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ISSUE 10 July 5, 2001
Preliminary research has shown good leafy spurge control for more than two years from a spring applied application of Tordon at 1 pt/A + 2,4-D amine at 1 qt/A + Plateau at 4 fl oz/A + MSO adjuvant at 1 qt/A + 28% N at 1 qt/A. However, research has shown that Plateau applied without other herbicides gives greater leafy spurge control when applied in late summer or early fall and the Section 18 directs the use as such. The question has arose is Plateau can be applied in the spring. Below is a clarification of the federal and Section 18 label for use of Plateau for leafy spurge control.
Federal label:
Allows use of Plateau in spring or fall at rates up to 12 fl oz/A on noncropland. Plateau can be applied to CRP (no grazing or haying) at a maximum rate of 4 fl oz/A. Plateau cannot be used on any area where grazing or haying will occur.
Label recommends for best results to apply in late summer or early fall (August through mid-October). However, spring applications are not prohibited.
ND Section Label:
Plateau may be applied to areas to be grazed or hayed such as pasture, rangeland and CRP at rates of 8 to 12 fl oz/A. NOTE: The Section label is effective from August 1 through December 31, 2001. Plateau cannot be applied before August 1 to any area to be hayed or grazed.
The spring application of Tordon + 2,4-D + Plateau + MSO adjuvant + 28% N can only be applied in noncropland! Treated areas cannot be hayed or grazed. Technically, spring applications made in noncrop areas can not be grazing indefinitely. BASF is seeking label amendment to allow grazing and/or haying but the registration has NOT been approved.
Plateau does not control Canada thistle.
The NRCS has issued notification to land owners of their responsibility to prevent spread of noxious weeds, including Canada thistle, in CRP. Some may choose multiple mowing/ clipping as a means to prevent seed formation because it is the least expensive option for the CRP to still be enrolled in the program. Mowing/clipping will not injure legumes where chemical application may injure or kill legumes. The NRCS has issued policy concerning control of noxious weeds in CRP and allow noxious weed control in grass/legume plantings. Refer to Paragraph T16 on page 109 of the 2001 ND Weed Control Guide for the policy. Mowing/clipping does absolutely nothing to kill roots or prevent underground root expansion. Despite mowing the root system may continue to increase in size within thistle patches.
A few strategies can be used to not only control top growth but also kill roots. These strategies will cost more but results will be much greater.
#1. Apply Redeem prior to thistle bud stage. Redeem contains two products one of which is clopyralid (Stinger) and cost approximately $65.00/gal. Rates range from 2.5 to 4 pts/A. NOTE: You get more clopyralid in Redeem for your dollar than any other product on the market, including Curtail or Curtail M. Cost is $20 to $32.50/A depending on rate.
#2. Use the Hunter Method or Rosette Method for Canada thistle control. Control thistle until the latter part of July when day length is less than 15 hours. See Paragraph T2 on page 107 of the 2001 ND Weed Guide for more information. Apply a relatively inexpensive but effective top growth control product like 2,4-D amine at 1 to 2 qt/A prior to thistle bud stage. 2,4-D controls top growth slowly. New shoots will emerge after day length is shorter than 15 hours but will not bolt but remain in the rosette stage. Apply Redeem to rosettes in late September or early October. Excellent root kill will result and thistle patches will controlled if not be greatly reduced in size. Followup application will be required in successive years. You cannot kill perennial weeds with one application of any herbicide - except maybe 2 gallons of Tordon/A.
#3. Some have asked if the Rosette method can be used with mowing/clipping. The strategy would include multiple clippings until late July then spray Redeem in late September or October. The key to making the Rosette Technique work is controlling ALL top growth until day length is shorter than 15 hours. When new growth emerges it senses short day length and will respond by not bolting. With mowing, bolted plants are clipped but basal leaves continue to sense day length. New growth emerging after late July are connected to plant roots that have been preconditioned by the long day length and established thistle patches may not respond to Redeem or other herbicide the same as using #2 above. Therefore, success may not be as great. NDSU does not have data to support these assumptions from clipping followed by herbicide application in CRP.
In short, clipping followed by herbicide application will give better control that just clipping alone. Any control strategy other than clipping and included with clipping is better than clipping alone. Wet years and mild winters continue to allow Canada thistle to increase in establishment and expansion of patch size. It appears Canada thistle has become one of ND worst weeds. Areas of little disturbance, like CRP, are fertile grounds for noxious weed establishment. However, land owners are also stewards of their land and should manage their land to prevent weed establishment that can infest surrounding areas. Your neighbors will certainly appreciate it.
Redeem does not control leafy spurge.
Absinth wormwood is a noxious weed of ND and requires control in CRP. Page 52 of the 2001 ND Weed Control Guide contain information for most effective control. The most cost effective treatment is 2,4-D at 2 qt/A. NOTE: Application should be made when plants are AT LEAST 12 inches tall and actively growing . Herbicides applied in late-June to mid-August have given greater residual control than spring or fall application. Plants can be mowed in early to mid-summer to promote active regrowth prior to fall treatment.
Richard Zollinger
NDSU Extension Weed Specialist


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Kids MPack1 for Doodle Scratch
by: EquiComp Solutions • 224
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by: EquiComp Solutions • 224
Kids MegaPack1 is a content pack of 70 different pictures to add to your Doodle Scratch app!
If you don't already have our Doodle Scratch app, it will guide you to install it first. Kids can "scratch" the color to reveal the picture behind it or you can hit the button that turns the photos black and white and then "scratch" the image to bring the color back to the photo!
Contact us regarding the Doodle Scratch app and content packs at http://www.doodlescratch.com
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text:
Horse Sleigh Rides in the winterly paradise
Discover the winterly Ischgl with the sleigh
Riding a horse sleigh through a snowy, wintry landscape is pure romance. The sound of crunching snow underneath the sledge, cuddling up under warm blankets, the fresh air, and the peace and calm surroundings will sweep you off your feet.
With a horse sleigh from Ischgl to Mathon
A horse sleigh ride is a great contrast to the exciting hustle and bustle within the skiing region of Ischgl or at the après ski locations. Covered in warm blankets you will experience a totally new side of Ischgl. With the sleigh you enter a magical winter wonderland in no time. Wide snow fields open up in front of your eyes. And if you decide to go on a sleigh ride in the evening, the stars will let the snow glisten even more beautifully.
Your coachman will bring you to Mathon with his horses, an area of Ischgl located on the way to Galtür. In Mathon you can stop for refreshments, have a hot drink and have a chat. Of course, the locals and the coachman are also great to exchange cultural anecdotes and stories of the region.
The horse sleigh rides in Ischgl are also an all time favourite for romantic dates. When flirting and dancing at the clubs and bars you will meet new people. Invite your new friends on a sleigh ride, maybe the holiday flirt will turn into something more? The evening sleigh rides are especially rather popular so make sure you inform the team at the ski hotel madlein▪ about your preferred dates. The team than can organise a sleigh ride for you.
You already have the right date for a romantic horse sleigh ride? Then best book your preferred dates straight away. Send a non-binding enquiry for a holiday package at Hotel madlein▪


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Lots of people argue about which place has the best pizza. But only a geek's geek would get so obsessed that they spend a whole weekend determining as scientifically as possible exactly who's right and who's wrong.
Enter David Shamma, a research scientist and Chicago style pizza snob. He argued with former Yahoo product guru Daniel Raffel about which Chicago joint had the best pizza.
They failed to find common ground. So (of course) they asked a scientist and cognitive psychologist specializing in human-computer interaction to create and conduct an experiment to settle things.
They dragged a dozen more people into the experiment ("entrepreneurs, product managers, engineers, scientists, designers, a pizzaiolo, a librarian and a lawyer") got to work:
On December 12th, we gathered our 12 testers in total. Entrepreneurs, product managers, engineers, scientists, designers, a pizzaiolo, a librarian and a lawyer rounded out our collection of people from around the bay area; half of these testers identified themselves as those who prefer New York pizza over Chicago. Three cheese Chicago-style pizzas were brought in locally from: Little Star, Patxi's, and Zachary's. The 2 shipped frozen and reheated from Chicago were Lou's and Gino's. All these pizzas were of Chicago Deep Dish style—not the "stuffed" variety. Dr. Churchill, who was not taking the test herself, designed a 'pizza score card' to measure peoples judgement on each pizza on a 1-5 scale: Appearance, Smell, Texture, Taste, Finish, and Overall-loving-feeling. Each pizza was presented unbranded on a standard pizza board labeled only with a number. Each taster drew numbers from a hat to determine the order in which they tasted pizzas. This helps to control the error of the pizzas getting cold as they sat out.
Which pizza won? Who cares? New York style pizza is superior in every way to the Chicago slop they tested. But it's absolutely hilarious to see how obsessed these guys get over pizza.
Nerds! I love em. Read the whole story here.


