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Students with IEPs:
This display shows the percentage of students who receive special education and related services in accordance with their Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). Learn More
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Each student who is found eligible for special education and related services receives an Individualized Education Program (IEP) that specifies supplemental services, accommodations, modifications, and supports to enable the student to be involved in, and make progress in, the general education curriculum. The state collects demographic information on all students, including racial and ethnic diversity. There are 14 disability areas, ranging from autism to visual impairment. Schools follow a process mandated by law in identifying students' disabilities and then developing Individualized Education Programs (IEPs).


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What does it mean direct command
Meaning of direct command
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Glossary of computer software and hardware terms
Meaning and definition of direct command :
DIRECT COMMAND - Computer instructions that are carried out immediately upon the pressing of the return key.
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Front Runners List: Click to see list completion progress by climbers that log their climbs using Peakbagger.com.
Compare Climbers: Click to compare ascents of up to 5 climbers working on this list.
New Jersey has a nice variety to its county high points. This list has points in real forested mountains, suburban sprawl, and flat farmland. Passaic and Warren counties are the most serious hikes, with the rest being relatively easy drive-ups or short hikes. Several of these have multiple contours that compete for the high point title, and visting all of them can often be the most time-consuming part of a New Jersey highpointing adventure.
Mike Schwartz of Mendham, NJ has completed this list 13 times as of early 2008.
Sources that were used to help me compile this list include:
= Peak with Rank #1 on List;   = Other Peaks
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World's First 5.14d Onsight!
Alex Megos has climbed Estado Critico at Siurana, Spain, on his first try, making what is possibly the world's first 5.14d onsight.
Alex Megos has climbed Estado Critico at Siurana, Spain, on his first try, making what is possibly the world's first 5.14d onsight. Megos has been on an amazing road trip, having pillaged the U.S. earlier this year with a four month blitz that left him with impressive ascents, such as a flash of Pure Imagination (5.14c) in the Red River Gorge (fifth in the world to flash this grade), and a rare repeat of The Fly (5.14d) in Rumney, New Hampshire. In total Megos, climbed over 100 routes graded 5.13b or harder during his time in the U.S.
Hailing from Erlangen, Germany, the 19-year-old Megos thrives on outdoor climbing and surprisingly does not keep an 8a.nu scorecard. "I don't think it's necessary, " Megos told Rock and Ice. "I don't have the feeling that I have to tell the world what I did every day. It's a bit like competition. I don't feel like taking part."
Though the grade of Estado Critico has been debated, the consensus of the route has now settled at 9a (5.14d), which makes Megos' onsight the first of the coveted 9a (5.14d) grade. Estado Critico, which sits beside the famous La Rambla (5.15a) at the El Pati sector of Siurana, was first climbed by the Spanish powerhouse Ramon Puigblanque in 2004. Originally graded 9a(5.14d), the difficulty of the 40-meter (131-foot) endurance testpiece was debated after Adam Ondra's repeat in 2007. Ondra commented on his 8a.nu scorecard after the ascent, "NEVER 9a [5.14d]". But Ondra's opinion of the route has apparently changed since a hold has broken on Estado Critico. In a 2010 interview with Czechclimbing.com, Ondra expressed his opinion about the breakage after his subsequent repeat of the route's direct start, Golpe de Estado (5.15b).
Ondra stated, "Just to clarify a bit. The hold was not a resting jug, but it helped. Before Estado Critico was more of an endurance problem, now there is a definite crux (but for Golpe it is not the crux). Estado Critico is now significantly harder, from 8c+ [5.14c] to 9a [5.14d]."
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I shared how to embed tweets in a blog post but you may be asking yourself why you'd want to.
You: "So, Sarah, that was cool and all but why would I need tweets on my blog?"
Me: "What?! Because!"
You: …
Me: "It's awesome, that's why!"
You: …
Me: "Okay. I'll tell you."
These embedded tweets are… Psst… Come closer… *whispers* Interactive.
I know, right? How cool is that?! Readers can do anything right from your blog.
- Open your tweet
- Visit your timeline
- Check out a hashtag
- Follow
- Like
- Retweet
- Reply
Everything is clickable. It's basically a live tweet. One that you've highlighted. One that you want to share with your blog readers.
I do like Twitter but, let's face facts, that thing moves like ticker tape. It's so easy to miss tweets from your tweeps. Depending on how often you post, that tweet is going to be much more visible here.
And it doesn't have to be just one. You can make an entire post from tweets. Maybe you've had an interesting conversation about traditional vs indie publishing. Or the best way to make brownies. Or whether spiders or rats have had better PR. (I've had that last convo quite recently: Mickey Mouse and Spider-Man. It was weird.)
Regardless, it makes for a fun post and people can interact with each tweet by liking, retweeting, and even replying to it right from your blog.
- Catch tweeps who may have missed your tweet.
- Reach blog buddies who may not be following you on Twitter.
- Create synergy between your blog and social media.
- Highlight content from Twitter.
- Create a blog post composed entirely of tweets (e.g. a compilation of micro fiction).
- Get inspiration. Transform a tweet into a longer piece.
- Promote your writing…new releases, cover reveals, trailers, etc.
- Ask a question on your blog with a Twitter poll. *
This allows readers to…well…follow you.
Your name/avi brings readers directly to your timeline. (They can open a specific tweet by clicking on the time/date of the embedded tweet.)
Readers can reply to your tweet right here.
A pop-up box appears, they write 140 characters (or less) in reply to you, then click "tweet". This shows up on their timeline and yours. Nice!
Let's try this, shall we? I'll embed a tweet or two, you have fun:
"No, no. Look," she grabbed the spoon. "You have to stir it slowly. Poison isn't instant pudding! Pay attention."#FP
— Sarah Brentyn (@SarahBrentyn) October 21, 2016
Everyone has emotional baggage, some just refuse to fill out the ID tags. #FP
— Sarah Brentyn (@SarahBrentyn) July 31, 2015
* I tried a poll a few years ago and, when I posted about it, most bloggers said they hadn't seen the poll on Twitter. If you embed it, both your blogging friends and your tweeps can vote.
The worst way writers procrastinate (instead of finishing their WIPs)… #amwriting #writerslife #socialmedia
— Sarah Brentyn (@SarahBrentyn) May 28, 2017
Hope you found some fun ways to use a tweet on your blog. Remember…a well-placed tweet can make a good post great. (I just made that up but it's kind of cool.) 🙂
Happy blogging (and tweeting) days, my friends!


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Today's Music: Yamit Momo – My Angel Put The Devil In Me
Here we are again, for what aspires to be the inanest way to spend a Friday on the internet! But what do I do the rest of the week? Why, read blogs of course. Here's some of what I saw…
GingerFightBack put up another great anti-bullying post. Ristinw shared her cool pic of a life size aquarium. And McCrabass gave us some strongly worded thoughts about reality TV.
Finally, kmushbeauty nominated me for a Shine On Award! She has a great site, and I hope you all get a chance to check it out!
Thanks everyone, for another great week of reading here in the sphere.
And let's not forgot that during the week, y'all answered the poll! Last week we (who the hell is this "we"?!?) asked you to channel your inner superhero and tell us(???) what is your kryptonite. Here's what you said. As always, my comments are clad in italics. And spandex.)
Procrastination and poor planning. Curse my self-imposed weaknesses! –Brian
(Eh, curse it tomorrow.)
Someone who works for the gubment with a positive IQ-I would die of shock. Red.
(The smart ones don't admit it…)
Leaving my bed. — Lily In Canada
(That makes me very curious as to what your superpower is!)
the mirror. It has no manners. butimbeautiful.
(I like to place another mirror directly across from it to confuse it into submission.)
Baptized Christian babies;overcooked. –Rachael B
(An ounce of sauce coverss a multitude of…sins…)
Algebra. Seriously. Any algebra makes me melt into a puddle of quivering flesh
(Woah! We were asking for kryptonite, not turn ons!)
Boobies!!! – Revis
(On behalf of men everywhere, Yes.)
My wife's glances – Hotspur
(Yeah! How are we supposed to have any fun when they're always watchi- Oh…that's sweet…)
Negativity….we're still breathing and that's a positive. (polysyllabicprofundities)
(Until you look at the air quality reports…)
A pony bearing Jameson whiskey gifts and clove cigarettes!
(But to be fair, that only happens once or twice a month.)
Good chocolate. (Addie)
(Is there any other kind?!?)
El Gaupo
(I'm so tempted to make this the winner.)
Getting into the costume. (SilkPurseProductions)
(Naked Superheroing is all the rage in Metropolis.)
blog awards. thematticuskingdom.wordpress.com
(Wait- we can get awards for these???)
people walking slowly in crosswalks. thematticuskingdom.wordpress.com
(If the targets are slow, the point values go waaaay down…)
I'm a superhero everyday…pshhhh… or it might be the meds- Bipolarmuse
(I'll have what she's having!)
A severe lack of coffee in the morning. Kayjai
(I'll reply to this as soon as I wake up…)
existentialism on Fridays (Stacy)
(Fortunately, you're safe here. As are the thoughts of man drifting through the tumultuous swirl of tHE COSMOS INT– Crap, sorry!)
A man in his undies running on a hamster wheel…HA! zannyro
(My god, I think you just described my life.)
the cherry on top, it's always the cherry that kills anything good! Marie Nicole
(Yeah, but if it were on the bottom, you'd never see if coming.)
egg salad and mayonnaise – it makes me FUNICULAR! Rutabaga
(Pork chops and applesauce. And I'll take the bus.)
A naked Tiki bar … Thanks Rachael. (Frank)
(One man's kryptonite is another man's home away from home…)
Yellow Lederhosen! SnaapALong G.
(Can a secret desire be kryptonite?)
A wedgie. I hate those tights. Elyse 54.5
(I thought thongs were supposed to do that…)
Freeze dried icecream as served on the shuttle – Kanerva
(But think what we can get from the Martians for $4 of that!)
country western Music (SnB)
(Wait – which kind – Country or western?)
This week, no winner, just to keep you on your toes! And from the offered choices, the most popular was Kryptonite, jackass. Sheesh.. So congratulations to all you way-too-literal folks out there.
This week, the roving poll eye turns its attention to healthcare. Because I'm spending way too much time visiting health facilities.
But it isn't to trash the state of medicine in the US, it's to marvel at the technology. Yes, hospital beds! They can do all sorts of amazing things. But what else should they be able to do? Well, that's this weeks poll.
Answer often, answer in good health. but answer by 2359 EST, on Wed 26 June,because that's when this one closes.
And if you leave an "Other" answer, leave a way to identify you,and I'll link back next week.
And as we slide off into the weekend, I'll leave you with these.
First, keeping with the medical theme…
And finally, oh, what the hell. Lily Tomlin!
Have a great weekend everyone!


