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Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training in Rishikesh – The Best Way to Learn and Master
The ancient traditional physiology has reiterated the fact that human body has unlimited potential energy stored inside and is the most complex organism that has been evolved over thousands of years. The most authentic scripture of yogic principles also clarifies the same by its descriptions about the presence of Kundalini and its hidden powers which can be enlightened by proper sadhana (practice). Kundalini yoga as an integral part of Tantric Yoga practices has extensive explanations by enlightened souls like Sri Rama Krishna Paramhamsa and his disciple Swami Vivekananda. Many other masters have also emphasized on Kundalini and its unfathomable powers, which can be awakened with yogic practices. We at Vinyasa Yoga Academy offer a detailed Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training in Rishikesh to the students from different parts of the world. Under the guidance of learned yoga trainers and yoga masters, Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training offered by our Academy is one of the finest in the world exposing a person about the all the essential elements of Kundalini Yoga with its nurturing.
What happened when you undergo Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training in Rishikesh:
Our Academy is situated in one of the most pristine locations in the Yoga Capital of the world – Rishikesh. The environment purified with natural green forests full of medicinal plants and the pure bliss of winds from the mighty Himalayas offer you a unique and unparalleled ambience to practice Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training. Our course is well developed with conceptual clarity and practical exposure. You can also discuss with the learned masters regarding different aspects of Kundalini Yoga along with its teaching methodologies. You can also access a good collection of ancient scriptures which can help you in learning the aspects of Kundalini in a much more elaborate manner. With Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training in Rishikesh you can not only gain knowledge, but can also use that knowledge to perform Kundalini Sadhana to empower your souls to impact an effective teaching. The unleashing power of Kundalini is highly effective in fulfilling material and eternal desires. With right kind of training and proper guidance you can learn and master the art of Kundalini Yoga for becoming an effective yoga teacher after successful completion of the training program. By joining this course you take the first step in mastering and harnessing your potential as an evolved human being.
What are the essentials for learning Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training in Rishikesh:
If you are already aware about Yoga, this Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training Program in Rishikesh is one of the most ideal courses for you. You just need to prepare yourself to stay in an isolated atmosphere far away from the hustles-bustles of the city life and spend some days in the serene Rishikesh. Second important thing that you must be prepared is to practice abstinence from any form of distractions, and savour vegetarian organic foods in the Academy. You are also requested to live a simple life inside the Academy hostels during the entire period of Kundalini Yoga Teacher Training in Rishikesh. You can also ask us for any specific clarifications if you need through email or through messaging on our website. We will be delighted to receive you and offer you one of the most ancient practices of Kundalini Yoga through our learned masters. Call us today!
18 Days Kundalini Meditation Teacher Training Course Syllabus :
Kundalini Yoga Asana:
- Bhujangasana (Cobra pose- to awake heart chakra)
- Prarthanasana (The prayer pose -to have reverence)
- Padahastasana (The standing forward bend - to awake Muladhar Chakra)
- Tadasana (The Tree Pose - for nourishing our spiritual aspiration)
- Trikonasana (The Triangle pose)
- Sahaja Agnisar Dhauti (Awakening inner fire - in Manipura Chakra)
- Vajrasana (Thunderbolt pose -to cleanse Vajra nadi to promote ascendance of the sexual energy towards upper chakras)
- Shalabhasana (The Locust pose –Increases the blood supply to the sacrum and lower back)
- Dhanurasana (The Bow pose – remove constipation and improve digestion)
- Ardha Matsyendrasana (The Lord of the Fishes pose)
- Uddiyana Bandha (Upward flying lock)
- Paschimottanasana (The back stretching pose)
- Janushirshasana (The head to knee pose- eliminate laziness and weakness)
- Ushtrasana (The Camel Pose-arousing Manipura chakra)
- Naukasana (The boat pose – alleviates anxiety and nervousness)
- Supta Vajrasana (The Reclining Thundrebolt pose – guides the sexual energy through Vajra nadi towards brain)
- Garudasana (The Eagle pose – improve balance and co-ordination)
- Nauli Kriya (The Navel Cleansing- Balance the three humours of the body kapha-vata-pitta)
- Ardha Shirshasana (Half head stand- rejuvenate the brain cells)
- Shashankasana (The Hare pose – remove stress, arrogance, selfishness and anger)
- Pavanamuktasana (Massages the internal organ and decongests the liver and sexual organs)
Kundalini asthi Granthi Kriya (Joints movements)
- Warm up Exercises
- Feet and ankle exercises
- Knee movement
- Hip movement and rotation
- Leg cradle
- Side bening
- Arms movement
- Arm swing
- Elbow movement
- Wrist and hand movement
- Neck exercises
- Chin, jaw, mouth, toungue, eye and head exercises
Surya Namaskar (Sunsalutation)
Kundalini Rituals
- devi havan
- 1008 offeringto shiva and Shakti
- Visit Devi temple for worship
- Daily chanting and Arati
- Bhajan kirtan for kundalini awakening
- correct Sitting
- Correct breathing
- Chakra Breathing Meditation
- Mantra Meditation
Cleansing Exercises
- Jala neti
- Kunjal Kriya
- Daily detox
- Kapalbhati
- Tratak
For whom:
- Want to develop the skill of teaching in the path of traditional kundalini Tantra and meditation
- Good for beginners and advance yoga practitioner
- Willing to have awakening the hidden energy
- At least 6 month of Yoga experience, better if you have done 200/300 Hrs yoga TTC from any schools
- Those who are seeking 200hr yoga alliance certificate after completion of the course
- Interested to teach meditation, tantra kundalini practices
- The booking amount of 200 USD is non refundable, remaining fee needs to be paid on arrival.
- There will be an additional cost of 250 USD for private accommodation & 75 USD for Air conditioners if needed.
- The TTC starts from 13th of every month and ends on 30th but in Feb ends on 2nd. The self study and practice time will be calculated in the total hours.
- It is an intensive program, so it is not allowed to do anything else like any course or study outside the center
- The daily schedule may change according to weather
What does the course fees include ?
- 18 nights shared Accommodation from 13th to 30
- Daily nutritious vegetarian meals, detox juice and tea
- Weekend excursions
- A free ayurvedic massage.
- Free taxi-pickup from (DED) dehradun airport.
- Yoga cleansing kit- Neti pot, Sutra neti
- Himalayan Cave meditation trip
- One the himalayas sightseeing trip
Tantra Prana Kriya (Tantrik Breathing Practices)
- Kapal Bhati – For Awakening 3rd Eye and emotional cleansing
- Bhastrika – For Awakening fire centre and Emotional Stability
- Bhramari – Transforming Brain Waves and cleansing ajna and Sahasrar chakra
- Nadi-shodhanam – For balancing both hemisphere and activate susumna
Kriya Yoga Practices for Kundalini Awakening
- Rules and Preparation
- Postures
- Chakra Sadhana
- Practices to awaken Ajna Chakra
- Practices to awake Mooladhar Chakra
- Practices to awake Swadhisthan Chakra
- Practices to awake Manipura Chakra
- Practices to awake Anahata Chakra
- Practices to awake Vishuddhi Chakra
- Practices to awake Bindu
- Practices for Chakra Awareness
Kundalini Shakti Bandha
- Moola Shakti Bandha (Root Energy Lock)
- Uddiyana Shakti Bandha (Abdoman Energy Lock)
- Jalandhar Shakti Bandha (Throat Energy Lock)
- Maha Shakti Bandha (Great Energy Lock)
Kundalini Tantra Mudra
- Hast Mudra
- Mana Mudra
- Kaya Mudra
- Adhara Mudra
- Bandha Mudra
Yoga Nidra
- Subtle body awakening yoga nidra
- 31 point blue star yoga nidra
Kundalini tantra Philosophy:
- Introduction to Kundalini Yoga
- Defination of the Chakra
- Understanding the Chakra
- Mooladhara Chakra
- Swadhisthan Chakra
- Manipura Chakra
- Anahata Chakra
- Vishudhhi chakra
- Aagya Chakra
- Sahasrar chakra
- Kundalini Awakening process
- Mantra-Shaktipata
Kundalini Anatomy
- Nadis/Energy channel
- Chakras
- Panchakosha (5 sheaths)
- Respiratory system
- Nervous system
- Tridosha
- Dhatus
- Vayu
- All classes
- Free Wife-Internet facilities
- 3 Vegetarian Yogic meals
- Detox tea
- Nature Excursions
- Daily detox cleansing with Cleansing Kit
- Book and study materials
- Himalayan Sunrise Tour
- Free one ayurvedic Massage
- One Mala
What you will learn:
- Kundalini Practice (to awake the hidden energy)
- Tantra practices (To unite and balance the shiva and shakti)
- Hatha Yoga (for physical health and flexibility)
- Pranayama (for energy balance and proper breathing)
- Meditation (for calming and relaxing the mind to achieve stillness and stability in our life )
- Bandhas (For awaken the hidden energy and channeling the energy in the proper direction)
- Mudras (Yogic gestures that help you to save your energy so that you can make yourself always happy )
- Philosophy (you can understand your life better and the function of kundalini shakti)
- Satkarma (Detox cleansing will help you to make yourself lighter and open to awake the enegy)
- Ayurvedic Massage and Nautral Healings Treatment with 20% Discournt
- Airport pick up from Dehradun 18 USD, Delhi airport - 59 USD
- Ayurvedic Doctor and Astrology Consulatation 20 USD each
What is not included in the course fees ?
- Any expenses related to visa and travel
- Private accommodation- 250 USD additional
- Air-conditioner or room heater- 50 USD additional
ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLSYou will gain practical knowledge and skills through.
- 1- Direct Teachings.
- 2- Self Practice.
- 3- Initiation and Blessings (Transmission of Energy).
- 4- Self-Study.
- 5- Practice Teaching.
Evaluation & Certification:
- 1- Written Test.
- 2- Oral Test.
- 3- Attendance.
- 4- Performance.
- 5- Behavior.
Questions?Please Contact The Meditation Center, either Online or by Calling + 91 - 8755744872
How to Sign UpPlease fill out this Application. Once your application is received and reviewed, you will be contacted as soon as possible.
Apply Now
18 Days Kundalini Meditation Teacher Training Course Dates - 2020
Apply now
Discipline Rules for Students
- Smoking and alcohol are strictly prohibited in the school.
- If you are having a fast any day, you have to inform kitchen manager for avoiding food waste.
- Always make discipline, respect teachers and follow all rules.
- Always be in the time, you are late means will not be permitted to join class.
- Clear your books of account before departure from World Peace Yoga School.
- Before departure return your books, maps or any goods which you borrowed.
- World Peace Yoga School provides accommodation for a student who join yoga classes. So any friends or reletives will not be included in accommodation.
- Student have to present in all scheduled program of World Peace Yoga School.
Refund Policy - World Peace Yoga School
- An advance of a course fees will not be refundable, only in the case of emergency students can join us on other schedules.
- If student cancel the course, we accept cancellation but advance deposit will not be refund in cancellation.
- There is no charge of course cancellation. Student just has to inform by email.
- Vinyasa Yoga Academy is not responsible for any mishappenings before course schedule.
For further information kindly click FAQ at headlines and find all answers for frequently asked questions
Meditation is a quality of being that you bring to the act. It is not a particular act, it is not that you do this then it is meditation – that you sit in a certain posture, siddhasana, and you keep your spine erect, and you keep your eyes closed or you look at the tip of your nose or you watch your breath, then it is meditation – no, these are just devices for the beginners - by Osho