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Almost 140 entertainers sent an open letter urging Texas to reject legislation that would strike down transgender-friendly bathroom policies in public schools, government buildings and city ordinances.
The letter, released Tuesday, said the artists had a responsibility to do "everything within our power to make sure all of our fans, crews, and fellow artists feel safe and welcome, wherever we go."
"It is up to you whether these bills will become law, and we are watching," said the letter, signed by musicians including Alicia Keys, Ariana Grande, Britney Spears, Cyndi Lauper, Kesha and Lady Gaga, as well as actors Amy Poehler, Emma Stone, Ewan McGregor, Jennifer Lawrence and Julianne Moore.
"Artistic expression has always been a political act, and some of the most venerate artists in our history have put themselves on the line to take a stand against injustice. We humbly add our names to that proud tradition today, in asking you to end the needless targeting of LGBTQ people in Texas," the letter said.
Senate Bill 6 and a similar measure, House Bill 1362, would prohibit public schools from allowing transgender children to use multi-stall bathrooms that conform with their gender identity. State government buildings would be barred from creating transgender-friendly bathrooms, and cities and counties would be prohibited from requiring bathrooms that accommodate transgender individuals.
The fight over the bills been heating steadily, with leading Texas businesses warning that passage would tarnish the state's welcoming climate for businesses — prompting boycotts from entertainers, sports leagues and travelers while discouraging some corporations from relocating or expanding in the state.
Last week, clergy members gathered in competing Austin forums to support and oppose the legislation, which is a priority for Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick.
Patrick and other supporters say economic concerns are overblown and insist that SB 6 is required to protect privacy and promote safety in bathrooms, locker rooms and dressing rooms — places where people are at their most vulnerable.
Echoing other opponents, the entertainers who signed Tuesday's open letter to Texas said such concerns are misguided because transgender people are most at risk.
"Transgender and gender-nonconforming young people are already subjected to bullying and harassment. Can you imagine the message these bills send to children — the message of 'that child is unwelcome, that child is dangerous'?"
Young transgender people already face high rates of family rejection, homelessness and suicide, the entertainers wrote. "How much more can you punish them for living honestly and openly?"
(c)2017 Austin American-Statesman, Texas
Visit Austin American-Statesman, Texas at www.statesman.com
Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.
This content is published through a licensing agreement with Acquire Media using its NewsEdge technology.


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I am going to be holding a teen crochet class at the public library on July 7 - that isn't too far away from now so I need to get cracking on designing a project. I decided to make Beastie Balls. I can not say any more than that... I have a picture in my head. I know what I want to make. It will be quick, easy and adorable... that's my story and I'm sticking to it!!
The Beastie Balls will be made available on the website in July.
I also have some bugs that I have been working on. I have 4 done so far but must... make... more.... bugs....!!


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Our Vision
To be a beacon of hope for all people, and their families, who are suffering from addictions and mental illness.
Our Mission
To bring hope, health and happiness to troubled people, through our expertise in the holistic treatment of addictions and mental illness, by changing lives and healing families.
Our Motto
The South Pacific Private Core Values
People have inherent worth.
All people are precious; this is not up for debate. It is the nature of humanity to be perfectly imperfect, and our value, or worth, as a human being is never in question because it is inherent. To have a healthy self esteem is to value ourselves even when we don't do things well or when we are faced with our imperfections.
People are vulnerable.
All people are age appropriately vulnerable and require functioning boundaries to protect and contain themselves. It is the responsibility of parents and/or carers to support and protect a child appropriately, and to teach healthy self-protection and containment as a child matures. It is the responsibility of an adult to protect and contain themselves in relationships with healthy boundaries.
People are perfectly imperfect.
To own our reality is to find our authentic or true self below the layers of adaptations and faulty self-concepts developed during childhood in shamed based family systems. Self-knowledge and acceptance are necessary for people to be respectful of both their own reality and the reality of others. This underpins our ability to be accountable and experience healthy intimacy in relationships.
People are inter-dependent.
It is the responsibility of parents and/or carers to meet the age appropriate dependency needs of a child and to teach healthy self care as a child matures. It is the responsibility of an adult to take care of their own needs and wants appropriately, including asking for, and receiving help when needed, and to avoid doing for others what they can do for themselves.
People are spontaneous, open and moderate.
Spontaneity and openness allow both children and adults to interact with our environment and in relationships with creativity and passion, and to play. Children develop healthy moderation in behaviour and attitudes as they are parented with age appropriate limit setting and healthy self-containment. It is the responsibility of adults to moderate impulses to contain or control themselves or others.


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Stan Lee, Bones' Heroman TV Anime Dated for April
posted on by Egan Loo
The website of the Japanese publisher Square Enix has announced that the Heroman anime from American comic pioneer Stan Lee and the BONES anime studio will premiere on TV Tokyo's network in April. Lee is the co-creator of Spider-Man, X-Men, and several other titles from Marvel Comics, while Bones animated Fullmetal Alchemist and Soul Eater, among other anime.
According to the May 2008 issue of Kadokawa Shoten's Newtype magazine, the story of Heroman will center on a boy named Joey who discovers a toy robot near the west coast of the United States. The toy becomes Heroman, a giant robot that Joey pilots against evil threats.
Tamon Ōta already launched a manga version in Square Enix's Monthly Shonen Gangan magazine on August 12. The anime subcontractor Studio Wanpack has been updating its progress on Heroman anime's production since last year.
Pow! Entertainment, Lee's current production company, is producing a separate manga series called Ultimo with manga creator Hiroyuki Takei (Shaman King), Shueisha's Jump Square magazine, and Viz Media's Shonen Jump magazine. Last year, Lee was also developing an animated television series named Quartz with GDH, which was the corporate parent of the Gonzo anime studio, but his website no longer lists Quartz as an active project. Last month, Disney gained "enhanced rights to the creative output of Pow! Entertainment as well as exclusive consulting services" and invested US$2.5 million into Pow! Entertainment.
Source: Saishin Anime Jōhō


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Integral Yoga®
Integral Yoga is a form of Hatha yoga involving conscious movement, accessible to students of all ages and abilities.
The goal of Integral Yoga® is to have an easeful body, a peaceful mind and a useful life.
When practiced as a complete discipline, Integral Yoga incorporates the following practices: Hatha yoga (asanas, pranayama), Raja Yoga (self-discipline and meditation), Bhakti Yoga (the path of devotion), Karma yoga (selfless action), Jnana yoga (reflection, self-analysis) and Japa yoga (mantra repetition).
According to Integral Yoga it is the birthright of all individuals to realize the spiritual unity behind the diversity throughout creation and to live harmoniously as members of "one universal family".
This goal is achieved by the maintaining of our natural condition as:
• a body of optimal health and strength,
• senses under total control,
• a mind well disciplined, clear, and calm,
• an intellect as sharp as a razor,
• a will as strong and pliable as steel,
• a heart full of unconditional love and compassion,
• an ego as pure as crystal, and
• a life filled with supreme peace, joy and bliss.


text:
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By Alan Duffy
In news that most Gooners were dreading, their beloved captain RVP decided not to renew his contract with the north Londoners. The Dutch striker released the following statement on his own website:
"This is an update for the fans about my current situation. I have kept quiet all this time out of respect and loyalty for the club and as agreed with Mr. Gazidis and Mr. Wenger, but since there is so much speculation in the media, I think it is fair for you guys to know what's really going on at the moment.
As announced earlier this year I had a meeting with the Boss and Mr. Gazidis after the season. This was a meeting about the club's future strategy and their policy. Financial terms or a contract have not been discussed, since that is not my priority at all.
I personally have had a great season but my goal has been to win trophies with the team and to bring the club back to its glory days. Out of my huge respect for Mr. Wenger, the players and the fans I don't want to go into any details, but unfortunately in this meeting it has again become clear to me that we in many aspects disagree on the way Arsenal FC should move forward.
I've thought long and hard about it, but I have decided not to extend my contract. You guys, the fans, have of course the right to disagree with my view and decision and I will always respect your opinions.
I love the club and the fans, no matter what happens. I have grown up and became a man during my time with Arsenal FC. Everybody at the club and the fans have always supported me over the years and I have always given my all (and more) on and off the pitch. I am very proud of being part of this fantastic club for the last 8 years. As soon as Mr. Gazidis is back from his 2-week holiday in America further meetings will follow and I will update you if and when there are more developments."
So there you have it, quite a damning judgement on Arsene Wenger and co., to be honest.
Apparently, the Gunners themselves weren't expecting such a statement from their captain, and eventually released a rather bland one of their own:
" We have to respect Robin's decision not to renew his contract. Robin has one year to run on his current contract and we are confident that he will fulfil his commitments to the Club.
"We are planning with ambition and confidence for next season with Arsenal's best interests in mind."
Now, let's face it, Van Persie is 28 and this will probably be his last chance for a big move to a bigger club, so I don't think too many Arsenal fans will be angered by that simple fact. However, on the other hand, this is a player who, before last season, had spent much of his time plagued by injury. Therefore, you could say that it's a bit cheeky for RVP to feck off after one proper decent season for Arsenal. Finally, after losing Cesc Fabregas last season, Gooners won't be happy by the fact that yet another captain and star player is leaving.
Looking at the statement from Arsenal, they may well be planning to keep their Dutch star for the remaining year of his contract. However, it might be wiser to cash in on their prize possession now, with the likes of Manchester City and Real Madrid sniffing about. Also, going on his career so far, the odds of Van Persie going another season free from injury are slim.
Anyway, with Olivier Giroud and Lukas Podolski already brought in as replacements up front, Wenger could do worse than cash in his Dutch chips and bolster his defence with a shiny new signing or two, and maybe even bring in a new goalkeeper. After all, last season scoring goals wasn't the issue for the Gunners, it was keeping them out at the other end.


