text: Welcome To Dr. Asmat Ali College It was 2nd January 2003. Many elite person was present in Hosnabad Adarsha High School. It is Under Betagi, Upazila: in the Distric of Barguna. Everybody wished for a college and took a decision that they would establish a college for the eradication of illiteracy of Hosnabad Union. The name pioneer and founder of this college is Md. Masud Alom. He is very honest and educated person. It was named by his father Dr. Asmat Ali. The name of the main money Donner for the college are - 1. Md. Masud Alam 2. Al-Haz Abdul Haye Mia 3. Dr. Jahanara Siddique The name of the Land Donner for the college are - 1. Abul Hasem Fakir 2. Ranojit Chandra Shill 3. Ashraf Ali Khan 4. Salim Khan 5. Mizan Khan 6. Md. Kanchan Ali Rari 7. Arshed Ali Khan 8. Mohendre Chandra Dhupi 9. Gourango Chandra Dhupi 10. Emty Ali 11. Mostofa Khan 12. Md. Siddiqur Rahman 13. Md. Bazlur Rahman For the session 2005-2006 it got permission from Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Barisal. for the courses of Humanities and Business Studies Group. It has also opened H.S.C Technical education. There are 270 Student and fourteen well trained teachers in our college. Many students comes here for higher education. The college has a good reputation for results. We all are equally trying for removing the darkness of ignorance. But it is a matter of great sorrow that the college is not even in the list of M.P.O Bill. But still to day it plays an important role. We are proud of our college. This college is Unique one.


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William H. White, Sr., of Dinwiddie went on to be with the Lord on July 3, 2016.
William is predeceased by his parents Ransom and Nellie White, grandaughter Summer White, grandson Shannon Freemon, daughter in law Donna White, and Stepson Rosco Mumbower.
He is survived by his wife Patricia White, Sister Sharon Nichols(George), Son William White Jr, Son James White Sr.(Shelia), Daughter Helene McDaniels(Glen), grandchildren Christina Ennis(Kim), Deni Clayton(Britt), James R White, Ricky White, James D White, Alan McDaniels, Jennifer White, Alexis McDaniels ,great grandson Cameron Hamilton, Niece Jennifer Martin/Miguel, Stepsons Jeffery Leslie, Delwin Mumbower, and a host of grandchildren and great grandchildren from Kansas.
A funeral Service will be held at Hillsman- Hix Funeral Home Amelia Va at 11AM on Wednesday July 6, 2016. Family night will be at Hillsman-Hix Funeral Home 16409 Court St. in Amelia, Va. Tues. 6:00-8:00PM. Military Burial will follow service at Virginia Veterans Cemetery in Amelia Va.

subset: commoncrawl


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About program
Program Video Splitter is a free product for split big video files with size more than 4GB. With Video Splitter you can easy split big video files for copy to Android devices.
Potential users
Users, who have Android smartphones and who like watch stereo movies.
Main features
Video Splitter use FFMPEG. You must download and install it.
Possible problems
It is not found.
License agreement The "Video Splitter" is a freeware product. It means that: 1. Author of "Video Splitter" is Alexander Alekseev. Name "Soft4other" is the pseudonym of the author of the program. 2. You can run it for free indefinitely. 3. You can distribute this application alone or together with their applications for free or for money. 4. These software are provided "as-is". 5. No warranty of any kind is expressed or implied. 6. The author will not be liable for data loss, damages, loss of profits or any other kind of loss while using or misusing this software. Any suggestions, feedback and comments are welcome.
Version 1.0
Is not it easier to convert a file with a lower bitrate, so that it does not exceed 4 GB?
For stereo movies, when viewing virtual reality glasses, quality is very important.
And you can not just write a command for FFMPEG as a BAT file and use it, passing the name of the source file as a parameter?
If the file contains several audio or video streams, you may need to manually select it. And in the BAT-file it is difficult to provide.
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Soft4other - a young Russian company specializing in creating software the widest profile. In the area of our interests:
We sincerely hope that you will find it useful products on our website.
E-mail: support @ soft4other.com
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Password generator
With this form you can create multiple passwords for different websites using only one keyword. You do not need to remember passwords for each site separately, enter a URL or domain name and get a strong password, and passwords for different sites are different. This form uses JavaScript, does not transmit or store any information you have entered, so you can be confident in the safety of your password.


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Israel navy fires on Gaza fishing boats
Israeli naval forces on Friday opened fire on Palestinian fishing boats off the coast of the Gaza Strip, The Daily Star reported.
