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Visual + Media Arts
Mar 04 - Mar 08 2002
Jennifer Borel, Wendy Kenigsberg, & Mariah Sawyer Art exhibition spotlighting three Cornell staff members.
Jenniffer Borel created mosaic tile panels depicting human figures with exaggerated displays of emotion.
Wendy Kenigsberg's project, "Fire, Water, Air and Earth," consisted of a series of collages made of assorted media images sewn together to represent each of the four elements.
Mariah Sawyer developed a piece entitled "Revealing the Internal Monologue," a series of shallow wooden boxes with small openings and a person depicted on the outside of the box.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Henry Ford vs. The Amazon Jungle
If you pit a determined multimillionaire industrialist against the Amazon rain-forest, who do you think will win?
Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford's Forgotten Jungle CityPublisher: Picador
Length: 432 pages
Author: Greg Grandin
Price: $16.00
Format: Softcover
Publication Date: 2010-05
Greg Grandin delivers an exhaustively researched account of the jungle utopia US auto pioneer Henry Ford dreamed of in the '20s. The story is meandering, as any great force of nature can't help a few digressions. Grandin demonstrates through countless anecdotes and bits of correspondence that Ford was himself something of a force of nature. Pit a determined multimillionaire industrialist against the Amazon rain-forest, and guess who wins?
Ford's determination and changing nature parallel the great Amazon river in a few ways. The Ford company's focus on the Amazon basin as an ideal location for cultivating rubber trees to use in production of tires for the popular Model T and later the Model A ebbs and flows along with the market and external political forces. Grandin takes the reader through the socioeconomic factors of the day, setting the stage for a solid understanding of the forces at work.
Grandin sets up his story with the background of Ford's success as an industrialist. Ford's tinkering extended outside of the factory and into the lives of his workers. Though he paid high wages for the early twentieth century in America, Ford expected his workers to contribute to society outside of their day jobs. Drinking and other vices were severely frowned upon, and as the company gained higher levels of success, the strict atmosphere of the factories tightened up so that workers began to feel like simple anonymous cogs in a big machine.
As the Ford company gained greater market share in the burgeoning automobile industry and car ownership became more common, it was increasingly important to exert control over various aspects of the supply chain. The rubber market was strong, and cultivation of the trees had moved away from Brazil and over to southeast Asia, where conditions were excellent for cultivation. Grandin writes of various political ingénues with a vested interest in bringing Ford to Brazil to revive the downtrodden rubber industry.
In 1927, Ford acquired 2.5 million acres of land in the lower Amazon region of Brazil, along with significant import and export concessions from the Brazilian government. The land needed to be cleared and planted with rubber trees to supply the Ford motor company`s needs.
While at the outset this may have seemed a simple task, Grandin painstakingly documents the challenges that confronted Ford company managers as they attempted to export American sensibilities to their designated settlement on the banks of the Amazon. The settlement was christened "Fordlandia".
From dishonest employees to malaria to language-based miscommunication, obstacle after obstacle slows the progress of the Ford company's attempts to grow and export rubber. Even getting the town properly provisioned and established proved to be a nigh-insurmountable task, as political forces conspired with the seasons to prevent large ships from dropping off their loads.
For any enthusiast of history and the socio-political foundations of the US auto industry, this is absolutely a fascinating tale. Grandin includes all manner of references to news items of the day and correspondence between the Dearborn, Michigan based Ford company and the various parties in Brazil and locations in between.
The project started as a way to exert control over the global rubber industry. Differences in working conditions and social expectations caused the whole thing to veer off the rails from the start. Grandin documents Ford`s efforts to export a piece of America into the Brazilian Amazon region, shipping supplies to build a veritable American city in the jungle.
Grandin emphasizes the social and moral values extolled by the Ford company and its founder. Various mechanisms existed to keep workers working, and to encourage them to buy into the product they were helping to manufacture. But the same motivating factors that encouraged American workers to buy into the Ford dream in the US did not exist for Brazilians who were accustomed to living in the jungle and working with the natural world to supply their own needs. This cultural clash proved to be the undoing of the dream of Fordlandia.
As a writer of history, Grandin succeeds in providing a great deal of detail about this period of Ford history. The tale is lively and engaging, though readers who are easily distracted may find the frequent digressions to be a deterrent in making it all the way through the story. I found the meandering route of the story telling to be difficult to follow, even as I appreciate the vast quantity of research Grandin performed to write this book. Recommended for auto history aficionados and industrial history buffs, as well as those interested in the impact of Ford`s involvement with the Brazilian economy in the early 20th century.


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Hello to all my Curvy beauties!!! I am coming to you with a review on what I can see as one of the all time hottest salon and spas in Miami. I am talking of course about Camelot Salon & Spa. Located in the heart of downtown Coral Gables, this beautiful, full-service salon is your escape to all things beautiful. I am someone that can easily get frustrated when having to sit and spend a long time at a salon. I can honestly say that after my full day of beauty at Camelot, I was impressed by everything I experienced. When I go in, I see gorgeous wood hairdressing stations and was greeted instantly by their courteous and professional staff.
I was so excited to be given a questionnaire to fill out for the spa director who was going to perform a revitalizing facial on me as well as shape my brows. I was able to explain in detail my skin history, products I currently use, etc. I was offered something to drink and took a seat to prepare for my day. My tour of the salon was fabulous, when you first enter; you see the hustle of the hairdressing area and then walk through a hall to where the nail stations are. It is a truly exceptional layout that gives you the feel of being on a lovely vacation. As I met with Virginia, the spa director I was taken back to another world. Walking through a door that leads you to a realm of total relaxation. It is a true oasis that is separate from the high pace of the hair and nail area.
There are several rooms for different services and relaxation areas where you can sip on a glass of hot tea and take a breather. They offer everything from waxing, facials; detox body scrubs, massage and even teeth whitening services. They also have the most fascinating spa-jet capsule offering the most prestigious and hi-tech body treatments around. The equipment is some of the most advanced in the industry and allows for the best most precise treatments around. My facial was extremely soothing and exceptional especially because of the incredible amount of skill, knowledge and intricate detail that Virginia has. They work with the fabulous brand of Dermalogica skincare that was perfect for me to learn about.
With an caring and soothing touch, I cannot explain how fabulous my face looked and felt. She then shaped my eyebrows beautifully and I was amazed at how fast she was. After that it was on to meet my hair stylist, Shoni who offered me a glass of wine to enjoy. She was incredibly talented and perfect to take care of a chatterbox like me. I learned that she studied at the Paul Mitchell academy and had a great knowledge of color, cut and styling. Plus, we are both fans of the show "Jerseylicious", so we had a lot to talk about. Although I was just doing my regular jet black, I was comforted by her skill and ability. I had a picture on my phone of the cut and style that I was looking for and she truly was an artist. I have worked with several stylists and am very particular about my hair. I could not have been happier with the results.
It was exactly what I was looking for. One thing I really loved about this salon is that they work with ENJOY haircare, a fabulous line coveted in the beauty community made popular by some of Hollywood's top celebrities including Khloé Kardashian and Jennifer Lopez. It is a line that I highly recommend and was truly excited about. Throughout my downtime, I got to meet Rachel Larrea, the owner of Camelot. I was truly impressed with how young she was and just loved talking to her.
She was very attentive and the sociable with all the clients there. I can see that she has generated a fabulous and upscale environment with the staff train to pamper their clients. My final step was my manicure with Teresa, who is by far one of the best and most efficient I have ever seen. She was very friendly and sociable with wonderful talent. She did my mani/pedi in no time and I was so happy. I am one of those strange people that do not like to spend a long time waiting for my nails to dry. Whenever you might think about going to a few different places for certain, look no further then Camelot. They do everything you can imagine under one roof. So all in all, I cannot say more about the high end, upscale environment that is Camelot Salon and Spa. Their techniques are truly trendy and modern to say the least. When I first arrived, there was a young girl waiting to have feather extensions put in. They are on the cutting edge of beauty with a friendly, professional and most of all caring staff. I loved how their main purpose was to pamper their clients to the fullest. So when you are looking for a fabulous place to escape and get luxury pampering, Camelot Salon & Spa is the place to be. For more information, go to: www.camelotspa.com. You can also check out this video below that was made for them by living Social. Stay beautiful my Curvy dolls!!!
KeKe Simót
Digital Marketing Expert (15yrs+). Editor of CURVY Magazine. Award Winning Producer. Geek. Stylenista.


