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Islamic Family
The Cham live in Vietnam and Cambodia. They are descendants of refugees from the ancient kingdom of Champa who fled central Vietnam 500 years ago. The ancient Cham were heavily influenced by India, as can be seen in their religion and art. Cham were fishermen, rice cultivators, and masters at temple construction. The remains of their religious monuments dot the landscape of Vietnam and Cambodia today.
From the sixteenth century on, the great Champa kingdom was gone. The Cham people were being persecuted and murdered by the Vietnamese. Numerous Cham fled central Vietnam for Cambodia, including a number of nobles and other dignitaries. Sometime in the seventeenth century the Cham were converted to Islam. The last royal Cham descendent died in the early 1900s.
In the twentieth century, the Cham were again the victims of massacre by the majority population, this time in Cambodia. From 1975 to 1979, Cambodia was ruled by the Khmer Rouge, communist extremists determined to erase all non-Khmer characteristics from the population. The Cham are believed to have been special targets of the Khmer Rouge.
The Cham were forced to adopt Cambodian language and customs and to abandon their own. Fishermen were forced to grow rice and dig canals, and religious leaders were stripped of their authority. Many were killed. In just two districts in Cambodia where Cham lived, over 40,000 Cham were killed by Khmer Rouge soldiers in the late 1970s. The Cham claim that over one hundred of their mosques were destroyed during the Khmer Rouge period.
In Vietnam, the Cham have fared better, but have also been subject to discrimination and ridicule, and to pressure to assimilate to Vietnamese society.
By the late 1800s, there were only small numbers of Cham—maybe as few as 15,000—living in both Vietnam and Cambodia. Their numbers increased rapidly, however. By 1975 there were between 150,000 and 200,000 Cham in Cambodia the about 150,000 in Vietnam. Currently there are between 400,000 and 1 million Cham in both countries.
In Vietnam, most Cham continue to live in the south central area of the country. In Cambodia, the Cham have settled along the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers and in western, southern, and central Cambodia.
Cham villages are usually comprised of only Cham. Most are small, with between 200 and 300 people, and are located near a river or lake.
Cham is related to languages spread over much of Asia and the Pacific. Most Cham in Cambodia are bilingual, speaking both Cham and Cambodian. Cambodian Cham speak a dialect called Western Cham. Cham in coastal central Vietnam speak Eastern Cham. Words in the Cham language contain up to three syllables.
The Cham language has its own writing system. Western Cham speakers use Arabic script rather than the traditional Cham script. Eastern Cham speakers in Vietnam use the traditional Cham script.
Many ancient Cham are remembered as great men. A king named Che Bong Nga ascended the Cham throne of central Vietnam in 1360. He led his armies against the Vietnamese and reoccupied Cham land to the north. His victories were temporary because the Vietnamese soon conquered the Cham empire, but Che Bong Nga's triumphs are remembered and retold.
The most renowned king of all, Po Rome, ruled Champa from 1627 to 1651. His rule is remembered as glorious by present-day Cham. When Po Rome was killed by his Vietnamese enemies, his Vietnamese wife threw herself on his burning funeral pyre in grief.
The Cham who fled the Champa kingdom of central Vietnam in the fifteenth century converted to Islam sometime before the seventeenth century. Cambodian Cham are Muslims (adherents of Islam). Cham decidation to their religion has helped them survive as an ethnic group.
The Cham worship in their own mosques. Their holy book is called the Quran (also spelled Koran). Each Cham community has a leader called the hakem. The bilal calls the faithful to prayer, and the imam leads them in prayer.
The spiritual center for Cham within Cambodia is Chrouy Changvar Peninsula, near Phnom Penh. Cham travel there to consult the high Muslim officials and to celebrate special occasions. Young Cham men may travel to Malaysia or Mecca (the holy city in Saudia Arabia) to study the Quran. Like Muslims worldwide, every Cambodian Cham hopes to make a pilgrimage (religious journey) to Mecca.
Most Cham in Vietnam are Hindus. Important Hindu officials are priests who are chosen for life. Some of these priests learned religious rituals when they were only ten or eleven years old.
The Cham often exchange the traditional Muslim greeting. One person begins by saying "Assalamu alaikum," to which another responds "Wa Alaikumus salam."
Cham in Cambodia also greet each other with the sampeah (traditional Khmer greeting). The sampeah involves joining the palms together, with fingers pointing up or slightly tilted toward the other person, then bringing their hands up to their chest or forehead.
The Cham place great importance on hierarchy and proper behavior. Women must respect men, children must respect their elders. Everyone must respect their superiors, which includes anyone with higher status, greater wealth, or a more important job. Inferiors greet their superiors with a deeper bow. All visitors are treated to the best the household has to offer.
Few young people date, and virginity remains highly valued for brides. Girls and boys have the opportunity to talk and flirt only on special occasions, surrounded by relatives and neighbors.
Most men marry between nineteen and twenty-five years of age; women are slightly younger, usually between sixteen and twenty-two. It is common for a young man to ask his parents' permission and assistance in finding a wife than to do so on his own. His parents or a matchmaker approach the young woman's family to see if they are interested in a match. If the response is positive, the families negotiate the terms and time of the marriage.
After an exchange of gifts, the young couple marries. It is still common for many young couples to spend the first year of marriage in the home of the woman's parents. After the parents are assured of their son-in-law's stability, or after the birth of the first child, the young couple moves into a new house built for them by their families.
Cham homes are made of split bamboo and thatch. Most houses are built on stilts 4 to 12 feet (1.3 to 4 meters) off the groung to protect them from seasonal flooding. Chickens, ducks, and oxen are kept in the area beneath the house. Family members often gather beneath the house during the heat of the day to do chores, look after the children at play, and visit with neighbors and passersby. In the evening, most Cham retreat upstairs to their homes, where they eat, chat, and rest.
The upstairs portion of the house may be an open room or may be divided into several rooms: a private room for keeping possessions and a public room for entertaining guests, eating, and visiting. A lean-to kitchen may be attached to the house, also on stilts.
Cham do not have electricity, running water, sewage systems, or appliances. Houses usually contain little furniture, decoration, or utensils. A few books, a pad of paper, and a pencil or two may be wrapped in plastic and placed in the rafters for safekeeping. People sleep on mats, which are rolled up and leaned against the wall or stored overhead during the day. Some Cham, especially in Cambodia, have low platform beds.
Cham cook over an earthenware stand placed over a fire. Because most Cham do not have refrigeration, they use preserved, salted, or fresh food. Kitchen utensils include pots, bowls, cooking ladles, and spoons made of coconut shells.
Cham observe a fairly strict division of labor, with women caring for children and the household. Men are responsible for rice cultivation and the chores of construction, tool craft, and repair.
Women do most of the textile manufacture, such as carding, spinning, and weaving cotton. They are also responsible for the family vegetable and fruit gardens and for threshing, husking, and milling the grain. Women carry the family's water from the nearest lake, river, or pond.
The vast majority of Cham marry within their group and religion. When a girl and her parents (or a boy and his parents) agree on a selection, the parents approach the other's parents.
Cham marriages are simple, involving little expense or ceremony. In the presence of an imam (spiritual leader) who acts as the witness, the parents of the young woman ask the groom if he will accept their daughter as his bride. After he agrees, the marriage is concluded and is then celebrated with a feast. Polygynous marriages are allowed (up to four wives), although the first wife must approve the selection of any subsequent wives. Divorce is also permitted. Most polygamy and divorce occurs in families with more resources.
Cham trace their descent and pass inheritance through the maternal line. Residence is also matrilocal, so that young couples go to live with the wife's family.
The Cham wear distinctive clothing. Both men and women wear a batik, a garment much like a sarong, which is worn knotted around the waist. Men wear a shirt over their batik, while women wear close-fitting blouses with tight sleeves over theirs. Men and women usually cover their heads with turbans or scarves.
On religious days, leaders dress completely in white and shave their heads and beards. Children usually wear shorts and go barefoot or wear rubber thongs.
Cham of Cambodia and Vietnam eat much as their fellow countrymen. Rice is eaten at almost every meal. Fish is almost as important and is eaten fresh, dried, and salted.
A traditional meal is a bowl of steamed rice eaten with a sauce containing bits of fish, fowl, or meat, eggs, vegetables, and spices such as onions, chilies, garlic, mint, ginger, or lemon grass. Pork and alcohol, consumed by many Cambodians, are forbidden to Muslim Cham.
Cham usually eat an early meal of leftover rice, cakes, or fruit either at home or in the field. The big meal of the day is lunch around midday, followed by supper at twilight.
Cham men usually eat together, women and children later. Each has a bowl of rice, and all take bites of food from several dishes sitting in the middle of the group. Cham may eat sitting in a squatting position, with their feet flat on the ground and their knees bent sharply. In Vietnam, most Cham use chopsticks to eat, while in Cambodia, most use spoons.
Literacy (the ability to read and write) is greatly valued and parents and religious leaders go to great lengths to teach reading and writing to their children. Cham children attend their own schools, where they learn Cham language and writing, Cham history and traditions, and receive religious instruction. Some children also attend Cambodian or Vietnamese public schools.


