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A polynomial function is a relation between some variable to another variable with a few restrictions to limit its behavior. In much simpler terms, a polynomial function is simply a subset of functions altogether. Polynomial functions are special in that they contain no discontinuities in their behavior, have distinct slopes and features, and have end behaviors that approach infinity. These functions are excellent for demonstrating real life situations, such as banking trends.
In this tutorial, we will define a polynomial function and learn how to graph them and study the shape of the graph.
Mathematically, a polynomial function is simply a relation between two variables with these rules in mind:
- Variables cannot have fractional, negative, or imaginary exponents
- Variables cannot exist in the denominator of any ratio
- Variables cannot be exponents themselves
- Variables cannot exist within absolute value delimiters
- Variables cannot be applied to a trigonometric function
Polynomial functions may only contain constant exponents or coefficients. This seems very limiting, but there are still so many possible behaviors polynomials functions can exhibit.
The following are examples of true polynomial functions since they follow all the above restrictions.(1)
The following do not follow the above restrictions and therefore cannot be considered polynomial functions.(2)
A polynomial can be written in different ways. Sometimes, it is written in descending degree order, and sometimes it is a representation of a bunch of factors. There are two important forms of polynomials that are extremely useful when extracting information out of them.
Standard Form:(3)
Don't let its looks scare you. This simply means that you write each term according to the exponent the term has. For example, $y = 3x^2+4x-4$ is in standard form. So is $y = 6x^{16}-x^{11}+13x^8-92x^4+122x-1$. However, the polynomial $y = 4x+5x^2-3$ is close, but isn't in standard form. For it to be in standard form, the 5x2 term should be in front of the 4x term.
Factored Form:(4)
This form is also very useful. This form directly exposes the prime factors of a particular polynomial and therefore makes it very easy to determine x-intercepts of the graph. Some examples include $y = (x+3)(x-2)$, $y = (x+4)(x^2+3x-2)$, and $y = 3(x-2)^2(x+7)$. The polynomial $y = (x+6)(x-4)+5x^2$ is not factored because a 5x2 is being added rather than multiplied. To be in factored form, the factors must be multiplied with one another.
The degree of a polynomial function is the highest exponential value of the independent variable in the function. What this means is that the degree is the largest exponent that can be found on the independent variable1 when the polynomial is simplified (all parentheses gone and such). So, for the polynomial $y=x^2+3x-2$, the degree is 2 since that is the largest exponential value. What is the degree of $y=2x^2-3x+x^4$? The degree of this particular polynomial is 4 since it is the largest exponent.
How about the degree of $y = (x+1)(x-2)$? This polynomial function is not simplified, so we first simplify it to $y=x^2-x-2$ so that the degree becomes obvious, 2.
The degree is a very important part of the polynomial function. It allows us to know in a way how the polynomial will generally look like when graphed. The most important thing it tells us is the number of possible roots, or x-intercepts. Whenever you first begin observing a polynomial in preparation to graph, always examine the degree first.
Defining Features
There are a few defining features that all polynomial functions have in common that are extremely useful to note when graphing. These things since they are common for all polynomials are used as the base for graphing the polynomial in an easy and quick fashion. It also will ensure an accurate rendering of the graph.
These things are:
- x-intercepts: where the function crosses or touches the x-axis on the coordinate plane
- y-intercept: where the function crosses the y-axis on the coordinate plane
- End Behavior: what the function does at the negative end and positive end graphically and mathematically
- Extrema: the tops of the "hills" and bottoms of the "valleys" in the middle behavior
- Derivative: a secondary function to describe the slope of the polynomial at various parts of the curve
- Imaginary Roots: roots that do not exist on the real coordinate plane
The list seems long, but when handled one at a time systematically, it isn't too much to worry about.
The graph to the right shows an example of these features except for the imaginary roots.
Graphing the Polynomial
To actually graph a polynomial function, it is best to find all the defining features defined above. This gives a bunch of information about the shape and positioning of the polynomial which makes it possible to sketch a graph. Here, we will discuss how to find these defining features and tell how they help.
The Degree
The degree of the polynomial is absolutely key to graphing it. The degree tells a good amount of information about the graph. The first thing it tells us is the general shape of the polynomial, such as does it start from the bottom and continue to the top, or does it start at the top and curve its way back to the top? The second thing it tells us is the number of possible x-intercepts the graph might have.
If the degree of the polynomial is 1, like in the equation $y = 3x+2$, then the graph is a line. If it has a degree of 2, like in $y = x^2+3x-2$, then the shape is a parabola, which is like a U. All odd degree functions have unlimited range, which means they seem to go on forever in both up and down directions. Even degree functions have either an absolute minimum or maximum, so they don't go on forever in both directions, just one. This will be discussed further in the topic of End Behavior.
The number of possible x-intercepts is also given by the degree. Depending on the polynomial, its graph can cross the x-axis more than once. The degree is maximum number of times the graph can cross the x-axis. That doesn't mean it will, but it means that it can, and this tells a lot about the shape. For example, the equation $y = 2x^3+4x^2-5x+12$ is able to cross the x-axis three times. This will be discussed further in the topic of x-intercepts.
End Behavior
The end behavior of a polynomial function is a description of how the polynomial behaves as it approaches positive and negative infinity. In other words, what does the polynomial do at the two ends of the graph? Some go up to infinity on one side and down to negative infinity on the other. Some have each end go to positive infinity. The end behavior is totally dependent on the leading term of the polynomial function when simplified2.
There are four possible end behaviors that could occur assuming the degree of the function is not 0. The end behavior is determined by the sign of the coefficient of the leading term (is it positive or negative) and the degree. If the degree is even, then we know that the polynomial will be sort of shaped like a "U" or an "n". If the degree is odd, it will be shaped like a "/" or a "\". The sign further differentiates between the two remaining options. Observe below the four outcomes and how they are obtained.
So, let us take the following polynomial function and use it as an example to determine its end behavior.(5)
The first thing to note is that this polynomial is not in standard form. It is in factored form. In order to expose that leading coefficient, we need this polynomial in standard form. To do that, distribute the terms to one another. When this is expanded, you get the following:(6)
The leading term is 4x5. Now we determine the degree. The degree is 5, so it is odd. The coefficient is a positive 4, so the end behavior of this polynomial is positive-odd, shaped like a "/".
The x-intercepts of a polynomial are where the polynomial intersects the x-axis on the real coordinate plane. Mathematically speaking, these x-intercepts only occur when y is equal to 0. Polynomials can have multiple x-intercepts because of the way they curve. The number of x-intercepts a certain polynomial can have is the degree of the polynomial. A first degree polynomial can only have one x-intercept. A fourth degree can have up to four, but it doesn't have to have four. For even degree polynomials, it is possible that there are no x-intercepts. Odd degree polynomials must have at least one x-intercept.
The x-intercepts are key to graphing a polynomial. They are points that you can connect that lie on the x-axis. These x-intercepts are also known as solutions to the polynomial. So, how do we find these x-intercepts? Simply, these points are where y = 0. So, you simply solve the polynomial for x when y or f(x) is 0.
For example:(7)
To find the x-intercepts, we set y = 0 and then solve for x. So, we solve:(8)
The only problem is solving the polynomial. There is no easy way to do this except by factoring, and in most cases the polynomial won't factor properly3. You can learn more about solving polynomial equations here. This particular polynomial is quadratic, so it is easy to solve. It factors into $0 = (x-2)(x-3)$. Now we can set each factor to zero.(9)
Notice that the degree was 2, and we ended up with two x-intercepts.
Sometimes, the polynomial is already factored for you, and so it is easy to identify the x-intercepts. For example, observe the polynomial:(10)
The degree is 3, so we are expecting to get three x-intercepts. First, we set y equal to 0.(11)
Now we set each factor equal to the 0.(12)
Now solve for x. The first one is easy; we get the point (5,0). However, the second one is quadratic and doesn't factor. And when we use the quadratic formula, we get $-1\pm i\sqrt{2}$. This is important. Whenever you end up with an imaginary part (notice the $i$), then no x-intercepts result. Therefore, this polynomial has one x-intercept, (5,0).
Usually, x-intercepts cross the x-axis straight through. However, there is more than one way that the polynomial can intercept the x-axis. There are actually three total ways that the graph intercepts the x-axis. In the first, it passes straight through no problem. In the second, it goes down and touches the x-axis and then rebounds off it. In the third, the graph sort of lingers around the interception point before crossing.
Why are there three types of intercepts? This is governed by a mathematical thing called multiplicity. Multiplicity is the number of times a particular x-intercept or solution appears. What if you ended up with the same x-intercept twice? That means that that particular x-intercept has a multiplicity of 2. It occurs twice, and it therefore has a multiplicity of 2. An x-intercept that occurs 3 times has a multiplicity of 3.
Let us look at the following example.(13)
We could commence the normal procedure for finding x-intercepts by setting the y equal to zero and solving. However, we end up with $0 = x+2$ twice, which means we get the intercept, (-2,0), twice. The x-intercept, (-2,0) has a multiplicity of 2.
So what does multiplicity do the shape of the graph? Depending on the multiplicity of an x-intercept, you obtain one of the three types of x-intercepts from the first paragraph in this section. How do you know what type?
Normally, an x-intercept has a multiplicity of one, or it only occurs once. When this happens, the graph simply passes straight through the x-axis. It occurs once, so it passes through and continues along with the normal path that it takes.
If the intercept has an even multiplicity, meaning it occurs twice, four times, eight times, etc., then the graph appears to touch the x-axis and then bounces off in the same direction it came from. The graph never passes through the x-axis, it simply touches it and goes back. As multiplicity increases, the valley will become flatter and flatter.
If the x-intercept has an odd multiplicity, meaning it occurs three times, five times, etc., then the graph kind of lingers around the interception point before passing through. The graph does actually pass through, but it is sort of delayed before actually passing through, like in the image. As multiplicity increases, the deflection becomes closer and closer to the x-axis.
The y-intercept of a polynomial is where the graph crosses the y-axis on the real coordinate plane. Unlike with x-intercepts, there can only be one y-intercept, and there always is one y-intercept. No matter what polynomial you are given, there will be a y-intercept.
Mathematically, the y-intercept occurs when the independent variable, x, is equal to 0. This is a contrast from x-intercepts where y was equal to 0; this time the other variable is 0. The y-intercept is a point like with x-intercept, except it is in the form (0,y). To find the y-intercept, simply plug in 0 for x.
So, let us say we want to identify the y-intercept of the following polynomial.(14)
Set every x equal to 0, then simplify. Whatever you end up with, that is the y-intercept.(15)
There really isn't any special case of a y-intercept. Simply set x equal to 0 and solve. If the y-intercept happens to be (0,0), then it is an x-intercept as well.
The derivative is more of a calculus topic, but nonetheless it is extraordinarily helpful when extracting information from a polynomial in order to graph it. The derivative is a secondary function that exposes the slope of the original polynomial at given points. What the heck does that mean?
|Tangent Line
|The green line is tangent to the red point on the graph of y=x2.
Think about a first degree polynomial, or a simple line. For example, we will use $y = 3x+1$. This line is said to have a slope, a sort of definition to how steep it is compared to the x-axis. The slope is 3 everywhere since the value of y increases by three for every unit increase of x.
Consequentially, all other polynomials have multiple slopes. Take the quadratic polynomial, $y = x^2$, for instance. We cannot say it has a slope since the slope constantly changes. It continues to curve. However, every single point on the curve has a definitive slope. Take a look at the image to the right. A line touches a single point on the curve, but it doesn't go through it. It simply touches the point. And it keeps going.
The slope of the line represents the slope of the curve at that particular point. This special line is called a tangent line. Every point has a slope. The job of the derivative is to tell us specifically the slope of every point on the curve4. Therefore, there is a very large graphical connection between the function and its derivative.
When the slope of the function is positive, the derivative is above the x-axis. When the slope is negative, the derivative is under the x-axis. When the slope is zero, this means that the point is either the top of a hill or bottom of a valley, the derivative is crossing the x-axis. This helps a lot when trying to find the extrema.
How do you find the derivative of a function? There is a complex calculus formula that defines the derivative of a function, but our concern is simply graphing a polynomial function. So, we will take the shortcut way. First, the polynomial should be in standard form. Then, we apply this formula to every term and add the terms together.(16)
Let us say we have a polynomial $f(x) = 4x^3+2x^2-7x+1$. To find its derivative, we apply the formula to every single term and add them together Ignore the constant term. We get this:(17)
The derivative will always have a degree one less than its parent function. The next section will explain the importance of the derivative and how it can be used to graph the original polynomial.
The extrema are the minimum points and maximum points within the middle behavior of the polynomial. That is, they are the tops of the hills and bottoms of the valleys. For example, the vertex of a quadratic polynomial is considered an extrema. A polynomial can have up to one less than their degree extrema. So a fourth degree polynomial can have up to three extrema. An odd degree polynomial can have no extrema, but an even degree function must have at least one.
The extrema are very important when graphing a polynomial. They are like limits telling you when to turn around and draw the other direction. The extrema are unfortunately not usually located on either of the axes; they are usually some point in one of the four quadrants. So how do we find these extrema?
In the previous section, the derivative was discussed. Remember that the derivative relates to the slope of the original polynomial. As a matter of definition, an extrema mathematically occurs when the slope of the polynomial at a given x location is 0. To find the extrema, we must solve the derivative by setting it equal to 0.
If you don't understand, here is what is happening. An extrema occurs if slope is zero. The derivative tells the slope of the polynomial. If the slope is zero, the derivative must be equal to zero. So to find the extrema, we set the derivative equal to zero.
Let us say we have the polynomial $f(x) = \frac{1}{3}x^3-2x^2+3x+1$. We want to find the extrema. First, the derivative must be identified. We will use the power rule from before to achieve this.(18)
Now, we solve the derivative for x if f'(x) is 0.(19)
Therefore, the extrema happen when x is 1 and x is 3. But, that is not all.
Solving the derivative for x is not enough. The extrema are points, or x-y pairs. Therefore, we need to find the appropriate y part. Fortunately, this is easy. Once you find the x part, simply substitute the values into the original polynomial, and the respective y parts will emerge. In this case, substituting 1 for x gives 7/3, and substituting 3 for x yields 1. Therefore, the extrema occur at (1,7/3) and (3,1).
Remember, extrema will not always turn up with nice numbers like this one did. And also, higher degree polynomials are much harder to find extrema for since it requires the solving of higher degree derivatives.
What happens if we don't get any extrema? Consider the case $y = x^3+7x+1$. The power algorithm yields a derivative of $f'(x) =3x^2+7$, and when we solve for 0, then we find there are no real solutions for the derivative. In this case the polynomial has no extrema, and you therefore cannot plot any.
So going over the steps:
- Find the derivative of the polynomial
- Solve the derivative for x when set equal to 0
- Substitute solutions into original polynomial
- Write as coordinates
Note: An x-intercept of even multiplicity is considered an extremal point.
Imaginary Roots
So, the degree of a polynomial tells the most number of possible x-intercepts the function can have. However, sometimes the function has less x-intercepts than that maximum amount. What happened to the other ones? These non-existent x-intercepts are called imaginary roots. These imaginary roots are solutions to the original polynomial, but they contain an imaginary part, or an $i$/$\sqrt{-1}$. Therefore, they cannot be graphed on the real x-axis.
Here is an example of when imaginary roots occur. Consider the polynomial function $y = x^2+2x+3$. We must solve for x when y is equal to zero. However, the polynomial is not factorable, so we must use the quadratic formula.(20)
It is impossible to get a real number result when taking the square root of a negative number. Thus, this represents two imaginary roots, $-1\pm i\sqrt{2}$. The $i$ is a symbolic representation of $\sqrt{-1}$. An imaginary root cannot be graphed as an x-intercept, and they do not provide much visual clue when the polynomial is graphed. Nonetheless, they are still an important part of the function, and it is best to identify the imaginary roots whenever possible.
Stringing Together the Information
Once you have acquired all of the information from above, then you can "connect the dots", literally. The above information is all that is needed to really sketch an accurate drawing of the function. All the information gathering before this was the hard part; the actual graphing is easy.
So, there are a few major steps in this final part. The first is to plot the y-intercept and any extrema that is known. These are simply points. If you do not know any extrema, then just plot the y-intercept.
Next, plot the x-intercepts. Do not forget to note multiplicity. If a certain x-intercept has a multiplicity other than one, write out the multiplicity beside the point.
Now, note the end behavior. Write out little arrows indicating where the graph will enter from and where it will leave.
Finally, connect the dots! Start where the end behavior on the left side is and go to each point. Every time you reach an extremal point, turn around and go the other direction. Whenever you hit a point of even multiplicity, turn around. When you hit a point of odd multiplicity, put the delay. You are done once you reach the other end behavior mark. After that, you are completely finished with the graph! Simply label it with the function.
|This illustration shows the basic steps of drawing the graph. Plot the points, note multiplicities, note end behaviors, and simply connect the points together.
It is possible, however, to end up trying to graph a polynomial function that has one x-intercept and no extrema, or no x-intercepts and one extrema. These graphs can be a bit difficult to draw because of the lack of information. To graph something described as such, you simply have to imagine. Use what you do know to graph the polynomial.
Example Walk Through
This section will walk you through the steps in graphing a polynomial function.
Graph the following:(21)
Step 1
First, observe the problem. Find out what kind of problem it is so you can better prepare your strategy for graphing it. The first thing to notice is that the polynomial is in factored form. How do we know it is in factored form? There are only factors being multiplied by each other. Notice that there are no addition or subtraction operators outside of the parentheses. Therefore, it is factored. It is fully factored since there are no other factors that can be further simplified or factored.
There are five distinct factors: 2, x-2, x+3, x+35, and x2+1. Each factor is prime, meaning it is entirely factored, so no additional work is needed.
Since it is in factored form and not in standard form, we cannot identify things like y-intercept or end behavior easily. This will help with our strategy. When a problem is given in any form other than standard, it is always best to turn it into that form. So we will start expanding the polynomial using distribution. It is a little more advanced than quadratic FOIL, but it is very much the same concept; every term in a factor gets multiplied by every term in another.
We will turn this polynomial into standard form:(22)
Keep both forms handy. The factored form will be very useful later.
Step 2
Identify the degree and end behavior. How do we find the degree? Remember that the degree of a polynomial is the largest exponent that a variable has. This is best done looking at the polynomial in standard form. The degree is five since that is the largest exponent present. This means that there can be at most five x-intercepts. That doesn't mean there will be five x-intercepts; it just means there can be at most five x-intercepts, so expect that.
Now, we must identify the end behavior. We do this by looking at the leading term when in standard form. The leading term is the one with the largest exponent, or in this case, 2x5. The degree is odd, and the coefficient is positive. Therefore, we will have a positive-odd end behavior, or one that looks like "/". Write it out somewhere so you don't forget, like this:
- eb: / /
Step 3
Identify the x-intercepts and note multiplicity. To find the x-intercepts, you must solve the polynomial when f(x) is 0. This is where the factored form is perfectly handy. The factored form allows us to set every factor to zero therefore making the entire thing possible to solve.
Solve for x:(23)
There are three real solutions. 0 = x2+1 cannot be solved (yet…). The solutions are 2, -3, and -3 again. Remember, when a solution appears more than once, it has multiplicity. So the solution of -3 has a multiplicity of 2. There are therefore 2 x-intercepts: (2,0) and (-3,0). Mark these down for later, and do not forget to indicate that the intercept (-3,0) has a multiplicity!
- eb: / /
- x-int: (2,0); (-3,0)m2
Step 4
Next, identify the y-intercept. This is probably the easiest step in the whole process. Simply make every x 0. When looking at standard form, the y-intercept is simply the constant term. Observe:(24)
The y-intercept is (0,-36). Write it down for later.
- eb: / /
- x-int: (2,0); (-3,0)m2
- y-int: (0,-36)
Step 5
Now the extrema must be found. Before we can find the extrema, we need to identify the derivative first. The derivative tells information about the slope of the polynomial, so it will help a ton. To find the derivative, we use the power rule, $ax^n \rightarrow anx^{n-1}$ on each term when the polynomial is in standard form.(25)
When the slope of the polynomial is zero, an extrema occurs, so we will solve the derivative when it is set equal to 0. Begin by factoring.(26)
The factor in the parentheses looks a bit daunting to factor, and there is of course the possibility that it will not factor. But recall the special property of x-intercepts with even multiplicity. An x-intercept of even multiplicity is itself an extremal point. Yes! We have an extrema! But there might be more. The degree is five, so there might be four extrema. Since we have one, we know that it is a solution to the derivative. So, we can factor it out.(27)
Polynomial Division was used to obtain each factor. Now we need to factor the cubic term, but I will already tell you it isn't factorable. So what do we do? How can we solve this monster?
Unfortunately, there is no easy way to solve it by hand. The task is best handled by a calculator. Using a calculator, find the three solutions to $y = 5x^3+x^2-9x-1$. Look here to find out more on how this can be done. Using the calculator, we obtain three solutions. They are -1.39, -0.11, and 1.3, rounded of course.
Substitute those values for x in the original polynomial. Then, simplify. This will leave you with three y values which you can pair up with their parent x value to obtain the extrema.(28)
The four extrema are (-3,0), (-1.39,-51.53), (-0.11,-35.67), and (1.3,-69.63). Extremal points will normally be irrational. These points can now be logged with the other information.
- eb: / /
- x-int: (2,0); (-3,0)m2
- y-int: (0,-36)
- extrema: (-3,0); (-1.39,-51.53); (-0.11,-35.67); (1.3,-69.63)
Step 6
Now identify the complex solutions. Those are the ones with the $i$ in them. Remember from before how we couldn't solve $0 = x^2+1$? Now, we will explore the problem. This is a simple quadratic that can be solved with simple arithmetic. Subtract one from both sides, then take the square root. You are left with $\pm\sqrt{-1}$. This results in the imaginary solutions $x = \pm i$. You can log this down.
- eb: / /
- x-int: (2,0); (-3,0)m2
- y-int: (0,-36)
- extrema: (-3,0); (-1.39,-51.53); (-0.11,-35.67); (1.3,-69.63)
- img: ±i
Step 7
Now all the information has been acquired. It is now time to actually graph the polynomial. Plot every known point, including the x-intercepts, y-intercept, and extrema. Write out the end behavior as a form of a couple of arrows.
There might be a problem, though. If you look at the y-intercept and extrema, there are very large y-values, such as the -36 and -69.63. These obviously will not fit on the standard 10 x 10 grid. We therefore must establish a different viewing window, or in other words, different dimensions. The graph needs to be scaled so that we can graph every available point. Therefore, the y-axis must at least extend down to -70. It is always best to scale the plane in order to get the best view of the polynomial.
The lowest value of y is -69.63, so the y-axis will go down to -100. The highest value is 0, so we will go up to positive 30. Notice that I give 30 units of leeway. The lowest x-value is -3, and the highest is 2. So the x-axis will extend from -5 to 4, 2 units of leeway. I give leeway so that end behaviors can be seen. It is up to your judgment as to how much slack you give.
So we will now plot the points on the newly scaled plane. The y-axis has a unit scale of 10, meaning that every line on the y-axis is 10 units. Here is our plot so far:
Now the actual graph must be drawn. Start at the lower left corner and draw up. Since the first x-intercept has a multiplicity of two, we turn around there. Make a turn at every extrema, but cross through the y-intercept and other x-intercept. You should end at the top right corner because that is the end behavior of the polynomial. The final graph looks like this:
All done! The graph is complete. If you are graphing multiple equations on the same graph, it is best to color code the graphs or label them. Once the graph is drawn, there is no more needed to be complete. You can label the irrational points for clarification, but that is about it.
Practice Problems
The only way to get better at graphing polynomials is by actually graphing a bunch of them. Here are some practice problems to try out on your own so you can use the information in this tutorial firsthand. Good luck!
1) $y = x^2-3x+2$
2) $y = (x+1)(x-2)(x+3)$
3) $y = (x-3)^3$
4) $f(x) = -(x-2)(x^2+2x+5)$
5) $f(x) = 2x^3+11x^2-12x-36$
6) $y = (x-1)(x^2-7x+6)$
7) $f(x) = 2(x+1)(2x-5)(-x-3)(4x-7)$
8) $y = 2x^5-7x^4-14x^3+24x^2-148x+15$
9) $f(x) = x^2+(x-2)(x+1)^2-6$
10) $f(x) = x^3+3x+2$
Works Cited
1) Algebra II class


