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Churches & Synagogues
SUNDAY WORSHIP SERVICES: 9:20AM and 11:30AM, in the Miracle Center Sanctuary. Childcare is provided
Our church is nestled on a beautiful 26 acre campus on the westside of Fullerton, Orange County. We have services in English and Korean.
Our three main buildings:
// Miracle Center (MC) - location of services for the EM Adult, college, high & junior high school, and upper elementary
// Vision Center (VC) - location of services for the Korean ministry (KM), Grace World Prayer Center (GWPC), lower elementary, kindergarten, pre-k and nursery
// World Mission Center (WMC) - location of church offices

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"I give the fight up: let there be and end,
A privacy and obscure nook for me."
– Robert Browning
This three-room converted horse barn is just steps away from the main house. It offers privacy and comfort to both couples and families. The first floor has a fully-equipped kitchen and living room complete with a gas-log fireplace. The living room includes a comfortable queen size sofa-bed and a love seat that converts to a single bed. There is also satellite TV with a DVD player. The second floor features a queen size brass bed in the bedroom and a whirlpool tub with a hand-held shower in the bath. Adult guests are invited to the Main House for breakfast each morning. For families with children, breakfast is delivered to the Carriage House kitchen. Outside the kitchen, the private patio and garden has a gas grill and Adirondack chairs in which to relax and watch morning sunrise and the beautiful views of the neighboring farms. It is truly a home-away-from-home.
The Carriage House may also be reserved as a vacation rental without breakfast service at a reduced rate. Please call the Innkeepers directly to take advantage of this option before reserving.
There is a two-night minimum stay at all times in the Carriage House.
Please note that the sloped ceiling on the second floor may not be comfortable for very tall guests.


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Please note:
1. Additional charges may be required to be paid if the complimentary site assessment identifies that the installation is not a standard installation. These additional charges must be paid prior to the installation being executed.
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The Government Accountability Project and the American University Washington College of Law are hosting a national conference in Washington, DC on June 23: The Emerging Era in Whistleblower Rights and the Public's Right to Know. This exciting legal conference will focus on the current state of federal whistleblower rights and pending legislation. See Details for the conference agenda.
The Emerging Era in Whistleblower Rights and the Public's Right to Know
June 23, 2008
American University Washington College of Law
4801 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Room 603, Washington, DC 20016
Emerging from eight years of unprecedented assertions of executive power and government secrecy, and a judicial rollback of citizens' free speech rights, Congress has a real opportunity to enact historic openness reforms. This conference explores new and pending laws that empower employees to blow the whistle and make our institutions more open and accountable. Panel 1 addresses what went wrong with the old whistleblower laws, how public employees' First Amendment rights have been constrained, and how recently enacted reforms will help remedy these shortcomings. Panel 2 considers strategies for effecting national security disclosures and legislative reforms to protect national security whistleblowers. The final panel focuses on how the whistleblower bills that are pending or awaiting reconciliation promise to advance an openness agenda.
9:30 a.m. Registration and Continental Breakfast
10:00 a.m. Welcome Remarks by Mark Cohen, GAP Executive Director Project
10:30 a.m. Panel 1: Restoring Openness and Accountability to Government and Corporations
Moderator: Professor David Vladeck, Georgetown University Law Center
Panelists: Tom Devine, Legal Director, Government Accountability Project; David Marshall, Partner, Katz, Marshall & Banks, LLP; Sean Moulton, Director of Federal Information Policy, OMB Watch; Bonnie Robin-Vergeer, Attorney, Public Citizen Litigation Group; Jason Zuckerman, Principal, The Employment Law Group, PC, Washington, DC.
12:30 p.m. Luncheon (on site)
1:05 p.m. Introduction by Mark Niles, Associate Dean for Faculty and Academic Affairs, American University Washington College of Law
1:10 p.m. Introduction of Luncheon Guest Speaker by Jesselyn Radack, GAP Homeland Security Director
1:15 p.m. Luncheon Guest Speaker:
Babak Pasdar, computer security specialist whose whistleblowing is credited with turning the tide in the House of Representatives against granting immunity to telecommunications companies that enabled secret government surveillance of Americans.
2:00 p.m. Panel 2: The Special Case of National Security
Moderator: Conrad Martin, Executive Director, Fund for Constitutional Government
Panelists: Ann Beeson, Director of U.S. Policy, Open Society Institute; Danielle Brian, Executive Director, Project on Government Oversight; Louis Fisher, Specialist in Constitutional Law, Library of Congress; Mike German, Policy Counsel for National Security, American Civil Liberties Union; Thad Guyer, The Law Firm of Guyer & Ayers, PC; Stephen Kohn, Executive Director, National Whistleblower Center.
3:30 p.m. Break
3:45 p.m. Panel 3: The Next Steps Toward Achieving a Comprehensive Openness Agenda
Moderator: Tom Devine, Legal Director, Government Accountability Project
Panelists: Michelle Ash, Chief Legislative Counsel to Congressman Henry Waxman; Lynn Dondis, Senior Policy Advisor, House Committee on Education and Labor; Joanne Royce, Investigative Counsel, House Committee on Energy and Commerce; Peg Seminario, Director of Safety and Health, AFL-CIO; Jeb White, President, Taxpayers Against Fraud.
A complimentary reception will follow the all-day event.
General registration required – NO CHARGE
Register on the GAP Web site
Government Accountability Project
National Office
1612 K Street, NW Suite #1100
Washington, D.C. 20006
Climate Science Watch is a program of the Government Accountability Project.