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Meaghan quit cross-country last year. She certainly had reason to … but she hated that she never completed the season. The thing is, she doesn't even really like cross-country. But, she is not a quitter. So, in her stubborn determination, she signed up for cross-country again this year … and by golly … she completed the season!
But Meg didn't just complete the season … she rocked it. She made nearly every practice. She mentored some of the younger runners. She enthusiastically participated and helped to encourage team spirit and pride. She devoted herself to it. And her efforts paid off big.
This season, Meg received a ribbon at every meet except the one she got sick at (and she even ran while sick!). Gotta love that stubborn determination.
And – for her final championship race – she not only "placed" (as they call it) but she ran her best time ever!!! And her team went on to win the Championship for our region!!!
Thanks to all the wonderful people who have been encouraging her to be her best self. Your messages are getting through … loud and clear.
Now maybe Meg can encourage me to join that dodge ball team I have been SO wanting to join. (It's for real! And they play other area dodge ball teams. How cool is that?)
PS. Love you Meg.


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Instructor Sanko Lewis, of South African origin, has over 20 years of martial art experience and has black belts in ITF Taekwon-Do (5th dan) and Hapkido (4th dan). He also has experience in Taekkyeon, Tang Soo Do, Brazilian Jiujitsu and other styles, as well as Parkour ("urban free-running").
Instructor Lewis has a PhD from Kyunghee University's Graduate School of Physical Education, and specialises in Martial Arts Philosophy and has presented papers on martial arts at international symposiums. Dr Lewis is an executive member of the South Africa Taekwon-Do Institute and is Kwangjangnim of the Soo Shim Kwan (a federation, which is part of the SATI). Mr Lewis has hosted a number of all-style tournaments, cross-training workshops and self-defence seminars.
As chief instructor of Soo Shim Kwan ◦ Seoul, he focuses on practical and self-defense oriented lessons based on martial principles and oriental philosophy. He also writes for martial art magazines and websites.
The senior advisor for Soo Shim Kwan ◦ Seoul is Master Kim Hoon, who received his first black belt in Taekwondo in 1975. Since then he has acquired a 7th Dan in WTF Taekwondo, a 7th Dan in Hapkido, an 8th Dan in ITF Taekwondo and a 7th Dan in Kickboxing.
He was part of the Korean Tiger Demonstration Team, acting as team captain for multiple years, and has demonstrated and taught martial arts in 30 countries.
In 2003 Master Kim reestablished ITF Taekwondo (the original Taekwondo that was developed in the South Korean military and applied during the Vietnam War) in South Korea. His gym was the first to teach this original version of Taekwondo in Seoul, South Korea since the early seventies.
Master Kim majored in Taekwondo at Kyunghee University and also taught martial arts (both standup and ground fighting) for 4 years at a Korean university, during which time he was Mixed Martial Arts Team Manager and also Martial Arts commentator for NBC ESPN in 2007. He was also the first fight choreographer of the much acclaimed Nanta and Jump shows. Some of Master Kim's students have competed internationally in K1 and UFC competitions and at ITF Taekwondo World Championships. His most famous university student is the MMA competitor known as "Korean Zombie".
Master Kim's current focus is rehabilitative therapy, in order to help people to relieve muscular pains, tension headaches, postural problems and so on. To accomplish this he uses insights from rehabilitative medicine, Pilates, yoga, and his years of experience in sports medicine and martial arts.


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Diego Costa will not need an operation
to solve his ongoing hamstring problem, Jose
Mourinho claimed, as the Chelsea manager also
insisted the forward will be selected for
Saturday's home match against Stoke City. Costa sat out Spain's Euro 2016 qualifying win
over Ukraine and then the 2-0 friendly defeat to
the Netherlands over the last week, but
Mourinho insisted that the best way to deal
with the situation is with Chelsea's current
approach. "To work as he does in the season, in
prevention to make the muscle stronger, but at
the same time elastic and flexible," the Chelsea
boss said. "Recover well with no big accumulation of
fatigue. This is what we do. We don't believe in
operations. Our medical department and myself,
we believe an operation is the last resort for
every injury, so we try and be conservative, to
train and recover and try and compensate the problems. "I don't believe we'll ever go in the surgery
direction. "It was the same injury, a hamstring, and he
dedicated himself to recovering," Mourinho said
of Costa's international absence. "No days off, the medical department were
saying. Morning, afternoon, working hard. We
can say we did all the tests and scans to
confirm, two days ago, scientifically the
situation and at this moment the muscle is fine. "But football is more than that: you need
confidence, to believe that you don't need to
break your intensity and are free to express
yourself at the maximum intensity, and that's
our doubt. "We'll see the next 24 hours. But selected?
That's for sure." – Hazard set to start – Mourinho also expects Eden Hazard to start
against Stoke, despite complaints of fatigue
during the week following the international
break. The forward was involved in Belgium's 5-0 win
over Cyprus, and then the 1-0 win over Israel,
in their Euro 2016 qualifying group. "Hazard is tired because he played two matches
in three days because he played in Israel,
travelled, didn't sleep, arrived in Belgium 5am or
6am, and he's been playing. "We think he can recover in these couple of
days, but he plays tomorrow. That's football." Otherwise, Chelsea have no injuries, but John
Obi Mikel is not yet fit enough to be involved. Mourinho also claimed the title race has now
extended to four teams, given how tight the
top is, and refused to do what he did in
2004-05 and predict a date Chelsea would win
the league. "Four [teams] now," Mourinho said, with the
two Manchester clubs and Arsenal all giving
chase. "Look at the points difference. You have to say
four now. Not five, because there's a gap from
fourth to fifth and, with eight matches to go,
that's a difficult game from first to fifth. "But the points difference between second,
third and fourth makes me think and feel that
they are there. "We need six victories and one draw from nine
matches. A good situation for us, and one all the
other clubs would like to have. But it's pure
mathematics. We need to win six matches and
draw one. We need to do that, and we haven't
done it yet." Asked whether he could put a date on the day
they'd win the league, he said it's "too early". "But if we're champions in the last match, I'm
more than happy with that. I'm not thinking
about how or when. I'm just thinking that we
need to win six matches and draw one. "Every victory we have now is one victory less
that we need, and one less occasion for our
opponents to reach us. We have to go."
Costa won't go underknife says Mourinho
Diego Costa will not need an operation