"Israeli gunboats opened fire toward a group of Palestinian fishermen north of the Gaza Strip," a media source told the Anadolu Agency.
No casualties were reported.
Israel allows fishing up to 6 miles off the Gaza coast.
When it first imposed its blockade on the Gaza Strip in 2006, Israel had allowed a 3-nautical-mile fishing zone for Palestinian fishermen.
Gaza fishermen say the measures have adversely impacted their traditional business. They complain that their annual hauls have since fallen from pre-blockade levels of some 4,000 tons of fish to a current 1,500 tons.
Of the Gaza Strip's roughly 1.8 million inhabitants, about 40,000 earn their living from fishing, according to the Palestinian Fishermen's Union.


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Microsoft Office is a helpful tool in certain respects, but sometimes tools like Publisher are quite troublesome with complex tasks. We've probably all been there: try to move a text box, but you end up shifting an entire floor plan by mistake! Those minutes tend to add up for what should have been simple changes.
That's why it's a great idea to learn how to use Adobe Suite, which comes equipped with a few programs: Illustrator, InDesign, Photoshop and more. You can move your content across different programs with ease and generate PDFs for others who want to see your work. This flexibility enables you to support company initiatives for going paperless.
Adobe may seem intimidating at first, but there are a number of tutorials online to guide you through the processes for generating a polished and professional body of work. Your company may even be able to point you to internal workshops or provide funds to pay for your course if it's part of your performance plan.
Today we'll discuss tips for using Adobe Illustrator. We'll use the example of designing and editing floor plans, but these principles will fit any shape-based project. Floor plans are essential in any large office as an invaluable resource for both administration and daily use among co-workers, especially for areas that receive clients.
Illustrator works better than Publisher because it allows you to break entire shapes into individual paths or segments that you can manipulate easily. This functionality is possible because you can upload a computer-aided design (CAD) straight into Illustrator. Ask the unit that created the basic floor plan to send the file as an AutoCAD, which you can then open directly in Illustrator. The paths or individual segments will already be set. Remove walls by clicking on segments with the Selection Tool and press "Delete." Click and drag segments to move walls or even lengthen walls by pulling on the end of the lines. It's very quick and if you make a mistake, hit "Ctrl" and "Z."
If you need to resize entire "rooms" or sections of the map, use the more advanced Direct Selection Tool, which you will use to draw a square around the part of the floor plan that you want. Once you finish the square and click to finish, all the lines within that square are highlighted in blue. Use the Object menu and choose the option "Group," which groups those lines into a single unit. Once you've moved or resized that portion, go back into the – menu and choose "Ungroup," which breaks everything back into individual paths.
Once you've modified the floor plan walls to your liking, it's time to add text boxes with employee name. Like Word and Publisher, you can pick colors, fonts, sizes, and direction. With Illustrator, you can play with the directionality even further by typing straight onto line segments that you've rotated. Perhaps you're trying to label an area of the 3rd floor as "Not [Insert Your Company Name]" and run it over and "X" that you've drawn in.
Repeat these simple steps and it won't be long until you've produced a clean and organized floor plan that everyone in your office will appreciate. You can save a version as a PDF for wide distribution, but hold onto the original file on Illustrator for future updates that take only seconds. Save yourself a lot of time by switching to Adobe Illustrator today!
Post by Pat Cuadros (CLAS '10) Feel free to connect with Pat on Twitter and LinkedIn.
Thoughts on "Using Adobe Illustrator for Office Floor Plans"
Excellent article. Clear information and direction. Kudos to you Pat Cuadros.
Great tips, Pat! Thanks for this.
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Fitness Center - Bryant
Offers a variety of sports and events for the more than 10,000 active duty, reservist, retirees and military spouses that utilize Luke Air Force Base daily. We offer a variety of intramural and extramural co-ed sports such as softball, basketball, flag football, volleyball, walleyball and soccer. All intramural and extramural leagues are free for military ID card holders.
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Lucky We Live Hawaii
Lucky We Live Hawaii is an apparel and lifestyle brand for all people who love Hawaii! It's the appreciation of the life we are so blessed to live and the pride we take in calling Hawaii home. Our brand strives to create pieces of art and clothing designed here in Hawaii, where we can take with us wherever we go.
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I'm getting into a steadier rhythm, working between Hollow Fields and Rise From Ashes. Hollow Fields will have a fourth volume out next year, and the inks have required a lot of tweaking to surpass the first three volumes. If you like random clockwork, stitches and Mister Croach, you're going to like volume four!
