text:
PUBA THE PORNSTAR NETWORK DISCOUNT – $5.00/mth
Verified: Best Deal for October 23, 2020
Yearly Deal: Save up to 87% with an annual pass ($4.00/mth)
Best Deal: Pay just $5.00 per month and access it all right now!
Puba is known as "The Pornstar Network" because it is made up of nearly 60 official pornstar sites. Yup. We're talking about the official sites of Asa Akira, Christy Mack, Capri Cavanni, Marica Hase, Skin Diamond, Keisha Grey, and many others. With one single subscription, you'll get access to all of them. Not only that, but there are also daily Live Shows featuring the Pornstars themselves. The best part is that by joining through Puba discount, you'll get it all for practically chump change!
There is a lot to cover on this network. Each Pornstar site has its own goodies besides the videos and the photos. By that I mean extra content, the possibility of chatting with your favorite Porn Star, Store sections (sex toys, model's fleshlight, autographed photos, used panties, etc.), and a lot more. We're talking about stupendous productions in great image quality, featuring a wide range of hardcore porn niches: Threesome, Lesbian, Double Penetration, Creampie, Gangbang, Teen, MILF, Asian, Latina… the list goes on!
Since we're dealing with official sites here, the content is obviously 100% exclusive. Once subscribed, you'll be able to stream and download the videos in multiple formats, and you'll find the picture sets available in Zip files. Obviously, the Porn Stars won't be alone on their sites; they'll be joined by other sexy stunners, either sharing cock or engaging in girl-on-girl action (or both). This gives room for things like: a threesome featuring Asa Akira, London Keyes, and Natasha Nice; MILFs vs. Teens, interracial sex, and many other kinky, and deliciously perverted things.
So far, the combined collection of scenes amounts to 2,500+ updates. Along with these videos, you'll find more than 1,600 photo galleries (all in high resolution) with 150+ pictures each. If you're big on big name Pornstars, this place is the perfect option to watch many of them squealing loud. There's nothing like watching your favorite cockhound with a big vein poppin' on her forehead while she takes the punishment. Her skin all reddened, her body completely covered in sweat, which makes her messed-up hair stick to her flesh; and her slit gushing slut-juice all over a big, fat, super-hard cock, completely coating it with the slimy substance.
Czech girls have a world-wide reputation for being stunning in general. Puba.com offers you CzechHotties.com, a site where you'll watch plenty of them paying with themselves and sharing the screen with other hotties in lesbian scenes. For loves of straight-to-the-action Gonzo porn, there's a website included called HardGonzo.com. Your dose of POV action is at Mr.Facial.com, where you'll enjoy fucking the faces of many pornstars. Sloppy blowjobs and deepthroat action is what characterizes this site.
As I said before, Puba discount is willing to spare you a huge chunk of the fee, and the discount will be even bigger for those that subscribe for a year. Considering the amount of websites involved, this is a great opportunity. My suggestion is that you get this deal before the offer expires. These world-renowned cum-buckets are waiting for you inside. Get your membership and enjoy their spectacular performances!


text:
Twelve students attended the Annual Conference for Middle Level Education (CMLA) in Orlando, FL. Mac Chapman and Nate Buchanan, interns at the Catamount School, presented with Dr. Holly Pinter and Dr. Kim Winter. The other students were part of the CMLA Summit and served as Facilitators.
Tag: Research and Outreach
For all instances of research and outreach
Solomon Finalist for Early Career Research Award
David Solomon, Psychology faculty member, has been nominated by the Southeastern Psychological Association for the Early Career Research Award for his research titled, "Maternal belief and support behaviors following child sex abuse." The recipient will be recognized at the annual meeting in March, 2019.
Rogers Approved for Scholarly Development Assignment Program
Winter, Pinter, and Watson Receive Book Contract
Lomotey Receives Achievement Award
Dr. Kofi Lomotey, Bardo Distinguished Professor of Education Leadership, was named one of the University Council for Education Administration (UCEA) 2018 Hidden Figures at the 32nd Annual ECUA Convention in Houston, Tx. The Hidden Figures Award honors "scholars and trailblazers who have broken barriers and opened doors so that today's generation can stand tall with dignity and integrity. They provide wisdom, guiding strength, and love and serve with joy, enthusiasm, and excellence expecting nothing in return. They have made significant contributions to the field and will continue to advance educational leadership and policy."
Bobilya Co-Chaired SEER
Dr. Andrew Bobilya co-chaired the Symposium on Experiential Education Research (SEER) at the Association for Experiential Education (AEE) Annual International Conference in Orlando, FL. November 8-9, 2018. Learn more at: https://www.aeegya2018.org

subset: commoncrawl


text:
DOC – Conservation Week Identity
Crestani Communications
Double Fish
Di & Stephen Fuller
The Department of Conservation (DOC) every year has a week dedicated to promoting conservation. Conservation Week provides a range of opportunities for New Zealanders to get interested in, excited about and involved with conservation (even if it's just in their own backyard). DOC needed a theme, and a campaign for Conservation week. The talented team of Ken Double and John Fisher were engaged to create a campaign for the week and came up with the idea of "Show how much you love New Zealand". At its core, Conservation Week is about protecting the things that make New Zealand, New Zealand. People involve themselves in Conservation Week activities because they love New Zealand and have pride in its unique environment. Di was asked to bring to life their idea for the identity. The Kawakawa Leaf, is one of the most distinctive New Zealand native plants and is hugely important as a healing herb in Rongoa Maori.


text:
GENEXT Event at MCA
Genext offers the space and freedom to engage and experiment with creativity after-hours at the MCA. Young people from all over Sydney come along to Genext events which take place several times across the year and feature a festival-like line up of live music, performance, art-making and interactive experiences as well as exclusive access to MCA exhibitions. Our client Huge Fasher from SoundContent has been doing sound & lighting for Genext for the past 12 years. The last four events he's hired from Smithys & couldn't be happier.
PA Hire by Huge Fasher of SoundContent


text:
Open Door Education
Educational Organization Websites • Acton, MA
Formerly Open Door Tutoring and Test Prep, Open Door Education needed to rebrand their company and refresh their look across the board. The first priority was to reimagine their logo to realign it with their mission.
A company comprised of a group of friendly, enthusiastic and open-minded tutors, it was clear that the rigid, heavy-weight serif font and icon misrepresented their nature. ONE MARK designed a thin, sleek and rounded font and paired it with a key graphic to better reflect the company's true identity. Likewise, the website also needed to reflect their charisma and enthusiasm, so we designed a fun, simple, and easy to navigate website.
- Logo Design & Branding
- UX + UI Design
- Web Development


text:
"Is Shop Teacher disappointed that he doesn't have a son to work in the garage with him?"
I would like all those folks to kindly piss off.
I swapped the winter wheels onto my truck today. My oldest put on the center caps, helped me load supplies for the rallycross tomorrow, helped me hitch up the RallyMetro, and did most of the work putting on Mommy's new license plates.


text:
This entry is based on the Southwest Research Institute's press release and covers the results of the ROSINA instrument – the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis – that were published today in the journal Science.
Scientists working on the ROSINA instrument have discovered that Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's atmosphere, or coma, is much less homogenous than expected and that comet outgassing varies significantly over time.
"If we would have just seen a steady increase of gases as we closed in on the comet, there would be no question about heterogeneity of the nucleus," says Dr. Myrtha Hässig, lead author of the paper and a postdoctoral researcher at Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. "Instead we saw spikes in water readings, and a few hours later, a spike in carbon dioxide readings. This variation could be a temperature effect or a seasonal effect, or it could point to the possibility of comet migrations in the early Solar System."
"Our whole concept of the variability of volatile release at comets will change based on this paper, which will have significant impact on our understanding of comet formation and evolution," says Dr. Hunter Waite, a program director and planetary scientist at SwRI.
Comets are small Solar System bodies with a nucleus composed of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. As comets approach the Sun along their orbit, they heat up and outgas, displaying visible atmospheres and tails. Comets contain some of the best-preserved material from the formation of our planetary system, offering clues about physical and chemical conditions that existed in the early Solar System.
Rosetta has been studying Comet 67P/C-G since it began approaching the four kilometre wide world last year, finally arriving at a distance of 100 km on 6 August 2014.
"From a telescope, images of a comet's atmosphere suggest that the coma is uniform and does not vary over short periods of hours or days. That's what we were expecting as we approached the comet," said Dr. Stephen Fuselier, a director in the SwRI Space Science and Engineering Division and the lead U.S. co-investigator for ROSINA's DFMS instrument. "It was certainly a surprise when we saw time variations from 200 km away. More surprising was that the composition of the coma was also varying by very large amounts. We're taught that comets are made mostly of water ice. For this comet, the coma sometimes contains much more carbon dioxide than water vapour."
Indeed, ROSINA data indicate that the H2O signal is strongest overall; however, there are periods when the CO and CO2 rival that of H2O.
"These large fluctuations in composition in a heterogeneous coma indicate diurnal or day-night and possibly seasonal variations in the major outgassing species," says Hässig. "When I first saw this behavior, I thought something may have been wrong, but after triple-checking the data, we believe 67P has a complex coma-nucleus relationship, with seasonal variations possibly driven by temperature differences just below the comet surface."
The nucleus of 67P/C-G consists of two lobes of different sizes, connected by a neck region. This complex, "rubber-ducky" shape likely plays a key role in this variation, as different portions of the nucleus face the Sun during the comet's 12.4 rotation cycle. If the coma composition reflects the composition of the nucleus, variations suggest that the nucleus may have formed by collision of smaller bodies that originated from very different regions of the early Solar System. This discovery could revolutionize theories about comet formation and the relationship between comet composition and the location of its origin.
As the comet continues its 6.5-year journey around the Sun, Rosetta scientists will be able to consider seasonal variations as well.
"Time Variability and Heterogeneity in the Coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko" is published in the 23 January issue of the journal Science.
The ROSINA team is led by Kathrin Altwegg of the University of Bern, Switzerland.


