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Top 5 Countries With The Most Miss Universe Winners From 1952-2018
#4 is slowly catching up!
After it has been noted that Catriona Gray is the fourth candidate from the Philippines who won the Miss Universe title, many became curious as to which country has the most winners. Most of us have been watching the annual international beauty pageant, but we weren't really keeping tabs on the winners' countries.
But since many are still having the Miss Universe fever, we believe that we should savor this moment. Here are the top 5 countries that have the most Miss Universe winners from 1952-2018.
1. United States – 8
1954 – Miriam Stevenson
1956 – Carol Morris
1960 – Linda Bement
1967 – Sylvia Hitchcock
1980 – Shawn Weatherly
1995 – Chelsi Smith
1997 – Brook Lee
2012 – Olivia Culpo
2. Venezuela – 7
1979 – Maritza Sayalero
1981 – Irene Sáez
1986 – Bárbara Palacios
1996 – Alicia Machado
2008 – Dayana Mendoza
2009 – Stefanía Fernández
2013 – Gabriela Isler
3. Puerto Rico – 5
1970 – Marisol Malaret
1985 – Deborah Carthy-Deu
1993 – Dayanara Torres
2001 – Denise Quiñones
2006 – Zuleyka Rivera
4. Philippines – 4
1969 – Gloria Diaz
1973 – Margarita Moran
2015 – Pia Wurtzbach
2018 – Catriona Gray
5. Sweden – 3
1955 – Hillevi Rombin
1966 – Margareta Arvidsson
1984 – Yvonne Ryding
Miss Universe 2018 just recently concluded and Catriona Gray from the Philippines was hailed as the 67th Miss Universe on December 17, 2018, held at IMPACT Arena, Muang Thong Thani in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand.
Catriona bested Tamaryn Green of South Africa (first runner-up) and Sthefany Gutiérrez of Venezuela (second runner-up).
During the top three question and answer portion, host Steve Harvey asked the three girls the same question: "What is the most important lesson you've learned and how will you apply it to your time as Miss Universe?"
Catriona answered:
"I work a lot in the slums of Tondo, Manila and the life there is poor and very sad. And I've always taught myself to look for the beauty in it and to look in the beauty of the faces of the children and to be grateful.
And I would bring this aspect as a Miss Universe to see situations with a silver lining and to assess where I could give something, where I could provide something as a spokesperson. And this I think if I could teach also people to be grateful, we can have an amazing world where negativity could not grow, and foster and children will have a smile on their faces."
Aussie Media Claims Miss Universe 2018 Winner Catriona Gray Wore The Wrong Sash
They wanted her to wear a different sash.
Catriona Gray has made a lot of Filipinos proud and happy after winning Miss Universe 2018 and bringing back the crown to the country. However, it's not just Filipinos who were taking pride in the 24-year-old's win.
In fact, Catriona Gray has been in the front pages of Australian media outlets after nabbing the Miss Universe crown on December 17, 2018, that was held at IMPACT Arena, Muang Thong Thani in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. Why is this, you ask? The newly-crowned Miss Universe grew up in Australia, and they believe that they deserve the recognition.
Miss Universe 2018 Catriona Gray's Adorable Little Miss Philippines 1999 Photo Surfaces
Even Catriona herself hasn't seen these photos!
Filipino fans first laid their eyes on Miss Universe 2018 Catriona Gray when she joined Miss World Philippines in 2016. People from all around the world then started to recognize her when she placed in the Top 5 in the oldest running international beauty pageant.
Now, Catriona gained even more attention after winning Miss Universe 2018 on December 17, 2018, held at IMPACT Arena, Muang Thong Thani in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. But some may not know this, Miss World Philippines was not her very first beauty pageant experience.
Public Votes 'Twilight' As Worst Movie EVER
Uh, congratulations?
Ever encountered the phrase "still a better love story than Twilight" on social media? We're guessing you probably have!
The expression gets casually slapped on anything, from posts about cartoon couples to even photos of paired objects - such as a toothbrush and a toothpaste. Needless to say, it's a clear evidence of just how much people collectively dislike the movie.
As if that was not enough, fans went out of their way to vote Twilight as the Worst Movie Ever.
Aussie Man Felt Tickling in Ears and Found Huntsman Spider Inside His Earmuffs
Circus Worker Mauled to Death by Bear After He Forgot to Remove His Face Mask
Florida Mom Earns $20,000 Selling Her Breast Milk Online
Chris Watts Is Receiving Many Love Letters From Women After The Release of Netflix' American Murder
Filipina Actress and Husband Surprise Their Housekeeper With A 2-Storey-Home
Chris Watts Is Receiving Many Love Letters From Women After The Release of Netflix' American Murder
From Poverty To Harvard: Man Shares His Inspiring Story Through A Viral Tweet
Florida Mom Earns $20,000 Selling Her Breast Milk Online
OMG4 days ago
Philippines' New Largest Crocodile Alive in Captivity, Found in Tawi-Tawi
Entertainment1 day ago
Filipina Actress and Husband Surprise Their Housekeeper With A 2-Storey-Home
OMG6 days ago
German Shepherd Digs Himself Out of Grave After Being Buried Alive By Owners
OMG6 days ago
Girl On Twitter Shows Off Her Collection of Dead Mosquitoes


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Sports infrastructure
Modern facilities for athletics, tennis, swimming, indoor sports and more.
On the Nottwil campus you can take advantage of the wide range of services offered by the Swiss Paraplegic Centre during your stay.
The Swiss Paraplegic Centre in Nottwil has a lot to offer athletes of all ages – whether in a wheelchair or not.
- Lawn/soccer field
- 400 m synthetic track (8 lanes)
- 2 tennis courts with rebound surface
- Gymnasium (1300 m2)
- Indoor swimming pool (25 m pool)
Are you interested in using our sports infrastructure? We would be happy to advise you!

subset: commoncrawl


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Using RNAi to suppress gene expression, the researchers discovered that when nhr-49 was absent, the lifespan of the nematode was reduced by more than 50%, and the animal displayed numerous gross abnormalities in the gut and gonad. This was accompanied by unusually high fat content in the larvae. They further showed that deletion of nhr-49 changed expression of 13 genes related to fat and glucose metabolism, with the most dramatic effects occurring within two metabolic pathways: mitochondrial lipid oxidation and fatty acid desaturation.
Following up on these changes in gene expression, Yamamoto and colleagues show that in its normal actions, nhr-49 sets in motion two opposing pathways: it increases expression of a gene acs-2, which leads to reduction of fat content, and it increases expression of another gene fat-7, which, by reducing acs-2, increases fat content. In its function, nhr-49 resembles a mammalian NHR, called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Further investigation of this link may lead to better understanding of the functions of PPARs and provide opportunities for altering their function for treatment of fat metabolism disorders such as diabetes and obesity.
Citation: Van Gilst MR, Hadjivassiliou H, Jolly A, Yamamoto K (2005) Nuclear hormone receptor nhr-49 controls fat consumption and fatty acid composition in C. elegans. PLoS Biol 3(2): e53.


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Layout work for BMW's "Sustainability on the way" campaign.
BMW is known for high quality cars that are fun to drive. A more unknown aspect of BMW is the advanced sustainability thinking, an increasingly interesting aspect when choosing car. This campaign tell about factories driven by wind and water, radically reduced CO2-emissions, the use of recycled and renewable materials, and sheep grazing outside production plants, just to mention a few of the interesting facts that makes BMW the most sustainable car manufacturer in Dow Jones Sustainability Index – for the ninth year out of the last ten years.