It's been a while since I've done a webcomic (well, a long while) and I forget how intensive the social media side can get. But you guys have been great, and your feedback is really, really appreciated. Let me know if there's any typos or something doesn't look right! I've learned from working in publishing that readers can often have the best eyes for the foibles in a comic work that the artist is too frazzled to pick up on!
Now if only I could get my sleep schedule under control! I've been told I need more sunlight, but what is that, precious? Hisssss!!


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In February 2016 Lina Ben Mhenni began an initiative to open libraries inside prisons across Tunisia as a way to counter extremism. When she announced the initiative on her Facebook page she was inundated with phone calls from people across the country – from all social classes, ages and religious denominations – asking her to come and collect their books.
"It is my small contribution to fighting against extremism," she tells me.
People usually have a bad idea about prisons and prisoners and I want to change that; I want to say that prisoners are human beings and they have the right to have the majority of rights except of course the right of movement.
Mhenni – who rose to prominence as an activist and blogger during the Tunisian Revolution and was later nominated for a Nobel Prize – continues to work on the project, distributing books to jails across the country, organising workshops for collective reading and writing sessions and training detainees to care for the libraries that will eventually be setup. "The majority of people here in Tunisia and even abroad are supporting the initiative," she says, adding that she has collected more than 20,000 books.
Tunisia has certainly witnessed some horrific attacks in recent years. In March 2015 tourists were fired upon as they entered the Bardo museum in the capital Tunis, then just three months later a gunman killed 39 people at a tourist resort in the city of Sousse. These attacks are well known in the UK but, as Mhenni points out, they were not the first, they were simply the most publicised because they targeted tourists and they took place in major cities.
Read: Anti-corruption protests in Tunisia continue
The first government to take office after the 2010 revolution was a coalition between Ennahda, Ettakol and CPR known collectively as Troika – this is where the problem began, believes Mhenni, because they didn't work hard enough to stamp out the early signs of radicalisation.
Terrorism is not just a domestic issue – Tunisia is infamous across the MENA region for having one of the highest numbers of foreign fighters in Syria. In the last seven years none of the country's governments have been able to fulfil the goals of the revolution, unemployment and the abuse of political power are still rife in the country, Mhenni explains.
Young people in Tunisia, especially in the marginalised areas, thought their lives would change rapidly after Ben Ali fled and that real reform would come about quickly. "A few years later things didn't change at all," says Mhenni, pointing out that many Tunisians are disappointed by how the post revolution years in Tunisia have unfolded.
Terrorist groups take advantage of that and they target people who feel despair and start to attract them and start to teach them their extremist ideology.
A physical manifestation of this despair is currently taking place on the edge of the Sahara in Tatouine, a city in the south of the country, where Tunisians have been protesting for several weeks now to secure jobs for local people in oil companies and environmental agencies. Whilst the demonstrations in Tatouine have caught the media's attention because they are linked to oil production and international companies, young, unemployed people across Tunisia have taken to the streets from Tunis to Sidi Bouzid, Douz and Kebili to voice their concerns.
"Young people who took part in the revolution feel betrayed by politicians and are protesting to show that they are angry and that they don't accept what is happening," says Mhenni.
Moreover, corruption is growing in Tunisia. People who have power are getting richer and richer whereas people who took to the streets asking for jobs, asking for freedom and social justice, are in the same situation; they feel marginalised and forgotten by all.
"It's true that the Tunisian revolution started in 2010 and 2011 but seven years later the protests are still going on," she continues. "I know that we can't change things in a short period and we cannot create jobs in a short period but none of the governments really worked on the fulfilment of the objectives of the revolution. They didn't even present plans or strategies to show their willingness to reform things, to change things."
In October 2014 Beji Caid Essebsi's party Nidaa Tounes won 85 seats in the parliamentary elections and he was later elected president. Essebsi has been accused by many people as belonging to the old guard as he served as interior minister under Habib Bourgiba and speaker of the parliament under Ben Ali.
Read: Tunisia isn't really tackling corruption
Last month, a senior official announced that four prominent businessmen had been arrested on charges of corruption but Mhenni does not believe this is a sign of real change. At the same time the government is trying to pass the economic reconciliation law for the third year running: "It is a law that will guarantee impunity especially to businessmen who were involved in corruption with the regime of the dictator Ben Ali."