text:
We trust nature's template, so when our patients need hormones, we choose to use biochemical compounds that are identical to those produced in our own bodies, rather than synthetic and patented hormone mimics. With bioidentical hormones we find superior results with fewer adverse reactions. This is especially true for female hormones, but also for testosterone, thyroid, and adrenal hormones. We strongly encourage you to use therapies that are native to your body and as natural as possible.
For a more detailed article by Dr. Biddle on bioidentical hormones, click here.
We also have a short video you can watch.
Contact us today to find out how bioidentical hormones can help you feel like yourself again.


text:
Credit Card Security
The privacy of your personal information is important to us. Credit/debit card transactions are handled by PayPal Credit Services. Please do not email or send your credit/debit card details to us. We can not be responsible for your personal details if emailed or sent to us.
This Privacy Policy sets out how Duart Beauty LLC uses and protects any information that you give Duart Beauty LLC when you use this website, including information on how to manage cookies under our "Cookie Policy" below. Duart Beauty LLC is committed to ensuring that your privacy is protected. Should we ask you to provide certain information by which you can be identified when using this website, then you can be assured that it will only be used in accordance with this Privacy Statement. Duart Beauty LLC may change this policy from time to time by updating this page. You should check this page from time to time to ensure that you are happy with any changes.
What we collect
We may collect the following information:
What we do with the information we gather
We require this information to understand your needs and provide you with a better service, and in particular for the following reasons:
We are committed to ensuring that your information is secure. In order to prevent unauthorized access or disclosure, we have put in place suitable physical, electronic and managerial procedures to safeguard and secure the information we collect online.
Cookie Policy
How we use cookies
A cookie is a small file which asks permission to be placed on your computer's hard drive. Once you agree, the file is added and the cookie helps analyze web traffic or lets you know when you visit a particular site. Cookies allow web applications to respond to you as an individual. The web application can tailor its operations to your needs, likes and dislikes by gathering and remembering information about your preferences.
We use traffic log cookies to identify which pages are being used. This helps us analyze data about web page traffic and improve our website in order to tailor it to customer needs. We only use this information for statistical analysis purposes and then the data is removed from the system.
Overall, cookies help us provide you with a better website, by enabling us to monitor which pages you find useful and which you do not. A cookie in NO way gives us access to your computer or any information about you, other than the data you choose to share with us. You can choose to accept or decline cookies. Most web browsers automatically accept cookies, but you can modify your browser setting to decline cookies if you prefer. However, this may prevent you from taking full advantage of the website.
For the list of cookies we collect, please see the List of Cookies we collect section below.
Controlling your personal information
You may choose to restrict the collection or use of your personal information in the following way:
If you previously agreed for us to use your personal information for direct marketing purposes, you may change your mind at any time by clicking the UNSUBSCRIBE link on the bottom of any marketing email we may have sent you.
We will not sell, distribute or lease your personal information to third parties unless we have your permission or are required by law to do so. We may use your personal information to send you promotional information about third parties which we think you may find interesting if you tell us that you wish this to happen.
You may request details of personal information which we hold about you under the Data Protection Act 1998. A small fee will be payable. If you would like a copy of the information held on you please write to Duart Beauty LLC 48 Chimney Hill Rd. Wallingford CT 06492.
If you believe that any information we are holding on you is incorrect or incomplete, please write to or email us as soon as possible, at the above address. We will promptly correct any information found to be incorrect.
Third parties may use cookies, web beacons, and similar technologies to collect or receive information from the Duart Beauty website and elsewhere on the internet and use that information to provide measurement services and target ads. You can opt-out of the collection and use of information for ad targeting and access a mechanism for exercising such choice here: www.aboutads.info/choices.
Third-party websites may be stored on your device including Social Media sites (e.g., Facebook, You Tube, Instagram, Yotpo, etc.). We may publish content from Social Media sites that support the content on our website. Therefore, when you use content from Social Media sites on our Website, a cookie from such site may be stored on your device. Please read the Cookie Policy of the Social Media site used.
The third party links below describe (in their use manual) how to change your browser settings to include a warning before cookies are stored, how to adjust the settings in your browser to refuse cookies or allow only certain cookies to be stored. You can also delete cookies that have already been stored. Click on the link for your individual browser to go directly to the use manual:
For Internet Explorer™: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/products/windows?os=windows-10?For Safari™: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201265
For Chrome™: https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95647?hl=en
For Firefox™: https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/enable-and-disable-cookies-website-preferences
Google Analytics
We use Google Analytics on our Website with the anonymizer function. Google Analytics is a web service that collects, gathers and analyzes data on visitors to websites. The Google Analytics are used to analyze the cost benefits of Internet advertising.
For more information about the data protection provisions of Google, please see:
https:/www.google.com/intl/en/poliies/privacy and http://www.google.com/analytics/terms/us.html.
List of cookies we collect
The table below lists the cookies we collect and what information they store.
|The association with your shopping cart.
|Stores the category info on the page, that allows to display pages more quickly.
|The items that you have in the Compare Products list.
|Your preferred currency
|An encrypted version of your customer id with the store.
|An indicator if you are currently logged into the store.
|An encrypted version of the customer group you belong to.
|Stores the Customer Segment ID
|A flag, which indicates whether caching is disabled or not.
|You session ID on the server.
|Allows guests to edit their orders.
|The last category you visited.
|The most recent product you have viewed.
|Indicates whether a new message has been received.
|Indicates whether it is allowed to use cache.
|A link to information about your cart and viewing history if you have asked the site.
|The ID of any polls you have recently voted in.
|Information on what polls you have voted on.
|The items that you have recently compared.
|Information on products you have emailed to friends.
|The store view or language you have selected.
|Indicates whether a customer allowed to use cookies.
|The products that you have recently viewed.
|An encrypted list of products added to your Wishlist.
|The number of items in your Wishlist.


text:
I'm getting an error saying that I need org.polarion.team.svn.core (1.0.2) or equivalent for FastTrack to work.
I've installed FastTrack_1.0.0-LocalUpdateSite.zip
I'm using Eclipse 3.2.1 with WTP (Web Tools).
I also have Subversive SVN Team Provider 1.1.0.M9a installed - I think this is the problem because FastTrack comes with Subversive SVN Team Provider 1.0.3, and this has been disabled.
The properties of FastTrack in "Manage Configuration" of Eclipse say:
The feature is not configured properly.
Included feature "Subversive SVN Team Provider" version "1.0.3" is disabled.
Errors when using FastTrack with Eclipse 3.2.1
2 posts • Page 1 of 1
Re: Errors when using FastTrack with Eclipse 3.2.1
FastTrack 1.0 depends on Subversive 1.0, see: http://forums.polarion.org/viewtopic.php?t=492
Jiri Walek
Polarion Software
Polarion Software
2 posts • Page 1 of 1
Return to "FastTrack - Tracking deeply integrated in Eclipse IDE"
Who is online
Users browsing this forum: No registered users and 0 guests


text:
Engraved plate taken from the 'Illustrated London News', showing a view inside the Britannia Ironworks in Bedford, a factory manufacturing agricultural machinery. A track runs down the centre of the factory, on which runs a small vehicle carrying the molten iron. This is poured into moulds on the right. The resulting shapes are fashioned into plough blades on the left.
Image Details
Image Ref.
© Science Museum / Science & Society Picture Library


text:
DiscountedDistributors.com is helping thousands to save a large sum of money whenever they purchase goods from the online store. The site is increasing in popularity among customers due to their quality services.
When asked, a representative from the online store stated, "We are helping individuals to get massive discounts with each purchase from our store. At DiscountedDistributors.com you will find a wide variety of products at very low prices. We strive for excellence in the areas of customer satisfaction. DiscountedDistributors.com has a cutting edge E-commerce platform, skilled sales team, responsive warehouse systems and high-tech customer care centre." He further added, "We aim to be the leading online shopping site with the best products and services."
Today, online stores are the preferred medium when it comes on to shopping for goods and services at reasonable prices. The stores also provide discounts and coupon codes where people can save a lot of money on their purchases. They can also qualify for the free shipping offer.
DiscountedDistributors.com offers a wide range of products in various categories such as Classical Music, Automotive, books, baby, beauty, Cameras, Electronics, Grocery & Gourmet Food, Home & Garden, Health & Personal Care, Industrial, music, Movies & TV, Miscellaneous, Kitchen, Kindle, Magazines, Musical Instruments, Office Products, PC Hardware, Photo, Pet Supplies, Software, Sporting Goods, Tools, Toys & Games, Video Games and more.
When asked, Maria, a customer from New York Said, "I am so happy with the fast and efficient services from DiscountedDistributors.com. The prices are very low and the store has a large variety of products. I ordered a Konjac Sponge – Activated Charcoal – Facial Sponge from this store. They were very quick in delivering the product in just four days. I highly recommend this online shopping store to others."
About DiscountedDistributors.com
DiscountedDistributors.com is an online store that is offering a wide range of products such as office equipment and stationery, software, sporting goods, magazines, novels, musical instruments, camera, beauty products, Grocery & Gourmet Food, health and personal care products and many more. The online store is designed with a mission to help people save money while shopping on the internet.
For More Details, Visit Website: http://DiscountedDistributors.com
Media Contact
Company Name: DiscountedDistributors.com
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Country: United States
Website: http://DiscountedDistributors.com