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On this page you will find information on Total_Noob's Hen for OFW 6.20. Download links are available below. You can also check the TN Hen FAQ, and all our articles about the Hen, in the TN Hen category.
The latest version is 6.20TN-E
TN Hen E. This archive contains all you need to run the Hen. (or alternate link here)
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'Fate of the Furious': Why Cuba Drag Race Was Even Scarier Than It Looked
Fate of the Furious had plenty of remarkable scenes — from a jail escape sequence to a showdown with a nuclear submarine. But only one could truly set the stage for the blockbuster, and Greg Baldi had a front row seat to Dom's (Vin Diesel) show-opening Cuban race.
Baldi joined the production for several weeks as a second unit cinematographer specifically for the drag race scene, and he reveals the gritty details in a conversation with Heat Vision — where he discusses why it wouldn't have been possible even just a decade ago and the jitters he felt careening 100 miles per hour down streets and alleyways.
Heat Vision breakdown
How did you approach this scene?
I am brought in much later than a lot of those people, which always puts me at a slight disadvantage. However, I've done it so much it's almost like I'm blindfolded and its revealed. "OK here's your set today." We did have some planning a little before that, we did a scout and laid out a bunch of sequences of how we were going to do it. Stephen Windon, who is the main DP, and Marc Spicer, who is his right-hand man and one of the second unit DPs as well. We've all worked together before. My first was Fast Five and I did 7 and this one. I don't get a huge jump ahead, but it's enough to see what the story is and see what scene we're going to do.
How long does it take?
I think we were there three to four weeks. Something like that. Generally in a chase sequence or a car race, anything of that nature, you try to shoot it linearly so that if something happens along the way, you essentially rewrite the story. It happened to us on James Bond [2009's Quantum of Solace], when he spun out and hit the wall, he wasn't supposed to do it, but it looked so cool they rewrote it and marked up the cars like that one, because it worked.
What were some of the big challenges on this? Did you have any happy accidents like in the Bond movie?
Having to drive that car backwards was really a feat. We did it in a number of different ways. That one was really tricky for sure … I can't remember exactly if there were any of those surprise accidents. This one kind of went to plan. We had three units going at one time at some point, which was really difficult and everyone was stretched really thin. There were a couple of days the main unit was there, so we are shooting the actors, and then we're doing a second unit, which is the car chase with the stunt doubles, and we'd have another unit doing another small car chase. Cuba is difficult, and no one has done this size of production there. There are thousands of people looking on and we are closing their streets and it's a huge feat.
What is it about Cuba that makes shooting there unique?
It's a place that's stuck in time, in 1959 when the Revolution was. Since then, they didn't have any other U.S. cars go there. There's a few European cars that are newer, but almost everything is from '59 and back. So as a classic car nut, it was an amazing thing to see. I grew up that way. I grew up drag racing and building engines with my dad, so it's funny I do this today. Cuba is so unique and beautiful … it has some sort of beautiful old soul that's burnt in, and it really is like a photographers dream.
It must be an honor to film the opening chase, which sets the mood for the whole movie.
I love it. I've done a lot of movie openers. Quantum of Solace is one of them. Several movies over my career. I've lived in this camera car that has helped change the face of second unit and car chases. It's so fun to do. If you look at car chases in history, you see how the evolution has changed because of this camera car. We started it on Fast Five. Fast Five really changed that franchise, because we did stuff that was real and gnarly and crazy, and this camera car is a part of it. It's a crane, driver stabilized and we are all inside of it with joysticks. It's a little dance we all do. It's like a Porsche Cayenne or Mercedes ML63. We can get really close and wide to the action and really go fast now. Before, it was men holding a crane on the back of a truck basically, so they were susceptible to g-force. You go around a corner at 25 miles per hour — it throws guys off the truck. With this, we can go 100 miles per hour and be right in the action and be safe. The closer you can be, the more realistic it looks.
What was the hardest part to get right in this sequence?
There are a few chases where we are in very tight quarters and racing these two cars. There's a horse and a buggy and people walking by and motorcycles coming and going and we are with old cars, and an old car is not reliable. Dennis McCarthy, who builds these cars, does such an amazing job, but they are still old cars. Anything can go wrong. You can get a flat tire. We are going 100 miles per hour through these tiny streets and alley ways. The last thing you want to do is hurt anybody. None of us did and we were all great and it was all flawless, but it's scary.
April 20, 9:17 a.m. An earlier version referred to Baldi as second unit director, rather than second unit cinematographer.
- Aaron Couch
- firstname.lastname@example.com
- @AaronCouch
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by Frank Scheck
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by Etan Vlessing