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Home/ Historical Writings / Church & Denominational History / James Aitken Wylie / The History of Protestantism
The History of Protestantism
by 'James Aitken Wylie'
Book 13 From Rise of Protestantism in France (1510) to Publication of the Institutes (1536)
Chapter 1 The doctor of Etaples, the first Protestant teacher in France
Resource Toolbox
Arrival of a New Actor Central Position of France Genius of its People Tragic Interest of its Protestantism Louis XII. Perdam Babylonis Nomen, The Councils of Pisa and the Lateran Francis I. and Leo X. Jacques Lefevre His Birth and Education Appointed to a Chair in the Sorbonne His Devotions His Lives of the Saints A Discovery A Free Justification Teaches this Doctrine in the Sorbonne Agitation among the Professors A Tempest gathering.
THE area of the Reformation that great movement which, wherever it comes, makes all things new is about to undergo enlargement. The stage, already crowded with great actors England, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark is to receive another accession. The plot is deepening, the parts are multiplying, and the issues give promise of being rich and grand beyond conception. It is no mean actor that is now to step upon that stage on which the nations do battle, and where, if victorious, they shall reap a future of happiness and glory; but if vanquished, there await them decadence, and shame, and ruin. The new nationality which has come to mingle in this great drama is France.
At the opening of the sixteenth century, France held a foremost place among the countries of Europe. It might not unworthy aspire to lead in a great movement of the nations. Placed in the center of the civilized West, it touched the other kingdoms of Christendom at a great many points. On its south and south-east was Switzerland; on its east and north-east were Germany and the Low Countries; on its north, parted from it only by the narrow sea, was England At all its gates, save those that looked towards Italy and Spain, was the Reformation waiting for admission. Will France open, and heartily welcome it? Elevated on this central and commanding site, the beacon-lights of Protestantism will shed their effulgence all around, making the day clearer where the light has already dawned, and the night less dark where the shades still linger.
The rich endowments of the people made it at once desirable and probable that France would embrace the Reformation. The French genius is one of marvelous adaptability. Quick, playful, trenchant, subtle, it is able alike to concentrate itself in analytical investigations, and to spread itself out in creations of poetic beauty and intellectual sublimity. There is no branch of literature in which the French people have not excelled. They have shone equally in the drama, in philosophy, in history, in mathematics, and in metaphysics. Grafted on a genius so elegant and yet so robust, so playful and yet so Penetrating in short, so many sided Protestantism will display itself under a variety of new and beautiful lights, which will win converts in quarters where the movement has not been regarded hitherto as having many attractions to recommend it nay, rather where, it has been contemned as "a root out of a dry ground."
We are entering on one of the grandest yet most tragic of all the pages of our history. The movement which we now behold entering France is to divide deeply and fiercely divide the nation; for it is a characteristic of the French people that whatever, cause they embrace, they embrace with enthusiasm; and whatever cause they oppose, they oppose with an equal enthusiasm. As we pass on the scenes will be continually shifting, and the quick alternations of hope and fear will never cease to agitate us. It is, so to speak, a superb gallery we are to traverse; colossal forms look down upon us as we pass along. On this hand stand men of gigantic wickedness, on that men of equally gigantic virtue men whose souls, sublimed by piety and trust in God, have attained to the highest pitch of endurance, of self-sacrifice, of heroism. And then the lesson at the close, so distinct, so solemn. For we are justified in affirming that in a sense France has glorified Protestantism more by rejecting it than other countries have done by accepting it.
We lift the curtain at the year 1510. On its rising we find the throne of France occupied by Louis XII., the wisest sovereign of his time. He has just assembled a Parliament at Tours to resolve for him the question whether it is lawful to go to war with the Pope, who violates treaties, and sustains his injustice by levying soldiers and fighting battles? [1] The warlike Julius II. then occupied the chair which a Borgia had recently filled.
Ignorant of theology, with no inclination, and just as little capacity, for the spiritual duties of his see, Julius II. passed his whole time in camps and on battle-fields. With so bellicose a priest at its center, Christendom had but little rest. Among others whom the Pope disquieted was the meek and upright Louis of France; hence the question which he put to his Parliament. The answer of that assembly marks the moral decadence of the Papacy, and the contempt in which the thunderbolts of the Vatican were beginning to be held. "It is lawful for the king," said they, "not only to act defensively but offensively against such a man" [2] Fortified by the advice of his Parliament, Louis gave the command to his armies to march, and two years later he indicated sufficiently his own opinion of the Papacy and its crowned chief, when he caused a coin to be struck at Naples bearing the words, Perdan Babylonis nomen [3] These symptoms announced the near approach of the new times.
Other things were then being transacted which also gave plain indication that the old age was about to close and a new age to open. Weary of a Pope who made it his sole vocation to marshal armies and conquer cities and provinces, who went in person to the battle-field, but never
once appeared in the pulpit, the Emperor Maximilian I. and Louis of France agreed to convoke a Council [4] for "the Reformation of the Church in its head and members." That Council was now sitting at Pisa. It summoned the Pope to its bar, and when Julius II. failed to appear, the Council suspended him from his office, and forbade all people to obey him. [5] The Pope treated the decree of the Fathers with the same contempt which he had shown to their summons. He convoked another Council at the Lateran, made void that of Pisa, with all its decrees, fulminated excommunication against Louis, [6] suspended Divine worship in France, and delivered the kingdom to whomsoever had the will and the power to seize upon it. [7]
Thus Council met Council, and the project of the two sovereigns for a Reformation came to nothing, as later and similar attempts were destined to do.
For the many evils that pressed upon the world, a Council was the only remedy that the age knew, and at every crisis it betook itself to this device. God was about to plant in society a new principle, which would become the germ of its regeneration.
Julius II. was busied with his Council of the Lateran when (1513) he died, and was succeeded in the Papal chair by Cardinal John de Medici, Leo X.
With the new Pope came new manners at Rome. Underneath, the stream of corruption continued steadily to flow, but on the surface things were changed. The Vatican no longer rang with the clang of arms. Instead of soldiers, troops of artists and musicians, crowds of masqueraders and buffoons now filled the palace of the Pope. The talk was no longer of battles, but of, pictures and statues and dancers. Soon Louis of France followed his former opponent, Julius II., to the grave. He died on the 1st January, 1515, and was succeeded by his nephew, Francis I.
The new Pope and the new king were not unlike in character. The Renaissance had touched both, communicating to them that refinement of outward manners, and that aesthetical rather than cultivated taste, which it never failed to impart to all who came under its influence. The strong, wayward, and selfish passions of the men it had failed to correct. Both loved to surround themselves with pomps. Francis was greedy of fame, Leo was greedy of money, and both were greedy of pleasure, and the characteristic passions of each became in the hand of an overruling Providence the means of furthering the great movement which now presents itself on the scene.
The river which waters great kingdoms, and bears on its bosom the commerce of many nations, may be traced up to some solitary fountain among the far-off hills. So was it with that river of the Water of Life that was now to go forth to refresh France. It had its first rise in a single soul. It is the year 1510, and the good Louis XII. is still upon the throne. A stranger visiting Paris at that day, more especially if of a devout turn, would hardly have failed to mark an old man, small of stature and simple in manners, going his round of the churches and, prostrate before their images, devoutly "repeating his hours:" This man was destined to be, on a small scale, to the realm of France what Wicliffe had been, on a large, to England and the world "the morning star of the Reformation." His name was Jacques Lefevre. He was born at Etaples, a village of Picardy, [8] about the middle of the previous century, and was now verging on seventy, but still hale and vigorous. Lefevre had all his days been a devout Papist, and even to this hour the shadow of Popery was still around him, and the eclipse of superstition had not yet wholly passed from off his soul. But the promise was to be fulfilled to him, "At evening time it shall be light." He had all along had a presentiment that a new day was rising on the world, and that he should not depart till his eyes had seen its light.
The man who was the first to emerge from the darkness that covered his native land is entitled to a prominent share of our attention. Lefevre was in all points a remarkable man. Endowed with an inquisitive and capacious intellect, hardly was there a field of study open to those ages which he had not entered, and in which he had not made great proficiency. The ancient languages, the belles lettres, history, mathematics, philosophy, theology; he had studied them all. His thirst for knowledge tempted him to try what he might be able to learn from other lands besides France. He had visited Asia and Africa, and seen all that the end of the fifteenth century had to show. Returning to France he was appointed to a chair in the Sorbonne, or Theological Hall of the great Paris University, and soon he drew around him a crowd of admiring disciples. He was the first luminary, Erasmus tells us, in that constellation of lights; but he was withal so meek, so amiable, so candid, and so full of loving-kindness, that all who knew him loved him. But there were those among his fellow-professors who envied him the admiration of which he was the object, and insinuated that the man who had visited so many countries, and had made himself familiar with so many subjects, and some of them so questionable, could hardly have escaped some taint of heresy, and could not be wholly loyal to Mother Church.
They set to watching him; but no one of them all was so punctual and exemplary in his devotions. never was he absent from mass; never was his place empty at the procession, and no one remained so long as Lefevre on his knees before the
saints. Nay, often might this man, the most distinguished of all the professors of the Sorbonne, be seen decking the statues of Mary with flowers. [9] No flaw could his enemies find in his armor.
Lefevre, thinking to crown the saints with a fairer and more lasting garland than the perishable flowers he had offered to their images, formed the idea of collecting and re-writing their lives: He had already made some progress in his task when the thought struck him that he might find in the Bible materials or hints that would be useful to him in his work. To the Bible the original languages of which he had studied he accordingly turned. He had unwittingly opened to himself the portals of a new world. Saints of another sort than those that had till this moment engaged his attention now stood before him men who had received a higher canonisation than that of Rome, and whose images the pen of inspiration itself had drawn. The virtues of the real saints dimmed in his eyes the glories of the legendary ones. The pen dropped from his hand, and he could proceed no farther in the task on which till now he had labored with a zeal so genial, and a perseverance so untiring.
Having opened the Bible, Lefevre was in no haste to shut it. He saw that not only were the saints of the Bible unlike the saints of the Roman Calendar, but that the Church of the Bible was unlike the Roman Church. From the images of Paul and Peter, the doctor of Etaples now turned to the Epistles of Paul and Peter, from the voice of the Church to the voice of God. The plan of a free justification stood revealed to him. It came like a sudden revelation like the breaking of the day. In 1512 he published a commentary, of which a copy is extant in the Bibliotheque Royale of Paris, on the Epistles of Paul. In that work he says, "It is God who gives us, by faith, that righteousness which by grace alone justifies to eternal life." [10]
The day has broken. This utterance of Lefevre assures us of that. It is but a single ray, it is true; but it comes from Heaven, it is light Divine, and will yet scatter the darkness that broods over France. It has already banished the gloom of monkery from the soul of Lefevre; it will do the same for his pupils for his countrymen, and he knows that he has not received the light to put it under a bushel. Of all places, the Sorbonne was the most dangerous in which to proclaim the new doctrine. For centuries no one but the schoolmen had spoken there, and now to proclaim in the citadel and sanctuary of scholasticism a doctrine that would explode what had received the reverence, as it had been the labor, of ages, and promised, as was thought, eternal fame to its authors, was enough to make the very stones cry out from the venerable walls, and was sure to draw down a tempest of scholastic ire on the head of the adventurous innovator. Lefevre had attained an age which is proverbially wary, if not timid; he knew well the risks to which he was exposing himself, nevertheless he went on to teach the doctrine of salvation by grace. There rose a great commotion round the chair whence proceeded these unwonted sounds. With very different feelings did the pupils of the venerable man listen to the new teaching. The faces of some testified to the delight which his doctrine gave them. They looked like men to whose eyes some glorious vista had been suddenly opened, or who had unexpectedly lighted upon what they had long but vainly sought. Astonishment or doubt was plainly written on the faces of others, while the knitted brows and flashing eyes of some as plainly bespoke the anger that inflamed them against the man who was razing, as they thought, the very foundations of morality.
The agitation in the class-room of Lefevre quickly communicated itself to the whole university. The doctors were in a flutter. Reasonings and objections were heard on every side, frivolous in some cases, in others the fruit of blind prejudice, or dislike of the doctrine. But some few were honest, and these Lefever made it his business to answer, being desirous to show that his doctrine did not give a license to sin, and that it was not new, but old; that he was not the first preacher of it in France, that it had been taught by Irenaeus in early times, long before the scholastic theology was heard of; and especially that this doctrine was not his, not Irenaeus', but God's, who had revealed it to men in his Word.
Mutterings began to be heard of the tempest that was gathering in the distance; but as yet it did not burst, and meanwhile Lefevre, within whose soul the light was growing clearer day by day, went on with his work.
It is important to mark that these occurrences took place in 1512. Not yet, nor till five years later, was the name of Luther heard of in France. The monk of Wittemberg had not yet nailed his Theses against indulgences to the doors of the Schloss-kirk. From Germany then, most manifest it is, the Reformation which we now see springing up on French soil did not come.
Even before the strokes of Luther's hammer in Wittemberg are heard ringing the knell of the old times, the voice of Lefevre is proclaiming beneath the vaulted roof of the Sorbonne in Paris the advent of the new age. The Reformation of France came out of the Bible as really as the light which kindles mountain and plain at daybreak comes out of heaven. And as it was in France so was it in all the countries of the
Reform. The Word of God, like God himself, is light; and from that enduring and inexhaustible source came forth that welcome clay which, after a long and protracted night, broke upon the nations in the morning of the sixteenth century.
Lectionary Calendar
Friday, October 30th, 2020
the Week of Proper 25 / Ordinary 30
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For most people, their wedding is the most memorable day of their life. Filled with love, laughter and good tunes, this is the day you tie the knot with your soulmate. But for some, this special day may be telling of why the relationship will crumble. Read as wedding professionals spill the moment they knew the couple would end up separated!
It's meant to be the happiest day of your life, but even on your wedding day, those around you can tell whether you're headed for happily ever after or not.
And the one person who is in the best position to judge this? Your photographer.
Tasked with up to 12 hours of following your every move as you navigate the most important day of your life, a wedding photographer is in the rare and unique position of observing a couple up-close and personal for hours on end, focusing solely on their connection and interactions.
And they say it's pretty obvious when the intimacy and emotional connection that's required to go the distance is there, and more particularly, when it's not.
A recent reddit thread touched on this very subject, asking the question: "What happened at a wedding that let you know the marriage was going to end in a divorce?"
And several wedding photographers weighed in on the topic, revealing there were some clear warning signs that the first day of the rest of their lives actually spelt the beginning of the end.
Body+soul spoke to two wedding photographers and a wedding planner (who asked to remain anonymous, probably still fearing the brides and grooms they dealt with) about the sure fire signs a marriage is likely to end in divorce.
Like what you see? Sign up to our bodyandsoul.com.au newsletter for more stories like this.
Bickering couples
A photographer who works in the NSW Southern highlands told body+soul that you can learn a lot about a couple by the way they communicate with each other on their wedding day.
"I once had a bride who hissed at her husband 'if I have to take one more f***ing photo I'm going to scream' at which point the groom then yelled 'well go on, have your f***ing photos on your own then' and stormed off," the snapper told us. "It was very awkward and unfortunately the damage had been done, it was hard to come back from that and it set the tone for the rest of the night, and probably the rest of their lives together as well."
Diva behaviour
The same photographer told us that some newlyweds forget the day is about themselves AND their partner. "Some brides and grooms are more difficult than others. But it's often when one party is so caught up in how they look that they forget about their partner and why they're really there. I've seen brides use their husbands more as a prop in their own photo shoot rather than an equal partner, directing us about how to shoot them rather than letting us do our job and capture them together."
Uncaring spouses
One Sydney wedding planner told us: "It's not uncommon to see a bride or groom get pretty drunk by the end of the night, it's a big day with lots of alcohol and often not a lot of food, but it's how their partner deals with it that matters. I've seen some brides or grooms watch the partner they've just committed their life to, getting annoyed at them and leaving someone else to look after their new husband or wife while they continue to party."
Body language
Body language is the ultimate sign of a good, or bad relationship according to another Sydney photographer. "Wedding photography is all about capturing the connection between the happy couple, but that's hard when there isn't one," said our source. "When you have to force the bride and groom to get close enough to make it look like they're in love and not just friends, it's a bit of a worry."
One photographer also told reddit of a bride who refused to kiss the groom when her fellow photographer asked for them to do so. "So he poses a kissing shot of the couple, and when he asks them to kiss the bride goes 'oh, no, no thank you' in this weird little mousey voice. The whole thing was weird."
Focusing on the wedding and not the marriage
Another photographer told reddit: "We spend a lot of time listening to the language they use in pre-meetings, engagement shoots, on the wedding day and it becomes pretty clear in a short time what the focus is. Many couples, particularly young couples, pretty clearly have in mind a wedding but have put little thought and planning into a marriage."
When the sexual tension is between someone other than their partner
"There are many other little things that factor in," says one reddit user and photographer. "Like once when there was more sexual tension between the groom and the best man than between the groom and the bride."
When there is family tension
Our Sydney photographer told us: "It's always very obvious when family members aren't supportive of the relationship. It shows in the family photos and just generally on the day."
One wedding planner told us the speeches are also a huge giveaway. "When a bride or groom talks mostly about themselves and their mates and doesn't really acknowledge the person they're marrying it's not a good sign," she said.
While a reddit user added: "What people who give speeches say about the person their friend/relative is marrying is a huge giveaway. I've heard some truly heartfelt, touching words shared during toasts... and have heard others that were seriously underwhelming. If it isn't easy for you to think of why this person is a good match for your friend, that's a bad sign."
What not to do at a wedding
What not to do at a wedding