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"The theory is that if you have a big heart attack, your doctor can just inject these three genes into the scar tissue during surgery and change it back into heart muscle."
A cocktail of three specific genes can reprogram cells in the scars caused by heart attacks into functioning muscle cells, and the addition of a gene that stimulates the growth of blood vessels enhances that effect, said researchers from Weill Cornell Medical College, Baylor College of Medicine and Stony Brook University Medical Center in a report that appears online in the Journal of the American Heart Association.
"The idea of reprogramming scar tissue in the heart into functioning heart muscle was exciting," said Dr. Todd K. Rosengart, chair of the Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery at BCM and the report's corresponding author. "The theory is that if you have a big heart attack, your doctor can just inject these three genes into the scar tissue during surgery and change it back into heart muscle. However, in these animal studies, we found that even the effect is enhanced when combined with the VEGF gene."
"This experiment is a proof of principle," said Dr. Ronald G. Crystal, chairman and professor of genetic medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College and a pioneer in gene therapy, who played an important role in the research. "Now we need to go further to understand the activity of these genes and determine if they are effective in even larger hearts."
During a heart attack, blood supply is cut off to the heart, resulting in the death of heart muscle. The damage leaves behind a scar and a much weakened heart. Eventually, most people who have had serious heart attacks will develop heart failure.
Changing the scar into heart muscle would strengthen the heart. To accomplish this, during surgery, Rosengart and his colleagues transferred three forms of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene that enhances blood vessel growth or an inactive material (both attached to a gene vector) into the hearts of rats. Three weeks later, the rats received either Gata4, Mef 2c and Tbx5 (the cocktail of transcription factor genes called GMT) or an inactive material. (A transcription factor binds to specific DNA sequences and starts the process that translates the genetic information into a protein.)
The GMT genes alone reduced the amount of scar tissue by half compared to animals that did not receive the genes, and there were more heart muscle cells in the animals that were treated with GMT. The hearts of animals that received GMT alone also worked better as defined by ejection fraction than those who had not received genes. (Ejection fraction refers to the percentage of blood that is pumped out of a filled ventricle or pumping chamber of the heart.)
The hearts of the animals that had received both the GMT and the VEGF gene transfers had an ejection fraction four times greater than that of the animals that had received only the GMT transfer.
Rosengart emphasizes that more work needs to be completed to show that the effect of the VEGF is real, but it has real promise as part of a new treatment for heart attack that would minimize heart damage.
"We have shown both that GMT can effect change that enhances the activity of the heart and that the VEGF gene is effective in improving heart function even more," said Dr. Crystal.
via Weill Cornell Medical College
The Latest Streaming News: Gene therapy updated minute-by-minute
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Privacy Policy for MakemoneywaysAt Make Money Ways, accessible from http://www.makemoneyways.xyz/, one of our main priorities is the privacy of our visitors. This Privacy Policy document contains types of information that is collected and recorded by Make Money Ways and how we use it.
If you have additional questions or require more information about our Privacy Policy, do not hesitate to contact us through email at email@example.com
Log FilesMake Money Ways follows a standard procedure of using log files. These files log visitors when they visit websites. All hosting companies do this and a part of hosting services' analytics. The information collected by log files includes internet protocol (IP) addresses, browser type, Internet Service Provider (ISP), date and time stamp, referring/exit pages, and possibly the number of clicks. These are not linked to any information that is personally identifiable. The purpose of the information is for analyzing trends, administering the site, tracking users' movement on the website, and gathering demographic information.
Our Advertising PartnersSome of the advertisers on our site may use cookies and web beacons. Our advertising partners are listed below. Each of our advertising partners has their own Privacy Policy for their policies on user data. For easier access, we hyperlinked to their Privacy Policies below.
Privacy PoliciesYou may consult this list to find the Privacy Policy for each of the advertising partners of Make Money Ways.
Note that Make Money Ways has no access to or control over these cookies that are used by third-party advertisers.
Third Pary Privacy PoliciesMake Money Ways' Privacy Policy does not apply to other advertisers or websites. Thus, we are advising you to consult the respective Privacy Policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information. It may include their practices and instructions about how to opt-out of certain options. You may find a complete list of these Privacy Policies and their links here: Privacy Policy Links.
You can choose to disable cookies through your individual browser options. To know more detailed information about cookie management with specific web browsers, it can be found at the browsers' respective websites. What Are Cookies?
Children's InformationAnother part of our priority is adding protection for children while using the internet. We encourage parents and guardians to observe, participate in, and/or monitor and guide their online activity.
Make Money Ways does not knowingly collect any Personal Identifiable Information from children under the age of 13. If you think that your child provided this kind of information on our website, we strongly encourage you to contact us immediately and we will do our best efforts to promptly remove such information from our records.


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Photo Credit: Steve Austin
No matter what the season, we love to celebrate and hold events in Vernon. There's always something happening here. The calendar is updated on a regular basis so pick a season, pick an event, and enjoy!
For more events, visit the Vernon Morning Star's Community Calendar or the City of Vernon's Event Calendar.
Friday, February 21, 2020 11:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m.
Food Experience
They invite you to be a guest this winter season and experience the snowy mountains and cozy vineyards. At Sip Happens, they blend luxury with good times. They are the perfect addition to an inviting and fun-filled winter in the Okanagan.
The Winter Afternoon Sipster $139 Per Person + GST (11am-4:30pm approx.) or The Winter Evening Sipster $149 Per Person + GST (2:30pm-8:00pm approx.)Visit 5 wineries with time for a relaxing 1.5 hour vineyard lunch . Options include Gray Monk, 50th Parallel, O'Rourkes Peak Cellers, or Ex Nihilo
Winter Sip Tours Include: New luxury Mercedez-Benz vans., all tasting fees 20-25 tastings, restaurant reservations, door to door pick up & drop off service, pictures taken & shared at the end of the day, chilled bottled water, wine concierge service
What is Extra: Cost of lunch or dinner, wine shop purchases, gratuity for the driver


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This can be quite handy if you want to analyze your usage on the platform. We do plan to add a download icon to the table at some point in the future, but in the short-term, I would recommend using Firefox and downloading the add on called TableTools2. It works a treat!
To get it to work:
- Download the add-on
- Load Firefox
- Press ctrl+shift+a (to access the Add On library)
- Search for TableTools2. Install it and restart Firefox
- Go to the Usage Table (click on the caret dropdown in the top right hand corner of the screen and select "Show Usage").
- Right-click anywhere in the table
- Select TableTools2/Copy/Table as Tab-Delimited Text
- Load Excel
Press ctrl+v to paste!
That's it. It should now show in Excel perfectly aligned and formatted.


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Customer Service is a top priority for us at Drainage Consultants and we continually assess the ways we deal with customers to ensure that we're making dealing with us as easy as possible. Our dedicated team in the office keep our customers updated with progress of jobs and you will have access to an Engineer twenty four hours a day if required, rather than just reaching a call centre.
Real-time Trackers are fitted to all our vehicles, allowing us to see at any moment the exact location of our Engineers. This has enabled us to reduce call out times to customers by dispatching the vehicle closest to the destination and has meant a great step forward in improving and developing our already efficient working practices.
Our promise is a service that is clear from the quality


text: It's hard not to support Ryan Star, his heart's always in the right place. He wants to do well for the right reasons and he doesn't half-ass anything he does. A great example of that is an independent free EP that he just released- The America EP. The EP shares few similarities with his Atlantic debut 11:59 and it's a nice path that he can either run parallel to his label releases or completely switch things up and just go this route with this sound from here on out. The best part about the EP and the biggest compliment I can give it, is it doesn't sound like free music.


