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MorgataLevel 2
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Everything posted by Morgata
Does IFTTT really need to have notifications turned On for the recipe to work properly? I've reverted back to using "Add Evernote Reminder" and skipping IFTTT entirely. IFTTT doesn't seem to consistently trigger, and so I'm going to just add notes directly until a better solution comes along.
That was very logical, helpful, and thanks to your suggestion, I've gotten it working. The trick for me is, I say to Siri, "Add Reminder Take Fluffy For A Walk." When I do that, Siri says, "Okay, I'll remind you." Then the IFTTT recipe is triggered, and it auto transcribes it to "Siri Notes" in Evernote. Awesome. Thank you, DTLow!
Thanks for the reply. I verified the Siri Search settings are on. The IFTTT recipe I have has never been trigged. It would be nice to be able to speak a note to Siri, have it Saved in Evernote, and have that done without Siri asking, "Which List Should I add that to?" Specifically, I'd like to record notes in the same Evernote Note without Siri asking me every time which list it should be saved to. If that can be done, how do you do that, please?
I've been unable to get the IFTTT recipe, "Speak Notes to Evernote using Siri and IOS Reminders" to function, at all, and am curious if anyone has ideas on how to get it functioning properly with my iPhone 7. Steps I've taken: 1. IFTT account is set up and other Applets are functioning properly. 2. I set up Speak Notes to Evernote using Siri and IOS Reminders by a). Created a Reminder List titled, "Evernote," and b. Created an Evernote Note titled, "Siri Notes." I clicked the "Check Now" button and it indicates, "Checked." When I activate Siri, I say, "Add Evernote Reminder Take Fluffy for a walk." Siri then asks me which list I would like to add the note to, and I say, "Siri Notes." Siri will then save the note correctly to the Evernote list titled, "Siri Notes." While this in itself is convenient for taking notes on the fly, it would be nice to avoid having to answer the follow-up question from Siri asking which list I'd like to save the note to. When I check the Activity Log in IFTTT, it doesn't show that any recipe related to this was launched. If you are currently using a version of this recipe that launches, what's the title of the recipe, please? (There are several variants on IFTTT). Anyone have tips on how to get this recipe working properly, please?
Yes, I see that. Thanks. It's available, but requires more steps to access, versus previous versions where you could just click the spinning icon at the top of the screen. Hope they bring that feature back.
When I click on the user screen, there's no sync icon that I see. If I scroll down, there is an option to "Sync Now." In previous versions the sync icon was at the top of the screen. It'd be nice if there was a sync icon at the top of the screen within shortcuts.
1. I do see that option, which is uself. However, this option is unavailable if navigating to the note through a shortcut 2. I don't see the original sync icon anywhere within the app. When you indicate "user screen," which screen are you referring to, please? 3. With the latest iteration for IOS, I primarily navigate from the Shortcuts screen. And there doesn't appear to be any way to edit a note, then see it's sync status upon closing. I see the spinning sync indicator if dragging down from the notebook list, but not from the shortcuts list. For future development, I want to suggest a sync icon on the shortcuts screen. If there's a way to see the sync icon from the shortcuts screen, please let me know.
Is there a sync icon in the latest Evernote IOS App? In previous editions, I could see when the App was syncing with the Evernote servers, but in the latest IOS App, which is a pretty great version, this functionality seems to be missing. Does the sync icon exist, and if not I want to suggest this as a feature? Thanks.
Hi, When I scan business cards, they upload to the Mac Contacts program, but only the phone number and email address import -- there is no name for each Contact. To clarify, I've set up my Scansnap Evernote edition on my mac to scan business cards, and it scans them successfully, including the specified tag and folder. In Evernote it shows the pic of the card and has all the contact information. But when it's automatically exported to the Apple Contacts program, ONLY the phone number and email address show. Is there a workaround to this problem or is this a known issue? Thanks.


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My Account
Maglia Inglese Hat
FAF8492 / Made in Italy
Sirio Melange (MA76)
Product details
Composition: 100% cashmere
Wash by hand or at 30 degrees using neutral detergent (Loro Piana Cashmere Soap) or dry clean using perchloroethylene. Clean separately inside out. Warm iron.
Free shipping.
Within the E.U. we ship using DHL express and your order should arrive within three to five business days.
There are customs and duties assessed on orders delivered to Russia, to pay directly to DHL at the time of delivery.
Contact Product Specialist:
+39 02 7780 2800 (International)
800 925 545 (From Italy)
Write to us:
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subset: commoncrawl


text: MyLittleFinger #801 Posted May 5, 2014 So who the hell is that blonde woman in all those scenes at Kings Landing? Like I read every book 8 times over and I'm a huge fan of the series, but who is she? Is she a new character D&D invented? I'm honestly confused. Why is she talking to Marge and Tywin and Oberyn, how does some unknown character get such prominence? What's her back story? She seems sort of familiar, but I can't quite put my thumb on it, is she a mix of characters? Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Here is a list of everything I want to do in life. Maybe one day, some of you as my readers can help me achieve these goals.
- Storm Chasing in the big leagues following a Tornado
- Being an actor in a movie, even if it is just a small part. However, I must have at least one line.
- Getting more than 20,000 Twitter followers
- Going to Hawaii
- Scuba diving
- Going on a cruise
- Going to New York City (Where hopefully I meet Jimmy Fallon)
- Meeting Jimmy Fallon for more than just a handshake
- Meeting a US President
- Creating an online sensational video that goes viral
- Meeting Oprah (I know it seems lame, but come on… she is Oprah!)
- Going Sky Diving
- Flying on a Private Jet
- Designing my own home
I will come with a few more later. What are some things on your bucket list?


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Fork lift trucks are not designed to travel at high speeds. The steering and braking characteristics are different from many other types of vehicle. There is equipment available that can physically control the speed of fork lift trucks but it adds cost and is readily resolved when using an AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) and industrial carts, like those offered by Topper Industrial. Some fork truck systems will allow different maximum speeds to be established in different zones.
When pre-programmed, AGVs are implemented with industrial carts creating Fork Truck Free environments, the variability of drivers is removed.
Operations managers use certain guidelines to estimate the appropriate speed of fork trucks on the plant floor. Often, they carry out a risk assessment and determine the maximum speed(s) to be used. These suggested speeds are then communicated to the operators and use signs where appropriate.
More difficult is ensuring that the speed limits are enforced by managers and supervisors. There is no highway patrol to write speeding tickets on the plant floor. Even a sound system of sanctions, like "three strikes and you are out" is very difficult to monitor and manage. It also hurts employee engagement and morale.
These speed limiters are comprehensive and highly reliable and have been fitted to over 1,000,000 vehicles worldwide. While these companies have conducted extensive research, and maintain a large database of truck data to design truck specific systems with extremely comprehensive installation instructions, the only sure fire way to assure speed limit compliance is moving to a Fork Truck Free (FTF) environment.
To read more, go to: http://bit.ly/2powjxN
About Topper Industrial
For more than twenty years, Topper Industrial, (www.TopperIndustrial.com) based just outside of Milwaukee, WI, has been a leader in the material handling equipment industry. The company's product roster features industrial carts, conveyors, lifts, lifts & tilts, shipping racks, containers, casters, and cart components. From mother-daughter carts to quad steer carts to tilt carts and rotate carts, Topper's material handling solutions make delivering material line side more effective through more efficient practices. Topper Industrial has a team of experienced professional experts able to assess and provide the right product for all material handling equipment requirements.
Topper Industrial is a proud member of MHI. The Topper Industrial client roster includes Anderson Windows, Detroit Diesel, Honda, Kia Motors, Ford, Chrysler, Aramark, Johnson Controls, Whirlpool, and Caterpillar. Follow on Twitter @TopperInd. Call 800-529-0909.
Media Contact
Company Name: Topper Industrial
Contact Person: Jillian Burrow, Marketing Manager
Email: email@example.com
Phone: 262-886-6931
Address:1729 NE Frontage Road
City: Sturtevant
State: Wisconsin
Country: United States
Website: www.topperindustrial.com


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Royalton CHIC Punta Cana
A wedding rolled out on the golden sands of Uvero Alto beach at Royalton CHIC Punta Cana is the most stylish way to lock in your love for eternity. Whether it be a picture-perfect ceremony on the beach or a private wedding for the ages at CHIC Mansion, ignite the rest of your life with an all exclusive luxury wedding. Beachfront vows followed by a delicious dinner in tropical elegance are the standard at Royalton CHIC Punta Cana, where wedding packages are tailored for any taste and budget, so you can customize your special celebration just the way you'd like it.
Create your dream wedding as unique and special as the two of you with personalized attention and wedding packages starting from free*. Complimentary packages include wedding coordinator, ceremony and dinner, wedding cake, and spa discount. Our professional wedding concierges will take the worry out of planning, ensuring you're relaxed and ready to share this special moment with loved ones.
Important Documents
Wedding Venues
Beach Gazebo
Wedding Packages
CHIC Luxury
Package includes up to 10 guests – More attendees can be added for an additional cost.
CHIC Classic wedding package can be upgraded to a civil ceremony with the addition of the notary fees
CHIC Mansion
For the ultimate CHIC experience, book the CHIC Mansion, an 11,500 square feet private home for your wedding. Package based on 12 guests staying at Mansion.
Just The Two Of Us
The "Just the Two of Us" Package is designed for the bride and groom who are planning a private elopement. Just the Two of Us wedding package can be upgraded to a civil ceremony with the addition of the notary fees
Luxury Honeymoon
The Honeymoon Package is designed for the newlyweds who have been married within the last 6 months and are looking for some peaceful romance.
*Only applies to bookings with Presidential suites or the CHIC Mansion
Custom Add-On Experiences
The Custom Add-On Experiences can be purchased and combined with any chic wedding package:
Dominican Experience
- One hour private cocktail party including three Dominican hords d'oeuvres and two traditional cocktails with a coconut station.
- 2-hour traditional Dominican dinner in a private location with a Dominican dessert station. Includes 2 hours of national open bar
- Perico Ripiao performance during dinner reception (45 minutes)
- Rum tasting
CHIC Welcome Party Experience
Wedding Form
* Indique le champ obligatoire
1-877-687-7793 or email@example.com
Merci de renseigner le formulaire.


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Youth work in Finland
General information and current events
The Finnish National Youth Council Allianssi Allianssi is the national youth council of Finland and a service and advocacy organisation in the field of youth work. We are a non-profit NGO with over 130 national member organisations.
YOUTH2020 gathered 2500 Finnish and international guests to Tampere, Finland, in 14th to 16th of January. The conference offeed interesting keynote speeches, workshops, panel discussions, and all other sorts of events for all professionals and volunteers working in the youth sector.
Youth2019 event in Turku 27.-28.3.2019 Allianssi gathers national partners and organises an annual large scale conference for the entire youth work field, involving Finnish youth workers, youth organisations, youth researchers and decision-makers.