text: Berlin: Vertical Picks Up Russia's 'Snow Queen 3' for U.S. 10:30 PM PST 2/14/2018 by Vladimir Kozlov FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Courtesy of Wizart Animation 'The Snow Queen: Fire and Ice' and 'Sheep and Wolves' are set to be released theatrically this year. Vertical Entertainment has acquired Russian animated features The Snow Queen: Fire and Ice and Sheep and Wolves, produced by Wizart Animation, for theatrical and digital releases in the U.S. Sheep and Wolves will have a limited day-and-date theatrical and VOD/digital release in the spring. The third installment of Wizart's Snow Queen franchise, loosely based on works by Danish author Hans Christian Andersen, is tentatively scheduled for a release at the end of the year. "We're thrilled to partner again with Wizart and help share their creative vision for animated family films with audiences," said Vertical co-president Rich Goldberg. Vertical also distributed the first installment of the Snow Queen franchise back in 2013-2014. The second installment was distributed in the U.S. and Canada by eOne. The Snow Queen: Fire and Ice was released in Russia by Universal in December 2016 and grossed $5 million. Sheep and Wolves, released in April of the same year, took in $2.4 million in Russia. The first two installments of the Snow Queen franchise came out in Russia in 2012 and 2014, respectively. So far, exhibition rights for The Snow Queen: Fire and Ice have been sold to more than 50 countries, including France, Indonesia, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand, confirming the franchise's status of one of the most successful Russian animated projects on a global scale. This story first appeared in The Hollywood Reporter's Feb. 15 daily issue at the Berlin International Film Festival. FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Vladimir Kozlov email@example.com @thr


