text:
Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Aortic Regurgitation After Transcatheter Aortic Valve ReplacementMeta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Literature
Author + information
- Received September 9, 2012
- Revision received January 14, 2013
- Accepted January 15, 2013
- Published online April 16, 2013.
Author Information
- Ganesh Athappan, MD⁎,†,
- Eshan Patvardhan, MD⁎,
- E. Murat Tuzcu, MD⁎,
- Lars Georg Svensson, MD, PhD‡,
- Pedro A. Lemos, MD§,
- Chiara Fraccaro, MD, PhD‖,
- Giuseppe Tarantini, MD, PhD‖,
- Jan-Malte Sinning, MD‖,
- Georg Nickenig, MD¶,
- Davide Capodanno, MD, PhD#,
- Corrado Tamburino, MD, PhD#,
- Azeem Latib, MD⁎⁎,
- Antonio Colombo, MD⁎⁎ and
- Samir R. Kapadia, MD⁎,⁎ (kapadis{at}ccf.org)
- ↵⁎Reprint requests and correspondence:
Dr. Samir R. Kapadia, Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, J2-3, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
Objectives This study was designed to establish the incidence, impact, and predictors of post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) aortic regurgitation (AR).
Background AR is an important limitation of TAVR with ill-defined predictors and unclear long-term impact on outcomes.
Methods Studies published between 2002 and 2012 with regard to TAVR were identified using an electronic search and reviewed using the random-effects model of DerSimonian and Laird. From 3,871 initial citations, 45 studies reporting on 12,926 patients (CoreValve [Medtronic CV Luxembourg S.a.r.l., Tolochenaz, Switzerland] n = 5,261 and Edwards valve [Edwards Lifesciences, Santa Ana, California] n = 7,279) were included in the analysis of incidence and outcomes of post-TAVR AR.
Results The pooled estimate for moderate or severe AR post-TAVR was 11.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.6 to 14.1). Moderate or severe AR was more common with use of the CoreValve (16.0% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.005). The presence of moderate or severe AR post-TAVR increased mortality at 30 days (odds ratio: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.73 to 5.02) and 1 year (hazard ratio: 2.27; 95% CI: −1.84 to 2.81). Mild AR was also associated with an increased hazard ratio for mortality, 1.829 (95% CI: 1.005 to 3.329) that was overturned by sensitivity analysis. Twenty-five studies reported on predictors of post-TAVR AR. Implantation depth, valve undersizing, and Agatston calcium score (r = 0.47, p = 0.001) were identified as important predictors.
Conclusions Moderate or severe aortic regurgitation is common after TAVR and an adverse prognostic indicator of short- and long-term survival. Incidence of moderate or severe AR is higher with use of the CoreValve. Mild AR may be associated with increased long-term mortality. Therefore, every effort should be made to minimize AR by a comprehensive pre-procedural planning and meticulous procedural execution.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a rapidly evolving technology that has been shown to be a durable alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis considered a high or prohibitive operative risk. In the randomized PARTNER (Placement of AoRTic TraNscathetER Valve Trial) trial (1,2), TAVR exceeded expectations by decreasing mortality and improving quality of life in patients at prohibitive risk of surgical aortic valve replacement. Fueled by these results that had earlier been replicated in large prospective registries (3–5), there has been an exponential increase in TAVR procedures across the globe with speculations of its extension to a low-risk population. However, despite the progress made, there remain several potential TAVR limitations that need to be minimized before implementing this approach in low-risk patients.
Aortic regurgitation (AR) remains a frequent complication of TAVR, with yet unexplained determinants and clinical consequences. Depending on the method of assessment (angiography vs. echocardiography, quantitative vs. semiquantitative), the reported prevalence of AR after TAVR varies from 40% to 67% (6–8) for trivial to mild leaks and from 7% to 20% (3,6–8) for moderate to severe leaks. What constitutes clinically significant valve regurgitation after TAVR is not fully established and is currently a matter of utmost importance. Earlier reports suggested that mild AR is benign and well tolerated (9). However, a recent study (10) revealed that even mild paravalvular leak is an adverse prognostic indicator. The limited yet concerning evidence against AR emphasizes the need for further investigation and to identify variables that can be modified to minimize paravalvular leak.
The objective of our meta-analysis was to identify all currently published literature to establish the incidence of post-procedural AR, its impact on outcomes after TAVR, and its predictors.
Study selection
We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on post-TAVR AR following the QUOROM (Quality of Reporting of Meta-Analysis) (11) and MOOSE (Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) (12) guidelines. We performed a computerized search to identify all relevant studies published from January 1, 2002, to May 5, 2012, in the PubMed database. We chose 2002 because that was the year that Dr. Cribier in Rouen, France, performed the first-in-human TAVR (13). The following search terms were used: TAVI, percutaneous valves, transcutaneous aortic valve, and transcatheter aortic valve. Citations were screened at the title and abstract level and retrieved as a full report if they reported on outcomes after TAVR. The search term regurgitation was then used in each retrieved paper to single out papers reporting data on post-procedural AR. Limiting the search parameters to the English language was applied subsequently. The full texts and bibliography of all potential articles also were reviewed in detail (G.A.) to seek additional relevant studies.
Inclusion criteria
Studies were included if the following criteria applied: 1) reported data on post-TAVR AR severity or predictors of AR or mortality outcomes based on AR severity; 2) reported to have enrolled consecutive patients; 3) performed a minimum of 30 successful TAVR procedures; and 4) enrollment for TAVR was based on existing and accepted guidelines. When 2 similar studies were reported from the same institution or author, the most recent publication or the publication with the most information on post-TAVR AR was included in the analysis.
Exclusion criteria
Studies were excluded if any of the following criteria applied: 1) duplicate publication, overlap of patients, subgroup studies of a main study; 2) lack of data on post-TAVR AR severity; 3) outcome of interests was not clearly reported or was impossible to extract or calculate from the published results; 4) they were studies on valve-in-valve procedure; and 5) a valve other than the CoreValve (Medtronic CV Luxembourg S.a.r.l., Tolochenaz, Switzerland) or Edwards valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Santa Ana, California) was used.
Post-Procedural AR
For the purpose of the current analysis, post-procedural AR included AR reported immediately after the procedure, AR at discharge, or AR at 30-day follow-up. AR: none = 0/4, mild = 1/4, moderate = 2/4, severe = 3 to 4/4.
Corevalve or Edwards Valve
A study that performed 80% or more of the TAVR procedures with either valve was subcategorized to the respective group. Studies with less than 80% predominance of either valve were excluded from the analysis of CoreValve versus Edwards valve. Individual data where provided were incorporated in the analysis irrespective of valve predominance.
Data extraction
Relevant information was collected and included but was not limited to first author, year and journal of publication, study design, inclusion exclusion criteria, definition of primary and secondary endpoints, number of subjects included, subjects undergoing successful TAVR, type of device and approach used, study population demographics, echocardiographic parameters post-TAVR, follow-up period, and primary and secondary outcomes.
Data Extraction: Mild AR
To date, only 2 studies (10,14) have reported data on the long-term outcome of mild AR post-TAVR. Therefore, to investigate the outcome of mild AR, we corresponded with trial authors and invited participation in our study. We contacted study authors who reported the outcome of AR post-TAVR. Authors from 4 groups responded. The responding authors analyzed their data and provided us with the hazard ratio (HR) of 1-year mortality for mild AR compared with no AR post-TAVR (4,14–16).
Study endpoints
The primary endpoints evaluated were: 1) overall incidences of moderate or severe AR post-TAVR; 2) effect of post-TAVR AR on 30-day and long-term mortality; and 3) predictors of AR. Secondary endpoints of interest were AR incidence stratified by valve used (CoreValve vs. Edwards valve) and by individual grades (none mild, moderate, or severe).
Statistical analysis
DerSimonian and Laird's random-effects model was used to pool the estimates of post-TAVR AR from individual studies and subgroups. A random-effects model also was used to obtain a single pooled estimate of the HRs, odds ratios (ORs), and correlation from the individual studies. The effect across subgroups was compared using a Q test based on analysis of variance. The odds function, where appropriate, was converted to a correlation. The HRs were estimated from the survival curves when not reported by the method proposed by Parmar et al. (17). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (2-tailed). Heterogeneity, which was anticipated to be significant, was assessed by a Q-statistic and I2 test. Significant heterogeneity was considered present for p values <0.10 or an I2 >50%. Sensitivity analysis was performed by deleting one study at a time and switching from a random-effects to a fixed-effects analysis. Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta Analysis Software Version 2 (18).
Through a search by keywords, 3,871 reports were identified and reviewed at title and abstract level (Fig. 1). Initial evaluation identified 1,180 publications that were further evaluated using the search term regurgitation. This narrowed the selection to 158 potential publications. Manual search of the bibliographies further identified 8 relevant publications. When the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 45 publications remained for assessment (3–5,10,14–16) (Online Refs. 1–38) of incidence and outcomes of post-TAVR AR and 25 publications remained for predictors of AR (15) (Online References 9,12,13,39–59). The 45 included publications had 2 randomized comparisons (10) (Online Ref. 25) and 43 observational studies (3–5,14–16) (Online Refs. 1–4,26–38).
All the studies included in the analysis were published between 2008 and 2012 (Table 1). Analysis was performed on 12,926 patients, the transfemoral/subclavian approach was used in 8,408 patients (65.1%), and the transapical/aortic approach was used in 3,995 patients (30.9%). The approach used was unavailable in 523 patients (4%) (14,16). The self-expanding CoreValve was implanted in 5,261 patients (40.7%), and the balloon-expandable Edwards valve was implanted in 7,279 patients (56.3%). Of the 45 publications, 42 studies (3–5,10,14–16) (Online Refs. 1–32,36–38) provided enough details on the primary endpoint of moderate or severe AR post-TAVR. The remaining 3 studies (Online Refs. 33–35) did not provide details on moderate AR but reported the incidence of severe AR post-TAVR.
The pooled estimate for overall incidence of moderate or severe AR was 11.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.6 to 14.1, I2 = 91.22, Q = 467.37) (Fig. 2). The Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) definitions were used in 12 papers (14,15) (Online Refs. 2,7,15,19,21,22,28,34,35,37). Pooled estimate of moderate or severe AR from papers that reported on the basis of VARC was 13.9% (95% CI: 9.8 to 19.3, I2 = 92.63, Q = 122.09) and without VARC definitions was 10.8% (95% CI: 8.5 to 13.7, I2 = 90.4, Q = 322.71). Papers that did not report on the basis of VARC failed to report the grading method or used the Sellers angiographic criteria or the American Society of Echocardiography/European Society of Endocrinology guidelines for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The incidence of AR reported by these reports did not differ significantly from reports using the VARC guidelines (Q = 1.35, p = 0.25).
The incidence of moderate or severe AR after CoreValve implantation was 16.0% (95% CI: 13.4 to 19.0, I2 = 74.81, Q = 59.56). The incidence of moderate or severe AR after Edwards valve implantation was 9.1% (95% CI: 6.2 to 13.1, I2 = 93.63, Q = 313.72). Moderate or severe AR was seen more often with the use of the self-expanding CoreValve (Q = 7.71, p = 0.005) (Fig. 3).
The overall pooled estimate was 1.6% (95% CI: 1.1 to 2.4, I2 = 80.48, Q = 194.63) for severe AR, 10.5% (95% CI: 8.4 to 13.1, I2 = 89.53, Q = 324.84) for moderate AR, 45.9% (95% CI: 40.8 to 51.0, I2 = 95.32, Q = 705.78) for mild/trivial AR, and 35.8% (95% CI: 30.0 to 42.0, I2 = 96.82, Q = 1,037.78) for none.
Our search for predictors of TAVR identified several publications on 3 major culprits (Table 2). The computed tomography-derived mean Agatston calcium score positively correlated with the development of post-TAVR moderate or severe AR with a pooled estimate of correlation being r = 0.47 (95% CI: 0.30 to 0.61, p = 0.001, I2 = 76.24, Q = 12.63). The other 2 predictive factors that were reported could not be pooled because of limited studies and variable reporting.
The overall 1-year mortality was unfavorable in patients with moderate or severe AR with an HR of 2.27 (95% CI: 1.84 to 2.81, p = 0.001, I2 = 26.02, Q = 10.81) (Fig. 4). The OR of 30-day mortality was increased in patients with moderate or severe AR post-TAVR, 2.95 (95% CI: 1.73 to 5.02, p = 0.001, I2 = 0, Q = 2.663). Mild AR post-TAVR was associated with significant mortality, with an HR of 1.829 (95% CI: 1.005 to 3.329, p = 0.048, I2 = 75.28, Q = 16.18) (Fig. 5). The analysis was performed on 1,620 patients across 5 individual studies.
We explored the robustness of our findings by omitting one study at a time or outlier studies and switching our meta-analysis model from a random- to a fixed-effects analysis. There was no change in the summary effects by either analysis other than for mild AR. The pooled HR for mortality with mild AR became insignificant on removal of the studies by Lemos et al. (14), Kodali et al. (10), Sinning et al. (15), and Fraccaro et al. (16) (Fig. 6). Nevertheless, there was a trend toward increased mortality.
AR after TAVR
The impact of mild AR on long-term outcomes has yielded conflicting results. In our pooled analysis, mild AR was associated with a 1-year hazard of 1.940 (95% CI: 1.090 to 3.452). However, the conclusions changed when studies were removed from the analysis set one at a time. This discrepancy in outcomes may be related in part to the challenges in identification and quantification of post-TAVR AR. Post-TAVR AR is frequently paravalvular, created by multiple eccentric jets that are nonparallel and irregular in shape (9,19). The eccentric jets in turn are frequently entrained along the LV wall with fanning of jets as they regurgitate. This makes the assessment of AR severity difficult and more subjective. Acoustic shadowing from the calcifications, reverberations, and Doppler attenuation from the prosthesis can further obscure significant regurgitant jets and result in underestimation of its severity (9). Various echocardiographic techniques (19,20) and grading schemes (grades 1 to 4, none to severe) have been proposed to measure the severity of post-TAVR AR; however, none of these techniques have been validated and the grading system has not been clearly defined (difference between mild, trivial, or trace, mild vs. moderate, moderate vs. severe). Therefore, the assessment of post-TAVR AR remains controversial and imprecise (21).
Sherif et al. (22) demonstrated an underestimation of the AR severity after implantation of the Core Valve by current echocardiography criteria compared with cardiac magnetic resonance. The VARC (23), which was developed to propose standardized consensus definitions to report post-TAVR complications, failed to adequately address paravalvular leak in its current report. The VARC did not propose standard terminologies or new diagnostic criteria for assessment of AR, but merely elaborated on the work done by others and summarized by Zoghbi et al. (20). The lack of core laboratory assessment of AR severity in the included studies and the absence of published standards for post-TAVR AR may have affected the quality of the reported data. This issue of imprecision is a major limitation in comparing echocardiographic studies performed in different laboratories and likely contributed to the discordant results on the outcome of mild AR. To develop standard criteria to achieve uniformity and accurate grading of paravalvular AR post-TAVR is therefore a pressing necessity.
To complicate the matter further, it is possible that AR is a surrogate for an underlying cause, such as severe valve calcification or sicker patients. The role of other confounding variables, such as pre-procedural AR, left ventricle function, and mitral regurgitation, remains unclear at present. However, the impact of moderate to severe AR is more apparent with a pooled 30-day OR for mortality of 2.95 (95% CI: 1.73 to 5.02) and a long-term HR of 2.27 (95% CI: 1.84 to 2.89).
CoreValve versus Edwards valve
Regardless of the valve type, post-TAVR AR was a frequent complication in reported studies. Nevertheless, implantation of the CoreValve carried a higher risk of post-TAVR AR (16.0% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.005). Concerns have been raised over the radial strength of the nitinol frame of the self-expanding CoreValve in highly calcific lesions (Online Refs. 13,26,51). Incomplete device expansion and resultant impaired apposition of the CoreValve to the native annulus and the left ventricular outflow tract have been implicated in these cases. Another possible cause for AR after core valve implantation is the extreme angulation between the left ventricular outflow tract and the ascending aorta, which reduces the ability of the self-expanding prosthesis to form a tight seal to close the paravalvular space. Balloon post-dilation and a greater oversizing as opposed to the Edwards valve may overcome the underexpansion of the CoreValve in these situations. However, balloon post-dilation has been associated with increased stroke risk (24). Another factor that is important for reducing AR when the CoreValve is used is the height of implantation. Because of the noncylindrical shape of the valve, the depth of implantation determines the effective diameter of the valve in the annulus. Particularly in larger annuli, the sealing of the CoreValve at the level of the virtual ring is dependent on a high implantation to take advantage of the diameter of the lower part of the valve.
Predictive factors and potential management strategies
Mismatch of the valve annulus and prosthesis diameter sizes, aortic root calcification, and suboptimal device implantation were identified as the major causes for post-TAVR AR in our search.
Valve undersizing
Undersizing of the prosthesis relative to the annulus size is the central cause for most paravalvular leaks after TAVR. Detaint et al. (Online Ref. 39) studied the effect of undersizing using the cover index [100 · (prosthesis diameter − transesophageal echocardiography [TEE] annulus diameter)/prosthesis diameter]. A low cover index was found to be an independent predictor of moderate or severe AR post-TAVR. This has been replicated in 2 other studies (15) (Online Ref. 40). Appropriate cover index for each valve may be different and requires more studies to clearly define this.
Therefore, precise annulus sizing by appropriate aortic imaging pre-TAVR is fundamental to prevent AR (25). The aortic annulus was initially sized by 2-dimensional measurements obtained from TTE, but there are several limitations to annulus sizing using TTE. TTE has been shown to underestimate the annulus size from anywhere between 1.4 mm and 1.7 mm (26) (Online Ref. 42). Similar underestimation may occur with TEE (1.2 mm) (26). Jilaihawi et al. (Online Ref. 47) showed that computed tomography–guided annular sizing reduced paravalvular AR compared with a TEE-guided approach in patients receiving an Edwards SAPIEN valve (7.5% vs. 21.9%). Willson et al. (Online Ref. 42) and Schultz et al. (Online Ref. 44) also showed the superiority of multidetector computed tomography annular measurements. A high correlation between multidetector computed tomography and 3-dimensional (3D) TEE measurements of annulus size have been demonstrated in experienced hands. Therefore, it is fair to conclude that 3D imaging for annulus sizing holds the key to better sizing the valves and decreasing paravalvular leaks.
Aortic valve calcium score
Aortic root calcium is thought to hinder uniform valve expansion and tight sealing. However, existing data on this topic are conflicting. In the analysis of the German TAVI registry on 1,365 patients, Staubach et al. (Online Ref. 57) found that the extent of aortic valve calcification did not influence the severity of post-TAVR AR, which is similar to that reported by Wood et al. (Online Ref. 56). Other investigators found that an Agatston score >3,000 predicted moderate or severe AR after initial release of the CoreValve (Online Refs. 41,50,52) and the need for post-dilation. Likewise, other quantitative calcium scores also have been shown to correlate positively with the occurrence of post-TAVR AR (Online Refs. 54,55). Despite the conflicting evidence, precise quantitation of the extent and location of calcification in the aortic root may allow the identification of patients with asymmetric heavy calcification that may increase the risk of AR.
Implantation depth
Post-procedural AR is influenced significantly by the implantation depth. Valve positioning currently is based mainly on fluoroscopy and angiography with or without echocardiographic guidance. Choosing the correct fluoroscopic plane is critical. When misplaced high or low, the skirt of the prosthetic valve does not provide an adequate seal around the annulus, resulting in AR. The unequal geometry of the CoreValve with a narrow and tapered midsection further contributes to paravalvular leak from an inadequate seal when misplaced. Takagi et al. (Online Ref. 45) showed that low CoreValve implantation increased the OR of moderate or severe AR, 3.67 (95% CI: 1.01 to 13.35). Sherif et al. (Online Ref. 58) and Jilaihawi et al. (Online Ref. 59) showed that a 9.5-mm and 5- to 10-mm device depth, respectively, from the noncoronary cusp minimized the risk of moderate or severe AR for the CoreValve. Improvements in imaging technology to provide real-time 3D imaging, increasing experience and modifications in delivery systems, will likely improve the precision of valve deployment.
Clinical implications and future perspective
Moderate or severe AR post-TAVR is common but can be prevented by accurate annulus measurements with 3D techniques and adequate valve sizing. Accurate positioning of the valves may reduce the risk of paravalvular AR. Post-TAVR AR is difficult to quantitate with any single currently available imaging technique and should be accurately quantified using multimodality imaging with hemodynamic data. The next generation of transcatheter aortic valves designed to minimize paravalvular leak will have a major role to play in the future of TAVR.
Study limitations
The studies pooled in the analysis were observational studies with post-TAVR AR not being a primary outcome of interest. The included studies used different methods and grading schemes for assessment of AR severity, thereby introducing limitations in quality and completeness of data. There was significant heterogeneity across studies for all outcomes analyzed. Because of incomplete/unequal reporting of data, not all studies were pooled for all outcomes, which could lead to publication bias. Selection bias was introduced in the evaluation of the prognostic value of mild AR by our method of contacting authors. Precise distinction between paravalvular and valvular AR was not made. AR varies with time; therefore, our definition of post-procedural AR may not be precise. Expansion of the CoreValve over time was not taken into account, a fact that may have biased the results of post-procedural AR in favor of the Edwards valve (however, at present there are no data to indicate that expansion of the CoreValve caused by radial forces in the inflow portion reduces AR over time). Despite these limitations, the large sample size and robustness of our findings clearly demonstrate the need for ongoing critical evaluation of this problem.
Moderate or severe AR is common after TAVR and an adverse prognostic indicator of short- and long-term survival. Every effort should be made to predict and minimize post-procedural AR. Underestimation of paravalvular AR with currently used imaging modalities may be significant, and some patients with reported mild AR post-TAVR may have moderate or even severe AR. Sizing of the annulus is a key step to prevent post-procedural AR where sizing with 3D imaging is superior to 2-dimensional imaging techniques. Innovations designed to improve sealing, improvement in the range of available device sizes, accurate annular sizing, and precise positioning will help minimize AR after TAVR.
For a list of the additional references, please see the online version of this article.
Dr. Latib is a member of the Medtronic advisory board. All other authors have reported that they have no relationship relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
- Abbreviations and Acronyms
- aortic regurgitation
- confidence interval
- hazard ratio
- odds ratio
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- transesophageal echocardiography
- 3-dimensional
- transthoracic echocardiography
- Valve Academic Research Consortium
- Received September 9, 2012.
- Revision received January 14, 2013.
- Accepted January 15, 2013.
- American College of Cardiology Foundation
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By Judith Sudilovsky
JERUSALEM — News of the death of Nadia Hilou, the first Christian Arab woman to serve in the Israeli Knesset, left me greatly saddened. She was a strong defender of women and children's rights, a great proponent of tolerance, coexistence and peace in a place where those things are sorely needed.
A social worker who lived in the mixed Jewish-Arab town of Jaffa where she was born, the 61-year-old was an example for both Jewish and Arab Israelis on how life in this complex land should be lived.
I had the opportunity to interview Nadia, a Catholic, numerous times following our first meeting in 1999, just before she lost her second bid to the Knesset. She was then, as she was always, poised, professional, determined and principled. Always a fighter, she told me she had decided to join the Labor Party following the assassination of Former Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.
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– – –
Editor's note: Hilou died Feb. 27.