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Back in her high school days in a Delaware small town, Whit Anderson's days were jammed with activity — academics and athletics were all-consuming and there was little time for empty entertainment. "I didn't really watch much television at all, but I always watched 'Buffy the Vampire Slayer,' that was the one show I would watch when I got home. I just loved this character. I was the same age as Buffy and it was so rare to have a female lead character on TV in those days who was strong and capable and smart but also allowed to be feminine."
During its seven-season run, the beloved "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" series put some fang into high-school melodrama long before "Twilight" made the undead all sparkly, and one big reason was the ability of the show's creator, Joss Whedon, to put himself in the head of his female fans. Now we'll find out if that rapport works in the other direction as the 29-year-old Anderson works on the script for a Warner Bros. feature-film "Buffy" reboot that is moving forward without Whedon.
Anderson, with a chuckle, said she is "fighting through" the script right now, but her concept has already engerized some key supporters. Charles Roven, one of the producers of "Batman Begins," said his Atlas Entertainment signed on after he saw something special in Anderson's tone and story.
"Generally, I wouldn't have said 'Let's revive this,' but Whit's take is pretty compelling and a lot of fun, and it's interesting to see all of this re-imagined. This is a completely new reboot. Tone is extremely important and you want the audience to realize what is at stake and the peril is real, but at the same time what's going on should be fun and inviting and keep everyone engaged. It needs to be relevant to today, too, and that is what Whit has found a way to do."
Roven added: "There is an active fan base eagerly awaiting this character's return…. While this is not your high-school Buffy, she'll be just as witty, tough and sexy as we all remember her to be." The project has plenty of hurdles ahead, and there is no announced director, but Roven said hopes to see the film reach theaters in 2012 or perhaps even 2011.
The character first appeared in the 1992 film "Buffy the Vampire Slayer," written by Whedon and starring Kristy Swanson, but it was Whedon's darker, more nuanced television series starring Sarah Michelle Gellar that took the property beyond simple satire and created a truly memorable pop-culture epic. The show ran on the WB and then UPN, and its 144 episodes secured an acclaim that far exceeded their ratings. Three years ago, TV Guide ranked it the third on a top 25 list of all-time cult shows, putting it right behind "Star Trek" and "The X-Files." More recently, Empire magazine put it at No. 2 on its list of best shows ever, a tally that had "The Simpsons" at No. 1 and"The Sopranos" at No. 3.
Anderson knows that without Whedon (who is gearing up to direct "The Avengers" for Marvel Studios) the most devoted fans of the old series will be keeping a skeptical eye on this nascent revival — and sharpening their wooden stakes. Anderson, who studied theater at Northwestern and moved to Los Angeles in 2003, said she will take the touchstones of the Whedon world but frame them in "a new story" that is very much of the moment. She cited Christopher Nolan's revival of Batman as a supreme example of how a familiar character and revered mythology can be brought to the big screen with a vital new vision.
"The thing that was so wonderful about 'Buffy' is what made it special was so timeless," Anderson said. "The deep struggle she had with duty and destiny, that tug between what you're supposed to be doing and what you want to be doing. The fate of the world is on her shoulders but some days she wakes up and she just doesn't want to do it. And are we doomed and destined to love someone? That conflict was very interesting to me. Those are the things I loved about her and her world. She also represents — like all the heroes — something empowering for us. She's reminds us of what we could be if we were in our top form, the best of us if we were at our very best, and even then we still see the vulnerability and doubts she has inside. That's where we all connect."
Source: latimes
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Buffy the Vampire Slayer - New Movie but no Joss, will you watch?
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A Houston businesswoman has rejected prosecutors' efforts to get her to testify against Rep. Michael Grimm, R-N.Y., in exchange for a deal on the campaign fundraising charges against her, setting the stage for a trial in Brooklyn, N.Y., according to her lawyer.
Attorney Stuart Kaplan said federal prosecutors were expected to seek a new indictment against Diana Durand, after cancellation of a scheduled court appearance on Monday to discuss the status of plea negotiations.
"The court date was canceled since we couldn't agree on any plea deal," Kaplan told the Houston Chronicle. "Ms. Durand is committed to exercising her constitutional right to go to trial."
Kaplan said Justice Department prosecutors have been "trying to selectively twist her arm or to target her because they believe it will help the government's case" against Grimm.
Grimm is a second-term conservative Republican congressman from Staten Island who came to national attention in January after threatening to throw a reporter off a Capitol Hill balcony. He had become angry when the reporter asked him about the status of an apparent corruption investigation.
"I think they're trying to get her to cough up something that just doesn't exist," Kaplan said in a telephone interview.
Robert Nardoza, spokesman for the U.S. Attorney's Office in the Eastern District of New York, said Durand faced a statutory maximum of eight years in federal prison if convicted on three campaign-finance charges in a criminal complaint filed last August.
Prosecutors "really have no comment on the case because it's pending," Nardoza said.
The Justice Department official also declined comment on any possible link between the charges against Durand and her possible testimony against Grimm.
Durand, an executive with RelaDyne, an Ohio-based company that distributes lubricants and fueling products, allegedly coordinated more than $10,000 in donations to Grimm's first congressional campaign in 2010 by using so-called "straw donors," including foreign nationals, in addition to donating the $4,800 maximum herself.
Durand also faces charges of illegally donating $4,800 to another congressman and lying to FBI agents about the donations in a June 2012 interview.
Durand denies any wrongdoing. She remains free on $50,000 bond. Her lawyer said she was "unsophisticated and inexperienced" about fundraising. "She was just trying to help this guy out who she was in a relationship with — nothing more, nothing less."
Grimm was facing campaign-finance challenges in 2010, having raised only $925,231 by mid-October compared to the $2.5 million war chest amassed by then-U.S. Rep. Michael McMahon, D-N.Y. Grimm went on to defeat McMahon in 2010 and win re-election in 2012.
Grimm, a former FBI agent who served undercover, continues to face investigations by both the Justice Department and the House Ethics Committee into allegations that he solicited and accepted banned contributions from foreign donors during his maiden 2010 congressional campaign.
Grimm's attorney, William McGinley, said he had no comment on developments in Durand's case.