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Vegetables and fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals that are vital to human health. But when they are heavily sprayed with pesticides, the residue has the opposite effect.
The Environmental Working Group (EWG) has recently issued a shopper's guide on clean and dirty produce. Among 48 common produce selected, 70 percent were found to be contaminated with pesticides. According to the data collected by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), about 178 different kinds of chemicals were found among 35,000 produce items. The toxic residue remains even after washing or peeling.
Strawberries top EWG's list of fruits and vegetables with the most amount of pesticides found.
The USDA's survey has shown that 98 percent of produce was found to be contaminated with at least one kind of pesticide. Strawberries were found with 20 types of chemicals.
The dirty dozen
- Strawberries
- Spinach
- Nectarines
- Apples
- Peaches
- Pears
- Cherries
- Grapes
- Celery
- Tomatoes
- Sweet bell peppers
- Potatoes
Approximately 80 percent of produce in the clean list was found to be pesticide-free:
The clean 15
- Sweet corn
- Avocados
- Pineapple
- Cabbage
- Onions
- Sweet peas
- Papayas
- Asparagus
- Mangoes
- Eggplant
- Honeydew melon
- Kiwi
- Cantaloupe
- Cauliflower
- Grapefruit
Translated by Cecilia.
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Flag with the logo on it
The Technion – Israel Institute of Technology is a public research university in Haifa, Israel. Founded in 1912, Technion is the oldest university in Israel. The university offers degrees in science and engineering, and related fields such as architecture, medicine, industrial management and education. The university's principal language of instruction is Hebrew. There are three Nobel Laureates among the university staff.
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
By WacoKidd110 @ 2012-09-06 08:59:03
Links: en.wikipedia.org


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First up was Ships, Clocks and Stars, a serious, or at least vaguely sensible, exhibition at the National Maritime Museum about The Quest for Longitude. Not that all the ideas put forward to The Board of Longitude by various characters in the years 1714 to 1828 were entirely sensible when viewed with modern eyes, but there you go.Read more about it here and see more of the ideas put forward to the Board here. There's also a blog here, although I'm not sure whether it'll be further updated now the exhibitions are over.
After a scrummy lunch at the Museum's cafe, I walked up the big hill to the Royal Observatory. A bunch of steampunk artists and crafters had taken over the historic Flamsteed House with their own ideas on how to find Longitude. The main culprits were: Robert Rankin, Lady Raygun, Herr Döktor, Doctor Geof, Emilly Ladybird, Major Thaddeus Tinker, Lady Elsie, Yomi Ayeni and Citizen Griffdawg. Not that their ideas were any less (or more!) eccentric than the originals...
The more historically presented rooms in the house were used to show off a range of costumes and headgear with a Longitudinal theme:
Of which this was my favourite:
We were guided through the rooms by extracts from The Rime of the Ancient Commodore, which explaind that to find out where you are, the best thing to do is to ask the local animals -- or a kiwi bird -- because they always know where they are, until eventually we reached the display areas, which were being used to both showcase steampunk art and design and to give new interpretations on some of the permanent exhibits, which had been re-labelled for the occasion:
Having explored the exhibition as much as I could, I walked back down the hill to the Museum, and a very large ship-in-a-bottle:
There was just time for a quick whiz round the shop, before I headed off towards the Geoffrye Museum, via that shop of wonder known as Nauticalia. But that's another story...
And here are some links to what other people thought about Longitude Punk'd...