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Payday 2 Developers Show Us How to Plan the Perfect Bank Heist in New Walkthrough Video
How do you plan the perfect bank heist? And what happens when it all goes wrong? The developers at Overkill Software give us a handy multiplayer walkthrough of a bank robbery in Payday 2–how to execute it properly and how you can really mess it up.
There are two main ways to go about robbing a bank. The first is just to go in, kill everyone and then wait for the SWAT team. The other method is stealth, which is what the developers demonstrate in the video.
You can invest money into modifying weapons or into the heist itself, such as paying for insider information. There are different roles that each player can take on like Mastermind (the planner and most convincing when answering security calls), Ghost (the one best at taking out security cameras and sneaking into the banks) and the Enforcer (the actual combatant and wears heavy armor). Robbing a bank in Payday 2 requires a lot of multitasking and planning, which in turn requires strong teamwork between all the players.
Watch the video below and see how well the developers' heist actually went.

subset: commoncrawl


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There is no such thing as free speech unless someone is discussing the weather. Good things are free yes, but good things are invariably abused. Free speech is abused, and this results in a cost to someone, namely the libel victim. Congressional immunity for republishing libel online (particularly with foreknowledge) is absurd. Newspapers, magazines, TV stations and radio can't, and their exposure is only momentary... why can online content providers when their content is immediately and perpetually available?. Adherents and practitioners of this silly safe-harbor are either lazy, ambivalent, anti-social or haven't yet experience the anguish of being on the receiving end.
In a perfect world free speech would work, but so would communism.....
Michael Roberts Google+
Saturday, July 18, 2009
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The team
Refreshr couldn't help you take control of your online identity without its team members working as a whole, but also expressing their individuality in an unique product. Refreshr is a sum of our ways of living and thinking.
Emanuel Lainas
Growing up in front of a computer monitor, it might be easy to explain my affinity for coding. Yet being close to the Internet, I've come to realise that the purpose of any product is, above all, to bring value to the users.
My passion for startups has its roots in my involvement in the uberVU project.
Through my work, I'm truly focused on developing and improving the online environment – whether it's social media, websites or custom applications.
Tiberiu Neagu
From clumsy trial and error beginnings with web interfaces in Flash years ago, to sketches in Photoshop and reading books about UX, my road has been eventful and rewarding.
I'm currently involved with Universal Music Group as product manager for an innovative digital distribution platform, and doing some social media on the side.
I like to think I've been blessed with a bit of luck, and I hope it will stick with me throughout the challenges that await.
Mihnea Simian
I've been practicing web development for the past 4 years, and you may say I tend to be a perfectionist as I like getting things done in everything I do.
I fancy teaching and explaining things to others, at least the way I see them. Although it can be hard to combine work with hobbies, creative activities, social life and spare time, I think I'm doing ok.
If you want to talk tequila shots and old film cameras, look me up.


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The Dusk Bread Cover Knitting Pattern
"Classic knit stitches and subtle lace create a beautiful and practical bread cover for the kitchen and dining room. This knitting pattern equips you with detailed written instructions, a stitch glossary, links to numerous video tutorials, and more. If you're looking to knit a lovely, pretty decor item, then look no further than The Dusk Bread Cover knitting pattern!"
The pattern contains highly-detailed written instructions, a stitch glossary, links to numerous video and photo tutorials, and more.
Advanced-beginner knitters (simple knit stitches + techniques involved). All Darling Jadore patterns come with a Stitch Glossary containing written instructions and links to numerous photo and video tutorials for the stitches and techniques required by the pattern.
English. The pattern is written in standard American terms.
Pattern includes linked shopping list. Yarn: Medium/Worsted-Weight (Category 4).
The Dusk Bread Cover knitting pattern is available for download immediately after ordering and e-mailed to the e-mail address provided at checkout. Contact The Darling Jadore Technical Support Team via e-mail at any time if you have any difficulty downloading your knitting pattern: firstname.lastname@example.com. As with all Darling Jadore knit and crochet patterns, the download link never expires, and all knit and crochet patterns are "live", meaning they are regularly updated (with notice to customers). We at Darling Jadore are passionate about providing the highest quality knitting patterns and crochet patterns and videos to our customers, and to us, that means always updating versions of our knit and crochet patterns to make them the highest possible quality when possible. You can read more of our FAQs here. ✔ DISCLAIMER: All knitting patterns and crochet patterns are instant-download digital files. No patterns are shipped.
All knitting patterns and crochet patterns and photographs are the property of Darling Jadore and are purchased under the agreement that the knit and crochet patterns and photographs cannot be distributed, copied in part or in whole, re-written, or re-sold without permission. All knitting pattern and crochet pattern files, photos, and videos are protected by U.S. copyright and are the property of DarlingJadore. It is illegal to redistribute, sell or share these knit or crochet patterns in part or in whole, electronically or physically.
Resell finished product with pattern credit.
© 2020 DarlingJadore; All rights reserved.


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|Snow affecting the Start Software e-Innovation Centre office
Thursday, 1 March 2018
Weather disruption at Start Software
We've got weather issues at our Telford office today so please do bear with us if we don't respond as quickly as normal to support requests.
There is plenty of self-help material available on the manuals section of our website here.
Posted by Robin Bennett at Start Software at 08:48
Labels: support
|Your reaction:
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20-Inch (5-8 yr. old)
LIGHTWEIGHT AND EASY TO MANEUVER, ENCHANT PUTS HER ON A PATH TO ADVENTURE. Designed to be light, agile, and easy to maneuver off-road. Fast-rolling 20- or 24-inch wheels and trail-ready tires make Enchant a fun, stable bike to help her build confidence and skills. Front and rear hand brakes that provide powerful stopping power. With its easy-to-use twist shifters, she'll feel excited and secure as she tackles new terrain. KEY PERFORMANCE FACTORS Safe - Liv's Purpose Driven Design gives her a comfortable frame geometry with low stand-over height for easy maneuvering and reliable hand brakes safely slow and stop. Empowering - A 50 mm front suspension fork on select models and off-road tires create traction and smooth out bumps so she can build confidence. Comfort and Control - A comfortable, lightweight ALUXX frame design with an upright riding position and twist shifters inspire girls to learn to mountain bike.
Her first two-wheeler and one of life's great experiences, the colorful Adore makes it easy. A lightweight aluminum frame with a low stand-over height makes young girls' first bike experience comfortable and confidence inspiring. Colorful paint will catch the attention of the little lady in your life at first glance. Adore is the perfect riding companion for the driveway and beyond. This bike is fitted with an easy to use single-speed drivetrain and mini-rider settings. Designed for safety, stability, and comfortable pedaling. Complete with a bell that lets everyone know she's on the move. Lightweight ALUXX frame material and innovative fork design come together to keep her ride light and easy. Intuitive Singlespeed drivetrain and smaller grip design keep it easy for her to learn and feel comfortable behind the wheel. Safe Easy balance tires, training wheels and a low stand-over height allow for safe maneuvering. Why we love it Small on size, big on fun. She's ready for her first adventures with the colorful adore. A protective chainguard keeps clothing and fingers out of harm's way. Removable training wheels let her progress when the time is right. The colorful basket is the perfect place to carry her favorite toy.
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I've always been in love with the woods, the feeling of freedom they give me. Absences. Things that have aesthetic but retain the essence of beauty. Everything flows through the emotions I experience and I know I get to lead you.
Photographer: Romanxvvii @romanxvvii https://romanxvvii.wixsite.com/website | Styling: Pau Collado @paucolladopau + Raymundo Montiel @raymundo_motz | Models: Jimena Rangel @jim.rangel + Olga Kulichenko @olga_kulichenko | New Icon Models @newiconmodels | Mua: None – natural beauty <3)


