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Gerbil Genetics ~ Section 3
To understand the concept of how certain coat colours are passed on from generation to generation, and how some colours may skip a generation, it is worth understanding how traits are inherited, and by what laws these traits adhere to.
These are traits that are controlled by a single locus and will show a simple and predictable pattern of inheritance. A locus (Plural: loci) is a specific site or position on a chromosome that is occupied by a specific gene. In our case with gerbils, a mutation in a single coat colour gene can cause the colour to be inherited according to Mendel's laws.
These laws were derived by Gregor Mendel, a 19th century Austrian monk, when conducting his experiments with pea plants and their hybrids. In the years between 1856 and 1863 he grew and tested somewhere in the region of 28,000 plants. These experiments resulted in two basic generalisations which were later to become known as Mendel's laws of heredity, which were described in his essay on plant hybridization. Mendel's results were largely left neglected until much later when they were rediscovered around 1900, and were initially very controversial. In 1915 they were integrated with the chromosome theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan, an American geneticist and embryologist and they went on to become the core of classical genetics.
This is essentially in four parts and they are known as the laws of segregation.
1) Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characteristics.
This is the idea of alleles. Alleles are viable pieces of DNA coding that occupy a point on a given locus, and are usually the sequences that code for a gene. In diploid organisms such as mammals, they have two copies of each chromosome, and two alleles make up each individuals genotype. In our case with gerbils, it is the genes that control fur colour that we are interested in, and there may be several different versions, or alleles of these genes. The resulting colour of the fur of an individual gerbil will all depend on which two alleles it possesses for the gene and how the two alleles interact.
2) For each characteristic, an organism will inherit two alleles, one from each parent.
This means that when somatic cells (the cells of the body) are produced from these two alleles, that one allele will come from the mother, and the other from the father. These alleles can be the same, true breeding or homozygous, for example in gerbils, 'AA' will be homozygous, or these alleles can be mixed such as 'Aa' for hybrids or heterozygous individuals.
In genetics zygosity refers to the genetic condition of the zygote, and is referring to the similarity or dissimilarity of DNA between similar chromosomes at a specific allelic position or gene.
This means that the alleles at the same locus on a pair of similar chromosomes that are paired during meiosis are identical. It also refers to a genotype that consists of two identical alleles of a gene for a certain trait. So for example, in gerbils an individual could be either homozygous dominant 'AA' or homozygous recessive 'aa'.
Both 'AA' and 'aa' gerbils are true breeding and are known as homozygous. This means they only have one type of gene at that locus, so this gene is the only one that can be inherited by their offspring. To demonstrate this we can cross two homozygous 'AA' Golden agouti gerbils together. This simple breeding demo below will show us the outcome of such a cross.
In gerbil offspring we also know that each pup receives one copy of each gene from both its mother and father at random. Now if two black parents have offspring they only have the non-agouti or black mutation at the A locus to pass on, the offspring can only receive 'a' from both parents, so they can only be black. We can see this working in this simple breeding demonstration with two 'aa' agouti gerbils.
This means that the genotype consists of two different versions of the alleles of a gene for a particular trait. For example in gerbils, one of the copies of the gene may be the normal version, the other the mutation (Aa) Individuals who are heterozygous for a trait are referred to as heterozygotes.
'Aa' type gerbils are referred to as being heterozygous, which means they have two different types of genes at that particular locus, one being dominant or the normal version of the gene, the other is recessive and is the mutation. This type of genetic combination would occur if we mated two gerbils that had differing genes at the same locus.
To demonstrate this simply, if we use the two gerbil colours Golden Agouti and Black and breed them together, the offspring will receive one of their genes from each parent, so although the offspring may all look the same and be Golden Agouti, they will have different genes to their homozygous agouti parents. We can see this in the demo below.
This means that there is only a single copy of the gene in an otherwise diploid organism. For example, in gerbils we can see this in the sex chromosomes in a male. Since there is only one copy of either the X or Y chromosome in the germ cell, the term homozygous or heterozygous are inappropriate.
3) If the two alleles differ, then A) the allele that encodes the dominant trait is fully expressed, and B) the allele encoding for the recessive trait will be masked by the dominant trait and will have no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance.
This essentially means that only the dominant trait is seen in the phenotype of the animal. This effect then allows the recessive traits, or the recessive alleles, to be passed down to the offspring even if they are not expressed in the first generation (F1 or filial generation)
Each gerbil inherits a copy of each chromosome from its mother and a copy from its father. The parents therefore pass on one of each pair of these genes to their offspring (in our case the genes that create the characteristics of the coat colour). As we now know, at each locus there may also exist alternative genes, these alternative genes we also know are named alleles. The individual loci and genes that give gerbils their coat colours are denoted letters to indicate a certain characteristic. Dominant characteristics are given a capital letter and recessive characteristics are allocated a lower case letter.
We also now know that each gerbil has two copies of each gene. In the above cases the gene that controls agouti patterning is given the symbol 'A', and the recessive mutation that gives us black, or non-agouti is given 'a'.
A- Agouti
a- non-agouti (Black)
So our gerbil at the A locus can either be 'AA' (homozygous dominant), 'Aa' (heterozygous) or 'aa' (homozygous recessive). When it has either 'AA' or 'Aa' the gene still has the functioning protein to create the banding in the gerbils coat, but if the gerbil is aa the protein is non functional, so our gerbil will be black and will not have the agouti pattern. This demonstrates how simple dominance works.
Note that in the simple demonstrations shown we will only be dealing with four offspring. This is mainly to show that when dealing with simple inheritance of a single characteristic that the offspring will have a probability of inheriting the genes in the ratios that are given. However in true breeding terms, do not expect the colours to appear like this in every litter as this is also governed by the rules of probability, and like the flip of a coin, where you can never be sure of which side it that it lands on, this also holds true for each gerbil colour that is produced in a litter.
However it should be noted here that not every trait is simply dominant or recessive, and some gene traits exist in organisms which are either incompletely dominant or they can also be co-dominant.
4) The two alleles for each characteristic will segregate during gamete production
This means that each gamete will contain just one allele for each gene and this will allow the alleles from the mother and father to be combined in their offspring, and this ensures natural variation. It should be noted here that it is often thought that it is the gene itself that is dominant, recessive, and incompletely dominant or co-dominant, where in actual fact it is the trait or the gene product that the particular allele encodes that is either dominant or recessive, etc.
Before we venture any further it's probably time to introduce a tool that enables us to track and understand the gene interactions of these crosses that we are going to make. It is quite straightforward and easy to use, and is known as the Punnett square.
The Punnett square and the probability of inheritance
The Punnett square is a predictive tool that is still used today which helps determine the mathematical probability of offspring in crosses having a particular genotype. This concept was designed by Reginald Punnett, a British geneticist who helped introduce genetics to the public with his published work Mendelism in 1905. He also co-founded, along with William Bateson the Journal of genetics, the scientific journal of genetics and evolution in 1910.
The diagram helps determine the outcomes of crosses by graphically comparing all the possible combination of alleles from the mother with those of the father. To use this method, all you have to do is to create a table, where at the top you write the genotype of one parent, then down the side the genotype of the other parent. You then record for each of the parents, all the possible combinations of their genes that the animal or plant can pass on. So using our purebred cross for an example, a gerbil that is 'AA' can pass just 'A' to its offspring and a gerbil that is 'aa' can only pass on 'a' to its offspring, but both have two copies of the gene so it is noted down twice as it helps us define the ratios and probabilities.
As you can see by the example below, you have four boxes where you can fill in all the genetic combinations, and to complete the table you cross reference the relevant genes from both parents. So in our example in the top left hand box we will enter 'A' from the mother, and 'a' from the father which gives us the combination 'Aa'. We know that the dominant gene masks the effect of the recessive one, so this produces a golden agouti, and we can also include this information as well. We can carry on and fill in the next box in the top right hand corner and write 'Aa', which we again know is Golden Agouti, so can write this in too, etc. we then carry on cross referencing for the two lower boxes.
A monohybrid cross typically compares just one trait and is a type of cross between two individuals who are identically heterozygous at one particular locus, for example if we again stick to the Agouti locus in gerbils, it would be a cross that is Aa X Aa, and monohybrid inheritance, is the inheritance of a single characteristic, and the different types of the characteristic are controlled by the differing alleles of the same gene.
When we are examining diagrams that show us the relationships between the families over the generations, you may see them being labeled as P1, then F1, F2, etc. Quite simply, P1 means the parents, or the parent generation, and then each successive generation is labeled with the F prefix. F is shorthand for filial which literally means "having or assuming the relation of a child or offspring" When Mendel conducted his pea experiment he noticed the temporary loss of a variation, in the first generation (F1) of offspring when breeding two purebred varieties together. However in the following generation (F2) the variety appeared again in the 3:1 ratio. Two of the offspring would be heterozygous, one would be homozygous dominant, and the other would be homozygous recessive, this being the purebred variety that disappeared in the F1 generation. We can see the same effect happening when we examine a cross at the Agouti locus with gerbils.
In the case of our Agouti locus in gerbils we know that there are two alleles, one for agouti or 'A' which is dominant, and the other for non-agouti or black, which is 'a'. So for example if we crossed two pure breeding strains of this gene, 'AA' for golden agouti with 'aa' which is black, we know that 'A' is dominant to 'a', so this will mask the black characteristic, so all the offspring in the F1 generation will be Golden agouti, but they will also be heterozygous, that being 'Aa'. For such monohybrid crosses, the parent genotypes are homozygous, and their offspring, or the F1 generation will all be heterozygous. We saw this earlier in our first example using the Punnett square.
So what would happen if we mated two of our heterozygous golden agoutis together?
Again we can plot this out using the Punnett Square below;
As you can see we have a ratio of three golden agoutis to one black gerbil, or a 3:1 phenotypic ratio, but we also have a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio in our example above. The golden agoutis are a combination of both heterozygous and homozygous individuals. While it holds true that this type of cross will average out in a 3:1 ratio over time, we cannot expect the colours to appear like this in every litter, because as we mentioned earlier, the colours appearing are also governed by the rules of probability.
In general, monohybrid crosses are used to determine the F2 generation from a pair of homozygous grandparents, usually one being dominant, the other recessive. The pairing of these F1 offspring gives us the F2 generation, with a 75% chance for the dominant phenotype to appear and a 25% chance for the recessive phenotype to appear.