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Moral Psychology Primer
Posted by The Situationist Staff on May 27, 2008
Long thought to be a topic of enquiry within the humanities, the nature of human morality is increasingly being scrutinised by the natural sciences. This shift is now beginning to provide impressive intellectual returns on investment. Philosophers, psychologists, neuroscientists, economists, primatologists and anthropologists, all borrowing liberally from each others' insights, are putting together a novel picture of morality—a trend that University of Virginia psychologist Jonathan Haidt has described as the "new synthesis in moral psychology." The picture emerging shows the moral sense to be the product of biologically evolved and culturally sensitive brain systems that together make up the human "moral faculty."
A pillar of the new synthesis is a renewed appreciation of the powerful role played by intuitions in producing our ethical judgements. Our moral intuitions, argue Haidt and other psychologists, derive not from our powers of reasoning, but from an evolved and innate suite of "affective" systems that generate "hot" flashes of feelings when we are confronted with a putative moral violation.
This intuitionist perspective marks a sharp break from traditional "rationalist" approaches in moral psychology, which gained a large following in the second half of the 20th century under the stewardship of the late Harvard psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg. In the Kohlbergian tradition, moral verdicts derive from the application of conscious reasoning, and moral development throughout our lives reflects our improved ability to articulate sound reasons for the verdicts . . . .
But experimental studies give cause to question the primacy of rationality in morality. In one experiment, Jonathan Haidt presented people with a range of peculiar stories, each of which depicted behaviour that was harmless (in that no sentient being was hurt) but which also felt "bad" or "wrong." One involved a son who promised his mother, while she was on her deathbed, that he would visit her grave every week, and then reneged on his commitment because he was busy. Another scenario told of a man buying a dead chicken at the supermarket and then having sex with it before cooking and eating it. These weird but essentially harmless acts were, nonetheless, by and large deemed to be immoral.
Further evidence that emotions are in the driving seat of morality surfaces when people are probed on why they take their particular moral positions. In a separate study which asked subjects for their ethical views on consensual incest, most people intuitively felt that incestuous sex is wrong, but when asked why, many gave up, saying, "I just know it's wrong!"—a phenomenon Haidt calls "moral dumbfounding."
It's hard to argue that people are rationally working their way to moral judgements when they can't come up with any compelling reasons—or sometimes any reasons at all—for their moral verdicts. Haidt suggests that the judgements are based on intuitive, emotional responses, and that conscious reasoning comes into its own in creating post hoc justifications for our moral stances. Our powers of reason, in this view, operate more like a lawyer hired to defend a client than a disinterested scientist searching for the truth.
Our rational and rhetorical skill is also recruited from time to time as a lobbyist. Haidt points out that the reasons—whether good or bad—that we offer for our moral views often function to press the emotional buttons of those we wish to bring around to our way of thinking. So even when explicit reasons appear to have the effect of changing people's moral opinions, the effect may have less to do with the logic of the arguments than their power to elicit the right emotional responses. We may win hearts without necessarily converting minds. . . .
Even if you recognise the tendency to base moral judgements on how moral violations make you feel, you probably would also like to think that you have some capacity to think through moral issues, to weigh up alternative outcomes and make a call on what is right and wrong.
Thankfully, neuroscience gives some cause for optimism. Philosopher-cum-cognitive scientist Joshua Greene of Harvard University and his colleagues have used functional magnetic resonance imaging to map the brain as it churns over moral problems, inspired by a classic pair of dilemmas from the annals of moral philosophy called the Trolley Problem and the Footbridge Problem. [For a review of Greene's research, click here.]
* * *
What is going on in the brain when people mull over these different scenarios? Thinking through cases like the Trolley Problem—what Greene calls an impersonal moral dilemma as it involves no direct violence against another person—increases activity in brain regions located in the prefrontal cortex that are associated with deliberative reasoning and cognitive control (so-called executive functions). This pattern of activity suggests that impersonal moral dilemmas such as the Trolley Problem are treated as straightforward rational problems: how to maximise the number of lives saved. By contrast, brain imaging of the Footbridge Problem—a personal dilemma that invokes up-close and personal violence—tells a rather different story. Along with the brain regions activated in the Trolley Problem, areas known to process negative emotional responses also crank up their activity. In these more difficult dilemmas, people take much longer to make a decision and their brains show patterns of activity indicating increased emotional and cognitive conflict within the brain as the two appalling options are weighed up.
Greene interprets these different activation patterns, and the relative difficulty of making a choice in the Footbridge Problem, as the sign of conflict within the brain. On the one hand is a negative emotional response elicited by the prospect of pushing a man to his death saying "Don't do it!"; on the other, cognitive elements saying "Save as many people as possible and push the man!" For most people thinking about the Footbridge Problem, emotion wins out; in a minority of others, the utilitarian conclusion of maximising the number of lives saved.
* * *
While there is a growing consensus that the moral intuitions revealed by moral dilemmas such as the Trolley and Footbridge problems draw on unconscious psychological processes, there is an emerging debate about how best to characterise these unconscious elements.
On the one hand is the dual-processing view, in which "hot" affectively-laden intuitions that militate against personal violence are sometimes pitted against the ethical conclusions of deliberative, rational systems. An alternative perspective that is gaining increased attention sees our moral intuitions as driven by "cooler," non-affective general "principles" that are innately built into the human moral faculty and that we unconsciously follow when assessing social behaviour.
In order to find out whether such principles drive moral judgements, scientists need to know how people actually judge a range of moral dilemmas. In recent years, Marc Hauser, a biologist and psychologist at Harvard, has been heading up the Moral Sense Test (MST) project to gather just this sort of data from around the globe and across cultures.
The project is casting its net as wide as possible: the MST can be taken by anyone with access to the internet. Visitors to the "online lab" are presented with a series of short moral scenarios—subtle variations of the original Footbridge and Trolley dilemmas, as well as a variety of other moral dilemmas. The scenarios are designed to explore whether, and how, specific factors influence moral judgements. Data from 5,000 MST participants showed that people appear to follow a moral code prescribed by three principles:
• The action principle: harm caused by action is morally worse than equivalent harm caused by omission.
• The intention principle: harm intended as the means to a goal is morally worse than equivalent harm foreseen as the side-effect of a goal.
• The contact principle: using physical contact to cause harm to a victim is morally worse than causing equivalent harm to a victim without using physical contact.
Crucially, the researchers also asked participants to justify their decisions. Most people appealed to the action and contact principles; only a small minority explicitly referred to the intention principle. Hauser and colleagues interpret this as evidence that some principles that guide our moral judgments are simply not available to, and certainly not the product of, conscious reasoning. These principles, it is proposed, are an innate and universal part of the human moral faculty, guiding us in ways we are unaware of. In a (less elegant) reformulation of Pascal's famous claim that "The heart has reasons that reason does not know," we might say "The moral faculty has principles that reason does not know."
The notion that our judgements of moral situations are driven by principles of which we are not cognisant will no doubt strike many as implausible. Proponents of the "innate principles" perspective, however, can draw succour from the influential Chomskyan idea that humans are equipped with an innate and universal grammar for language as part of their basic design spec. In everyday conversation, we effortlessly decode a stream of noise into meaningful sentences according to rules that most of us are unaware of, and use these same rules to produce meaningful phrases of our own. Any adult with normal linguistic competence can rapidly decide whether an utterance or sentence is grammatically valid or not without conscious recourse to the specific rules that determine grammaticality. Just as we intuitively know what we can and cannot say, so too might we have an intuitive appreciation of what is morally permissible and what is forbidden.
Marc Hauser and legal theorist John Mikhail of Georgetown University have started to develop detailed models of what such an "innate moral grammar" might look like. Such models usually posit a number of key components, or psychological systems. One system uses "conversion rules" to break down observed (or imagined) behaviour into a meaningful set of actions, which is then used to create a "structural description" of the events. This structural description captures not only the causal and temporal sequence of events (what happened and when), but also intentional aspects of action (was the outcome intended as a means or a side effect? What was the intention behind the action?).
With the structural description in place, the causal and intentional aspects of events can be compared with a database of unconscious rules, such as "harm intended as a means to an end is morally worse than equivalent harm foreseen as the side-effect of a goal." If the events involve harm caused as a means to the greater good (and particularly if caused by the action and direct contact of another person), then a judgement of impermissibility is more likely to be generated by the moral faculty. In the most radical models of the moral grammar, judgements of permissibility and impermissibility occur prior to any emotional response. Rather than driving moral judgements, emotions in this view arise as a by-product of unconsciously reached judgements as to what is morally right and wrong
Hauser argues that a similar "principles and parameters" model of moral judgement could help make sense of universal themes in human morality as well as differences across cultures (see below). There is little evidence about how innate principles are affected by culture, but Hauser has some expectations as to what might be found. If the intention principle is really an innate part of the moral faculty, then its operation should be seen in all cultures. However, cultures might vary in how much harm as a means to a goal they typically tolerate, which in turn could reflect how extensively that culture sanctions means-based harm such as infanticide (deliberately killing one child so that others may flourish, for example). These intriguing though speculative ideas await a thorough empirical test.
* * *
Although current studies have only begun to scratch the surface, the take-home message is clear: intuitions that function below the radar of consciousness are most often the wellsprings of our moral judgements. . . .
Despite the knocking it has received, reason is clearly not entirely impotent in the moral domain. We can reflect on our moral positions and, with a bit of effort, potentially revise them. An understanding of our moral intuitions, and the unconscious forces that fuel them, give us perhaps the greatest hope of overcoming them.
* * *
To read the entire article, click here. To reaad some related Situationist posts, see "Quick Introduction to Experimental (Situationist?) Philosophy," and "Pinker on the Situation of Morality."
5 Responses to "Moral Psychology Primer"
May 30, 2008 at 10:15 am
[…] on The Emerging Moral Psychology in April's Prospect Magazine, an article I came across through The Situationist. He could just have easily called it the emerging moral neuroanthropology, for here is his opening, […]
June 17, 2008 at 1:14 am
[…] by The Situationist Staff on June 17, 2008 We recently published a post called the "Moral Psychology Primer," which briefly highlighted the emerging work of several prominent moral psychologists, […]
November 29, 2011 at 6:49 pm
Obat Kuat…
[…]Moral Psychology Primer « The Situationist[…]…
September 1, 2014 at 3:15 pm
[…] any rate, it turns out that moral psychology is a real thing. It started with Plato who believed that to "know the good is to do the […]