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Courtesy of
Is it easy to read the index? Do the words in the subentries flow in sentence-like style or do you have to back up and reread the entry? Are there subentries that could be read either way and therefor need re-phrasing?
Who are the probable readers for this book? What kind of appropriate language has the indexer used? Is it a lay audience or PhDs? Programmers or users? Patients or doctors? Students or scientists?
Could the *structure* be more intuitive for the target audience?
What are the are the most important topics? What has the indexer done to emphasize the importance of these topics?
What are the inter-connected discussions in the book? What has the indexer done to gather these connections? Does it work well? Where does it work well?
Has the indexer given you more than one route to the information in the book? Select a main entry and consider synonyms and similar phrases. Can you find any of them in the index? Are there cross-references used, or are the locators repeated fully in both locations? Do the indexer's decisions help make life easier for the reader -- or is the indexer making the reader's life more difficult by overindexing the book and doing too much hand-holding?
Are some topics hidden in subentries that should be out as main headings? Or are some main entries so lacking in context or so ambiguous that they really should be moved to a subentry position under a main heading so the reader will have some idea what they are seeing?
What do the cross references tell you about the book? Why did the indexer use them? What do the doubleposts tell you about the book? Why did the indexer use them instead of a cross reference?
Remember the basics of indexing...the indexer is usually supposed to:
~ Point the reader to the information in the book.
~ Capture the "about-ness" of the discussions.
~ Use the keyword first if possible.
~ Write clear and succinct entries.
~ Be consistent in the treatment of similarly structured entries and level of detail.
~ Gather related material in the index well so the reader doesn't have to read the whole index.
~ Create subentries when there are not too many (5? 8?) unanalyzed locators.
~ Use cross-references to point the reader to similar information and to reflect the author's language. Use doublepostings if they are space efficient.
~ Be accurate with the locators - a reviewer can't help you with that (although we can see where your doublepostings are good or bad).
~ Remember the *many* other specific indexing guidelines that are not listed here...
Using the on-line yahoogroups IndexPeers listserv:
* save time in your schedule for good reviews to happen (2-4 days?)
* ask who has time to review
* send your index (which should be as well-edited to that point as you can get it) to the reviewers who have responded to your initial request (sometimes I save one reviewer for "second tier"). Including the metatopic (what is the author trying to say) sentence and a reminder of the due date when you send the index is useful.
* when those reviews come back, acknowledge receipt of their review to each individual reviewer right away
* (optional) make the adjustments you accept, then send the index to the last reviewers (or the strongest reviewer) you saved out for the final review (the second tier), if you saved time for that
* thank all reviewers individually (perhaps including each one's more important "saves")
* mention your reviewers' names and a few of their more important "saves" to the whole list (This RoR or "Review of Reviews" also helps reviewers expand their repertoire of what to review for, and indexers expand what they catch early in their own work).
Of course, while the index is being reviewed, you would continue to edit your index yourself. And while you will acknowledge each reviewer personally, you might also mention your reviewers by name in your "review the reviews" (RoR) so other folks can see what was especially useful. In your RoR, offer the more interesting or unique items that you decided to accept from your reviewers so others can gain from your experience too. Then, look for opportunities to review other people's indexes. Even beginners can participate as they learn to sharpen what their eyes see in an index.
Special new-indexer idea: a beginning indexer might request of the person whose index they review that permission to send the new indexer copies of the other reviews of that index as a learning tool be granted by the other reviewers. This is a way for newer indexers to see what other reviewers catch in an index the new indexer/reviewer has already worked on.
In the real world of writers and awards, a piece may be strongly edited and still be considered the author's sole work. The judges of the Wilson Award allow reviewed indexes to be submitted for the award. Any dispute among indexers and their reviewers about collaboration vs. assistance will be the responsibility of the indexers themselves, not the Wilson Award committee.
No one keeps score, but let me re-emphasize the concept of "mutual assistance." The success of the Peer Review list depends upon the members reviewing for each other (not just one direction) no matter what level of an indexer they are. A beginner more than once has found an ordinary error that not one of the experienced reviewers mentioned. I also suggest reviewing *for* others a few times (to get name-recognition and to share your good, new energy) before asking for a review (but this is certainly not a "rule" by any means.)
To subscribe, go to:
Table of Contents of All Six Novice Notes pages:
Back Words Indexing
Martha Osgood, Indexer


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|Home > Clustering of heterogeneous networks with directional flows based on "Snake" similarities
Aggregated network level modeling and control of traffic in urban networks have recently gained a lot of interest due to unpredictability of travel behaviors and high complexity of physical modeling in microscopic level. Recent research has shown the existence of well-defined Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFDs) relating average flow and density in homogeneous networks. The concept of MFD allows to design real-time traffic control schemes specifically hierarchical perimeter control approaches to alleviate or postpone congestion. Considering the fact that congestion is spatially correlated in adjacent roads and it propagates spatiotemporaly with finite speed, describing the main pockets of congestion in a heterogeneous city with small number of clusters is conceivable. In this paper, we propose a three-step clustering algorithm to partition heterogeneous networks into connected homogeneous regions, which makes the application of perimeter control feasible. The advantages of the proposed method compared to the existing ones are the ability of finding directional congestion within a cluster, robustness with respect to parameters calibration, and its good performance for networks with low connectivity and missing data. Firstly, we start to find a connected homogeneous area around each road of the network in an iterative way (i.e. it forms a sequence of roads). Each sequence of roads, defined as 'snake', is built by starting from a single road and iteratively adding one adjacent road based on its similarity to join previously added roads in that sequence. Secondly, based on the obtained sequences from the first step, a similarity measure is defined between each pair of the roads in the network. The similarities are computed in a way that put more weight on neighboring roads and facilitate connectivity of the clusters. Finally, Symmetric Non-negative Matrix Factorization (SNMF) framework is utilized to assign roads to proper clusters with high intra-similarity and low inter-similarity. SNMF partitions the data by providing a lower rank approximation of the similarity matrix. The proposed clustering framework is applied in medium and large-size networks based on micro-simulation and empirical data from probe vehicles. In addition, the extension of the algorithm is proposed to deal with the networks with sparse measurements where information of some links is missing. The results show the effectiveness and robustness of the extended algorithm applied to simulated network under different penetration rates (percentage of links with data). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


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Submission Preparation ChecklistAs part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.
- The document is submitted in Microsoft Word format.
- The manuscript has not been submitted in another journal before and has no simultaneous submittion.
- The authors comply with the List of Documents for Initial Submission
- The text has Continuous Line Numbers, double spaced line spacing, Times Roman Type font, 12 point size, Justified Margin, 2.5 cm margins on all sides, Paragraphs started with 1.25 cm inbound tabulation, Headers and footers without page numbers or other information.