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(essexcountystandard.co.uk) A WOMAN who was sacked after posting comments about her boss on Facebook has said she had no regrets.
Stephanie Bon, of Enville Way, Colchester, was a temporary human resources assistant for Lloyds Bank when she posted comments about the chief executive's wages on the social networking site.
It was reported bosses at the bank were being paid £8million a year.
Miss Bon, 37, was on £7 an hour.
Miss Bon, who was working for Colchester's Halifax branch, wrote: "LBG's new CEO gets £4,000 an hour. I get £7. That's fair!"
A colleague saw the comments and she was sacked.
Miss Bon said: "I was at my friends' having coffee and it was on the news. I went on Facebook and within a couple of hours something else came up so I changed my status.
"I went to work the next morning and nothing happened. I went to lunch and when I came back, one of my friends there was saying 'they are talking about you with Facebook last night'."
Miss Bon approached her team leader and was told to leave.
She said: "He asked me why I was writing things like that.
"Then my manager came in and said she was disappointed in me. She said I was putting the company down. But I didn't write anything that was confidential."
Miss Bon was asked to pack up her desk and leave immediately.
She said: "It was hard losing my job. Luckily I had my friends and family and they were there to help me out."
But she said she did not regret writing what she thought on the social networking site.
She said: "I can't believe I've been treated so appallingly for what essentially amounts to a chat with my mates outside work.
"If I have got an opinion, I write it because I don't expect my friends to grass me up."
Miss Bon got a job as an administrator a few weeks after losing her position with the bank.
Source: http://www.essexcountystandard.co.uk/news/8954932.I_was_fired_for_attacking_Lloyd_s_Bank_boss_Ant__nio_Horta_Os__rio___s___8m_wage/#