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THEATER THURSDAY: Bryan Cranston thrills student leaders at matinee
NEW YORK — Bryan Cranston may play a powerful U.S. president on Broadway, but on Wednesday he was outnumbered by about 70 leaders.
The freshly Tony Award-nominated star of "All the Way" joined seven other company actors after the matinee to answer questions about acting and politics from a large group of class presidents and student council officials from over 50 New York City public high schools.
Cranston plays President Lyndon B. Johnson in Robert Schenkkan's play about L.B.J.'s bumpy first term. The play explores Martin Luther King Jr.'s attempts to keep his movement from fragmenting, the growing war in Vietnam and a snooping FBI led by J. Edgar Hoover.
One student wanted to know how Cranston went from Walter White, the sinister meth lord in the TV series "Breaking Bad," to playing Johnson, an irascible, foul-mouthed old-school politician.
"The transition was actually very smooth," Cranston said, as the students laughed. "There are a lot of similarities there. More than I care to say. They are two dynamic men with tremendous determination and goals who had also had enflamed egos, which ultimately was their downfall."
Cranston was joined in the talkback by actors Betsy Aidem, Michael McKean, Susannah Schulman, Roslyn Ruff, Peter Jay Fernandez, Brandon J. Dirden and Christopher Liam Moore. All were in street clothes and sat on the lip of the stage.
Victoria Sottile, an English and drama teacher at The Leon M. Goldstein High School for the Sciences, brought three students from Brooklyn and said she loved the experience.
"As an educational method, art is wonderful way for people to be taught," she said. "And that's the thing about theater — you get everything: You get people working together, you get history, you get art, you get music."
The students, who had been invited to see the play in partnership with the New York City Department of Education, asked about the research the actors did, how they got their starts and how lawmakers have changed since the 1960s. For some of the students, it was the first time in a Broadway theater.
"For these kids in New York City — the cultural capital of the world — sometimes we can be really insular," said Peter Avery, with the education department's Office of Arts and Special Projects, which helped set up the event. "It's important for them to see that there is a present, but there's also a past that got them here, and that they are the future."
Rob McIntosh, a teacher at the Brooklyn High School of the Arts, brought two students but would love it if the entire humanities department came.
"You can't possibly take it in the same way out of a book or video clips than when you spend two hours living this period of history with people who are bringing them to life," he said. "There's no comparison."
That was echoed by one of his students, Victoria Queliz, a student council president and theater major. "It's a great experience to just sit there and watch people actually live in the moment and live in the world that they're in instead of our world. A lot is different and you can see how times have changed," she said.
But she turned even more serious when it came time to evaluate Cranston's chances of earning a Tony Award in June.
"If he doesn't win, I'm going to sue," she said.


text:
CEO's religious beliefs shouldn't apply to employees
Your right to swing your fist ends where my nose begins.
That bit of live and let live wisdom, usually attributed — some say misattributed — to Oliver Wendell Holmes, provides a useful framework for considering a high profile case argued before the Supreme Court last week. The Affordable Care Act requires businesses, if they provide health insurance for their employees, to include contraceptive care in that coverage.
Hobby Lobby, a chain of arts and crafts stores, and Conestoga Wood Specialties, a cabinet maker, say doing so would require them to violate their religious beliefs. Both argue — erroneously, according to medical experts — that drugs and devices sanctioned by the FDA for contraception actually induce abortions.
This is only the latest of a series of incidents in recent years in which it has been argued that religious conscience ought to give people and businesses exemption from providing ordinary and customary services to the general public.
In 2005, pharmacists in a number of states refused to fill prescriptions for women seeking contraception. Some specifically declined to serve unmarried women; some confiscated the prescriptions and would not give them back. They cited religious conscience.
In 2007, Muslim cab drivers in Minneapolis-St. Paul fought for the right to reject passengers carrying alcohol or being assisted by seeing-eye dogs. They cited religious conscience.
This year, legislators in Arizona, Kansas and other states tried or are trying to pass laws allowing businesses to refuse service to gay men and lesbians. They cite religious conscience.
Now there is this. And the crazy part? The companies do not even have to offer their employees medical insurance. Under the ACA, they could opt out and allow workers to buy their own insurance from an exchange. Instead, they have gone before the top court, arguing religious conscience.
And court watchers say the justices — or at least the conservative wing — gave that argument a sympathetic hearing in last week's session. That is an ominous sign.
There is nothing wrong with religious conscience, with saying there are things that, as a matter of faith, you will not do. If a cabbie does not wish to drink alcohol or own a dog, that's his business. If some state legislator does not wish to be involved in a same-sex relationship, that's her prerogative. If a Hobby Lobby executive has no interest in contraceptive care, fine.
But they do not get to make those decisions for everybody else.
One hopes the Supremes get that. Because slopes do not get much slipperier than this one. If we carve out an exemption for businesses claiming religious conscience to refuse services, where does it end? What happens when some corporation claims its religious scruples prevent it from hiring women or people of other faiths — or no faith — or from paying for health care that includes vaccinations or blood transfusion?
One hopes that the Supremes will reign in these overreaching corporations. Tell them on behalf of us all: Watch where you're swinging your fists.
Leonard Pitts Jr. is a columnist for the Miami Herald. Write to him in care of the Miami Herald, 1 Herald Plaza, Miami, FL 33132, or via email at email@example.com.