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HUB needs your help. Maple Ridge is updating its Transportation Plan. There's a lot of development going on in our community, and still there's no requirement to consider the needs of cyclists for new developments. A Complete Streets by-law, which requires the developer to provide appropriate infrastructure for cyclists (bike lanes, preferably separated, for busy and higher speed roads) is essential to ensure that the District doesn't need to spend taxpayers' money to add bike lanes and paths at a later stage. It's clear we need to push harder for more and safer cycling infrastructure for people of all ages and abilities, both in the older parts of Maple Ridge as well as in new developments.
Please attend the District's public input session on May 22, 3 pm - 8 pm and have your say!
From the website of the District of Maple Ridge:
The District of Maple Ridge is currently in the process of updating the Strategic Transportation Plan. The District's existing Long-Range Transportation Plan was developed in 2003. Since the existing Transportation Plan was adopted, there have been a number of changes to land use patterns and the transportation network within Maple Ridge and the surrounding area such as the Golden Ears Bridge and Pitt River Bridge.
Updating the Strategic Transportation Plan will guide decision-making for transportation over the next 25 years and beyond, and will recommend improvements for all modes of transportation, including walking, cycling, public transit, and vehicles. This process is important to ensure that transportation investments work towards achieving the District's strategic goals and help shift towards a more sustainable future. The District is holding a Public Input Session [PDF, 417KB] on May 22, 2013, from 3:00 pm to 8:00 pm at Municipal Hall. Your attendance and input is welcomed.