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Makes 4-6 servings
1 1/2 tbsp District Spice blend (Gyro, Tuscan, or Tuscan Heat)
31 oz (2 cans) Chickpeas
1/2 red onion, chopped
1/2 cup sun-dried tomatoes, chopped
2 tbsp olive oil
2 tbsp balsamic vinegar
Salt and pepper, to taste
- Strain chickpeas, add to mixing bowl.
- Add red onion, sun-dried tomatoes, District Spice blend, olive oil, and balsamic vinegar. Toss thoroughly. Add salt and pepper to taste and toss. Keep refrigerated until ready to serve.

subset: commoncrawl


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My lunch with Provence
Regular visitors here know how much the Wine Curmudgeon loves rose, and how much I want to share that enthusiasm with the rest of the wine world. Hence my excitement to attend a Provence rose lunch this week, given that that Provence (located in southern France on the Mediterranean) is to rose what Napa Valley is to cabernet sauvignon and Burgundy is to chardonnay.
And I was not disappointed. Rose accounts for 80 percent of Provence's production, and its producers have learned a thing or two in the 1,500 years they've been making it. The region's grapes are cultivated specifically to make rose, and not to make something else where the rose is an afterthought. And there's even a rose research center — call it the UC-Davis for pink wine.
Best yet, Provencal rose is still cheap, something that the lunch's host, Wines of Provence, emphasized at every opportunity. Talk about being in pink wine heaven.
The best wines we had, and one of them wasn't even rose (prices are suggested retail, which will probably be a couple of dollars less in the store):
? Domaine Houchart Rose 2013 ($15, sample, 12.5%): One of the best roses I've ever had, with depth and a roundness that most pink wines at this price, no matter how well made, rarely have. Not too much fresh red berry fruit, crisp, and bone dry. Chill this, and you'll never want another wine all summer.
? La Vidaubanaise Le Provencal 2013 ($15, sample, 12%): A notch below the Houchart, but that's hardly a criticism. More fresh red berries, nice acid balance, and even a little melon on the back. Another terrific value.
? Chateau de Berne Terres de Berne 2013 ($20, sample, 13%): It speaks to the wine's quality that I'm including it here, since it's not $10. A flowery aroma, almost white fruit flavors, some spice (believe it or not), and so fresh it was hard to believe. Availability may be limited.
? Rimaresque Cru Classe Rose 2013 ($24, sample, 13%): Rose for people who think they need to spend more than $10 for wine, with a rich mouth feel, minerality on the back, and a little more heft, given that cabernet sauvignon is one of the eight grapes in the blend.
? Domaine Houchart Rouge 2011 ($15, sample, 14.5%): How a red wine with this much alcohol can be this light and enjoyable is apparently one of those things you pick up in 15 centuries of winemaking. A blend that shows off its grenache and carignan, with cherry fruit and some spiciness. Highly recommended, and don't be afraid to chill it a bit.


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The driver of notorious gangster John Gilligan has been shot dead this evening.
Stephen 'Dougie' Moran was taken to Tallaght Hospital where he was pronounced dead a short time later.
The attack took place around 7.30pm at a house in Earlsfort View, Lucan, Dublin.
Moran aged in his mid 40s, was a cousin of the Dundon-McCarthy brothers and a member of the gang.
Moran's cousin Melanie McCarthy was shot dead in Tallaght on February 12.
John Gilligan was freed from Portlaoise Prison on October 15 last year after serving more than 17 years of a 20-year sentence with Moran understood to be his driver.
The scene has been preserved for technical examination and the office of the State Pathologist has been notified.
A burnt out car has been located in Glen Vale, Lucan. Gardai are investigating the possibility it may have been used by the gunman.


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The Shift Indy team has been very busy this summer! If you didn't notice, we took last month off from our blog and newsletter update. We think it's important we deliver valuable updates for our subscribers. Sometimes when you're heads-down making progress, there aren't many valuable updates to provide. We thought for our September edition, we would give some insight on a few of our remaining implementations: global features.
A few key items remaining on our to-do list are what we refer to internally as 'global features'. These aren't one-off services like applying for a homestead deduction. They don't have much to do with an agency's content. These are the services expected on a large organization's website, especially on a municipal site. Global features in our case are the following:
- Calendar: The opportunity for citizens to find dates for council meetings, upcoming workshops or community events. We're interested in solutions that leverage an 'event'-like feature, allowing citizens to sign-up or 'follow' a calendar item for updates and reminders.
- Jobs: While our Human Resources division is lead on workforce management, every agency and department provides information on their open positions and plays a role in their recruitment. Providing a user-friendly interface for finding and applying for City-County jobs is an important feature for our users and our staff.
- Boards & Commissions: Every agency & department has some type of board or committee presence. It's important we're being transparent in sharing who represents these boards, their terms, etc. It's also just as important to have from an internal, process management perspective.
- Minutes & Agendas: Just as every agency & department has board, commission or committee, those governing bodies have minutes, agendas and other documentation. For years, we've lacked consistency across our organization in how we provide these items. Having a single tool for this need will help streamline the way these documents are created, stored and organized – making it efficient and user-friendly for staff and constituents.
There are some features not mentioned above that are similar to this 'global' role. Mapping, for instance, is something that will touch several agencies and departments. However, the idea of mapping isn't just implementing a tool, it's executing a vision for a major interactive point of the website. Because of that, items like 'mapping' or 'authentication' are on a list of their own.
Implementing the above list has not been an easy task. Multiple factors — from requirements to third-party vendors — make each item different in its own right. We already have a digital provider for job postings and applications, but what API's are available? What does implementing a 'Minutes & Agendas' tool look like from a storage perspective? What are the one-off use cases we need to plan to meet? How does this tool interact with that tool or those tools over there? How can we further streamline this process and make everything come together in a single, cohesive experience?
As we enter the homestretch of my.indy.gov becoming our new digital city hall, it's clear we have our work cut out for us. Some items will be in the piloting stage at the end of the year, while others will maintain an iterative approach – not fully complete until early 2019. While some may see that as a deadline unmet, we see that as the spirit of this initiative and the site as a whole. There is no final deadline, no moment we say 'complete' and walk away. This site will always be growing, improving and changing to meet the needs of our citizens.
That's why we look forward to your feedback with every new release. Sometimes when you're heads-down making progress, it's easy to overlook the small details. As we implement these global features, new services, even informative content, it's important you tell us what works and what doesn't. Your use and input gives these features value. Never forget: this is your website, your government, your digital city hall.


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This conference encourages debate between historical and contemporary accounts of Kantian themes in ethics law and politics. Immanuel Kant envisaged a cosmopolitan federation of independent republics as the only way to secure peace. The means to achieving this end are the rule of law, both domestically in the form of republicanism and internationally in the form of cosmopolitanism.
The online academic journal Estudos Kantianos (Kantian Studies), hosted by São Paulo State University's Philosophy Department, welcomes contributions for a special issue on "Kant and Natural History", scheduled for January 2018. The thematic scope provides an occasion to explore Kant's own philosophical ideas and questions concerning the study of organisms and life, as well as the relations between his thoughts and those
The editorial board of the 2017 issue of Perspectives: International Postgraduate Journal of Philosophy seek submissions of high-quality original papers from a variety of philosophical approaches to the questions of the relevance and relation of Kant's thought to contemporary forms of realism.