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David Gelernter is looking for his pipe.
It's hidden somewhere in his office, among the leaning towers of books, academic reprints, old newspapers, and empty Diet Sprite cans. He ducks and whirls his head around until he spots it on a bookshelf, right next to a copy of the programming linguistics textbook he cowrote, and gives a satisfied smile. But as he fiddles with the pipe, twisting it around and tapping it against the desk, then looking blankly at a bag of tobacco as if unsure what to do, the smile becomes sheepish. He mutters something about affectations and puts the pipe down.
The 41-year-old Yale computer science professor is accustomed to being at the forefront of his field. He codeveloped a successful programming language for parallel computing back when parallel computing was still considered impractical, and he worked on techniques for data mining years before it became a buzzword. But his current project is the most far afield yet. Instead of researching faster hardware or more efficient algorithms, Gelernter is examining the human side of the equation. His team at Yale is studying things like cognitive psychology, design - social sciences, even. And sometimes, he looks like an actor trying to learn a new role.
The project that Gelernter and several of his graduate students are working on is called Lifestreams, and it may completely change how we manage information. Today, our view of cyberspace is shaped by a 20-year-old metaphor in which files are documents, documents are organized into folders, and all are littered around the flatland known as the desktop. Lifestreams takes a completely different approach: instead of organizing by space, it organizes by time. It is a diary rather than a desktop.
This is a more radical vision than it seems. For years, attempts to replace the desktop have been based on simply taking it to the next dimension - the third dimension. Even the cyberspace of science fiction remains profoundly spatial. Recall William Gibson's description: "A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data. Like city lights, receding."
Gelernter's group takes Gibson's cyberspace and twists it around the temporal axis. You hear this in its description of Lifestreams: "Every document you've ever created or received stretches before you in a time-ordered stream, reaching from right now backward to the date you were born. You can sit back and watch new documents arrive: they're plunked down at the head of the stream. You browse the stream by running your cursor down it - touch a document in the display and it pops out far enough for you to glance at its contents. You can go back in time or go to the future and see what you're supposed to be doing next week or next decade. Your entire cyberlife is right there in front of you."
This view of the future is startling, partly because the idea is so obvious. It seems incredible that a good system for organizing chronologically doesn't already exist. But, as anyone who has tried to keep track of many different versions of a document and has had to resort to intricate filenames like letter.4/12.sgs.b knows, today's interfaces practically ignore the temporal dimension.
Almost as radical as the ideas of Lifestreams is that the project was developed by a computer science professor. This breaks with years of academic tradition, which insists that developing practical, easy-to-use applications isn't real research. It's hard to predict whether Lifestreams will have the impact of, say, Xerox PARC's desktop. But just the fact that Lifestreams came from a university, rather than a company or research lab, reveals plenty about where computing is headed.
Taking the S out of CS
"Computer science departments have always considered 'user interface' research to be sissy work," MIT's Nicholas Negroponte replies when I ask him why UI has historically been ignored by academics. The real men (yes, they were mainly men) studied topics like compilers, systolic arrays, and partitioning algorithms. This was hard science, and it involved numbers, mathematical proofs, and empirical evidence. User interface? That was on par with astrology.
The few academics who do study user interface have their own, more blunt way of explaining the field's historical marginalization. "User interfaces have to do with people, and computer scientists don't like to work on problems involving people," says Stuart Card, a leading interface researcher at Xerox PARC. But no matter how it's explained, the result of academia's distaste for UI is clear. As Card points out, "The classic work on user interfaces that sets the current paradigm was invented outside of universities in industrial research laboratories and government-funded institutes."
So why is David Gelernter, one of the leading lights in CS academia, suddenly hip-deep in soft science? Ask a professor who knows him only by reputation, and chances are he or she will blame the Unabomber. Almost four years ago, Gelernter received a package from the Unabomber; it blew off part of his right hand, caused massive chest injuries, and put him in the hospital for several weeks. That, some suggest, could make anyone reexamine their mortality and even do something crazy like become a poet - or an interface designer.
But the real answer is more complex and less personal. Gelernter always had an interest in subjects outside of the strictly technical. He majored in religious studies as an undergrad at Yale and was in the middle of writing The Muse in the Machine: Computerizing the Poetry of Human Thought - a book that attempts to explain human creativity - when he received the Unabomber's missive. The real story is that Gelernter is turning to "soft" computer science because, once again, he is ahead of the curve. He is making CS relevant to the 21st century.
Given the current hype over everything digital, that may sound crazy. How could CS not be relevant in the next century? But the reality is that CS academia was a creation of the Cold War, and in the age of Netscape and Microsoft it's as out of place as an MX missile. As Peter Denning, the computer science department chair at George Mason University and one of the wise old men of the field, puts it, "The old days when we could just go into the back room and develop technology for the DOD are gone. Now we're developing technology for my mother, and that requires a whole new set of skills."
Today, industry is driving the field, and academia is becoming increasingly irrelevant. That's why, when asked about the state of CS, David Gelernter leans back behind his cluttered desk and paints a stark picture.
"For years, computer science has been struggling with antiquated Unix applications when all you had to do was open a MacWarehouse catalog and see applications with 10 times the sophistication of what we were using," opines Gelernter. "For years, computer scientists were treating operating system design as sort of an open-research issue, when the field's direction had been decided by commercial operations. Computer science has become completely cut off from reality."
The problem, he continues, is not only the fault of military funding and its warping effect on academic priorities. It's that academics have not been able to keep up with the terrifying exponential curve that has taken us from the ENIAC to the SGI Indy in 48 years. This is why, Gelernter says, about a quarter of the academics object every time he gives a presentation about Lifestreams, because it won't "scale." They insist that as the number of Lifestreams users grows, the system will have greater and greater computational and storage requirements than can possibly be met.
"Computer science is absolutely lost in a world of abundant power. Academics are still terrorized by issues of scaling. The whole field hasn't gotten to the other side of the moving wave of history. They are still on the resource-conservation side, and it's the other side - the creative, resource-squandering side - where the future is. People are reluctant to go there because they're worried about being criticized for having science fiction scenarios, having their heads in the clouds, not being serious engineers. But that's the intellectually interesting place to be."
Gelernter's grandiose rhetoric and pipe-smoking affectations sometimes remind me of an aging parent in a black leather jacket - he's making a stab at becoming something he isn't. But if computer science is going to shed its old, tired traditions and become a discipline that helps propel the next century, it's going to require professors like David Gelernter and projects like Lifestreams.
The trouble with desktops
Which is not to say that Gelernter came up with the Lifestreams project out of some altruistic and purposeful effort to save computer science - he is also trying to save himself. Save himself, that is, from the steady stream of information that flows into his office and threatens to drown him.
The state of Gelernter's office is discussed by his grad students the way most people discuss the weather. "How many inches?" one asks another, referring to the depth of newspapers, technical preprints, and other academic detritus that covers the carpeted floor. His desk is even worse; it is littered with piles of books that almost entirely obscure the man behind the desk. Clearly this is not someone who would place much confidence in the idea of the "desktop metaphor." Indeed, Gelernter admits that his electronic file system is just as cluttered, just as disorganized, as his physical space.
For Gelernter, this situation reflects an abject failure of technology. A failure that he has no choice but to rectify. With a weary wave of his hand, as if to reflect the unpleasant duties that even the most brilliant minds must sometimes stoop to, he says, "As consumers of computing, we had a responsibility. It had reached the point a few years ago when the tools I had available for organizing my electronic life were wildly, desperately inadequate. I was wasting too much time, and something had to be done."
I would have been tempted to reply with something to the effect of "a wise man doesn't blame his tools," except that recently I had been hearing similar sentiments from other UI researchers. Even Don Norman, an interface guru and fellow at Apple Computer, the true home of the desktop metaphor, had bluntly told me, "The desktop is dead."
The problem, Norman said, is that the desktop has outlived its usefulness. "The desktop worked very well on the old 128K Mac with no hard disk. You could scatter everything around and still see it on the screen. But today we have thousands of thousands of items - more than can possibly fit on the screen."
Perhaps this state of affairs should come as no surprise. In an industry in which obsolescence is measured in days, the desktop metaphor has exhibited astonishing longevity. It made its first appearance on the Xerox Star, developed at Xerox PARC during the late 1970s, where overlapping document windows could be moved around like pieces of paper on the screen. The idea was refined in 1982 and enhanced for Apple's Lisa computer, which used icons to represent files and allowed users to move these icons around the screen and into folders.
At the time, the desktop metaphor was truly revolutionary. It was the visual representation of the secret world of bits. Users saw their files as objects that really existed. And by deciding where to position their files, users could classify them - those located at the top of the screen were the ones to be dealt with first, for example.
But, points out Gelernter, this was "before the Internet in its modern sense, before the explosion of email, before systems had been accumulating files for a decade. Today the desktop is just crazily obsolete. We would consider it ridiculous for people to be routinely driving around in 20-year-old automobiles. Why are we doing it with user interface?"
In trying to answer that question, I found myself digging through musty academic journals in search of alternative methods for organizing our electronic lives. What I turned up was astonishingly sparse. Proposed replacements for the desktop are few and repetitive. I came to lump them together in three categories: spatial, semantic, and networked.
Spatial is the largest by far. Stretching back to 1976, when Negroponte and three others proposed the Spatial Data Management System, researchers have been captivated by the dream geography of data space. They all face the same problem, however, that has rendered the desktop obsolete: scaling. How do you represent such a huge space on such a small screen?
In trying to address this problem, researchers have come up with some fairly clever techniques. For example, George Furnas, formerly at Bellcore and now a professor at the University of Michigan's School of Information, pioneered the idea of "fisheye views," which show distant objects at a smaller size - allowing more icons to be packed onto a screen. At Xerox PARC, Stuart Card and others developed "cone trees," a very efficient method of viewing large hierarchies that works by mapping trees onto three-dimensional cones that can then be rotated by users. While these schemes are vastly better at showing information than the current 2-D desktop, they suffer from problems of their own. Change the position of a file in a cone tree, for example, and the whole tree must be rejiggered, causing users to lose their bearings.
A second, much smaller, group of research has focused on semantic organizations. Instead of sorting files in terms of folders and location, these schemes organize files by content. It's similar to how search engines such as AltaVista and HotBot organize the Web. The best example of this was a short-lived project at MIT called the Semantic File System, which eliminated the directories in Unix and replaced them with means to efficiently address files by their content. It's a compelling solution - I find myself using the Mac's Find command more and more as my hard drive grows - but a bit unwieldy for most uses.
The third type of organization is represented by Vannevar Bush's Memex, Ted Nelson's Xanadu, and today's World Wide Web: documents are organized in relation to other documents by means of links. This kind of networked organization allows for far richer structures than the simple tree hierarchy formed by folders on a desktop. If Microsoft's recent announcements about integrating the Web into the OS pan out, we may soon see a hybrid of these two schemes. Unfortunately, that will only make things more confusing: the classic problem of becoming "lost" in hyperspace will be combined with the visual shortcomings of the desktop.
And then there is Lifestreams. (Despite the seeming obviousness of using chronology as a central organizing principle, Lifestreams' only real predecessor is a proposal published by British psychologist Mark Lansdale in 1992.) Unlike spatial and networked schemes, which require users to come up with their own, highly arbitrary classifications, and unlike semantic schemes that place the burden on the computer, chronological ordering is clearly defined and unarguable. There is no worrying about whether a document belongs in the Letters folder or the New Project folder. It simply takes its rightful place in the time-ordered stream.
Finding documents is easier, too. Instead of following links or guessing keywords, we can simply scroll back in time, using our memory for hints. "Hmm, I remember writing that letter after getting back from Japan." Even better, when we find the document, we also find the surrounding context. Eric Freeman, the Yale PhD who has implemented all of Lifestreams, likes to quote Terry Cook, director of the Records Deposition Division at the National Archives of Canada, to show why this is important. Cook states that the key to effective recordkeeping "lies in being able to determine, sometimes long after the fact, not only the content but also the context of a record in question." And Cook has studied cases in which lack of context made electronic records useless.
Finally, chronological ordering underlies many types of information, making Lifestreams incredibly general and flexible.Not only does it organize your files, it organizes your email. Lifestreams can also act as a calendar by attaching notes to future dates on your lifestream. Visiting a Web page? A card with that URL will be automatically placed into your stream. Even movies that you watch fall into the Lifestreams paradigm: each video frame is a card in the movie substream.
It should be clear that Lifestreams is much more than a file system with time and date information. It's not like using the Mac Finder with the View by Date option selected. Instead, it's an entire architecture that defines the structure of our lifestreams, how they are stored, and the operations that can be performed on them. It is, in Gelernter's words, "a cyberstructure - a data structure that lives on the network."
This reliance on the network is important because it addresses the most common objection to Lifestreams: scaling. How can someone's entire lifestream - ideally starting with that person's birth certificate and including every email they have exchanged and every document they have read or created - be stored on their hard drive? The answer is that it can't. Each person's computer acts as a cache for their lifestream, storing only the most recent documents. Older parts of the lifestream are archived on some server across the network, accessible on demand. Even this will require massive resources, but Gelernter's group feels confident that it will be able to ride the historically steep decline in the cost of mass storage to success.
But it's the five basic operations that are permitted by Lifestreams' architecture - Find, Squish, New, Clone, and Transfer - that really define the system. Find allows the user to enter some criteria, such as keywords of a message title, and then creates a substream of all the entries in your lifestream that meet these criteria. This essentially adds a semantic capability to the system, creating the equivalent of subject directories on the fly. Squish takes a substream and then compresses it, in some content-dependent way. For example, performing a Squish on a movie substream would play the movie. A Squish on a series of stock updates might display a graph of the stock's price over time. This is the most powerful of the basic operations and the most open-ended.
New simply creates a card in the lifestream, and Clone makes a copy of an existing card. Transfer allows a card in one lifestream to be moved to another stream and is essentially a communications operation. To send email with Lifestreams, you transfer a document card from your lifestreams to the recipient's.
Right now, Lifestreams works only on Unix workstations (although Eric Freeman is currently porting the system to Java to make it platform-independent). So while I wasn't able to use Lifestreams to organize my day-to-day electronic existence, I did spend some time at Yale getting the feel of the system. And despite its rather clunky graphical interface - normal for a research project - I found it profoundly appealing. Most notably, I discovered that being able to scroll back through all my documents - whether Web pages or email - provided a very satisfying feeling of being in control, of knowing that everything was still there. That doesn't happen with the desktop. With my Mac, I know about the few files I commonly use, but the rest are buried in folder hierarchies, lurking in places that I haven't explored and no longer remember - they have essentially fallen off the edge of my virtual world.
The client-server model of Lifestreams, whereby most of your data is stored on a remote machine (the server) and your local computer serves only as a cache, also seemed well-suited to how most of us work. I could log in from my Mac at home, my IBM at the office, or my Newton on the road (yes, they initially developed a Newton interface) and still have access to all my files. However, some may find the idea of storing files on a remote machine that isn't under their control a bit disturbing. Gelernter and Freeman promise that encryption will be used in a production version of Lifestreams to protect users' privacy.
What I couldn't tell is if Lifestreams truly succeeds as the next-generation interface. Success, of course, is tough to define for something this general. Certainly it must be better than the current desktop paradigm. But what is the real goal? When I ask Gelernter, he is pointed and succinct: "Every now and then, Lifestreams helps you manage information transactions that you really wouldn't have been able to do any other way. But mainly, Lifestreams cuts down the friction. It makes life less of a nuisance. It makes the overhead go away. And really, the only thing that matters to a person in the end is to have the time - the little time that he's got - and use it the way he wants. That's the whole objective right there: not wasting time."
Evaluating Lifestreams
All of which sounds very good, but it begs an even harder question: How do you measure that?
Deciding whether Lifestreams is successful will determine its fate, but figuring out how to decide will determine the future of computer science.
Because right now, nobody even knows where to begin.
Back when I was a computer science grad student studying parallel computing - just a few years ago now - determining the success of someone's research was terrifyingly black and white and followed a standard pattern. Someone would give a talk about a software application that they had parallelized. They would drone on and on while nobody paid attention until they reached the final part of their talk: the speedup curve. This is a simple line graph that shows how much faster a program runs based on how many processors it uses. Suddenly, everyone would wake up. If the line graph showed that on, say, 32 processors the program ran about 30 times faster, then the project was very successful. If it ran only eight times faster, it was a failure.
That kind of empirical, quantitative evidence has served computer science well. It has allowed us to stay on the exponential curve of improvement mandated by Moore's Law. But it simply doesn't work once the vagaries of human behavior enter the equation. This breakdown is palpable. When Eric Freeman gives talks about Lifestreams - his PhD thesis - none of the other professors at Yale are sure how to judge it. Where's the speedup curve? Suddenly, the whole academic model of CS breaks down.
Of course, there are plenty of other fields outside of engineering that must face this problem. The question becomes which one makes the most sense to emulate. And this is where those involved in user interface research separate into two warring factions: the social scientists versus the artists. The social scientists are those who believe computer science needs to become more like cognitive psychology and ethnography. They believe that empirical data, in the form of rigorous user studies, can be gathered and used to evaluate design decisions. The artists, on the other hand, see any attempt to inject quasi science into what is essentially a creative act as worthless. David Gelernter falls squarely into this latter camp.
"We definitely don't want CS to become like sociology," he begins. "We want to become like architecture, design, or music. Social science can disappear from the universe, and nobody would mind. But art has its own standards that are hard and rigorous. They happen to be subjective, ultimately aesthetic and emotional, but they can be tremendously serious. The problem with sociology is pretending that it's science when it's not. Architecture doesn't pretend to be what it's not. It says, Here is a building. What we try to do is make it beautiful and powerful."
It sounds like a radical position, but it is echoed by people such as Alan Kay, the acerbically opinionated researcher who is largely responsible for inventing the desktop metaphor while at Xerox PARC. His rant on the subject almost exactly parallels Gelernter's, except that he uses musical training - with its emphasis on performance and practice instead of dry academic theorizing - as the model that computer science should emulate.
"If you look at universities in the US, you'll find both musicology degrees and performance degrees. Musicology degrees are like computer science degrees - they are based on papers and analysis, and have very little to do with actually creating something new. But performance degrees are what CS degrees should be like. They train people with the skills you really need."
If you want to see the contrasting assumptions and results of this rhetorical warring between artists and social scientists, look no further than the recent exchange between David Gelernter's colleagues and Bonnie Nardi in the pages of Computer-Human Interaction Bulletin.
Nardi is a tall, sober-looking researcher at Apple Computer and an anthropologist (her PhD involved a computer simulation of bands of hunters and gatherers). While developing an intelligent agent product for Apple, she headed a small experiment to study how users organize and find information. By watching about 15 people do various tasks on a Macintosh and a Windows machine, they found that users rely on visual, spatial cues to locate files and found that few users relied on old, archival information. Both of these findings, they pointed out in a July 1995 paper, were clear support for the desktop metaphor. What they didn't mention, although they could have, is that the findings were also arguments against Lifestreams.
In a rebuttal paper published in the same journal five months later, Freeman and his colleagues challenged the Apple team's conclusions. Of course they discovered that people relied on visual cues, Freeman's team pointed out, because that's all that is available on Macintosh and Windows PCs. It would be like studying people listening to the radio and deciding that they didn't want pictures. As for the assertion that most people don't need archival information, says Gelernter, "this is the sort of observation that intuitively seems wrong, but as you think about it more ... it seems even more wrong." That "most people" doesn't include gardeners who need to know which peas and zinnias tend to do well and keep logs to that end, or stock investors who need to know how a company tends to behave, or people whose cars sometimes break and need to be able to recall that when they heard a noise seven years ago the car was about to break, et cetera.
Unsurprisingly, no real conclusion has been reached in this debate: Nardi has written a rebuttal to Freeman's rebuttal to appear in a future issue of the bulletin. Freeman's team says it'll publish a rebuttal to that. But the debate illustrates the limitations of both approaches. Nardi's research was very effective in revealing how people use the current desktop, but the findings were extrapolated further than they could really go. As Nathan Myhrvold, Microsoft's technology guru, points out, "Doing user testing is a fine thing, but it doesn't help you create. It's the difference between being a proofreader and being a writer."
On the other hand, proofreaders definitely have their place, and there is a consensus among the user interface researchers I spoke with that Gelernter's ideas could use a little more copyediting. As Don Norman, the Apple fellow and cognitive psychologist puts it, "Gelernter is a brilliant man and very logical, but he doesn't know human memory." While it's true, Norman says, that people often remember things with temporal clues, this is just one of many ways - and not necessarily the best way. "The proper solution," he says, "is multiple solutions." This was a line echoed by nearly everyone. Agrees Jakob Nielsen, a user interface researcher at Sun Microsystems, "The temporal dimension is very important, but you cannot just do a time-based interface - it would be as bad as today's spatial interface. People are multidimensional."
Gelernter rebuts these objections by pointing out that Lifestreams is multidimensional: it has the Find command that allows for other searches based on keywords or tags. True - but both of these dimensions are profoundly nonvisual. Given that 70 percent of human input capacity is through our eyes, this seems like a serious shortcoming. Nonetheless, as Gelernter is fond of pointing out, this discussion is in some ways moot. Because, thanks to the revolution that is shaking CS academia, there is a new metric for evaluating work: the marketplace.
The invisible hand
Computer science has traditionally been richly funded by government largess. While grad students in other departments fight for TA positions to pay tuition, computer science students at top universities are almost always supported by money from Arpa, the NSF, or other government grants. The downside, of course, is that computer science research has been bent to the needs of nuclear simulations and the like.
"Lifestreams is, in academic terms, very, very unfundable," admits Gelernter, almost proudly. "It's not what scientists are supposed to be worrying about at all." So, in a twist that is becoming increasingly common, Gelernter looked elsewhere for funding. He turned to venture capitalists. The outcome, he says, has been astonishingly positive. "It has been a real eye-opener for us to discover how much easier it was to make Lifestreams a reality in the commercial world than in the academic world."
Gelernter and Eric Freeman have formed an independent company backed by private investors to create and market Lifestreams. They plan on shipping the first Java alpha version of the product before summer's end. And although they admit that there is pressure on them to move the company out to Silicon Valley, for now it remains based in New Haven, near Yale.
Of course, there has been the predictable hand-wringing about this commercial trend from some quarters. The standard objection is to point to the Arpa-funded creation of the Internet and argue that something like that just wouldn't happen in a market-driven world. Even if you ignore that Ethernet - which was as important to the growth of the Internet as TCP/IP - was developed by Xerox, this argument rings false.
Peter Denning points out that "when we think back over the major advances in technology that created previous eras and the famous names that go with them (e.g., Edison), we see that they were entrepreneurs and did what they did at the indulgence of their companies or with their own resources. There was no such thing as government funding. We had an explosion of technology then, and I see no reason we cannot have another explosion in the years ahead."
Which isn't to say that there aren't dangers. Students at UC Berkeley talk about how, the atmosphere of the department changed noticeably when Professor Eric Brewer recently turned his search-engine research into a commercial product. Suddenly, those students who were working on the system became secretive about their research. Similarly, when Pattie Maes at MIT formed Firefly, one student's thesis was embargoed to keep the inner workings of Firefly private. But while these types of events are disheartening, they are also self-limiting. Those who put commercial interests first will find themselves dismissed from academic circles because they have failed to meet the canonical rule: publish or perish.
Just as important, industry has plenty of reasons to make sure academia stays around. Myhrvold, for example, is hugely supportive of academic research, despite the fact that Microsoft has its own advanced research group. "Why do we need academics? Because we can't hire the world. That's why we present papers at Siggraph and try to support university research: to tap into the global brain."
For now, Lifestreams' future as the next user interface is as uncertain as the rifts in computer science it runs through. As Gelernter points out, "With something like Lifestreams, we won't be able to make any believable assertions about its having worked or not for a decade."
The program should find success in certain vertical markets - such as medical recordkeeping. It makes a lot of sense for a patient's digital record to be seen as a chronological stream of X-rays, prescriptions, and diagnoses.
Although this chronological approach is too one-dimensional for general applications, Lifestreams serves as an important proof of concept. It shows how valuable chronological ordering can be - while showing that chronology by itself is not enough. And pieces of it will most likely be incorporated into whatever does end up killing the desktop.
In short, Lifestreams will have done exactly what all research projects should do: take one idea and stretch it to an extreme. The result may not be suitable for the marketplace "as is," but it certainly bares the idea's strengths and weaknesses.
So how can computer science as a discipline encourage "soft" work like this without losing its rigor and empirical foundations? It can either be torn asunder by the debate between the scientists and the artists, or it can gracefully divide. Just as engineering has gone through a process of mitosis over the years - begetting materials engineering, civil engineering, et cetera - so will computer science.
"Computing has gone from something tiny and specialized to something that affects every walk of life," points out Myhrvold. "It doesn't make sense anymore to think of it as just one discipline. I expect to see separate departments of user interface, for example, to start emerging at universities."
He's almost certainly right. In an influential paper titled "The Computer Reaches Out: The Historical Continuity of Interface Design," Jonathan Grudin of UC Irvine half-seriously compares the development of computers with human development. "In a manner somewhat similar to a growing child, the computer is reaching out into its environment," he argues.
Initially, computer development focused on basic physical functions - hardware. This "computer-infant" interacted only with its parents, the engineers. As it became more accomplished, it expanded its reach with software and peripherals. It learned enough of a primitive language that programmers could teach it to do new tasks. Now, concludes Grudin, computers are reaching out to individuals who are less inclined to adapt to them - end users.
This new stage of computing requires very different pedagogical skills from those possessed by engineers and programmers. Like its offspring, it's time for computer science to grow up.