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WARREN, Mich. ― Mechanic Jay Buni knows all about the "damn roads" that his state's new Democratic governor, Gretchen Whitmer, has vowed to fix.
Buni is co-owner and operator of Express 1 Auto Repair, which sits near a pair of rutted streets that are among the five most dilapidated in southeast Michigan, according to a Detroit television viewer survey. His shop's specialty is engine work, but he ends up handling emergency wheel and suspension repairs whenever bad weather means drivers don't see the big potholes in time to swerve around them.
A customer's Ford Taurus once fell into a gulley so hard that the impact propelled a strut up through the fender and into the hood, Buni said. He'd never seen anything like it in nearly a decade of being a mechanic. "Her car was totaled," Buni remembered. "The roads here… they are the worst."
Buni wasn't exaggerating ― about the exploding strut story, which the shop's co-owner confirmed, or the sad state of Michigan roads, which a series of independent studies has documented. The latest came in January, when a company that produces high-definition maps for self-driving cars issued a report on 5 million miles of roads across the country. It ranked Michigan's dead last.
As a candidate last year, Whitmer tapped into frustration over those conditions, promising in every speech and media appearance to "fix the damn roads." It was more than a specific policy pledge. It was a signal about the kind of governor she would be: a savvy, pragmatic leader who would get things done.
Now Whitmer has her chance to make good on her promise, and she has put forward a plan to increase annual road funding by more than $2 billion. But less than a year after literally mocking suggestions that such an initiative would require a big tax hike, she is calling for precisely that ― specifically, a three-stage increase in the gas levy that would raise it by 45 cents a gallon.
Michigan would end up with the nation's highest fuel taxes and, so far, the public does not seem thrilled about the prospect. In a public poll from mid-April, 75 percent of Michiganders said they oppose the idea. Republican leaders in the state, who control the legislature, have been just as hostile.
"The proposal that she put forward is a nonstarter for our caucus," said Lee Chatfield, the Republican speaker of the state House. "The people in our district cannot afford it."
Whitmer's tax proposal is just the opening bid in what everybody understands will be a long negotiation. But money to fix the roads would have to come from somewhere and that can't happen unless some of the skeptics change their minds ― as Whitmer is urging them to do.
"This is not easy, but if it was, someone else would have done it already," the governor said at an appearance earlier this year. "I was not elected to tell people what they want to hear. I was elected to solve problems."
Michigan residents have a direct stake in how this debate ends and so does Whitmer, a rising political star who more than one pundit has said could run for national office someday. But even people outside of Michigan may want to pay attention, especially if they have a rooting interest in the Democratic Party's agenda.
Pretty much everything Democrats talk about doing nowadays, from simple, relatively uncontroversial increases in school funding to sweeping, polarizing plans for single-payer health insurance, would require raising new revenue. The essential argument on behalf of these ideas is the same as Whitmer's pitch on the roads: that the benefits people would see are worth the higher taxes they would pay.
There was a time in American history when this case wasn't so difficult to make, because voters had more faith in government and Republicans were more open to taxes. But that was long ago. The country now seems stuck in a self-destructive cycle ― one in which funding shortfalls make public goods and services inadequate, fueling yet more cynicism about government's ability to solve problems and making it harder to get the funding that these programs need.
It's a cycle that has plagued Democrats for decades, especially in states like Michigan that frequently hold the key in national elections. Can Whitmer break it?
A Legacy Of Neglect From Washington To Lansing
Nobody disputes that Michigan has skimped on road repair spending. By 2015, the state was spending $171 per person on roads, according to a report from the nonpartisan Citizens Research Council of Michigan. That was barely half the spending level in Wisconsin, a state where the roads are subject to similar strains from climate and vehicle wear.
"It really doesn't make sense, because our geography, our climate, our economy would all beg for an over-investment in roads," said Eric Lupher, the council's president.
State and local transportation agencies have reacted to this situation predictably, increasingly relying on patchy, temporary fixes and prioritizing emergency repairs over ongoing upkeep. Maintenance has fallen further and further behind, and the roads are constantly deteriorating.
The backdrop to all of this has been stagnant funding at the national level, where the gas tax, which pays for the U.S. Highway Trust Fund, has remained stuck at 18.4 cents a gallon since 1993. It would now be 31 cents if it had simply risen risen with inflation, as journalist Michael Tomasky notes in his new book, "If We Can Keep It." But like all other efforts to increase revenue, raising the gas tax has become "undiscussable" in Washington, as Tomasky puts it.
The same goes for other efforts to finance infrastructure more generally. Major plans have been staples of Democratic agendas, going back to the proposals Barack Obama made when he was president, but after the one-time infusion of the Recovery Act ― passed in the first days of the Obama administration, in the midst of an economic crisis ― every one of them run into fatal GOP opposition.
And although infrastructure has been a fixture in the rhetoric of President Donald Trump, it has never been a serious priority. It's been nonstarter with his putative GOP allies in Congress to the point that regular mentions of "infrastructure week" have become a running joke on Twitter.
The neglect has gotten so severe, and the road conditions so dire, that many states have reluctantly acted on their own. Frequently it's been at the behest of business groups like the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, whose members depend on good roads for supplies and shipping and which have enough sway with state Republicans to overcome the party's ideological opposition to taxes.
It happened that way in Michigan, where in 2015 the GOP legislature begrudgingly approved a modest gas tax increase proposed by then-Gov. Rick Snyder, an old-school, business-oriented Republican.
Snyder had been trying to get road funding for a while. His first bid was a complicated package that included a sales tax increase, which voters overwhelmingly rejected when it appeared as a ballot measure. That diminished his leverage, and when Snyder finally got the legislature to go along with a different road funding package, it was well short of what the state needed.
Since then, several independent experts and panels, including a bipartisan commission Snyder appointed before leaving office, have concluded that properly maintaining the roads would require additional spending of at least $2 billion a year. That is right in line with what Whitmer is seeking.
Michigan's Roads And Legislature, By The Numbers
Whitmer has done her best to quantify the price of inaction, citing a study from TRIP, an independent think tank that focuses on surface transportation, showing that poor road conditions cost a typical Michigan driver $646 a year. Whitmer's plan wouldn't eliminate that cost, but it could reduce it by a few hundred dollars. That is more than what the typical consumer would end up paying in new gas taxes, according to estimates from the Whitmer administration and some independent analysts.
And the $646 figure may actually understate how much poor roads cost Michiganders because it doesn't take into account the expense of more accidents and greater congestion. Nor does it capture the economic benefits the state gives up because officials don't have the money to update roads in ways that would boost growth.
"The striking thing about Michigan, the thing that's different, is that right now they are focused almost entirely on preservation, fixing things already there," said Rocky Moretti, TRIP's director of policy and research. "When you go to other states, they are also talking about new interchanges, improving traffic flows, new things they are building to encourage economic development."
The logic is compelling. But, especially after the last tax hike, many voters don't believe that another, bigger one will make a difference. Just last week, the secretary of transportation got a chilly response when he pitched the Whitmer package to an audience in Sterling Heights, north of Detroit. "They're going to have to prove to me that this is going to work," one attendee told an MLive.com reporter.
Whitmer's task is even harder because she is operating inside a political system that leaves her and her party at a structural disadvantage. Democrats won every major statewide contest in November and even managed to flip a pair of long-held Republican congressional seats. But Republicans easily held their majorities in the legislature because the districts are so heavily gerrymandered in their favor, giving more conservative, rural districts extra influence.
The days of gerrymandering are finally coming to an end in Michigan, thanks to a successful 2018 ballot initiative and a 2019 federal court ruling. But neither is taking effect right away, which means Whitmer is stuck with this legislature and its Republican majority for at least the next year and a half.
Whitmer has said she'll consider alternative funding mechanisms if Republicans, who say they are open to new revenue in principle, would just propose one. So far, they haven't. Susan Demas, a veteran political observer and editor of the new, left-leaning Michigan Advance, said that attitude is indicative of the way the party has changed in Michigan.
"The current philosophy of the Republicans is a lot more hard-line than it used to be," Demas said. "Republicans have to drive on these roads too, they hear from their constituents. … But they really don't want to give the governor the win."
A Test For Democrats ― And For Democracy
Whitmer's predicament should sound familiar to Democrats around the country. They know first-hand how gerrymandering, the overrepresentation of rural districts, public skepticism of public programs, and extremist Republicans can make passing any major legislation difficult.
None of which is to say Whitmer can't succeed. GOP proposals to fix the state's no-fault auto insurance system, which leaves residents with some of the nation's highest rates, are among the moving political pieces in Lansing right now. Although Whitmer has said she agrees with Republicans on the need for reform, she has very different ideas on how to do it ― which means, just maybe, there's a deal to be struck.
"I think she would accept some stuff on auto no-fault and the budget that she wouldn't accept otherwise, in order to get a lot of what she wants on infrastructure," said Adrian Hemond, a partner and CEO of Lansing-based consulting firm Grassroots Midwest.
But Whitmer has only a few months to close the deal, because budget negotiations have to wrap up in time for the new fiscal year, which starts Oct. 1. The chances of a gas tax passing after that, with the next election approaching, are virtually nil.
And Demas, for one, said Whitmer has reason to hold out for the full funding ― yet another half-measure is likely to leave voters disappointed and exhaust whatever patience they have for more tax increases.
"Doing half a loaf might be worse politically than not doing anything," Demas said.
If Republicans won't go along with full funding, Whitmer could refuse to sign the budget, provoking a showdown and maybe even a shutdown. She could also give up on the legislature and try to have the state borrow the money through a bond measure. But that'd present its own fiscal complications and would require voter approval.
Her other recourse would be to attack Republican legislators for their opposition, in the hopes that voters hold them responsible for letting the roads deteriorate and elect a legislature in 2021 willing to make the investment. Some GOP allies have warned party leaders not to assume they would survive such a fight.
"If the Republicans don't deliver and are seen as overly obstructionist on fixing the roads, I think they're going to be in for a tougher road in 2020 — and I think they realize that," Sandy Baruah, CEO of Detroit's regional Chamber of Commerce, told Crain's Detroit Business.
Still, flipping the legislature would likely require a surge in support for Democrats even bigger than the one that got Whitmer elected. That's asking quite a lot, especially for a governor better known for working the system than rallying activists. Filling potholes may seem like the most straightforward, least controversial thing that government does. But these days, even the easy things in politics are hard.
How to vote
Register by: Varies by state
Your vote is your voice! It is your right and your responsibility. For your voice to be heard, in most states you must register before you can vote. Visit the state elections siteRegister to Vote
Vote-by-mail ballot request deadline: Varies by state
For the Nov 3 election: States are making it easier for citizens to vote absentee by mail this year due to the coronavirus. Each state has its own rules for mail-in absentee voting. Visit your state election office website to find out if you can vote by mail.Get more informationTrack ballot status
In-person early voting dates: Varies by state
Sometimes circumstances make it hard or impossible for you to vote on Election Day. But your state may let you vote during a designated early voting period. You don't need an excuse to vote early. Visit your state election office website to find out whether they offer early voting.My Election Office
General Election: Nov 3, 2020
Polling hours on Election Day: Varies by state/localityMy Polling Place


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As seen in O, The Oprah Magazine!
Set of 3 semi-precious beaded stretch bracelets with crystal and 22K gold-dipped accents. Available with tassel or gem pendant.
Berry pink is a color that inspires compassion and love. It is intuitive and insightful, providing warmth and reassurance
Circumference: 6 1/2"; bead sizes: 6mm, 8mm, 10mm.
Tassel pendant drop: 1 1/2"; Gem pendant drop: 1/2"
Materials: Smooth & faceted semi-precious dyed quartz beads, 22K gold-dipped brass, glass and crystal details.


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Every composition written & performed by me since 1991
Some of you know that there are a lot of things that I've done in my life before I fell into 3D and digital sculpture. I've covered some of the before such as my background as an escapologist (yes really). But I've been writing and composing for years and years and its always been my refuge from everything. Times when my life has fallen apart I always found the music there as well as my art. To me (at the risk of sounding like a pretentious old git) 'sculpting' sound is just as pure an art form as sculpting digitally or in clay.
I've always found great beauty in the raw sound wave and twisting sound and musical compositions to my will lol. So I've uploaded every song, composition I can find, all are wrote and performed by me and cover a whole shed loads of musical styles and types from classical, to dance music to metal and experimental stuff I can promise is so off the wall the wall had a nervous breakdown lol
So if you are interested in what else goes on in my head and contributes to my art then give them a listen, similarly if they are of use as a bit of background music for a turntable or something, go right ahead if it helps keep you away from the YouTube copyright crap.
But one small disclaimer..I write my music for me and as long as I like what i am writing that is all that matters as it is a way to relax, not for profit or any sort of gain. Also the older bits of music may or may not have been recorded entirely sober in a lot of cases back in the early / mid 90's lol. Bare this in mind please.