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Sources tell us that some sort of contest will be decided this Tuesday — and not the kind of contest that will be shown on the Food Network. Even if you plan to spend that evening watching the election results roll in/prepping for doomsday, there are plenty of culinary events throughout the rest of the week to keep you busy. Here are the ten tastiest:
Monday, November 7
Monday night at Frasca Food and Wine means a new dinner and wine pairing, presented this week by Eddie Gilbert of North Berkeley Import, who's bringing a selection of fine Burgundy wines. Frasca will pair these French imports with a menu made for the onset of fall. Dinner is $50 for a prix fixe four-course meal, with optional wine pairings ranging from $40 to $50; reserve a seat by calling 303-442-6966.
Tuesday, November 8
Can Salati Italian Street Food chef Shahin Afsharian Campuzano stand the heat of the Food Network kitchen? Find out at Salati's Chopped viewing party, where you can catch Campuzano's appearance on the show and find out if he made the cut (he's not telling). Salati will offer discounted drinks and appetizers from 6 to 9 p.m. along with its full menu, and for folks interested in that other competition; election coverage will be going on until close. Admission is free; call the restaurant at 303-307-1695 with questions.
Pizzeria Locale is gearing up to dominate the fast-casual pizza scene by introducing a pair of new menu items today: cheesy bread and Nutella pizza. Made for a light snack or side dish, cheesy bread takes Locale's quick-fired dough, loads it up with cheese and finishes it off with olive oil and salt. The Nutella pizza is the restaurant's newest dessert option, with hazelnut spread and powdered sugar to polish off an evening. You can add these to your pizza party starting tonight at Pizzeria Locale's two Denver locations: at 550 Broadway and 3484 West 32nd Avenue.
Adelita's Cocina y Cantina, which has won Best House Margarita three years running, is introducing a new house marg made with Arette tequila at a tasting party from 6 to 9 p.m. today in Palenque. Find more information here.
Wednesday, November 9
GQue Championship Barbecue invites you to celebrate a year of smokin' in Westminster. The barbecue joint will be giving away 250 pork sandwiches and tasty free samples like sausage bites, wings, kettle chips, cookies and more to folks dining in. The fun begins at 11 a.m. and doesn't stop 'til the sandwiches are gone. Find out more at gquebbq.com.
At Firenze a Tavola's next wine dinner, California, Argentina and Oregon's best will face off against fine Italian vintages, with a five-course tasting menu of hearty fall Italian dishes. Italian pinot blanco goes up against Californian chardonnay with an antipasto serving of stuffed seasonal vegetables, with four more matchups on tap. Call 303-561-0234 for your ringside seat at "Italy vs. the World," or visit the Firenze a Tavola website.
Keep reading for more culinary events this week.
Thursday, November 10
The Denver advertising community is priming its paddles for a charity ping-pong tournament at Ace Eat Serve, and you can get in on the action. Enter the Playing It Forward tournament as a two-player team for $40 or just watch the balls fly with a $10 spectator ticket; both include snacks and drinks from Ace. All ticket sales go to benefit the Samaritan House's homeless shelter and resource programs. Get your tickets or donate directly on Eventbrite.
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Friday, November 11
First Bite Boulder, Boulder County's restaurant week, runs tonight through November 19, with special prix fixe menus at more than fifty local restaurants, from iconic eateries to new favorites, from the Pearl Street Mall to Lyons. The three-course offerings run $29, with beverage pairings extra; see firstbiteboulder.com for participating restaurants and menus.
The annual Cheers for the Holidays fundraiser marries a tour through local wineries with a benefit for at-risk kids. Enjoy a variety of wines from Front Range wineries like Redstone Meadery and Black Art Cellars, as well as appetizers and desserts from local restaurants and beer from nearby breweries. The event also includes live musical entertainment and a silent auction. Veterans receive discounted tickets, and funds raised go to Ralston House, providing a safe place for children who have been abused. Tickets are $40, or $60 for the VIP treatment, get yours at the Arvada Festivals site.
For more Food & Drink events, go to our online calendar. If you know of an event that should be included in that calendar, send information to email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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The story of the Post-Conflict Research Center (PCRC) began in Sarajevo in the summer of 2010. While living on opposite sides of the world, global technology supplied us with our some of our most powerful tools. Equipped with two Mac computers and Skype, we spent countless hours developing plans to create an organization dedicated to building peace a reality.
In the beginning, we had minimal funding, no office and only a few part-time volunteers. Now, we have reached millions with our interventions and have received global recognition for our innovative approaches. Our journey has been both difficult and exciting and we are constantly faced with new challenges, roadblocks, and opportunities, but, in the end, we hope that our story can serve as an example that anything is possible if you follow your passion, believe in yourself, and work hard to achieve your dreams.
People always ask us, "How did the two of you come together?" and "What is the story behind PCRC?" Therefore, we decided to explain some of the reasons behind why we chose to do this work and how we ended up on this path together.
Velma's Side of the Story
Many people look back on the age of 16 and remember getting their driver's license, falling in love for the first time, and going to high school dances and parties. When I look back at my life at 16, however, I am consumed with memories of war. I remember the faces of refugees escaping from eastern Bosnia, horrific stories about the rape of girls and women, bloody massacres of civilians, the sound mortar shots and gunfire, and the lack of food, water and electricity. These years became an instrumental part in shaping the person I am today and the journey I decided to take to help those who suffered in this war alongside me.
I was especially inspired by Dr. Eric Markusen, a great scholar, educator, and most of all, friend. He believed in me when I didn't even believe in myself, and because of him I was able to gain the confidence and strength I needed to pursue my dreams. For many years after I met Dr. Markusen, I had dreamed of someday establishing an organization that dealt with issues of sustainable peace and reconciliation in BiH. I also dreamed of doing something that instilled hope and optimism among the youth in this country and preserved the memories of war while building a better tomorrow. Currently, my country doesn't instill the belief that you can do anything you put your mind and heart into, nor does it provide visible opportunities that members of the youth can pursue.
Another part of my life that impacted me greatly was listening to thousands of testimonies from victims and witnesses during my work as a journalist. I saw how they were living, without any support or help, and I wanted to give them a voice. Through my work with the Institute for War and Peace Reporting, I learned how to be fair, balanced and objective. I never wanted to limit myself to listening to just one side of the story. I wanted to understand the different perspectives and experiences of all sides. I believe that every individual tragedy deserves to be respected no matter which side it is coming from.
Leslie arrived from Denver, Colorado in the summer of 2010 to participate in a study abroad program, which I designed and organized. While coordinating the program, I began getting to know her. She was so responsible and sensitive and her compassion and empathy for this country's suffering moved me. She had an ability to connect with victims even though she didn't speak our language. She had so much energy, motivation and passion for making a difference in people's lives. On top of these qualities, she was able to analyze and approach the most difficult questions and topics with sensitivity and objectivity. The fact that she was willing to work with me voluntarily on so many different things proved to me that we can make this dream a reality.
After she returned to the US, we continued our adventure through Skype writing projects, grant proposals, and developing strategies and plans for our new organization, which we had yet to give a name to. We worked almost every day for a year while Leslie was finishing her graduate degree and I was working full-time as a journalist, researcher, and movie producer. I remember one time when we worked through Skype for almost 19 hours straight. I could call Leslie at any time of the day or night and she would answer. She was always there for me when I needed her. Why was it so important for me to meet Leslie? Because her optimistic approach to life and her 'Yes we can!' attitude is rare in this country and quite contagious. She believed in me 100 percent which gave me the push I needed to start creating the organization I had always dreamed of.
Leslie's Side of the Story
For as long as I can remember, I had a dream of venturing to Africa and, in 2007, I had the chance to travel to Nairobi, Kenya where I worked in the slums of Kibera and Matumba and was able to get involved in various development and peacebuilding projects. I was deeply touched by the people I encountered, especially the women and children I had the opportunity to work with. I was inspired by programs that aimed to provide children with the education and skills needed to lead them out of poverty and give them the chance to succeed in life outside the slums. I was also deeply affected and inspired by women who had been victims of war and poverty, many of whom had escaped to Kenya from Rwanda, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Somalia. These women had lost their husbands, children, and family members to unthinkable acts of violence and evil, but, in spite of experiencing such tragedy, trauma, and abuse, they were working to make new lives for themselves. It was in Kenya that people showed me the true resilience of the human condition and strength of the human soul. They gave me strength and helped me find my calling and passion. I knew then that I wanted to dedicate my life to those who were victims of circumstance and who, if given the opportunity, could rise above their circumstances and use it to do great things. When I returned home, I began focusing my efforts and education on helping those affected by war, genocide, and poverty. In following this path, I have acquired a great interest in countries where conflict transformation is needed and where reconciliation, post-conflict development, and peacebuilding processes are in progress. These interests eventually led me to BiH and to Velma.
When I met Velma in the summer of 2010, I immediately knew there was something special about her. There was something so powerful about her spirit, and I can only describe it as a bright light that draws in all those who surround her. She was so knowledgeable about the history of the region as well as the difficulties and challenges BiH was facing. She was working on so many meaningful projects, often for free, and I was able to see that her motivations were pure and her passion was driving her forward. She inspired me and I knew that she would change my life forever. We began to spend more and more time together, sometimes sitting for hours on end jotting down ideas and talking about the vision we had for peacebuilding and reconciliation in the region. We eventually got the chance to organize a conference that brought international and Bosnian students from throughout the country together to discuss the issues surrounding genocide and concentration camp detainment. Despite the fact that there was minimal financial and logistical support, the conference was a great success and Velma and I realized then that we were a great team. Even though we came from such different backgrounds and parts of the world, we shared a vision and a deep passion for our work which created an unbreakable bond between us.
When I left Sarajevo, Velma and I continued to work daily. I couldn't help but become completely committed to our seemingly crazy dreams and ideas for the future, and I made the decision to return to BiH permanently so that Velma and I could pursue our dream full-time. After a year of adjusting our lives to the 8-hour time difference between us and working solely through Skype and via e-mail, I finished my MA and set off to start my new life in Sarajevo. I knew it was a risk and that I would be giving up everything I was used to, but it has been the best decision of my life and we continue to grow stronger each day.
We would like to give a special thank you to our families. Without you, none of this would be possible.