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Introduction to the Biological Collections
Introduction to the Biological Collections
Introduction to the Biological Collections
Introduction to the Biological Collections
Introduction to the Biological Collections
Introduction to the Biological Collections
Introduction to the Biological Collections
Introduction to the Biological Collections
Botanical Gardens are institutions aimed at research, plant conservation, and education. Considered living museums, their collections provide a knowledge on biodiversity and on the importance of plants for the life on the planet.
Nowadays there are around 33 thousand endangered plant species or in danger of loss of genetic diversity, with over 2,500 botanical gardens and arboretums in the world. Bearing this in mind, the botanical gardens were asked to implement the Global Strategy on Plant Conservation and to elaborate projects towards the conservation of plants and to attract the people's attention by means of adequate educational programs, emphasizing the preservation of the genetic diversity and the sustainable development. In this context, the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden has the mission of "promoting, creating and disseminating the training and the technical and scientific research on the flower resources in Brazil, aiming at the knowledge and the biodiversity conservation" as well as maintaining the scientific collections under its responsibility.
The collections of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden are built by means of many different actions. The researchers travel to the natural environment to collect plant samples. The branches with flowers are dried in a press to create the exsiccatae, the components of the herbarium. Fruits, seeds, and parts of leaves are also collected, which are placed in bags with silica and processed by the DNA Laboratory team. When possible, the researchers also bring wood samples for the xylotheque. At the Seed Laboratory, the process and study the seeds that are stored in refrigeration chambers, the remaining seeds are sent to the Tree Nursery for the production of sprouts. Finally, the entomological collection has the main goal of preserving adult and immature insects collected on the plants of the Arboretum, some of which capable of damaging those plants, with the intent of recording and studying these occurrences.
A botanical garden differs from other institutions because it keeps Collections of Living Plants properly documented. These institutions mantain their Collections of Living Plants for a number of uses towards generating and spreading knowledge on plants based in scientific investigations.
Besides the botanic information, regarding the scientific name of the plants, the botanical gardens also provide information on plants that are part of our daily lives and that are linked to the national, regional or local culture. The information explains the origin and the distribution of species, its usages and other interesting facts.
Thus, a botanical garden has plants that constitute important institutional collections, which are references for many professionals in their investigations and also providing education and culture for the general public. The living plants of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden are stored in greenhouses, the plant houses or spread on the tree-beds of the arboretum area.
DNA Repository
For over 200 years, the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden has been developing research in many fields of botany. Native species of the Brazilian flora, many of them being rare or endangered, have always been the focus of the research. The maintenance and the improvement of the scientific collection are also part of the institutional goals. The Herbarium, the Arboretum, the Xylotheque and the Carpotheque are also important collections, being the herbarium one of the largest and oldest of the country. In June 9, 2004, the DNA Bank on Species of the Brazilian Flora was added to those collections. Just as the rest of them, the DNA Bank will be permanently provided with new samples.
Our Goal
The DNA Repository of the Research Institute of the Botanical Garden aims at conserving genetic information representing the huge diversity of the Brazilian flora, being a historical register of the plant variation and a standard for conservation and biotechnology.
Our goal is to store the DNA of the collection of the arboretum, of relevant species from Brazilian ecosystems, especially from the Atlantic Forest, of special taxonomic groups, of samples from the Herbarium and from different accesses of rare and/or endangered species.
The DNA stored at the Bank comes from specimens collected in scientific expeditions performed by researchers of the institution, of the Collections of the Arboretum, specimens from the Herbarium and donated plant material and/or DNA.
The material is collected in liquid nitrogen or is immediately dried out in silica gel before being brought to the laboratory. The extracted DNA is kept at -80ºC with its respective "voucher" deposited at the Herbarium collection.
- Due to the many possibilities of questions to be answered and groups/species to be worked with, the gathering of material (type, quantity, method and drying) must be done according to the curatorship.
- Any species to be included at the Bank must be sent with a testimony material at the herbarium.
- The delivery of the material to be processed must be accompanied by all the information asked for (genus, species, family, number of the collector, place of the gathering, date and registry number of the witness material at the herbarium).
- The methods of extraction used are: CTAB 2% and MATAB 4%. The preparation produces samples that are pure enough not to inhibit enzyme treatments. The store material is tested for the Polymerization Chain Reaction (PCR).
- DNA samples can be sent to other research institutions or universities when the demand made by the researcher is approved by the herbarium curatorship.
- External material can be deposited in the DNA Bank of the Botanical Garden if accompanied by testimony material and all the other information (genus, species, family, number of the collector, place, and date).
THE DNA Repository of the Botanical Garden can be accessed by means of JABOT
Links to other DNA Repositories
The Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden houses around 15 thousand specimens of bromeliads, distributed across two large greenhouses and tree-beds at the arboretum. The main green house, the Bromeliarium, was built in honor of the artist and landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx. It was opened in 1975 and renovated in 2007, aiming at improving the climatic conditions for the conservation of the plants, since the greenhouse holds the "scientific collection", with 5 thousand individuals of known precedence. This collection was and still is formed by means of scientific expeditions of researchers of the Botanical Garden, the Roberto Burle Marx' Grange and other national institutions. It is composed of 530 species of many Brazilian formations - the Amazon rainforest, the Atlantic Forest, restingas and caatingas - as well as specimens from South and Central America, with an emphasis on the endemic, rare and endangered species, which makes of the Botanical Garden a world reference center on the conservation of the Bromeliaceae family.
The Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden holds a bromeliad collections since more than a hundred years ago. Old botanists from the institution already collected those species for research: Brade, Santos Lima, Kuhlmann, Pereira and Duarte, among others.
In 1975, Dr. Raulino Reitz, an expert in Bromeliaceae of renown and director of the Botanical Garden at the time, opened the Ecological Bromeliarium of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden. In the same event, the Brazilian Bromeliad Society was founded, with Dr. Reitz being elected president and Dr. Lyman Smith (Smithsonian Institution – USA) as an honorary president.
In 1976, Dr. Felisberto Camargo, a researcher on the Ananas genus (pineapple), donated a collection of species of this genus to the bromeliarium, improving the collection. The archives at the time registered the existence of 148 species at the collection. More recently, the collection was improved by many scientific expeditions, among which can be mentioned those of Dimitre Sucre and Gustavo Martinelli, conducted by means of the Bromelia Project.
The entomological collection is located at the Plant Health Laboratory. Its main goal is of preserving adult as well as immature insects collected from the plants in the Arboretum. Many of those insects damage those plants and the collection helps to register and study those occurrences. We also have preserved specimens from the research of the entomofauna of the Botanical Garden and other urban green areas, focusing on ants (Hymenoptera), termites (Isoptera), borer beetles (Coleoptera) and mosquitos (Diptera).
The most recent collection related to the herbarium is the Ethnobotanical Collection, registered in 2012 on the Index Herbariorum. It is constituted by a collection of useful plants and its wild relatives, as well as artifacts, derivatives and information on the usage of those plants. The main goal of this collection is to ensure that the knowledge on the usage of those plants by traditional peoples and communities is recorded and preserved. Following that line, the specimens are being acquired and incorporated as testimonies of the local knowledge regarding the history and the usage of species. Considering the peculiarities of this collection, the samples are recognized by its own acronym (RBetno) and follow the rules established by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Brazilian Law on the Access to Genetic Resources (2001), especially related to the conservation of genetic resources and the traditional knowledge associated to it. The RBetno is also ruled by the ethics codes of the professional societies (Declaration of Belém, 2004; International Society of Ethnobiology, 2006), that deal with the protection of the ethnobotanic information related to the registered material.
The fungi culture collection, started in 2010, aims at conserving on of the promising group of organisms in environmental bioremediation processes, with an important role on the biogeochemical cycles They are widely used in feeding, are important pathogens of important plants on economy or conservation. The fungi are also part of most biotechnological processes used on the production of commercial substances or on the on the changes of substrata in products of increased added value. The collection preserves those organisms for current and future studies and also for their future usage on the recomposition of environments, in the industry or on related activities. The collection currently holds around 250 fungi kept by periodic pricking, of which 120 are done by the distilled water method (Castellani) and 22 by the method of freeze-drying or lyophilization. Most of the fungi samples have been isolated from plants with symptoms of fungi diseases gathered in many sprout-beds used in reforestation. Lately, the priority has been on isolation of fungi that are potentially pathogenic towards the seed samples preserved at the seed repository of the Botanical Garden.
A herbarium is composed by a collection of "exsiccatae", dehydrated plant samples that are registered and stored under special conditions for its conservation throughout the centuries. Besides the exsiccatae, many other elements from plants can also be part of a herbarium, such as wood fragments, fruits, artifacts, wooden sheets, pollen or DNA samples.
The initial collection of the herbarium was composed of 25,000 samples donated by Peter II, but its history and of the other collections associated to the herbarium began in March, 25, 1890, at the moment in which the naturalist João Barbosa Rodrigues took office as director of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden. During the 20th Century, associated researchers organized many expeditions to gather plants in different regions of the country, increasing the number of samples and the exchange with herbariums in Brazil and abroad. All this work enabled the enrichment of the collection, increasing its scientific importance for the Brazilian flora, being recognized until today as a strategic collection for the country. The herbarium currently holds 600,000 exsiccatae of all plant and fungi groups, with 20 thousand new samples being added on a yearly basis. The collection of typus must also be highlighted, with around 7,500 samples. This collection can be researched online.
Historical Collections
A historical collection marks a time or an event in the history of botany. They are usually considered to be historical since they are quoted in the scientific works of the last century. Among the historical collections, the oldest ones belongs to the Herbier Geral of Feé (1705-1872), acquired by Peter II. Also important are the collections Rabenhorst (1861), J. Kuntze (1876), Herb. Kamerling (1892).
Curator: Rafaela Forzza
Substitute Curator: Marcus Nadruz
Types of exchange
Donation by identification – exchange of copies of plants to be identified by an expert Permutation – exchange of copies of plants for other plants
Loan of plants for taxonomic studies
Project Computerization of the Herbarium RB Collection
Seed repository for the conservation of biodiversity
The storage of seeds is one of the most efficient and practical strategies of conserving the biodiversity ex situ (outside their place of origin), especially when the species reproduce asexually (through seeds). This technique is frequently used as a complementation of the in situ methods of conservation (in the place of origin), but it can be the only conservation option for a few rare and endangered species.
Why should we store the species in seed repositories?
• Among the ex situ conservation techniques, the storage of seeds is the one that takes less space and that costs less money. Especially for the species that produce seeds resistant to the drying process (orthodox);
• The seed can be stored for long periods;
• If collected adequately, the stored seeds represent a wider genetic diversity than plants in other living collections;
• Contrarily to whole plants coming from nature or their vegetative parts, the seed collections, if performed in an adequate manner, causes little impact to the population of an endangered species.
How do the seed repositories work?
After collecting, registering and processing the seeds, they are evaluated according to their physical and physiological characteristics (mass, water content, viability, etc.). After that, the seeds are dehydrated (drying room: 18°C; 18% URar) until the water content reaches low levels (around 5%). At the end of this step, the seeds are placed in hermetic packages and stored in temperatures below zero (-20°C), reducing its metabolism and enabling its conservation for a long period of time.
The seeds of species which are (i) endangered, (ii) endemic, (iii) medicinal, (iv) used to restore the ecology and to rehabilitate the environment and (v) of local economic importance are of paramount importance to be conserved in seed repositories.
The Seed Laboratory of the Research Institute of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden manages the growth of the seed repository by means of collection and exchange of seeds, as well as research for the conservation of seeds of native species.
Index Seminum
O Banco de Sementes realiza o intercâmbio de sementes somente com instituições científicas nacionais (jardins botânicos, universidades, centros de pesquisa, etc.), através do INDEX SEMINUM
Sale of seeds
The Seed Repository does not sell or donate seeds to individuals.
Links to other Seed Repositories
Millennium Seed Bank – Kew Royal Botanic Garden
The Australian National Botanic Gardens National Seed Bank
Dr. Antônio Carlos Silva de Andrade
The anatomical structure of wood contributes significantly to the recognition of trees and bushes on taxonomical or phylogenetic research, especially when the reproductive material (flowers and/or fruits) is absent or scarce. In this context, the xylotheques represent an important source of information for the researcher, offering possibilities to identify and find data on the origin, collectors, etc.
History of the Xylotheque
The first reports on the existence of a wood collection in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden are from Barbosa Rodrigues, who grouped together many samples donated by the Emperor Peter II to other wood samples found in the Botanical Garden, with no kind of organization. Those wood samples were part of the first collection of the Botanical Museum, created in 1890. Apparently, the wood collection of the Botanical Museum was improved along the years with new findings by the travelling naturalists, a position created in the Botanical Garden in that same year (Decree 518- June, 23, 1890). The current collection keeps no register of those samples, since many of the registered woods have no information on the collector or the date. The oldest records of the Xylotheque of the Research Institute of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden come from many important researchers from the first half of the 20th Century, such as Adolpho Ducke, Geraldo Kuhlmann, Alexandre Curt Brade, Occhioni and others.
The xylotheque of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden officially opened in 1942. Its first register is on a Dyctioloma incannescens (Rutaceae), collected by Kuhlmann in March, 1939. Since there are many samples collected in previous dates and almost all the documents ruling over the functions of the Botanical Garden in the beginning of the century refer to the existence of wood samples in the collection, one can deduce that the current collection is the result of a grouping of previous existent collections that were probably maintained by the wood anatomists that worked in the old Plant Biology Institute and in the Forest Service. The oldest wood sample at the collection is the Peltogyne campestris collected by Ducke in the state of Pará, in April, 19, 1911.