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York charter school to appeal state's decision
A York charter school will appeal the decision of state officials to not approve its charter.
New Hope Academy's charter was denied by the York City School District last year. District officials claimed the school was not making enough academic progress to remain open.
Academy officials appealed the decision with the state last October, saying they had addressed the district's complaints.
On Tuesday, state officials decided to not approve the appeal.
The charter school has about 800 students and 100 employees.
On Wednesday morning, New Hope Academy released this statement:
"First, we will appeal to remain open. We are deeply disappointed by the Pennsylvania Department of Education's decision not to approve our charter's appeal, effective Jan 15, 2014. We remain dedicated to putting kids first, and we'll continue to remain by our students' and staff's side to the very end. That is why we will appeal the Charter Appeal Board's decision to keep our school open. During this appeals process, we believe students deserve a consistent and safe educational environment, without disruption. Students and their families should not be ripped from a stable school environment with little to no time to prepare for a smooth transition as we appeal to remain open.
New Hope Academy is home to more than 800 students, many of which left a failing or unsafe school. Our students rely on our school as a safe and supportive place. This is why we will appeal to remain open. During our appeal, we will petition to grant a stay to remain open so that our students may finish their school year here at New Hope Academy Charter School. We will be filing all the necessary documents in the coming days. We ask that you please stay up to date by following our posts and updates for ways to support our appeal. Thank you for your support and putting kids and our communities first. Change does start with choice. And we will appeal."


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March 02 2010
The Complete DVD Collection of Buffy on sale at Amazon UK. The Region 2 DVD box set containing all seven seasons of Buffy is now available for £50.97 (72% discount) as part of Amazon's current "deals of the of the week" special offers.
Someone correct me if I'm wrong, but I think the only difference from the US versions is that seasons 4-7 are in wide screen. I got it back in 08' from Amazon UK for £45.61 including shipping for that very reason but haven't really watched it much and haven't gone through the extras because I don't have a region free dvd player and have to watch it on my computer.
[ edited by bizzleburp on 2010-03-02 23:40 ]
[ edited by bizzleburp on 2010-03-02 23:40 ]
The US version has an extra DVD (roundtable event with some of the cast and writers). Also an extra season 4 commentary.
I got it early last year for around £49, and its a pretty decent set. If a bit flimsy, I mean, there are probably a few advantages of owning the US one, especially because of the pretty box but this has all the essentials you need.
The UK discs have the intro to The Gift, where you can see all of the episodes flash by, right? My Region 1 set doesn't have that.Do they have French sub-titles by the way?
shambleau, if you've got the Chosen collection, that intro is an easter egg on disc 6 of season 6, in the "Featurettes" menu. (Not sure if it's on any other versions of season 6.)
Hm. Possibly. The site I was getting my information from (www.hiddendvdeastereggs.com) says both, now that I look closer, but that must be wrong because I had a hard time finding it when I looked last time...
This article on Wikipedia lists all the differences between the US and UK versions. ;-)
[ edited by Anuris on 2010-03-03 12:11 ]
[ edited by Anuris on 2010-03-03 12:11 ]
I am proud to be an owner of every season of Buffy in their original "bible" packaging - although the first season is the pack that folds out into a cross (is there a "bible book" version of season 1?.) Much better than the plastic casing on offer here - at least, that is what I assume 'The Chosen Collection' is in. Almost have all of Angel in the same style packaging too, bar the first season.
Although, I do feel dirty for them being the R2 versions and not watching Buffy season 4-7 in the correct aspect ratio. Please forgive me Joss!
£50 is a great deal for anyone yet to get the DVDs. So much joy, for so little money.
Although, I do feel dirty for them being the R2 versions and not watching Buffy season 4-7 in the correct aspect ratio. Please forgive me Joss!
£50 is a great deal for anyone yet to get the DVDs. So much joy, for so little money.
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Garden paths with his hands and at low cost
To build on your summer cottage garden paths with his hands and at low cost, you need to understand what materials to make it better. Landscape design involves many methods of construction of a garden courtyard. The style and type of material depends on the design that is selected in General for the area. Regardless of the choice of material for walkways, they should fit nicely into the panorama of your "estate" and not to burden her with unnecessary cost.
The contents
- 1 What are the different types of garden paths
- 2 Garden paths with his hands and at low cost
- 2.1 How to build a trail of crushed stone or gravel
- 2.2 Brick walkway – budget option solid track
- 2.3 Track from wood and other unexpected materials
- 2.4 the Tracks are laid using the form for production of garden paths
- 2.5 Garden path with his hands (video)
What are the different types of garden paths
There are three main purpose lanes in the suburban area:
- practical – the creation of a convenient and well-maintained environment that's safe to be in. This factor makes you to build tracks where they are most needed to travel between facilities and outbuildings. With the same aim of doing paths between garden beds and trees. From the actual purpose and frequency of use depends on the choice of the material;
- aesthetic – in fact, tracks is an inherent part of the design of the garden, and sometimes the Central decorative element. For this reason, they can't go in discord with the General concept of the whole space of the site;
- operational practicality shall be in charge of the entire venture. Each track is required to be created from this material which guarantees its operation for the required period of time. For example, the Central courtyard, performing the role of major sidewalks should be performed on more than a dozen years, so require the use of durable materials. Paths between garden beds to create for one season, so you can use cheap materials that will fall to dismantle.
There are quite practical and durable materials with aesthetic appearance and expensive design: pavers, natural stone, ceramic or rubber tile, and others. This is all very good and beautiful. However, the majority of people want on your piece of land to make garden paths with his hands and at low cost. What kinds of materials are better suited for this, read on.
A useful tip! If the choice of material for garden paths, guided only by the economic component, it is possible to build an object that will last and season. Therefore, we must always be weighed against the feasibility and cost. For example, it is impractical to lay track from plastic bottles where the traffic is intense.
Garden paths with his hands and at low cost
When conducting even a superficial analysis of the cost of certain types of materials from which it is accepted to do the garden paths, you can come to the conclusion that the cheapest and most practical are the tracks from a marble crumb, rubble and gravel. To create them is not difficult, and performance will not disappoint anyone.
The bricks, both whole and broken can be successfully used to budget the construction of the tracks on the site. Well, if it is not required to specifically buy for this purpose. Perhaps he remained in the dismantling of the old furnaces or any building. Wooden stumps – the original and low-cost method of laying garden paths. The same can be said about the plastic bottles, which you can gather as much as necessary.
The following material, which does not require costly installation, is concrete. It is sturdy enough, practical and durable. If you apply the dyes, and it can make a noteworthy track. Especially that recently appeared in the sale of various molds for making garden paths.
Related article:
Gabion with his own hands: step by step instructions create stone designs on the site
How to build a trail of crushed stone or gravel
Detrital material is not expensive, especially in places where lots of it in nature itself. Therefore, the construction of his tracks can be attributed to low-cost forms. We will understand how to pave a path of crushed stone or gravel. To do this is not difficult. Before you start, you need to stock the right amount of clastic material of sand and cement. Suitable crushed stone, gravel, crushed stone and even fragments of bricks.
On the site you will need to mark the contours of future tracks. If your garden is arranged in classic style, then the track to do direct and make better use of curbs. Landscape style, in contrast, assumes a curved shape with a natural obstacle avoidance. Around the circuit doing the excavation of soil and turf to a solid Foundation. Depending on the depth of the trench depends on the amount of material that will be needed for its completion.
At the bottom of the excavated trench is placed a sand layer thickness of 5 cm It is thoroughly tamped. Then the sand is poured a layer of gravel, at least 7 – 10 cm in This layer is trying to strebovat in the sand as tightly as possible. When received a relatively smooth surface, the spaces between the gravel fill with concrete mortar. The resulting fabric is left to dry for 7 – 10 days.
A useful tip! Below is a track of rubble looked more aesthetically pleasing and do not unravel with time, you need to use the curb. For this purpose, suitable old concrete stepchildren from electric poles, steel or plastic poles, bricks and many other items.
Brick walkway – budget option solid track
To make an inexpensive walkway of bricks in the following way. We need the old, but not cracked bricks in large enough quantities. The brick stack in two ways: on the plane and on edge. The second option requires a larger amount of bricks, but more reliable. You can create a very original drawing, combining red and white brick.
In a prepared trench throwing sand pillow, which tightly stamps and watered. When the sand is well usage, begin to lay the bricks. This can be done in different patterns: cross, herringbone, snake or zigzag. Of bricks of different colors, you can create the ornament.
First, lay a row of several bricks. For their alignment using a rubber mallet and an ordinary Board, which is put on the whole series and dub it on the level. When laying subsequent rows focus on the first. Once stacked a desired area, to produce the bond of the bricks. For this purpose, a dry mixture of sand and cement in the ratio 3:1. The prepared composition is poured on the carpet and sweep the brush to fill the joints between the bricks. After that, the track pour a little water from a spray bottle.
Tracks from wood and other unexpected materials
Construction of garden paths with his hands and at low cost can be produced by applying absolutely worthless stuff. Examples are the path from slices of trees. For their production sawing logs on the stumps height of 10 – 15 cm of the Workpiece processed by any antiseptic, so they can last at least 3 – 4 years.
Then prepare the pit under footpath. To do this, remove the sod and poured the sand that RAM. Hemp set close to each other or at some distance. Intervals of sand or fine gravel.
A useful tip! The gaps between the stumps can be filled with turf or to plant lawn grass. It gives you a natural track.
The tracks are laid using the form for production of garden paths
Concrete is very durable and quite durable material. However, its dull gray color is not always happy. Therefore, in order to avoid monotony, in the manufacture of walkways made of concrete is recommended to add mortar color in different colors. Paths of concrete can be monolithic, which make similar to conventional screed with the addition of reinforcement.
However, a more advanced method is the production of concrete track using molds for making garden paths. They are made of plastic or silicone.
For making beautiful and modern tracks, it is sufficient to install one or more molds in a line and fill them with a solution. After a few hours of travel on the form and fill in the following section. The track is constructed in such original and convenient way, look as presentable as if they are made of expensive ceramic tiles, if add the dye.
Whichever option of making garden paths with his hands and at low cost has not been selected, the main thing is that the resulting object is fit into the design of your site, was practical, and his unit had spent a minimum of means.
Garden path with his hands (video)