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It was in the fall of 2007 that Brent started the chant: "We are the future leaders of Kenya." Hoping to ignite the spark of leadership he saw in our students in Kenya, he asked them to repeat this mantra three times.
At first it was a sorry thing. In rural areas, children speak their tribal Daruma language, later to be mixed in with Swahili. As they are exposed to education, they begin to learn English, but it is not a language that comes easily to their tongues. Hearing English spoken by an American is even more foreign. Yet they are good sports, ever wanting to please. "We are the future leaders of Kenya," they would attempt, missing half the words, clearly not really understanding what the phrase meant. A motley crowd they were, half in worn uniforms, half in clothes that looked like they'd soon be ready for the rubbish pile. Bare feet. Eyes wide. But they tried.
I have to admit, even in years to follow, their attempts were so sorry I'd end up feeling embarrassed for Brent. The paradox of seeing these kids try to repeat such a thing just felt wrong. Coming from the poorest educational district in Kenya, half starving, most unable to pay school fees: how could "the future leaders of Kenya" possibly emerge from this crowd?
But with each year, the chant grew. It started as a tiny thing, but fueled by hope, it began to take on a life of its own. More students entered the Kenya Keys sponsorship program. More students got access to books through the small libraries that were popping up. The students found a new sense of pride in being able to speak English, the language of education ever since the British declared Kenya a colony in 1919. It no longer seemed so laughable that a future leader of Kenya could emerge from this ragged crew. It's amazing what can happen when people seize a new vision of themselves.
This last trip, I heard the chant and tears would instantly come to my eyes. There was Brent, ever hopeful, so able to see the beautiful spark in each person he meets, leading the chorus. The chant was no longer a sorry declaration. Brent, standing in front of the student body, would ask, "Students, do you have something to tell me?" "Yes," they replied. "We Are The Future Leaders of Kenya!" they shouted. There was strength in its wings. Hearing is believing. Saying is believing. You cannot feel the groundswell without believing it just might be true.


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My girlfriend's aunt got two bunnies, and she got a big surprise when one gave birth to 7 baby bunnies. They are super duper cute, but she obviously can't keep them. She doesn't speak English and is not very good with computers, so that's why I am writing this post for her. I hope this is in the right section, I usually post about my piggies.
The bunnies are healthy and are looking for a loving home! If you are looking for a bunny or know someone that is looking for one, please let me know. I would love them to go to a good home. I do not want any of them to end up as snake food.
They are in Redwood city, but I can bring them to San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley... anywhere where the Bart goes!
Thank you!


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Board Meeting Minutes — Thursday, September 17, 2015
September 21, 2015 | gladdenk
The Chairperson, Nancy Eggenberger, called the meeting to order at 7:52 PM
- Present:
Present: N. Eggenberger, M. Farell, J. Fausone, S. Foster, T. Hartnett, D. Turner
- Also Present: E. Davis, K. Gladden
Call to Audience
(H. Ahmad, C. de Bear, R. Havenstein-Coughlin, D. McHugh, M. Nicholson, L. Papa, S. Sharma, N. Szczepanski, R. Wolshon) - None
Approval of Agenda
The agenda was approved as amended by unanimous consent.
Approval of General Meeting Minutes
The minutes were approved by unanimous consent.
E. Davis shared a letter from Canton Township, confirming their receipt of the board resolution regarding the bond issue, and also reiterated their intent to cooperate fully with the library to complete the matter in as timely a manner as possible. Since the library property is part of a larger parcel belonging to the township, it is likely that a survey will need to be commissioned in order to split the library parcel off from the township property. The township's lawyer has indicated that all necessary documents are present and the township is proceeding to reconstitute the Building Authority. They hope to complete the transaction by the end of the year.
- Read more about Board Meeting Minutes — Thursday, September 17, 2015
- Log in or register to post comments


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Inspiring People - Make History
Inspiring People - Make History
Will you help us Make History?
At the National Portrait Gallery we invite everyone to meet the people who have made – and are making – Britain what it is today. Inspiring People will help the Gallery fulfil its unique role as the nation's family album, from the time of Katherine Parr to Martin Parr.
In 1896, after three temporary sites, the Gallery moved to its current home, a beautiful and specially designed building by the eminent Victorian architect Ewan Christian. This was largely due to the generosity of the philanthropist William Henry Alexander. Since then the Gallery has thrived thanks to the continued support of many people and their donations large and small.
The Inspiring People project will be our most important transformation for over a century. Please support us today and help make history.
Ways to give
The National Portrait Gallery is a charity under parliament. Our HMRC exemption number is: X93187


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You can't force people to love EU
October 16, 2010
Mathew's great post about Mediacafé – Europe: no medium, no message?, picks up on the phrase (Mathew's emphasis) "The production of qualitative EU coverage should be incorporated in the charters of public broadcasters and it should be supervised as well." As Mathew sums up: "State-coerced, force-fed media should not be what Europe is about."
An appeal for this type of intervention is all the more surprising in the context of the Pascal Decroos Foundation for Investigative Journalism. But perhaps, if the EU is involved, a different paradigm is required.
Chatting with a West African diplomat earlier on the relative value to Africa of China and Europe, I learnt that the former is more appreciated because it gets in there and provides what's needed (obviously in return for access to raw materials), while the latter tends to wrap up its assistance in red tape and sermonising. In short, the EU ends up supporting bureaucracy instead of democracy. The Chinese are apparently prepared to deal with their African interlocutors on an egalitarian basis, making them feel like partners in the process, whereas Europeans seem to treat them as supplicants, in a manner occasionally reminiscent of missionaries bringing the gifts of Christian civilisation to savages.
What's the link? The same holier-than-thou attitude. The sort that was on such extraordinary display in the 10:10 video that had people and sponsors running for the hills.
The striking lack of judgment in releasing this film made many people consider that the 10:10 team were evidently so full of self-importance that their take on climate change could be equally dumb.
This spoof of the caricature of global warmists as ecofascists was no doubt intended to make it obviously ridiculous. Instead it made people seriously consider that the caricature is even more accurate than they originally feared.
Perhaps the phrase "and should be supervised" is also a spoof intended to make us think the "EUSSR" idea is overblown?Author : Hugh Barton-Smith
Comments are closed.