The period between 1918 and 1966 represents the golden age of the anatomical wood studies in the Garden. Alberto Löfgren, hired in 1918, was the first researcher of the institution to work with wood anatomy. In the 1920s, the anatomy laboratory was organized by the famous microscopist Luiz Gurgel. This enabled more accurate works in optic microscopy. In 1931, Fernando Romano Milanez and Arthur de Miranda Bastos, researchers of the institution, were among the founders of the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA), an association that still convenes wood anatomists from all around the world. Among other activities developed by them, one can highlight the translation of the first rules on the description of woods and the organization, in 1936, on the first meeting of wood anatomists with participants from Brazil and other countries. In the beginning of the 1960s, Raul Dodsworth Machado built an electronic microscopy lab in the Botanical Garden. Machado took himself to the studies of plant cytology in Brazilian woods alongside with Dr. Milanez. The intense activity and the constant discussion of the subjects linked to plant anatomy, with researchers from Brazil and abroad, probably influenced the creation of a wood collection with more precise information on the places of origin, dates, etc. The researcher Armando de Matos Filho was responsible for the organization of the collection by constituting the files and recording the wood samples. Most of the index cards of the current archive were written in his own handwriting.
It can be said that the 1970s marked the decadence of the wood anatomy in the Botanical Garden. During these years, the institution had only Armando de Mattos Filho and Paulo Agostinho de Mattos Araújo working on this field of research. They maintained the research activities and the collection, but with less intensive activities if compared to the previous decades. Until 1983, all the information regarding the wood samples of the xylotheque were in index cards, many of which went missing (approximately 100 samples). At the time, the collection was coordinated by the Dr. Cecília Gonçalves Costa, who created the patrimonial record book to recover information of the index cards. Dr. Cecília was the mind behind the renovation of the collection by the end of the 1980s, playing an important role in the training of the researchers that currently work with the Atlantic Forest Program with research projects on plant anatomy. This team reinstated the research line on wood anatomy after five years without this field of expertise in the Botanical Garden since the retirement of Dr. Armando de Matos Filho and the passing of Dr. Paulo Agostinho de Mattos Araújo.
The xylotheque currently holds around 8,200 wood samples of 160 families and approximately 35 thousand slides obtained from 2,200 individuals. The collection is organized in steel lockers in the order they were registered and their respective index cards are stored in two ways: (1) according to the respective number of the samples and (2) in alphabetical order according to the taxonomic families. There is also a numerical register of the histological slides.
In all those years, the xylotheque also received many donations and exchanges that improved the collection substantially with exotic samples or from other regions of Brazil. The xylotheque of Yale is the biggest donor, with 978 samples of woods from all around the world, collected between 1929 and 1945. Many of those samples were used by the wood anatomist Samuel J. Record for the identification key for his books. The xylotheque also holds a collection of 44 different kinds of wood collected by Paulo de Campos Porto in 1948, especially to make the Record Keys, published in Tropical Woods. There are also donations from the Smithsonian Institute, with 427 samples from the Americas collected in 1961, 185 samples collected by B. A. Krukoff in the Amazon that were donated by the Museum of Natural History and by the U.S. National Herbarium. Lastly, there are also donations from the New York Botanical Garden and of samples gathered in the states of Pará and Amapá between 1961 and 1963 with around 267 samples.
The xylotheque of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden is more representative of the northern states of Brazil, reflecting the interests of the researchers of the institution, mainly until the 1970s. Currently, the tendency of the collection is the regionalization of the registers from field trips, with emphasis in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the different plants from the Atlantic Forest. This regionalization is mitigated by the exchange of samples with other institutions.
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Our Graduate Programs
The School of Journalism and New Media offers two master's degrees — one in journalism and one in integrated marketing communications. For the M.S. in Integrated Marketing Communications, students can choose from two delivery methods — residential or online. For the M.A. in Journalism, students can choose from two tracks — professional or academic.
M.A. in Journalism
It would be hard to imagine a better place for a journalist to study the art of storytelling at the graduate level than the campus of the University of Mississippi in Oxford, Mississippi. This fabled place that William Faulkner once called his personal "postage stamp of native soil" was indeed fertile soil for writers even before Faulkner began penning his stories and novels. Famed theater critic, journalist and novelist Stark Young lived and taught here at the turn of the last century. A long list of other writers and journalists—from legendary Harper's editor Willie Morris to former Boston Globe correspondent and current faculty member Curtis Wilkie—have contributed to the mystique of this unique and special place where storytelling, whether written, spoken or seen in vivid images, is the very core of our mission as a journalism program.
Let us show you our state-of-the-art media center and see where many generations of top journalists have learned their craft, journalists such as former Freedom Forum Executive Director Charles Overby (also now on our faculty), Fox News anchor Shepard Smith, and author and top national Associated Press correspondent Jesse Holland. Our journalism graduate program features two distinct tracks—professional and academic. The professional master's track offers courses in multimedia storytelling, documentary-making and long-form narrative writing that allow journalists to hone their craft to the highest level as they create lasting works of nonfiction, whether in print, online or on a screen. Students in the academic track can do this, too, but they will also take courses specifically designed to develop their research and theoretical skills, preparing them for a future in teaching as well as practicing journalism.
Preliminary Requirements: In addition to meeting graduate school admission requirements, applicants must submit a letter detailing their reasons for wishing to pursue the M.A. in journalism. Please send this letter directly to the School of Journalism and New Media (email@example.com). Applicants also should provide three letters of recommendation, including one addressing the applicant's mass media experience, if applicable.
Applicants who do not have the equivalent of an undergraduate major in journalism may be required to take up to 12 hours of approved undergraduate journalism. This requirement may be waived for applicants who have significant work experience in the field of journalism.
Contact Prof. Joe Atkins at firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
Course Requirements for journalism tracks:
Academic: Students take a 30-semester-hour program of study, as follows: Jour 651, 652, 654, and 655; 12 hours of elective graduate course work either in the school or in an area of concentration outside the school; and 6 hours of Jour 697 to complete a thesis or thesis project. A thesis project must be a professional work in an appropriate medium equal in scope to a formal thesis, i.e., based on a formal proposal encompassing problem analysis, literature review, method statement, and bibliography. Both the thesis and the project require pre-approval of a written prospectus and an oral examination.
Professional: Students take a 30-semester-hour program of study, as follows: Jour 578, 590, 610, and 668; 12 hours of graduate-level electives (Jour or non-Jour); and 6 hours of Jour 697 to complete a thesis project. A thesis project must be a professional work in an appropriate medium equal in scope to a formal thesis, i.e., based on a formal proposal encompassing problem analysis, literature review, method statement, and bibliography. The project requires pre-approval of a written prospectus and an oral examination. Read more about the professional track here.
Graduate-level journalism courses:
513. THE PRESS AND THE CHANGING SOUTH. An analysis of politics in the southern United States; examination of the role of the press in covering social issues; techniques used to inform the public about phenomena such as protest movements and their impact on social, political, and economic change. (3)
573. MASS COMM, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY. The theory of mass communications technology in relation to media functions, responsibilities, and influence in society. (3)
574. PUBLIC OPINION AND THE MASS MEDIA. Effects of language, culture, and ideology. Communication in the formation and action of crowds, masses, and publics. Mass and personal persuasion and propaganda techniques. The diffusion of ideas. Community power structures. Public opinion measurement. (3)
575. MASS MEDIA ETHICS AND SOCIAL ISSUES. Formulation and discussion of professional ethics for journalists. Analysis of social forces affecting media performance. (3)
577. DEPTH REPORTING. Investigative and interpretative news writing; coverage of courts and legislative bodies; use of public records. Prerequisite: Jour 377 with a minimum grade of C or professional equivalent. (3)
578. MULTIMEDIA DOCUMENTARY REPORTING. Development of skills in conceiving, documenting, recording, and presenting information at broadcast standards as mini-documentaries in newscasts or as 30-minute and 60-minute documentary programs. Prerequisite: Jour 378 with a minimum grade of C or professional equivalent. (3)
580. TOPICS IN JOURNALISM. Perspectives on issues such as international mass communication, media and society, journalism ethics, diversity, etc. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Instructor Approval Required. (3)
590: MULTIMEDIA STORYTELLING I. Students learn effective communications using graphical content, multimedia and interactive elements, creating a deliberate blend to add value to their storytelling. They acquire "hard" as well as "soft" skills needed in an unceasing news cycle. (3)
599. MEDIA PROBLEMS. Directed individual study or professional project. (May be repeated once for credit). Prerequisite: Consent of Department Chairperson Required. (1-3)
610. MULTIMEDIA STORYTELLING II. Expands on principles and techniques learned in Jour 590 as students marry new production skills to evolving news sensibility, producing potentially rules-bending, "out of the box" projects as selected areas of digital media are investigated in-depth. Prerequisite: Journalism 590. (3)
651. RESEARCH IN MASS COMMUNICATIONS. Introduction to basic procedures for gathering and evaluating information in mass communications. (3)
652. SEMINAR IN MASS COMMUNICATION THEORY. A survey of mass communication theory. (3)
654. SEMINAR IN COMMUNICATIONS LAW. Continuation of Communication Law with a concentration on specific areas of law in regard to the mass media. Prerequisite: Jour 371. (3)
655. SEMINAR IN HISTORY OF MASS MEDIA. Concentrated analysis and discussion of readings on media history. Prerequisite: Jour 301. (3)
664. JOURNALISM PRACTICES AND ETHICS. Analysis of the people who report the news within the context of a time period, an ethical issue, a specific media or any other construct that provides a cohesive whole. Issues covered will range from professional problems to the human, social, and other consequences of news, news practices and news technology on the people who report the news. (3)
668. NARRATIVE JOURNALISM. In-depth, non-fiction narrative writing course for print, radio and online, consisting of features, profiles, personal essays, travel writing and sports analysis. Considers the practice of narrative journalism within the context of American journalism-literary history and within the context of daily news, giving student writers an expansive platform to explore topics of interest. (3)
697. THESIS/THESIS PROJECT. No grade. (1-12)
M.S. in Integrated Marketing Communications
The M.S. in Integrated Marketing Communication is a tightly-focused professional master's degree in which you can learn to create and manage coordinated communications that connect people and organizations. The curriculum blends theory, insight, and real-world application with a focus on the strategic integration of several media fields, including advertising, public relations, brand strategy, digital media, direct mail, content marketing, and research.
By taking an audience-centered approach, you can create consistent and effective messages that influence audience behavior. Graduates are prepared for leadership roles in advertising and PR agencies, corporate communication, media firms, nonprofit organizations, health promotion, political communication, sports marketing, or government.
To explore the residential and online degrees, please visit our program website or contact Dr. Robert Magee at email@example.com.
Graduate-level IMC Courses
IMC 501. PROFESSIONAL IMC SEMINAR. An intensive survey of basic IMC disciplines, plus an examination of "vertical" interactive organizational components that can influence marketing planning and processes, e.g., management's mission, distribution, product development.
IMC 502. CONSUMER BEHAVIOR – UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET AUDIENCE. Applies insights and techniques of the social sciences to understand and predict how people will respond to messages, products and distribution channels. This course will focus on the practical application of ideas about consumer behavior to management decision making. Special attention will be given to recent developments in the discipline, including ideas about online behavior, the creation and manipulation of trends, the rise of marketing consciousness among consumers, the application of anthropological techniques to the study of consumer behavior, and others.
IMC 503. INSIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS. Introduces specific methods for generating and acquiring information and data useful for IMC applications.
IMC 504. CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND DIRECTION. Covers – from start to finish — the many facets of IMC creative development and management, all of which are combinations of both right and left-brain thinking.
IMC 505. INTERNET AND MOBILE MEDIA: EVOLUTION OF THE DIGITAL SPACE. This course addresses the ways in which the Internet has changed marketing practice, combining all IMC practices specialized for the Internet platform, so that they can be studied as an integrated whole. The course includes online consumer behavior, the creation of the website as a business's basic marketing platform – as catalog and collateral and retail platform and customer service provider. Search engine optimization, mobile marketing, online research and web videos are also included, as are widgets and other viral strategies. Search advertising, affiliate marketing, permission-based email marketing, Internet public relations applications, digital promotions and the rapidly expanding business of social marketing are also examined.
IMC 507. DIRECT AND DATABASE MARKETING. This course covers multiple methods of marketing to customers and potential customers directly and individually, in contrast with less precise, more broadly focused mass marketing media.
IMC 508. ADVANCED MEDIA STRATEGY AND ANALYSIS. This course is a detailed survey of new media planning and buying that is evolving in the 21st century. It covers multiple trends and challenges, including: client demand for Integrated Marketing Communications and greater accountability, audience fragmentation, media proliferation and new technologies.
IMC 509. SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN IMC. Directed individual study or professional project. May be repeated once for credit. Course requirements will reflect a difference between graduate and undergraduate students.
IMC 555. THE INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS CAMPAIGN. A capstone course involving tactical application of IMC skills and disciplines, and to develop team-building skills. Alternative and competing IMC campaigns will be presented and judged by both professor and client.
IMC 556. MULTICULTURAL MARKETING COMMUNICATION. Investigation and analysis of cultural diversity in integrated marketing communications and their effects on values, lifestyles and consumer behavior in international markets and within the United States. Students will learn to anticipate cultural problems and optimize communications for different societies.
IMC 557. BRAND AND RELATIONSHIP STRATEGIES. Focuses on critical thinking and problem solving in choosing the goals and tactics that will enable a firm to grow its business and develop its brand and relationships with key customers. Includes detailed examination of classic brand-building strategies and the ways in which marketers have developed and communicated strategies.
IMC 601. ADVANCED ACCOUNT PLANNING. Presents principles and practices of the account planning process to develop skills, insights and strategies to use in different methods of influencing consumers' behavior.
IMC 602. DESIGN AND VISUAL THINKING. This course will focus on visuals as a means to communicate ideas through the practice of integrated marketing communications. In this class students will be led through exercises that will better facilitate an encompassing view of visual communication and the way it affects a message from concept to creation. Both theory and practice are emphasized.
IMC 692. REPUTATION MANAGEMENT: PUBLIC RELATIONS AS A MARKETING TOOL. This course covers public relations as a key component of integrated marketing communications, interacting with other disciplines to manage a client's reputation among all publics and stakeholders.