text:
When the dead talks to the living, one tends to listen to them whether you want to or not. For me, it came in the form of a phone call at 3 a.m., via one of my burner cell phones I had been using that night. The voice belonged to a woman who I was sure I'd never hear from again, but like most clients found themselves dialing my number as a last resort. These calls never fail at being awkward, and was something I was only now starting to get used to. After giving the usual spiel of assurances on my part, she had become much more comfortable with speaking to me in the form of terse orders, and pointed questions meant to test my knowledge in a condescending sort of way with that I obliged with what I thought to be total sincerity while tuning out the rest. It was an obvious, if totally unnecessary power-move on her part to regain some perceived loss of superiority that didn't matter to me whatsoever. However, given my position, I did have to pretend that it mattered, and play along with the mutual charade accordingly; a charade that was much easier for me to pull off over the phone.
"Are you under surveillance right now?" I asked her.
"Yes," she told me.
"So will I need your key code to come into your home?" I asked.
"Yes, I'm not…" she paused, "I'm not entirely human right now. I'll send you the code to the condo so that you can unlock it."
"Maybe I should wait then," I told her.
"No," her voice was a stern venom of persistence over the phone line, "this is a fucking emergency. Get here. Now."
The living also tend to do what the dead tell them to, whether they want to or not.
The condo was owned by her, or rather, she was living in the condo that was owned by a retainer of hers. Not the kind of retainer that was on my level, nowhere near that important; but he was rich, which is usually enough. I could smell the soft pheromones coming from the door as I walked down the white, brightly lit hallway to the pent house suite. I opened the inner pocket of my jacket and pulled out the thumb-pin-sized syringe containing the inoculation I'd need to take before entering. I quickly shoved the needle into a vein along my arm and just as quickly pocketed the thing. The serum, as well as the pain, was immediate. My body shivered like a cold fever while the serum went through the process of blocking any receptors to my sense of smell or taste for the next four hours. A bit extreme, but my life depended on it. I'd just as well be another victim to them otherwise; another pawn if I breathed in the pheromones long enough or taste something tainted within the condo. I'm more useful to them alive than dead, at least that's what I tell myself. As an extra precaution, I also preformed the white mage ritual of the inde odor praesidium so that my body would not give off any appetizing scents to my client. I adjusted my suit, and pulled even tighter onto my leather gloves, and use the spare key card to open the door. The key card reader chirped with approval and the wooden door slid open, beckoning me to enter.
Inside I was greeted by a soft, violet haze that told me she had already been hard at work. It took me a few seconds to realize that the serum had made me, thankfully, immune to the miasma, but past years of nearly lethal mistakes allowed to imagine what I was walking into. It would be the classic wall of death's stench quickly followed by the usual sweet twinge of a demon's hard work to mask the smell of corpses he or she might have caused earlier. It was a technique that served two purposes: the first being to trap any suspicious smells from oozing out and prompting someone to investigate, and if that didn't work the miasma would work its magic to turn the curious victims into suggestible, brain-washed zombies whose minds could be wiped or bodies turned into a second meal until a cleaner like myself arrived. Either way, it involved leaving no witnesses. I took a few more steps into the dark and adjusted my eyes to the haze that my client had created throughout the whole condo. I saw the contours of the oak polished hard wood floor and a Persian carpet that lead to the living room area. There was another trail, this time made by discarded clothes that trailed beyond a flat screen T.V to the sliding door leading to a beautiful stone terrace with a working Jacuzzi. I did one more scan to take in the Neo Art Deco interior design of the condo and then I found them.
There were three men lying naked on the living room carpet; all who looked liked they'd all died violently from heart attacks at the ripe old age of eighty, but I recognized them as acquaintances that were no younger than I was. As I got closer to the corpses, I managed to recognizing one of them crumpled on the floor: I had lunch with him last week as he was talking about his fiance and their plans for a honeymoon in Costa Rica. He told me her name, her age, her job. She had lied to him, of course. He didn't have a clue, and wouldn't have believed me if I told him. I had learned to accept these kinds of lies from my clients, especially when they told them to their retainers and my agreements to reinforce said lies. It was simply a reality of the world I lived in. However, the husks I saw nearly turned to ash did not soften the blow. As I looked at the bodies I felt a presence in the room that caused me to swallow and try to stifle the fear and bile building up in my stomach.
I felt around in my suit's inner pocket for the retractable, electric prod that I'd taken in with me. This kind of client, whether it was demon or vampire, was way more unpredictable in this particular state of duress than in any other situation. Some would be polite enough to open the door and let you in to show you where the bodies are; others, after the reveal, will apologize profusely for the inconvenience ("sorry, we know you like to sleep during these hours" is a common one). However, there are those who will just wait for you to come in and simply watch quietly in the corner while smiling, before they decide you're next. The worst of them will hide somewhere in their home and wait for you to arrive in order to fulfill a thrill that comes with hunting human prey. Because under those human exteriors of theirs, wearing expensive clothes, and sharing polite conversation lurks a beast trying to control their urge to feed and their willingness to kill to satisfy that hunger. But then again, when it comes to me, they're not dealing with something completely human, either.
Copyright © 2017 Philip N.R Hauser