text:
Spooky Oooky Linky Love
This is my favorite time of year. Honestly, I'm not THAT keen on Halloween, but it's the gateway to Christmas, so I'm cool with it. One of my favorite things about this time of year is gussying up the house. I love to decorate (and love it in Spring when I strip the house of all the extras and the slate is bare and clean and simple). And, as should be NO surprise, I love adding in new, handmade elements to our decor.
Since i love it so much, I'm always on the look out for things I can add.
I love the glowing jack-0 lanterns at Not So Idle Hands. In fact, I'm saving jars because I am SO making it.
I also liked the Creepy Halloween Apothecary from the Idea Room. It would make a great center piece for a Halloween party, don't you think?
Really like these spooky ghosts from Not2Crafty.
I admit it. I like Disney. I LOVE that Family Fun has a selection of FREE Disney character pumpkin carving templates.
How about making your own White Chocolate Ghost Suckers with Roots and Wings?
Or, Mummy dogs with the Idea Room?
I love these mummy treat cups from The Celebration Shoppe
Adore these fondant ghost cupcakes from Not So Idle Hands. Wondering if I can make those work for the Princess's halloween party…
Martha Stewart and Family Fun Magazine always have huge Halloween features with tons of fun ideas that are well worth checking out too.


text:
Now we are coming out with the last release in UI series. How the user will benefit from new release: ...
Find the latest news about the products listed in our business software directory. You will see the news in the right context depending on where you are in the navigation. On the front page you will find all the latest product news regarding of what product category they belong to. By going into a category you will only see the category specific news and by going into a product information page you will only see news about that product.
|Product description
GANTTIC is an online project management software for scheduling resources and projects. GANTTIC provides a user-friendly graphical interface and interactive Gantt charts for real time collaboration. GANTTIC is perfect for project management and resource scheduling. We belive our product is the absolutely best alternative to MS Project.
Most businesses use resource scheduling in the everyday life, but most common tools are still e-mails, notebooks, paper wallcharts and spreadsheets. Specialized tools are very expensive, complicated and hard to implement.
|Visit website
|Links: Tour Pricing Blog
Common Features
|Price information
The lowest price is the lowest to obtain the product. The highest price is including all modules that are available.
All prices are in US Dollars.


text:
Many markets, especially as competition stiffens during an economic slowdown, are a battleground for a share of the customer's wallet. Marketers, in the hope of retaining customer loyalty, have embarked on loyalty reward programs.
Customer Benefits of Loyalty Programs
There are variations of reward programs around but they essentially focus on patronage. The more a customer uses the brand, the more s/he will be rewarded once past a minimum level of patronage. Gindaco, the Japanese chain selling takoyaki at Ion's Food Opera, has a loyalty card where a stamp is rewarded for every $4.80 spent. After the 14th stamp, the loyal Gindaco customer can redeem the stamps for a food item. Watson's recently introduced a card membership program in which points are earned for every $5 spent for redemption of cash rebates. Banks also have reward programs for credit cards to persuade their card holders to use their bank's card more than their competitors'.
Airlines and hotels were among the first to introduce loyalty programs. Singapore Airlines has its Krisflyer to redeem not only air tickets but to give loyal customers preferential treatment. Taj Hotels, Hilton, Marriott, and Hyatt also have their respective customer loyalty programs.
In addition to the economic benefits (discounts or free gifts), loyal consumers also enjoy emotional benefits (a sense of belonging), prestige or recognition, as well as access to an exclusive treatment or service such as SIA's special lounges for its PPS Club members.
Firm Benefits of Loyalty Programs
The assumption behind focusing not only on loyal customers but loyal customers who have achieved a minimum level of patronage is that this set of customers is profitable to the firm. Their continued loyalty suggests that they are satisfied with the brand, will continue buying the brand and even more so in the future. Hence, their lifetime value with the firm is likely to be enhanced.
Additionally, being satisfied customers, they are more predisposed to communicate favourable word of mouth to their friends regarding the brand. All in, firms want to protect the revenues from their high spending customers and hence, embarking on a customer loyalty reward program helps to enhance relationship between the firm and the customer.
Reward programs are also effective in increasing customer perceptions of switching costs. If they switch to competing brands, especially just before they accumulate the necessary credits for a reward, they forego all that they have accumulated. Hence, reward programs motivate customers to carry on with the firm until at least a reward is redeemed.
Particularly for service firms where their offerings are generally undifferentiated from one to another, reward programs are a means to tie customers to them and build a relationship.
However , consumers can be a member of several competing loyalty reward programs. What would make a consumer spend a larger share of his/her wallet on Brand A, and less on Brands B and C when s/he is a member of all three?
At the National University of Singapore Business School, we engaged in a study to address these questions. First, the attractiveness of a reward program is paramount. An attractive reward program gets a larger share of the customer wallet (i.e., behavioural loyalty or "share of wallet") than less attractive programs, regardless of how loyal the customer is to the brand in terms of attitudinal loyalty (also called "share of heart").................
...to Read the Complete Article Subscribe to ASEANAFFAIRS Magazine
Home | About Us | Contact Us | Special | Features | News | Magazine | Events | TV | Press Release | Advertise With us
Our Products | Work with us | Terms of Use | Site Map | Privacy Policy | Refund Policy | Shipping/Delivery Policy


text:
Press Release:
Lincoln – University of Nebraska forward Isaiah Roby announced Wednesday afternoon that he has decided to remain in the 2019 NBA Draft.
Roby finished his three-year Husker career with 786 points, 530 rebounds and 154 blocked shots, a total which is sixth in school history. He will look to become the first Husker basketball player drafted since Venson Hamilton in 1999. The 2019 NBA Draft is set for Thursday, June 20th at Barclays Center in Brooklyn, N.Y.
Roby, a 6-foot-8, 228-pounder, enjoyed a breakout 2018-19 campaign as Nebraska made its second straight postseason appearance. He established career highs in scoring (11.8 ppg), rebounding (6.9 rpg), assists (1.9 apg) and steals (1.3 spg), while averaging 1.9 blocks per game. He made 35 starts last season and finished among the Big Ten leaders in blocked shots (third), steals (ninth) and rebounding (14th). Roby was the only Big Ten player to rank in the top 10 in the conference in both blocked shots and steals. Roby tallied three double-doubles – all in Big Ten action – and had a career high 28 points in Nebraska's first-round NIT win over Butler. It was one of five 20-point games during Roby's junior campaign. His 66 blocked shots in 2018-19 tied for ninth in school history, and he joined Venson Hamilton (1997-98 and 1998-99), as the only Huskers to put together consecutive seasons of at least 50 blocked shots and 50 assists.
Roby moved into the starting lineup midway through the 2017-18 campaign, sparking the Huskers to a 10-2 Big Ten finish, as the Huskers set a school record with 13 conference wins. The Dixon, Ill., product averaged 8.7 points and a team-high 6.3 rebounds per game while ranking fourth in the Big Ten in blocked shots at 2.0 per game. He also shot 40 percent from 3-point range, including 52 percent in conference action. Roby had four double-doubles as a sophomore, including three in conference play.
— Isaiah Roby (@roby_isaiah) May 29, 2019


text:
Tiba sdpa Ltd. has used on the edge technology in its projects during its three years of existence in the software market. Now this company is going to develop new generation of the enterprise systems in Iran. Some bold features of these systems are: Micro-services based architecture designed by DDD and event-sourcing approach and integrated by NServiceBus and CQRS technology through choreography. The REST Api will be the main interface technology for services and some API Gateways will ensure security through OpenIdConnect and OAuth 2 tokens. The Front-end technologies will be Angular 4 and NativeScripts for maximum reusing of presentation logic in different environments. In the development process the contentious integration and delivery techniques will ensure the streamlined production releases with automatic testing in place.
companies sorted by recent activities


text:
Selling your property
For some selling a property can be a very personal experience, especially if the property has been a home of yours and holds many memories, for others it may be a business transaction for investment. At Empires Estate Agency we understand that each sale is individual and requires a different approach, with this in mind we tailor our service to favour our clients. We understand that a trusting relationship with your estate agent is without doubt the most important factor. As our client, rest assured that we will do our upmost to make the process as stress-free as possible to allow you to live life as normal throughout the selling process.
Once we have determined your needs we will advise you on the best possible package for you to help make a quick sale at the best possible price. If you wish to arrange a valuation or simply have some questions please don't hesitate to contact us. Below are questions we are commonly asked.
Where do you advertise my property?
We advertise with all of the major property portals, window displays, website, boards. Alongside our marketing we have a large database of buyers and their needs, our negotiators will call the best matched to arrange a viewing of your property.
Do you specialise in sales or lettings?
We are specialists in residential property and cover most areas including resell properties, new homes, lettings, property management and buy-to-let investment. We have a rounded approach to the property market as we find this helps offer our clients the best advice.
Will you be honest with me?
We rely on our client's good word to help us grow. Honesty is essential between you and your estate agent which is why most of our business is from referrals.
If I sell through you, can you help me find somewhere to buy?
If you have sold through us you can benefit from our 'Premium Buyer Service'. As soon as a property we know you will be interested in comes to the market we will give you first choice to see it. We can also help you negotiate with another estate agent if required.
Can you recommend a solicitor/mortgage broker to me?
We can recommend a solicitor and/or a mortgage broker that have been tried and tested by us. In fact by using a recommended solicitor/mortgage broker it often speeds up the process as we have good working relationships with them.
Why should I choose Empires Estate Agency?
We are experts in the local area. With collective years in the industry and a great knowledge of the local area Empires Estate Agency are prime estate agents to consider when selling. We advertise on all of the major property portals, we are the only member of the Guild of Professional Estate Agents in SW4 and are interlinked with over 700 offices of which a number of them offer a national property search facility on their websites sharing your property to 100,000's of people nationwide. Our website has been designed to be aesthetically pleasing as well as informative and practical to use. We provide full screen photos so show your property in its best light. Our honesty and integrity are the key to Empires Estate Agency building its brand and you will always find our staff to be helpful and friendly.


