text:
Not everyone upgrades to the latest model of a mobile device as soon as it's released. In the case of Apple's iPhone, users can currently choose between the iPhone 5 and earlier models like the 4S and the 4. Apple even lets you compare the specs of the various models. But sometimes you need someone's actual experiences to make a decision. Readers in the Ars OpenForum have recently been talking about when it might make sense to get an iPhone 4S instead of an iPhone 5.
Two threads have discussed this topic before. The first thread "Would anyone choose an iPhone 4S over an iPhone 5," talked about it, and so did the members in the thread "iPhone 4S v 5 opinion divided." Susan Harris kicks off the latter: "Mad as it sounds, I may get a 4S instead of a 5, on upgrading. Advice from you guys always appreciated."
In both threads you'll find the experiences of users who have owned several generations of iPhones, as well as newbies who have chosen a particular model. We took a look at some of the major features users are talking about.
Size and feel
The iPhone 5 is definitely a longer and thinner phone, but for a user like Ge0Ph, that may not necessarily be best : "I upgraded from the 4 to a 5. While the 5 has outstanding hardware, I prefer the feel of the 4 much better. At times I wish I would have upgraded to the 4S instead but I convince myself I made the right choice because my hardware will be relevant longer."
Iljitsch (an Ars contributing writer) adds, "The lightness of the 5 is a big plus and depending on your use, the bigger screen can be very helpful. I find that many Web pages that were on the edge of readability on the 4 in landscape are just fine on the 5 in landscape mode."
Otto Pilot thinks ergonomics is a very important factor to consider if you're choosing the 4S: "This right here is the one big problem I have with Apple's continuing obsession with thin and light. I have the 4S now and really didn't see any truly compelling reason to upgrade (ended up just getting an unlocked 4S for my wife so we can ride out our AT&T contracts) but I really am fine with the thickness of the 4S. I would prefer to forego shaving off a few more millimeters in favor of keeping (or lengthening) the battery life, especially with the move to LTE. As it is now, with push email, iCloud, iTunes match, GPS and Siri, I am hard-pressed to make it through a day on the 4S without needing to plug in."
Sleepcountry thinks the iPhone 5 is a winner based on call quality: "The call quality is scary good on iPhone 5. Thanks to the noise canceling, I've been in crowded restaurants and easily had conversations without raising my voice or cranking the volume at all. It feels like a cone of silence descends around the ear you're holding the phone up to [it]. It's downright eerie at times... the call quality is so much obviously better than my iPhone 4"
Cateye provides a side-by-side comparison of the 4S and the 5 based on performance: "My wife has a 4S and, used side-by-side with my 5, I'm hard-pressed to tell any performance differences between the two. They both respond immediately with zero lag in the apps we commonly use (the 5 is, however, dramatically more responsive than my 4 was). Call sound quality is excellent on both, we have no complaints. Where the 5 leads is in cellular data speed: AT&T lit up its LTE network where we are a few weeks after I upgraded, so I was able to make a direct comparison in the places (like the gym) where I tend to use cellular data often. It's really quite astonishing how LTE makes surfing or using streaming services like Google Music (I don't have iTunes Match so I can't compare) more pleasant compared to '4G' or plain old 3G. I still think LTE is sort of a goofy feature (who truly needs data speeds that fast on a phone?), but it's a nice luxury to have."
The battery-life comparison
LTE is going to drain the battery a little faster, but Iljitsch reports: "I still make it to the end of the second day on a charge most of the time with my iPhone 5, like with the iPhone 4, but with somewhat less of a safety margin. I've had it happen once or twice that I was in the red at the end of a particularly iPhone-intense day once or twice, but it's rare."
On the other hand, Sleepcountry is not pleased with the performance of the iPhone 5's battery life: "I've always been curious about how all these reviewers eked out these crazy high numbers on battery life. Like did they actually use their iPhones 5?"
Japtor also has experienced good battery life, like Iljitsch: "Battery life has been pretty awesome for me actually, about the only times I've run it down is playing Need for Speed at night while streaming Bluetooth audio before bed. I've done all-nighters at work and still end up with like 30-40 percent battery left in the morning, used it all day at Disneyland while streaming (apparently inappropriate) Simpsons clips in line for my nephew (if anything I was more worried about data usage), pretty much never have had to think about it other than unfounded paranoia in my case."
About those nicks and scratches
Cateye notes that performance wise, both the 4S and the 5 are similar, but the 5 brings along some new problems, "Within a couple weeks of owning it, my 5 already had a bunch of silver dings/scratches along the anodized black aluminum edge and on the back panel, so into a case it went and where it will have to stay if I want to keep it looking nice. Secondly, battery life is noticeably worse. I think I was spoiled by the 4, however, since as a smartphone, it really does have pretty legendary battery life. The 5 is no worse or no better than any modern LTE smartphone."
When it comes to durability, the iPhone 4S also wins that battle, based on Cateye's opinions about the materials: "The band around the edge of the iPhone 4/4S is made of steel. The band around the edge of the iPhone 5, along with the metal portion of the back, is made of aluminum. Aluminum is lighter, but it's also softer, and malforms from impact more easily. In addition, the aluminum surfaces of the black 5 are anodized with a slate-black color. But that's just a micro-thin layer of color over bare, silver aluminum. The moment it gets scraped off (after spending some time in your pocket with your car keys, for example) it sticks out like a sore thumb since it's these little silver nicks on a field of matte black."
How good is the LTE?
And then there is data speed. The iPhone 5 moves up to the LTE standard and melk, who ran some quick tests on his own iPhone, was able to get 32Mbps on download and 10Mbps upload speeds. He adds "Larger screen, lighter/slimmer body, lightning connector is just better in every way. No question really, in my mind."
So what should you do?
The choice you make with your phone upgrade will depend on what matters to you. If price comes first, then the choice is clear. But taking time to think about the highest-priority features you need in your phone, and comparing them to what other users are saying about them can be a great help.
Arasirsul actually upgraded to an iPhone 5 but wishes for a return to the 4S: "While the 5's better in every way—lighter, bigger screen, faster wireless performance, etc, no piece of it (with the exception of playing videos on the bigger screen that better matches the videos' aspect ratio) really screams, 'Hey! I'm BETTER!' It's a good device. It's certainly a better device. But I'm not sure it was worth the extra money, particularly when I couple the original outlay with the cost of having to replace all the 30-pin devices I'd been using (the big problem being the ANT+ dongle for fitness hardware that I feared wouldn't attach through an adapter very well at all, and my bike rig where it wouldn't physically fit). Sure, I'm going to have to replace all that 30-pin stuff eventually either way, but I probably could have put it off two years. "
Have you chosen an older model of the iPhone for yourself or are you going with the 5? How do you feel about the iPhone 5? Register for an account to participate in the discussion, or share your thoughts in the comments below.


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text:
Hauppauge HD-PVR
|Hauppauge HD-PVR
|Vendors Website
|Input Formats
|component, S-Video, and composite (stereo and S/PDIF for audio)
|Support Status
|Supported since 0.22
|hdpvr (part of the kernel since ~220.127.116.11)
|Sound Driver
|not applicable
|not applicable
Note: As of November 2013, ONLY the Hauppauge HD-PVR models 1212 and 1445 are supported by the Linux TV project. No HD-PVR 2 models are supported in Linux. There is an early, testing version of a HD-PVR 2 driver for Linux available at ftp://ftp.hauppauge.com/Support/Test/Lin/hauppauge_driver_src_ver5.tgz
The Hauppauge HD-PVR is the first consumer-level analog HD capture device available. The HD-PVR is a USB device that captures the component video outputs and analog/optical audio outputs of any consumer device (including cable/satellite set-top-boxes, HD disk players, video game consoles, and various other home media devices). The HD-PVR is a highly popular capture device because it captures video via component output, permitting the user to capture high-definition video from most sources and without concern for encryption. In other words, since component video is not and cannot be encrypted, previously uncapturable HD sources such as satellite and premium television will now be fully accessible in MythTV. Prior to this device, component capture devices were cost-prohibitive and were not directly supportable within Linux.
The HD PVR captures at resolutions from VGA/D1 (480i) up to 1080i, and encodes the component inputs in real time using the H.264/MPEG-4 video codec and the AAC audio codec. The streams are multiplexed into a slightly modified MPEG-2 Transport Stream container. Capture resolution is dependent on the source (ie 720p video will be captured as 720p, 1080i as 1080i, etc.) but the bitrate is user-selectable from 1 megabit/second up to 13.5 megabits/second. The H.264 video codec is, bit-for-bit, up to 40% more efficient than the MPEG-2 video codec commonly used in US HDTV broadcasts today. A 13.5 Mb/s H.264 stream is roughly equivalent to a full-channel-bitrate MPEG-2 recording at approximately 19 Mb/s.