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So as I get through the last couple of clubs in the Red River area, I do realize that they all have one common thread…ROCK. Each bar has their own identity, but this is definitely the gritty part of town. Gotta love that about it. Anyway, Creekside has 2 distinct sections to it. There's the Live side and then there's the Lounge side. The Live side is one room: bar, main floor & stage for bands. The cover changes depending on the bands and/or the night. When you walk outside through the back door-to the right is a small seating/smoking area and to the left is a nice deck with a hip hop DJ, a bunch of seating and a small bar. It's the hip hop deck. You can enter the Lounge side of Creekside through the back door off of this deck. It is also one room: tables, bar, game room section off of main bar area which has a pool table, pinball machine, seating. My favorite part of this place was the deck. I enjoyed just chilllin' out there with some good music.
7/23/09…Creekside Lounge
Category: Club / Tags: Creekside Lounge


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Select your location
Bosch Rexroth around the world
Asia & Pacific
Rotary transfer machines with a single CNC control
IndraMotion MTX Advanced, which can control up to 250 axes in up to 60 NC channels
"We consider the complete package impressive: benchmark control, electric and electrohydraulic drives from a single source, consistent engineering and excellent support from Bosch Rexroth."
Uwe Krause, Pfiffner
Pfiffner is the world's leading manufacturer of rotary transfer machines. The company provides its customers the best solutions for work pieces in the high-volume range, so that they can produce high-precision and complex work pieces in large numbers. Yet, Pfiffner had to use several CNC controls parallel for the control of the large number of processing stations and axes. This led to a time- and cost-intensive engineering.
With the IndraMotion MTX Advanced , Pfiffner now has a single CNC control, which can control up to 250 axes in 60 NC channels. This leads to time savings during programming and implementing. Besides, the CNC control offers an outstanding processing power by means of modern multi-core processors and due to a high memory capacity in compact industrial PCs. The safety functions integrated in the IndraDrive drive system made it possible to realize a modular safety concept. The intelligent IndraDrive servo drives and the cabinet-free, decentral single-axis controller IAC (Integrated Axis Controller) Multi-Ethernet valve close the control loop decentrally. The efficient control hardware for all axes and the integrated PLC decrease the cycle times and therefore increase the productivity. At the same time, they facilitate the handling and reduce the conversion to new products widely to software commands and keystrokes. Furthermore, end customers can change the machine configuration on their own. They have the possibility to add or remove functions of a unit autonomously. The new machine software convinced Pfiffner with its high level of modularity. That is why they will apply it in all machine series in future.


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We use US ring sizes for thimble sizes. Because there are no international standard thimble sizes this seemed like a logical choice for most of our customers. You can request a free flexible plastic ring sizer from us, and follow these instructions, or you can use a jewelry store ring sizer.
Another way to determine size is to make a paper circle about 10 millimeters (3/8″) covering the moon of your fingernail. Cut the circle then measure its length on a rule with millimeter marks.
Measure your finger at the base of the nail for a regular height thimble. Measure between the base of your nail and your first knuckle if the thimble is listed as "tall" in the catalog. Measurements of the thimbles are listed for the back and front of most of the thimbles. The measurements are in millimeters to give you an exact length.
Open thimbles should fit your finger with the tip of your finger touching the inside top of the thimble and your nail clearing the nail guard. The thimble should stay on when your fingers point down. It should feel comfortable, not so snug that you feel your pulse!
We can make adjustments to conform the thimble to the contours of your finger. This is relatively easy at quilt shows with your finger right there and our tools handy, but we can do it by mail too!
If your finger has special contours or if you have large knuckles, please send a photo of your finger (or thumb) you want to use to push your needle, or you can trace your finger with your hand flat on a sheet of paper, and then trace a side view of the same finger. You can mail the paper to us with your order, or send a scanned copy by e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.
For a closed thimble, neither the tip of your finger nor finger nail should touch the inside top of the thimble. Use the same tracing technique described above. A closed thimble may need to be tall and tapered to accommodate long fingernails.
For a thumb, follow these same instructions. Thumbs are usually quite oval and we can adjust the thimble oval for your use. A "thumble" may also need to have its front design adjusted outward to clear the first knuckle.


