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Ai2 History
Our history has shown what we can be,
but the future tells how we can better serve you
Like many of our customers, Ai2 is family owned and managed. Ai2 was founded by John Katich in 1986 – a brilliant software innovator. In 2009, after John Katich's passing, Douglas Katich, Esq. sold his successful East Coast based intellectual property and commercial litigation law practice to take over leadership at Ai2. Unlike many of Ai2's competitors, Ai2 is debt free and non-venture capital funded.
Ownership has no exit strategy — only a commitment strategy. Ai2 depends on its customers' success, just as Ai2's customers depend on it. The company operates under three maxims imparted by its' founder:
- "It is better to turn the customer down than to let him down."
- "Sell the customer what they truly need, not necessary what they want;" and
- "Only happy customers buy more software."
The history of Ai2 started in 1986, Access International, Inc. was in the business of communications protocol converters. IBM midrange computers ran in synchronous mode, and Access provided a protocol that allowed them to interface with a variety of asynchronous input devices.
In 1989, a pharmaceutical supplier approached Access to develop a complex order entry system that would allow their Sales Reps in the field to send orders to their IBM midrange computer. The result was OrderTaker, a DOS-based order entry system. OrderTaker was later renamed OrderWriter® and marketed to other wholesalers with the IBM midrange computer.
In 1992, Access International created the ACS, a server based on IBM's OS/2 operating system. This allowed OrderWriter® to communicate with any computer, allowing Ai2 to provide their software to wholesalers running other mainframe, midrange, and minicomputer systems.
1993 saw the release of OrderWriter® for Windows, the first commercially available order entry system to permit the use of the pen and tablet PC's that the new Windows operating system made possible. Access focused its attention on sales automation, and providing its customers with highly flexible order entry solutions that could be easily customized to the needs of any wholesaler's business model.
In 1996, Access released WebWriter™, a web-based platform for customer order entry. This allowed a wholesaler to move the task of placing day-to-day restocking orders to their customers, freeing up their Sales Reps for things like increasing account penetration and opening new accounts.
In 1997, Access debuted CityDesk, an in-house order entry system that couples with OrderWriter® to provide the same information to both Sales Reps and Customer Service Representatives.
In 2003, Access took advantage of the developing power of handheld devices, and released POW®, a version of OrderWriter® formatted for the Pocket PC with the added ability to scan. This brought the power of OrderWriter® to a new range of customers, those working with retail stores. 2003 also saw the release of ACS for Windows server. Once again, Access International moved away from closely held backoffice systems to broaden the appeal of our products.
The history of Ai2 saw a revolution in 2008. The reduced cost of handheld technology made Pocket PC's cost-effective as an order entry device for customers. Access released HERO® and ACE™, smart and simple order entry solutions designed specifically for retailer use. Later in 2008 Access debuted POET®, the integration of over twenty years of sales automation know-how with the revolutionary features of the new Windows family of operating systems. POET® brings the flexibility that Access has always provided to its customers to the users themselves, allowing users to display information in new ways, so that they can better understand their business and provide better service to their customers.
In 2009, Access International became Ai2. This more modern appellation reflects our commitment to implement the most up-to-date hardware features and software capabilities to help our customers serve their customers. Although the name has changed, the ongoing commitment to high quality, flexible, powerful, easy-to-use software remains the same. This was also a sad year in the history of Ai2 with John Katich's passing.
In 2010, Ai2 debuted Apollo, a business intelligence and analytics tool designed to help managers and executives track sales data. Apollo is available as an add-on to any Ai2 product. 2010 also saw the introduction of Zap-It, a module for WebWriter that allows retail customers to scan UPCs and shelf labels. Zap-It is a low-cost way to automate several hundred retailers at a time.
2011 was a big year in the history of Ai2. In the first quarter of 2011, Ai2 introduced ProSel, a revolutionary new sales tool for the iPad. Keeping up with the demands of today's mobile sales force means giving them much more than order entry capability. ProSel is designed to be a complete catalog and presentation tool for any mobile sales representative. In September 2011, Ai2 moved to its new offices at 2 Prudential Plaza. Late in 2011, Ai2 debuted Pigeonholes, a fast and convenient app for enterprise document management on the iPad. The app allows for fast syncing of any file type to one or a thousand iPads in the field. The app is now known as bSource.
In 2012, Ai2 revolutionized customer order entry with the release of OrderShark™, a customer order entry app for Android, iPhone, and iPod Touch. OrderShark™ embraces the new "BYOD" (Bring Your Own Device) approach that promises to save our clients hours in user support and thousands of dollars in hardware costs.
In 2013, Ai2 rounded out its offerings with the release of DeliverPro, a full spectrum delivery documentation app for iPad, that covers everything from the drivers inspection to customer signatures to documenting receipts and deposits.
In 2014, Ai2 released eMarketer, a mobile marketing app with push notifications to help companies market directly to their customers' smartphones. OrderShark continued to gain adoption as retailers and distributors embraced a BYOD mobile app approach to their sales order entry. ProSel added several new enhancements, such as digital signature capture, exporting orders, and barcode label printing that was certified by Zebra. Also in 2014, WebWriter got a complete redesign to make it compatible with all the major browsers and mobile devices. Ai2 introduced OrderOasis, an online order entry solution for retailers, restaurants, bars, movie theaters, schools and anyone who needs to place regular orders.
As the history of Ai2 moves into the future, Ai2 is committed to continuing to develop the most flexible and reliable mobile order entry management solutions for our customers and their customers. Our goal, as always, is to help you do business better. Today it is estimated that our solutions are used by over 100,000 users each day to write over $100 billion in orders each year.
Ai2 is selected by The Walt Disney Company as the best of breed enterprise mobile solution provider to capture real-time, retail audits of approximately 500,000 Disney, Pixar, Marvel and Star Wars related consumer product SKUs in the Walmart, Target and Toys R Us retail outlets. The Ai2 / Disney Mobile Merchandiser Assistant app runs on an iPod Touch. Ai2's mobile order management platforms perform its One Trillionth order transaction.
Andrew Johnson, former executive manager for Apple Business, joins Ai2 as the VP of Business Development. As the history of Ai2 moves into the future, Ai2 is committed to continuing to develop the most flexible and reliable mobile order entry management solutions for our customers and their customers. Our goal, as always, is to help you do business better, faster and easier. Today it is estimated that our solutions are used by over 100,000 end users each day to write over $100 Billion in mobile sales orders each year.