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My blog friend Jemma (known on UKS as Jimjams) invited me to take part in a blog hop tour. It's a little different to the usual blog hop, because the posts are a week apart and the hop spreads OUT as it goes. My task was to answer a set of questions, then link to three fellow bloggers. Jemma's answers from last Monday are here. You'll find my linked bloggers at the end.
1. What am I working on?
I am always "working on" a multitude of things. At the moment I have a lot in progress:
- a crochet granny-square blanket
- re-organizing my scrapbook albums
- some Project Life printables still in the design process
- a handmade journal for the A Documented Life project (yeah, I know, late to the party LOL!)
- some new Gelli prints for an army of spike-eared toys
In the back of my mind is also a 2015 calendar, with a twist.
2. How does my work differ from others of its genre?
Humm. If I had to pinpoint what makes my BLOG different, I guess it would be that I am never overly concerned with taking a stunning photo, nor am I overly concerned with showing a final project. I may have an idea for a mini-book construction and make one that will sit and wait for the perfect reason to add photos and complete it, even if that is YEARS in the future. I did a video for this one, never really blogged fully about it, and it took me till the following year before I actually filled it. But I DID fill it!
I am all about the process, I guess. I don't hide what I am working on till it's 100% complete and then do a "big reveal." I will get an idea, play with it, sharing along the way, both success and failure. I say, often, that I make the mistakes so you don't have to. So if I have an idea and it turns out to be a rubbish idea, well, you'll see it here, warts and all. I also push things sometimes past their logical conclusion. I may post for a week about a single project, pushing and pushing the idea till even I am sick of it. I made many more of this display-stand card before I moved on!
I also refuse to rush out and buy a whole host of things if I have something to hand that will do the job. I hate shopping, even craft shopping, and I hate waiting for mail-order. So if I need something I am always going to try to figure out a way to use something I already have (like the make-your-own Baker's twine post ages ago or more recently cutting doilies from unbleached coffee filters) or figure out a way to make my version (like the tools for use on the Gelli plate) rather than shop online and delay the project till I get what I need. By the time it arrives I'm probably already on to the next thing….
3. Why do I write/create what I do?
I am fairly scattered-brained – originally I really only scrapbooked. Now that the kids are older, and camera-shy, I just don't have new photos very often. I still scrapbook, mostly old photos, I just don't tend to share the layouts. I love making mini-albums, but everyone who could be a reasonable recipient already probably has more than they have room for. So I make other sorts of things now. Because I love to make things to share, I make a lot of downloadable PDFs for others, mostly calendars and Project Life things. Again, it's the process I enjoy, even if I don't actually USE the end results myself. I will happily spend a day or more creating a printable, add it for others to use, then go make a card or an ATC, crochet or quilt, print a pile of Gelli prints then play with a new book-binding technique, or do a random page in my art journal. I just get in the mood to do something specific and I don't really question it. If I'm inspired in a certain way, I go with it.
Writing the blog is a method, really, for me to crystallize the steps of a project, in words and photos, so I don't forget what I did. And a sidebar to that is sharing, cause if I think it's cool, someone else might too, and might like to give it a go. Why I CREATE what I do is harder to answer. It always starts with a random thought. I read A LOT, flip thru books and mags, and as soon as I get a spark of inspiration, or have an I wonder… moment, I test it out. Like the spike-eared toys last week
I saw a photo-only in a book that was meant to include cutable templates for the projects on a CD. I was frustrated the template wasn't included, and spent an hour on the internet searching for a downloadable version. Then I had to figure out how to edit the PDF so I could make my OWN printable version with MY art on it.
If I am frustrated by something, I'll try to solve the problem – like working in my art journal and being annoyed that Pan Pastels rub off unless you seal them. And I hate spray fixative. Figuring out that acrylic medium, brayered onto the Gelli plate in a thin layer, will seal them was a revelation. And ended up creating a nifty technique. You will totally see what I mean about not caring if the photos are great, or showing a finished project in that post – although I did actually use the technique again later and did a better job. See? Two actual finished pieces.
and that leads naturally on to 4. How does your writing/creating process work?
Random ideas, problem-solving, and extending an idea to (past) its natural conclusion is my process. I get on a path and just keep going – like the whole calendar making thing. I discovered so much about the form of a calendar, I totally streamlined my process, which allows me to create a calendar for any year quickly and easily. I documented it here, so if I forget in a year when a new calendar is needed, I can go back and remind myself how I did it. That lets me concentrate on the fun part, the design.
I do try to consider how people who land here will want to find things, so I often go back and add to posts. For example, I saw recently that something I did about 2 years ago was all of a sudden getting a crazy number of hits (OK, crazy for ME – like 600 hits in the last few weeks) and questions in the comments. I noted that, went back and re-did it, with more variations and samples, then linked to the new post from the old one so people landing on the OLD post would find the NEW expanded info.
Basically, I just like making stuff.
Now, on to my link-ups. I only have two, both Karen's (how funny) despite asking a number of people – sadly, with the school holidays this week many people just weren't able to join in. You can see their answers to the questions on 2nd June, so make sure you pop back to see what they have to say.
Karen (known as kazy1) is a long-time member of UKScrappers and creates layouts for The Scrapbook Magazine. She is also on the team at Scrapology, on online challenge blog. She has guest-designed for Papermaze and Sarah's Cards, both UKS sponsors. Her layouts and cards never fail to inspire me, and she is often featured in the monthly BlogBits round-up of inspiring posts by UKS members. I love that she scraps in the American size 8.5 inches x 11 inches. Her style is detailed and pretty, with lovely embellishment clusters that support, rather than overwhelm, the photos. She is a thrifty crafter too, and makes the most of her supplies. Her blog is worth bookmarking for those times when your scrapping mojo is on holiday – she does a lot of sketch challenges so you might find one that is new to you.
Karen (well known to all on UKScrappers as Scrapdolly and as the one who keeps the Teams and Houses running smoothly) is one of those rare scrappers who is equally at home making paper and digital layouts. She is also on the team at Scrapology and is on the design teams for Charmed Cards and Crafts, for digital designer Dawn Inskip, and for Pickleberrypop . Her layouts always feature lovely photos, often of her husband and their hysterical cats. Her style is hard to describe in a few words – possibly because it encompasses so much! If I had to pick one thing..OK two things.. that I think of when I think of her, they would be her titles (paper and digi) and her deeply drop-shadowed 3D-effect digi-layouts. I've seen so many unique design ideas when browsing her blog that the one thing I DO know is I'm going to be inspired by something when I visit. And I'm going to be amused by her LOLcats and other non-scrapping images. Her thoughtful blog posts are often more about life and the story behind the layout, what prompted her to scrap THESE photos at THIS time. She also has a section of digital/hybrid scrapping downloads and tutorials, so be sure to check that out!
Phew. That was too much introspective hard-thinking, way more than I usually do on a Sunday….do feel free to add your own answers, to one or more of the questions, in the comments.


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Apple is rumored to announce iPad Pro in various sizes either this month or in April. The speculated models include iPad Pro 2 in 12.9 inches and 9.7 inches alongside a new 10.5-inch iPad Pro and a 7.9-inch iPad Pro Mini. Xiaomi is speculated to launch 7.9-inch Mi Pad 3 and 9.7-inch Mi Pad 3 Pro to take the upcoming iPad Pro 2 models.
Even though rumors hint that four iPad Pros are arriving soon, some sources claim Apple may not launch a 9.7-inch model. Instead, a new 10.5-inch iPad Pro with a same form factor as 9.7-inch tablet may be unveiled.
The Mi Pad 3 is expected to feature a 7.9-inch screen. Its screen resolution is not known yet. It is expected to feature 4 GB of RAM along with storage options of 64 GB and 128 GB. It pre-installed to run on Android 7.0 Nougat OS. Both storage variants are speculated to cost 1,299 ($188) Yuan and 1,599 Yuan ($231), respectively.
The alleged Mi Pad 3 would be a 9.7-inch tablet running on Windows 10. it is speculated to be driven by Intel 8750 chipset. There is no information available on its RAM and screen resolution. It is expected to arrive with a pricing of 1,699 Yuan ($246).


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While Christmas in New Zealand arrives smack-bang in the middle of summer you can't escape the cool-weather themed goodies, including a gingerbread house covered in snow!
I drew up this pattern myself (it comes in handy drawing houses for a living sometimes!) which you can find an A3 PDF copy of here. Just print it out, cut out the pieces (laminate them if you want to) and trim out your gingerbread dough! Easy! In this little tutorial I'll take you through making and baking the gingerbread, putting the house together and decorating it with lollies and royal icing. Yum!! I made my gingerbread house over a couple of days, baking the gingerbread one day and putting it together the next.
This recipe will well and truely be enough for all you gingerbread house pieces. I made some little gingerbread men with the leftovers and froze some too for another day!
300g Butter, softened
1. Beat together butter, sugar and golden syrup.
5. Mix to a dough. I like using plastic gloves; you could use bare (clean) hands or a spatula.
9. Place chosen colour of lollies in a plastic bag and smash with a rolling pin until crushed.
2 Egg Whites
5. Run icing along top of walls.
9. Pipe a line of icing and begin adding chocolate buttons to the roof like shingles.
All done!! You could set a battery powered tea light inside your gingerbread house so it glows from the inside. I would suggest wrapping it in clear cellophane if you want to keep it and not devour it immediately!
Like all of my '12 Days of Christmas' DIY tutorials, there is a PDF version of this blog post here. Simpy click on the link, print out the tutorial and get to work. Easy as that. Feedback appreciated!