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Simple Stack Views: Interface Builder5:35 with Pasan Premaratne
In this recipe we're going to create a simple stack view containing three nested views using Interface Builder
In this recipe, we're going to lay out an image, a label, and 0:00 a button vertically onscreen using a stack view. 0:04 This is a fairly simple layout that is achievable without stack views. 0:08 But getting a handle on stack views should allow you to build more complex layouts 0:12 in the future. 0:16 I have an empty Xcode project here, and instead of working in 0:18 main.storyboard let's add a new story board file to this project, and 0:22 we'll name it SimpleStackViews. 0:27 So in here we're going to add a view controller scene, and 0:34 we'll set this as the initial view controller. 0:38 For this recipe we're going to need an image to work with, and 0:42 you can grab anything from flicker. 0:45 They have a handy search that let's you specify the orientation of a picture, and 0:47 the licence applied to the image. 0:52 So I've selected a portrait picture that is allowed for commercial use for example. 0:54 And once you have an image, any image will do, download the appropriate size and 0:59 drag it over and add it to the assets catalogue in Xcode. 1:03 Now back in our scene, let's grab an image view from the object library. 1:07 And we're going to resize it to fit most of the space in portrait mode. 1:13 Next, we're going to go to the attributes inspector, and 1:22 we'll select that image that we added from the drop-down, and 1:25 for the Content Mode, we'll set it to Aspect Fit. 1:29 After that, let's add a label below the image, and 1:34 we'll change this text to something that describes the picture. 1:39 So here I'll say mountains. 1:43 And finally, below that we'll throw in a button and we'll change this 1:47 text to whatever, it doesn't matter, I'll set it to Like, this is a like button. 1:53 Okay, next we're going to select all three views, and you can hold shift and 1:58 just drag around it, or select each one individually. 2:02 And then we're going to click on the Embed in stack button 2:06 in the auto layout sub menus, so second button from the right. 2:09 Xcode is smart enough to figure out that since our buttons and 2:14 label and image were arranged vertically, we want a vertical stag view. 2:18 But as you can see when you do that, the layout isn't quite resolved. 2:22 With static views, well, we don't have to add constraints 2:26 to the subviews within the static view, so the views contained with the static view, 2:30 we do have to define constraints that position and size the static view itself. 2:34 Once the static view has a size, 2:39 it can use this information to size its arrange subviews. 2:40 So from the document outline so like the stack view, and 2:44 from the pin menu pin it on all four sides with 8 ppoint spacing. 2:48 Ops, not 88 just 8. 2:54 Okay, now the layout fix the screen there's no vertical spacing 2:57 between the sub views. 3:02 And it seems like this but it isn't obvious there isn't, 3:04 and you can see that the layout isn't quite resolved just yet, 3:07 we still have an issue here and the views are outlined in red. 3:10 Spacing between the arranged subviews in a stack view is handled by 3:14 the spacing property. 3:18 So, select the stack view and in the attributes, this is right here, spacing. 3:19 If we keep increasing the spacing value, you'll notice that as expected the spacing 3:24 does increase between the views, but it does so simply by pushing the views out. 3:30 This pushes the image up and 3:35 out of the stack view's bounds, essentially breaking our way out. 3:37 And you can see some red bars all over the place when you select this. 3:40 Now the reason all of this is happening, 3:44 Is because the stack view is respecting the content hugging and 3:47 content compression resistance values of the arranged solved views. 3:50 And rather than shrinking the solve views to add space between them, 3:54 because primarily our image is large here and it needs to fit the space. 3:58 But rather than shrinking it and adding space between theme after, 4:02 that it's breaking the layout. 4:05 To fix this, we need to indicate that we're okay with the stack view resizing 4:08 the image, so that everything fits. 4:12 And we'll do this by lowering the content hugging, and 4:15 content compression resistance priority values on the image view. 4:18 So, select the image view, and then go to the size inspector, and 4:22 then go all the way down. 4:26 So we have the content hugging priority and 4:28 content compression resistance priority values, and we're gonna drop both of them. 4:31 But we're only going to do this in the vertical axis since we have no issues 4:35 horizontally. 4:38 So here we'll set this to 250, and we'll set this to 749. 4:40 Once we do that, the layout is immediately resolved. 4:46 And now we can go back and set the spacing value on the stack view 4:48 to whatever we want, so we'll do something like 32. 4:51 It's important to note the advantage the stack view offers here, 4:54 even with such a simple layout. 4:58 Had we attempted this without stack views, achieving the equal spacing between 5:00 all the views would've necessitated either a space of views or layout guides. 5:04 Moreover, tweaking the amount of spacing would have meant modifying several 5:09 constraints, whereas with stack views, all we have to do is tweak a single value. 5:12 The stack view currently has a distribution value of fill 5:17 with an alignment of center. 5:20 Modifying this to have, for example, 5:22 a fill proportionately distribution, is pretty trivial. 5:24 If you're interested in implementing this recipe in code, check the note section for 5:28 a link to the relevant video. 5:32
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TORONTO, April 30 - After a bewildering week of breakneck developments, there are still huge gaps in our understanding of the 2009 H1N1 (swine flu) outbreak.
But experts agree that this mysterious flu strain provides both a threat and an opportunity.
The flu is a threat because it's a new virus, or "reassortant." Few if any people have a preexisting immunity to it, according to Joan Nichols, Ph.D., of the Galveston National Laboratory in Texas.
"Everyone has the potential to be infected by this," she said, although whether that will lead to a serious public health menace remains unclear.
On the other hand, the World Health Organization -- acting with dispatch on fragmentary information -- raised the pandemic threat level twice this week.
That was an early signal to countries around the world to get their public health machines in gear. It was also the first real test of world public health efforts since the 2003 outbreak of Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS).
Don Low, M.D., of Toronto's Mount Sinai Hospital, who was at the heart of the SARS fight in a key battleground, said the public health response is "absolutely" better this time around.
Among other things, he said, the scientific establishment is better equipped to deal with novel viruses and -- perhaps vitally -- the alarm bells rang quickly this time.
SARS, he pointed out, was circulating - and causing serious sickness - in the fall of 2002. Yet it was only in the spring of 2003 that clinicians in Toronto realized they had a novel disease on their hands.
In contrast, the 2009 "swine flu" was identified with startling speed. The CDC notified WHO on April 17 that an unknown H1N1 influenza virus had been isolated from a person in California.
The same day, Mexico was asking Canada's national microbiology lab for help in identifying the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness there. Four days later, researchers knew that the Mexican disease was caused by the strange virus CDC had turned up.
The next day, April 23, CDC announced that the threat existed. Since then, the news feed has not stopped. Both CDC and WHO have held news briefings at least once a day, sometimes twice.
"There has been great communication with the public," Dr. Low said.
Dr. Nichols called the speed of the reaction amazing. "We really quickly caught it," he said.
Indeed, extensive pandemic planning is paying off, according to Richard E. Besser, M.D., CDC's acting director. "The fact that we have been exercising several times a year for a pandemic has meant that when it occurred, we didn't have to sit down and say 'Let's talk about the flu. Here's the things you need to look out for with flu,' " he said.
Plenty of heat but little light so far
Indeed, after a week of nonstop flu news, it is startling to realize that so much remains unknown. Researchers still don't have a clear handle on:
- The virulence of the virus. While many deaths have been reported in Mexico, most cases outside that country have been mild.
- The symptoms. What is killing people in Mexico and why aren't there more deaths outside that country?
- The attack rate. The so-called r-zero of a pathogen is a measure of how easily it spreads in a susceptible population. If the r-zero of a bug is below one, it will quickly burn itself out. Measles and chickenpox typically have an r-zero of about 10; the seasonal flu is about 1.5.
- The denominator. A few dozen deaths out of a few thousand cases is very worrisome. But the same number is much less scary if there are hundreds of thousands of cases.
- The origin of the virus. Although this strain of A (H1N1) is derived from swine flu, there is no evidence that pigs anywhere have been infected by it. In fact, both CDC and WHO have stopped referring to its porcine antecedents altogether.
"This is really soon to have as much information as we have, but it's frustrating because those are the pieces we really need to understand this better," Dr. Nichols said.
One explanation of the different patterns of disease in Mexico and elsewhere, she said, might be that the virus has evolved to be less virulent as it passed through humans.
In that model, the virus would have caused more serious disease among early Mexican patients, but would be milder among tourists who were presumably infected at some remove from the first cases.
Studying the virus as it changes over the next few months may be able to rule that model in or out, she said.
Most Mexican Cases Could Be Mild
A possibly overlapping explanation, Dr. Low said, is that there are actually hundreds of thousands of cases in Mexico -- but most of them are so mild people don't even stay home from work.
In this model, tourism workers throughout the country would inadvertently infect their customers - and tourists who have visited all parts of the country have come back with disease.
The serious cases and deaths then would just be the proverbial tip of the iceberg.
The problem right now is "we really don't have a good sense of the denominators in Mexico," according to Tim Brewer, M.D., of McGill University in Montreal.
Until those numbers are verified, it will be difficult to get the big picture of the outbreak.
Unprecedented Look at Viral Evolution in Action
"Trying to understand why we're seeing a different picture in Mexico than here is really the critical question," Dr. Besser said.
He said the agency has set up a new rapid test lab in Mexico City that will help to broaden the picture of death and disease.
Dr. Nichols, looking forward to data generated by that lab and others, said this is a golden opportunity for flu researchers -- the first time they've been able to watch the evolution of a new human strain almost from the beginning, she said.
"I can tell you a lot about influenza virulence in chickens," Dr. Nichols said, but much less is known about what causes flu virulence in people.
New molecular research tools, applied to the H1N1 outbreak, should allow researchers like her "to really pinpoint what are the determinants in a virus like this that cause severe disease," she said.
There is already some evidence that the virus is changing, Dr. Low said.
Researchers have documented a seven base-pair in the gene for neuraminidase - the 'N' in H1N1 -- although what that means is not clear.
This virus appears to be the result of a so-called "antigenic shift" -- a mixture of genes from several different strains that just happened to find themselves in the same host and swapped genetic material.
Lack of Immunity Makes This Virus Worrisome
Researchers don't agree on the details. Some, like Dr. Nichols, think the strain shows signs of swine, human, and avian flu, although others are now suggesting it's a mixture of two types of swine flu.
Either way, we don't have a "baseline immunity" to it, Dr. Brewer said.
Lack of baseline immunity is one reason why experts have been concerned about the H5N1 avian flu. Although it's highly dangerous, H5N1 is rarely able to infect humans -- but it might undergo such a shift and gain the ability to transmit easily among people.
Although scientists for years believed that the "Spanish Flu" pandemic of 1918 was caused by a swine flu, recent evidence indicates that it was an avian flu that underwent antigenic shift and found a world of humans with no immunity.
Several times this week, experts have brought up a disquieting element of that deadly pandemic, which killed more than 500,000 Americans and at least 20 million people worldwide.
In that case, the flu appeared in a relatively mild form in the spring -- as the current H1N1 strain has -- and then went away, only to reappear in the fall with full and deadly force.
That pattern could certainly recur, Dr. Nichols said, although she pointed out that the first round of the 1918 flu wasn't all that innocuous: it just seemed mild compared to what followed.
But there's no way to predict what will happen, she said.
Even if the virus does rebound, it may not be as deadly as the 1918 pandemic. Back then, even the idea of a virus was unknown. Now we have vaccines, antiviral drugs, sophisticated disease surveillance, improved supportive care, and a range of other tools.
Pandemic Scale Rates Disease Severity
The virus itself may not be as harmful as some fear, either.
Dr. Low said he wouldn't be surprised if it stayed low on the CDC's five-point pandemic severity scale. That scale, proposed in 2007, is not the same as WHO's pandemic threat level, which measures how quickly and widely a virus spreads.
Instead, CDC rates pandemics in much the same way meteorologists judge hurricanes.
The key factor is the ratio of reported cases to deaths. A category 1 pandemic would have a case-fatality ratio of less then 0.1%, which is about the same rate as a normal flu season.
Category 5, on the other hand, applies to pandemics with a case-fatality ratio of greater than 2%. The deadly 1918 pandemic had an estimated 2.5% death rate.
While the future of the current outbreak remains unclear, the ceaseless barrage of flu news has both informed the public -- and inflamed its fears.
"I think some people are scared," Dr. Brewer said.
Dr. Nichols said she has received calls from physicians asking whether they should stockpile the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu). On the other hand, Dr. Low -- in Toronto, where memories of SARS are still strong -- said there's no obvious sign of panic.
"We've been through this exercise," he said.