"Beiji Caid Essebsi is from the old regime even if he's pretending that he's not," she continues. "I think that one of the promises he gave them during the election campaign is to guarantee them and the corrupt businessmen who worked for the regime of Ben Ali reconciliation and impunity." By contrast, Mhenni is part of the grassroots movement Manich Msameh – we shall not forgive – that works against the reconciliation bill and pushes for top politicians from the Ben Ali era to be tried and face justice.
Civil society has also worked to counter attacks on women's rights in Tunisia and has blocked several attempts to change legislation to this effect. In fact, Tunisian women have succeeded in gaining more rights, Mhenni tells me, and are always at the forefront of demonstrations. But there is still work to be done. There are female ministers but they don't occupy prestigious positions such as the ministry of defence or interior, they are generally appointed into the ministry for women or the ministry for youth, Mhenni explains.
Compared to the other Arab Spring countries Tunisia has been labelled a success story, a beacon of democracy in the region, because it has not erupted into bloodshed as Yemen, Libya, Syria and Egypt have. But does it deserve this reputation?
"It is true that in comparison to other Arab Spring countries Tunisia is not witnessing civil wars and blood baths but when we talk about a revolution we talk about real change, we talk about establishing a real democracy."
It's true that we have succeeded in organising transparent, free elections, it's true that we have succeeded in writing a new constitution but when it comes to real life, things are not really good as people around the world are seeing. I don't think Tunisia is a model of success of the revolution.
"Even when it comes to human rights things are regressing now," she continues. "When it comes to freedom of speech things are regressing. I feel that we are progressively going back to the past state."
Despite this, Mhenni is confident about her country's future. "It is a revolutionary process, it takes a long time and it will take a long time. The ouster of the dictator Ben Ali was the first step but the whole system is still in place and we have to work to change this system. Seven years is nothing – we did the first step, we have to persevere."


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It's time to Bundle Up at iheartfaces this week. We haven't had much winter weather here in Victoria, but we did wake up to snow falling on Friday morning… Tadpole could not have been happier. And as usual, he had to put on his Canada toque and his new hockey Canada scarf (that Papa brought home as a souvenir from the Olympics).
Head over to iheartfaces to see the rest of this weeks Bundled Up entries.


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John and Aaron Philpott from Weston super Mare, Somerset, have launched their patented system for charging mobile phones and tablets on UK construction sites.
Here, in the UK, construction workers' power tools run on 110v supply and trades often find themselves unable to communicate with each other, their customers or their suppliers because their chargers don't fit the 110v sockets.
Aaron, who has worked in construction for many years, finds this extremely frustrating and workers can often be seen wasting time sitting in their vehicles trying to charge up or fighting over the odd 240v socket that may be found in a site office, for example.
Although battery banks are widely available these days, they are bulky to carry around on site all day and also need charging up when they power down.
So, Aaron, together with his Father, John, who has been in product development for 20 years, designed and patented 110v Extension Leads...


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Posted On: August 31, 2017
A few weeks ago, as I was dropping off donations, I encountered a kind man who helped me put the donations in the nonprofit's truck.
Turning to leave, I asked him for a tax form and he produced one from his back pocket.
"How efficient!" I said.
"I've always said efficiency is a good part of being lazy," he responded with a twinkle in his eye. I took in the wisdom of his words.
In my classroom, I constantly look for ways to be more efficient. As students ask the same question on an assignment, I update the instructions on the e-copy so that, next year, I will address the confusion at the beginning of the project.
The start of a new year is a great time to build more efficiency into your classroom. Consider the following:
Have a wonderful school year!
Allison Venuto is an educator with 12 years of experience in the Dallas area and is the owner of Ducks in a Row Personal Organizing. You can contact her at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Residual breast cancers after conventional therapy display mesenchymal as well as tumor-initiating features
Some breast cancers have been shown to contain a small fraction of cells characterized by CD44+/CD24−/low cell-surface antigen profile that have high tumor-initiating potential. In addition, breast cancer cells propagated in vitro as mammospheres (MSs) have also been shown to be enriched for cells capable of self-renewal. In this study, we have defined a gene expression signature common to both CD44+/CD24−/low and MS-forming cells. To examine its clinical significance, we determined whether tumor cells surviving after conventional treatments were enriched for cells bearing this CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature. The CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature was found mainly in human breast tumors of the recently identified "claudin-low" molecular subtype, which is characterized by expression of many epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-associated genes. Both CD44+/CD24−/low-MS and claudin-low signatures were more pronounced in tumor tissue remaining after either endocrine therapy (letrozole) or chemotherapy (docetaxel), consistent with the selective survival of tumor-initiating cells posttreatment. We confirmed an increased expression of mesenchymal markers, including vimentin (VIM) in cytokeratin-positive epithelial cells metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), in two separate sets of postletrozole vs. pretreatment specimens. Taken together, these data provide supporting evidence that the residual breast tumor cell populations surviving after conventional treatment may be enriched for subpopulations of cells with both tumor-initiating and mesenchymal features. Targeting proteins involved in EMT may provide a therapeutic strategy for eliminating surviving cells to prevent recurrence and improve long-term survival in breast cancer patients.
