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There are several ways to manage frontend dependencies. Few worth mentioning are npm, bower and yarn. This post specifically talks about using bower to manage dependencies.
Traditionally, dependency managers weren't used for managing client side libraries. Client side libraries used to be part of version control. This post talks about how using a dependency manager is advantegous over not using a dependency manager.
The traditional approach to frontend development involved keeping the dependencies in version control along with the source code.
Assume we have a very basic application which is dependent on jquery.
In such cases, jquery.js would be kept as part of version control.
Create a directory called 'jquery-example'.
mkdir jquery-exaple
cd jquery-example
Create a directory called
libs and add
jquery.js to it.
mkdir libs
# Download jquery from internet and add it to libs/
Create an index.html which looks like:
<!DOCTYPE html>

Hello World!

<input type="button" id="german-button" value="Switch to German"></input>

$(document).ready(function () {
$("#german-button").click(function () {
$("#para").text("Hallo Welt");
Open this page in a browser, clicking on the button would change the paragraph text. This verifies that jquery is working properly.
Problem with this approach
This approach requires that dependency jquery be kept as part of the code repository.
We want to add bootstrap to our project now, we will have to download bootstrap and add it to version control too. Gradually our repository will fill with third party libraries. This approach looks incorrect.
If you have worked with any backend programming language, you must be knowing that dependencies shouldn't be kept as part of version control.
Python projects have a requirements.txt to track dependencies and has
pip to install these requirements. Ruby projects have
gem to install dependencies. Java has jar files and so on.
Frontend dependency management shouldn't be any different. There should be a file which lists the dependencies of the project along with version numbers.
When a developer starts on the project, he should install the listed dependencies before running the project.
A very frequently used approach is to use
bower to track and install dependencies.
Using bower to install dependencies
Before bower can be used properly, there is a need for a bower.json file.
Create a bower.json file by running
bower init.
bower init
It would ask you some questions, you can skip answering the questions and in such case sensible defaults would be used.
╰─$ bower init
? name jquery-example
? description A test project to understand bower
? main file
? keywords
? authors Akshar Raaj <[email protected]>
? license MIT
? homepage
? set currently installed components as dependencies? No
? add commonly ignored files to ignore list? Yes
? would you like to mark this package as private which prevents it from being accidentally published to the registry? Yes
name: 'another-test',
authors: [
'Akshar Raaj <[email protected]>'
description: 'A test project to understand bower',
main: '',
license: 'MIT',
homepage: '',
private: true,
ignore: [
? Looks good? Yes
A bower.json file should have been created in your current directory.
Install jquery using bower now.
bower install jquery --save
You would find that a
dependencies key is added to bower.json.
"dependencies": {
"jquery": "^3.3.1"
A new directory called
bower_components should have been created and directory
jquery should have been created inside
bower_components. Check that these directories were created.
╰─$ ls bower_components
index.html, so that
script looks like:

index.html file would look like:
<!DOCTYPE html>

Hello World!

<button type="button" id="german-button" value="Switch to German" class="btn-primary">Switch to German</button>

$(document).ready(function () {
$("#german-button").click(function () {
$("#para").text("Hallo Welt");
Notice that we waren't using lib/ directory anymore. Remove lib/ and page should still function properly.
This approach doesn't need dependencies to be part of version control. The directory
bower_components shouldn't be part of version control. If you are using Git, then you would add
bower_components to .gitignore.
index.html and
bower.json would be part of version control.
When a new developer clones the repository, he/she would run
bower install. This would ensure that a
bower_components is created and jquery is installed inside bower_components.
Thank you for reading the Agiliq blog. This article was written by Akshar on Jan 29, 2019 in bower, , frontend .
You can subscribe ⚛ to our blog.
We love building amazing apps for web and mobile for our clients. If you are looking for development help, contact us today ✉.
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Our CPSIA Compliant 18 oz. Vinyl Coated Polyester fabric is the ideal fabric for many children's products. This 18 oz. vinyl is often used to manufacture wall pads, gym/athletic mats, punching bags, inflatables, athletic dummies, gym floor covers, ball field covers, and swing set canopies.
As this vinyl coated polyester fabric is CPSIA compliant, it is commonly used in schools, day cares, and sports clubs for children.
Top Value Fabrics stocks a variety of vinyl fabrics, including similar 18 oz. Vinyl Coated Polyester in non-CPSIA with FR options available. We offer numerous vinyl coated polyester and vinyl laminated polyester fabrics, stocked in lighter or heavier weights for your next project. Call us for additional details on our 18 oz. PVC today, or view our full selection of vinyl fabrics here: Vinyl Fabrics
|Mildew and UV Resistant, Matte Finish, CPSIA Compliant
|Roll Size / Minimum Order
|100 yards
TVF stocks a wide variety of colors in Vinyl Coated Polyester fabrics, and also has the capability to run your custom color.
Click on the swatch to change the shade of the larger box. Please note that shades differ by monitor, so if specific color matching is important, please contact us for a sample. TVF reserves the right to vary specifications without notice except at time of enquiry and/or placement of an order.

subset: commoncrawl


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Meet Ella. Ella is a small town girl that went to the big city to live her dream. All she ever wanted is to make a career in IT sector. After few years of living in big city, she met a really nice guy and started a family. They had 2 kids, one after another, so Ella decided to stay at home for almost two years. When it was time to return to work, she realized that she loves being a mom too.
So instead of returning back to her IT job, she decided to stay at home and work as a freelance programmer. Soon she realized that that is the perfect combination for her. She can be a full-time mom, but still, work in IT industry and work very flexible hours.
But that's not all she does, she likes to discover the world around herself. Loves to go to nature together with her family, do some fishing, hiking, and just enjoy a good time with her family.
She started this site to write her memories and to write down things she discovered on her adventures. Her discoveries might help someone else and inspire them to try things on them own. Now that you know more about Ella, I hope you'll become a loyal reader.


text:
Welcome visitor you can login or create an account.
Healthinista believes in stocking only premium quality ranges of health products - foods, supplements, appliances, beauty products that have no nasty ingredients in them and recommending products that we know will suit your pocket and help you achieve results.
041 581 5386
064 532 6880
Please Review us on Google maps.
108A Prospect Rd, Walmer
Port Elizabeth, South Africa


text:
Feb 11, 2018
Last week we were on our way to the Epic Intensive and this week
we are back, refocused, and ready to get down to business.
Follow Josh Koth and Jack Hoss on their journey towards financial freedom using the power of Real Estate through the House Dudes Podcast (formerly the REI Rookies Podcast). We share our experiences as we acquire rental properties, build net worth, and work towards financial freedom. We are focused on creating wealth through conventional and creative real estate investing while improving our financial education. If you are a fan of Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki and Millionaire Real Estate Investor by Gary Keller, or are looking for an alternate to the Dave Ramsey, Jim Cramer, Motley Fool or Suze Orman shows we invite you to subscribe today!
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The Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS) is one of the retirement programs of the U.S. government, and benefits are extended to U.S. Postal Service employees. FERS is administered by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM). Congress established the guidelines for OPM to set contribution rates and can alter them by passing new law or amending an existing law. Postal Service employees who began their careers after December 31, 1983, are automatically enrolled in the FERS. For Postal Service employees, a majority of FERS funding is accomplished through Postal Service contributions. The rest is paid by postal employees. During fiscal year 2009, the Postal Service contributed $3 billion to FERS or 11.2 percent of the salaries for FERS employees. As of September 30, 2009, the Postal Service reported a fully funded FERS pension plan that exceeds liabilities by $6.8 billion.
[poll id="95"]
[poll id="96"]
[poll id="97"]
[poll id="98"]
It's no secret the Postal Service is in a financial crisis after a $3.8 billion loss in 2009, and a projected $7 billion loss for 2010 after approximately $4 billion in cost reductions. In January 2010, the OIG reported that the Postal Service had been overcharged for FERS's sister retirement plan, the Civil Service Retirement System or CSRS, by $75 billion. There is a complication that may reduce the FERS surplus in the future. President Obama recently signed a bill granting credit for unused sick leave for FERS retirees. The exact effect on the pension liability is unknown, but it doesn't take an actuary to understand that it creates an additional future obligation. If the Postal Service has met its current financial obligations for FERS, should it be relieved of its future contributions? What do you think? This topic is hosted by the OIG's Office of Audit Financial Reporting team.


