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How To Write A Research Paper According To The Chicago Manual Of Style
The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is a popular option for research paper formatting. This style includes several requirements about the fonts and formatting, sections, citations, and bibliography. If you have to write a paper using this style, the best way to write the paper is to have a manual and a sample paper at your side. Both are easy to find online.
Get a Manual and Prepare Your Paper
One of the first things you will need to do is format the paper. The Chicago Style requires specific margin spacing as well as simple, readable typefaces or fonts. When you type your paper, the font size should not be any smaller that 10 point or larger than 12 point. It is also recommended that the paper is double spaced, with the exception of block quotes - which actually require their own formatting style. The spacing in the bibliography and notes sections do require single spaces and double spaces. The manual will help you know what spaces belong is what section. The page numbers also should be done in the appropriate font with Arabic numbers and a specific location. Even the subheadings have special style requirements, too.
Use the Appropriate Sections
Along with formatting your research paper correctly, the CMS includes the sections that each project needs. The first section is the title page, which needs to have special spacing, fonts, and word placement. Having a sample and the manual nearby will help you format that section correctly. The next section is the body of the paper itself, and this section has several requirements, too. After that, the bibliography or reference section also requires formatting for every single entry. Each source or entry has to be formatted based on what type of source it is. For example, books are formatted differently than websites or journal articles. There are plenty of online resources that you can use to help make the references section easy to create.
Know About the Special Circumstances
The CMS requires the use of footnotes in research papers. If you have always used MLA or APA, using footnotes might be a bit unusual to you. But, with sample papers and the manual, you will quickly become more comfortable. You will also need to cite sources in your paper, especially if you use tables and graphs.
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Kat's Cradle
by Mary Jean Kelso
Katrina (Kat) Sturdivant's young life has been a struggle to survive under harsh conditions in a dangerous mining town during the "Bad Man of Bodie" days. She has lost her mother and baby brother and, now, her father has been killed. She is convinced his death was not an accident and sets out to find his killer. Kat, the pursuer, soon becomes the pursued.

subset: commoncrawl


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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH, Coal tars and pitches)
PAHs are a group of chemicals that are found in every industry, especially where substances are burned. Many PAHs are known carcinogens and are ubiquitous in the environment, occurring naturally in some hydrocarbon mixtures deriving from minerals, such as coal or petroleum. They are also generated in processes involving the combustion of any organic matter, including fuels. Coal-tar pitch volatiles, which contain PAHs, are produced during coking, tar distillation, aluminium smelting and downstream uses of tar and pitch.
Exposure to PAHs is associated with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Available information from the cancer burden study shows very low numbers of cancer deaths (11) and approximately 545 cancer registrations per year.
A research study in 2006 in Great Britain showed that there were no significant exposures to PAHs other than at sites undertaking timer impregnation. A further study to evaluate historical and current exposures to hazardous substances and their controls in the British construction industry is underway to update the available evidence. This evaluation covers many substances one of which is coal tars.
Further information is available by registering on the Occupational Diseases Community site.


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New York Times dining critic Pete Wells caused quite a stir at the beginning of the year when he wrote a scathing review of Thomas Keller's New York City fine dining institution Per Se. Wells did not mince words. He described one dish as "appealing as bong water." But more important was what the review meant to the future of fine dining. New York Magazine declared it was another "nail in the coffin of fine dining," seeing as many diners seem more interested in fast casual eating than shelling out big bucks for fancy food.
We asked metro Phoenix chefs about the state of fine dining — and whether there's any life left in it.
Is fine dining dead?
Christopher Gross, chef of Christopher's & Crush Lounge
Is the opera or the theater dead? No. Those things, along with fine dining, will never die. It just runs through cycles. Years ago, the best fine dining was in hotels. After fine dining started to fade, then there was free standing, then there was nouvelle cuisine, then back to a little more classic, then molecular cuisine. Now that molecular cuisine is starting to fade, it seems like cuisine is reverting to be more classic again and less manipulated. For the last few years, it has been simple and and more casual dining, which hands down, has always been the most popular.
Dina Zappone, co-owner of Zappone's Italian Bistro
Coming from a five-star French restaurant background, yes, that trend is over. People are running towards bistros and fast-casual concepts. Americans don't have two to three hours to burn on five courses.
Michael Rusconi, owner and chef of Rusconi's American Kitchen
No. It's evolved and toned down. It's definitely much more regionally adjusted because of the dining atmosphere and the weather. Who wants to wear a suit and tie in Phoenix when it's 115 outside? At Rusconi's American Kitchen, I serve fine dining food in a casual atmosphere
Virginia Senior, owner and executive chef of Urban Beans
Pretentious dining is dead. People want real food, prepared well, in a great atmosphere. It used to be that you had to go to an expensive restaurant for that. Now, you can have that at so many more places, minus the giant-plate-with-a-dab-of-sauce-and-bite-of-something dishes.
Rory Hewitt, executive chef of Phoenix City Grille
I feel that less people are able to afford fine dining restaurants, which makes them more for a special occasion. However, the fine dining experience is something everyone should have the opportunity to experience. Fine dining is food as art at its highest level. I feel food lovers will always appreciate this. And these chefs are presenting the greatest ingredients coursed out in an order that complement each other and lead to a climax. This is something you don't experience when ordering only one thing off of a menu.
Silvana Salcido Esparza, chef of Barrio Cafe
What are you calling "fine dining?" A server wearing a tux? Yes, that is gone, R.I.P. I do think that the art of dining has evolved into something that is just a little too casual for my taste. That is why you can find me at Durant's where they still wear a tux!
Beau MacMillan, executive chef of Elements at Sanctuary on Camelback Mountain
Fine dining is always evolving and will continue to reinvent itself in order to keep current patrons excited and attract new clientele.
Samantha Sanz, chef at Talavera Restaurant
I do not think fine dining is dead. Dining on all levels is going through transition. Culinary art is just that - art. Whether it is a dollar street taco or a multi-course tasting at a Michelin-starred restaurant, all food has its place. In fine dining, there are some artists who are defenders of the art, and will carry it on until a new guard comes to relieve them.
Chris Lenza, executive chef of Café Allegro at the Musical Instrument Museum
Definitely not, though it can be harder to find these days. It's just changing with the times to keep up with what consumers want, which means it's not always served on a white tablecloth or in a formal environment. The techniques, skill level, quality of ingredients, and overall experience are what elevate it to that upper level, and those are only getting more refined.
Robert Nixon, chef of Geordie's Steak at the Wrigley Mansion
As long as there is an appreciation for fine dining and the customer is willing to pay the price, it will never die. I think everyone should treat themselves to a fine dining experience at least once every few years, if not more.
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Becca Carlson, executive chef of Federal Pizza
I wouldn't say dead – but dying, yes. More contemporary, fast causal dinning has swept the nation.
Jacques Qualin, chef of J&G Steakhouse
Fine dining is definitely getting harder to execute between the escalating food and staffing costs and all the intricate, time-consuming details it involves. But I think you will always have a niche for it.


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Maurice W. Evans
Entertain, Educate, Empower, Equip & Encourage Your Attendees! Speaker Certified by John Maxwell (Leadership) & Jay Levinson (Guerrilla Marketing).
Dave Crenshaw
Author, Speaker, Business Chaos Crusher
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May McCarthy
Innovation expert that inspires employees and leaders to unleash their creativity to achieve greater goals with seemingly less work!
Marv Russell
Find Your Impact Zone and Make the Difference... Best Selling Author of Linebacker in the Boardroom: Lesson in Life and Leadership
Dr. Rick Brinkman
Educating through Entertainment Conscious Communication® to Bring Out the Best in People for Leadership, Teamwork and Service
Victoria E. Broussard, Esq.
Warmth You Can Feel From an Attorney, Author, Keynote, Survivor, Founder & Coach Who Brings the Type of Diversity Audiences Crave
Tony Dovale - The Workplace Revolution Guy
Transforming mindsets, teamwork, Leadership and Culture to create Exponential Results for People, Planet AND Profits.
Lee E. Meadows
Inspirational challenge speaker who combines facts with humor
Daisy Yu
Living Happy and Healthy the Chinese way
Toniya Singh
Public Speaker, Certified Master Coach & Training Consultant. Know. How. Now.
Dayton, Ohio
$500 to $5,000
Bryan Guido Hassin
Inspiring Global Entrepreneur and Professor of Entrepreneurial Leadership
Research Triangle, North Carolina
$5,000 to $15,000
Brooke Chesnut
Multi-Generational Communication expert focusing on the Millennial Generation
Donald Pelles
Change to be your best.
Dr. Eric Etka
Expert at Harnessing the ADHD Brain - Drug-Free...naturally
Richmond Virginia
$1,000 to $5,000
Abby Parsons, PhD
spirituality teacher | inspirational speaker | online grief coach
Wilmington, North Carolina
$500 to $3,500
Elaina Farnsworth
Empowering people in a connected world.
Jodi Pliszka, M.S.
Innovation Expert - Award Winning Author & Inventor, President/CEO, Enterprising Woman of Year Award, and more!
Milwaukee, WI
$0 to $7,500
Qiana Budd
Speaker/Author - Domestic Violence & Healthy Relationship topics for Men, Women & Teens
$350 to $1,000
Nicole Greer
On a mission to energize, impact & influence individuals to lead a vibrant life through engaging what is possible using Strategies, Systems, & Smarts!
Kaili Spear
"Your purpose is to make your audience see what you saw, hear what you heard, feel what you felt." - Dale Carnegie