- CD44+/CD24−/low markers
- gene expression signature
- tumor-initiating cancer cells
- mesenchymal features
- treatment resistance
Despite recent improvements in breast cancer mortality, many patients relapse after an initial response to conventional endocrine therapy and chemotherapies. Several alternative but not necessarily mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain this treatment failure and recurrence. In particular, it has been suggested that a small subpopulation of cells within tumors, often designated as "tumor-initiating cells" or "cancer stem cells," may be resistant to therapy and hence may reinitiate tumor growth after treatment (1). The population containing these cells can be isolated by FACS using specific cell surface markers. For example, in cells from metastatic pleural effusions, the CD44+/CD24−/low/lineage− subpopulation was shown to be enriched for tumor-initiating cells (2). Recently, we have reported that this CD44+/CD24−/lowsubpopulation of cells appears to be more relatively resistant to chemotherapy in paired primary human breast cancer biopsies (3). This increase was associated with an enhanced mammosphere (MS)-forming ability, an in vitro surrogate assay of self-renewal capacity (3).
Global gene expression analyses have identified at least four major subtypes of human breast cancers (luminal A/B, basal-like, and ERBB2-enriched) (4, 5). More recently Herschkowitz et al. (6) described another subtype, involving relatively uncommon breast cancers, termed "claudin-low," which are characterized by comparatively high expression of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and low expression of epithelial markers, notably claudins and E-cadherin. During the course of normal development, the transdifferentiation of epithelial cells to a more mesenchymal state (7–13) known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is an essential process; this process has also been implicated in cancer progression (14). Indeed, an increased representation after therapy of cancer cells expressing mesenchymal markers, notably those described in claudin-low tumors, may account for treatment resistance (15–17). It is not known directly at this time whether the claudin-low tumors show elevated resistance to therapy.
Defining the regulatory pathways in subpopulations of residual tumor cells that survive conventional therapy could ultimately provide important new therapeutic targets. With this objective in mind, we first derived a gene signature from CD44+/CD24−/low/lineage− cells and formed cancer MS cells, both isolated from human breast cancers. We then compared this CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature to the previously defined intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer to determine whether there was any subtype that was highly enriched for this subpopulation. To examine the signature's clinical and therapeutic significance, we evaluated it in breast tumors before and after therapy (letrozole or docetaxel), doing so with the hypothesis that the tumor cells surviving after treatment would have an increased expression of the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature. Finally, relevant key markers from this signature were confirmed in additional paired before and after treatment patient specimens.
Gene Transcription Patterns in Breast Cancer Cells with Tumor-Initiating Potential.
To define a gene expression signature, we used two methods to obtain breast cancer subpopulations that have been suggested previously to be enriched for putative tumor-initiating cells: CD44+/CD24−/low markers and formed cancer MSs (2). These analyses involved 36 tumors representing all subtypes of breast cancer (18 luminal A/B, 13 basal-like, and 5 ERBB2-enriched) (Fig. S1). We performed comparative gene expression profiling in the populations that have been shown by others to be enriched for tumor-initiating cells (CD44+/CD24−/low or formed cancer MSs) vs. non-tumor-initiating cells (all "other" flow-sorted fractions or bulk tumor, respectively), and then analyzed to look for significant overlap between the gene expression patterns of cells isolated by the two alternative enrichment methods.