The HD-PVR uses modern codecs capable of exceptional compression rates at excellent quality. The tradeoff is that decoding H.264 material is very processor-intensive. Fortunately, using VDPAU or VDA video card hardware acceleration makes H.264 playback easy. By contrast, even systems which easily play back US broadcast/cable MPEG-2 HD are likely to fail altogether when playing back a recording from the HD-PVR without hardware acceleration. Hauppauge recommends a dual-core CPU as a minimum if not using VDPAU; a frequently cited minimum for medium-bitrate H.264 playback is a Core 2 Duo 1.8 Ghz processor. HD Playback Reports acts as a repository for processor requirements to play high definition material. HD-PVR users are encouraged to contribute to the page to ascertain real-world playback requirements without VDPAU or some other form of hardware-accelerated playback with MythTV.
In all HD-PVR firmwares later than 188.8.131.52, AC-3 multiplexing via S/PDIF is available, allowing one to multiplex the original 5.1 channel audio track into the captured stream. To enable this functionality, be sure to set the audio input to S/PDIF by editing the capture card definition in mythtv-setup and setting the preferred input device to S/PDIF.
- 1 Hardware versions
- 2 Configuring the HD-PVR in MythTV
- 3 Firmware Version Stability
- 4 Firmware Versions
- 5 Firmware Upgrade Process
- 6 Hardware Stability and Troubleshooting
- 7 HD-PVR Driver Compilation Howto
- 8 Testing the Driver
- 9 Bitrate and Picture Controls
- 10 Miscellaneous Kernel Module Options
- 11 IR Transmitter Support
- 12 Video Standard
- 13 Limitations
Hardware versions
Hauppauge sells several h.264 high-definition encoders.
The 1212 HD-PVR is the original product. After the company discovered that many who purchased the HD-PVR did so not for recording high-definition television but to capture their video game play to upload to YouTube, it introduced the 1445 HD-PVR Gaming Edition, with the following minor differences:
- Comes with cables for connecting a PlayStation 3 or Xbox 360 instead of component cables for a cable or satellite settop box.
- Does not come with an IR blaster output cable (it still has an IR sensor); one can be purchased from Hauppauge for $7.
- The Windows software it comes with is different.
- The light that signals recording status is a different color.
If the prices of the 1212 and 1445 are the same buy the 1212, but if the 1445 is cheaper then buy it and get the component and IR cables separately.
The 1414 Colossus is a PCI-based encoder card. See here for support in MythTV.
The 1482 HD-PVR2 Gaming Edition is an USB-based external encoder. Along with component video, it can capture HDMI, but does not support HDCP. It does not support 5.1 or greater audio over HDMI, and unlike the 1212/1445 it lacks an S/PDIF input so cannot capture 5.1 sound that way. It does not have Linux support.
Configuring the HD-PVR in MythTV
MythTV includes support for the HD-PVR from v0.22 and up. See below for caveats and setup information.
Once the tuner has been added as an encoder in MythTV, it is vital that the user not access the tuner in outside programs such as cat, VLC, and mplayer. This can lead to MythTV's connection with the driver becoming unstable, and subsequent recordings failing until the driver is reloaded and power is cycled on the HD-PVR.
The last sync with libavcodec did greatly improve stability when playing material from the HD-PVR. If you still get playback crashes, try compiling myth with --disable-ssse3.
For Motorola STBs, it is also important to set the "4:3 Override" option to Off or Stretch. For some Motorola STBs, both the aspect ratio settings and output resolution controls can be found by powering down the STB and then pressing the Menu button.
Myth can become non-responsive due to run-away "mythbackend --generate-preview" processes. If you check your mythbackend logs and see it being flooded with ac3 or faac errors, it is likely the "generate-preview" process doing it. A "pkill -f generate-preview" will return your myth system to a usable state. You may even want to add that pkill to a cron job.
The HD-PVR previously had problems gracefully dealing with resolution changes but those issues have been fixed in MythTV. You can now allow your receiver to float between 480i, 480p, 720p and 1080i without causing the HD-PVR or MythTV to hang.
If you have the ir_kbd_i2c module loaded, this can cause the HD-PVR to hang after a short amount of recording (60-120 seconds). Remove this module via 'rmmod ir_kbd_i2c' and try again if this is affecting you.
The HD-PVR is unable to capture closed captioning data while recording, unless the captioning is displayed on the screen at the time of capturing - in which case sub-titles cannot be turned off during playback. A workaround is possible if another tuner is available.
Steps to Add the HD-PVR as a Capture Device in MythTV (0.22 or later)
- Compile the driver and test it for proper operation as described above (if necessary)
- Run mythtv-setup, and enter option 2, Capture Cards.
- Add a new capture card. When prompted, select "H.264 Encoder Card (HD-PVR)" as the card type. Set the /dev/video node to the number of your HD-PVR. Finish adding the new capture card. You can also set the audio input on this screen. All cables must be functional and properly attached in order for capture to succeed with the HD-PVR. If every recording fails with a "Unknown type, recording width was 0" error in the mythbackend log, it is possible that one of your cables is faulty or has become disconnected.
- Enter option 3, "Video Sources." Set up a video source for your HD-PVR's tuner as described in the manual.
- Enter option 4, "Input Connections." Connect the video source to the appropriate input on the HD-PVR. Important Note: You must set a channel change script for the HD-PVR to work properly. If you don't care about channel changes, you can set it to /bin/true, but there absolutely must be a channel change script defined. Important note 2: You must leave Preset tuner to channel empty or LiveTV and channel changes will not work.
- Reboot if needed - On Ubuntu 18.04 with Myth 29, a restart was required to complete the setup. Without the restart, the tuner was visible on the tuner status page, but showed an error. After the reboot, all was well.
Assuming you followed the directions carefully, you should now be able to record with the HD-PVR. If you get "Select Timeout" errors, these can sometimes be overcome by stopping the backend, removing the hdpvr module, cycling the power on the HD-PVR, modprobe-ing the hdpvr module, and restarting the backend.
You can set the bitrate for the HD-PVR by going into Recording Profiles, and editing the profiles associated with HD-PVR encoders. These recording profiles have bitrate settings for low (480i/p), medium (720p), and high (1080i) resolution material, allowing you to set appropriate bitrates based upon the resolution of the material. If the max bitrate is set lower than the average bitrate, the result is CBR (constant bit rate) at the rate specified by the average slider. If you want VBR (variable bit rate), set the max slider to maximum, and then use the average slider to achieve the desired bitrate.
Firmware Version Stability
Firmware is available at Hauppauge HD-PVR Support page under the 'Windows Driver' tab, "Windows driver for HD PVR" - "It is also for HD PVR users with third party Mac or Linux applications. Please note: this loads firmware onto HD PVR (it must be run on a Windows PC)."
- Firmware versions earlier than 1.5.6 should update the firmware as soon as possible. Hauppauge has fixed a bug that can under certain conditions cause the HD-PVR to become inoperable.
- Firmware 1.5.7 may have issues with MythTV 0.25 and live TV .
- Firmware versions of 1.6.29207(dated July 27, 2011) and later causes over saturation and color issues with the encoding of the analog signal in Linux kernel versions <= 3.2.34. Unless you are running a kernel version of 3.3 or later, you do not want to upgrade to this or later versions until your kernel is upgraded. Version 1.5.7, from June 17, 2010 appears to work with older kernel versions. Hauppauge has acknowledged the issue and provided a link to the earlier firmware for non-Windows systems on their support page: [1] Hauppauge HD-PVR support.
- Version 1.7.1, dated March 7, 2012 ("firmware version 0x1e dated Mar 7 2012 08:25:15"), stability is 'much improved'. Previous versions would not handle the input signal switching its resolution making it hard to use reliably in MythTV. 1.7.1 now it rides right through without exiting the recording!
If you still experience problems with stability, a small kernel module re-load script is included below in the Bitrate and Picture Controls sub section that re-loads the kernel modules and acts like a power cycle on the HD-PVR.
Over-saturation and Color Solution
If you run a firmware version of 1.6.29207 or later, and run a kernel version of 3.2.34 or earlier, you may experience over-saturation and color issues. You have 2 options for avoiding this this issue all-together:
1) Run a firmware version of 126.96.36.199 (0x15) or earlier (not necessarily recommended)
2) Upgrade to a kernel version of 3.3 or later (recommended)
A driver updated was applied to the 3.3 Linux kernel that automatically compensates for the way the firmware handles hue and saturation in different driver versions. If you can't upgrade your kernel version, or run an earlier HD-PVR firmware version, then you can try and work-around the issue as a last resort using one of the following solutions. Only the last one worked for me, but as always YMMV. No matter which route you go, the following command will always need to be run:
sudo /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d /dev/video1 --set-ctrl brightness=0x80 --set-ctrl contrast=0x40 --set-ctrl hue=0xf --set-ctrl saturation=0x40 --set-ctrl sharpness=0x80
- Substitute the correct video# in the example above.
- sudo may or may not be required depending on permissions. I did not need it.
The first place you can run this is in a startupScript. Simply have it run when your mythtv backend boots up. Since every distro is different please consult your distro's documentation on how to add it.