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Dec 14 2003
By Wilson King
NFL Football Sports Betting – Inside the NFL football betting lines
Last month was a very good month for us. If you were going to compare it the career of Billy Zabka, Hollywood's favorite character villian, November was the Karate Kid/Just One of the Guys/European Vacation/Back to School era. December, on the other hand, has been more like the Shootfighter II/High Voltage/Roomies stretch of Zabka's career. For all of you out there that do not follow Billy Zabka's filmography as closely as my buddy Rich Fishman or Mrs. Zabka, let's just say that December has been a bit rough.
With no college football on the slate this weekend, Sunday's handle was up compared to recent weeks, but the influx of activity only made the pain of losing harder to handle. Big games were the soup du jour at the cyberbookie café, and we lost them all. We managed to stem the tide through a combination of volume, minor wins and basketball games. However, you can not make money by simply mitigating losses. Every once in a while you are going to have to land one big score on a Sunday.
For the second consecutive week, we needed the Monday Night Football game to help balance out the profit and loss statement. All of Oasis' eyes kept a careful watch on the Philadelphia vs. Miami game. While both sides were winners for us, thanks to a few wiseguys who fired the limit right before kickoff, a Miami win would help break up teasers and push the weekend's deficit a little closer to the black. The only problem for me was that the game aired directly opposite of HBO's presentation of "Getting There," a madcap, romantic teen comedy starring the Olsen Twins. To say that my loyalties were torn was an understatement.
Since my interest in the Miami game was only slightly ahead of my healthy admiration for America's favorite underage sex symbols, I spent the night rapidly surfing between ABC and HBO, trying to catch every snap without missing a moment of the campy dialogue or situational melodrama. However, my remote-driving skills are nowhere near where they once were. So, instead of having the ultimate television viewing experience, I missed all the major plays, as well as all of the crucial plot developments. Unfortunately for me, I did manage to catch was every Lisa Guerrero's sideline interview.
When the night was over, I was left with nothing but Vertigo and the following unanswered questions:
Who told Ricky Williams he looks good with that hairdo?
Is the sassy little spitfire Mary-Kate? Or is it Ashley?
Um, exactly who thought Donovan McNabb was overrated?
You are 16? You drive a convertible Mustang? And your parents are going to let you and five friends drive from LA to Salt Lake City to see the Olympics? Non-stop shennanigans ensue involving ski slopes, heated swimming pool and hot tubs, and no one accidentally gets naked?
Can any NFL team be less clutch than the Miami Dolphins?
Exactly when does Dave Wannstadt's deal with the devil expire?
Are we ever going to win a major decision during the month of December?
Stay tuned the rest of the month to see if these and other questions ever get answered. But more importantly, check back in two years to see if we'll get any accidental nudity in an Olsen Twins movie.

subset: commoncrawl


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Some shipments are still delayed. If you are planning a trip, please order well in advance.
The Suntech Kurenai HM39R is the best rod nobody buys. That's not quite true. People do buy it, just not nearly as many as I would expect given the quality of the rod. I see a lot of rods (heck, I sell a lot of rods - if you count up all the lengths and all the actions of all the rods, it's over a hundred possible variations). The Suntech Kurenai HM39R is truly one of the best.
Of course, which rod is "best" is largely dependent on what you intend to use it for. I've never done a survey (and have strong doubts about the accuracy of most surveys anyway), but I suspect that most American fly fishermen (and tenkara anglers) mostly catch stocked trout.
Different states stock different trout, but I believe most stocked trout are 9-10". Some states stock some two year old trout (about 14") but I think by far, most are one year olds, which are generally about 9 inches.
Holdover trout will be about 14-15" the second year. If they hold over to the third year, they've seen thousands of flies and lures and they probably eat mostly at night and you're probably are not going to fool them or at least not very often. Most anglers don't catch many trout over 15 inches.
A lot of people in the US don't have trout streams nearby. Luckily, most places that don't have trout have a ready supply of sunfish. Fly fishing for sunfish doesn't get written up in the magazines that much, but a lot of people do it. (The not-so-secret secret is a lot of people who do have trout nearby fish for sunfish, too.)
The average stocked trout and the average sunfish are the ideal size fish for the Suntech Kurenai HM39R. For that matter, above average sized stocked trout and above average sized sunfish are also within the capabilities of the the rod.
Most readers of TenkaraBum.com know I often fish with a guy I call Coach. His "go-to" rod is the Suntech Kurenai HM39R, whether we are fishing for trout, sunfish or bass. We fish together often enough that he has tried nearly every rod I have in stock. None are horribly expensive, so he could fish with any rod he wanted. He almost always fishes with the HM39R.
Most of the trout we catch, as well as most of the bass (and all the sunfish) are under a pound (roughly 12.5" for bass and 14" for trout). He has caught trout a bit longer than that, including the one pictured above, and had one much longer right up to his feet but couldn't get it into his net. He's caught bass that probably went two pounds.
The rod is a lot more capable than you would think, given its 6.5X max tippet limitation. I'm not sure the tippet limitation is what is limiting interest, though. The rod is very, very good at protecting light tippets. I fear people might think it is a small fish rod because my page on the Suntech Kurenai spends 80 percent of the time talking about little wild trout in little wild streams or about micros (which are even littler wild fish).
That part does hit home, though, and the much shorter HM30R is one of my biggest sellers. People absolutely love the rod. What is surprising (to me, at least) is the Suntech Kurenai HM39R is just as sensitive, damn near as light, more capable (because of it's length and the fact that the added sections are the stiffer ones near the grip so the rod has much more backbone), yet it doesn't get the love, or at least doesn't get the sales.
People buy the HM30R mostly for the tiny little streams, but most of the
places most people fish are more open - places where you could easily
use a 13' rod. The stream shown above is not large by any means, and Coach fishes it regularly with his Suntech HM39R. It's not stocked, but most of the fish we catch are the same 9-10" with a few up to 14".
I'm not complaining, I'm perfectly happy to sell the shorter HM30R, as well as the Nissin Royal Stages or Zerosums in the longer lengths. I'm just perplexed that the love affair with the HM30R doesn't extend to the HM39R as well. It really is an absolutely wonderful rod for the size stream most people fish and for the size fish most people catch.
You have a choice - you can fish with a rod that can easily handle the largest fish you're likely to hook, but will be overkill for 99% of the fish you'll actually catch, or you can maximize the fun factor for the overwhelming majority of the fish you do hook, while forever remembering the ones that got away. I know which one I'd choose!
The Suntech Kurenai grips are smooth to the touch but the covering is
still a very effective non-skid finish. A grip that is smooth but not
slick may not be what you expect, but it works.
The grip is narrower than on the tenkara rods you may be familiar with, but the rod is incredibly light. You grip it with you finger tips, not your palm. I have not felt the grip is too narrow, and I doubt you will either. In Japan, anglers who use similar rods for tenkara fishing occasionally build up the grip with the wrapping material used for tennis racquet grips, but I have never felt it was necessary.
The rod has a swivel attachment for the lillian similar to that that used by the high end Daiwa tenkara rods. It really does help reduce line twist and they are carefully engineered so that the tip section easily passes through the #2 section for disassembly.
The tip cap has a very snug fit and will not slip off by itself (as I have had happen with tenkara rods from more than one manufacturer). The grip cap has a hole for ventilation, but I would recommend taking the rod apart after each use to let it dry completely. Putting a rod away wet can ruin the finish. Be sure to keep it in a safe place while it is in pieces, though.
TenkaraBum Home > Rods > Suntech Kurenai HM39R
"The bitterness of poor quality remains long after the sweetness of low price is forgotten" - Benjamin Franklin
"Be sure in casting, that your fly fall first into the water, for if the line fall first, it scares or frightens the fish..." -
Col. Robert Venables 1662
As age slows my pace, I will become more like the heron.
The hooks are sharp.
The coffee's hot.
The fish are slippery when wet.
Beware of the Dogma
Currently processing orders that were received Oct 29.
To be notified when a specific item is back in stock, please use the Back in Stock form on and list the item(s) you want.
To be notified when new items are added to the shop and when any out-of-stock items are back in stock please use the This Just In... email signup form.
Both forms are on the TenBum Store site.
|Just to let you know I received the Kurenai HM39R and it looks fantastic but better yet it casts a #3 beautifully. Impressive. Wow!!
Mark D, Alberta