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We love using Google Docs and have also suggested it as a free alternative for Microsoft Office and a handy alternative to editing Word documents, however once you have shifted to using Google Docs, you will still need to upload your documents there to be able to edit and share it with others.
This is no problem if you want to upload a single document, but if you are looking to upload multiple documents to Google Docs, you can save yourself some time by making use of the Freeware Google Docs Uploader which makes use of the Docs API to upload documents to your Google Docs account.
Using the Google Docs Uploader is pretty simple, just download the software and run it by double clicking the application, you will need to signin to your Google Docs account before you can start uploading the documents.
Once you have signed in to your account, just drag and drop the documents you want to upload, and Google Docs Uploader will take care of the rest. You can also choose to assign a right click context menu item, that will allow you to quickly upload word documents from Windows explorer.
Definitely useful and worth downloading if you are a Google Docs user. If you are looking for more handy Google Docs tools, check out Getting The Best Out of Google Docs.


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A full-size 16" thinline in our new Antique Varnish Gold Burst Deluxe
Laminate Top, Deluxe Laminate back and sides with plenty of tone and attitude!
Dual Lollardog eared P-90's.
This guitar is built on a mix of time-honored craft and
ahead-of-the-curve thinking utilizing classic technique with a decidedly fresh
approach. It is designed to make such a
rare and labor-intensive feature more available to guitar enthusiasts, with the
proof in the distinctive look and sound.
The process itself, features six distinct steps starting
with a basecoat application to fill the grain, then moving to color
application, and concluding with a French polish. Ultimately, three or four
coats of material are applied and sanded thin. The result is softer than
lacquer, creating a smoother tone.
If you are looking for that vintage vibe this guitar is for
you. You don't need to spend thousands on that vintage instrument once you put
one of these in your hands.
Fingerboard Radius:12"
Neck Profile:Traditional Even "C"
Nut:Bone 1 3/4"
Fretwire:22 Medium Jumbo Jescar 47104
Scale Length:24.75"
Body Style:16" Thinline
Body Dimensions:16" x 1 3/4"
Body Top:Deluxe Maple Laminate
Back: Deluxe Maple Laminate
Sides:Deluxe Maple Laminate
Truss Rod:Single Acting
Binding:Neck, Body,
Binding Material:Ivoroid
Logo:Pearl Headstock
Inlay:Pearl Split Blocks
Finish:Antique Varnish Gold Burst
Hardware Color:Aged Nickel
Tailpiece:US Bigsby B7
Bridge:Gotoh Relic Series GE104B
Tuners:Gotoh Relic Series SD90
Knobs:Black Top Hats
Neck Pickup:Lollar Dog Ear P-90
Bridge Pickup:Lollar Dog Ear P-90
Pickup Frame:Black Plastic
3 Way Switch:Switchcraft
Switch Tip:Black Switchcraft
Potentiometers:250k Audio Linear
Output Jack:Switchcraft
Strings:D'Addario NYXL .010 - .046


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BP Deepwater Horizon Oil spill and Offshore Drilling Commission, established by President Barack Obama, delivers its final report.
Focuses on future energy policies and strategies, carbon management, waste and energy, solar and wind power, biofuels, clean transport, green property and sustainable architecture.
Focuses on the policies and financial mechanisms necessary to support market growth.
International development summit takes place in the Indian capital.


