text:
Arctic Gold
The best bet I ever lost was with Andy Burr over which of us was crazy enough to jump off the 50-plus-foot Henningsvaser, Norway, bridge. At home I jump into the Colorado River after nearly every climbing trip, and at my first look at the bridge, I said, "I've run bigger waterfalls than this in my kayak. I'm jumping in."
The best bet I ever lost was with Andy Burr over which of us was crazy enough to jump off the 50-plus-foot Henningsvaser, Norway, bridge.
At home I jump into the Colorado River after nearly every climbing trip, and at my first look at the bridge, I said, "I've run bigger waterfalls than this in my kayak. I'm jumping in."
Then I walked out onto the bridge and actually looked at it, and at the tiny fishermen below, and suddenly wasn't quite so brave. I voiced concern about the ocean currents. "I also don't want to tick off the locals," I added.
"I'll do it for a steak dinner," Andy said.
"It's on!"
He nodded, and said almost nothing, just walked partway out the bridge, shucked off his pants, and plunged. He stuck the landing like a pro, but the cold salty water 200 miles north of the Arctic Circle took his breath away, and pounded him. For the next 10 days we heard, "Oh, my coccyx!" every time our van hit a bump.
Best of all, I still haven't paid up.
How I found myself thousands of miles from home avoiding leaping off bridges with Andy Burr was simple: a friend had sent me a photo from the Lofoten Islands of Norway. In the image, he is about 1,000 feet above Carribbean-blue water, feet pasted to a perfect-looking dihedral. While everyone agreed the area looked amazing, nobody I spoke with had ever been there.
What little info I could find during hours on the Internet and phone calls to friends and magazine editors turned up much on that one route, located in the Presten area, and almost nothing on anything else. Hearsay held that Norway's magical islands hosted thousands of Yosemite-quality routes from 200 to 2,500 feet tall, in a perfect setting with no crowds, all in a highly developed country where people spoke impeccable English. I decided that at least there was one route there, and shelled out $1,200 for a plane ticket. The only other alleged negative was that Norway was crazy expensive and it rained a lot.
Always the optimist, I set about recruiting the first four like-minded climbers I could find.
Rob Pizem was in as soon as I called. For some reason Rob trusts my judgment and every year he agrees to a trip off the grid with me. So far I hadn't killed him, and 24-hour daylight appealed to him because he could climb nonstop and never sleep. Ari Menitove is an educated geotech engineer, so unfortunately he doesn't simply take what I say on blind faith. He insisted on a little research himself and came back with the conclusion that the climbing looked amazing but that he was troubled by the weather and cost. Anyone who's ever met my wife knows that I am obviously a very good salesperson: I convinced her to spend the rest of her life with me. So how hard could it be to get Ari to ignore the Weather Channel? A couple of phone calls later, he was in.
Brian Heppner is the UPS driver for my shop, a sports store in Avon, Colorado. I've invited him to the Bugaboos, the Ruth, Corsica, Cuba, Mexico and several other far-flung places but he works 60 hours a week and has a wife and son, so he usually can't go. When he informed me that my proposed dates landed about two weeks after Mrs. Heppner was due with their second child, I crossed him off the list. Much to my surprise, two days later he called to say he was in. Brian is obviously a very good salesman, too.
I also asked Andy Burr, a climber and photographer friend. I always tell him that if he had any talent he could take a picture that actually makes me look like I can climb.
He tells me, "There's only so much you can do with digital technology." But he also said he was in.
While you can fly to Oslo and take an overnight train and bus ride to reach Lofoten, we instead traveled to Kiruna, Sweden, rented a car and bought groceries in this substantially less expensive neighboring country. Within 10 minutes of leaving the tiny airport in our minibus, we had our first of many moments showing we were far from home: a reindeer running right down the middle of the road.
An hour or so later we had carts full of food, pans, drink and everything else we could think of, and were on the road for Lofoten. The reports of food prices seemed exaggerated, as our entire bill came to 2,547 Kroner (about $380), not too bad for five hungry boys for a couple weeks. Oh, yeah, but then there was the beer. Mr. Burr never likes to go too long without his "medicine." So as soon as we left the grocery store, our next mission was to find Andy some good Scandinavian brew, and holy smokes, beer was $30 a six-pack. The Red Bull that I bought cost just as much, so my recommendation is to go with neither. We spent as much on beer as groceries.
As we crossed into Norway, the terrain changed to craggy rock formations. The general appearance of everything was simply more rugged. But just in case we didn't know we were in Norway, we came across a 35-foot troll in the parking lot of a restaurant, and somehow decided it would be a shame not to climb it to celebrate our arrival in Norse land. As Brian executed a perfect dyno to the troll's little finger, however, we discovered that the entire thing was made of Styrofoam. The finger flexed under the load, ready to snap. Fortunately, Brian was able to reverse his V5 move, an Ugly American incident was averted, and we hurried on to the coast.
Eventually our rolling circus hit the quaint fishing village of Svolvær, Lofoten's main town. As I attempted to navigate Svolvær's roundabouts, and figure out where the nearest campground was, Rob shouted, "Hey, that's the Goat!" Parking at the town cemetery, gazing up at the formation, we debated whether to try our first climb. We had been traveling nonstop for a day and a half. On the other hand, the weather was absolutely perfect and there wasn't another climber in sight. Why wouldn't we climb? Oh, did I mention it was midnight? Located between the 68th and 69th parallel, Lofoten is blessed with 24-hour daylight in the summer. I was wearing sunglasses. With no reasonable excuses to speak of (nobody ever died from lack of sleep), we threw together a rack and stumbled up the approach trail, only to find that we weren't the only ones there after all.
Looming tall above the busiest port in the Lofoten chain of islands, Svolværgeita (or the Goat, as it's usually called) has beckoned courageous Scandinavians for hundreds of years. With its two blocky "horns" sitting atop a 400-foot slab, the Goat was first climbed in 1910 and is still a prize today, as evidenced by the fact that we encountered eight other climbers on our midnight journey.
In order to earn your Viking cap for climbing the Goat, one has to jump from the higher to the lower horn, a gap about eight feet wide, dropping four feet. The landing zone is down-sloping and the size of a sheet of plywood. If you blow the landing you're not going to die but it will certainly wreck your day. The stone lived up to the hype, the climbing was fun and engaging, and the positioning was otherworldly, with the port town lit up below us, red, blue and yellow colors glowing in the midnight sun. But the highlight of the Goat was laughing as four experienced climbers whimpered, moaned and made excuses about jumping the little gap between the horns. The fact that hundreds have jumped unroped, people have been married on top and every imaginable stunt has been done there reminded us of how silly rock climbing is in the first place.
"It's impossible!" Rob swore. "It's terrifying. It's not worth getting killed on." Rob has climbed hard 5.13 trad.
We finally threw in the towel and just enjoyed the incredible views.
Brian has an uncanny ability not to get lost. I, on the other hand, pretty much know only up, down, left and right, and even those are sometimes guesses. So even though I questioned every turn, a short time after leaving the Goat we pulled into the climbers' campground on the beach of Kallebukta. Within walking distance of several 200- to 600-foot outcrops situated on a little bay, the camping was complete with water and a toilet, and it was free. Even though it was nearly 3:00 a.m., people were milling about and nobody batted an eye as we set up camp and began cooking dinner or breakfast or whatever it is you call it at that hour. The excellent Rockfax guidebook Lofoten Rock by Chris Craggs and Thorbjørn Enevold told us that Kallebukta is a central location for the bulk of Lofoten's climbs, so we decided to call it home over the next week or so of our 12-day visit.
Brian and Ari had brought their trusty fishing rods and, as another budgetary measure, were intent on catching our meals. The saying goes that Norway is the only country in the world where the banks are never locked, as the national currency, codfish, is left drying by the millions outside on racks, free for anybody to plunder. Surrounded by water and constantly reminded of the abundance of fish by those visible on the racks, the two of them cast their lines into the sea day after day while Rob, Andrew and I taunted them about the lack of fruit for their labor. In the end, we laid off when their persistence did yield one catch. Not positive what the legal size for keeping a fish was, they decided to play it safe and released the monster back into the ocean. It was at least four inches long.
Behind us lay the crag of Paradiset, with its standout Butter Arms, a short and steep 5.13 that provided an afternoon of air time falling off the crux moves because of butter arms. Odin's Bue, a 600-foot arching crack comprised of five solid pitches of 5.11 and a short scramble to the top, was a 10-minute walk up the road from our tent. With its short approach and high visibility, Odin's is a sought-after tick for entry into Lofoten's harder climbs. Ari and I ventured the 45 minutes up to Vågarisset ("The Daring Crack") for 250 feet of perfect 5.10++ #5 and #6 Camalot splitter. I figured the climb would be no problem as Ari the offwidth slayer was my secret weapon. However, arriving at the base of the climb, we quickly realized that we were woefully under-racked. Option A was to turn around, do the scramble of shame and boulder on the many 15- to 40-foot eggs scattered about the dry bay beneath us. This was unacceptable. Option B was for us, which meant Ari, to sack up and run it out 40 or so feet over a pretty solid-looking #6. This seemed like a great plan to me. Neither one really appealed to Ari, so we sat there stewing until Option C showed up in the form of three Norwegian climbers.
If you've never met Ari, let's just say that he has a rather distinct look. Most people who read climbing magazines have seen a picture of him, typically on some heinous-looking offwidth, gritting his teeth and sporting thick Buddy Holly glasses. Seems Ari's offwidth-master status even extended across the pond because the arriving Nords looked at him sideways and ventured: "You look just like that guy on the big cracks in the magazines." Then our newfound friends lent us all their large gear.
Ari scampered up the crack, clipped the anchor and let me know that I was on belay. I assured the locals that we'd be back with their rack in a few minutes. Only problem was that my constant whimpering for Ari to "Up rope!" caused their #5 to walk so far back in the crack that it was all I could do to unclip the rope from the draw. After hanging for a few minutes in an attempt to retrieve the cam, I told myself that we'd just get it on the way down. Our brilliant solution was to simul-rap, tie two nut tools together, lasso the cam and repeatedly throw a sling with nuts across the lobes, which in turn would retract enough to move the entire rig about .5 mm. Forty-six throws later we had moved the thing enough for me, just barely, to reach and rescue it from the depths of the chasm. We returned the gear slightly embarrassed, and sore from hanging, but proud to have averted another international incident.
About a 10-minute drive to the other side of Kallebukta's peninsula we found a gold mine of crags right off the road. We sampled awesome two- to four-pitch lines at Festvag and Gandalf with the common theme being perfect rock, bomber pro, short approaches and fun, moderate climbing mostly from 5.8 to easy 5.11. There are hundreds of lines with either new rappel anchors or short walk-offs. On the 50 or so pitches that we climbed, we only pulled on one loose hold, or rather Ari did.