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Austin psych mutants Indian Jewelry have gone from thorny drugpunk to beautiful dronepunk in the course of two years. The music's bright, chuggy, and weird, full of references to birds and heaven and water—a good proposition for anyone who considers Deerhunter to be "subtle." Speaking of: California space-dub troupe Peaking Lights fly so high, they're never gonna die. "Cosmic improvisation project" Neokarma Jooklo Duo are coming from Italy to careen and implode. With the impossible-to-Google band Messages. — CHRISTOPHER WEINGARTEN.
INDIAN JEWELRY+PEAKING LIGHTS+THE NEOKARMA JOOKLO DUO, Tonight, May 8, Cake Shop, 152 Ludlow St., New York and tomorrow next Tuesday at Death by Audio.
Updated, 4/9
Impose has footage from last night's Indian Jewelry show at the Cake Shop
This article from the Village Voice Archive was posted on May 8, 2008


text:
How to Propagate a Broken Peach Tree
Backyard fruit trees, like the peach (Prunus persica), can suffer branch and trunk damage from a variety of sources, including storms with high winds or hail, machinery accidents, falling branches from other trees and even deer or other wildlife. Sometimes the damage is so extensive that the original tree cannot be saved. Replacing the tree through vegetative reproduction rather than simply buying a new tree ensures the survival of its particular characteristics, such as the taste of its fruit, by way of cloning. Propagate peach trees using the budding method of grafting, which involves transferring buds from the original onto a young, healthy rootstock.
Choose a seedling peach tree to use as rootstock. Seedlings started in the fall will be big enough for budding by early summer.
Take budwood from the broken peach tree, using a stick of new growth with a few leaf buds. Keep the stick moist by wrapping them in wet paper towels. If it needs to be kept for a few days, place the stick and paper towels in a plastic bag inside a refrigerator.
Remove a bud from the budwood by slicing underneath the bud, starting one-half inch below the bud and ending one-quarter inch above it. The bud should have only a thin stub of wood attached.
Choose a spot on the rootstock tree 3 to 5 inches from the ground. Make a 1-inch-long T-shaped cut in the bark, loosening the bark with the knife.
Slide the stub on the bud into the T-shaped cut, so that only the bud sticks out from beneath the bark.
Wrap the area around the bud with electrical tape to prevent it from falling out. Leave the bud free of tape.
Prune the rootstock one-half inch above the bud after 2 weeks in order to force the bud. Clip any shoots growing from the base of the tree or beneath the bud.
Remove the tape from the graft 1 week after pruning the tree.
Things Needed
- Seedling peach tree
- Sharp knife
- Paper towels
- Electrical tape
- Pruning shears
- Graft buds from the broken peach tree onto multiple rootstock trees to increase chances of successful budding.
Photo Credits
- Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images


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Battleship Texas Turns 100
Festival, museum display commemorate centennial of famed vessel.
By Louie Bond and Rob McCorkle
It's not every day that you get to celebrate your 100th birthday, but the Battleship Texas will be hosting a centennial festival March 15 with special guests, fireworks, flyovers and much more.
The Battleship Texas Foundation and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department are joining forces to celebrate the Texas' 100th commissioning anniversary. The celebration will pay homage to the battleship, which is the last remaining dreadnought to have served in both world wars, and to the surviving crew members from "The Greatest Generation." The family friendly festival will be held on the grounds surrounding the ship for guests to enjoy music by Robert Earl Keen's A Texas Uprising (including Reckless Kelly, Kelly Willis/Bruce Robison and Charlie Robison). There will be plenty of food and TPWD activity booths, flyovers plus a fireworks display to end the event
The Battleship Texas served in two world wars.
Interactive exhibits will highlight the ship's history as an engineering marvel of its day and its missions across the globe, as well as the history of both world wars, including the Battles of Normandy, Iwo Jima and Okinawa. Visitors will be able to examine vintage aircraft and land vehicles and learn what life on the ship was like for its many sailors. Guests will also be able to view a new video about the ship's history and tour the Texas throughout the day.
All funds raised will support battleship preservation efforts.
In 1948, the decommissioned Texas became the first battleship memorial museum in the U.S. and today is anchored in the Houston Ship Channel in LaPorte. TPWD took over management of the historic ship in 1983.
In the early 20th century, fleets of armored attack warships guaranteed command of the seas. To keep up, the U.S. Navy replaced the 1892 Battleship Texas with a larger all-big-gun "super-dreadnought" version commissioned on March 12, 1914.
More than 1,000 men lived aboard Texas when commissioned; the number increased to more than 1,800 during World War II. The Texas' history includes: first U.S. Navy vessel to house a permanently assigned contingent of Marines, first U.S. battleship to mount anti-aircraft guns, first to control gunfire with directors and range-keepers (analog forerunners of today's computers), first to launch an aircraft from a catapult and one of the first to use radar equipment in the U.S. Navy.
The U.S. Navy transferred the battleship to the State of Texas in 1948, and for more than 65 years, the ship has been open as a public memorial at the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site. Because of the battleship's age, key structural areas are in need of repair. TPWD is currently making critical vessel repairs to the ship's "skeleton" so that the ship remains strong enough to hold herself up.
An exhibit, "The Last of the Dreadnought Battleships," runs through April 13 at the Bob Bullock Texas State History Museum (www.thestoryoftexas.com) in Austin. Artifacts on view include select pieces from the silver service presented by the people of Texas, historical photographs and personal items from men who served aboard the Texas. A special listening station shares crew member memories of service aboard the Texas during World War II. The museum will host special High Noon Talks on the topic the first Wednesday of March and April. The mini-exhibit is a cooperative effort of the Bullock Museum and TPWD's curatorial services, exhibit shop and state historic sites.
To purchase advance tickets for the festival, visit battleshiptexas.org; to find out more about volunteer opportunities or how you can support the Texas, visit www.texasstateparks.org.
Related stories
At Issue by Carter Smith: Battleship Texas to Be Honored
Battleship Restoration Brings WWII Details Back to Life


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D2 Racing Pro Series Lowering Springs feature an aggressive drop for those who want their car low! To maintain ride quality with such a low drop, D2 Racing created these springs to be progressive rate which increases the spring rate the more the spring is compressed. To ensure quality. D2 Racing manufactures their lowering springs from quality steel in a ISO 9001 and TUV approved facility. In fact, D2 Racing springs are such high quality, D2 Racing offers a lifetime warranty on these springs.Notes:
- Lowers 2.0" Front and 2.0" Rear
- Progressive Spring Rate
- Lifetime Warranty
- Includes a set of 4 springs
- Aggressive drop
- Aftermarket shocks highly recommended
- 2006-2011 Honda Civic (Coupe/Sedan)
- 2006-2011 Honda Civic Si (Coupe/Sedan)


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Landon Wright spent a long time on tour with the Jason Sparks Nationwide Tour but left to settle down in Springfield. So when the tour came through town he was more than happy to catch up with the guys and get back on camera to plow Brogan Reed's muscled ass. He jumps right back into it and soon has his big dick buried deep inside Brogan. It feels so good that he blows a huge load of cum in Brogan's fine hole – watching it drip as he pulls his cock out again.
Date: September 27, 2016


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High Density Polyurethane Welding
Miller Weldmaster has over 40 years of experience in manufacturing high density polyurethane welding machines. Polyurethane is a material used in a number of different applications because of its flexibility, tensile strength, abrasion resistance and other qualities. Not only can we supply you with the equipment, we can show you how to weld polyurethane fabric with any of our hot air, hot wedge and impulse welding machines.
What is Polyurethane?
Polyurethane is a plastic material that can be manufactured to be rigid or flexible. Resilient and durable, polyurethanes exist in a variety of forms from flexible foams and chemical-resistant coatings, to specialty adhesives and sealants.
Why Use Polyurethane for Welding?
As a popular thermoplastic, polyurethane fabric is suitable for welding in a number of different applications. Many industries choose polyurethane film for a variety of reason, including:
- Excellent wear resistance and strength
- Oil and grease resistance
HDPE Welding Machines
和老公去朋友家做客互换Still have questions? Let us show you how to weld polyurethane fabric and discuss possible polyurethane welding solutions.


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"Anything that is too stupid to be spoken is sung." (Voltaire)
The story of the largest debt in Slovenian history, accumulated by the Archdiocese Maribor, chronologically coincides with the beginning of the fall of a welfare state. Ever since, the entire country has been burdened with debts. Do we know how high? Owed to whom? On whose behalf?
When the veil on the sum total is lifted true identities are disclosed – of victims or culprits. The main protagonists of the financial tragedy have decided that the Archdiocese Maribor should embrace the "casino capitalism". Experts in the ways of the soul and morality turn into guarantors for safe financial investments. If the Church takes money from the secular world, can the secular world appropriate primacy over the human soul?
Devised by: Was ist Maribor Artistic Collective (Sebastijan Horvat, Aljoša Ternovšek, Matjaž Latin, Andreja Kopač)
Music: Nana Forte
Conductor: Marko Letonja
Performed by: Branko Robinšak, Edvard Strah, Robert Vrčon, Peter Ternovšek, Slovenian Chamber Choir
Production: Maska Ljubljana
Co-production: Cankarjev dom, Slovenian Philharmonic, Puppet Theatre Ljubljana, KUD Borza, Narodni dom Maribor
Supported by: Ministri of Culutre of RS and Municipality of Ljubljana
Media sponsors: Europlakat, Mladina, Radio Center