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"One autumn morning, Farmer Brown gets on his tractor and heads to town. Along the way, he picks up a cat in a hat, a goat in a coat, an ox in socks, and other animals who love their clothes and each animal sings a little song about what it s wearing. When they reach the town, it s Farmer Brown s turn to sing about his clothes after he gets some new ones. This silly farmyard romp will have kids singing about their own favorite clothes." (from goodreads)
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Here's a snapshot of what went down across NZ during #GHAW2018…
The Auckland team spent most of the week out of the office and out in the community, at several gambling harm awareness raising events across the city. From presentations, to movie screenings at the library; community dinners; hosting BBQ's at a gaming venue for Pause the Pokies; and staffing a stall at SkyCity Casino, the Auckland team had a huge GHAW week.
Our Midlands team had a busy week supporting gaming venues who participated in the Pause the Pokies campaign.
Our Practice Leader for Midlands-Central, Denise Giles also met with Louise Upston, Tim Macindoe and David Bennett (National MPs) during the week to discuss the Pause the Pokies initiative and increase awareness of gambling harm.
The PGF, Mapu Maia and Asian Family Services teams were essential in the smooth running of our Pause the Pokies campaign. Our Wellington office was the hub for coordinating this initiative, with our Health Promotion Lead, Tina McIvor, at the helm coordinating the coordinators, gaming venues, Trusts and more.
Read more about the Pause the Pokies initiative here.
The team also met with Ginny Anderson Labour MP and Josh Briggs from the Hutt City Council during the pause at the Fitzroy Tavern.
GHAW was a busy week for the Southern team, with gambling harm initiatives happening all over Christchurch and Dunedin.
The team, alongside The Salvation Army Oasis, hosted two free movie nights, where they did both brief interventions and evaluations. They hosted a free lunchtime rave, and a Grass Games and Family Fun Day. They also had a stall at the Eastgate Mall, where they gave out information about gambling harm and conducted brief interventions.
Asian Family Services held an Asian Cultural Experience community event on 8 September at the Mount Eden War Memorial Hall, to celebrate Asian culture and engage with the community. The event included live performances, face painting, and the chance to have a free family portrait with a professional photographer.
Mapu Maia are still in the busy stages of planning their 'Say Yes to Family, No to Gambling event' that is to be held at the Otahuhu Methodist Church Hall on Saturday 10 October. However, it was also Tongan Language Week during Gambling Harm Awareness Week, so the team took the opportunity to prepare a video in the Tongan language (with English subtitles) to raise awareness of gambling harm among Pacific communities.
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Article Text
Aims: To determine if a job exposure matrix (JEM) could be developed using the California Department of Pesticide Regulation Pesticide Usage Database in conjunction with crop, time, and county specific self reported work history and to determine if this was a feasible method to obtain exposure estimates to triazine herbicides.
Methods: Agricultural work histories were gathered from women enrolled in a population based case-control study of ovarian cancer cases and random controls. The work histories were used in conjunction with the database to construct job exposure matrices which took into account weightings for job type, work location, and crop.
Results: Cumulative exposure estimates were determined for 98 study subjects. Mean exposure estimates were similar for cases and controls. The exposure estimates were robust and insensitive to varying job weight assumptions. The estimates from the original weights were highly correlated with those constructed using the conservative and maximum weights. Estimates from all three schemes produced similar multivariate age adjusted odds ratios comparing cases and controls. There was a high degree of agreement in categorised quartiles of exposure between the original and conservative, and original and maximum weights.
Conclusions: The exposure estimate from the JEM provides a ranking of exposure within the study population that can be utilised as an "exposure score" with which to compare groups. Although it is not an absolute exposure measurement, it does offer a substantial advance over dichotomous categories based on self report of herbicide use, particularly when subjects are unlikely to recall specific names and dates of use of herbicides.
- CI, confidence interval
- DPR, Department of Pesticide Regulation
- EOC, epithelial ovarian cancer
- JEM, job exposure matrix
- OR, odds ratio
- pesticides
- herbicides
- exposure assessment
- agriculture
- job exposure matrix
Statistics from Altmetric.com
- CI, confidence interval
- DPR, Department of Pesticide Regulation
- EOC, epithelial ovarian cancer
- JEM, job exposure matrix
- OR, odds ratio
The triazine herbicides (atrazine, simazine, and cyanazine) are the most commonly used herbicides in the United States and are used extensively in corn, citrus, nuts, sugarcane, sorghum, and cotton cultivation to control broadleaf weeds.1 California is economically the leading agricultural state, and the Central Valley of California is the most intensely agricultural area in the United States.2 Unlike the Midwest where much of the agricultural cultivation is mechanised, much of the cultivation in the Central and Sacramento Valleys of California is labour intensive and manual in nature. Many of the farms are relatively small, consisting of less than 200 acres, and are family operated.2 An integral part of the agricultural industry in the Central Valley has been the use of pesticides, particularly triazine herbicides. Occupational exposure to triazines occurs mainly via dermal absorption and inhalation, particularly in workers engaged in mixing, loading, and application of herbicides. Hispanic women comprise a substantial proportion of the active agricultural labour force in the Central Valley, and most are commonly working in pruning, weeding, harvesting, and packing.3
Job exposure matrices (JEMs) have been commonly used in occupational epidemiology since the early 1980s, and a few studies have described the applicability of JEMs to agricultural work.4–7 JEMs are particularly valuable when a subject's recall for job activity or location exceeds his/her ability to recall information relevant to particular chemical exposures as is common in agricultural settings, particularly with workers who are not directly involved in preparation or application of the chemicals. California provides a unique environment in which to use JEMs as exposure assessment tools because the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) has compiled the United States' most comprehensive pesticide usage database.
The objective of this study was to determine whether using the California DPR Pesticide Usage Database in conjunction with crop, time, and county specific self reported work history to construct JEMs was a feasible method to obtain exposure estimates.
Study subject selection
The work histories used in the study were obtained from a population based case-control study of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) conducted in 22 counties of Central California that comprise the reporting area for two regional cancer registries. Cases were women identified via a rapid case ascertainment procedure as newly diagnosed with histologically confirmed EOC, living in the Central Valley during the period 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2001. The control group consisted of women 18 years or older, selected by random digit dialling techniques, who were residents of the area, who had not been diagnosed with EOC, and who had at least one intact ovary at the time of the interview. Controls were frequency matched to cases on age and race/ethnicity. The overall data collection spanned two years, with a telephone interview being conducted with each respondent only once during this time period. The Institutional Review Boards at the Public Health Institute and George Washington University approved the study protocol.
Main messages
A statewide comprehensive pesticide usage database was successfully used in combination with self reported agricultural work histories to construct robust job exposure matrices that provided cumulative exposure estimates.
Data collection
All cases and controls were approached via an introductory letter that included a prompt list describing topics the interview questions would address. For both case and control groups, letters and prompt lists were sent in either English or Spanish on the letterhead of the principal investigator. This prompt list was used to prepare study subjects before the actual interview and aid in recall of work history. Similar approaches had been used in previous studies, resulting in improved subject recall.8,9 In particular the prompt list asked women to think about all of the places they had worked in the past and if they had ever worked with one or more of the following crops which were selected based on historical usage patterns of triazine herbicides on these crops in the Central Valley: grapes, oranges/lemons, corn/maize, almonds/walnuts, avocado, alfalfa, olives, Christmas trees, and sorghum. The prompt list also instructed women to think about the dates in calendar year and locations by county that corresponded to any work history with one or more of the above crops. Telephone callback interviews with both case and control respondents were conducted by female professional trained telephone interviewers in either English or Spanish as preferred by the respondent.
The two primary sources for exposure data were the California DPR Pesticide Usage Database and self reported agricultural work history obtained from the telephone interview. The self reported history included location by county, crops, job titles, and years of employment. History was only reported for the previously mentioned crops.
The California DPR has a publicly available statewide comprehensive pesticide usage database. Since 1970 all agricultural applications of restricted use pesticides, including triazines, have been reported to the state. In order to create a more complete and detailed system of pesticide use data, full use reporting was implemented in 1990. These reports from 1970 onward include the pesticide applied, date and location of the application, and the crop and number of acres treated.10 California has a broad legal definition of agricultural use, with the major exception to reporting being private home and garden use.10
All pesticide information for 1974–89 was obtained from the Pesticide Databank, which is a database of historical pesticide use records collected by the California Department of Food and Agriculture and maintained at the University of California at Davis. At the time of the study, pesticide use reports from 1970–73 were not available in computerised format. Pesticide data for 1990–99 were obtained from the University of California at Davis Statewide Integrated Pest Management Project online summaries database (www.ipm.ucdavis.edu). The following variables were requested from both data sources: county, crop, year, pesticide, number of acres treated, and pounds of active ingredient applied.
Policy implications
Exposure assessment methodologies using comprehensive pesticide usage databases and agricultural work histories offer a substantial advance over dichotomous categories based on self report of herbicide use, particularly when subjects are unlikely to recall specific names and dates of use of herbicides.
This methodology shows particular promise for use in short term time periods where more detailed work histories could be collected.
Construction of job exposure matrix
For each participant a job exposure matrix (JEM) was created and utilised to determine quartiles of exposure levels (none, low, medium, and high) and a continuous measure of exposure to the triazines individually (atrazine, cyanazine, and simazine) and as a class. London and Myers11 constructed a JEM based on work histories including days of exposure, job type, and crop history of fruit farm workers in South Africa. Using secondary data on crop specific annual agrochemical use combined with work history, they developed exposure estimates by weighting days of exposure by job and crop type. Based on the above model, a JEM was created using subject work histories and the California DPR pesticide usage database that incorporated a weighting for specific job activity, type of crop, and additionally county of work. Job type determines the amount of contact a person will have with the herbicide. Because triazines are applied to the soil as primarily pre-emergent treatments, some workers may have little to no direct exposure. London and Myers11 noted that the exposure estimates constructed from their JEM were highly dependent on job weighting with exposure rankings. Because of concern that the JEM estimates may be dependent on the weights assigned to job tasks, two job weighting schemes were used, one which would provide a higher estimate of exposure (referred to as the original weightings) and one which weighted non-pesticide handling or planting jobs more conservatively (referred to as the conservative weightings). Table 1 displays the job type categories and weightings that were used. These job classifications were chosen based on EPA worker risk assessment and an exposure monitoring study of agricultural workers in California.12,13 Jobs that did not fit into the classifications utilised in the above references were grouped with tasks that were similar or would provide similar exposure to crops. Weightings were developed based on a system used by London and Myers11 and Krieger and colleagues.13 Weights were expressed as proportions on a scale based on a typical high exposure activity such as pesticide mixing which would a relative exposure of 1.00. Because many respondents indicated multiple jobs for each time period, each job was assigned a weight and then the average and maximum weights were calculated for each unique time period. Average and maximum job weights were used because of the above mentioned concern about sensitivity of the exposure estimates to job weighting. If a subject had missing or unknown job information, then a weight of 0.25 was assigned, which was the average job weight for all study participants.
Weightings for crop type and county were derived from the crop and county specific annual data obtained from the pesticide usage database. The weightings for crop type and county were expressed as pounds of active ingredient/acre treated for total triazines and separately for each one (atrazine, cyanazine, simazine). Each work history record with a date between 1974 and 1999 and a valid county location within California was matched with the appropriate crop, year, and county information from the pesticide usage database. The variable of pounds of active ingredient per acre treated was available for each specific crop, year, and county reported. If a job location was missing, unknown, or out of state, the exposure variable was set to missing. Any work that was reported between 1950 and 1974 was set to a missing exposure because pesticide usage data were not available for those years. Any work reported prior to 1950 was set to a zero exposure because triazines were not in use in California prior to 1950. Only exposure prior to the study period was considered so work records for 2000–01 were set to an exposure of zero. If multiple crops or locations were reported during the same year, then the total pounds of active ingredient per acre treated for all locations and crops was utilised. For each particular record, the job weight was multiplied by the pounds of active ingredient applied per acre treated specific to the county and crop type from a particular year. This produced a weighted pounds per acre treated exposure estimate that was summed over all of the years to yield a cumulative exposure estimate. Cumulative exposure was expressed as weighted total pounds of active ingredient of triazine herbicides per acre treated. This estimate was produced for each of the individual triazines as well as for all triazines combined. The calculations were repeated to obtain estimates using the conservative weights and using the maximum job weights. It is important to note that the result of the JEM was not a true estimate of an individual's exposure, but rather provided a method of ranking subjects relative to one another on a continuous scale. Table 2 shows a sample computation of cumulative exposure for a hypothetical study subject.
Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 8.2.14 Descriptive statistics such as the mean, 95% confidence limits, and frequency distributions were calculated as appropriate for each of the variables. To obtain the multivariate adjusted odds ratios for the ranked quartile exposure variables (none, low, medium, and high), logistic regression models were constructed that contained the following variables: family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer in a first or second degree relative, use of oral contraceptives, use of hormone replacement therapy, history of full term pregnancy, history of breast feeding, and race/ethnicity as categorical variables, and age as a continuous variable.15 These variables were chosen because of the presence of significant age adjusted results and/or published literature suggesting that these variables were important covariates or potential confounders.