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Free Line Chart PowerPoint Template is a nice concept of line chart to make presentations and comparison slide designs in Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 and 2013.
Inside this free PowerPoint template for graphics & chart comparison you can find two slide designs with a line chart concept ready to be used in your presentations. There are two slide designs with line chart and area chart template design ready to be used in your presentations. The charts are framed in a rectangle and uses blue professional colors to make it ready for business presentations in Microsoft PowerPoint. You can also use this free line chart PPT template to decorate your marketing & financial PowerPoint presentations or make awesome dashboards in PowerPoint.
You can customize the chart by moving the lines (shapes) and positioning the markers. Below the curve it is filled with a transparent color.
License: cc by 2.0
We're glad you have chosen to leave a comment. Please keep in mind that all comments are moderated according to our comment policy. Do NOT use keywords in the name field. Let's have a personal and meaningful conversation. If you have questions regarding how to download the templates, please visit this link.
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Frequent Links
Convair B-58 Hustler
The Convair B-58 Hustler was the first operational supersonic jet bomber capable of Mach 2 flight.[2] The aircraft was designed by Convair engineer Robert H. Widmer and developed for the United States Air Force for service in the Strategic Air Command (SAC) during the 1960s.[3] It used a delta wing, which was also employed by Convair fighters such as the F-102, with four General Electric J79 engines in pods under the wing. It carried a nuclear weapon and fuel in a large pod under the fuselage rather than in an internal bomb bay.
Replacing the Boeing B-47 Stratojet medium bomber, it was originally intended to fly at high altitudes and supersonic speeds to avoid Soviet fighters. The B-58 received a great deal of notoriety due to its sonic boom, which was often heard by the public as it passed overhead in supersonic flight.[4]
The introduction of highly accurate Soviet surface-to-air missiles forced the B-58 into a low-level penetration role that severely limited its range and strategic value, and it was never employed to deliver conventional bombs. This led to a brief operational career between 1960 and 1970, when the B-58 was succeeded by the smaller, swing-wing FB-111A.[5]
- 1 Design and development
- 2 Operational history
- 3 World Records
- 4 Variants
- 5 Operators
- 6 Aircraft on display
- 7 Specifications (B-58A)
- 8 Notable appearances in media
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 External links
Design and development
The genesis of the B-58 program came in February 1949, when a Generalized Bomber Study (GEBO II) had been issued by the Air Research and Development Command (ARDC) at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.[6] A number of contractors submitted bids including Boeing, Convair, Curtiss, Douglas, Martin and North American Aviation.
Building on Convair's experience of earlier delta-wing fighters, beginning with the XF-92A, a series of GEBO II designs were developed, initially studying swept and semi-delta configurations, but settling on the delta wing planform. The final Convair proposal, coded FZP-110, was a radical two-place, delta wing bomber design powered by General Electric J53 engines. The performance estimates included a 1,000 mph (1,600 km/h; 870 kt) speed and a 3,000 statute mile (4,800 km; 2,600 nmi) range.[6]
The USAF chose Boeing (MX-1712) and Convair to proceed to a Phase 1 study. The Convair MX-1626 evolved further into a more refined proposal redesignated the MX-1964. In December 1952, the Air Force selected the MX-1964 as the winner of the design competition[7] to meet the newly proposed SAB-51 (Supersonic Aircraft Bomber) and SAR-51 (Supersonic Aircraft Reconnaissance), the first General Operational Requirement (GOR) worldwide for supersonic bombers. In February 1953, the Air Force issued a contract for development of Convair's design.[8]
The resulting B-58 design was the first "true" USAF supersonic bomber program. The Convair design was based on a delta wing with a leading-edge sweep of 60° with four General Electric J79-GE-1 turbojet engines, capable of flying at twice the speed of sound. Although its large wing made for relatively low wing loading, it proved to be surprisingly well suited for low-altitude, high-speed flight. It seated three (pilot, bombardier/navigator, and defensive systems operator) in separated tandem cockpits. Later versions gave each crew member a novel ejection capsule that made it possible to eject at an altitude of 70,000 ft (21,000 m) at speeds up to Mach 2 (1,320 mph/2,450 km/h). Unlike standard ejection seats of the period, a protective clamshell would enclose the seat and the control stick with an attached oxygen cylinder, allowing the pilot to continue to fly even "turtled up" and ready for immediate egress. The capsule would float, and the crewmember could open the clamshell, using it as a life raft.[9][10] In an unusual test program, live bears and chimpanzees were successfully used to test the ejection system.[11] The XB-70 would use a similar system (though using capsules of a different design).
Because of heat generated at Mach 2 cruise, not only the crew compartment, but the wheel wells and electronics bay were pressurized and air conditioned. The B-58 utilized one of the first extensive applications of aluminum honeycomb panels, which bonded outer and inner aluminum skins to a honeycomb of aluminum and fiberglass.[12]
The pilot's cockpit was fairly conventional for a large multiengine aircraft.[13] The electronic controls were ambitious and advanced for the day. The navigator and DSO's cockpits featured wraparound dashboards with warning lights and buttons, and automatic voice messages and warnings from a tape system were audible through the helmet sets. Research during the era of all-male combat aircraft assignments revealed that a woman's voice was more likely to gain the attention of young men in distracting situations. Nortronics Division of Northrop Corporation selected actress and singer Joan Elms to record the automated voice warnings. To the men flying the B-58, the voice was known as "Sexy Sally."[14][15]
Weapons systems
The Sperry AN/ASQ-42 bombing/navigation system combined a sophisticated inertial navigation system with the KS-39 Star tracker (astro-inertial navigation system) to provide heading reference, the AN/APN-113 Doppler radar to provide ground speed and windspeed data, a search radar to provide range data for bomb release and trajectory, and a radar altimeter.[16] The AN/ASQ-42 was estimated to be 10 times more accurate than any previous bombing/navigation system.[16]
Defensive armament consisted of a single 20 mm (0.79 in) T-171E-3 rotary cannon with 1,200 rounds of ammunition in a radar-aimed tail barbette.[16][17] It was remotely controlled through the Emerson MD-7 automated radar fire-control system only requiring the DSO to lock-on a selected target blip on his scope and then fire the gun; the system computing all aiming, velocity or heading differential, and range compensation.[16] Offensive armament typically consisted of a single nuclear weapon, along with fuel tanks, in a streamlined MB-1C pod under the fuselage. Incurable difficulties with fuel leakage resulted in the replacement of the MB-1C with the TCP (Two Component Pod), which placed the nuclear weapon in an upper section while the lower fuel component could be independently jettisoned.[18] This had the added benefit of allowing the pilot to "clean up" the aircraft for fuel efficiency or in case of emergency, while still retaining the (somewhat) more slim weapon.
The first prototype, serial number 55-660, was completed in late August 1956.[19] The first flight took place in November 1956.[20] A difficult and protracted flight test program involving 30 aircraft continued until April 1959.[21] The final B-58 was delivered in October 1962.[21]
From 1961 to 1963, the B-58 was retrofitted with two tandem stub pylons under each wing root, adjacent to the centreline pod,[22] for B43 or B61 nuclear weapons for a total of five nuclear weapons per aircraft. Although the USAF explored the possibility of using the B-58 for the conventional strike role, it was never equipped for carrying or dropping conventional bombs in service. A photo reconnaissance pod, the LA-331, was also fielded. Several other specialized pods for ECM or an early cruise missile were considered, but not adopted. The late 1950s High Virgo air-launched ballistic missile was designed to be launched from the B-58 with four test launches of the High Virgo carried out by a B-58 to determine ballistic missile and anti-satellite weapon system capability.[23]
Operational history
The B-58 crews were elite, hand-picked from other strategic bomber squadrons. Due to some characteristics of delta-winged aircraft, new pilots used the Convair F-102 Delta Dagger as a conversion trainer, before moving to the TB-58A trainer.[24] The B-58 was difficult to fly and its three-man crews were constantly busy, but its performance was exceptional. A lightly loaded Hustler would climb at nearly 46,000 ft/min (235 m/s).[25] In addition to its much smaller weapons load and more limited range than the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, the B-58 had also been extremely expensive to acquire.
Excessive program expenditure
Through FY 1961, the total cost of the B-58 program was $3 billion.[26][27] A highly complex aircraft, it also required considerable maintenance, much of which required specialized equipment and ground personnel. For comparison, the average maintenance cost per flying hour for the B-47 was $361, for the B-52 it was $1,025 and for the B-58 it was $1,440. [28] The B-58 also cost three times as much to operate as the B-52.[29] The cost of maintaining and operating the two operational B-58 wings equaled that of six wings of B-52s.[30] This included special maintenance issues with the nose landing gear, which retracted in a complicated fashion to avoid the center payload. Further compounding these issues, the B-58 had an unfavorably high accident rate: 26 B-58 aircraft were lost in accidents, 22.4% of total production. The SAC senior leadership had been dubious about the aircraft type from the beginning, although its crews eventually became enthusiastic about the aircraft. General Curtis LeMay was never satisfied with the bomber and after a flight in one declared that it was too small, far too expensive to maintain in combat readiness and required an excessive number of aerial refuelings to complete a mission.[31] Although the high altitude ferry range of the B-58 was better than the B-47, the lack of forward basing resulted in a requirement for more KC-135 tanker support.[32][33]
