credit means that you will have pay interest and the lender provides you another month for covering the whole amount you've borrowed. Non-repayment of title loans in Kenbridge Virginia can lead to title credit failure. In this case, your vehicle will be confiscated by the credit provider. The credit provider has a right to put this transport facility for sale to get the borrowed sum back. So, think carefully before you file for title credits in Virginia. Try to apply other methods to get money fast. Try to borrow from your relatives, friends, or colleagues.
If you've decided to borrow the best title loans in Kenbridge, Virginia, it's recommended to find a reliable company. There are a lot of lenders providing their services on the internet. But how to choose a trustworthy firm that won't cheat? First of all, read the clients' reviews before you decide to cooperate with the company. Carefully study the necessary conditions you will have to stick to obtain title loans in Kenbridge Virginia. Study the interest rates, charges and penalties the company imposes.
These are criteria you must pay your attention to when choosing a credit company:
Remember your car's title is the most important condition for title loans in Kenbridge, VA obtaining. You also must be of legal age, have a valid driving permit or ID issued by a state, and you must permanently reside in Virginia.
Your vehicle must be in good working condition. The type and model of your car will define the amount you will get as credit. The lender will also take into account whether your car is old or new. Another important condition that defines the amount of the loan is your ability to prove that your car didn't meet with the accidents. If you meet all the company's demands, you will surely get credit.
It's not difficult to obtain title loans in Kenbridge, Virginia. The most convenient way is to apply for credit online. Using one of your favorite gadgets with a good internet connection, you will require only several minutes to qualify for credit without leaving your house. Just fill out the web form, provide all the required documents, get fast approval and conclude credit agreement. All information you provide must be valid to prevent any problems with title loans in Kenbridge Virginia obtaining.
There are a lot of advantages of using the credit companies to obtain title loans:
If you've decided to use title loans provided by credit companies, plan thoroughly how you will cover your credit. Apply the loan obtaining if you don't have other methods to get money fast. Study how title credits work before you qualify for them. Choose only a reliable company with a good reputation and positive clients' feedbacks. If you have any questions, don't feel shy to contact the company's customer support. The specialists of the customer support team will give you qualified answers. You can contact customer service via e-mail, chatbox or by making a call.
Don't take the credit if you are not sure that you will be able to pay it off. Otherwise, this can lead to your car confiscation.
Yes, you can. Your credit history is not important. The vehicle title registered to your name is the most important condition for title loans in Kenbridge in Virginia obtaining. The working condition of your vehicle is also taken into account.
First of all, you need to provide a vehicle title registered to your name to a lender. You also must be 18 (21) to have a right to obtain credits. You also have to have a valid driving license or ID issued by a state, and you must permanently live in Virginia. You must also fill out an application form to be able to get credit. All data specified in the application must be correct. Any mistake can lead to a loan request refusal.
There are several methods to apply for a title credit. You can visit the credit company's office near you or you can apply for credit online. Applying for credit online is a more popular way to get credit because you don't need to leave your house and you can apply for credit from wherever you are.
No, you can't. Your residence in Virginia is one of the most important conditions for title credits obtaining. Moreover, you will have to provide the appropriate documents confirming your permanent residence.
If you don't meet the demands of the credit company, your loan request can be rejected. First of all, if you are less than 18(21), your credit request will be denied. You also must confirm your place of residence. If you don't live in Virginia, your loan request will be also denied. Moreover, if the state of your car is unsatisfactory, you will get refusal. If you don't provide the car's title registered to your name, your loan request will be rejected.
It's the sort of credit you take when different emergencies happen. There are such examples as medical bills, house maintenance, car repair, etc. Of course, each customer has his own purpose.
Applying does NOT affect your credit score!
No credit check to apply.