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SCORE Miami Business & Leadership Awards
The SCORE Miami Business & Leadership Awards honor business excellence by recognizing businesses and organizations for their achievements and community contributions. This special fundraising luncheon brings together business leaders, entrepreneurs, organizations and regional chambers in the celebration of the SCORE MBL Award recipients.
As a resource partner of the Small Business Administration, SCORE receives partial funding from the SBA in order to carry out its mission. However, SCORE also depends on the contributions of local enterprises for the delivery of exceptional services to entrepreneurs and business owners in Miami Dade County. To this end, we have sponsorship opportunities that allow for the financial support of SCORE.
The SCORE MBL Awards provides an opportunity for sponsors to:
• Gain visibility in the community via online, social media and print
• Reach engaged professionals of SCORE's more than 8,300 opt-in subscribers who specifically elect to receive valuable communications from SCORE
• Support an event that directly benefits our local community and businesses
• Meet executives from various industries
How Your Sponsorship Investment Is Used
Your contribution will help support SCORE's effort to expand our community outreach through:
• The ability to provide more workshops and workshop locations across the county
• Recruiting volunteers of working and retired business professional
• Providing free mentoring and training
• Helping small business owners and entrepreneurs grow and create or save jobs across Miami Dade County


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3D printing is not the miracle we were promised
Mike Murphy for Quartz: 3D printing has been hailed as the future of manufacturing for years now. Consumers and investors were sold on the idea of being able to print anything at any time from a little box in their houses. But that Jetsons-like vision hasn't come to pass. The 3D printers available to consumers are great for making small prototypes or tchotchkes. But they're still slow, inaccurate and generally only print one material at a time. And that's not going to change any time soon.
That reality is setting in for 3D printer makers. Stratasys, which owns MakerBot and is one of the world's largest manufacturers of commercial and industrial 3D printers, announced its fifth straight quarter of losses today. 3D Systems, which was founded by the man who invented 3D printing—Chuck Hull—isn't faring much better.
Wall Street's interest in 3D printing seems to have peaked in the first week of 2014: The stock prices for both Stratasys and 3D Systems were at their highest on January 3 last year. Stratasys had completed the purchase of MakerBot—which has been called the "Apple" of 3D printing—about three months earlier, and it looked as if things were on the up. But a little over a year later, MakerBot laid off a fifth of its staff, closed its stores, and started focusing on selling to schools.
As it stands, it seems that the market is retracting to industrial printers, for companies that benefit from rapidly prototyping objects. 3D printing makes a lot of sense when companies can quickly model and print their ideas—anything from new bike helmets to car doors or sprockets. These are where (relatively) cheap, disposable plastic models thrive, as companies can churn out all the models they need, and then turn to more traditional automated processes, like CNC milling or vacuum forming, to build their final product at scale, using materials that will actually last. Cont'd...
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Can't stop won't stop! A.D. Carson decided to turn his dissertation into a hip-hop love letter by submitting a 34-track rap album entitled "Owning My Masters: The Rhetorics of Rhymes and Revolutions" to Clemson University. The dissertation was nationally acclaimed and has now earned him a dream job.
Continue Reading


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Bill Pulver, the father of 2011 hoax collar bomb victim Madeleine, has been announced as the chief executive of the Australian Rugby Union.
Pulver, an experienced Sydney businessman and self-declared lover of rugby, succeeds John O'Neill, who stepped down in October.
ARU chairman Michael Hawker, a former high school rugby team mate of Pulver, said the new appointee meets all the needs of the job.
"We wanted someone with proven commercial success at CEO level, with international business experience and a love of rugby," Hawker said.
"The board also set priorities around good communication skills and an understanding of the world of sports marketing and media.
"Bill has all those attributes."
Hawker highlighted Pulver's roles in sports marketing and media research, as well as his involvement in junior rugby.
The 53-year-old began his business career with global marketing research team AC Nielsen. He held management roles with the group in Japan and London before spending six years in New York as president of the listed internet media and research company Net Ratings Inc.
NetRatings was bought out by global information and measurement company Nielsen in 2007, for a reported $US820 million, and combined with BuzzMetrics to form Nielsen Online.
It is believed Pulver's share options in NetRatings made him a multi-millionaire.
Since 2010 he has been chief executive of Appen Butler Hill, a linguistic technology solutions company, where he will finish up at the end of January.
Pulver became a nationally recognisable figure when his daughter had a fake collar bomb placed around her neck in August 2011.
In November of last year, Paul Douglas Peters was sentenced to 13 years and six months for the bomb hoax.
When questioned about the impact of that incident at the ARU press conference Pulver did not directly refer to the 2011 drama but said it did not discourage him from returning to the public eye in this high-profile role.
"I'm 53 years of age and I've finally decided what I want to do," Pulver said.
"I feel this is a civic duty, my love of rugby is so deep."
"I'm convinced rugby has an extraordinary future in Australia and I'm looking forward to being part of the team to make it a reality."
Pulver added that his family had no reservations about him taking on a public role in the wake of the collar bomb drama.
"They are probably at home watching, licking their lips at what lies ahead. Rugby is a subject we will be happy to talk about."
Pulver played with Hawker at Sydney's Shore school and went on to play the game for the University of New South Wales.
He had been an administrator and coach at Mosman junior rugby club in Sydney and his son Angus was a member of last year's Australian Schoolboys team.
Throwing his support behind Deans
The new ARU chief said he will take a consultative approach in his role but already has some firm goals in place.
Pulver said he wants to lead the ARU in some urgency in pursuit of world rugby's number one title.
New Zealand currently has that title with Australia ranked number three in the world.
Pulver backs his former Shore school mate Hawker in support of keeping Robbie Deans in the head coach role in 2013.
"Robbie will be coaching the Wallabies right through 2013," Pulver declared.
"And then at that point we will consider the coaching positions to take us to the Rugby World Cup in 2015."
Pulver also talked about the need to enhance the entertainment appeal of rugby in the Australian market.
In that respect he wants to lift the profile of Rugby Sevens and also boost women's rugby.


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Boxing champion looks to 'bring belt back to Vallejo'
Kali Persall,
Managing Editor
March 8, 2017
At 8 p.m. last Thursday night, 28-year-old Ryan "Rhino" Bourland — Global Boxing Organization light heavyweight champion — was at the Pro-Faction Martial Arts and Fitness gym in Benicia training his last student of the night. The champion has been training for the past eight weeks in preparation for h...
Youth program cultivates successful environment
Michele Dennis,
June 22, 2016
The East Oakland Boxing Association is an after school and summer youth program that offers one-on-one tutoring, gardening, cooking, arts and crafts and martial arts training for kids aged 5 to 20. All activities are free. Banners with the words Integrity, Courage, Respect, Focus, Honor, Education and Dis...