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Architecturally, today's residence is a great deal more an element of the great outdoors than was the case in the past. Large picture windows, glass walls, glassed-in sun porches and terraces all blend to help make your garden an important part of the home. As a consequence, that view becomes that much more important. A magnificent garden, a luxuriant turf and healthy blossoming trees all add just as much to the inside of your home as your drapes or wallpaper. The time and effort you spend on your lawns and gardens will repay you in each and every way, indoors as well as out. Any time you plan your grounds you will find yourself influenced by many of the guidelines you make use of in decorating your home. Proportion, texture, color, line, harmony, function. These are terms that pertain to landscaping as well as decorating. And if you have extensive grounds you will profit from careful planning just as much as will the one who owns only a third of an acre.
Gardening books are packed with conventional blueprints for perfect gardens and grounds, but you should take time to consider not just the perfect garden itself, but the one particular plan that will be perfect for your particular family. Research your family, its needs and habits; then fashion your grounds to best satisfy its prejudices, dreams and expectations. Obviously, you may be influenced by considerations of cost and available space. Draw a plan of your property in fairly large scale, about inch to the foot. Now make an inventory of the things that the family wants, say, for example a barbecue, tool house, drying yard, rock garden, fences, playhouse, badminton court, better lounging facilities.
If you aren't fortunate enough and have spacious grounds, you most probably won't be able to work everything into your scheme; but with Planning it is possible to do things gradually. You are able to plan in advance so that your garden never looks bare and yet is always spacious enough for the additions you are going to make in the coming years. Some projects provide more than one function. For instance, if you want a driveway and you have young children, a blacktop that you can use for hopscotch and bicycle riding offers a double purpose, and easily justifies its cost. Or a fence that reduces a less than perfect view might also act as a windbreak as well as a handsome background for a lounging area. A retaining wall can be used as a rock garden when planted with hardy dwarf shrubs along with other rock-garden species.
Typically, most grounds are divided in three ways:
(1) The public area, the area that can be observed from the street.
(2) The service area, which consists of garage and parking facilities, delivery facilities, clothes-drying equipment, outside storage space and garbage disposal.
(3) The private area, ideally located at the rear of the house. Here is your outdoor area, available for games and lounging; a terrace or outdoor dining area; the children's playground in addition to a garden with flowers, fruits, vegetables, walks and, perhaps, pool.
In each division there will be some things to aim for and some to avoid. Within your front, or public area, to provide an example, arrange for a minimum of care. Choose flowers and shrubs that will help you present an appealing look for the passer-by at any time without having undue maintenance on your part, in order that when you can't find a way to give so much time as you would like to your grounds, the front of your property is still presentable.
In your service area, prepare for off-street parking for deliveries that may be made without intrusion inside the privacy of your lawn or terrace.
For your personal private area, make use of the largest part of your plot; take full advantage of established trees as well as the shade afforded by your house and garage for lounging spots. Have seating in pleasant corners and screen off the children's play areas from the other parts of the garden.
Without a doubt, landscaping design is definitely a never-ending adventure, an activity which is as gratifying as it's beautifying, for the creation and proper care of flowers and trees, vines and shrubs, lawns and fences, brings luxury into the home, happiness to the family, and pleasure to everyone who observes the beauty of a "well-dressed" house.
For the most eye-catching and rewarding usage of your grounds, I suggest you include in your plans almost all of the factors outlined in this article. Such essentials like a really good lawn, thriving shady trees and paths and walks are in most cases taken for granted, however often they are the most difficult to achieve, and may even absorb a significant part of your early effort and resources. At the same time, these types of project such as an outdoor living room, having its cooking and entertaining facilities, was probably overlooked in past times simply because it seemed too difficult to accomplish. However such "thought to be difficult" features will add tremendously towards your enjoyment and may even, depending on what type you choose, be achieved with relatively little effort and cost!
The use of trees.
Perhaps if any one feature could be singled out as basic to successful landscaping, it's the existence of fine trees. The regrettable tendency of developers to cut down trees in a wholesale manner, and also the growing use of treeless fields for brand new building, has focused attention on the homeowner who must start out with nothing when it comes to trees. Architects agree that a single shade tree, even of medium height, can certainly make very great difference in the comfort and liveability of a residence. It truly is amazing to find out exactly what a tree can do for a house. A tree in leaf, for instance, can aid in reducing noises from the street. A tree tall enough to throw shade covering the rooftop can materially reduce heat in summer. Trees can help reduce the quantity of dust around a house and will shield you from winds.
But there are additionally the many esthetic considerations. Properly located, they are able to greatly alter the lines of your home. They are able to give a small house dignity; appear to decrease the ungainly height of any tall house; soften the lines of a new house and provide you with welcome contrasts in color and texture. Plan right from the start to plant new trees, which will coordinate with the colors of your house and best suit its architectural style. When you are planning for new trees bear in mind the annual cycle of the tree; how long it holds its leaves, what its colors are during blossoming, whether it is in fruit or full berry, as well as in fall, when its leaves change color.
Arrange to contrast flowering deciduous trees with evergreens; slimmer trees that owe a great deal of their virtue to the color and line of their trunks and branches; the white clump birch, for example, with trees that happen to be chiefly beautiful in mass, for instance the weeping willow or the new purple fringe. (The latter is a tree that looks similar to a cloud of smoke when in bloom.)
Should you be considering views for large grounds (and this is a useful rule even for smaller spaces) have within your design a foreground, a middle ground and also a background. A background is most naturally composed of large trees. Here you may choose to use a number of the varieties of rough and irregular growth which might not look too well close up. These trees will provide a delicate texture to what would alternatively be an unbroken and monotonous background surface.
In the foreground use flowering shrubs. Then, towards the middle ground, take advantage of the many medium-sized trees and large shrubs which can be singled out for colorful foliage or blossoming.
These suggestions apply primarily to new planting. Should you have just bought your premises and therefore are considering removing a tree that blocks a view, or is otherwise undesirable, I ask you to wait no less than a year. Tolerate the tree, observe it in its various colors throughout the season's and carefully consider its advantages along with its disadvantages, bear in mind a tree once destroyed is not easy or quick to replace.
Apart from the ornamental features of trees, two of the most important ways in which they can improve your property are by screening and giving shade. Perhaps you are overlooking a chance to use one of the shade trees on your grounds for a pleasant gathering spot. Put down some paving, place a few deck chairs there, and come summer everyone will gravitate to this spot. Use the shade of your trees for the children's area, and if you don't have a tree on the south, southeast or southwest side of your house, plant one or two there. If you are using trees to screen off an unpleasant view, use evergreens, which will undoubtedly do the trick the entire year round.
In deciding what trees you would like to acquire, or preserve, consider their ability to thrive in your particular climate and soil conditions. Also, check out their rate of growth. If you have a brand new house you'll be wanting quick-growing trees and shrubs that bloom within two or three years after transplanting. Sometimes however, much like foundation planting, a slower rate of growth is helpful. This could mean the tree isn't going to be bothered by crowding. Also take into account the shape, color of blossoms and foliage, height and spread. Also it is advisable to steer clear of trees that spoil a lawn or terrace with seed droppings or insects. Don't consider only the old favorites but also any of the best new Oriental and European importations, and the many colorful new hybrids as well. And do not discount the value of fruit and nut trees as ornamental trees, for many are lovely, particularly in the spring.
Have a Good Lawn
A really good lawn is a basic need for attractive and enjoyable grounds. At the time you plant a tree you choose to do so realizing that you are planting for many years, even for generations. Few realize, however, that lawns need to be planted in the same spirit. The lawns of numerous celebrated estates were planted over 100 years ago, and this type of turf, luxuriously verdant, is invariably an inspiration. Today's lawn builder is fortunate. The battle against weeds and poor soils can certainly be won, on account of the development of the latest chemicals. And modern spreaders, mowers along with other tools will help you establish a park like lawn.
But ending up with a first-class lawn is sometimes a considerably more problematic matter than scattering seed or plucking weeds. You will want to have your soil analyzed, and after that, quite possibly, change its make-up. Perhaps you will need to drain or grade. Prior to selecting your seed formula, consider the use to which your lawn will be put. Would you like a general-purpose area or will it be a showplace within your garden where you will strive for a putting-green lawn? Apart from problem lots in suburban areas, where the living quarters outside is small and may have to be paved, the lawn is definitely the broad canvas on which you paint the picture with flowers, shrubs, trees and walks. Keep it larger than any other area, certainly two or three times the width of the respective borders and beds.
You'll be wanting flowers for cutting and flowers for contributing gaiety and charm within your grounds. The objective of the successful gardener is to have a succession of flowers from early spring to late fall. You can easily plan right from the start to have perennials which bloom at different seasons, (for example, iris, which has the peak of its bloom just as the peony season begins). Know accurately when the perennials bloom and then plan to fill in the gaps left by their passing with prolific and quick-growing annuals. You can arrange to have a potting bed, perhaps in your vegetable garden or perhaps in a sheltered spot behind your tool house or garage, where you could grow extra annuals in addition to those perennials that do not mind being transplanted. Then when the tulip season passes, for instance, you are able to fill in with another tall bulb, a summer-flowering one, like for example, the canna lily.
Your plan really should be made on paper, with the shape of the bed or border sketched in, along with the position of the plants indicated. Perhaps the most widespread and feasible design for the average 60 x 100-foot lot, and even the half-acre lot, is the border running the length of the rear wall of the backyard. This is usually a mixed border of summer-flowering bulbs, perennials and annuals, backed by shrubs. Other designs can be planned for the center of the lawn, for the foundation planting, for the pathways to the house and for the sides of the house. Semi-formal or formal gardens could have borders or beds created alongside of and divided by walks.
In planning your border, provide for tall screening plants that can form a background for the shorter plants. The screening plants may need staking but they should be sturdy. If you have a wide border, over 6 feet, you will need a narrow path in front of the screening plants for cultivating and tending. The center border plants are of medium height, and can be chosen for vivid color. If you are planning a wide border, relatively tall plants such as iris go here. In the foreground is your edging, composed of such neat and plainly visible flowers as: clipped green perennials, or low-growing petunia, ageratum, pansies, dwarf marigolds or sweet alyssum.
Foundation Planting
The special planting carried out close to the house is called foundation planting and is very important since it improves and enhances the proportions of your house as well as relating the house to the grounds. Evergreens are frequently used for foundation planting, not necessarily just because they can thrive within the shade of the dwelling, but because of their year-round beauty.
If you haven't used evergreens elsewhere, though, it's actually a mistake to suddenly make use of them at the foundation. The contrast will be too sharp; the evergreens are inclined to look forbidding. There remains lots of flowering shrubs, dwarf fruit trees, roses and cushion chrysanthemums, which may lend color to your foundation design in spring, summer and fall. Japanese redleaf barberry, floribunda roses, flowering quince and forsythia are among the bushes and plants that you can use.