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How Did the Modern World Come to Be?
"Swerve" may seem to be a strange word to use as the titular noun of a book with as sweeping a prospect as to try to explain how the modern world grew out of the religious—specifically Christian—world of the middle ages. Stephen Greenblatt does not back down from that challenge, however, and tells what he means by the word in the first few pages of his book. He likens it to a secular version of "miracle" and attributes its use to the principal subject of The Swerve: Titus Lucretius Carus, otherwise simply known as Lucretius. Lucretius wrote a highly influential poem entitled de rerum natura, or "On the Nature of Things" in which he proposed a completely materialistic universe, and calls the odd thing that does not seem to be a part of the natural order, a clinamen, an "unexpected, unpredictable movement of matter".
The small point is not unimportant. Greenblatt seeks to show that the entire structure of modern, secular thought is found in the work of this first century BC poet, whose poem shaped the thought of Vergil, Cicero, and probably a number of other ancient thinkers. de rerum natura posits a world that is completely atomistic. Drawing on the thought of Epicurus, Lucretius argues against the existence of God, proposes that most morality in the world stems from the fear of judgment in the afterlife (a concept he also finds anathema) and suggests that they should be built around the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain. Like so many other ancient works, de rerum natura is lost during the middle ages, and for a thousand years is only accessible through references and very brief quotations in other books.
But in AD 1417, the book surfaces again, due to the ingenious work of the real hero of Greenblatt's story, a papal monk known as Poggio Bracciolini. Greenblatt's telling of the story of the discovery of the manuscript, the way in which it probably was lost in the first place and the ensuing influence it had in western thought in the wake of the Renaissance and the Reformation makes up the substance of the book. It is a story masterfully told, and instructive of medieval church ways, ancient and renaissance book production, and especially of the rise of classical learning in the church, as the west moves out of the middle ages and into the modern period.
The history alone would be worth the reading, but Greenblatt's elucidation of Lucretius's poem and his linking of it to modern thought states as clearly as anyone where the west has gone intellectually, and what the driving intellectual ideas have been that have dominated our thinking since the enlightenment. The book won last year's National Book Award for non-fiction, and is a must read for anyone who wants to understand the intellectual climate at most modern universities in America.
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Dream, Dream, Dream...
Dream, Dream, Dream...
By: Irene Navarro
Is a million dollars enough to make you just up and quit your job? Vancouver's real estate prices would make me ponder this a little, but that's a whole different story. I've asked this question to friends, family and even the lady behind me at the lottery booth. The majority indicated that they would quit their job without hesitation and spend their winnings to take exotic trips around the world, buy a new home, purchase a luxury car, donate to charity, and when the dust settles, pursue their "dream job."
Some people are lucky enough to know at an early age what they want to be doing in the future. A few may even end up in the career they daydreamed about as a young child. Of course, nothing is ever handed to us on a silver platter. It takes talent, hard work, and a little bit of luck – and as Oprah puts it, "luck is preparation meeting opportunity."
For some of us, pursuing our dreams might be completely out of our comfort zone. We're happy to work in jobs we feel are our "best option" at the time. The problem with this is that we become complacent and our motivation and passion slowly start to dwindle.
Don't we owe it to ourselves to do something that is meaningful and that we love doing?
"Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. Stay hungry. Stay foolish." - Steve Jobs
Here are a few tips for finding something you'll love:
- Know thyself
Take some time to do a little soul searching and learn about yourself. What do you value? What matters most to you? What are your gifts? What do you do well that you don't remember learning? What is your calling?
- Write your dream job description
"My dream job is work where I get to use my gifts and talents of ____, ____ and ____ to excel at what I love to do, which is ____, ____ and ____.
I get to fulfill my life calling of ____ and work in inspiring places such as ____, ____, and ____.
Surrounded by the people I love to work with and for, ____, ____, and ____ … I solve the problems, issues or needs I love to work on, such as____, ____ and ____.
My workday is filled with amazing experiences, such as ____, ____, ____ and I get to use my favorite things, like ____, ____, ____ and ____.
I am finally able to afford the life I want, where I can be ____, ____, do ____, ____ and have ____, ____ and ____."
- Create a plan with SMART goals
Map out what you need to do or the steps you need to take in order to land your dream job. Remember to make them specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented and time-bound. Here are some questions to get you thinking:
- Is there a skills gap? Do I need to develop or learn new skills? What kind of training, if any, is required?
- Who is in my network? Who do I know that is currently working in my field of interest? Could I set up an informational interview with them?
- What does the job entail? Is there an opportunity to test the waters and do a job shadow or volunteer?
- What professional associations exist in this field or industry?
- Are there alternate career paths I can take to get there?
- Stay positive and don't give up!
Like any journey, you will experience some bumps along the road. You may feel frustrated and at some point, even tempted to give up pursuing your dreams because it may seem like it's just too hard. Keep a positive mindset and don't be discouraged. They are often more attainable than you would think.
So, what's your 2012 New Year's resolution?
Irene Navarro, Practicum Student – SFU Career Development Practitioner Program
Posted on December 06, 2011
Submitted by Anonymous on Tue, 2011-12-06 16:07 by Anonymous
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I just signed up for the special report. I hope I can be one of the 20 test students. I hear alot about people selling websites and making lots of money, but I don't know much about how to do it. Can I reserve a spot in the first class now? I don't have much money, so I don't think I can afford the second class.
How To Buy And Sell Websites Class
Before we purchased BloggingExperiment.com a couple weeks ago, we were in the planning stage for our next business idea. The next business we were going to tackle was supposed to be a training class to teach people how to buy and sell websites and make tons of money (like we've been doing for 5 years now).
The concept was to share every ounce of information in my brain regarding buying and selling websites. In other words, the exact same knowledge we used to sell over $700,000 worth of websites in the last 2 years.
As I was preparing my outline for the course, I was checking out some of the typical buying and selling related websites such as Sitepoint, Ebay, BuySellWebsite.com, etc. That's when I found out BloggingExperiment.com was for sale. We had NO INTENTION on buying a website that day, but it was an opportunity we couldn't pass up.
Now, a few weeks later, the dust has started to settle and the chaos of managing this new blog venture is much calmer now.
So, it's probably a good time to pick up where I left off a few weeks ago and continue planning the outline of the buying and selling websites training course (hopefully I don't find any more great website deals and get thrown off track again!)
Here's the basic outline for course that I've put together so far…
General Website Business Investing Overview:
- Why prior experience is not necessary.
- I'll explain the types of projects you should focus on for maximum profit potential.
- I'll share the price ranges of possible deals you can expect.
- We'll go over legal issues such as starting a company vs just doing it on your own.
- Who you should have on your team when it's time to sell.
- Explain the timeline of ownership & taxes.
- Should you use a broker to buy or sell websites?
- How risky is this business idea?
- Why should you sell a site when it is making good money?
- How to plan the sale of your site from day one.
- Get your mindset right, motivation, take action, and focus on the end prize.
- Why buying and selling websites is the best business to be in and will continue to be for many years
- Why there is no such thing as competition in this business and why there is an unlimited supply of customers/buyers.
- Other business opportunities that exist in this market buying & selling website market.
Buying Websites:
- Quick overview for what kinds of sites to look for and what to avoid.
- Why buying a website is such a good idea.
- Where to find websites for sale.
- Best types of sites to buy.
- How much to pay for a website.
- How to transfer the funds to the seller.
- Fraud checklist to make sure you don't get "taken".
- How to verify the facts & figures the seller provides (due diligence stage).
- How to write a purchase agreement to protect you.
- Should you use a lawyer and accountant?
- How to find rundown sites and buy them for pennies on dollar.
- Negotiating tips for getting the best deal (cheaper prices, payment terms, etc).
- See case studies of my most recent three website purchases.
Selling Websites:
- What types of sites do buyers want to buy?
- How to make websites 2-3 times more valuable to a buyer.
- Ways to fix up websites that you bought.
- Where to sell your websites.
- When to use a broker.
- How to collect money from buyers.
- How to transfer ownership to new owners.
- Get a copy of the purchase agreement written by my highly paid mergers and acquisitions attorney.
- How long it takes to sell a website.
- What kind of buyer should you be looking for?
- Should you consider owner financing/taking payments?
- How long to hold a site before selling it and why.
- Explain the various taxes associated with selling websites.
Building New Websites (Show The Process As outlined Below):
- Pick a niche topic first (choose 3 of your favorites)
- See how many ads in google for each niche
- See if there are any affiliate programs available
- Is there something you can create that's unique only available through you
- Are there other websites with traffic/mailing lists you can partner with
- Are there enough things to write about continuously.
- Do some quick keyword research
- Only pick something that is proven…new, never done before = failure
- Buy domain name
- Buy hosting
- Setup website on hosting account
- Make an outline of topics you are going to cover on your site
- Start creating a product and/or writing content
- Setup autoresponder if your niche would benefit from one.
- Start getting links to your site.
- Start buying PPC ads for cheap traffic in google (depending on your site topic)
- Have some decent graphics made to make your site look more professional
(easier to sell that way – my "dream team" can help with this).
- Should you build a network vs one site?
- How to build value for your website visitors & ultimately the buyer of your website.
The outline above is the "foundation" for what it takes to be successful in this business. Obviously as I get feedback from you and other members, I'll add additional training sessions to cover those topics as well.
This class will be strictly based on our real life experience of buying and selling websites, not some theory of what you "could do". The content of the class will be based on my specialized expertise (buying and selling websites in the $10,000 to $575,000 range). I'll probably also touch on a few smaller deals for those just starting out.
I'm not going to turn this blog into a "Buying and Selling Websites Sales Letter" for the next few weeks until the training class begins. This will likely be the only blog post about the class itself.
If you are interested in joining me for this class, you must signup to receive the Special Report at the top right of this page. By doing that, you will be put on a special mailing list specifically for buying and selling websites. That's where you'll find out more about the class, when it starts, etc.
If you've been reading this blog since I purchased it, you know I always over deliver with top quality content. This blog is a sample of my "free content", so you can imagine how valuable the content will be for a full blown training class that I develop.
I don't have all the details worked out yet as far as pricing goes, exact start dates for the class, etc. My plan is to have a "mini class" first (maybe 20 or so people) and see how it goes. I'll use this mini class to start getting feedback from these first 20 "guinea pig students" and make sure I have answered every one of their questions.
Once this first mini class is over, then I'll probably use that content and do a second class to a larger group of people, probably about 200 or so (or however many I think I can support without sacrificing quality).
I'd like to start the first mini test class either the last week in April or first week in May, so it's coming up quickly…
When the class is released to the larger group, the price will be much higher than my little test class, probably about double. So, if you are interested in buying and selling websites and the enormous opportunity there is in this business, make sure you sign up to get the Special report in the top right corner of this site.
If you can get into the first mini class, you'll not only have more one on one attention, but you'll also save a lot of money vs waiting to take the second class later.
I'm thinking the class will be about 3 weeks long. The lessons will be a combination of video recordings, audio lessons and written articles. The videos and audio recordings will be transcribed so you can read them if you don't like videos or MP3s. The original plan was to charge $400 for the 3 week class because I want everyone to be able to afford it, yet make it worth my time and be able to provide extreme value. So, based on this price range, the early "mini class" will be around $200 or so I'm thinking. And the mini class will only be offered to those who have signed up to the Special Report (ie – BloggingExperiment.com readers only).
I could just as easily create one of those $2,000 home study courses for this topic, but I'm not a big fan of those overpriced courses. I want to make sure anyone can take the class, not just the people who are ALREADY successful and have that much money to throw around. I guarantee it will be the most valuable training you'll ever find online, so even at $2,000 it would be a bargain. At $200 (90% off), it's a no brainer…
If you have any questions about the training class, feel free to leave a comment below (or email me if you have a private question).