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Toronto's Most Expensive (and Cheapest) Areas for Car Insurance
Depending on where you live in the city, you could be paying as much as $947 more for auto insurance than your fellow Torontonians.
If you live in the north end of the city, whether it's the east end or west end, chances are you're paying more for your car insurance than those living in the city's centre and midtown. In fact, chances are you're paying in the range of $2,000 to $2,400 per year for your coverage.
Average auto insurance rate in Toronto
Kanetix.ca's InsuraMap lets you compare auto insurance rates from across the city to see where the most expensive areas for auto insurance in Toronto are, as well as those areas where auto insurance premiums appear to be cheapest. What does InsuraMap show us about car insurance premiums in Toronto? First, it tells us that the estimated average annual Toronto car insurance rate to be about $1,743, but it also shows there is a huge range in rates depending on where in the city you live. And compared to the provincial average ($1,316), Toronto auto insurance rates as a whole are about 32 per cent higher.
More drivers on the road? Higher rates?
According to the city's Vision Zero Road Safety Plan , residents living in Etobicoke/York, North York, and Scarborough use their vehicles considerably more to get around, than those living in the city's core or East York. It's estimated that in Etobicoke/York, 70 per cent of residents use their vehicle to get around, and in North York and Scarborough 65 per cent do (versus taking public transit or cycling/walking.) In contrast, 32 per cent of residents living in the core or in East York regularly rely on their vehicle to get around. Most, 37 per cent, choose public transit or cycle/walk (31 per cent).
What affects your auto insurance rate?
Where you live has a direct impact on your rates. Some neighbourhoods may have higher levels of auto theft, while others may contain intersections that are more prone to collisions. As a result, insurance companies study statistical data on claims frequency (and severity), and if, collectively, an area is more likely to report claims this will be factored into a driver's rate.
In addition to where you live, your personal driving record and insurance history also have an impact, as does the type of vehicle you drive, your annual kilometres driven, your commute, and other variables such as the age and experience of any additional drivers on the policy.
Together, all of these factors go into determining your car insurance premium. However, no two insurers are the same, which is why drivers are encouraged to shop around for car insurance and compare rates. A better deal is often waiting around the next bend.
Find the lowest insurance rate and start saving today
Compare and Save on Insurance Rates
Compare and Save on Insurance Rates
You are probably paying too much for car insurance
No matter where you live in Toronto, chances are you are probably paying too much for your car insurance coverage. And just because you live in an expensive city doesn't mean you have to pay expensive rates. The following tips will help you spend less on your auto insurance premiums:
- Maintain a clean driving record.
- Bundle your auto insurance and home insurance policies to see savings of 5 to 15 per cent.
- Install winter tires and save up to 5 per cent.
- Increase your deductibles and save up to 10 per cent; just make sure you can cover the amount in the event of a claim.
- Pay your premiums annually, in one lump sum, instead of monthly to avoid the extra fee that many companies charge to administer payments each month.
Lastly, one of the best ways to ensure you're getting the best car insurance rate possible is to shop around. It is absolutely one of the easiest ways to save. We shop the market to help you find the lowest rate and no one compares as much of the market as we do. Compare car insurance quotes today at Kanetix.ca.
Updated annually with the latest insights from InsuraMap.


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Booklist 2020
Your child may already have some of the items on the list, please check with them first to avoid unnecessary purchases. Ballarat Books www.ballaratbooks.com.au offers a quick and efficient online facility for ordering or you may choose to purchase the consumables on your booklist from any retail outlets.
Simply use the order code and password specified on your booklist:
Click to download:


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Indian schools to use biometrics to monitor attendance in over 9,000 schools
The government body responsible for schools in the Indian state of Telangana is attempting to improve attendance of both students and teachers by implementing plans to install biometric management systems at 9,349 schools that fall under their jurisdiction across 12 state districts.
2,000 schools already have the technology in place with priority being given to those who have at least 100 students, and the school management have been given instructions to capture attendance of both teaching and non-teaching staff when they arrive in the morning and leave in the evening, as well as checking on attendance of students before lunch.
If this trial proves successful, then it is hoped eventually to roll the system out to all 26,000 schools for which the directorate is responsible.
The rise of Biometrics
By 2020, nearly all smart devices including mobile phones, tablets and wearables will have some form of biometric security. By the same time, personal banking through mobile apps will also overtake online banking in the UK.
According to a recent report from Good Intelligence, by 2020 1.9 billion bank customers will adopt biometrics for a variety of financial services, including ATM cash withdrawals, proving identity for digital on-boarding, accessing digital bank services through IoT devices and mobile bank app authentication.
Here in the UK, biometrics are just one component of CBSecurepass, which has been available for many years, and the roll out to schools in India shows that this technology is getting stronger across the education sector.
There are many benefits for using biometrics in your school such as ensuring that it is the actual person signing in and not someone else and removing the problems of lost or forgotten ID cards.
If you are having problems with attendance at your school or would like to enhance your safeguarding then biometrics maybe the right avenue for you.
Contact us now for a free demonstration of CBSecurepass.