Though it may be tempting to try one of each of the nursery's evergreen specimens as part of your foundation planting, this ought to of course, be avoided. Having said that, contrast tall and low-growing types: use stiff-needled pines with feathery juniper with broadleafed laurel and rhododendron.
As part of your preliminary planning, draw to scale the relationship between your house elevation and the foundation shrubs and trees as they will look at mature height. Perhaps a few of those you have selected are going to be too tall for your specific house, obscuring your windows and making the house gloomy inside. In that case, you wouldn't want them.
Generally speaking, since your entrance is the most important feature of your property facade, you start your planning with it in your mind, using shrubs that direct the eye toward the entrance. The planting in front of the house is usually bowl-shaped in its overall outline. This gives the appearance of a broad base to the house. Every now and then, let the wall show to the foundation. Locate the tallest shrubbery at the corners of your house.
Outdoor Living Room
These days, when building costs make large houses prohibitive, one technique to extend your house is to use your outdoor area to full advantage. And quite a few contemporary houses make many a room look larger by visually extending it directly into the lawn or garden. Tricks which include glass walls, employing the same wall material inside as for a continuing wall on the terrace, and using the same material for the ceiling inside as on the extended terrace eaves help to do this. Your living room or dining room and even your bedroom or your children's bedrooms can flow right outdoors on to "floating" decks of wood, bricked terraces or sodded, lattice-roofed loggias.
However you do it, by making use of vine, fences, shrubbery, shade trees and flowers you are able to your terrace a wonderful place for entertaining, sun-bathing and relaxing. Having a barbecue another dimension is added, for with your personal fireplace or barbecue any terrace, lawn or garden spot will offer the blithe enchantments of dining under sun and stars.
In planning your terrace, consider installing an electric powered outlet for lighting, portable radio, electric spit for your barbecue, etc. Use vines for a lattice roof (grape vines, for example, leaf out late when shade is wanted and drop their leaves early at the outset of cool weather, giving delicious fruit as bonus). Choose a rapid-growing vine like grape, hyacinth or the gourd vine.
Relate your terrace to the remainder of your grounds with flowers and vines grown in pots, baskets and tubs. In the event the wall of the house next to your terrace seems bare or the profile of your cement or asphalt paving seems too sharp in contrast against the grass, soften the line with pots of plants. Have dwarf trees upon your terrace and blossoming shrubs in the terrace-retaining walls. Create interest with changes of level; build flower beds around trees, steps and walls.
For a terrace where everybody in the household assembles, have play space for youngsters, a sand box which, is capable of being filled with plants later on, or a little square pool for sailing small boats (this can create a sense of luxury even after the children are adults).
You need not depend upon trees alone for shade. Create a self-bracing terrace roof in an egg-crate design, utilizing the side of your house and wood, masonry or metal pillars. Corrugated plastic and reinforced glass are frequently used nowadays since they will be watertight, yet let the sunlight through.
Becoming more popular these days – particularly in hot climates – is the "parasol" roof, extending out of the walls of the property some 4 feet and even further to give pleasant shade to the vicinity. Since glare reflected on bare grounds is a source of heat, a carpet of shaded grass under the parasol roof helps to keep the property cool.
Often an outdoor living space gets twice the utilization when it is made more accessible. A window in a family room can be transformed into a French door, that makes it more natural to step right out on the terrace as opposed to walking around the property in order to reach it. A flagstone, or any other path, leading to a terrace away from the house will raise the usefulness of the terrace. Some sort of hard flooring is of prime importance, whether it be brick, crushed rock, cement, wood block, or flagstone, because it makes it easier to maneuver the furnishings around and eliminates worries over tramped-on turf. In reality, it is a wise decision to create a terrace in a spot where you are experiencing difficulty with the lawn.
Outdoor living space is a winner, too, when it is sheltered-away from street noises and traffic, from the neighbors, and from the wind. By making use of fences and walls, an unused corner of the house or the garage, can turn into a sun-trap that will extend the season for outdoor living in both spring and fall. A louvered board fence, a basket-weave fence, or the traditional brick wall, all are pleasant backgrounds for planting and good screens against wind as well as other disturbing elements.
Play Area
A play area designed to keep your young children in their own back yard, where you can keep a cautious intermittent eye on them, need not be an unattractive one. Incorporate a paved area if you can, for bicycle riding, skating, hopscotch, etc. The sandbox could be a sunken one, flush with the lawn, or it might be a raised box, an extension of a wall or fence which could be planted later. Such imaginative ideas as hollowing out and painting an old stump to be employed for a puppet theatre; obtaining an unseaworthy row-boat that could be gaily decorated for playing Robinson Crusoe; or installing a ladder for climbing the side of the tool shed or a garden wall, in order that climbing in other places may be out-of-bounds, are ideas that will keep the "gang" at your house.
Drying Yard and Service Area
Propose to have your drying yard and service area out of sight yet close enough to the house so that you will not be inconvenienced. Screen these areas with shrubbery or fences. The service area ought to include propagating beds, cold frames, a tool shed or storage locker and your compost pit if you have one. Hotbeds and cold frames need to be located in a spot where they will be shielded from north and northwest winds. Take care not to place your cold frame in a damp place except if you have first drained it thoroughly with drain tile.
A vegetable garden can certainly be a source of great enjoyment. It ought to be out of sight in a corner, or screened with shrubbery, on account of the seasons when there is nothing growing in it. But it can be a decorative addition to the garden, especially if there are grass walks and attractive flowers around walks so that they occupy a minimum of room and yet provide a sufficiently strong surface for the traffic they will likely bear, calls for careful thinking. The well-designed house and grounds include the garage near to the house and close to the street. The garage situated at the back of the property is a hangover from horse-and-buggy days when the stable needed to be remote from the house. Today when most of home owners have cars, space should be saved by using a garage path which also functions as the house path, or feeds into a short house walk. But although the driveway could be a short one, plan for off-street parking- have your driveway no less than 20 feet from the street.
Most home driveways fail under heavy service trucks and traffic because the soil beneath the driveway is wet. Adequate drainage for wet spots, therefore, is a necessity. Good driveway materials are stable, and should not get washed away by storms or shoveled up with snow. If, however, the driveway really needs to be long and does form an essential feature of your landscaping, a reliable material may need to be passed up in favor of one like gravel or crushed rock, which is able to blend better with the surroundings.
Well-designed walks with neat edgings, steps which appear to belong where they are placed, and intriguing little paths that lead you deeper into the garden, are capable of doing much to further improve your grounds. You can scarcely lay too much focus on your choice of material. Concrete paths and steps, for instance, while often exactly the required thing, can form too sharp a contrast with the surrounding turf and planting. Informal walks of wood butts (perhaps slices of telephone poles), flagstones, or tanbark may very well be a lot more suitable. Colonial houses are traditionally set off by brick; modern houses favor wood; small houses appear to make a call for flags.
Garden Pools and Fountains
Water, in virtually any form, enriches a garden and delights the senses. Modern houses are bringing garden pools directly into the patios and terraces. Ideal is water in movement, a splashing fountain or a narrow little brook running across the grounds and between flowers over clear stones. But even a spigot with a wooden bucket below it or a tub to fill with water and used for plunging cut flowers is able to bring a verdant, cool feeling into the garden. Using the sound of running water and the evaporative qualities of a fountain or pool to provide relief from the heat is a trick we have learned from the gardens of Japan, Spain and various other hot climates.
A pool in the garden highlights the positive attributes of your setting, and it should always be positioned so that its surface will be seen from a great number of points, or at a minimum from the most frequented spot in the garden. The contour and materials of the coping surrounding the pool have much to do with its appropriateness in the setting. Flagstone, brick and tile are all good depending upon the degree of formality of the pool. Sometimes the most effective option would be no visible coping. Fountains can be created with just a small source of flowing water, and the same water may be used again and again so long as you install a small motor and pump for an electric pumping system.
Keith Wheeler is webmaster at [http://www.secretsoflandscaping.com]. To take your landscape planning activities further, why not visit?
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/expert/Keith_Wheeler/89205
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Traveling by cruise ships is a wonderful way to take a trip. You go to extraordinary places; have lots of activities on board if you want to participate; sit in comfortable chairs to read; exercise in fitness rooms and swimming pools; have entertainment that ranges from movies to concerts, and taste food that can please anyone's palate. I have traveled on four cruises—in the Caribbean, around Western Europe, through the Eastern Mediterranean Sea and from San Diego (USA) to Hawaii. I loved them all.
The ship's crew helps you have an enjoyable experience. On one Italian cruise liner, for example, the staff sat us in language groupings so we could talk to people in our own language. In our area of the dining room, the Americans, Aussies, Brits, Canadians and Kiwis were seated at nearby tables. We ended up getting to know each other and went to each others tournaments, whether they were silly ball games or intellectual quiz challenges. We joined language classes together to expand our rudimentary Italian and practiced our new phrases with each other before springing them on unsuspecting Italians. As a bit of an introvert, the activities helped me meet people. It is a good way for solos to travel, too. You can be alone as much as you want to be and join group activities to meet people with similar interests. A special note to all you fellow Introverts – unlike other modes of travel, I found it quite possible to get away from my beloved family and friends to get some alone time on all the cruises I have taken, whenever necessary.
It is easy to travel on a cruise ship. You unpack your clothes once and don't have to pack again until you leave. You can make as many travel arrangements as you want regarding shore excursions or leave it up to the ship's staff. I have backpacked and hiked my way through many vacations, so having someone else prepare lovely food and make my bed is pretty cushy. The ship and its crew do everything!
One of the best parts is while you sleep, the ship sails to a new destination. Upon waking, you look out your window to see a different city and country. You have a whole new place on shore to explore. Additionally, it is terrific for multi-generational travel. Our parents were elderly and would join us on some of the shorter excursions and then return to the ship to rest. When we came back to the ship, we shared our experiences, adventures and photos with them over dinner.
And when you are sick, the medical staff may prescribe medicine and look after your injuries. On the Caribbean cruise, I came down with an upper respiratory infection; and ended up taking an antibiotic. While the medicine was going to work, however, the dining crew suggested soothing hot teas and soup. Sadly, serious medical crises occur, too. While sailing to Hawaii, one of our fellow passengers suffered a heart attack. He was airlifted via a helicopter to the hospital on the nearest island. If one is going to be sick, a cruise ship is a nice place to be. In fact, if you have a specific medical issue, a cruise ship might be the better way to travel. For some, a cruise ship might make travel possible. For example, if you have mobility issues and use a wheelchair or walker you might find that the cruise ship is accessible and thanks to stabilizers, the effects of waves are minimal so that you can see countries in a safe and comfortable way. Amazingly, people with a cane, walker or other device are often whisked to the front of the line at time of boarding. Attention to details like this, make cruise travel an unusually pleasant way to travel for those with mobility issues.
All told, the cruise experience has much to recommend it as long as you keep a few safety issues in mind that are unique to this form of travel. Let us know your experience cruising, for good or bad, by clicking on the comments section below.


