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Starts Monday, September 28th at 7:30pm
Same exact class as our live class only done online
AND at a discounted rate!
Sign up under Classes/Schedules or email firstname.lastname@example.com@aol.com
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Welcome to LaGuardia Acting Studio
Looking for a professional Acting School in New Jersey? You've come to right place!
At The LaGuardia Acting Studio we strive to make beginner actors great and experienced actors even better! We work with actors at all levels and help you progress at your natural speed. Our focus is preparing actors that are SERIOUS about making it in show business...actors who are really looking to pursue this as a career OR for those who have always wanted to try it and see if acting is right for them...we even work with people who just want to conquer their fear of public speaking.
Contact us at 973-362-5783
We Self Tape Your Auditions!
Gift Certificates Available!
We coach for College Auditions!
Buy The Official Audition Monologue Book from LAS. Ages 17 and up
About Us
"Every child is an artist. The problem is how to remain an artist once we grow up."
- Pablo Picasso
Looking for a professional Acting School in New Jersey? You've come to right place!
At The LaGuardia Acting Studio we strive to make beginner actors great and experienced actors even better! We work with actors at all levels and help you progress at your natural speed. Our focus is preparing actors that are SERIOUS about making it in show business...actors who are really looking to pursue this as a career.
There are many different types of acting classes in New Jersey...and unfortunately, MANY are just scams...especially in New Jersey for some reason...false promises, telling you anything and everything to get more $$$ out of you...well rest assured, that is NOT us.
We work with ages 12-16 in our teen classes and 16-99 in our adult classes...the one great thing about acting; you're never too old to start!
Although our training is both in Stanislavski and Lee Strasberg's methods and we are familiar with Meisner, this is not what we teach at LAS simply because not every technique will work for every person. We teach the "what works for you" technique...because ultimately, everyone is different and we don't believe that anyone should be locked into one style.
We don't only teach the art of acting but the business as well...far too many schools only stress acting technique and leave the actor (and their families) clueless as to where to go, what to do and how to break in! We combine learning the craft (Scene study, Monologues, Commercials, Acting for film & television, character development, etc.) with the basic knowledge of the business (Agents, Managers, Casting Directors, Audition etiquette, headshots, resumes, where to find auditions and more) so you leave with a much more well rounded understanding of what it takes to make it.
We are actors teaching actors, we will never rip people off with unrealistic promises or charge astronomical amounts of money. We offer very affordable rates, we're very professional...and we try to make it fun. But it takes hard work...and we expect all of our students to work hard.
We are very fortunate to work on a consistent basis with most of the agents and casting directors in New York & Los Angeles. We know they they're looking for, what they expect and what they DON'T want...and we try to give our students as much of this knowledge as we can...and because we work so closely with the people in the industry we also want to expose our students to them...In fact, we are perhaps the ONLY Acting School in New Jersey that is directly associated with the Agents & Casting Directors in both New York City and Los Angeles...giving our actors, when ready, the opportunity to meet with the people in the industry that make everything happen!
Also, many parents want to help their children break into the business but know very little or have been scammed in the past...we will always take the time to talk to parents, explain things to them and help them see who/what is legitimate and what is a complete waste of money.
Finally, we want all actors to know that yes, this business is extremely difficult and yes the competition is tremendous ...BUT, if this is your dream, we will do everything In our power to help...with hard work, training, dedication, knowledge and yes, a lot of luck...you can make your dreams a reality...you can become a professional actor.
Teen & Adult Acting 101 Classes;
For those both with & without prior experience. In the 8 week 101 classes, we take you through a little of everything; On-Camera Commercials, Monologues, Improv, Audition Prep, Scene Study and more...We also teach you all the basics of the business; Agents, Casting Directors, Headshots, Auditions and much more!
Our Advanced Classes range from Film Classes to Play Classes to Webisodes to Advanced Classes with Industry Showcases.
The Instructor
"Acting is all about honesty. If you can fake that, you've got it made". - George Burns
HEAD Instructor for Teens and Adults: Joshua Nelson
Joshua has over 20 years experience in the entertainment industry having worked as an actor, producer and casting director. He is also an award winning filmmaker and screen writer. Joshua is a graduate of the prestigious High School of Performing Arts (The "Fame" school). He has starred on both Sitcoms and Soap Operas. He has also appeared in numerous film that include working opposite academy awards winners Al Pacino and Robin Williams. He has also spent the last several years working as an acting teacher and coach in Manhattan and various schools in NJ. He has been in dozens of feature films, off-broadways shows and TV shows.
Joshua is also the owner of The Network Studio East, A Bi-Coastal company that introduces actors to all the top Talent Agents, Managers and Casting Directors in both New York and Los Angeles. Top talent agents from Don Buchwald, Abrams, Headline Talent, Henderson Hogan, The Mine, Avalon Artists, CESD, FBI, BLOC Agency, Bohemia Talent Group, Prestige Management and more!
Meghan Coates
I could not recommend LaGuardia Acting Studio enough. I took Josh's Acting 101 class and absolutely loved it. I left each class feeling like I had learned a lot, and always looked forward to the next one. The class is great for both people who want to pursue acting as a career and for those who just want to give it a try. The preparation is professional-level, but the atmosphere is very comfortable. It is a really nice environment to grow and experiment. Josh is an excellent teacher who genuinely wants you to succeed. Definitely recommended!
Joseph Scarpino
I just finished the Acting 101 classes with Josh and I can honestly say these classes are extremely fun and challenging. Josh has a great way of bringing out the best in all of his students. He doesn't beat around the bush, he's completely honest and he is 100% there to make you a better actor. The atmosphere of LaGuardia Acting Studio is professional yet easy going. There was never a time where I thought to myself "I can't do this" or "This is so embarrassing". I believe that is because Josh is such a great coach that he makes you feel comfortable. I'm going back for more classes starting in June and I am extremely excited.
Alison Marshall
I'm so excited to start my second class with Josh at LaGuardia Acting Studio. I had the greatest experience in Acting 101. While I've been/studied acting for quite some time, I've never learned so much about protocol when it comes to auditions, agents, commercial vs. legit, etc. My fears going into the class were that it would be more of "the same": awkward warm-ups, silly games and pretentious lessons about the craft. I've been there and done that. But I was so pleasantly surprised at how relaxed, practical, and knowledgeable Josh is about the business as well as the art. I've spent the last 8 weeks THRILLED to go to class and I'll spend the next several weeks anxious to start the next one.
Jhas Danielle
First of all, I was SUPER skeptical about driving all the way to North Jersey from the Camden County area to take an acting class that I'd only heard about online. I went in to the class super excited, but also EXTREMELY hopeful that the class wouldn't be a scam or a waste of gas/money and time. As it turned out, I made the BEST DECISION EVER to sign up with Josh! Not only does he know exactly what he's talking about, but you also feel like you're dealing with a family member or a friend- because that's exactly how he treats you. He remained sensitive to the fact that I was driving long distance and made sure to give me exactly what I paid for from start to finish and then some! Long story short, I'm already signed up for the next class! Don't sleep on this guy! Although the classroom is small, you'll probably have a better class with him, and for less money than you would if you paid top dollar at any other acting program. Also, he truly does his best to help you with your career without charging you an arm and a leg for little services like helping you with your resume and headshot advice. He's the best! What else can I say. Don't miss out or it'll be your loss! :)
Mary Zaroura
I was a little scared to enroll in an acting class because all I took were Improv classes, but if you are looking for a great teacher and an amazing experience, take classes here! Josh is such an amazing teacher who makes you so comfortable and confident in your abilities. Not only does he coach you on acting, but he gives you all the information you need to know about auditions, head shots, resumes, and anything else you are questioning. He is so knowledgable in this industry, there is no other school I would ever attend. He brought out the person who was hiding inside of me, I thought for years that I could not be so open and outgoing anymore, but Josh is the reason why I came alive again. I am so confident in my abilities, that I can say I will not be nervous meeting an Agent at the end of this course. His courses are amazing and this is my second course so far and it will not be my last. The course that I am currently enrolled in, is amazing. We will be meeting with an Agent at the end of it, what other school do you know does that?! I can't wait for the future and what it holds for me. I am a Biologist who is in love with Acting and I do believe that Mr. Josh Nelson is the smartest person I know. I am honored to be one of his students, and I hope one day I can make him proud. Please, if you want a teacher/coach who will guide you in this path, and not just throw you in the "pit of fire that is the entertainment industry", then attend this school. You'll see why I feel this way, its amazing.
Emily M.
I just completed the introduction course, and loved every minute of it. The teacher was enthusiastic, practical as far as the information he gave us about acting, compassionate and encouraging. The classes were imaginative and challanging without being embarrassing or threatening. I will study further with Laguardia.