The second place you can run this is in your channel change script. I use 6200ch as my channel changer. In order to run the above code I created a script and use that script in mythtv-setup for my channel change program. Here is mine:
#!/bin/bash /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d /dev/video# --set-ctrl brightness=0x80 --set-ctrl contrast=0x40 --set-ctrl hue=0xf --set-ctrl saturation=0x40 --set-ctrl sharpness=0x80 /usr/bin/6200ch $1 /bin/sleep 4
The third option, which worked for me, was to use a script in combination with MythTV System Events. To use this option, create a script:
#!/bin/bash # This is optional, I needed it. You may not. I actually ended up with sleep 10 #/bin/sleep 2 /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d /dev/video# --set-ctrl brightness=0x80 --set-ctrl contrast=0x40 --set-ctrl hue=0xf --set-ctrl saturation=0x40 --set-ctrl sharpness=0x80
Next, open "mythtv-setup -> System Events -> Recording started" and give it the path to your new script (/opt/bin/setHDPVR.sh). Repeat for the "LiveTV started" event. After that, every time a recording starts it will run the fix and your recording should have proper colors.
Firmware Versions
The firmware version reported by the HD-PVR device on Linux is not the same version number as the driver package for Windows. The table below shows the driver package filename for installation on Windows, the date of the driver package (when downloaded directly from Hauppauge's site, this is from the timestamp of the file on their server), the date of the firmware ROM files within the driver package (the hcwhdpvr.rom file), and the version of the firmware reported on Linux. The majority of these driver packages can be downloaded from
http://hauppauge.lightpath.net/software/hd_pvr/ or
|Driver Package Filename
|Package File Date
|Firmware ROM Date
|Firmware Version
|Mar 20 2009
|Nov 24 2009
|Jul 02 2010
|Jul 22 2011
|Aug 01 2011
|Nov 14 2011
|Dec 06 2011
|Dec 23 2011
|Mar 26 2012
|Nov 01 2012
Firmware Upgrade Process
The firmware on the device cannot be upgraded through a GNU/Linux system at this time. Use the following process within a physical MS Windows installation: (it is known to not work from VMWare Fusion, or with VirtualBox running on OS X)
- Visit the Hauppauge website and download the latest driver, under the 'Windows Driver' tab, "Windows driver for HD PVR" - "It is also for HD PVR users with third party Mac or Linux applications. Please note: this loads firmware onto HD PVR (it must be run on a Windows PC)."
- Unpack the driver into a folder if the file is a .zip
- Connect the HD-PVR to your computer via the USB cable and connect the power
- A window may pop-up asking you if you want to search for a driver, press the cancel button if possible
- Run the executable in the folder you created above
- If necessary, your firmware will be updated
- Disconnect the HD-PVR and reconnect to your backend system
Hardware Stability and Troubleshooting
While the majority of users have used the HD-PVR trouble-free for years, many users have reported various issues in regards to stability of the HD-PVR device itself. These issues usually materialize either as 0-byte recordings or heavily damaged (i.e., artifacts) within MythTV. There are a few different theories on what can cause these issues, as well as a variety of solutions to try.
A few things known to impact the stability of the device:
- Sharing of USB bus with other peripherals (including use of USB hubs)
- Heat
- Bad Power Supply
- Bad USB Hub/Port
- Improperly connected equipment / Bad cables
A few things to try if you discover you are having intermittent failures of recordings from the HD-PVR:
- Power Cycle The Device - Many times, you can power cycle the device either by pushing the power button, or pulling the power cord, and it may resolve any recording issues (for new recordings from that point on). Of course, this may be a temporary band-aid rather than an actual fix - but it all depends if the failures were a one-off or recurring. If failed recordings happen very infrequently, then simply power cycling the device manually may be a sufficient "fix". If it happens a little more frequently, you could also consider leveraging an "HD-PVR Killer Device" which monitors HD-PVR recordings within MythTV and determines if they are 0-byte. If so, the device will automatically power cycle the device for you. The device was created by a MythTV developer who was experiencing sporadic failures where the HD-PVR wouldn't successfully record until power-cycled.
- Ensure Proper Cooling - Some people have reported that the device will become unstable if it gets too hot. Make sure the unit is properly ventilated. Some people have added fans to circulate air across the device, and some have even modified their HD-PVR to include a fan that blows directly into the case. However, this shouldn't be necessary as long as you make sure you use common sense on where you HD-PVR is stored (i.e., in a space that's properly ventilated, not covered up, not next to other hot A/V equipment, etc.)
- Check / Replace your power supply - Some of the very early delivered models of the HD-PVR had defective power supplies. Hauppauge offered to replace many of these power supplies as they were believed to have defective capacitors in them causing them to fail or become unreliable. Users who had seen repeated instability (often degrading over time) with their HD-PVRs have reported that their devices were once again performing solidly once replaced with a new power supply.
- Try a Different USB Port - Some users have reported a bad USB port and/or bus on their motherboard. Try switching ports to see if that helps.
- Ensure Good Cables / Tight Connections - The HD-PVR can be finicky if it doesn't receive a good signal. A bad signal could be caused by dozens of reasons, many of which may not have to do with the HD-PVR at all. The first thing to make sure of is that your cables are good and that they are tightly and securely connected to both the HD-PVR and the device it is recording from.
HD-PVR Driver Compilation Howto
Note: As of Linux Kernel 2.6.30 the driver for the HD-PVR is now included by default. However, the driver may not have the necessary bits to enable the IR transmitter. You only have to follow this procedure if
- your kernel does not include the driver
- you want to use the IR transmitter and those bits are not in your kernel
- you need a newer driver (A newer driver may also be necessary if you have a newer device as Hauppauge introduced a new USB device ID for the F1 revision.)
- Fedora 12 (and above) includes backports of the relevant drivers for the HD-PVR and IR Blasting, no compilation is necessary.
- Ubuntu 10.10 (as well as MythBuntu) do not have the IR driver bits. In addtion, the USB ID for the latest hardware revision (Rev F1) isn't detected. Compiling from the source is necessary to correct this.
- Ubuntu 11.04 and above, as well as MythBuntu, includes the relevant drivers for the HD-PVR and IR Blasting, no compilation is necessary.
Note: This how-to has been upgraded to support a more current kernel versions (2.6.32 and greater). The historical Mercurial [instructions] may still work on older kernels.)
The development branch of the HD-PVR Linux driver is available from the LinuxTV project. - http://linuxtv.org/wiki/index.php/How_to_Obtain,_Build_and_Install_V4L-DVB_Device_Drivers
Currently, firmware loading is unimplemented in the driver. As a result, if you have a "rev c1" or newer unit you must install the HD-PVR at least once on a Windows machine to load the firmware into it. If you have a Revision 2 unit (including a sticker marked "rev c2" on the bottom of the unit) then it will come loaded with a firmware. Once you have done so, you will need a working build environment, git, and kernel headers installed on your system. In Debian and debian-based distros, the following command should install all necessary dependencies to build the driver.
- sudo apt-get install build-essential git linux-headers-`uname -r`
On some systems (e.g. Ubuntu 10.04), it is git-core instead of git, so use:
- sudo apt-get install build-essential git-core linux-headers-`uname -r`
In RPM based distros such as Mythdora, the following command should suffice, assuming the proper development tools, kernel-headers and kernel-devel have already been installed.
- sudo yum install git
In best case scenarios, the following should be enough to compile and install the driver:
- git clone git://linuxtv.org/media_build.git
- cd media_build
- ./check_needs.pl
- make -C linux/ download
- make -C linux/ untar
- make stagingconfig
- make
- sudo make install
Note: Compilation errors do occur some times:
- If compilation fails with timblogiw.c:XXX: error: implicit declaration of function 'mfd_get_data' then edit v4l/.config, and change any line like CONFIG_*_TIMBERALE to equal n Then rerun "make" and continue on.
- If compilation fails due to an error with the firedtv driver, then edit the file "v4l-dvb/v4l/.config" and change the line: "CONFIG_DVB_FIREDTV=m" to "CONFIG_DVB_FIREDTV=n". In addition, changing all lines to "=n" except for CONFIG_VIDEO_HDPVR will greatly speed up compile time.
- For other errors, realize that keeping the latest media tree code compiling on older kernels is a losing battle. If you report build failures to firstname.lastname@example.com you'll usually either see them fixed and/or receive suggested workarounds.
If compilation and installation succeeded, it should be possible to load the HD-PVR driver with:
- sudo modprobe hdpvr
If dmesg only shows "registered new interface driver hdpvr" and no /dev/video# device has been created, you probably have a newer device than your kernel module supports.
If dmesg shows "wrong firmware version," and "device init failed," then you did not install the device in Windows first and the firmware has not been loaded. Install the HD-PVR on a Windows machine, install the drivers, and after that the device should work fine in Linux.
In Ubuntu, the module may fail to load and refer you to the dmesg command. If this happens, reboot and see if the error resolves itself. It is also possible that Ubuntu is prioritizing another, older copy of the v4l-dvb modules above the one you just installed, and the HD-PVR will fail because the two versions do not match. Try a command like:
- locate cx88-dvb.ko |grep `uname -r`
This will search for the cx88-dvb kernel module, which is provided in the Hg tree you just built, and also in default Ubuntu installs. If you see more than one copy of this file, you may need to move the older versions out of the way. In at least one case, alternate versions of all the modules were located in "/opt/ltsp/amd64/lib/modules/kernel version number/ubuntu/". The symbol mismatch was solved by moving the "/opt/ltsp/amd64/lib/modules/kernel version number/ubuntu/media" directory into a backup directory in the user's home, then rebooting.