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YouTube Music App Red – Enjoy Unlimited Music at your Fingertips
YouTube, founded in 2005, is currently the world's most popular video-sharing website. Being bought by Google in 2006, YouTube allows users to upload, view, and share videos including video clips, TV shows, and music videos in addition to short original videos and educational videos. While YouTube is first and foremost an online video portal, it is also the world's second largest search engine, just a few notches behind its parent company Google, which is number one.
YouTube Music App – Capitalising on its USP
With a library of millions of videos, YouTube is also world's largest music streaming platform, leaving the likes of Spotify and Apple way behind, when it comes to consuming songs and albums. In a bid to capitalize on its USP of being a popular music website, in November 2015, YouTube announced rolling out a new music app called YouTube Music App. While the app is free and available across Android and iOS platforms, users can enjoy a lot more if they choose the YouTube Red subscription.
Bringing Music on Fingertips
Being an app exclusively optimized for music, the YouTube Music App is fairly simple to consume; users can use the app like a standard music service, searching for artists and playing individual songs or albums. YouTube Music App boasts of a pool of about 30 million audio tracks, similar to ones available on other popular music apps. But users get to enjoy a plethora of additional music alternatives: from live concert footage to karaoke tracks with embedded lyrics to instructional videos on how to play musical instruments etc. making YouTube Music App a one-of-a-kind app in the industry.
Enjoy Unlimited Music for Free
- Trending Music: YouTube Music App has a tab called trending that lists the most popular songs on YouTube, along with fast-rising stars, and some unknowns that the YouTube team thinks will make it big in the near future.
- Unlimited Choices: Users can choose from an assortment of new artists, classic favorites, and everything in between. From official music videos, full albums, remixes, covers, to classic recordings and videos spanning decades.
- Recommended Tracks: The home tab on the YouTube Music App recommends tracks based on users' likes and preferences, displays new songs and artists that are on the rise, and lists the latest hits in the daily 40.
- Daily playlist: While YouTube Music App does not gives users the option of creating their own playlists, it does create a daily playlist. The daily playlist combines songs the users listen to often, tracks they've liked in addition to new music the app thinks the user might enjoy.
- Free Music: Although YouTube Music App allows users to search and listen to any music for free, the app does not block ads unless the user opts for the monthly subscription model.
Or Pay a Monthly Subscription
A YouTube Red subscription is available to users for a monthly fee of $9.99. With the subscription, users can not only enjoy ad-free music, but can enjoy a gamut of other additional benefits like creating personal playlists, saving a playlist for later offline playback, playing a track without loading the video or playing a clip in the background to save battery and data consumption.
Transforming the Music Space
With the launch of a dedicated music app, YouTube has fundamentally transformed the market for online streaming music. With a $10/month subscription, you can get access to the world's biggest video library, ad free and offline and enjoy a music experience, anywhere, anytime and through any device.


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Euthanasia and assisted suicide
Euthanasia, also known as assisted suicide, physician-assisted suicide (dying), doctor-assisted dying (suicide), and more loosely termed mercy killing, means to take a deliberate action with the express intention of ending a life to relieve intractable (persistent, unstoppable) suffering.
Some interpret euthanasia as the practice of ending a life in a painless manner. Many disagree with this interpretation, because it needs to include a reference to intractable suffering.
In the majority of countries euthanasia or assisted suicide is against the law. According to the National Health Service (NHS), UK, it is illegal to help somebody kill themselves, regardless of circumstances. Assisted suicide, or voluntary euthanasia carries a maximum sentence of 14 years in prison in the UK. In the USA the law varies in some states (see further down).
Euthanasia classifications
There are two main classifications of euthanasia:
- Voluntary euthanasia - this is euthanasia conducted with consent. Since 2009 voluntary euthanasia has been legal in Belgium, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Switzerland, and the states of Oregon (USA) and Washington (USA).
- Involuntary euthanasia - euthanasia is conducted without consent. The decision is made by another person because the patient is incapable to doing so himself/herself.
There are two procedural classifications of euthanasia:
- Passive euthanasia - this is when life-sustaining treatments are withheld. The definition of passive euthanasia is often not clear cut. For example, if a doctor prescribes increasing doses of opioid analgesia (strong painkilling medications) which may eventually be toxic for the patient, some may argue whether passive euthanasia is taking place - in most cases, the doctor's measure is seen as a passive one. Many claim that the term is wrong, because euthanasia has not taken place, because there is no intention to take life.
- Active euthanasia - lethal substances or forces are used to end the patient's life. Active euthanasia includes life-ending actions conducted by the patient or somebody else.
Active euthanasia is a much more controversial subject than passive euthanasia. Individuals are torn by religious, moral, ethical and compassionate arguments surrounding the issue. Euthanasia has been a very controversial and emotive topic for a long time.
The term assisted suicide has several different interpretations. Perhaps the most widely used and accepted is "the intentional hastening of death by a terminally ill patient with assistance from a doctor, relative, or another person."
Some people will insist that something along the lines of "in order relieve intractable (persistent, unstoppable) suffering" needs to be added to the meaning, while others insist that "terminally ill patient" already includes that meaning.
Medical definitions of euthanasia
According to MediLexicon's medical dictionary:
Euthanasia is:
- "A quiet, painless death." or
- "The intentional putting to death of a person with an incurable or painful disease intended as an act of mercy."
Active euthanasia is:
"A mode of ending life in which the intent is to cause the patient's death in a single act (also called mercy killing)."
Passive euthanasia is:
"A mode of ending life in which a physician is given an option not to prescribe futile treatments for the hopelessly ill patient."
Options for terminal patients or those with intractable suffering and pain
Patients with a terminal or serious and progressive illness in most developed countries have several options, including:
Palliative care
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines palliative care as:
An approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual".
One goal of palliative care is for the patients and families to accept dying as a normal process. It seeks to provide relief from pain and uncomfortable symptoms while integrating psychological and spiritual features of patient care. Palliative care strives to offer a support system to help patients live their remaining time as actively as they can and to help families bereave and deal with the illness of a loved one.
Since pain is the most visible sign of distress among patients receiving palliative care, affecting about 70% of cancer patients and 65% of patients dying from non-malignant diseases, opioids are a very common treatment option.
These medicines form part of well-established treatment plans for managing pain as well as several other symptoms that patients encounter. Often, opioids are chosen during palliative care in spite of the side effects such as drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.
Some type of palliative care is given to about 1.2 million Americans and 45,000 new patients each year in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. About 90% of these patients have cancer, while the remaining patients have heart disease, stroke, motor neuron disease, or multiple sclerosis. The providers of the palliative care include in-patient care, hospital support services, community care, day care and outpatient care.
Refusing treatment
In the USA, UK and many other countries a patient can refuse treatment that is recommended by a doctor or some other health care professional, as long as they have been properly informed and are of sound mind. In the UK, the Mental Health Act 1983 excludes children and people under the age of 18 years.
According to the Department of Health, UK, nobody can give consent on behalf of an incompetent adult, such as one who is in a coma. Nevertheless, doctors take into account the best interests of the patient when deciding on treatment options. A patient's best interests are based on:
- What the patient wanted when he/she was competent
- The patient's general state of health
- The patient's spiritual and religious welfare.
An example in the UK
The doctor may decide the best option for a patient who is declared as clinically brain dead is to switch of the life-support machines; equipment without which the patient will die. The doctor in charge will talk to the patient's family. However, the final decision is the doctor's, and strict criteria must be met.
A living will (advance directive)
This is a legally binding document which anybody may draw up in advance if they are concerned that perhaps they will be unable to expresses their wishes at a later date. In the advance directive the individual states what they want to happen if they become too ill to be able to refuse or consent to medical treatment.
On the next page, we look at the history of euthanasia and euthanasia law throughout the world. On the final page we discuss arguments for and against voluntary euthanasia.
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Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide FAQ - Video 1 (Video Medical And Professional 2020).