First of all, I was SUPER skeptical about driving all the way to North Jersey from the Camden County area to take an acting class that I'd only heard about online. I went in to the class super excited, but also EXTREMELY hopeful that the class wouldn't be a scam or a waste of gas/money and time. As it turned out, I made the BEST DECISION EVER to sign up with Josh! Not only does he know exactly what he's talking about, but you also feel like you're dealing with a family member or a friend- because that's exactly how he treats you. He remained sensitive to the fact that I was driving long distance and made sure to give me exactly what I paid for from start to finish and then some! Long story short, I'm already signed up for the next class! Don't sleep on this guy! Although the classroom is small, you'll probably have a better class with him, and for less money than you would if you paid top dollar at any other acting program. Also, he truly does his best to help you with your career without charging you an arm and a leg for little services like helping you with your resume and headshot advice. He's the best! What else can I say. Don't miss out or it'll be your loss! :)
Great class and EXCELLENT teacher! Starting with the first class Josh gets right to work. Relaxed and comfortable atmosphere. You learn a lot about the industry and he really helps you pursue your passion. The small class size makes it feel like you have a one-on-one instruction. The eight weeks go so fast but you do so much! Signed up for another class and cannot wait to start.....Thanks Josh!!!
You HAVE to sign up!! If you are interested in acting at all whatsoever you must try this class! I signed up for the acting 101 class just to have some fun & add a little something to my resume. I never expected to learn as much as I did & to have such an amazing teacher. He makes the environment easy going & will bring out the best in you. It's nice to have someone so willing to help at any time & lead you in the right direction. Sign up, learn a lot, & have fun doing it!
LaGuardia acting school has the best acting classes I have ever taken! Josh is an excellent teacher and really makes every student feel 100% comfortable. He shares his years of experience in the business in every single class. His honesty and encouragement is very motivating! I highly recommend this class to anyone interested in acting, regardless of experience. You won't ever have a dull moment in any of these classes! ~ Vanessa
I am surprised and fascinated by all the exercises. Mr. Nelson creates an atmosphere that frees my spirit and challenges my mentality. In my opinion, his lessons are vital for anybody pursuing anything -- not just a show business career. You can never forget what you learn with him because all the learning is infused with emotion and everyone knows emotional memories can be the sharpest and the longest lasting of all memories. He's not just giving acting lessons, he's giving life lessons. I recommend his schooling without reservation.
GREAT CLASSES GREAT EXPERIENCE!... Very comfortable and informal atmosphere. I love the small classes and Josh's honest straight-forward approach. I learn something new with each class and have never felt I was wasting my time. I've also really enjoyed meeting and working with such a diverse and talented group of people. Between the cost, the knowledge, the experience, and the friendships you will acquire you can't go wrong with L.A.S.!
It all started with a 5 minute phone call to Josh, the teacher. He was very supportive, casual, and encouraging - he stayed this way through both of my 8 week sessions thus far. If you are looking for a non-competitive, no pressure atmosphere that allows you to explore your range as an actor, this is definitely the class for you. Josh has a variety of tactics to break individuals out of their shells. He is even willing to introduce you to his contacts in New York City after you feel ready. I will definitely be taking another class at Laguardia Acting School in the future. Be prepared to meet an eclectic group of people when taking this class - it'll be the time of your life.
Karla P
One word AMAZING...I always wanted to take acting lessons and honestly didn't know where to start. From after just one phone call I knew LaGuardia was the school for me!... Josh was very professional and explained everything the school has to offer. From just after the first class I knew I made the right decision. Words can't even do justice about how LaGuardia has changed my life!. Josh teaches every aspect of the business. There is no stone unturned. He is an amazing, talented teacher/mentor. He makes sure every student understands the business. Each class I meet another talented performer and you learn every single time. We all are very supportive and it really is like a family!. I have taken several classes with LaGuardia and I plan on taking many more in the upcoming year. So if you are thinking of become and actor or just want to get your feet wet. Look no further call LaGuardia Acting. It will change your life forever...!!! I am proud to say I am a student of LaGuardia Acting!!!~~~Karla Post~~~ 12/18/2011
Vanessa Ashley
So glad I decided to sign up for classes with LaGuardia Acting. Josh is straight forward, professional, and fun. He offers an environment to really explore what you are capable of as an actor. He is encouraging and willing to work with you in any way he can. As a working actor, he helps those less experienced to get a good idea of what it's like to be in the industry. I've taken the beginner and advanced class and even met with an agent which was all a great learning experience. LaGuardia's classes have helped me to be more confident as an actor and I highly recommend Josh's classes if you'd like to explore if acting is for you.
Charles B
If you want to learn acting, this is definitely the school! Joshua is not only a talented actor, writer, film and theatre director, but an amazing teacher as well! His classes are small for personal attention, covers many facets of the acting business, and offers a lot of support for your growth as an actor. I feel he genuinely wants his students to succeed as actors and he will go above and beyond to help you find your way. Everything advertised at the Laguardia Acting Studio website is true! You will get detailed instruction in commercials, television, film, as well as in-depth scene studies with interesting screenplays written by Joshua himself. He has over 20 solid years experience in the acting business and his classes are a lot of fun! Take his Intro to Acting 101 class, you will not be disappointed!!
Joshua Nelson epitomizes the qualities an instructor should have. The small classes make for a very comfortable feel from the first class. Josh delivers a very realistic outlook on what to expect from the acting industry and how to approach all the processes of booking work.
Contact LaGuardia Acting Studio
239 New Road
Parsippany, NJ 07054
BUILDING C - 1st Floor
Close to Routes
Classes and Schedules:
Same exact class as our live class only done online AND at a discounted rate!
For beginners and those with some experience
Learn all the Basics of Acting & The Acting Business
From On-Camera Commercials to Scene Study to Monologues & More...
Monday, September 28th at 7:30pm $135
Due do popular demand we are bringing back our Acting 303 class!!!!! A fantastic 8 week class that covers everything from audition prep to character work to advanced scene study to different techniques and much more
Acting 303 Dates TBD and is only $200
This one was so well received that we are bringing it back.
We are doing a 6 week Technique class where each week we will teach you about different acting methods and then you will have an opportunity to work on material using those techniques. If there is something out there that can make you a better actor or help you book a job, why the hell wouldn't you try it...and that's what we're doing.
Dates TBD $175
The 3D Class!!!! - New 2020 Class Schedule
Dates TBD
This is without a doubt our most unique class and potentially our most rewarding...
We call it the 3D Class
No, you're not making a 3D movie...But it's a Class...a Film & A Showcase.
First- it's an all original 8 week class that takes you into the spring. Following the 8 weeks, we will make a short film. It will be done so that each person will have their own little moment to shine.
This gives you on-camera experience, a film credit for your resume AND an IMDB Credit. THEN- Once the film is done with editing, we will be showing it to industry for them to give feedback on your performance.
Using the # 3 again- we will show it to an AGENT, a MANAGER AND a CASTING DIRECTOR.
The current agent, managher and casting director working with us on this LOVE the idea! They called it one of the best showcase ideas they have ever hears of.
8 Week Class, Filming, Resume Credit, IMDB Credit, Film will be watched and you will get feedback on your performance by an agent, manager and casting director. Fun, educationally, professionally rewarding...and literally a one time opportunity.
NO SCHOOL has ever done anything like this- and if they did they would charge 5 X what I am.
ALL of this for only $325
(PLEASE NOTE: Class is not for beginners)
Make a Scene for your REEL Class
Having a reel is now just as important and your headshot! A reel is the most requested thing that any agent, manager or casting director ask for...and you see how important it is for sites like Actors Access! But the problem is, how do you get footage for a reel and then, how do you get GOOD Footage!! And it gives you experience in front of the camera!
This 6 week class lets you try different, personally crafted scenes each week, until we find the perfect scene FOR YOU that really showcases you the right way! Then we take a full day on a weekend and professionally film it and BAM- you now have an awesome scene for your reel! WHAT ELSE? Well, we also now put these scenes together and make a short film out of them getting you an IMDB credit and a film credit for your resume and maybe even getting you into some film festivals!!! Does you resume need a boost??
And yes, many actors have taken this class more than once because you can never have enough good footage!
This is not just a good acting class to find the best material for you but a wonderful way to advance your career And you leave the class with MANY scenes you can use for showcases.
6 week class AND filming is $250
Dates TBD
(Must be a current student to attend this class)
Upcoming classes in 2020
Film classes, Audition Prep Classes, On-Camera Classes and more
TEEN CLASSES: (Ages 12-16)
TEEN ACTING 101 CLASS Ages 12-16 - MONDAY CLASS
Learn all the Basics of Acting & The Acting Business
From On-Camera Commercials to Scene Study to Monologues & More...
Dates TBD
8 Week Class is $175
Acting 202 - Advanced Acting Class
Our advanced acting class that is covers numerous different acting concepts. A combination of scene study, improv and character development.
Dates TBD
8 Week Class - $195
TEEN FILM CLASS Starts Tuesday. Feb 3rd 6:30pm (SOLD OUT)
There are 4 ways to register:
1) Over the phone with any credit or debit card: 973-362-5783
We accept Visa, Mastercard, American Express & Discover.
2) Online with PAYPAL
Click the PAYPAL button to make an online payment using a credit card or PayPal account.