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Congratulations to the leadership of 2014. The installation event was a tremendous success and well attended by our members and bench. I especially want to thank Judge Risë Pichon for administering the oaths of office and Judge James Towrey for his thoughtful reflections on professionalism and how the Santa Clara Bar has been at the forefront of this significant area. On behalf of the 2014 Officers (John Mlnarik, Nicole Isger and Matt Poppe) as well as the Board of Trustees, thank you for your kind support. We are honored to serve this excellent legal community.
2014 marks a transformative year for the Bar and we will continue to need your strong support and participation throughout this year. As I stated in my last column, as we near our 100th anniversary, the Board of Trustees is undertaking substantial strategic planning efforts to ensure that we are strong and vibrant for the next 100 years. Among other things, the leadership will be addressing our core values—who we are and how we can best continue to serve our legal community in the long-term. We will also consider the changing demographics in our legal community as well as what newer lawyers value in a legal organization.
To undertake this journey, it is important that we understand our past. When the Bar was founded in 1917, Woodrow Wilson was President, the world was involved in the First World War and John F. Kennedy was born. 1917 was also a time for development of ideas that continue to be part of our daily lives. The USPTO issued the first patents for the Separable Fastener (later known as the zipper) and sheetrock and a forward thinking automaker designed the first dual power car (a gasoline and electric hybrid known as the Woods Dual Power coupe). Other inventions, such as the World Book Encyclopedia series, have passed their viable lifecycle and/or evolved to fit in an electronic world.
In an institution that is the size and complexity of the Bar, we must strive to balance the values of the past with the needs of the generations of lawyers to come. In identifying our core values and what differentiates our Bar from other types of legal organizations, as well as MCLE service providers, I am consistently drawn back to the caliber and quality of our members, our depth of knowledge of the Courts in this County, and the strong working relationship we have with our bench. As the Board explores our strategic planning, I would urge each of you to contribute your thoughts about how the Bar has impacted the legal community and supported your practice/professional development throughout your legal career.
There is much work to be done in serving our legal community and our ability to continue to ensure access to justice for our clients. I expect that the leadership will also continue to grapple with the dire levels of state funding that seriously jeopardize the excellent venue that Santa Clara County provides to all members of the community. I have asked our presiding judge, the Honorable Brian C. Walsh, to be our guest columnist next month and to update us on court funding and how to compensate for the budgetary crises. Judge Walsh has been extensively involved in the quest for reasonable funding levels and was selected by Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye to serve as chair of the Trial Court Presiding Judges Advisory Committee. Please look for Judge Walsh's article next month and take a few moments to share with us what you value in the Bar. Thank you again for your continued support.
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Panic attacks are very subjective in nature and what causes panic attacks while driving differs from person to person. Though common in occurrence their triggers can vary. Most arise from the very fear of driving or memories of a scary accident experienced, seen or heard about.
Scientists are unable to chalk out a particular cause of panic attack though they have proven that heredity plays an important role in triggering panic attacks. Other researchers have shown that some panic attacks may have a biological cause whereas some may be due to certain life-changes like marriage, loss of spouse, a new job, loss of an existing job or becoming a parent.
What causes panic attacks while driving rests in genetics. It is seen in people without a family history too. The result of a panic attack is a flight-or-fight reaction caused due to the release of adrenalin, which causes the person to either face or avoid the danger. Inheritance is one of the main causes.
Certain deficiencies like those of magnesium and zinc also make one prone to panic attacks while driving.
Persistent stress in ones life is the most accurate answer to what causes panic attacks while driving. When there is constant stress the body pumps hormones like cortisol and adrenalin. This makes the person see ordinary events also as threatening and dangerous. He may feel that the situation is so grave that there is no solution to it thereby adding more to the panic and stress.
MIMIC SUBSTANCES Having that cup of coffee or that glass of alcohol or even certain medicines can also trigger symptoms, which are exactly similar to panic attack symptoms. Therefore it is necessary not to get fooled when it comes to concluding as to what causes panic attacks while driving. A doctor can help one distinguish between symptoms caused by certain substances temporarily and the real panic attack symptoms.
The degree of what causes panic attacks while driving vary from one individual to another and so does their degree. Every person's reactions under such situations also differ. However the most commonly occurring reasons can be:
Chronic stress
Acute stress
Trauma caused due to a certain event
Previous illness
High levels of caffeine consumption
Physical activities
Sudden changes in the immediate environment
Identifying as to what causes panic attacks while driving in the initial stages can prevent the problem from aggravating. Panic attacks are unpredictable and can go off without any stressful situation too. Anxiety to a limited extent while driving is normal but if it crosses a limit it results into a panic attack.
The main symptoms are profuse sweating, rapid heart rate, problems in breathing, numbness, nausea and discomfort in the chest. The closest answer to the question as to what causes panic attacks while driving is the demanding and stressful lives that we live these days.