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text:
Free Huey Rally, February 1968
First of all, I'd like to start out by thanking brother Cleaver, and the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. See, unlike America would have us believe, the greatest problem confronting this country today is not pollution and bad breath. [laughter] It's black people. It's black people. See, that's just one of the big lies that America tells you and that you go for 'cause you chumps. You go for it. One of the lies that we tell ourselves is that we're making progress; but Huey's chair's empty. We're not making progress. We tend to equate progress with concessions. We can no longer make that mistake. You see, when they gave us that Black astronaut, you say we were making progress, but I told you they were going to lose him in space. He didn't get that far. [applause] They gave you Thurgood Marshall, and you said we were making progress. Thurgood Marshall is a tom of the highest order. Anybody who sits down before, anybody who sits before James O. Eastland–a camel-breath, peckerwood nasty honkey from Mississippi, [applause]. And lets James O. Eastland subject him to the type of questioning that he did, he's a strange breed of man. You put Adam Clayton Powell in office and you couldn't keep him; what you think they gonna do with Thurgood Marshall when they get tired of him? They gave you Walter Washington, of Washingtom D.C., and you said we were making progress; that's not progress. See, it's no in between: you're either free or you're a slave. There's no such thing as second class citizenship. [applause] That's like telling me you can be a little bit pregnant. [laughter, applause]
The only politics in this country that's relevant to black people today is the politics of revolution, none other.
There is no difference between the Democratic and Republican party. The similarities are greater than the difference of those parties. What's the difference between Lyndon Johnson and Goldwater? None! But a lot of you running around talking about you Democrats, and the Democrats got you in the biggest trick going. They tell you, "It ain't our fault, it's the Dixiecrats." No such thing as a Dixiecrat. The only difference between George Wallace and Lyndon Johnson is one of them's wife's got cancer. [uproar, applause] That's the only difference. [applause] But you go for it! You go for it because you chumps! You go for it! The only thing that's going to free Huey is gun powder. Black powder. Huey Newton is the only living revolutionary in this country today. He has paid his dues! He paid his dues!
How many white folks you kill today? [uproar] But you revolutionaries? You are revolutionaries! Che Guevara says they only two ways to leave the battlefield: victorious or dead. Huey's in jail! That's no victory, that's a concession. When black people become serious about the revolutionary struggle that they are caught up in, whether they recognize it or not, when they begin to go down and knock off people who are oppressing them, and begin to render these people impotent, that's when the revolutionary struggle unfolds, not until. [applause]
See, I want to develop upon what Bobby [Seale] was talking about about green power, because green power is a myth. [There's] no such thing as green power as long as that honky got the power to change the color of money. It's power that controls this country. To show you America's wanton use and abuse of power in connection with money. Internationally, America changed the international gold standard from monetary standard from gold to paper gold. Her gold reserve had dwindled from 13.7 billion dollars. France had 12.9, that's why DeGalle was raising all that hell. DeGalle says, "I got almost as much gold as you! So how you gonna have more votes than me in the monetary system?" United States got slick cause they got power. They changed it to something they got an abundance of paper gold. Paper gold. You see, black folks are chumps. If America were to tell you to bring all the rocks in this country to her, and she'll give you a million dollars for it, you'd do it! And the next day she'll telling you, "We using rocks for currency, chump!" [uproar, applause] You'd go for it because you enjoy being lied to. You enjoy being lied to. You find your security in the lies white America tells you. For four hundred years she taught you white nationalism and you lapped it up. You taught it to your children. You had your children thinking that everything black was bad. Black cows don't give good milk. Black hens don't lay eggs. Black for funerals, white for weddings. You see, everything black is bad. The only black biblical character you knew was Judas. That's all. Syrrup of black draught. That's white nationalism. Santa Claus: a white honkey who slides down a black chimney and comes out white. [uproar, applause] Flesh-colored band-aids: they had a brother who put one on and thought something was wrong with his skin. That's cause you chumps. You go for it! You enjoy white nationalism! Huntley and Brinkley: black folks got more confidence in Huntley and Brinkley than Catholics got in the Pope. They believe anything. According to Huntley and Brinkley, we through fighting in Vietnam. We through killing the enemy; we shooting trees. But you go for it. That's what you want to hear. And you say that you revolutionaries. Well, if you are revolutionaries, you must assume the revolutionary posture. Chairman Mao says power comes from the barrel of a gun. [applause]
Yes, politics is war without bloodshed; and war is an extension of those politics. But there is no politics in this country that is relevant to U.S. to black people. Bobby Kennedy sold black people out. He's not interested in black people. He called for vigilante action this summer. He says that the good citizens should ban with the policemen to put down lawbreakers. You know who law breakers are in this country. Lyndon Johnson, Lyndon Johnson has set the attitude, the atmosphere, rather, for vigilantism in the country, when he came out in his latest speech, I guess you'd call it, and said that one day law-abiding citizens will rise up to put down the law breakers, and one week later the longshoremen went over and beat the peace movement up with hooks. That's vigilante action. The same thing happened during the Battle of Algiers–the Algerian Revolution, when France passed the proclamation establishing People's Militias. That's what this country is doing. That's why white folks are buying guns: they buying them for you! And understand: class differences will not save you. There is no such thing as a black middle class.
You don't believe it, go to Detroit.
There's no such thing as a black middle class. The man does not beat your head because you got a Cadillac or because you got a Ford; he beats you because you're black! Class structures are a luxury that we cannot afford. They cannot divide us by saying that you're middle class or you're lower class. He kills you because you're black. The concentration camps–they got 37 in the country–and me and [Stokely] Carmichael can't fill all of them. They got to be taking somebody else. [applause]
You've got to stop dividing yourselves. You got to organize. I agree with Bobby [Seale]: we are not outnumbered; we are out-organized. You have to organize on every level. Everybody in the black community must organize, and then we decide whether we will have alliance with other people or not, but not until we are organized. [applause]
In terms of the revolution, I believe that the revolution will be a revolution of dispossessed people in this country: that's the Mexican American, the Puerto Rican American, the American Indian, and black people. [applause] We happen to be the vanguard of that revolutionary struggle because we are the most dispossessed. An old African leader says about leadership, he says that leadership should never be shared; it should always remain in the hands of the dispossessed people. We will lead the revolution. [applause]
I want to end, because brother Carmichael has a message for you. I'm sure he has a lot to tell you about his revolutionary struggle, about the revolutionary struggle. [uproar] OK, you asked for it, brothers. OK, we going to talk about law and order versus justice in America, then. You see, Lyndon Johnson can always sit up and talk about he can always raise an argument about law and order, because he never talks about justice. But black people fall for that same argument, and they go around talking about law breakers. We did not make the laws in this country. We are neither morally nor legally confined to those laws. Those laws that keep them up, keep us down. We got to begin to understand that. [applause] See, justice is a joke in this country, and it stinks of its hypocricy. Johnson is Hitler's illegitimate child [applause] and J. Edgar Hoover is his half-sister. And we must conduct our struggle on this level. We are fighting enemies of the the people! America for centuries, for years have blackmail[ed] oppressed people with the threat of nuclear war, and war in general. The natural reaction becomes not to fear war. This is the lesson we learned from Viet Nam. [applause] They tell you your problem is unemployment. Well, I got a program that can employee every black person in this country over night. [uproar, applause] Ain't nobody in Vietnam unemployed. Think about that we you need a job! [applause]
We talking about revolution because that's the era that you're caught in. You're caught in a revolutionary era. See, black people are responding to a poem that Langston Hughes wrote a long time ago–a poem that was in the form a question that was never answered. The poem was "What Happens to a Dream Deferred?" It says, "What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or does it fester like a sore and then run? Or does it sag like a heavy load? Or does it explode?" Detroit answered that. [applause] See, they used to call it Detroit, now they {recording skips]. But America is moving to combat that. She's saying, this summer, what we can't buy off, we gonna kill off. That's why she's building up her armories. Understand that! This is what the National Guard is all about. This is what the new weapons are all about. You see, the poverty program for the last five years have been buy-off programs. In Harlem, which has been one of the greatest victims of the poverty program, how you act is nothing but an act; that's all it is. They give the brothers forty-five dollars a week to go to manpower to come to class at manpower training. That forty-five dollars a week goes into drugs; that's just enough to keep the brother hooked. That's all–they pay you enough to keep you hooked. The poverty program was not designed to eliminate poverty. It does not speak about the ending [tape skip]. It does not speak about how poverty is embedded in this society. Rather, it talks about the effects of poverty, not the causes. Black people must address itself to the causes of poverty. That's oppression in this country.
So black people all across this country are uniting. They must unite, and they must organize themselves. Everybody has a responsibility in that community: women, men, children–take 'em out [of] the Boy Scouts and get you a black guard. [applause] You must begin to take over your institutions, your schools, because that's where the young minds are. The last time I was out here was for the Watts picnic. See, I don't believe that Watts burned down so that they can have a picnic every year. But what they did during that time was that they [tape skip]picnics on weekend notice they gather up seven thousand kids and took them off to a military camp. That's a dangerous thing. Next year they say they hope to take a million. What if they took a million and they didn't come back? Who going get 'em, chump? [applause] You must address yourself to these problems. These are the problems you live with daily. They don't want your old hard heads; they want the young minds. You see, ours might be to do or die, but for the little brothers, theirs should be but to reason why. [applause]
So now, I really am going to end. [protests] Wait! And in ending, I'm going to end in the Swahili saying, it says [in Swahili], which means "We shall conquer without a doubt." Black Power! [applause]