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Come and join hands with us in forming partnerships and developing new projects to support Citizenship Education for marginalised communities. Here is the list of proposed projects https://www.dropbox.com/s/0b7jka2ll2jt60u/All%3DIn%20Project%20Ideas%20-October%202018.pdf?dl=0A Register your interest via email by 18th November 2018. @NECE_Network
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Software-defined data center (SDDC) is a data center in which infrastructure is virtualized and delivered "as-a-service". SDDC is combination of software-defined networking – management of traffic, software defined compute – management of workloads and software-defined storage – management of data. Traditional enterprise applications can be supported in a more flexible and cost effective manner.
Who uses Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC) and why?
Enterprise IT organizations, Infrastructure & Operations leaders use SDDC as it provides a lot of flexibility and agility in the company's business processes. SDDC enables the users to deploy their apps quickly (improve the availability of apps) and improves the efficiency & utilization of IT resources by increasing the adoption of cloud services.
How does the Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC) work?
In SDDC, all the components of infrastructure – compute, networking, storage, security and availability services are abstracted and delivered as an automated, policy-driven software. SDDC eliminates the IT operational siloes and complexities by enabling a programmatic approach through virtualization. SDDC provides customers the optimum performance & availability while reducing risks and costs.
Benefits of Software-Defined Data Center (SDDC)
Increases the speed of IT service delivery – Complex IT workloads can be deployed in a faster, programmatic manner, ensuring more agility & flexibility.
Improves ROI – Lower CAPEX and OPEX costs, empowers the customers by providing more productivity.
Enormous efficiency and more innovation – Delivers high-performance computing. Less time spend on manual tasks leads to more IT innovation.
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The Advantages of Using a Credit Repair Company for Michiganders with Bad Credit
More Michiganders are concerned about improving their credit scores than ever, and that's a very good thing. Having a bad credit score can prevent you from getting a good interest rate on a loan. It can also cause you to … Continue reading
What Questions should Michigan Consumers ask a Credit Repair Law Firm before Hiring them?
Not all credit repair "law firms" are the same. It would be nice to think that any company that calls itself a "law firm" would be 100% trustworthy, but this is unfortunately NOT the case. There are well-known credit repair … Continue reading
How should Michigan Consumers Deal with Debt Collectors who try to Stop them from Getting Mortgages?
Michiganders who disagree with any part of an unpaid account that has gone to debt collections can and should file a dispute with the credit bureaus. Once reported, collection accounts can severely damage credit scores. So, if they are not … Continue reading
In Spite of Strict Regulations, Payday Lenders Continue to Prey on Michigan Consumers
There are reasons why payday loans are heavily regulated or banned entirely in most states. In Michigan, payday lending is heavily regulated, but the industry still causes a lot of problems in the Mitten State. Cash-strapped consumers living paycheck to … Continue reading
What Michigan Consumers should know about TransUnion's Willful Violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act
The courts take violations of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) very seriously, especially when they are willful violations. Recently, a federal jury in California awarded $60 million in damages for willful FCRA violations allegedly committed by TransUnion. Related posts: … Continue reading
Top 4 Tips for Michigan Consumers who have had their Smart Phones Stolen by Identity Thieves
Smart identity thieves in Michigan know that most smart phones harbor a treasure trove of consumer data. If you're like most Michiganders, you use your smart phone for communication, entertainment, and possibly transactions. It's highly likely that you regularly check … Continue reading
Why Michigan Consumers may Want to Know about a Fraudulent Debt Relief Company under Investigation in Florida
Unfortunately, Michigan consumers are no strangers to fraud. Yearly statistics indicate that identity thieves and other types of scammers operate in the Great Lakes State. However, Michigan isn't alone. Florida, for example, has certainly seen more than its share of … Continue reading
A Credit Card Guide for Michigan Consumers who want to Rebuild a Bad Credit Score
Michigan consumers who want to rebuild a bad credit score can use credit cards to help them reach their goals. They have to be careful though. For many Michiganders, credit cards are what got them in trouble with their credit … Continue reading
Michigan Consumers Beware: This Payday Loan Alternative may Actually be more Expensive
Payday loans have been bad news for a lot of Michigan consumers. Payday lenders prey on people who have bad credit or no credit and need money fast. Also, the interest rates attached to these loans are typically outrageous. In … Continue reading
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AURORA, Colorado (CNN) — The suspect in last week's deadly shooting rampage at a crowded Colorado movie theater boobytrapped his apartment with more than 30 homemade grenades and 10 gallons of gasoline, a law enforcement official who viewed video from inside the apartment told CNN Monday night.
The sophisticated set up at the sparsely furnished Aurora home of James E. Holmes was meant to harm, or possibly kill, anyone who entered — and tested the skills of bomb squad members charged with clearing it.
"Imagine that fireball … you would have an explosion that would knock down the wall of (nearby) apartments," the official said. "That flame would have consumed the entire third floor (of the apartment complex)."
"By the time a fire truck would have arrived, they would have arrived to a building that would have been completely consumed in flames."
The grenades were wired to a control box in the kitchen, which bomb technicians disabled with the help of a remote-controlled robot that squirted water on it.
"It looked like spaghetti," according to the official, who said it resembled setups that are used in Iraq and Afghanistan, but rarely in the United States.
The control box has been sent to Quantico, Virginia, for forensic analysis at the FBI laboratory, the official said.
But the setup appears to have been "rigged" so that it would have exploded, according to the official. A "post-blast analysis" will determine if it would have worked.
The gasoline was divvied up into glass containers and gas cans in order to "enhance the thermal effect of the explosion," the official said.
Over the weekend, Aurora Police Chief Daniel Oates told reporters there was "evidence of … some calculation and deliberation" in the Friday attack at the Century Aurora 16 multiplex.
Holmes received deliveries over the past four months at his home and work addresses, which begins to explain how he may have obtained some of the materials used in the attack and those found at his apartment, Oates said.
The University of Colorado School of Medicine, where Holmes enrolled as a doctoral candidate in its neuroscience program but later withdrew, was investigating whether he received any of the alleged shipments while working as a research assistant at the Anschutz Medical Campus.
Authorities have been tight-lipped about a possible motive in the case, though police spokesman Frank Fania told CNN that Holmes has been uncooperative with investigators and requested an attorney.
The movie multiplex, where the shootings occurred during a midnight screening of the new Batman move "The Dark Knight Returns," will remain shuttered at least until Wednesday to give police time to complete their investigation and allow the suspect's defense team access Tuesday.
Aurora, meanwhile, is bracing for another emotional week as families begin making funeral arrangements. It was not immediately known when the coroner would release the bodies.
On Monday, Holmes made his first court appearance.
Looking dazed at times, Holmes — who after the attack identified himself to police as "The Joker" — wore a maroon jumpsuit over a white T-shirt and gave little indication that he was paying attention to the courtroom procedure that ensured he will continue to be held without bond.
He was then led from the courtroom and back to the Arapahoe County Jail, where he is being held in isolation. Formal charges are expected to be filed July 30.
"The charges on which the court found cause included first-degree murder," Arapahoe County District Attorney Carol Chambers told reporters outside the courthouse. She said prosecutors have a lot of work to do.
"I would say there's no such thing as a slam-dunk case," she said. "We're still looking at the enormous amount of evidence."
Deciding whether to pursue the death penalty is a long process that involves input from victims and their relatives, she said.
A capital case would require a finding of either extreme indifference or deliberation, she said.
Holmes is being held in connection with the shootings that killed 12 people and left 58 others wounded. As of late Monday, at least 15 people remained hospitalized — five in critical condition — in four area hospitals.
Four of those killed were active members of the the U.S. military. The Department of Defense is flying flags at half-staff in their honor.
"These acts of heroism and sacrifice are the essence of what military service is about — putting your life on the line to defend those who are part of the American family," Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta said in a statement Monday.
Meanwhile, Lisa Damiani, an attorney representing the Holmes family but not the suspect, said his family members were keeping their location secret. "I don't think they would like the media to know where they are," she said, adding that she feared for their safety.
"They're doing as well as they can, under the circumstances," Damiani told reporters at her office in San Diego, California, where the family lives. "I think everyone can imagine how they're feeling — anyone who's ever been a parent."
She added, "The family has elected not to discuss James or their relationship with James at this time."
The family issued a statement Friday saying, "Our hearts go out to those who were involved in this tragedy and to the families and friends of those involved." It added, "We are still trying to process this information."
By Poppy Harlow and Ed Payne – CNN
This story was written by CNN's Ed Payne in Atlanta, with reporting from Poppy Harlow in Aurora. CNN's Josh Levs, Tom Watkins, Dana Ford, Joe Sutton, Ed Lavandera, Nick Valencia, Kathleen Johnston, Drew Griffin, Don Lemon and Susan Candiotti contributed to this report.
™ & © 2012 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.