text:
With Smart Notebooks you can simply create a Notebook for all tasks that are marked as Follow-Up:
1) Press the Notebook Icon on the bottom right
2) Press + New Notebook
3) Type the name of the Notebook, i.e. Follow up Tasks
4) Press the Smart Notebook checkbox
5) At the bottom of the list of selections, tap "and their status is" and select "has Follow up"
6) Press Done
7) Press Save or swipe up to Save
This Notebook shows all tasks that have a Follow up status.
Smart Notebooks are very powerful - they effectively give you the power to filter and sort your tasks in so many possible ways. Have fun!


text:
Here at Agnes+Cat we are delighted to meet our customers. Come and visit our showroom, meet our team and smell our products! Click on the picture for more details.
Take your gift, gift baskets and packages to the next level with our Wholesale Shredded Paper.
Online retailers and crafters who sell at fairs might consider using gift shred as a fun and inexpensive alternative to other packaging products. Your customers will appreciate that you took an extra step to make their shipment look that much more lovely and they may even be able to reuse the shred for projects of their own.
Available in 8 different colours and packed in 1Kg bags.
Order today to add volume, colour, and texture to any present.


text:
From watching her own kids, to supporting the hundreds of students who come through the doors of CJ every day, Cindy Budde will missed after her retirement at the end of the 2016-2017 school year.
Budde first came to CJ in 1994, but she had been a part of the CJ community before that.
"I was a stay-at-home mom for about 15 years, my kids were all in school and it felt like the right time to go back to work," Budde said. "I graduated from high school with Jim Brooks and he mentioned an opening in the development office. My son was a sophomore at CJ and I was a parent volunteer, so I was familiar with CJ and decided to apply for the position."
Budde began her time at CJ in the development office when, now president, Dan Meixner '84 was the development director.
"In the summer of 1998 I interviewed for the administrative assistant to the president position and was hired," Budde reflected. "I've held that position until now."
Budde has been essential in the planning of the President's Dinner each year and the school's scholarship program. She has also volunteered at the CJ Reunion Weekend and has shared a smile with anyone who visits the Welcome Center. During the 2014 Distinguished Alumni awards, Budde was named to the Honorary Alumni.
When asked what she will miss the most, Budde said, "The people, of course! I've met some amazing people over the almost 23 years I've been at CJ who have influenced my life and made it better. There will definitely be a hole in my life when I don't get to see them every day.
"I'd like to thank all the wonderful people I've worked with over the years for making my journey so special," Budde continued. "I love CJ and it will be forever in my heart."
Friends and former students shared their well wishes for Budde on the CJ Facebook and CJ Alumni Facebook pages. Here are just some of their comments:
- Julie Sears Chmiel: Congratulations Cindy. Enjoy!
- Heather Zobrist Cuthrell: Congratulations! Enjoy your retirement!!
- Rosie Drummer Miller: Congratulations Cindy. Thanks for your many years of awesome service.
- Dan Redmond: Congrats! Thanks for your commitment!
- Ann Shock: CJ is going to miss you. Enjoy your well deserved retirement!
- Shannon Ramsay Speelman: Congrats! Enjoy your next journey in life!
Posted April 20, 2017