3) You can always drop off cash in person in advance as long as the class isn't sold out
4) @Laguardiaactingstudio
Please note: There are no refunds. If you cannot take a class you paid for we are happy to offer you a credit for any future class.


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20 Emma Watson Pixie Cuts
From Hermione's frizzy mane to that striking post-Potter pixie crop: Emma Watson is a hair hero. The former Harry Potter actress has grown up in the public eye with grace, elegance, modesty, and style. In 2010, Harry Potter celeb Emma Watson made the chop in a big way, revealing a shockingly stylish pixie cut she called "liberating." And now, a look back at some of her best pixie haircut moments. See all her hair and beauty 20 Emma Watson Pixie Cuts looks here. Seriously, each one is more gorgeous than the last.


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There's a remarkable piece in today's Sunday Times in which Kevin Pringle (the SNP's erstwhile spin-doctor-in-chief) admonishes us silly Scots who keep casting our eyes back, those of us who ponder the fact that we dodged a bullet by voting No in last year's Independence Referendum. He asserts simply:
pointing to glaring inconsistencies between what was said before the referendum would be the case, and what has actually happened afterwards [is] pointless and irrelevantYou've got to admire the chutzpah of a man who can write that statement. It's obvious to even the most casual observer why a cheerleader for the SNP would rather we didn't look back at the case they presented; the SNP will be seeking our vote in May 2016, so of course they'd like us to think it "pointless and irrelevant" that they tried to persuade us to vote Yes on the basis of a false prospectus.
But he doesn't leave it there. He may no longer be employed by the SNP but old habits die hard and a spin-doctor's gotta spin. So - having asserted we shouldn't - he proceeds to cast his eyes back to try and score some rather weak points around risks to HMRC jobs and orders for type-26 frigates. There's an obvious "have your cake and eat it" hypocrisy to this rhetorical ploy and both of these are far more nuanced issues than he suggests - but I don't want to get bogged down in those arguments here. I want to focus instead on the following astonishing statement:
On the back of the plummeting price of oil, Unionist parties revel in the fact that North Sea revenues are only going to be £0.1 billion next year, compared to the £6.8-7.9 billion forecast in the independence white paper.
Of course, it should be pointed out that while the Scottish government's central assumption was for the oil price to be $110 a barrel at the time of independence, Westminster's department of energy and climate change predicted prices of $114-127 a barrel over the same period. And the Treasury publishes a monthly summary of figures produced by independent organisations - in May 2014 none of the 22 forecasters expected oil prices to fall to current levels, and 18 expected prices to remain above $100 a barrel in 2015.Let's put aside the childish suggestion that Unionist parties "revel" in the drop in North Sea revenues and focus on what he's doing here. The first paragraph refers to North Sea revenues, the second talks only of the oil price. He's relying on the fact that the casual reader will accept this elision, will allow North Sea revenue forecasts and oil price forecasts to be conflated into being effectively the same thing. Well they're not, as we'll come on to see.
We need to get one basic point clear first though: the UK Government relies on OBR forecasts and has done since it was established in 2010. The OBR - the Office for Budget Responsibility - the clue is in the name. If you want to budget responsibly you can't simply ignore it. Needless to say the Scottish Government's Independence White Paper did just that - it ignored the OBR's forecasts for North Sea revenues (whilst relying on them for the base case onshore assumptions)1.
Now if you read the second paragraph of that Pringle quote quickly you might have gained the impression that the White Paper was using the same assumptions as the UK Government. What he's actually asserting is that the White Paper oil price assumption of $110 a barrel was at the low end of the DECC assumptions that existed at the time. This is correct - I pointed out as much myself a year ago in "Oil & Gas: When Will We Ever Learn" - but it's not the same price assumption as the OBR were using. In March 2013 (fully 8 months before the White Paper was published) the OBR was assuming $97 for 2016-17 (revised to $97.4 in the OBR's Dec 2013 forecast)
But there'a bigger issue here. By focusing the reader's attention on the oil price assumptions he's distracting us from the actual oil tax revenue assumption. What's often overlooked here is that it's profit from North Sea production that is taxed by HMRC2 - so to get from oil price to North Sea tax revenue you also have to make assumptions about oil production volumes, production costs (hence profitability) and of course effective tax rates. So there are a lot of other assumptions we'd have to understand before we could judge whether the White Paper was in line with "Westminster" assumptions.
Fortunately we don't need to bother ourselves with the detail, we can cut to the chase by comparing the Scottish Government's White Paper revenue forecasts with contemporaneous OBR revenue forecasts. The chart below does just that: it compares the White Paper scenarios published in November 2013 with the OBR forecasts published in March and December 2013 and March 2014 (6 months before the referendum).
There is no ambiguity here: the White Paper was never using "Westminster" assumptions for oil and gas revenues. The White Paper explained its forecasting approach thus:
"we will plan Scotland's public finances and borrowing requirement on the basis of a cautious forecast for oil and gas revenue" - page 305You don't need the benefit of hindsight to know that those are the words of a false prospectus; the lower of two scenarios they presented was £2bn- 5bn higher than contemporaneous OBR forecasts.
That's not cautious, it's downright reckless3.
Pringle goes on to point out that nobody forecast a price crash as severe as that we've seen. As with all good spin this truthful observation invites an untruthful inference: if everybody was wrong you can't blame the SNP for being wrong. This is of course nonsense: the SNP used assumptions that were far more wrong than the OBR, at the same time as falsely asserting they were using cautious forecasts.
The fact that they presented two scenarios compounds this deceit. Anybody who understands planning knows scenarios are used to test a plan against a range of likely outcomes. Even a layman reading the White Paper would surely assume that the scenarios represent a reasonable range of probable outcomes. The authors were obviously aware of the OBR forecasts, so the only way using these scenarios could have been justified would have been if they'd labelled them "optimistic" and "hopelessly optimistic".
The bottom line here is that the shortfall between reality and the White Paper forecasts is £6.7bn to £7.8bn a year. To put that figure in context: £3bn a year is Scotland's share of the UK's total defence budget; our total Education and Training budget is £7.6bn; £7bn is £1,300 for every man, woman and child in Scotland. Against this figure most other arguments pale into insignificance. Let there be no doubt; if we'd voted Yes the people of Scotland would be facing far worse austerity than we are today. By choosing to continue to pool & share our resources with the rest of the UK, we dodged a bullet.
Mr Pringle and his fellow SNP cheerleaders discourage us from looking back on their false prospectus for one simple reason: if enough people look back and realise how close they came to leading us to economic disaster, they will be the ones getting the bullet come May 2016.
For completeness I've updated the graph to show how the OBR forecasts have progressed since the Referendum; nobody will be surprised to learn that they have continued their record of always turning out to have been optimistic. They were wrong, they were optimistic - but they weren't half as optimistic as the Scottish Government.
For added giggles I thought I'd include what Wings Over Scotland's Wee Blue Book had to say4 about the prospects for oil revenues. As I concluded in Wings and His Wee Blue Book of Errors; he was very very wrong indeed.
1. The White Paper mentions the OBR 5 times:
- page 602: explaining that OBR assumptions for UK onshore receipts have been used as the basis for projecting Scotland's
- page 603 (twice): explaining that OBR projections used for reserved social protection spending and onshore GDP
- page 604 and 605: explaining that the OBR projection for the total UK deficit is used for comparison purposes (which is of course inconsistent - if you choose to use a higher offshore projection for Scotland you should compare with a total UK figure using that higher projection ... but we'll let that pass).
3. The White Paper goes on to say "Production in Scottish waters could generate approximately £48 billion in tax revenue between 2012/13 and 2017/18 based on industry estimates of production and an average cash price of approximately 113 dollars per barrel" - page 510
4. On page 29 of the Wee Blue Book, having insisted that the UK government has been talking down oil (we now know the reverse was in fact true) he chooses to quote an academic who suggested "an independent Scotland's revenues in 2017-19 would be almost £32bn"


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A modern kitchen, separate spaces for adults and kids, teenager's retreats, media rooms, butler's pantries, outdoor living and entertaining, expansive master suites with luxurious ensuites, family spaces, studies, ducted cooling and heating, solar efficiency, and all the fantastic things that come in a brand-new home.
Many of which cannot be achieved in a renovation. Indeed, in many cases knock down rebuild can be far cheaper, easier and quicker then undertaking a renovation on an outdated home.
Champion Homes helps with all the Knock Down Rebuild Questions
In your knock down rebuild, Champion Homes will help you with all the important considerations like solar orientation, size and scale of the dwelling when looked at in relationship to neighbouring homes, council issue like setbacks, height, stormwater, BASIX and any heritage or conservation issues.
Heritage and conservation controls are especially important when considering knock down rebuild in the older suburbs of Sydney.
Our extensive range of designs can be easily customised to suit any size and shape of block. And all are easily adapted to maximise sunlight, views and lifestyle. We handle all council, heritage and conservation requirements, so 'Knockdown Rebuilding' has never been easier.