Adverse flight problems
While its performance and design were exceptional and appreciated, it was never easy to fly. This was caused by the 60 degree leading edge sweepback of its wing and was inherent in these types of delta wing planforms. It required a much higher angle of attack than a conventional airplane, up to 9.4 degrees at Mach 0.5 at low altitudes. If the angle of attack was too high, in excess of 17 degrees, the bomber could pitch up and enter a spin which had several factors that could mitigate against recovery - if the pilot applied elevon, if the center of gravity was not correctly positioned or if the spin occurred below Script error: No such module "convert".. The B-58 also had stall characteristics that were not conventional. If the nose was elevated, the bomber maintained forward motion without pitching down. Unless large amounts of power were applied, the descent rate increased rapidly.[34] Another problem pilots faced was called "fuel stacking" and took place when the B-58 accelerated or decelerated. It was due to fuel moving in the tanks and causing sudden changes in the center of gravity. This could cause the aircraft to pitch or bank and subsequently lose control.[35] Most notably, the B-58 was very difficult to safely recover from in the loss of an engine at supersonic cruise due to differential thrust.
Operational wings and retirement
Two SAC bomb wings operated the B-58 during its operational service: the 43d Bombardment Wing, based at Carswell AFB, Texas from 1960 to 1964, and Little Rock AFB, Arkansas from 1964 to 1970; and the 305th Bombardment Wing, based at Bunker Hill AFB (later Grissom AFB), Indiana from 1961 to 1970. The 305th also operated the B-58 combat crew training school (CCTS), the predecessor of the USAF's current formal training units (FTUs).
By the time the early problems had largely been resolved and SAC interest in the bomber had solidified, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that the B-58 was not going to be a viable weapon system.[36] It was during the B-58's introduction that high-altitude Soviet surface-to-air missiles (SAM) became a viable threat, especially the SA-2 Guideline, a SAM system the Soviet Union extensively deployed. The "solution" to this problem was to fly at low altitudes, minimizing the radar line-of-sight and reducing exposure time.
Because of the denser air at low altitudes, the B-58 could not fly at supersonic speeds and its moderate range was reduced further, thereby negating the high-speed performance the design paid so dearly for. In late 1965, Secretary McNamara ordered the B-58's retirement by 1970. Despite efforts of the Air Force to earn a reprieve, the phaseout proceeded on schedule. The last B-58s were retired in January 1970 and placed in storage in AMARC at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. The fleet survived until 1977, when nearly all remaining aircraft were sold to Southwestern Alloys for disposal.[37][38] The B-58 as a weapons system was replaced by the FB-111A, designed for low-altitude attack, more flexible with the carriage of conventional weapons, and less expensive to produce and maintain.
A total of 116 B-58s were produced: 30 trial aircraft and 86 production B-58A models. Most of the trial aircraft were later upgraded to operational standard. Eight were equipped as TB-58A training aircraft.
Test aircraft
A number of B-58s were used for special trials. One was specially modified to test the Hughes radar system intended for the Lockheed YF-12 interceptor and the North American F-108 Rapier, which had an extended nose to accommodate the radar and was nicknamed "Snoopy" (see Aircraft on Display). Several improved (and usually enlarged) variants, named B-58B and B-58C by the manufacturer, were proposed but never built.
World Records
The B-58 set no less than 19 world speed records, including coast-to-coast records, and one for longest supersonic flight in history. In 1963, it went from Tokyo to London (via Alaska), a distance of Script error: No such module "convert". in 8 hours, 35 minutes, 20.4 seconds, averaging Script error: No such module "convert".. As of 2015[update], this record still stands.[39][40] The aircraft was serving in an operational unit, and had not been modified in any way besides being washed and waxed. One of the goals of the flight was to push the limit of its new honeycomb construction technique. The speed of the flight was limited only by the speed at which they believed the honeycomb panels would delaminate.[41] This B-58 was called "Greased Lightning" - the codename for the record attempt. (see Aircraft on Display)
Some of the record winning aerospace trophies the B-58 won were the Bleriot trophy, the Thompson trophy, the Mackay trophy, the Bendix trophy and the Harmon trophy.[42]
Singer John Denver's father, Colonel Henry J. Deutschendorf, Sr., USAF, held several speed records as a B-58 pilot.[43]
- XB-58: Prototype; two built.
- YB-58A: Pre-production aircraft, 11 built.
- B-58A: Three-seat medium-range strategic bomber aircraft, 86 built.
- TB-58A: Training aircraft, eight conversions from YB-58A.
- NB-58A: This designation was given to a YB-58A, which was used for testing the J93 engine. The engine was originally intended for the North American XB-70 Valkyrie Mach 3 bomber.
- RB-58A: Variant with ventral reconnaissance pod, 17 built.
- B-58B: Unbuilt version. SAC planned to order 185 of these improved bombers which had uprated J79-GE-9 engines, a stretched fuselage for extra fuel capacity, canards and could carry conventional weapons.[44][45] A prototype B-58B was ordered (S/N 60-1109), but the entire project was canceled before construction began, due to budgetary considerations.[46] The B variant was also planned to be the "mothership" for a Mach 4 parasite called the FISH (for First Invisible Super Hustler). Because It was to be faster and larger than the B-58A, it could carry the FISH instead of the external pod. At an altitude of at least Script error: No such module "convert". at speeds in excess of Mach 2 the FISHs three ramjet engines could be started.[47] The Super Hustler would then disengage from the B-58B and climb up to Script error: No such module "convert". and accelerate to Mach 4.2 to complete its mission.[48][49]
- B-58C: Unbuilt version. Enlarged version with more fuel and 32,500 lbf (145 kN) J58, the same engine used on the Lockheed SR-71. Design studies were conducted with two and four engine designs, the C model had an estimated top speed approaching Mach 3, a supersonic cruise capability of approximately Mach 2, and a service ceiling of about 70,000 ft (21,300 m) along with the capability of carrying conventional bombs. Convair estimated maximum range at 5,200 nautical miles (6,000 mi; 9,600 km). The B-58C was proposed as a lower cost alternative to the North American XB-70. As enemy defenses against high-speed, high-altitude penetration bombers improved, the value of the B-58C diminished and the program was canceled in early 1961.[50]
- 43d Bombardment Wing - Carswell AFB, Texas (1960-1964); Little Rock AFB, Arkansas (1964-1970)
- 63d Bombardment Squadron, Medium
- 64th Bombardment Squadron, Medium
- 65th Bombardment Squadron, Medium
- 3958th Operational Test and Evaluation Squadron (1958-1960)
- 305th Bombardment Wing - Bunker Hill (later Grissom AFB), Indiana (1961-1970)
- 364th Bombardment Squadron, Medium
- 365th Bombardment Squadron, Medium
- 366th Bombardment Squadron, Medium
- Air Force Flight Test Center - Edwards AFB, California (1956-58)
- 6592d Test Squadron
Aircraft on display
Today there are eight B-58 survivors:[51][52]
- 55-0663 - Grissom Air Museum, Grissom Air Reserve Base (former Bunker Hill AFB/former Grissom AFB), Peru, Indiana. This is the oldest remaining aircraft and the fourth B-58 built.[53]
- 55-0668 - Little Rock Air Force Base in Jacksonville, Arkansas.[54]
- 55-0665 (Snoopy) - Edwards Air Force Base, California. This aircraft is a photo target on the Edwards AFB range and is in extremely poor condition.[55][56]
- 55-0666 - Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum (former Chanute AFB), Rantoul, Illinois.[57]
- 59-2437 (Firefly II) - Lackland AFB/Kelly Field Annex (former Kelly Air Force Base), San Antonio, Texas.[58]
- 59-2458 (Cowtown Hustler) - National Museum of the United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio. This aircraft flew from Los Angeles to New York and back on 5 March 1962, setting three separate speed records, and earning the crew the Bendix Trophy and the Mackay Trophy for 1962. The aircraft was flown to the Museum on 1 March 1969. The aircraft is on display in the Museum's Cold War gallery.[59]
- 61-2059 (Greased Lightning) - Strategic Air and Space Museum near Ashland, Nebraska. It averaged 938 nmph flying 8,028 nmi. from Tokyo to London in 8 hours and 35 minutes in October 1963.[60]
- 61-2080 - Pima Air & Space Museum (adjacent to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base) in Tucson, Arizona. It was the last B-58 to be delivered.[61]
Specifications (B-58A)
Data from Quest for Performance[62]General characteristics
- Crew: 3: pilot; observer (navigator, radar operator, bombardier); defense system operator (DSO; electronic countermeasures operator and pilot assistant).
- Length: 96 ft 10 in[63] (29.5 m)
- Wingspan: 56 ft 9 in[63] (17.3 m)
- Height: 29 ft 11 in (8.9 m)
- Wing area: 1,542 ft² (143.3 m²)
- Airfoil: NACA 0003.46-64.069 root, NACA 0004.08-63 tip
- Empty weight: 55,560 lb (25,200 kg)
- Loaded weight: 67,871 lb (30,786 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 176,890 lb (80,240 kg)
- Powerplant: 4 × General Electric J79-GE-5A turbojet
- Zero-lift drag coefficient: 0.0068
- Drag area: 10.49 ft² (0.97 m²)
- Aspect ratio: 2.09
- Maximum speed: Mach 2.0[63] (1,319mph) at 40,000 ft (12,000 m)
- Cruise speed: 610 mph (530 kn, 985 km/h)
- Combat radius: 1,740 mi (1,510 nmi, 3,220 km)
- Ferry range: 4,100 nmi (4,700 mi, 7,600 km)
- Service ceiling: 63,400 ft (19,300 m)
- Rate of climb: 17,400 ft/min (88 m/s) at gross weight[64]
- Wing loading: 44.0 lb/ft² (215 kg/m²)
- Thrust/weight: 0.919 lbf/lb
- Lift-to-drag ratio: 11.3 (without weapons/fuel pod)