Testing the Driver
Even if you didn't compile your own kernel module, you should always test your box outside of MythTV before trying inside of MythTV. Once the module has loaded successfully, you can check dmesg for output and to determine which /dev/video node it has created. You can then test the device as with any hardware encoder:
cat /dev/video1 > test.ts
Press your interrupt character (usually ctrl-C) to stop the capture, and play it back with any compatible media player (i.e., mplayer, xine, mythfrontend).
Bitrate and Picture Controls
The HD-PVR driver is compatible with the v4l2-ctl command line utility included in ivtv-tools. To see a list of adjustable controls, use the following command:
- v4l2-ctl --device=/dev/video0 -l
Substitute the correct video# in the example above. The following controls are presently supported in the driver:
|Control Name
|0 to 255
|Brightness picture control over recordings.
|0 to 255
|Contrast picture control over recordings.
|0 to 255
|Hue picture control over recordings.
|0 to 255
|Saturation picture control over recordings.
|0 to 255
|Sharpness picture control over recordings.
|3 to 4
|Control for audio encoding. 3=AAC, 4=AC3.
|Non-adjustable control for video encoding (H.264).
|0 to 1
|Control for VBR versus CBR. 0=VBR, 1=CBR.
|1000000 to 13500000
|Bitrate control over recordings in bits, from 1 Mbit/s to 13.5 Mbit/s.
|1100000 to 20200000
|Peak bitrate control in bits, from 1.1 Mbit/s to 20.2 Mbit/s.
You can adjust any of these values with a command like:
- v4l2-ctl --device=/dev/video0 --set-ctrl=controlname=value
Or, for example:
- v4l2-ctl --device=/dev/video0 --set-ctrl=video_bitrate=13500000
This command will set the bitrate to the maximum of 13.5 Mbit/s for the HD-PVR at /dev/video0.
The audio_encoding selection only works for PCM input. If the HD-PVR is fed AC3, then AC3 will always be multiplexed into the H.264.
Note that the picture controls did not have any known effect prior to firmware version 0x16 (1.6.29199).
Firmware 0x16+ Picture Control Defaults
|Control Name
|0 to 255
|Brightness picture control over recordings.
|0 to 255
|Contrast picture control over recordings.
|0 to 30
|Hue picture control over recordings (shown as even numbers between -30 and 30 in Windows).
|0 to 255
|Saturation picture control over recordings.
|0 to 255
|Sharpness picture control over recordings.
Until a patch that sets the new defaults is committed to the kernel, you can use
v4l2-ctl --set-ctrl brightness=0x80 --set-ctrl contrast=0x40 --set-ctrl hue=0xf --set-ctrl saturation=0x40 --set-ctrl sharpness=0x80to set the proper defaults.
Example startup script
Here is a small script to:
- re-load the kernel modules
- set some initial input and picture control settings like bitrate.
#!/bin/bash -v # Gets the HDPVR setup with good settings MPEG4_IN=/dev/hdpvr # sym link to /dev/video1 #Remove and re load kernel modules sudo rmmod hdpvr sleep 5s sudo modprobe hdpvr sleep 2s # bitrate_mode 0=VBR, 1=CBR sudo /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d $MPEG4_IN -c video_bitrate_mode=0 sudo /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d $MPEG4_IN -c video_bitrate=10000000 sudo /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d $MPEG4_IN -c video_peak_bitrate=16500000 # #If you wish to see more verbose dmesg output, you can use the following module option: # hdpvr_debug=# # Where # = an integer between 1 and 7, increasing in level of verbosity. # # video_nr=# # Sets the device node to /dev/video# # # default_video_input=# # default video input: 0=component, 1=S-Video, 2=composite # # default_audio_input=# # default audio input: 0=RCA back, 1=RCA front, 2=S/PDIF. # # Audio IN 0=RCABack 1=RCAFront 2=SPDIF sudo /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d $MPEG4_IN --set-audio-input=0 # Video Input IN 0=component, 1=s-vid1(front) 2=composite1(front) sudo /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d $MPEG4_IN --set-input=0 # # For firmware 0xf, default audio input must apparently be set to 2 to enable spdif/optical recording. # This does not change the encoding default (AAC) and does not up-convert to 5.1 if the spdif/optical input is stereo. # Simply edit /etc/modprobe.d/hdpvr.conf to have this info (without quotes): # "options hdpvr default_audio_input=2". # If this doesn't work for you or if you want to be able to easily change it on the fly, try this script # https://github.com/davidstoll/HDPVR-config # # if using SPDIF the ctrl "audio_encoding" has to be 4 [3=AAC - 4=AC3] or you get an empty file # audio_encoding [3=AAC - 4=AC3] # I found to use the SPDIF the STB has to also send AC3 or you get silence sudo /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d $MPEG4_IN -c audio_encoding=4 # # Patch for new firmware color saturation BUG # sudo /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --verbose -d $MPEG4_IN --set-ctrl brightness=0x80 --set-ctrl contrast=0x40 --set-ctrl hue=0xf --set-ctrl saturation=0x40 --set-ctrl sharpness=0x80
Adjusting Picture Settings Automatically
It seems that the color settings have to be adjusted every time recording starts. The "Recording Started" event in the MythTV System Events is ideal for this.
Here's a script that you can run as a Recording Started event that iterates over all /dev/hdpvr* devices and sets the picture controls appropriately. Adjust device names or other settings as needed.
The script will not run if the kernel version is not less than 3.4. Supposedly this problem has been addressed in kernel version 3.4 and later. Remove this check if you like.
#!/bin/sh #A hack to "fix" the HDPVR color saturation issue in MythTV #Run this as a "Recording Started" event. #Sleep a bit to let recording get started. sleep 2; #is kernel < 3.4? fixed_ver=3.4 kern_ver=$(uname -r | cut -f 1-2 -d .) if [ $(expr $kern_ver \< $fixed_ver) -ne 1 ]; then exit 0 fi color_fix() { device=$1 /usr/bin/v4l2-ctl --device=$device --set-ctrl brightness=0x80 --set-ctrl contrast=0x40 \ --set-ctrl hue=0xf --set-ctrl saturation=0x40 --set-ctrl sharpness=0x80 } fix_hdpvr_color(){ for device in /dev/hdpvr*; do color_fix $device; done } #Do it a few times, sleeping in between. there seems to be some timing issue #waiting for the hdpvr device to be ready after recording starts. for count in 1 2 3; do fix_hdpvr_color; sleep 1; done
Put this script in /usr/local/bin or /opt/bin and configure it as an event handler in your MythTV backend setup.
Miscellaneous Kernel Module Options
Several options exist that may be of assistance when troubleshooting or for certain use cases. If the audio output is too low, you can boost the audio signal by adding the following module option for the hdpvr module:
- boost_audio=1
If you wish to see more verbose dmesg output, you can use the following module option:
- hdpvr_debug=#
Where # = an integer between 1 and 7, increasing in level of verbosity.
- video_nr=#
Sets the device node to /dev/video#
- default_video_input=#
default video input: 0=component, 1=S-Video, 2=composite
- default_audio_input=#
default audio input: 0=RCA back, 1=RCA front, 2=S/PDIF.
Note: For firmware 0xf, default audio input must apparently be set to 2 to enable spdif/optical recording. This does not change the encoding default (AAC) and does not up-convert to 5.1 if the spdif/optical input is stereo. Simply edit /etc/modprobe.d/hdpvr.conf to have this info (without quotes): "options hdpvr default_audio_input=2". If this doesn't work for you or if you want to be able to easily change it on the fly, try this script.
IR Transmitter Support
As of September 1, 2009 IR Blasting and receiving is tentatively working. Jarod Wilson has created patches for the lirc and hdpvr drivers. He's in the process of having his patches approved and committed.
- These patches are included if you follow the build process above.
- Mythdora IR How-To
- Fedora Core 12 currently has built-in support for the HD-PVR's IR Blaster. In Fedora 12 follow the steps below to enable the IR transmitter. Other distributions may need custom-compiled drivers. See the section below to compile drivers for the IR transmitter.
- For Ubuntu/MythBuntu 10.10 the above compilation process was necessary.
- Ubuntu/MythBuntu 11.04 currently has built-in support for the HD-PVR's IR Blaster. Follow the steps below to enable the IR transmitter.
Note: As of April 2011, numbers of users have reported instability if the HD-PVR is configured as an IR receiver. To workaround this, make sure that "options lirc_zilog tx_only=1" is set in the modprobe.conf or /etc/modprobe.d/hdpvr.conf depending on the distribution
The HD-PVR, as with many other Hauppauge on-card emitters, only supports a fixed set of IR codes. The HD-PVR includes a wide variety of codes for most common set top boxes, but it may or may not contain codes for special buttons like arrow or menu buttons. See below for more information on codesets and lircd.conf.
Compile LIRC Modules for IR Transmitter Support
The HD-PVR's IR Blaster must be supported in both the LinuxTV driver and the LIRC driver. If your distribution doesn't include support for the IR Blaster you may build it yourself. Follow the steps mentioned above to download and compile the hdpvr driver from linuxtv.org (lirc_zilog.ko and lirc_dev.ko are also included in that process).