The road to building happiness is the very same road you've always lived on
Champion Homes understands the popularity of knock down rebuild when you consider no matter how much you may love your old home nothing compares to the excitement of getting the keys to and moving into a brand-new home.
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6 Reasons to Knock Down Rebuild Instead of Renovating
Whether you've outgrown your existing home, or perhaps have your eye on a particular suburb or street to buy into, the big decision remains; should you renovate or rebuild? It is easy to get caught up in the romance of renovating, particularly with the media's focus on DIY projects, but there are some genuine benefits choosing the knock down rebuild option.
Is a knock down rebuild for you?
1. Cost – Renovation or Rebuild?
When you watch TV it's easy to get taken away with the idea of renovation.
But when you take into consideration everything involved with a renovation – time finding the materials, demolishing with care, retaining and working around existing structural elements, health consideration like asbestos and mould, and all the things that can go wrong that romance quickly wears off.
Renovating quickly becomes an expensive, emotionally draining, and time consuming exercise, so unless there is a particular reason to do so (like significant heritage value of a home) it is easy to see why so many people are now opting to knock down rebuild.
And finally, when you realise that knocking down and old home and rebuilding a brand-new home probably costs a lot less per m2 than renovating, it becomes the intelligent choice.
Plus, you can choose and pick all the design elements just the same as you would in a renovation so you have all the fun and none of the hassles.
2. Less risk
Under the surface of any renovation lies challenges that you can never anticipate.
Unstable foundations, bad wiring, blocked up plumbing that needs replacing and just all sorts of dodgy building practices of the past poses risks that you cannot know when starting out on a renovation.
With a knock down rebuild you will have a contract subject to the terms and conditions of the contract and a good idea of how long it will take. This gives you control and confidence in the outcome.
3. Energy efficiency
Environmental and cost considerations are high on the list of a new home build. When older homes were built, people didn't think as much about these things and it is almost impossible to make an old home as efficient as a new one, even with an extensive renovation. Brand new homes focus on making the most of natural light, allowing breezes to flow through and cool the home, the best orientation on the block and use of energy efficient materials. This saves you money in the long term.
4. Time
No one really knows how long it's going to take to renovate a house because of the issues we've outlined above but with a knock down rebuild you will have a very good idea of how long the process with take from the beginning. This gets you back in your home as quick as possible, and saves your family's sanity.
5. No compromise
With a brand new knock down rebuild you can achieve all your hopes and dreams for a new home in one go. You'll have the perfect modern kitchen, perfect sized rooms, the right room for the right family member and beautiful new design elements. You'll love your new Champion Home.
6. Location
The best thing about a knock down rebuild is that you get to stay living and sharing in your existing community, with all the friendships you and your family have built up. This means less stress and more connection. You'll be in the location you want and the dream home you deserve.


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Comparison of Bare-Metal Stenting With Minimally Invasive Bypass Surgery for Stenosis of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery10-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Trial
Author + information
- Received September 14, 2012
- Accepted September 27, 2012
- Published online January 1, 2013.
Author Information
- Stephan Blazek, MD⁎,
- David Holzhey, MD†,
- Camelia Jungert, BSc⁎,
- Michael A. Borger, MD, PhD†,
- Georg Fuernau, MD⁎,
- Steffen Desch, MD⁎,
- Ingo Eitel, MD⁎,
- Suzanne de Waha, MD⁎,
- Philipp Lurz, MD⁎,
- Gerhard Schuler, MD⁎,
- Friedrich-Wilhelm Mohr, MD† and
- Holger Thiele, MD⁎,⁎ (thielh{at}medizin.uni-leipzig.de)
- ↵⁎Reprint requests and correspondence:
Dr. Holger Thiele, Deputy Director, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig–Heart Center, Strümpellstrasse 39, 04289 Leipzig, Germany
Objectives The aim of this prospective, randomized trial was to assess the 10-year long-term safety and effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery (MIDCAB) for the treatment of proximal left anterior descending (LAD) lesions.
Background Long-term follow-up data comparing PCI and MIDCAB surgery for isolated proximal LAD lesions are sparse.
Methods Patients with significant isolated proximal LAD stenoses were randomized either to PCI with bare-metal stents (n = 110) or MIDCAB (n = 110). At 10 years, data were obtained with respect to the primary endpoint (death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization). Angina was assessed by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification.
Results Follow-up was conducted for 212 patients at a median time of 10.3 years. There were no significant differences in the binary primary composite endpoint (47% vs. 36%; p = 0.12) and hard endpoints (death and infarction) between PCI and MIDCAB. However, a higher target vessel revascularization rate in the PCI group (34% vs. 11%; p < 0.01) was observed. Clinical symptoms improved significantly from baseline and were similar between both treatment groups.
Conclusions At 10-year follow-up, PCI and MIDCAB in isolated proximal LAD lesions yielded similar long-term outcomes regarding the primary composite clinical endpoint. Target vessel revascularization was more frequent in the PCI group.
- bypass surgery
- left anterior descending artery
- long-term follow-up
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- stent
Previous trials have demonstrated that clinical prognosis in patients with untreated high-grade proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery is poor due to the large territory of myocardium at risk (1,2).
Established treatment options are conventional bypass grafting, minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) either with bare-metal stents (BMS) or drug-eluting stents (DES) (3–6). In randomized trials (using BMS) and a meta-analysis comparing stenting versus MIDCAB, a significantly higher reintervention rate after PCI and similar results for mortality and myocardial infarction at 6-month follow-up have been demonstrated (4,7,8). At 5-year follow-up, these results were confirmed (9).
To further elucidate advantages or disadvantages of PCI against MIDCAB in the long term, we report the 10-year follow-up of the largest randomized, prospective trial comparing MIDCAB surgery with PCI using BMS for treatment of patients with isolated lesions of the proximal LAD.
The detailed design of this trial has been described previously (4). In summary, patients with isolated high-grade lesions (≥75% diameter stenosis on visual assessment, no total occlusion, no bifurcation lesion of the left main and the first diagonal branch) of the proximal LAD were included. A cardiac surgeon and a cardiologist had to find a consensus on patient eligibility. Balanced randomization was performed after written informed consent and patients were assigned to stenting or surgery.
Exclusion criteria were acute coronary syndromes, additional significant coronary lesions, significant valvular heart disease, and previous interventional or surgical treatment for coronary artery disease. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee.
Stenting procedure
Stenting with BMS was performed according to standard practice (4). Patients received aspirin 100 mg/day indefinitely and ticlopidine or clopidogrel for 4 weeks (following a loading dose the day before the procedure).
Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery
MIDCAB surgery was performed through a left anterolateral minithoracotomy on the beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass (4). The left internal thoracic artery was used as bypass graft. Aspirin (100 mg/day) treatment was recommended indefinitely.
Data were collected by a structured patient interview at 5 years—results have been published previously (9)—and again 10 years after randomization. Reported clinical events were confirmed by contact with the general practitioner, referring cardiologist, and/or the treating hospital. Death was defined as death from any cause. Death was regarded as cardiac in origin unless obvious noncardiac causes could be identified. In case of any doubt, death was counted as cardiac. For in-hospital periprocedural myocardial infarction, the previously chosen definition was used with increase of the creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) value 3× the normal value or if the ratio of CK-MB to total CK exceeded 0.1 (4). At follow-up, the standard universal definitions of myocardial infarction criteria were applied (10).
Any new revascularization by either PCI or bypass grafting was further divided into target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization (TVR), and nontarget vessel revascularization categories. For stent thrombosis definition, the Academic Research Consortium criteria were applied (11).
The initial study protocol at 6-month follow-up mandated a complete clinical work-up, including symptom-limited exercise stress test and coronary angiography. For asymptomatic patients, no further scheduled routine noninvasive or invasive studies were performed at long-term follow-up. Repeated interventions were clinically driven and performed in case of recurrence of angina and/or a positive stress test. Quantitative angiography was not performed in these patients, except for the mandatory initial 6-month angiography. The choice of all recurrent revascularization procedures was left to the discretion of the investigator.
All events were adjudicated by an event monitoring committee consisting of an experienced cardiologist and cardiovascular surgeon.
The primary composite endpoint was freedom from major adverse cardiac events (MACE), defined as death from any cause, myocardial infarction, and the need for repeated TVR. Secondary endpoints were each individual component of the primary endpoint. For the combined MACE rate, to avoid double counting of patients with more than 1 event, each patient contributed only once to the composite MACE endpoint and the first occurring event was counted regardless of severity. The clinical status was assessed by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society's classification, and the need for antianginal drugs at 10-year follow-up was documented.
Statistical analysis
The initial sample size chosen to achieve 95% statistical power with a type I error of 5% by use of 2-sided Fisher exact test was based on the assumption that 30% of the patients treated by stenting with BMS and 9% treated by MIDCAB surgery would reach the combined primary endpoint. Accounting for losses to follow-up, 10 more patients in each group were included, resulting in 220 randomized patients. All analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Patients lost to follow-up were included in the analysis until their last known status. Continuous parameters were described as mean ± SD or as median (interquartile range [IQR]) if not normally distributed. Categorical variables were expressed as number and percentage of patients. Differences between the treatment groups were assessed by Fisher exact test or the chi-square test for categorical variables with nominal scales. For continuous data with normal distribution, unpaired Student t test was used.