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DUBAI, United Arab Emirates
This job has already expired. These job details are for viewing purposes only.
Vacancies 15
Apply Until: Oct 19, 2019
Apply Until: Oct 19, 2019
PRINCIPALIA MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNEL CONSULTANTS, INCPOEA License No: POEA-075-LB-031116-R
UNITS 701&702, 7/F, ALEXANDER HOUSE, CONDOMINIUM B 132 AMORSOLO ST., LEGASPI VILLAGE, MAKATI, Metro Manila, Philippines
Contact Number(s)
Company Profilehttps://principalia.workabroad.ph/profile/agency/92/principalia
Principal / Project
QualificationsMale25 Years Old and AboveMinimum of 3 Years ExperienceAt Least Vocational Diploma / Short Course Certificate
For manpower pooling only. No fees in any form and/or purpose will be collected from the applicants. Beware of illegal recruiters and human traffickers.
Interested candidates must:
- have atleast 3 years experience as Secuirty system or Paging system technician
- have experience in Install, maintain, or repair security systems, alarm devices, and related equipment, following blueprints of electrical layouts and building plans


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We have talked about home-school partnerships many time on this blog, because parent engagement is, undoubtedly, one of the most powerful tools for helping students achieve success (even if parents don't always know how to get involved). Yet, curiously (and alarmingly), teachers are unconsciously impacted by racial and ethnic stereotypes when it comes to communicating with minority parents.
Hua-Yu Sebastian Cherng is a sociologist and researcher at at New York University's Steinhardt School, and has dedicated a large chunk of his research to finding out how teachers may perpetuate harmful behavior cycles among their students, simply by communicating, or not communicating with parents. Read the post from the Atlantic here.
It turns out, teachers demonstrate particular sensitivity to bad behavior among black and Latino students, with far more reports of such behavior to parents among these students than any others. Conversely, bad behavior among Asian Americans largely goes unreported. In fact, Asian American parents hardly ever hear about the progress of their students, good or bad. Whether Asian Americans are struggling to keep up with homework or consistently succeeding, their parents are less likely than other groups to find out firsthand from teachers. This feeds into the "model minority" myth, and minimizes the fact that Asian students may benefit from support services, or by contrast, that they students deserve acknowledgement for their accomplishments as much as any other group.
Classroom disruptions among blacks and Latinos are more likely to be communicated to parents than accomplishments, except among black teachers, which tend to report disruption less. Similarly, female teachers tend to communicate with parents more frequently than male teachers. So, teacher characteristics, including race/ethnicity and gender are driving factors as much as student characteristics.
Limited English proficiency and the perception that immigrant parents aren't as tuned in or interested in their children's education also cause teachers to hesitate about communicating with families. It appears that cultural discomfort, as simple to identify as it may be, is actually a complex phenomenon that drives our behavior as educators.
The cautionary aspect of this information is how it is prejudicial or harmful to students. In this sensitive and politically correct society, we dare not ask some of the hardest questions of ourselves, but let's do a self-check here, as the success of our students may depend upon it:
- Are Asian or white students more likely to get away with negative behaviors in your classroom?
- Are you more likely to acknowledge the successes of blacks and Latinos, while smoothing over those of Asian Americans?
- Do you put off phone calls to limited English proficient parents until you've done all the "easy" students first?
Truthfully, in my early years of teaching, the answers to the first two questions would have been "yes." It had to do with simple expectations, which seemed imperceptible at the time but now are painfully obvious. It was simple: I held Asian students to a higher standard of behavior than blacks and Latinos. When Asian students were "bad" it was never "AS bad," and when they demonstrated success, it was merely par for the course, not something to celebrate. Meanwhile, the "problem students," (blacks and Latinos) were expected to misbehave, so when they demonstrated success and good behavior, it resulted in exaggerated celebration, taken as a chance to reinforce a positive cycle. Little did I realize, it was actually a negative cycle for everyone.
If you, too, answered yes to any of the above questions, have no fear. We are all human, inclined to interact, favor, and protect those that resemble us most. But identifying unfairness in your own practice and rectifying it, is arguably the most notable thing a teacher can do. If this is one of your personal struggles, I encourage you to identify another educator who excels in parent engagement, cultural empowerment, and/or setting high expectations to be your mentor.
The Top Tip for Parents to Engage in Their Child's Education


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The various methods of tying durable parachute patterns have advantages and weaknesses. The advantages, in my opinion, are that the hackle is placed over the thorax, allowing the fish to see perfectly the shape and the body of the insect imitation lying on the surface, closely resembling the posture of the natural dun.
The disadvantage is that the hackle is often wrapped around wings or a chenille post that does not provide a sturdy base for mounting.
For years I tried to improve the parachute and although I got some fairly good results, I must admit that I was beginning to fear not being able to reach my goal until the day I saw Alba, the daughter of my nephew Lorenzo, playing with synthetic cards made of a kind of colored mat on which they can sit and play.
For some time I had hoped to find stuff like this and I immediately went to a toy store where I bought the game.
Despite knowing and using foam for years, I confess that this discovery stimulated my creativity.
Surely it was the more compact material and that inspired me to get results that until then I had not imagined possible with ordinary foam.
Since these cards are a centimeter thick, using a ruler and a scalpel I cut strips the exact thickness I needed, depending on usage.
Using a strip of material of the children's game solved the problem of providing a solid base for winding the parachute hackle and created what I call "my parachute"
1) On a light hook, fix the tails of hackle fibers.
2) Tie in a quill of a barbed peacock eye
3) Wrap the quill around a hook to form the abdomen.
4) Tie in the hackle next to the abdomen.
5) In the mid-abdomen and between the eye of the hook, tie in your strip of foam. The effect of the fastening the strip takes the form of a 'V'.
6) At the same time, tie in synthetic sparkle synthetic fibers for the wing. Add dubbing to the thread.
7) With the dubbing, form the thorax of the fly.
8) Wrap the hackle around the V of foam then tie it off.
9) Put in the final knot and cut the excess of V from the synthetic foam.
10) Trim the excess wing fibers and the fly is finished.
The strip of synthetic material, as well as providing as a solid base around which you wrap the hackle, allows a better distribution of barbs in the horizontal plane and prevents some of them facing upwards. It also prevents the hackle from coming loose during fishing.
It is not essential to use the quality hackles, and since it only takes a few wraps to form the parachute, you get a very transparent imitation.
The strip of synthetic foam is effective even when you replace hackle with a dubbing loop of hare hare's fur or other suitable material.
With a dubbing loop I get good 'skating' imitations on the surface and almost all my sedge parachutes are built with hare's fur dubbing.
This imitation was a great success among the Italian fly-fishers and is known in Europe and USA.
I hope also it is a success for South African fly fishers.
Agostino Roncallo SALUTE!


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Casurus Ring (Silver)
or four fortnightly payments of $47.00 NZD with
Casurus (latin): to conquer and defeat.
The Casurus ring features a wide band with two hanging chains that are reminiscent of a knight's armour, or a castle bridge. For strength, expressed from the inside out.
925 Sterling silver ring with double chain detail, and lightly oxidised, textured edges.
Sterling Silver. Handmade in Sydney by Lyleu.
Size Info:
6 = 16.5mm diameter
7 = 17.3mm diameter
8 = 18.1mm diameter
Polished: The polished silver finish has a medium shine with some minor oxidisation in the textures and details. We polish with a brass brush and polishing cloth instead of polishing compound, to bring out a more natural shine.


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Protecting national waters, China Marine Surveillance No 66 undertakes a routine patrol in the East China Sea on Feb 19. (Photo: China Daily)
By Wang Qian in East China Sea
For most sailors, life at sea is fairly dull, with nowhere to go and nothing to see except water. But for ship's cook Zhang Chunhui, the outlook is mostly one of fun.
While others watch the clock, counting time as they rest, or idle about on deck missing their families, the 53-year-old cook will be singing in the galley, jogging on the aft deck or giving a colleague a haircut.
Zhang is cook on the patrol ship China Marine Surveillance No 66 and he not only makes delicious meals but also serves up some beautiful songs.
He has been working on ships for almost 30 years and as a cook since 1992. Each year he spends more than 100 days at sea.
"My galley is called 'music kitchen', because I love singing," Zhang said. The galley, or ship's kitchen, is the most popular place on board the vessel, ringing with constant laughter and music.
He likes to sing while cooking and he believes "music can make people happy and even cure seasickness".
As ship's cook, Zhang has a routine - getting up at about 5 am, exercising for half an hour, preparing breakfast until 8, starting lunch preparation at 9, and then at 3 pm, preparing dinner.
The lunch and dinner menu, usually for 30, is a vegetable dish, a meat dish and a mixed dish, plus soup. Zhang can finish the cooking within two hours.
When seas are rough or there is a heavy swell, and the ship pitches and rolls, he will make noodles especially for crew members who are prone to seasickness. Noodles are easier to digest than rice.
Feeling queasy or "under the weather", however, is the least of the perils at sea. Along with the rough and tumble of the seamen's daily labors are the constant hazards of seafaring.
The ship's singing cook, Zhang Chunhui, prepares a meal for the crew in the galley aboard China Marine Surveillance No 66. (Photo: Wang Qian/China Daily)
Accidents are hard to avoid on board, with the deck continually moving up and down, and back and forth, at different rates and degrees.
Zhang said sometimes the rice he makes is too dry, because a sudden big lurch or sway of the boat causes the water to spill from the pot.
"Upturning whole meals is a common thing at sea and you just have to go and make something new," he smiled. Nothing seems difficult for him.
His spare time on board is filled doing keep-fit exercises, drawing pictures and singing.
This year, Zhang will spend three-and-a-half months at sea. He said his wife and daughter have got used to it and they can take good care of themselves.
However, 31-year-old Wei Yi, a law enforcement worker in China Marine Surveillance No 66, said his 2-year-old son is always on his mind.
Although he recorded videos and left hundreds of photos at home to enable his son to remain familiar with his father, the time spent apart still worries Wei.
When his son was sick shortly after his birth, he had to leave the infant and board ship.
"It was agony to leave my son, but I had to, because if I didn't, other colleagues would. The time spent at home is so precious for us all," Wei said, admitting this was the first time in his six years at sea that he could not focus on his work.
Wei is mainly in charge of coordination in offshore law enforcement in the East China Sea.
China has carried out routine patrols in the Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea since 2006.
During a recent routine patrol in East China Sea, the ship, along with China Marine Surveillance No 49, expelled a pair of Japanese Coast Guard survey vessels.
From June to August 2010, China Marine Surveillance had 19 ships and four planes conduct a special patrol in the South China Sea. During that mission, 228 foreign ships were intercepted and expelled from Chinese waters, according to the statistics from the agency, compared with 110 expulsions in 2007.
Next year, China plans to build another 36 patrol vessels to protect national marine rights and sovereignty, according to an official with the agency.