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DetailsTibhar Blue Spirit Shoes - The Tibhar Blue Spirit shoes are the perfect shoe made for table tennis! They offer optimal floor contact and grip, giving you excellent control for rapid and short movements. These quality, long lasting shoes have a seamless and flexible upper mesh fabric. Advanced PU / Mesh and available in blue with green trim.
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I was reading an article from the MIT Sloan Review about the Rise of Strategy Machines, which inspired and challenged my view on technology and human evolution.
I have been wondering:
Once machine learning and its branches such as deep learning, neural networks, decision tree learning, and many others at the core of AI and robotics would become the standard; How long would it take to get into strategy automation?
It seems we are not far away from it, and on the MIT Sloan's thought-provoking article, there are some references and examples of companies that are actually working on it, perhaps the ones you would not expect.
Every job consisting of repetitive and iterative tasks, processes, and even problem solving will be replaced by automation during the next 20 years, perhaps sooner.
Middle management, business administration, finance, logistics, marketing, and many other sectors will be impacted.
Where does it leave us? It may sound like a disaster.
Luckily, quoting from the article;
Big-picture thinking is one capability at which humans are still – and will continue to be for some time – better than computers.
I'm wondering: are we doing enough to teach future generations how to think and process big-picture? To work impacting the world directly?
Currently, organizations are layered in hierarchies built to implement a vision and offer solutions. The more significant is the scale of that vision, the bigger is the workforce required to bring that offering to market. Conventional educational systems are built to fill these layers.
But the reality is that we are going towards a scenario in which creating a resolution to big problems will need less and less organizational layers. In contrast, we will desperately need more individuals able to think big and have a sense of accountability, independence, and determination required to resolve problems autonomously.
There are many people raising doubts and fears about AI and technology, prospecting a future on which most people in our society will lose their jobs.
While we don't know in practical terms where such a shift will lead us, I believe the key challenge will be to keep our society together in an extremely fast-changing world.
Maybe one of the answers to this challenge could be found in what I believe to be the glue of our society – Education.
Would the conventional educational system be sufficient to raise the next generation of Big-Picture Thinkers?
Additionally, as we are heading towards a society where data will fully drive decision making, will humans be fast enough to process a significant amount of data while still having the decision making under control?
Perhaps a new evolutionary phase has just begun, where humans and machines will merge and what scientists like to name as Augmented Age.
To leave you with a great inspirational video, I'd suggest you watch this TED talk from Maurice Conti.


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Institutional Computing Services (ICS) is responsible for most enterprise administrative systems across campus. The list of services provided range from Document Imaging to On-Line Course Delivery to Banner Enterprise Administrative System to the University ID and account provisioning. ICS is responsible for the development, installation, integration, maintenance and support of nearly 50 different products to support the administrative functions of our university.
ICS will provide the community with timely, effective and meaningful solutions for accessing centralized information.
Some of the products that we support are listed on the site below. We are currently working to list the rest of the products at this time.
Key enterprise products not yet listed:
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Kevin has nearly 20 years of experience working within the ICS department at Indiana State. During those twenty years, he has been a part of a development team that converted from a mainframe IA+ system to Client/Server Banner in 1996. The university's work and leadership with DARS/Banner integrations led to his serving on the first DARS Client Advisory Board and he is a member of the Educause Management cohort. He holds a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science from Indiana State University.
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Mother Courage and Her Children
The Art of Alienation in Brecht's Work
Writing in the Germany of the 1920s, Brecht shattered the then staple notions of dramatic theatre, with his propagation of the Epic theatre. In terms of play righting, his was a move away from the Isben model of the well made play; in terms of acting as well he led a departure from the Stanislavsky style of realism. Interestingly enough, this maverick Marxist playwright was also highly didactic and authoritarian. Not only did he have a very specific brief for actors on how and how not to act, but he also made very clear the role and the function of the audience.
Impelled by a Marxist perspective he insisted that man and society could be intellectually analysed. His demands of drama were high; he wrote, "The urgent revolution of the theatre must start with a transformation of the stagewe do not ask for an audience, but a community, not a stage, but a pulpit." Theatre then, was an activity meant to be part of a larger social revolution. But Brecht did not ascribe to the "art reflects life" kind of philosophy, he was very well aware of the possibilities art held as a carrier of ideology. "If art reflects life" Brecht wrote "it does so with special mirrors". It was these "special...
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text: Marvel x Zilingo presents Marvel's Avengers: Endgame Striped Black Shorts that is made keeping in mind the latest trend about the world-famous Super Hero team. Made from soft and durable 240 GSM fleece material, you can easily wear these shorts on a regular basis without a hint of discomfort. Designed with an adjustable drawstring waistband, signature logo and contrast stripes, these funky shorts are ideal for casualwear and activewear.


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Kat High on Establishing Native Gardening Areas in Local Communities | KCET
Kat High on Establishing Native Gardening Areas in Local Communities
The knowledge of native people about plants and their uses is open to everyone if they are willing to learn. Hoopa tribe descendant, Kat High, talks about the need to establish gardening areas in local communities.
Co-produced by KCETLink Media Group and the Autry Museum, this six-part multimedia series and one-hour documentary special are presented in association with California Continued, a groundbreaking exhibition now on view at the Autry.
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Tending the Wild
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E1: Cultural Burning - How Native American Peoples Use Fire to Rejuvenate the Land
Episode 1
Suppressed for over a century, indigenous cultural burning is still practiced today and holds important lessons for managing the threat of destructive wildfires.
Tending the Wild
tending the wild
E2: Keeping the River - How the Klamath River's Native Peoples Maintain Their Relationship With Salmon
Episode 2
The Yurok, Karuk, and Hupa peoples have maintained a close relationship with the Klamath River. They have secured traditional fishing rights and mobilized against the threats of dams and agriculture, setting an example for Native environmental rights.
Tending the Wild
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E3: Weaving Community - How Native Peoples are Rediscovering Their Basketry Traditions
Episode 3
Despite barriers to access, traditional gathering and basket weaving is still practiced across California as a new generation is rediscovering and preserving its cultural heritage.
Tending the Wild
traditional ecological knowledge
E4: Decolonizing the Diet - How Native Peoples are Reclaiming Traditional Foods
Episode 4
The Chia Cafe Collective is working to revive Native food practices and raise awareness about the threats to native plants in Southern California.
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E5: Gathering Medicine - How Native Medicinal Practices Are Thriving Today
Episode 5
Native herbalism has a long history and continues to be practiced today. This video explores a holistic approach to health and how the environment can inform healthy living.
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Join Huell as he hikes high up in the Eastern Sierra to visit the Conness Glacier in a stunning part of the National Forest.
As Hugh prepares for the operation to donate his kidney to his father, Jim finds it difficult receiving extra attention from the family. Hugh's estranged wife, Harriet, unexpectedly arrives from America, and Ajax tries to win Hayley back.
Huell travels to the Mojave Desert's El Mirage Dry Lake, one of the world's best spots for land sailors.
Huell travels to the Tehachapi Mountains to visit The Cesar Chavez Foundation.


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Here are her 11 greatest quotes, plus three images I made for you. Use and share any way you'd like, let's pass on the inspiration!
- "Fashion changes, only style remains."
- "In order to be irreplaceable one must always be different."
- "Elegance does not consist in putting on a new dress."
- "The most courageous act is still to think for yourself. Aloud."
- "Gentleness doesn't get work done unless you happen to be a hen laying eggs."
- "Dress shabbily and they remember the dress; dress impeccably and they remember the woman."
- "I don't care what you think about me. I don't think about you at all."
- "Elegance comes from being as beautiful inside as outside."
- "One cannot be forever innovating. I want to create classics"
- "A girl should be two things: who and what she wants."
11. "Don't spend time beating on a wall, hoping to transform it into a door"
Thanks to Hubspot for the awesome holiday photos!