Additionally, exploratory landmark analyses using the Kaplan-Meier method were performed for the primary composite endpoint, myocardial infarction, and TVR. The landmark was chosen at 7 months; therefore, the first analysis covers the period from 0 to 7 months and the second the period from 7 months to 10 years. The rationale for choosing the 7-month landmark was that it became evident that most TVR events in the PCI group occurred early during the first months of follow-up. Any patient with an event before the 7-month landmark was excluded from further analysis for the second period regarding the composite endpoint. For the TVR landmark analysis, those patients with prior TVR or death were excluded.
The statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (version 17.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). A 2-tailed p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Between June 1997 and June 2001, 220 consecutive patients with isolated proximal LAD stenosis were randomized to either surgery (n = 110) or stenting (n = 110). Initially, 71% of patients had type B2 or C lesions and the percentage diameter stenosis was 82.8 ± 7.8%. All patients received the assigned treatment. The 10-year long-term follow-up was completed for 212 patients (96%). Despite intensive effort, long-term follow-up information could not be obtained for 8 patients. For survival analysis, data until their last known status were used; median follow-up time was 10.3 years (IQR: 9.4 to 11.4 years) (Fig. 1).
Baseline characteristics were not significantly different between the treatment groups and have been published previously (4).
Primary composite endpoint
In the binary event analysis at 10 years, there was no significant difference in the incidence of the combined primary endpoint in PCI versus MIDCAB (relative risk: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62 to 1.05; p = 0.12) (Table 1). However, when a time-to-event analysis was used, the difference in event rates was statistically significant (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.98; p = 0.04) (Fig. 2A).
Landmark analysis showed that this difference was mainly driven by a higher event rate in the PCI group in the first months (period 0 to 7 months: HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.57; p < 0.01) (Fig. 2B). In contrast, for the period from 7 months to 10 years, the difference between the event curves was no longer statistically significant (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.71 to 2.3; p = 0.40) (Fig. 2C).
The binary incidence of each individual endpoint at 10-year follow-up is shown in Table 1.
Secondary endpoints
In the PCI group, the need for TVR was significantly higher compared with that of the MIDCAB group at 10 years (34% vs. 11%, p < 0.01) (Table 1). This was also true when a time-to-event method of analysis was used (Fig. 3A).
Landmark analysis revealed that this difference was largely caused by a higher TVR rate in the first analysis period from 0 to 7 months (HR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.47; p < 0.01) (Fig. 3B), whereas in the second period from 7 months to 10 years, the difference in event curves was no longer significant (HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.22 to 2.23; p = 0.53) (Fig. 3C).
Some patients had multiple TVRs. The mean number of TVR events per patient in the stenting group who had repeated revascularization was 1.37 ± 0.69 (26 patients had 1, 8 had 2, 1 had 3, and 1 had 4 TVRs). Overall, in the interventional group, 49 TVRs were performed in 36 patients (30 [83%] PCIs, 4 [11%] surgical, 2 [6%] PCIs and surgical).
In the surgical group, 8% required TVR at 6-month follow-up; additional revascularization was necessary in 1% at 5-year follow-up and increased by another 1% at long-term follow-up. The mean number of TVRs per patient in the MIDCAB group was 1.18 ± 0.60. A total of 13 TVRs (9 [69%] PCIs and 4 [31%] surgical) were performed in 11 patients in the surgery group (10 patients had 1 and 1 patient had 3 TVRs).
Proximal LAD restenosis or bypass dysfunction with a necessity for target lesion revascularization occurred in 33 patients in the PCI group and 9 in the MIDCAB group (30% vs. 9%, p < 0.001).
Nontarget vessel revascularization procedures at 10-year follow-up were necessary in 19 patients in the stenting group and 12 in the MIDCAB group (17% vs. 11%, p = 0.24), reflecting the progressive nature of coronary artery disease.
Death and Myocardial Infarction
All-cause mortality did not differ between the 2 treatment groups at 10-year follow-up (PCI 23% vs. MIDCAB 23%, p = 1.00) (Table 1). In addition, cardiac death rates were similar (Table 1). The cardiac deaths in the stenting group included 1 death from unknown cause, 2 infarctions, and 6 deaths due to congestive heart failure. The 10 cardiac deaths after surgery included 2 perioperative deaths and 1 death at follow-up from unknown cause. Three patients died of heart failure and 4 of acute myocardial infarction.
The rate of myocardial infarctions was not statistically different between stenting and surgery at 10-year follow-up (5% vs. 11%, p = 0.08). Landmark analysis showed, despite the numerical higher event rates in the MIDCAB group, no statistically significant differences in the 0 to 7 months period (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.14 to 2.48; p = 0.49) or 7 months to 10 years period (HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.06 to 1.39; p = 0.10).
Except for 2 definitive stent thromboses at 6-month follow-up, no subacute or late stent thromboses were observed at longer follow-up in the PCI group.
Anginal Symptoms and Antianginal Medication
After PCI, the median Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification score improved from 2 (IQR: 2 to 3) to 0 (IQR: 0 to 1) (p < 0.01) at 10-year follow-up, and 69% of the patients were completely free from angina. In the surgery group, the median angina class improved from 2 (IQR: 2 to 3) to 0 (IQR: 0 to 1) (p < 0.01 for the comparison with baseline), with 65% of patients free of anginal symptoms (p = 0.77 for the intergroup comparison).
The rate of antianginal medication was not different at 10-year follow-up (20% vs. 19%, p = 0.99). Use of additional cardiac medication was similar between the 2 treatment groups (Table 2).
To the best of our knowledge, this prospective, randomized study is the first to compare long-term results at 10 years in patients with isolated lesions of the proximal LAD treated by either PCI with BMS or MIDCAB surgery. No significant differences in the composite endpoint and individual "hard" endpoints, such as death and myocardial infarction, could be found between both treatment groups. However, consistent with short- and midterm follow-up results, there was a significantly lower TVR rate in favor of the surgery group. In the time frame of the landmark analysis from 7 months to 10 years, no significant differences in the primary composite endpoint and secondary endpoints could be observed.
Several clinical trials have demonstrated an initial higher complication rate in cardiac surgery due to perioperative risk, which at 6-month follow-up is offset by the stenting group due to the higher rate of TVR (7,8). At longer follow-up, the MACE rates align, which is reflected in Figure 2. Notably, the higher TVR rate in the stenting group was primarily driven during the first 6 months, as demonstrated in Figure 3. An important reason for the higher TVR rate in the PCI group might have been the use of BMS and the mandatory follow-up angiography at 6 months. Routine angiographic follow-up leads to additional revascularizations in comparison with sole clinical follow-up (12,13).
Previous studies have shown restenosis rates up to 50% (7,8) in proximal LAD stenoses, and proximal LAD lesion location has been identified as a risk factor for restenosis after BMS implantation (14). Since the introduction of DES, restenosis rates have been dramatically reduced in comparison with BMS for all lesion subsets in short- (15) as well as midterm follow-up (6,16). Importantly, with DES, the proximal LAD lesion location is no longer an isolated risk factor for restenosis (5,17,18). Moreover, second-generation DES seem to reduce the risk of in-stent restenosis at any location even further in comparison with first-generation DES, with target lesion revascularization rates ranging from only 2.2% to 3.1% versus 4.6% to 5.5% (16,19). MACE rates might also be lower by using second-generation compared with first-generation DES (5% to 6% vs. 9%) (16,19) as well as mortality at 2-year follow-up (16). Thus, the use of DES might close the gap in repeat revascularization compared with MIDCAB for significant proximal LAD disease. Of note, in the present study, there was a high prevalence of type B2 and C lesions, which are well known for their higher in-stent restenosis rates in comparison with type A and B1 lesions (20,21).
It should also be noted that the present study was performed with earlier generations of coronary artery stabilization devices for MIDCAB surgery and reflects early experience with this technique. We have previously demonstrated that a learning curve for MIDCAB surgery exists, with fewer complications occurring with increasing operator experience (22). Therefore, TVR rates may be lower for both PCI and MIDCAB in a more contemporary setting.
The effect of PCI with DES versus MIDCAB surgery in proximal LAD lesions has been evaluated in only 1 randomized clinical trial showing noninferiority of DES in comparison with MIDCAB surgery at 12-month follow-up (5). However, the value of each treatment option needs to be further clarified in future randomized trials with longer follow-up.
The lack of a significant difference in mortality or myocardial infarction rates between PCI and surgery observed in the present study is in line with other trials in patients with isolated proximal LAD coronary artery lesions (23,24).
Relief of angina was preserved at 10-year long-term follow-up. In the PCI group, 69% of the patients were free from angina, and in the MIDCAB group, 65% were also free of angina. Similar results have been published for proximal LAD lesions in other trials ranging from 61% to 94% for PCI and also for surgery (24–26).