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Bring the power of the cinema into your home! Pump up your home entertainment experience with exposed speakers drivers ofering powerful 600W surround sound and immersive 3D Blu-ray Disc playback.
Bring the power of the cinema into your home with this Philips 5.1 Home theater system. Pump up your home entertainment experience with exposed speakers drivers ofering powerful 600W surround sound and immersive 3D Blu-ray Disc playback.
Great listening experience
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600W RMS power delivers great sound for movies and music
Full HD 3D Blu-ray
Be enthralled by 3D movies in your own living room on a Full HD 3D TV. Active 3D uses the latest generation of fast switching displays for real life depth and realism in full 1080x1920 HD resolution. By watching these images through special glasses with right and left lenses that are timed to open and close in synchrony with alternating images, the full HD 3D viewing experience is created in your home cinema. Premium 3D movie releases on Bluray offer a wide, high quality selection of content. Blu-ray also delivers uncompressed surround sound for an unbelievably real audio experience.
Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD
Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio Essential deliver the finest sound from your Blu-ray Discs. Audio reproduced is virtually indistinguishable from the studio master, so you hear what the creators intended for you to hear. Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio Essential complete your high definition entertainment experience.
DivX Plus HD Certified
DivX Plus HD on your Blu-ray player and/or DVD player offers the latest in DivX technology to let you enjoy HD videos and movies from the Internet direct to your Philips HDTV or PC. DivX Plus HD supports the playback of DivX Plus content (H.264 HD video with high-quality AAC audio in an MKV file container) while also supporting previous versions of DivX video up to 1080p. DivX Plus HD for true HD digital video.
Smart TV
Philips home theater & Blu-ray player with Smart TV ofer you an array of enhanced features, including Net TV, SimplyShare & MyRemote. Net TV brings a wide range of online information & entertainment to your TV for services like video-on-demand. With SimplyShare, you can access photos, music & movies stored on your PC from the comfort of your couch. You can also use your smartphone/tablet to control your home theater via Philips MyRemote app.
Optional WiFi accessory
Optional WiFi accessory to wirelessly connect to internet
Optional dock
Attach this dock to your home theater system and you can enjoy your music, videos and pictures from your iPod devices and iPhone. Dock is sold as an optional accessory.
EasyLink lets you control multiple devices like DVD players, Blu-ray players, TV's etc. with one remote. It uses HDMI CEC industrystandard protocol to share functionality between devices through the HDMI cable. With one touch of a button, you can operate all your connected HDMI CEC enabled equipment simultaneously. Functions like standby and play can now be carried out with absolute ease.
Audio in
Audio in allows you to easily play your music directly from your iPod/iPhone/iPad, MP3 player, or laptop via a simple connection to your home cinema. Simply connect your audio device to the Audio in jack to enjoy your music with the superior sound quality of the Philips home cinema system.
•Compatible accessories: DCK3061 Dock for iPod/iPhone, STS3001 Speaker stand, WUB1110 Wi-Fi USB Adaptor
•Included accessories: 2 x AAA Batteries, FM antenna, Power cord, Quick start guide, Remote Control, Safety & Legal Leaflet, Trademarks Sheet, World Wide Warranty leaflet
Audio Playback
•Compression format: AAC, MP3, WAV, WMA
•MP3 bit rates: 32 - 320kbps
Still Picture Playback
•Compression format: GIF, JPEG, JPEG HD, JPEG Progressive, PNG
•Picture Enhancement: Rotate, Slideshow with music playback, Zoom
Video Playback
•Compression formats: DivX Plus HD, MPEG1, MPEG2, MPEG4, RMVB
Optical Playback Media
•Playable Discs: AVCHD, BD, BD R / BD RE, CD, CDDA, CD-R/CD-RW, DVD, DVD +R/+RW, DVD -R/-RW, SVCD, VCD
File Format
•Audio: aac, mka, mp3, wma
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•Front Connections: Microphone In, Music iLINK, USB / Wi-Fi slot
•Rear Connections: AUX IN 1, Click-fit Speaker Connectors, Composite video (CVBS) output, Digital coaxial in, Digital optical in, Ethernet, FM Antenna Socket, HDMI 1.4 output (ARC), iPod/iPhone Dock Jack, SD/SDHC Card slot
•Smart TV: MyRemote, Net TV
•EasyLink (HDMI-CEC): 21:9 format subtitle support, Audio Return Channel, Automatic audio input mapping, Dynamic Lipsync, One touch play, One touch standby, Remote Control-Passthrough, System standby
•HDMI Features: 3D, Audio Return Channel (ARC), Content Type, Deep color
•Main Unit (W x H x D): 360 x 58 x 325 mm
•Main Unit Weight: 2.4 kg
•Center Speaker (W x H x D): 159 x 84.5 x 80 mm
•Center Speaker Weight: 0.35 kg
•Centre Speaker cable length: 2 m
•Front Speaker (W x H x D): 84.5 x 159 x 80 mm
•Front Speaker Weight: 0.35 kg
•Front Speaker cable length: 3 m
•Rear Speaker (W x H x D): 84.5 x 159 x 80 mm
•Rear Speaker Weight: 0.35 kg
•Rear Speaker cable length: 7 m
•Subwoofer (W x H x D): 160 x 267.5 x 265 mm
•Subwoofer cable length: 3 m
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•Packaging (W x H x D): 520 x 310 x 377 mm
•Weight incl. Packaging: 9 kg
•Loudspeaker types: 1 x Centre speaker, 4 x Satellite speakers
•Center speaker drivers: 1 x 2.5" woofers
•Center speaker freq range: 150 - 20k Hz
•Center speaker impedance: 4 ohm
•Drivers per Satellite speaker: 1 x 2.5" woofer
•Satellite speaker impedance: 4 ohm
•Satellite speaker freq range: 150 - 20k Hz
•Subwoofer type: Passive
•Subwoofer driver: 1 x 5.25" woofer
•Subwoofer freq range: 20 - 150 Hz
•Subwoofer impedance: 4 ohm
•Picture enhancement: HD (720p, 1080i, 1080p/24fps), Progressive scan, Video upscaling
•Power consumption: 110 W
•Power supply: 110-127V / 220-240V, ~50-60Hz
•Standby power consumption: < 0.9 W
•Equalizer settings: Gaming, Movie, Music, News, Original
•Sound Enhancement: Night Mode, Treble and Bass Control
•Sound System: Dolby Digital 5.1, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby True HD, DTS Digital Surround, DTS-HD High Resolution Audio, DTS-HD Master Audio Essential
•Center speaker output power: 100 W
•Satellite speaker output power: 4 x 100 W
•Subwoofer output power: 100 W
•Total Power RMS @ 30% THD: 600 W
•Packaging: Electronic User Manual
•Tuner Bands: FM
•Number of Preset Channels: 40
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World Bank Clean Technology Fund Would Be Cash Cow for Coal
Boy, those folks at the World Bank sure can do process! Hot off the printer, the bank proposal for a so-called "Clean Technology Fund (CTF)" prepared for a meeting next week includes pages and pages of verbiage on process. On page 14 they finally get around to saying how the money would be spent. Read it and weep:


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Content by Marita Vera
Don't skimp on the olive oil in those Greek salad dressings and Italian pasta sauces. Oleocanthal gives olive oil its unique flavor, but it's also a curative that goes back to ancient times.
Now, however, researchers know that olive oil targets and blocks toxic proteins that damage brain cells accounting for memory loss in Alzheimer's disease.
Oleocanthal alters ADDL molecules, the neurotoxin responsible for causing the cellular and molecular changes associated with dementia.