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I got an email the other day from a CEO at a startup I advise who had applied for a startup accelerator called Impact Engine. The news in the email was not good. She had reached the last round of judging but didn't make the final cut.
My advice to her was: don't worry about. As a startup founder, there is so much that is outside of your control, that all you can really do is continue to work your tail off and eventually you'll catch a few lucky breaks along the way.
Here's an example.
In 2009, I fell in love with a venture capital firm called First Round Capital. A tweet from one of their associates had led me to a blog post, which led me to their website, which led me to theirholiday card video. If there is such thing as love at first sight with a venture capital firm, this was it. "OMG," I thought to myself after I watched the video, "These guys are as weird as I am."
So I decided to email them. It was the first venture capital firm I had ever reached out to and I had absolutely zero clue as to what I was doing. I wrote a stupidly long and wordy email telling them about GiveForward and asked for the opportunity to pitch. Within a day I got a very thoughtful response from an associate. He said no and that we'd probably be better off as a non-profit. A year later after graduating from Excelerate Labs, I reached out again to FRC to see if we could pitch and again the same associate said no. This time, he wrote that he appreciated the progress we had made but didn't see this as a "venture type deal". Another year passed, and then in April of 2012 I reached out to FRC again. This time, we got a better response. They agreed to hear our pitch and a few weeks later decided to co-lead our round along with Founder Collective. (hooray!)
Now, the funny thing is, last night I got an email out of the blue from the First Round Capital VC who I had written to all the way back in 2009 and 2010. I hadn't spoken to him in two years and he has since moved on from First Round Capital to start his own VC firm. His email consisted of only one word. It said:
Congrats :)
Moral of the story. In life and in startups, if you believe in what you're doing, just keep doing it and with a little luck, eventually someone is going to notice.
I think this is particularly true with raising capital. As a first time entrepreneur, when you go to pitch investors you're going to hear NO a lot more than you hear YES. When we did our angel round with GiveForward in 2011 we ended up oversubscribed, meaning that more people wanted to invest than we had room for in the round. Even so, the NO's outnumbered the YES's nearly two to one. (we pitched 45 investors. 16 said yes. 29 said no. 13 participated in the round). With our most recent round of funding that closed this past July, we ended up oversubscribed again. But we still heard NO eight times before we heard our first YES. NO's are the default answer in the VC world. Rejection is part of the game. It doesn't mean your idea is bad. It might just mean that your idea doesn't fit within a firm's investment thesis or the timing is bad for the firm or that your concept is "too early" and the market isn't ready for it yet.
When I look back at GiveForward in 2009, we definitely fit into this last category of being "too early". And to be honest, if I was First Round Capital, I probably wouldn't have invested in us back then either.
Here's what the landscape looked like in 2009:
- GiveForward, Kickstarter, and maybe three or four other crowdfunding sites exist; none of which have really taken off yet.
- Facebook, the main platform people use to share their crowdfunding pages, has a 'paltry' 200 million users
- The term crowdfunding is largely unknown. Most people in the industry were still referring to the space as "peer to peer fundraising"
Here's what it looks like in 2012
- There are over 300 crowdfunding sites worldwide; Kickstarter has become a household name.
- Facebook now has about a 1 billion users worldwide sharing crowdfunding pages millions of times a day.
- The term crowdfunding has not only been popularized by the general public but President Obama has even passed a crowdfunding law called the JOBS Act with near unanimous support from Congress.
What a difference three years makes, right? GiveForward isn't a fundamentally different company than we were in 2009, but in 2012 the public is now comfortable enough with the concept of crowdfunding to make market adoption a real possibility. And truth be told, we got really lucky with our market timing. Although we were a little early when we launched in 2008, we bootstrapped and stayed in the game long enough to be in the right place at the right time. In 2010 Kickstarter got funding from Union Square Ventures, putting crowdfunding on the VC map (thank you Fred Wilson). By 2011, Kickstarter had blown up and crowdfunding had officially arrived. And now in 2012…well, now everyone who got into crowdfunding early is just riding the wave and hopefully looking good when we smile for the camera.


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Alabama hunters take 1,000-pound gator
CAMDEN, Ala. - A group of Alabama hunters is celebrating the catch of a lifetime: A 15-foot-long alligator weighing more than 1,000 pounds.
Al.com reports the monster gator was pulled from the water in south Alabama early Saturday during the state's alligator hunting season.
Alabama Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries biologists were able to measure the gator at 15 feet, but weighing it posed a challenge.
The first attempt completely destroyed a winch assembly used to hoist most average gators. So they had to use a backhoe to lift the animal. It weighed in at 1,011.5 pounds.
The gator is the largest ever legally killed by an Alabama hunter. It was caught by Mandy and John Stokes, Kevin Jenkins and his children, 16-year-old Savannah and 14-year-old Parker.


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ESPN Radio's Doug Gottlieb is running "Mascot Madness," in which fan voting will determine America's #1 sports mascots for 2010. Gottlieb hand-picked 64 mascots for the fan tournament, and — sorry Screech — the Washington Nationals racing presidents were selected as the only representative of DC-area professional sports teams.
The Rushmore presidents are seeded at #7 and currently behind in a very tough divisional matchup vs. their hated rivals, the racing sausages from Milwaukee. Presidents fans should VOTE EARLY AND OFTEN at espn.go.com. If the presidents beat the sausages in this round, they face a likely match-up with the Orioles mascot, The Bird.


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Candidate Application No: CES532102050003
The Centre for Educational Services JUPEB and Pre-Degree Programme is an intensive coaching curriculum aimed at ensuring adequate exposure to fundamentals of concepts and preparation of eligible students for University admission. It is also very a good head-start for University work. Please click here for more information.
This certifies that the above named student, whose details appear below, has been offered admission into the 2020/2021 Foundation programme of the Centre for Educational Services, AE-FUNAI.
FULL Name: CHUKWU Abigail Ngozi
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