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Wacom's Feel IT Technologies Sharpen the Edge of Samsung's Innovation in GALAXY Note
Oct 27, 2011, 02:00 ET
TOKYO and VANCOUVER, Wash., Oct. 27, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- Wacom is delighted to announce its partnership with Samsung's Mobile Communications Business in providing digital pen interface technology for their premium product GALAXY Note.
This is the first smart phone that brings Wacom's world leading digital pen technology to portable mobile devices giving users greater freedom, precision and creativity.
Users can now use both simple and direct touch navigation with precise and flexible pen input for a wide range of applications such as taking memos, sketching ideas, editing photos or personalizing communications including emails, tweets, blogs and posts.
"Our mission is to provide the best user interface experiences that are creative, natural, precise and intuitive to use. Our partnership with Samsung is an important step for us to introduce a new way of user interaction, enabling people to enjoy their own creativity," says Masahiko Yamada, President & CEO of Wacom Co., Ltd. "From now on, technology will feel different."
Wacom's feel IT technologies include high precision digital pens, multi-touch sensors, controllers and device drivers, which can all be integrated into a wide range of mobile systems to provide natural, intuitive user experiences.
About Wacom
Founded in 1983, Wacom's vision to bring people and technology closer together through natural interface technologies has made it the world's leading manufacturer of pen tablets, interactive pen displays and digital interface solutions. The advanced technology of Wacom's intuitive input devices has been used to create some of the most exciting digital art, films, special effects, fashions and designs around the world and provide business and home users with the ability to explore digital content creation in a comfortable, natural way.
For more information, please contact:
Douglas A. Little
Sr. Public Relations Manager
Wacom Technology Services Corp.
360-896-9833 x174
[email protected]
SOURCE Wacom