- Load the HD-PVR driver (sudo modprobe hdpvr) and check dmesg for errors.
- Load the LIRC module (sudo modprobe lirc_zilog) and check dmesg for errors. Note: Be sure the HD-PVR firmware file is in place before you load the driver. If the firmware is missing, modprobe will segfault and the new modules may lock up.
- Follow the steps to enable the IR transmitter.
Steps to Enable IR Transmitter
- Plug the IR emitter in to the HD-PVR. Affix the sticky portion to the front of your set top box, aligned towards the box's IR receiver.
- Install LIRC as appropriate for your distribution. Note: If your distribution does not package a sufficiently recent copy of LIRC to include support for the HD-PVR IR emitter, you may need to compile it yourself.
- Download the HD-PVR IR firmware(yes, this is different than the firmware running the HDPVR). Put the firmware in your distribution's firmware directory, (commonly /lib/firmware).
- Download the lircd.conf file and place it where your distribution keeps LIRC configuration files (commonly /etc/lirc/).
- If necessary (usually not), set LIRC to start at boot (service lirc on in Fedora, or update-rc.d lirc defaults in Debian-based distributions)
- Find the LIRC hardware.conf file in the LIRC configuration directory and edit it to include the following. If the HD PVR is the only IR device attached to your system, make sure and comment out all other TRANSMITTER and RECEIVER blocks that may already be in there. You may have to adjust the device and socket values depending on your particular setup.
- #Chosen IR transmitter
- TRANSMITTER_MODULES="lirc_dev lirc_zilog"
- TRANSMITTER_DEVICE="/dev/lirc0"
- Restart LIRC and if needed load the module, lirc_zilog (modprobe lirc_zilog). Check dmesg to see if the module has successfully loaded. Check your devices (e.g. ls /dev/lirc*). If the HD-PVR is the only device attached, then /dev/lirc0 and /dev/lircd should be the only devices. If there exists an lircd1 then hardware.conf may not be set up properly.
- If you are not using it, disabling the IR receiver may improve stability. You disable it with "options lirc_zilog tx_only=1" in the appropriate location for module load options on your distro. On Ubuntu, for example, create a /etc/modprobe.d/lirc_zilog.d.conf file containing that line.
- Look at the codesets supported by the HD-PVR. The codes that start with a 0_ are for cable and 1_ are satellite.
- Use this script to send a power command to your set top box.
- When the STB changes power state, the terminal will show which command set was used. Edit /etc/lirc/lircd.conf and remove the codes you don't need and (optionally) rename the ones you do. For instance 0_125_KEY_POWER becomes KEY_POWER.
At this point the IR transmitter should send the codes properly to the STB. Channel changes will still require a channel change script. (In this example, 0_74 was the remote number supported.)
#!/bin/bash REMOTE_NAME=blaster DEVICE=/dev/lircd SLEEP_TIME="0.4" STB=0_74 send () { irsend --device=${DEVICE} SEND_ONCE ${REMOTE_NAME} ${STB}_${1} sleep ${SLEEP_TIME} } for DIGIT in $(echo ${1} | sed -e 's/./& /g'); do send KEY_${DIGIT} done send KEY_ENTER # # If your cable box is slow to change channels, sleep so that Mythtv doesn't # move forward until after the resolution has changed # sleep 7
Checking STB Power Status
One issue with using the HDPVR with Component Video is that there's no obvious way to check that the Cable Box is powered on when beginning a recording.
The following script is used as the channel change script. Setup: Cisco STB on TWC, HDPVR using Component Video, Ubuntu 14.04.1 with MythTV 0.28pre.
#!/bin/bash REMOTE_NAME=blaster DEVICE=/dev/lircd SLEEP_TIME="0.3" WAIT_TIME="5" STB="0_74" VDEV="/dev/video0" send () { irsend --device=${DEVICE} SEND_ONCE ${REMOTE_NAME} ${STB}_${1} sleep ${SLEEP_TIME} } #Check to see if a recording is going on right now, in case this is called from outside the schedule count=0 until $( wget -o /dev/null -O - -- http://localhost/mythweb/status | grep ${VDEV} | grep "not recording" > /dev/null ) do echo "/dev/video0 is recording...waiting" (( count++ )) if [ ${count} -gt 1 ] then echo "Tried ${count} times, giving up...." exit 1 fi sleep 5 done # Check to see if the Power is on until $(timeout 2 dd if=${VDEV} of=/dev/null bs=4k count=1 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null ) do echo "Powering on STB" send KEY_POWER sleep ${WAIT_TIME} done # Change the channel for DIGIT in $(echo ${1} | sed -e 's/./& /g'); do send KEY_${DIGIT} done
Video Standard
Quoted from a user on mythtv-users
> I have a couple of HD PVR 1212 bought from ebay. One of the devices
> worked out of the box, however I could not get the other device to work.
> Poking with v4l2-ctl i see
> For working device:
> Video input : 0 (Component: ok)
> Audio input : 2 (SPDIF)
> Video Standard = 0x00000007
> For Non-working device:
> Video input : 0 (Component: ok)
> Audio input : 2 (SPDIF)
> Video Standard = 0x0000f900
> HD PVR-1212 doesnt seem to be a multi-PAL device (my video feed is
> PAL-B). This is news to me. The Hauppauge page
> (http://hauppauge.com/site/products/data_hdpvr.html) lists both PAL and
> NTSC formats.
> Can the video standard be changed?
> Is there a model number specific to the video standard supported?
> Thanks
I was able to change the Video standard of my non-working device using
v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 --set-standard=6
and now it works. Solved!"
And from Devin Heitmueller "By the way, you can run "v4l2-ctl --list-standards" to see the list of all standards supported by the device."
Some UK television providers (notably Virgin and Freesat) have restricted the HD-PVR and similar devices by selectively disabling the component outputs of their set top boxes. In the US, the Motion Picture Association of America has requested that the Federal Communications Commission allow providers to disable the component outputs of their devices when showing recently released movies. In the US, the FCC granted the waiver in specific conditions.


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You are currently browsing the monthly archive for September 2012.
A paper by Azevdo, Weyl and White in a recent issue of Theoretical Economics caught my eye. It establishes existence of Walrasian prices in an economy with indivisible goods, a continuum of agents and quasilinear utility. The proof uses Kakutani's theorem. Here is an argument based on an observation about extreme points of linear programs. It shows that there is a way to scale up the number of agents and goods, so that in the scaled up economy a Walrasian equilibrium exists.
First, the observation. Consider . The matrix and the RHS vector are all rational. Let be an optimal extreme point solution and the absolute value of the determinant of the optimal basis. Then, must be an integral vector. Equivalently, if in our original linear program we scale the constraints by , the new linear program has an optimal solution that is integral.
Now, apply this to the existence question. Let be a set of agents, a set of distinct goods and the utility that agent enjoys from consuming the bundle . Note, no restrictions on beyond non-negativity and quasi-linearity.
As utilities are quasi-linear we can formulate the problem of finding the efficient allocation of goods to agents as an integer program. Let if the bundle is assigned to agent and 0 otherwise. The program is
subject to
If we drop the integer constraints we have an LP. Let be an optimal solution to that LP. Complementary slackness allows us to interpret the dual variables associated with the second constraint as Walrasian prices for the goods. Also, any bundle such that must be in agent 's demand correspondence.
Let be the absolute value of the determinant of the optimal basis. We can write for all and where is an integer. Now construct an enlarged economy as follows.
Scale up the supply of each by a factor of . Replace each agent by clones. It should be clear now where this is going, but lets dot the i's. To formulate the problem of finding an efficient allocation in this enlarged economy let if bundle is allocated the clone of agent and zero otherwise. Let be the utility function of the clone of agent . Here is the corresponding integer program.
subject to
Its easy to see a feasible solution is to give for each and such that , the clones in a bundle . The optimal dual variables from the relaxation of the first program complements this solution which verifies optimality. Thus, Walrasian prices that support the efficient allocation in the augmented economy exist.


text:
Update, May 14th, 2019: It's been 7 years since I first published this post. Power Systems and PowerVM technology has progressed significantly since then. Hence the need for me to provide an update to this blog post. So, if you're planning on or you're already using Simplified Remote Restart (SRR) (and/or offline LPM), please do NOT enable ghostdev on your systems. If ghostdev is set to 1 and you attempt to use SRR (or offline LPM), the AIX LPAR will reset the ODM during boot. This is (most likely) not desired beahviour. If the ODM is cleared the system will need to be reconfigured so that TCP/IP and LVM are operational again. If you require a "ghostdev like" behaviour for your AIX disaster recovery (DR) process, I would recommend you set the sys0 attribute, clouddev, to 1, immediately after you have booted from your replicated rootvg. Rebooting your AIX system with this setting enabled will "Recreate ODM devices on next boot" and allow you to reconfigure your LPAR for DR. Once you've booted with clouddev=1 and reconfigured your AIX LPAR at DR, immediately disable clouddev (i.e. set it to 0, the default), so that the ODM is not cleared again on the next system reboot. Some more details on clouddev below.
"Details on the "ghostdev" version-2 function (aka clouddev) we need from AIX:
The desired behavior we want to see occur in AIX to manage resetting device-id naming in the OS is:
1) A user (or script run when installing 'cloud-init') runs: set /usr/sbin/chdev -l sys0 -a clouddev=1
2) AIX then defines the NVRAM variable "ibm,aix-clearODMdata" and sets it to false when that chdev command is run.
3) During AIX startup of ODM, if this clouddev flag is set, AIX looks for an "ibm,aix-clearODMdata" NVRAM variable and if it does not
exist, it sets it to true.
4) If the "ibm,aix-clearODMdata" flag is set to true during that boot, ODM will then do the same ghostdev-style cleanup and set
"ibm,aix-clearODMdata" to false when finished
This solution leverages the fact that NVRAM data is preserved across Live Partition Migration but not across the image/instance IaaS
lifecycle. It also means we are no longer dependent upon detecting different LPAR ids, i.e. we don't break if parent image is
deployed to same lpar-id on same host. It also means we no longer have to toggle the ghostdev setting at boot or AE reset (the goal
being no need to do any sort of reset, be able to do capture anytime)."
If you are looking for a more modern and automated solution for your AIX DR, I would highly recommend you take a look at theIBM VM Recovery Manager for IBM Power Systems. "Streamline site switches with a more economical, automated, easier to implement high availability and disaster recovery solution for IBM Power Systems."
---- Original Post from 2012 below ----
My team and I have recently been trying to stream line our AIX disaster recovery process. Weve been looking for ways to reduce our overall recovery time. Several ideas were tossed around such as a) using a standby DR LPAR with AIX already installed and using rsync/scp to keep the Prod & DR LPARs in sync and b) using alt_disk_copy (with the O flag for a device reset) to clone rootvg to an alternate disk which is then replicated to DR. These methods may work but are cumbersome to administer and (in the case of alt_disk_copy) require additional (permanent) resources on every production system. With over 120 production instances of AIX, the disk space requirements start to add up.
So far weve concluded that the best way to achieve our goal is by using SAN replicated rootvg volumes at our DR site.
Our current DR process relies on recovery of AIX systems from mksysb images from a NIM master. All our data (non-rootvg) LUNs are already replicated to our DR site. The aim was to change the process and recover our AIX images using replicated rootvg LUNs. This will reduce our overall recovery time at DR (which is crucial if we are to meet the proposed recovery time objectives set by our business). Based on current IBM documentation we were relatively comfortable with the proposed approach. The following IBM developerWorks article (originally published in 2009 and updated in late 2010) describes scenarios in which remapping, copying, and reuse of SAN disks is allowed and supported. More easily switch AIX environments from one system to another and help achieve higher availability and reduced down time. These scenarios also allow for fast deployment of new systems using cloning.
The document focuses on fully virtualised environments that utilise shared processors and VIO servers. One area where this document is currently lacking in information is the use of NPIV and virtual fibre channel adapters in a DR scenario. We reached out to our contacts in the AIX development space and asked the following question:
Hoping you can help us find some statements regarding support for a replicated rootvg environment using NPIV/Virtual Fibre Channel adapters?
The following IBM developerWorks article discusses VSCSI and we are looking for something similar for NPIV.
My guess is that restrictions similar to those for physical FC adapters will apply here? But I'm hoping that given the adapters are virtual the limitations may be relaxed.
Are you aware of any statement regarding support (or not) for booting from another system using a disk subsystem image of rootvg replicated to another disk subsystem when using NPIV? And what, if any, additional requirements/restrictions may apply when using NPIV?
We received the following responses:
There are some additional considerations when using NPIV for booting from a replicated rootvg. With NPIV the client partitions has virtual Fibre Channel adapter ports, but has physical access to the actual (physical) disk devices. There may be an increased chance of needing to update the boot list via the Open Firmware SMS menu. Since the clients have access to the actual disks, you have the possibility of running multipathing software besides AIX MPIO. If you are using a multipathing software to manage the NPIV attached disks besides AIX MPIO, then you should contact the vendor that provided the software to check their support statement,
Since one or more of the physical devices will change when booting from an NPIV replicated rootvg, it is recommend to set the ghostdev attribute. The ghostdev attribute will trigger when it detects the AIX image is booting from either a different partition or server. Ghostdev attribute should not trigger during LPM operations (Live Partition Mobility). Once triggered, ghostdev will clear the customized ODM database. This will cause detected devices to be discovered as new devices (with default settings), and avoid the issue with missing/stale device entries in ODM. Since ghostdev does clear the entire customized ODM database, this will require you import your data (non-rootvg) volume groups again, and perform any (device) attribute customization. To set ghostdev, run "chdev -l sys0 -a ghostdev=1". Ghostdev must be set before the rootvg is replicated.
Similar with virtual devices, the client partition is booting an existing rootvg where the hardware may be different. It's possible some applications have dependency on tracking the actual physical devices (instead of data on the disks). For example PowerHA, may keep track of a disk for a cluster health checks. If you do have applications that have a dependency on tracking physical devices, then additional setup (of those applications) may be required after the first boot from the replicated rootvg.
We do have multiple customers using NPIV for such scenarios. I believe most of them worked with IBM Lab Based Services to assist with implementing such a configuration, and some of the customers required some custom scripts to further customize their system after booting from the replicated rootvg. Those customers set the ghostdev attribute, and had custom scripts to import their data (non-rootvg) volume groups, and update PowerHA to point to the new health check disk.
You should get support for such an NPIV setup with IBM as long as you follow the considerations listed in the WhitePaper.
Development has approved using NPIV to do this for one customer. Below are more detailed requirements for this DR strategy using NPIV. If a Disaster Recovery (DR) environment not using PowerHA Enterprise Edition is used, then we believe the white paper located http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/aix/library/au-AIX_HA_SAN/index.html provides the guidelines in regards to setup, prerequisites, and as well as the limitations of such a DR deployment. Deployments as detailed in the white paper are supported by IBM. However note that such a deployment has many manually instituted responsibilities on the customer to setup and maintain such an environment. IBM expects that the customer carefully manage these manual steps without any mistakes. The White paper does not currently cover using NPIV in such a DR scenario.
We have the following guidelines regarding the configuration, which includes NPIV as an option: All of the system configuration should be virtualized, with the possible exception of disk devices when using NPIV. If NPIV is used then AIX MPIO must be used as the multi-pathing solution. If multi-pathing software is used besides AIX MPIO, then the vendor of that software must be contacted regarding a support statement. Install AIX (at least minimum required TLs/SPs for desired AIX version) and software stack (Middleware and applications) on primary systems, which is compatible with systems at both sites. Primary and secondary sites should be using systems with similar hardware, same microcode levels, and same VIOS levels.
Many manual steps are needed to setup the virtual and physical devices accurately on secondary site VIOS. If Virtual SCSI Disks are being used, then discover the unique identification on the primary site and map the disks to the corresponding replication disks. Map the same appropriately on VIOS on secondary site. Level of VIOS should support attribute to open the secondary devices passively. This setting needs to be setup correctly on the VIOS on secondary site. Operating environment should not have subnet dependencies. Manage the replication relationships accurately. Manually may need to switch the secondary disks to primary node. Raw disk usage may cause problems. Some middle ware products may bypass Operating system and use the disk directly. They might have their own restrictions for this environment. (e.g. anything that is device location code or storage LUN unique ID dependant may have issues when the cloned image is restarted on the secondary system with replicated storage).
Set the "ghostdev" attribute using chdev command (must be done on the primary). This attribute can be set using the command "chdev -l sys0 a ghostdev=1". The ghostdev attribute will delete customized ODM database on rootvg when AIX detects it has booted from a different LPAR or system. If the "ghostdev" attribute is not set, then the booting from the alternate site will result in devices in ODM showing up in "Defined" or "Missing" state.
After a failover to secondary site, may need to reset the boot device list for each LPAR before the boot of the LPAR using SMS menus of the firmware Note that this is not an exhaustive list of issues. Refer to the white paper and study the same as it applies to the environment. So as long as they are using MPIO, you're OK. If not using MPIO and some OEM storage, then the storage vendor must also support it.
While these responses indicate that this form of recovery is supported by IBM, we were still looking to IBM for clarity on the support position. It has been noted that other IBM customers have had mixed responses when contacting AIX support for feedback and assistance with this type of DR procedure. And its not hard to see why when you read statements like this from the Supported Methods of Duplicating an AIX System document:
Unsupported Methods
1. Using a bitwise copy of a rootvg disk to another disk.
This bitwise copy can be a one-time snapshot copy such as flashcopy, from one disk to another, or a continuously-updating copy method, such as Metro Mirror.
While these methods will give you an exact duplicate of the installed AIX operating system, the copy of the OS may not be bootable. A typical scenario where this is tried is when one system is a production host and there is a desire to create a duplicate system at a disaster recovery site in a remote location.
2. Removing the rootvg disks from one system and inserting into another.
This also applies to re-zoning SAN disks that contain the rootvg so another host can see them and attempt to boot from them.
Why don't these methods work?