We had been told that the local ethic was ground up, on-sight. Any time it gets hard, I just revert back to my French roots (Brumbaugh, oui) and pull on gear. Ari, however, digs deep and will fight to the bitter end. As Rob and I watched from the adjacent 5.10 hand crack, offering friendly support like, "Dang, Ari, those RPs below you look pretty sketchy," Ari up and down-climbed the techy, thin 5.12 crux Riz Raz multiple times. As his tips and feet slowly faded, he finally committed to the one move he couldn't reverse, hucked for the finishing jug and got it. Only problem was, the jug exploded and Ari flew down the wall.
"Do it again, do it again!" was all Rob and I could muster up.
Ari ran back up the line and sent next go.
Just before we crossed that first bridge to Henningsvaer, we stopped in the parking lot that serves as the casting-off point for a path leading east back toward Kallebukta. If you don't mind longer approaches, miles of walls are just waiting to be discovered here. Given our time constraints, we opted to repeat Vårkåt (Spring Lust), a 5.11+ on the Jomfru Pillaren. Vårkåt climbs a distinct splitter crack system up a 500-foot buttress and sees little traffic even though the guidebook lists it as one of "Lofoten's Top 50." The book called the line "unmistakable," stating, "The whole line has been thoroughly cleaned so there is little chance of getting lost."
As we rounded the corner and the buttress came into view, my eye flew to a striking line right of center.
"That will never go," both Rob and Brian insisted.
With my big mouth, I talked our less opinionated navigators out of their directions and had us completely off route within minutes, stuck on scary traverses with some minor trundling thrown in before we were back where we were supposed to be, loving every inch of the five-pitch 5.11+ line. The route was mostly thin hands and fingers, but the obligatory 50-foot offwidth kept us honest.
I ran the last two pitches together in an attempt to save time. Nearing the top of the cliff, I could find absolutely no option for a belay. The wind picked up, the rest of the boys were nearly a 70-meter ropelength below me, and they couldn't hear a thing I was saying.
"Sla-a-ack!!! How much rope do I have?"
I never heard any response except, every so often, a muffled, "Did you say off belay?"
I stood for what seemed like an eternity, with a whole lot of prayer and contemplation, then finally made the last moves (which of course ended up being all of 5.9) to a small ledge, set up a belay, and brought up Rob and Andrew, now cold and uncomfortable after hanging out for an hour.
"What in the world took so long?" they asked.
As we flipped through Lofoten Rock, we kept reading praises for Vestpillaren as a favorite route. Climbing it via the original finish, rated 5.11, our crew compared the line to the Moonlight Buttress, Astroman, the Rainbow Wall, the Rostrum, Fine Line, etc. Brian described the texture of the rock as "skateboard grip tape that doesn't chew your hands." Though warned that the line got crowded, and it was a perfect day, we only encountered one other party on the entire formation. Whether the grade is at your limit or a cruiser day for you, the moves are always fun and you are never far from belay-worthy gear. The summit register was written in a language none of us could read, except for one repeated word: "FANTASTICK." Upon topping out, we were treated to an amazing 1.5-hour hike back to the car with 360-degree views of emerald green water and thousands of little islands sporting a lifetime's worth of climbing potential.
All of us love to climb for different reasons. Rob's main drive is to put up new routes. After scouring the guidebook for virgin lines, we voted to check out Lillemola, an uninhabited island a 10- to 20-minute boat ride from the main port town of Svolvær. The only drawback was that Lillemola had no fresh water source (thus the uninhabited part) and we needed to find a boat. Andy and Brian spoke with numerous commercial-tour-boat operators, who were enduring the off-season and excited to hear our plans, and we soon had seats on a 35-foot twin-225-horsepower boat for only $50 total. Ten minutes after leaving port we were on a white sandy beach below a 1,000-foot wall shooting right out of the green ocean.
While we walked our bags from the boat to basecamp, we noticed a gurgling sound coming from the bushes. Drinking from the perfectly clear stream, we chuckled at the time we'd just spent rounding up bottled water. We were also surprised to hear a lawn mower coming from the yard just up the beach. The beta on our uninhabited island with no drinking water was a little off.
The stone and the setting, however, were spot on. Our private wall had only one route already, a 5.10 A2. We spotted several worthy objectives, but nearly all looked like they would require a lot of bolts (seriously frowned on by the locals) and time (a dwindling commodity). After a good bit of debate we settled on a series of cracks just left of center.
We rotated shifts gardening and scrubbing the first two pitches, which were completely overgrown with grass. Being unprepared for such a major cleaning project, we were stoked that the one house on the island had a friendly owner. He let us "borrow" a brand-new screwdriver and brush; when we returned the tools, the screwdriver looked like an ice pick and the bristled broom resembled a toothbrush. Our apologies and attempts to pay him for the tools were only met with smiles and his assurance that he was happy to have contributed to the climb.
Our new route followed a prominent left-leaning crack system for 500 feet of straightforward climbing on perfect rock. At mid-height, we handed the rack to Ari for a stellar bit of routefinding and he linked the line into a splitter through the upper headwall. Man Hands went at 5.11.
Another great thing about Lofoten is that cell coverage is pretty much everywhere. So when we finished our project earlier than planned, we simply called up our boat ride. A couple of hours later we were headed toward Stetind, known as the national mountain of Norway.
A friend of mine had sent me a book on the Stetind and none of us believed what it said. The Mountain's South Pillar is by far the most popular route, with about 1,800 feet of 5.10 climbing—this seemed reasonable. What seemed impossible, however, was that the north face boasts a 50-pitch route 4,900 feet long. That would be Half Dome sitting on top of El Cap. When we caught our first glimpse, we were overwhelmed to step out of a car, walk 50 yards, and stand beneath a rock wall that is 380 feet short of a vertical mile.
The north face would have to wait for a return trip, as we simply didn't have enough time. The South Pillar, however, was calling our names. We had been told that there was a staunch anti-bolting attitude in Norway, and it was confirmed at the huge kiosk at the base of the Stetind. Written in Norwegian, English, German, Spanish, French and Italian, a sign stated, "All bolts and permanent installations are strictly forbidden." Our fears of routefinding on such a massive wall were soon allayed as we came across multiple museum-worthy relics in the form of rusty pitons. In the first several pitches alone, a couple dozen pins stuck out from the rock. We found it strange that while installing new hardware that might actually hold body weight was verboten, rusty junk littered the national mountain. Oh, well, it wasn't our battle, and we just decided to enjoy the climb.
As the approach cut off over half of Stetind's vertical relief, the moment we began climbing we were 2,000 feet off the deck, above a stark blue fjord leading straight out into the ocean. The higher we climbed, the better the route became, and the more amazing the views. The highlight of the line came a few hundred feet below the summit in the form of a 100-foot #3 splitter followed by a slightly overhanging offwidth roof. Cutting your feet loose on a perfect hand jam above 4,000 feet of granite shooting out of a fjord was something none of us had ever experienced before. Standing on top, we could see all the way back to the peaks surrounding Svolvær, five hours away, basking in the sense that we were ending a perfect journey. We had climbed hundreds of pitches of clean granite and even scored a new route. The weather had been nearly perfect, providing us with sunny days and just enough rain to rest our weary tips. The people treated us warmly and we'd avoided insulting them. No one had been hurt aside from Andy's tailbone.
The only thing left to do was head back to Sweden and fly home. Everybody had warned me that speeding is taken very seriously in Norway. After two weeks, though, I had become immune to the speed-limit signs, certain that the reports were overblown. When I was pulled over, I was still hopeful, even after 20 minutes of trying to bargain with the cop were unsuccessful. When I learned that I was going only 12 kilometers—seven miles—over the limit, I figured it would be no big deal, and just accepted the ticket. It was $650!
"In America, the police will usually just give you a warning if it's under 10 miles per hour," I explained.
"Yes, I've heard this about America," was his firm retort as he smiled and continued to write the ticket. I walked back to the van with my tail between my legs and for the first time on the trip was speechless. My friends found both aspects to be highlights.
A trip to Lofoten really would have been pretty affordable if we'd avoided beer and speeding tickets.
Mike Brumbaugh lives in Eagle, Colorado, a short drive from Rifle, the Black Canyon and Indian Creek.


text:
This is a vintage Eagles "The Long Run" 33 Vinyl Record from 1979. The record is in nice condition.
#Rock #Pop Rock
***Track List***
The Long Run 3:42
I Can't Tell You Why 4:56
In The City 3:46
The Disco Strangler 2:46
King Of Hollywood 6:28
Heartache Tonight 4:26
Those Shoes 4:56
Teenage Jail 3:44
The Greeks Don't Want No Freaks 2:20
The Sad Café 5:25
NEW PRODUCT: Check out our brand new, handmade, Record Ornaments! They are all one of a kind! They make great presents!
Records are shipped free via USPS Media Mail. USPS shipping times are slower than usual, so consider ordering with ample time for your purchase time to arrive.
- All items in my shop are vintage or repurposed! They are carefully selected but will have natural imperfections due to age.
- We try to photograph items to give a full representation, but if you have any questions don't hesitate to contact us!
- We want you to be happy with your purchase! If you're not, return it within 10 days for a full refund (minus shipping cost).
INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/vintage.5.tn/
FACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/Vintage05/
Electronic + Retro + Athletic + Handmade + Industrial + Mid Century
1-3 business days
I'll do my best to meet these shipping estimates, but can't guarantee them. Actual delivery time will depend on the shipping method you choose.
Buyers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply. I'm not responsible for delays due to customs.
Just contact me within: 3 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 7 days of delivery
Buyers are responsible for return shipping costs. If the item is not returned in its original condition, the buyer is responsible for any loss in value.
Please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
We are happy to ship internationally! Most of our items are set up to ship internationally and will quote properly when purchasing. If you have any questions feel free to send us a Convo/Email.
Note: International customers are responsible for any fees/taxes/duties associated with the shipment. Package tracking is usually limited outside of the US, and most packages will deliver without notifications before delivery.
We have shipped all across the US and internationally including Canada, Japan, Brazil, England, France, South Korea, Italy, Germany, Singapore, Russia, Finland, Switzerland, Hong Kong, Norway, New Zealand, The Netherlands, Malaysia, Israel, Cameron, Pakistan, Mexico, The Bahamas, Austria, and Australia!
I believe in recycling and repurposing whenever possible, so most of my items will be shipped in good, clean, recycled boxes. Depending on the item, weight and location, I will ship via USPS or FedEx.
In general, we try to ship all items within 48 hours (Monday-Friday). If you have a date you need to receive an item, please let us know. We will be glad to see if we can meet the timeframe!