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Skanor Lounge Table
Jägnefeldt + Wahlström for Skargaarden
An exclusive and generous range of furniture for outdoor, covered outdoor and indoor areas. Outdoor: Teak frames and foam-filled cushions, with covers made from outdoor fabrics from Sunbrella.
The Skanor Lounge table is available in two sizes.
Design Public is an authorized USA dealer for all Skargaarden products.
We come from Gävle which most of you haven't heard of. It's a small town...


text: On a mission to eradicate hunger, this TN NGO feeds hungry with extra food from weddings. Read more +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Chennai: Wasted food will now feed homeless in city Read more Journalism with a conscience Read more Now, Coimbatore has Tamil Nadu's first sidewalk fridge to feed poor Read more No Food Waste NGO wants to banish hunger from city. Read more Do not waste food. Read more Coimbatore gets Tamil Nadu's first food ATM. Read more 3 Coimbatore Boys Have a Plan to Tackle Hunger. It's so Good They Bagged a $1000 Grant for It. Read more Don't chuck that food! Read more Crowd funded Food and Beverage ATM launched in Coimbatore. Read more Residents, NGOs take to streets to feed the hungry on World Food Day Read more City youngsters on a mission to feed the hungry. Read more App to identify hunger spots. Read more Coimbatore wins the best corporation Skoch award. Read more Fun with some soul. Read more World Food Day: Coimbatore-based NGO holds Zero Hunger Hour. Read more Leftover food fills hungry tummies, thanks to these three youths. Read more 'Foodathon' organised to campaign for zero food waste. Read more The joy of festive giving. Read more 3 Coimbatore Guys Distribute Leftover Food To Feed The Hungry. How Awesome Is That? Read more


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Wash inside out with similar colours, Wash with colour care detergent, Do not bleach, Do not tumble dry, Medium iron, Iron on reverse, Do not iron motif, Do not dry clean.


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The Red Cross also set-up a canteen for first responders and displaced residents.
American Red Cross volunteers responded to the fire that occurred on Pahoa Valley Road in Pahoa early Monday morning that destroyed four apartment residences. Big Island Red Cross volunteers went to the scene to meet with the affected residents and provided assistance with immediate emergency needs. The Red Cross also set-up a canteen for first responders and displaced residents. Caseworkers will continue to follow up with the family to ensure their immediate needs are met, and to provide referrals to assist with their disaster recovery.
The Red Cross encourages all families to make a disaster plan to include an evacuation plan with two different routes of escape, a communications plan to help families reconnect after disaster and a disaster supplies kit that is readily available to aid in a quick evacuation. Information on developing a family plan is available to the public at www.redcross.org, or a brochure can be requested by calling 734-2101.
The Red Cross is not a government agency and depends on public contributions to help others. All Red Cross assistance to disaster victims is free. Your gift supports the lifesaving mission of the American Red Cross in your community, across the country and around the world. To send a contribution, mail your check to:
American Red Cross
Hawaii State Chapter
4155 Diamond Head Road
Honolulu, HI 96816
Make a secure online donation at www.redcross.org/hawaii or call: (808) 739-8109.


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June 09, 2004
Robert Sietsema of the Village Voice recently came out with his top 100 list of Italian restaurants in NYC. I was thrilled to see some of my faves in the top ten, namely 'ino, 'inoteca, Max, and Lupa, where I had the pleasure of dining for the first time this past Sunday night after our wine
club society meeting. And of course, my beloved neighborhood bar, Otto, held its own at number 11.


text: I love my Kreg Pocket Hole jig, but my favorite is the newest K5. If you enjoy DIY woodworking, a pocket hole jig is something that you should really consider. It makes it easy to make strong connections without needing a lot of specialty equipment. Also, the screws themselves act as a clamp, drawing the butt joints together. You don't get that benefit from biscuits or dowels.


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On the investment front, LTAT's policy is to have a diversified
investment portfolio with being made in sectors and industries with
strong growth potential to ensure stability of returns in whatever type
of economic environment and to provide steady growth in the long term.
In addition, LTAT has also appointed several external fund managers to
manage some of its fund.
As required by its Act, LTAT invests not less than 70% of its
fund in trustee investments and not more than 30% in non-trustee
LTAT also invests some of its surplus fund in money market activities to ensure maximum possible returns on the fund and sufficient liquidity for payment of long-term investment commitments and withdrawals.


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Flock To The Crown (FTTC) is an online publication which focuses on trends emerging from the Cultural, Digital, Fashion, Lifestyle and Social Media realms. The publication launched in June 2014, as a student newspaper by former M.A Journalism student, Susie Kellie. After completing her studies at Birkbeck, University of London.
Susie decided it was time to take the publication in a new direction.
She wanted to create a writing space that would not only have its own spin on current affairs but would also introduce undiscovered talent across London so that the publication would also unravel the many hidden gems that are currently going unnoticed in the capital.
All writers are invited to get involved; whether you are freelancing, or just starting out, get in touch and have your work published here
FTTC aims to build a great online community of savvy journalists and writers who enjoy sharing opinions and need a platform so that they can be heard.
flocktothecrown.com hopes you enjoy your experience here and remember whether it's …
Sports / LGBT / Business / Food / Health / Beauty / Politics / Beauty / Fashion / Visual Arts / Film / Theatre / TV / Celebrity / Music / Gaming / London life
… or anything that you find of interest, please feel free to get in touch!
Twitter: @flocktothecrown
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We want to encourage team building and creative ideas for all writers. Flock To The Crown is an e-magazine that aims to give students and those new to writing a writing voice. If you have any points or suggestions to raise that are not mentioned here, please forward them one to: firstname.lastname@example.com
If you want to view Flock to the Crown House Rules, please click HERE


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▪ HAT RIVER ISLAND (similar)
▪ BOOTS: ASOS (similar)
5 comments:
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Indian Railways Uses Vacuum Technology for Environmentally Friendly Prototype Carriage Toilet
Vacuum technology is working tirelessly behind the scenes in many different industries to improve safety, the quality of life and the environment. Rail travel is no exception. In trains, vacuum offers a safe and efficient way to shorten response times in the braking system. Inside a passenger train, vacuum is used in bathrooms in order to dispose of human waste. In India, this was not the case until very recently. Now the first vacuum toilets are being installed in passenger compartments. But India has taken the use of vacuum one step further: The new vacuum toilets are so-called "hybrid" systems, which combine the advantages of vacuum toilets with those of bio-toilets.
Indian Railways installed the first vacuum-biotoilet hybrid on one of its AC carriage types in late 2015 on the Dibrugarh Rajdhani Express, which connects India's capital New Delhi with the town of Dibrugarh over 2,400 km away.
According to Indian Railways, the hybrid design combines the advantages of the vacuum toilet with those of a conventional biotoilet. It claims to have developed the first toilet of its kind anywhere in the world.
The operating principle is very straightforward. A tank above the toilet delivers fresh water into a pressurizing tank, which exits under pressure through spray nozzles into the toilet bowl and is ejected into a biodigester tank. According to Indian Railways, its conventional biodigester toilets use 10-15 litres of water per flush. The vacuum-biotoilet hybrid uses about 500 ml per flush – one twentieth or less of the water required currently for a biotoilet. Once the sludge enters the biodester tank, anaerobic bacteria go to work on it, converting the waste into water and gas, which can be safely released onto the track.
The advantages are many. For one, the toilet design saves on water use, making this a highly environmentally friendly solution.
Secondly, conventional retention tanks need to be regularly emptied at the terminus. In countries such as India, where frequently the trains travel over long distances and have journey times of over 72 hours, the tank is often not able to cope with the waste produced by over 50 passengers in the carriage.
Thirdly, even if the retention tank can cope with the waste, this must be emptied at the terminus. This can overload the sewage system of some towns. A hybrid toilet dispenses with the need for ground handling facilities.
The hybrid toilet is still being put through its paces, but if trials are successful and the toilets are installed on other trains, the benefits to the environment and water use might prove to be very substantial.
Busch is a leading manufacturer of vacuum pumps and systems and provides solutions to OEMs and end customers for vacuum removal of wet waste from trains, passenger planes and ships.
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Studio No. 1318 - AUTUMN FIELDS AT RANCHITOS (New Mexico) New 60"x36" Work in Progress (Middle Tones) - using painting medium with oil color now. Middle Tones are the transitional colors that set up the light in the painting from the final opaque colors. Color Notes: Sky: Prussian Blue, Paynes Grey, Mars Black, Permalba White. Trees: Cadmium Yellow, Yellow Ochre, Chrome Oxide Green Opaque, Burnt Sienna. Fields: Combinations of Cadmium Yellow, Yellow Ochre, Chrome Oxide Green Opaque, Cadmium Orange, Burnt Sienna, Dioxazine Purple.
Thursday, July 19, 2018
Wednesday, July 18, 2018
AUTUMN FIELDS AT RANCHITOS - 60"x36" Original Oil Work in Progress (Underpainting)
Studio No. 1318 - AUTUMN FIELDS AT RANCHITOS (New Mexico) - 60"x36" Work in Progress (Underpainting) - Oils applied loosely with distilled turpentine and MG Underpainting White on gray toned ground. Color Notes: Clouds: Cobalt blue sketch. Mountains: Prussian Blue, Mars Black. Trees: Combination of Cadmium Yellow, Yellow Ochre, Naples Yellow. Fields: Yellows same as trees. Greener areas - Combinations of Chrome Oxide Green opaque, Yellow Ochre, Cadmium Orange, Olive Green. Stay tuned!
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The World Population Year 1974 stamp depicts the United Nations Emblem. The occasion of the World Population year was utilised in India for a greater involvement of all sections of the people in the National Programme of Family Planning.
set of 6 stamps vertically with upper right margin
Issue Year: 14-Aug-74
Condition: very good condition
Type/Series: Commemorative
Denomination: 25 paise
Color: Maroon & Buff