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Andover Campus Weekly – September 13, 2015
Categories: Uncategorized
Worship, Grow, Serve
Sunday Schedule
9:00 Worship Service
10:05 Sunday School
11:10 Worship Service
5:00 Small Group Study of Jonah
5:00 Youth Group
6:30 Fishers of Men
Tuesday. Sept 15
7:30 Bible Study Breakfast (First Watch, Richmond Rd)
10:00 Bible Study Group of Genesis
Wednesday, Sept 16
9:30 Quilting Group (portable building)
7:00 Chancel Choir Rehearsal
Thursday, Sept 17
5:30 Suicide Survivor Support Group
Please note: There will be a Fishers of Men meeting at the church at 6:30. (This announcement is not in the bulletin.)
A new Church Pictorial Directory is coming! Signup now—-
Don't wait to schedule your portrait for our new church directory. Photos will be taken at Andover from September 29 thru October 10. It is simple.
1.Log-on to our church website: www.1stumc.org.
2.Click on the link "Sign up for a photo session at Andover Campus" and follow the prompts.
Each family receives a complimentary 8×10 portrait and a directory for participating!
To remove any confusion, this is totally separate from the "homemade" pictorial directory we have done at Andover in the past. We need everyone to participate to make it a complete directory. It isn't for members only, it is for everyone!
Hosts needed: We need volunteers to work as hosts during the photography sessions at Andover. Volunteers will need to commit to a 2-3 hour shift during which they will check families in as they arrive for their portraits and verify their contact information. Sign-up sheets are at the table in the back or contact Vicki Lanham, 608-0563, email@example.com.
Tuesday morning (7:30A.M.) – a group meets at FirstWatch on Richmond Rd. for Bible study and breakfast.
Tuesday morning (10:00A.M.) – this group meet at the church and will be studying the book of Genesis for the fall session.
Sunday evening (5:00P.M) – this group meets at the church. Bring your Bible, a notebook and pen as we journey inductively through the book of Jonah.
Flu shots – Sunday Sept 27th
Flu shots will be available at our church on Sunday Sept 27th at 12:00 noon. The Polo Club Rite-Aid Pharmacy staff is kind again this year to come to us. To be eligible, one must be at least 9 years-old. For most insurance providers, there is a zero co-pay. Other immunizations (shingles, pneumonia, etc.) are available on request. Please complete the pharmacy's questionnaire located in the back of the sanctuary and return it to Donna Thompson by September 20th.
Missionary Updates
Hello to all of you dear ones who have offered to pray for our daughter Bethany!
Thank you SO much…I am attaching her recent newsletter, which includes a "thorn" that is particularly an urgent call to prayer for her in the midst of much discouragement.
May the Lord bless you in your praying for her. We are so grateful for your standing with her, and standing in the gap for the Alagwa people.
In Christ's grace,
Julie TennentClick on attachment
Don't miss out, a must read!Attached is our September Newsletter. Please share with others.<><Tim, Jennifer, Daniel, Matthew and Katherine Goshorn
Click on: Goshorns in Peru
Interested in Tutoring?
I would like to invite `people to get involved in the Woodhill Tutoring program. We serve 1st. through 5th. grade students from Breckinridge Elementary School. on Mon. – Thursday. from 2:45 – 4:30. We ask volunteers to choose ONE of these days and hopefully they will tutor the same one to two students all through the year. This allows the tutor to build a good relationship with the student and the parent (or other adult) who picks up the student. A very good working relationship is established with the school social worker and teachers who refer the student and they are grateful for this kind of support. If you are interested call Kathie Beach at 299-4227 or send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com for more information.
September 27th is Andover's anniversary celebration. We would like to have homemade ice cream….
Does anyone have an ice cream maker? If so, contact Vicki Lanaham. 608-0563. firstname.lastname@example.com