In order to test the sensitivity of the results to job weightings, the logistic regression models for the ranked quartile exposure variables were repeated using the estimates from the conservative weighting scheme and maximum job weighting scheme. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the degree of correlation between the various continuous exposure estimates. Kappa statistics were used to determine the degree of agreement between the quartile rankings based on the three weighting schemes.
Interviews were completed with 256 cases and 1122 controls. An occupational exposure category was determined for 88.9% (n = 227) of the cases and 90.5% (n = 1015) of the controls. The remaining women had missing data which made it difficult to determine if they had ever worked with the specified crops. Of the completed interviews, 278 women (58 cases and 220 controls) reported working on the specified crops. A total of 184 women (39 cases and 145 controls) reported agricultural work histories of at least one job in California. Of those subjects for whom an exposure category was determined (n = 1242), 7.8% (20 cases and 78 controls) were categorised as exposed to triazines.
Table 3 presents the frequency of working on specific crops and job types, and table 4 displays the means and 95% confidence intervals for various work characteristics. On average women who had agricultural work histories reported working on 2.0 crops and working in 1.2 different job categories. The means were similar for cases and controls. The average duration of agricultural work was 9.5 years, with controls having slightly but not significantly longer time spent in agricultural work. The average duration of work from 1974 to 1999 was 8.9 years, with controls again having slightly longer duration of work in the study period.
Table 5 displays the lifetime average job weighted pounds per acre treated estimates for those women who had reported job histories that had a non-zero estimate of exposure. There were no significant differences between cases and controls on cumulative occupational exposure estimates, although mean exposure was higher among cases than controls for all comparisons except for atrazine.
Estimates from the conservative and maximum job weighting schemes were highly correlated with the estimates derived from the original weightings. There was a correlation of 0.84 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.89) between the conservative weighted total triazine exposure estimates and the original estimates, and a correlation of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.97) between the maximum weighted total triazine exposure estimates and the original estimates, with correlations for the individual triazines ranging from a high of 0.97 for simazine to a low of 0.67 for cyanazine. Correlations were similar for cases and controls.
Table 6 presents the multivariate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals linking EOC and triazine exposure based on the three weighting schemes. The exposure quartiles for the original and maximum job weighting schemes were defined as none (0 pounds of active ingredient/acre treated), low (0.001–1.0 pounds of active ingredient/acre treated), medium (1.001–4.0 pounds of active ingredient/acre treated), and high (>4.0 pounds of active ingredient/acre treated). For the conservative job weighting scheme the exposure quartiles were defined as none (0 pounds of active ingredient/acre treated), low (0.001–0.30 pounds of active ingredient/acre treated), medium (0.301–1.50 pounds of active ingredient/acre treated), and high (>1.50 pounds of active ingredient/acre treated). Although there was some variation in odds ratio between the weighting schemes, it was relatively small (10–20%) for most categories. A test for linear trend revealed no significant trend of increasing EOC risk with increasing triazine exposure for any of the weighting schemes. The multivariate adjusted odds ratios when exposure was expressed as a continuous variable were virtually identical for the three weighting schemes.
Both alternative schemes showed a high degree of agreement with the original weighting scheme. The conservative scheme had a lower degree of agreement with the original scheme (κ = 0.79; 95% CI 0.74 to 0.84) than the maximum scheme (κ = 0.97; 95% CI 0.93 to 0.99).
The telephone questionnaire also contained a section asking women about use of specific trade names of triazine herbicides. Of the 12 women who could report exposure to a specific trade name, 33% (n = 4) were characterised as exposed by the JEM, 50% (n = 6) had no exposure by JEM but did report work on one of the crops outside of the study period, and 17% (n = 2) did not report adequate work history to develop a JEM estimate.
Non-differential exposure misclassification is one of the largest concerns in occupational case-control studies and is likely to lead to an underestimate of the true odds ratio. Because we were unable to directly measure personal exposure to triazine herbicides, a surrogate measurement of cumulative exposure was constructed from a JEM. There are many factors that influence how the amounts of herbicide used in any given location relate to the levels in the air and soil including half life, adherence to soil, method of application, and weather conditions.16–18 Although the JEM estimate may be a reasonable proxy for exposure, many factors influence uptake of the herbicide so it is important to realise that the JEM is essentially a method to rank subjects relative to one another on a continuous scale rather than the traditional categorical scales.
Two major strengths of the study were the use of the prompt list to aid recall of work histories and the comprehensiveness of the California DPR database. Direct questioning of workers about exposure to specific chemicals usually does not yield accurate data because they do not normally apply the pesticides themselves and often are not aware of the specific pesticides applied by others to the fields in which they are working. Nanni and colleagues4 found that agricultural workers questioned about agricultural work history remembered all crops, but only 15% could remember use of specific chemicals. This was similar to the situation posed by our study, with less than 1% of women actually able to name specific chemicals used. Use of the JEM allowed the exposure to be determined in an objective manner since it did not rely on personal recall of pesticides but used a statewide computerised database and information about work history. The JEM used relative rankings to account for differing exposure by job type and also accounted for changes in herbicide usage over time. The exposure estimates for the JEM also have a distinct advantage over self reported exposure information in that they are unlikely to be influenced by differential recall. In addition, Brouwer and colleagues7 report that when reliability of job history detail is good, estimates from the JEM have good validity.
There are several concerns when using these types of JEMs. The first is the sensitivity of the JEM estimates to the job weightings. Based on the high correlation, similar odds ratios, and good agreement of the three weighting schemes, the method used in this study appears to be fairly robust to changes in job weighting. In fact using similar methodology, London and Myers11 showed that a JEM can generate exposure estimates with good repeatability and range to detect dose-response relations, although validation of the job weightings by an industrial hygienist is advisable for future studies. A second concern is that crop weights from the pesticide usage database were average pounds per acre treated, which assumes a homogeneous pattern of use. The work history data were also limited in that women only reported county location and year rather than more specific location and time periods. More detailed work histories would be preferable so that factors such as protective equipment and number of hours per day worked in addition to more specific locations and dates could be considered.
Although the JEM estimate may be a reasonable proxy for exposure, many factors influence uptake and dose including metabolism, distribution to tissues, use of personal protective equipment, and work practices such as hand washing. Lack of data about use of personal protective equipment is a serious concern since the true dose that a subject received may be overestimated by the JEM when use of gloves and long sleeved clothing is not taken into account considering that the primary route of exposure is dermal. Krieger and colleagues13 report 1.5–3 times decreased transfer of pesticides among workers using gloves versus those wearing only standard clothing (long pants, long sleeved shirts, and shoes). Stewart and colleagues19 note that use of gloves may provide a 30% reduction in exposure over standard clothing coverage. A California Department of Health Services Study among San Luis Obispo County Farmworkers20 noted that 90% of workers report wearing gloves, although anecdotal reports indicate that in practice the proportion may be much lower; therefore, it is difficult to estimate the effect that failure to consider these data may have had on the exposure estimates. Furthermore, lack of data on duration variables such as hours worked per week and days worked per year are another gap in the data. More precise estimates of work duration would certainly improve the exposure estimates and add valuable information about intensity of exposure. It is noted that assuming a consistent work pattern over the course of a year could lead to inaccuracies in exposure information due to varying exposure intensities.
Another major concern is the presence of errors in the pesticide usage database. Acres treated are sometimes reported as the entire field even when only part of the field is treated leading to underestimates in rate of use. Some ambiguity with respect to crop also occurs because some crops may be reported more specifically or generally (that is, nuts versus almonds). This could lead to some underestimates of exposure since construction of the JEM for this study was based on specific crop name. Growers will sometimes report the total amount of pesticide used plus diluent use instead of the amount of active ingredient only, resulting in overestimates of the amount of active ingredient used. Despite these potential problems, DPR estimates that the error rate for the use reports is relatively low at 0.5–1% per year.10 Error rates are presumed to be slightly higher for data collected prior to 1990 when error checking of the reports was not as thorough.
Rull and Ritz used the DPR and land use survey data to assess the misclassification potential in studies linking proximity to a pesticide application and health effects.21 The simulation found that disease odds ratios were severely attenuated when exposure status was assessed based on larger rather than smaller geographic areas. It was also noted that, in the absence of specific application sites and information on use of solvents and adjuvants in addition to other environmental factors, substantial non-differential exposure misclassification may occur, leading to attenuation of true effect estimates. Overall pesticide exposure was relatively low in this study due to the fact that a large proportion of those who were exposed were engaged in jobs other than handling, mixing, or planting. Most of the workers, therefore, had relatively low direct exposure to triazines. In addition, only 8% of cases (n = 20) and 7% of controls (n = 78) were actually categorised as exposed to triazines. Lack of a consistent trend in dose-response patterns may be reflective of small sample sizes in each of the exposure quartiles.
In spite of the above limitations, the evidence from this study and others21,7 suggests that the JEM estimates are relatively insensitive to minor changes in the variables composing the JEM. Other attempts at creation of an exposure scale have been published. Bell and colleagues22,23 used the DPR database in studies of fetal death and congenital anomalies to determine exposure to pesticides within an area as small as one square mile. Similarly, Gunier and colleagues24 and Reynolds and colleagues25 developed geographical information methods to summarise agricultural pesticide use by census block group in studies of childhood cancer. Although these methodologies are extremely promising and useful for short term outcomes, they may be more difficult to employ for longer term outcomes such as adult cancers because of the difficulty of accurately recalling detailed location information. Dosemeci and colleagues26 developed a detailed quantitative method to estimate long term chemical specific exposures, but this method was applied to pesticide applicators who were members of a prospective cohort and were able to specify pesticide names and extremely detailed information on use and handling histories. Stewart and colleagues19 proposed using a formula with application rates, half life, job type, job duration, and protection factor to create a relative exposure score. This formula is similar to the exposure estimate developed by the JEM in this study in that application rates, job type, and rough estimates of job duration are taken into account. As previously noted, the JEM could be improved by the incorporation of detailed data on personal protection and job duration. Stewart and colleagues19 compared the relative exposure estimates generated from that formula to actual measurements in three studies and found the correlation between actual measurements and relative exposure estimates was fairly high (r = 0.77). This suggests that since the JEM in this study uses a similar formula, the exposure estimates from this study may correlate well with actual measurements. Future studies should be conducted to determine how well the JEM estimates correlate with direct exposure measurements from workers.
The exposure estimate from the JEM provides a ranking within the study population that can be used as an "exposure score" with which to compare groups on a continuous scale. It is important to note that although it is not an absolute exposure measurement, it does offer a substantial advance over dichotomous categories based on self report of herbicide use, particularly when subjects are unlikely to recall specific names and dates of use of herbicides. As is the case in many agricultural studies, women were unable to report exposure to specific herbicides by name so that this methodology provided a way to determine potential exposure based on available data of work history and historical pesticide usage data. In cases of long latency periods and exposure over an extended time, methods similar to this may be the only way to generate exposure estimates. Although useful for assessing exposure over longer periods of time, this JEM methodology shows particular promise for use in short term time periods where more detailed work histories including more specific location, duration, and personal protection information could be collected and with work history data collected after 1990 when California pesticide usage data have very specific location records.
The study was funded by a grant from the California Cancer Research Program (grant no. 98-16022). The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the physicians and tumour registrars who assisted in the study. Also we appreciate the efforts of Jeanne Grunwald and Nandini Krishnaswamy of the Field Research Corporation in the data collection phase. We would also like to thank the Consortium of Universities Cosmos Club Foundation for providing funding through the dissertation research grant programme.
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Every leather and fabric chosen for the S.W. James collection has been hand-picked by the team. Selecting the perfect leather and fabric ranges to represent S.W. James has been a true labour of love. We have spent countless hours perfecting our choices.
Leathers & Fabrics
hand picked leather
When it came to selecting the leathers to be included in the S.W. James range, we opted for only the finest grade leather, sourced from Italian tanneries. Our natural cow hide leathers offer a beautifully soft feel. During the production process oils and waxes are applied, allowing our leathers to achieve a vintage character with age. An S.W. James is a cut above the rest and only gets better with time.See More
Leathers & Fabrics
hand picked wool
At S.W. James we truly love wool. Our range is provided by one of the last remaining woollen mills in Britain. We chose wool to cover our Chesterfields because we truly believe in providing people, families & homes with what they "need" in a piece of furniture as well as what the "want". This meld of form follows function lends itself perfectly to wool. Beautiful and comfortable, yet naturally resistant to stain, eco friendly and warm.Learn more
Colours & Upholstery
experience our leathers and fabrics for yourself
To truly understand why our S.W. James leathers and fabrics are so beautiful you need to experience them.
You need to touch them, smell the rich fragrance of the Italian leather. You also need to see the intense colour of the leather for yourself, to get a true feel for how it will look and how it will fit into your room.
If you are considering an S.W James, we urge you to request a selection of free swatchs of your desired covering. You can choose to request 5 free fabric or leather swatches. Alternatively, you can purchase larger samples (refundable on return). To do this, simply request some free swatches by clicking the button below.free swatches
The only way you can get an accurate representation of how beautiful our leathers and fabrics are, is to touch them.