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There are many problems facing America today, and many threaten the lives of citizens. I believe that one of the most pressing issues is gun control. In many states, it is easy to obtain guns, easier than it is to obtain an abortion or kinder eggs. It seems like every time I look at my phone, another person has been shot and killed.
According to the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, every day 90 Americans are shot and killed, 8,813 every year. The National Observer reports seven times less firearm related homicide annually in Canada. These statistics make the argument that there is no way to prevent gun violence seem invalid. In countries like Canada where it is difficult to obtain firearms, gun violence takes fewer lives.
What do I recommend to keep guns under control? We could mimic the systems of other countries, Canada clearly has a better handle on the issue. The safest thing to do, though, is to get rid of almost every gun. Even police officers wrongly shoot people more often than most are comfortable with.
Guns are nothing but a danger and should be reserved for only when the most extreme protection is needed (war zones, etc.) Without guns in America, people won't have to go about their daily lives wondering if they will be the next victim of many to get their face on the news and their own twitter hashtag.
Tags: change Discrimination Gun control Gun Violence Guns Inequality Okemos High School


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|Review: Tangorodrim - Justus Ex Fide Vivit
|Justus Ex Fide Vivit
Label: Southern Lord
Year released: 2007
Duration: 28:54
Tracks: 6
Genre: Black Metal
Rating: 3.5/5
Review online: September 14, 2007
Reviewed by: Sargon the Terrible
for:Justus Ex Fide Vivit
Rated 2/5 (40%) (5 Votes)
Tangorodrim are from Israel, of all places, and this is their debut album. Ignoring the essential oddity of an Israeli Black Metal band, this is actually a pretty cool disc. Now this band is certainly not doing anything new, and in fact bands like this as why we have the term 'Darkclone', as their worship of mid-period Darkthrone is so evident you could see it from outer space. So this disc is largely a rehash of ideas Fenriz had fifteen years ago, but the guitar tone is a nasty, broken-glass bellow and the vocals are actually pretty good. So while Tangorodrim may be derivative, at least they are doing it right. At less than thirty minutes, I can't recommend this all that highly, but for ugly, nail-spitting orthodoxy this is a good bet.
|Other related information on the site
|Review: Justus Ex Fide Vivit (reviewed by Pagan Shadow)
|Click below for more reviews
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The Metal Crypt - Crushing Posers Since 1999
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As medical pot becomes increasingly mainstream the US and Canada make moves toward legalizing the substance, health experts are emphasizing the need for doctors and patients to consider the sometimes serious side effects linked to the various ways of consuming the drug.
Paul Farnan, an addictions specialist at the University of British Columbia, likened a recommendation to smoke medicinal marijuana to a doctor handing out a prescription to light up an opium pipe.
"We know there's something in opium that helps pain, and we're able to pharmaceutically develop morphine and other analgesics, but we wouldn't say to people, 'You have pain? Why don't you smoke opium?' " he said.
"We're kind of saying to people, 'We think there's some stuff that cannabinoids will be helpful for. Why don't you just smoke cannabis?' First of all, cannabis is actually a really dangerous thing for your lungs."
Mikhail Kogan, medical director of the Center for Integrative Medicine at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., said he sees no reason for people to smoke marijuana medically anymore.
It's difficult to absorb enough of the drug through the lungs, and gastric acids interfere when someone eats it, he said, adding that it's more effective to take the drug by other means, such as under the tongue.
"Rectally is actually a lot more preferred because of the volume of absorption. You can put a lot more and it gets absorbed a lot better, but not everybody is open to this way of administration," Kogan said.
"We have so many other products now, so many modes of delivery, that smoking in my opinion is very archaic and has very little clinical applicability," he added.
"Having said that, I think that probably the majority of people still smoke because it's the most available method."
Health Canada officially recommends against smoking marijuana.
"Many of the chemicals found in tobacco smoke are also found in cannabis smoke," reads its website.
The Canadian Medical Association has no formal position on the consumption of medicinal pot, but it officially opposes the inhalation of any burned plant material.
Marc Emery, who owns the Cannabis Culture brand with his wife Jodie, holds a handful of cannabis at the opening of one of their stores Thursday, December 15, 2016, in Montreal. Several other pot dispensaries are set to open in Montreal this week that will be selling marijuana to recreational users, despite federal rules that forbid such shops.
Association spokesman Jeff Blackmer added that many physicians are reluctant to prescribe medical marijuana because of the absence of peer-reviewed research into whether the drug is medically effective, its possible side effects, appropriate dosage and more.
A "strong majority" of doctors would prefer not to be involved as so-called gatekeepers, Blackmer added.
"Most of them hate it," he said.
"This is something that was imposed on us by the government and the majority of physicians do not want to have anything to do with it."
Debra Lynkowski, head of the Canadian Lung Association, urged patients and doctors to take lung health into consideration when discussing medicinal marijuana.
"When you burn something, that combustion releases toxins and carcinogens, and they're released regardless of what the source is," she said.
"Our primary concern with regard to that is just to be considering any kind of lung health implications."
Colette Rivet, head of the association that represents licensed cannabis producers in Canada, said that while the industry is against smoking medical marijuana, ultimately it can't restrict what patients do.
"We know that there's an issue with smoking. However, we can't control it at the patient level," Rivet said.
"We're trying to develop new product forms so they would be more inclined to go away from that."


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The Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility is inviting everyone interested in polymer analysis by MALDI-TOF to an open house event on Friday, February 5th, 9 AM to 5 PM.
Come down the facility to see our instrumentation and discuss your next mass spectrometry analysis over some light refreshments!
Contact James Miller at email@example.com for more details.


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What is a Stickelberry, Anyway?
After marrying my husband (he's "Stickel" + I'm "Berry") and starting a family, I left the corporate world where I had toiled for 12 years and decided to follow my dream of starting my own business. What to call it? Well I believe Fate put my husband and me together to love each other, have an amazing family and create this awesomely cute and perfect name. STICKELBERRY!
So about this blog – I get hit up for ideas, or people wanting to know what I've been making or doing, and most often it's "HOW do you do that?" or "Where did you get that idea from?" — so this blog is for you all who are interested enough to follow the crafty bits. I share my passions and current obsessions, and I have been known to throw out some awesome deals and coupons every now and then, too. Because who doesn't love a great deal?!
Over the years this blog has morphed into so many things, because it's chaos inside my head — I have way too many tabs open. But recently I realized that what this blog was missing was probably the most important thing — my Faith. So I'm starting to incorporate more of that in everything I do, too. If it inspires you, reaffirms what you already know, or even sparks your interest, then I've done my job. If you're not interested, just keep scrolling or move on.
You'll see my boys and my big blind dog.. I love all things food, coffee, wine, art, photography, beauty, style & fashion, nature, travel, reading (fantasy and sci-fi nerd I am), all kinds of geekery, and just about anything crafty.
So, Welcome! In addition to my posts, check out my shops at Spoonflower and Zazzle for fabric, gifts and other fun things designed by yours truly!
Hope you enjoy & God Bless!
— Dani