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AA-US Airways merger has achieved a major milestone with the integration of their frequent flyer programs. on 03/28/2015, AAdvantage has started integrating US Airways Dividend miles accounts.
Today, when I checked my AAdvantage account and US Airways Dividend Miles account, I noticed that my miles are already combined.
What if the transfer did not happen?
There is no need to panic. AAdvantage has already communicated that this process will take a few days, so I would recommend waiting for a few more days before taking any action.
What if you did not match your account or do not have a AAdvantage account?
If you have not matched your AAdvantage and Dividend miles accounts or do not have a AAdvantage account. you can still login with your Dividend miles account number and find out if the account is matched by AA or if you were assigned a new AAdvantage number.
Once you login, you can see your account summary showing your AAdvantage account number.
Integration of AA & US Airways frequent flyer programs in on the way. I have already seen the miles transferred to my AAdvantage account.
Don't panic if your Dividend miles are not yet transferred, this process is expected to take few more days to combine.
Disclaimer: Links mentioned in this post do not earn us any commission.
Editorial Note: Opinions, analysis and any calculations shown are authors alone. Information in this post is not reviewed, approved and endorsed by any airlines, frequent flyer programs or financial institutions


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Dewey Ar-15/M16 Pull-Through Cleaning Kit
Convenient, pull-through kit contains everything you need, in one compact unit, to effectively and easily clean your AR-15/M16 while on the move. Flexible cable with protective coating allows thorough cleaning without damage to the bore or muzzle end. Large, nylon bead slides along the cable and provides a non-slip grasp and easy pulling. Patch loop, brush connector, and sliding pull bead are permanent parts of the cleaning cable. Connector is 8″-32 tpi for rifle size brushes. Includes a 1/2 oz. bottle of Shooter's Choice FP-10 for cleaning, lubricating, and deep-penetrating corrosion protection. Compact, 1000 denier Cordura nylon pouch stores all components and Mfg: Dewey SPECS: Coated 30″ cleaning cable with 8″-32 female end, brass loop, bronze/steel chamber brush, coated steel T-handle chamber rod, brass stuck case remover, brass scraper & brass/steel pick, nylon bore brush; 1/2 oz. bottle of Shooter's Choice FP-10, assorted cotton pat


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True Romance, directed by Tony Scott and written effortlessly by Quentin Tarentino, is a romantic film for all who sit in darkness. It's a suave and rip-roaring experience into the lives of two young outcasts, comic-book clerk, Clarence, played by Christian Slater, and call-girl Alabama, played by Patricia Arquette. On a lucky occurrence, albeit far from star-crossed, they become hitched in deep and innocent love. The film has the quick, action-like pace that would characterize Tony Scott's later films, and the performances are all around well-done, complementing the casting at the same time: Christian Slater has a perfect taciturn smile like Travis Brickle, and Patricia Arquette has teeth like fangs, her deadly love shining through her 'peach-smelling' smile.
The story starts to roll when Clarence has become comfortable enough with Alabama as to defend her: he asks for her pimps address, and heads over to beat his head in, telling Alabama with proudly counter-suggestive truth, "I'm just going to get your stuff." He plans for more, and when he ends up getting out with her stuff, it turns out to be a case full of 5k worth of cocaine. Run? Yes. The newly wedded lovebirds flock to Clarence's fathers trailer, a police officer, and he asks if his dad, played by Dennis Hopper, has heard any talk with his name in it. When nothing shows up, Clarence packs their bags with free-minded joy, ready to live in prosperity.
The film of course has unknown ultimatums involved; Clarence will not see the last of the street thugs from Detriot. But what doesn't change and what is never unknown, is that Clarence and Alabama are deeply in love, melded by the violence they share together. A touching, morally-ironic film that is a testament to Tarantino's screenwriting ability.


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that work
for women
This content is available to Catalyst Supporters only. Become a Supporter now.
A truly effective diversity policy includes all aspects of diversity, including gender identity and gender expression. The sooner organizations recognize the importance of gender identity and gender expression as a workplace issue, the more inclusive the workplace can become. When companies support and hire transgender workers, they not only improve the recruitment and retention of transgender employees but also of "fair-minded employees."
Listen to this webinar to hear policies and practices to create inclusive workplaces for everyone—no matter what their gender identity or expression.


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VICTORIA – Invista is entering the final design phase for a $250 million project at its Victoria site to upgrade its manufacturing technology and increase production of adiponitrile, a key ingredient for nylon 6.6 fibers and plastics.
Construction for the project is slated to begin in first quarter 2019.
The new technology, developed and in use at the Invista facility in Orange, brings improved product yields, reduced energy consumption, lower greenhouse gas emissions, enhanced process stability, and reduced capital intensity compared to existing technologies.
Our twice-weekly e-newsletter provides a quick overview of Texas real estate markets. Because your time is valuable.


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Custom Lunch Bags Make Perfect Gifts: You can help co-workers eat healthier in the new year with our promotional lunch bags, these will make the best gifts now for 2019!
We all typically make new resolutions as soon as January hits each year, exercising and eating healthier. Here at Executive Advertising, we can simply get your company and co-workers ready with our logo lunch essentials and bags.
We have a large selection of imprinted lunch bags and will customize them for you with your 1-color free logo with no set up fees.
Neoprene lunch totes insulate up to three hours, you also can machine wash cold and drip dry. The logo BYO rambler lunch bag comes in black or navy and then your company logo decorated for free.
These custom lunch totes will make perfect office gifts and employee appreciation gifts, most employees will defiantly get in on the trend of being healthier and taking their lunches to work. Kids in school will love how cool these branded lunch bags are easy to carry, stylish and slip right into their bags.
So start making a great decision this new year by eating healthier with our new rambler lunch bags and other lunch ideas. Then your company can start handing out these awesome gifts to everyone!


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As a huge Simpsons fan, I did my best to build an accurate IMDb profile for Troy McClure. This combines references from the TV show, comic books, and video games. This page's source is on GitHub, so if you see something obviously wrong, submit a pull request and let's fix it. If you work at IMDb, instead of suing me, you should actually build this as a badass easter egg.
Thanks to Mike McCarthy for emailing a few recent corrections, and making me notice I left out a few entries from the Simpsons CD-ROM.
Troy McClure is a suave Hollywood leading man, whose breakout roles in the 1970s catapaulted him to worldwide superstar status. While both an accomplished film and TV star, McClure regularly shows his range by with appearances in infomercials and self-help videos. His slick, yet sincere performances are matched only by his classic Hollywood looks.
I'm a product designer and musician in Minneapolis, MN. I design and build Hum. I lead a band called The Usual Things. I work at Stack Overflow. I've also worked at GitHub and Adobe.


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Crafted With Precision
Made from large casted sheets of acrylic stone composite, that are cut into shapes and welded together. Lastly, the surfaces are grinded and polished giving the side table its soft feel and seamless joints.
Cleaning instructions
Please use a wet cloth to clean surface if coffee, tea or other liquids are spilled on the table surface. If the stain cannot be removed with a wet cloth, we suggest using a small amount of normal detergent together with the wet cloth. If the stain is not immediately removed upon having been made and unable to remove after, we suggest using #800 ~1200 grit sanding paper to manually polish the surface.


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Buy Twitter Accounts verification service
Buy Twitter Accounts verification, In as much as Twitter gave room for the users to verify their accounts, some people have been reluctant because they do not know the benefits associated with this. Some are reluctant because they do not know how to do it while others it is just out of ignorance. For those who do not know how to verify their accounts and want to use them for business purposes, buy Twitter account verification can be the best option. The following are reasons for purchasing Twitter account verification:
It enhances accountability and stability
This might be the reason Twitter opened up the verification process. This is a measure of security that whatever you are doing on this platform is genuine. It is also one way of dealing with harassment that comes from accounts that are not verified on this platform. When people see your verified account, you are likely to get more comments, followers, and likes on the account since other Twitter users believe you are genuine regarding the services and products you offer. This gives you more strength to keep on using your account for business purposes.
It is an essential security measure
For you to buy twitter account verification, you must have a valid email address and verified telephone number on your Twitter account. This is important since it encourages appropriate digital security. This can be of great significance when your account has been hacked, and you want to retrieve it. Also, this also helps in verification of other social media sites.
It discourages Twitter Identity Theft
If you purchase Twitter account verification, you will cut back on identity theft since it is a sign of authority. Other users will know that you have a blue check and they will easily know that anyone contacting without it is not you. Therefore, consider buying twitter account verification from reliable service providers.


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Pakistan Coca-Cola Beverages Workers Union show solidarity with Zero Rights campaign
On February 5 2019, Coca-Cola Beverages Workers Union (CCBWU) in Pakistan held its second General Council Meeting. Delegates to the meeting expressed their continued outrage at the ongoing human rights abuses within the Coca-Cola system in Indonesia, Ireland, Haiti, the Philippines and the USA. The union unanimously adopted a resolution extending their solidarity and support to Coca-Cola workers in these countries.
The General Council of CCBWU also adopted two policy documents. One focused on issues linked to the union's work with young workers and the other setting out a clear zero tolerance position on sexual harassment.
On February 6 the union held its first meeting of the newly elected leadership who reiterated their solidarity with the IUF's "Zero Rights" campaign.
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The results of a Right Management survey of 537 U.S. companies found that just 12 percent have a talent management strategy fully implemented into their organization. Very little consensus developed on the issue with 25 percent of respondents reporting that they have created a strategy but face obstacles with implementation and 7 percent reporting their strategy of consisting of only a list of objectives or a statement of philosophy. The largest single portion of the group (44 percent) said that they have non-integrated HR processes that function as a talent management strategy while 12 percent reported no strategy at all.
"While 12 percent of organizations have no talent management strategy at all, it is of equal concern that 76 percent of organizations face many obstacles preventing them from implementing a talent management strategy," said Owen J. Sullivan, Right Management CEO. "There is a need for companies to commit to a systemic effort to assess and align their talent management strategies in the context of their business strategies and build a pipeline of necessary talent required to succeed. The findings suggest that organizations of all types are struggling with how to address the critical challenge of attracting, developing, and retaining the necessary talent required to meet and execute their business strategy."
The greatest single obstacles to the implementation of a company's talent management strategy were found to be: insufficient budget or resources (18 percent), not enough clarity (17 percent), the need for a balance between short-term/long-term needs (17 percent), lack of support from senior management (10 percent), other (10 percent), lack of HR resources (9 percent), an unsupportive corporate culture (9 percent), a rapidly changing business environment (5 percent), and a lack of technology (4 percent).


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Did you know that the first man who came up with the idea of furnishing attic was a French architect Francois Mansart. Originally there were rooms for servants, poor students, poets and artists or workshops. However in the 40s of the last century a real revolution in the development of attic design happened, when Paris faces such problem as the lack of accommodation. Since then attic is considered a room and has lightning, heating and ventilation system.
No matter how many stories the cottage has, there always is an attic. And you just need to make it the most creative and cozy place in the house. The place for rest and relaxation, a billiard room, guest room, studio, library, glamorous boudoir, gym, study, kid's room with lots of space for active games – this is an incomplete list of effective ways of using this inviting and mysterious space. Due to its specificity attic needs proper chosen color more than other rooms in the house. It should be painted in light shades, especially if it can't boast its sizes. Delicate, pastel color will visually expand the space, create comfort and makes you feel on cloud nine.
External environment influences the attic really harshly, so it's just necessary to take care for paneling walls and ceiling with heat – insulating and waterproofing materials. You shouldn't forget about unusual attic lightning as well. In order to make the attic light and commodious you have to use special windows, which are the face of mansard. There is a huge variety in forms and constructions of modern skylights. The glass in them might have different shades; that allows you to choose the desired color tone of the interior.
Don't be mean when it comes to such details as carpet, curtains and other accessories. Pay special attention to window decoration. Roller blinds, Venetian blinds and Roman blinds are the most functional curtains because of specific angle of skylights. On one hand they protect your attic from excessive light and on the other hand they give a special charm to its interior. As for furniture it's better not to focus on quantity but choose it depending on its functionality and pick only the most necessary items. Nowadays you can easily find an incredible number of furniture for the attic in the shops. However if you can't find the one you are looking for you should opt for ordering furniture that will perfectly fit your attic.
Eventually, in compliance with all the nuances, attic will definitely become your favorite place in the house, where your household can have a rest from irritating routine and constant rush that accompany them in everyday life.


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General information on The Elephant:
Male: tail 1,5 m ; shoulder height 3,2 – 4,0 m ; mass 5000 – 6300 kg
Female: tail 1,5 m ; shoulder height 2,5 – 3,4 m ; mass 2800 -3500 kg
Identification pointers: massive size; long trunk; usually carries tusks; large ears. The Elephant can not be mistaken for any other species.
The Elephant is apart from its vast size the largest land mammal in the world. The Elephant is characterized by its long trunk, the large ears and the presence of tusks. The Elephant trunk is extremely mobile and is almost as efficient as the human hand. The large ears serve a display function but also assist in cooling the body. The backs of the ears are well supplied with blood vessels, and as the ears are flapped the blood is cooled. Elephants may also squirt water behind the ears to cool the blood. Tusks are characteristic of most elephants, although some individuals and even populations may be tusk less.
The heaviest pair of tusks on record came from an Elephant from Kenya — respectively 102,3 kg and 97 kg . Elephant tusks continue to grow throughout life but because of continuous wear and breakages they never reach their full potential length.
The Elephant once occurred virtually throughout southern Africa but it is now restricted to the extreme northern and eastern areas. An isolated, natural population is present in the Addo Elephant National Park and 2 or 3 individuals survive in the forests near Knysna , Cape Province . It still occurs widely in Africa south of the Sahara but the populations are becoming increasingly isolated and numbers are being reduced by poaching. Habitat: Elephant have an extremely wide habitat tolerance as long as sufficient food, water and shade are available.
Live in small family groups, each led by an older cow, the matriarch. Each ~group consists of the matriarch and her offspring and may include other related cows with their young. A number of family groups may come together to form larger herds, not infrequently numbering several hundreds. The family group retains its identity during these gatherings and normally the smaller groups move off on their own. These Iarge congregations gather when food is abundant or at water, but there are no reproductive or social benefits. If left uncontrolled herds may destroy their habitat, not only for themselves but for other species as well, and culling becomes essential. Adult bulls usually only join the family herds when cows are in breeding condition and leave to join bachelor groups afterwards. A cow may mate with several bulls during estrus. Although the Elephant is active both by night and by day, it usually rests in shade during the heat of the day. It is normally a peaceful animal but when wounded, sick, or in defense of a small calf it can be dangerous.


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I've played on rp-servers almost for 4 and a half years now. Oronil is my main character, my beloved boomie gone resto druid. This is part of her background story.
The ground felt cold. She was barefoot but that's actually what she liked. Every time her mother forced her to wear her leather shoes she took them off immediately after her mother wasn't around. The young child liked to touch her surrounding, nature. The trees, the flowers, water, the ground and animals. It had happened that she wasn't careful enough in her enthusiasm and it ended in her getting hurt. It drove her mother crazy. "Oronil, one day you'll get yourself into more trouble then you can handle." Her mother told her daily.
But the child just smiled and continued her investigations. She found a frog and caught it carefully. She took it home with her to show to her mother.
Oronil lived alone with her mother in the forests of Ashenvale. They had a small cottage and her mum provided food for the both of them. She was a skilled huntress. When Oronil noticed that the other children talked about their fathers and not only their mothers, she became curious and started to ask her mother where her dad was. "He's gone and it's best if you let it rest Oro. We do not talk about him in this house." Oronil didn't know what to respond to that. Why was her mother not proud of him? Why couldn't she know who he was?
She remembered playing in the living room with a tigerlike doll when he knocked at the door. When her mum opened the door Oronil's eyes grew big. She had never seen a figure like him. He had horns like the stags in the forests and a long dark beard. That was all she could see of his face because the rest was hidden by his hood. His robes had the colour of the forest and he was carrying a large staff. It was as if nature had stepped into the house. Oronil was impressed and a little scared of this figure. His gaze rested upon the child. "Is this his daughter?" he said in a low voice. Her mother nodded. "Her path is already chosen for her. In time I will come for her and train her. Let's hope his influence is little in her. Still his blood runs in her veins and we should watch her carefully." And with these words he left the house.
Oronil didn't understand what he had said. Was she sick? What was wrong with her? She asked her mother, but she said that little girls shouldn't worry about things like that and that she was perfectly healthy. Her mother combed her white hair and started to braid it. "Know that I love you very much Oronil. You are the child I always wanted. I will never leave you." She kissed Oronil's forehead. Oronil would always remember that moment.
It almost seemed as if she had waited for her mothers return for an eternity. Normally her mum was back during dinnertime, but when the sun had made place for the moon and it's stars she knew something was wrong. She was sitting in a chair in front of the window, waiting and watching. Her heart jumped when she saw a figure moving from the forest towards the house. She ran to the door and opened it, hugging her mother. But this person didn't feel like her mother, and he smelled differently. Her mum smelled of roses, this person, he smelled of nature. She looked up and saw the strange man that had visited them. She took a step back. "Mother is not here. I don't know where she is. She should have been here already. Are you going to find her?" And all of a sudden the child started to cry and fell to her knees.
The figure picked her up and said in a soft voice. "I'm sorry child, but you're mother is not with us anymore. When you're old enough I will tell you about her faith. I will take care of you now." He put her on the ground. "Go, grab some clothes and other things you want to bring with you. We won't come back here."
Oronil nodded and started to go through her things. When she was done and had walked back outside, she saw him standing next to an enormous tiger. "This is Karam, he will watch over you and me." Oronil slowly stroked his furry head and the big creature purred. She knew she was going to like this being. The elf put her on the tigers back and sat behind her. They rode of into the dark night.


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Esther 4:14
"Who can say but that GOD has brought you into the palace for such a time as this?"
Five years ago, on March 28 to be exact, Jon and I started the process of international adoption for a child from Ethiopia. God has done amazing things for us in those five years.
-The birth of our third biological daughter Ruth
-A home that feels like home
-The start of our mini farm
-A new church
-Homeschooling our daughters (and beginning to connect with other homeschooling families in our area)
The years have been full of transitions for us. And we have been eager to share what God is now doing with our adoption. I have received questions of 'if' we are still adopting 😉 My friends, it has NEVER been in question. The only question in our minds has been when will God move? How long must we wait? And what on earth is He waiting for?! Haha! But He has waited for a time as this. His timing is perfect, even five years later.
When we started the process one of our concerns was the financial burden. We have had a pie fundraiser, by Calvary Bible church in Meredith NH. An online silent auction from our friends and family. We started a puzzle fundraiser. And also a 10,000 donation from Centerpoint Church in Annapolis MD. All the money that was given to us sat in a bank account for years. YEARS. God provides, even in advance.
This past October we finally got the call we have been waiting for! Our referral phone call😀 We were able to pay immediately the full adoption fee! It was exactly what we had in our account! Is God not amazing!? We have since been working on paperwork, praying, and emailing closely with our agency.
We had asked for a boy or girl under the age of four, and were open to a child with 'special needs' specifically HIV+. ((We can make plans, but the LORD determines our steps. Proverbs 16:9))
We have accepted the referral of a beautiful little girl. She is healthy. She chubby. She perfect! We have seen her grow in pictures for the past 6 months and are so in love with her! We cannot wait to bring little 'S' home!
***Until she is legally declared our daughter we are unable to share any personal info via social media ie pictures, name...***
Please pray for her as she waits.
Please pray for our hearts to prepare well.
Please pray for paperwork to move along smoothly.


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The world's most dangerous garden
It's one of England's most beautiful year-round attractions, but this garden is home to 100 of the most infamous killers.
That's killer plants. Adjacent to Alnwick castle, the residence of the Dukes of Northumberland for more than 700 years, stands the Alnwick Garden. The garden is open 364 days a year and attracts more than 600,000 visitors annually.
The Duchess, Jane Percy, created the most unique section of the 14-acre garden for its visitors -- a poisonous garden. Among those we're told not to stop and smell: opium poppy, cannabis and others.


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The 23rd Annual Parade of Homes in Summit County will be taking place in Colorado this September bringing together prospective homeowners and some picturesque Colorado homes. This annual community and real estate event includes a tour of a variety of homes that represent some of the stateliest properties in places like Frisco, Breckenridge, and Keystone. Some of the homes on the tour are renovations while several are brand new, waiting to be occupied. The tour involves detailed descriptions of the neighborhoods, review of the local economy, and the lifestyle in areas like Breckenridge, Frisco, Keystone and other locales ready to welcome home buyers to the "Centennial State".
Tickets to the event are $20 per attendee and include access to the homes and info on each of these attractive Colorado locales and all they have to offer. Proceeds from ticket sales will be donated to The Summit Foundation, a nonprofit dedicated to the betterment of Summit County, and those who dwell within its borders. In years past the Parade of Homes has raised upwards of $35,000 for the Summit Foundation and the event organizers are hoping to do even better.
The 2017 Parade of Homes will take place on the weekends of September 23-24, September 30, and October 1st and it will feature around 20 homes. Again the event supports the efforts of The Summit Foundation, a community group established by the Breckenridge Ski Corporation back in 1984. The Summit Foundation is a public charity that has supported working families in need while also making an effort to improve the quality of life of the whole Summit County community as well as the neighboring communities. To learn more about the Summit County Parade of Homes as well as information on our current listings, contact us today.
By Coldwell Banker


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The iPad-Compatible Little Black Dress Has Arrived
Not everyone can pull off an iPad vest, which is why we're relieved that someone finally came out with a line of fashion staples that will look good on anyone — well, anyone who wants to carry around their iPad on their person at all times, that is.
iClothing is described on its website as "a modern take on old classics," and features a line of t-shirts and little black dresses outfitted with massive, massive pockets. Next up, the iPad tux? One can only dream...
[via TUAW]


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Points of Light Crystal and Mineral Gallery is located in the beautiful mountains of Western North Carolina. Just a couple minutes north of downtown Asheville, our gallery is a premier source of fine crystals, gems, minerals, and living art. You can also Shop Online with our secure shopping cart system. We are much more than just another rock shop. We carry a large amount of unique Quartz clusters and Amethyst geodes as well as healing stones and mineral specimens. We specialize in breathtaking interior design pieces made of Quartz and Amethyst as well as one of a kind pieces for Decorators, Collectors, and Healers. Every single item on display has been carefully and lovingly handpicked for quality, beauty, and energy. We work with a renowned group of internationally acclaimed crystal and mineral artisans and as a result carry some of the finest cut and polished pieces available anywhere in the United States.
Beautiful quartz crystals and spectacular amethyst are here from every corner of the globe. We are also home to a large selection of crystal singing bowls as well as a comprehensive and truly beautiful group of crystal healing wands including true "Vogel" quartz healing crystals. From museum pieces weighing more than a ton down to the smallest of our tumbled stones the quality and scope of our inventory are unsurpassed. We ship worldwide. Please check back often at our online store for new arrivals. We love to talk crystals and are here to serve you.
Points of Light Crystal and Mineral Gallery
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Asheville, NC 28801
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Yes, the tribute to Prince at Red Rocks Amphitheatre, happening Thursday, May 12, is definitely sold out. But check out this lineup of local all-stars who will perform as part of a musical celebration of the pop icon before the screening of Purple Rain at dusk.
The show will begin around 7 p.m. with a poem by spoken-word artist Suzi Q Smith. Ten local bands who make original music in a variety of genres, from the hip-hop of Flobots and Qbala to the psych-blues of Dragondeer, will then perform, culminating in an all-act finale of "Purple Rain." Check back here next week for more information from the participating artists on what to expect.
The event is put on by the Denver Film Society and Denver Arts & Venues, and doors open at 6:15 p.m.
Film on the Rocks Season Opener and Special Tribute to Prince Lineup:
Nathan Lund - MC
Stephen Agyei - MC
Suzi Q. Smith - Poet
Denver Gay Men's Chorus
Ian Cooke Band with Kevin Johnson of The Bright Silence, Elin Palmer and members of Chimney Choir
Shady Elders
Wheelchair Sports Camp
Andy Rok and the Real Deal
Plume Varia
Heavy Heavies
Film on the Rocks Prince Tribute event takes place on Thursday, May 12 at Red Rocks Amphitheatre. Check back for more information next week.
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Parliamentary History Project
Bowen Refuses To Bow Out
September 1803 is the anniversary of the first settlement of Van Diemen's Land by Europeans at Risdon Cove, although it was only used for this purpose by Bowen's original contingent of '49 souls' until abandoned in August 1804. Reluctantly putting aside the contentious issue of the indigenous population, this item recognises the historic significance of this event, especially in Australia's Centenary of Federation year of 2001. Another aim is to describe part of the early history of Tasmania that concerns Risdon but has rarely if ever been included in history books. Last year in 'David Collins; a colonial life' John Currey mentions that the 'relationship between Bowen and Collins was strained and formal', and little more is said. And it is not because the story is a boring one! In 1804 Van Diemen's Land - known as Tasmania from January 1856 -was beset with a clash of wills between two men seeking to govern the island simultaneously.
Some historical background is appropriate. NSW Governor Phillip Gidley King [here after Governor King] picked the River Derwent for a settlement, not least to beat the French in claiming the island. He also told authorities in London "For reasons of utility of [having] a Naval Officer's conducting a Settlement of that kind I was induced to accept Lieut. Bowen's offer" to take on the task. However, Bowen's version of this initial step was that Governor King offered him the job and only then did he "cheerfully give up the appointment at Norfolk Island". Bowen was to have been in charge there but chose to take on the Risdon Cove task because Governor King said that it was sure to be 'ultimately of vast importance to Great Britain". No matter which of these views is more accurate, Governor King gave Bowen instructions to name the new settlement"Hobart", after Lord Robert Hobart, the incumbent Under Secretary of State for War and Colonies.
Navy Lieutenant John Bowen [1780-1827 and hereafter Bowen] was the 23-year-old son of Admiral James Bowen, and was given his original commission on 13 March 1803. At this time his naval superior Captain Colnett also promoted him, and clearly explained that this was done 'unilaterally until the pleasure of my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty be known'. To supplement this action Colnett and to impress the French 'granted' Bowen permission to wear a new uniform because he was: "well acquainted with the fact that the higher rank an officer holds. the greater respect and attention is paid [to him] particularly by foreign nations. [therefore] I have taken the liberty of authorising you to wear the uniform of a Commander in the Royal Navy, without pay or addition to your salary
Governor King likewise authorised these steps without prior authority from his masters in London. He told Sir Joseph Banks that he had chosen to annexe VDL hoping that Lord Hobart would eventually approve of the settlement '.for the various reasons of a political as well as of a beneficial nature". In 1798 Bass and Flinders had made favourable remarks about the site, but whether or not it was a good thing to establish a settlement at Risdon Cove, Governor King told Banks: I shall leave it to Mr Bowen to fix a more eligible spot if one presents itself'.
From this statement two questions arise: Was Bowen too young for the job? ; And did he choose the wrong site? Bowen's opinion was made clear shortly after arriving in VDL on 12 September he wrote to Governor King on 20 September 1803 saying that: "There were so many fine spots on the borders of the river that I was a little puzzled to fix upon the best place, but there being a much better stream of fresh water falling into Risdon Cove than into any of the others.
Notwithstanding being a 'little puzzled', the youthful Bowen told Governor King what he thought of the banks of the Derwent. They are " more like a noble man's park in England than an uncultivated country. .I could with ease employ one hundred men upon the land about us; and with that number, some good men among them, we should soon be a flourishing colony". This comment alone suggests that Bowen was looking forward to a future in or on the island although other historians suggest that he was not. This supposition is reinforced because in February 1811 and March 1812 Bowen asked the Colonial Office to be considered for the position of Lieutenant-Governor of VDL. He also sought the position of Secretary to Commissioner John Thomas Bigge who undertook his crucial review of the colonies in the mid-1820s.
Nevertheless on 7 October 1803 Governor King wrote to Secretary of State for the Colonies Edward Nepean in London, and said that he had: "this instant heard that Lt. Bowen had landed safely at Risdon Cove in the River Derwent on VDL, and that he speaks in high terms of the beneficial settlement. By 27 September 1803 Bowen was even more enthusiastic about his embryonic settlement, which was quickly adorned with 'very comfortable huts' for the soldiers and prisoners. He also noted that 'within a month' Richard Clark, a stonemason, had built a stone storehouse. Consequently, as a further result of Bowen's favourable reports, Governor King sent him more convict 'volunteers', and additional troops under the command of Lieutenant John Moore.
Bowen was issued with a second and more detailed Commission on 13 October 1803. He was to take the said settlement [called Hobart] and island into your care but he undermined himself by his next action. Governor King was flabbergasted when in January 1804 Bowen, because he 'judged it fit', travelled to Sydney. He left Lieutenant Moore in charge of his fledgling settlement because he had discovered, Bowen claimed, a 'very dangerous plan' amongst his soldiers to rob 'the public store'. We must note in Bowen's defence that in those days this type of crime was a capital offence, over which Bowen had no legal authority.
In the mean time unknown to Bowen, Governor King, had given Lieutenant-Colonel David Collins - sent from England to settle the Port Phillip District [of Victoria] - a letter to deliver to Bowen. It was written on 26 November 1803, which was just seven months after Bowen had given up a promotion at Norfolk Island to settle Risdon Cove. The letter said that should Collins abandon the troubled settlement of Victoria, and determine on Hobart, you will immediately resign the command of the settlement to him Making this clearer Governor King said if Collins chose Port Dalrymple then Bowen was to 'give up Risdon to Mr Mountgarrett'; Dr Jacob Mountgarrett was surgeon at Risdon. Beset by problems in Port Phillip such as poor access to drinkable water, Collins finally chose the Derwent as an alternative site for the 500 or so people with him at Port Phillip. He had been told by Governor King, thata settlement has already commenced and stocked, al'tho on a very small scale'.This fact alone was a 'strong inducement' said Collins to relocate there.
The ludicrous problem was that Bowen was not in Risdon to receive any communications from Governor King or Collins - he was on his way back there himself! Bowen was absent when Collins landed at Risdon Cove at 6.30pm on 15 February 1804, although George Prideaux Harris, Collins' surveyor, told his mother they landed at 7pm. No matter which is the more accurate, after a rough 16-day trip from Port Phillip - instead of the expected 3-days - Collins, a poor sailor, had previously arrived in the Derwent on the 11 February 1804. His party were onboard the "Ocean" a chartered private vessel but because it was 'blowing very severe' according to Captain John Mertho's log, it stopped them sailing on to Risdon. Nevertheless, Collins' disembarkation was honoured at 10am on the 16 February 1804 by an eleven-gun salute fired from the 'Ocean'
Captain Mertho rather politely says that Collins was simply "not approving" of Risdon Cove. Collins himself found Risdon a very hard place to enter being almost choked with thick mud, which he considered would be futile to dredge repeatedly. Collins also considered Bowen's stone storehouse had been built in a very bad location. It was, Collins thought, too susceptible to flooding, and any attempt to relocate it further up the hill would prove to be too arduous. [Collins subsequent promotion of Richard Clark proves his workmanship was not in question here.] Surveyor Harris too felt that Risdon was 'so unfavourable for the purposes of forming a town, tho [sic] well calculated for farming'. Indeed a future Premier of Tasmania, Thomas George Gregson later had a farm there.
After the cannonade salute at Risdon on 16 February Collins sent Harris, and William Collins [Harbour Master], in search of an alternative site. Mertho writes that, on their advice Collins 'pitched a place five miles lower down the Derwent', where a good stream, Harris said, had a '.run of Capital water and every other conveniency [sic], where we shall shortly lay out the foundations of Hobart Town". Two days earlier Harris, in a letter to his mother, mentioned '.least I should forget it, your address to me will be at "Sullivan Cove River Derwent, VDL". This was almost the same place name Collins had used for his previous settlement at 'Sullivan Bay' Port Phillip, after John Sullivan Under Secretary of State at the Colonial Office in London
On the 17th Collins also examined an area farther up the River Derwent, known today as New Town as a separate location for his group of free settlers. Whilst undertaking this exploration Collins had his tents temporarily erected at Risdon. Two days later these tents were struck and 'possession was taken', says Collins, of VDL, on 19 February at his new "Head-Quarters Camp, Sullivan's Cove". Captain Mertho's ships' log also records that they dropped anchor in the Cove at 4pm, although Collins did not stay on land that night; instead he slept onboard the "Ocean".Next day, the 20th, he had all the remaining tents relocated, and the Reverend Bobby Knopwood, [hereafter Knopwood] the island's first and well-known cleric records that Collins and some of the civil officers went ashore. Therefore it is the 20 February 1804 that is the commonly accepted date for the birth of the settlement of Hobart Town. Keen to get started Collins was, "anxious" he wrote to Governor King on 28 February 1804, 'to have the honour of establishing a permanent settlement."
Bowen's absence and Collins' 'anxiousness' are the root cause of the constitutional clash that occurred at the birth of government in VDL. Bowen was clearly instructed to resign when he made contact with Collins. This fact was also made clear to Collins in the conclusion of Governor King's letter to him that said in the event of your fixing on Hobart, I enclose a letter for the Commandant, requiring him to give that command up to you"
Whilst attempting to return to VDL Bowen was however delayed on Cape Barren Island by a crippled vessel, and only arrived in the Derwent on 10 March 1804 on board the "Pilgrim', a vessel 'hired' by him at great cost to Governor King. 19Century local historian J.B. Walker suggests that Bowen must have been "considerably mortified' to find Collins at the Derwent. However, in reality Bowen would have already known this because he had called in at Port Phillip to 'catch up with him'. He had been directed to do this by Governor King only to learn that Collins had left. When Bowen arrived in Tasmania, Collins had been in the Derwent for almost a month, and in that time he had moved his camp from Risdon to Sullivan's Cove. For Bowen this may have been the greater 'mortification'!
Nevertheless, a clash of wills arose between Bowen and Governor King and between Bowen and Collins. This was underpinned by the fact that Bowen claimed that by being forced to visit Collins at Port Phillip, he had missed his chance to rejoin the navy. When Bowen had sailed to Sydney in January 1804 he initially claimed he did so after discovering a planned robbery. But when he wrote to Governor King, on 21 August 1804 he admitted that he had heard that England and France were again at war. Therefore he planned to resign as "Commandant' and rejoin the navy, no doubt hoping for rapid promotion under fire.
Governor King rejected suggestions that Bowen missed his chance to sail to England saying that whilst he 'applauded the motives' for the resignation, it was Bowen's own delaying tactics in Tasmania that cost him four opportunities to join in the war. Governor King, no doubt unknown to Bowen, had also asked Collins to 'send Mr Bowen back by the [ship] "Calcutta", so "that he may be in the way of that promotion in the Navy that I conceive his exertions warrant him expecting" Collins whilst still at Port Phillip replied to Governor King on 27 January 1803 saying that he would readily give Bowen the opportunity to "quit the Colony".
Reluctantly forced to return to Hobart, Bowen refused to resign his 'Instructions' and 'deliver up' the public stores to Collins! Bowen said he would continue to 'consider myself fully as respectable while I commanded the settlement at Risdon Cove." Bowen held firmly to the view that his second commission or Warrant as Commandant, dated 13 October 1803, named him ruler of the whole 'Island of VDL'. He also claimed that he was of "no inconvenience to him [Collins], as he had settled on the opposite side of the river, nearer the sea".
Bowen did make a half-hearted offer to Collins to give up the public stores but not his commission. Collins, however, was understandably unhappy about this proposal, and Bowen using great understatement described Collins reactions as having no particular delicacy in his conduct". But Collins, with the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel in the Royal Marines was commissioned as Lieutenant Governor [of Port Phillip], and would not accept the stores from Bowen without the command. In his view he outranked Bowen who was only a yet to be confirmed naval Lieutenant and at most was commissioned as a "Commandant". Fundamentally, both Collins and Governor King believed that Lord Hobart's authority based on His Majesty King George III's signature indisputably established Collins' superiority, whether at Port Phillip or elsewhere.
Recall that Governor King had sent Bowen to VDL before he had official instructions from Lord Hobart to do so, and the letter to Sir Joseph Banks' noted above confirms this. Governor King also mentioned this 'interim' status in his General Order of 29 March 1803 which described Bowen's appointment as Commandant over an 'expedient' settlement. Governor King had issued these Orders only 'until the King's pleasure be known'. Captain Colnett too had said Bowen's promotion was subject to Admiralty approval, but the outcome for Bowen was hardly likely to be a 'pleasure' because he would lose his new status. He especially complained that when taking on the job to rule VDL he did "not know of any chance there was of my being superseded'. Governor King at the time of appointing Bowen was, in his defence, completely unaware that Collins had even left England.
Bowen's refusal to resign meant he remained as 'Commandant' of the tiny settlement at Risdon Cove. This was not least a constitutional stupidity, and was very far from the 'no inconvenience' Bowen suggests. Governor King knew this and in another letter to Collins, said in his view 'there was no necessity for two Governors being within six miles of each other'! This constitutional clash of wills dragged on for weeks until partially resolved three days after a dramatic and well-documented clash with Aborigines at Risdon Cove. This tragic massacre has been well documented elsewhere. Prior to this sorry event as early as March 1804 Collins had issued rules controlling the shuttling of small boats between the two settlements in order to forestall any escapes. Collins learnt of the Risdon incident at the time he received fresh 'instructions' from Governor King establishing his superior status. These arrived on 6 May and Collins in his own words 'lost no time taking command of Risdon'. He proclaimed his "authority of every person or place in the Derwent River' on 8 May 1804. Collins made it clear that Bowen had no jurisdiction other than over the unruly convicts and troops within the tiny Risdon settlement, but Bowen still refused to bow out.
Therefore, Collins started to tell Bowen what to do at Risdon. For example, Bowen was to give two ewes to each settler, and instructed him to post a guard on his - Collins'- stores. To help solve this 'strained relationship' or constitutional clash Collins decided to abandon Bowen's embryonic settlement. He wrote to Governor King on 15 May 1804 saying that in his view, 'there certainly can be no longer any advantage in maintaining an Establishment at Risdon Creek, as I am in a much more eligible situation'. Still Bowen continued to linger on in Hobart, and apparently rather enjoyed his last weeks there. In fact Knopwood, says that Bowen spent his time exploring, hunting and staying overnight with Martha Hayes his mistress at her farm at New Town.
Weeks transpired before Collins finally issued a General Order on the 29 June 1804 pointing out the 'removal from Risdon was very shortly to take place". He also instructed Bowen 'not to suffer any buildings either public or private to be injured or taken down'. This was because Collins wanted none of the huts built at Risdon dismantled. He wanted to and did in fact use some of them at his own settlement, which he began to call Hobart Town, appropriating the name from Bowen's tiny settlement.
After delaying for five months Bowen finally handed over his commission to Collins and left VDL on 9 August 1804, and with him went the majority of his small contingent of soldiers, convicts and settlers. Collins was glad to see the back of these troops because of their 'unsoldierlike service', and they were also of a 'mutinous design". He was equally happy to be rid of the 'daring, flagitious and desperate' prisoners', because he found most of them 'quite atrocious'. Not least Collins did not want the 'trouble that might attend bringing the convicts and troops to discipline'.
By his departure Bowen ended this constitutional clash and left VDL never to return, leaving Martha his pregnant mistress behind. Her children went on to play various roles in VDL history, whilst we have seen that Bowen did make some attempts to return. Bowen also left behind a mare for which he claimed £100 from Governor King, who was unable to pay this amount although to placate Bowen gave him four cows instead! When Bowen left Sydney on 31 January 1805 Governor King also paid £100 for his passage home.
In conclusion, in his own words Bowen felt that he had 'executed his service with zeal and integrity', but it still seems hard to believe that this constitutional clash is a true story with Tasmania having two governments simultaneously less than five miles apart. It also shows that David Collins' term of office as it appears in most standard lists of Tasmanian Governors did not automatically start on 16th , 19th nor even the 20 February 1804. What Collins thought of Bowen's actions has not survived!
|Written By Terry Newman
Project Manager,
Parliamentary History Project
|For a shorter version of this item:
Hobart Mercury newspaper
Saturday 15 September, 2001