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So, what's the difference between a bookkeeper and an accountant (or CPA)?
Bookkeeper – handles the day-to-day transactions, ensuring they are categorized correctly, reconciles accounts, provides monthly financials, processes payroll, files quarterly payroll reports, files state sales taxes.
Accountant / CPA (Certified Public Accountant) – Gives advice on taxes and financial position, prepares state and federal tax returns.
Does your business need one or both of these? LedgerWorks LLC can provide bookkeeping services and we work with an experienced and trustworthy CPA for your tax needs. Contact us for more information!


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The charitable hand of Firefighters First Credit Union
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Fire Family Foundation is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization, Tax ID #36-4613248, and is the charitable hand of Firefighters First Credit Union.
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All major brands carefully craft their image; they spend millions of dollars on the interior design of their stores, merchandising, advertising, digital properties—anything and everything to shape the way shoppers experience and feel. Music is a powerful tool that evokes emotions and influences perception in both physical and digital spaces.
Successful companies realize how important it is to have a well-defined brand sound that reflects the characteristics and values of their business. The role of a music supervisor is to capture a brand's essence in a playlist. This goes well beyond listening, researching, and experiencing as much new music as possible. The difference between a music supervisor and a music fan is the depth and breadth of music knowledge across all genres, marketing savvy, and a clear understanding of the customer. The most successful branded music programs are created by those who understand a client's marketing strategy and the type of music most likely to attract the targeted demographics.
How do we get to know a brand and their target customers? Here are a few ways:
- Reviewing the brand assets. Our first glimpse into a brand lies in the documentation about their architecture and audience: business goals, brand guidelines, buyer personas, look books, message maps, campaign calendars, and more. This info gives us a sense of their feel and voice, their audience, and what they're trying to communicate.
- Listening on social media. Social media is a great place to find a brand's current customers, and review what this audience is saying, define their interests, and understand their demographics.
- Visiting corporate offices. Typically, at the corporate offices, we're able to get a deep dive into the company culture and values, as well as gain insight into some of the new projects they're working on that may impact the music strategy.
- Visiting physical locations. It's important for us to understand the store layout, merchandising, décor, and the feel of the retail space so we can anticipate how the music will pair with the physical space.
- Talking with employees. The employees of a company have amazing insights into their customers. Whether they work in a corporate office or are on a sales floor, we spend much of our time communicating with various members of the team.
And Then Comes Data
What else goes into aligning a music strategy with a brand? A mountain of data.
Every song that we program for a brand has been thoroughly reviewed by a member of our team, has been assessed for the sound and lyrical content, and meta-tagged with more than 170 attributes—a proprietary process we call Distinctive Featuring. When we curate playlists, we use this data to find the best tracks for the people we're trying to touch. For example, this information can help us track down alternative songs for an audience that favors an edgy sound, or a bright, accessible sound for a shopper that leans more mainstream. Likewise, we use this info to avoid anything that a shopper might find offensive, or doesn't fit with brand or campaign themes based on lyrical content.
Crafting the perfect brand sound isn't just about making great playlists. It's the combination of knowing the customer and then combining music expertise, programming skills and analysis, marketing knowledge, and instinct to truly enhance the brand experience.
About PlayNetwork
PlayNetwork is the leading global provider of music and entertainment media experiences for brands worldwide. We partner with over 400 brands spanning 110,000 customer locations in more than 110 countries, our work reaching 100 million people every day. This post is a part of our series: Crafting a Branded Sound: How Music is Chosen for the World's Favorite Brands. To learn more about PlayNetwork, visit www.PlayNetwork.com.