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2016 BMW 330e iPerformance Saloon Review
BMW 330e iPerformance Sport
BMW has introduced plug-in hybrid technology to one of its best-selling models, the 3 Series...
What is it?
Sales of BMW's electric car range are rising across Europe thanks to innovative models such as the i3 Hatchback and i8 supercar, so it's no surprise that it is now introducing the technology to some of its more traditional models. The BMW 330e iPerformance is a new plug-in hybrid version of the popular 3 Series saloon and it's the eco-friendliest version of the car ever built. With a claimed economy of 148 MPG when used in electric mode, it would be easy to assume that the 330e isn't as exciting to drive, but it has serious performance credentials too. Can a plug-in hybrid version of the 3 Series really prove popular in Ireland however, where diesel model sales reign supreme?
What is it like?
From the outside, the 330e looks like a regular 3 Series, but eagle-eyed enthusiasts will notice 'eDrive' badges behind the rear windows and a filler flap up front which opens for charging the electric battery. Most manufacturers try hard to make their hybrid models stand out, but it's nice to see that BMW has opted for subtle styling enhancements. Our test car is certainly eye catching though, finished in a lovely Mineral White paint offset against dark 17-inch double spoke alloy wheels.
Inside, the 330e is much like a regular 3 Series, except for electric mode buttons and battery power readings in the driver's display area. The 'Sport' version we drove features black Dakota leather upholstery inside, along with an optional Professional Media package that includes satellite navigation, real time traffic information and BMW's excellent concierge service. It is also specced with other desirable extras such as electric front seats with driver memory and an Anthracite roof lining for an extra-luxurious feel. There are four specifications with the entry SE, Sport, Luxury and range-topping M Sport.
Underneath the bonnet is where the 330e is particularly special, combining a 2.0-litre turbocharged petrol engine with an electric motor and an 8-speed automatic transmission. On pressing the start button, the 87bhp electric motor silently takes over and the 330e drives power to the rear wheels. In electric mode, it accelerates fiercely up to 100km/h before the 181bhp petrol engine kicks. It is possible to alternate between different modes of driving through a button beside the gear lever or it will do this automatically, but when both the electric motor and petrol engine run in tandem in 'AUTO eDrive' mode, the 330e produces 249bhp and can accelerate from 0-100km/h in a shade over 6 seconds!
When fully charged, it is possible to cover up to 40 kilometres in electric 'MAX eDrive' mode, which will suffice for most urban commuters. The battery can be charged from empty through a standard domestic power socket in three hours or at one of the many ESB quick charge points in just over two hours. Due to added bulk of the electric drive system, the 330e's boot size is 110 litres smaller than the regular 3 Series saloon, which will be a drawback for some family buyers. With 200kg of added weight over the standard 3 Series due to the hybrid system, the 330e also doesn't handle with the same gusto as the regular 3 Series, but it rides smoothly and confidently nonetheless.
Carzone verdict: 4/5
As is the case with most plug-in hybrids, the 330e iPerformance is considerably more expensive to purchase than standard petrol or diesel options. If it fits with your lifestyle and you have easy access to charge points at both ends of your commute however, it makes perfect sense. There are massive savings to be had on day-to-day running costs when it comes to fuel economy depending on the length of your journey, while annual motor tax is just €170 per year. Depending on your mood, the 330e can be extremely efficient or ferociously fun at the press of a button, and for this reason it stands apart from most other hybrids currently on the market.
Test Car Details:
Model driven: BMW 330e iPerformance
Prices from: €41,080
Price as tested: €57,111
Annual Road Tax: €170
Engine: 1998cc four-cylinder turbocharged petrol/plug-in hybrid
Power/Torque: 181bhp, 290Nm
Top Speed: 225 km/h
0-100km/h: 6.1 seconds
Transmission: 8-Speed Automatic
Body style: 5-Door Saloon
Boot Space: 370 litres
Euro NCAP Safety Rating: 5 Star


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Gary studied science and engineering at undergraduate level gaining a BSc in Electronics and Electrical Engineering, and film practice specializing in cinematography at post graduate level, gaining an MSc in Film and Television Production from The Scottish Film School at Napier University. He worked for a number of years as a freelance cinematographer and camera person on numerous music videos for London based production companies, various commercials, short and long form documentaries, short drama productions, as well as various broadcast television work. This overlapped with teaching as a guest lecturer at Napier University for a number of years. Gary took up a permanent teaching post at Napier University in 2004, and also has a role as Technical Director of Screen Academy Scotland at Napier University since 2005.
Research Groups
Research Areas
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YOU ARE WATCHING: The Rainbow Tribe
Have a nice day! All The Best
The Rainbow Tribe
A rag-tag group of children at a sleep away camp help their counselor overcome a personal crisis.
Genres: Comedy, Family
Actor: David James Elliott, Grayson Russell, Ed Quinn, Julie Ann Emery
Director: Christopher R. Watson
Country: Czech Republic, USA
Movie: The Rainbow Tribe
Production Co:
Duration: 90 min
Release: 2008
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text: USA Entertainment is set to release the direct-to-video feature, FRANKLIN AND THE GREEN KNIGHT. Hitting stores on October 10, 2000, the film based on the popular childrens series will be released on VHS and DVD. The DVD will feature coloring games, puzzles, music videos, Web site links and a behind-the-scenes featurette with creator Paulette Bourgeois and illustrator Brenda Clark. "There is very little risk with this project," USA Entertainment executive VP Joe Amodei said. "FRANLIN has been a huge success with a long track record of family satisfaction. Were using that success to leverage the feature." The television series airs two times daily on Nickelodeon and will debut on CBS Saturday morning line-up this coming fall.


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|POV Holder:
|Next POV:
|Aug 11 (Saturday)
|POV Used
|POV Ceremony
|Aug 13 (Monday)
|HOH Winner:
|Next HOH:
|Aug 16 (Thursday)
|Original Nominations:
|Wil / Joe
|Current Nominations:
|Have Nots Cod fish/Candy Canes
|Joe, Shane, Danielle, Britney
|Last Evicted Houseguest
9:13pm Cam 1-2 Watch with FlashBack FREE TRIAL!
Danielle and Frank doing a cheer about his spiritedtard "B I G B R O T H E R… Big Brother… big big big Brother…Bye Bye Spiritetard life with you has been so hard I won't be sad to see you go"
Frank: "I won't be wearing you no mo"
9:20pm Cam 1-2 Hot tub Wil, Frank, Jenn, Danielle, Shane
Wil says that AShley got 2 cortisone shots.
Shane doesn't understand why they gave her cortizone shots..
Wil and Danilele agree that Ashley looks really sick. Frank wonders if she will leave the game due to medical reasons.
They are asking Wil what drugs ashley is on. Wil got to read the pills bottle a bit but it was all covered.. It didn't look like anything he's ever seen before (Ashley's on some experimental Drugs) .
Wil: "She has to have a pinched nerve"
9:25pm Cam 1-2 Dan and Britney Watch with FlashBack FREE TRIAL!
Brintey gives him a rundown of her conversation with Wil. Summing it up that Wil is looking for people to work with and Wil's conversation with Frank and Boogie Did not go down well. Wil called them bullies and he doesn't want to tell them he won't put them up because he will.
Dan asks Britney if she is OK with the decision to get out Janelle. Britney shrugs "YA" Dan: "I'm not going to lie i'm glad it went through.. if Wil wins one.. You have to be really careful Boogie and Frank don't see your relationship with him" (Hard to hear what Dan is saying)
Dan is worried if Wil picks Britney for Veto players it might set off alarm bells with Boogie and Frank. Britney says that she is going to go talk to Frank tonight tell him that Wil asks her this morning because he has no one else. Britney: "Ashley's a cripple and Joe's on the block.. so who's he going to pick"
Dan: "You need to play that whole relationship (Britney and Wil) Ninja style you'll be able to help QUACK QUACK" (Dan actually did quack.. )
Britney: "Frank and Boogie need to go and we don't want one of us to have to do it.. thats the thing you want to do in double eviction.. get them out"
10:05pm Cam 1-2 Bathroom Wil, Ashley, Frank and Britney
They are talking about when you are out at a bar and just hanging out with your "Girlfriends" and guys hit on you. Britney wishes you could just tell them "Look i'm not interested" and not have them freak the fuck out on you and call you banes.
Ashley mentions how it's hard when she goes out because she's so "Smiley" guys take it the wrong way.
Ashley: "I don't want to be too hard on the guys because it's really hard to go up and meet girls"
Frank and Wil leave.. Ashley and Britney continues to talk about random things.
Dan joins them and tells them all about CHUB DAY. Chub Day is on the a Sunday and right after Church Dan and his wife eat a pizza and eat chicken wings.
Talk moves to true crime stories. A horrified Ashley (And simon) listens on as Britney tells the brutal crime story. There was this 15 year old hitchhiker who was raped and had her arms cut off.. The guy did 8 years in prison for the crime and committed murder after release. He died in prison while awaiting sentence for that murder.
Below is a excerpt of the story..
TAMPA — Lawrence Singleton, who chopped off a teenage hitchhiker's forearms in California and later was sent to death row in Florida for killing a prostitute, has died of cancer behind bars. He was 74.
In 1978, Singleton, who died Friday, raped 15-year-old Mary Vincent, cut off her forearms with an ax and left her to die. The next morning, she stumbled down a road and, with her arms aloft to stop the bleeding, flagged help.
10:31pm Frank talking about how strict his father was he didn't want Frank to go to U of A instead he went to U of Memphis. Britney says that Oklahoma is a open carry state now. She can now walk around with a fire arm. (Just lots of random conversations)
Frank starts explaining that his mom buys and sells commodities.. yawn..
Frank adds at one point the company his mom works with bought all cuttings from A tampon factory and sold it to a livestock feed company that used the tampon cuttings to bulk up the feed.
Dan: "What like plastic"
Frank: "no the cotton part"
10:45pm in the backyard Joe, dan and Ian are exercising.
11:05pm Cam 3-4 Hot Tub Jenn and Wil
Wil: "If the nominations stay the same.. i don't know it's too early to start thinking"
Jenn: "Just get through the day.. get ready for tomorrow"
Wil: "I just want it to be Sunday"
Jenn suggests that maybe a shower will make Wil feel better.
Wil: "No I already showered… don't want to get my hair went.. I'm OK.. just you know"
Jenn: "I'm sorry"
Jenn really misses her cats….
Boogie joins them..
11:15pm bathroom Cam 1-2 Britney, Frank, Danielle and Shane
Britney asks them where Eagle Eye is.. (screen cap above) Frank says he's outside. Britney tells him that earlier in the day After the nominations Wil came up to her and asked her if she would like to play in POV if he gets houseguests choice.
Britney plays it up says it was really weird and awkward wil told her that he can't pick AShley because of her back. Shane chimes in that they will do whatever Frank wants with the POV.
Franks doesn't seem to care.
11:36pm Cam 1-2 Room Wil and Ashley
AShley has noticed that Jenn has been acting off lately. Wil thinks she's been doing this "motherly Shilt" Ashley really doesn't think Wil is the target.
Ashley: "Shane has really been throwing Britney under the bus"
AShley says that after the Have nots Shane said "At least now coaches don't decide our fate" Wil wonders if maybe Britney isn't as close to him anymore. Ashley says that Shane has been saying he's like Hayden from BB12 he wants to be the beast.
11:52pm Cam 3-4 Arcade room Boogie and Frank
Boogie had talked to Wil about the conversation earlier today. Wil was pissed off about it because both Boogie and Frank were talking to him but he only wanted to talk to Frank.
Boogie explained to Wil that Frank and him are a team and for all intents and purposes Franks HOH is Boogie's HOH. Boogie adds that AShley and Wil are talking in the room and every time Boogie walks by them they stop talking Boogie: 'I'm really not feeling him right now… He's gotta go… "
Boogie goes over his conversation with Joe. Boogie told Joe he's safe this week but has to act like he's worried. They'll have another talk with eagle eye after the POV. they won't offer him the world but maybe get more mileage out of keeping him in the house. Boogie: "Don't cause trouble around the house just go cook cod for the week"
Boogie: "But we are really in a good position right now.. but Wil's gotta go" Frank is nervous about Dan's position in the house. He's feeling like they may be making a mistake leaving him around for the next 2 weeks. Frank still wants Wil gone this week and hopefully the following week someone puts up Joe. Frank is confident that after Joe is gone they'll have Jenn, AShley, Ian, Boogie and Frank against Dan, Danielle, Shane, Brit. If they play their cards right they'll have 5 vs 3 in the HOH competition.
12:44AM Cam 1-2 Jenn plucking out Danielle's whit hairs (Image in the gallery below)
12:48Am CAM 1-2 Shane and Britney
Talking about Danielle applied for a dating show and ended up on Big Brother. Britney has been really trying to steer Danielle away from Shane. Britey told her that if there is anything happening between her and Shane it'll still be there in a month she needs to chill out for the remainder of the game.
Shane appreciates Britney doing that he has talked to Danielle as well and he didn't come on the show to meet someone his
Shane is convinced that Ashley is a actresses he suspects that she isn't really hurt and is just deceiving them all. He notes seeing AShley crawl around then a hour later she was moving around fine.
Shane is worried that If Frank wins Veto Tomorrow he'll backdoor one of them. Shane: "if I win HOH I'll put Ashley and Jenn up.. I'll say these are 2 players that have been floating time for them to go home" Britney tells him at some point they will need to take out Frank and it would be ideal if it wasn't one one of their 4. Shane wonders about Ian, Britney says there is no way Ian will backdoor Frank. Shane and Britney go to sleep
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text:
(Reuters) – Ian Poulter sank a 20-foot birdie putt at the final hole to tie Beau Hossler and send the Houston Open to a sudden-death playoff on Sunday.
The Englishman's clutch effort came moments after American Hossler had grazed the hole with his own birdie attempt at Golf Club of Houston.
Poulter and Hossler shot 67 to finish regulation at 19-under 269, three shots ahead of Jordan Spieth and Emiliano Grillo.
The winner of the playoff will earn the final spot in next week's U.S. Masters.
(Reporting by Andrew Both in Cary, North Carolina; Editing by Gene Cherry)


text: Le Tue, Sep 03, 2002 at 12:52:52PM +0200, Josip Rodin écrivait: > I agree, filing bugs and direct mails are much better than -devel-announce > posts, much less likely for one to skip by accident IMHO. Can we file bugs to ask that a package needs to be recompiled and uploaded in a staging area ? That would have been the best, informing all the maintainers as soon as possible... The bugs would have been wishlist initially. Once the maintainer uploaded a fixed package to the staging area, he tags it pending (it will be closed when the upload reaches unstable). Once the packages from the staging area are moved in unstable, the non-pending bugs (for non-updated packages) are changed to severity serious (or grave or whatever). At the time of the BSP, nobody could complain of not beeing informed... Cheers, -- Raphaël Hertzog -+- http://www.ouaza.com Formation Linux et logiciel libre : http://www.logidee.com


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Zhang Yi
By: Shu-Han Zhao Lie Di
Note: Some parts of the main text were adapted from notes in "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" by Achilles Fang.
Zhang Yi, stylename Bogong, was a native of Wuyang. His great great grandfather, Hao, was a Minister of Works (Sikong) and his great grandfather, Gang, was the Governor of Guangling, thus his family was well known.
[Chen Shou's] Yibu Qijiu Zhuan says: Zhang Hao, stylename Shuming, studied the Laws of Government and Annals of the Spring and Autumn in the capital. He was good friends with Tan Can of Guanghan, Li He of Hanzhong, and Zhang Ba of the Shu prefecture. The General-in-Chief, Deng Zhi, removed Zhang Hao, degrading him from Supervisor of the Masters of Writing (Shang Shu Pu She) to Governor (Xiang) of Pengcheng, and recommending hermits like Lu Qiumiao and others, as Commandant of Justice (Ting Wei). In the third year of Yan Guang [CE 124] (reign of Han An Di), Emperor An was discussing about abolishing his Crown Prince. Only Zhang Hao, together with the Grand Master of Ceremonies, (Tai Chang) Huan Yan, and the Grand Coachman (Tai Pu), Lai Li, opposed it. When Emperor Shun came to the throne [CE 126], he appointed Zhang Hao as Minister of Works (Sikong). He died at age eighty-three. [Sima Biao's] Xu Han Shu says: Zhang Gang, stylename Wenji, together with the third noble, Jing Ming, were recommended as the "Filial and Incorrupt" (Xiao Lian). Not long after, they were demoted by the Minister of Works (Sikong), appointing Gao Di as the Attendant Imperial Clerk (Shi Yu Shi). In the first year of Han An [CE 142], Zhang Gang was appointed as Imperial Household Grandee (Guang Lu Da Fu). Together with the Palace Attendant (Shi Zhong), Du Qiao and others, eight people in total, received an Imperial order to each go out and investigate and deal with corruption in the Empire. Various Inspectors (Ci Shi) and those with a rank of two thousand shi, all memorialised to the Throne, praising them as clear in judgement and loyal; their fame known throughout the Empire; and referred to them as the "Eight Eminent". At the time, the General-in-chief (Da Jiang Jun), Liang Ji, harrassed the common people. Qiao and six others received orders to go out [and investigate], but Zhang Gang himself stayed in Luoyang and refused to go. He said, "Ravenous wolves have occupied the path yet we are content to asking about the fox?" He sent up a memorial accusing Liang Ji. Everyone in the capital became frightened. Liang Ji's younger sister was, at the time, the Empress, and gave favours to Fang Cheng. Liang Ji and his brothers controlled enormous power and were like masters. Emperor Shun knew that Zhang Gang's words were not untrue but he did not have the heart to deal with Liang Ji. Liang Ji then deeply hated Zhang Gang. A bandit named Zhang Ying, led a group of ten thousand in Guangling and they killed the Inspector (Ci Shi) there, so Liang Ji wished to send Zhang Gang into this trap, by ordering the Imperial Secretariat (Shang Shu) to appoint Zhang Gang as Governor (taishou) of Guangling. If he was not killed by Zhang Ying, he would be dealt with under some law. The former Governor was asking for more troops. So an Imperial order came to ask Zhang Gang how many troops he needed. Zhang Gan replied that he was not going to use troops, but asked for a carriage attendant. Along, he saw Zhang Ying at the ramparts of the gates. Zhang Ying became greatly alarmed and ran back to close the gates. But Zhang Gang was outside the gates and he sent away his guards, accompanies by only ten or so of his attendants. He sent a message to an elder, Su, who was trusted by Zhang Ying. He asked to meet with Zhang Ying and hoped to convince him to change and showing him the kindness of the imperial order. Zhang Ying saw that Zhang Gang was sincere, so he went out to meet with him. Zhang Gang offered him a seat and said, "The former Governor was not an able person. Betraying the kindness of the State, he sought for their own personal benefit. These counties and prefectures are far away and the Son of Heaven is unable to ask about it day and night. I understand many of the common people gathered around you to avoid being harmed. The former Governor is guilty of this and he lacks righteousness. Loyal vassals do not deceive their Sovereign to receive honour for themselves. Filials sons do not hurt their father to receive good fortune. The Son of Heaven is a sacred person who spreads his good virtue. He has sent the new Governor here with the wish to offer you nobility and fortune but not punishment. Now I am here to weigh out the pros and cons. If [he] hears that you cannot accept this virtue, the Son of Heaven would rightly be furious, and send here a great army. How can that not be a danger? I am warning you of the consequences." When Zhang Ying heard this, he started to sob and said, "I, being an uncultivated and stupid person, was infringed and wronged by the past Governor many times. We could not bear his laxness so we gathered the people together to escape with their lives. You have such a clear understanding and this will allow Ying and the others to find new life. But we are afraid that when the day arrives to send troops to attack us, killings will be unavoidable." Zhang Gang replied, "How can that happen? [The Son of Heaven] commands all within Heaven and Earth and his promise is as heavenly as the sun and moon. He has officially offered nobility to you so how can there be the disaster you speak of?" Ying said, "If indeed my crime has been pardoned, I've kept my head, and remained a leader, I am very happy. But I did not expect to receive noble rank". Even though Zhang Ying was a great bandit who was frantic and knew he was going to die, after receiving the words from Zhang Gang, he was finally made to understand. The next day, Zhang Ying with his troops numbering about ten thousand, and together with his wife, came to surrender to Zhang Gang. Gang untied them and reassured them by saying, "Friends, now that you have been disbanded, you may feel confused, but after recording your names for official positions, you will be generous rewarded." Zhang Ying replied, "We wish to go back to our original posts rather than undertake great responsibility". Zhang Gang noted their sincerity and satisfied each person's own wishes, personally going around to each one and reassuring them. Those who wanted to undertake responsibility were allowed to work with him. Those who wanted to live as common people, [Gang] conferred them farming land. So everyone in Nanzhou was happy. Discussing about [Gang's] achievements, he certain deserved to be conferred an enfeofment of Marquis. But this never happened because of Liang Ji. The Son of Heaven greatly appreciated the merits of Zhang Gang and wanted to use him for important tasks. But Zhang Ying and others petitioned in the hope of letting Zhang Gang remain in the prefecture for another two years. In the first year of Jian Kang [CE 144], Zhang Gang died of sickness at the age of thirty-six. Zhang Ying with three hundred other people, accompanied the coffin on its trip to Luoyang. They attended the funeral and set up an ancestral temple for him, paying their respects four times a year [each season], and honouring him like their father. The Son of Heaven did not forget his achievement and enfeoffed him posthumously. Zhang Gang's only son was appointed as a Gentleman (Lang).
When the First Sovereign settled Yizhou and became the Imperial Protector, Zhang Yi was his Clerk. Towards the end of [the reign of] Jian An [CE 196-220], he was selected to be the Xiao Lian, and as magistrate (Chang) of Jiangyang, then moved to Lingling, then later as Governor (Taishou) of Zitong, then to Guang Han, as the Governor (Taishou) of the commandery of Shu. In the ninth year of Jian Xing [CE 231], he was the Chief Controller of Lai Xiang, and the Leader of the Gentlemen of the Palace who Pacifies Nanzhong. By nature, Zhang Yi was strict in the enforcement of laws. A chieftain, Liu Zhou rebelled and created disturbances. Zhang Yi led his troops to put down Zhou. Before Zhou was defeated, an order came for him to withdraw. All his subordinates thought that he ought to take to horse and hasten to receive his disgrace. Zhang Yi replied, "Not so. I am returning because with the Man barbarians in an upheaval I have not been able to execute my duties; but until my substitute comes, I must keep my post in the battlefield, transport and store provisions in preparation for exterminating the rebels. Shall I, merely because I am demoted, neglect the affairs of the State?" With this he continued to superintend and direct, without being remiss. With this foundation, Ma Zhong successfully defeated Zhou. When Zhuge Liang heard what happened, he commended Zhang Yi. Zhuge Liang proceeded to Wugong, Zhang Yi was made Chief Controller of the Front Army and Governor (Taishou) of Fufeng. Zhuge Liang died, and for his achievements against Liu Zhou, Zhang Yi was enfeoffed as Marquis Within the Passes (Guan Nei Hou). In the first year of Yanxi [CE 238], he entered the Imperial Secretariat (Shang Shu), later promoted as Du Jian Wei, Marquis (Dou Ting Hou), and General Who Conquers the West.
In the eighteenth year [CE 240], he, along with the General of the Guards (Wei Jiang Jun), Jiang Wei, returned to Chengdu. He criticised Jiang Wei for launching his troops on expedition. He believed that the common people of the kingdom were worn out and it was not appropriate to launch military expeditions. Jiang Wei did not listen and generals such as Zhang Yi went on expedition. Zhang Yi was made General Who Suppresses the South. Jiang Wei arrived at the Di Dao and defeated heavily the Wei general, Wang Jing. Up to ten thousand soldiers of Wang Jing died in the Tao river. Zhang Yi said, "It is time to stop now, we should not advance. If we advance, we might harm this great achievement". Jiang Wei was very angry. Zhang Yi replied, "You are drawing legs on a snake" (1). Jiang Wei unexpectedly surrounded Wang Jing at Di Dao but was unable to overcome him. Because of the advice from Zhang Yi, Jiang Wei felt in his heart that Zhang Yi was not good. But despite this, he still had [Yi] accompany him in command, so [Zhang] Yi had no choice but to go along. In the second year of Jingyao [CE 259], he was made General of the Right Chariots and Cavalry and Inspector (Ci Shi) of Jizhou. In the sixth year [CE 263], he was the Right Jian Ge of Wei county and later surrendered to Zhong Hui at Fu. In the next year [CE 264], first month, he accompanied Zhong Hui to Chengdu and was later killed by soldiers in the confusion that followed. [Chang Qu's] Huayang Guo Zhi says: Zhang Yi's son, Wei, was a sincere and studious person, and became the Governor of Guanghan.
(1) This refers to a proverb where a guy finished painting the picture of a snake before others did. So during his spare time, he added some legs to the snake. The others commented that snakes don't have legs so he's made the snake not look like a snake. Similarly, Zhang Yi is saying Jiang Wei was doing unnecessarily doing too much for no apparent gain.
(Many thanks to the member Guan_Xing for his interpretation)
Lu Su
By: Shu-Han Zhao Lie Di
Lu Su, stylename Zijing, was a native of Lin Huai, Dong Cheng. When he was born, he had lost his father and so lived with his grandmother. The family was quite wealthy and he was well known to be a philantropist. Hence at the time, when the world was in disorder, Su did not manage family affairs but spent his money freely. He had many fields of grain which he used to relieve the poor, the starving, etc. hence received much praise from those in the village.
Zhou Yu was at Ju Chao with only several hundred men when he passed Lu Su and asked for some provisions. Su's family had two stores of rice, each having about three thousand carts. Lu Su indicated one store of rice for Zhou Yu. Zhou Yu knew this was a unique person and became very close friends with him. Yuan Shu heard of his reputation and immediately went to Dong Cheng. Lu Su noticed Yuan Shu had no discipline and was not one to establish great affairs, so he gathered up the old and weak troops and some brave young men, a hundred or so in number, and went South to Juchao where he saw Zhou Yu. And so Zhou Yu went East with him. [Wei Zhao's] Wu Shu says: Lu Su was a big man. He had high aspirations and had ability in strategy. Because there was chaos everywhere, Lu Su practised swordsmanship and horse archery. He organised together young men and took care of their needs (clothes and food). They often went hunting at Nanshan and provided military training. An elder of the village remarked, "The Lu family are in decay, but he is an ambitious one!" After this, with many heroes were on the rise, Zhong Zhou was causing disorder, so Lu Su said this to his people, "China is out of control. Bandits and thieves wreak havoc everywhere. The land between the Huai and Si [rivers] is not a suitable place build our lives. I have heard Jiangdong consists of ten thousand li of fertile land, where the people are prosperous and soldiers strong. We can avoid danger and live a peaceful and happy life there. We can then observe for a change in the situation, right?" Everyone in his group agreed. He then placed the weak and slender in the front, while the brave and strong were to guard the rear. Men and women, in total, consisting of about three hundred went with them. Lu Su's group was walking slowly when Zhou's cavalry caught up with them. Lu Su halted the army and called out to his pursuers, "You gentlemen know how to deal with the situation. The world is in great chaos today. You receive no benefit for your merits [in defeating us], and no punishment for failing to pursue, so why do you insist on fighting us?" He planted his shield in the ground, and pulled his bow back to fire. Each arrow pierced [the shield]. The pursuing cavalry thought Lu Su's words were good and besides knew they would be unable to overcome him, and so they withdrew. Lu Su crossed the Great River to see Sun Ce who also thought he was a unique person. He left his family in Que. He returned when his grandmother died and buried her at Dongcheng.
Liu Ziyang was friendly with Lu Su and left a letter for him which said, "In the world now, many heroes are on the rise. My friend, you have a lot of talent which is required in the current climate. You hurriedly returned to welcome your mother and when there is no problem, you stay leisurely in Dongcheng. Near here, there is one named Zheng Bao who lives at Chaohu. He has the support of ten thousand people and the area is fertile and spacious. There are many from Lujiang who depend on him, so it is not just me. I've observed the situation. Opportunities must not be lost and so you should decide early." Lu Su agreed with his plans. After the burial was completed, he returned to Que to prepare for his trip to the north. When he arrived, he heard that Zhou Yu had taken his mother to Wu and he was very thankful. At the time, Sun Ce had died and Sun Quan had taken over. Zhou Yu said to Lu Su, "In reply to [Emperor] Guangwu [of Latter Han, Liu Xiu], Ma Yuan said, `In today's world, not only do rulers choose their vassals, but vassals also choose their rulers'. Now my master is intimate with worthy people and uses the help of the wonderful and extraordinary. Moreover, I've heard secretly his vision that the Liu family will be replaced by someone from the southeast. Eventually the foundation of an Emperor to carry forth the Heavenly mandate will be the time where scholars and warriors rise like dragons and phoenixes. I have already begun and Sir, you should not let Ziyang's words obstruct your wishes." Lu Su agreed with him. It was because Zhou Yu recommended Lu Su for his suitable talents, that he went in search for comparable people, that he was succesful in his affairs and not let walk away.
Sun Quan came to meet with Lu Su and was very pleased by his words. When the other guests started to leave, Lu Su also bid his farewell. Sun Quan went himself to bring him back where they sat on the same couch and started drinking together. At this time, he secretly asked Su, "Now the house of Han is in danger of collapsing and the four corners are disturbed. It is my duty to support the foundation laid down by my father and brother so I'm thinking of imitating the achievements of Huan and Wen (1). Sir, you seem to care a lot, will you be able to assist me?" Lu Su replied, "Before when Gao Di [Liu Bang] wanted to serve the Righteous Emperor (Yi Di) [of Chu] (2), he was unable to because Xiang Yu's threat to his life. Today's Cao Cao is like Xiang Yu, so how will you, General, follow the path of Huan and Wen? Su's humble opinion is that the house of Han has no chance of being restored while Cao Cao cannot be removed. My plan for you, General, is to secure your lands of Jiangdong and observe the world happenings. If so your [lands] extend so far, then you should not be too disheartened. There is much turmoil in the north, and because of this, we can strike at Huang Zu, then advance to attack Liu Biao in order to control the length of the Great River. Then you may consolidate the empire and become the Son of Heaven. This was how the Gao Di (Liu Bang) build his State." Sun Quan replied, "Now, I'll exert my main strength in one direction in the hope (name) of assisting the Han. Don't let these words get outside." Zhang Zhao thought Lu Su was unmodest and seeked to defame him by commenting that Lu Su was too young and not suitable for responsibility. Sun Quan however did not mind this and continued treated him favourably as before. He conferred clothes, curtains, as well as other miscellaneous things to Lu Su's mother so they lived in riches, as before.
Liu Biao had died and Lu Su came to offer his advice, "Jingzhou is a direct neighbour to our state. The Yangzi and the mountains are difficult to approach and secure to defend, there are ten thousand li of fertile land and the people are prosperous. If we can take it and hold it, this can become the base of an empire. Now that Liu Biao has just died, his two sons are in disagreement, and the leaders of their army have divided loyalties. Liu Bei is a hero of the Empire. He quarrelled with Cao Cao and went to stay with Liu Biao, but Liu Biao was jealous of his abilities and never game him an important post. If Liu Bei joins Liu Biao's son, and if they can set things in order, then we should keep peace with them and make an alliance of friendship. If, on the other hand, they continue to disagree, we should make other plans to achieve the great design. I ask permission to take a message of condolence to Liu Biao's sons. While I am here, I can show our sympathies and make friends witht he men who hold authority in their army, and I shall urge Liu Bei to collect Liu Biao's forces and join us against Cao Cao. Liu Bei will certainly be pleased and will accept your call. If he agrees, the empire can be settled. If I do not leave at once, however, I fear Cao Cao may get there first." (RdeC) So Sun Quan dispatched Lu Su. He arrived at Xiakou and heard Cao Cao was already heading for Jingzhou, so he doubled his paces from day till night. By the time he arrived at Nanjun, Liu Biao's son, Cong, had surrendered to Lord Cao while Liu Bei was hurriedly running away, crossing the Great River and heading South. Lu Su caught up with them at Changban, in Dangyang. He put forward Sun Quan's ideas and how the Jiangdong was strong and so urged Liu Bei to ally with Sun Quan. Liu Bei was very pleased. At the time, Zhuge Liang agreed with Liu Bei on the matter, so Lu Su said to Liang, "I am a friend of Ziyu", and so instantly, they became friends. Liu Bei forthwith, arrived at Xiakou and dispatched Zhuge Liang as an ambassador to Sun Quan. Lu Su went with him also. Your servant Pei Songzhi believes that Liu Bei allying with Sun Quan to resist the forces of China, was a strategy of Lu Su alone. He said to Zhuge Liang, "I am a friend of Ziyu", and afterwards, Zhuge Liang frequently asked about his brother. In the Shu Shu, chapter on Zhuge Liang, where it says, "Liang used his horizontal plan to convince Sun Quan and Quan was very happy.", seems to suggest the plan came from Zhuge Liang. It seems that historians from both kingdoms have recorded from their point of view in order to raise their kingdom's glory and merits. Since these two books were written by one person, yet the event is contradicted, then it does not represent good practice.
On his return, Sun Quan had just received a letter from Lord Cao and was discussing the matter with his various advisors. All of them urged him to accept [Cao Cao] but only Lu Su remained silent. Sun Quan rose to retire and Lu Su followed him closely. Sun Quan knew that Lu Su had his own opinion, so grabbing him by the hand, asked, "Sir, is there something you want to say?" Lu Su replied, "I have listened to their suggestions and those people are misleading you. You cannot make useful plans with them. I could welcome Cao Cao, but not you. Let me explain. If I surrender to Cao Cao, he will send me back to my home district, to be graded for name and rank, and at the very least I would become a junior Attendant Official. So I could ride in a carriage drawn by oxen, with an escort of soldiers, and could mingle with the gentry. Then I would be promoted and in the end I would be sure to finish with a province or a commandery. On the other hand, if you surrender to Cao Cao, where would you go? I urge you to decide this great plan before it is too late. Do not take those fellows' advice." Sun Quan signed with admiration, "They disappointed me but you set forth a grand strategy. That is just what I have been looking for." (RdeC) [Wang Shen's] Wei Shu and [Sima Biao's] Jiu Zhou Chun Qiu say: When Lord Cao conquered Jingzhou, Sun Quan was in great distress. Lu Su wanted to convince Sun Quan to repel Lord Cao and tried to incite him by saying, "Lord Cao has defeated his enemies and has now accumulated Yuan Shao's finest troops and horses. Riding on his wave of victories, he is attacking the country that is in disorder and is sure to conquer it. Why don't you dispatch your troops to assist him? Furthermore you should send your family (as hostage) too. If you don't, we will be in trouble." Sun Quan was very angry and was about to execute Lu Su, when the latter said, "The current situation is already worrying, why don't you dispatch your troops to assist Liu Bei instead of wanting to execute me?" Sun Quan agreed and sent Zhou Yu to assist Liu Bei. Sun Cheng says: (3) Both Wu Shu and Jiang Biao Zhuan record that when Lu Su saw Sun Quan, he tried to convince him to resist Lord Cao as well as offer a plan fit for Emperors and Kings. Liu Biao had died and he requested to be sent to observe the changing situation. There was no reason for him to try to persuade Sun Quan by inciting him. Also there were many who tried to convince Sun Quan to submit, but it said that only Lu Su was to be beheaded, thus these words did not come from Lu Su.
At the time, Zhou Yu was in Poyang so Lu Su urged Sun Quan to order him back. Forthwith, Zhou Yu was in charge with Lu Su as Colonel Who Assists the Army, to help in the planning. Lord Cao was defeated and retreated. Lu Su was the first to return and Sun Quan invited all his generals to welcome him back. Lu Su and his generals came to salute and Sun Quan got up and conferred gifts to them saying, "Zijing, I dismounted my horse to welcome you, is that enough prominence for you?" Lu Su quickly came and replied, "No, it is not enough". Everyone was startled by the reply. He went and sat down and slowly raising his whip, he said, "When your Honour's power and virtue stretches the four seas, to encompass the nine regions, and accomplish the State of an Emperor, that will be enough prominence." Sun Quan clapped his hands and laughed.
Later Bei went to Jing city to meet with Quan, asking to be able to govern Jingzhou. Lu Su always tried to convince Quan to lend it, so they could together resist Cao Cao. [Xi Zuochi's] Han Jin Chun Qiu says: Lu Fan kept urging [Quan] to keep Bei. Lu Su said, "We cannot do that. Even though General, you possess great martial ability, Cao Cao's power is very strong. Initially when he arrived in Jingzhou, he had not established prestige there. He should have used Bei to help calm the people. Now we can increase Cao Cao's enemies and broaden our party. This is the best plan." Sun Quan agreed and went ahead. Cao Cao heard that Sun Quan had shared land with Liu Bei. He was writing a letter and [due to his shock], his pen dropped onto the floor.
Zhou Yu fell critically ill and sent a memorial which said, "Currently in the world, there is much trouble, and this is something that Yu has been worried night and day. My worry comes before your Honour's and happiness after. Now Cao Cao is our enemy while Liu Bei is stationed nearby in Gong'an. The borders are close and the people are not swayed to us yet, so there needs to be a good advisor who can suppress these troubles. Lu Su's wisdom makes him suitable for the responsibility and so I beg that he take Yu's place. So the day that Yu dies, [Yu] shall have nothing to worry about. [Yu Pu's] Jiang Biao Zhuan says: Zhou Yu fell ill and sent Sun Quan a letter which said, "Yu has ordinary ability but formerly had been assigned the responsibility of launching a punitive expedition to capture Ba Shu and take Xiang Yang in order to show our strength. But I was not careful and met with sickness on the journey. It is being treated and hopefully will not get worse. But in every person's life, death will come at some stage so there is nothing to make a fuss about. My only regrets are that my humble ambitions are not yet achieved, and that I shall never again rceive your teaching and guidance. Now Cao Cao is in the north, and our borders have no peace. Liu Bei is lodging with us, and that is like feeding a tiger. We cannot tell how affairs with develop. This is a time when men at the court eat late, because they are concerned about trouble to come, and the ruler has constant concern. Lu Su is loyal and a man of noble spirit. He will never shirk responsibility. Let him take my place. If you can accept what I say, I shall not die in vain" (RdeC). [Pei Songzhi] notes that this letter, when compared with the one recorded in the present biography, has a similar purpose, but they are unusually different. Sun Quan appointed Lu Su as Colonel Who Displays Firmness, taking command of Zhou Yu's troops which consisted of about four thousand, and conferred a fief at Si county. Cheng Pu was appointed as Governor (Taishou) of Nanjun, and Lu Su initially stationed in Jiangling but later moved to Lukou with an increase of ten thousand troops and appointed as Governor (Taishou) of Hanchang and Pian Jiang Jun. In the nineteenth year [CE 214], on order from Sun Quan, he captured the city of Wan and received the title of General Who Stretches Across the Jiang.
Formerly, the Imperial Protector of Yizhou, Liu Zhang, was becoming lax in his administration, so Zhou Yu and Gan Ning urged Sun Quan to capture Shu. Sun Quan consulted Liu Bei but Bei had his own plans, and made the false reply saying, "Bei & Zhang are of the same clan, and we hope to use the authority and inspiration of our ancestors to revive the House of Han. Now Zhang has offended those around him, Bei on my own am fearful, and it is not something that I would dare hear of, I hope you would be extra understanding in this area. If you would not permit it, Bei would go into exile into the mountains and forests. (4) Later on, Liu Bei went west on his expedition against Liu Zhang, leaving Guan Yu to defend Jingzhou. Sun Quan exclaimed, "Cunning slave! To dare a trick like this!" (RdeC) Guan Yu and Lu Su shared the same boundary and so there was growing suspicion of treachery. But Lu Su was always friendly with Guan Yu. When Liu Bei had settled Yizhou, Sun Quan demanded for Changsha, Ling[ling], Gui[yang] but Bei did not accede to the demands. Sun Quan dispatched Lu Meng to lead his troops and capture these lands. When Liu Bei heard of this, he returned to Gong'an, and dispatched Guan Yu to retake the three prefectures. Lu Su was stationed in Yiyang where he faced Guan Yu. Lu Su invited Guan Yu to come and meet him so each brought about a hundred troops by their side but requested that the generals carry only swords to the meeting. So Lu Su repeatedly reproached Guan Yu saying, "The State has lent its territory to your family. Now your troops come from afar to be defeated as I do not believe you have the necessary resources. Currently, you have Yizhou and no desire to return, so we demanded only three prefectures but you did not accede to that". Before the speech had ended, one person called out, "Only the virtuous get hold of territory. Does that mean only you people?" (5) Lu Su exclaimed loudly and his face changed complexion. Guan Yu grabbed his sword and said to the person, "These are the affairs of the State, what would you know of them?". The observer then left. [Wei Zhao's] Wu Shu says: Lu Su wanted to talk with Guan Yu. His officers suspected there would be some trick, and advised him not to go, but Lu Su said, "At times like these, men should be prepared to face one another. Liu Bei owes a great deal to our state, rights and wrongs are not yet decided, and how could Guan Yu reject our good will?" Guan Yu said, "In the campaign at Wulin the General of the Left fought personally in the ranks, destroying the mighty and defeating the enemy. Why should he give such toil for nothing, and receive not a single clod of earth? Yet you come and want to take this territory". Lu Su replied, "Quite untrue. When I first met Yuzhou at Changban, his forces were no more than a colonel's command, he was at the end of his resources and he was desperately worried. His hopes were down, his power was weak, and he was planning to creep off and go far away. He completely lost heart. My master had pity for Yuzhou, that he had no place to rest. He was generous with land and fighting men, and gave Liu Bei everything he needed to protect himself and to relieve his danger. But now Yuzhou is acting selfishly. He glosses over facts, he offends virtue and he disregards good conduct. He has already put his hand on the western province, and now he wants to take Jingzhou as well. Even the most ordinary fellow would be ashamed, still more so a ruler who should arrange and order men and affairs!" Guan Yu had no reply. (RdeC) Liu Bei forthwith drew the Xiang river as the boundary and then withdrew his troops.
Lu Su died at the age of forty-six, during the twenty-second year of Jian'an [CE 217]. Sun Quan organised a State funeral and personally attended his burial. Zhuge Liang also organised a funeral for him. [Wei Zhao's] Wu Shu says: [Lu] Su was strict with people and he never put up false display. He was also thrifty inside and outside and did not indulge himself in the bad excesses of life. He managed his troops in an orderly fashion and was certain to punish those who disobeyed. Even though he was working in the military, books never left his hand. He was very good at discussion and debate and was adept at using classical words. His vision and thoughts were very broad and liberal and his understanding surpassed others. [In terms of talent and achievement], Lu Su was only second to Zhou Yu. Sun Quan declared a call to honour [Lu Su], approaching the altar (4), and said to his ministers, "Formerly the things Lu Zijing frequently talked about show just how much he understood the present situation".
Born after his death, Lu Su had a son who was very strong who was praised by the supervisor of Ruxu, Zhang Cheng. In the middle of [the reign of] Yong An [CE 258 - 264], he was entitled the General Who is Illustrious and Martial (Zhao Wu Jiang Jun) and Marquis of the Chief Village (Dou Ting Hou), and supervisor of Wuchang. In the middle of [the reign of] Jian Heng [CE 269 - 271], he was promoted to supervise Xiakou where his administration was strict and orderly and this showed how capable he was. In the third year of Feng Huang [CE 274], he died. His son, Mu, was conferred a title of nobility and was in command of troops.
(RdeC) This translation was adapted from Rafe de Crespigny's book, "To Establish Peace", Volume 2, Australian National University, 1996.
(1) 'Huan' refers to Duke Huan of the Qi state (Qi Huan Gong) and 'Wen' refers to Duke Wen of the Jin state (Jin Wen Gong). Both dukes co-ordinated the affairs of China under the pretense of serving the King of Zhou. Thus they exercised considerable authority and so reached Hegemon status.
(2) During the last years of Qin, the rebel forces under Xiang Liang installed a grandson of the King Huai of the former Chu state. He was also known as King Huai. After the fall of the Qin capital, Liu Bang was banished to Nanzheng and Xiang Yu went back to the East, where he was not happy with King Huai. He gave him the title, Righteous Emperor (Yi Di), but then moved him and secretly had him assassinated.
(3) Sun Sheng was a distinguished Historian of the Eastern Jin dynasty.
(4) Many thanks to Franz Wong for help in translation of this part
(5) Adapted from Romance of the Three Kingdoms, translated by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor.
Jiang Wei
By: Shu-Han Zhao Lie Di
The first three paragraphs of the translation was done by Achilles Fang and presented in his book, "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms"
Jiang Wei, stylename Boyue, was a native of Ji in Tian Shui. His father died while he was young and he lived with his mother. He was fond of the learning of Zheng Xuan. Fu Zi says: As a man, Jiang Wei was eager to win name and fame. Secretly he supported men who would lay down their life for him. He did not give his attention to the tasks appropriate to a commoner. He served in the Tian Shui prefecture as Shang Qi Yuan. The Imperial Protector of Liangzhou appointed him a Chong Shi. Because his father, Jiang Qiong, who had once been Gong Cao of the Tian Shui prefecture, with his own body protected the person of the prefect and commander of Tian Shui when the Qiang barbarians revolted, and thus died as a warrior, Jiang Wei was given the title of Zhonglang and appointed as Assistant in the Military Affairs of his own prefecture.
In the sixth year of Jian Xing [CE 228], the Prime Minister Zhuge Liang led his army to Qishan. At that time, the Governor of Tian Shui had gone on a tour of inspection; Jiang Wei as well as the Gong Cao, Liang Xu, the Zhu Pu, Yin Shang, and the Zhu Ji, Liang Qian etc. were in his suite. Hearing that the Shu army was about to arrive, and that the various counties of Tian Shui had revolted and joined the Shu, the Governor became suspicious that Jiang Wei and others would become disloyal. So that night he fled to Shang Bang. When they saw that the Governor had gone, Jiang Wei and his men went after him, but they came too late to the city gate of Shang Bang, which was already closed. Not being admitted, Jiang Wei and his men returned to Ji, which would not admit them either. In the end, Jiang Wei and his men all came to Zhuge Liang. At that time, Ma Su had been defeated at Jieting so Zhuge Liang returned, taking with him more than a thousand households of the Xi county as well as Jiang Wei and his men. It was thus that Jiang Wei lost his mother. [Yu Huan's] Wei Lue says: Ma Zun, the Governor of Tian Shui, leading Jiang Wei and various other subordinate officers, was in the company of Guo Huai, the Ci Shi (Governor) of Yongzhou on his way from the west to Lo Men on a tour of inspection. Hearing that Zhuge Liang had already reached Qishan, Guo Huai looked at Ma Zun and said, "This is not going to turn out well". He then led him to the east and returned to Shang Bang. Remembering that Ji county, the residence-city of his prefecture, was to the west, and fearing that the under-officials and people were inclined to be rebellious, Ma Zun followed Guo Huai and went. At that time, Jiang Wei said to Ma Zun, "Your Excellency ought to return to Ji county." Ma Zun said to Jiang Wei and the others, "You may all return. The rebels are indeed everywhere; let us scatter." Jiang Wei could do nothing with Ma Zun. But, his home being at Ji, he finally returned to Ji together with the under-officials of Tian Shui, such as Shangguan Zi Xiu and others. In Ji, the under-officials and the people were glad to see Jiang Wei and the others back. They then forced them to see Zhuge Liang. Being compelled, the two men came together to Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang was greatly pleased to see them and sent his subordinates to summon the people of Ji. At that time, the vanguard of Zhuge Liang was defeated by Zhang He and Fei Yu, etc., so that he retreated bringing with him Jiang Wei and others. Thus Jiang Wei could not return and finally entered Shu. The various Wei troops attacked Ji county and captured Jiang Wei's mother, wife, and children. But because Jiang Wei had not gone voluntarily, they did not kill the members of his family, but only imprisoned them to make him return. This account seems to be different to that given in SGZ.
Zhuge Liang appointed Jiang Wei his Cang Cao Yuan, gave him the added title of Feng Yi Jiang Jun, and had him enfeoffed as Lord (Ting Hou) of Tangyang. At that time, he was twenty-seven years old. Zhuge Liang wrote a letter to Zhang Yi, the Chang Shi of the Prime Minister's palace left behind, and Jiang Wan, the Can Jun saying, "Jiang Boyue is loyally assiduous towards the affairs of the day and his thoughts are fine and exact. As for his qualities, Yongnan (Li Shao) and Qichang (Ma Liang) are not his equals. He is a superior gentleman of Liangzhou". He again wrote to them, "Wait till I have him train the five or six thousand men of the Central Hu Bu detachment. Jiang Boyue is very competent in military affairs; not only is he courageous and proficient in warfare, but his heart is loyal to the House of Han and his talents combine those of other people. I shall instruct him thoroughly in warfare and shall also send him to the palace to be received in audience by the Sovereign." Sun Sheng's Za Ji: Earlier, when Jiang Wei came to Zhuge Liang, he lost his mother. Later he received a letter from her, ordering him to search for the Dang Gui (medicinal plant but also means "ought to return"). Jiang Wei said, "When there is a good land of a hundred jing, one should not stick to single mou. If one has a Yuan Zhi (also a medicinal plant but also means "great ambition"), one needs no Tang Gui." Later on, he was promoted to be Zhong Jian Jun and General Who Conquers the West.
In the twelth year of Jian Xing [CE 234], Zhuge Liang died suddenly. Jiang Wei returned to Chengdu and was appointed Instructor General of the Left in command of the army, General Who Assists the Han, and enfeoffed as Lord (Hou) of Ping Xiang. In the first year of Yan Xi [CE 238], he convinced the Grand Commander, Jiang Wan to station in Hanzhong. Jiang Wan had already appointed someone as Da Sima and thus appointed Jiang Wei as Sima. Numerous times, Jiang Wei led his auxiliary troops to enter the West. In the sixth year of Yan Xi [CE 243], he was appointed General Who Subdues the West and Inspector (Ci Shi) of Liangzhou. In the tenth year of Yan Xi [CE 247], he was appointed as General Who Protects and together with the Grand Commander, Fei Wei [Yi], they worked on matters of the Emperor's Secretariat (Shang Shu). In the same year, the Ping Kang barbarians of Wen Shan rebelled and Jiang Wei led a multitude of troops to subdue them. He again set forth to the Longxi, Nan An, and Jincheng boundary and battled with the Grand Commander of Wei, Guo Huai, Xiahou Ba, and others west of the Tao river. The King of the Hu barbarian, Zhi Wudai and his followers surrendered. Jiang Wei then returned with his troops. In the twelth year of Yan Xi [CE 249], he again advanced past Xiping but unable to conquer, he returned. Jiang Wei believed he was familiar the culture and military ways of the West, so that he could entice the Qiang and Hu tribes to act as his "wings" and thus capture the region west of Long (in Gansu province). Each time Jiang Wei wished to undertake a large military operation, Fei Wei always rejected it and fearing lest he did not follow, restricted Jiang Wei's troops to no more than ten thousand. [Xi Zuochi's] Han Jin Chun Qiu says: Fei Wei said to Jiang Wei, "We are far less comparable to the late Prime Minister. Even his schemes were not able to conquer the Zhong Xia (Middle Land), let alone us. Furthermore, we should protect the State, govern the people well, and guard the dynasty. Performing these duties we can wait till someone capable comes along. Do not have the thought that victory and defeat are determined by mere luck. If you are inferior, then it will be too late to regret."
In the spring of the sixteenth year [CE 253], Fei Wei died. In the summer, Jiang Wei led his troops, numbering to the tens of thousands, out of Shi Ying, passed Dong Ting, and surrounded Nan An. The Wei Governor (Ci Shi) of Yongzhou, Chen Tai, arrived at Luo Men to relieve the situation. Jiang Wei's supplies were exhausted and he returned. The next year [CE 254], all external and internal military affairs were added to his responsibilities. Again, he led his troops out of Longxi where Li Jian, who guarded Di Dao, surrendered the city. He advanced and surrounded Xiang Wu, confronting the Wei general, Xu Zhi. Beheading Xu Zhi, he defeated the Wei army who then retreated. After many victories, Jiang Wei accumulated a lot of surrendered people, so he selected the civilians of the three counties of He Jian, Di Dao and Lin Tao to return with him. After, in the eighteenth year [CE 255], together with the General of Chariots, Xiahou Ba and others, he again led his troops out to Di Dao and heavily defeated the Wei governor (Ci Shi) of Yongzhou, Wang Jing, at Tao Xi. Wang Jing's casualties amounted to tens of thousands. Wang Jing retreated and defended the city of Di Dao which was later surrounded by Jiang Wei. The Wei General Who Conquers the West, Chen Tai, advanced his troops to relieve the situation at Di Dao and Jiang Wei retreated to his station at Zhong Ti.
In the nineteenth year [CE 256], Spring, Jiang Wei was immediately appointed as the Grand Commander (Da Jiang Jun). Making preparations for another expedition, he arranged a date to meet with the General Who Subdues the West, Hu Ji at Shang Bang. But Hu Ji did not turn up hence Jiang Wei was heavily defeated by the Wei General, Deng Ai at Duan valley. Jiang Wei's troops were scattered and many had died. Many ordinary people complained and the region West of Long was constantly disturbed. Jiang Wei apologised and asked to be demoted. He was demoted to General of the Rear but assumed the responsibilities of the Grand Commander.
In the twentieth year [CE 257], the Wei General Who Conquers the East, Zhuge Dan, rebelled in Huainan, thus dividing up the troops of the Region within the Passes (Guanzhong). Jiang Wei wanted to take advantage of the vulnerable Qin Chuan (Region of Qin), and led tens of thousands of troops out through the Luo valley and arrived at Chen Ling. At the time, lots of grain was amassed at Chang Cheng (Great Wall?) while not a lot of soldiers guarded it. Hearing that Jiang Wei was about to arrive, lots of people became frightened. The Grand Commander of Wei, Sima Wang repelled him along with Deng Ai from Long You, all troops near the Chang Cheng. Jiang Wei stationed at Mang Shui (river), camping on the mountains. Sima Wang and Deng Ai were strongly stationed near the Wei river and were challenged repeatedly by Jiang Wei but were ignored. In the first year of Jing Yao [CE 258], Zhuge Dan was defeated, hence Jiang Wei returned to Chengdu. He was reinstated as Grand Commander.
(The next paragraph was adapted from the Zi Zhi Tong Jian, translated by Achilles Fang in "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms)
Formerly, when the First Sovereign (Liu Bei) stationed Wei Yan in Hanzhong, he filled the various encampments with troops and thus warded the enemy off; when the enemy came to attack, they were prevented from entering the territory. At the battle of Xingshi, when Wang Ping offered resistance to Cao Shuang, this strategem was again adopted. When Jiang Wei came to direct affairs he proposed: "These various encampments indeed conform to the Zhou Yi principle of defence of the double gates, but are only sufficient to ward off the enemy; they do not bring us any extraordinary victory. A better is this: hearing of the approach of the enemy, we should withdraw our troops from these various encampmentsand assemble our grain in the two cities of Hancheng and Lecheng, to which the troops should also retreat, and allow the enemy to enter the plain; we should strengthen our garrison in the passes and thus ward the enemy off. On the day we are invaded, we should order the mobile detachments to make a simultaneous sally and look for the weak positions in the enemy's line. The enemy may attack but will not capture our passes; finding no stray grain in the field and having to transport their provisions from a distance of a thousand li (miles), they will naturally be reduced to extremity and fatigue. On the day they retreat, we should let our troops from these two cities make a simultaneous sally and uniting their strength with the mobile detachment strike at the enemy. This is the art of exterminating the enemy." Thereupon the Latter Sovereign ordered the commander of Hanzhong, Wu Qi, to withdraw to Hanshou, the Military Supervisor, Wang Han to Lecheng, and Jiang Bin to Hancheng while Xi'an, Jian Wei, Wu Wei, Shi Men, Wu Cheng, Jian Chang, and Lin Yuan were each to defend themselves.
In the fifth year [CE 262], Jiang Wei commanded his army out of Han and Hou He but was defeated by Deng Ai and thus retreated to Tazhong. Jiang Wei, originally from another kingdom, launched campaigns every year yet his accomplishments were very little. The eunuch, Huang Hao who controlled power from within the government and the General of the Right, Yan Yu co-operated together. Huang Hao wanted to remove Jiang Wei and Wei suspected this. Fearing this, he never returned to Chengdu. [Chang Qu's] Hua Yang Guo Zhi says: Jiang Wei loathed Huang Hao's hold on authority and asked the Latter Sovereign to execute him. The Latter Sovereign said, "Hao is only a small official. He was always at odds with Dong Yun and I hated him for that. Why would thy gentleman take notice of him?" Jiang Wei realised Huang Hao cannot removed, and fearing lest his words bring him danger, asked to leave. The Latter Sovereign ordered Huang Hao to apologise [to Jiang Wei]. Wei said to Huang Hao that he would go to Tazhong to grow wheat, thus he avoided internal conflicts. In the sixth year [CE 263], Jiang Wei memoralised to the Latter Sovereign saying, "I have heard Zhong Hui is in charge of the troops of Guanzhong and desires to advance on us. We should dispatch simultaneously Zhang Yi and Liao Hua to guard Yang An Pass and Yinping bridge in case they attack". Huang Hao believed in witchcraft and said the enemy would eventually be defeated and no action need be taken. He asked the Latter Sovereign to ignore the memorial and not let the various ministers know about it. Zhong Hui headed for Luo Valley while Deng Ai entered Tazhong. General of the Left Chariots, Liao Hua, was dispatched to Tazhong to assist Jiang Wei, General of the Left, Zhang Yi and General Who Assists the State, Dong Jue, and others hastened to Yang An Pass and hoped to assist from the outside. Arriving at Yinping, they heard the Wei general, Zhuge Xu, was attacking Jianwei and thus they waited to see what to do next. In the remainder of the month, Jiang Wei was severly defeated by Deng Ai and retreated to Yinping. Zhong Hui attacked the two cities of Hancheng and Lecheng, dispatching a force to attack the Pass. Jiang Shu opened up the city gates and surrendered while Fu Qian fought but died. [Xi Zuochi's] Han Jin Chun Qiu says: Jiang Shu's troops went out to surrender. [Before this] Jiang Shu craftily said to Fu Qian, "Now the enemy has arrived but has not attacked us yet we defend behind closed gates. This does not seem a good plan." Qian replied, "When accepting orders to defend the city, holding out is an achievement. But to disobey orders and go out to battle, the loss of the commander brings no benefit to the State." Shu said, "You can defend the city and hold out while I go out and engage the enemy and hopefully overcome them. We will each follow our own plans then." Then he led his troops out. Fu Qian heard that the Jiang Shu went to Yinping and surrendered to Hu Lie. Hu Lie took advantage of the lack of forces and raided the city. Fu Qian died during the struggle. [Qiao Zhou's] Shu Ji says: Jiang Shu was the Wu Xing Du but did not perform his duties well. The Shu government ordered someone replace him and he was left to assist in the defence of Hanzhong. Jiang Shu hated how he was treated, thus he opened up the gates and surrendered. Zhong Hui attacked Lecheng but was unable to capture it. Hearing that the other Passes had fallen, he pushed further. Zhang Yi and Dong Jue arrived in Hanshou while Jiang Wei and Liao Hua abandoned Yinping and retreated. Zhang Yi and Dong Jue together defended Jian Ge against Zhong Hui. Zhong Hui wrote to Jiang Wei saying, "Marquis, you are talented in both literature and the military and cherish great plans. Your aiding of Ba and Han resounds throughout the Middle Land and there is no-one near or far who has not heard of your name. Those of the past who are equals are Wu Zha and Zheng Qiao." Jiang Wei did not respond to his letter but arranged his camp to guard against danger. Zhong Hui could not capture him and since supplies were transported from a county far away, his generals discussed about whether or not to return.
(The next two paragraphs were translated by Lucy Zhang)
Since Deng Ai entered Shu from the road Jing Wu and passed Jinpoing, he defeated Zhuge Zhan at Mian Zhu. The Later Ruler asked to surrender to Deng Ai, thus he acquired Cheng Du. When Jiang Wei and others heard of the defeat of Zhuge Zhan, he also heard the rumor that the Later Ruler would defend Cheng Du, or he would go east to Wu or South to Jian Ning. Thus Jiang Wei led his troops to Guan Han and Qi Dao to seek the truth. When he heard the Later Ruler's edict, he laid down his armor and went to Zhong Hui before the army of Pei. The generals and soldiers got so angry that they tried to slice the rocks. Jin Ji: Zhong Hui asked Jiang Wei, "Why did you come so late?" Jiang Wei put on a solemn face and replied with tears, "It is fast for me to get here today!" Zhong Hui awed at that.
Zhong Hui treated Jiang Wei and others with generosity. He gave back their seals as authorities. Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei rode in the same cart and sat on the same blanket, Zhong Hui said to his secretary (Zhang Shi) Du Yu, "If I shall compare Bo Yue (Jiang Wei's style) to the scholars of the Middle Land, Gong Xiu (Zhuge Dan), Tai Chu cannot win over him." [Guo Song's Wei-Jin] Shi Yu: At that time the Shu officers are all talented from under the Heaven, yet none can surpass Jiang Wei. Zhong Hui then trapped Deng Ai and put him in a jail car. Then Hui and Jiang Wei arrived at Cheng Du, Zhong Hui declared himself Governor of Yizhou and rebelled. [Xi Zuochi's] Han Jin Chun Qiu: Zhong Hui always had evil ambitious. Jiang Wei, who was well aware of this, used it as a scheme to start turmoil so he can restore Han dynasty. Thus he said to Zhong Hui, "I have heard that ever since Huai Nan, you have never made a wrong move or calculation. Now that Jin is on the rise and all of that achievement belongs to you. Now you have conquered Shu, thus your morals and fame shook the world. The commoners praise your accomplishments while the master is afraid of your strategy, how can you achieve a peaceful end? Han Xin, since he refused to go against Han during the time of wars, got killed because of suspicion. Minister Wen Zhong did not follow Fan Zhu to the Five Lakes, so he died innocently under a sword. How can you say they are tyrannical masters and foolish subjects? It all comes down to the benefits. Now you have achieved great accomplishments and great morals, why not follow the example of Duke of Red Pottery and disappear from the world? You can keep all your fame and save your body while climbing up to the Mountain of EMei and follow the steps of Chi Song?" Zhong Hui replied, "Your words are too far away, I will not act upon it. Also, today's situation may not end right here.'' Wei said, ``All the rest are within your capability, thus I do not need to bother myself with it." Their relationship grow closer after this. [Chang Qu's] Hua Yang Guo Zhi: Jiang Wei told Zhong Hui to kill the generals who come from the North. After they are all dead, he would kill Zhong Hui and bury all the Wei soldiers to restore the Mandate of Shu. He secretly send a letter to the Later Ruler, "I wish Your Majesty can swallow the shame for several more days, your vassal will enable the country to rise again, and the suns and moons to shine after darkness." Sun Sheng's Jin Yang Qiu: Sheng followed the General who Pacifies the West to conquer Shu at the earlier years of Yong He [CE 345-356]. I saw the elders and Jiang Wei's secret letter to Liu Shan after he surrendered, which implies he pretended to serve Zhong Hui so he can kill him and restore the land of Shu. Yet Zhong Hui got defeated and destroyed. The people of Shu are still sad about it today. Sheng believes in the ancient saying, "Don't get into a predicament because then your name will be shamed, don't obtain what is not yours because then you will be in danger. If one is in shame and danger, his death will approach soon" fits Jiang Wei well. Deng Ai arrived at Jiang You with only a little soldiers. Jiang Wei can neither express his loyalty at the city of Mian Zhu nor command the five generals to support the ruler of Shu and think of ways to gain the land later. Yet he wavered back and forth. For a weak country, he can only march his soldiers at the border of Wei, but he laid hope for a great achievement based on a conquered country. How foolish that is! Your vassal Song Zhi does not agree with Sun Sheng's criticism regarding Jiang Wei. At that time, Zhong Hui's grand army is at Jian Ge. Jiang Wei and his generals camped at advantageous spots to prevent the advancement of Zhong Hui, who started to talk about retreating thus Shu could be saved. However, Deng Ai sneaked in through a side path and went to his rear. When Zhuge Zhan got defeated, Cheng Du was destroyed automatically. If Jiang Wei returned to save the capital, then Zhong Hui could attack from the rear. With the circumstance, how can he take care of both sides at once? Yet by criticizing Jiang Wei for not defending Mian Zhu or supportting the Later Ruler, it is against logic. Zhong Hui wanted to bury all the Wei generals alive and give Jiang Wei a large amount of troops to be the vanguard. If all the Wei generals were dead and the soldiers laid at the hand of [Jiang] Wei, then it would not be hard to kill Zhong Hui and restore Shu. One who's accomplishment outside of logic is considered to be strange, yet one cannot be judged because of the results. If Tian Dan's strategy did not work then he would be considered foolish as well. He wanted to give Jiang Wei five thousand troops and make him the vanguard. The Wei generals got angry and they killed Zhong Hui and Jiang Wei along with Jiang Wei's wife. [Guo Song's Wei-Jin] Shi Yu: When Jiang Wei is killed and his body torn apart. They found his gallbladder to be as big as a Dou.