We have the privilege of providing our unique items to a multitude of great companies. Here are a few:
PRODUCTION / FILM / THEATER: Alpha House, The Blacklist, ESPN, Jerry Bruckheimer, Hawaii 5-O, Overbrook Entertainment, Kaufman Astoria, Steiner Studios, Whalefilm, KF Productions, Cinelicious, Broadway Stages, Everyman Theater, Guthrie Theater, and Steppenwolf.
DESIGN / BRANDING / APPAREL: Cole Hann, Ralph Lauren, Abercrombie & Fitch, Kenneth Cole, RPA, Havas Worldwide, Commission Content, Design Fabrications, Judith Von Hopf, Media Maison, Design Environments, Rootstein, and Event Planning Concepts.
TECH / RETAIL / OTHER: Ashley Furniture, REI, Google Creative Lab, Huckberry, Two's Company, Bahamar, Fulton Alley, and Palihouse.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Though the game has languished in recent years, freeform first-person shooter Descent is finally getting a fancy, fan-made reboot, courtesy of "Madmax1998." Madmax is using the Unreal Engine 3 to bring the original game's "six degrees of freedom" (the ability to orient and move in any direction, abbreviated as "6DOF") fully into the modern graphical era. While previous remakes and modifications like DXX have focused on improving the original's graphics by bolting 3D acceleration onto the original game's source code, Madmax's remake is a full engine replacement.
Though it never really rose to be the smash success it deserved to be, Descent was popular enough during the mid-'90s to spawn two sequels and garner a significant online following. Descent plopped the player into a heavily armed spaceship and sent him down into mines and tunnels, on a mission to eliminate an army of renegade robots. Where Descent differed from its contemporaries was that it let the player move in any direction on any axis—up, down, left, right, forward, and backward, with control over pitch, yaw, and roll. Descent was best played using a keyboard and a four-button joystick with a hat switch, and that barrier to entry was a contributing factor that kept it from full mainstream acceptance.
The developer's site features a YouTube video (embedded below) displaying his progress so far, showing the player's point of view bobbing and sliding around in a manner familiar to Descent aficionados. Three types of evil robots make appearances, and though it's a bit jarring to see Descent-style action occurring in an Unreal Tournament level, the awesome mix of original Descent sound effects and music quickly pulled me in. The site indicates that the plan for the remake includes a retelling of the game's story, along with recreations of all of the original levels, weapons, and killer robots.
We're hoping to see much more of this remake soon, and the developer has set up a mailing list to keep folks up to date on the project's progress. Meanwhile, if you're eager to relive the past and don't want to wait, Descent 1 and 2 can be purchased right now from GOG.com for $5.99.


text:
{{ item.quantity }}
New to the ladies footwear range this shoe offers S1 protection and ensures maximum comfort for the wearer even when worn for long durations.
● CE certified
● Protective steel toecap
● Anti-static footwear
● Energy absorbing seat region
● SRC - Slip resistant outsole to prevent slips and trips on ceramic and steel surfaces
● Fuel and oil resistant outsole
● Dual density sole unit
● SRA - Slip resistant outsole to prevent slips and trips on ceramic surfaces
Standard UK Mainland delivery (under 2Kg)
Handling time
Orders placed before 10am: 1 working day + delivery time
Orders placed after 10am: 2 working days + delivery time
We reserve the right to use an equivalent service
Delivery time (Excluding Handling Time)
Free: 2-3 working days
RM Tracked 48: 2-3 working days
DHL Next Day/ DPD Next Day: 1 working day
Delivery Cost
Free: £0.00 If you spend over £75 on the website.
RM Tracked 48: £3.95
DHL Next Day: £5.95
DPD Next Day: £5.95
Remaining worldwide destinations (UK Over 2Kg)
Orders placed before 10am: Standard: 1 working day + delivery time
Orders placed after 10am: Standard: 2 working days + delivery time We reserve the right to use an equivalent service
Delivery time (excluding handling)
Dependent on country and courier company used.
1) Please add the products you want to purchase to your basket.
2) Navigate to the basket and fill in the area entitled ESTIMATE SHIPPING AND TAX
3) Click Get a quote and wait for prices and options to be shown.
4) Select the method you require and continue to the checkout.
5) If nothing is shown please contact us and we will see if we can help.
Do you have a Saturday service?
We do not currently operate a Saturday service, however if enough people request this we would look into this becoming an option.
What is your returns policy?
We offer a 14 day no quibble money back guarantee as long as the purchased item is in its original resalable condition.
Do you combine postage?
When purchasing through our dedicated website the checkout process calculates the postage cost based on a combination price. Just look for the "Estimate shipping and tax" box in your shopping cart.
What do I do if an item arrives damaged?
Please contact us straight away with details of the damage including photographs where possible. One of our many helpful support staff will contact you about how to proceed.
What do I do if my item does not arrive?
Please allow 3 working days before contacting us and please try your local delivery office as they may have been unable to deliver your parcel. If this still has not rectified the problem please contact us and a support member of staff will advise how to proceed.
How quickly will my refund come through?
Please allow up to 24 hours for the funds to return to the account which the payment was made from.
How do I use my discount code?
In the checkout cart there's a section entitled Discount Codes. Simply enter your code and click apply coupon. If your coupon is valid this will then be applied to your order and will show as a "Discount" just above the Grand total.
Can I order over the phone?
We are an online company and as such this is not something we offer as standard. If we do carry out an order over the phone this may incur extra charges
Which courier services do you use?
At the time of writing this FAQ we use Royal Mail, DHL and DPD. We have chosen these after years of dealing with courier companies and have found these to be by far the most reliable and cost effective. You can track your item at the following links:
Royal Mail: https://www.royalmail.com/track-your-item
DHL: http://www.dhl.co.uk/en/express/tracking.html
DPD: https://www.dpd.com/tracking
Why doesn't my tracking code work?
Your tracking code is allocated at the time your order is processed, however this doesn't get activated until the order has arrived at the first stage of its journey. So please allow 24 hours for the code to become active.


text:
Lake Michigan Cabin Makeover
Top-to-bottom update
Northwest Indiana residents Paul Schwab and Stephen Warner faced a daunting task in updating what they call their "kooky cabin" in Michiana Shores, a summer resort area built in the 1920s and '30s for well-to-do Chicagoans."The house was built by a local craftsman named Josh who never used a plan," Paul says. So a gorgeous fieldstone fireplace was blocked by a staircase, first-floor ceilings soared to 15 feet but upstairs roof-lines were so low the windows touched the floor, and the only access to the porch was through a bathroom.They embarked on an extensive rehab in 2005 with two goals in mind: bringing the old single-season home up to code and staying true to the neighborhood's architectural style.Click through our slides to find out how these homeowners produced a stunning lakeside home that preserves the past with modern flair.
Bringing in the light
Michiana Shores is known for homes characterized by log facades, massive stone fireplaces and generous screen porches. "It's a look unique to this community, and we wanted to be in harmony with what's around us," Paul says.Although they bumped out the master bath and dining area, the cabin's exterior looks remarkably like the original. But that changes one step inside the front door, where dark and rustic give way to light and sophisticated."We knew we wanted to lighten the whole thing up," says Stephen, an interior designer who created the English-cottage feel. Stephen set the cottage tone by painting all the wood paneling soft white.At left, the cabin's great room after renovation. Instead of a skylight over the fireplace, the owners added a cupola with working windows.
Pretty patterns
The decor includes something rarely spotted in cabins: pretty paisley and floral patterns on wallpaper, curtains, upholstered furniture, bedding and pillows. The muted color palette references the wooded landscape outside. In the foyer, paisley wallpaper adds unexpected sophistication.
White and bright kitchen
Lots of windows and white cabinets keep the kitchen bright, even in the woods. Sliding (instead of swinging) French doors keep traffic paths clear.
Dining room style
To take advantage of natural light, the owners situated the dining room table in front of new soaring windows styled like the 1930s originals.
Natural texture
Natural materials with light finishes are used throughout the house. Here, a bamboo desk and twig chair fit neatly under a slanted living room ceiling. The painted plank walls and ceilings not only add texture and light but also highlight the rustic details.
A porch for entertaining
The screen porch was enlarged to 20 x 20 feet for entertaining. The porch's new 18-foot-tall stone fireplace includes a raised hearth that's wide enough for sitting. A drop-leaf table behind the lounging sofa serves as a buffet or opens for sit-down dinners. Lightweight wicker chairs are easy to move.
Dramatic banister
A local Michigan artisan made the dramatic natural twig stair banister. Its pale, natural color fits the house's warm color scheme.
Snug bedroom
Matching wallpaper and bedding unify the snug master bedroom. Three landscape paintings by an Iowa artist stand in for a headboard under the eaves.
Spa ambience
The remodeled master bath offers spa ambience with a soaking tub next to tall windows providing extensive views of nature.
Keeping in style
A bump-out bath expansion melds with the original architecture.
Pretty outside as well as inside
Stone pillars and split-rail fencing enhance the rustic setting.
Swooping architecture
A swooped portico mimics the entry's arched screen door.
Charming details
Contrasting green trim and log-lattice porch railings add charming cottage character to this cabin's facade.
An outdoor remodel, too
The lush setting was one of the cabin's attractions for the homeowners. They planted more trees, bushes and flowers on the half-acre property that was already blessed with towering pines.


text:
Nurse Pendant Charm
- Made in gold vermeil, a thick layer of real 18K gold over sterling silver
- Build it with our Charm Builder
- Charm height: 20 mm
- Charm only — chains sold separately
Complimentary gift packaging is included for each jewelry order. To be eco-minded, we will combine items into fewer boxes when possible.
We design demi-fine jewelry, curating a thoughtful collection using conflict-free materials and gemstones. Our jewelry is crafted with premium 18K gold and sterling silver, where quality and sustainability go hand in hand. Learn more about our good practices here.
- Avoid direct contact with perfumes, lotions, and other chemicals
- Wipe with a soft, lint-free polishing cloth to remove dust and oils
- Remove before going to bed, showering, or swimming
- Store jewelry in a clean, dry place
Learn more about jewelry care here.


text:
Statewide Runoff Primary Election — August 28, 2018
FEDERAL, STATE, LEGISLATIVE and JUDICIAL RACES
COUNTY RESULTS — All races
MULTICOUNTY RACES — Local races in multiple counties
(CSV) or Race-level results for all races
(CSV) or Race-level results by county for all races
(CSV) or Precinct-level results for all races — Caution! Precinct-level XML files may be large.
*All results data are contained in compressed files for use with DBMS tools. Most current web browsers running under recent versions of Windows will recognize the zipped archives and assist in their proper handling. Important! Select to SAVE the file, then open it from the saved location.


text:
EDIT: November 2006 -- I've found several of my pictures in other sites on the internet...I dont mind people giving out the LINK to my blog, but I do mind people lifting my pictures and claiming that the items in the pictures were personally made by them. (I think at least one picture was being hotlinked from my photobucket account. bad bad ju ju!)