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the stockton centre saga: closing time for disability institutions
You've probably heard of the large-scale movement to close institutions during the 1970s-80s. When we talk about institutions, icy cold baths, electric shock therapy, straight jackets and lobotomies probably spring to mind. It's no wonder; institutions have quite an unsavoury history and it is commonly believed that institutions and the inhumane practices contained within are just that; history. However, decades later there remain more than 50 large institutions officially recorded in Australia, accommodating around 2500 people with disabilities. There are also many more who live in places like nursing homes and smaller facilities.
The conditions and practices within these facilities have generally improved dramatically. But in many ways institutions remain the same old service driven settings that they were in the mid 20th century. Violence within these settings persists as a major contemporary concern. Institutions fundamentally remain a place for people with disabilities 'to go' because supports and acceptance are sorely lacking in the general community.
At the moment, all eyes are on the notorious Stockton Centre in NSW, which accommodates around 400 people with disabilities. The Government is closing the centre and a number of others like it in NSW by 2018. The decision came with the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS); the biggest reform to the disability support system in a life time. As well as billions of extra dollars going into disability supports, the funding structure has been turned on its head. The Government becomes the facilitator of disability supports, while non-profits and private businesses expand their existing role as support providers. People with significant disabilities access individual funding packages to purchase the supports they choose from the providers they choose. No need for a place 'to go' anymore, because supports will be attached to people with disabilities wherever they live.
Should this come as welcome news? A great deal of controversy has emerged, with two sharply opposing sides of the public debate.
On one side we have Disabled People's Organisations and disability advocates celebrating the closure. President of People with Disabilities Australia, Craig Wallace, describes some of the flaws in institutional living: '[o]ne of the many issues with centres like Stockton is that housing supports were wrapped up in disability supports, so people were trapped in this model and can't escape. They have to stay in the old model to get any support.'
Members of the Community Disability Alliance Hunter wrote that it is a fundamental human right to live in the community. They explain 'institutional care does not meet contemporary standards… research indicates that when people with disability leave institutions and live in the community they experience improvements in health, social participation and well-being.'
On the other side we have a proportion of the families of Stockton Centre residents and the NSW Nurses and Midwives Association fiercely protesting the closure. They are not convinced that community based alternatives will meet contemporary standards any better than an institution. They refer to the extensive facilities at the Centre, including onsite nursing care, GPs, dentists, a gym, a swimming pool and sports oval. They worry that some people are "too disabled" to live in the community and that the accountability and quality assurances of non-government providers are inadequate.
So, if the Stockton Centre residents had choice, what would their decisions be? Where are their voices in all of this? I sifted through news article after news article and eventually found one small glimpse of an insider's opinion in the Newcastle Herald:
'David was adamant he wanted to move away from Stockton.'
'But [his mother] says experience tells her that a large, protected space like Stockton is the very best of addresses for her son. "Turn your back on him for five minutes and he will have got himself onto a bus somewhere, and talked the driver into taking him even without the money for the fare," she said.'
Just like that, David's views were dismissed, pushed back under the hoards of voices seen as more valuable, more legitimate. Here you go David, have some space to share your perspective. After all, the closure of the Stockton Centre affects you and your co-residents most.
The unfortunate truth is that people with disabilities, their support people, friends and families, and the community at large are taught that people with disabilities are not able or welcome to live in the general community, or indeed to enjoy the freedom of catching buses around town. The lack of media coverage of the views of Stockton Centre residents teaches us that their opinions about their very own lives aren't even welcome. We are taught that if people with disabilities do live in the community they are shunned, denied essential supports, live in poverty, and perhaps wind up in the criminal justice system; prison the place for them 'to go' in the absence of institutions.
The problem is not that some people with disabilities are 'too disabled'. The problem is the negative community attitudes and practices that keep people with disabilities in institutions and out on the fringes. The good news is we can change our attitudes and practices. Just as women shouldn't have to lock themselves at home to stay 'safe' from violence, people with disabilities shouldn't be locked away in institutions to keep 'safe' from an unfair society. Society should become a safe place for everyone.
Institutions are a place for people with disabilities 'to go' because there has been nowhere else with adequate supports available. In the 21st century we are well over due for a time when people with disabilities choose where they live on an equal basis with people without disabilities. The NDIS provides the framework to achieve this; we just need to see a change in our community attitudes to go with it. Unless a significant number of Stockton Centre residents expressly want the Centre to stay open so that they can remain living there, knowing fully the alternatives available to them, then it is very much closing time.
13 thoughts on "the stockton centre saga: closing time for disability institutions"
I don't want to express an opinion either way on this (I'm a local), but an issue I see with the clients (I say clients because that's what a lot of the staff refer to them as) is that many of them can't express an opinion. My mother nursed there for about 20 years and every week she'd come with stories of clients who lost their tempers and threw chairs, food, punches – in fact, a client broke her jaw in the early 90s. For every client she spoke fondly of, there were another two that were too volatile to take out into the community or couldn't be trusted to stay away from roads.
There are definitely some who would probably thrive out of the centre, but there are also some who can't be trusted by themselves, or are so severely disabled they need 24 hour care. If these people can be moved to places where that is available, that's great. If they can't, well…
It's strange that the word 'institution' is attached to Stockton Centre for it only houses those with a common attribute – a disability. The definition of the word 'community' is 'a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common'. I firmly believe that Stockton Centre is a COMMUNITY for those who call it home. It is not an institution.
Stockton Centre or Stockton Hospital and it once was known, could easily have been described as an institution when around 1200 people called it home in dormitory style accommodation under very different living standards. Through choice, many have left Stockton to live elsewhere. Now the same buildings have been modified and renovated to provide modern accommodation for about 350 people who have chosen to stay. Entirely new homes have also been built over the last 20 years. This has all taken place on land the size of a small suburb connected to suburbs to the north and south. The east and west are bounded by the Pacific Ocean and Hunter River.
There are no fences keeping people locked away, which is often implied by some; residents do not have to fear busy roads to cross and there is around 208 acres of grassed areas, gardens and sitting areas to wander and relax. Most buildings are not locked unless there is a risk to safety.
People also argue that those who reside at Stockton are 'put there and left there'. The implication is that residents do not venture out of their homes. The steady stream of buses and cars that leave the area each day taking residents to lunch, out shopping, to medical appointments, to meet with family, to concerts or to sit in a local park would dispel that theory in an instant.
There is also the suggestion that residents have no say in their day to day choices; that they have to eat the same or dress the same as those they live with. There is no truth to this claim. Every resident is treated as an individual involving complex planning with all stakeholders taking place regularly to ensure that all residents have their individual needs and wants met.
People who live at Stockton are free to move away at their will. The concern for many is that the appropriate support services will not be as readily available as they are at Stockton.
It has been said that under the plan, people can choose to stay at Stockton if they wish. Unfortunately, this will mean the complete demolition of the current community and having it replaced with group homes tucked in a corner of the current site. And only a handful are allowed to make that choice. That really is not a choice.
I feel especially for those who have lived at Stockton for most of their lives and are now there 80s and 90s. They enjoy watching cricket matches on the Owen Partridge Oval, or seeing Santa arrive by helicopter each year, or enjoying fairy floss at the annual fete. I imagine my own grandparents living in an environment where they want for nothing and have the best of care and then having it ripped out from beneath them.
The situation saddens me.
Beautifully articulated and indeed a far cry from an institution now.
Only differences from stockton centre and an over 55's complex is the immediate reach to medical care and 24hr personal care at their fingertips! !
Thankyou for enlightening the narrow minded people who have no idea of the quality care for these beautiful people who live at stockton centre
Jason, thank you for your beautiful addition to this story which perfectly explains everything I have heard from people I know who are associated with Stockton and everything I have witness myself when I've visited Stockton ever since I was a child. My cousins lived in Fullerton Rd and my Aunty (who has worked with people living in Stockton as a therapist) still does.
Wendy and David are friends of mine and, as I see it, the situation is just not as simple as described in the main story. I am uncomfortable with the implication the mother is not listening to her son and not acting in his best interests. Knowing people personally is far more informative than reading snippets about them in the newspaper.
The land is stunning and facilities are excellent and it's a short ferry ride over to the city to catch a movie or a show. I have a 21 year old son with severe intellectual disability and moderate physical disabilities. I'd love a cottage in Stockton, over near the 25 metre in ground pool, thanks very much.
Its far better than moving to a yet to be established suburb on the outskirts of town or on a busy traffic intersection or on previously polluted ex-industrial land or on land with inconvenient zoning limiting the development that can occur on the site or in another town altogether or wherever the government can get cheap land that no-one else wants!
I have some idea of the land ADHC goes for because they've offered several clearly unsafe, undesirable and unsuitable sites over the years for my son's home and now that they have bought a block of land, the Land and Environment Court, or someone, won't let them cut down the necessary trees to build the house. This process which began in 2010 is supposed to be complete November 2015 but we're not at all confident because they can't even draw up plans until the tree issue is decided!
Whoops, "speak of the devil" as I type this (after spending a glorious NYE and NYD with my son) I receive a text that my son has just smashed the glass front door of the 1940's house they have been forced to rent since 2010 – full of old fashioned plate glass. His hands, wrists and forearms look like those of a serial self-harming cutter! Maybe ADHC are hoping if they delay the new house long enough he'll sever a major artery and they will have one less person to accommodate. Better go see if I need to rush off to the emergency department.
Everyone (other than Jason who apparently understands the issues), just try to understand that people with severe and profound intellectual disability have very particular and unique needs and are not exactly the same as every other PWD!
As is usual in this line of argument, there are a number of issues that remain unaddressed. The first is the "no need to go anywhere" fiction. The overwhelming majority of People with a Disability are living not in their own homes, but in those of their parents. These parents are often in their 70s and 80s and getting older by the moment. This ideology releases government from any responsibility to provide housing for PWD and that is exactly what the NDIS plans to do – close its eyes to the urgent and desperate need for housing and keep the ageing carers caring.
The second issue is that PWD who live in the community often DO lack essential supports and often do live in poverty. In my community, I see many people who have been left to fend for themselves except for perhaps an hour a day of support after leaving a large residential.
Their lives are lonelier, less varied, less full and many of the things that were important to them no longer exist. This does not fit well with the world-view of many advocates who choose to believe that "inclusion" is a panacea for all ills. Perhaps this is why there are no checks in place to see that NGOs perform their jobs well and no mechanism for consequences if they don't. So PWD are at the mercy of what are sometimes negligent providers.
The third issue is the naive call for the residents of Stockton to voice their own opinion about their futures. Many of these people do not have the verbal skills to do such a thing, as the author must realize. Even those who could do so would be unable to imagine or comprehend a world so different from their own and therefore make an informed choice. This is why we must defer to the families who have no agenda but the best interests of the people they love. Perhaps the families resisting closure believe that it will take many generations for us to "change our attitudes and our practices" and in the meantime, the safety and well being of their family member outweighs philosophical correctness.
Contrary to the hype, what little research has been done on the outcomes of deinstitutionalisation of people with severe & profound intellectual disabilities is depressing. European studies clearly identify serious health issues & deficiencies in access to adequate health services. A Californian study revealed a 47% increase in risk-adjusted mortality. I find it difficult to understand how anyone could equate "better off" with an increased likelihood of illness & premature death.
Families are all to conscious of the complex needs of their relatives who live in the Hunter Residences; needs that are now being met, but cannot be met in understaffed & overworked group homes, GP & dental clinics, ambulance services & general hospitals.
If "choice" is important to you, how can you judge the informed choice of family members? The people they love cannot make informed choices. How dare anyone who has not had the experience families have dare tell them want they should want.
I am one of the `parent carers' of PWD `locked in' for over 4 decades caring for our PWD with low mod intellectual(not quite but nearly severe) & other disabilities & thus having no life, no holidays, etc.etc..ever really… constantly trying to get services (that refuse to come, or be found..i.e. nothing available or do not stay, etc.)
I am `gobsmacked' by the ignorance of the MANY, including advocates who are most likely self-interested in one way or another or otherwise so unworldly & idealistic they do not live on Terra Firma. WAKE UP!