Xi Zheng Zhu Lun commenting on Jiang Wei: Jiang Boyue had the burden of both a grand commander and as well as a minister. The house he lived in was very simple. He did not have much money. Though he had many concubines, they were all frugal. He did not arrange any music or entertainment. He was also frugal with the food he ate, the clothes he wore, the transportation he took, etc. After being paid his salary, he would have nothing left afterwards. But he was not corrupt, greedy, or lavish and did not restrain himself in order to give himself a good name. Thus he led a very simple and meagre life. The common people commented that he only looked up to those above while stepping on those below him. However, he may not have been as the people described and their views are inaccurate. For someone like Jiang Wei who dedicated himself to study and who led a very frugal and simple life, he should be set as an example for others to follow. Sun Sheng says: I do not agree with this commentary of Xi Shi! A gentleman should be conscious and careful when he is above others. There is nothing exceptional about him being filial and loyal since any person in that position should be. He was originally a servant of Wei but later went to Shu. Such a thing shows that he did it to gain benefits and hence cannot be considered by loyal. Since he was very frugal to others like his relatives, etc. this cannot be considered filial. To fight his original kingdom, this cannot be considered to be righteous. After he was defeated and surrounded [by the Shu troops], he did not commit suicide, thus he cannot be considered honourable. Achieving no merits, the people were put through a tough time by him. Raised to such a high position of authority, his enemies were still out about, thus this cannot be considered bravery. Of the five attributes of loyalty, filial piety, honour, righteousness, and bravery, Jiang Wei possesses none of them. He is a traitor of Wei and the shameless face of a dying State. His external disposition of being a great general, I have grave doubts about. While he likes to study, he is prone to being arrogant while not have any real knowledge. Your servant Pei Songzhi believes Xi Zheng's commentary on Jiang Wei can only be taken at face value but in reality, it is not an accurate reflection. His good attributes were that he loved to study and was very frugal in life. The books Ben Zhuan and Wei Lue both say that Jiang Wei had no rebellious thoughts when he surrendered to Shu. Sun Sheng's harsh commentary was only valid on the point of filial piety when Jiang Wei left his mother. But his other criticisms are considered excessive and inaccurate. Thus both commentaries tend to deviate from the truth.
Chen Shou comments: Jiang Wei was able as both a scholar and commander and desired a lot of fame. However he was mostly unsuccessful till his death. Lao Zi said: "To rule a large State is like cooking a small dish." You have to be patient and from the bottom, work your way up to the top before you can be successful. Gan Bao says: Jiang Wei was the Chancellor of Shu. His State was destroyed, his Sovereign surrendered, and he subsequently died. Alas, it is a pity! Unfortunately, it is not hard to die but hard to choose how to die. All martyrs in the past died in the end, not because they wanted to die, but because knowing that since life was short, it was better to die in an honourable way.


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Wednesday, June 8, 2011
Arts Fest June 10-12, 2011!
Crocheted Pears and Felted Tomatoes
almost good enough to eat.... but a little
too high in fiber!
We are part of ARTS FEST this weekend June 10-12 at our shop in the Beekman Street Arts District. An open house/studio, visiting fiber artists, and weaving demonstrations will take place Saturday 10-8 pm and Sunday 12-4 pm. The galleries in our Arts District will display special pieces for ARTS FEAST- handmade functional art in tableware and table coverings. Textile Studio will be adding fun fiber food too- all handmade by American artisans using knit, crochet, and felting techniques.
Posted by Cecilia at Wednesday, June 08, 2011
Labels: art fest, fiber art food, handmade table ware
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S'Mores Cereal Bars
Today's cover recipe comes from the cover of The S'Mores Cookbook by Susan Whetzel. One of the cover recipes is for S'Mores Cereal Bars, and that is the recipe I chose to feature. The cookbook contains more than 50 recipes that are S'mores-themed. It's obviously dessert-focused, but you'll also find cute gift ideas (S'Mores Party Kit and S'mores Bars in Jars) as well as recipes for homemade marshmallows, homemade graham crackers… and even a S'Mores Martini. It's a fun book, and if you're crazy about the classic S'Mores, you'll likely find a lot of recipes you want to try in this book.
The cover recipe- S'Mores Cereal Bars– comes from the "Decadent Desserts" chapter. It literally took me about 10 minutes total to prepare. See my notes below to see what I thought of the recipe.
S'Mores Cereal Bars
Yield: 24 bars
Prep Time: 10 min
Cook Time: 5 min
5 tablespoons butter
6 cups mini marshmallows
8 cups graham cereal
2 cups dark chocolate chunks
1. Spray a 9x13-inch pan with nonstick cooking spray.
2. Melt the butter and marshmallows in a large saucepan over low heat, until marshmallows are melted- roughly 3 to 5 minutes, stirring constantly; remove from heat.
3. Carefully stir in the cereal until evenly mixed, then allow to cool for 2 to 3 minutes. Stir in 1 cup of the chocolate. Press into the prepared pan with a buttered back of a spatula or your fingers; press the remaining chocolate on top. Cool completely, then cut into squares to serve.
*6 cups of mini marshmallows equals one whole package of mini marshmallows (10 ounce bag)
*8 cups of graham cereal equals one whole box of Golden Grahams (12-ounce box)
*2 cups dark chocolate chunks equals (10-ounce bag)
Source: The S'Mores Cookbook by Susan Whetzel
The results:
If you've made Rice Krispie treats before, these are basically the same thing with graham cereal substitution and added chocolate. I personally would have been okay without the chocolate (but you probably shouldn't listen very closely to me since I don't like chocolate all that much). They were delicious! My chocolate still wanted to melt, even though I gave the mixture a good few minutes to cool. My market didn't carry chocolate chunks, so I went with chips instead. I might prefer to use milk chocolate instead of dark chocolate next time. The dark chocolate was just a little over-powering in terms of flavor.
Did this recipe deserve the cover spotlight?
Yes, definitely! They fit the theme of S'mores (marshmallows + graham + chocolate). It was an easy, delicious recipe- which is what you want to see in a cookbook like this!
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5 Responses to "S'Mores Cereal Bars"
These look yummy! And I definitely need to check out this cookbook!
These bars look so good! I love that my kiddos could make this and have so much fun! Great review, Lori! Pinned!
Thanks for sharing! Planning on making these this weekend because I think my son will love these!
Mmmm I have this cookbook (and LOVE it!) but haven't tried this recipe yet! Love hearing your feedback on it :D
My kids have been BEGGING me to make these for them. I think I will pick everything up to make them together one day after school this week. Good to know about using milk vs. chocolate. I think dark would be too much for my kiddos.


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Whilst Galashiels based, James R Graham (Roofing) Ltd, regularly carry out roofing works throughout the whole of Scotland, as far north as Shetland and as far west as the Western Isles. We also take a trip ove the border to England now and again!
With over 500 regular domestic clients and a strong bank of commercial clients, it is always part of our overriding policy to be frank with people and keep them on board, if there is a problem, we will not sugar coat it!
We will always give a thorough and candid assessment of any future problems.
Jimmy insists that his best advert is his last job.
We maintain that apart from the foundations, which give stability, the most important element of house construction is its roof, retaining heat and protecting a building from the ravages of the weather. It can be compared to going to the dentist for a regular check up, rather than wait for the cavities to appear and the rot to set in.
We directly employ a retained workforce of time served, skilled tradesmen in this highly specialised field and always work within strict Health and Safety Standards.
Public Liabilty and Employees Insurance to the amounts of £5,000,000 and £10,000,000 respectively


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Pacific Island Partnership for Cancer Health Equity
Since 2003, the University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center (UH Cancer Center) and the University of Guam (UOG) have worked in partnership to explore the reasons behind significant cancer health disparities among Pacific Islanders in Hawaiʻi, Guam and the neighboring U.S. Associated Pacific Islands (USAPI). The University of Guam/University of Hawaiʻi Cancer Center Partnership is one of only 14 Partnerships to Advance Cancer Health Equity (PACHE), a program of the NCI that supports cancer research capacity building at minority-serving institutions and collaborative research addressing cancer health disparities and their impact on underserved and socio-economically disadvantaged populations. The UOG/UH Cancer Center Partnership is the only PACHE serving Pacific Islanders (PI), with an emphasis on Micronesians. The partnership addresses cancer health disparities through research, training, and community outreach.
Our Aims
The partnership aims to grow cancer research capacity at UOG, develop cancer health disparities research at UH Cancer Center focusing on PI, raise awareness of cancer and cancer prevention in Guam, Hawaiʻi and the USAPI, and increase the number of cancer and biomedical science researchers of PI ancestry in the United States.
Our Projects
Betel Nut Intervention Trial - BENIT
Accessible breast cancer screening in the Pacific - iBreastExam
Principal Investigators
Neal Palafox, MD, MPH
UH Cancer Center
Randall Holcombe, MD, MBA
UH Cancer Center
Rachael Leon Guerrero, PhD
University of Guam
Margaret Hattori-Uchima , RN, PhD
University of Guam


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Communications solutions are crucial to a business, especially with the ever-growing trend of remote working. And with the great flexibility of unified communications, companies could benefit hugely from the services on offer. But what exactly is unified communications?
What is it?
Unified communications is an integrated service comprising of different communication methods, including telephones, instant messaging, video conferencing, emails and fax. Unified communications solutions help businesses to streamline all of these different channels of communication to ensure all systems and software are connected to each other. This means that if employees are working remotely, they can see what device is currently being used by their colleagues, and how best to contact them.
What are the benefits?
There are numerous advantages of unified communications solutions, for example, having an integrated service means a company can optimise its business processes, which in turn increases efficiency and reduces costs. Rather than paying for various different products, investing in unified communications gives a company access to all the essential tools in one single cost.
As well as this, unified communications can improve productivity levels at work. By combining the different channels of communications into one single platform, employees can more easily and quickly communicate with colleagues in remote locations, by seeing exactly what channel to contact that colleague on in real time.
Additionally, unified communications can contribute to lowering a company's carbon footprint, by making it easier for colleagues to work remotely, limiting the need for employees to travel.
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