I'll be gradually putting copyright info on my pictures, altho, it's probably a little late now...
Here's hoping the power doesnt go all wonky on me again (and it could...there's a heck of a wind storm going on outside)
I had posted the pattern for the Giant Rectangle granny square pattern a few months back, but never got the pictures posted. So I'm reposting the pattern now, and I'll post the pictures below it in sequential order so that the visual crocheters can see how I start the afghan.
This is a crochet pattern that was taught to me by my late grandmother. I never had a written out copy of the pattern since I had it memorized. To the best of my knowledge, it's something she came up with on her own, and since the words in the pattern are mine, this pattern is copyrighted to me. Please do not sell the pattern. Some pattern designers dont want you to sell any item you might have made with their patterns. I'm not one of those... If you think you can get some money for a finished afghan you might make with this pattern, go right ahead, who am I to stop you...just dont sell my pattern to anyone.
Thanks to the people who helped me write it out and tested it for clarity for me.
Rectangular Granny Afghan
Special stitches: (corner shells are 3 dc, ch-1, 3 dc)
Hint: when fastening off leave a long tail to be worked in later so the stitches won't come apart.
Round 1:
ch 48
Dc in 4th ch from hook and next 2 chs, ch1 *sk 1 ch, dc in next 3chs, ch 1* repeat from * to * across (9 more times) ending with 1 dc in last ch. fasten off leaving a long tail to weave in
Round 2:
Attach new yarn in last ch-1 sp before the last dc. Ch 3, 2 dc, ch-1 in same sp, 3 dc, ch-1, 3 dc, ch-1 inside dc loop, working on other side of starting ch (3 dc, ch-1 in each sp across) until ch 4 loop (3dc, ch-1, 4 times in loop), (3dc, ch-1 in each sp across) joining with sl st in first dc.
Round 3: Attach yarn in first ch-1 sp of row 2 (ch 3, 2 dc, ch-1, 3dc ch-1 in same sp for corner, 3 dc, ch-1 in next sp, (3 dc, ch-1, 3 dc, ch-1 in next sp for corner) 3 dc, ch-1 in each sp across joining in ch 3.
Round 4: continue in pattern until size desired.
For more than one row of same color after joining sl st to the first ch sp and work in pattern.
And now...the pictures :)
This is what it looks like once you complete the starting chain, and the First Round
And once you've attached the yarn for Round 2 (I like to crochet over the loose tails at the start of the afghan, helps me later when I go back to weave the tails in once I'm done)
This is how the increases should look
Join with a slip stitch (if not changing the yarn color, you can sl st in the next dc, and sl st in the ch 1 sp and then chain 3 and dc twice in the ch 1 space, ch 1, dc 3 times in the same space)
(note: I changed colors so you can see how each stitch looks from one round to the next)
And this is how it should look once you're finished with the Third Round. Once you get to this point, you should be able to follow the established pattern until the afghan is the size you want it to be.
You can pretty much make this afghan as big as you want. I've made crib sized afghans, queen sized afghans, and even a table doily with this pattern. I've always found it to be one of the easiest patterns for me to do, and one of the fastest.
Edit: January 2010
posting a picture or two of completed rectangle afghans.
In the picture with the Christmas themed afghan, there's a purple, white and black rectangle afghan folded on the back of the chair too..
The gray and red afghan at the top was one that I made for a cousin's kid, the patriotic one was one that I also made for a cousin's kid...probably the sibling of the first one, the one with the variegated red, white and blue is one that I made for a friend of mine. It was a scrap + a variegated color in between each color change, the Christmas one was for my grandmother...the purple, black and white one in that same picture was one I made for my aunt Mary, and the last afghan was probably one of my first scrap afghans. I made that one for my uncle Frank, who kept it in the sleeper cab of his 18 wheeler when he was out driving.


text:
It's 2013, which most likely means another major iOS update will soon come down the tubes from Apple. iOS 7 has already begun popping up in some server logs—no huge surprise, since Apple is constantly working on its next big thing(s). But so far, we know virtually nothing about what to expect from iOS 7. After all, the general public is still only on iOS 6.0.2, with iOS 6.1 reportedly just around the corner.
While the 6.1 update will undoubtedly improve on what we already have, iOS 7 has the potential to make significant changes and improvements to how iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad users interact with their devices. So, what better opportunity for the Ars staff to dream and speculate about what we'd really like to see Apple do with its next major release? I asked a number of our iOS-using staff members to tell me the most important items on their wish lists and came up with a list of eight things we think would be great to see when iOS 7 is released to the public.
1) Let us set and remove our own default apps
Could there be a more common complaint about iOS than this? Users are dying to have the ability to specify their own default apps for things like Web browsing, mapping, task management, notes, and more—but Apple won't let us. The time is now: Apple should add a panel in the iOS Settings that lets us do this so that when we click a link from another app, we don't have to use Safari, or when we tap on an address on a webpage, we don't have to use Maps.
This has long been a common request from Ars staffers, and it topped the list when I asked this time around as well. "Apple could even provide some kind of spec that a third-party app would have to conform to before it can be allowed as the new default e-mail client," John Siracusa said. "It doesn't have to be as wide open as it is on OS X, but I don't think it can stay as closed as it is now forever." On that same note, isn't it about time for us to be able to delete Apple's default apps? You know, the ones we all shuffle into their own folder on the last Springboard screen (mine is called "Shit I never use"), such as Stocks, Compass, Game Center, or whatever else doesn't strike your fancy. "The ability to remove default iOS apps (like the thrice-damned Newsstand and Game Center) would be wonderful," said Reviews Editor Lee Hutchinson, but I doubt it will ever happen."
2) Take Do Not Disturb to the next level
We like Do Not Disturb, which was introduced with iOS 6 in late 2012, even though it has run into some high-profile bugs lately. The feature allows us to schedule times when our devices won't ring, buzz, or light up when receiving calls or notifications—great for trying to get some uninterrupted sleep, or during important times of the day. But the feature is still very basic—you can only schedule one time block at a time (say, 11pm to 7am every day), or manually turn it on/off as needed.
As Chris Foresman pointed out, iOS users could really benefit from the ability to apply finer-grained scheduling to the Do Not Disturb feature. "Being able to have different schedules for different days of the week," he said, would allow people to specify different times for weekdays versus weekends, or add special items like regular business meetings. Apple could also take this feature to the next level by stealing a feature from RIM and the BlackBerry: power management. Some of us would rather just have our iPhones (or other iOS devices) shut down altogether at certain times of day—call it a more forced version of Do Not Disturb. "All Macs have power management options, including the ability to have a device shutdown at a specific time and wake up at a specific time," Ars Editor-in-Chief Ken Fisher said. "The BlackBerry has had this functionality for years. Apple could land on the right side of green by including this support."
3) Multiple users per device—or at least a kid mode
We're sure you've heard this one before—how many times have you handed your iDevice to a family member or friend, only to have them start digging into your e-mail or moving around your home screen icons? The ability to manage multiple users on a single device like we can on the Mac (and pretty much every other computing platform) would help mitigate this problem, though not everyone agrees such a feature would be helpful or easy-to-use on a tiny mobile device like the iPhone—perhaps it would be more useful on the iPad, a device that's much more likely to be shared among a family or roommates.
But even if you don't like the idea of a multi-user iOS device, users with kids seem to agree hands-down that a "kid mode" would be a huge help. It could be an extension of Apple's current Parental Controls that allows parents to flip a switch and put the device into a mode that allows limited access to only certain apps, temporarily turn off the ability to answer (or make) phone calls, limit the Web from all available apps, completely turn off in-app purchasing power, and so on. Even those of us without kids (myself included) could make use of this feature when visiting friends or family with children; I know I've had my iPhone co-opted by toddlers many times, only to find them making FaceTime calls to all my friends 10 minutes later. We don't mind handing over our iOS devices to children to distract themselves, but a way to keep them (and the devices) safe during that time would be a great feature to have.
4) A better way to organize and manage apps
The tapping and holding until apps start to wiggle. The dragging between screens. The apps shifting around when you don't want them to while you're trying to move something else. That annoying phenomenon when you realize all your infrequently used apps are piling up on the ninth-Springboard-screen-back. App organization drives us all crazy from time to time, and the Ars staff would like some fresh ways to clean up.
"I want some new thinking, like being able to swipe down to reveal widgets, and swipe up to reveal a drawer for fast moving of icons," Creative Director Aurich Lawson said. "It's time to acknowledge that the UI that was designed for a phone that didn't even have the concept of downloading apps hasn't kept up with the times." But if we're going to revamp how we organize apps on our devices, we should also revamp how we can manage them from the cloud, says Social Editor Cesar Torres. He pointed out that it's sometimes difficult to remember whether certain apps are still on the device or not (there might be some apps that you use very infrequently, but they're nice to have when you need them), and if they've been deleted, going through the App Store to find them again can be a pain.
"Amazon has a Cloud/Device set of tabs" that could be useful for this, Torres said. "Or something sort of like Dropbox's system, where if you star something, it gets stored locally. I would like for all apps to have a standardized way of showing you this, so you're always clear on what's in the phone and what's in the cloud." Torres thinks this should apply beyond apps, though—he thinks it should also apply to data stored within each app, and that third-party developers should work with Apple to come up with a more standard way to show whether documents are local, on iCloud, or stored somewhere else.


text:
An interview with Guillermo del Toro
Filmmakers don't get much busier than Guillermo del Toro. The native Mexican who now calls L.A. his home gained notice with his first feature "Cronos" – an odd little horror film about eternal life – two decades ago. Some ups and downs followed, but he found major success with the much odder (and funnier) "Hellboy" and its sequel, and cemented his reputation as a true artist with the haunting "Pan's Labyrinth."
In between those films, he's also been an in-demand producer ("Puss in Boots," "Rise of the Guardians").
But the longtime devoted fan of old Japanese monster movies has had the massive sci-fi epic "Pacific Rim" kicking around in his head for years. He recently spoke about his resulting tale of the battles between giant Jaegers (human-controlled robots) and huge Kaiju (Godzilla-like sea creatures).
Did you design all of the Kaiju?
When we started to flesh out the script (screenwriter) Travis Beacham came to my house, and I locked him in my man cave. In my garage I have a design room that accommodates eight to 10 artists. I was in another room, writing part of what Travis and I were co-writing. Every day, five or six times a day, I would give Travis what I'd written, and he gave me what he'd written. I would go check on the artists, and we designed every Kaiju, and every Jaeger, in my garage.
The film's visual effects are amazing. What sorts of technology did you use?
I've been doing special effects since I was a kid. I did them professionally for over a decade. I'm familiar with and comfortable with every tool. I can use the latest or I can use the oldest technique. The misconception is that there are good ones and bad ones. I think digital effects are as great and valid as any of the others. But the tragedy is to use them as a shortcut creatively.
The solution does not have to be a visual effect. We used miniatures; we used incredibly elaborate physical effects. For instance, a street in the film was rigged with hydraulics. The whole street – the pavement, the walls, the lampposts, the cars, the sidewalk – everything. So every time the Kaiju took a step, the whole street jumped. The easiest thing is to just shake the camera and put in a digital effect. You just have to not be lazy. We built a hundred physical sets in this movie. Normally in a movie like this, they don't build; they just use digital. But I think that doesn't inform your actors. Your actors end up saying, "What am I looking at? What am I supposed to feel about this place?"
You've often spoken about being fascinated by Japanese monster movies when you were growing up. Do you have a favorite?
I know them all. I live in a house that has one section entirely dedicated to Kaiju. But my favorite movies are two that are not the most famous ones: "Frankenstein Conquers the World" and "The War of the Gargantuas." They have a lot of pathos, and they made me weep. When the creature in "Frankenstein" is in love with the girl, I'm going, "Awwwww, I wish she paid attention to him." But my favorite Kaiju is Pigman in "Ultraman." He's a very moving, sort of sad little Kaiju.
As a child or even now as an adult, which monster have you feared the most?
I fear politicians. I think the worst monsters in the world have nice suits. I don't fear monsters. Well, the only monsters I kind of fear, because I think of myself as a mortal, are zombies. I dream of zombies chasing me. Also sharks. I find myself edible (laughs).
"Pacific Rim" opens on July 12.


text:
• Oral Uses ]]>Attention Deficit Disorder]]>, ]]>Cancer]]> (as an Addition to Conventional Therapy) , ]]>Cluster Headaches]]>, ]]>Epilepsy]]> in Children , ]]>Fibromyalgia]]>, ]]>Functional Dyspepsia]]> (Chronic Indigestion of No Known Cause) , Fighting ]]>Aging]]> in General , ]]>Immune Support]]>, ]]>Irritable Bowel Syndrome]]>, ]]>Quitting Smoking]]>, Preventing ]]>Heart Disease]]>, Reducing Anxiety Before ]]>Surgery]]>, Seasonal Affective Disorder, ]]>Tardive Dyskinesia]]>
• Topical Uses Thinning Hair in Women
Melatonin is a natural hormone that regulates sleep. During daylight, the pineal gland in the brain produces an important neurotransmitter called serotonin. (A neurotransmitter is a chemical that relays messages between nerve cells.) But at night, the pineal gland stops producing serotonin and instead makes melatonin. This melatonin release helps trigger sleep.
The production of melatonin varies according to the amount of light you're exposed to; for example, your body produces more melatonin in a completely dark room than in a dimly lit one.
Melatonin supplements appear to be helpful for people whose natural sleep cycle has been disturbed, such as travelers suffering from jet lag. The hormone may also be helpful in various other sleep disorders.
Based on early reports that melatonin levels decline with age, the hormone was briefly marketed as a kind of fountain of youth. However, newer evidence suggests that melatonin levels do not decline with age after all. ]]>65]]>
Other potential benefits of melatonin remain largely speculative. Very weak evidence hints that melatonin might be helpful for ]]>functional dyspepsia]]> (chronic indigestion of unknown cause). ]]>113]]>
Melatonin is not a nutrient. However, travelers and workers on rotating or late shifts can experience sleep disturbances that seem to be caused by changing melatonin levels.
You can boost your melatonin production naturally by getting thicker blinds for the bedroom windows or wearing a night mask. You can also take melatonin tablets.
Therapeutic Dosages
Melatonin is typically taken half an hour before bedtime for the first 4 days after traveling.
For ordinary insomnia, melatonin is usually taken about 30 minutes to 1 hour before bedtime. To fall asleep on Sunday night after staying up late Friday and Saturday, one study suggests using melatonin 5.5 hours before the desired bedtime.
The optimum dose of melatonin is not clear, but it is probably in the 1 to 5 mg range.
Melatonin is available in two forms: immediate-release (just plain melatonin, also called "quick-release") and slow-release (a special preparation, also called "controlled-release," designed to spread melatonin absorption over many hours). It seems reasonable to suppose that quick-release melatonin helps in falling asleep, while slow-release melatonin helps in staying asleep, but study results are inconsistent on this issue. 1]]>
Therapeutic Uses
Reasonably good evidence tells us that melatonin can help people with jet lag]]> adjust to a new schedule. ]]>46]]> Although it probably works in part by resetting the biological clock, it also appears to decrease or block wakefulness-promoting circuits in the nervous system ]]>86]]> and may have other direct sedative effects. Based on this, melatonin has been tried for ]]>insomnia]]> of various types, but results have been inconsistent ]]>87]]> .
Three small double-blind studies suggest that use of melatonin might reduce symptoms of ]]>irritable bowel syndrome]]> . ]]>89-90,111]]> It has been suggested that melatonin might work through effects on the nervous system in the digestive tract.
Four double-blind studies performed by Saudi researchers reported that melatonin was useful for reducing ]]>anxiety]]> prior to surgery, presumably due to its sedative effects. ]]>2,3,95,102]]> However, other researchers have been unable to confirm these results. ]]>99-100]]>
Three, small, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies found evidence that melatonin may slightly reduce nighttime ]]>blood pressure]]> . ]]>67,88,101]]>
Two preliminary double-blind trials hint that use of melatonin at a dose of 10 mg/day may reduce symptoms of ]]>tardive dyskinesia]]> . ]]>45,68]]>
A preliminary double-blind study suggests that melatonin may improve quality of life in children with epilepsy, perhaps by improving sleep and reducing medication side effects. ]]>69]]>
One surprising double-blind study suggests that topical application of melatonin may increase hair growth in women with thinning hair, for reasons that are entirely unclear. ]]>70]]>
Oral melatonin has shown some potential for treating ]]>seasonal affective disorder]]> , ]]>cluster headaches]]> , ]]>47-50,71]]> and ]]>irritable bowel syndrome]]> .
Highly preliminary studies, including unblinded controlled trials, suggest that melatonin may enhance the effectiveness of standard therapy for breast cancer, prostate cancer, brain glioblastomas, non-small-cell lung cancer, and other forms of cancer. ]]>4-6,51-53]]> (For information on why such studies are unreliable, see ]]>Why Does This Database Rely on Double-blind Studies?]]> ) Melatonin has also shown some promise in animal studies for reducing side effects (specifically, cardiac toxicity) of the chemotherapy drug ]]>doxorubicin]]> ; however, the only human trials supporting this use fall considerably beneath modern scientific standards. ]]>103-110]]>
Weak evidence supports a role for melatonin in reducing nicotine withdrawal symptoms. ]]>91]]>
On the basis of one uncontrolled trial, melatonin has been promoted as a treatment for ]]>fibromyalgia]]> . ]]>72]]>
Based on theoretical reasoning and scant evidence, it has been suggested that melatonin can ]]>boost the immune system]]> , prevent ]]>heart disease]]> , and fight ]]>aging]]> in general. ]]>8-11]]>
Some evidence suggests that melatonin is not helpful for ]]>menopausal symptoms]]>]]>73]]> or ]]>chronic fatigue syndrome]]> . ]]>74]]>
What Is the Scientific Evidence for Melatonin?
Sleep Disorders
Melatonin appears to produce sedation comparable to that of conventional pharmaceuticals used for inducing sleep 75]]> without impairing mental function. ]]>76]]> Melatonin has shown promise as a treatment for a variety of sleep disorders, of which the best studied is jet lag.
Jet Lag
There is good evidence that melatonin can help you fall asleep when your bedtime rhythm has been disturbed by travel ( ]]>jet lag]]> ). ]]>46,77]]>
For example, one double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 320 people and followed them for 4 days after a long plane trip. ]]>12]]> The participants were divided into four groups and given a daily dose of 5 mg of standard melatonin, 5 mg of slow-release melatonin, 0.5 mg of standard melatonin, or placebo. ]]>12]]> The group that received 5 mg of standard melatonin slept better, took less time to fall asleep, and felt more energetic and awake during the day than the other three groups.
Another small double-blind trial found that airplane crews experienced improved rest when using melatonin (10 mg) as compared to placebo, and equivalent benefits as compared to the drug zopiclone. ]]>44]]> Neither group experienced any impairment in mental function the following morning.
According to one review of the literature, melatonin treatment for jet lag is most effective for those who have crossed a significant number of time zones, perhaps eight. ]]>13]]>
Shift Work
Studies of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia related to shift work have yielded mixed results. ]]>15,19,20,42-44,92,117]]> Researchers have been surprised by these findings, but suggest that perhaps working at night upsets the biological rhythm even more profoundly than traveling over many time zones, too profoundly for melatonin to help.
Sleep in the Elderly
Mixed results have been seen with the use of melatonin for treating ]]>insomnia]]> in the elderly. ]]>14-18,21,57,78,115]]> Not only have many studies failed to find melatonin helpful, those studies with positive results found widely varying benefits; for example, some studies found a decreased time to falling asleep, but no change in sleep throughout the night, while others found the reverse. These differences have not followed dose or type of melatonin in any obvious way, making them somewhat suspect.
General Insomnia
One small study failed to find benefit for general insomnia in healthy people. ]]>79]]>
Sleep Problems in Children
A 4-week, double-blind trial evaluated the benefits of melatonin for children with difficulty falling asleep. ]]>22]]> A total of 40 children who had experienced this type of sleep problem for at least 1 year were given either placebo or melatonin at a dose of 5 mg. The results showed that use of melatonin significantly helped participants fall asleep more easily. Similar results were seen in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 62 children ]]>80]]> and in a study of 20 developmentally disabled children with sleep problems. ]]>23]]>
Delayed Weekend Sleep Pattern (Monday Morning Fatigue)
Many individuals stay up late on Friday and Saturday nights, and then find it difficult to get to sleep at a reasonable hour on Sunday. A small double-blind, placebo-controlled study found evidence that taking melatonin 5.5 hours before the desired Sunday bedtime improved the ability of participants to fall asleep. ]]>24]]>
Sleep in Hospitalized Patients
Benefits were seen in a small, double-blind trial of patients in a pulmonary intensive care unit. ]]>25]]> It is famously difficult to sleep in an ICU, and the resulting sleep deprivation is not helpful for those recovering from disease or ]]>surgery]]> . In this study of 8 hospitalized individuals, 3 mg of controlled-release melatonin "dramatically improved" sleep quality and duration.
Other Sleep Problems and Sleep Problems Among People With Specific Medical Problems
Small double-blind trials have found benefits for improving sleep in people with ]]>diabetes]]> , ]]>26]]>]]>asthma]]> (however, see Safety Issues), ]]>81]]> head injury, ]]>82]]>]]>schizophrenia]]> , ]]>27]]>]]>Alzheimer's disease]]> , ]]>83]]> and ]]>Parkinson's disease]]> . ]]>94]]> Melatonin has also shown benefit for improving sleep in people with ]]>attention deficit disorder]]> ; ]]>93,112]]> it has failed, however, to show benefit for the symptoms of ADHD per se. ]]>112]]>
Blind people often have trouble sleeping on any particular schedule, because there are no "light cues" available to help them get tired at night. A small double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial found that the use of melatonin at a dose of 10 mg per day was able to resynchronize participants' sleep schedules. ]]>28]]>
Some individuals find it impossible to fall asleep until early morning, a condition called delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). Melatonin may be beneficial for this syndrome. ]]>29]]>
Individuals trying to quit using sleeping pills in the benzodiazepine family may find melatonin helpful. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 34 individuals who regularly used such medications found that melatonin at a dose of 2 mg nightly (controlled-release formulation) could help them discontinue the use of the drugs. ]]>30]]> Interestingly, another study failed to find melatonin helpful for reducing benzodiazepine use among people taking drugs in that family for ]]>anxiety]]> . ]]>58]]>
Note : There can be risks in discontinuing benzodiazepine drugs. Consult your physician for advice.
Cancer Treatment
Melatonin has been used with conventional anticancer therapy in more than a dozen clinical studies. Results have been surprisingly good, although this research must be considered preliminary. For example, a double-blind study on 30 people with advanced brain tumors suggested that melatonin might prolong life and also improve the quality of life. ]]>33]]> Participants received standard radiation treatment with or without 20 mg daily of melatonin. After 1 year, 6 of 14 individuals in the melatonin group were still alive, compared with just 1 of 16 from the control group. The melatonin group also had fewer side effects due to the radiation treatment—a notable improvement in their quality of life.
Improvements in symptoms and a possible reduction of mortality were also seen in other studies. ]]>34,35]]> Melatonin appears to work by increasing levels of the body's own tumor-fighting proteins, known as cytokines. ]]>36]]>
Cluster Headaches
Some evidence suggests that individuals with ]]>cluster headaches]]> have lower than average levels of the hormone melatonin. ]]>47-50]]> In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 20 individuals with cluster headaches, use of melatonin (10 mg daily) for 14 days appeared to reduce headache severity and/or frequency in about half the participants. ]]>59]]> Overall, use of melatonin produced better effects than placebo.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
One study found that people with ]]>seasonal affective disorder (SAD)]]> have higher levels of melatonin than those without the condition. ]]>60]]> On this basis, it would seem that supplemental melatonin should worsen SAD symptoms. However, the evidence for such an effect is inconsistent. ]]>61]]> Some researchers have proposed that interaction between SAD and melatonin might be more complex than merely high or low levels, and that, when taken at certain times of day, melatonin might help the condition. A very small study found that when melatonin was given in the afternoon, it produced some benefit for people with SAD. ]]>62]]> However, a study of melatonin used in the early morning or the late evening failed to find any benefit. ]]>63]]> In a sizable Danish trial, researchers investigated the effects of melatonin on mood, sleep, and cognitive decline in elderly patients, most of whom suffered from ]]>dementia]]> . ]]>115]]> They found that melatonin 2.5 mg, given nightly for an average of 15 months, slightly improved sleep, but it worsened mood. The latter effect was reversed by adding light therapy during the day. Melatonin apparently had no significant effect on cognition.
Melatonin has shown equivocal effects for two conditions related to SAD: subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder (S-SAD) and weather associated syndrome (WAS). According to the one reported study, use of melatonin improved some symptoms but worsened others. ]]>84]]>
Safety Issues
A safety study found that melatonin at a dose of 10 mg daily produced no toxic effects when given to 40 healthy males for a period of 28 days. 37]]> However, this does not prove that melatonin is safe when taken on a regular basis over the long term. Keep in mind that melatonin is not truly a food supplement but a hormone. As we know from other hormones used in medicine, such as estrogen and cortisone, harmful effects can take years to appear. Hormones are powerful substances that have many subtle effects in the body, and we're far from understanding them fully. While in one small study, use of melatonin over an 8-day period by healthy men did not affect natural release of melatonin or levels of pituitary or sex hormones, ]]>85]]> another study found effects on testosterone and estrogen metabolism in men and possible impairment of sperm function. ]]>66]]> Also, a small study in women found possible effects on the important female hormone called LH (luteinizing hormone). ]]>96]]>
Melatonin appears to cause drowsiness and decreased mental attention for about 2 to 6 hours after using it and may also impair balance. ]]>38,39,64]]> For this reason, you should not drive or operate machinery for several hours after taking melatonin. In a study of healthy middle-aged and older adults, however, an extended release version of melatonin, which is said to more closely mimic natural fluctuations of the hormone in the body, did not impair mental ability or driving skills 1 to 4 hours later compared to placebo. ]]>116]]> In either case, melatonin does not appear to have any "hangover" effects the following day. ]]>44]]>
Based on theoretical ideas of how melatonin works, some authorities specifically recommend against using it in people with depression, schizophrenia, autoimmune diseases, and other serious illnesses. One study in postmenopausal women found evidence that melatonin might impair insulin action and glucose tolerance, suggesting that people with diabetes should not use it. ]]>40]]> However, another study found melatonin safe and effective for people with diabetes. ]]>41]]> Because of these contradictions, we suggest that individuals with diabetes seek physician supervision before using melatonin.
Two exceedingly preliminary studies reported by one research group has led to publicized concerns that use of the supplement melatonin might increase night-time asthma. ]]>97]]> However, one double-blind study of melatonin in people with asthma found evidence of improved sleep without worsening of symptoms. ]]>98]]> Again, at the current state of knowledge, caution must be advised for people with night-time asthma who wish to try melatonin.
There is some evidence that melatonin may interfere with the ability of blood to clot normally, at least in healthy volunteers, ]]>114]]> though the clinical significance of this finding is at yet unknown.
Maximum safe dosages for young children, pregnant or nursing women, or those with serious liver or kidney disease have not been established.
1. Jan JE, Hamilton D, Seward N, et al. Clinical trials of controlled-release melatonin in children with sleep-wake cycle disorders. J Pineal Res . 2000;29:34-39.
2. Naguib M, Samarkandi AH. Premedication with melatonin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with midazolam. Br J Anaesth . 1999;82:875-880.
3. Naguib M, Samarkandi AH. The comparative dose-response effects of melatonin and midazolam for premedication of adult patients: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Anesth Analg . 2000;91:473-479.
4. Lissoni P, Meregalli S, Nosetto L, et al. Increased survival time in brain glioblastomas by a radioneuroendocrine strategy with radiotherapy plus melatonin compared to radiotherapy alone. Oncology . 1996;53:43-46.
5. Lissoni P, Paolorossi F, Ardizzoia A, et al. A randomized study of chemotherapy with cisplatin plus etoposide versus chemoendocrine therapy with cisplatin, etoposide and the pineal hormone melatonin as a first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients in a poor clinical state. J Pineal Res . 1997;23:15-19.
6. Neri B, de Leonardis V, Gemelli MT, et al. Melatonin as biological response modifier in cancer patients. Anticancer Res . 1998;18:1329-1332.
7. Fauteck JD, Schmidt H, Lerchl A, et al. Melatonin in epilepsy: first results of replacement therapy and first clinical results. Biol Signals Recept . 1999;8:105-110.
8. Rasmussen DD, Boldt BM, Wilkinson CW, et al. Daily melatonin administration at middle age suppresses male rat visceral fat, plasma leptin, and plasma insulin to youthful levels. Endocrinology . 1999;140:1009-1012.
9. Cagnacci A. Melatonin in relation to physiology in adult humans. J Pineal Res . 1996;21:200-213.
10. Nelson RJ, Demas GE. Role of melatonin in mediating seasonal energetic and immunologic adaptations. Brain Res Bull . 1997;44:423-430.
11. Oaknin-Bendahan S, Anis Y, Nir I, et al. Effects of long-term administration of melatonin and a putative antagonist on the aging rat. Neuroreport . 1995;6:785-788.
12. Suhner A, Schlagenhauf P, Johnson R, et al. Comparative study to determine the optimal melatonin dosage form for the alleviation of jet lag. Chronobiol Int . 1998;15:655-666.
13. Arendt J, Skene DJ, Middleton B, et al. Efficacy of melatonin in jet lag, shift work and blindness. J Biol Rhythms . 1997;12:604-617.
14. Garfinkel D, Laudon M, Nof D, et al. Improvement of sleep quality in elderly people by controlled-release melatonin. Lancet . 1995;346:541-544.
15. Chase JE, Gidal BE. Melatonin: therapeutic use in sleep disorders. Ann Pharmacother . 1997;31:1218-1226.
16. Haimov I, Lavie P, Laudon M, et al. Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs. Sleep . 1995;18:598-603.
17. Hughes RJ, Sack RL, Lewy AJ. The role of melatonin and circadian phase in age-related sleep-maintenance insomnia: assessment in a clinical trial of melatonin replacement. Sleep . 1998;21:52-68.
18. Garfinkel D, Laudon M, Zisapel N. Improvement of sleep quality by controlled-release melatonin in benzodiazepine-treated elderly insomniacs. Arch Gerontol Geriatr . 1997;24:223-231.
19. Folkard S, Arendt J, Clark M. Can melatonin improve shift workers' tolerance of the night shift? Some preliminary findings. Chronobiol Int . 1993;10:315-320.
20. Dawson D, Encel N, Lushington K. Improving adaptation to simulated night shift: timed exposure to bright light versus daytime melatonin administration. Sleep . 1995;18:11-21.
21. Zhdanova IV, Wurtman RJ, Regan MM, et al. Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2001;86:4727-4730.
22. Smits MG, Nagtegaal EE, van der Heijden J, et al. Melatonin for chronic sleep onset insomnia in children: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol . 2001;16:86-92.
23. Dodge NN, Wilson GA. Melatonin for treatment of sleep disorders in children with developmental disabilities. J Child Neurol . 2001;16:581-584.
24. Yang CM, Spielman AJ, D'Ambrosio P, et al. A single dose of melatonin prevents the phase delay associated with a delayed weekend sleep pattern. Sleep . 2001;24:272-281.
25. Shilo L, Dagan Y, Smorjik Y, et al. Effect of melatonin on sleep quality of COPD intensive care patients: a pilot study. Chronobiol Int . 2000;17:71-76.
26. Garfinkel D, Wainstein J, Halabe A, et al. Beneficial effect of controlled release melatonin on sleep quality and hemoglobin A1C in type 2 diabetic patients. Presented at: World Congress of Gerontology; July 1-6, 2001; Vancouver, Canada.
27. Shamir E, Laudon M, Barak Y, et al. Melatonin improves sleep quality of patients with chronic schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry . 2000;61:373-377.
28. Sack RL, Brandes RW, Kendall AR, et al. Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people. N Engl J Med . 2000;343:1070-1077.
29. Kayumov L, Brown G, Jindal R, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of the effect of exogenous melatonin on delayed sleep phase syndrome. Psychosom Med . 2001;63:40-48.
30. Garfinkel D, Zisapel N, Wainstein J, et al. Facilitation of benzodiazepine discontinuation by melatonin: a new clinical approach. Arch Intern Med . 1999;159:2456-2460.
31. Naguib M, Samarkandi AH. Premedication with melatonin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with midazolam. Br J Anaesth . 1999;82:875-880.
32. Naguib M, Samarkandi AH. The comparative dose-response effects of melatonin and midazolam for premedication of adult patients: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Anesth Analg . 2000;91:473-479.
33. Lissoni P, Meregalli S, Nosetto L, et al. Increased survival time in brain glioblastomas by a radioneuroendocrine strategy with radiotherapy plus melatonin compared to radiotherapy alone. Oncology . 1996;53:43-46.
34. Lissoni P, Paolorossi F, Ardizzoia A, et al. A randomized study of chemotherapy with cisplatin plus etoposide versus chemoendocrine therapy with cisplatin, etoposide and the pineal hormone melatonin as a first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients in a poor clinical state. J Pineal Res . 1997;23:15-19.
35. Lissoni P, Tancini G, Barni S, et al. Treatment of cancer chemotherapy-induced toxicity with the pineal hormone melatonin. Support Care Cancer . 1997;5:126-129.
36. Neri B, de Leonardis V, Gemelli MT, et al. Melatonin as biological response modifier in cancer patients. Anticancer Res . 1998;18:1329-1332.
37. de Lourdes M, Seabra V, Bignotto M, et al. Randomized, double-blind clinical trial, controlled with placebo, of the toxicology of chronic melatonin treatment. J Pineal Res . 2000;29:193-200.
38. Graw P, Werth E, Krauchi K, et al. Early morning melatonin administration impairs psychomotor vigilance. Behav Brain Res . 2001;121:167-172.
39. Fraschini F, Cesarani A, Alpini D, et al. Melatonin influences human balance. Biol Signals Recept . 1999;8:111-119.
40. Cagnacci A, Arangino S, Renzi A, et al. Influence of melatonin administration on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of postmenopausal women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxford). 2001;54:339-346.
41. Garfinkel D, Wainstein J, Halabe A, et al. Beneficial effect of controlled release melatonin on sleep quality and hemoglobin A1C in type 2 diabetic patients. Presented at: World Congress of Gerontology; July 1-6, 2001; Vancouver, Canada.
42. Sharkey KM, Fogg LF, Eastman CI. Effects of melatonin administration on daytime sleep after simulated night shift work. J Sleep Res . 2001;10:181-192.
43. James M, Tremea MO, Jones JS, et al. Can melatonin improve adaptation to night shift? Am J Emerg Med . 1998;16:367-370.
44. Paul MA, Brown G, Buguet A, et al. Melatonin and zopiclone as pharmacologic aids to facilitate crew rest. Aviat Space Environ Med . 2001;72:974-984.
45. Shamir E, Barak Y, Shalman I, et al. Melatonin treatment for tardive dyskinesia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Arch Gen Psychiatry . 2001;58:1049-1052.
46. Herxheimer A, Petrie KJ. Melatonin for preventing and treating jet lag. Cochrane Database Syst Rev . 2001;CD001520.
47. Chazot G, Claustrat B, Brun J, et al. A chronobiological study of melatonin, cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin secretion in cluster headache. Cephalalgia . 1984;4:213-220.
48. Leone M, Lucini V, D'Amico D, et al. Abnormal 24-hour urinary excretory pattern of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin in both phases of cluster headache. Cephalalgia . 1998;18:664-667.
49. Leone M, Lucini V, D'Amico D, et al. Twenty-four-hour melatonin and cortisol plasma levels in relation to timing of cluster headache. Cephalalgia . 1995;15:224-229.
50. Waldenlind E, Gustafsson SA, Ekbom KA, Wetterberg L. Circadian secretion of cortisol and melatonin during active cluster periods and remission. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry . 1987;50:207-213.
51. Cos S, Fernández R, Güézmes A, Sánchez-Barceló EJ. Influence of melatonin on invasive and metastatic properties of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res . 1998;58:4383-4390.
52. Lissoni P, Barmo S. Meregalli S, et al. Modulation of cancer endocrine therapy by melatonin: a phase II study of tamoxifen plus melatonin in metastatic breast cancer patients progressing under tamoxifen alone. Br J Cancer . 1995;71:854-856.
53. Lissoni P, Cazzanga M, Tancini G, et al. Reversal of clinical resistance to LHRH analogue in metastatic prostate cancer by the pineal hormone melatonin: efficacy of LHRH analogue plus melatonin in patients progressing on LHRH analogue alone. Eur Urol . 1997;31:178-181.
54. Lockwood K, Moesgaard S, Hanioka T, Folkers K. Apparent partial remission of breast cancer in 'high risk' patients supplemented with nutritional antioxidants, essential fatty acids and coenzyme Q10. Molec Aspects Med Suppl . 1994;5:S231-S240.
55. Lockwood K., Moesgaard S., Folkers K. Partial and complete regression of breast cancer in patients in relation to dosage of coenzyme Q 10 . Biochem Biophys Res Comm . 1994;199:1504-1508.
56. Lockwood K., Moesgaard S., Yamamoto T., Folkers K. Progress on therapy of breast cancer with vitamin Q 10 and the regression of metastases. Biochem Biophys Res Comm . 1995;212:172-177.
57. Baskett JJ, Broad JB, Wood PC, et al. Does melatonin improve sleep in older people? A randomised crossover trial. Age Ageing . 2003;32:164-170.
58. Cardinali DP, Gvozdenovich E, Kaplan MR, et al. A double blind-placebo controlled study on melatonin efficacy to reduce anxiolytic benzodiazepine use in the elderly. Neuroendocrinol Lett . 2002;23:55-60.
59. Leone M, D'Amico D, Moschiano F, et al. Melatonin versus placebo in the prophylaxis of cluster headache: a double-blind pilot study with parallel groups. Cephalalgia . 1996;16:494-496.
60. Karadottir R, Axelsson J. Melatonin secretion in SAD patients and healthy subjects matched with respect to age and sex. Int J Circumpolar Health . 2001;60:548-551.
61. Rosenthal NE, Sack DA, Jacobsen FM, et al. Melatonin in seasonal affective disorder and phototherapy. J Neural Transm . 1986;21(Suppl):257-267.
62. Lewy AJ, Bauer VK, Cutler NL, Sack RL. Melatonin treatment of winter depression: a pilot study. Psychiatry Res . 1998;77:57-61.
63. Wirz-Justice A, Graw P, Krauchi K, et al. Morning or night-time melatonin is ineffective in seasonal affective disorder. J Psychiatr Res . 1990;24:129-137.
64. Nave R, Iani C, Herer P, et al. Residual effects of daytime administration of melatonin on performance relevant to flight. Behav Brain Res . 2002;131:87-95.
65. Zeitzer J, Daniels J, Duffy J, et al. Do plasma melatonin concentrations decline with age? Am J Med . 1999;107:432-436.
66. Luboshitzky R, Shen-Orr Z, Nave R, et al. Melatonin administration alters semen quality in healthy men. J Androl . 2002;23:572-578.
67. Scheer FA, Van Montfrans GA, Van Someren EJ, et al. Daily nighttime melatonin reduces blood pressure in male patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension . 2004 Jan 19. [Epub ahead of print]
68. Nelson LA, McGuire JM, Hausafus SN. Melatonin for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Ann Pharmacother . 2002;37:1128-31.
69. Gupta M, Aneja S, Kohli K. Add-on melatonin improves quality of life in epileptic children on valproate monotherapy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsy Behav . 2004;5:316-21.
70. Fischer TW, Burmeister G, Schmidt HW, Elsner P. Melatonin increases anagen hair rate in women with androgenetic alopecia or diffuse alopecia: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol . 2004;150:341-345.
71. Pringsheim T, Magnoux E, Dobson CF, et al. Melatonin as adjunctive therapy in the prophylaxis of cluster headache: a pilot study. Headache . 2002;42:787-792.
72. Citera G, Arias MA, Maldonado-Cocco JA, et al. The effect of melatonin in patients with fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Clin Rheumatol . 2000;19:9-13.
73. Secreto G, Chiechi LM, Amadori A, et al. Soy isoflavones and melatonin for the relief of climacteric symptoms: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. Maturitas . 2004;47:11-20.
74. Williams G, Waterhouse J, Mugarza J, et al. Therapy of circadian rhythm disorders in chronic fatigue syndrome: no symptomatic improvement with melatonin or phototherapy. Eur J Clin Invest . 2002;32:831-837.
75. Paul MA, Gray G, MacLellan M, Pigeau RA. Sleep-inducing pharmaceuticals: a comparison of melatonin, zaleplon, zopiclone, and temazepam. Aviat Space Environ Med . 2004;75:512-519.
76. Rogers NL, Kennaway DJ, Dawson D. Neurobehavioural performance effects of daytime melatonin and temazepam administration. J Sleep Res . 2003;12:207-212.
77. Beaumont M, Batejat D, Pierard C, et al. Caffeine or melatonin effects on sleep and sleepiness after rapid eastward transmeridian travel. J Appl Physiol . 2003 Sept 5. [Epub ahead of print]
78. Baskett JJ, Broad JB, Wood PC, et al. Does melatonin improve sleep in older people? A randomised crossover trial. Age Ageing . 2003;32: 164-170.
79. Almeida Montes LG, Ontiveros Uribe MP, Cortes Sotres J, et al. Treatment of primary insomnia with melatonin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. J Psychiatry Neurosci . 2003;28:191-196.
80. Smits MG, Van Stel HF, Van Der Heijden K, et al. Melatonin improves health status and sleep in children with idiopathic chronic sleep-onset insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2003;42:1286-1293.
81. Campos FL, Da Silva-Junior FP, De Bruin VM, et al. Melatonin improves sleep in asthma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2004 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print]
82. Kemp S, Biswas R, Neumann V, et al. The value of melatonin for sleep disorders occurring post-head injury: a pilot RCT. Brain Inj . 2004;18:911-919.
83. Asayama K, Yamadera H, Ito T, et al. Double blind study of melatonin effects on the sleep-wake rhythm, cognitive and non-cognitive functions in Alzheimer type dementia. J Nippon Med Sch . 2003;70:334-341.