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Four fire engines and 21 firefighters were called to a fire at a garage in Ballards Way, South Croydon this afternoon.
Part of an integral garage and part of the ground floor of an adjoining house were damaged by fire.
The Brigade was called at 1243 and the fire was under control at 1413. Fire crews from Croydon, Addington and Woodside fire stations attended the scene.
The cause of the fire is believed to be accidental.


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Within BPE's machining centre, we provide both 3 and 5 axis CNC milling, and 4 axis turn milling to create a wide range of products for the aerospace, medical, pharmaceutical and automotive markets.
Our workshop is kitted out with state-of-the art milling equipment which includes nine Doosan 3 axis milling centres, one 4 Axis turn mill centre and two 5 axis Hermle machining centres.
BPE was the first precision engineering company to bring the Hermle machines to Northern Ireland in 2017. These machines offer great agility due to three of the axes being in the tool itself and the other two in the swivelling rotary table. Milling and turning take place at the same time, reducing the need for retooling or moving components to another machine, and thus minimise turnaround time on orders.
Our capabilities in turn milling have greatly increased since 2016 with the addition of our Doosan 4 axis machine, and over the past 5 years we've also invested heavily in our CADCAM capabilities. We have a 7 strong team of programmers which allow us to respond to a wide variety of packages. We can accept files in a variety of formats including DXF/IGES/STL/STEP files. Full cad cam facility parts can be programmed and machined in a fast and efficient manner. Quotations are returned within twenty four hours of receiving drawings of the parts in question.
It has been essential for BPE to invest heavily to purchase these higher capability machines to enable us to maintain our competitiveness and provide increasingly complex parts that our customers require. We have made a commitment to continuing to expand our capabilities over the next 3-5 years with a focus on producing high quality products at competitive prices.
Contact Brian Perry to discuss your CNC milling and turning requirements.


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Your Twitter Weekend Homework: Create a Keyword List to Monitor
While it's important to pen great tweets, it's equally (and some would say more) important to listen well on Twitter. Your homework for this weekend is to brainstorm a list of keywords that you can use to monitor conversations happening on Twitter that are relevant to you, your brand, or your interests.
As with anything, you'll find more success with Twitter if you approach it methodically. Organizing your Twitter monitoring schedule is one way to both minimize the idle time you spend on the network, and improve your listening ability. And it all starts with the conversations you want to follow.
I recommend starting with 5 to 10 keywords that are especially relevant to your reason for being on Twitter. If you're a political news junkie, consider keywords like "breaking news", "presidential campaign" and "#POTUS". If you're a social media manager, you might want to include keywords like "social media", "Facebook ads", and "Twitter" in your keyword list.
Keywords can be anything – a string of words, a hashtag, and even a Twitter user that is relevant to your niche.
Keep this list of 5 to 10 keywords handy. And don't be afraid to add or remove some keywords if you need to. This should be a flexible and fluid list that tracks to the major conversations happening in your area of interest on Twitter.
Next week's homework will be to start monitoring these keywords. I'll go over the basics of Twitter's advanced search and how you can keep tabs on what's being tweeted about in your niche.
If you do complete this week's homework, feel free to share some of the keywords you'll be monitoring here in the comments or let us know on Twitter @alltwtr!


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« Back to Done, Finally (March 2011)
8.5x11 | materialsBasic Brey (Patterned paper) + Sassafrass (paper whimsies) + Heidi Swapp (letter stickers) + American Crafts (sticker)
A Note from Moon
I'm not a good events scrapper, like birthdays and holidays. I always think that I'm going to remember those events because they're kind of big. But I don't. So I've made it a point to scrap those big event moments, even if I complete them three months later.
March Fun Fact
I can't believe the boy is three. I don't understand how the years can fly by so quickly and yet the days drag by so slowly. What's up with that?


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… Turned out to be considerably longer! Phew* (little black dresses are farrrrr to little nowadays). Admittedly, my bum is adorable, but also modest. Doesn't go flapping in the wind for just anybody.
This gem is one of my many (manymanymanymany) thrifted treasures. My gut tells me it's from the 80s, the material screams 70s but there is something slinky and so very 40s about it (which I dig). I owned it for years before ever wearing it (welcome to 50% of my closet) but it has quickly become a trusty 'go-to'. At first glance, it comes across as unremarkable and modest-to-the-point-of-dullness. WELL LOOK AGAIN FRIENDS. The dramatic, sheer panel on the front? The plunging back? The billowing armpit sleeves? The cheeky turtleneck buttons?! Rest assured, it does not get wilder than this little number.
It will quickly become very evident that I struggle to include colour into my get-ups. There are really crazy days when I think I'm ready to break out of my grey-scale symphony of shades. I'll give myself double finger-guns, sashay around in front of my mirror, marvel at all the colour and head out with reckless abandon. On a good day – I get as far as my front door, pivot and dash back into the safety my black on black on black on black on GREY (maybe there is hope?) ensemble and gulp great sighs of relieve as the colour-induced-panic dissipates (**on bad days – I simple collapse into a sobbing, hysterical ball, overwhelmed by vibrant colour and lay under a black sheet for days). I am looking into some different therapies – will keep you posted on my progress. Until such progress – I invite you to FEAST YOUR EYES ON COLOURLESS COMBINATIONS!
P.S. I have given myself 52 "blogger" points for the carefree, dog photos. Effortless.


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أنت هنا
King Saud University's National Plan for Science and Technology (NPST) has increased deadline for research project submission which are follows.
Last date for initial application of research project now is 1 March, 2014. The initial application can be sent through firstname.lastname@example.com email id with filled initial application form.
Last date for research project submission on KSU research project uploading system (https://rps.ksu.edu.sa) now is 10 March, 2014.
Final submission of research project on KACT's website (http://nstip.kacst.edu.sa) now is 20 March, 2014 after NPST approval.
The NPST supervisor at KSU, Ahmed Al-Khazim, stated NPST extended research project submission date because of researchers' desire. A large number of researchers were willing to extend research proposals deadline.
Further, Supervisor of NPST also insisted to KSU researchers, make sure proposed research work should be original.
Moreover, Ahamed Al-Khazim informed number of projects should not be more than five for one investigator.
For more information, please visit NPST website.
Related News