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Here's the latest article from the Doll Making site at BellaOnline.com.
500 Handmade Dolls - Book Review
"What exactly is a doll?" With that question doll artist Akira Blount begins her introduction to the book. By the end of the book we have been shown 5oo possible answers but left with the impression that we have only scratched the surface of possibilities for doll makers.
Please visit Dollmaking.bellaonline.com for even more great content about Doll Making.
To participate in free, fun online discussions, this site has a community forum all about Doll Making located here -
I hope to hear from you sometime soon, either in the forum or in response to this email message. I thrive on your feedback!
Have fun passing this message along to family and friends, because we all love free knowledge!
Helen B. Wharton, Doll Making Editor
One of hundreds of sites at BellaOnline.com


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Michael Simonson
Michael has been working as an Energy Practitioner and Teacher for over 25 years. He works with parents, children, educators and health practitioners in understanding how to help Energetically Sensitive Children awaken to the truth of who they are. Michael teaches that it is important for parents, educators and health practitioners to be coming from the same place that they desire their children to come from. Through his one-on-one counseling sessions and workshops people are given all the tools necessary to live empowered loving lives.
Michael was the facilitator of the Energy Program (energetic mindfulness) at the Hunter School in Rumney, New Hampshire. He is now expanding and is offering to facilitate these energy programs to other educational institutions throughout the country.
If you are a parent, teacher or counselor and would like your school to consider an energy program please email email@example.com
Deborah Simonson
Deb has had a private practice in energy medicine since 2006, and joined the ESC team in 2012. She handles Michael's calendar, bookings and communications. Deb also works and travels with Michael and assists in his workshops throughout the country. She works with Michael to bring awareness of his teachings to the greater world through many avenues such as social media, the company's websites, and by following the teachings herself and serving as an example to others.


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Yorkton, Saskatchewan Credit Counselling Society - Free Debt and Credit Help
Credit Counselling Yorkton - Are you stressed about your debts? Maybe your credit is all maxed out, you can't sleep, and your financial worries are affecting your relationships? If so, we can help.
Non Profit Consumer Credit Counselling & Debt Solutions from Canada's Leading Service Provider
We are a non-profit service providing consumer debt and credit counselling services to Yorkton. We can help you explore all your options and find the right solution for your situation. Our experienced, professionally certified Counsellors can also help you create a plan to:
- Get your finances back on track and create a budget to manage your expenses
- Consolidate your debts in into one affordable payment
- Stop creditor collection calls
- Save many thousands of dollars in interest
Get Started
Get started today by calling to make a free appointment to talk to one of our Credit Counsellors. We're happy to share our expertise with you, and all of our appointments are free, completely confidential and non-judgmental.
Our Clients Interviewed by the News Media
Occasionally, the news media will interview one or two of our clients who are comfortable to publicly share their stories. Below you can see two of these experiences with the Credit Counselling Society.
Offering Free Consumer Debt & Credit Counselling Services for Over 20 Years
With 22 offices across Canada, the Better Business Bureau's highest rating, 98% of our clients surveyed reporting they would recommend us to others, and award winning service (over 40 awards), the Credit Counselling Society has worked hard to become one of the leading debt relief and credit counselling service providers in Canada. If you would like some help with your debt or simply want to learn how you can manage your money more effectively, call us today at 1-888-527-8999.
"When debts became a problem, I felt very overwhelmed – like I could not see the end of the tunnel. Picking up the phone felt like lifting a 10 pound rock, but they were very cheerful on the other end of the line. I came in, discussed my situation in privacy, and instantly got relief knowing I was in good hands."
- Delores, Actual Client
More Information About Us & How We Approach Things
We've been providing non-profit consumer credit counselling since 1996. We typically end up helping around 95% of people who contact us completely free of charge. The only time someone pays for our services is if they decide to go onto our Debt Management Program. A lot of people view this program as a credit card consolidation since it consolidates all of someone's credit card payments into one affordable monthly payment with either no interest or an interest rate that is significantly reduced. While this is a tremendous program that protects peoples' privacy, allows them to restore their credit, eliminates their debt, and gets their finances back on track as quickly as possible, this is only one of many ways that we help people.
We firmly believe that the best debt consolidation and debt help is something that allows an individual or couple to accomplish their financial goals in the long-run while getting their finances back on track as fast as possible in the short-term. It's disappointing that this perspective is at odds with how some commission driven credit consultants, financial counselors, debt advisors, and credit advisors who are out there choose to operate. We feel that when someone is having a hard time financially, it's important to carefully consider all their options and figure out what's going to work best for them in the long run. This is one important reason why we pay our staff a salary rather than commission. In addition to this, to ensure our organization meets the highest national and international standards, we decided to join, open ourselves to audits by, and become accountable to the most respected organizations in our industry in Canada and North America, Credit Counselling Canada and the National Foundation for Credit Counseling. We also report to a volunteer board of directors and to the Canada Revenue Agency. We're also the only Canadian organization in our industry to annually open its books to an external auditor.
If you'd like one of our professionally trained Counsellors to take a look at your situation and help you figure out what all your options are to get back on track, give us a call today at 1-888-527-8999. All you've got to lose is your debt.
The Credit Counselling Society also provides alternatives to filing for bankruptcy in Yorkton, Saskatchewan.
Get Relief from Your Stress & Debt Today
. With Canada's most trusted and highest accredited non-profit credit counselling service available in Canada, what's holding you back?