text:
Allow me to welcome Alexandre Gabriel, President and Owner, of Cognac Ferrand to my website.
Alexandre Gabriel was born in France, on a farm in southern Burgundy near the medieval town of Cluny, where his grandfather taught him how to make wine and distill spirits. He went to university in Lyon, and then in the U.S. as an exchange student, before returning to Paris to attend business school. More than 20 years ago, Alexandre came upon an ancient and almost defunct Cognac house. Through his passion and his vision, Alexandre Gabriel turned this small Cognac House into a specialized house of artisan spirits before the term was even coined. He re-built what is known today as Cognac Ferrand, in the heart of the Grande Champagne district of Cognac.
Mr. Gabriel believes in making spirits for people who enjoy the epicurean life and for the bartenders that make these epicurean libations possible.
I was given the opportunity to conduct an email interview with Alexandre Gabriel here on my website, and to my delight, Mr. Gabriel exceeded all of my expectations sharing his energy and passion for Craft Spirits. Mr. Gabriel shares how he "fell into a barrel of Cognac" when he was "only 2 years into drinking age by American standards". He explains why craft spirits are so important to Cognac Ferrand, and whether or not he is he is leading the spirits world into the realms of madness.
We discuss not only Cognac, but also Gin, Vodka and Rum, and then Mr. Gabriel shares not only two of his favourite cocktails with me, but also (after a certain amount of wailing and gnashing of the teeth), his favourite or most treasured spirit which Alexandre would wish for if he were to be stranded on a deserted island…
Here is a link to the full interview:


text:
Teacher fired for MCAS violation reinstate
A Kingston Intermediate School teacher fired last year after accusations she improperly helped students taking the MCAS exam has returned to work in the Silver Lake Regional School District.
Under a settlement between the Kingston Teachers Association and the district, veteran teacher Lisa Desharnais was returned to the district's payroll on July 23. She will not receive back pay as part of the settlement, but will not lose seniority or other benefits as a result of her year away from the district. Before she was fired, she had worked in the district for 10 years.
Will Evans, an attorney for the Massachusetts Teachers Association, said that Desharnais worked part of the past year teaching in a private school.
In a joint statement, Kingston Teachers Association president Stacia Leavitt and Silver Lake Superintendent Dana Parker said there was "inconclusive" evidence that Desharnais gave students improper assistance on the 2006 MCAS exams, and that the two sides decided to settle the matter.
A parent who contacted The Patriot Ledger said that during the administration of a third-grade MCAS test, Desharnais supposedly had told students they needed to recheck their work if she tapped their desk when she walked by. Several parents who spoke with the Patriot Ledger at the time said they were dismayed by Desharnais' quick firing and were upset because they felt she was a good teacher.
Desharnais is now working at Kingston Elementary School as a teacher in its Title I reading program. She has been on the job since being reinstated, performing administrative work and preparing for the school year, Evans said.
Desharnais was fired on Aug. 21, 2006 after a parent made a complaint to the intermediate school's principal, Doris Claypool, who has since left to work elsewhere. At the time, Silver Lake Superintendent Dana Parker said the school fired Desharnais after investigating the complaint.
In a statement released by the Massachusetts Teachers Association, Desharnais said she was eager to return to work.
"I am pleased to be able to put this matter behind me and get back to doing what I do best - teaching," she said.
Reached at her home in Halifax, Desharnais said she could not comment beyond her statement; Evans, the laywer for the union, said the parties had agreed not to discuss details of the settlement.
Also in a statement from the Massachusetts Teachers Association, Kingston Teachers Association president Stacia Leavitt said: "I'm saddened that she was accused in the first place, but relieved and glad to see her return to work."
Evans said that the school district and Desharnais met during six days of hearings before an arbitrator between March and July before settling the matter. He said at least a dozen witnesses were called to testify.
"We were consistent throughout that at no point did she offer inappropriate assistance," Evans said.
Evans said that Desharnais had no previous blemishes on her record and that the school district didn't raise any other issues regarding her performance in the course of the arbitration.
One parent of a student at Kingston Intermediate whose son had Desharnais in class said she was pleased to see her returned to the teaching ranks.
"She was one of his best teachers in every way," said Laura Lundstedt. "I think it's great news that we're getting her back and I'm sure she's going to prove that she's a really good teacher."
Parker announced last week that he would resign from Silver Lake after two years as superintendent to take a job with the May Institute, a school for autistic children in Randolph. He said Monday the settlement had no bearing on his departure from Silver Lake.
Julie Jette of The Patriot Ledger (Quincy, Mass.) may be reached at email@example.com.


text:
With the Let Teddy Win movement becoming national news, the Nationals are ironically trying to jump on the bandwagon.
The Nationals social media team introduced the #Teddyin2012 hashtag, implying that they somehow want to see Teddy win, along with a new Teddy-focused page on Nationals.com.
The page prominently features the quote from Teddy's "Man in the Arena" speech that has been featured on Let Teddy Win t-shirts and was quoted by Arizona Senator John McCain in the recent Ken Burns video that has been running on various ESPN shows this week.
The team also announced that fans attending next week's final homestand of the season October 1-3 will receive a Teddy-themed giveaway.
The first 20,000 fans On Monday October 1st will receive Eye Black Strips ("Teddy" for one eye and "26" for the other). On Tuesday the 2nd, it's Teddy bumper stickers for the first 20,000 fans, and on fan appreciation day Wednesday the 3rd, it's Teddy pins for the first 20,000 fans.
I think I need at least 40 sets of those eye black strips.


text:
Be aware of recent 2009 Jaguar Xk recalls to always be safe on the road.
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text:
Medication and effective behavioural therapy work together as a great formula to speed up drug rehab doctoring. These are two important elements of a therapeutic process which often start with detoxification followed by intensive treatment and relapse deterrence. Warding off withdrawal symptoms in drug rehab doctoring is critical to begin the formal treatment procedure, whereas deterring relapse is vital to maintain its effects. Also, like other chronic health conditions, relapse episodes might require one to go back to previous treatment constituents.
Medication for Addiction Treatment
It can be used to assist with several other aspects of addiction treatment.
1. Withdrawal
Medicine helps suppress the withdrawal signs and symptoms during Meth Withdrawal Symptoms the detoxification process. Medically assisted detoxification is not the complete addiction doctoring solution, but only a small part of the process.
2. Treatment
Medicine can help re-establish normal brain function as well as deter relapse and ward off substance cravings during drug rehab doctoring. At present, there are certain medications developed for addiction doctoring for alcohol, tobacco (nicotine), and opioids (heroin, morphine). Medicine is also being developed for addiction doctoring of cannabis (marijuana) and stimulants (methamphetamine, cocaine).
Behavioural Addiction Treatment
Behavioural doctoring helps patients participate in the drug rehab doctoring and mainly change their behaviour and attitudes. These therapies accentuate the medical treatment process for quicker and lifelong treatment.
1. Outpatient Behavioural Treatment
This form of behavioural treatment is inclusive of a wide assortment of methods for drug rehab doctoring for patients who visit the facilities at regular intervals. Mostly, these programs are based on group or one-to-one counselling. A lot of programs also proffer various other kinds of behavioural doctoring. These include cognitive-behavioural therapy, multidimensional family therapy, motivational interviewing, and motivational incentives (contingency management).
2. Residential Treatment
Residential doctoring programs can be beneficial for patients who are suffering from deep-rooted damage because of drug abuse. For instance, TC's (Therapeutic Communities) are highly structured rehab programs during which the patients continue to live at their own residence, generally for a period of 6 to 12 months. Therapeutic Communities differ from other drug rehab doctoring methods principally because of their use of community treatment staff and recovering patients to implement changes to influence perceptions, attitudes and the behaviour of the patients.
The major focus of all drug rehab centres is to re-socialize the patients to lead drug-free lifestyles with greater productivity. However, it should be noted that both the treatment and the healing process can be prolonged depending on the nature and strength of damages incurred both physically and psychologically.


text:
Stunning and exactly what we had hoped for
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Fill in registration form or use Facebook Connect. Manage the checkout process quick and easy. Join us and stay in touch with FEINFEIN.
- Handcrafted in 925 sterling silver
- Personalized with hidden message on the back
- Length: 6 cm // 2.4 inch (classic tie) or 5 cm // 2 inch (slimmer tie)
- Surface finish in light mat durable for scratches and fingerprints


text:
Leather Flip Top Wallet Case for Apple iPhone 8
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text: These delicious, to-style, beer recipes kits were designed by John Palmer, author of the best selling book How to Brew. John also co-wrote Brewing Classic Styles, along with pro brewer Jamil Zainasheff, and the recipes come directly from this great book. Every kit includes Briess DME, hops, yeast, and a grain bag. Also included are Briess specialty malts and brewing enzymes where called for. Because these kits use the more expensive Dried Malt Extract you can be assured the color will come out as designed, as DME does not darken when stored. Benefit from kits designed by one of the industry legends. All kits are designed to BJCP beer style guidelines for color, gravity, and flavor so they can easily be entered into brewing competitions.