Several studies have demonstrated the long-term patency of internal mammary arterial grafting and its superiority compared with vein grafts anastomosed to the LAD in terms of survival, freedom from infarction, angina, and repeated revascularization (22,27). There is evidence that the duration of benefit extends for >10 years; therefore, long-term follow-up of revascularization trials is essential to further evaluate the magnitude of benefit over time (27,28).
Study limitations
Some limitations of the present trial need attention. First, some events might have been missed due to 7 patients being lost to long-term 10-year follow-up. Also, results are from a single high-volume tertiary care center and may not be generalizable. Due to the trial design, blinding was not possible. Finally, both PCI and MIDCAB techniques have improved over time, and DES use is the current gold standard in patients undergoing PCI of the proximal LAD. Therefore, the results of this long-term analysis may not be applicable to current best practice.
At the 10-year follow-up, stenting with BMS or MIDCAB for isolated proximal LAD lesions was associated with similar long-term outcomes regarding hard endpoints (death and infarction) and the combined composite endpoint at the cost of a higher TVR rate in the PCI group mainly within the first 6 months.
The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose. Drs. Blazek and Holzhey contributed equally to this paper. Drs. Mohr and Thiele should be considered as shared senior authors.
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- bare-metal stent(s)
- confidence interval
- creatine kinase-myocardial band
- drug-eluting stent(s)
- hazard ratio
- interquartile range
- left anterior descending
- major adverse cardiac events
- minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- target vessel revascularization
- Received September 14, 2012.
- Accepted September 27, 2012.
- American College of Cardiology Foundation
- ↵
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- Jacobs S.,
- et al.
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Viper 88 wrote:Question: Going to be a first time dining pass holder and was wondering if they still let you upgrade from items like say regular funnel cake to funnel cake sundae for a small additional fee? Does everyone have to stand in line to get their food or snack or can one do it for the group? Also does anyone know how much the all season drink bottle is going to be for 2018, and is there going to be a coupon for it loaded onto the 2018 pass?
For what it's worth, it's 1.07 to upgrade from single burger to a double! I was extremely pleased when I did that the first time. Also, if you buy the Premium Dining pass, I think the drink bottle is included.


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The 2015 football season began last Friday night and Shepard's squad beat Niles North in Skokie for a non-conference game.
Before that challenge, the Astros faced another challenge.
For the past couple of weeks, the phenomenon of having people take the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge has blazed across the world thanks to social media. Everyone from Michael Jordan to former President George W. Bush have had buckets of ice water dumped on their heads to support finding a cure for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis — commonly known as ALS and more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
That brings us to a football practice last month on the Shepard campus in Palos Heights.
Student athlete Mark Albrecht dared his teammates and coaches to participate in the Ice Bucket Challenge.
The dousing produced hoots, hollers and hilarity among a bunch of emotional teenage boys.
But more important, the cold drenchings warmed the hearts of two Shepard assistant coaches.
Ryan McGuire and Brendan Meany lost family and friends to ALS and the players' gestures meant a lot to the two of them.
"I know someone who personally lost a battle to this disease. It is great to see the response that our students, athletes and our community have shown. It's just another great example of excellence at Shepard," McGuire said in a news release.
Meany agreed.
"As someone who lost a family friend to ALS this year, it was an honor to be part of the ice bucket challenge,'' he said in a news release. "And it was awesome to see our kids so excited about such a noble cause."
Head coach Dominic Passolano's splashdown caused the most noise among the players.
"It was awesome to see our kids take the initiative in helping others and have a clear understanding about the cause," the coach said in a statement. "It was a great way to help bring awareness to ALS, a nice way to kick the school year off and bring our school community together."
ALS, which is fatal and has no cure, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord.
Now for the challenges ahead…
Passolano, a former Providence Catholic player, came to the school in 2009 and the Astros made the playoffs just once in the previous 14 years. He took the team to the postseason four times in his first four years before last year's 0-9 finish.
The team hosts Marian Sept. 5 before heading to the South Suburban Red Conference.


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The great and good of Hounslow gathered at the Civic Centre yesterday to welcome the latest Victoria Cross medal holder to move to the borough.
The arrival of a Ghurka war hero Lachhiman Gurung VC means the borough has the unique honour of being the only authority in the country to be home to two living VC holders.
Council leader Peter Thompson said: "It is an honour and source of great pride for Hounslow to have these real heroes living here."
"One of the strengths of this borough is that we have people from all over the world who have made it their home and I am sure that your small but industrious community will contribute to creating with us a stronger and more united borough."
Mr Gurung was officially welcomed at a ceremony in the council chamber by the Mayor, Genevieve Hibbs. He joins Tul Bahadur Pun VC, who has lived in Hounslow for several years.
Actress Joanna Lumley, who has been championing Gurkha's rights, sent a message of support.
"Hounslow is setting a grand example by this generous gesture, so richly deserved by a faithful friend and a gallant soldier whose bravery is immeasurable," she said.
"Have a wonderful day as you welcome a legend in your midst."
For more on VC Gurung's incredible story and pictures from the ceremony see next week's Chronicle


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Class 10th to 12th
AIR 4 to 10
Cash Prize
Rs 15,000,
28 Prizes
Cash Prize
Rs 21,000,
35 Prizes
AIR 11 to 20
Cash Prize
Rs 10,000,
40 Prizes
Cash Prize
Rs 11,000,
50 Prizes
AIR 21 to 50
Cash Prize
Rs 8,100,
120 Prizes
Cash Prize
Rs 9,100,
150 Prizes
AIR 51 to 100
Cash Prize
Rs 5,100,
200 Prizes
Cash Prize
Rs 7,100,
250 Prizes
AIR 101 to 150
Cash Prize
Rs 3,100,
200 Prizes
Cash Prize
Rs 3,100,
250 Prizes
State Rank 1
Cash Prize 4,100
State Rank 2
Cash Prize 3,100
State Rank 2
Cash Prize 2,100
Test City 1
Cash Prize 1,100
School Topper
Cash Prize 1,100
*Terms & Conditions apply:
1. In case any student wins more than one award from above categories, he/she will be entitled for any one Award of higher worth only.
2. State and Test Centre Topper Award is valid only if participation is 100 students in each category (one or more category).
3. School Topper is valid with minimum participation of 25 students in each category (one or more category).
4. Tie Breaker:
In case of more than one participating student secures equal aggregate marks in STaRT Exam then a higher rank shall be given by comparing scores individually in the subjects in decreasing priority order of:
Mathematics, General Science (P,C,B), Mental Ability for Class 6th to 10th
Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry for Class 11th & 12th Mathematics Stream.
Biology, Physics, Chemistry for Class 11th & 12th Biology Stream.
If individual scores in all the subjects are also equal then the student younger age wise shall be given higher (better) rank.
5. Award/Prize Money will be transferred directly in Student's Bank Account. In case, Student doesn't have his/her own bank account, Amount can be transferred in Parent's account only.
6. Students or Parents has to do Paytm Payment Bank KYC. The process will be executed by Paytm team in school. KYC is mandatory for STaRT applicants.
7. Students using unfair means to enhance the performance will be disqualified from STaRT & future editions of the event. The refund of participation fee etc. shall not be applicable in this case.
8. All the prizes are non-transferable in terms of person or prize title.
9. A lower class student can participate for higher class but higher class student can not participate for lower class.
10. Registration fee for STaRT in Non-refundable.
11. It is must to attend the felicitation function to claim the prizes for Top 10 students . Felicitation function dates will be communicated along with the result.


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AVAILABILITY: In stock
Concorde Scratch – especially developed for scratch and back-cueing
As implied by the name, the Scratch is intended especially for the disciplines of scratch and back-cueing.
It is made of a fluorescent neon-red material with the intention it becoming highly apparent in spotlight and luminous in ultraviolet light. For DJs that require increased tracking ability, the Scratch is up to the task.
AVAILABILITY: In stock
The Ortofon-Serato S-120 represents a completely new way of constructing and designing cartridges. Its breakthrough technology has been designed to provide maximum freedom for DJ performance. An innovative technology, called asymmetric suspension, takes the cartridge performance to the next level.
AVAILABILITY: In stock
The Pro S has a spherical diamond stylus which minimizes scratching and a solid cantilever which can survive hectic activity at the turntable.
No matter what the application, the Pro S provides remarkable versatility for virtually any setting.
AVAILABILITY: In stock
Ortofon Concorde MKll Twin Mix
• Provides great performance and durability. It has a good quality spherical stylus, a solid cantilever, and serves general purposes well.
• It offers both reasonable output, high sound quality and a good tracking ability for virtually any style of music.
AVAILABILITY: In stock
The Concorde Scratch allows turntablist and scratching DJs to achieve new levels of performance with an unprecedented tracking ability and extra high output.
• The SCRATCH is intended especially for scratching and back-cueing. The SCRATCH uses spherical styli, as they preserve more of the groove over backcueing and scratching.