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Jon and Kate Gosselin's sextuplets turn 13: See what they look like now!
The Gosselin sextuplets are finally teenagers!
The six kids -- Aaden Gosselin, Alexis Gosselin, Collin Gosselin, Hannah Gosselin, Joel Gosselin and Leah Gosselin -- turned 13 on Wednesday, and four of them celebrated with their father, Jon.
SEE ALSO: Remember Stephanie from 'Saturday Night Fever'? Here's what she looks like today
"I had four of them: Hannah, Leah, Joel and Aaden," he told E! News. "I cooked burgers and hot dogs on the grill, and we did presents and played football in the backyard. After that, we did cake and ice cream."
Clearly Jon and the kids had a great day together. The reality-star-turned-DJ sees his kids once a week for dinner, as well as every other weekend. Kate has custody of the sextuplets -- and twins Cara and Mady, 16 -- at all other times. The "Kate Plus 8" star commemorated his children's big day with a series of emotional Instagram posts.
See photos of Kate Gosselin through the years:
See Gallery
"Sitting in my room with the kids... thinking back to almost 13 years ago," she captioned a photo of a diaper. "I pulled out this extra small preemie diaper from the NICU.. I've kept it in my bedside table drawer, wherever we moved...to always remind me of how far we've come!! The kids were awed!"
In another post that featured a collage, Kate got even more emotional.
"HAPPY 13th BIRTHDAY, my precious Alexis, Hannah, Aaden, Collin, Leah and Joel," she wrote. "At this moment (7:51-7:53 am) 13 years ago, my life and heart were completed with your births! I love you all and NO MATTER WHAT it requires of me, I will ALWAYS be there for you; I'll always be your biggest cheerleader, your role model by example, your shoulder to cry on, the hug and laugh you need, and your mommy and friend! I love you guys! I got six times what I planned on, but I'd NEVER EVER go back! You're the six final pieces of my heart that I never knew I was looking for."
Finally, she shared with her followers the fun -- and delicious -- breakfast she prepared for her kids to honor their big birthday: Sticky buns!
"13th birthday school treat gone wild," she captioned the drool-worthy photo. "Apparently I don't know how to make a 'little' of anything!"
Gosselin had also recently shared a photo of her entire family together, and they're all so grown up and adorable. Can you believe they're 13?!
Happy birthday to the Gosselin sextuplets!
See photos of Jon Gosselin through the years:
See Gallery
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Wine Accessories to Make Wine Even More Fun
WSJ Wine Columnist Lettie Teague scans the wine accessories market and finds a few good tools and many destined-for-the-drawer toys on Lunch Break.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... I ... why boys DEL of new ones out there this year with ... the need ... to get just stopped into the drawer ... as a wine columnist Lettie Teague she's Joinus now pay Lettie ... Cheney well you've had a pretty good job liao then shot every day that we'd be in the water all this but ... it's a fine job playing with new wine place ... to talk about what you found these buying canned heat and you seem to like tells about what you do it than ... to see is your certainly seriously I added I am sure to check the that's the evil eye candy so well well it is we actually has done little picture ... on my last memory and ... it ... is is is is it is and isn't this gadgets the steam into its Jordi Exeter still sold to enter ... the wind chime that you ... can handle narrow in understands the process to identify the causes those is actually ... an improvement on that and and the more physically ... expressive in rainy grey there ... the driver didn't identity and said this is actually a ... pretty good and of course the this is a washable and you are from Sri Solso soiree and wine narrator like this a lot of what is it too ... yet he definitely ... gives us but as I'm I'm not saying it's a ... it's a it's in a narrators are her when she will be tiller site to the Number one time line accessory this this holiday season ... it's essential devices particular when it's on the bottle ... and it's a venue for the remainder of the bottle it basically carries the one-year Etsy but it's it's in I didn't even take that with you I guess I mean the one thing I'm probably takes it ... everywhere ... with you everywhere now but I still wanna myself without a wine stain remover letting ... this is a classic and this is this is your in your app is the only thing I didn't want to a sorry we show you the names on it to us about the teen years that it actually really works so ... you can say it's and it's exceeding engagement ... for certain business Jason season Christmas stocking ... although many of findings the peninsula's Christmastime and distant from what I've ... got about ten seconds while assay found ... sch well the last day ... when she added that one day ... now it isn't always finding all kinds of things my first Wendy's all the sun is the lead deal I'm interested he says the best words for it ... there is an anti when I was playing with the selected to ... screen and read about my column ... on which by the way to a colleague of mine named so entranced by the


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1403 620 Cardero Street, Vancouver Listing #: R2493404
Cardero- the definition of pure luxury and elegance. Brand new Bosa build redefines the Vancouver skyline with distinctive and world-class desgin by Henriquez Partners Architects. This truly exclusive collection site in the heart of Coal Harbour and is steps away from the city's best restaurants, parks and entertainments. Coveted S/E corner 3 bedroom + 2 bathroom, over 1450 sq ft of living space- imported Italian kitchen w/ premium Miele appliances & integrated technology. Quartz countertops with fully integrated sinks, with wide-plank oak hardwood and limestone tile flooring. Bathroom floor-to-ceiling bookmatched porcelain Calacatta slab with contemporary design. Water views + 2 parking. Amenities inclu 24 hour concierge, state of the art TechnoGym, owners lounge and a rooftop terrace.
- Air Cond./Central
- Bike Room
- Club House
- Exercise Centre
- In Suite Laundry
- Concierge
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Listed By: Icon&co. Boutique Inc.
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Volunteering Solutions offers a special Nutrition and Public Health volunteering opportunities in the Philippines that aims to rectify and improve the malnourished condition of infants, especially, those born in low-income communities. This project is more on the lines of public awareness and includes a feeding program for malnourished children.
Under this project, VolSol volunteers have to organize seminars and workshops for the local and the rural communities and enlighten them about the benefits of a balanced diet and maintaining nutritional plans. Through these information-rich workshops, volunteers have to convince the parents to create a food habit that is rich in vital nutrients and nourishing for the kids. These learnings have to be imparted keeping in view that the locals do not compromise on their personal savings. The goals of the project are two-fold.
Through this process, parents get to witness the improvement that good nutrition has on the health of their children whilst at the same time learning how to best utilize their available resources to provide a stable diet regardless of their personal income.
Philippines has a history of violent natural calamities. Much of the country's economic situation is owed to the natural havoc it has to bear. In the current environment as the livelihood of many families have been completely destroyed by the recurring natural disasters like typhoons, earthquakes, volcano eruptions, and others; thereby increasing the risk of malnutrition among infants. Whilst no specialist skills are required to participate on this project; those with backgrounds in Nutrition Public Health are strongly encouraged to apply for the volunteering in Public Health program. Below is a list of tasks to be done by volunteers under this project;
The project is available all year round and is available for a minimum program duration of 2 weeks. Participants who have a basic knowledge of public health nutrition are preferred. Those participants who are studying Public health nutrition courses are also encouraged to apply.
Volunteers joining public health and nutrition program in the Philippines will be accommodated with a host family in Tacloban city. The accommodation facility is in close distance vicinity to the program placement. A typical volunteer schedule under this program is as follows;
The same volunteer work schedule continues from the second week onwards
Note: Please note, the schedule may vary depending on the particular project the volunteer is participating on.
Volunteering Solutions helps you to focus on your volunteer work, while we take care of your airport transfer, accommodation, meals and weekend trips. So come with an open and relaxed mind and leave refreshed.
Airport Transfer
Volunteers are picked up from and dropped off at, Tacloban Airport by a local representative staff member. Volunteers need to arrive one day prior to the program start date.
Volunteers will live with homestay families residing in the Tacloban area. The homestays have been thoroughly evaluated before they were accepted into our homestay program. are experienced in accommodating international volunteers. Prior to your arrival, you will receive a profile outlining the specifics of your homestay family.
Your homestay will welcome you into their home and treat you as a member of the family. By living with them, you will be able to experience Filipino culture and participate in their daily activities. You will eat the same food they are eating, though your homestay family knows what foreigners like to eat. If you have special dietary requirements, it is best to inform us beforehand so we can meet your needs. You will be served only two meals per day, breakfast and dinner. Your homestay will also provide you with filtered drinking water, as it is best not to drink tap water. All the homestays have electricity and running water. You will have a private room by yourself or shared with a fellow volunteer. You also are provided a mosquito net and electric fan. The bathroom or toilet, commonly called "comfort room or CR" will be shared will all the family members.
Bathroom accommodation is basic and the volunteer will take cold, bucket baths because hot running showers are uncommon in Filipino homes – don't worry too much about this as cold bucket baths are often refreshing after being in the tropical heat all day. Finally, volunteers will also have to get used to the sound of roosters crowing even before the break of dawn.
All volunteers are provided with an orientation about the local Filipino culture, local dialect, safety guidelines, the project and volunteers role and responsibilities by the local staff. Volunteers are also given a local Tacloban city tour and of all the important tourist sights in the city.
During your time as a volunteer, you will be provided with two meals a day (breakfast and dinner) by your homestay. Aside from this, access to safe drinking water will also be provided by your homestay. All meals will be served with rice and typically include fish, chicken or pork. Homestays can cater for special dietary restrictions, however, we require that you include this in the application form.
During your Free Time
The local coordinating team in the Philippines arranges for the volunteers to go on two excursions. On one of the trips, volunteers visit the local areas of interest such as San Juanico Bridge, the Santo Nino Shrine and the MacArthur Landing Memorial Park. Volunteers will get an opportunity to experience the natural beauty of the tropical island of Leyte.
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Volunteers must be 18 years or older at the time of joining the project and must be flexible and open-minded towards working in a new and challenging environment The project is suitable for students of public health and nutrition or anyone with a keen interest in the broader field of community health.
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|Islamic Republic of Iran
جمهوری اسلامی ایران
Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān
|Standard units
GLA Units and Structures Summary
|Current status
Iran (pers. ایران) offiially: Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in the Middle East of Western Asia with both the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south, the Caspian Sea in the north, Pakistan in the east, Turkey and Iraq in the west.
History[edit | edit source]
The history of Iran has been intertwined with the history of a larger historical region, comprising the area from the Danube River in the west to the Indus River and Jaxartes in the east and from the Caucasus, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman and Egypt in the south.
The southwestern part of the Iranian plateau participated in the wider Ancient Near East with Elam, from the Early Bronze Age. The Persian Empire proper begins in the Iron Age, following the influx of Iranian peoples. Iranian people gave rise to the Median, as the Persian people gave rise to the Achaemenid, the Parthians, and the Sassanid dynasties during the classical antiquity.
Once a major empire of superpower proportions, Persia, as it had long been called, has been overrun frequently and has had its territory altered throughout the centuries. Invaded and occupied by Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, and others—and often caught up in the affairs of larger powers—Persia has always reasserted its national identity and has developed as a distinct political and cultural entity.
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC. The Medes unified Iran as a nation and empire in 625 BC. The Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC) was the first of the Iranian empires to rule from the Balkans to North Africa and also Central Asia from their capital in Persis (Persepolis). They were succeeded by the Seleucid Empire, Parthians and Sassanids who governed Iran for almost 1,000 years.
The Islamic conquest of Persia (633–656) ended the Sassanid Empire and was a turning point in Iranian history. Islamicization in Iran took place during 8th to 10th century and led to the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia. However, the achievements of the previous Persian civilizations were not lost, but were to a great extent absorbed by the new Islamic polity and civilization.
After centuries of foreign occupation and short-lived native dynasties, Iran was once again reunified as an independent state in 1501 by the Safavid dynasty which established Shi'a Islam as the official religion of their empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam. Iran had been a monarchy ruled by a shah, or emperor, almost without interruption from 1501 until the 1979 Iranian revolution, when Iran officially became an Islamic Republic on 1 April 1979.
Generals Universe[edit | edit source]
When American intelligence traced Dr. Thrax's funding to the Amisbad oil fields in Iran, an American strike team was deployed to destroy the GLA forces there. They established a base of operations at the airport, awaiting new reinforcements to arrive. The GLA had booby-trapped the oil field, but they were safely disarmed by American dozers. The Americans then captured the oil field, securing funds for building up an army, and crushed the GLA's mountain hideout north of the oil field.
Red Alert Universe[edit | edit source]
On Second World war map Iran is shown as neutral, in Third World War and War of the Three Powers Iran is red on maps which means Iran is affiliated with the USSR and the WSA.
Tiberium Universe[edit | edit source]
The Brotherhood of Nod destroyed Hassan's elite guard in the Libyan city of Sirte and following that, Iran pulled away from being in the hands of General Hassan and joined the Brotherhood of Nod instead after the start of the Second Tiberium War.