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We shall begin.
Let me welcome you, fellow nerd! You are about to embark on a wonderful journey full of geekiness and technical awesomeness. Computer graphics, especially 3D graphics is the pinnacle of nerdcraft. It has been fascinating gamers, artists and developers since the first photon has been shot on a screen. Together with game development, 3D computer graphics belongs to the most challenging parts of computer science, as it involves a lot of math, a deep understanding of underlying hardware, meticulous and efficient programming and a sense for beauty.
This (lengthy) tutorial and its following articlesa re aimed for game developers, which means programmers, not artists. In particular, it is aimed at modern OpenGL. OpenGL 3.x (and 4.x*) becomes increasingly popular due to the rais of mobile devices with native OpenGL support, WebGL and popular indie games such as Minecraft that has for instance been developed in Java and OpenGL.
Screenshot of Doom, developed by ID Software in 1993. Doom was one of the first extremely popular 3D games. 3D graphics has much evolved since than, as did the graphics hardware. However, the same main principles still apply until today.
Most current OpenGL tutorials such as NeHe, etc. cover old OpenGL versions. While these tutorials are excellently explaining 3D graphics, OpenGL became much more restrictive in newer versions and with the introduction of shaders, OpenGL has very little left of the initial command set (not to mention the mandatory use of low-level data structures), so that I think that yet another OpenGL tutorial makes sense.
Enough chitchat.
The graphics that you see on your screen when playing a video game or watching a rendered movie such as Shrek, is obviously artificial. The images are neither a photography of some real-world scene, nor a painting that somebody drew by hand. Rather, these images that (often) try to be as realistic as possible, or at least visually appealing as possible, have obviuosly been generated by some Hocus Pocus in the form of an algorithm that takes some wacky input and outputs a beautiful 2D image.
This is pretty much what we are trying to accomplish on a veeeery basic level: projecting a mathematical description of a 3D scene onto a 2D image (screen).
Let us split the Hocus Pocus intro three parts:
- The Input – Geometry and Meshes
- The Algorithm – Raytracing and Rasterization
This will be the structure of the remainder of this article.
The Input – Geometry and Meshes
The input is always a three dimensional, mathematical description of the world (or a scene), including all objects, their positions, the definition of its appearance, light, shadows and so on. The world is accuratley described through geometry, formulas, materials, light intensities and other physical metrics to fully simulate a scene. All objects have im common, that they ahve a position and orientation in the scene. The form and material may differ on the other hand. The simplest object is probably a sphere which can be described by a mid-point and a radius only. A box, slightly more complex, has a height, width and depth. But how to describe a face or a space ship hull?
In 3D computer graphics, eventually all geometric objects are described as a mesh of triangles. This has several advantages over a mathematical, reduced description of an object. With a triangle mesh,
- you are free to modell anything (car, cat, cup, …),
- you can employ the same data structures to deal with triangle meshes,
- triangles have nice mathematical properties that make them efficient to deal with in 3D graphics.
A dolphin drawn as low-resolution mesh of triangles. Triangle Meshes allow to describe pretty much every geometric object and are efficient to deal with for current 3D graphics systems. The image is borrowed from Wikipedia.
A triangle consists of three vertices (corner points) and three edges. The position of each vertex defines the the position and orientation of the triangle in the scene. The triangles in a mesh often share some vertices so that changing the position of on vertex will have an effect on the orientation of all attached triangles. This is important to understand, because OpenGL natively uses specialized data structures to deal with triangle meshes.
A polygon is often referred to as a face. A triangle is the simplest polygon, so it is also referred to as face. A face has an orientation in space and can be shaded (drawn). In order to shade a triangle, you need color information. That is why it is quite common to provide shading information along with the position of each vertex. Such shading information may a plain color, but could also be a material, reflection properties, light emittance, etc.
The Algorithm – Raytracing and Rasterization
In order to get an image of the 3D world, you need to position a camera in the scene. You can think this camera to be part of the physics simulation: It captures the rays of light that are reflected from the objects in the scene and focuses them behind a lens leading to a sharp 2D projection of the 3D scene. This image is what is what you see on the screen. A camera requires three vectors \(\vec{c}, \vec{u}, \vec{v} \in \mathbb{R}^3\) to describe its position and orientation in the scene: \(\vec{c} \) is the position, \(\vec{v}\) the viewing direction and \( \vec{u} \) a vector that points upwards so that the image is not vertically flipped.
As a matter of fact, most animation movies such as those from Pixar are rendered via methods of tracing the rays of light in the scene into the camera. This concept is called Raytracing or Ray Casting. Well, actually, raytracing shoots rays of "sigh" from the focal point of the camera through each pixel until it intersects an object on your scene where the material, light, shades, texture, reflections, etc. are taken into account to compute the color of the pixel. The advantage of raytracing is, that it yields very realistic results. For example shadows can easily be computed by checking whether the light source is visible for a given intersection point. If not, the intersection point lays in the shade.
Raytracing shoots a ray through each pixel in the projected image into the scene. The point where it hits an object defines the color of the pixel. This projects the 3D scene onto a 2D image. The pyramid shaped corpus is the space that is seen by the camera (also called "Viewing Frustum"). The frustum causes objects that are further away from the camera to be smaller projected onto the plan than objects that are closer.
The illusion of spatial depth is caused by the effect that objects that are closer to the camera appear larger than those that are further away from the camera. This is important to understand in order to understand how to simulate 3D viewing. In analogy to our camera example, this effect is caused by focussing the rays of sight in the focal point. This is called perspective projection. The further they "travel" from the camera, the more they drift away. On the projection plan however, the objects that are further away cover less pixels than those that are closer so that they appear smaller in size. With several different sized objects in the scene, the image fakes the illusion of seeing into a real 3D scene.
Orthogonal projection projects objects in the 2D projection plane without taking the distance into consideration. In our Raytracing example this is the equivalent to not emitting the rays from the focal point (camera) but rather perpendicular to the projection plane.
To illustrate this point, let us assume for a moment, that we deliberately not focus the rays in the focal point. Instead, we shoot the rays orthogonal to the projection plane. By that we lose the information of depth and we speak of orthogonal projection because we shoot the rays orthogonal to the projection plane. There a some use cases where orthogonal projection makes sense such as blueprints or technical illustrations. Orthogonal projections is also employed in old-school map-based games (eg. "Tycoon games") such as Open Transport Tycoon and sometimes referred to as "2.5D". While these games where actually sprite based (not projection based), they still nicely illustrate the illusion of an orthogonal projection.
Open Transport Tycoon is a map based game that uses orthogonal projection (objects further away have same size like those close to the camera). It is internally actually implemented as a simply sprite based map, where the (partly transparent) sprites are drawn from back to front to get the occlusion right. This method is also referred to as 2.5D and enables a high degree of visual detail because the sprites are just statically drawn to the screen.
However, let us come back to perspective projection with Raytracing. In pseudo-code, the raytracing algorithm looks like follows.
Let's assume we have our camera positioned at the focal point \(\vec{c}, \vec{u}, \vec{v} \in \mathbb{R}^3\), where \(\vec{c}\) is the focal point, \(\vec{v}\) the viewing direction as a unit vector and \(\vec{u}=(0, 0, 1)^{\top}\) is the "up vector" which is the projection planes vertical orientation in the scene. Two scalars \(x\) and \(y\) are used to address pixels in the projection plane, eg. both ranging from \(-1\) to \(+1\) with a step width of \(0.1\).
1) Let \( \vec{h} = normalize( \vec{v} \times \vec{u} ) \) be the horizontal orientation of the projection plane. 2) For each pixel \( (x,y) \) we shoot a ray \(\vec{r}\in\mathbb{R}^3\) through the projection plane \(\vec{r} = \begin{pmatrix} x\vec{h} + y\vec{u} \end{pmatrix} - \vec{c}\) 2.1) Initialize closest intersection \(\vec{i} = \infty, \vec{i}\in\mathbb{R}^3 \) 2.2) For each object \(o_k\) in the scene, compute \( \vec{i}_k = intersect(o_k, \vec{c}, \vec{r}) \) 2.2.1) Keep closest intersection \( \vec{i} = \vec{i}_k \) for \(k\) that satisfies \( \| \vec{i}_k - \vec{c} \| < \| \vec{i} - \vec{c} \|\) 2.3) The color of pixel \( (x,y) \) is then taken from intersection point \(\vec{i}\)
However, Raytracing is computationally expensive, because each pixel has to be considered individually which means shooting dozens of thousands "rays" into a scene, testing for collision with potentially many objects and computing the color reflection (casting additional light-rays) off the object that has been hit. Since companies such as Pixar do not require to render their movies in real-time, they can trade better quality for longer computation time. In addition, Raytracing can usually be parallelized.
"Bobby" from Clement Granjon modeled and rendered with Blender. Example of an image rendered with raytracing. Smoke, lighting, depth-of-field and skin illustrate the power of current open-source image generation techniques.
With progressing hardware capabilities, real-time Raytracing may eventually become feasible, most video games still use a method called Rasterization. It is kind of the same principle in the sense that you project stuff on the projection plane. But instead of computing all pixels one-by-one, it projects entire triangles on the projection plane and draws the triangle as a whole. And this is already pretty much what OpenGL does. OpenGL is basically a framework for providing powerful tools for very efficient rasterization. Rasterization provides are large performance benefit over Raytracing for the cost of less level of detail.
So the first job is to to project the triangle vertices onto the projection plane. The algorithm then checks and discards triangles that lay outside of the rectangular screen area. This is referred to as culling. Clipping occurs if the triangle only partly overlaps the screen, where the vertices are still mapped, by the triangle gets only partly drawn. As part of the projection calculation, rasterization keeps track of the distance of the vertices between the camera and each vertex. This depth information is required in a second for the depth buffer, which is a secondary memory space allocated to be as large as the buffer that later holds the pixels color information of the screen.
The next job is to actually draw the triangle. To do so, the algorithm computes each pixel individually that lays between the projected vertices on the projection plane. For each pixel, it also computes the "distance of the pixel" by interpolating the distances between the vertices. It checks the distance of each pixel against the depth buffer to make sure that there is no pixel occluding the one that is currently processed. If that's not the case, the pixel is drawn and the new distance is written to the depth buffer. The final color of a pixel can be computed through numerous ways and is often application dependent. We shall, however, assume for simplicity reasons at the moment that the color is also an interpolation between the color passed along with the vertices. Once the color is computed, it is written to the screen.
A triangle is projected from the 3D scene onto the 2D viewing plane (screen). This is (very) basically how rasterization works. Rasterization projects the three vertices of a triangle onto the screen and shades the pixels that lay between the vertices.
As you can see, there are basically two steps in Rasterization. The first step is mapping the vertices of a triangle onto the projection plane. The second step is drawing the pixels on the projection plane that lay between the projected vertices. This is actually what we will discuss in-depth in later chapters as we discuss Vertex Shaders (projection vertices) and Fragement Shaders (drawing pixels). Both shader types need to be provided (usually as source code) by the programmer and therefore can be heavily customized to the application that makes use of the shaders.
A slightly more structured overview over the algorithm is provided by the following pseudo-code. I deliberately avoid a formal notation in this pseudo-code because it is important that the general principle becomes clear. We will be having enough math in later chapters. Trust me 🙂
1) for each triangle mesh \(M\) in the scene 1.1) for each triangle \(t\) in \(M\) 1.1.1) project the three vertices onto projection plane and keep track of distance to camera 1.1.2) for each pixel between the projected triangle vertices, 18.104.22.168) interpolate depth of pixel between vertices 220.127.116.11) if depth buffer contains no closer pixel, draw pixel on screen and and write distance to depth-buffer
Rasterization can also be parallelized nicely on triangle level so that each triangle can be dealt with by an individual thread/core. The nerds among the readers will notice however that this approach may lead to race-conditions in the depth buffer as the one single buffer that is shared and written to, which we will neglect for the moment.
As you can see, the outer loop in the rasterization setting iterates over all triangles in the scene. The inner loop iterates for each triangle over the pixels that need to be drawn. In contrast to that, Raytracing has an outer loop over pixels and an inner loop over objects to test for intersection, which is usually heavily optimized through spatial trees, however it may still be an inner loop over all triangles of all meshes in the scene in the worst case. The costly part is to test for intersections in the inner loop, because it usually involves solving equations, while rasterization just needs to project triangles from 3D to 2D and test whether the triangle needs to be clipped. This is basically why Rasterizaton is faster than Raytracing.
Alright, we are done with the overview. Please leave a comment if you have questions. I will try to answer them as soon as possible.
There is More...
The "there is more..." section always lists additional stuff that is related and may be interesting additional reading. It is not officially part of the tutorial, but just additional stuff on the topic.
"Lifted", a short movie from Pixar. One of my favorites and awesome example of animated movies.
- Learning Modern 3D Graphics: another very nice and recent 3D graphics tutorial written by Jason L. McKesson.


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In-N-Out burger time
On the way to San Jose, we made a brief stop in Gilroy to grab a quick lunch. I suggested In-N-Out since Hip2bDaughters have never tried their burgers and weren't even keen to try. A burger is a burger is a burger, Mom, they tell me. True, I wouldn't suggest going to just any burger place myself. But you can't live here and not have tasted In-N-Out, know what I mean?
They've been around since 1948, that should say something! They're always packed. You can almost never get a table, and the drive-thru is miles long. And what's not to love about their 1960's theme – colors, concept, even down to the staff's uniforms, it's like stepping into a Grease movie!
So in we went. It was sardines inside!! There was no way we were going to get a table! So we decided to take out and even then, we got moved around quite a bit while waiting for our order. People just kept coming in the door.
We were planning to eat our burgers on the road so as not to waste time. Seriously, I have no idea how to eat a burger while driving. I've never tried and I'm not sure my car would appreciate becoming a piece of red and yellow modern art. So we ended up eating in our parked car with the windows rolled down. It was a beautiful cool day!
I had a hamburger, the young ladies had cheeseburgers. I wish I'd ordered the cheeseburger though, it looked bigger and tastier but cost like only 30 cents more, haha! Oh well, next time! And remember to ask for their grilled onions, they're freakin' tasty!
Now the Hip2bDaughters can say they've been to In-N-Out and even admit to loving their burgers, so tasty yet affordable. We've been back 3 times since. Looks like I've created monsters again!
If you enjoyed this post, follow me on Twitter and Pinterest for more Hip posts like this. You can even hire me to write for you.
If you enjoyed this post, follow me on Twitter and Pinterest for more Hip posts like this. You can even hire me to write for you.