• For DJs that require increased tracking ability, the SCRATCH is up to the task. The Scratch has a supreme ability to trace the grooves of the records and it is tailored specifically for scratch.


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If you haven't checked it out, head on over to iheartfaces to see all the inspiring photographs. The theme this week is from a distance. There are so many great images. You should definitely go have a look. Here is my contribution:)
Monday, June 6, 2011
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We won't lie, we love wine.
It excites us, and its one of those topics that we think you can never stop learning about. So when the team at Montalto on Victoria's Mornington Peninsula invited us to develop and produce a bunch of content about wine with award winning winemaker Simon Black and wine guru Anthony Jones. We were stoked!
What we did:
We filmed for a day at the winery with their people talking about what they know best, and learning heaps. Then we brought it into the edit suite and made it sparkle so that their tribe could learn too! (We also knocked up some super cool food content and Bio's of the team too.)
Where can we find it?
The Montalto website is updated with education regularly which often includes some of our work.


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"Fear for the health and future of their children is one of the most acute psychological problems in the affected communities. Mothers don\'t worry about themselves, they just want to make sure that their children are properly checked and stay healthy", sa
Nearly a decade and a half after the world's worst nuclear disaster, millions of people in the three affected countries - Belarus, Russia and Ukraine - continue to live in the shadow of radioactive contamination. These people are still suffering from the Chernobyl's greatest long-term health impact: psychological traumas.
People are suffering from anxiety and depression aggravated by the communities' lack of confidence in their future. Chernobyl is an ongoing human drama. Displacement and economic difficulties make life unbearable for the resettled population and especially for lonely elderly.
"When speaking about Chernobyl and the worsening health situation of the population, one should not consider the radiological factor alone. Other things should be also seriously considered. First of all, stress and confusion related to the forced evacuation - whole communities had to leave forever their native places, where they had spent their lives and where they had to leave behind the graves of their loved ones. Second, after the accident the lives of the people were limited by a series of restrictions - they couldn't walk in the forests, swim in the lakes or pick mushrooms and wild berries. Third, people simply didn't know anything about radiation and didn't understand the danger. They were very scared and confused. So, this added greatly to the stress and shock and influenced badly their health ", says Vladimir Masyakin, Chief of the Mobile Units of the Gomel regional specialised dispensary (Radiation Medicine Centre).
"The psychological traumas may not be as evident as the physical destruction of people's homes. However, the recovery from them often takes far longer. The emotional damage to people is a terrible thing and it is really diminishing the quality of life", he adds.
In 1997, the Red Cross initiated a psycho-social project in Belarus in the framework of the Federation's Chernobyl Humanitarian Assistance and Rehabilitation Programme. It was extended to include Ukraine in 1998 and to Bryansk Oblast, one of the worst affected areas in the Russian Federation in 1999. The psycho-social support project was intended primarily for people with severe emotional disturbances caused by a crisis situation like detection of severe thyroid gland pathologies, including cancer. It is designed to help people resolve their anxieties and thereby restore their ability to take control of their lives again. "The activities to develop the population's ability to cope with a crisis situation and stress management include education and training of the Red Cross mobile teams and of the Red Cross volunteers to enable them to give psychological support to the most vulnerable as well as training of the affected population in self-help techniques to manage stress," explains Slava Otchick, co-ordinator of the Chernobyl Humanitarian Assistance and Rehabilitation Programme.
"An important part of the psycho-social support consists in providing information and adequate training for the affected population through lectures, newspaper articles, radio and TV interviews. Clear, simple and reliable information on radiation and stress-related illness reduces anxiety caused by a lack of knowledge," he continues.
So far, nearly 250 Red Cross workers and volunteers have been trained in counselling skills and have provided psychological support to about 15,000 people. About 8,000 local people have attended general information sessions. Some are counselled by telephone and many more are reached through the mass media. Usually, the psychological support is provided by local Red Cross staff and volunteers at medico-social centres, at sites where the Red Cross Mobile Diagnostic Laboratories are situated or at people's homes.
The Red Cross Mobile Diagnostic Laboratories (MDL) are doing psycho-social counselling, along with a medical screening, helping people in remote communities to overcome their fears and restore their coping mechanisms. "People often come full of anxiety and tension. We are doing our best to help them and reduce the impact of these negative feelings. When people are told that they have thyroid nodules and referred for further
examinations, they are very scared of developing cancer - a natural human reaction. Fear for their health and for the future of their children is one of the most acute psychological problems in adult population. By explaining what will happen, by listening carefully to their problems and showing empathy, we help to relieve their pain." says Andrei Fitzura, endocrinologist of the Mogilev MDL.
"During our field trips to the affected areas we always try to give both practical medical advice as well as psychological support. We know that people in the rural areas are waiting for us and come to us willingly to share their concerns with us. Psycho-social support along with the medical screening can make all the difference to these people with no hope, as they often feel that they are forgotten and abandoned and have no bright spots in their lives," Andrei Fitzura adds.
Unlike many humanitarian projects, psychological support is not about relief distributions. Yet, it brings relief to the soul and mind. "The key issues in psychological support are interaction and the fact of being present - to create a feeling of security and hope. Support is not only based on material things or on implementing certain techniques, but also based on our relations to other human beings and our genuine interest in their problems. We can be supportive to others in handling their emotional chaos by ordinary actions - just by being good listeners and let them know that they are not alone", says Nina Bykova, chairperson of the Belarus Red Cross Mogilev regional branch.
"Psychological aid is the kind of support everyone can provide to others in critical life situations by using your own capacities and resources. In simple words, psychological support is about realising what you can do as a person and in this way contribute to make another person feel better. Besides, psychological support is a medicine you can't overdose," underlines Galina Sosnovskaya, a medical psychologist working at the Belarus Red Cross medico-social centre in Shabani, Chernobyl-evacuee district outside Minsk.
During meetings with the beneficiaries Red Cross workers and volunteers encourage them to express their emotions, share thoughts and make decisions in order to solve their problems. Active listening and emotional support are the main tools which the helpers use either on a person-to-person basis or by organizing group meetings. "Resettlers from Chernobyl's contaminated villages often feel rootless and useless in the alien environment of a city. Sometimes they simply need to talk to someone. These groups meetings allow people to share their experiences and break their loneliness and deep depression. The trauma of evacuation has been extremely difficult for many of the old people. Sometimes they return to live in the highly contaminated areas and people call them "self-settlers". So, being with others has a healing effect because isolation and stress will make these people's lives unbearable" says Margarita Shijka,, a Red Cross visiting nurse working at the medico-social centre in Mogilev city.
As part of the Appeal 2001 the International Federation is seeking 1,486,967 CHF to continue providing medical screening and psycho-social support through six Mobile Diagnostic Laboratories.
The psychological support is also being integrated into other programmes. In 2000, vulnerable members of the population were supported with psycho-social assistance by trained staff within the winter emergency operation and via the Visiting Nurses Service, TB and HIV/AIDS programmes. The ultimate goal of the project is to promote health and decrease social tension among the population.
The visibility of the Chernobyl disaster is getting lower and lower compared to all the more recent humanitarian emergencies occurring in the world. Mental health needs in the affected communities remain largely to be addressed and require adequate response. "Psychological aid is a powerful tool. Many of the unfortunate human costs of disasters and health crises can be avoided with appropriate and timely psychological support," says Karen Hvid, Danish health delegate working in the Minsk Delegation for the ECHO-funded Tuberculosis/Visiting Nurses programme.
About the IFRC
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is the world's largest humanitarian network and is guided by seven Fundamental Principles: Humanity, impartiality, neutrality, independence, voluntary service, universality and unity.
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Diversity Q & A
The Diversity Q and A is a collection of responses to questions about culture,
diversity and belief from several different Australians.
Some answers are provided as videos and others as text.
Show disclaimer
Click here for more Q&A for secondary students and older audiences
If you have other questions about culture, diversity or belief that you would like answered send us an email. A member of the Together For Humanity team will get back to you with their answer.


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Services for
Services for
What is a Declaration of Trust?
What is a Declaration of Trust?
Declarations of Trust are very useful documents when two or more people buy property jointly together.
The Declaration of Trust will set out each owner's share in the property. It also sets out the rights and obligations of each owner in relation to the property, for example, relating to payment of outgoings and mortgage contributions. The document details what should happen if one owner wishes to "walk away" from the property. In those circumstances, the opportunity is given to the remaining owner to buy out the share of the owner who wishes to leave. If a buy out does not happen then the property is placed on the open market. The Declaration of Trust can detail how the property's open market value should be determined in the event of any disagreement. The proceeds of sale of the property would then be distributed to the owners in the shares as recorded in the Declaration of Trust.
Example of a joint purchase with unequal shares
An unmarried couple, Anne and Barry, are purchasing a house together for £300,000. Anne is contributing £60,000 towards the purchase price, funded from the purchase of her flat. The rest of the purchase price will be funded by a mortgage. Barry does not have any cash to contribute to the purchase, but he will be contributing towards the mortgage equally with Anne. Anne and Barry can execute a Declaration of Trust stating that if the property is ever sold, Anne will receive her initial cash investment before any sale proceeds (after the mortgage has been redeemed) are divided equally between them.