The reason for this is there are many objects in an AIX system that are unique to it; Hardware location codes, World-Wide Port Names, partition identifiers, and Vital Product Data (VPD) to name a few. Most of these objects or identifiers are stored in the ODM and used by AIX commands.
If a disk containing the AIX rootvg in one system is copied bit-for-bit (or removed), then inserted in another system, the firmware in the second system will describe an entirely different device tree than the AIX ODM expects to find, because it is operating on different hardware. Devices that were previously seen will show missing or removed, and usually the system will typically fail to boot with LED 554 (unknown boot disk).
So, as a secondary objective, we have been working closely with our local IBM representatives to obtain some surety from IBM that our proposed DR strategy for AIX is fully supported by both the AIX development and support teams.
With that in mind Ill provide an overview of our new DR approach and hope that it offers others insight to alternative method for recovery and also to assist IBM in further understanding what some of the larger AIX customers are looking for in terms of simplified AIX disaster recovery.
What follows is a detailed description of our IBM AIX, PowerVM/Power Systems environment, the proposed recovery steps and other items for consideration.
Our Environment:
- AIX 5.3*, 6.1 & 7.1 - 5300-12-04-1119, 6100-06-05-1115 and 7100-01-04-1216.
- VIOS 18.104.22.168 both production and DR.
- VIOS physical FC adapters both production and DR - 8Gb PCI Express Dual Port FC Adapter (5735) Firmware level: 2.00X7.
- All client LPARs utilise Virtual FC adapters (NPIV) for disk storage.
- Production: POWER7 795 (9119-FHB). Firmware level: AH730_078.
- DR: POWER6 595 (9119-FHA). Firmware level: EH350_120.
- HDS VSP storage at both production and DR sites.
- AIX MPIO only HDS ODM driver is installed (devices.fcp.disk.Hitachi.array.mpio.rte) HDLM is not installed.
- Production: Dual VIOS.
- DR: Single VIOS.
- Production: LUNs are mapped directly to client LPARs via NPIV, virtual FC adapter pass thru via dual VIOS. MPIO is in use i.e. one path per VIOS/Physical FC.
- DR: LUNs are mapped directly to client LPARs via NPIV, virtual FC adapter pass thru via a single VIOS. i.e. single path only.
- Please refer to the following table for a summary of the environment details.
Our Recovery Procedure:
1. - Change the sys0 ghostdev attribute value to 1 on the source production AIX system. Set the "ghostdev" attribute using chdev command (must be done on the primary). This attribute can be set using the command "chdev -l sys0 a ghostdev=1". The ghostdev attribute will delete customized ODM database on rootvg when AIX detects it has booted from a different LPAR or system.
2. - Take note of the source systems rootvg hdisk PVID.
3. - Select the source production rootvg LUN for replication on the HDS VSP.
4. - Replicate the LUN from the production site to the DR HDS VSP.
5. - In a DR test, suspend HDS replication from production to DR.
6. - Assign the replicated LUN to the target LPAR on the DR POWER6 595 i.e. map the LUN to the WWPN of the virtual FC adapter on the DR LPAR.
7. - Attempt to boot the DR LPAR using the replicated rootvg LUN. If necessary, enter SMS menu to update the boot list i.e. select the correct boot disk, check for the same PVID as the source host.
8. - Once the LPAR has successfully booted, the AIX administrator would configure the necessary devices i.e. import data volume groups, configure network interfaces, etc. This may also be scripted for execution during the first boot process.
9. - Please refer to the following diagrams for a visual representation of the proposed process.
Some Notes/Caveats:
The following is a list of items that we understand are possible limitations and issues with our new DR process.
- Booting from replicated rootvg disks may fail for several reasons, such as, a) there is unexpected corruption in the replicated LUN image due to rootvg not being quiesced during replication or b) there is a unidentified issue with the AIX system that is only apparent the next time the system is booted; this could be mis-configuration by the administrator or some other unforseen problem.
- In the event that an LPAR fails to boot via a replicated rootvg LUN, a backup method is available for recovery. Switching back to manual NIM mksysb restore provides a sufficient backup should the replicated rootvg be unusable.
- If the "ghostdev" attribute is not set, then booting from the DR site will result in devices in the ODM showing up in a "Defined" or "Missing" state.
- Once a DR test is completed, the DR LPAR should be de-activated immediately so that SAN disk replication can be restarted between production and DR. Failure to perform this step may result in the DR LPAR failing as a result of file system corruption.
- At present we are using AIX MPIO only. There is discussion of using HDLM in the future. We will contact HDS for a support statement regarding booting from replicated rootvg LUNs with HDLM installed.
- The ghostdev attribute is not implemented in AIX 5.3. AIX 5.3 is no longer supported*.
So far all of our testing has been successful. We verified that we could replicate an SOE rootvg image of AIX 6.1 and 7.1 to DR and successfully boot an LPAR using the replicated disk. Based on these tests there doesnt appear to be anything stopping us from using this method for DR purposes. The following table outlines the different versions of AIX we tested and the results.
Once the system was booted we needed to perform some post boot configuration tasks. These tasks were handled by two scripts that were called from /etc/inittab. On the source system we installed the new scripts (in /etc) and added new entries to the /etc/inittab file. These scripts only run if the systemid matches that of the DR systemid. Note: Only partial contents of each script are shown belowbut you get the idea.
# mkitab -i srcmstr "AIXDRimportvg:2:once:/etc/AIX_DRimportvg.ksh > /dev/console 2>&1 #Reconfigure the system for DR on boot."
# mkitab -i srcmstr "AIXDRconfig:2:once:/etc/AIX_DRconfig.ksh > /dev/console 2>&1 #Reconfigure the system for DR on boot."
# lsitab -a | grep DR
AIXDRconfig:2:once:/etc/AIX_DRconfig.ksh > /dev/console 2>&1 #Reconfigure the system for DR on boot.
AIXDRimportvg:2:once:/etc/AIX_DRimportvg.ksh > /dev/console 2>&1 #Reconfigure the system for DR on boot.
#set -xv
# This script will configure the AIX environment for DR purposes.
# This script will only run if the systemid matches the systemid of the DR system.
# aixdr : / # lsattr -EOl sys0 -a systemid | grep -v systemid | awk -F, '{print $2}'
# 0211D11C1 = DR POWER System
MYNAME=$(basename $0)
LSATTR_SYSTEMID_DR=`lsattr -EOl sys0 -a systemid | grep -v systemid | awk -F, '{print $2}'`
if [ "$LSATTR_SYSTEMID_DR" = "$DR_SYSTEMID" ]
#Set the DR hostname, IP address, netmask and gateway.
#mktcpip -h <hostname> -a <IP to use in DR> -m <network mask> -i en0 -g <gateway IP>
#en0:10.1.5.99:255.255.252.0:10.1.1.10,255.255.255.0 10.2.2.10,255.255.255.0
dr_hostname=`cat /usr/local/dr/dr_hostname.txt`
dr_defgw=`cat /usr/local/dr/dr_defgw.txt`
dr_intf=`cat /usr/local/dr/dr_en0.txt | awk -F: 'print $1}'`
dr_ip=`cat /usr/local/dr/dr_en0.txt | awk -F: 'print $2}'`
dr_netm=`cat /usr/local/dr/dr_en0.txt | awk -F: 'print $3}'`
echo "$MYNAME: Setting DR hostname and IP address."
mktcpip -h $dr_hostname -a $dr_ip -m $dr_netm -i $dr_intf -g $dr_defgw
#Configure IP aliases
#chdev -l en0 -a alias4=10.1.1.10,255.255.255.0
#Remove IP aliases
#chdev -l en0 -a delalias4=10.1.1.10,255.255.255.0
for i in `cat /usr/local/dr/dr_en0.txt | awk -F: '{print $4}'`
chdev -l $dr_intf -a alias4=$i
for inet in `cat dr_inet.txt | grep -v en0`
for i in `cat /usr/local/dr/dr_$inet.txt | awk -F: '{print $4}'`
chdev -l $inet -a alias4=$i
#Configure the AIX environment for DR.
echo "$MYNAME: Configure the AIX environment for DR."
#Delete the MDC DNS entries
echo "$MYNAME: Configuring DNS for DR."
namerslv -d -i 10.1.6.21
namerslv -d -i 10.1.4.21
namerslv -d -i 10.1.5.21
#Add the DR DNS entry
namerslv -a -i 10.1.7.38
echo "$MYNAME: Configuring bootlist for DR."
bootlist -m normal -o
bootlist -m normal hdisk0
bootlist -m normal -o
echo "$MYNAME: Configuring /etc/inittab for DR."
lsitab -a | grep nim
chitab "nimclient:2:off:/usr/sbin/nimclient -S running > /dev/console 2>&1 # inform nim we're running"
lsitab -a | grep nim
MYNAME=$(basename $0)
echo "$MYNAME: The systemid $LSATTR_SYSTEMID_DR does not match the expected DR systemid of $DR_SYSTEMID."
echo "$MYNAME: This script should only be executed at DR."
echo "$MYNAME: If you are not booting the system at the DR site, then you can ignore this message."
echo "$MYNAME: No changes have been perfomed. Script is exiting."