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It has been said that all work is a process and all processes can be improved. Many times our jobs as professional salespeople is to make our customers and prospects more profitable, more efficient or otherwise improve their situation.
We do that by improving the process.
How can you improve the process of what you do and what your customers do? Are there wasted motions and wasted steps in the sales cycle for you or your customer? How can you eliminate them?
Improve the process and improve your sales.
Find ways to make the process easier, quicker, less stressful and painful for your customers and your business will grow. But, you must look at it from their point of view. How hard is it to get in touch with all the departments in your company?
Don't make customers have to jump through hoops to do business with you. Make it as easy for them as possible to buy and re-buy from you time and time again.
Now, for your own processes: what can you improve in the prospecting, set up and servicing of an account? If you're doing anything, "just because we've always done it that way", stop it. Now.
How can you streamline and innovate? Be proactive—don't wait to follow a competitor's lead, let them follow yours. Be creative when it comes to solutions—there's always a better, faster, more efficient way of doing business.
The truly successful salespeople and companies will find them!
Question: What processes have you found that can be improved?


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Deck Your Website With Seo Content Writing Power
The content is very important. They have got the power to attract people. So, it's very important to know how to play with the SEO content writing in your website. The content in your website should be ornamented in such way that it is able to attract and draw in more traffic. Without a well written content, your website will just become like pastry without sugar. So, contents are an important ingredient of your website.
Importance Of SEO Content
Do the airline services persuade you to fly with them because of the sophisticated engineering of their airplanes? Absolutely no! They do so by telling you what a great weekend you could have in Singapore and how easy it is to get there. They sell you a benefit which is based on technology. So, does SEO content writingbenefit the websites? Quality content will keep people longer in your site and they may share it with their friends thus increasing the website popularity.
Benefits Of SEO Content
Few of the importance of content writing are as useful, informative and valuable content can draw and retain net user to your site and also attract the viewer to revisit your website. Quality web content will clearly define your website objectives. By providing precise and useful content regarding your company, product, service, brand or business, you can help your target market as well as search engines. Search Engines are always looking for relevant content.
Get More Traffic
The SEO content writing persuades visitors to have a look at your products and services, and make a positive decision to go ahead and buy them. Content plays a very important role in online marketing. Right from marketing emails to banner ads and everything in between, content is the foundation that holds everything together. Your customers will begin to trust your products and services on account of their quality, but before that happens, you need to harness the power of web content to establish your reputation.
Inform Your Visitors About Your Business
You cannot expect to work if your website content is not up to the mark even if you have best web design going around. Content is the lifeline of any project. Content transfers the message to target audience and capture your visitors' attention. It informs people what your website is all about, website's purpose and what can they expect from it.
Through SEO content writing you can promote the idea and give the visitors a reason to adjust their thinking to your point of view. The content will lead your visitors through a step by step process that will culminate in the desired response. Contents act as a foundation that holds things together. A poorly written content will pour water on best marketing strategies whereas a brilliant content may make even a poor marketing strategy to deliver best results.Yuri Shatalov


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Don't want or mean to harrass you but am really interested in the story you stopped writing "The Mountain: A Prep Story" Last posting was 09/23/12 Truly hope that you start-up again as its a great story so far and I hope to see more soon. Pleae and Thank you. Best Wishes Wies Tioga
I am enjoying your story "The Mountain" very much and hope you are able to continue it, it is a very interesting story. I would like to offer you an additional place to post your work. I am an admin on the Integrated Close Combat Forum (ICCF) web site http://kilogulf59.proboards.com/index.cgi and we on the ICCF site would welcome you and your well throughout material.
Thank you for your story and consideration.
Michael Spivey AKA BM59_Fan
Gold Member
Junior Member
Senior Member


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(covers information from several alternate timelines)
The Vega colony was an Earth colony on a planet orbiting the star Vega. This colony was located less than ninety light years from Sol. It was one of the earliest Earth colonies established, along with Alpha Centauri and Terra Nova. Established as an outpost, Vega colony was, for many decades, located on the frontier of known space. By the time it became an important trading partner of Earth and other worlds, it was referred to as a colony. In the 2250s, Vega colony was several weeks away from Rigel VII at the maximum speed of a Constitution-class heavy cruiser. (TOS: "The Cage", "The Menagerie, Part I", "The Menagerie, Part II"; ENT: "Terra Nova", "Fortunate Son", "Two Days and Two Nights", "Twilight")
In 2126, Travis Mayweather was born aboard his parents' interstellar cargo freighter, the ECS Horizon, halfway between Vega colony and Draylax. (ENT: "Fortunate Son")
In 2152, Admiral Forrest speculated that an escape pod-like vessel, found by Enterprise NX-01, might have been launched by Vega colony. However, the small vessel was later discovered to be a timeship from the 31st century. (ENT: "Future Tense")
In an alternate timeline, created by Jonathan Archer being infected by interspatial parasites, the Xindi destroyed Earth in 2154 and then proceeded to annihilate all other Human settlements, including Mars, Alpha Centauri, and Vega colony. (ENT: "Twilight")
In 2254, the USS Enterprise planned to make use of the medical facilities at the Vega colony to take care of the crew injured on Rigel VII and replace the personnel who needed hospitalization. (TOS: "The Cage", "The Menagerie, Part I")
In 2328, this was the destination for passengers traveling from Tycho IV Spaceport via commercial transport. David S. Grant, James Holt, and Scooter T. Rocketboy traveled on the SS Kogin, and Richard Sarstedt on the SS Wisconsin. (TNG-R: "Inheritance", okudagram)
See also
Background information
According to StarTrek.com, the Vega colony was located in the Alpha Quadrant.
The real-world star Vega (Alpha Lyrae) is located approximately 25 light years from Sol, which is in agreement with "Two Days and Two Nights", where it is stated that the NX-class Enterprise set a milestone by becoming the first Earth ship to travel 90 light years away from the Sol system.
According to Star Trek: Star Charts (p. 36 & 44; "United Federation of Planets I") and Stellar Cartography: The Starfleet Reference Library ("Federation Historical Highlights, 2161-2385"), the Vega (Alpha Lyrae) system was located in the Alpha Quadrant. In the mid-22nd century, this important trading system was a destination on the Earth trade routes, and it traded with Draylax and Sol. In 2254, the Enterprise traveled to the system after visiting the Talos star group. In the late 24th century, the system was a destination on a major space lane. In 2378, the Vega Colony, on Vega IX, was listed as a Federation member.
In Star Trek Online, the Vega colony was the site of the Borg reemergence in the galaxy during the year 2409, Starfleet attempted to evacuate Vega colony while engaging the Borg fleet in orbit. This location served as the tutorial for the game as the player attempted to defend the evacuees and then repel the invasion force.
External link
- Vega colony at Memory Beta, the wiki for licensed Star Trek works