text: Viacom CEO Philippe Dauman's Annual Compensation Falls to $33.5 Million 2:21 PM PST 1/25/2013 by Georg Szalai FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME The Viacom CEO's cable networks, including Nickelodeon, MTV and Comedy Central, tumble in the ratings after the company yanks them from DirecTV in an especially nasty carriage-fee dispute. UPDATED: The 22 percent decline comes as chairman Sumner Redstone and COO Tom Dooley also receive smaller pay packages. Viacom CEO Philippe Dauman made $33.45 million in the latest fiscal year, down from $43.1 million a year earlier. That meant a drop of 22 percent. The compensation details were disclosed in a regulatory filing late Friday. Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone, meanwhile, earned $20.4 million in the fiscal year ended Sept. 30, down slightly from $21 million. For Dauman, the biggest difference was a drop in his cash bonus from $20 million to $11.5 million. His salary was unchanged at $3.5 million. Dauman also received $10.3 million in annual stock awards, $1.85 million in one-time stock awards and $6 million in stock option awards. Most of his $269,363 in so-called "other compensation" came in the form of the CEO's personal use of the company aircraft. It also includes the cost for car service. "For security reasons, we provide Messrs. Redstone and Dauman with a shared car and driver in New York for use by them and other executives and provide Mr. Redstone with a car and driver in his hometown of Los Angeles," according to the regulatory filing. Viacom splits the car costs for Redstone with CBS Corp., where Redstone is also chairman and controlling shareholder. In early 2011, Dauman made headlines when he ranked as the country's highest-paid CEO with $84.5 million in compensation. Viacom COO Tom Dooley also got a smaller compensation package for the latest fiscal year. He earned $26.3 million, down 23 percent from $34.1 million a year earlier. Email: email@example.com Twitter: @georgszalai FACEBOOK TWITTER EMAIL ME Georg Szalai email@example.com @thr


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I was shocked, but maybe I shouldn't have been. I was not shocked for myself as my spiritual skin has grown too thick for that, but for the sheer audacity of hearing someone make a claim that so palpably couldn't be and wasn't true. I was told by a representative of an organisation that works with farmers on the 'West Bank' that 'unless I had been to the West Bank I was not a Jew'. Not a 'real' one at least… After all, a 'real' Jew would have connections with the soil, the 'earth' of Ha'aretz, the 'Biblical' heartland of our inheritance. Leaving aside for one moment the obvious romanticism of such a statement, a romanticism that motivates many to behave in interesting ways in Israel, it did make me consider just what categories we do use to 'sub-group' each other. I suppose we could go on and add many more categories to the above one: you're not a Jew unless you visit Jerusalem, place a prayer into the Western Wall, eat kosher (according to this or that community's ruling), wear clothing from a this or that historic time period in Eastern Europe, adhere to various modesty standards, light the Shabbat candles in a certain way, stand (or sit) for Shema and so on. The list is truly inexhaustible. And we as Jews are very good at self-defining according to multiple and complicated variations on a theme.
Of course, there is one category that we CAN use to help clarify an otherwise muddled situation. Instead of applying our own human definitions according to our own likes and dislikes, personal preferences and tastes, maybe we should listen to what G-d Himself says about this. In a startling, yet not unsurprising statement, Rav Shaul declares that 'not all Israel is Israel'. Not unsurprising because this would not have caused an eyebrow to be raised when it was written nearly 2000 years ago. Everyone was attempting to define the almost impossible, answer the elusive question that has dogged Jewish minds for what seems an eternity: 'who is a Jew'? In the context of election and promise that is the backbone of Israeli, Jewish history, Rav Shaul summarises that a Jew is one 'who is a Jew inwardly'. Far from declaring that the external forms of righteousness and mitzvot are meaningless, he radically draws our attention back to what actually counts: the inner world of Jewish values and a changed heart. It is not enough, nor acceptable, to have an external form of Judaism alone, nor even in the above context to have Jewish soil under your fingernails if at the same time life-giving and life-changing Jewish values are absent from your instinctive, motivational, and internal life. To have a circumcised heart, to believe in and accept the Jewish Mashiach Yeshua, IS the most Jewish thing in the world to do and be: a Jew inwardly.


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Tottenham Court Road and Charing Cross may be the book centers of London, but the Mecca for secondhand books in Britain is on the English/Welsh border. With more than 30 secondhand bookshops, tiny Hay-on-Wye bills itself as the "town of books."
|Hay-On-Way in Wales is a town of secondhand bookstores — and little else.
Though the bookshops in Hay-on-Wye can be as vast as any Waterstones, they remain pleasantly haphazard and intimate. Most are converted houses with holes in their wooden floors, providing a rat's view of the underlaying mayhem. Books fill the fireplaces and run down the staircases and loft beams.
"The most aMAZEing bookshop in the world," says a sign outside Hay Cinema Bookshop. It stocks 200,000 volumes where a screen and plush seats must have once been. Most items hover in the 10 pound range, and reprinted classics can be had for a pound.
Not to be outdone, Richard Booth's Bookshop down the street carries double the stock and declares itself to be "the biggest secondhand bookshop in the world."
There are no card catalogs to help you sort through the stacks. You don't need them when you have hand-printed cardboard signs and an attendant who looks like he just got out of bed but speaks a perfect gentleman's English. "May I help you find a book, sir?"
If he can't find it, Booksearch across the street probably can. Like a detective agency, the shop will track down any out-of-print book across the country. It promises "perseverance over years if needed" and does not charge a fee if the search proves to be in vain.
The surrounding countryside is famous for the Wye River, flocks of sheep and rain. Looking out the attic window of one of the town's bookshops, one might think of the opening lines of William Blake's poem "Jerusalem."
And did those feet in ancient time Walk upon England's mountains green
Only the view is of Wales, not England. The town is on the Welsh side of the border, and the Black Mountains mark the divide. Still standing in the middle of town is the shell of a 13th-century castle that everyone from King John of England to Prince Llewellyn of Wales was fighting over.
Hay-on-Wye is in the Golden Valley, but "golden" is a mistranslation of the Welsh and actually means "muddy" or "wet," according to Nick Duberley, a member of the town council of Ross-on-Wye, which is further down the river. Duberley sports a beard like Saint Nick and a fashion of pajama bottoms and lumberjack shirt. His shopping bag contains obscure tomes on fossils and the region's geography.
We have lunch at the Granary, one of the area's numerous publike restaurants and restaurantlike pubs. A fire in the hearth warms the sleeping dog and reading customers. The aroma of home-cooked Stilton cheese-and-leek soup, and shepherd's and mince pies mix in the air.
Duberley quotes romantic English poems from memory faster than most people can read them. After the mulled wine takes effect, the bachelor tells me about a Russian woman he's met through an Internet dating service. Later, I find just the right book for him — about the intercultural problems faced by Russian women married to foreign men — but I blink and the book is swallowed up in the multitude.
The town is full of mad hatters like Duberley. Richard Booth started the first secondhand book shop in Hay-on-Wye in 1961 and owned most of the town at one point, including the castle. In 1977, he declared the town independent from the U.K. and appointed himself king — his horse was made prime minister. Currency was to be printed on rice paper so that "people could put their money where their mouth is." His stunt gained nationwide media attention, though it didn't grant him his fiefdom.
Booth and his kin understand the pleasure of searching for a book forgotten by time, polite society and Amazon.com. The visitor to Hay-on-Wye gets sucked into the maze of stacks and feels the insatiable curiosity of Faustus.
Hours of digging for gold pan out "The World's Strangest Customs" and "The Cruise of the 'Cachalot,' " a whaling book by Frank T. Bullen that promises in the prologue to "come near" "Moby Dick."


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I love this so much! Its super cool and the bracelets made are so cute. I included it in my ProcJam compilation video series, if you'd like to take a look :) https://youtu.be/CXngIdwx5v4
The Bracelet Stand
External version: http://www.diane-landais.fr/thebraceletstand/
The Bracelet Stand is a self-help tool for anxious/sad/angry people, or even anyone else. Writing down your thoughts always helps, but sometimes you don't see the point. The Bracelet Stand gives you something in exchange, something pretty and unique. Type your heart out!
Made for #PROCJAM 2015
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I also included it in an article of my favorites :) http://fireside.gamejolt.com/post/jam-favorites-procedural-generation-jam-cuupbhwv


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International: Greystar Grabs Johnnie Walker
- By
- Jun 11, 2015
By Eliza Theiss, Associate Editor
Victorian breweries turned mixed-use student housing project Assam Place has officially changed hands.
Former owner and developer Mace has sold the asset, located in the high-stakes property market of London, to Greystar Real Estate Partners.
The property, which fetched $168 million (£110 million) is home to the Hult International Business School and more than 300 high-end student housing units.
Located at the center of the City of London, in Aldgate, Assam Place is a self-contained campus comprising three buildings: Live 1, Assam Studios and Fabbrica. As previously reported, Assam Studios features 29 studio units located in the redeveloped 1848 Victorian breweries come whisky warehouse of world-famous brand Johnnie Walker, Live 1 is a newly-built, 18-story structure comprising 317 student housing units and the project's many amenities, while Fabbrica blends modern and Victorian industrial architecture and holds the asset's 37,816 square feet of commercial space, occupied by Hult International Business School university teaching space.
Greystar Real Estate Partners has been on a bit of a student housing shopping spree of late in London, having picked up a $900 million (£600 million) student housing portfolio in early May. As previously reported, the 2,375-bed portfolio comprises three assets and was picked up from Nido London S.à r.l. The acquisitions are in accordance with Greystar's U.K. goals, as put by Greystar's U.K. Managing Director, Brett Lashley: "our U.K. business was established in 2013 with the stated intention of buying high quality and well located assets serving world class educational institutions."