text:
Use this page to purchase books by or about Sun Tzu. You may access pre-formulated searches based on the author and his works or select from a list of specific titles. For more options, including links to purchase titles in the Loeb Classical Library, return to the main page for buying books.
If you can't find a book in print, you may want to consult AbeBooks or Alibris, two popular listers of used books.
Pre-formulated Searches
Search for the following names in the Amazon.com online bookstore:
Sun Tzu
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Prices are taken from Amazon.com, which carries all of the books listed.
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text:
Why You Bought That
Posted by The Situationist Staff on September 6, 2007
Christina Binkley had an terrific article last month in the Wall Street Journal on "How Luxury Brands Alter Shoppers' Price Perceptions." We have excerpted portions of the article below.
* * *
What is too much to spend on a suit?
The question weighed on Barry Schwartz as he scanned the racks at Boyds men's store in Philadelphia, which were laden with $3,000 Brioni suits. "Their prices were just out of the world," recalls Mr. Schwartz, a professor of psychology at Swarthmore College.
We've all been there: A window display or a recommendation lures us into a store — and we face unexpectedly astronomical price tags. It seems to happen more often these days as many luxury brands — selling everything from $14,000 Ralph Lauren handbags to $899 Bugaboo baby strollers and $6,900 Beefeater barbecue grills — push their top price points higher than they've ever gone before. What's priced below falls into that ever-expanding category: "affordable luxury."
Some people cut and run when confronted with prices that seem crazy. But many of us experience a sudden emotional-mathematical transformation. We set a new ceiling for a "reasonable" price. Disinclined to go all the way to buy the trophy, we instead settle for a consolation prize. Mr. Schwartz, a jeans-wearing type, walked out of Boyds with a suit that cost merely $800 — the most he'd ever spent on an item of clothing.
"If you're in that world long enough, $800 stops even feeling like a lot of money," Mr. Schwartz says.
This concept is one of the reasons for the proliferation of $300 designer sunglasses these days. The fact that Ralph Lauren is charging $14,000 or so for an alligator "Ricky" handbag makes it easier for a consumer to justify in her mind paying $300 for a rather simple sweater. Many Chanel sunglass owners are actually would-be owners of Chanel suits. Something similar has happened to many owners of Tiffany keychains, Prada legwarmers, Coach wallets, and Frette tea towels.
When shoppers are confronted with prices they can't afford, a smart retailer will "move you right along to where you can salvage your pride," says Dan Hill, president of Sensory Logic, a Minneapolis consulting company that helps companies explore their sensory and emotional connections with customers.
Pride, Mr. Hill points out, "is a mixture of anger and happiness." That pretty much describes the whole shopping experience at those moments when we're outpriced (anger), then soothe ourselves with a smaller splurge (happiness).
* * *Given that accessories like sunglasses, fragrances, and logoed belts drive the sales of companies like Gucci and Louis Vuitton, such consolation prizes account for a very sizable chunk of the luxury business these days.
* * *
As for Prof. Schwartz, with his $800 suit, "I got sucked in. And I knew what was happening," he says. . . .
Mr. Schwartz calls the top-priced goods "anchors." Anchors, he says, set the ceilings on prices of objects that don't have a clear value.
That is just about everything in luxury goods and fashion. In fact, that's one reason why some in the luxury fashion industry are irritated with retailers like Target and Zara: They're seen as setting the ceilings too low.
* * *
To read this article in its entirety, click here. For a previous Situationist post discussing the effect of "irrelevant third options" on people's political choices, go to "Irrelevant Third Options in Presidential Campaigns." For an earlier post discussing aspects of Barry Schwartz's research, go to "Just Choose It!"
2 Responses to "Why You Bought That"
September 6, 2007 at 1:40 pm
I did this a couple of months ago when buying a new suit. Most were roughly $600, but I found one at $250. But wait! There was a deal where if I got 2 it would only be $250 for the second one.
I left spending over $1,100.
This all points to our tendency to reference when making decisions. It doesn't just occur in shopping, but in picking relationships, friends and activities as well.
January 28, 2008 at 12:04 am
[…] other problems, in addition to a heightened chance for regret, posed by to much choice, read "Why You Bought That," "Just Choose It," and "Can't Get No Satisfaction" (Part […]