text:
A firefighter wannabe was busted for setting a blaze at the Brooksville, Fla., library and showing up to help put it out, cops said.
Joseph Brannen allegedly arrived in full gear to help douse the flames — which did $500,000 in damages — but was rebuffed by the real heroes.
His behavior was so weird that he came under suspicion, and police soon built a case against him.
Cocoa Beach, Fla., residents are upset over a neighbor who they say has created a "naked hangout" retreat, and we do mean "hang out."
The Alta Vista Hilltop Retreat allegedly posted an ad listing $99-a-night "rent" and a clothing-optional pool.
Lawyers for the residents are trying to shut down the retreat, claiming that it's an illegal "bed and breakfast."
A bucolic German town is tweaking nature to keep a burgeoning goose population under control.
The green-poop machines are overrunning and dumping on tourist areas in the Bavarian town of Sand am Main, so footbridges are being built to their island breeding and nesting ground, allowing natural predators to dine.
People are happiest when they don't know any better and when they don't care anymore.
A German study shows people are happiest at ages 23 and 69. They are unhappiest in their 50s.
The researchers say the youthful optimism at 23 and the quiet acceptance of old age at 69 are the cause for joy at those ages.
Sadly, people in their 50s are at beginning to realize their dreams are out of reach.
Young North Korean despot Kim Jong-un has approached Germany's Paulaner Brewery about building a Bavarian-style brew pub for Kim's elite ruling class.
Paulaner has spurned Kim, so we're hoping that no missile-firing tantrums are coming.


text:
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