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Insane Boat Crash Video From Inside Boat
On Friday, August 31st, boaters were out on the Lake of the Ozarks in Missouri for a little Labor Day weekend fun, when they hit a wave created by another passing boat.
As you can see, they hit that wave at precisely the wrong angle, cause their boat (and its occupants) to get tossed around and fly all over the boat's cabin.
Despite the violence of this crash, everyone inside the boat was relatively unharmed. Five of the passengers were taken to a local hospital and treated for minor to moderate injuries.


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WASHINGTON -- The House of Representatives has voted 235-193 to pass Rep. Paul Ryan's fiscal 2012 budget proposal that calls for drastic spending cuts and sweeping changes in Medicare and Medicaid.
The bill would cut $6.2 trillion in spending over 10 years, and reduce the deficit by $4.4 trillion more than President Obama's budget proposal, which would cut $4 trillion in the next 12 years.
Ryan's plan would change the tax-paid entitlement approach to Medicare to one in which the government would provide seniors and the disabled with an annual stipend that would be used to buy private insurance plans of their choice. The stipend would increase over time based on the rate of inflation.
The plan would also eliminate the federal/state match system in Medicaid and would replace it with a block grant program and cap Medicaid spending in each state.
Democrats strongly oppose Ryan's plans for Medicare and Medicaid, claiming seniors would wind up paying as much as $6,000 more each year for Medicare benefits, and many poor people would be without adequate coverage.
No Democrats voted in favor of the bill, and four Republicans voted against it.
The bill has no chance of passing in the Democratic-controlled Senate, so the measure serves largely as a political statement on the GOP's commitment to cutting government spending.


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I was just wondering if anybody here as read this manga and what your thoughts are on it.... I haven't read it but I hope the anime is released for it considering its not too old.
Heres some info on it from anime news network
Plot Summary: Takiko is a girl who is sad, lonely, and unpopular at school. Her mother is sick and dying, the man she loves is married to someone else, and her father spends months away from home. However, on the day her mother dies, and her father brings home an odd book called "The Universe of the Four Gods", Takiko is pulled into the book and discovers herself to be the Genbu no Miko in a time when she is not welcome ....
Here's a pic of Takiko and the Genbu 7


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Learning vs. Progress
Is it more important to learn things or to have progress? And especially, is it more important to have progress in an open source project or is it more important that people learn new things?
I got a pull request for my open source project imag which wasn't well-formatted. As we are all nice people in the rust community (not only because, but also because we have this code of conduct which basically says you should be nice to all people) I asked the contributor to clean up the history by rewriting it.
Basically, I had two issues with the PR:
- The blank lines at the end of the files were removed. Some editors do this by default, but I don't like it as it makes diffs which add content at the end of a file rather complex (visually). If you have the blank at the end of the file, the diff is just one block which adds content, normally.
- I asked to rewrite the commit messages but after this was done, only one big commit was left. This is not preferred style in my project, I'd like to have more small commits than big monolithic ones.
So I asked kindly whether the contributor cared to fix up the issues. He did! Awesome! But he also told me that he was new to git and didn't knew how to do it. So I told him the steps which needed to be done, of course. He got stuck at some point (yes, git can be challanging, I know that) and asked for more help while apologizing for the slow progress.
And that made me start thinking about whether it is more important to have progress or that people learn new things. The issue which was adressed by the pull request described above is a rather simple one. It is literally a no-brainer. For me. But maybe not for others. Maybe also for others, but the review process isn't and the "Please rewrite the history like this" request was the challange. Either way, there was a point where the contributor had to learn something new which caused the pull request to slow down.
Is it worth it?
I honestly think yes. Learning new things is way more important than getting progress in this kind of project. I myself had to learn a whole bunch of things before this project was on the way it is right now. I had to learn that in Rust, you have to add more types to cover complexity and the more types you have, the better is your setup and the more extensible it gets. Of course this is not always the case, but I would say mostely.
I had to learn a lot of things. I had to learn to fail and to retry, which are two really important things. I failed so hard, I had to restart my whole project (which had no contributors by then, so no problem).
At the time of writing, the pull request is open for 8 days. It touches about 100 lines of code by adding missing calls. It could be done by myself within 3 minutes. But in my opinion, it is way more important that we all learn something and have fun. I offered to do it myself to the contributor, but clearly stated that if he wants to learn new things, he is free of taking his time and trying out how to fix the pull request. I really hope he learns something and starts contributing more often because of this.