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FlyScoot Winner Guat Hoon Chua in North now has Scootitude
Scoot Singapore - $1,000 Giveaway by Scoot Pte Ltd
- Open date: 07/03/2014 09:00
- Close date: 30/06/2014 15:00
- Draw date: 01/07/2014 11:00
- 1st Prize: Guat Hoon Chua in North
Congratulations to Guat Hoon Chua who has won back the value of her order!
She wanted a fresh new travel experience when she tried the services of FlyScoot.com. The airline with the not your usual airline name has now become a favourite airline for Guat Hoon Chua in North after she won back the value of her order in the Scoot Singapore $1000 Giveaway drawn July 1st.
Our winner liked the promise of Flyscoot that the unusual airline offered refreshing travel experiences for the young, the young at heart and the value seeking. Now Guat Hoon joins a community with "Scootitude" who remember that travel is all about discovering, connecting, experiencing, and enjoying trips on non-stop routes from Singapore, Australia, China and the world.
You too can join the Scootitude family when you FlyScoot. And if you want more travel deals that include hotel accommodations, land transport hires, and the likes, just look around our Competition Crazy site for varied prize offerings. Just sign up for free, and you're on your way to getting the best prizes in the world.


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Cheryl Ann Tweedy (born 30 June 1983) is an English singer, dancer and television personality. Born and raised in Tyneside, she rose to fame in late 2002 upon winning a place in girl group Girls Aloud after participating in ITV's Popstars: The Rivals. While still in the group, she began a solo career in April 2009, and between then and 2014, she released four studio albums – 3 Words (2009), Messy Little Raindrops (2010), A Million Lights (2012) and Only Human (2014) – which collectively produced ten singles, including five number ones ("Fight for This Love, "Promise This", "Call My Name", "Crazy Stupid Love" and "I Don't Care"). Together with Jess Glynne, Cheryl holds the record for the British female artist with the most number one singles at five. Cheryl became a judge on the UK version of The X Factor in 2008. She mentored two of the eventual winners of the competition (Alexandra Burke in series 5 and Joe McElderry in series 6), before resigning in 2011 and joining the panel of the American version, which she left during the auditions stage. She returned to judge series 11 and 12 of the UK version. Series creator Simon Cowell referred to her as "one of the best I've ever worked with". Cheryl has become a recognised and photographed style icon, being referred to as a "fashionista" by the press. She has been photographed for the covers of British Vogue, Elle and Harper's Bazaar, and fronted cosmetic company L'Oréal in 2009. Her net worth was estimated at £20 million in October 2014. Cheryl was married to England footballer Ashley Cole from July 2006 to September 2010. She married Jean-Bernard Fernandez-Versini in July 2014, and was granted a decree nisi from him in October 2016. She is currently in a relationship with One Direction singer Liam Payne, with whom she has a son born in March 2017.
Stunning Emily Deschanel Hairstyles (Long, Bob, Highlights & Brunette Hair Color)


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Article Title
Land is Not the New Oil: What the Nigerian Oil Experience Can Teach South Sudan About Balancing the Risks and Benefits of Large Scale Land Acquisition
Recent global food price volatility combined with the growing use of agricultural land to produce biofuels has sparked a global scramble for land, with Sub-Saharan African countries serving as the main targets for investors. Derided as "land-grabbing" by those opposed to the practice, the phenomenon of large-scale acquisition of farmland by governments and private investors sparked a global debate since the global food crisis of 2008. Although international investment in agriculture plays a vital role in development and poverty reduction, large scale international investment poses some serious risks to both communities and international investors. Because there are no signs of this trend abating, governments and investors must take steps to mitigate risk and ensure investment will be beneficial to local communities, governments, and investors. As the era of international agricultural investment continues to evolve and grow, investors and governments should draw upon lessons from the scramble for oil and gas in Africa during the twentieth century. The story of oil and gas discovery in Africa has been, for the most part, a tragic one. Governments of oil producing countries proved unwilling or unable to protect their citizens from the negative consequences of foreign investment and many investors involved in the oil industry simply ignored the damage caused to communities and the environment. This article draws out lessons from the experience of foreign investment in the Nigerian oil sector in the later part of the twentieth century and applies the lessons to the current situation of large-scale land investment in South Sudan. The risks posed by large-scale land investment in South Sudan are enormous to both communities and investors. Yet, this article argues these risks are not insurmountable. In order to meet the challenges, the Government of South Sudan should slow international investment to ensure the rights of landholders are secured, the challenge of corruption is addressed, and that land investment is integrated into its national development and food security strategies. Investors must likewise take efforts to secure their investment against the risk of indirect expropriation, engage in meaningful consultations with communities, ensure investments contribute to food security, and practice corporate responsible practices.
Recommended Citation
Scott P. Stedjan,
Land is Not the New Oil: What the Nigerian Oil Experience Can Teach South Sudan About Balancing the Risks and Benefits of Large Scale Land Acquisition,
3 Penn. St. J.L. & Int'l Aff.
Available at: https://elibrary.law.psu.edu/jlia/vol3/iss2/11
Included in
Agriculture Law Commons, Diplomatic History Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, International and Area Studies Commons, International Law Commons, International Trade Law Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Oil, Gas, and Mineral Law Commons, Political Science Commons, Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Rule of Law Commons, Social History Commons, Transnational Law Commons


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W.I.P. – Real Title Pending
January 2019
Nuclear Moss is a fast-paced twin-stick style shooter. The current demo could be described as a vertical slice of what is to come should I continue with the project. It currently
- Six different characters (not in looks though), each with their own stats, attacks and abilities. You'll also need to unlock half of them!
- Six different enemy types with a few sub-types. Yes, they're all re-colors of the same sprite.
- A world map with what would constitute a "world's" or "zone's" amount of content.
- A final boss awaiting at the final level. Some characters perform far better against him than others though.
- An unending arcade mode once you're done with the main levels (you'll also have to unlock it). The algorithm will sometimes generate really annoying enemy waves.
- Controller (xinput) support at a basically proof-of-concept stage. It's rough, but it works.
tell me:
- What you think! I'd love some feedback on stuff like: character balance, game performance, enemy behavior, or just about anything else that comes to mind!
external links