text:
Research Article | Open Access
Yusuke Yoshiyasu, Nobutoshi Yamazaki, "Pose Space Surface Manipulation", International Journal of Computer Games Technology, vol. 2012, Article ID 596953, 13 pages, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/596953
Pose Space Surface Manipulation
Example-based mesh deformation techniques produce natural and realistic shapes by learning the space of deformations from examples. However, skeleton-based methods cannot manipulate a global mesh structure naturally, whereas the mesh-based approaches based on a translational control do not allow the user to edit a local mesh structure intuitively. This paper presents an example-driven mesh editing framework that achieves both global and local pose manipulations. The proposed system is built with a surface deformation method based on a two-step linear optimization technique and achieves direct manipulations of a model surface using translational and rotational controls. With the translational control, the user can create a model in natural poses easily. The rotational control can adjust the local pose intuitively by bending and twisting. We encode example deformations with a rotation-invariant mesh representation which handles large rotations in examples. To incorporate example deformations, we infer a pose from the handle translations/rotations and perform pose space interpolation, thereby avoiding involved nonlinear optimization. With the two-step linear approach combined with the proposed multiresolution deformation method, we can edit models at interactive rates without losing important deformation effects such as muscle bulging.
1. Introduction
Editing and animation of character models is an important task in computer graphics. The user, in general, demands the editing procedure to be interactive and intuitive. However, the ability to pose a model naturally and realistically is equally important for a character modeling system. Example-based techniques are a promising approach to improve the realism of interactive editing techniques. Pose space deformation (PSD) [1] is a skeleton-based approach which animates the model using skeletons and then corrects the resulting surface to conform to example shapes. In PSD, corrective displacements, the differences between a skinning surface and examples, are interpolated in pose space formed by joint angles. These displacements are then added to the skinning surface. While this method can model deformation effects such as muscle bulging, editing the pose of the model naturally is difficult and tedious as the number of joints increases.
In contrast, the mesh-based inverse kinematics (MeshIK) technique [2, 3] can pose a model meaningfully by just translating a few vertices of the mesh. Instead of interpolating corrective displacements, MeshIK interpolates local deformations called deformation gradients. It automatically determines interpolation weights from the user-specified position constraints through nonlinear optimization. Because of this iterative process, it is time consuming for this method to edit a large model. Moreover, while MeshIK can edit the global pose naturally, it is counterintuitive to manipulate the local pose via translation; bending and twisting are more intuitive in this case.
In this paper, we present an example-driven mesh deformation technique that allows us not only to edit a global pose naturally but also to adjust a local pose precisely. Our system provides both translational and rotational controls to deform a model. By translating handle vertices, the user can produce a model in natural poses easily. By applying rotations to handle triangles, the user can bend and twist the model as if manipulating a joint. To this end, we formulate the problem by inferring a pose from handle translations/rotations and using a two-step linear surface optimization technique that is based on a linear rotation-invariant mesh representation. The benefits of this formulation are as follows: (1) it is straightforward to incorporate translational and rotational constraints; (2) it achieves rotation invariance and thus is applicable to examples that involves large deformations (rotations and bending); (3) it avoids time-consuming nonlinear optimization. In combination with the proposed multiresolution approach, we can edit high-resolution meshes at interactive rates while retaining important deformation effects such as muscle bulging.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we briefly review-related work. We provide an overview of our system in Section 3. We then describe our basic deformation framework in Section 4. In Section 5, we explain our PSD technique. Section 6 shows our multiresolution method. We demonstrate our method and show our results in Section 7. Finally, we conclude our work in Section 8.
2. Related Work
Pose Space Deformation
Pose space deformation (PSD) [1] is an example-based deformation method that corrects the artifacts of skeletal subspace deformation (SSD) and models subtle surface deformation, such as muscle bulging. This method is thought of as a combination of SSD and shape interpolation (morphing). In PSD, an initial mesh is first computed by SSD. This is then corrected by adding corrective displacements. These displacements, regarded as differences between SSD and examples, are interpolated such that they can properly correct the SSD surface in an arbitrary pose. Kry et al. [4] compressed corrective displacements using PCA to make them more compact. Kurihara and Miyata [5] introduced weighted pose space deformation to achieve PSD from a limited number of examples. Weber et al. [6] showed that the use of differential surface deformation in the PSD framework improves the quality of the result. They represented corrections with rotations and integrated them by solving a Poisson system. Wang et al. [7] introduced a similar method to [6] using a regression model.
Incorporating Real Dataset
To create realistic animation, some methods [8–11] use range scanned data as examples. Allen et al. [8] captured 3D shapes of body parts in different poses and animated them using a k-nearest neighbor approach. Anguelov et al. [9] and Hasler et al. [10] developed statistical human models that can create new human models with different body shapes and poses.
Linear Surface Deformation
Linear differential surface deformation methods (see, e.g., [12–14] and a well-organized survey [15]) deform a mesh by manipulating handle points or triangles, which provide position or transformation constraints, while preserving original details. The problem with these methods is the deformation of the model must be known beforehand to obtain the deformed vertex positions. Therefore, explicit methods [14, 16, 17] propagate user-specified transformations to other regions of the mesh. The problem of this approach is the translation-insensitivity: this approach cannot avoid shearing distortions when pure translations are applied, because there is no change in orientation. On the other hand, implicit methods [13] linearly approximate transformations. This approach fails when handles are moved largely, because, in 3D, the approximation is only valid for small rotation angles. In 2D, however, we can completely determine transformations linearly. Igarashi et al. [18] exploits this fact and proposed a 2D deformation method that works for large translations, based on a two-step as-rigid-as possible deformation framework. Two-step optimization methods in 3D, based on a linear rotation-invariant mesh representation [10, 12, 19], optimize transformations first and then optimize positions. Because these methods optimize rotations and positions separately, they are also translation insensitive.
Nonlinear Surface Deformation
In contrast, nonlinear methods solve these problems by iteratively optimizing both positions and transformations and thus work for large deformations at the cost of additional computations [20–22]. The main criteria for optimizing vertex positions are rigidity, smoothness, and user-specified position constraints. The optimization problem is solved either using the Gauss-Newton method [23] or through a local/global approach [22, 24]. Kilian et al. [25], in contrast, introduced an interesting approach that formulates the optimization as a path problem instead of deforming the reference shape. To improve performance, recent methods [23, 24, 26–29] incorporate skeleton/space deformation to form a subspace. These methods are, therefore, scalable in mesh size, that is, the computational cost does not depend on the number of vertices. Consequently, they can edit a large model in real time. Our method also utilizes a subspace method, but we not only increase the speed but also compress example deformations.
Mesh-Based Inverse Kinematics
The mesh-based inverse kinematics (MeshIK) system edits a mesh by manipulating handle points while constraining deformation in example space [2]. Although this method can pose a mesh meaningfully only by moving a few handles, it is expensive to edit a large mesh due to the nonlinear optimization it solves. The computational performance of MeshIK can be improved with the use of the reduced deformable model [3], but it loses deformation effects, for example, muscle bulging. In addition, because the feature vector used in MeshIK is not rotation invariant, there is the risk of producing erroneous results if the orientations and poses of examples differ significantly, as shown in Figure 4.
Deformation Transfer
Deformation transfer [30] is another related class of techniques that literally transfers deformation of one model to another to change the pose. In fact, as pointed out by Botsch et al. [31], this method solves exactly the same Poisson system as the deformation method of [14]. Semantic deformation transfer [32] allows the transfer to drastically different characters that move in unique ways. Like our method, they interpolate a rotation-invariant mesh representation, but the interpolation weights come from the projection of a new model to the example space. In contrast, our method manipulates a surface with handle translations/rotations and computes interpolation weights from them.
Our method is most similar to the variational PSD proposed by Weber et al. [6] and MeshIK proposed by Sumner et al. [2] in the sense that it formulates an example-based deformation technique using differential surface representation. However, we use the rotation-invariant mesh representation. Thus, our method can handle large rotations robustly. In addition, we allow the user to specify both translational and rotational constraints to deform a model. This enables us to edit both global and local poses of the model.
3. Overview
Our goal is to develop a mesh editing system that can manipulate a pose of the model both globally and locally. An overview of our method is depicted in Figure 1. We provide a translational control to achieve global pose editing (Figure 1(a)) and a rotational control for local pose editing (Figure 1(b)).
Our method is based on pose space interpolation and a two-step surface optimization method. The workflow is depicted in Figure 1(c). Prior to deformation, examples are encoded and stored as the rotation-invariant mesh representation. To achieve deformation, the user selects a set of vertices or triangles called handles. If a certain region on the mesh should be kept fixed, the user specifies the fixed region (blue), which is not affected by the examples. From handle translations or rotations, we infer a pose of a model (Section 5.1). When editing with the translational control, the user specifies a coordinate frame and handle vertices on the mesh. The pose is evaluated as relative positions of handles in the local coordinate frame. When editing with the rotational control, the user places a pair of handle triangles called virtual joint. The pose is evaluated as relative rotations between them. Once we have the pose, we then interpolate example deformations in pose space (Section 5.2). The deformed vertex coordinates are obtained using a two-step optimization approach. First, we optimize transformations (Section 4.2.1). Next, we optimize vertex positions from the resulting transformations. Finally, we perform multiresolution deformation to edit high resolution meshes (Section 6).
3.1. Notations
Inputs to our system are the base mesh and example meshes. The base mesh is in the rest pose, and the example meshes are provided in the form of additional geometries (the connectivity is shared with all the examples). Each mesh consists of vertices and triangles. We denote the indices of a vertex and a triangle as and , respectively. We denote the index of an edge between triangle and by , where is the number of triangle pairs. The vertex position is defined by , and it is concatenated into an matrix, . Also, we denote vertices by after deformation.
4. Basic Deformation Framework
Our system is based on the pose space deformation framework that is thought of as a combination of surface deformation and shape interpolation. To integrate these two effectively, we use a two-step optimization method based on a rotation-invariant mesh representation similar to those proposed in [12, 19]. This formulation makes it straightforward to incorporate both translational and rotational constraints. We refer to our rotation-invariant representation as rotation-invariant encoding that is computed from a local deformation called the deformation gradient. In this section, we first describe derivations of these representations. Next, we explain the reconstruction process of vertex positions from these representations. Finally, we introduce surface manipulation tools: handle-based surface deformation and shape interpolation.
4.1. Basic Shape Representation
4.1.1. Deformation Gradient
Consider triangle with its three vertices before and after deformation: and . Given edge vectors before and after deformation, and , we can approximate the deformation gradient by where is the pseudoinverse of edge vectors before deformation. Thus, the computation of deformation gradients can be achieved linearly from vertex positions after deformation . Using a deformation gradient operator , which contains the pseudoinverses of the edge vectors before deformation, we can compute by
4.1.2. Rotation-Invariant Encoding
The deformation gradient is translation invariant but not rotation invariant, which means that it is affected by global rotations. To address this issue, we first decompose the deformation gradient into rotation and scale/shear components by polar decomposition, that is, (Figure 2). Note that the scale/shear component is already rotation invariant, but is not. To achieve rotation invariance, we compute the relative rotation from the absolute rotations of two adjacent triangles, and , as follows: We call and rotation-invariant encoding because they encode changes in surface details and are invariant under the global rotation.
4.2. Reconstruction
To reconstruct vertex positions from rotation-invariant encodings, we solve two sparse linear systems. We use the penalty method [33] to enforce rotation/position constraints. Although the use of the penalty method can only provide approximate constraint satisfaction, it can produce sufficiently close results to the exact method by setting the penalty weight sufficiently high [33]. On the other hand, if we use small values for penalty weights, the deformed mesh does not necessarily conform to handle positions. This flexibility is useful in our pose space surface deformation framework such that the user can adjust deformations to satisfy position constraints exactly or to conform to example deformations. Using a small weight, we can avoid local distortions around handles, caused by the deviation of the pose from the interpolation range.
4.2.1. Rotation Optimization
To compute the new absolute rotation from the relative encoding , we rewrite (3) as follows: By gathering this equation for all the triangle pairs in the mesh, we can write this with a sparse linear system in the following form: where is a identity matrix and the size of is . When achieving surface deformation, rotation constraints are applied to the set of triangles that include . Thus, the absolute rotations are optimized such that they satisfy both (5) and the rotation constraints. In general, there is no exact solution for this, and thus we need a least-squares approximation, that is, (5) becomes . Using the penalty method [33], the problem is formulated as follows: where is the weight of rotation constraints; is a matrix of rotation constraints containing transposed target rotations at to rows if , and otherwise 0; is a diagonal matrix containing 1 at to rows if , and otherwise 0. With , we can choose actual rotations that can be constrained to target rotations as follows: where is a identity matrix. Note that must be constructed and factorized once for every frame, which is somewhat costly for a large mesh.