Armament
- Guns: 1× 20 mm (0.79 in) T171 cannon[63]
- Bombs: 4× B43 or B61 nuclear bombs; maximum weapons load was 19,450 lb (8,820 kg)
- AN/APB-2 Bombing radar[65]
- AN/APN-110 Doppler navigational radar[66] (part of Sperry AN/ASQ-42 Navigation & Bombing System)[67]
- AN/APN-170 Terrain-following radar[66]
- AN/APR-12 Radar warning receiver[68]
- Hughes Aircraft AN/APQ-69 podded Side looking airborne radar (mounted on RB-58A)[69]
- Goodyear AN/APS-73 podded synthetic aperture radar (mounted on RB-58A)[68]
Notable appearances in media
Jimmy Stewart, a bomber pilot during World War II and a brigadier general in the Air Force Reserve, appeared in an Air Force film, flying in the back seat of the B-58 on a typical low-altitude attack in the film B-58 Champion of Champions.[70]
The B-58 has also appeared in the 1964 film Fail-Safe, where stock footage of B-58s was used to represent the fictional "Vindicator" bombers which attacked Moscow. Interestingly, the art used in the original magazine publication of the novel had depicted the "Vindicator" bombers—itself the recycling of the name of a World War II American dive bomber—as almost identical to B-58s but equipped with canards.[71] This would have given the fictional bombers the appearance of the canceled B-58B (see Variants).
In Fail Safe, a 2000 made-for-TV remake starring George Clooney, the fictional Vindicator bomber was again represented by the B-58 Hustler.
See also
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- Related development
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
- Boeing XB-59
- Dassault Mirage IV
- Myasishchev M-50
- North American A-5 Vigilante
- Tupolev Tu-22 'Blinder'
- Related lists
- ^ Knaack, Marcelle Size. Post-World War II bombers, 1945-1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History, 1988. ISBN 0-16-002260-6.
- ^ Wilson 2000, p. 38
- ^ Martin, Douglas. "Robert H. Widmer, Designer of Military Aircraft, Dies at 95." The New York Times, 2 July 2011.
- ^ "B-58's Sonic Boom Rattles Kentuckians." Chicago Daily Tribune, 19 December 1961. Retrieved: 2 November 2009.
- ^ Morrison, David C. (February 1984). "The Weapons Tutorial: Air-Breathing Nuclear Delivery Systems". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 40 (2): 34. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
- ^ a b Miller 1976, p. 24.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 26.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 28.
- ^ On display at the Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum.
- ^ Convair B-58 Hustler Pilot's Flight Operating Instructions. United States Air Force. p. 107. ISBN 0981652654. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
- ^ Miller 1985, pp. 53–54.
- ^ Loftin, Jr., Laurence K. "Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft. Part II: THE JET AGE. Chapter 12: Jet Bomber and Attack Aircraft. Two Pioneering Explorations". http://history.nasa.gov/. National Aeronautics & Space Administration - NASA Official: Stephen Garber. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 94.
- ^ http://palamar.com/projects/b-58/B-58_Voice_Warning_Messages.htm
- ^ "Sexy Sally Sounds Off." San Francisco Examiner, 30 July 1966, reprinted in United States Naval Institute Proceedings, November 1966.
- ^ a b c d Miller 1985, p. 105.
- ^ "Convair B-58 Hustler Strategic Bomber". AeroSpaceWeb.org. 1997-2012 by Aerospaceweb.org. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 109.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 39.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 42.
- ^ a b Miller 1985, p. 54.
- ^ Hansen 1988, pp. 158, 161.
- ^ "Designation systems." designation-systems.net. Retrieved: 8 December 2009.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 62.
- ^ Higham 1975, p. 31.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 48.
- ^ Hall, R. Cargill. "To Acquire Strategic Bombers - The case of the B-58 Hustler - Air University Review , September-October 1980". Air & Space Power University - Maxwell AFB. Research Division, at the Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
- ^ Converse, Elliott V. Rearming for the Cold War, 1945-1960 (History of Acquisition in the Department of Defense). Office of the Secretary, Historical Office. p. 517. ISBN 978-0160911323. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 69.
- ^ Hall, R. Cargill. "The B-58 Bomber - Air University Review, November-December 1981". Air & Space Power University - Maxwell AFB. Research Division, at the Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ^ Adams, Chris (2009). Deterrence : an enduring strategy. New York, [N.Y.]: IUniverse, Inc. p. 41. ISBN 1440169780. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
- ^ "B-58 Hustler United States Nuclear Forces". FAS.org. Federation of American Scientists - Thursday, May 29, 1997 4:42:40 PM. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
- ^ "B-58 Final Construction". GlobalSecurity.org. 2000-2015 GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
- ^ Hall, R. Cargill. "The B-58 Bomber - Air University Review, November-December 1981". Air & Space Power University - Maxwell AFB. Research Division, at the Albert F. Simpson Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ^ Slade, Stuart (2012). United states strategic bombers 1945 : 2012. [S.l.]: Defense Lion Publications. p. 238. ISBN 057810525X. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
- ^ Sorenson, David S. (1995). The politics of strategic aircraft modernization (1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Praeger. p. 131. ISBN 0275952584. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ Miller 1985, p. 70.
- ^ Veronico, Nicholas A.; Strong, Ron (2010). AMARG : America's military aircraft boneyard. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-1580071390. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- ^ QUALA MATOCHA. "Former Hillje man holds longest supersonic flight record after 50 years" El Campo Leader News, October 23, 2013. Accessed: December 15, 2013.
- ^ Comstock, Charles. "The B-58's Record Flights". 456fis.org. 456th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, Seymour Johnson Air Field NC. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
- ^ Haynes, Leland R. "B-58 Hustler Records & 15,000 miles non-stop in the SR-71". SR-71 Blackbirds at wvi.com. 1996 Leland R. Haynes. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ^ "Trophies won and records set by the B-58". b58hustlerassn.net. B-58 Hustler Association HomePage. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
- ^ Tope, Jessica. "Pope Air Force Base Record Breaking Day." Pope Air Force Base, 12 January 2007. Retrieved: 5 September 2007.
- ^ Slade, Stuart (2012). United states strategic bombers 1945 : 2012. [S.l.]: Defense Lion Publications. p. 238. ISBN 057810525X. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
- ^ Goebel, Greg. "The General Dynamics B-58 & North American XB-70". AirVectors.net. v2.0.1 01 Aug 14 Public Domain. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ "Factsheet: Convair B-58B". NationalMuseum.AF.mil. National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
- ^ "Convair Super Hustler, Fish & Kingfish". AeroSpaceWeb.org. © 1997-2012 by Aerospaceweb.org. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ Hehs, Eric. "Super Hustler, FISH, Kingfish, And Beyond (Part 1: Super Hustler)". CodeOneMagazine.com. © 2014 Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company. Posted 15 March 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ^ Burrows, William E. "The Real X-Jet". AirSpaceMag.com. AirSpaceMag.com March 1, 1999. Retrieved 13 December 2014.
- ^ "Factsheet: Convair B-58C Hustler." National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved: 5 September 2007.
- ^ "B-58 Aircraft History - serial numbers and summary" (PDF). The B-58 Hustler Association. The B-58 Hustler Association. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
- ^ Brewer, Randy A.; Brewer, Alex P. "The B-58 Hustler Page - Surviving Inventory". B-58.com. 2014 Randy A. Brewer and Alex P. Brewer. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
- ^ "B-58 Hustler/55-0663." Grissom Air Museum. Retrieved: 4 December 2012.
- ^ "B-58 Hustler/55-0668." johnweeks.com. Retrieved: 4 December 2012.
- ^ "B-58 Hustler/55-0665." johnweeks.com. Retrieved: 20 May 2013.
- ^ "B-58A (Snoopy) on Edwards AFB photo test range". VirtualGlobetrotting.com. 2014 VirtualGlobetrotting. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
- ^ "B-58 Hustler/55-0666." Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum. Retrieved: 4 December 2012.
- ^ "B-58 Hustler/59-2437." johnweeks.com. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
- ^ "B-58 Hustler/59-2458." National Museum of the USAF. Retrieved: 4 December 2012.
- ^ "B-58 Hustler/61-2059." Strategic Air and Space Museum. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
- ^ "B-58 HUSTLER" Pima Air & Space Museum. Retrieved: 4 December 2012.
- ^ Loftin, Laurence K. Jr. "SP-468: Quest for Performance: The Evolution of Modern Aircraft". NASA. Retrieved: 4 April 2006.
- ^ a b c d Grant and Dailey 2007, p. 293.
- ^ Gunston 1986, p. 162.
- ^ "AN/APA to AN/APD - Equipment Listing." Designation-Systems.net. Retrieved: 3 July 2010.
- ^ a b "AN/APN - Equipment Listing." Designation-Systems.net. Retrieved: 3 July 2010.
- ^ "AN/ASQ - Equipment Listing." Designation-Systems.net. Retrieved: 3 July 2010.
- ^ a b "AN/APR to AN/APS - Equipment Listing." Designation-Systems.net. Retrieved: 3 July 2010.
- ^ "AN/APQ - Equipment Listing." Designation-Systems.net. Retrieved: 3 July 2010.
- ^ "Convair B-58 HUSTLER Champion of Champions". YouTube. United States Air Force. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
- ^ "1962 ... Failsafe". Flickr - Photo Sharing. Flickr, a Yahoo company. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
- Donald, David and Jon Lake, eds. Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. London: AIRtime Publishing, 1996. ISBN 1-880588-24-2.
- Grant, R.G. and John R. Dailey. Flight: 100 Years of Aviation. Harlow, Essex: DK Adult, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7566-1902-2.
- Gunston, Bill. American Warplanes. New York: Crown Publishers Inc., 1986, p. 162. ISBN 0-517-61351-4.
- Gunston, Bill. Bombers of the West. London: Ian Allan Ltd., 1973, pp. 185–213. ISBN 0-7110-0456-0.
- Hansen, Chuck. U.S. Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History. Arlington, Texas: Aerofax, 1988. ISBN 0-517-56740-7.
- Higham, Robin, Carol Williams and Abigail Siddall, eds. Flying Combat Aircraft of the USAAF-USAF (Vol. 1). Andrews AFB, Maryland: Air Force Historical Foundation, 1975. ISBN 0-8138-0325-X.
- Miller, Jay. Convair B-58 Hustler (Aerograph 4). Midland, UK: Aerofax, 1985. ISBN 0-942548-26-4.
- Miller, Jay. "History of the Hustler." Airpower, Vol. 6, No. 4, July 1976.
- Swanborough, Gordon and Peter M. Bowers. United States Military Aircraft Since 1909. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 1989. ISBN 0-87474-880-1.
- United States Air Force Museum Guidebook. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.
- Wagner, Ray. American Combat Planes of the Twentieth Century. Reno, Nevada: Jack Bacon and Co., 2004. ISBN 0-930083-17-2.
- Wilson, Stewart. Combat Aircraft since 1945. Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2000, p. 38. ISBN 1-875671-50-1.
- Winchester, Jim, ed. "Convair B-58 Hustler." Military Aircraft of the Cold War (The Aviation Factfile). Rochester, Kent, UK: The Grange plc., 2006. ISBN 1-84013-929-3.
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to B-58 Hustler.
- (1959) T.O. 1B-58A-1 Flight Manual USAF B/RB-58A Aircraft
- "Champion of Champions (1962)" on YouTube
- B-58 Hustler Association Homepage
- Convair B-58 Hustler Rendezvous
- Aviation-history.com profile of the B-58
- B-58 photographs from the Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company hosted by the Portal to Texas History