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Innovative Software
About Innovise
Developing innovative software solutions for the Guarding, Cleaning, Janitorial and Facilities Management sectors
Innovise is an independent, privately owned software company. We specialise in building software applications that our customers have to depend upon day-to-day, hour-to-hour.
We build technology for the facilities management and support services industries. Our applications support granular cost control of workforces operating within this very low-margin sector.
Our customer primarily provide Guarding, Cleaning, Janitorial and Facilities Management services.
Who buys from us?
Innovise works exclusively with the support services and facilities management sector. With each new client, we learn how we can increase the value and appeal of what we do for organisations like yours, wherever you are based.
We work with clients of all shapes and sizes. From the global giants, through to local, growing FM organisations, our flexible technology fits their needs exactly. Seeking the very best solution for their business, our clients not only choose us for our knowledge and industry experience, they also seek us out for our willingness and ability to support their future development.
These clients, be they large or innovative and aspiring, help us grow. We reward them with stable, considered solutions that meet their needs and give them peace of mind as they operate. We invest in the delivery of a quality service and enhancing our product to meet the ever increasing demands of this exciting and challenging industry. If your business sets a high standard, requires a quality of software and service that gives you peace of mind, or you have the challenges of scale and finding tools to enable and support your growth, we would love to talk to you about how we might fit with your plans.
Our History.
Experience Matters
'Team software now incorporating Innovise has a proud history of working with businesses like yours, solving problems as we go.
DOS, Windows 3.1
EBS Ltd, FM Workshop Ltd and the original Innovise Ltd, Expolink, Roster Management Ltd and Ausped are all serving Guarding, Cleaning and what we come to know as Facilities Management contractors
The story really begins...
EBS (Timegate and Rotawin) acquired
New ideas are afoot.
Innovise Software and PASS Ltd join forces
A busy year
Ausped, Contemporary Enterprises plc acquired. FM Workshop Ltd acquired.
The new brand
Innovise is adopted as the brand.
Abilitec and Data Technology plc acquired.
Depth and expertise strengthens
Roster Management Ltd (RoleCall) join the team.
A year for talent
Rapidhost, Harbrook Consultants and Infrasolve bring skills, knowledge and capability to help Innovise building hosting and cloud offerings.
A year for Automation and Orchestration technology at Innovise.
Cortex (formally Pivetal) are acquired.
Expolink Europe and Identifile also acquired.
Innovise divest its consulting businesses to focus on its two software businesses
Going Global
Having secured an enviable client list and market share in the, rather than diversify and be less specialist, we take our show on the road!
New ideas and overseas expansion
MOI Holdings Ltd acquired bringing Loss Prevention tech and International clients
Exciting times to work for Innovise.
Innovise announces it has joined forces with Team Software, making us a the largest provider of software for security, cleaning and facilities management organisations on the planet
Setting the standard
Innovise works hard to deliver the highest standards of product and service to our clients. To make this a reality in a highly competitive software market, we need to attract the best talent from the world over, then we need to listen and learn from them.
We have a culture of continuous improvement and requiring excellence as standard. We understand that our colleagues, our clients and our other stakeholders can all offer us insight in to our business, our thinking and our path to success. We check on our progress regularly with customer surveys, employee surveys, internal social media and employee engagement initiatives. We routinely run Soft Skills Development (SSD initiatives), Management Development Programmes (MDP) and pull on external business schools, training academies and partners to keep us progressing.
We get this externally benchmarked and are very proud to be in receipt of accolades from Investors in People for Gold Standards, as well as Best Companies for our 1 Star performance for our commitment to measuring, recognising and improving our business engagement.
Our Policies and Our Approach
Request a Demo
If you'd like to request a demo, a meeting or need some support, click below.


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Anderson Mfg. Inc. is one of the largest trailer, truck body, and equipment manufacturer in the south east. Anderson has a 125,000 sq. ft. manufacturing facility located in Camilla, Ga. They are dedicated to building a quality built product line serving the Farming, Construction, Industrial, and Consumer Markets. They are constantly improving their product line and adding new products for your need since 1989.
We believe in manufacturing a trailer that can handle normal use, and maybe even a little abuse, and still function as it should. Our experience has taught us the right way to build trailers. We use only high grade materials and constantly monitor the quality of the trailers throughout the manufacturing process. That's why you'll find that a trailer from Anderson Manufacturing, Inc. will normally outlast and outperform other trailers. You have to use quality raw materials and maintain high manufacturing standards in order to consistently produce quality trailers. That's exactly what we do at Anderson Manufacturing, Inc.


text: Good morning book lovers! How have your Monday been thus far? I do apologize for not making a blog post last week. It was a very difficult time for me. My grandmother had passed away Friday, October 6th and her homegoing service was Thursday, October 12th. My grandmother and I were really close and I took it pretty hard. Although I miss her dearly and wish she could still be here, I'm happy that she's finally at peace and is no longer in pain. She was a sweet and kind woman who lived a long, good life.


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JCN Online Journals
Welcome the the Journal section of JCN Online. Here you can view every article from the current Journal of Community Nursing.
There are also extensive back issues available.
Please sign in or register to view the articles.
Journal details
Quality of life and pressure ulcers
Maureen Benbow gives an overview of living with a pressure ulcer
Maureen Benbow MSc BA RGN HERC is a Senior Lecturer, University of Chester.
Article accepted for publication: September 2009


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The Island Spot, a Jamaican restaurant new to Jefferson Tower, threw a grand opening party Wednesday.
Owner Richard Thomas grew up in Jamaica and came to the United States for college. He earned an MBA from the Ohio State University before making the leap into the restaurant business several years ago. He says he was inspired by a Jamaican restaurant, where he found good food but a poor atmosphere and terrible service.
He says he was embarrassed the place was representing Jamaica, so he decided to do it better himself.
He and his mother, "Mama Joyce", opened the Island Spot in Carrolton in 2010.
At the grand opening, we tasted meat pies, bread pudding and some stiff cocktails — rum punch, mandarin cocktail and sangria made with ginger beer.
The restaurant is open 11 a.m.-9 p.m. Monday-Thursday, 11 a.m.-10 p.m. Friday-Saturday and 11 a.m.-3 p.m. Sunday.


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Welcome to one of the largest magic shops on earth! We stock over 4,000 products in our retail shop with access to 10,000 additional items. So, if you don't see it advertised here just ask and we will find it for you. Entering our 14th year in business, FAB Magic grown into one of the top magic trick manufacturers in the world. Our talented staff of woodworkers,seamstresses,artists,metal workers know how to build GOOD Quality magic props. We take great pride in offering you the latest in magic plus the classics. We are very selective in what we not only sell but build and we are always open to new ideas.
Learn more about the Percy Abbott family here - Percy's children have been our business partner since day #1 and his cremated remains stand in honor in our FAB Magic Showroom
Website devoted to the history of Percy Abbott


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> Andersen #58 Single Speed Full Stainless Self-Tailing Hydraulic Winch
Andersen #58 Single Speed Full Stainless Self-Tailing Hydraulic Winch
Regular price: $5,795.00
Our Price :
Product Description
Andersen #58 Single Speed Full Stainless Self-Tailing Hydraulic Winch
Smooth and reliable delivery of power throughout your boat
2-speed hydraulic winches also available when using winch model 46ST and above
Use in combination with the Modular Power System to obtain all the speed you require
Drum Ř D - 4 1/2 in. (115mm)
Base Ř B - 9 1/16 in. (230mm)
Height H - 10 1/2 in. (267mm)
Line Entry L - 4 3/4 in. (121mm)
Line Size - 5/16-11/16 in. (8-18mm)
Weight - 66.14 lbs. (30 kg)
Max Deck Thickness K - 2 1/8 in. (54mm)
Motor Depth J - 9 15/16 in. (252mm)
Gear Width N - 5 1/8 in. (130mm)
Based on the unique Modular Power System™, ANDERSEN Hydraulic Winches™ create a solid foundation for distributing power throughout your boat. Smooth running and reliable performance are not the only advantages – design and versatility are equally important aspects of all products. Single-speed or 2-speed Hydraulic winches — your choice when using an ANDERSEN Winch model 52ST and up. Combining the winches with the Modular Power System and Power Packs© provides all the power you need.
Modular Power System™
Evolution through Development
The Modular Power System™ is engineered with a focus on flexibility and simplicity. The flexibility makes it possible to choose and implement a motor-powered unit at a convenient time, since all ANDERSEN Self-Tailing Winches™ (28ST and above) are factory prepared for future change. Simplicity means very easy installation of your chosen powered unit. *Please note that the 28ST and 40ST models are also available in the COMPACT and 2+1 SE versions. For further information please contact your local ANDERSEN Distributor regarding the MPS for the COMPACT Above Deck™ version.
The modular design of this system also shows in the fact that a single-speed electric powered unit can be replaced with a 2-speed electric or hydraulic unit — simply by removing the center nut and mounting a new unit. No new holes are required.
Hydraulic Conversion Kits™
The hydraulic conversion kits can be fitted to ANDERSEN Winches size 46ST to 110ST FS. The hydraulic kits are delivered mounted on the connection plate, complete with a hydraulic motor and installation manual.
Mini and Midi Power Packs
ANDERSEN Power Packs form an integral part of a modular system that can grow with your needs. They are designed to be fully flexible and can fit custom tanks or any suitable available space — with the option of adding enginedriven pumps to the system. A full and flexible system open to later additions and services.
Larger yachts over 60 ft. are built to the customer's individual specifications, and careful consideration of design aspects is necessary to satisfy the particular hydraulic needs of individual owners. Our hydraulic team is headed by one of the most experienced super-yacht hydraulic systems design teams. We are pleased to discuss with the owner, designer and builder the full requirements of a particular project, and convert this information into a workable system with all necessary redundancy and technical back-up.
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