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Battle for the Bioshpere
- Created by: LottieG
- Created on: 17-03-15 19:31
BIOSHPERE: The part of the Earth's surface inhabited by living things.
ECOSYSTEM: An area made up of living things and their non-living environment e.g pond, forest, desert.
BIOME: A very large ecosystem e.g desert, rainforest.
LATITUDE: How far from the Equator a place is.
GOODS: Physical products directly extracted from ecosystems.
SERVICES: Indirect benefits brought about by ecosystems.
FOOD: This can be in the form of plant or animal matter.
RAW MATERIALS: These can be used to help with industrial activities e.g. construction.
MEDICINE: These are used to fight disease or promote the health of the human population.
BIODIVERSITY: The degree of the variation of life. The variety of different organisms present in an ecosystem.
BIOFUEL: A fuel that is derived from biological materials such as plants and animals and organic matter.
CONSERVATION: The act of conserving something in particular/ protecting something.
DEGRADING: The condition or process or degradation - wearing something down/ lower its value.
GENE POOL: The set of all genesor genetic information in any population - usually of a particular species.
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE: The sequence of conditions through which water passes from vapour to precipitation and then back to vapour through transpiration and evaporation.
UNSUSTAINABLE: Unable to be maintained at the current rate or level.
WATER TABLE: The level below which the ground is saturated with water.
WILDERNESS: An uncultivated, uninhabited and inhospitable region.
TROPICAL RAINFORESTS: Situated on or near the Equator and between the tropics within the continents of Africa, South-East Asia and South American. The rainforests in South America are situated towards the North in coutnries such as Brazil. Tropical rainforests in Africa are situated in countries such as Cameroon whilst in East Asia they are situated in countries such as Thailand.
TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FORESTS: Mainly found Morth of the Tropicof Cancer excluding the ones in New-Zealand and South-East Australia. Vontinetns with these temperate deciduous forests include Europe, East-Asia and North America.
TUNDRA: Mainly found in the North in the North of Russia and on the North coast of Canada. Northern Hemipshere - coast of Greenland and Icelend. Extreme North.
HOT DESERT: Hot desert land is mainly found on or close to the Tropics and/or the Equator, excluding the three found in Asia. Continetns containing them include Africa (Sahara), South/North America and Asia. They are also found in coutnries like Chile, Australia and Egypt and the west coast of North America.
LATITUDE and PRECIPITATION
Latitude - How far from the Equator a place is.
Temperatures drop the further an area is from the Equator due to the curvature of the Earth. In areas closer to the poles, sunlight has a larger area of atmosphere to pass through and the sun is at a lower angle in the sky. As a result, more energy is lost and temperatures are cooler.
Precipitation alternates with distance from the Equator. On the Equator the sun's energy is highest and so the air is warmed and rises (due to low density), resulting in low pressure and high precipitation. This air now moves away from the Equator towards the tropics. Here it descends resulting in high pressure and low precipitation. The poles also have high pressure and low rainfall because the cold air sinks.
N.B. HIGH TEMPERATURES and HIGH RAINFALL provide optimum conditions for growth.
SOIL TYPE: Nutrient rich soils encourage the growth of ecosystems. E.G. deltas (river mouth) where fertile silt has been deposited often have greater biodiversity e.g. Camargue (Rhone Delta) France.
DISTANCE FROM THE SEA: Cosatal areas are warm in summer and mld in winter. Inland areas are hot in summer and cold in winter. E.G. Plants exist in south-west UK that don't exist anywhere else in the country due to the warmer but still wet climate.
ALTITUDE: For every 100 metres climbed, the temperature drops by 1 degree. E.G. Kilimanjaro is equatorial yet the summit has snow and ice.
E.G. Tundra ecosystem exists in the Cairngorm moutnains of Scotland.
The polar biome has a low temperature and a relatively low preciptiation. One factor that contributes to this is latitude. The north and south poles are further away fromt eh Equator than any other country or continent meaning that the sun is at a low angle in the sky and the sun's rays have to travel through a larger area of atmosphere hence the cooler temperatures of -42 degrees because more energy is lost. The polar biome also has low precipitation because cold air sinks resulting in high pressure and low precipitation hence the fact it has only 140mm of total preciptation compared to a biome such as the tropical rainforest that recieves a total of 2880mm. The polar biome has also never seena month with over 50mm of rainfall. It also has the lowest biomass because of the fact that vegeation can't grow without warmth or precipitation.
Tropical Rainforests
Tropical Rainforests have really high temperatures but also see a large amount of precipitation. Due to the fact that tropical rainforests are mainly located along or around the equator the sun has less area of atmosphere to travel through. This also means that the sun is at a higher angle in the sky due to the curvature of the earth. These two factors result in less enrgy being lost and so temperatures are higher, hence the highest temperatur ebeing 26 degrees compared to the polar bimoe of 12 dgrees and a minimum of 1 degree lower. Howver high rainfall occurs here because at the Equator the sun's energy is highest so hot ai rrises resutling in low pressure and high precipitation. Tropical rainforests therfore have the highest biomass of all because these are the ideal conditions for trees to grow.
The desert biome has a high temperature and low precipitation due tot he fact it is located along or around the tropics of cancer and capricorn. At these two lines of latitude hot air descneds in a similar way to the polar biome resulting in high pressure and therfore low precipitation hence the fact is total preicpitation is only 30mm. It is also an extremely hot biome due tot the fact that the angle from the sun is high and so less energy is lost on the way. This factor of latitude also means the sun has a smaller area of atmosphere to travel through resulting in high temepratures of bewteen 20 degress and 30 degrees. The desert therfore has the lowest biomass because vegetation cannot grow in without water.
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According to Just Poets member Roy Bent, the group titled its Fringe Festival program of original poetry "Not Wallace Stevens" because while Stevens is undeniably a great poet, he's one who's "good on the page, but not on the stage." It's a characteristic endemic to poetry as a whole, and their group hopes to change that by taking a hint from other art forms that have evolved over the years through the use of technology in order to become more enticing to modern audiences. I'm not sure the show was entirely successful in that regard (it very much resembled a traditional poetry reading), but there were some good poems to be heard nonetheless.
The group's plan for spicing up the poetry consisted of a projected slideshow of stock images (one image to represent each poem) and live music provided by guitarists Bob Vosteen and Melvin Henderson. The slideshow didn't add much, as I mostly found myself watching the readers and ignoring the images entirely. While I expected Vosteen and Henderson to play along with the readings, instead they only provided accompaniment as reader Celeste Schantz sang bluesy covers of "Summer Wind" and "Love Me Like a Man." Schantz has a pleasant voice, but the songs seemed out of place amongst the original poetry that made up the majority of the program. The highlight of the afternoon was Colleen Powderly's reading of her poem "Twice," a bittersweet ode to the loves of her life. Maybe that was Just Poets real strategy: the addition of extraneous elements highlighted the fact that the poetry was the real star of the show.
("Not Wallace Stevens" also takes place Friday 9/27 6 p.m. at Writers & Books. Tickets cost $7.)
It seems entirely likely that audiences for "All Your Questions Answered" at the Geva Theatre Nextstage will leave the theater with more questions than when they entered. Namely: "What the hell did I just see?" and "What kind of demented nutcase is Greg Kotis exactly?"
An evening of short comedic skits and musical numbers written by the Tony Award-winning creator of "Urinetown," the show can only be described as: Non. Stop. Bananas. Covering scenes that range from a call-to-arms amongst refrigerator mold that's positively Shakespearean, to a warning about the potentially dangerous side to that fresh baby smell, the show is made for theatergoers with a twisted sense of humor. And I'd count myself amongst that group.
This is a production of the Geva Theatre Conservatory, which allows young local theater talent to work with professionals in the business. All 10 members of the cast were fantastic in a wide range of bizarre and over-the-top roles. I bet this show was an absolute blast to create. I particularly enjoyed Stella Kammel and John Cummings in a series of recurring skits involving… well, you'll just have to watch the show to see how they connect. Somewhat frustratingly, I had to consult the website to find the names of specific cast members after asking at Geva's info desk proved unhelpful. The person I talked to made it very clear that they were not involved with the production, and frankly seemed put out that I'd even asked.
The show is definitely a little rough around the edges, but I found that only added to its charms. If you desire layers and deeper meaning from your theater, you can find it in philosophical discussions of whether audiences truly exist, or you can even ask Kotis himself, during a post-show discussion (during the show, naturally) which involves a live telephone call to Greg Kotis to answer exactly two questions from the audience. But mostly, "All Your Questions Answered" is just great, silly fun.
("All Your Questions Answered" also takes place Sunday 9/22 at 7:30 p.m. and Saturday 9/28 at 3 and 8:30 p.m. at Geva'sNextstage Theater. Tickets cost $16.)


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Children's Favourite Foods Predicted To Go Extinct
Does your daughter love chocolates? Does your son demand a banana for breakfast every day? Unfortunately, some of the foods your children love might soon be on their way to extinction.
By Ashwin Dewan • 7 min read
Rapid decline in forest cover across the world, floods and droughts are leading to a massive climate change. This is taking a toll on food production. Per The Sun, global warming, deadly fungi and pests are other factors responsible for slowly pushing many foods that children love into gradual extinction.
Let us look at some of the foods that are in danger of becoming extinct:
1. Chocolate
Which child does not love chocolates? It's distressing news for chocolate lovers, however, to know that chocolate production is declining at an alarming rate. According to an article published in a leading website, this much-loved delicacy might go extinct in the next 40 years. The main reason being cacao plants, which are the natural source of chocolate might go extinct as they are increasingly subject to fungal disease and chocolate change.
Factors responsible for this crisis:
1) Soaring demand has led to a steep rise in price of chocolate.
2) Per Telegraph, a disease called Frosty Pod Rot has ruined a third of the world's cocoa crop.
3) Cocoa trees thrive in hot and humid environments. The rainforest regions near the equator provide the ideal conditions for these trees. However, a decrease in rainfall has led to a decrease in cacao trees.
4) The rising popularity of dark chocolate, which requires a large amount of cocoa has put a strain on cocoa demand, according to spoonuniversity.
Substitute for chocolate: Fruit
2. Peanut Butter
Peanut butter sandwiches are a favourite with children. But a few years down the line, children might have to settle for boring jam on their bread instead. Do you know why? Because peanut butter might become extinct due to global warming.
According to the a leading news website, peanuts require very specific and stable growing conditions that are increasingly difficult to maintain due to climate changes. Too little rain will prevent seeds from germinating. Too much heat will destroy the shoots. Too much rain can cause the peanuts to grow mould, rendering the crop inedible.
Substitute for peanut butter: Sunflower seed butter
3. Potato chips
The versatile potato can be cooked in many ways, all of which are a huge hit with children. But the supply of this vegetable is reducing. Climate change is forcing potato farmers to cultivate the crop at higher altitudes.
Substitute that can be used for potato chips: Baked banana chips
4. Maple syrup
Maple syrup, loved by children the world over, might soon go extinct too. It is another product to fall victim to global warming.
Wetter winters and dry summers are putting extreme pressure on sugar maples – the trees whose sap is needed to produce maple syrup. In winter, the trees require freezing temperatures to fuel the expansion and contraction process which they use to produce the necessary sap. Rising temperatures are causing the sap to flow earlier and every year, the syrup season is getting shorter.
Substitute for maple syrup: Honey
5. Apple
"An apple a day keeps the doctor away" goes the old saying. But, there might be a day when there are no apples to munch on. Temperate fruit and nut trees such as the apple require adequate winter conditions to be able to produce economically viable yields. Global warming and rising temperatures pose a threat to the production of apples.
Substitute for apple: Guava
6. Coffee
Does your son need his daily dose of coffee to kick-start his day? Does your daughter demand a cup for studying up late to study? Coffee plantations across the world are battling fungi and invasive species due to elevated temperatures brought about by climate change.
In the article, 5 of your favourite foods predicted to go extinct, published in Food Ndtv, a research conducted by UK's Royal Botanical Gardens found that the production of Arabica and Robusta, the main species of coffee, has suffered from the impact of climate change.
Substitute for coffee: Organic green tea, black tea
For years, the population of bees has been slowly decreasing. This is caused by parasites that attack the honey bee colonies, and the use of harmful pesticides and chemicals. Until a solution is quickly found, honey production might just stop altogether.
Substitute for honey: Coconut nectar
Learn to use the resources of the Earth in a manner that we minimize our consumption, so that we can share equitably with all today and leave behind enough for tomorrow's inheritors.
- Sunita Narain, Director General, Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)
At this juncture, it is very important for us to teach our children the importance of sustainable living.
About the author:
Written by Ashwin Dewan on 11 June 2017.
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text:
First Harley Davidson Bike
This is the very first Harley-Davidson motorcycle. It hs serial number 1. It was made in 1903.
William S. Harley and Arthur Davidson make available to the public the first production Harley-Davidson motorcycle. The bike was built to be a racer, with a 3-1/8 inch bore and 3-1/2 inch stroke. The factory in which they worked was a 10 x 15-foot wooden shed with the words "Harley-Davidson Motor Company" crudely scrawled on the door. Arthur's brother Walter later joins their efforts.