text:
Before today, the only way you could fly to Cuba was out of Los Angeles, Miami, and New York. You had to be a student on an educational trip or a religious group. Announced today, the Customers and Border Protection agency has added Baltimore, Dallas/Fort Worth, New Orleans, Pittsburgh, Tampa, Atlanta, and San Juan, Puerto Rico to the list of airports that have permission to schedule flights to and from Cuba. Flights, which are chartered flights and not regularly scheduled because of the restrictions, won't start until the end of the year.
While this has made national news, I don't think it's that big of a deal considering the travel restrictions are still in place. This severely limits the number of people who can go to Cuba but that hasn't stopped some politicians from speaking out against it.


text: CFS & Fibromyalgia Living With Massage Cushion for Fibromyalgia and ME/CFS Pain By Adrienne Dellwo linkedin Adrienne Dellwo is an experienced journalist who was diagnosed with fibromyalgia and has written extensively on the topic. Learn about our editorial process Adrienne Dellwo Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Grant Hughes, MD on January 04, 2016 linkedin Grant Hughes, MD, is a board-certified rheumatologist. He is an associate professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine and the head of rheumatology at Seattle's Harborview Medical Center. Learn about our Medical Review Board Grant Hughes, MD Updated on July 27, 2019 Print More in CFS & Fibromyalgia Living With Symptoms Integrative Therapies Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Support & Coping Understanding Fibromyalgia Understanding CFS Related Conditions View All You have a lot of options when it comes to massage devices you can use at home. However, it can be hard to tell whether a particular one will be worth the money, especially when you have the unique types of pain associated with fibromyalgia. In my opinion, as a person with fibromyalgia, the Homedics Shiatsu Back & Shoulder Massaging Cushion is a great product for people with a lot of stiffness or pain in their back, shoulder, and neck muscles because of how many options it has. However, there are some things you may want to consider, depending on your specific symptoms. Peter Glass / Getty Images Pros Helps relax back, shoulder, and neck musclesEasy to move to wherever you want to use itGreat options like "spot" massage, width adjustment (to get closer or farther out from the spine) and heatGets the shoulders and neck better than many similar products Cons "Dead spot" between the back section and shoulder sectionThe somewhat coarse fabric coveringOveruse leaves muscles tenderPrice—it's pretty spendyNeeding to store it Description Black and gray cushion that sits in a chair or couchStraps on the back can be used to secure it to a chairMassagers light up red when the heat is turned on Review of the Homedics Shiatsu Back & Shoulders Massaging Cushion As someone who's had chronic back and neck pain for more than three decades, I've tried a lot of different massage chairs and chair cushions. My biggest complaint has always been that they don't work well enough on the neck and shoulders. It was also annoying that you couldn't set them to massage one particular spot. Instead, it had to go all the way up and down, only hitting the most painful spots for a few seconds per cycle. When I saw the Homedics Shiatsu Back & Shoulders Massage Cushion, I was excited right away: it has the shoulder section at the top that stays in one spot and also allows you to move it up and down; the main back section also has a "spot" button so you can get the message exactly where you need it most; both areas offer heat; and the main section gives you the option of shiatsu (small circles) or rolling up and down. On rolling mode, the width is adjustable. Because of all these options, I much prefer this massage cushion to other cushions or massage chairs that I've tried. The one real drawback is that it has a "dead spot" in between the shoulder area and the back area. By using mine in a recliner and sitting on a pillow or two, I'm able to adjust where it hits and, eventually, get everything massaged to my liking. When it comes to muscle and joint pain, in my opinion, this cushion is extremely good. However, it may be irritating when it comes to certain types of fibromyalgia pain, especially tactile or mechanical allodynia (pain from light touch or rubbing). You want to make sure to have a soft fabric between your skin and the cushion because the covering is fairly coarse. I do not recommend using it on bare skin. It's important not to over-use the massage cushion, too. It automatically shuts off after a certain period of time, and for good reason. I've made the mistake of doing multiple cycles in one area of my back. It felt great at first, but later on, my muscles were really tender and I felt bruised for a few days afterward. Also, the manufacturer warns against leaving the "spot" massager in one spot for too long when you have the heat on, and when I've forgotten to move it in time it has started to get the area uncomfortably hot. The cushion isn't comfortable to sit on when you're not using it, which means you may be taking it on and off of a chair frequently. When it's not being used, you need to find a place to store it. Mine ends up sitting around more than I'd like because I don't have the energy to put it away somewhere and I like it to close at hand when I'm hurting. None of the drawbacks, however, have kept me from using this massage cushion just about every day since I got it as a gift. I frequently get on it to help work out my morning kinks and again to relax my back muscles before bed. If you're looking for a more affordable option or something smaller, you may want to consider the HoMedics Massage Pillow. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Learn about treatment and lifestyle changes to cope with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Sign Up You're in! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other Inaccurate Hard to Understand Submit


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My name is Heidi and I am a mom to two trendy tots; Ari & Giada.
The days are long, but the years are short. Ain't that the truth?
As a full-time working mom I try to take full advantage of the time I do have with my kids. Even though sometimes that means cramming in 2 playdates, skipping nap, and pulling a last minute stop to play… all in one Saturday. Its worth it. Seeing them happy is all that matters to me. I make silly dinners, go all out for holidays, and let them help me in the kitchen. The time I have with these tiny people isn't infinite. One day they won't be young anymore and I don't want to look back and wish I would have done more.


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North Dakota Child Protection Program
NEW: Recognize the Signs of Child Abuse and Neglect during the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 28, 2020)
- Protect the health and welfare of children by encouraging the reporting of children who are known to be or suspected of being abused or neglected
- Provide adequate services for the protection and treatment of abused and neglected children and to protect them from further harm
- Identify the cause of children's deaths, where possible; Identify circumstances that contribute to children's deaths; and recommend changes in policy, practices, and law to prevent children's deaths
The law governing child protection services is NDCC 50-25.1.
- Institutional Child Protection Services
- The North Dakota Child Fatality Review Panel (NDCFRP)
- Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention
- Other Topics (Mandated Reporters, Reporting Suspected Abuse or Neglect What Happens After a Report is Received, and Appeal Rights)
Institutional Child Protection Services
Institutional child abuse and neglect is defined by North Dakota Century Code 50-25.1-02 as, "situations of known or suspected child abuse or neglect where the person responsible for the child's welfare is an employee of a residential child care facility, a treatment or care center for mentally retarded, a public or private residential educational facility, a maternity home, or any residential facility owned or managed by the state or a political subdivision of the state."
When a child is suspected of being abused under circumstances that fit within this definition, the suspicion of possible child abuse or neglect can be reported to the regional supervisor of child protection services at the Regional Human Service Center in the region where the facility is located. Certain professionals are required by law to make reports whenever child abuse or neglect is suspected. SFN 960 may be used to make a report of suspected institutional child abuse or neglect.
North Dakota Child Fatality Review Panel (NDCFRP)
- Is a multidisciplinary, multi-agency member appointed panel created by the North Dakota legislature in 1996 through an amendment to North Dakota Century Code Chapter 50-25.1
- Reviews deaths of all minors (under 18 years of age), which occur in the state
- Shares information and reviews compiled data to discover the circumstances surrounding a child's death and to identify trends or patterns in the deaths. Patterns can be used to guide efforts to prevent children's deaths by recommending changes in policy, practice and law.
- Meets on a regular basis (Meetings are closed to the public and all case discussions and documents, except for an annual report are confidential.)
- Contact information for the NDCFRP can be found within the annual reports.
Child Abuse And Neglect Prevention
The Child Protection Program supports and funds numerous child abuse and neglect prevention activities in collaboration with both public and private partners.
Prevention efforts include:
- Community-based child abuse prevention grant activities
- Parenting education through the Parent Education Network and Nurturing Parent Programs
- Support to Prevent Child Abuse North Dakota
- Child Abuse prevention month activities each April
Other Topics
- NEW Final Report to Legislative Management: North Dakota Task Force on Substance Exposed Newborns (2015-2016)
- NEW Report provided to the North Dakota Task Force on Substance Exposed Newborns (2016)
- Mandated Reporters
- Reporting Suspected Abuse Or Neglect
- What Happens After A Report Is Received
- Appeal Rights
Mandated Reporters
Professionals having knowledge of or reasonable cause to suspect that a child is abused or neglected, or has died as a result of abuse or neglect, must make a report of the circumstances.
Professionals required to report are:
- physician, nurse, dentist, optometrist, dental hygienist, medical examiner, coroner, or any other medical professional
- mental health professional
- religious practitioner of the healing arts
- school teacher or administrator, school counselor
- addiction counselor
- social worker
- any child care worker
- foster parent
- police or law enforcement officer
- juvenile court personnel, probation officer, Division of Juvenile Services employee
- member of the clergy
- Any person having reasonable cause to suspect that a child is abused or neglected, or has died as a result of abuse or neglect, may report such circumstances
NEW Online Interactive Training for Mandated Reporters
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse or Neglect
A person mandated to report, or any person wanting to report suspected child abuse or neglect, should contact the County Social Service Office in the county where the child is. Each of the 53 County Social Service Offices serve as the N.D. Department of Human Services' designee for child protection services.
- Reports of suspected child abuse or neglect may be made verbally or in writing
- If requested by the county social service office, a verbal report must be followed by a written report
- The state's reporting form, SFN 960, is available at county social service offices
What Happens After a Report is Received by Child Protection Service Staff?
When the county social service office receives a report of suspected child abuse or neglect the following occurs:
- Analysis of the information in the report to determine what actions to take for an assessment
- Assessment of the concerns in the report to find the facts
- Decision about whether services are required for the protection and treatment of an abused or neglected child
- Referral to juvenile court for review if services are determined to be required and court ordered services or protective custody is needed
- Provision of protective services to the family such as parenting education, counseling, supporting services, foster care, etc.
- Brochure: What Happens Next? - A guide to ND child protection services (31kb pdf)
Appeal Rights
FORM - Request for Appeal of the Child Abuse & Neglect Assessment Decision (SFN 462)
The caregiver (subject of the report of suspected child abuse or neglect) has a right to appeal the decision of whether services are required for the protection and treatment of an abused or neglected child.
A request for an appeal must be in writing on forms developed and provided by the department. The written request for an appeal and formal hearing should be submitted to:
Appeals Supervisor
N.D. Department of Human Services 325
600 East Boulevard Avenue
Bismarck, North Dakota 58505-0250