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In the summer of 2004, we decided to build a schoolhouse for children from local families and orphans in the nomadic region of eastern Tibet. A year later we had constructed a temporary school made of cinder blocks and inexpensive materials to house the more than 35 students who were sent by their parents for an education. By the spring of 2006, we broke ground for the construction of Losal Ling Primary School or The Oasis for Clear Learning .
An extension of our sites database and interactive satellite map of Jonang sites , we are happy to announce the launch of our 3D map of the campus of Takten Phuntsok Damcho Ling Monastery in southern Tibet.
Video Map Guide:
This map is the first in a multi-phased project that is visualizing Takten Monastery in an interactive three dimensional space. Takten Monastery was built by Tāranātha and completed in the year 1615. It served as headquarters for the Jonangpa until it was confiscated in 1650. This project utilizes digital architecture technology tools, images and blueprint sketches...
We have released the teaser clip for our Jonang Nuns Project . This project was setup in 2007 in order to provide care and greater support for Tibetan women practitioners of the Jonang tradition in Tibet. The video was taken and edited by our collaborator on this project, Jessica Benjamin. Please take a look,
The Jonangpa have longstanding historical and cultural ties to locality. [1] So much so that their very identity is derived from and enmeshed within their place of origin. The term "Jonang" is an abbreviation of "Jomonang," the name of the valley where the first Jonangpas settled. [2]
Jonang historical texts as well as biographies of early Jonangpa masters reference this first settlement simply as, "Jonang Monastery" ( jo nang dgon pa ). These sources specify this as the founding site of the Jonang tradition.
Where Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen (1292-1361) lived and constructed the...
With profound sadness, we at Jonang Foundation report the loss of His Eminence the 9th Kalkha Jetsun Dhampa Rinpoche, Dorjee Chang Jampel Namdrol Choekyi Gyaltsen. Jetsun Dampa Rinpoche was 80 years old. He passed away earlier today in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Kalkha Rinpoche was born in Lhasa in 1932 and conducted much of his studies at Gomang College of Drepung Monastery before departing Tibet for India after 1959. He spent several years working at the radio...
At Jonang Foundation, we host pilgrimages to power places in Tibet. These pilgrimages are fundraisers for our educational and preservation initiatives. The summer 2011 journey was the second of its kind and included stops at several of the most significant sites for the practice of the Kalachakra in Tibet. During the 2009 pilgrimage, Tulku Zangpo Rinpoche performed a Jonang Kalachakra empowerment at the base of the Jonang Stupa. The summer 2013 pilgrimage will continue along route...
Do you have a Facebook account? Then join us! Become a fan of Jonang Foundation. Join the Jonang Foundation Cause. Participate in the Jonang Tibetan Buddhism group.
Last week, during the 11th conference of Tibetan religious leaders that was held in Dharamsala, India, the Jonang was endorsed as a distinct and autonomous tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. This confirmation comes after years of petitioning the representative authorities in exile for official status. The next step in this deliberation process is approval from Tibetan Parliament. There is hope that the issue will be raised and approved during the congress of Parliament next...
Summer 2013: Dates to be Announced
A Cultural & Educational Expedition Hosted by Jonang Foundation
After an incredible heart-filling pilgrimage this summer through central Tibet with 19 pilgrims, we are happy to announce that our biannual pilgrimage to power places in Tibet will resume in 2013. Different from our previous pilgrimages, the 2013 expedition will have Tibet's most sacred mountain, Mount Kailash, as the apex of the journey.
This journey will take you through the ages and across the boundaries...
The one who Hugh Richardson referred to in his 1967 article as "a Tibetan antiquarian" in describing his efforts to jot down stone pillar inscriptions in Lhasa and at Samye that date from the 8th and 9th centuries, the Nyingma master Rigzin Tsewang Norbu was a lover of rare books. [1] In fact, it seems that he was a bit of a Buddhist bibliophile.
About a hundred years after Tāranātha's death in the...
Jonang Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The purposes of Jonang Foundation are to serve as an online educational resource, support the living Jonang tradition through educational and cultural preservation initiatives, and promote research and scholarship about this distinct tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.
Jonang Foundation1311 Cambridge StreetP.O. Box #: 398017Cambridge, MA 02139U.S.A.
[email protected]
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.


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Coachella Hair & Makeup Inspo
15 March 2018
Everyone knows that your hair and makeup are just as important as your outfit at Coachella. And I mean, who doesn't love an op for braids, glitter and extra AF colours!? Screenshot your fave looks below to recreate 💄👌 PLUS, you need to have a look at our latest festival beauty range, it's insanely awesome. Think wigs, face stickers, sequined lashes, and more glitter than you can imagine.