Having obtained , we perform matrix orthonormalization using SVD to factor out undesired shears. We then compute the new deformation gradient by . Note that we do not allow the user to use scale constraints in our method. Thus, comes only from the result of shape interpolation (Section 4.3.2). For a detail-preserving deformation, is omitted (Section 4.3.1).
4.2.2. Vertex Optimization
Once the deformation gradients are obtained, we can reconstruct vertex coordinates by solving (2). Equation (2) is solved in a weighted least-square sense: where is a diagonal weight matrix containing the areas of the triangles [15]. As indicated by Botsch et al. [31], is equivalent to the Laplace Bertrami operator , which can be computed directly from the cotangent weights [34]. In contrast to , is factorized once for all the frames, which requires only back substitution and is, therefore, very efficient. When a set of position constraints, , is provided, this is solved via the penalty method, which leads to the following system: where is the weight for position constraints; is a matrix containing target positions at row if , and otherwise 0; is a diagonal matrix having 1 at row if , and otherwise 0. Like , we can choose vertices that should be constrained to the target positions using as follows:
4.3. Surface Manipulation Tools
In this section, we introduce two basic surface manipulation tools for formulating our pose space deformation.
4.3.1. Handle-Based Surface Deformation
To deform a surface, we specify handle vertices/triangles on the mesh and apply translations/rotations to them (Figure 3). In addition, if a certain region on the mesh should be kept fixed, the user specifies the fixed region. To obtain the deformed vertices , we solve sparse linear systems (6) and (8). Note that, because we optimize rotations and vertices separately, rotation constraints and translation constraints should be compatible with each other, otherwise, it produces distortions.
4.3.2. Shape Interpolation
The advantage of performing interpolation using the rotation-invariant encoding is that it is robust to large rotations. However, when simply interpolating the components of , it leads to the artifacts which can be seen in the linear blend skinning. One practical way to correctly interpolating rotations is to map them to using the matrix logarithm, interpolate linearly in , and map back to using the matrix exponential [2, 7, 10, 17, 32]. To achieve this, we use Rodrigues' formula and convert into an axis angle representation (rotation vector) which is a compact form of log , however, can be interpolated directly. Note that, when linearly interpolating matrix logarithms, the interpolation path is not the shortest path, which introduces error. This error is minimal when the rotation is small, that is, the rotation is close to the identity. Therefore, we encode deformation gradients and rotation-invariant encodings relative to the rest pose [6, 32]. As a result, when we encode the rest pose, is the identity for all triangle pairs.
We concatenate into a matrix, . Likewise, a symmetric matrix is flattened to and concatenated into a matrix, . Interpolation of the rotation-invariant encodings of meshes is achieved with a simple weighted combination. The interpolated values and are obtained from the following: where is the weight for example , which satisfies . After converting and to matrix form, the deformed vertex positions are obtained by solving (6) and (8). We constrain one of the rotations to an identity matrix when solving (6) and fix one of the positions when solving (8).
Interpolation Properties
The rotation-invariant encoding is robust-to-extreme orientation differences of input models [12, 19, 32]. To show this, we compared the interpolation results using rotation-invariant encodings and using deformation gradients (Figure 4). Given two meshes, and , which are in extremely different orientations, we create the intermediate steps between them. Let , , and , be rotation-invariant encodings of two meshes. Then, we can perform interpolation with and . The interpolation of deformation gradients is performed in the same manner except that the rotations are represented in absolute world coordinates. If triangle orientations differ by more than 180 degrees, there is ambiguity in interpolating deformation gradients. Because of this ambiguity, the result using deformation gradients is distorted around the foot, as shown in Figure 4. Shape interpolation using rotation-invariant encodings does not suffer from this ambiguity and produces a natural result.
5. Pose Space Surface Manipulation
Now, we are ready to formulate our pose space surface manipulation technique by unifying the handle-based surface deformation and shape interpolation methods described in the previous section. To integrate these two, rotation-invariant encodings must be altered according to handle movements, that is, a technique to associate handle translations/rotations with interpolation weights must be developed.
5.1. Pose Estimation
To obtain interpolation weights, the original MeshIK [2] solves nonlinear optimization to determine the weights from handle positions. We, in turn, compute interpolation weights from the handle translations/rotations based on pose space interpolation. This allows us to avoid involved nonlinear optimization and to incorporate both translational/rotational controls.
To evaluate the pose of the model, we need the measure that is rotation invariant. To this end, we compute relative positions and rotations from handles (Figure 5).
When editing with the translational control, the user places a coordinate frame and handle vertices on the mesh. The frame is placed on a triangle that exists around the trunk of the model and is used to form a local coordinate to compute relative positions of handles. This way, we can eliminate the effect of global rotations and can evaluate the pose successfully. In addition, our system allows the user to manipulate global orientation and position of the model by rotating and translating the frame.
When editing with the rotational control, the user places a pair of handle triangles called virtual joint. The virtual joint consists of parent, which is placed on the proximal segment, and child, which is placed on the distal segment. The user applies rotations to the child triangle whereas the parent triangle is not manipulated. To apply rotations, the user places a frame on a triangle that exists near the actual joint center in order to use its centroid as a rotation center. By rotating the frame, we can achieve twisting easily. By dragging the child triangle around the frame, bending is achieved. The pose is evaluated as a relative rotation between the virtual joint, which is represented as Euler angles.
5.2. Pose Space Deformation
Next, we compute the interpolation weights from the pose using a scattered data interpolation method. The interpolation weights are obtained by evaluating the pose computed from handle translations/rotations, in the pose space formed by example poses. We would like to compute the interpolation weights such that they satisfy the following criteria.(1)At an example point, the weight for that example must be one, and all other weights must be zero.(2)The weights must add up to 1.(3)The weight must change continuously to produce smooth animation.(4)The absolute value of the weight must be small to avoid excessive exaggeration of deformation.
For this task, we use -nearest-neighbors interpolation [8] because it satisfies all of the above criteria and returns the weights within the range [0–1]. This method chooses the closest example points and assigns weights based on the proximity (distance). All other example points are assigned a weight of zero. Before normalization, the weights for each examples are computed as This is then normalized to sum to one. is the distance to the th example and the is the distance to the nearest point. We use in this paper.
Let be the index of handle vertex or virtual joint. Then, the pose is defined by a vector, , that contains relative positions or relative rotations. The distance between an arbitrary pose and example is defined as follows: where is a pose of example .
After computing interpolation weights, we use (10) to obtain new rotation-invariant encodings. The new vertices are calculated by solving (6) and (8). When editing with translational controls, we constrain the rotation of triangle where the frame is placed, to the frame orientation relative to the rest pose. When editing with rotational controls, at least one vertex must be fixed to provide position constraints.
6. Multiresolution Deformation
By incorporating examples, our method can edit the model naturally and capture deformation effects such as muscle bulging. However, solving two large linear systems is still relatively time consuming, mainly due to the rotation optimization, which requires performing factorization for every frame. In addition, it requires a relatively large memory space ( for and for ). To make our representation more compact and to speed up the computation, we use a multiresolution approach.
Our observation is that, if we layer a surface with a coarse mesh and fine details, then deformation induced by pose changes mainly affects the underlying coarse mesh and has little effect on the fine details. In fact, Weber et al. [6] reported that deformation behaviors of a character tend to have a low-frequency nature. They then used this fact to make example deformations more compact using a method similar to the geometry compression proposed in [35]. We, in turn, take a multiresolution approach using coarse meshes to compress example deformations. We compute rotation-invariant encodings from coarse meshes and perform PSD with them. We then add original fine details to the deformed coarse mesh to obtain a dense output model.
Inspired by Sumner et al. [23], we employ linear blend skinning to decouple a dense mesh into a coarse mesh and fine-details. Here, we represent the vertex position of the coarse mesh by , an affine transformation by , and a translation vector by . The deformed vertex is obtained as follows: where is the number of vertices in the coarse mesh, and is a weight for vertex represents the extent to which is influenced by .
To compute the weight , we use harmonic interpolation [16] as opposed the Euclid distance-based weighting method [23]. This eliminates distortions caused by assigning large weights to the vertices that are geodesically distant. As for the boundary condition, vertex is assigned the value , and all other vertices in the coarse mesh are assigned the value . If the harmonic value is , then we replace it with 0 so that we can reduce memory space. The values are then normalized such that their sum is 1.
To construct a coarse mesh, we use a variant of the quadratic mesh simplification method (Qslim) [36]. Because Qslim only considers a static shape, the resulting coarse mesh is not suitable for deformation. For example, if we apply Qslim to a character model with its knee extended, then we would lose vertices around the knee. This loss would be a problem when we want to bend the knee. To solve this problem, we modify Qslim slightly by computing the error metric using all the examples. This method is similar to that proposed in [37], but we do not move the vertices during edge collapse; thus, we can easily specify boundary conditions of harmonic interpolation.
Incorporating the above technique into the pose space surface manipulation framework is straightforward. We prepare coarse examples and store their rotation-invariant encodings. We also store harmonic weights and fine details that are the vectors emanating from the vertex of a coarse mesh to that of a dense mesh, . We then perform PSD using those values. Once the result using coarse meshes is obtained, fine details are added using (13). Unlike [23], who place them on the dense mesh, we place handles directly on the coarse mesh. However, we found that the manipulation of handles on a coarse mesh of around 1k triangles retains sufficient freedom for interactive mesh editing.
7. Results
We implemented the pose space surface manipulation technique on an Intel Core2 Quad Q9400 2.66 GHz machine. We used the sparse Cholesky solver provided with the CHOLMOD [38] library. We found that the range worked well for all the examples presented in this paper. In contrast, we provide a wider range of .
Interactive Editing
In the accompanying video, we show use cases of the pose space surface manipulation framework for interactive editing of mesh models. Figure 6 demonstrates how our method edits a model using both translational and rotational control. By translating the handles on the feet, we can pose the horse (1k triangles) naturally (Figure 6(a)). Once the overall pose is determined, the user manipulates the part of the model with the rotational control (Figure 6(b)). The blue region is frozen so that deformations remain local.
Using our translational editing method, we can create animation sequences. As shown in Figure 7, we can create walking elephant (30k triangles) from 6 coarse examples (1k triangles) by translating handles on the feet. We can also pose the performer (dense: 20k triangles, coarse: 1k triangles) in a running sequence by moving the handles on the feet (Figure 8).
Figure 9 demonstrates the applicability of our method to highly nonrigid objects such as a cloth. We used 14 examples (1k triangles) created by a simulation. We fixed the top edge of a model and placed a frame on the top-left corner. By just dragging the handle on the bottom right corner, we can animate the cloth realistically.
Figure 10 demonstrates the ability of our method to accomplish twisting. We placed handle triangles on the upper arm and shoulder blade. We manipulate the frame placed on the triangle which is near the joint center. The rotational control is more intuitive for controlling shoulder movements than the translational control. Even for these challenging cases involving twisting and bending, our method can produce natural results.
Handle Locations and Sizes
In Figure 11, we evaluated the sensitivity of our method to the locations of triangles. Our method works when the handle triangle is distally or proximally placed in the segment (Figure 11(b) and 11(c)). Even when the handle is placed on the region where it is deformed by muscle bulging, pose space interpolation was successfully achieved (Figure 11(d)). Although we recommend placing the triangles in the middle of the segments, our method works robustly as long as child and parent triangles are placed on different segments. Our method works even when the triangle is placed far from the virtual joint. However, it is somewhat difficult for the user to manipulate the triangle in this case; because joints exist between the triangle and the virtual joint, the distance between the triangle and the virtual joint changes during dragging and the model will deform unexpectedly. In this case, the translational control is more suitable and easy to use. In addition, the size of the triangle is also important. If the size of the triangle is so small and its orientation changes drastically with high-frequency deformations, then the pose space interpolation will probably introduce large approximation errors. For the examples presented in this paper, however, pose space interpolation is successfully achieved because we manipulate relatively large triangles that is on a coarse mesh with around 1k triangles.
In Figure 12, we compare our method using rotational controls with the transformation propagation approach of Zayer et al. [16]. As expected, our method is more realistic where the elbow bends sharply, and the biceps bulges naturally, whereas the transformation propagation method just deforms the model smoothly. In Figure 13, we compared our method with the material modulation approach [17]. Although material modulation exploits the examples, it is difficult to control details precisely because it only computes a weight per vertex from all examples and does not account for pose changes. The result of our method looks nearly identical to the ground truth. We also quantitatively compared our method with [17]. We measured the error defined by the mean distance between the deformed model and the ground truth, which was normalized by the bounding box diagonal. Our method is more accurate than [17] where the error of our method is approximately 1.5% of the bounding box diagonal whereas that of [17] is 5.8%.
Next, we compared our method using translational controls with MeshIK [2]. When the pose is in the example space, our method is on par with MeshIK (compare Figure 14 of this paper and Figure 5 of [2]). As with MeshIK, our method fails when the pose is outside of the example space (Figure 14(a)). The advantage of our method is the applicability to the examples with large bending (Figure 15); this is, important when editing models that have tails, tentacles, and so forth. Since MeshIK uses deformation gradient (Def Grad) as its basic representation, which is defined in the absolute world coordinate, it results in the discontinuity artifact (Figure 15 top right). Our method based on a rotation-invariant mesh representation naturally deforms the model using the examples that involve large rotations and bending (Figure 15 bottom). The downside of our method is the lack of extrapolation capability due to the use of the distance-based interpolation method, which violates the smoothness around handles (Figure 14(c)). This can be avoided by incorporating an adequate number of example poses with extreme poses, since our method accepts examples with large bending. Another way to solve this problem is to use a small value for such that the deformed model conforms to example deformations by not obeying handle positions exactly (Figure 16).