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Meet the board
The Yorkshire Housing board works with the committees and directors team to ensure that business is dealt with effectively, decisions are taken at the most appropriate level and the results of those decisions enhance our performance. Find out more about how Yorkshire Housing is governed.
From time to time we have places available on our board. If you'd like to be kept informed of new vacancies, sign up for alerts on our careers page where all current vacancies are listed.
At Yorkshire Housing we're really proud of our history.
Find out more about how we are governed.
Will Lifford
Chair of the Board
Will is a chartered accountant and a former UK head of audit with accountants Grant Thornton. Since retiring, he has held a number of non-executive roles in the public, charity and not-for-profit sectors. He is a former trustee and Chair of Martin House Children's Hospice and is currently a board member of the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority.
Will is a member of the governance committee.
Sue Hall
Vice Chair
Sue has more than 30 years' leadership experience in IT transformation, risk management and consultancy. She was formerly director of information systems and strategy with leading global law firm, Linklaters, and is the lead non-executive director and board chair at the Valuation Office Agency.
Sue is chair of the governance committee.
Linda Christon
Linda has 30 years' experience working in housing, health and social care. Formerly a regional director of the Commission for Social Care Inspection.
Linda is chair of the customer services committee.
Richard Flanagan
Richard is a chartered surveyor with over 25 years' experience in commercial development, valuations and development consultancy. He currently runs his own property consultancy and is a chair of RICS APC assessment panels, determining whether candidates are competent to practice.
Richard is the chair of the development committee.
Alison Hadden
Alison began her housing career 30 years ago and has spent the past eight years as a chief executive. Alison is currently the chair of Stafford and Rural Homes and continues to work as an experienced interim manager within housing. Alison is committed to bringing her considerable experience of the sector to benefit our customers.
Alison is a member of the risk and assurance committee.
Naz Parkar
Naz has worked in social housing for over 30 years, and joined the Home and Communities Agency as head of investment before becoming an executive director in 2013. Naz re-joined local government in 2017 as the director for economy and infrastructure and in 2018 moved to the role of director of growth and housing at Kirklees Council. He lives in Yorkshire and is keen to make a genuine difference to communities in the region.
Naz is a member of the development committee.
David Perry
David is a retired managing director of several Shell UK subsidiaries. He also spent time leading the European operation of a foreign exchange brokerage, giving him significant experience in the world of commercial finance. David has been involved with Yorkshire Housing for several years.
David is a member of the customer services committee
Philip Severs
Philip is a chartered accountant. He has substantial public and private sector experience and has held a number of non-executive roles throughout his career. He was formerly finance director of Sheffield Hallam University and a non-executive member of Chesterfield Royal Hospital Foundation Trust. He is currently Chairman of Harrogate Healthcare Facilities Management LTD, a wholly owned subsidiary of Harrogate & District Foundation Trust.
Philip is chair of the risk and assurance committee.


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Is there any way to setup multiple carp vip's without creating a separate hostname.if file for each address?
Our colo has provided us with a /25 external network. Three addresses from this range are required for the colo gateway and my redundant firewalls. I would like the rest of the addresses to be vip's shared by the firewalls.
I can easily create a script to help write the 123 hostname.if files... It just seems like there should be a better way to summarize this info.
Would it be better to ask the colo to route all my traffic to one vip? I am not sure if they will do this.


text:
China has always been on my travel bucket list. So when an opportunity came up to go on exchange with a university there, I was definitely not going to let it pass. In a regular meeting with my professor one day, he asked if I would like to go for a short exchange programme to study at Hefei University of Technology. For a split second, I thought he was kidding, so I jokingly said "yes". Little did I know he was serious and three weeks after that meeting, I found myself boarding a plane to China.
As a first-time traveller in China, I experienced many new things during my exchange and also ran into a few hiccups.
I climbed up to the school's rooftop and was rewarded with this beautiful view.


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Come away with me on a buttery, toasty guide to the most delicious lobster rolls in Connecticut via the Connecticut Lobster Roll Trail…
Connecticut Lobster Roll Trail
Butter vs. mayonnaise? Always butter with a hint of lemon. Hot dog bun vs. hamburger bun? I don't care as long as I'm eating my lobster roll in a shack or hut or on a landing or in the rough. I'm happy to let other people debate the ideal topping or carb-vehicle for their lobster roll.
For me, the best part of the lobster roll is the hunt for the best lobster roll. The lobster roll trail in Connecticut will take for your tony Fairfield County towns to the docks in New London and Groton. It will make you feel like you're actually experiencing summer in Connecticut rather than just flipping through images on Instagram. And I know summer days are fleeting, so I've done the research and put together some suggestions for you to hunt the perfect lobster roll. I divided up the trail into three sections with lots of recommendations on where to eat and what to do nearby. (And if I'm missing your favorite, let me know in the comments!)
You can choose to sample a roll at each outpost in one day (lucky you) or divide this up over a few weekends (or a lifetime).
Before You Hit the Trail:
- Most of these restaurants are basically shacks on a dock unless noted. Expect no frills.
- That said, lobster is expensive, so expect to pay upwards of $16-18 for each lobster roll, and that does not include sides. If this seems expensive to you, I recently paid $45 for a lobster roll on Long Island.
- Please call ahead or check the restaurant's website before you go in the off-season.
- Just to be on the safe side, bring cash!
New London-Groton Area of the CT Lobster Roll Trail
Lobster roll snobs, of which there are several, will say the New London-Groton arc of the Connecticut Lobster Trail is the most authentic and therefore the only real place to get lobster rolls. It's certainly the most New England-y. Start your journey in Mystic or Groton and work your way up or down.
If you are staying in Mystic, at the casinos, traveling from Rhode Island or Massachusetts, or points "north" on 195, these are the most convenient places to for you to visit.
Captain Scott's Lobster Dock
80 Hamilton St
New London, CT 06320
On the water, BYOB. Also known for their clam fritters.
Abbott's Lobster in the Rough
117 Pearl St
Noank, CT 06340
On the water, BYOB.
Ford's Lobsters
15 Riverview Ave
Noank, CT 06340
On the water, BYOB, expanded menu.
Harbour House Restaurant & Bar
3 Williams Ave
Mystic, CT 06355
Indoor restaurant with outdoor seating.
Things to Explore Nearby:
- Chill out at Harkness Memorial State Park – one of the most picturesque beaches in Connecticut. I visited a few summers ago.
- Get a drink at the Black Sheep in Niantic where they are known for their craft beers.
- Bluff Point State Park – more for beach walking than beach lying or sitting, Bluff Point is undeveloped and raw and beautiful. Highly recommended.
- The Oasis Pub in New London is a good jumping off point for the downtown New London area. Set your GPS to 16 Bank St, New London, CT 06320.
- Explore Mystic Village, obviously. But don't go to Mystic Pizza because the pizza kind of sucks and the whole point are the lobster rolls, right? Point your GPS to the Seaport and then just walk around and explore: 75 Greenmanville Ave., Mystic, CT 06355
Westbrook-Clinton Area of the CT Lobster Roll Trail
Here's where things get a little crazy. There are a lot of options in this 'hood, so I've starred the ones that repeatedly rise to the top of the best-lobster-rolls-in-Connecticut debate. The others are worthy options, but if you are just looking for the 2-minute version of "the best" go with the starred options.
The Westbrook-Clinton arc of the Connecticut Lobster Roll Trail straddles New Haven and Middlesex Counties. This is the area traditionally known as the beginning of the "Shoreline" and is most convenient if you're visiting a public beach like Hammonasset or traveling from the Hartford area.
The Lobster Pound in Guilford*
505 Old Whitfield St
Guilford, CT 06437
On the water, BYOB, you can buy a fresh lobster to take home as well.
The Lobster Shack
7 Indian Neck Ave
Branford, CT 06405
On the water, BYOB.
Lenny & Joe's Fishtail
1301 Boston Post Road
Madison, CT 06443
Indoor restaurant with outdoor seating.
Lobster Landing*
152 Commerce St
Clinton, CT
On the water, BYOB, pet-friendly, closed on Tuesdays, outdoor seating and tented area.
Westbrook Lobster Restaurant and Bar
346 E Main St
Clinton, CT 06413
Indoor restaurant.
Rocky's Aqua
34 Riverside Dr
Clinton, CT
Indoor restaurant with outdoor seating.
Bill's Seafood Restaurant*
548 Boston Post Rd
Westbrook, CT 06498
Indoor restaurant with outdoor seating.
Lenny & Joe's Fishtail
86 Boston Post Road
Westbrook, CT 06498
Indoor restaurant with outdoor seating.
Johnny Ad's
910 Boston Post Rd
Old Saybrook, CT
Indoor restaurant white outdoor seating.
Things to Explore Nearby:
- The Guilford Town Green is worth the drive itself. Set your GPS to: 11 Park St, Guilford, CT 06437 and take a stroll.
- Explore Grass Island in Guilford.
- Lenny and Joe's is literally (I mean literally) down the road from Hammonasset State Park, Beach, and Natural Preserve area.
- Get a drink at the Madison Beach Hotel.
- Take a walk at the Rockland Preserve.
- Stroll the Madison Town Green starting at Boston Post Road at Copse Street.
- Tour Salt Meadow.
- Stroll Clinton's quainty-quaint Main Street. Set your GPS to: 103 E. Main Street, Clinton, CT and park in front of "Old Brick"
- Stop on the CT Wine Trail at Chamard Vineyards.
- Skip the outlets and shop the Clinton Antiques Center at 73 E Main Street, Clinton, CT.
- Tour Bushnell Farm in Old Saybrook.
- If you choose to just do a day trip to Old Saybrook, a stop in Essex is always recommended.
Fairfield to New Haven Area of the CT Lobster Roll Trail
This is the "southern arc" or the Lobster Roll Trail, so if you're coming from New York City or points south (really, west), this will be the most convenient route for you. It's more driving, but the scenery is beautiful, and if you can avoid traffic on 95 (or really, avoid 95 altogether) it can be pleasant. If you don't have a car, you can take Metro North.
Boothbay Lobster Company
Harbor Point
14 Harbor Point Rd
Stamford, CT 06902
Food truck.
The Restaurant at Rowayton Seafood
89 Rowayton Ave
Norwalk, CT 06853
Indoor restaurant on the water with water views.
Lobster Post
222 Post Rd
Fairfield, CT 06824
Indoor fast food restaurant.
Knapp's Landing Restaurant
520 Sniffens Ln
Stratford, CT 06615-7559
Indoor restaurant with outdoor seating.
Danny's Drive-in
940 Ferry Blvd
Stratford, CT 06614
Outdoor drive-in restaurant.
Off the Hook Bar & Grill
170 Ferry Blvd
Stratford, CT 06615
Indoor restaurant.
The Lobster Hut
826 Bridgeport Ave
Milford, CT 06460
Food truck.
Stowe's Seafoood
347 Beach St
West Haven, CT 06516
Outdoor seating.
Lenny & Joe's Fishtail
501 Long Wharf D
New Haven, CT 06511
Indoor restaurant with outdoor seating.
Westbrook Lobster Restaurant and Bar
300 Church Street
Wallingford, CT 06492
Indoor restaurant with outdoor seating.
Things to Explore Nearby:
- Stop by for a brewery tour at Two Roads in Straford.
- Shop SoNo aka South Norwalk
- Fairfield's beautiful and colorful Penfield Beach or Westport's Sherwood Island State Park.
- There is so much to do in the New Haven area, but let's focus on summer-y thing: Silver Sands State Park in Milford.
Off the Connecticut Shoreline
It's not the same experience as eating on the water (or in a town that's on the water) but this is Connecticut, so you can get a good lobster roll pretty much anywhere in the state. Someone on the Facebook page even suggested Stop-N-Shop.
West Shore Seafood
449 Bantam Lake Rd
Morris, CT 06763
Hank's Dairy Bar
1006 Norwich Rd
Plainfield, CT 06374
A'vert Brasserie
35 LaSalle Road
West Hartford, CT 06107
Deary Bros Mike's Stand
12 Intervale St
Putnam, CT
If I'm missing your favorite, please let me know in the comments!28