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The death of Operation Hotmother was a good thing on many levels: it made me less of a crazy, weight-obsessed person; it kept me from pressuring all of YOU into being crazy, weight-obsessed people; and it allowed me to breathe a GINORMOUS sigh of relief.
However, that sigh might just be getting a bit too long-winded.
While I don't want to be a scale-watcher, I would like to be in better shape than I'm in right now. SHOCKINGLY, maintaining a healthy weight isn't as easy now as it was when I was fifteen. Maybe it has something to do with the thirteen years I've aged and the baby I've birthed.
Regardless of the reasons, I'm no longer the awe-inspiring, exemplary specimen of athleticism (*cough*) I once was. And although I don't want to revisit the Hotmother, I would like to be healthy. And also I'd like for my pants to fit better.
Oh, Rubber Band That Holds Up My Pants. You and I have a long, sordid history together. (Important: This is not a picture of me.)
But how will I accomplish these seemingly UNATTAINABLE goals?
Trickery and self-indulgence, natch.
I've often fallen into the Sign Up For A 5K To Trick Yourself Into Running trap. The last time was December 2009, when I signed up for the Jingle Bell Run. You probably have one of these in your city: everyone dresses up like reindeer or elves or whathaveyou and jogs / skids on patches of ice / crawls toward the finish line.
This man: officially my HERO.
The race started off with, no joke, a NINETY DEGREE INCLINE and went downhill (not literally) from there. I ran about half a mile before deciding it would be MUCH more pleasant to stroll. After all, the Jingle Bell Run goes through this old, beautiful neighborhood, and I enjoy a good 1920's-style house as much as anyone. So I walked and made mental comments about everyone's porches and Christmas decorations.
Not the best use of A) $30 or B) a freezing Saturday morning.
I signed up for the 5K in an effort to trick myself into becoming a runner. I figured that by the time the 5K rolled around, I would have trained for it and discovered a SECRET PASSION for running that had lain dormant within me for years.
Well, that didn't happen.
See, I don't like to run. But it's the best way to get in shape, and I really WANT to like it. If I could just ENJOY running, I wouldn't have to force myself to do it. But part of the reason I don't like it is that I'm not in good enough shape to do it.
Do you see the Death Spiral of Crazy this has become?
Against my better judgment, I've decided to try again. I've signed up for the Jingle Bell Run on December 10. But this time, there's something at stake.
Something I want REAL BAD.
My husband, in his constant effort to Encourage Me And Be The Best Husband Ever, has stated that if I finish the 5K in 32 minutes or less, I can have a WHOLE WEEKEND TO WRITE.
For someone like me with a full-time job and an almost one-year-old, that is some motivation like WHOA.
Challenge: Finish the Jingle Bell Run in 32 minutes or less.
Preparation Time: 26 days.
Current Athletic Status: Questionable.
Reward For Success: One weekend of uninterrupted writerdom.


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DVR/NVR Software Installation - This video goes over how to install the GeoVision NVR 8.5.7 from the Software Disk
*To go full screen please click the full screen icon located in the bottom right.
**Or you can click the youtube icon in the bottom right to open the video at youtube.
GeoVision DVR/NVR Software Installation
Back to GeoVision Support | Support Home


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I believe in the importance of a daughter developing a special relationship with her dad. I have benefited immensely from being close to my father, and am excited to see my husband and our girls spending time together. They enjoy accompanying him on trips to Lowes and the county dump(!), but as they've gotten older, we've realized the importance of them having one-on-one time with him.
I know many families have regular daddy-daughter dates, and that's what we began planning some months ago. As with most things in our lives, we knew they wouldn't happen if we didn't schedule them. Since weeknights and Saturdays tend to fill up with other activities, we decided that Sundays after the evening church service would be a convenient time.
On the first Sunday night of each month, my husband takes our oldest daughter out for dessert. He does the same with our younger daughter on the third Sunday night (with rescheduling allowed occasionally, for significant events like the Super Bowl 😉
Most of the time it's something simple – a milkshake from the Arby's value menu, a doughnut at Dunkin' Donuts, or a Wendy's Frosty. Occasionally they'll do something a little more extravagant, or even substitute a Saturday morning breakfast out, but the point is not how much money it costs – or even the food that's eaten – but the time spent together.
While the immediate benefits include keeping those lines of communication open, I also know that when our girls get older, they will look back on these dates as treasured memories.


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The taxation of the Canary Islands Special Zone (ZEC), conceived as a State operating aid, is aimed at diversifying the regional economy and generating employments, which enhance, with full legal security, the creation of companies in strategic sectors for the Islands.
Hence, there is a wide range of activities authorized to establish themselves in the Canaries under this regime to operate with the international markets. Under the current regulation, all the activities developed in the ZEC may be located at any point of the Islands.
Several companies already operate in the Canary Islands under this tax regime and, in their commitment to the Archipelago, the attractive taxation of the ZEC has joined the opportunities offered by the Islands as a business platform.
Es una empresa establecida en el marco de la Zona Especial Canaria (ZEC) catalogada como modelo de éxito a través de su Centro de Excelencia radicado en Canarias y se sitúa en el primer lugar en creación de puestos de trabajo en el sector de las TIC, opera en la ZEC desde 2001.
The Gorona del Viento hydroelectric plant is responsible for supplying electricity to El Hierro island using fully renewable energy sources. A pioneering technological system that has become a model for innovation due to its high penetration of clean energies in the supply, guaranteeing the stability of the electricity network. The company has been operating within the framework of the Canary Islands Special Zone (ZEC) since 2008.
Gaming Experience, S.L. (TGX)
The company Gaming Experience S.L., which operates within the framework of the Canary Islands Special Zone (ZEC), creates the online platform TGX, which integrates products, services, content and social features related to the gaming culture, such as eSports, video games, events and online stores. The CEO of the company, Antonio Cabrera Almeida, stresses that the entity has already been growing its committed to the "new sector, an growing market, with a gigantic potential on the whole planet".
The MHP Servicios de Control company has become a reference in the New Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in the Islands, a company operating within the framework of the Canary Islands Special Area (ZEC) and providing its services from the Canary Islands by committing to technology and innovation.
MHP SERVICIOS DE CONTROL y LAYCOS NETWORK
Las empresas, MHP Servicios de Control y Laycos Network se han convertido en un referente en el sector de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en las Islas, dos compañías que operan en el marco de la Zona Especial Canaria (ZEC) y que prestan sus servicios desde Canarias apostando por la tecnología y la invocación.
Biomca Química
Biomca Químicais a ZEC company that produces sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), whose most common use is to make water safe for consumption, and as disinfectant for swimming pools. Biomca Química is the first manufacturing plant of these characteristics that is established in the Canary Islands, specifically in port area. So far their production is used to meet the demand from the regional market.After three years in operation, the company is ready to take one more step and meet the supply needs of all the Islands, and they are looking to export to the nearby West Africa countries. The company's management is considering creating another industry that complements this activity.
This company has been attracted by the situation of the Canary Islands as a strategic enclave for the service provision in the Mid Atlantic and the legal security of the ZEC tax advantages.