Memory Consumptions
Storing rotation-invariant encodings requires a relatively large amount of memory. To solve this problem, we propose a multiresolution approach. In Figure 17, we show the morphing results of Horse in several mesh resolutions. With only 1k triangles, we can generate a result that is nearly identical to that of the original resolution (17k triangles). Using our multiresolution technique, the memory consumptions in this case can be reduced to at least 6% of the original without degrading the quality of the output.
In Table 1, we show the performance results. The most time consuming processes in our method are the rotation optimization and the subsequent matrix orthonormalization. Because the matrix is constructed from relative rotations computed after interpolation, the matrix must be factorized for every frame. For the rotation optimization of 17k mesh, construction and factorization of , and back substitution take 0.21 sec, 0.25 sec, and 0.027 sec, respectively. The matrix orthonormalization of absolute rotations using SVD also takes a relatively long time, which is about 0.5 sec for a 17k mesh. However, the vertex optimization is done very efficiently because the construction and factorization of is required once for all the frames, and we execute only back substitution during runtime. To summarize, without the multiresolution method, our method requires approximately 1 second to edit a 17k mesh.
|From left to right: Mesh size, number of examples, interpolation of rotation-invariant encodings, rotation optimization (construction and factorization of , and back substitution), vertex optimization (construction and factorization of , and back substitution), matrix ortho-normalization using SVD, conversion of a coarse mesh to a dense mesh. Timings in brackets are done during the preprocessing stage.
Using the multiresolution method, we can edit a mesh in an interactive rate. Our method requires approximately 0.1 sec to edit a 17k mesh and 0.2 sec to edit a 140k mesh. This is a significant speedup over the original MeshIK that requires approximately 1 sec to solve a single Gauss-Newton iteration to edit an 80k mesh [2].
Our method has limitations that need to be overcome. Although the use of the multiresolution method helps achieving interactive rates, fine details remain static. It is, therefore, difficult for our method to model complex deformation, for example, facial expressions generated by muscle contractions. Our method is probably suitable for large- and medium-scale deformation, and it is rather unfit for modeling small scale surface-detail deformations. Also, because we assign one interpolation weight for each example, our method do not accept the user to place many handles, for example, more than 10 or 20 handles. We believe that our global-to-local editing strategy based on translational/rotational controls works well for interactive posing of the model without using many handles, which can create a new shape in a wide range of poses. However, in the case where simultaneous manipulations of a large number of handles are required, for example, deforming the model using motion-capture data points, our method would fail to approximate deformations. This problem could be alleviated by using the weighted pose space deformation framework [5] to compute weights for each vertex instead of each example. Finally, our method lacks the extrapolation capability, which causes shear distortions when the pose is outside of the interpolation range. The ways to solve this problem may be to use a small weight for position constraints or to use examples with extreme poses.
8. Conclusion
Pose space surface manipulation is a novel example-based mesh editing technique that can deform the model naturally and that is able to adjust a pose locally. We provide both translational and rotational constraints to achieve direct manipulation of a surface to pose the model. Our method is reasonably efficient because, by inferring a pose from handles and by performing pose space interpolation, we are able to solve the problem with two linear systems, which avoids involved nonlinear optimization. With this two-step linear approach combined with the multiresolution deformation method, we achieve interactive rates without losing important deformation effects such as muscle bulging. The performance of our method would be further improved by a GPU implementation [11, 39]. It would be interesting to extend our method to edit other surface representations, such as multicomponent objects.
The authors would like to thank Brett Allen for the Arm and Shoulder datasets, Robert W. Sumner for the Elephant, Lion, Horse, and Cloth models, and Daniel Vlasic for the Performer model.
Supplementary Materials
The video shows use cases of the pose space surface manipulation framework for interactive editing of mesh models. Using the translational and rotational constraints, the pose space manipulation framework achieves both global and local pose manipulations.
- J. P. Lewis, M. Cordner, and N. Fong, "Pose space deformation: a unified approach to shape interpolation and skeleton-driven deformation," in Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH, pp. 165–172, July 2000. View at: Google Scholar
- R. W. Sumner, M. Zwicker, C. Gotsman, and J. Popovic, "Mesh-based inverse kinematics," in Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 488–495, August 2005. View at: Google Scholar
- K. G. Der, R. W. Sumner, and J. Popovic, "Inverse kinematics for reduced deformable models," in Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 1174–1179, August 2006. View at: Google Scholar
- P. G. Kry, D. L. James, and D. K. Pai, "Eigenskin: real time large deformation character skinning in hardware," in Proceedings of the ASM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation (SCA '02), pp. 153–159, July 2002. View at: Google Scholar
- T. Kurihara and N. Miyata, "Modeling deformable human hands from medical images," in Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation (SCA '04), pp. 355–363, 2004. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- O. Weber, O. Sorkine, Y. Lipman, and C. Gotsman, "Context-aware skeletal shape deformation," Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 265–274, 2007. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- R. Y. Wang, K. Pulli, and J. Popovic, "Real-time enveloping with rotational regression," ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 26, no. 3, Article ID 1276468, 2007. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- B. Allen, B. Curless, and Z. Popovic, "Articulated body deformation from range scan Data," ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 612–619, 2002. View at: Google Scholar
- D. Anguelov, P. Srinivasan, D. Koller, S. Thrun, J. Rodgers, and J. Davis, "Scape: shape completion and animation of people," ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 24, no. 3, 2005. View at: Google Scholar
- N. Hasler, C. Stoll, M. Sunkel, B. Rosenhahn, and H. P. Seidel, "A statistical model of human pose and body shape," Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 337–346, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- B. Bickel, M. Lang, M. Botsch, M. Otaduy, and M. Gross, "Pose-space animation and transfer of facial details," in Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 57–66, July 2008. View at: Google Scholar
- Y. Lipman, O. Sorkine, D. Levin, and D. Cohen-Or, "Linear rotation-invariant coordinates for meshes," in Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 479–487, August 2005. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- O. Sorkine, D. Cohen-Or, Y. Lipman, M. Alexa, C. Rossl, and H. P. Seidel, "Laplacian surface editing," in Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on Geometry Processing (SGP '04), pp. 175–184, July 2004. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- Y. Yu, K. Zhou, D. Xu et al., "Mesh editing with poisson-based gradient field manipulation," ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 644–651, 2004. View at: Google Scholar
- M. Botsch and O. Sorkine, "On linear variational surface deformation methods," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 213–230, 2008. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- R. Zayer, C. Rossl, Z. Karni, and H. P. Seidel, "Harmonic guidance for surface deformation," in Proceedings of the Eurographics, 2005. View at: Google Scholar
- T. Popa, D. Julius, and A. Sheffer, "Material-aware mesh deformations," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications (SMI '06), p. 22, June 2006. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- T. Igarashi, T. Moscovich, and J. F. Hughes, "As-rigid-as-possible shape manipulation," ACM Transactions on Computer Graphics, vol. 24, no. 3, 2005. View at: Google Scholar
- S. Kircher and M. Garland, "Free-form motion processing," ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2008. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- O. K. C. Au, C. L. Tai, L. Liu, and H. Fu, "Dual laplacian editing for meshes," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 386–395, 2006. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- V. Kraevoy and A. Sheffer, "Mean-value geometry encoding," International Journal of Shape Modeling, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 29–46, 2006. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- O. Sorkine and M. Alexa, "As-rigid-as-possible surface modeling," in Proceedings of the EUROGRAPHICS/ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Geometry Processing (SGP '07), 2007. View at: Google Scholar
- R. W. Sumner, J. Schmid, and M. Pauly, "Embedded deformation for shape manipulation," ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 26, no. 3, Article ID 1276478, 2007. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- M. Ben-Chen, O. Weber, and C. Gotsman, "Variational harmonic maps for space deformation," ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 28, no. 3, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- M. Kilian, N. J. Mitra, and H. Pottmann, "Geometric modeling in shape space," Acm Transactions on Graphics, vol. 26, no. 3, Article ID 1276457, 2007. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- O. K. C. Au, H. Fu, C. L. Tai, and D. Cohen-Or, "Handle-aware isolines for scalable shape editing," Acm Transactions on Graphics, vol. 26, no. 3, Article ID 1276481, 2007. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- M. Botsch, M. Pauly, M. Gross, and L. Kobbelt, "PriMo: coupled prisms for intuitive surface modeling," in Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing (SGP '06), pp. 11–20, 2006. View at: Google Scholar
- J. Huang, X. Shi, X. Liu et al., "Subspace gradient domain mesh deformation," in Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 1126–1134, August 2006. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- X. Shi, K. Zhou, Y. Tong, M. Desbrun, H. Bao, and B. Guo, "Mesh puppetry: cascading optimization of mesh deformation with inverse kinematics," ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 26, no. 3, Article ID 1276479, 2007. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- R. W. Sumner and J. Popovic, "Deformation transfer for triangle meshes," in Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 399–405, August 2004. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- M. Botsch, R. Sumner, M. Pauly, and M. Gross, "Deformation transfer for detail-preserving surface editing," in Proceedings of the Vision, Modeling and Visualization, pp. 357–364, 2006. View at: Google Scholar
- I. Baran, D. Vlasic, E. Grinspun, and J. Popovic, "Semantic deformation transfer," ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 28, no. 3, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- K. Xu, H. Zhang, D. Cohen-Or, and Y. Xiong, "Dynamic harmonic fields for surface processing," Computers and Graphics, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 391–398, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- U. Pinkall and K. Polthier, "Computing discrete minimal surfaces and their conjugates," Experimental Mathematics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 15–36, 1993. View at: Google Scholar
- O. Sorkine, D. Cohen-Or, D. Irony, and S. Toledo, "Geometry-aware bases for shape approximation," IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 171–180, 2005. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
- M. Garland and P. S. Heckbert, "Surface simplification using quadric error metrics," in Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH Conference on Computer Graphics, pp. 209–216, August 1997. View at: Google Scholar
- A. Mohr and M. Gleicher, "Deformation sensitive decimation," Tech. Rep., 2003. View at: Google Scholar
- Y. Chen, T. Davis, W. Harger, and S. Rajamanickam, "Algorithm 8xx: CHOLMOD, supernodal sparse cholesky factorizationand update/downdate," Tech. Rep. TR-2006-005, 2006. View at: Google Scholar
- T. Rhee, J. P. Lewis, and U. Neumann, "Real-time weighted pose-space deformation on the gpu," in Proceedings of the Eurographics, 2006. View at: Google Scholar
Copyright © 2012 Yusuke Yoshiyasu and Nobutoshi Yamazaki. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
A German Shepherd from Buffalo, N.Y., is lucky to be alive today after he fell into a sinkhole early Sunday morning.
Owner Mattie Moore and her Shepherd Mack were taking their normal two-hour stroll around Buffalo's Martin Luther King, Jr. Park when they came across a large puddle in their path. Hoping to get around the standing water, Moore and Mack stepped on a patch of grass next to the path. Suddenly, the ground beneath Moore's feet gave way and she fell into a large sinkhole.
As Moore struggled to pull herself from the sinkhole, Mack ran to his owner's side. But just as Moore was able to hoist herself out of danger, poor Mack fell.
"He thought something was wrong," Moore tells The Buffalo News. "He comes up behind me and falls right in."
Moore heard a thud, a splash, and a whine as Mack hit the bottom of the sinkhole, about 10 feet deep into the earth. Moore says she couldn't believe what was happening.
"He was crying, I was crying, but I knew I had to stay calm because I didn't know what was going on," Moore tells WIVB.
Terrified, Moore pulled out her cell phone and called the police. Moments later, police officers and 13 members of the Buffalo Fire Department's Technical Rescue Team arrived at the scene.
"We are trained in these types of rescues," Battalion Chief Mark Hillery tells WKBW. "We have the equipment to perform these rescues. We just don't see them a lot."
Chief Hillery says that as he and his crew got to work trying to recover Mack from the sinkhole, Moore was almost inconsolable.
"She was frantic," he says. "You could tell she really loved her dog. She was crying. She was very emotional."
Though the firefighters tried to use a harness to secure Mack and pull him from the sinkhole, it was clear the rescue was going nowhere. Someone would have to climb down into the earth next to the frightened German Shepherd if they had a hope of getting Mack out of his precarious situation.
That's when firefighter and animal lover Mike Paveljack volunteered. Making sure Mack was safe meant a lot to him because of his own life experiences with dogs.
"Late last year I lost a dog," Paveljack explains. "His name was Scooter and he was very important to my family. So I could see how the lady felt. So when our Chief asked for someone to get into a harness to go down and get this dog, I jumped at the opportunity."
Rescuers used wooden boards and a strategically placed tripod and rope system to distribute Paveljack's weight before lowering the brave firefighter into the sinkhole. Once down next to Mack, Paveljack and rescuers above were able to lift Mack to safety.
"The dog was very happy, we were quite ecstatic, and I know the owner was very very happy," Chief Hillery says.
"The dog was safe and she was going to go to church and say a prayer for us, so that's nice," Paveljack remembers. "And you feel appreciated."
As for Mack, his owner knows he was relieved to be out of that sinkhole.
"He was happy to be out," she says. "It was a beautiful thing. He was wagging his tail, looking at all the people."
City officials believe a collapsed sewer line may be to blame for the MLK Park sinkhole, but a full investigation is underway. For now, the dangerous hole remains covered.
Sources: The Buffalo News, WKBW, WIVB