Some well placed self-styled advocates supposedly leading the masses of carers with PWD, & those advocates with PWD of their own have seen the opportunity during the past few years of NDIS spinning(having positioned themselves in such places to acquire their need for support services for their PWD to reap what they can NOW, OR PREVIOUSLY in recent years, to ensure when the NDIS arrives they are ensured to have a BIG FAT PACKAGE that cannot be removed by the NDIS (we all received a letter to say no-one will get less with the NDIS than we already receive…pity those with little!)…but do not care for fate of the vast majority of we carers of decades & our loved PWD & those to come being left with CRUMBS!)
Golly after all these years most of us who struggle & being continually `slapped down' by government, society, agencies, & now our own kind (carer advocates) in their race to outfit themselves & thus leaving their fellows, their brethren, the majority, out in the cold…WITHOUT.
In my state, NSW, NO funds are being released at all for PWD SUPPORT SYSTEMS(except for those who already have pittances & have not lost them one way or another…this happens too,one losses support & it is not replaced, or replaced with less) or families – the vault is bare, only funds in current budget to be released are those for people (PWD) already in state care in institutions being devolved(i.e. NSW is only allocating funds for those they/the state is already responsible for…& guess what??? any residents of communities on BIG TRACTS OF LAND, like Stockton are being emptied for the gain to be got from valuable real-estate!!!)
And funds of a very small amount 6m for employment support….i.e. support for those able to work to get them off the DSP. Yes, 6 m being spent to try to lessen the cost to the state…fair enough if the person is capable. Mine is not capable of regular work.
Yes, this is the wonderful state of NSW where the budget just announced has done a disability `smoke & mirrors'. i.e. CALLOUS & DECEITFUL..but many people not in the system think the budget is fair to PWD. Oh, you have been conned..not we carers we can read between the lines by now. Big laugh now everyone…..only it is TRAGIC! Tragic for those of us waiting decades for a fair go for ourselves having run yards daily on the continual merry go round of care, & who love our PWD & want & need to protect them in this UNSAFE world.
Hey guys have you seen what services are available for the Stockton community residents???? All medical, ancillary, recreation, etc. etc. Gosh if I had a PWD with severe & worse problems I would thank my lucky stars if I had access for my PWD in such sheltered & beautiful surrounds bordering the sea! Such property is rare….hence the need to empty & recoup the dollars. Hey guys hold onto your Stockton Community…you have it made.
Such service availability for the PWD like those with long suffering parent carers are non-existent who for love & in the wave of new thought decades ago…brought their afflicted babes home & put themselves in states of perpetual caring(slavery) believing & hoping that they `were up to the challenge' & hoping the world would be kind.
The world is NOT…kind. Any support one acquires one has to fight `tooth & nail' for & work on one's PWD from birth to enable them to perform at (hopefully) their peak & to prevent the mental health breakdowns that often attend disability, …WHY because these people/PWD…HELLO…ANYONE THERE with a modicum of brains!!!! are intellectually disabled & not up to coping in this WONDERFUL WORLD, that some former commentators describe. I must live on another planet by their descriptions. Then their are the health issues, usually many…the nursing, we carers are unqualified but highly effective nurses..UNPAID of course.
Man Up to reality I say, this world is deeply flawed & one needs every iota of one's wits to survive in this pressure cooker of human frailty & vices & even then people fall foul of the world's evils….& you are telling a Stockton Mum what she needs to do …i.e. expose her PWD to the risk of the public transport system. What a joke…a sick one. You people are just unreal.
As for community..out there in the `normal' world ..what community accepts people with disabilities, particularly those with intellectual disabilities?? Hey if there are any of you of this fabled community/persuasion `out there' please make yourselves available (voluntarily…now that's the rub!) to support those in the community like us who desperately need support before they die of frustration, overwrought, etc…Please send a list through on this website provide your names, addresses, contact phone numbers, leave an offering for people like us – my partner & I would dearly appreciate being matched up with this rare breed of (trustworthy) humanity, not previously encountered in decades. And wait for the rush…
The human being of this century remains the human being of last century & of those before & do not like or cannot cope being around intellectual disability or mental illness, etc.etc. The more severe the disability, the more the `community' turns, runs or attacks…yes, attacks that is a form of defense you do realise. And people (normal that is)who feel the need to be protected from being around those who do not match their perception of normal…attack & sometimes fiercely, or we live & learn. It is crushing.
Oh yes in a FAIR & SAFE world it may be nice to permit one's PWD to travel around at their will but not in the REAL WORLD. How dare you criticise the Mum of the PWD at Stockton for protecting her PWD who quite frankly, like mine, would not be able to make a decision based on reality & with a view to their safety… How dare you criticise a parent for wanting their PWD safe, I would want no less for my `normal' offspring who too must cope in this imperfect & often dangerous world, but at least they have their full QUID…i.e. Have a decent IQ…unlike those with intellectual difficulty like one of my offspring.
I am made so very angry by such trite comments totally lacking in wisdom or reality or decency…you people who are so ignorant should learn to hold your tongues.
You advocates who only are interested in serving yourselves, one way or another, ditto, hold your tongues.
Every body should be made to work with the intellectually disabled whilst they are at school so they gain some proper understanding of the challenges(read HARDSHIPS) and the drudgery involved…there are a few good people or of good nature, they these few oasis…which are generally the ones which stop us parents in extreme distress from doing the unthinkable…the remainder of humans are all self interested at best, selfish, self-indulgent or at worst predatory…in one way or another.
The truth is the NDIS is designed to cut costs…I can't see any way otherwise & I am desperate that any future will bring the care & support, we parents caring for our PWD need & have waited for & been recently tantalised with…& which our PWD need to release us from our entrapment, even for a while, & to support our PWD as we are so tired of so doing now, decades later. In fact our support systems have decreased lately rather than increased! How's that for you vapid commentators?
There is no medical support unless the GP bulk bills, ditto the specialists…not all specialists are so inclined!!! A parent still needs to take & bring home their PWD from the GP(over a life time there are many of these visits required & need to be organised etc…all admin we do), Specialist, Dentist, physio, speech therapist, podiatrist,optometrist, ditto most of these services cost heaps…etc..etc. There is only one service use permitted under a GP plan for a medicare service for these ancillaries – all others need paying from one's PWD's DSP, or parents who can `shell out'. Yes, the DSP Mr Abbott intends to decrease is expected to cover all & sundry, it does not.
Got any idea how much the hourly rate of care is through a NGO NFP? Between $35-$40 & that is the day rate, not the evening, night or weekend rate! Rises exponentially for weekends & holidays. Poor old DSP does not cover such extravagances & there are no packages I know of that cover anything but a few `one on one' hours (if one is lucky enough & persistent enough to get one for their PWD) & certainly not for nights or weekends, or holidays…no, indeed siree.
Packages are as rare as hens teeth & as small for PWD living with their parent carers.
One (carer) needs to be genuinely ill(with medical certification to prove) & at the end of their tether to obtain a pittance in the way of services. Those in group homes are left to the discretion of the NGO NFP(or via parent still alive and able) to secure via department some sparse hours & then needs to be trustworthy enough to actually deliver the services & not pocket the funds. I know of PWD like mine(but thankfully not mine, still in my care), in the system, loitering, drinking, smoking, ending in hospital & sleeping on the streets, …yes, PWD in a NFP NGO group home presently but fallen though the cracks & still loitering, drinking etc……parents dead…yes, at the mercy of the winds.
I could `go on' but I think you may have the picture now!
GROW UP all you vapid commentators who think `out in the community' is EDEN…Eden was lost long ago. The only EDEN in the community is in the family home where the parents, usually the mother is trapped day after day, year after year, decade after decade until death releases us.
The NDIS, we were `told', was meant to release us from this life, to provide transport, services, etc. etc…being the cynic I am, I believed it a CON…& I have been found correct. However, I will be very happy indeed to be proved wrong & to find that the NDIS will indeed be a gold class service of support whilst we live & after for the safety & care of our PWD…
Dear Sanity,
I really appreciated your comment, even though it made me sadder & angrier. Because I know of the many families giving their all to care for intellectually disabled children, without any support, I was surprised when the people, who are well cared for at Stockton, Kanangra & Tomaree, were included in the NDIS trial. I was enraged when the NDIS was used as an excuse to privatise & abandon them to NGO's. How can this govvernment provide even more money to evict them from their homes, when they know damned well how much unmet need there is in the community – needs that are devastating families who care? For a fraction of the cost, existing Centres could be opened to give exhausted families a break; not misused so there's no chance of limited funds benefiting people who desperately need them.
Like you, I'm sickened by the holier than thou attitude of people, who have no idea what it's like caring every day for someone with an intellectual disability,telling the real experts how to live. The pity of it is, they'll learn when the funds run dry.
I wish I had some more positive suggestions for you than to keep fighting. You're living a valuable life most people don't begin to understand, & deserve much better
Regards, Lorraine
I do not have a relative in one of the large residentials about to be closed by an unfeeling and uncaring Government, but I have been a volunteer at Stockton Centre for 15 years, and I know that the services provided there will never be duplicated in the community. The clients with profound disabilities owe their lives to prompt and skilled medical attention which is provided on the spot thus reducing many hospital admissions. How will that prompt expert care be available in Group Homes, or through our hospital system which is already struggling?
Telling a client that he is able to live in the community, does not mean that the Client understands the implications of what that involves, or can make an informed decision about the best place for him to live. In reality the restrictions on that client would be far greater in the community to keep him safe than they are presently. There is far greater freedom at Stockton Centre than there could ever be given him in the community.
How arrogant for anyone to assume they know better than the parents of a person with a disability. The parents should have the right to insist that their loved ones are safe and protected in whatever environment they feel is best for them. After all they are the ones with years of experience with that person. How sad that right is being ignored.
Bravo! Well said, but also true for those PWD(intellectually) now being `sheltered' by parents, who struggle & are in grief & shock at present political `solutions'.
Your comment is equally true for those with moderate & severe (even top end of severe) people with intellectual disability & probably also for those with mild intellectual disability. Every PWD has the right to be cared for to cover their basic needs for nutrition, housing, safe & reliable transport, health care…all these needs to keep body & soul together are not being met in the `community'…but by parent carers & those already in sheltered communities like Stockton.
Our people do not need these communities like Stockton devolved they require them expanded, individuals grouped by their status. i.e. you would not put those with challenging behaviours with those who function highly(jargon for no behavioral problems…often due to intensive & timely parental care) Nothing of the like is being developed NOR
What the public does not know but those in ADHC & government do know but probably don't quite understand is that intellectual disability denies the individual the ability to rationally comprehend reality nor have the ability to `chart' the safe progress of their lives.
I wonder how many of the parents lobbying fiercely for Stockton to remain open will have their nice lives disrupted if their kids come home?
Further thoughts:
What would you do Janet if you or a family member were struck down with a permanent manifest disability, especially with intellectual disability who are unable to chart their life needs themselves?
Would you for your entire lifetime be able to cope day & night from birth without substantial support without unravelling in one way or another or in multiple ways?
Is it also ok to you Janet for all other members of society to have a NICE life excluding those who are unfortunate to birth a person with significant life disrupting disabilities or acquire these disabilities through adverse circumstances not of their making?
If this is the case, i.e. that you believe parent carers of the manifestly disabled should not have support to have some sort of existence some times &/or relief (after decades when they themselves are aging & with their own health & physical limitations) like those in the wider community enjoy all their lives up until their aging makes life difficult or almost impossible, then I & many others would consider you a sad person lacking in empathy in the extreme.
Also for some people their offspring's disabilities are so profound they simply cannot cope, or perhaps some individuals cannot cope at all with a manifestly intellectually disabled baby & fall apart psychically even if the person is likely to be moderately or severely intellectually disabled. What then do you expect?
As I see it, if a parent is unable to care there must be an alternative & a suitable one at that. This type of support is that provided in a caring & advanced society.
It is not that we don't love our person with intellectual disability, in fact we love & care for them fiercely, but the fact is we are human, not goddesses or gods & we all have our own unique limitations.
After over 4 decades of care for my person with manifest intellectual disability I feel I have earned much support for my person. I am worn out in every sense of the word, my person is not profoundly disabled nor with difficult behaviours, but is a child mentally….very wearying.
He cannot having an adult body socialise with children who are his mental equals…..it does not work this way, Janet.
But I do not feel any bitterness for those who, for whatever reason, relinquished their baby, tot, child, teen into state care, for as far as I am concerned anyone should not judge until you walk in the person's shoes for years.
BTW….you can go and have your NICE life now
Janet if you didn't birth or care for a person with a relatively severe disability (described as manifest)you haven't a clue, not a clue, you are clueless.
Anyone who bears a person with manifest disability never passes a day without concern, worry, fear, anguish, grief, mental if not physical exhaustion the later particularly if they care from birth for their person at home. There comes a time when we must relinquish our person to the care of others. There must be a variety of options to suit the multi-varieties of manifest disability.
We expect nothing less than appropriate & dedicated care.
Or do you suggest the street?
I doubt anyone supporting Stockton with, or without their own people resident there have what you say…`a life without disruptions' but most likely all are past middle age & in elder years.
So what and how do you propose they cope with people with manifest disabilities (some profoundly & some with troubling behaviour problems)at a time when they are facing their own declining health with age?
Do you know that Beecroft (Sydney suburb) street refused to accept a group home to be located in their vicinity?
The stigma never leaves us..
So what do you propose?