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Several people had recently mentioned to me a movie called Cowspiracy, and I had this feeling in my gut that it would change my life. I wasn't prepared for this, I was still of the belief that I needed animal protein. I knew if I watched just ten minutes of it, I would go vegan. Nevertheless, when my boyfriend, Mike (who had been vegetarian for a year at this point), said that he wanted to watch the movie, I knew all signs were pointing to the obvious – to stop living in ignorance and make an informed choice. So I did. I was wrong, within the first three minutes I decided I was going to go vegan! Mike and I said we would trial it for one month, which easily became two, and has now become a lifelong commitment.
There are many moral reasons I could list – environmental concerns, animal welfare issues – let's be honest, we all know them, we just try not to think about them. And for sure, that is what breaks my heart and what grabbed my attention at first. You see, I am of the belief that what is good for the macro is good for the micro – so it makes sense to me that the best diet for us as beings on this planet, should be compatible with the environment and other creatures around us, so that it is sustainable. Therefore the choices we make for our health, can and should support the vitality of the world around us.
However, most interestingly for me as a nutrition student, it came down to the cold hard facts regarding the correlation between standard western diets and disease, and the way in which we have allowed mainstream media and food marketing to distort our beliefs, our instincts and our relationship with eating. We have become entirely disconnected from our food; what it is, where it comes from, what it does for us. I came to realise that there are far bigger holes in the western diet than "protein-deficiency" (which is extraordinarily uncommon, by the way), and that a diet centered around real, whole-foods makes the most sense on a biological and biochemical level.
Why is it that for almost every chronic illness, a vegan diet is prescribed and found beneficial, yet to healthy people, it is perceived as harmful, or wrong?
It just makes no sense!
As a health coach and nutritionist-in-training, I am fully aware of the fact that I will be presented with clients that do not wish to embrace a fully vegan diet. People don't change overnight, and my own journey is a perfect example of that. My aim is to encourage you to eat in a way that is conscious, vibrant, and sustainable. So to do that, I stand by simple principles that can be applied to everyone:
Eat more whole foods that exude life, not death – this includes plant foods, raw foods, fermented foods, sprouts, herbs and weeds!
Don't fear entire food groups – Carbs, Fats or Protein;
Don't fear any whole-food – that goes for fruits, dried fruit, grains and white potatoes (the common ones people, my past self included, seem to view as "bad") – we live in a world where artificial sweeteners and processed protein bars and shakes are deemed "healthy", but the banana, a whole-food, given to us by nature, is bad… really?
Cut processed and refined foods, particularly refined sugar; and
Source, prepare and eat your food consciously and mindfully.
I believe that we all need to reprogram how we look at food. Yes it is yummy, comforting, and often celebratory, but do we stop and realise that it is actually a source of energy? No. Do we truly understand that food is a source of nutrients? Not those supplements you occasionally pop, but real, beautifully packaged, naturally intended vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, enzymes and fibre! No. Do we make the connection between the food we put in our mouths and the way we feel? Mood, energy levels, digestive discomfort, sleep patterns, hormonal changes? NO! What's more, is the connection made between our food choices, and our susceptibility to disease?
NO. I don't believe the majority of the world does view food this way.
My vegan journey has taught me many things, but one of them is certainly regarding the way in which I view food. I view it as a source of nourishment, as preventative medicine, as my ticket to vibrance, vitality and longevity. I don't want to wait until I am sick, I want to be consuming the diet that ensures I stay as healthy as I possible can right now, in this moment. And I believe, we all could do with eating many more plant foods.
So, this is what leads me to where I am today. Happy, healthy and vegan! I was reluctant to "announce" it to my readers and friends because I didn't want to seemingly push my beliefs onto you, but mainly, because I wanted to feel it in my own body first so I could speak from some experience. I can now say with conviction that this is my lifelong way of living and eating. It is not a diet, not a FAD, or a ploy to get thin or look a certain way, it is a lifestyle choice to consistently feel optimal and live a long and healthy life.
If I can encourage you to do anything, it is to make the connection between food and your overall health, not just your size. Start thinking about how many greens and other veggies you eat daily, and begin to incorporate more into every meal, and even every snack. These are the foods that will enhance your health, not inhibit it. Losing weight, feeling energetic, getting thick hair and nails, glowing skin, are just happy side effects. But I believe the intention is important:
let's eat for longevity, not looks.
Thank you for reading, your support means the world to me.
Love & health, always


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Here is a picture of a boy's bedroom. Can you paint the things in the room the right colours? Listen and paint!
Read or listen to the instructions. Click on a colour to select it, and then click on the object to colour it. For example, if you read or hear 'Paint the CD player grey', click on the grey colour and then click on the CD player.
IcySitar3 replied on Azerbaijan Permalink
BlackFruitCoffee replied on Pakistan Permalink
FAB for my small sis
PrincessVioletLute replied on Colombia Permalink
this game is very easy but is fun
GreyTelephoneSki replied on United Kingdom (Great Britain) Permalink
easy for me
DuchessForestFlute replied on Ukraine Permalink
this game is very usefull
TurquoisePanthe... replied on Italy Permalink
I don't like poster
CaptainPurplePrince replied on Japan Permalink
It so fun! But very easy for me.
PurpleCrystal40 replied on Korea (South) Permalink
this is funny
i lkes this
OrangeEagle9999 replied on Italy Permalink
great, I like it
MissGirlCousin replied on Russia Permalink
This is interesting. Especially if you do not know the colors and the translation of some words.
Fortunately. I knew all that. Especially the color! =)
It is easy and interesting to me.
But just for me! For example, IcySitar3 it seemed fun. But in principle. That is correct. The game pretty develop. I learned half of the English on this site. And with my repititorom we learned colors on this game. =)
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"I believe that in art we must use nature as our principal influence.
However every life experience colours what we produce and we acquire experiences and "information" even before being born, via parents, grandparents, and also via that infinitely interconnected web that is culture and society. We are inevitably grounded in our past as individuals, which is everything right up to the present moment, and also in our collective past.
When I sculpt, like any fine artist, I am primarily concerned with beauty. As Maritain the French philosopher said, beauty is both subjective and objective. Although all things can contain beauty, just as all things can be said to have something good in them, beauty is also defined by proportion, integrity and clarity which seem to be universal qualities.
Art is also said to be a virtue of the intellect and an activity that brings us closer to the divine. This is certainly sometimes evident to the artist as he creates. ... It brings us closer I believe, to the true essence of things, allows us to see through the glass a little less darkly, enables us to see things a little more as they really are; we are really seeking reality, truth. It also seems to bring the sculptor closer to himself. In the creation of a piece I feel more alive, more real, as if I am closer to being who I really am. In this process I hope to acquire virtue and to imbue my sculptures with it. Producing a sculpture has correctly been described as like a mother giving birth. I would add that producing a truly good sculpture is like a virgin birth: in the finished sculpture, that which is not from the artist has come from somewhere higher." Ian Thompson, Artist Statement


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Coravin Model Two Wine System
The Coravin Model Two gives wine lovers the freedom to pour any wine, in any amount, without removing the cork. Whether you want a sip, a glass, or more, your last glass will taste just as amazing as your very first. Model Two is the Coravin standard, featuring the perfect balance between elegant design and durable craftsmanship. Textured rubber grips and ergonomic lines, ensure a flawless experience with every pour.
- Coravin Wine Needle – specially designed to be gentle on your corks and pour wine both quickly and smoothly.
- Properfit Clamp – the system's easy-to-squeeze clamp with textured rubber grips, fits snuggly around the bottle neck, ensuring a secure hold and effortless pour.
- Load Cell Technology – the capsule-loading chamber creates the perfect amount of force for an airtight seal, ensuring no gas escapes.
- Premium Coravin Capsules – contain more than 99.99% pure argon gas to protect the remaining wine from oxidation.
While Stocks Last
For a limited time this Coravin Aerator includes 4 Coravin Capsules, A scew cap pack (1 x large 1 x small), bonus fast pour needle, a carry case and an aerator.
Shipping & Delivery
In order to make things simple and convenient, we have set our delivery pricing with our couriers based on a standard delivery box, with dimensions of 330mm L x 250mm W x 310mm H, and a maximum weight of 18kg.
To get an idea of how much that is, the delivery box fits up to 12 bottles of wine, one kitchen mixer, or a feather and down duvet inner. Your total delivery charge is automatically calculated in the checkout – simply enter your delivery region and let our system do the rest.
Your order is then sent out by our couriers and delivered right to your door. When orders contain alcohol, someone over the age of 18 must be present to sign for it – When orders contain alcohol, someone over the age of 18 must be present to sign for it – if you can't be home at the time, we recommend that the order is sent to a workplace.
If no one aged 18 or over is present when delivery is attempted, a contact card will be left by the courier, and redelivery can be arranged with them.
Once payment is received, your orders will usually be with you in 2 working days for North Island addresses, and 3 working days for South Island addresses. You can track your order once it has been collected by Courier Post – an email with the tracking reference will be sent to you automatically. Please note that Courier Post do not collect from us on Saturday or Sunday, any orders placed during the weekend will be dispatched the following Monday.
Please note: We cannot accommodate requests for a specific delivery time; actual delivery times will be dependent on the courier's schedule.
While we do everything we can to get your order to you as quickly as possible, there may be occasions where orders may take longer to arrive – you can follow your order's progress using the courier tracking reference.
Moore Wilson's is a Cash and Carry business, but we've negotiated some fantastic rates with our couriers:
- $5.95 per standard delivery box for Wellington region (incl. Kapiti and Wairarapa)
- $9.95 per standard delivery box for Rest of North Island
- $12.95 per standard delivery box for South Island
- Rural delivery - extra $4.95 (Delivery to your local rural delivery driver. Your normal rural delivery times then apply.) You can click here to check if your address is rural.
- Waiheke Island delivery - extra $25.00
For deliveries to other offshore NZ addresses (e.g. Chatham Islands) please contact us for a quote.
Additional information:
All goods are insured up until the point of delivery - until a signature is obtained. Shortages or Breakages must be reported to us within 24 hours of delivery, preferably by email, with your order number as reference.
We do not ship outside New Zealand.
Q: I've seen a product in store but can't find it on your website. How can I order it?
If there's something you are after that isn't yet available here on our website, contact us and we'll see what we can do. If it's something we have in stock and can send by courier, we will do our very best to make it available on our website.
Q: Why is there a minimum order quantity for some products?
Some of our products – such as beer and grocery items – can be bought individually in store, but we can only courier them in set quantities (such as boxes, cases or cartons). It is often quite a lot cheaper to buy in these quantities, which is why we show both the individual and bulk prices on the product pages. It's always nice to know what you're saving!
You may also be interested in:
Penfolds Grange Shiraz$749.95 Bottle $739.95 / Bottle Case (6)
Coravin Stelvin Screwcaps$59.95 6 Pack
Coravin Argon Capsules Twin Pack$34.95 Pack


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One of our favorite series is finally releasing number 3! Disney/Pixar's CARS 3 will change everything! Just from this short teaser trailer, you can tell that the graphics and animation are going to be superior! I can't believe that they let me hanging like this for another 6 months! I can't wait to see more trailers leading up to the movie so I know what happens!!! The first CARS movie is a classic and we watch it all the time. My kids also really like the second one. I know that CARS 3 is going to ROCK!
Here is the Cars 3 Official US Teaser Trailer:
Like CARS on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PixarCars/
Follow Disney/Pixar on Twitter: https://twitter.com/DisneyPixar