text:
As the last day of class approaches for the world's first WordPress College Course at Clark College in Vancouver, Washington, and the next one begins in a couple weeks (filling fast), I'd like to share some lessons my students taught me about WordPress – and teaching.
They taught me humility and pride. I stand truly humbled in front of them, dazzled at their brilliance in word, design, and code. I'm proud because in spite of me as a novice Adjunct Professor, they succeeded. Dazzlingly so. I will miss each one and the way they creatively attacked WordPress and made it theirs. Luckily, I will continue working with them as they now serve as the new leaders in WordPress education to help get WordPress into the core curriculum in Washington State and around the country and further.
I also learned a lot about WordPress, and teaching and training WordPress. After 18 years teaching and training content strategies, user experience, web design and development, and 8 years of WordPress, I thought I had it all figured out. The students and general public attending the WordPress class at Clark College challenged me with new ways of thinking about WordPress and web publishing.
The students came from a wide variety of backgrounds and experiences. Some were on their last few months of school, ready to complete their two or three year degrees in web design, development, and programming. A few of these will make WordPress their design and development choice, counting upon WordPress for their future income. Some were business professionals eager to get more WordPress knowledge and experience and WordPress as a college course on their resume. Others were writers, authors, and editors eager to learn more about how to use WordPress in their jobs. Some had advanced technical code experience and some could barely use a web browser. It was all over the map and truly representative of WordPress users around the world.
In other words, a great ecosystem of WordPress users to teach me more about how WordPress works or should work.
If You Want WordPress Checked for Bugs, Unleash College Students Upon It
I've a long laundry list of WordPress, WordPress.com, and WordPress Theme bugs and issues to lay on the development team. The students pushed and pulled WordPress, especially WordPress.com, in every direction.
Some of students stumbled upon issues out of naivete. No one told them they couldn't do X, Y, or Z, so they did. When it didn't work, they kept trying to come up with new ways to make it work.
One student with extensive HTML and PHP training wanted to create a calendar on a Page for his final team project. The links within the calendar had to link to the posts announcing the events. He searched everywhere for an event calendar Widget on WordPress.com. All he found was the ability to embed a Google Calendar, which didn't suite his purposes. So he created an HTML table calendar with inline styles to force WordPress.com to his will. Frustrated when WordPress.com's stripping of mistakes in his inline CSS styles code, he asked me why WordPress would strip out his code when he saved the post.
"It is part of the responsibility of WordPress to protect you from yourself. If you have malformed code in the content, it will either fix it or strip it out for you."
"Ah, so it's trying to out think me! Well, I'll fix that!" Off he went, nose to the computer screen and fingers flying on the keyboard.
It's that quality that makes these students perfect bug chasers. They are determined to out think WordPress.
Too Few of Us Really Know How to Blog
A few of the students were business professionals, experienced with their own websites and blogs as well as social media. There was even an SEO marketing expert in the group. Yet, when it came to writing web content, it's amazing how little they knew about how a blog post works and how to properly structure one. The first few weeks of the course were spent bringing everyone up to speed on all the things that can go into a post.
Many didn't know how to write in HTML, which is fine, but simple things like writing in caps, mixing and matching bold and italic, not understanding how headings work for content structure and organization, how to make lists, and not knowing how to create a proper link – it was startling.
Few realized that images could be set to float to the left, right, or center in a post with the words wrapping around. They didn't realize they could embed into a post all types of videos, not just YouTube, as well as calendars, maps, audio, contact forms, documents, etc. Once they learned they could do more than just dump content in and hope it was readable, it was a delight to watch their creativity explode.
It's critical that people working on the web learn how to write for the web. There is a different technique for writing for Twitter than there is for Facebook or Google+ as well as for your website. Understanding post formats, standards, and structure became a big part of class as the students learned to express themselves clearly in the virtual world of WordPress.
What Can You Really Do with a WordPress.com Blog?
When I wrote What Can You Do With WordPress.com in 2005, it was an attempt to let long-time WordPress publishers know that WordPress.com was about content – all about publishing not tweaking code. It was actually refreshing blogging on WordPress.com as I didn't have to worry about all the bits under the hood for a change and could concentrate on what I love best: writing. In 2007, WordPress.com was robust enough it was time to really push it around and I created the WordPress.com Blog Bling article series showing what you could do with creative design within the post content area. These Clark College students showed me even more could be done with WordPress.com.
For his class blog, Reuben Rova decided to see what he could do graphically with the Twenty-Eleven WordPress Theme, the same one I used for my teaching site, Learning from Lorelle. Using the customizable header and background image and choosing between the light or dark versions, it's hard to tell we have the same Theme, proving once again the power in a flexible and adaptable Theme.
Here are some of the "did you know WordPress.com could do this" features we put to the test.
- Did you know you could create a powerful customized contact form on WordPress.com?
- Did you know you could manage and view contact form emails with the feedback management feature in WordPress.com?
- Did you know you could write on a blank slate with Distraction Free Writing on a WordPress post or Page?
- Did you know could get help with blog post ideas and creative thinking with Plinky: A Tool for Writer's Block, a feature of WordPress.com?
- Did you know how easy it is to turn your WordPress.com blog into a book format using the static front page feature and the Archives Shortcode?
- Did you know that WordPress.com Writing Helpers include the Request Feedback feature which allows you to email a link to preview your unpublished post and get feedback and comments before you publish it?
- Did you know that WordPress.com helps you save a few keystrokes with the Copy A Post feature which allows you to create a post template for redundant content styles and information?
- Did you know you could write and publish a post Email or by Voice for up to an hour's worth of babble?
- Did you know you could customize the Twenty-Eleven WordPress Theme on WordPress.com to showcase featured post custom headers, a slider, and a totally customized static front page?
- Did you know that when you publish a post, WordPress.com's Publicize feature will automatically push a notification to Facebook, Twitter, and other social networks for you?
Helping the students learn all the different things you could do in WordPress.com gave them a taste of all the different things you can do in the self-hosted version of WordPress. After all, the features on WordPress.com are WordPress Plugins, too.
Not All WordPress Themes are Designed Equally
When you register for a WordPress.com blog, a WordPress Theme is generated automatically and randomly for you. You can stick with it or change it. I made the mistake of letting the students stay with the one they had for the first few lessons, focusing on WordPress basics before letting them play with switching Themes. I won't do that in future classes.
Not all WordPress Themes, even on WordPress.com, are designed equally. Some are just the way they are, nothing customizable. Some are highly customizable.
Some feature Post Formats, some don't, and others only offer two post formats from among nine possibilities, which caused a lot of problems when it came to working on Post Formats in class. Students had to switch Themes before they could complete the assignment, leaving many confused and frustrated to give up the Theme they had become accustomed to just to get the homework done.
When it came time to test drive WordPress Themes, this caused even more problems. After playing around with a variety of WordPress Themes, most switched back to the randomly generated Theme they'd been handed. Why? It was familiar. They had learned to live with its features and limitations. They were comfortable with it. While this is nice, it is also dangerous as falling in love with a design means it takes longer for you to realize it isn't working for you or your audience. It's harder to break away and try something different or make changes.
While WordPress is improving the ability to switch Themes and maintain WordPress Widgets, some WordPress Themes on WordPress.com do not support Widgets – a painful discovery for the students. Widgets may change or disappear when you switch Themes, and if you go back, you may have to realign and setup all your sidebar Widgets again. This caused no end of frustration for many students and wasted valuable class time helping them fix things.
With the confusion over all the various features and abilities of the WordPress Themes, I will have all the students begin on the same Theme, a Theme with the features we need to cover in the first few weeks of class. They can learn to customize the Theme to make it different from other students' sites while still learning the basics. When it comes time to test drive new WordPress Themes, they will have a better understanding of the features they want and need in a Theme. Even if they return to the first one, they've learned they have customization options.
I Learned What's Missing in WordPress Documentation
A a long-time editor and contributor to the WordPress Codex, the online manual for WordPress Users, and creator of the WordPress Lessons section guiding new users through the very basics of WordPress and web publishing, I now have a list of over 50 articles that are needed to flesh out that section and others while not conflicting with the amazing work the Learn WordPress team is doing, much of which is based upon WordPress Lessons.
I've started working with some of my fellow WordPress Documentation Team members to tackle some of those how to articles that have somehow been ignored or dismissed but are necessary for the WordPress Codex. Understanding how to create links in WordPress, from within the post comments to Links Manager and beyond. Using Gravatars and how they work in WordPress for beginners to advanced users. How to structure a blog post in WordPress. How to change the post or Page slug. More information on all the buttons in the Visual Editor toolbar. How to create a feed subscription Page in WordPress featuring post, category, author, and tag feeds. The list is long and my head is swimming with all the things we've been missing.
The WordPress Codex is a living document for using WordPress. It's critical that when users learn something that isn't covered by the Codex, or find a gap in it, that they let the Documentation Team know or pitch in and help us flesh it out. Millions of people around the world rely upon the Codex and Learn WordPress to help them learn how it all works.
I'll be talking to my local WordPress Meetup group about having a couple Codex events so our members can all work together as a team. If you are a member of a WordPress Meetup group, consider adding a Codex topic or event to your calendar so your members can contribute.
I know many are dimissive of the Codex for a variety of reasons, but it has stood the test of time and continues to help people dive deeper into WordPress. Teaching this class has reminded me not just of its value but of its power to educate from the most simplistic of WordPress tasks to the most complicated piece of code. The flexibility of the Codex to handle a wide variety of tips and techniques makes its life viable even as other resources become available. We can always put into the Codex the pieces of the WordPress puzzle that don't fit elsewhere, helping people learn how to push WordPress beyond itself.