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What exactly is e Visa to Cambodia
MFAIC (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation) introduced Cambodia E-Visa in April of 2006 to promote the tourism. Cambodia Visa requirements include both passport and Visa to visit the nation lawfully. Travelers and also business travelers may acquire a Cambodia E Visa appropriate for 1 month at the airports in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap and borders. Both have an authorization appropriate for six months from the expiry date, 01 recent passport-sized photos. Once approved , the person will receive an immigration letter in 3 days and he/she is supposed to bring it for verification at the checkpoint. Nevertheless, some nations are exempted from Visa such as Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, Seychelles, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei for 1 month or 30 days.
Officers such as Diplomats of some nations don't need a visa. twenty six nations i.e. Brazil, China, Hungary, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Peru, Russia, Slovakia, South Korea, Thailand, Uruguay, Vietnam, Belarus, Bulgaria, Cuba, Ecuador, India, Iran, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines have no need for Visa.
The price of Visa is 89EUR for travelers as well as 35 Dollars for business occasions. However, in the event o overstayf, the visa for Cambodia can also be extended for the company occasion just for 30 days, A couple of months, 6 months and 1 year. In the event you by chance overstayed, a fine of 10 dollars will be levied per day. Best strategy to extend your Cambodian acceptance is to make use of any of the hundreds of Local travel agencies around. They'll do all the paperwork for you; the action takes 7 business days.
Cambodia can be entered through 6 international airports i.e. Phnom Penh International Airport, Siem Reap-Angkor International Airport, Sihanoukville International Airport, Sihanoukville International Airport, Airport of Battambang, Kampong Chhnang Airport, Airport of Battambang, Kampong Chhnang Airport. 10 countries respectively Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sudan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Iraq, Syria are set at 36 dollars for Cambodia E visa application. All of travelers are pre-instructed that arrival and departure on exactly the same day are just possible via Phnom Penh International Airport.
Cambodia can be accessed through Border Crossings. If you go through Thailand, cross Banteay Meanchey Province, POI PET. Should you go over Vietnam, cross Svay Rieng Province, BAVET. If you are from Laos, cross Stung Treang Province, Tropaeng Kreal.
It's significant to remember that if you're planning to acquire a visa on arrival, a few airline companies will advise you to get a Two-way ticket to enter the nation. Visa could be utilized by website – https://go-cambodia-online.com/, nonetheless make sure you apply beforehand like before a week so that you can get a finite time for other procedures. A good warning to overstayers that it is accessible to overstay for thirty days. After 30 days, overstayers are still accountable for the 89EUR charge every day, but, depending on the breadth of overstay, accident imprisonment, deportation, as well as approaching bans on entering the country.
More: visa for Cambodia


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Archive for libel
How To Get Away With LyingPosted in fat, politics, spin with tags liar, libel, libeler, Patterico, wouldn't recognize the truth if you stapled it to his forehead on June 28, 2012 by Qritiq
Step 1: Tell a big fat lie.
Step 2: Take it back.
Of course, don't take it back until searching on the topic has leveled off.
And, your comment in which you back away from the lie, will be farther down the comment stream. So anyone who does search that topic, will see the lie first, and will likely not search further.
They'll think they've already found what they were looking for.
I believe i may have seen examples of this tactic on the monster thread (and I would imagine it could be found throughout Pat 'n' trolls' writings.)
How many can you find?
Wonkette Scratches The Surface And Misses The BoatPosted in blogosphere, censorship, crime, divisiveness, do the right thing, illegal, politics, villain with tags Aaron Walker, Aaron Worthing, Brett Kimberlin, conspiracy, Dan Wolfe, Frey, goatsred, J.Patrick Frey, james o'keefe, James O'Keefe III, jamesokeefeiii, John P. Frey, John Patrick Frey, JOK, Justice Through Music, Kimberlin, libel, Liberty Chick, Liberty_Chick, Mandy Nagy, nadia naffe, New Hampshire Attorney General, O'Keefe, O'Keefe emails, P.V., Pat Frey, Patrick Frey, Patterico, Project Veritas, PV, Richard Head, Ron Brynaert, ronbryn, Speedway Bomber, subpoenaed emaiks, SWAT, The Weinergate Co-pilot, The Weinergate Copilot, unlawful, Velvet Revolution, VR, Walker, Weinergate, Weinergate Co-pilot, Weinergate Copilot, Wonkette on May 29, 2012 by Qritiq
Wonkette's Doktor StrangeZoom presents Frey re Kimberlin in a nutshell:
StrangeZoom tells of Patterico.com blogger Patrick Frey's involvement in Blog About #BrettKimberlin Day. Kimberlin, if you will remember (not saying you're old mind you) was the guy who said Dan Quayle bought pot from him. Kimberlin is also an ex-con and a purported terrorist. Pat Frey is also accusing those "in league" with Kimberlin, of calling 911 and saying that Pat shot his wife, resulting in a SWAT-type swarming of police and fire at Frey's residence.
Here's what Wonkette missed:
This story is really about Kimberlin's non-profit, Velvet Revolution v James O'Keefe's non-profit, Project Veritas. Both organizations deal with voting rights policy and are at loggerheads. Check out this 22-page doc by Velvet Revolution's lawyer about O'Keefe:
Patrick Frey also seems to be heading up a conspiracy to spread libelous statements via social media. Their target is a harsh detractor of O'Keefe's – Ron Brynaert – the former editor of a liberal political news website. Brynaert broke a number of incriminating stories about probationee James O'Keefe that could well have landed O'Keefe in the clink.
Frey and his associates even seem to be trying to frame Brynaert for a crime, by spreading defamatory statements indicating that he is "in league" with Kimberlin and sounds like the voice on the 911 hoax call. Of course neither of these statements are true – they are downright laughable. But right-wing extremists and Patterico.com readers are encouraged to continue to spread those lies, by Frey and his co-conspirators.
Frey even went so far as to indicate on Glenn Beck's show, that a victim (someone Pat had been communicating with) who was SWAT-ed one week prior to Pat's alleged SWAT, was also targeted because he also was writing about Kimberlin. Completely false! That victim had been talking about information he had regarding Weinergate, just before he was SWAT-ed. He never had anything to do with Kimberlin!
The reason Frey and his associates are ramping this stuff up now, is because (I believe) the New Hampshire Attorney General has *just* asked for 7-years worth of James O'Keefe emails. And so, there is an attempt afoot by Frey and Co. to head off a potential ishstorm, by directing the conversation away from conjecture regarding the potentially damning contents of those emails, and toward the sensational tabloid-friendly crimes committed in the 1970's by the head of Velvet Revolution. Concurrently, there is an attempt to both menace and discredit O'Keefe's seemingly most dangerous critic – Brynaert – who, while he is certainly known for being combative (understatement), is also respected by both progressives and conservatives for being a skilled researcher who's like a dog with a bone when a story interests him.
I should also note, Brynaert has broken at least one story, that I know of, that proved useful for James O'Keefe; I am not trying to imply that this journo's reporting has been biased against O'Keefe. Yet, I imagine there is some concern within Team JOK, that if the 7-year email cache were to land in this Brynaert's inbox, he would undoubtedly read EVERY SINGLE FREAKIN email. And I think anyone who's been following along for the past year, knows that predicting the potentiality of that outcome, is not such a big leap, and said outcome would likely not be in the best interest of Mr. O'Keefe.
Keep in mind that voting rights policy could determine the next resident of the White House. (Much in the way that those who brought you Weinergate, knew that the NYC Mayoral seat is a very viable step to the presidency.) This is not small potatoes that Project Veritas and Velvet Revolution are warring about. I'm sure there are plenty of donation dollars in both corners.
This is actually some kind-of-serious stuff – I mean a team-attempt to frame a journalist for a crime because he published the truth about someone who has access to big money?
Not. Good.
and a reminder –
Patrick Frey's M.O. is to take advantage of people and manipulate them:
One of Frey's former supporters whom Frey would not assist with petty cash to cover court costs toward his defense against plaintiff Brett Kimberlin, wrote a note that seemed utterly despondent [to this reader] that mentioned Kimberlin. Kimberlin won a case against that former Frey supporter and I believe that they were even at one point arrested.
Now there are reports that Aaron Worthing aka Walker – a Frey disciple – has been jailed ( http://www.munseys.com/technosnarl/?p=1295 , link courtesy of commenter "Saul G.".) @rsmccain reports on his blog that Walker was taken into custody after a hearing regarding a permanent order of protection against Walker. (Walker had been bragging on twitter recently, that he always carries a gun. He had a restraining order against him at the time.)
[UPDATE: Walker has now been released from custody. A copy of this morning's peace order ]
And on a more personal note:
I want to warn readers that Patrick Frey is no friend to you. If you have a family and a dog, don't do Frey's bidding, because he doesn't mind getting others into very serious trouble. And if you want to be a lawyer and you wind up getting arrested in the service of Patrick Frey, well, that could actually ruin your life.
Remember – Frey, who resides in a $1.3 million home, wouldn't even send $200 to his pawn when said pawn was sued by Kimberlin.
(h/t STL Activist Hub for indicating where clarification was needed)
Don't Be A Dirty DogPosted in illegal with tags libel on October 24, 2011 by Qritiq
if you told lies, have 'em deleted, cuz this kittie's got a lawyer.
Akshully, more than one.
And, don't you think it's better to let (supposedly) grown men fight their own battles anyway…