Example of a property held in trust
Charles is purchasing a house in his sole name, with the intention that the property will be lived in by his daughter Deirdre. Charles intends that the property should be treated as Deirdre's and in effect is a gift from him to Deirdre. Charles can execute a Declaration of Trust stating that he holds the property on trust for Deirdre.
Example of the purchase of investment property and inheritance tax planning
Elliot and Fearne own an investment property, for which they receive rental income. In order to reduce their estates for inheritance tax, Elliot and Fearne would like to gift a percentage of the property to each of their children. This will also provide the children with a share of the rental income. Elliot and Fearne can carry out a Declaration of Trust each year to gift a percentage of the property to their children. The percentage would need to be calculated so that Elliot and Fearne each gift the maximum percentage possible without incurring any Capital Gains Tax liability. The Declarations of Trust should be updated annually so as to utilise Elliot and Fearne's annual Capital Gains Tax allowance.
Tax considerations when making a declaration of trust
There may be Inheritance Tax, Capital Gains Tax and Stamp Duty Land Tax implications to any of the above transactions; but with the correct advice Declarations of Trust are an invaluable tool in recording property ownership and tax planning.
Related Guides
Lead contacts
Kate Barker
Ask us about the benefits of creating a declaration of trust


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"If you always do what you always did, you will always get what you always got." (A. Einstein).
Engineers are nerds. Designers are hipsters. How are they supposed to mix? The first ones see numbers and squares to calculate. The second ones want to create forms to make you feel free. How can they be interested in the same things?
It's actually easy. There are technologies for designers, with which they can simulate the designed pieces without needing to prototype anything and the engineers can optimize weight, size, price and time to market. People use it to find new ways to design innovative products, from small items like a salt and pepper set to big products like a car.
The Conference CONVERGE 2016
Designing a snazzy desk with software? Really?
Converge 2016, a global conference series for designers, engineers, architects and all types of innovative product creators will demonstrate how this works along with the positive effects of the convergence of design and technology. Not only in theory, but with real life examples from industry experts, engineers, architects, and designers such as:
- Franco Cimatti, head of vehicle concepts and pre-development at Ferrari
- Il Hoon Roh, an internationally renowned artist and architect at Studio Il Hoon Roh
- Turi Cacciatore, industrial designer at Turi Cacciatore
- Kevin Shin, vice president industrial design at Altair
- Rafa Corell, CEO at Indigraf
- Salome Galjaard, senior designer at Arup
- Franck Mouriaux, general manager structures at RUAG Space
- Daniel Schneider, technical sales manager at Airbus APWorks
- Arjen Bender, design director at Philips
- Prof. Peter Zec, initiator and CEO Red Dot Design Award
The European edition of the conference takes place on September 20-21 in Essen.
The goal of the conference is to stimulate attendees and to explore the growing creative middle ground, shared by both designers and engineers. Enabled by new software, materials, and manufacturing technologies that are changing the way products are created, designers, architects, and engineers can now be even more innovative in their design and development processes than ever before.
The entire event is supported by several technology partners, presenting solutions for additive manufacturing, HPC, and product creation. One of the main global sponsors of the event series is EOS, the global technology and quality leader for high-end Additive Manufacturing (AM) solutions.
Dr. Adrian Keppler, CMO at EOS said about sponsoring the event: "EOS is proud to support this new CONVERGE conference program as a worldwide sponsor. The EOS Additive Manufacturing offerings are a perfect fit for this event that focuses equally on design and technology. Our technology enables a design-driven manufacturing process and as such opens up completely new design possibilities from Rapid Prototyping through to real part production. As the global technology and quality leader for high-end Additive Manufacturing solutions, EOS is happy to share our knowledge at CONVERGE."
The Master Classes
To provide attendees with deeper insights, CONVERGE will also offer four so called Master Classes. Each of those Master Classes will cover one of the following topics in depth:
How to Design for Additive Manufacturing – Convert Freedom into Added Value
This Master Class will be hosted jointly by Airbus APWorks, EOS, and solidThinking. The strengths of Additive Manufacturing lie in those areas where conventional manufacturing reaches its limitations. The technology is of interest when it requires a new approach to design and manufacturing which generates new solutions. While EOS and APWorks will be talking about the technology and manufacturing side of things, leveraging their expertise, gained from many years of experience in AM and practical use cases, solidThinking will give insights into how to benefit from additive manufacturing with optimized designs.
How to Start an Innovative Business – Leverage Crowd Funding and Simulation Driven Innovation
The Master Class on successful business foundation will be given by Vortex Bladeless and Altair. Vortex Bladeless was founded in 2013 with private capital and later supported via a crowd-funding campaign. The company's primary goal is to develop and market a new bladeless wind energy generator, "Vortex Bladeless." Altair has supported the project by providing software licenses and engineering services to be leveraged in the development process of this new kind of wind turbine. In this Master Class, Vortex will share insights on how to set up an innovative successful technology business supported via crowd funding and simulation driven innovation.
How to Face Design Reactivity Challenge – Master the Tools for Speed and Creativity
This Master Class will focus on design tools and methods. Frank Giese from Kraftraumdesign will describe the design steps from a sketch to perfect free-forms, Thomas Liebe from AD Rem Design and Ari Salonen from Fokus Design will share their insights on the design of beautiful and functional products for today and tomorrow.
How to Design Casted Products – Early and Quick Process Simulation
The Master Class about the design of casted products will focus on design guidelines and simulation processes that need to be considered when designing a product or component that will be manufactured using casting techniques. Kevin Smith from DMT will talk about opportunities for a joint application of casting & additive manufacturing, and solidThinking will present a simulation driven process including optimization, geometry generation and casting simulation with Inspire and Click2Cast.
The Conference Host
The host and organizer of the conference is solidThinking, a provider of design and engineering software solutions. The event will be opened by James Scapa, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer at Altair, parent company of solidThinking. In Mr. Scapa's Blog Post about CONVERGE on Altair's blog "Innovation Intelligence" on April 4th, 2016 he describes the motivation for an event series such as CONVERGE as follows: "We have a great software and consulting business, a global clientele, and a track record of putting on very impactful technical conferences. It would be easy for us to continue on our regular techno-centric conference path….but we aren't. We are doing solidThinking CONVERGE because we believe the best days of technology-driven product and experience creation are ahead of us."
The Global Converge 2016 locations and dates are:
Los Angeles, California, USA: September 8-9
Essen, Germany: September 20-21
Shanghai, China: September 27
Tokyo, Japan: October 14
Bangalore, India: November 16
Seoul, South Korea: November 18
Further global sponsors of the event series are Microsoft and Intel.
The experts from solidThinking, its partners EOS, Microsoft, and Intel as well as the hosts at Sanaa-Gebäude in Essen and the Red Dot Design Museum are looking forward to two inspiring days, all about innovative product creation, in Essen.
The European CONVERGE 2016 takes place at: Saana-Gebäude at Zeche Zollverein in Essen, Germany on September 20th and 21st. Take advantage of this opportunity to learn from the best and to share your experiences with fellow product creators.


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from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition.
- adjective Having definite and distinct lines or features.
- adjective Accurately and unambiguously stated or described.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
- adjective Having a clean and distinct
- adjective Accurately and precisely
describedor specified
- adjective mathematics, of a function, etc. Defined using
unambiguous axioms
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- adjective having a clean and distinct outline as if precisely cut along the edges
- adjective accurately stated or described
Sorry, no etymologies found.
The next crucial step is to allocate shares of that total limit to fishermen in individual quotas that are theirs and theirs alone (read: well-defined property rights).
Fishy Economics, Arnold Kling | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty
So a well-defined geographical property right still leaves some noise/risk in your possible catch.
Fishy Economics, Arnold Kling | EconLog | Library of Economics and Liberty
Each collection will be judged by the extent to which it represents a well-defined field of interest or theme.
In making contributions, you've urged me and others to suggest specific solutions to well-defined problems.
It also contains a number of well-defined performances: I was especially impressed by Mark Bonnar who lends Trofimov's radical vision of the future real urgency while also capturing the character's absurdity.
Her breasts were full, enticing, and her hips flared out from a well-defined waist.
Talking about Down Syndrome as a way of talking about Special Education is highly misleading – Down Syndrome is a well-defined, easily diagnosed biological condition.
We need to have a well-defined political language, similar to Europe.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel, The self-declared 'chancellor of all Germans' has been described as Frau Europe, the European dominatrix of international back-room deal-making, but now the chancellor wanes with poll ratings dropping daily, reputation in tatters, brushing off valid criticism for being foolhardily unpredictable in her stubbornness and offering hollow excuses, while demonstrating a lack of a well-defined image or clear identity, seen as aloof, apathetic, strangely indolent and removed.
His non-naturalistic, vivid colors and the well-defined, bold outlines of his paintings aren't so much to today's taste.