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Two new Fellows were admitted to Downing College at the end of September. Professor Zoe Kourtzi and Professor Nick Rawlinson are pictured here with the Master of Downing College, Professor Geoffrey Grimmett at their admission ceremony.
More information can be found in our Directory of Fellows:
Dr Ariel Gomez has also joined the College as Microsoft Morgan Fellow (pictured below with Professor Grimmett).
Click here for more information on Dr Ariel Gomez.
Published 6 October 2017.


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Yet another newly unearthed video shows a leading Obamacare architect suggesting that the health insurance subsidies were meant only for customer in state-run exchanges.
This time its former Democratic Senator Max Baucus, who introduced the Affordable Care Act and whose staff primarily authored the original bill. PJ Media's Instapundit found a video of Sen. Baucus discussing the Senate Finance Committeee's jurisdiction over state health care policy back in 2009 (watch the video here).
When former Republican Sen. John Ensign pressed Baucus on a proposed amendment that would insert medical malpractice reforms into the Affordable Care Act, Baucus seems to have suggested that the Senate's foray into state health care policy was allowable because the bill would allow states to opt into building their own exchanges.
"How do we have jurisdiction over changing state laws on coverage?" Ensign asked when Baucus protested that medical malpractice was outside the jurisdiction of the Senate. "Outside of Medicare, or Medicaid?"
"There are conditions to participate in the exchange. We're setting up an exchange," Baucus replied. "And states, exchanges, essentially it's tax credits."
While Ensign's medical malpractice amendment didn't make it into the law, Baucus's comments provide even more evidence that years ago, Obamacare's authors believed that providing premium subsidies only to state exchanges would be the incentive they needed to get red states to create their own health care exchanges.
While one appeals court found subsidies in federal exchanges to be against the text of the health care law earlier this week, a second appeals court found federal subsidies lawful, partially due to their interpretation of Congressional intent. The video of Baucus publicly stating that subsidies were the carrot for states to build exchanges may influence the next court decision on the case.
The evidence against federal exchange subsidies is quickly piling up. A chief architect of the health care law, MIT economist Jonathan Gruber, made similar arguments in two recordings unearthed by bloggers Friday. (RELATED: Obamacare Architect Argued Years Ago That States Without Exchanges Can't Get Subsidies; Obamacare Architect Says AGAIN That Subsidies Were Only Supposed To Go To State Exchanges)


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Caravan Coffee Bankside – London (UK)
Friendly service, excellent food and coffee and a perfect location for exploring Bankside's many attractions are the key qualities of this new Caravan
Caravan Coffee Bankside – London (UK)
Friendly service, excellent food and coffee and a perfect location for exploring Bankside's many attractions are the key qualities of this new Caravan
Over the last few years, London has gained a reputation for its varied and excellent food venues, offering an unrivaled variety of cuisines, styles and concepts. From craft beer pubs to street food and upmarket dining to casual brunch, London has it all. In particular coffee places all over the British capital recognized early on that if you served great and honest food alongside your freshly roasted coffees, you could attract a wide spectrum of customers that would otherwise choose to go elsewhere and please those who were already coming anyway.
At a stone's throw from one of London's tastiest tourist attractions, Borough Market, is a brand new outlet from coffee roasting and restaurant legends Caravan. Only open since a few weeks and still largely under the radar of most tourists and London foodies, this cozier outpost south of the river offers a great opportunity to experience Caravan's exquisite range of coffees and delicious dishes that have made Caravan King's Cross one of the best all-day food and drink spots in the city.
The Bankside venue is hidden down unassuming Great Guildford Street, away from the main throng of foot traffic but still excellently located for any visit to Tate Modern, the Shard or Borough Market. The interior is warm and friendly, sporting a massive bar along the wall, large windows all around and lots of wooden furniture.
Take a seat on the bench by the far left side of the restaurant and get a commanding view of the action inside while enjoying the sunshine on your back. The coffee menu offers Caravan's well-known variety of outstanding single origin coffees and blends while non-coffee options include Kombucha, juices and classic brunch cocktails.
The food also speaks for itself. Hearty and healthy items such as Jalapeño cornbread with beans and a fried egg or Salt beef brisket hash with pickled cucumber and poached eggs will get you ready to start your day, at any time of the day.
For a part of London that has long stood in the shadow of more vibrant Eastern and Western suburbs, Bankside certainly makes up for its lack of funky shops and glitzy villas by offering outstanding art, modern architecture and great walks along the river Thames. Caravan Bankside is a certainly a welcome addition to this underrated part of the city.


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What to Expect
Here are some the most commonly asked questions…
A responsible adult (must be 18 years of age or older) to sign you out and drive you home following your procedure. For your safety you are not allowed to take a taxi, bus, driving service, etc.
We respectfully request that your family member/friend DOES NOT leave the facility while you are in your procedure.
What to bring?
- Please bring your Photo ID – Drivers License, Military ID or Passport
- Please bring all health insurance cards and information.
- Paperwork, if completed prior to procedure.
- Please complete forms provided on this site under Patient Forms
What do I do the morning of my procedure?
- Do not eat or drink anything unless instructed by your physician. This includes coffee, water, gum, or mints and chewing tobacco.
- Do not wear make up.
- Leave all valuables at home.
- Please wear comfortable loose fitting clothing.
Where should I park?
There are signs posted around the campus directing you to the east entrance, marked "2127 East Harmony Road," which is the key entrance for our Surgery Center. The east entrance is located to the right of the "Urgent Care Center" sign.
When should I arrive?
Please arrive one hour before your procedure is scheduled. There are some exceptions so please check with your physician's office before your procedure.
Where should I go?
Once you have entered the building, from the east entrance, marked "Ambulatory Care Center," please take the elevators directly to your left, and go to the second floor. You will check in at the Reception desk located right as you get off the elevators.
Where can my family and friends wait for me?
Family and friends may wait in our comfortable lobby. Our lobby is staffed Monday through Friday from 6:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Are there public telephones?
Public telephones are located in our lobby, and on the first floor behind the elevators.
Is this a non-smoking campus?
The entire Harmony Campus is a non-smoking campus. Please dispose of all smoking materials in the containers provided at each entrance.
Overnight Suites
Welcome to our overnight suites. On occasion your physician may admit you overnight for treatment. Our beautiful, private suites provide just the right atmosphere for your quiet recovery. Your safety, comfort and outcome are always our first priority.
To reach a patient staying in our overnight suites after hours please call (970) 297-6315


text: Do I Really Need a Plan for Disney World or Disneyland? You've probably had friends go to Disney World or Disneyland before, or maybe you went when you were a kid. And you might be thinking, "Why can't I just show up and go with the flow?" YouRead more →


text: William ("Willie") Augustus Banks III (born March 11, 1956) is an American athlete. Born at Travis Air Force Base, California, he grew up in San Diego County and went to Oceanside High School. Banks is an Eagle Scout. He was a track & field athlete competing in the triple jump. On June 16, 1985 he set a world record of 58 feet 11.… Leer Más


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University of Dar es Salaam
The University of Dar es salaam is the oldest and biggest public university in Tanzania. It was established in 1961 as an affiliate college of the University of London. It aims to become a reputable world-class university that is responsive to national, regional and global development needs through engagement in dynamic knowledge creation and application.