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Global Professorships, University of Westminster, UK. Deadline for initial expression of interest: 9 December 2018.
The University of Westminster is now welcoming expressions of interest from outstanding international researchers not currently working in the United Kingdom to bring their research experience to the UK and the University as part of the British Academy's Professorships Scheme.
Each four-year appointment is intended to be a complete project in itself and is expected to involve a specific research focus, although the Academy does not have a preferred model for the balance of time to be spent between research and teaching (which may vary over the course of the award and will depend on the UK host institution's needs). Up to ten awards each year will be offered during the course of the programme.


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Isabelle Weisz
Isabelle Weisz : Reflections 1945 - 2014
Curator: Albert Suisa
Opening: Saturday, 3 February 2018
Closing: Saturday, 7 April 2018
Gallery talk: Tuesday, 20 February 2018 18:00
French-born Isabelle Weisz was a unique artist who operated clandestinely, as it were, since her immigration to Israel in 1972. Her work was cut short by her death in 2014. While the bulk of Weisz's artwork was formed in Israel, memories of the life of the Jewish community in France in the post-World War II days of grief and confusion left a profound imprint on her oeuvre.
Her work results from observation stemming from emotion and addressing emotion; a painting which learns from itself and knows itself, gradually evolving through scrutiny and search, constructed from within, from one painting to the next, as a doctrine at once orderly and turbulent, intrinsic and enigmatic. The real and the symbolic place from which the majority of her works emerge and to which they return is always the home, whose foremost spiritual image is the window. The act of painting is a "commandment," both literally and metaphorically—it is an inner obligation and impulse underlain by courtesy, sharing, and giving which go beyond the art object and the artist's self-importance.
Born 1945 in France
Died 2014
M.A in psychology, Paris, France
Fine art studies, Paris, France
Solo exhibitions
1982 Alon Gallery, Jerusalem
1987 Jerusalem Artists' House
1989 Debel Gallery, Jerusalem
1997 Jerusalem Theater, Jerusalem
1998 City Gallery, Jerusalem
2004 Ofra Gallery, Ofra
2011 Espace 10, Jerusalem
2015 Amalia Arbel Gallery, 2015 Tel Aviv
2016 Silver House Gallery, Ramat Gan
Group exhibitions
1986 Jerusalem Artists' House
1987 Alliance Francaise House, Jerusalem
1990 Del Bello Art gallery, Toronto, Canada
1992 L'Aigle de Nice, France
1997 Represented Israel at the "Women Creators of the Two Seas", UNESCO, Thessaloniki, Greece
2000 Jerusalem Artists' House
2002 International Exhibition, Bucharest
2009 Ein Hod gallery, Ein Hod
2011 Espace 10 gallery, Jerusalem
2016 Azrieli Center, Holon
2016 Rubinsthein Tower, Tel Aviv
2016 Gallery on the Lake, Raanana
2016 Givatayim Theater, Givatayim
2016 Tirosh Gallery, Herzliya
2016 ArtisTTable's 21st Online Exhibition
Gallery Talk in Isabelle Weisz's Exhibition
Isabelle Weisz: Reflections, 1945 – 2014
Curator: Albert Suisa
Tue., 20.2.18 at 6 pm


text:
180 Wakea Ave., Kahului
Technically not a greasy spoon, Oyaku Tei is one of the last ohana Okazu type spots left in Kahului still offering great local breakfasts. The breakfast bento costs about $7 and is packed with teriyaki, Spam, Portuguese sausage, herbed omelette, hot dog, rice, furikake, and house-pickled daikon. It's basically just grab and go.
The menu is mainly in Japanese, but the breakfasts include American basics and local foods like French toast, eggs, meat and a croissant sandwich, all priced between $6 and $7. With the Spam musubi, they sandwich a piece of Spam between a pressed loaf of rice and blanket it in seaweed for just $1.75. They also sell their housemade namasu, pickled mango and kim chee.
The dining room is really cozy, like eating at tutu's house. Just settle in with your food, or take it to go. Sometimes I even share a table.
Their burger is excellent: Maui Cattle Company beef seasoned their way with a plain white bun that's grilled to order. A plain burger costs $1.95 and adding cheese, lettuce, tomato and onion raises the price to $2.75.
You can pick up lunch anytime, and they open at 6am. The misoyaki butterfish sells out quickly so don't be afraid to grab one at breakfast. Unlike many diners they also take credit cards and, on rare occasions, other forms of currency. I recently tried to pass a Fun Factory token here as a quarter, but the ladies just laughed and said their grandkids would happily take it.
Part 3 of 3 on Kahului Diners
See the previous part here


text:
If you're wondering how to become a paramedic, you're definitely not the only one. About 325 people per day search for this term in the many search engines available. That's quite a bit! But it's an important topic, and one that I hope I can provide enough information to get you on your way and actually become a paramedic.
Paramedics service in a very fast-paced profession centered on saving lives. They have always seemed to work under non-structured conditions that are prone to many modifications through the years, whether it be location or education. A paramedic is responsible for a group of EMS (Emergency Medical Service) employees and must always promote a safe and calm environment. To become a paramedic is to learn how to be accountable for possessing the knowledge and expertise in administering medication, calculating mathematical dosages of drugs, dispensing advanced life support, performing within high stress situations, and supplying professional care in all areas of their influence.
Depending upon the employer, the paramedic may be working (and most likely will be) in high stress environments on a continuous basis. Because of the nature of this profession, paramedics should be in top physical, emotional, and mental condition. The safety of others depend upon it. Women make great paramedics as well.
Paramedics are known to not only work in hospitals or stick to constant movement in an ambulance; some work in research labs, private companies, and even fire departments. So think about the possibilities as you enter this industry. But first...
There are a few steps to take before somebody can become a paramedic. Every state is pretty much different in their qualifications and the number of certifications you need. But one thing stands at the forefront for a necessary requirement: the NREMT (National Registered Emergency Medical Technician) registration. This may be acquired through taking the NREMT exam (whether online or at a testing center near you). There are other certifications and exams one must pass or obtain before anyone can become a paramedic as well. But we'll cover all of this by first discussing the actual levels one must pass through to become a paramedic:
- Obtain the NREMT certification (this is not required in all states)
- Enter a state-approved training program
- Obtain your state-specific EMT-Basic certification (some state's require you begin by becoming a First Responder)
- Once you have received your EMT Basic training, you should be gaining experience and look to continue your education. There are certain ways to do this in each state.
- Obtain the EMT-Intermediate certification (some states allow you to skip this step and start training for paramedic)
- Acquire more Continuing Education courses and on-the-job experience
- Apply for and pass the EMT-Paramedic license and exam (some states require at least an Associate's Degree). Make sure to check with each state's EMS Department.
- Find a job on the paramedic job board.
For precise information, detailed state-specific requirements, and resources to help you succeed, there are authority sites on this profession that can give you all of the information you need. Whether it's finding a paramedic opening or understanding what the paramedic logo stands for, consider visiting other articles by Manspaugh. You'll soon find what you're looking for.
Good luck to you and I sincerely hope you will succeed in your future career choice!


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text: The Etape du Tour info for 2018 was announced last month. Next year's edition will be held on July 8, 2018 along with Stage 10 of the 2018 Tour de France. The route will be 169 km from Lake Annecy to Le Grand-Bornand and include 4 massive climbs for a total elevation gain of 4000 meters on the day.


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