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Some of you no doubt, have been reading reports in the media and on sites such as this about the controversy surrounding the historical anchor of the 'Aud' – the German arms ship which was scuttled 8 miles outside Cork harbour on Good Friday 1916, after been arrested by the British Navy.
The capture of the Aud put paid to any real success of the planned Rising, as it sank to the bottom with 20.000 rifles, machine guns and a million rounds of ammunition. The current controversy of the anchor today centers around whether it should remain on public display at Cobh Heritage Centre or be re-allocated on Spike Island.
On 12th September last, the members of Cobh Municipal Council debated and unanimously agreed to keep the anchor in Cobh. The National Museum will ultimately decide however, whether the anchor will stay or go.
During that council debate, a voice in favour of moving the anchor to Spike argued that Spike was the only piece of Irish Soil that the German Crew set foot on in 1916. As the mover of the motion to keep the anchor in Cobh, I thought the case made to move the anchor was a flimsy and weak one, and countered that the purpose for the German Aud coming to Ireland had been much greater than what happened outside our harbour or afterwards on Spike – a British military detention centre and place where Captain Spindler and his crew were taken against their will.
No, I argued that as Cobh was the only town in East Cork that had a Company of Volunteers that turned out for the Easter Rising in 1916, and given that they and their comrades from Cork City and County were about to march to Kerry to collect the German weapons from the Aud and to distribute them to other volunteer units up the west coast as part of an all-out rebellion, that Cobh had a much greater historical claim to host the Aud anchor than the former British Detention Centre on Spike.
To strengthen this argument further, I have chosen the following chapter from my book 'Republican Cobh & The East Cork Volunteers' to demonstrate the historical point that the 4th Batt IRA, which was founded, trained and led by the Cobh Volunteers, was one of the most professionally organised volunteer Batt's of the 1st Cork Brigade.
Under the leadership of Cobh's Mick Leahy, the 4th Batt went on to capture the first RIC barracks in Ireland since 1916 when they took the surrender of Carrigtwohill Barracks.
The following account, I believe will demonstrate the gallant efforts made by the Cobh and East Cork men when taking the capture of Carrigtwohill RIC Barracks. For me, the historical significance of this and other 4 Batt operations makes such a claim very loudly.
It should also be pointed out that 'A Company' or the Cobh Company of the 4th Battalion as it was known, existed long before other areas of East Cork were organised and developed into the 4th Batt.
Later, when any operation involving the 4th Batt was carried out in East Cork, including those carried out by the regional Flying Column, members of A Company were always there in the thick of it.
Please read on and see if you agree with me. Perhaps you might later express an opinion comment afterwards.
Serving Notice on the RIC 6
In the same month of October, a Brigade meeting heard a proposal to attack all RIC Barracks in the Brigade area simultaneously in one night. In his later witness statement to the Bureau of Military History, Mick Leahy stated that he had first made the proposal and produced a clear plan to the Brigade of how it could be carried out. In any event, the Brigade staff was taken with the idea and agreed to develop plans to carry it out, pending approval from GHQ in Dublin. Tomas McCurtain, the Brigade O.C travelled to Dublin to put the plan to the leadership, but in the meantime, had changed it to include that every RIC barracks in the Country would be attacked on the same night.
GHQ naturally dismissed the plan for a variety of reasons, but agreed that since the Cork 1st Brigade was the best organised in the country, it should proceed to further plans to attack all police barracks in its own area. By December, plans were well advanced to attack three barracks in the Brigade area. Those selected were Ballygarvan, Kilmurry and Carrigtwohill Barracks, involving the 2nd, 4th and 7th battalions. The arms and men of the adjoining Battalions were to be pooled together for the simultaneous operations. Then on the eve of the operations, word came through from GHQ in Dublin countermanding them. MacCurtain quickly learned that Mick Collins had vetoed the Cork attacks because he felt they would clash with a proposed plan to assassinate Lord French in the capital at the proposed time and would dilute that operations' propaganda value.
The Brigade was thus forced to put back the date of the operations and a new date of 2nd January 1920 was set to carry them out. This delay did not suit every area, and by December 1919 there were signs that some RIC Barracks in the 4th Battalion area of East Cork were being fortified with protective steel shutters over their windows and doors. This led Mick Leahy to believe that someone might have been careless and engaged in loose talk. In Ballygarvan, there was no active Volunteer organisation, but it was within six miles distance of the City, so the task of attacking it was given to the 2nd Battalion on the Southside. It was chosen as a suitable target because the police presence was felt to be less alert there.
Two weeks before the date of the proposed attack however, the officer commanding the 2nd Battalion, Sean O'Sullivan, expressed doubts about the plan and said that after inspecting the area with his officers, they felt the Barracks couldn't be taken with the arms available to them. The Brigade sent its adjutant Florrie O'Donoghue to investigate the problem. He found that O'Sullivan had lost his nerve for the fight and was overly concerned with possible casualties of his own men. O'Donoghue also found that O'Sullivan's junior officers had taken the least line of resistance in agreeing with him. O'Sullivan was allowed to resign. By then however, it was too late to make alternative arrangements, so the Ballygarvan attack had to be called off. The Kilmurry attack went ahead as planned, but the RIC defences there proved stronger than the Volunteers had anticipated, forcing them to eventually disengage without the capture of any weapons. Brigade staff learned a valuable lesson that night, leading them to play a more active role in future operations of this size.
Meanwhile in the 4th Battalion area, Mick Leahy and his officers needed no such assistance or encouragement from the Brigade, as they carefully moved in to capture Irelands first RIC Barracks since Thomas Ashe took Ashbourne in 1916. In the weeks leading up to the attack, Mick Leahy called a meeting of the Cobh Company officers at his home at Ballywilliam. Those present were, Daithi O'Brien, Ned and Jack Stack, Tom O'Shea, Jack O'Connell and Mick Burke. Leahy gave them an idea of the general plan and informed each of what their respective responsibilities would be on the night. Daithi O'Brien was told to select forty of the most suitable men from the Company for the pending operation but not to give them prior knowledge of what was planned. O'Brien sought the assistance of Mick Burke with this selection process. At least a dozen of those selected would be used in the felling of trees to block access roads between Cobh and Carrigtwohill on the night. Leahy had also instructed Diarmud Hurley of the Midleton Company to ready his men and to have the Midleton road to Carrigtwohill blocked also before the attack began. He also gave similar instructions to Martin Corry of the Knockraha Company to make plans ready for his side. A wooden chest had earlier been dug up at a field near Leahy's home, and the lever action rifles that earlier had been taken in the O'Keeffe gunsmiths raid two years earlier, were taken to the home of Joe Collins on the Tay Road to be cleaned and stored over a trapdoor in the ceiling.
On the evening of the attack, most of the Volunteers were instructed to make their way in pairs to their selected posts on bicycles. Jack Higgins was also selected as a dispatch rider for the operation. Earlier, Jack O'Connell had commandeered a van in Cobh. This was used to ferry himself, Mick Leahy, Tom O'Shea, James Ahern, Maurice and John Moore to the outskirts of Carrigtwohill. Earlier that day at noon, Daithi O'Brien called to the workplace of Mick Burke at the Kings Square Co-op. He informed Burke that there was a hitch in connection with the van to transport the weapons. Neither man knew that O'Connell had separate plans to commandeer a van of his own. He said the only Volunteer in their group who could drive, refused to do so, as the van selected to be commandeered, was the property of a friend of his. Burke knew another driver however, who although was not a Volunteer, was a sympathiser. The man agreed to do a job for Burke later that evening, but was not told what it would entail. Later, the driver was taken to the safe house of Miss Hawes at Kings Square. The van to be commandeered was also parked in the same square. Daithí O'Brien was already waiting for Burke and his driver at the Hawes' home. He told the man what was expected of him that night, and found the driver was delighted to be chosen for such a task. The man was then given his tea and not allowed out of their sight until the designated time to move.
After starting up the van, the three proceeded to Collins on the Tay Road, where they loaded up the rifles and equipment, before striking off for Carrigtwohill. On their way out along the Fota Road, they noticed some of their colleagues working discretely cutting trees. When they reached the rendezvous point for the Cobh Volunteers, on the outskirts of the village, all the weapons, grenades and ammunition was distributed before everyone got ready to take up their positions. The Midleton Volunteers were by now assembled and waiting at the village schoolhouse under the command of Diarmud Hurley, while the Knockraha men were felling the last trees which were to complete the blocking off of the village. The telephone lines to the village were also cut, leaving the RIC barracks completely isolated. Mick Leahy, then instructed Mick Burke to select a man and go to the schoolhouse to collect two others of the Midleton Company armed with revolvers. All four men were to then go out onto the main street and, when the first firing of shots by the main firing party began, they were to shoot any RIC who might be on the street when the attack on the barracks opened. It appeared the RIC had become suspicious that something was afoot with the amount of strangers passing through on bicycles all evening. Despite this, it didn't appear to strike them however, that their own barracks would very shortly be the focus of everyone's attention. Some of the policemen were out on the street when Mick Burke and his companion were making their way up towards the schoolhouse. Suddenly they heard some noise and someone running down the street towards them. As they readied their revolvers, they were surprised to discover the fleeing man was one of their own colleagues; John Moore. Moore, who would later prove crucial to the success of the pending operation, had naively made his way up to the police barracks to reconnoitre and judge the thickness of its walls. Before he could reach the barracks however, he was pounced upon and arrested by two RIC officers. The wiry and spirited Moore, who fortunately happened to be wearing an overcoat which was loose and oversized, managed to wriggle his way free, leaving it in the hands of two officers before fleeing. Burke immediately recognised the importance of Moore's escape and was more than relieved when he discovered the escapee had kept the necessary sticks of gelignite for the attack, in his jacket pockets which he still wore. Burkes other companion wanted to proceed after the RIC men to shoot them but Burke, realising the importance of maintaining the element of surprise, would have none of it and ordered the man to put his revolver away. Fortunately for everyone concerned, the RIC men retreated back to their barracks.
When Burke and his colleague reached the Midleton men at the schoolhouse, they relayed Mick Leahy's instructions for them to proceed to the hayrick at the rear of the barracks. Leahy had earlier placed six men with rifles upstairs in Catherine Murphy's shop directly across the road from the front of the barracks. He himself took up a position with Tom O'Shea, Paddy O'Sullivan and six other rifle men with grenades in a hayshed at the rear of the barracks. Diarmuid Hurley, Joseph Ahern and a number of others from the Midleton Company joined up with Leahy's group with rifles and revolvers. Daithi O'Brien, Jack O'Connell, Maurice Moore and some others were positioned with rifles and shotguns behind a wall to the rear of the barracks also. Paddy Whelan, who although still resided in Cobh on the weekends, was now a member of the Midleton Company. He had earlier been instructed by Hurley, to go with five others and detain every civilian on the street who tried to leave the village. As things would transpire, they would only have to detain three people on the night that willingly cooperated with their requests. Earlier however, before the attack commenced and before the RIC realised the seriousness of the situation, Whelan observed two RIC men pounce on the Cobh dispatch rider Jack Higgins as he passed through the street. As Higgins was being grabbed, he managed to bring his bike to the ground, thus allowing him the opportunity to escape from the clutches of the policemen and make off on foot. It was obvious that these were the same two officers who shortly afterwards would try to take John Moore prisoner.