Give Them Real World Problems to Solve
The students were required to create a WordPress.com site for the duration of the class. They were to publish content weekly per homework assignments, but I also encouraged them to let their voice be heard. Share stories of their work, lives, interests, photographs, video, whatever. You would think that this would be enough, but it wasn't. They didn't know what to do with it.
Many came to the class with a self-agenda, learn how to manage a WordPress site, build an online business, create an online portfolio, fix what they already had – when faced with the blank post screen, they couldn't figure out what to say or share. Without real-world challenges, some treated their personal class sites as homework holders, not pushing the platform further. Once they were given challenges found in the real-world of web design and development with WordPress, eyes lit up and so did creative spirits.
I knew this from my trainer experience, but I was surprised at how locked up the students became after the first couple weeks. Full-time students had the crush of other classes as those geared up, and life and work gets in the way for everyone. They needed motivation, so I turned boring assignments into specific directed assignments with real-world application.
The real magic happened when the final class projects were announced.
The class was divided into six randomly generated teams. Each team was given four weeks to create a WordPress.com test site for a different business. I created six hypothetical businesses with very different online needs and challenges, including a pet grooming business, local photography club, virtual assistant, and in-home computer trainer. I'll go into the details of their projects later, however the lessons I learned from these projects were amazing and worth sharing.
The students were given a single sheet of instructions and guidelines for the projects, and a sheet summarizing the company and listing 5-10 things to do and calls to action. They had to create a Statement of Work describing the project and the tasks and how they were going to go about it. They had to research the industry and marketplace for that company and report on the demographics and marketing strategies that needed to be considered and integrated into the site. They needed to create site policies but also business legal policies that appear on such sites. They created the site, then presented the Statement of Work and their site in a 15 minute presentation during finals week. Their fellow students judged their presentation, lending their voice to the grading decisions I have to make.
In a word, "Wow!" The presentations were amazing. The problems they had to solve were solved beautifully. The look and feel of the sites reflected the needs of the business, and many of them went overboard.
The pet grooming company had to deal with more than dogs and cats but the top ten domesticated pets people have like reptiles, rabbits, and birds. The company offered in-store and in-home pet grooming and care along with a wide variety of services tied to all the different animals. This could have potentially been a cluttered and crazy website but they processed all the information and thought it through, creating an easy to understand and navigate experience.
The virtual assistant's site focused upon her international clientele and travel agent experience, translating some of the content into the various languages she spoke to prove her translation abilities to potential clients.
An Asian tea supply shop featured a book by the author on tea and the art of tea making and weekly specials, news, and events within the store. The owner wasn't ready to sell her teas online but the students decided that she needed to have a "tea menu" to help customers make their tea decisions before they even walked in the door. The also needed an event calendar tied to announcements about classes in tea and tea making.
A local non-profit photography club's membership was growing old and they needed to get new members and promote their long-running annual events including photographing school children for their annual portraits to raise money for local food banks, and a weekend "Photograph Your Pet in the Park" fundraiser sponsored by the local pet grooming company. They made event promotions to promote the events and shared them with their fellow students and threw themselves into digital photography topics and articles to bring some modern tech into the photography club.
A cosmetologist specializing in skin care wanted to use a blog to write her book as well as promote her business. The students promoted her book and offered sample chapters and news about her book on the test site and fully researched a wide variety of top of the line skin care products and services to flesh out the site.
The in-home computer training instructor's site needed to promote the instructor's services and offer a map showing his coverage area. It also needed to offer tips and techniques on the various computer training programs he offered and his weekend training programs and refresher courses for small groups. The student team created a great list of tips and tricks and list of services along with a beautiful list of social media sites he broadcasts on, giving clients and students a chance to easily following him.
I learned that these real-life challenges were good for the students at every level. They could use all their design, content, and marketing strategies to meet the needs of the hypothetical client, no matter their level of expertise.
Not all of the groups worked well together. During the discussion after the last presentation, one group admitted they had personality problems, just as they would in reality, and they figured a way to work together to meet the deadline. Others had team members who were sick or had personal issues and couldn't make all of their meetings, thus making other team members feel like they had to carry more of the load – again, just like reality. They argued, stood their ground, compromised, and gave in, all to meet the final deadline and make their sites the best they could for the class and their hypothetical clients.
What was amazing was how personally invested the students got in their projects. Without a client to provide them with more information and feedback, they had to do their own research and make decisions. The tea house team were stunned to learn that all non-herbal teas come from a single plant. It's how you handle the leaves that makes the various teas. The virtual assistant team discovered that there are laws in other countries for the translation of legal documents, so they did their best to make their pretend VA prove worthy of certification as an interpreter as well as a Virtual Assistant.
They learned tons and I learned every more as I got out of their way. When a team came to me complaining of a fellow team member, I told them to figure it out for themselves. When they had a question that needed the client to answer, I answered but kept it vague hoping they would figure out the answer, and they did. I didn't chase them down to meet with their team members. I didn't interfere. I just let them go and they exceeded expectations.
What Did I Really Learn About WordPress?
I relearned something I already knew about WordPress. WordPress is a web publishing platform. That's it. Honestly. It is no more than that. It's a collection of code and graphics that generates web pages.
Is it that which brings together thousands of people across the planet to meet regionally for WordPress events? Is just simple web publishing that keeps hundreds of people attending monthly WordPress Meetups?
Of course not.
What makes people love talking WordPress? What makes people change their entire business model to base their business in and around WordPress? What makes people want to give back to WordPress? What is this thing called the WordPress economy or WordPress effect?
Teaching this class, I was reminded thoroughly how how WordPress changes lives.
WordPress is a vehicle. It makes it easy for people to have their say. So does Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, Google+, Quora, Blogger, Movable Type, TypePad, and the rest of the various publishing and social media platforms. So why WordPress? How does WordPress really change lives?
Watching the students shout for joy when they got it right, or watching their foreheads scrunch as they bent over code, a grin of determination and fascination peeking out, I saw something powerful and magical. WordPress brings together a unique balance of content, design, and code, but it also attracts intelligence.
The "I can do that" spirit lives in WordPress, and the web design industry shutters when I say that, but they all know it's true. Anyone can add a WordPress Plugin. Anyone can quickly change or customize a WordPress Theme. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to edit a little bit of code or CSS to tweak WordPress to behave the way you want. You can do it. It takes a little learning, a few questions asked in the right places, but you can do it yourself. DIY web publishing with WordPress, fast and easy.
Is that what changes lives with WordPress? No. It's only a small part of it.
People get the bigger picture of what WordPress is, a community committed to free, open source initiatives, innovative thinking, and support. You don't see Drupla, Joomla, TypePad, Movable Type, or Blogger folks getting together online and off for beer and code on a regular basis. I'm not seeing many StumbleUpon fans gathering together to learn from each other. Twitter and Facebook creates events that have nothing to really do with either of them. You don't see rock stars being created on the web from within their ranks, do you? I certainly don't see thousands of people giving up time in their busy life to give back through support, articles, documentation, plugins, and web designs year after year. Do you?
I don't think that even Matt Mullenweg could really put into words how WordPress "happened," though he set the tone for the entire conversation in 2003 and has maintained it, a lot of it happened without him. WordPress generated a river of passionate people coming together over a simple tool that helps you have your say on the web.
In that classroom for ten weeks and forty hours, I witnessed the WordPress effect. On the last night of lecture, my last slide welcomed them all to the WordPress Community, easily entered by simply using WordPress. I told them they were all a part of something bigger than all of us now, a force of techno-nature where by participating, we make it all happen. The looks on their faces as they considered what had happened over the past few weeks, that's the power of WordPress.
We've only a few seats left in the Spring Quarter Introduction to WordPress class at Clark College. I urge you to come learn for yourself more about the magic that is WordPress. Registration is open to Clark College students and the public and is filling up fast. Come join us.
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McDonalds Kefar Yona
Steakhouse & Burger-Bar, serving a rich and varied menu which includes main dishes, Burgers, sandwiches, salads, kids meals, snacks, tapas desserts And alcoholic beverages .
Located in the Heart of Bat-Yam
Boaz Mevashel (Boaz Cooks) – a one man gourmet restaurant (Israeli-Italian restaurant). Everybody loves Fridays. At a short working week it is the nicest day before Saturday.
Boaz Kwintner couldn't care less about it. During Fridays – Boaz cooks.
Boaz built himself a small gourmet cooking kingdom within Mitzpe Hila, where he host 28 chosen ones for a gourmet meal made by one man and one man only – Boaz. He goes to market, write recipes, improvise cooking, wash, peels, chop, mixes, heat, bake and enjoying costumers feedbacks.Boaz Mevashel is a one day a week restaurant. During the rest of the week Boaz is a culinary advisor for large companies, who built many restaurants around Tel Aviv such as Big Mama (Famous Italian restaurant). After moving to the Galilee few years ago, Boaz decided to go back to his main love in the last 20 years – cooking, all by himself, his dishes with his love. And ever since, almost every Friday he gathers gourmet lovers around tables and a new menu every week according to what's fresh and tasty at the market and according to his willing and desires. The meal itself is a 7 courses (and even more) followed by a good wine and Absolutely great view.
Most of his costumers come by rumor, because he doesn't really advertise or market himself.
So try your luck and call Boaz to order yourself a special gourmet feast in Friday.