text:
Brett Denita Baskin
Mr. Blair
World lit 122 - A
December 2, 1996
The use of sex in advertising has become a major selling method in the society we live in today. It began sixty years ago when a beautiful young woman introduced the first windproof lighter and a new wave of advertising emerged - The Pinup Girl. She advertised everything from lighters to laundry soap. She even recruited for the U.S. armed forces (Parade Magazine; pg 6). Sexuality in advertising is now a major area of ethical concern, though surprisingly little is known about its effects or the norms for it's use (Baltimore Sun; pg. 1G). Advertisers use of sex appeals has grown and become widely present throughout the U.S. and really most of the world, but it has never really been clear the line between offensive and effective advertising. Over the last couple of years, commercial content, like programming, has gone through a significannot maturing
process. Sex has become a driving force. NBC's vice president for advertising standards, Rick Gitter, acknowledged that the 1990's reality can't be denied (Baltimore Sun; pg. 1G).
Ann Klein's company's ads are some of the most striking ads that are carried in the main stream media. They have received only a few negative letters, but they've drawn a huge amount of attention (Baltimore Sun; pg. 2G). "We wanted the women to say, 'Hey,' and we have gotten a fantastic response," there's a fine line between doing something new, different and interesting, and angering your customer with offensive commercials that spoil their commercial intent. An Ann Klein spot that showed a man kissing a woman and beginning to unbutton her shirt, was not allowed to air by wary network censors, recalled company vice president Nancy Lueck (Baltimore Sun; pg 2G). Calvin Klein, an American clothing manufacturer that courts the glamorous young, drew great disgrace and shame earlier this year for some particutlarly gamine youth who lolled about wearing their underpants in a recent campaign, which the network censors also withdrew (The Economist pg. 53). "Sexiness, as a component of the good life, is a staple for advertisers ; Coca Cola decorated its drug store posters at the turn of the century with beautiful young women whom male drinkers might hope to date and female drinkers might emulate (The Economist pg. 54)." One has only to pick up any issue of a fashion magazine and page after page is filled with advertisements attempting to correlate sex and beauty with the purchase of their products.
The current flood of sex in advertising is often promoted in terms of fulfilling erotic fantasies and appetites (D'Emilio and Freeman, 1989). Consumers want to see more, however the use of such appeals is constantly contested in terms of ethics and morality, much as sexual norms and morals in general have been contested throughout both American and world history (The Journal of Advertising, pg 73). Commercials have become a risque as standards loosen. Networks, in an effort to compete with cable television, have relaxed thier censorship standards. Advertising standards have always been defined by the public's tolerance and the shifting moods of courts and government agencies. Even though there are concerns about sex and advertising on the air, on billboards, and in print, it is more accepted now than ever before. However, ads dealing with the environment or nutrition are coming under much stricter contraints. The public has become less sensitive to sexy ads, but increasingly irate about claims involving food and Mother Earth. "While we will tolerate an expansion in areas that may offend our prurient interest, we are not prepared to do that with products that effect our quality of life" said Stuart Lee Friedel, an attorney with the New York based law firm of Davis & Gilbert, who specializes in advertising (Baltimore Sun, pg 2G).
Advertisers are helping to fuel an unhealthy...
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text:
| 8.3°C Belfast
Nato defence ministers have approved a new multinational force to beef up defences of frontline alliance members most at risk from Russia, the alliance's secretary general has said.
Jens Stoltenberg said the new unit will be multinational and will rotate in and out of Eastern European member states rather than being based there.
He said military planners will decide on its composition during the spring.
The new force's multinational composition, Mr Stoltenberg said, will make it clear that for Nato, "an attack on one ally will be an attack on the whole alliance".
Getting firm commitments, or even deciding how many Nato troops should be rotated eastward, may take time, however.
Douglas Lute, US ambassador to Nato, said he expected ministers this week to agree on "a framework" but that actual force levels will probably be hammered out only after consultations with Nato's supreme commander in Europe, US Force General Philip Breedlove.
One Nato official said one proposal being considered calls for the creation of a brigade-sized unit: roughly 3,000 troops.
Reinforcing Nato's presence in Poland and other allies close to Russia "will send a clear signal," Mr Stoltenberg said earlier on Wednesday. "Nato will respond as one to any aggression against any ally."
In the discussions held at Nato headquarters in Brussels, US defence secretary Ash Carter and his counterparts from Canada and the alliance's European members are also expected to discuss what other countries can do to better deter Russia following the Obama administration's February 2 announcement that it wants to quadruple spending on US troops and training in Europe.
A senior Nato official said the US hopes its European Nato partners will commit to new investments for deterrence that would correspond to the 3.4 billion US dollars (£2.3 billion) in extra spending and troops, equipment and training moves the Pentagon is proposing.
The alliance's new blueprint for deterrence relies on rotating some forces through frontline member states and prepositioning supplies there, but also on Nato's capacity to airlift in large numbers of reinforcements quickly in a crisis. It may only be fully ready when alliance heads of state and government meet in July.
"It is now less than six months until our next summit meeting, in Warsaw," Mr Stoltenberg reminded defence ministers on Wednesday. "There remains a great deal to do."
Following a request by Turkey, ministers are also reviewing what the US-led alliance could do to help slow the influx of migrants into Europe by sea, Mr Stoltenberg said.
"We all understand the concern and we all see the human tragedy," Mr Stoltenberg said. He said the discussions could lead to a decision to use Nato air or sea assets to help combat people-smuggling.
The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) on Tuesday said 409 people have died so far this year trying to cross the Mediterranean Sea, and that migrant crossings in the first six weeks of 2016 are running at nearly 10 times the rate of the same period last year. IOM said 76,000 people have reached Europe by sea, nearly 2,000 per day, since January 1.
Germany, the leading destination for the migrants, many of whom are fleeing war or poverty in their homelands in the Middle East or Africa, welcomed the discussions at Nato.
"It is good that the Turkish government has asked Nato to help for the surveillance of the sea. We are aiming at stopping the business of the smugglers," German defence minister Ursula von der Leyen said as she arrived at alliance headquarters.