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Dear AHS Class of '76 Indian,
The AHS 40th Class Reunion Committee invites you to join us for a wonderful celebration of our graduation anniversary. On May 13 and 14 we will gather at the Merry Acres Inn and Events Center. We begin at 6:30 Friday night at the Rock House for fellowship, food, spirits and live music. Saturday night will be a full on party with various dinner options followed with a live dance band. Doors open at 6:30. Please be casual Friday night and on Saturday night we are wide open for you to dress up or down to your comfort level. We WILL take a group photo so keep that in mind!
The benefits of having Merry Acres 1.800.291.9434 (229.435.7721) as our base of celebration include a block of rooms specially priced ($89) for our group. Those who are flying into the Albany airport can enjoy a shuttle to bring them straight to the hotel. Additionally, the Merry Acres group owns several restaurants in town and, for their guests, offer shuttle services to these venues and back during your stay. The committee is here to help with any logistical issues you may have so contact us with your questions or concerns.
The fee for our reunion this year is $100 per classmate ($50 for spouse/date). The deadline for your registration to attend is April 15. Please make your checks payable to: AHS Class of 76 Reunion. Mail them to: Ronnie Flowers, 133 Southill Drive, Leesburg, 31763. Use of Paypal coming soon. The committee would really appreciate knowing ahead of time all who plan to attend, so if you would let us know of your attendance even if your check will come later that would be quite helpful. You may keep up with the event via our Facebook Page and website www.ahs76.webs.com).
Please help us to spread the word and encourage graduates you communicate with to attend. We would like to see this be our largest reunion to date. At the reunion we will recognize those we have lost these past 40 years and celebrate with all of us fortunate to still be able to gather.
We hope to hear from you soon!
Your AHS Reunion Committee,
CoachBrent Brock, Randy Evers, Ronnie Flowers, Tim and Nancy Martin Bryan, Denise Krake Watson, and Reve' M. Pete


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Print Recipe
Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall is back with a brand new series. River Cottage Everyday sees Hugh take River Cottage back to the nation, demonstrating that his philosophy has relevance and a use for everyone on a daily basis.
Over eight episodes; Meat, Fish, Veg, Fruit, Bread, Lunch, Breakfast and finally Treats, Hugh will examine the British relationship with each of these categories and show how by injecting a bit of River Cottage attitude these relationships can be significantly improved. Can he lure people away from the ubiquitous breakfast cereal and instead enjoy an empowering pancake? And can he persuade an office canteen to forgo cholesterol laden potato chips in favour of a lovingly prepared packed lunch?
Hugh will demonstrate how to make the most of leftovers, turning scraps destined for the bin into delectable fare for the lunch box and visit the homes of everyday folk to take them on a transformational journey of a lifetime.... Read more.
Please note, LifeStyle cannot respond to all comments posted in our comments feed. If you have a comment or query you would like LifeStyle to respond to, please use our feedback form.


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This year's Turkey Dash is going to be a big hit! November 23rd, family and friends will have a perfect start to Turkey Day 2017 with a 5k run or walk through Keizer Station and then through the Gubser Neighborhood.
Pre-Registered entries receive T-shirts and Finisher Mugs!
Day of Registration opens at 7am @ Lowe's in Keizer Station | Race starts at 8am


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FRANKLIN, Tenn. (WKRN) – Police are desperately searching for clues that may lead them to the I-65 attacker.
On Tuesday they were combing the tree line where they said a man attempted a sexual assault.
Investigators say the man attacked a 16-year-old girl while she was waiting on the side of the interstate for her dad, after getting a flat tire Sunday night.
"This was one of those cases that was truly an out of character crime of opportunity," Lieutenant Charles Warner with Franklin Police told News 2.
A flat tire landed the victim on the side of I-65 just before the McEwan Drive exit. Police say the teen was waiting for help underneath a light pole when she says the man approached her from behind, covered her mouth and began dragging her down into a ditch. She told police her feet ended up getting tangled up in some roots and that's ultimately how she was able to break free.
"That kind of caused some resistance when the man was dragging her. He had to uncover her mouth and at that point she began screaming for help. So the fear probably overtook him that her screams would be heard and that somebody would come to her aid, so he let her go and he ran back into the woods and disappeared," Warner explained.
Police are looking into a number of theories. One is that someone passed her on the interstate and then pulled into the Sams parking lot which backs up to the wooded area. Another is that the man was already in the tree line.
"We are certain that he was going to sexually assault this girl, there is no doubt. It is troubling to us, it is troubling to the community."
Shoppers at Sams say it's terrifying, "I think it's horrendous, it's awful" a woman told News 2, adding that it is proof fighting back can pay off. "Brave, powerful young girl. I have to say she was very brave," she said.
While the teen recovers from minor physical injuries, police are using all of their resources, determined to catch her predator.
"This is something that we are going to run at hard until there is nowhere else to look. We want to do everything we can to get this predator identified and off the street," Lt. Warner explained.
Investigators described the man as a tall white male with dirty brown teeth and a medium build. He is believed to be in his late 30s to early 40s. He has a "dirty-blonde" beard and looked like he had not shaved his face in several days. He is believed to be about 6 feet tall.
Anyone with information is urged to call Franklin Police at 615-794-2513.


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Highgate Playgroup was established in 1997 as a not-for-profit incorporated association, governed by a constitution. We are a member of Playgroup WA, and are run by a group of dedicated members elected to the management committee, volunteering time, skills and services to run and promote playgroup.
We are committed to providing a fun, safe, and vibrant centre for parents/caregivers and children to share and come together in a social setting.
Our dedicated and custom built centre is fully equipped with:
- Full kitchen (including coffee machine) and food preparation area
- Toilet and baby change facilities
- Large range of indoor and outdoor toys, including dress-ups, role play, musical instruments, and books suitable for 0 – 5 year olds
- Craft supplies and equipment
- Air conditioning and heating
- Fully enclosed outdoor play area, shaded by large gum trees overlooking Forrest Park
Our centre is also the perfect place to host children birthday parties and gatherings, and is available to our members, or our members family and friends, to hire out for private functions outside of session times. For venue hire enquiries, email us on firstname.lastname@example.com.


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A new Canadian commentary has reopened the emotional debate on the benefits of early breast-cancer screening, suggesting that over-diagnosis from mammogram use and the resulting, unnecessary treatment outweighs the limited advantages of the tests, at least in women under 50.
Cornelia Baines, a University of Toronto public health professor, also charges that the debate over mammograms has become dominated by vested interests, including the companies that make diagnostic imaging machines and the radiologists who analyze the scans — and whose associations are funded by those firms.New proposals and government funding to expand breast-cancer screening to younger groups of women simply do not seem justified by the scientific evidence, Dr. Baines' paper in the journal Open Medicine argues.
"It's not just the issue of how big the benefit is — and it's clearly very, very small — it's the risk that it puts other women to, in terms of having over-diagnosed breast cancer — in other words breast cancer that won't kill them," she said in an interview. "That to me is a major wake-up call to women, if they wanted to listen."
The question of how widely to screen for breast cancer has been heated at times, peaking a year and a half ago when the U.S. preventive services task force, an advisory body of doctors and scientists, recommended that women who are not at unusual risk begin getting mammograms at 50, not 40 as many U.S. experts had earlier advised. The proposal was denounced by some medical groups, cancer survivors and politicians, with members of the panel labelled "idiots" and their report derided as a plot by the Obama administration to put cost-cutting above health. In the end, the U.S. government disavowed the group's findings.
In Canada, Dr. Baines' provocative article comes months after the Ontario branch of the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation issued a report — based on a consensus of experts at a conference — recommending that women at average risk of the disease should begin having yearly mammograms at age 40. The 2011 Ontario budget, meanwhile, allocated $10-million to screening of high-risk women aged 30 to 49.
Dr. Baines maintains there is scant evidence for either proposition.
She cited the U.S. task force's conclusions that 1,900 women between 39 and 49 would need a mammogram every year for 10 years to prevent one breast-cancer death. For women in their 50s, 1,339 need to be screened yearly to save one life, and for those in their 60s, 377 women.
What is more, studies suggest that 25% of the cancers detected by mammograms would never have caused symptoms or proven fatal without any screening, Dr. Baines notes. In those cases, the result can be needless mastectomies or lumpectomies, a life-long side effect of screening that is rarely raised with patients before getting their mammogram, she said.
Representatives of the breast-cancer foundation and the Canadian Association of Radiologists were not available for comment Tuesday.
In its report urging screening of women in their 40s, the foundation argued that population-wide statistics overlook the potential benefits for individual women — the relatively few who might die without it.
"Screening is one of the few options available to get ahead of random chance and detect a tumour early," it said. "In most cases, the earlier the treatment begins, the better the prognosis."
The foundation's report also said that less than 10% of tumours found in screening could be considered over-diagnosis, not 25%, as Dr. Baines maintained.
A spokeswoman for the Canadian Cancer Society said her organization does not urge that average-risk women in their 40s get regular mammograms.
The effects of screening on women under 50 have not been studied extensively and the evidence that does exist suggests the benefits are unclear, said Heather Chappell, the society's director of cancer-control policy.
The hard data, though, often takes a back seat in the debate, she acknowledged.
"Everyone has the best intentions, of helping women," said Ms. Chappell. "[But] sometimes the discussion can be more emotional, rather than based on evidence."
Dr. Baines goes further, suggesting that what some have called the "mammography wars" are fuelled in part by self-interested manufacturers of imaging equipment and radiologists.
Regardless of motives, the debate can be "vicious," she said. When she and colleagues published results of a trial in 1992 that questioned the benefits of early screening, a U.S. radiologist wrote to suggest she commit suicide, because "I was murdering so many women."