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Hi, my name is Khanyi and I'm a coconut oil addict.
My love for coconut oil began the moment I decided to let my hair grow naturally; no relaxers, no chemicals just water and shampoo. However, I was experiencing a lot of dryness and itch – to the point where my hair was breaking every time when I had to comb it. So I went online, searched for natural hair bloggers just to see what they're number one go-to-product for such is – and they were all giving praise to this magical oil that does wonders to one's crown (your hair that is).
Then I also discovered that this magical oil is not only for dry hair, I did more research and I came across an article with almost a thousand ways people use coconut oil. I went home and tried a few of them and it worked. From that day on, coconut oil has been my go-to-product for almost every problem in my {I want to say life, but that just feels like over-exaggerating… so I'll simply go with} skincare routine.
I am also a big fan of making lists (i.e to-do-lists or grocery shopping lists), the notes pad app on my phone is actually taking much space because of that… so, I thought I'd share a list of the magic that coconut oil has brought into my life:
- Hair
As I've already mentioned, you can use it as a scalp moisturiser, get bae or your friend to rub it in their hands and run it through your ends to combat dryness and add some shine. You can also use it as a deep hair conditioner; mix about ¼ cup coconut oil with half an avocado together and massage it into wet hair. Leave it on for about 20 minutes and then rinse. It will leave your hair shiny, silky and moisturized. *struu*
- Eye Make-Up Remover
It works way better and faster than some make-up removers I tell you. Smear it over the eyes and then using a piece of cloth, 'vaslap' or cotton rounds, wipe it all off and watch as the magic happens. It's also perfect for ridding your eyes from the black stuff.
- Face mask and wash
I like to mix mine with a bit of honey but I've heard other people say they mix it with a banana or yoghurt, apply it and leave it on for about 20 minutes. It'll have your face feeling silky, smooth and hydrated.
- Body lotion
The stuff sinks into the skin and will have you feeling like a baby. I also heard it's good for people with eczema (please refer to your skincare doctor for more info on that).
- Cooking
Yes peeps, it's also one of my favourite cooking ingredients. Simply warm it and stir to incorporate in the meal you're preparing. You can even use it when baking or as a butter substitute on toast.
These are just a few ways in which I use this magical oil, feel free to share yours if you're also a fan and don't forget to keep a little container in your bag or that old zambuk tin for lip moisturiser.
Thank me later.
The K in IceKream


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25th APRIL 2018, LONDON:
UK marketing and advertising technology company Ve Global will power Mexico's biggest online sales event for the first time.
The 4-day event called 'Hot Sale' which registered more than six million products sold and saw close to three million shoppers spend over 185 million pounds in 2017, will be driven by 'Shopomo', a product search and discovery platform of Ve Global which is powered by Artificial Intelligence.
Shopomo will integrate with the Hot Sale website to allow shoppers to instantaneously locate deals, promotions and exclusive offers from over three hundred participating brands thanks to features such as autocomplete and filters on search types such as free delivery.
Diana Leon, Managing Director at Ve Mexico, believes Mexico's developing eCommerce landscape provides an immense opportunity for Ve as it continues to expand into high growth markets:
"The number of Mexican internet users now equals the entire population of the United Kingdom and with 91 million people participating in Hot Sale between 2016 and 2017, Ve is deploying Shopomo as well as other technologies to help brands drive more sales, while improving the experience for Mexico's growing number of online shoppers."
The Mexican Association of Online Sales (AMVO), which created the event to promote the expansion of eCommerce in Mexico, expects online transactions to double in 2018 making this year the biggest since the eCommerce event was launched in 2014.
Eric Pérez-Grovas, President of the AMVO, said:
"We estimate this year will be the biggest Hot Sale on record thanks, in part, to the impact of technologies such as Shopomo on the overall shopping experience and Mexico's population becoming increasingly comfortable in doing their shopping online."
Hot Sale begins in Mexico on May 28 and ends on June 1.
London-based Ve Global, which serves 10,000 clients in 18 markets, is consolidating its position in Latin America as well as expanding into new territories and introducing new products in the autumn.
Danny Bartlet
International Head of Communications
+44 (0) 7737 315 081
Link to online guide for businesses wanting to participate in HotSale: https://features.shopomo.com/hotsale/
Images/logos via: http://ow.ly/CcoB30jzzKW
About Ve Global
Ve exists to inspire our client's customers throughout their online journey, regardless of business size or sector. Founded in 2009, Ve started life developing basket recovery email technology. But that was just the beginning. Our appetite to predict and respond to consumer behaviour in the digital age led us to develop award-winning technologies, that attract the right audience, with the right message at the right time. Today, we serve 10,000 clients across 18 territories, with our consumer-first solutions ensuring every customer enjoys the tailored and intuitive online experience they deserve.
About the AMVO
The Mexican Association of Online Sales (AMVO) is a non-profit civil organization. Its purpose is to promote the expansion and consolidation of electronic commerce in Mexico: it supports and encourages online sales companies that seek to develop their electronic commerce and benefit from the best practices in the industry.
About Shopomo (Ve-owned)
Shopping online is so much more than just clicking your favourite items and paying. There's a sea of tools out vying for your attention. The problem is, they're all over the place. At Shopomo we've made it our mission to allow you to discover, compare and shop millions of products from one friendly place. It's a big task we know, but our enthusiastic team aim to provide you with the greatest deals, most informative content and the very best online shopping experience possible. There really is so much to discover with Shopomo.


text: (Adds closing figures, Scotiabank comment, details) * Canadian dollar at C$1.3035 or 76.72 U.S. cents * Bond prices mixed across the maturity curve By Solarina Ho TORONTO, July 24 (Reuters) - The Canadian dollar finished little changed against its U.S. counterpart on Friday, but not before crashing to the lowest levels since 2004, hit by a confluence of factors including weak commodities and a dim global economic outlook. The move came as the price of oil, a major Canadian export, remained near $48 a barrel. Weaker-than-expected economic data from China, the world's biggest metals consumer, sent currencies linked to global commodity prices, such as the Canadian and Australian dollars, to multi-year lows. Momentum buying of USD/CAD and loonie selling also drove earlier moves. David Bradley, director of foreign exchange trading at Bank of Nova Scotia, noted that the Canadian dollar crashed through its 2009 low Friday morning. "That triggered some stops, some short covering," he said, noting the quick move to C$1.31 before settling down. "Now that we're through some of the technical levels in USD/CAD, it definitely opens up the topside significantly. We could probably trade up toward C$1.34, C$1.35 by the end of the summer, or by back to school time." The Canadian dollar finished at C$1.3035 to the greenback, or 76.72 U.S. cents, little changed from the Bank of Canada's official close of C$1.3039, or 76.69 U.S. cents, on Thursday. The loonie cracked through the March 2009 low of C$1.3066 early in the North American session, retreating as far as C$1.3103, or 76.32 U.S. cents, a level not seen since Sept. 1, 2004. Many strategists are eyeing around C$1.33, or 75 U.S. cents, as the next key levels, with upwards of C$1.39 and beyond marked as potential long-term possibilities. The Canadian dollar was at just above C$1.40 in May 2004. By the end of the session, the currency was stronger against many of its peers. The divergence between U.S. and Canadian monetary policies, with the Federal Reserve expected to hike interest rates and the Bank of Canada having already cut rates twice this year, is expected to keep the Canadian dollar weaker against a stronger greenback. A rout in commodity prices, particularly over global supply and demand concerns is expected to add to the pressure. Canadian government bond prices were mixed across the maturity curve, with the two-year price down 1 Canadian cent to yield 0.430 percent and the benchmark 10-year rising 11 Canadian cents to yield 1.489 percent. The Canada-U.S. two-year bond spread narrowed to -25.2 basis points, while the 10-year spread narrowed to 77.2 basis points. (Reporting by Solarina Ho; Editing by Peter Galloway and Leslie Adler)


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Redmond's story begins in 1958, when a prolonged drought forced two brothers to abandon their farm in central Utah. Aware that Native Americans had once harvested salt rock from their farmland, Milo and Lamar Bosshardt borrowed a little money and went into the salt business with little more than sledgehammers, picks, and a determination to provide for their families. Their salt deposit provided a naturally-balanced mineral salt that local ranchers credited for healthier herds.
During the Jurassic era, a sea covered much of what is now North America. Over time the water in this sea evaporated, leaving the salt in a vast deposit in central Utah. Eventually a range of volcanoes erupted around the ancient seabed, sealing the salt and trace minerals under a protective layer of bentonite clay. Geologically, the Redmond salt deposit has been perfectly protected from erosion and modern pollutants, which is why we're able to bring you Redmond Rock™ today. Redmond Rock is a natural sea salt containing all the beneficial trace minerals present in that ancient sea.
The Redmond Mine, located in Redmond, Utah, has more than seven miles of tunnel running through solid salt corridors that average 40 feet in height and width. The salt deposit is estimated to be about 3 miles long, a quarter of a mile wide, and roughly 5,000 feet deep.
Our mine team harvests the salt rock some 300 feet below the surface and hauls it out of the mine where it is taken to our mill for processing. Our mill team sorts the rocks according to size and sends them to our warehouse where they are packaged and shipped and eventually end up at your local feed store.
We at Redmond Equine are proud of Redmond Rock. We love sharing this great product with you and your horses. Horses thrive on the minerals Redmond Rock provides. The minerals in Redmond Rock can help restore and bring your horse back into a natural mineral balance.
Michael Jolley
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