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Photo Flash: First Look at Maryland Ensemble Theatre's WHO'S AFRAID OF VIRGINIA WOOLF?
Maryland Ensemble Theatre (MET) is proud to present Edward Albee's Tony Award winning masterpiece, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? The hilariously dark martial war of words will run every Thursday through Sunday at Maryland Ensemble Theatre now through March 9. Scroll down for a first look at the production!
On the campus of a small New England university the once loving but now embittered and battle-scarred middle-aged couple, George and Martha, entertain a new young professor and his wife following a late night faculty party. Over the course of the evening the unwitting guests are drawn into a three act tour de force of humiliation, frustration and manipulation that will leave everyone's cards face-up on the table and a marriage in tatters. Marital strife has never been so wickedly fun as the sharp tongued dysfunctional couple discover inventive ways to get under the other's skin, building to a climax that still leaves audience aghast.
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? premiered on Broadway in late 1962 and went on to win both the Tony Award and the New York Drama Critics' Circle award for Best Play. Hailed at the time as "a brilliant original work of art" (Newsweek), the numerous award winning revivals over the past half century have proven that the play still packs the same punch it delivered in its debut. The play's author, Edward Albee, has received threePulitzer Prizes for drama and was selected by the award's drama jury for Virginia Woolf? but was overruled by the advisory committee which elected not to give a drama award at all that year because of the play's then controversial use of profanity and sexual themes. Albee is also well known for his other works including The Zoo Story, The American Dream and The Goat, or Who is Sylvia but Virginia Woolf? would likely be his most well known work in some part due to Mike Nichols 1966 film adaptation featuring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton.
Maryland Ensemble Theatre's production of Virginia Woolf? will feature MET's Founding Producing Director, Tad Janes, in the role of George and MET Associate Artistic Director, Julie Herber, as Martha. "It's definitely on my 'bucket list' of roles that I'd love to do, so I'm thrilled to get the chance to have a crack at Martha," said Herber. "And, I'm excited to share the stage with Tad! We have had some fun with other 'power' couples in the past such as Macbeth and Lady M, so it's really nice to go for another ride." MET Company Members Joe Jalette and Courtney McLaughlin will portray the young unsuspecting married couple, Nick and Honey.
The show's director Peter Wray, is an associate artist at MET where he has directedThe Glass Menagerie, American Buffalo, Dead Man's Cell Phone, Almost Maine, and Macbeth among others. Regionally, he has worked at Everyman Theatre, Rep Stage, The Bay Theatre Company, Generous Company, WordBRIDGE Playwrights Laboratory and Maryland Institute College of Art. Peter is an associate professor of theatre at Towson University. "I'm grateful to the MET for giving me the chance to direct Albee's, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?. I have been eager to bring this incisively funny and deeply riveting American play to life with a dynamic cast of ensemble members for years," said Wray.
Wray will be ably assisted by a design team including, Jennifer Adams (costumes),Allison Duvall (set), Paul Shillinger (lights), James McGarvey (properties) and Steve Younkins (sound). Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? will run from February 14 through March 9 at MET, located in the historic FSK Hotel at 31 W Patrick Street. Thursday, February 13 there will be preview performances at 8pm and tickets to that show are $5 (cash only at door/no reservations). The opening weekend will also include a social with the cast following Saturdays' performance and the first Sunday performance will be preceded by a reception hosted by MET Board Members Rona Mensah and Joann Lee and sponsored by JoJo's Restaurant & Tap House.
Tickets to Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? are $16.50 (Thursdays) through $25.50 and can be purchased at 301.694.4744, marylandensemble.org or in person at the Maryland Ensemble Theatre box office.
Photo Credit: Joe Williams
Julie Herber (Martha)
Joe Jalette (Nick), Julie Herber (Martha), Tad Janes (George), and Courtney McLaughlin (Honey)
Joe Jalette (Nick), Tad Janes (George), and Courtney McLaughlin (Honey)
Joe Jalette (Nick), Courtney McLaughlin (Honey), Julie Herber (Martha) and Tad Janes (George)


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WORK to divert electricity lines to make way for HS2 in the Chilterns would last for a year and cost up to £27million, an MP said this week.
Chesham and Amersham MP Cheryl Gillan met with representatives from the National Grid to discuss the impact of work in her constituency.
She was told an overhead power line would need to be diverted to make way for one of the 'green tunnels' that would carry the planned high speed rail line from London to Birmingham.
Mrs Gillan said: "The estimated costs of the work locally would be around £27 million and National Grid estimate the time taken to do the work between Great Missenden and Aylesbury will be around a year."
The money will come from the budget that has already been set aside for HS2, which currently stands at close to £50billion.
Mrs Gillan added: "On behalf of my constituents, I would like to thank National Grid for taking the time and trouble to set out all the information. I know that my constituents have many concerns and I appreciate that National Grid was prepared to have a dialogue and to be open about the scale of the works which they will have to carry out, associated with HS2."
Meanwhile residents have been urged to submit their responses to the HS2 project's environmental consultation before Thursday's deadline by an Amersham-based campaign group.
The HS2 Action Alliance has created a web tool that will enable people who live near the route of the planned line to submit a response in less than a minute.
Richard Houghton of the Alliance said: "This is the last opportunity for people to have their say on the environmental impacts of HS2 before Parliament starts to consider the project after Easter.
"There is potentially nine years of construction, including road closures and diversions, and thousands of movements of equipment, trucks and excavators as they move 128 million tonnes of spoil - enough to fill 862 Albert Halls - on the way to destroying ancient woodland and important habitats for a vast array of wildlife.
"We are working with leading independent experts in the fields of carbon, waste, noise, landscape and biodiversity to present a comprehensive independent assessment of the environmental impact of HS2. We think this is vital but we know there are many thousands of individual citizens who share our concerns and so we urge them to make their own views known by responding to the Government's consultation before the February 27 deadline."
The web tool can be accessed at www.hs2aa.org/es-2014.


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When the Bulls traded Taj Gibson and Doug McDermott to the Oklahoma City Thunder for second-year point guard Cameron Payne at the Feb. 23 trade deadline, they had their eyes on him as a starting-caliber point guard for the future. Thus far, he hasn't performed near that level, and coming off a foot injury that's sidelined him the last three games, he'll spend some time in the D-League.
The Bulls announced on Monday afternoon that Payne will be assigned to the Windy City Bulls, and head coach Fred Hoiberg said after practice that he will play with the team in their two games this week in Hoffman Estates: Tuesday against the Westchester Knicks and Thursday against the Iowa Energy.
"He's going to practice with Windy City this afternoon and then he'll play in tomorrow's game," Hoiberg said. "And then the plan is to see how things go with the game, practice with Windy City again on Wednesday and then play in the game on Thursday as well."
Payne has sat out the last three games with general soreness in his right foot — the same foot he's fractured twice, had surgery on, and that caused him to miss the first 36 games of this season with the Thunder.
The D-League assignment is partially a rehab assignment to make sure his foot is recovered, but it's also indicative of his struggles since the trade. In nine games since being traded to the Bulls, Payne has shot just 33.9 percent from the field and had nearly as many turnovers (13) as assists (15) — not great signs for a player the Bulls' organization has touted as a future starter since the trade.
The Bulls have sent various youngsters to the D-League at points this season, including Jerian Grant, Paul Zipser, Bobby Portis and Denzel Valentine. This is their first season with their own D-League affiliate.
With Payne out, Michael Carter-Williams will continue to receive the majority of the backup point guard minutes behind Rajon Rondo — at least for now. If there's one constant with the Bulls this season, it's that nothing is permanent when it comes to the rotation.
"I've been in and out a lot," Carter-Williams said after practice. "We've had a lot of different lineups. But right now, I don't think anybody's worried about it. It's all focused on winning basketball. Coaches have been great, guys have been great who aren't playing. We all support each other. And we're just going out and looking to win."
Later Monday afternoon, the Bulls will fly to Toronto to face the Raptors, whom they've beaten 11 straight times, a phenomenon that still defies explanation. As of Monday, Chicago is in 10th place in the Eastern Conference, but only a game behind the Detroit Pistons for the final spot in the playoffs.
Hoiberg was honest Monday when asked if the tight playoff race is any fun.
"No," he said.
The Bulls play four times this week as they attempt to stay in that race. After the game in Toronto, they face the Detroit Pistons at home Wednesday, the Philadelphia 76ers at home Friday and then travel to Milwaukee to play the Bucks Sunday. Hoiberg has stressed the importance of staying in the moment.
"It's one at a time," Hoiberg said. "That has to be our mentality, starting with Toronto. They were great last night against the Pacers and had control pretty much the entire game. We have to be locked in tomorrow and hopefully play well and give ourselves a chance to win. Then we'll worry about Detroit once the game ends tomorrow."


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Sunday, November 18 2018
5:30pm - 8:30pm
Sidestreet Duo
18th & 21st is a 20's style Modern Prohibition Supper Club. We provide a comfortable dining atomosphere, with Art Deco Interior Design, and a menu prepared by Chef Brian Thornton. Make reservations in 18th & 21st. Call 667-786-7111 or Cured1821.com.
18TH & 21ST (Cured) 10980 Grantchester Way, Columbia, MD 21044 667-786-7111
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