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30 January 2013
The funding, from the Department of Energy, will support research projects aiming to boost the productivity of algae cultivation systems and develop and demonstrate effective, energy-efficient, and low-cost algae harvest and processing technologies, such as centrifugation and extraction.
The grant hopes to fund projects which will maximise yield from algae and improve production of biofuel intermediates—the product of algae cultivation and pre-processing. According to the Department of Energy, increasing the yields of biofuel intermediates will help lower the cost of biofuels by decreasing capital and operating costs, while enhancing the sustainability of algal biofuels by capturing energy from every available part of the feedstock and reducing water resource requirements.
"At a large-scale, these technologies could help speed up commercialisation of domestically-produced, cost-competitive biofuels from algae," the Department of Energy said in a statement. "The Department encourages applicants from industry, universities, and national laboratories."
A cost share of at least 20% of the total project cost is required.
Biofuels from Algae is picking up more attention globally. The Research Institute of Tsukuba Bio-tech recently received funding from the Japanese government for its ambitious algae biofuels programme. And according to energy research firm SBI, algae biofuels will post a compound annual growth rate of 43.1% that will lead the market to $1.6 billion in 2015.
How viable are biofuels? See our three-part study here.
This article is featured in:


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A new master's degree that will be offered by 12 universities across Africa aims to develop the continent's next generation of public policy leaders.
The master's in research and public policy will give aspiring and practising development professionals an understanding of the common challenges confronting countries across the continent, such as education, poverty and HIV/Aids, while training them in global social policy concepts.
The qualification, which was set to be officially launched on 12 August in Nairobi, Kenya, has been developed by the Partnership for African Social and Governance Research and the partner institutions.
Tade Aina, executive director of the partnership, said: "We are developing the next generation of public policy leaders in Africa."
Already, 150 students have enrolled on the two-year, full-time course, which includes a placement in a policy or research institution.
The 12 partner universities have agreed to deliver the course using a common curriculum, with the hope that graduates will be prepared for careers in government, civil society organisations and development agencies.
The founder institutions include the University of Lagos, the University of Jos and the University of Ibadan, all in Nigeria. The course will also be offered by Maseno University and Egerton University (both in Kenya); the University of Dar es Salaam and Mzumbe University (both in Tanzania); and Uganda Christian University and Uganda Martyrs University (both in Uganda). Other providers include the universities of Ghana, Sierra Leone and Botswana.


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Price: $10.00 AUD
Quantity: 1 available
Book Condition: Fair
Heavy wear to boards. Bumping, chipping and tears to top of spine. Minor marks to pastedowns and endpapers. Internally clean. Binding sound. 64pp
Title: Present Day Art in Australia
Categories: Australian & New Zealand Art,
Edition: First Edition
Publisher: Sydney, Ure Smith: 1949
Binding: Pictorial Hardcover
Book Condition: Fair
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Item: 1.00 Item
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Over the coming weeks I'm delving into a series on honoring the men we know as fathers. It could be your husband, your dad, your brother, or some other man who acts as a father in the lives of the people you love. And I'm not covering the topic alone. Mandi, JessieLeigh, Amy, and Tara are all chiming in on the topic as well.
This week we talked about Father's Day Gifts that show love and respect. And since the way to a man's heart is through his stomach, I, of course, tackled the edible portion of our gift giving. Read my suggestions for fun, foodie Father's Day gifts over on Good Cheap Eats.
And don't forget to read what beautiful gifts the other ladies have suggested. They won't cost you a penny, but they'll bless the fathers in your life.
Be sure to hop around and be inspired: