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As part of the virtual book tour for Many Genres, One Craft, I have more contributor interviews this week: Victoria Thompson, Albert Wendland, Michael Bracken, David Shifren, and Venessa Giunta.
1. Which of your characters is your favorite?
2. Tell me about your travels.
I love to travel in the western United States. The deserts, the mountains, the thick forests—these are the closest I get to alien worlds. I've been in Canada and Italy but I have a great affection for Wyoming, Utah, Montana, Oregon, "naked geology," tormented coastlines, volcanic wastelands, the accidental rainbows of rocks, "deep time" exposed right in front of you, other eras on display, death valleys where a vast lid seems removed, lakes that appear like the eyes of the earth, mountains where the universe comes down at night and plays.
3. Coffee, tea, or milk?
4. What else can you do besides write?
Well, I teach, but that's obvious, and I love doing it. I enjoy photography, especially of landscapes. I'll come back from a two-day trip in autumn with nearly a thousand pictures (praise the memory-space of digital cameras—I used to use film and I confess I do not miss Kodachrome). I don't actually "do" astronomy and geology but these two fields I have always pursued. I had a rock collection as a kid and a Meade telescope as an adult. I wish I could teach courses in both, though I'd have an easier time with art history.
5. Who are you reading right now?
This is strongly influenced by what course I'm currently teaching, so I often offer classes where I can include things I want to read. I'm doing a lot of "slipstream" at the moment or "interstitial" "hybrid" works: short stories from anthologies with such titles, even Borges and Calvino, but also novels by Cory Doctorow, Jasper Fforde, and John Crowley. I find that reading slipstream provides much incentive to write: it's liberating, and I've pulled out some "failed" short stories and re-started them as slipstream. My next class will emphasize recent SF, which is just what I want to look at: Blindsight, The Windup Girl, Boneshaker, Spin and hopefully works by Jim Bishop, Alastair Reynolds, Ian McDonald, and Iain M. Banks.
6. Pop culture or academia?
7. What is the toughest scene you ever wrote?
8. Where do you find your inspirations to write?
Though I can get ideas from "ideas," events, history, myths, legends, what inspires me the most is usually visual. A photograph, a drawing, a work of art, a panel in a graphic novel, anything that is striking both visually and emotionally, that produces a mood, a strong sense of place but also "presence," a slight taste of the haunted, of wonder, of the sublime. A picture of a person can inspire me more than the person him/herself. What the person is can "fill out" the character, but the excitement comes in the visual connection, the bolt, the strike.
9. Food you could eat everyday.
10. Are you into sports or other physical activities?
11. What kind of music speaks to you?
12. Do you outline your stories or do they just take you along for the ride?
Yes, but it's a thin outline. What I almost have to do before I start writing a novel is make a list of what I hope to be in each chapter, and I keep going till I get about 18 chapters listed, and there's often just a phrase or two for one. But once I've completed that, I feel I have enough "direction" to start working. Without this slight framework (and it changes a lot as I go along) I feel I'm wasting writing time if I start before: too much of what I'd be doing would have to be redone. So I need some idea, however slight, and spelled out in a list, of where I'm going.
13. Celebrity crush.
14. Who are the biggest influences on your work?
There's always a mixture of original influences, what you read as a kid that inspired you to write in the first place, and recent writers whose style or subject matter you admire. Andre Norton and Poul Anderson are, hands down, the SF writers who encouraged me the most when I was young. Others were Arthur Clarke, Clifford Simak, and Ray Bradbury. Underlining the visual inspiration mentioned above, I'd have to include the Sunday comic strips of Flash Gordon (those illustrated by Mac Raboy) and the SF comic books, Strange Adventures and Mystery In Space. For more recent writers, Dan Simmons, Jack McDevitt, Peter Hamilton, and Kim Stanley Robinson have been very influential. I loved the return to space opera in the 90s.
15. Do you still watch cartoons?
Dr. Albert Wendland grew up in the Pittsburgh area, attending both Carnegie-Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh. At CMU, he majored in physics with the intention of going on into astronomy and writing science fiction in his off-time. He soon pursued a Ph.D. in English literature instead and has been teaching at Seton Hill ever since. Al is now the director of the Writing Popular Fiction MFA Program. His publications range from magazine and journal articles to poetry and short stories, as well as the non-fiction book Science, Myth, and the Fictional Creation of Alien Worlds published by UMI Research Press. He currently has a Science Fiction novel he's shopping around.
Many Genres, One Craft: Lessons in Writing Popular Fiction, a writing guide edited by Michael A. Arnzen and Heidi Ruby Miller and based on the Seton Hill University Writing Popular Fiction graduate program.


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On the monday after my fell race (did I tell you about that? 23 miles, mostly off road, 1200m elevation gain, in 4hr 25, came in 35th) I went to see the doctor about soem symptoms I'd been having since mid-Feb after a bout of flu.
- Rapid weight loss, going from 65-67kg to 60-61kg, and still dropping
- night sweats and cramps
- extreme thirst, extreme hunger
- feeling hot all the time
- dry skin
- fatigue
- painful eyes
- insomnia
- feeling like I'd massively overdosed on caffiene
The training plan starts here, two months out from a 70-miler.
The first week I was advised not to do anything strenuous, so for the third year in a row I missed my cycling club open time trial, and for the first time in a long while I left my trainers at home when I went to Aberdeen for a week.
I walked though. At my pace of around 10min/km unladen, walking to the offices and back and then an evening stroll racked up a good 21km for the week.
Different this week though; starting to both research and get into the practicalities of managing the exercise/insulin/carbs equation.
So far managed a 6.5k run in 33:13 / 5:05 per km / AHR 147 / MHR 153 / BG at start 5.7 / BG at end 4.3.
That drop is a bit too close for comfort as 4.0 is a technical hypoglycaemia.
Tonight 10km / 53:13 / 5:09 per km / AHR 136 / MHR 157
BG at start 14.8 / 6km 7.0 / end 4.3
What I haven't done yet is to start adjusting my insulin bolus at the pre-exercise meal. The reason this is necessary is that when you exercise you become more insulin sensitive, so that you move glucose from the bloodstream to the exercising muscles more efficintly. With a working pancreas you natually reduce your insulin output to compensate. With a fixed dose going in, you can't do that and your blood sugar can consequently drop like a stone.
I have a consultant's appointment tomorrow, and need to discuss this, but I'm thinking I need to drop my dosage by a unit at the meal before exercise in the evening. The morning is a different ball game with no insulin bolus, but overnight blood sugar depletion I may need a snack before running.
Only time will tell.

subset: commoncrawl


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Emissions Trading Systems: a Webliography.
"… public policy advances the interests of society most effectively when it is grounded in the best available knowledge." – Paul A. T. Higgins (Science in the Policy Process: Rational Decision-Making or Faustian Bargain? / Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: May 2008)
This edition of WWWTools for Education continues to explore responses to evidence of climate change. The theme was introduced in Limits of Computer Modeling: Implications for Government Decisionmaking (WWWTools for Education: September 07, 2008), and in this edition we present a webliography supporting a greater understanding of Emissions Trading Systems. The next edition in this series will cover the broader range of other mitigation and adaptation strategies being proposed for dealing with climate change.
Most of these words and phrases are becoming increasingly familiar:
ANTHROPOGENIC (Merriam-Webster) -"of, relating to, or resulting from the influence of human beings on nature"; as in "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic (man-made) greenhouse gas concentrations" – Summary for Policymakers (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)
CAP-AND-TRADE SYSTEM – "companies are set an emissions ceiling and must hold sufficient permits to meet that limit. If they exceed the target, they buy permits from businesses that have undershot their quotas." (Australian Emissions Plan to Compensate Households (Update3) – Gemma Daley : Bloomberg: July 16, 2008)
See also:
- EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME and CARBON PRICING SCHEME, as explained by Ross Gittins in Magic Lets Us Have Our Cake And Eat It (Sydney Morning Herald: July 12, 2008)
- Emissions Trading – Frequently Asked Questions (National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, Canada)
CARBON CREDITS: Entitlement Certificates issued by the UNFCCC to implementers of approved CDM projects; each represents one tonne of carbon dioxide or equivalent Greenhouse Gas. See Pay Or Get Paid for GHGs (IIPM: September 26, 2008)
CARBON NEUTRAL: using a CARBON OFFSET to neutralise the CARBON FOOTPRINT of a given action – explained in:
- Carbon Offset (Wikipedia)
- Media Promotion Of Carbon Offsets (James Nash)
- Carbon Offsets: More Harm Than Good? (Melissa Checker / Counterpunch: August 27, 2008)
CLEAN COAL: the oxymoron of all time, and probably a phrase that diminishes the credibility of sequestration elements of the debate – a pity, considering the positioning of CCS as a crucial element among solutions.
What is Clean Coal Technology? (Sarah Dowdey / HowStuffWorks) gives a general overview of the multiple technologies either in use or under development.
Carbon Capture and Storage from Fossil Fuel Use (Howard Herzog and Dan Golomb / MIT Laboratory for Energy and the Environment) details the sorts of CCS technology promoted as a prime solution in Australia.
Scientist Casts Doubt over 'Clean' Coal (Sydney Morning Herald: September 26, 2007) – an early reaction to the topic.
Rudd Defends 'Clean Coal' Focus (Sydney Morning Herald: September 22, 2008) – plan for an Australian CCS research institute.
CLIMATE-SPEAK: 3 phrases from Greenland – "Just a few years ago ..."; "I've never seen that before…"; "Well usually … but now I don't know anymore." See Learning to Speak Climate (Thomas L. Friedman / IHT: August 06, 2008)
Climate Change Update.
Now that we have the Garnaut Climate Change Review Final Report, it makes sense to look at its final take on climate change – see especially:
The Report does not attempt to independently evaluate the scientific knowledge relating to climate change. It emphasises the uncertainties inherent in the qualified and contested nature of available scientific evidence, climate sensitivity being the largest of these uncertainties.
It draws extensively on the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, and uses the IPCC definition of climate change.
– the importance of maintaining an ambitious mitigation target in order to avoid high-consequence impacts of climate change. Covers:
- 4.1 How has the climate changed?
- 4.2 Understanding climate change projections
- 4.3 Projected climate change
- 4.4 Assessing climate risk
– notwithstanding the unpredictable nature of weather and the difficulty of separating anthropogenic factors from others, this Chapter covers:
- 5.2 How climate has changed in Australia, in terms of temperature, rainfall patterns, streamflows, ocean temperatures, the El Niño – Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode phenomena, cyclones and storms, bushfires, and heatwaves.
- 5.3 Projected climate change in Australia.
Emissions Update.
Climate Change – Australia (Emission Statement 2008) – an historical overview from ABS Statistics.
Carbon Emissions on the Rise But Policies Growing Too (James Russell / Worldwatch Institute: August 06, 2008) – emphasis on the United States, Europe, India and China; the developing world's per capita emissions are well below those in industrial countries.
New Report Says Global Carbon Emissions on the Rise despite Reduction Efforts (Rich Bowden / Tech Herald: September 28, 2008) – a global four-fold increase in carbon emissions since 2000. See also the Global Carbon Project's report: Carbon Reductions and Offsets (15 July 2007)
Carbon Trends: an Annual Update of the Global Carbon Budget and Trends (Global Carbon Project, 2008) – analysis supported by
references, slide presentations, additional emission figures, data files, and a description of data sources and calculations.
Garnaut Climate Change Review final report, Chapter 3: Emissions in the Platinum Age – China has overtaken the United States as the world's largest emitter.
Emissions Trading Systems – Overview Documents.
Emissions Trading (UNFCCC) – ETS allows countries that have unused emission units to sell excess capacity to countries that have exceeded their targets; commodification of emission reductions or removals; identifies other trading units in the carbon market.
Your Ask the Expert: Carbon Trading (Abyd Karmali / CNN: October 03, 2008)
Emissions Trading (Wikipedia)
Market Mechanisms (International Emissions Trading Association, 2008) – an introduction to emission reduction trading markets.
Linking GHG Emission Trading Schemes and Markets (Jane Ellis and Dennis Tirpak / OECD, October 2006) – sections on different sorts of schemes; glossary of abbreviations.
Inside WCI: Linking (Eric de Place / Daily Sightline: August 04, 2008) – how different cap and trade programs can coexist.
An Overview of Carbon Markets and Emissions Trading: Lessons for Canada (Michael R. King / Bank of Canada, 2008) – how emissions trading can mitigate CO2 emissions; key steps in establishing a cap-and-trade system; lessons from the EU Emissions Trading System.
The Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report may be downloaded chapter-by-chapter. See especially:
Perrin Quarles Associates, Inc. to Develop Australia's Emissions Trading Registry Under the Kyoto Protocol (MarketWatch: September 26, 2008)
Australian Comment: a Mixed Bag.
Garnaut Backs Broadly Based Australia Carbon Trading (Update3) (Gemma Daley / Bloomberg: July 04 2008) – trading should start in 2010 with a two-year transition period.
Coming Clean on Climate Change (Leon Gettler / Age: August 10, 2008) – 48% of Australia's largest 200 companies will probably suffer severely from climate change; Australian companies are also doing less to address the problem.
Aviation Emissions Plan 'Too Blunt' (Peter Veness: news.com: August 20, 2008)
Argus, BHP Chair, Urges Australia to Reconsider Trading Plan (Gemma Daley / Bloomberg: September 01) – government should consider a carbon tax instead of a cap-and-trade system.
Garnaut Is Wrong, Say Scientists (Adam Morton / Sydney Morning Herald: September 09, 2008) – call for a more aggressive position.
Carbon Trading Scheme Could Force Transport Prices Up (John Ferguson / Herald Sun: September 26, 2008) – public transport running on electricity could be more expensive.
Australia Economy Can Afford Emissions Trading: Expert (Reuters: September 29, 2008)
Global Emissions Agreement Essential: Garnaut (Emma Rodgers / ABC: September 30, 2008)
Emissions Deal 'Crucial' to Economic Future (Lenore Taylor / Australian: October 01, 2008)
Emissions Cut to Add 37pc to Power Bills (Lenore Taylor / Australian: October 01, 2008)
Tourism Urged to Get Creative (TVNZ: October 01, 2008)
Reef Watchers Say Garnaut Half-Right (Morning Bulletin / October 02, 2008) – corals more resilient than reported.
Roo Industry Backs Climate Change Report (ABC: October 02, 2008) – should we eat more kangaroo? But see also A Few Roos Loose in Garnaut's Top Paddock? (FarmOnline: October 02, 2008)
Economy Won't Delay Carbon Cut: Wong (Age: October 02, 2008) – financial crisis should not delay ETS implementation.
MCA Reviews Garnaut Report (Jessica Darnbrough / Australian Mining: October 02, 2008) – approval from the mining industry.
ETS Initiatives around the World.
Climate Change (Emissions Trading and Renewable Preference) Bill (NZ Parliament) – supported by references to related documents and reports.
New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (Frazer Lindstrom) – detail on the legislation for the introduction of the NZETS, passed September 11, 2008.
Historic Climate Change Legislation Passes in New Zealand (Government of New Zealand: September 24, 2008)
Emissions Trading Threatens Jobs, Economy, Say Experts (Diane Cordemans/ Epoch Times: October 01, 2008)
Europe Warming Too Quickly (Alister Doyle / news.com.au: September 29, 2008)
The EU's Contribution to Shaping A Future Global Climate Change Regime (European Commission, 2008) – large collection of resources.
The European Union's Emissions Trading System in Perspective (A. Denny Ellerman, Paul L. Joskow / Pew Center on Global Climate Change: May 2008) – the world's first cap-and-trade emissions program; emphasis on its role as a work in progress providing perspective on problems in constructing a global ETS.
See especially Section IV. Controversies, covering issues of windfall profits, the allocation process and over-allocation, volatility of EUA prices, and tlinkage provisions.
European Parliament Votes for Tougher Emissions Targets (James Kanter / IHT: September 25, 2008)
EU Parliament Panel Backs Plan to Cap Car CO2 in 2012 (Update2) (Jonathan Stearns / Bloomberg: September 25, 2008) – will apply to all new cars.
EU Parliament Backs Climate Plan (Quirin Schiermeier / Climate Feedback: October 08, 2008) – from 2013, power stations will not receive free emission allowances; free allowances to manufacturing industries to be phased out by 2020; some concessions to industry.
EU Climate Goals under Pressure As Recession Looms (EurActiv: September 26, 2008) – many useful links at this site.
Emissions Trading Proves Steep Learning Curve for Airlines (Kerry Ezard / Flightglobal: September 29, 2008) – compulsory inclusion in the ETS from 2012.
Steelmakers Urge EU to Improve Emissions Proposal (Reuters: October 02, 2008) – call for balance between ETS and industrial competitiveness.
Emissions Trading in the Netherlands (Nederlandse Emissieautoriteit, 2006) – concise summary.
Norwegian Emissions Trading System (ICAO Workshop, Montreal: June 18, 2008) – a slideshow.
The Western Climate Initiative – launched in February 2007: is a collaboration of seven U.S. governors and four Canadian Premiers. Aims to "identify, evaluate and implement collective and cooperative ways to reduce greenhouse gases in the region, focusing on a market-based cap-and-trade system."
- Western Climate Initiative Unveils Draft Of 2012 Cap-and-Trade Program (Environmental Leader: July 25, 2008) – how many pollution allowances will be given away to industries?
- US Emission Trading Scheme Gears Up for Transportation Cap (Danny Bradbury and James Murray / businessGreen: September 30, 2008)
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative – an initiative of the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic States of the U.S; the first mandatory, market-based effort in the U.S. to reduce GHG emissions.
- RGGI Generates $38.58M in Carbon-Permit Sale (Ucilia Wang / Greentech Media: September 30, 2008) – first auction of GHG allowances.
- 1st Emissions Auction in U.S., A View of Things to Come (NewEnergyNews: September 30, 2008)
Chicago Climate Exchange – "marketplace for integrating voluntary legally binding emissions reductions with emissions trading and offsets."
Comment: Chicago Climate Futures Exchange RGGI Futures and Options Contracts (Carbon Finance Report: August 20, 2008)
Climate Change Draft Scoping Plan: a Framework for Change: June 2008 Discussion Draft, Pursuant to AB 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (California Air Resources Board) – "actions designed to reduce overall carbon emissions in California, improve our environment, reduce our dependence on oil, diversify our energy sources, save energy, and enhance public health while creating new jobs and enhancing the growth in California's economy." To be considered in November, 2008; measures to be developed and in place by 2012.
California Dreaming: Can a Growing State Slash Emissions? (Keith Johnson / Environmental Capital: June 26, 2008)
California Green: State Says Climate Plan Equals Economic Growth (Keith Johnson / Environmental Capital: September 18, 2008)
United States: Weekly Climate Change Policy Update – September 29, 2008 (Kyle Danish, Shelley Fidler, Andrea Hudson Campbell, Kevin Gallagher / Mondaq) – comprehensive summary to date.
The Incidence of U.S. Climate Policy: Where You Stand Depends on Where You Sit (Dallas Burtraw, Richard Sweeney, Margaret A. Walls / RFF Discussion Paper 08-28, September 2008) – effects of a cap-and-trade program on household costs in 11 regions.
Economic Analyses (EPA) of the Lieberman-Warner Climate Security Act of 2008 (designed to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions through the development of a market driven system of tradable allowances), and related legislation.
Compensation for Electricity Consumers under a U.S. CO2 Emissions Cap (Anthony Paul, Dallas Burtraw, Karen Palmer / Resources for the Future: July 19, 2008) – evaluates alternative ways of allocating emission allowances.
Carbon Emissions Scenarios for China to 2100 (Tao Wang, Jim Watson / Tyndall Centre Working Paper 121, September 2008) – summarises cumulative carbon emissions scenarios for China to 2050 and 2100; explains methodology.
Impact of Revised CO2 Growth Projections for China on Global Stabilization Goals.(Geoffrey Blanford, Richard Richels, Thomas Rutherford / Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei: September 2008) – models have underestimated the rate of increase in China's emissions; recalibration of one of those models.
Carbon Trading Warms Up in Tianjin (Yun Zhang / ALB Legal News: September 26, 2008) – new Tianjin Climate Exchange, co-founded by the Chicago Climate Exchange.
Institutional Design for the Emissions Trading System in Japan (Toru Morotomi / Kyoto Economic Review, Vol. 75, 2006) – useful background; see especially part 2 Significance and Limitations of the Voluntary Emissions Trading Scheme.
Japan Promotes Carbon Trading, Hybrids (Ucilia Wang / greentechmedia: July 29, 2008) – plan to reduce the country's greenhouse emissions by up to 80 percent by 2050.
Policy Issues.
Many of the problems and issues raised by ETS proposals, legislation and implementation are already apparent from readings already cited. Here are a few more that specifically highlight concerns.
Climate Change Policy (Joshua Gans, speaking at the University of Melbourne / CoreEcon: October 08, 2008) – Australia's ETS is not a diversified strategy. Need to:
- cover measurement and political issues by investing in other direct ways of reducing emissions.
- deal in a price-sensitive manner with trade-exposed industries rather than industry-by-industry.
- cover innovation directly.
- seek broader pollution abatement opportunities and target them.
Emissions Trading: The Pros and Cons (Climate Change Australia: April 08, 2008)
Emissions Trading: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly (Gary Patterson / Articlesbase: July 31, 2008)
On a Planet 4c Hotter, All We Can Prepare for Is Extinction (Oliver Tickell / Guardian: August 11, 2008)
Pearse: Ingredients for Another Failed Response (Guy Pearse / crikey: July 04, 2008)
Equity and Justice in Global Warming Policy. (Snorre Kverndokk and Adam Rose / FEEM Working Papers 80.08, September 2008)
Climate Change Will Probably Beat Us: Garnaut (Age: June 05, 2008)
Emissions Trading Scheme a Tax, Says Nelson (AAP: August 02, 2008)
WA Government Must Seek Emissions Trading Compensation at COAG (UNIONSWA: October 01, 2008)
EU Votes To Tighten Carbon Regulations (SustainableBusiness.com News: October 08, 2008) – ETS proposals may cause European businesses to lose competitiveness.
Carbon Plan 'Would Close Businesses' (AAP: August 21, 2008) – Business Council of Australia warns of company closures and profit downgrades. See also Storm Warning (Paul Kelly / Australian: August 23, 2008)
Higher Costs Kill Exports (Alan Oxley / Australian: September 24, 2008)
Wong Promises Emissions Trading Help (ABC: October 01, 2008)
Emissions Trading Scheme Will Drive Industry Offshore: Warning (Renee Viellaris / Courier Mail: October 06, 2008)
Light in the Fog (John Garnaut / Sydney Morning Herald: July 19, 2008)
Delayed Participation of Developing Countries to Climate Agreements: Should Action in the EU and US be Postponed?
(Valentina Bosetti, Carlo Carraro, Massimo Tavoni / Feem Working Paper 70.08, September 2008)
Treasury Costs ETS (Lindsay Mitchell / October 06, 2008) – Australia.
Managing Costs in a U.S. Greenhouse Gas Trading Program: A Workshop Summary. (William A. Pizer / RFF Discussion Paper DP-08-23, July 2008)
Task Force Ignores the Cost of Reductions (JSOnline: August 02, 2008)
State-level Economic Impacts of a National Climate Change Policy (Martin Ross et al / Pew Center on Global Climate Change: April 2008)
Rudd's Carbon Scheme Chokes (Paul Kelly / Australian: August 06, 2008) – "Australia's emissions trading model cannot work… is misconceived and … will damage Australia's economy with almost no prospect of solving the global problem."
Libs Urge Delay in Emissions Trade (Cathy Alexander / Canberra Times: October 02, 2008)
EU's Climate Package 'in crisis' (Roger Harrabin / BBC News: October 06, 2008)
Fears Climate Policy to Cost a Million Jobs (Andrew Fraser / Canberra Times: July 10, 2008)
Just Carbon Emission Trading (frogblog: October 01, 2008) – harmonising ETS trading on an international market.
Charity Warns of Impact of Emissions Scheme (ABC: September 25, 2008)
Justice and Climate Change (Eric A. Posner and Cass R. Sunstein / Harvard Project on International Climate Agreements Discussion Paper 08-04, September 2008)
Why Are Agricultural Impacts of Climate Change So Uncertain? (David Lobell and Marshall Burke / Stanford University, 2008)
'Closure of Power Stations on Cards' (Rick Wallace / Australian: September 30, 2008)
How the Smart Guys Are Making a Killing out of the Carbon Credits Trade (Age: August 04, 2008)
Are We Trading Energy Conservation for Toxic Air Emissions? (Matthew Eckelman, Paul Anastas and Julie Beth Zimmerman / Yale University: October 01, 2008)
Learning Resources.
Emissions Trading and Offsets – lists emissions trading, joint implementation and CDM solutions undertaken by members of The Pew Center's Business Environmental Leadership Council.
Glossary (Climate Change North, 2005)
Environmental Glossary (Singapore Green Business Times: August 01, 2008)
"Cap and Trade." A Mom's Simple Definition. (Science Cheerleader)
King's Global Warming Collection (King's College Library, University of Cambridge) – "greenhouse gases, the ozone layer, carbon trading and carbon sequestration, fossil fuels, renewables, nuclear energy, energy storage and distribution, and the hydrogen economy".
Climate Challenge – free online game, won the 2008 European Green IT award. Players guide Europe through the 21st century, making tough choices along the way.
How Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction will Affect the American Economy (Robert Repetto / Yale University, 2007)
Your Carbon Footprint: Calculating, Reducing and Offsetting Your Impact (TreeHugger, 2008)
Emissions Trading – newsletter for the emissions market place. including news, prices, links and commentary.
Climate Change Blog (California Academy of Sciences)
RealClimate: Climate Science from Climate Scientists – scientific topics only.
Climate Change Australia – discussion and analysis.
Carbon Offsets Daily (Affan Laghari) – free resource on all things carbon.
Eco Report (Sky News Australia)
Climate Progress (Joseph Romm / Center for American Progress Action Fund) – climate science, climate solutions, and climate politics; links to categorised resources in the sidebar.
Climate Change : Environment & Urbanization (TakingITGlobal)
Global Climate Change: Research Explorer (The Exploratorium)
Environmental & Energy (mondaq)
Global Warming (Virtual Courseware)
Costs of Climate Protection: A Guide for the Perplexed (Robert Repetto, Duncan Austin / World Resources Institute, 1997) – MS PowerPoint
Green Maven – three tools:
Documents on Emissions Trading (Environment Directorate, OECD)
Climate Changes – new research papers on the Economics of Climate Change.
Report Series (Global Carbon Project)
Lessons from Global Environmental Assessments (M. Kok et al / Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, September 2008)
Global Trading versus Linking: Architectures for International Emissions Trading. (Christian Flachsland, Robert Marschinski and Ottmar Edenhofer / Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, September 2008)
A Lindahl Solution to International Emissions Trading (Yukihiro Nishimura / Queen's University, August 2008)
On Modeling and Interpreting the Economics of Catastrophic Climate Change (Martin L. Weitzman / REStat: July 07, 2008)
100 Months Technical Note (Victoria Johnson and Andrew Simms / New Economics Foundation) – a dire warning.
Japan Sees Big Firms Trading CO2 Next Year (Risa Maeda / Reuters: October 08, 2008) – a market for carbon offsets will be launched.
Shell's Energy Challenge (Chauncey Robinson / EarthTone Foundation Blog: August 05, 2008)
Aussies 'prepared to pay to fix climate' (Sydney Morning Herald: August 30, 2008)
The Influence on Climate Change of Differing Scenarios for Future Development Analyzed Using the MIT Integrated Global System Model (Ronald Prinn et al / MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, September 2008)
A Proposal for the Design of the Successor to the Kyoto Protocol. (Larry Karp and Jinhua Zhao / University of California, 2008)
CSIRO Outline of Climate Change in Australia – future climate change effects.
Small Sacrifice Can Save the Planet (Marian Wilkinson and Ben Cubby / Sydney Morning Herald: October 01, 2008)
Renewing Our Future (Amanda McKenzie and Anna Rose / Online Opinion: September 08, 2008)
The Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report
The United Nations Climate Change Conference, Poznan, Poland – COP 14: 1-12 December 2008 (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)
Tomgram: John Feffer, The View from 2016 (Tomdispatch.com: August 20, 2008)


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© Darren Gerrish
© Darren Gerrish
LAST week the fashion crowd feted the unveiling of Edward Enninful's #NewVogue at a fabulous party at London's River Café, where each guest was given a hardback edition of the December issue to pore over, and save as a piece of fashion history.
Read more: Fashion's Finest Celebrate Edward Enninful's #NewVogue
Now, the Vogue editor-in-chief is inviting you to collect one of the exclusive books from him in person. On November 16 from 11am to 1pm, Enninful will be signing copies of the £75 limited-edition versions of his first Vogue from Condé Nast Worldwide News.
© Darren Gerrish
Read more: Edward Enninful Introduces The December 2017 Issue
Since his appointment as editor in April, frenzy surrounding #NewVogue has been building as the world waited and wondered what Enninful's vision for the brand would be. His answer? "A true celebration of Britain," as specified in his inaugural editor's letter. From the formidable supermodel and activist Adwoa Aboah on the cover, to Zadie Smith's musings on the Queen, Cara Delevingne and Zayn Malik's love letters to the country and Naomi Campbell's Q&A with Sadiq Khan, it is, as Enninful said, a celebration, and the "fashion bible". Now, the man himself to tell you more.
© Darren Gerrish
Read more: Inside The December 2017 Issue of Vogue
Vogue House, 1-2 Hanover Square, London W1S 1JU


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The defendants are accused of illegal protesting, assaulting public officials, thuggery, illegal assembly, damaging public property and blocking traffic.
The defendants were arrested on Monday after allegedly gathering at the Journalists Syndicate in Cairo to protest the cabinet's approval of the deal despite the lack of a court verdict on a lawsuit challenging the agreement.
Egypt's cabinet referred last Thursday the border demarcation agreement to parliament after approving the deal, which would place the Egyptian-controlled Red Sea islands of Tiran and Sanafir under Saudi Arabian sovereignty.
© 2010 Ahram Online.


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Episode 7 of the On Minis Games podcast is up!
In this episode of On Minis Games Giles and Quinton talk about the recent Dystopian Wars Tournament they ran locally.
We kick off with a quick hobby update, talking painting for Dystopian Wars, Sword and Spear miniatures and Kings of War.
We then dive into the subject of our 2017 Annual Dystopian War Tournament, held just a few days prior to recording. Over the course of the episode we discuss the hows and whys of the structure of the tournament, the victory conditions (including warscore.net) and how players scored and were ranked, we relate some anecdotes and look forward to 2018.
The episode can be found here: http://www.inversegenius.com/omgfeed/2017/4/27/omg-7-2017-dystopian-wars-tournament
As always, our RSS feed can be found here: http://www.inversegenius.com/omgfeed/?format=rss


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Prime Minister (PM) Advisor on Foreign Affairs Sartaj Aziz said that the fact India was offering its services to the US to pressurise China was the evidence India was isolated in the region. China has stressed that linking the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) with Bangladesh-China-India- Myanmar (BCIM) corridor will be very beneficial to the people of the region. China specifically rejected the report of a possibility of building a military base in Pakistan. China's state-run tabloid the Global Times has termed India's air corridor with Afghanistan as 'a strategy to counterbalance' the CPEC. Pakistan's Commerce Minister Khuram Dastagir Khan has said Islamabad was seeking changes in existing free trade agreement.
India-US-China Triangle:
PM Advisor on Foreign Affairs Sartaj Aziz said that the fact India was offering its services to the US to pressurise China was the evidence India was isolated in the region.[i] He shared his views while talking about the US administration's decision to designate the leader of a Kashmir-based militant group Hizbul Mujahideen, Syed Salahuddin, as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist. If the relations between India and Pakistan and India and China have deteriorated, India's relations with the US have seen a meteoric progression. Last week, Indian PM Narendra Modi visited the US and met the President Donald Trump who lavished praise and special treatment on the Indian head of the government. Just before that visit, the Trump administration gave a green signal to the sale of 22 surveillance drones called Guardian drones which will enable India to eavesdrop on China's naval movements in the India Ocean.[ii] Mr Trump also talked about a huge naval exercise in the Indian Ocean involving Japanese, Indian and American warships. The US President went one step further by issuing a joint statement (with Indian PM) that called on Pakistan to ensure its (Pakistan) territory is not used to launch terrorist attacks on other countries.[iii] In a remarkable development in the backdrop of Modi's visit to Washington, Indian forces stopped Chinese road-building activities in high region of Sikkim in Himalayas. China warned India to withdraw its forces and pointedly alluded to India's defeat in 1962 India-China war.[iv]
The Indo-US thaw will most probably further complicate the security dynamics of the South Asian region. Pakistan and China will feel more uneasy with New Delhi-Washington bonhomie and in turn will be impelled to enhance strategic collaboration to counter the Indian designs. India is destined to gain a lot from cooperation with the US but at regional level, its romance with the US can hardly be welcomed. In addition to China and Pakistan, Russia and and Iran have historically shown serious reservations about and even resisted the increasing US influence in this region. But for now it seems, Modi's government is more brash if ambitious in carving out a new role for India in world politics.
CPEC-BCIM Connection will Benefit People: China
China has stressed that linking CPEC with BCIM will be very beneficial to the people of the region. Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Chuang said "[T] he two economic corridors are both important cooperation projects under the framework of Belt and Road. If they can be jointly advanced and integrated to form a synergy with other projects of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) they will be able to bring more benefits and welfare to the local people."[v] Geng went on to say China "can wait a little bit more time for the Indian side" to shed its "misgivings" and join the BRI project.
India has not only shown reservations about the CPEC- one of the six corridors of the BRI – but has openly opposed it on the basis of territorial claims. India also skipped the Belt and Road Forum summit held in Beijing May last.
Surprisingly, Beijing's efforts of persuading New Delhi to join the BRI project has been marked by incompatible interests and policies. India has explicitly conveyed to China it was not happy with the project for two reasons. First and mainly, CPEC violates India's territorial integrity. Second and marginally, China has supported Pakistan against India on the issue of terrorism. For example, besides quashing India's efforts to ban Pakistan-based militant outfits at the United Nations, China recently rose to the defence of Pakistan[vi] when Trump and Modi criticised Islamabad on the issue of terrorism. Hence, (from New Delhi's perspective) China has done little to address India's concerns on these issues. On the other hand, Pakistan has already tied the linking of the CPEC with Indian territory to resolution of the Kashmir issue. Even if all these goals seems highly irreconcilable, China is still bent-upon its efforts of bringing India into the project.
China Rejects the talk of Military Base in Pakistan
China specifically rejected the report of a possibility of building a military base in Pakistan. Chinese defence Ministry spokesman Wu Qian while answering to a question said "[T]alks that China is building a military base in Pakistan is pure guesswork."[vii] However, he did not explain further. The debate about possible Chinese military base at Gwadar in Pakistan has come to the fore after Pentagon report reckoned last month that after having established a military facility in the African country of Djibouti, Beijing would likely build more bases overseas. The report singled out Pakistan as one such possible destination. China has been busy in investing billions of dollars in the CPEC that also includes the development and running of Gwadar port in Baluchistan province. The port sits close to strategic Strait of Hormuz through which most of global oil supplies pass and is considered as one of the top global 'oil chokepoints'.
China has got the agreement of running the port for around forty years. There is no doubt Pakistan and China enjoy deep strategic relations but any decision of establishing a military base of the sort will have to go through some serious tests. The question of how Pakistan's democratic institutions in the form of freely elected Parliament, relatively free media and better informed public will react to this probability can be decisive in determining the fate of such base if the two governments agree bilaterally. But the factor of increasing Indo-US coziness can prod Pakistani and Chinese strategists to explore the possibility of any such development in the future. For now, China's investment in Pakistan has some other formidable questions (such as domestic security and financial and economic feasibility of different projects in the long run etc.) to address.
Two China-funded nuclear power plants with cumulative capacity of 2,200MW will start working by the end of next year.[viii] China's state-run tabloid the Global Times has termed India's air corridor with Afghanistan as "a strategy to counterbalance the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor".[ix] Pakistan's Commerce Minister Khuram Dastagir Khan has said Islamabad was seeking changes in the existing free trade agreement with Beijing to get same trade concessions that China has offered to other countries.[x]
This report is compiled and written by Abdur Rehman Shah, Research Associate at the Centre for Research and Security Studies (CRSS), Islamabad. He tweets @abdur_shah
[i] Siddiqui, Naveed. (2017, July 3). Isolated India reaching out to US to pressurise China: Sartaj Aziz. Retrieved on July 4, 2017, from https://www.dawn.com/news/1342973/isolated-india-reaching-out-to-us-to-pressurise-china-sartaj-aziz
[ii] Landler, Mark. (2017, June 26). Trump meets India's leader, a fellow nationalist battling China for his favor. Retrieved on July 3, 2017, from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/26/us/politics/donald-trump-narendra-modi-india.html
[iii] AFP. (2017, June 27). Trump, Modi call on Pakistan to stem terrorist attacks. Retrieved on July 3, 2017, from https://www.dawn.com/news/1341915
[iv] Aneja, Atul. (2017, June 29) Ravat in Sikkim as China demands troop withdrawal. Retrieved on July 3, 2017 from https://www.dawn.com/news/1341915
[v] IANS. (2017, June 26). Linking CPEC with BCIM will benefit people: China
[vi] PTI. (2017, June 28). China defends Pakistan, says it's fighting terror. Retrieved on July 4, 2017, from http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/china-defends-pakistan-says-its-fighting-terror/articleshow/59352142.cms
[vii] Reuters. (2017, June 29). China says Pakistan military base talk pure speculation. Retrieved on July 3, 2017, from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-pakistan-idUSKBN19K13J
[viii] The Nation. (2017, June 26). Two China-funded nuclear plants to be operational next year. retrieved on July 4, 2017, from http://nation.com.pk/national/26-Jun-2017/two-china-funded-nuclear-plants-to-be-operational-next-year
[ix] Jiamei, Wang. (2017, June 25). India opens air corridor with Afghanistan but it should not simply bypass Pakistan. Retrieved on July 4, 2017 from http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1053393.shtml
[x] Haider, Kamran. (2017, June 28). Growing trade imbalance leads Pakistan to seek China concessions. Retrieved on July 4, 2017, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-06-27/growing-trade-imbalance-leads-pakistan-to-seek-china-concessions


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Providing education
The Centre for Child Protection (CCP) of the Pontifical Gregorian University is dedicated to providing educational resources—both basic training and specialized formation—for people working in the field of safeguarding minors.
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Consequently, a change of mentality is needed to combat a defensive and reactive approach to protecting the institution and to pursue, wholeheartedly and decisively, the good of the community by giving priority to the victims of abuse in every sense.
Pope Francis, 24 February 2019


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Company name: Vedanta Limited
Category: Supply of iron ore
Location: Mumbai
Expertise: metallurgical products.
Keywords: Iron ore, zinc, oil & gas, copper, aluminium
Telephone number: +91 (0) 22 6646 1000
Website: www.vedantalimited.com
Email: email@example.com
Other information: Vedanta Resources plc is a globally diversified natural resources company. The company extracts and processes minerals and oil & gas, and engages more than 65,000 employees and contractors - primarily in India, Africa and Australia. The firm's products are sold worldwide and the business is headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Vedanta Resources Plc is the holding company for Vedanta Limited and Konkola Copper Mines, which in turn have multiple subsidiaries.
Vedanta Limited is based in Mumbai, India. Established in 2001, the company was originally a leading producer of metallurgical grade alumina and other aluminium products. The company was formerly known as Vedanta Aluminum Ltd. Today the firm is engaged in exploration, mining and processing of iron ore, and is among the top low-cost producers of iron ore in the country. Iron ore mining assets are at Sesa Goa (capacity ~5.5 mt/year) and at Karnataka (capacity 4.5 mt/year).
During 1991-1995, the company diversified into the manufacture of pig iron and metallurgical coke. It has also developed indigenous and environment-friendly technology for producing high quality metallurgical coke. Sesa Goa Iron Ore also has a 60 MW power plant that produces clean power by using the waste heat recovery from its coke ovens and blast furnace gas.


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Case, M., Matheson, E., Minto, L., Hassan, R., Harrison, C.J., Bown, N., Bailey, S., Vormoor, J., Hall, A.G. and Irving, J.A.E.
Notes: The authors of this study investigated the relationship of somatic mutations that deregulate the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) and its progression to relapse in some patients. They show that such mutations are common in ALL and its recurrence. Furthermore, lymphoblasts from patients with mutations that were associated with upregulation of ERK showed increased cytotoxicity over wild-type controls when treated with U0126, suggesting that specific ERK inhibitors may eventually yield useful therapeutics. Following drug exposure, cytotoxic effects were assessed using the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. (3905)
Expand Full Notes »
CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay
MEK Inhibitor U0126
Joo, J.H. and Jetten, A.M.
Notes: This article showed that expression of several immune response genes could be induced in lung adenocarcinoma H460 cells by treatment with farnesol and that this induction proceeds through an NF-κB pathway. To determine which MAPKs were involved in the activation of these genes, the authors used the MEK inhibitor U0126 and showed that it inhibited the expression of several of the immune response genes and specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 on Ser276. (3904)
Maekawa, M., Yamamoto, T., Kohno, M., Takeichi, M. and Nishida, E.
Notes: The authors of this study investigated the role of ERK1/2 kinase signaling in the preimplantation developmental events that precede compaction and blastocyst formation (2-cell to 8-cell stages). The MEK inhibitor U0126 was added to 2-cell stage mouse embryos, and the embryos were observed to arrest at the 4-cell stage. The arrest was reversible, but experiments indicated that ERK1/2 signaling is required for M-phase progression in early cell cycles during mouse development. (3906)
Wang, Z., Xu, J., Zhou, J-Y., Liu, Y. and Wu, G.S.
Notes: Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) negatively regulates MAPK signaling and may have a role in cell survival in response to stress stimuli, including chemotherapeutics. This study investigates its role in cisplatin resistance. MAPK inhibitors U0126 (MEK inhibitor) and SB 203580 (p38 inhibitor) were used to determine whether the ERK pathway is required for cisplatin-induced MKP-1 expression in human lung cancer (H460) and human ovarian cancer (OVCAR3) cells. (3529)
Philipova, R., Larman, M.G., Leckie, C.P., Harrison, P.K., Groigno, L., and Whitaker, M.
Notes: The authors of this study sought to determine whether both MAP kinase and Cdk1/cyclin B kinase are required for mitotic entry and calcium signals in early sea urchin embryos. Treating embryos with MEK Inhibitor U0126 12 minutes after fertilization inhibited MAP kinase activity in the early embryos. Anti-ACTIVE® MAPK pAb was used for immunoprecipitation of active MAP kinase at various times after fertilization. (3506)
Anti-ACTIVE® MAPK pAb, Rabbit, (pTEpY)
Cancedda, L., Putignano, E., Impey, S., Maffei, L., Ratto, G.M. and Pizzorusso, T.
Notes: Promega's MEK Inhibitor U0126 was used to demonstrate specific CRE-mediated gene expression through Erk activation in mouse brains. An osmotic minipump pumped 250μM U0126 into animals before brain sections were dissected and examined for CRE-linked beta-galactosidase reporter in X-Gal histochemical studies. (2795)
Reimann, J.D.R., Jackson, P.K.
Notes: Vertebrate eggs arrest at meiosis II; CSF (cytostatic factor) acts antagonistically to anaphase promoting complex (APC) and maintains this arrest and prevents parthenogenetic activation in eggs prior to fertilization. Emil was identified as an inhibitor of APC. The authors used Mek Inhibitor U0126 to determine if the MAPK signaling pathway is required for maintaining the CSF arrest. Adding U0126 to CSF extracts led to inactivation of MAPK and p90rsk but did not release extracts from the CSF arrest. The authors conclude that the MAPK pathway is not required to maintain CSF arrest. (2432)
Chou, T.T. , Trojanowski, J.Q., Lee, V.M.Y.
Notes: Treatment of the human medulloblastoma MED283 cells with NGF causes a reduction is cell viability over a 72-hour period as judged by the CellTiter 96® AQueous Cell Proliferation Assay. The death was due to apoptosis. Neither the PD98059 inhibitor nor the MEK Inhibitor U0126 could prevent the apoptosis. The inhibitors (50µM and 10µM, respectively) were added to the media, which was changed every 12 hours during the 72-hour period. Cells with inhibitor and no NGF were not apoptotic, nor was there any noticeable decrease in cell viability. The data for the MEK Inhibitor U0126 Inhibitor is not shown. (1296)
CellTiter 96® AQueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation Assay
Walter, S.A., Guadagno, S.N., Ferrell, J.E.Jr.
Notes: The MEK Inhibitor U0126 was used to further define the role of MAPK activation in the timing of mitosis in a fertilized egg. The U0126 Inhibitor prevented MAPK activation and the calcium-induced H1 kinase activation and nuclear envelope breakdown occurred approximately 30 minutes earlier than in control cells. It is also known that there is a transient activation of MAPK during mitosis following cdc2 activation. Addition of the U0126 Inhibitor did not change the cdc2 activation or mitosis and paralleled vehicle only controls. (0195)
Takeda, K., Hatai, T., Hamazaki, T.S., Nishitoh, H., Saitoh, M., Ichijo, H.
Notes: The MEK Inhibitor U0126 was shown to inhibit MAPK phosphorylation completely and to a greater extent than PD98059. The inactivation had very little effect on neurite outgrowth. MAPK phosphorylation was determined with the Anti-ACTIVE® MAPK pAb by Western blotting. (0297)
Pizzorusso, T., Ratto, G.M., Putignano, E., Maffei, L.
Notes: Cultured rat neurons were treated with BDNF with or without preincubation with 50uM U0126 MEK Inhibitor. The U0126 Inhibitor blocked both MAPK phosphorylation and CREB phosphorylation. The assay used to judge the phosphorylation was a immunohistochemical technique that used a confocal microscope and image processing software to measure the mean fluorescence from the microscope's field. (0536)
Lee, S.J., Zhou, T., Choi, C., Wang, Z., Benveniste, E.N.
Notes: Primary mouse astrocytes were treated with an anti-Fas antibody, which induced expression of chemokines. Pretreatment of the cells with the U0126 MEK Inhibitor 30min prior to a 1hr treatment with the antibody reduced chemokine mRNA to basal levels. Neither oloumoucine or SB202190 (p38 inhibitor) duplicated the inhibition. (0818)
Herbert, T.P., Kilhams, G.R., Batty, I.H., Proud, C.G.
Notes: The MEK Inhibitor U0126 could interfere with the eIF4F assembly presumably through interference with phosphorylation of the components. The inhibitor blocked ERK phosphorylation in phorbol ester treatment with a 45-minute pretreatment with 50µM MEK Inhibitor U0126. Twenty micromolar MEK Inhibitor U0126 did not fully block phosphorylation. (1037)
Lawlor, M.A., Feng, X., Everding, D.R., Sieger, K., Stewart, C.E. and Rotwein, P.
Notes: The MEK Inhibitor U0126 was used to inhibit constitutive activity of Mek1 in order to determine which growth factors are necessary for C2 muscle cell line viability. U0126 was used at a 10 micromolar concentration. (2165)
Bates, M.E., Green, V.L. and Bertics, P.J.
Notes: The MEK Inhibitor U0126 was shown to inhibit MAPK activation in human eosinophils. IL-5-induced leukotriene C4 release was inhibited. The inhibitor was preincubated with the cells for 1 hour prior to addition of IL-5. Activation of MAPK was followed with the Anti-ACTIVE® MAPK pAb via western blotting. (1467)
Hoffert, J.D., Leitch, V., Agre, P., King, L.S.
Notes: The protein aquaporin-5 is upregulated by osmotic shock in MLE-15 mouse lung epithelial cells. The shock causes an increase in ERK activation. The activation was blocked by the MEK Inhibitor U0126. The cells were treated with both inhibitor and activator for 15 minutes prior to lysis. (1049)
Learish, R.D., Bruss, M.D., and Haak-Frendscho, M.
Notes: A primary cell line from rat subventricular zone which remains undifferentiated over time was developed as a model for MAPK activation. Cell were stimulated with 20 ng/ml bFGF and 20 ng/ml EGF (Promega) to activate MAPK. The MAPK pathway was inhibited with either U0126 (Promega) or PD98059. Immunocytochemistry was performed with the Anti-ERK 1/2 pAb (1:100 dilution) to detect both active and inactive forms of MAPK proteins and with the Anti-ACTIVE™ MAPK pAb (1:100 dilution) to specifically detect the dually phosphorylated, active forms of MAPK. Cells were also immunostained with the neuron specific marker Anti-III-tubulin mAb (0.5 µg/ml). Cell proliferation was monitored with the CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay System. Apoptosis within the cell population was monitored using the DeadEnd™ Fluorometric TUNEL System. (2391)
Anti-βIII Tubulin mAb
DeadEnd™ Fluorometric TUNEL System
RQ1 RNase-Free DNase
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Schmidt, H., Schulz, S., Klutzny, M., Koch, T., Handel, M. and Hollt, V.
Notes: HEK 293 cells stably expressing the mu-opioid receptor respond to agonists by MAPK phosphorylation. Activation of the MAPK was totally inhibited by the MEK Inhibitor U0126 at 100nM as judged by immunocytochemistry. The PD98059 required 20µM for the same inhibition. (0411)
Bulleit, R.F. , Hsieh, T.
Notes: The MEK Inhibitor U0126 was tested for its ability to block the increase in expression of the GABA-Aalpha6 subunit of the GABA-A receptor. The increased expression was judged by Northern blotting. Granule cells were cultured for 48hrs in serum-free media in the presence of BDNF and various concentrations of the U0126 Inhibitor. Total inhibition of the subunit's expression was noted with only 5-10µM of the inhibitor. The inhibitor PD98059 achieved the same level of inhibition with 25-50µM. Similar studies were performed with cells incubated for only 24hr with the BDNF and U0126 inhibitor. (1372)
Shiraishi, M., Hirasawa, N., Kobayashi, Y., Oikawa, S., Murakami, A., Ohuchi, K.
Notes: The U0126 MEK Inhibitor inhibited both thapsigargin- and TPA-induced histamine production in a concentration dependent manner. Cells were cultured in 0.1 to 10µM U0126 Inhibitor for 24hr in the presence or absence of thapsigargin or TPA. Maximal inhibition was seen with 10µM inhibitor and ~50% inhibition at 1µM. (0397)
Ku, H., Meier, K.E.
Notes: The MEK Inhibitor U0126 blocked both PMA-stimulated MAPK phosphorylation and paxillin phosphorylation in primary mouse splenocytes and thymocytes. MAPK phosphorylation was judged by immunoblotting extracts with the Anti-ACTIVE® MAPK pAb, Rabbit, (pTEpY). The MEK Inhibitor U0126 was more effective than PD98059. (0853)
Khan, K.M.F., Falcone, D.J.
Notes: Serum-starved RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated for 15 minutes with a laminin peptide, then extracts were made and analyzed for ERK phosphorylation. The treatment increased ERK phosphorylation; in other studies, it caused increases in urokinase and matrix metalloproteinase secretion into the media. The MEK Inhibitor U0126 could block ERK phosphorylation with a 30-minute preincubation of 10µM prior to the peptide treatment. The same pretreatment could block secretion of the two enzymes. (0935)
Zheng, W.-H. , Kar, S. , Quirion, R.
Notes: The pretreatment of PC12 cells with 20µM U0126 MEK Inhibitor for 20min prior to phorbol ester and IGF-1 treatment blocked the phosphorylation of Akt kinase. To determine the effect of PKC inhibitors on PKC activity in the PC12 cells after phorbol ester stimulation, lysates were prepared from various cellular fractions and analyzed for PKC activity with the SignaTECT® PKC Assay System. Control values were obtained in the absence of the lipid activator solution and in the presence of the Myristoylated PKC Inhibitor Peptide. The greatest increase in PKC activity was found in the membrane fraction. (0058)
SignaTECT® Protein Kinase C (PKC) Assay System
Abe, K. and Saito, H.
Notes: Both PMA and dibutryl cAMP (dBcAMP) are known to cause differentiation of cultured astrocytes into process-bearing stellate cells. The U0126 MEK Inhibitor blocks the formation of stellate cells by PMA but not by dBcAMP. The cells treated with dBcAMP had the same levels of Erk 1/2 as the PMA treated cells throughout the experiment but only PMA treated cells demonstrated activation of Erk 1/2 by dual phosphorylation. Thus, it is reasonable that the U0126 MEK Inhibitor could inhibit PMA-induced stellate formation. The level of total Erk 1 and 2 was determined by Western blotting with the Anti-Erk 1/2 pAb and the level of activated Erk 1/2 was determined with the Anti-ACTIVE® MAPK pAb. Cells were treated for 20min with 10µM U0126 Inhibitor and treated with the stimulator for up to 6hr. The U0126 Inhibitor treatment blocked the stellate formation by PMA throughout the experiment. Titration of the U0126 Inhibitor was performed with 0.01 to 10µM and was compared to the PD98059 inhibitor. U0126 Inhibitor was completely inhibitory at 1 and 10µM and at 0.1µM was as inhibitory as 30µM PD98059. Protein kinase C inhibitors were also able to mimic the effect of the U0126 Inhibitor as demonstrated by the blockage of Erk 1/2 phosphorylation and stellate formation. The U0126 Inhibitor was also able to reverse the morphology of the stellate cells back to that of polygonal, undifferentiated cells. The reversal of morphology was also supported by the loss of activated Erk 1 and 2 as judged by Western blotting with the Anti-ACTIVE® MAPK pAb. (2050)
Slack, J.K., Catling, A.D., Eblen, S.T., Weber, M.J., Parsons, J.T.
Notes: Pretreatment of REF52 cells for 15minutes with 50µM U0126 MEK Inhibitor prior to stimulation with EGF blocked all ERK phosphorylation. The same experiment with the PD98059 inhibitor did not block ERK phosphorylation. (0377)


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Today Angela Smith releases her new romantic suspense thriller, One Last Hold. Read on to learn more and check out an excerpt from the book.
One Last Hold by Angela Smith
Publication Date: November 5, 2014
Genre: Romantic Suspense, Adult Fiction
He has a shaded past…
Wesley Webb is at the pinnacle of his auto racing career when his main rival is murdered hours after their confrontation. That, along with evidence found at the scene, shades him as prime suspect. Now he's under intense press scrutiny, particularly from Caitlyn Daniels, an ex-girlfriend who knows all about his secret past.
And she's the one woman who could expose him…
Caitlyn thought to never see Wesley again. Now, his life could be in her hands. Ten years ago, a tragedy tore apart everything she held dear, including their relationship. When she's assigned to do an exclusive story with the reluctant race car driver she once loved, she believes this could be her purging. But chemistry tears apart her resolve to stay strong. Can they work out their differences and fall in love again, or will tragedy keep them apart?
Wesley Webb turned his wheel to face the front straight, beginning the last lap of the race.
"You're looking good," his spotter, Derrick, affirmed through earplugs that had long-since burned a hole in his head. "Don't push it. You need a good finish."
Derrick knew him well enough to know he'd punish himself on the last lap and take chances he shouldn't take. But a good finish wasn't what it was about for him. It was about winning, and heading into turn two, Wesley was confident the win was his.
"Watch Armstrong to your left."
Wesley's palms sweat as he gripped the wheel. He imagined his car racing through the finish line—first. A few more seconds and that would become reality. His heart pounded and every beat seemed to pull Chad Armstrong closer. He held his breath, his pulse thrummed low as his mind reeled with all the consequences of all possible moves. He quickly exhaled, every exertion an effort to slow his rival's advance.
"Focus, focus," Wesley said as he let out a breath and took another one in, this time through his nose. Every nerve ending tingled in adrenaline and anticipation.
He was so ready to get out of this cage.
He bit his lip, concentrating in order to out maneuver Chad's tricks as Chad nudged him closer to the wall. This game was getting old.
"You're almost there," Derrick cued. "Watch the wall."
"Stay with me," Wesley said to his car, to his spotter, to God, and to whoever the hell else wanted to listen.
He only needed to maintain the lead a few more seconds.
Derrick's warning shrill was too late. Chad clipped the left quarter, spinning Wesley's car out of control. He frantically tried to steer out of the skid. For a moment, control was within reach, until the tire's sidewalls dug into the soft earth of the infield.
The car flipped.
Over and over.
He skidded to a stop upside down and watched Chad cross the finish line. Something he wouldn't have a chance to do tonight.
"You okay?" That damned voice in his earplugs again, reminding him people were freaking out because he hadn't come out of the car.
"Yeah." No. Fury was a molten hole in his gut, eating its way into his throat.
He crawled out of the cage and pitched his helmet and earplugs to the ground. Firefighters rushed to douse the blaze, and troops surrounded him to assist him and his car out of the infield.
Fisting his gloved hands, he pushed through the men and focused on his main goal: get past that finish line.
Even though he'd be footing it tonight.
Adam, his crew chief, advanced on him. "Do you need an ambulance?"
"No." He didn't need an ambulance, he didn't need sympathy, and he damn sure didn't need anyone trying to comfort him with words.
Right now, vengeance was his only fuel.
Available from Amazon: One Last Hold
During her senior year in high school, Angela Smith was dubbed most likely to write a novel, and that has been her dream ever since her mother read 'Brer Rabbit' to her and her sister so often that they were able to recite it before being able to read. Before venturing into writing, she fell into the perfect job in criminal justice and later became a certified paralegal. When not caring for her small farm or spending time with her husband of two decades, she loves to craft, read, go off-roading, and dream of all the places she'll visit one day.
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The history of liturgical books – Part II
Vatican II to the present
Vatican II to the present
Rita Thiron is director of the Office of Worship for the Catholic Diocese of Lansing and a member of the board of the Federation of Diocesan Liturgical Commissions.
After the Council of Trent (1548-1563), our liturgical books remained relatively unchanged for 400 years. Some papal initiatives, including the reform of Holy Week in the 1950s, created some modest changes to texts and the liturgical calendar. But when Pope John XXIII called for the 21st ecumenical council, he wanted an aggiornamento ("a re-awakening" "fresh air") so that the Church would continue to be an instrument of grace in the midst of a modern world.
One of the hallmarks of Vatican II was scholarship! Experts in liturgical and church history called periti advised the bishops of the world before, during, and after their four sessions. In all, 16 documents were promulgated by the Council. The very first document of those was passed on December 4, 1963 – "Sacrosanctum Consilium, the Constitution of the Sacred Liturgy." In this magnificent treatise on the theology of worship and the central role of liturgy in the life of the Church, the bishops wrote:
In order that the Christian people may more surely derive an abundance of graces from the liturgy, the Church desires to undertake with great care a general reform of the liturgy itself… In this reform both texts and rites should be drawn up so that they may express more clearly the holy things they signify and that the Christian people, as far as possible, are able to understand them with ease and to take part in the rites fully and actively, as befits a community. (SC 21)
The Council decreed that several key principles would guide the reform of our official books. The primary goal would be the full, conscious, and active participation of the people – their right and duty by reason of their baptism. The rites would be "marked by noble simplicity; …short, clear and unencumbered by useless repetitions; … written within the people's powers of comprehension and as a rule not require much explanation." (SC 34) Toward that end, while Latin was to be preserved, the Mass and sacraments, once again, would be celebrated in the language of the people and acclamations and dialogues would increase the speaking role of the assembly. The use of Sacred Scripture would be greatly expanded and the Word would be integral to all liturgical celebrations.
While "bearing witness to unbroken tradition" and preserving ancient texts, the rites would provide richer options to address a variety of pastoral needs and circumstances . For example, the Council called for the restoration of the ancient catechumenate process – what you now experience as the Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (RCIA). The Order of Mass would be streamlined by eliminating various devotional practices that had crept into our liturgy over the centuries. Now it more closely resembles the practices of the Early Church and allows us to focus on the paschal mystery of Christ.
In the reform of the Liturgical Year, the Church restored greater prominence to the Sacred Triduum and to Sunday as the primordial feast. Saints from every era and continent were recognized in the reformed calendar.
All of this required new books! The texts were created by a committee of experts (Consilium) and were released in Latin. Then, each conference of bishops had authority to translate them into their own language groups.
The Roman Ritual (our book of rites) was published in separate volumes containing the reformed texts for the Rite of Baptism for Children, Rite of Penance, Rite of Marriage, the Book of Blessings, etc.
The Roman Missal (our book for the celebration of Mass) was, once again, printed as separate books for very practical reasons – a Sacramentary which contained the prayers; the Lectionary which contained the readings, the Book of Gospels, etc. The first edition came out in 1969 and was fully translated into English by 1974. A "second edition" (with its slight modifications) was promulgated in 1975 and the English translation of it appeared in 1985 (this is our current text). In 2000, Pope John Paul II, issued a "third typical edition" – not much changed, but many more saints had been canonized! This edition needed to be translated into English and our bishops have been carefully working on that for over ten years. It will be used in the dioceses of the USA on the First Sunday of Advent 2011. (Watch for more on that next month!)
The Roman Pontifical (which contains the rites a bishop uses) and the Liturgy of the Hours (or Divine Office) also underwent reform with careful fidelity to ancient texts and practices.
In 2,000 years of development, our liturgy has always been a "living" liturgy. Early extemporaneous texts differed from place to place, from presider to presider. Modern liturgical books – based upon some of those same ancient texts – are shared with a universal Church. But from ancient scrolls to hardbound texts our goal has been the same – to give glory to God and to express our thanks for the great gift of our redemption!
Who said that?
"Lose yourself wholly; and the more you lose, the more you will find."
A: St. Catherine of Siena (1347-1380). St. Catherine of Siena is the Doctor of Unity. She was a tertiary of the Domincan Order and a scholastic philosopher and theologian. She lived a life of prayer, penance and contemplation and worked to care for the sick and the poor.
She is perhaps best known for her efforts at convincing Pope Gregory XI to return the papacy to Rome from its displacement in Avignon, France in 1376. She also played an important role in establishing peace among the Italian city-states.
The last of 25 children, she first began to have mystical experiences at the age of six. In her Dialogue, she described her mystical experiences of God that included what she referred to as a "Mystical Marriage" with Jesus. She received the stigmata in 1375, which became invisible through most of her life, but reappeared at her death. She died of a stroke in Rome at the age of thirty-three and was canonized in 1939.
She is the Patron Saint of fire protection, Italy, and nursing services. Her feast day is April 29.
The Liturgical Books
Sacramentary/ Roman Missal (1969, 1974/ 1985 2000/2002)
• General Instruction of the Roman Missal Lectionary
• Introduction to the Lectionary for Mass
• Volume I - Sundays and Solemnities (1997)
• Volume II - Weekdays, Cycle I (2001)
• Volume III - Weekdays, Cycle II (2001)
• Volume IV - Ritual Masses, MVNO, Masses for the Dead (2001)
The Book of Gospels (1984, 1999)
• Introduction to the Book of Gospels
The Collection of Masses for the Blessed Virgin Mary (1986)
The Lectionary for Masses with Children (USCCB 1993)
The Rite of Christian Initiation of Adults (1974, 1987)
The Rite of Baptism for Children (1969)
The Rite of Reception into Full Communion of the Catholic Church (1974, 1987)
Rite of Penance (1973)
Rite of Marriage (1969, 1981)
Book of Blessings (1989)
The Pastoral Care of the Sick (1974)
The Order of Christian Funerals (1989)
Holy Communion and Worship of the Eucharist Outside Mass (1973)
• Rite of Distributing Holy Communion Outside Mass
• Rite of Communion to the Sick
• Adoration and Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament
• Order for Solemn Exposition of the Holy Eucharist (USCCB, 1992)
Rite of Dedication of a Church and an Altar (1989)
Rite of Confirmation (1973)
Rites of Ordination (2003)
Rite of Religious Profession (Men, Women)
Rite of Blessings of Persons
Volume I Advent and Christmas
Volume II Lent and Easter
Volume III Ordinary Time, Weeks I-17
Volume IV Ordinary Time Weeks 18-34
– Sunday Celebrations in the Absence of a Priest (USA 1994, 2006)


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Unconventional Gas Well Usage Report - 2012
Post date: Apr 9, 2013 5:29:45 PM
Southwest Greensburg Borough has filed the Unconventional Gas Well Usage Report for 2012 below with the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission. We are required to post this filing on our website. The report indicates how Southwest Greensburg Borough used the 2012 impact fees received relating to Act 13 and Marcellus and Utica shale drilling.


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Since moving to San Diego in 2008 I've taken a lot of public transportation. In fact, part of choosing where we live was proximity to public transportation.
I can catch the bus about a quarter mile from our house and the trolley is about 1.2 miles away. With a bike that means I'm 5 to 15 minutes away from one of those options all the time. Speaking of my bike– I tend to ride my bike anywhere I can within about 3 miles.
Here's what I know
I interact with people I would never, ever encounter if I drove my car everywhere. Normal folks like me headed to/from work. Tourists perpetually lost. Homeless folks. Mentally unstable folks. Rich folks, poor folks, cops, drug dealers, addicts. And every other combination of people you can imagine.
My interactions aren't always conversations. Sometimes it's small talk and often times it's just observing.
When speed and convenience become the objectives of getting where I need to go I miss out on the richness of these interactions.
No, the trolley isn't the fastest way for me to get to work. No, riding my bike after dark on a busy street isn't the safest option. And yes, I recognize that I'm fortunate to live in a place where these are options.
But here's the thing: Most don't. In fact, given the choice almost every person I know would rather get in their car and zip to their place of work than wait on a bus or ding-ding on the trolley.
Each day as I'm walking somewhere or riding my bike or sitting on the trolley zillions of cars go by. Most have a single person in them. Most of those people are doing something else. (Listening to the radio, talking on their phone, etc.)
And those of us in the slow lane are the ones smiling.
So what's the point?
You can make the choice to slow down. Walk places when you can. Leave the car in the driveway. Make time to take time.
We all know life isn't about getting to our destination. So why not embrace the journey in your daily life?


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