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Capri Sun Lemonade Pouches
10 ct / 6 fl ozUPC: 0008768400106
Purchase Options
Located in Aisle 9 in Your Store
Located in Aisle 9
Capri Sun is awesomeness in a pouch. It has all of the deliciousness without any of the bad stuff. It's made with all-natural ingredients-that means no artificial colors, flavors, preservatives, or high fructose corn syrup. That's what makes Capri Sun as epic as the kids who drink it!
- All Natural Ingredients
- Lemonade Flavored Juice Drink Blend From Concentrate
- 35% Less Sugar Than Leading Regular Juice Drinks
- No High Fructose Corn Syrup
- No Artificial Colors, Flavors
- No Preservatives


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All under one roof: An informative, goal-driven and inclusive eventJointly organised by MSN and San Diego's CRRT, Inc., the inaugural congress kicked off on Sunday with an insightful pre-congress – welcoming close to a whopping 1,200 guests. Professor Dr Goh Bak Leong, President of MSN and Chair of the 1st Asia Pacific AKI CRRT Congress, welcomed guests and speakers from all over the globe in his opening address.
Reminiscing the countless challenges the committee faced throughout the preparation, Dr Goh hoped this first congress would mark an inspiring start for more Asia Pacific AKI CRRT congresses to be held in the country, in the future.
Next, Prof Goh also shared reasons why the team went ahead with this massive undertaking—namely, the identification of acute kidney injury (AKI) as a human rights issue, wide variations in literature and lack of consistency in management, and the high mortality and morbidity rates due to AKI.
"Hence, MSN strongly believes that by organising this mirror congress of CRRT with San Diego, we would be able to bring in the worldwide experts from CRRT San Diego – for them to share their vast experience with the local community," he highlighted.
Emphasising the need to bridge the knowledge gap between healthcare professionals, Prof Goh asserted that this congress catered to a diverse group of clinicians besides nephrologists—including generalists, anaesthesiologists, intensivists, paramedics, pharmacists as well as nutritionists.
President of CRRT, Inc. and advisor to this congress, Professor Dr Ravindra Mehta also welcomed the hundreds of guests present in the hall. He then shared his role in hosting the same annual conference in San Diego (which recently wrapped up its 22nd Annual Conference, in March), and his thrill to bring it over to the Asia Pacific region to reap more knowledge.
"I believe that we have strived to bridge for you a meeting which will hopefully inform you, engage you and – more importantly – energise you so that when you go back, you can take the knowledge and apply it to the patients' lives and improve their outcomes," echoed Dr Mehta.
Applicable experiences and the "0by25" ISN initiativeThe four-day spectacle allowed a large number of experts – hailing from all corners of the globe – to take the stage and share their experiences and research with the other delegates.
Comprehensively, the first day (or pre-congress) entailed a multitude of talks for physicians and nurses, respectively. A focus on basic principles of AKI and CRRT as well as their complications were evident. Moreover, three symposiums sponsored by Baxter Healthcare (one of the event main sponsors) zoomed into updates for healthcare professionals on this pressing issue.
Symposiums and workshops carried on to day-2 and day-3 highlighted practical approaches in tackling management issues for patients with kidney ailments. Led by prolific professionals, the attendees engaged wholly in fluid balance, drug intoxication, biomarker detection and critical care management, to name a few.
Educational research-based posters were on display in the foyer of the convention centre as part of a competition held during the conference. Impressive exhibitions were also in place to educate healthcare professionals on latest technological advancements in this field.
An important message that was accentuated throughout the congress was the importance of upholding the International Society of Nephrology's (ISN) "0by25" initiative; launched in 2015. The initiative aims to eliminate preventable deaths from AKI worldwide by 2025 via evidence, action as well as awareness and education.
Ashita Tolwani, Professor of Medicine in the University of Alabama shared benchmarks of measuring outcomes in AKI and CRRT during her talk on the final day. She relayed that the AKI incidences accounted for "21% of all hospital admissions and over 50% of intensive care unit patients." Quoting the latest reports on AKI, Tolwani noted the dire need for healthcare professionals to improve the assessment and management of this condition in the face of a current unacceptable delay.
Putting knowledge into practice – to improve patients' outcomesBig grants were given out on the final day to pave the way for AKI research, carried out by various universities in the region. As pointed out by some of the key speakers, AKI research is lacking in South East Asia and warrants large prospective studies.
We managed to catch hold of Prof Mehta, despite the busy back-to-back agenda during the congress. When asked about his afterthoughts of the inaugural congress, Prof Mehta shared that the event aimed "to bring knowledge on critical care nephrology to the region and to raise awareness of AKI – and the opportunities we have – to further improve the outcomes of patients with this disease."
As for the key message that attendees should take home, Prof Mehta hoped they "recognise that AKI is highly prevalent; it has a huge patient and global burden. Also, we have great opportunities to prevent and manage it… using the new tools. For instance, we have both biomarkers and renal replacement therapy to improve the survival for our patients."
The next Asia Pacific AKI CRRT congress is reportedly in talks already – seemingly to be held in Taipei, according to Prof Goh. It is with great hope that Malaysia would put together yet another insightful line-up in the future AKI CRRT congresses. MIMS
Read more:
"Looking Back, Moving Forward"—OGSM annual congress reflects on 25 years of milestone
MEBO International launches "Every Woman Every Child China Partnership Network Life Regenerative Action Programme" in Malaysia
MSD Malaysia launches dual-mechanism drug that significantly lowers LDL-C levels


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Yamaha CSP-150 Clavinova Smart Piano
The CSP-150 will teach those who have always wanted to play piano how to play their favorite songs, right out of their own music library. The Smart Pianist app analyzes any song within seconds, and produces a piano score that they can read, all while Stream Lights above each key show them which notes to play and when!
The CSP is the very first digital piano that can be completely controlled via a smart device. It offers the same intuitive, fast and easy control that we have come to appreciate from our smartphones or iPads. As soon as the Clavinova CSP is connected wirelessly or via cable to an Apple iPad, YAMAHA's SmartPianist app opens up any number of ways for the user to enhance their playing, select an accompaniment, improve technique or play along to personal favorites. The YAMAHA SmartPianist app gives immediate access to 692 voices, 470 different accompaniment styles and over than 400 songs.
This synergy of smart device and conventional musical instrument is a world first, enabling total harmonic control of an entire band, adjustment of the piano sound according to mood and selection of different tempos.
It's not just seasoned players who will be impressed with this new technology. Beginners will be inspired by the YAMAHA Stream Light System, which makes learning to play the piano easier than ever before. Discreet red and blue LEDs appear above the keys to guide the player through a song. So from the very beginning, even absolute beginners can experience a sense of achievement and joy from playing the piano.
For the more traditional pianist, they will be happy to see that the instrument only features two buttons so it retains a classically elegant piano design.