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What is ISO – PictureCorrect: "Have you ever been browsing through your cameras' menu and noticed something called ISO and just ignored it because you didn't know what it was for? Well, in this article we will explain what ISO is and how to use it to your benefit when taking pictures."
'via Blog this'


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The act of propelling a wheelchair is related to manual wheelchairs that can be self-propelled by the user, or they can be pushed by a companion or caregiver. To self-propel, the user must place their hands against the wheelchair hand rims.
This will be the component used on both sides of the chair to be able to push or pull the chair as the user sees fit. You can propel yourself going forward or backward to be able to avoid obstacles and uneven ground.
Practice Propelling Your Wheelchair
To learn to propel a wheelchair you must practice this skill as you would with any other skill that you want to get good at.
Practice makes perfect when you are trying to learn how to propel yourself without the assistance of another individual.
There are some type of hand rims that allow the user to propel themselves without harming their fingers or hands. Ergonomic hand rims allow the user to propel the chair while avoiding blisters or pressure sores to develop on their extremities with long-term use.
propelling wheelchair
Propulsion Of Manual Wheelchairs
In order for a wheelchair user to self-propel they must learn how to control the wheelchair so that they may do so the right way while they are outdoors when it is imperative to know your chair.
At first, most people that are new to wheelchairs have a hard time adjusting to propulsion of a chair. Over time, the user will develop upper arm strength and better balance that will help propel the chair easier.
Some users have trouble using hand rims on the rear wheels of their wheelchair. This depends on the condition that they currently suffer from. In the case that the patient cannot propel themselves, they will require a caregiver to push them indoors and outdoors.
Propel Indoors/ Outdoors
Propelling a wheelchair outdoors is different than propelling it indoors. There is a big chance that you will encounter uneven ground while traveling.
To avoid falling from the chair when going over bumps or obstacles, the user must make sure that they have the correct components to be able to reach higher ground and avoid obstacles.
You can register your warranty if you have already purchased a product from one of our distributors, this will help in keeping track of when you purchased the item, and we can also keep a record of it if the time comes that you need to use your warranty.
propelling wheelchair
Helpful Website Information Regarding Wheelchairs
Our Wheelchair Product Catalog can help you in finding the right propelling wheelchair, it provides information in a live catalog format, which lets you sift through pages and also includes a category index, in case that you are looking for a specific type of product.
Our S-Shape Seating page includes information about our patented S-Shape Seating System, which offers many advantages over the standard manual wheelchair seat. Not only is pressure distributed more evenly across the legs and rear, it also offers a more stable seating surface and prevents forward slippage.
If you have any questions regarding propelling wheelchair be sure to check out our Frequently Asked Questions page, which includes the most popular and consistently asked questions by our distributors and also consumers.
More Information
Our Standing Wheelchair Prototypes page gives you information regarding our Upcoming Standing Wheelchair models and also provides information on how we are changing the standing wheelchair market by providing affordable, and durable stand-up wheelchairs to our customers.
If you would like to watch our product videos about propelling wheelchair on your computer, you can visit our youtube channel – http://www.youtube.com/karmanhealthcare where you can find videos about all of our products including lightweight wheelchairs, ergonomic wheelchairs, standing wheelchairs, and many more.
People spend a great deal of time searching for propelling wheelchair what comes to mind is usually comfort, pricing, and daily needs. We provide a large variety of manual and electric wheelchairs, wheelchair accessories and replacement parts. We also provide other medical equipment that is used for other daily needs.
If you would like to receive more information and monthly updates regarding propelling wheelchair please subscribe to our newsletter, we do not hassle you frequently with our newsletters, we do it in a timely manner.
If you would like to contact us regarding inquiries, information, or any other questions regarding our products, we recommend using the Contact Us page that provides a mail form you can fill out to send to us directly.
The bottom of our website includes information about our category pages, it also includes information on internet browser support, returns policy, and warranty policy. You may as well check out our wheelchair resources page, which includes information, and .pdf documents about our large range of wheelchair models and medical equipment. If you are looking for news and articles about the industry and current news around the globe, check out our News and Articles Page.
Other Information
Propel Wheelchair Over Even Surfaces
To Propel or Not to Propel — The Mobility Project
Propel Wheelchair Over Even Surfaces
Please fill out the form below to receive information regarding your inquiry. You can give us a call at 1-800-80-KARMA, or please bare with us while we reply to your inquiry.


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Prior Authorization Medical Review Criteria
For all products, when prior authorization is required, Harvard Pilgrim uses written criteria based on sound clinical evidence to evaluate the medical appropriateness of health care services. These criteria are objective and based on current clinical and medical evidence, and applied with consideration of individual needs and characteristics (e.g., age, comorbidities, prior treatment and complications), and the availability of services within the local delivery system.
Harvard Pilgrim's prior authorization requirements for commercial (HMO, POS, PPO) products are different from the requirements for it's Stride (HMO) Medicare Advantage product. Please choose the appropriate product below to view Harvard Pilgrim's product-specific Medical Review Criteria.


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Despite these failures, figures from the quarterly Watchdog report reveal the Retail sector saw an overall drop in company failures with 61 fewer companies going into administration in the last three months compared to Q2 2018, a fall of 14.7%.
The number of employees working in the UK retail sector also showed signs of growth, with 352,898 people joining the sector's payroll, an increase of 13.8% on the previous quarter. Major food retailers Sainsbury's, Tesco and Morrisons all featured in the fastest growing companies list for the quarter, pushing Asda off the top spot it had held in Q2 of this year.
"The latest Watchdog snapshot for the retail sector comes right before the important autumn and winter shopping periods, which are vital for industry profits," said Chris Robertson, UK CEO at Creditsafe. "Black Friday and the Cyber Weekend in late November are key for lifting profits."
"We're seeing that while retailers have been hit hard by a combination of issues this year and some notable collapses, the spending power of the UK consumer remains, and the sector overall is pulling through."
The Watchdog report, which analyses financial data across 12* UK business sectors, found the Retail sector's bad debt had also fallen over the last three months. Significantly, bad debt owed to the sector fell by 96.1% from £53.6m to £2.1m, the lowest recorded for the year to date.
* Farming and Agriculture, Construction, Banking and Financial, Hospitality, IT, Manufacturing, Professional Services, Retail, Sports & Entertainment, Utilities, Transport and Wholesale.


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My Social Security check was deposited into my bank account. Before my check was deposited I wrote a check for an amount larger than what I had in my account, and the bank used some of the money from my Social Security check to pay the extra amount of the check that was not in my account plus the fee I was charged for making this mistake. May the bank do this?
Under current law, a bank may administer a consumer's deposit account by making additions to (credits) and subtractions from (debits) the account, and may charge fees for these services. This is true even when the money in the account is from a Social Security benefits check.