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Note: Click on the large photo or the thumbnails below to see a larger version of either.
Storm Damage: Downed Trees and Power Lines
All Pictures are now FREE. To save your photo, right click on the photo you want to save and click Save As. Choose a place to save your photo and click Save.
All photos © 2012 by their respective copyright owners. No photograph may be used without permission.


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LQ Deluxe XO Brandy essence flavoring is for a neutral spirit or moonshine alcohol. This essence has a smooth flavor and is a French style grape brandy which is similar to what you would find on the shelf at the liquor store. In addition, this flavoring is a favorite for many devoted brandy drinkers. You can easily add this essence alcohol flavoring to your own distilled spirit or moonshine. This flavoring can also be used to flavor a cheap vodka. It is always best to filter moonshine and neutral spirits with a carbon filter and then add different flavorings to make your own liquors. Finally, you can add this essence alcohol flavoring directly into a neutral spirit.
This collection of essences are available in 20ml bottles and in many flavors. Each bottle of essence makes approximately 27 fl. oz. (770 ml).


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Funtoo Keychain Project
Keychain helps you to manage SSH and GPG keys in a convenient and secure manner. It acts as a frontend to ssh-agent and ssh-add, but allows you to easily have one long running ssh-agent process per system, rather than the norm of one ssh-agent per login session.
This dramatically reduces the number of times you need to enter your passphrase. With keychain, you only need to enter a passphrase once every time your local machine is rebooted. Keychain also makes it easy for remote cron jobs to securely "hook in" to a long-running ssh-agent process, allowing your scripts to take advantage of key-based logins.
Those who are new to OpenSSH and the use of public/private keys for authentication may want to check out the following articles by Daniel Robbins, which will provide a gentle introduction to the concepts used by Keychain:
Download and Resources
The latest release of keychain is version 2.8.5, and was released on January 24, 2018. The current version of keychain supports gpg-agent as well as ssh-agent (including GPG2.)
Keychain is compatible with many operating systems, including AIX, *BSD, Cygwin, MacOS X, Linux, WSL, HP/UX, Tru64 UNIX, IRIX, Solaris and GNU Hurd.
The latest release of Keychain can be found on the keychain GitHub release page.
Keychain development sources can be found on GitHub. Please feel free to use the GitHub issue tracker to report bugs. Alternatively, the Funtoo Linux bug tracker can be used. For support, you can visit us in the #funtoo irc channel or the Funtoo forums for keychain support questions.
Project History
Daniel Robbins originally wrote keychain 1.0 through 2.0.3. 1.0 was written around June 2001, and 2.0.3 was released in late August, 2002.
After 2.0.3, keychain was maintained by various Gentoo developers, including Seth Chandler, Mike Frysinger and Robin H. Johnson, through July 3, 2003.
On April 21, 2004, Aron Griffis committed a major rewrite of keychain which was released as 2.2.0. Aron continued to actively maintain and improve keychain through October 2006 and the keychain 2.6.8 release. He also made a few commits after that date, up through mid-July, 2007. At this point, keychain had reached a point of maturity.
In mid-July, 2009, Daniel Robbins migrated Aron's mercurial repository to git and set up a new project page on funtoo.org, and made a few bug fix commits to the git repo that had been collecting in bugs.gentoo.org. Daniel maintained keychain through September of 2017.
Quick Setup
To install under Gentoo or Funtoo Linux, type
root # emerge keychain
For other Linux distributions, use your distribution's package manager, or download and install using the source tarball above. Then generate RSA keys if necessary. The quick install docs assume you have a RSA key pair named id_rsa and id_rsa.pub in your ~/.ssh/ directory. Add the following to your ~/.bash_profile:
eval `keychain --eval --agents ssh id_rsa`
If you want to take advantage of GPG functionality, ensure that GNU Privacy Guard is installed and omit the --agents ssh option above.
Apple MacOS X
Assuming you have an id_rsa and id_rsa.pub key pair in your ~/.ssh/ directory, add the following to your ~/.bash_profile:
eval `keychain --eval --agents ssh --inherit any id_rsa`
The --inherit any option above causes keychain to inherit any ssh key passphrases stored in your Apple MacOS Keychain. If you would prefer for this to not happen, then this option can be omitted.
Fish Shell
Currently, keychain is not compatible with Fish shell.
You're probably familiar with ssh, which has become a secure replacement for the venerable telnet and rsh commands.
Typically, when one uses ssh to connect to a remote system, one supplies a secret passphrase to ssh, which is then passed in encrypted form over the network to the remote server. This passphrase is used by the remote sshd server to determine if you should be granted access to the system.
However, OpenSSH and nearly all other SSH clients and servers have the ability to perform another type of authentication, called asymmetric public key authentication, using the RSA or other authentication algorithms. They are very useful, but can also be complicated to use. keychain has been designed to make it easy to take advantage of the benefits of public key authentication.
Generating a Key Pair
To use public key authentication, first you use a program called ssh-keygen (included with OpenSSH) to generate a key pair -- two small files. One of the files is the public key. The other small file contains the private key. ssh-keygen will ask you for a passphrase, and this passphrase will be used to encrypt your private key. You will need to supply this passphrase to use your private key. If you wanted to generate a RSA key pair, you would do this:
root # ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair.
You would then be prompted for a location to store your key pair. If you do not have one currently stored in ~/.ssh, it is fine to accept the default location:
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Then, you are prompted for a passphrase. This passphrase is used to encrypt the private key on disk, so even if it is stolen, it will be difficult for someone else to use it to successfully authenticate as you with any accounts that have been configured to recognize your public key.
Note that conversely, if you do not provide a passphrase for your private key file, then your private key file will not be encrypted. This means that if someone steals your private key file, they will have the full ability to authenticate with any remote accounts that are set up with your public key.
Below, I have supplied a passphrase so that my private key file will be encrypted on disk:
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): ####### Enter same passphrase again: ####### Your identification has been saved in /var/tmp/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /var/tmp/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 5c:13:ff:46:7d:b3:bf:0e:37:1e:5e:8c:7b:a3:88:f4 root@devbox-ve
Setting up Authentication
Here's how you use these files to authenticate with a remote server. On the remote server, you would append the contents of your public key to the ~.ssh/authorized_keys file, if such a file exists. If it doesn't exist, you can simply create a new authorized_keys file in the remote account's ~/.ssh directory that contains the contents of your local id_rsa.pub file.
Then, if you weren't going to use keychain, you'd perform the following steps. On your local client, you would start a program called ssh-agent, which runs in the background. Then you would use a program called ssh-add to tell ssh-agent about your secret private key. Then, if you've set up your environment properly, the next time you run ssh, it will find ssh-agent running, grab the private key that you added to ssh-agent using ssh-add, and use this key to authenticate with the remote server.
Again, the steps in the previous paragraph is what you'd do if keychain wasn't around to help. If you are using keychain, and I hope you are, you would simply add the following line to your ~/.bash_profile or if a regular user to~/.bashrc :
eval `keychain --eval id_rsa`
The next time you log in or source your ~/.bash_profile or if you use ~/.bashrc, keychain will start, start ssh-agent for you if it has not yet been started, use ssh-add to add your id_rsa private key file to ssh-agent, and set up your shell environment so that ssh will be able to find ssh-agent. If ssh-agent is already running, keychain will ensure that your id_rsa private key has been added to ssh-agent and then set up your environment so that ssh can find the already-running ssh-agent. It will look something like this:
Note that when keychain runs for the first time after your local system has booted, you will be prompted for a passphrase for your private key file if it is encrypted. But here's the nice thing about using keychain -- even if you are using an encrypted private key file, you will only need to enter your passphrase when your system first boots (or in the case of a server, when you first log in.) After that, ssh-agent is already running and has your decrypted private key cached in memory. So if you open a new shell, you will see something like this:
This means that you can now ssh to your heart's content, without supplying a passphrase.
You can also execute batch cron jobs and scripts that need to use ssh or scp, and they can take advantage of passwordless public key authentication as well. To do this, you would add the following line to the top of a bash script:
eval `keychain --noask --eval id_rsa`
The extra --noask option tells keychain that it should not prompt for a passphrase if one is needed. Since it is not running interactively, it is better for the script to fail if the decrypted private key isn't cached in memory via ssh-agent.
Keychain Options
Specifying Agents
In the images above, you will note that keychain starts ssh-agent, but also starts gpg-agent. Modern versions of keychain also support caching decrypted GPG keys via use of gpg-agent, and will start gpg-agent by default if it is available on your system. To avoid this behavior and only start ssh-agent, modify your ~/.bash_profile as follows:
eval `keychain --agents ssh --eval id_rsa`
The additional --agents ssh option tells keychain just to manage ssh-agent, and ignore gpg-agent even if it is available.
Clearing Keys
Sometimes, it might be necessary to flush all cached keys in memory. To do this, type:
root # keychain --clear
Any agent(s) will continue to run.
Improving Security
To improve the security of keychain, some people add the --clear option to their ~/.bash_profile keychain invocation. The rationale behind this is that any user logging in should be assumed to be an intruder until proven otherwise. This means that you will need to re-enter any passphrases when you log in, but cron jobs will still be able to run when you log out.
Stopping Agents
If you want to stop all agents, which will also of course cause your keys/identities to be flushed from memory, you can do this as follows:
root # keychain -k all
If you have other agents running under your user account, you can also tell keychain to just stop only the agents that keychain started:
root # keychain -k mine
Keychain can ask you for your GPG passphrase if you provide it the GPG key ID. To find it out:
user $ gpg -k pub 2048R/DEADBEEF 2012-08-16 uid Name (Comment) <email@example.com> sub 2048R/86D2FAC6 2012-08-16
Note the DEADBEEF above is the ID. Then, in your login script, do your usual
user $ keychain --dir ~/.ssh/.keychain ~/.ssh/id_dsa DEADBEEF user $ source ~/.ssh/.keychain/$HOST-sh user $ source ~/.ssh/.keychain/$HOST-sh-gpg
GPG Key Format
Running on for example Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (the most common WSL distribution) with keychain version 2.8.2 and GPG version 2.2.4 produces a problem where GPG can not find keys with error message
user $ keychain --eval --agents gpg DEADBEEF * keychain 2.8.2 ~ http://www.funtoo.org * Found existing gpg-agent: 42 GPG_AGENT_INFO=/home/user/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent:42:1; export GPG_AGENT_INFO; * Warning: can't find DEADBEEF; skipping
This can be fixed by configuring GPG to use the long key ID format
keyid-format LONG
GPG Cache Time
By default the GPG agent sets the default cache time to 600 seconds and the maximum cache time to 7200 seconds. You may wish to consider changing these options if you tend to use a long running session and wish to keep your gpg key cached. To do so set the options in ~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf.
GnuPG version up to 2
default-cache-ttl 84000
maximum-cache-ttl 84000
GnuPG version 2.1 and above
default-cache-ttl 84000
max-cache-ttl 84000
Learning More
The instructions above will work on any system that uses bash as its default shell, such as most Linux systems and Mac OS X.
To learn more about the many things that keychain can do, including alternate shell support, consult the keychain man page, or type keychain --help | less for a full list of command options.
I also recommend you read my original series of articles about OpenSSH that I wrote for IBM developerWorks, called OpenSSH Key Management. Please note that keychain 1.0 was released along with Part 2 of this article, which was written in 2001. keychain has changed quite a bit since then. In other words, read these articles for the conceptual and OpenSSH information, but consult the keychain man page for command-line options and usage instructions :)
- Common Threads: OpenSSH key management, Part 1 - Understanding RSA/DSA Authentication
- Common Threads: OpenSSH key management, Part 2 - Introducing ssh-agent and keychain
- Common Threads: OpenSSH key management, Part 3 - Agent forwarding and keychain improvements
As mentioned at the top of the page, keychain development sources can be found in the keychain git repository. Please use the Funtoo Forums and #funtoo irc channel for keychain support questions as well as bug reports.
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