84. Leppamaki S, Partonen T, Vakkuri O, et al. Effect of controlled-release melatonin on sleep quality, mood, and quality of life in subjects with seasonal or weather-associated changes in mood and behaviour. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003;13:137-145.
85. Rajaratnam SM, Dijk DJ, Middleton B, et al. Melatonin phase-shifts human circadian rhythms with no evidence of changes in the duration of endogenous melatonin secretion or the 24-hour production of reproductive hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2003;88:430-39.
86. Wyatt JK, Dijk DJ, Ritz-De Cecco A, et al. Sleep-facilitating effect of exogenous melatonin in healthy young men and women is circadian-phase dependent. Sleep . 2006;29:609-618.
87. Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Hooton N, et al. The efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for primary sleep disorders. A meta-analysis. J Gen Intern Med . 2006;20:1151-1158.
88. Cagnacci A, Cannoletta M, Renzi A, et al. Prolonged melatonin administration decreases nocturnal blood pressure in women. Am J Hypertens . 2005;18:1614-1618.
89. Song GH, Leng PH, Gwee KA, et al. Melatonin improves abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome patients who have sleep disturbances: a randomised double blind placebo controlled study. Gut . 2005 May 24. [Epub ahead of print]
90. Lu WZ, Gwee KA, Moochhalla S, et al. Melatonin improves bowel symptoms in female patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther . 2005;22:927-934.
91. Zhdanova IV, Piotrovskaya VR. Melatonin treatment attenuates symptoms of acute nicotine withdrawal in humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav . 2001;67:131-135.
92. Smith MR, Lee C, Crowley SJ, et al. Morning melatonin has limited benefit as a soporific for daytime sleep after night work. Chronobiol Int . 2005;22:873-888.
93. Weiss M, Wasdell M, Bomben M, et al. Sleep hygiene and melatonin treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD and initial insomnia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2006 Mar 10 [Epub ahead of print].
94. Dowling GA, Mastick J, Colling E, et al. Melatonin for sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Sleep Med . 2005 Aug 3 [Epub ahead of print].
95. Samarkandi A, Naguib M, Riad W et al. Melatonin vs. midazolam premedication in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Anaesthesiol . 2005;22:189-96.
96. Kripke DF M D, Kline LE D O, Shadan FF M D Ph D, et al. Melatonin effects on luteinizing hormone in postmenopausal women: A pilot clinical trial NCT00288262. BMC Womens Health . 2006 May 16 [Epub ahead of print].
97. Sutherland ER, Ellison MC, Kraft M, et al. Elevated serum melatonin is associated with the nocturnal worsening of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2003;112:513-517.
98. Campos FL, Da Silva-Junior FP, De Bruin VM, et al. Melatonin improves sleep in asthma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med . 2004 Aug 11. [Epub ahead of print]
99. Sury MR, Fairweather K. The effect of melatonin on sedation of children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging. Br J Anaesth. 2006 Jun 17 [Epub ahead of print].
100. Capuzzo M, Zanardi B, Schiffino E, et al. Melatonin does not reduce anxiety more than placebo in the elderly undergoing surgery. Anesth Analg. 2006;103:121-123.
101. Grossman E, Laudon M, Yalcin R, et al. Melatonin reduces night blood pressure in patients with nocturnal hypertension. Am J Med. 2006;119:898-902.
102. Turkistani A, Abdullah KM, Al-Shaer AA, et al. Melatonin premedication and the induction dose of propofol. Eur J Anaesthesiol . 2006 Nov 10. [Epub ahead of print]
103. Wahab MH, Akoul ES, Abdel-Aziz AA. Modulatory effects of melatonin and vitamin E on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. Tumor . 2000;86:157-162.
104. Oz E, Ilhan MN. Effects of melatonin in reducing the toxic effects of doxorubicin. Mol Cell Biochem . 2006;286:11-15.
105. Oz E, Erbas D, Surucu HS, et al. Prevention of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by melatonin. Mol Cell Biochem . 2005;282:31-37.
106. Kim C, Kim N, Joo H, et al. Modulation by melatonin of the cardiotoxic and antitumor activities of adriamycin. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol . 2005;46:200-210.
107. Balli E, Mete UO, Tuli A, et al. Effect of melatonin on the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. Histol Histopathol . 2004;19:1101-1108.
108. Kocak G, Erbil KM, Ozdemir I, et al. The protective effect of melatonin on adriamycin-induced acute cardiac injury. Can J Cardiol . 2003;19:535-541.
109. Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Sainz RM, et al. Melatonin: reducing the toxicity and increasing the efficacy of drugs. J Pharm Pharmacol . 2002;54:1299-1321.
110. Lissoni P, Barni S, Mandala M, et al. Decreased toxicity and increased efficacy of cancer chemotherapy using the pineal hormone melatonin in metastatic solid tumour patients with poor clinical status. Eur J Cancer . 1999;35:1688-1692.
111. Saha L, Malhotra S, Rana S, et al. A preliminary study of melatonin in irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol . 2007;41:29-32.
112. Van der Heijden KB, Smits MG, Van Someren EJ, et al. Effect of melatonin on sleep, behavior, and cognition in ADHD and chronic sleep-onset insomnia. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry . 2007;46:233-241.
113. Klupinska G, Poplawski T, Drzewoski J, et al. Therapeutic effect of melatonin in patients with functional dyspepsia. J Clin Gastroenterol . 2007;41:270-274.
114. Wirtz PH, Spillmann M, Bartschi C, et al. Oral melatonin reduces blood coagulation activity: a placebo-controlled study in healthy young men. J Pineal Res. 2008;44:127-133.
115. Riemersma-van der Lek RF, Swaab DF, Twisk J, et al. Effect of bright light and melatonin on cognitive and noncognitive function in elderly residents of group care facilities: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299:2642-2655.
116. Otmani S, Demazieres A, Staner C, et al. Effects of prolonged-release melatonin, zolpidem, and their combination on psychomotor functions, memory recall, and driving skills in healthy middle aged and elderly volunteers. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2008 Sep 2.
117. Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Aminian O, Pouryaghoub G, et al. Efficacy and hypnotic effects of melatonin in shift-work nurses: double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Circadian Rhythms. 2008;6:10.
Last reviewed April 2009 by EBSCO CAM Review Board]]>
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright © 2007 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved.


text:
The Best Roofing Services in Ashford, CT 06278
Our Ashford, CT professionals provide roof repair services, roofing services, re-roofing services, maintenance and roofing inspections. The roof is one of the most important parts of your home. In fact, a home is not a home without a good roof. That's because aside from playing a huge role in your home exterior's appearance, your roof should be able to protect you from the sun, rain, wind, hail, dust, and other elements and so keep you, your family, and your valuables safe and comfortable. If you have noticed any dampness in your attic or discoloration on your ceiling, it may be time to call in the experts!
We Can Handle It All Ashford, CT 06278 – (855) 916-2991
Residential Roofing
When choosing a new roof for your home, you want a contractor who has experience, great reviews, and guarantees their work, WE HAVE THAT!
Storm Damage
If you have wind, water, hail or any type of storm damage, you need a roofing contractor that is locally owned and insured with an unlimited license for residential and commercial roof repair or replacement.
Commercial Roofing
Commercial Roof Replacement & Repair, Tenant Build Outs or Restoration. We understand the importance of expediting your project without disrupting your day to day business operations, so you can depend on us for the best quality work, professionalism and on-time project completion.
The highest quality siding and exterior can make a huge difference on how weathertight your home can be.
Our Team Ashford, CT 06278 – (855) 916-2991
With years of experience helping customers improve the comfort and functionality of their homes, we have the skills and extensive knowledge to install your roof correctly the first time. Homeowners know they can depend on us to boost the value and curb appeal of their homes
Services We Offer:
Roofing Repair Ashford, CT
Roof Maintenance CT 06278
Ashford, CT 06278 Roofing Material
Roof Inspection Ashford, CT
Roof Leak Repair service Ashford, CT 06278
Roofing Contractors Ashford, CT
(855) 916-2991
How much does it cost to get a power window fixed in Ashford, CT 06278
How do you fix a top window that fell down?
Can dual pane window be repaired in Ashford, CT 06278
Can home windows be repaired?
What keeps a window from sliding down?
Why is window world so cheap?
How do you get moisture out of double pane windows in Ashford, CT 06278
How much does it cost to repair a double pane window?
How much does it cost to replace a dual pane window?
How much does it cost to fix a broken house window in Ashford, CT 06278
Can Windows be repaired instead of replaced?
How do you fix a house window mechanism?
How do you stop a window from slamming?
Why won't my windows stay up?
How do I get my house window back on track?
Woodstock Valley-CT-Roof-Leak-Repair-06282-Roofing-Contractors
Stafford Springs-CT-Roof-Leak-Repair-06076-Roofing-Contractors
Pomfret Center-CT-Roof-Leak-Repair-06259-Roofing-Contractors
Mansfield Center-CT-Roof-Leak-Repair-06250-Roofing-Contractors


text:
PANDORA's range of earring designs are hand-finished from cool sterling silver, elegant 14k gold-plated unique metal blend, 14ct gold and the innovative blush pink 14k Rose gold-plated metal blend.
Elevate day or night looks with PANDORA's hand-finished drop earrings. Artfully crafted from precious metals – cool sterling silver, warm 14k gold and blush-pink 14k Rose gold-plated – unique and feminine designs create instantly flattering looks.
PANDORA's gold earring collection celebrates personal style and everyday luxury with versatile designs crafted from precious 14ct gold. Ethically sourced and conflict-free, PANDORA's 14ct gold is shaped into beautiful designs that are finished by hand by a team of skilled craftspeople.
PANDORA's range of beautiful hoop earrings span classic signature styles to modern designs. Slender and timeless hoops are cast from high-quality, hypoallergenic sterling silver, 14ct gold or 14k Rose gold-plated metals, hand-finished with intricate details.
Highlight your best angles with 14k gold-plated unique metal blend earrings.
Captivating stone-embellished earrings create bold and beautiful statements that perfectly reflect your unique sense of style. Offered in a range of high-quality materials, from PANDORA's signature sterling silver to solid 14ct gold and blush-pink 14k Rose gold-plated metal blend, PANDORA's stone earrings are hand-finished by skilled craftspeople.
The ultimate jewellery staple, PANDORA's stud earrings are offered up in a range of versatile designs. Spanning the classic to the contemporary, beautiful and feminine motifs mix with cute and cool icons to create a range of stud earrings for each and every woman and occasion.
Sort by...
Join PANDORA Club today and start using your wish list
Start adding items to your wish list today
An email has been sent. You will receive a confirmation email shortly
You've shared your wish list on Facebook
You've shared your wish list on Twitter
Hide items on your wish list before sharing