The ghostdev attribute essentially provides us with a clean ODM and allows the system to discover new devices and build the ODM from scratch. If you attempt to boot from a replicated rootvg disk without first setting the ghostdev attribute, your system may fail to boot (hang at LED 554) because of a new device tree and/or missing devices. You might be able to recover from this situation (without restoring from mksysb) by performing the steps outlined on pages 16-20 of the following document (thanks to Dominic Lancaster at IBM for the presentation).


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You will require this approval if you are the owner or occupier of any land and intend to install a manufactured home, moveable dwelling, temporary shelter or other similar structure.
A manufactured home is a cabin, shack or other structure which is comprised of one or more sections. These sections are typically constructed and assembled in a different location from where they are erected. A manufactured home must include at least one bedroom, living area, kitchen, bathroom, toilet and laundry facility.
A structure cannot be counted as a manufactured home if it can be registered as a vehicle.
A moveable dwelling is any tent, caravan, van or other portable structure used for human habitation. An associated structure is any carport, shed, verandah or other structure designed to enhance a moveable dwelling.
A licence defines the need to obtain recognition / certification and registration to undertake a certain business activity.
To be eligible for this approval you will be required to provide details of the size, location and any Development Consents, Complying Development or Construction Certificates applicable to installing a manufactured home, moveable dwelling or associated structure.
As specified on the approval.
Fees Details for this service in table format.
Please contact the council for more information.
Local Government Act 1993 New South Wales
Local Government (Manufactured Home Estates, Caravan Parks, Camping Grounds and Moveable Dwellings) Regulation 2021 New South Wales
Mosman Municipal Council
Contact Email, Phone and Address Details for this service in simple two column table format, header then data.
Mosman Municipal Council


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Plano-Convex (PCX) Lenses have a positive focal length, making them ideal for collecting and focusing light in imaging applications. They are also useful in a variety of applications involving emitters, detectors, lasers, and fiber optics. Coated versions have optimum light transmission. Available in a wide variety of diameters and focal lengths.
These uncoated lenses are ideal for a multitude of optics and photonics applications, as well as biotech instruments such as DNA sequencers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing platforms.


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Your web browser is not accepting cookies.
A cookie is a very small text-only string that gets entered into the memory of your browser. It cannot be used as a virus, it cannot access your hard drive, and it is not a threat to your privacy. Your browser can save a cookie to your hard disk if it needs to, but that is the limit of the effect on your system.
Once cookies have been enabled, please go back and submit your request again.


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G Mini
G Mini is a male genie from Mundania. He was mentioned in Ghost Writer in the Sky.
G Mini is a character in a discarded story by Goar. They are a small pair of twin genies.
Character notes
Human men and women will not have a species in their entries. Also, if the surname of the character is the character's species, it was dropped.
If the character is a child, it will be in the description. The child will more than likely be an adult by this time in the Xanth series.
Many species are single gender, so their entries will not mention it. The species are Fury, Muse, basilisk, cenmaid, cenmare, cockatrice, dryad, maenad, sand witch, sandman, and woodwife. Harpies and nymphs are usually female, and fauns are usually male; but there have been a few exceptions that are noted.
In some instances, I have made educated guesses on gender, species, and some birth years.


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You will earn 6.1 WayPoints for each product that you purchase.
Specially designed for trackwork built with Fast Tracks assembly fixtures, QuickSticks laser cut ties lets you construct fully complete, ready-to-run Nn3 wyes right at your workbench!
Using our track assembly fixtures you build what we call a "skeleton". This skeleton will have PC Board ties located at key locations to keep the piece of trackwork in gauge. To finish the trackwork, our Laser Cut QuickSticks are used. With a single step all the remaining wood ties are added to the pre-built skeleton and the trackwork is ready to be installed.
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QuickSticks are cut from Baltic Birch plywood custom sawn in Finland specifically for Fast Tracks. Just like the protoype, the wood grain on our QuickSticks ties runs perpendicular to the rails. The ties are 0.04" (1mm), 6 scale inches thick and 0.06" (1.5mm) 9 scale inches wide. They will match all popular commercially available wood ties, including wood ties available from Fast Tracks. The ties will also match all popular commercial track, trackwork completed with QuickSticks will be compatibile with these products.
Gluing QuickSticks to trackwork.
QuickSticks laser cut ties are designed to be glued to the rails using using Pliobond glue. This type of adhesive will provide a very reliable bond that will increase in strength over time.
Get a head start by downloading the QuickSticks builders guide now.
In addition to an extensive Q&A section, we also offer a full library of track building documents.
Visit our growing collection of track building demonstration videos.


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Natural Or Chemical Mosquito Repellents. Which Is Better For Travellers?
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Hi all,
Just a kind of thing I am picking up...The latest vid from Jundo about the need to give is, in my eyes, spot on. He says "perhaps", Jundo is very kind and mild.
Let me be a bit more straight forward and direct than usual: in this community, a lot of people love receiving support, advice, guidance, teachings, and it's all free! It is all free because we want it to be free and we get our income another way.
Very few comments on this vid. In fact we like to take and not to give, don't we all?
Well guys, blablabla and koans and this and that are about the wondrous and humble Boddhistava activity. I don't give a s... about your mastering of the subtle Buddhist philosophy, the fact that you can talk the talk... I really mind about how it translates in your life, your hands and the way you use what is in your pocket. We don't want it in our pockets, it is not for Jundo or Taigu: the world needs your action, your deeds.
I wrote this on another thread:
Please, time to do some work in the community and help in many ways, including with your green energy ( money)Hi all,
orWading through threads are hard to follow. For practical purposes, maybe a new thread for rakusu n00bies where we can go and ask a question(s) or a simple pdf/txt file with a beginner's how-to for the rakusu.
Thank you for your interesting suggestions. I kind of understand the difficulties of starting sewing: I was not born with a needle in my hands......maybe we can have a live web feed where folks can follow a rakusu sewing class...step by step?
It is part of the process to meet resistance, not the lack of help or inadequate wording or instructions of teachers, but our OWN resistance which is a byproduct of our beliefs. No live classes, or ready-made thread will do. Maybe, I should also buy a plane ticket and come to you to show you how to do it :wink: ???
These days, people get it too easy. In a not so distant past, wading through mountains, walking weeks and months, begging food and bowing in the mud had to be done and experienced to sew a single kesa and study with a teacher.
We are obviously too addicted to a mouse click.
That's all I have to say. It is a very good test at the very gate of our true self.
So...just get on with it


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My name is MARLY If you want to spend moments of escape full of sweetness, join me Downtown in my Zen and magical universe You can receive tantric massage and moments of relaxation. .domination HOMEWOOD
Hello, My name is Amandine, I am American and I am 29 years old. Very sweet young woman with a lot of humor. I will make you spend a pleasant moment of exchange and sharing all in sensuality. I receive in a cosy apartment located in the center of Tours. I have an irreproachable hygiene, for you gentlemen, bathroom and clean towels at your disposal. My photos are 100% real and recent, you will not be disappointed. You can contact me for more information, by CALL only. I don't answer to hidden calls or SMS. Respectful men are only welcome, for the rest I will not follow up. See you soon, Amandine
Pretty young woman distinguished Very pleasant company Seeks mature man, who can take care of a woman and vice versa. No prostitution but rather a consensual exchange Occasional meetings
Hello I suggest you to spend a good time together with respect of course. The amount of massage tenderness .... Find me at the number below
Hello, Young metro 28 years old, very tall, respectful open-minded and funny, not bad, seeks to meet mature Caribbean women. I travel and receive, it's for fun so free.
hello I am a sensual and sweet flower of Africa I propose you to share an erotic moment of great sensuality, I am listening to your desires. I put, my sexy body with hyper sensual forms, my soft pulpy and generous lips at your disposal. I promise you a magic moment of tenderness, softness and sex that will make you forget all your problems. come to live a pure moment of magic and share our pleasure! Sexy and naughty tender kiss! Ps if you're not serious please pass thank you
Hello, Homme offers itself to you for your moments of relaxation or more..... Do not hesitate any more, you will not be disappointed.
Hello, I am Tara very Beautiful Blonde Girl of Hungarian origin on Homewood. I am located, metro line 8 La Tour Maubourg or Invalides, in a nice quiet and secure area. I am a Young Girl of 24 years old with a nice body that will make you Dream. You can already appreciate my pictures. I like men who have respect with good hygiene. I practice complete massages, I take the time so that you will not be disappointed in your moment of relaxation. RELAXATION ASSURED. Do not hesitate to contact me for more information. I wish you a good day, the photos are 100% real, no surprises!
Hello My name is Sarah I'm 26 years old I am a beautiful Mayotte woman with generous shapes, very friendly and good company I would be satisfying your desire 100% real picture New in town I receive in small lingerie I also offer a massage service Does not respond to mask numbers. Thank you for making an appointment 20min before I propose you a moment of relaxation shower at your disposal possibility to take a shower with the masseuse. I receive from 09h to 22h30 Nb: I do not answer the masked call.
very beautiful pulpy maghrebian woman looking for you a moneyslave followed or occasional. live pics videos.
hello I am a very attractive woman with soft skin and a clear complexion caramel I am passing by your home for very beautiful meetings.