text: Dear members, The new financial year is fast approaching, and with it comes our busiest time at the Witham Chamber of Commerce. As you have been made aware in previous correspondence, and at our monthly meetings, we will be sending out invoices for the payment of your annual membership renewals very soon. We are pleased […]Read post


text:
Farming Articles
Electricity Farming
Rural Architecture
Climatic Changes
Grains and Forage Crops
A Summer Hay Crop
Alfalfa And Alkali
Alfalfa And Bermuda
Alfalfa And Overflow
Alfalfa And Soil Depth
Alfalfa Hay And Soil Fertility
Alfalfa On Adobe
Alfalfa Sowing With Gypsum
Alfilaria And Winter Pasturage
Barley And Alfalfa
Barley On Moist Land
Beets And Potatoes
Beets For Stock
Bermuda Grass
Bermuda Objectionable
More from Grains and Forage Crops
One Thousand Questions In California Agriculture Answereds
- If Your Land Needs It At All
1/2 Pounds Gain In Weight Per Day
10 Cents A Hundred For Crushing And The Hauling
18 To 20 Inches Above The Ground
3/4 To 1 Pound Of Rolled Barley Or Corn For Each 100 Pounds Live Weight
4 Ounces Olive Oil She Will Recover After Parturition
50 Per Cent Was White While The Balance Was Yellow And Went To The Top
5:30 P M Being Fed At 7 A M?
A Dry Mash
A Free Martin
A Mangy Cow
A Neck-swelling
A Point On Mating
A Sterile Cow
Frosted Grain For Hay
The freeze struck us pretty severely. I had 125 acres of summer-fallowed
wheat which I had estimated to make 20 sacks to the acre of grain. It
was breast high in places already, and was just heading out. The frost
pinched the stalks of this grain in several places and the heads are now
turning white. It is ruined for grain. There is lots of fodder in it,
and it should be made into hay. If so, should it not be cut and cured at
once? What is the relative worth of such hay as compared with more
matured hay? Would the fact that it is frozen make it injurious to feed?
If the whole plant seems to be getting white, the sooner it is cut the
better. If the head is affected and the leaf growth continued, cutting
might be deferred for the purpose of getting more of it. Hay made from
such material will not be in any way dangerous, although it would be
inferior as containing less nutritive and more non-nutritive matter.
Such hay would seem to be most serviceable as roughage for cows or
steers in connection with alfalfa hay or some other feed which would
supply this deficiency.
Forage Plants In The Foothills
Clover For Wet Lands
Viewed 835