Shortly before midnight when everyone was in place, Leahy gave the order for the attack to commence. The RIC responded to the heavy and constant volleys of rifle fire by sending up verey lights and returning fire on the republican positions. Paddy Whelan later recalled the peace of that night being rudely disturbed by outbursts of rifle and revolver fire on the other side of the village. The attack was on, and he remembered for the first half hour feeling very on edge. "There we were, listening to the continuous rifle fire, with no knowledge of how the attack was progressing. After the first half hour, I remember being satisfied that all was well; the firing was steady and continuous, and there was no sign of retreat. I began to feel happy and confident of success". Meanwhile Mick Burke and the other three men with him felt there was no further point in waiting on the street as it was clear that all the RIC were in their barracks fighting it out. They decided to join their colleagues where the action was. They were then guided by a local man to an area near the rear of the barracks. Then as they tried to climb over an iron gate, they were fired on from the windows of the barracks. To make matters even worse, some of the Volunteers in the hayshed mistook them for escaping RIC and fired on them also. The men then managed to get to a safe position behind some pillars and slowly made it to the hayshed safely. By now, Daithi O'Brien, Jack O'Connell and their group behind the rear wall, were concentrating their fire on the loopholes in the steel shutters to try and prevent the occupants from sending up further verey lights.
For some strange reason, the RIC never returned fire on Murphy's shop at the front of the barracks, possibly because they rightly concluded the main threat was coming from the rear. By 3 O'clock in the morning, it became clear to Mick Leahy that they couldn't penetrate the steel shutters and that the RIC would hold out for as long as it took. He decided there was no further point in wasting their much-coveted ammunition against impregnable defences. The republican leader then decided it was time to bring out the ace in his pack. Situated at the side of the barracks gable wall was a shed. Leahy instructed a select number of men to keep firing the occasional shot in the direction of the barracks to give covering fire to John Moore who would go into the shed and place an explosive charge in the gable. Moore and a couple of other Volunteers dug out a number of carefully selected small holes, each big enough to take a stick of gelignite. After inserting the gelignite and setting the charge, the men then re-joined their comrades before they all took cover. After the explosion, the perfect breach was left in the gable, allowing two men at a time to enter into the barrack dayroom. Leahy initially wanted to place some burning straw in the breach to smoke out the occupants, but later changed his mind because of the Sergeant's wife and child in the building. A white flag of surrender was by now being waved from an upstairs window on the front of the barracks. Although the Volunteers over at Murphy's shop could see the flag of surrender and dually ceased firing, the others at the rear and the side of the barracks, had yet no idea of the intentions of those inside. These men continued with light fire on the building while it was decided Diarmuid Hurley, Joseph Ahern and Mick Leahy, would lead a small party through the breach and open up the front doors to allow the others through. Before entering, Leahy instructed the others that they should cease firing once they heard him give the signal through a whistle blast. Once they were past the day-room, the men shouted an order up the stairs to surrender. When Leahy saw Mrs Casey on the top of the stairs with a baby in her arms and her husband Sergeant Casey close behind, he blew the whistle for the others to cease firing. He then told the woman to come down and that no harm would come to her and the baby. He ordered her husband to remain where he was with his hands in the air. The sergeant did as he was told. Mrs Casey and her baby were then escorted to the home of some friends in the village. Leahy then shouted for the other police officers to come out and join their sergeant. The front door of the barracks was by now opened up and other volunteers began piling through. When he had come through the hole in the breach, Jack O'Connell was faced with 8 or 9 RIC men descending the stairs with their hands in the air. Mick Burke, who came through the front door moments later, saw all the policemen lined up against the day-room wall with the hands in the air. Leahy then instructed Burke to go back to the outskirts of the village to collect the commandeered van and its driver. When they arrived, the van was loaded up with all the police carbines, revolvers and a quantity of shotguns previously taken by the police in raids, plus grenades and ammunition. Joe Ahern and Tadhg Manley took the van and its contents to Manley's home at Tubbereenmire about four miles from Carrigtwohill. When he had earlier heard the explosion go off in the distance, Paddy Whelan knew by the silence which swiftly followed, that the attack must have ended in success. He ordered one of the men with him to take over as he was going to the barracks. The first two people he met when he entered the barracks, was Paddy O'Sullivan and Maurice Moore. He knew the lads well after going to St. Joseph boy's school with them some years earlier. All three would later join the 4th Battalion Flying Column. Whelan would also later see his two comrades lose their lives to British firing squads, after being captured at Clonmult. O'Sullivan had two half crowns in his hand and while showing them to Whelan, asked "what with you do with them Paddy?" To which Whelan replied, "The same as you're going to do Paddy". (14) After all the RIC were handcuffed and taken out onto the street, they were then marched to an area outside of the village and left there. When all the weapons, ammunition and documents were taken from the barracks, Mick Leahy lined up his men outside. He then congratulated them on a job well done, and after all sang a verse of the National Anthem, to which must have been a certain source of amusement to the local villagers, they were all dismissed. Before that, Mick Burke was again instructed to go to the end of the village to make sure all the outlying units had been given the order to stand down and disperse. When he arrived back to the area of the barracks, he found that all the others had already dispersed. He was now minus his previous mode of transport and so took an RIC bicycle from the barracks before peddling off for Cobh.
Michael Leahy and his Battalion of Volunteers must have felt very proud men when they left Carrigtwohill village on the morning of January 3rd. Perhaps they didn't yet realise it, but their military success was to set a new standard to follow for other Volunteer units throughout the country. Carrigtwohill would be the first of 492 RIC barracks to be abandoned by October 1920. The propaganda bonus from the capture was also immeasurably beneficial for the Republican Movement, with a Cork Examiner report in the days that followed, quoting the Barrack RIC Sergeant as saying hundreds of armed men swarmed the barracks, forcing them to surrender. In fact, the overall figure of those who participated in every facet of the operation was a little over fifty, while the actual number of men who physically fired on the barracks was no more than twenty-seven at any one time of the operation.
For the British, the attack bore out their worst nightmare. Since 1913, a radical element of the Irish Volunteers led by the secret IRB had been plotting an insurrection against the Crown. 1916 saw those outside of Dublin deprived of that opportunity by a series of blunders and uncontrollable circumstances. The British subsequently became aware that Cork was spoiling for the expected fight. They also knew that Michael Leahy of Cobh was one of those instigators, and was behind the development of the Volunteer Movement through out East Cork before and since his release from internment. Now, as they viewed over the damage to Carrigtwohill barracks, they must have been sick in the pits of their stomachs for knowing they had released Leahy from custody on at least four occasions since 1916. The effectiveness of how he and his men pulled off the capture of the barracks, must also have been very worrying, especially since it was almost noon of the next day before relieving forces arrived in Carrigtwohill. Ironically, most of the military had come from Belmont Military Camp in Cobh. These would be part of the same force that would participate in the round up of republican suspects in Cobh in the days and weeks which followed the attack.
Among many of the Volunteers that would be arrested and brought before an RIC identity parade at West View Barracks, would be Daithi O'Brien, Jack and Ned Stack, James Ahern and Michael Burke. There would of course be dozens of others arrested from the locality, but for some strange reason, the dispirited RIC officers from Carrigtwohill, refused to identify any of them as having participating in the attack. Although the vast majority were later released without charge, O'Brien and the Stack brothers were gaoled under the DORA act. The authorities also had their sights on Volunteer James Ahern, who was busy trying to get himself elected to the Town Council. The election was scheduled to take place on January 15th. Although he had no difficulty being elected, having topped the poll of candidates in his ward, Ahern was forced to go on the run almost immediately after his inaugural Council meeting. James Ahern was a seasoned republican activist, having been around from the very beginning of the Volunteer movement in Cobh. The British were well aware of these facts and were probably sure he had played some role in the Carrigtwohill attack. In the main, the authorities had a reasonable picture of who the main republican players in the town were, and now that they were left with egg on their faces, were determined to make life as difficult as they could for the rebels.
Extract from Kieran McCarthy's book: "Republican Cobh and the East Cork Volunteers", 'Non Such Publications', 2008.
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Revisit Cobh's Rebel Past with writer, historian and active member of the Cobh 1916 Centenary Committee - Kieran McCarthy.
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Charlie Lowell, an alumna of Maine Coast Semester 58, worked as a summer farm assistant at Chewonki this past season. She wrote this essay about her experience. Charlie attends Andover High School in Andover, Massachusetts.
Most days, I wake up before the sun rises. I roll gently from bed into dirty Carhartts and boots covered in the imprint of yesterday's work and stumble softly towards the barn, still, but teeming with the projects of the day unfolding. Almost without speaking, I slip seamlessly into the rhythm of pre-dawn farm chores: tending to the livestock, filling grain buckets, and carting milk pails and eggs towards their next destinations. Words are unnecessary in these moments of early daylight. There is a fullness to the quiet through which we move; a weight that we each hold, connecting our actions to each other and to this space. We understand the work that must be done and move through it with intention and understanding.
At the break of day, I watch my hands. Soil settles in my fingerprints; it is inescapable, permanent, deeply pressed under my fingernails and in the grooves of my palms. I'm almost proud of this–the calloused firmness of my hands and fingers, the certainty with which they move. It is a reminder of the way I have lived for the past 10 weeks and a guarantee that I won't easily forget what I have learned.
My time at Chewonki as a semester student led me immediately to the sloping pastures and rich soil of the Salt Marsh Farm, where I discovered a space of meaningful, engaged work, connection to the land, communal awareness, and appreciation for life itself. After my semester, I returned with dedication and curiosity to these rolling hills and wide garden beds to work on the farm for the summer. Within the crew of six equally invigorated, passionate farmers, I found energy and beauty pulsing in the air and earth around me.
We work intimately with life: seeding, tilling, plowing, cultivating, hilling, weeding, thinning, harvesting. We pull, shift, and shape, all hands and heart and earth, and life works with us. It folds against our palms. Some days, I can almost feel it beating there between my outstretched hands.
These days, my hands are more to me than I ever thought they could be. My palms carry with them both life and death, giving way to more life and death again. From my hands come zucchini, broccoli, carrots and tat soi, basil, chard, snap peas and tomatoes, strawberries, asparagus, summer squash, parsley. The list goes on. I find solace in these cycles of life and death, strength in the intention of my actions, connection to the land through which I move and joy in the work of a long, hot day. It is this that I crave most in the world: solace, strength, connection, joy. At Chewonki, I have found it time and time again, and each discovery leaves me craving more.
These days, I wake up before the sun rises. I tumble from bed and gently move outside, into the cool air and crystalline glint of September's early morning sun. If I breathe deeply and close my eyes, I can recall the weight of sunlight and work and soft earth. I watch my hands, and although they no longer bear the marks of the farm, I know their potential.