In the first comparison (consisting of 14 CD44+/CD24−/low vs. 15 other profiles, representing 20 patients including nine patient pairs), 2,221 RNA transcripts (1,424 named genes) were elevated (P < 0.01 unpaired, two-sided t test; fold change >1.5; FDR ≈0.2) in the flow-sorted CD44+/CD24−/low vs. other cells. In the second comparison (consisting of 15 MS vs. 11 primary cancer profiles, representing 16 patients including 10 patient pairs), 2,696 transcripts (1,890 named genes) were elevated (P < 0.01 unpaired, two-sided t test; fold change >1.5; FDR ≈0.25) in the MSs vs. primary cancers. The numbers of elevated genes appearing in both of the enrichment methods exceeded the chance overlap expected (P = 1E − 5, one-sided Fisher's exact test) (Fig. 1 A, Fig. S2 A, and SI Text). Between the transcripts with decreased expression, 339 transcripts (263 genes) significantly overlapped (P = 1E − 15, one-sided Fisher's exact test) (Fig. 1B, Fig. S2 B, and SI Text). Therefore, we defined here a "CD44+/CD24−/low-MS gene signature" which comprised the relative "up" and "down" patterns of the 493 transcripts (154 overexpressed and 339 underexpressed) present in the significant overlap between both comparisons (heat map in Fig. 1C, complete gene list in Dataset S1).
The CD44+/CD24−/low-MS Signature Is Enriched in Human Breast Tumors of the Claudin-Low Molecular Subtype.
Most human breast cancers can be robustly classified into one of the intrinsic subtypes: luminal A and B, HER2-enriched, basal-like, and claudin-low (4–6). The claudin-low subtype identified by Herschkowitz et al. (6) is characterized by the high expression of mesenchymal genes and the low expression of cell–cell contact genes, such as claudins 3, 4, and 7, and E-cadherin. We compared the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature to each subtype to determine whether any group showed enrichment. For each tumor in the Herschkowitz dataset, we derived an "R value" in relation to our CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature, with the R value being a measure for how much each individual Herschkowitz tumor manifested our signature (see Methods).
Only the previously defined claudin-low group showed a clear association with the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature (Fig. 2A). We obtained the same results using a number of other analytical approaches, including one-sided Fisher's exact tests and GSEA (see SI Text and Fig. S3). Furthermore, relative to the other tumors, claudin-low tumors showed low mRNA expression of CD24 and high mRNA expression of CD44 (Fig. 2B), consistent with the notion that these tumors are enriched for tumor-initiating cells bearing these markers. The above correlation patterns were further evident when viewing a heat map of the genes in the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature within the published Herschkowitz dataset (Fig. 2C).
CD44+/CD24−/low-MS and Claudin-Low Gene Signatures Are Enriched in Human Breast Tumors After Treatment with Endocrine Therapy or Chemotherapy.
We have reported that breast cancers after chemotherapy are enriched for CD44+/CD24−/low-MS cells by flow cytometric analysis (3). In that earlier study, postchemotherapy specimens showed an increase in cells bearing CD44+/CD24−/low and an increase in MS-forming efficiency (3). If tumor-initiating cells are resistant to chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, then we would expect to see strong enrichment of the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature in both the endocrine- and chemotherapy-treated residual tumors. We tested this notion in two datasets. First, we profiled 36 ER-positive human breast tumors from patients receiving neoadjuvant endocrine therapy; these represented 18 patient pairs before and after treatment (3 months) with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole. We computed an R value in relation to the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature pattern, to measure the degree of signature enrichment (see SI Text and Fig. S4). The letrozole posttreatment tumors had higher R values than the pretreatment tumors (P < 0.01, paired t test) (Fig. 3A).
Next, we examined our published dataset of predocetaxel and postdocetaxel treatment, representing 12 patient pairs (18, 19). Again, we found that postdocetaxel tumors had higher correlations with the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature (P = 0.01, paired t test) (Fig. 3B). Thus, the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature was increased after either chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. Similarly, the claudin-low patterns were increased in posttreated compared with pretreated tumors in both the letrozole and docetaxel cohorts (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively, comparing R values by paired t test) (Fig. 3 C and D). We also examined the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature as heat maps in both the letrozole-treated and claudin-low samples (Fig. 3E). We found that the overlapping patterns between the letrozole treatment signature and our CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature were significant by both one-sided Fisher's exact tests and GSEA (SI Text). Likewise, the overlap between the letrozole-treated tumors and the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature was largely shared by the claudin-low tumors in the heat map representation (Fig. 3E). Notably, all of the claudin-low tumors in the Herschkowitz dataset had been sampled from patients before therapy, yet this claudin-low profile was more evident after therapy.
Mesenchymal-Associated Genes Are Increased in Postletrozole Breast Cancer Specimens.
The association between the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature and the claudin-low subtype suggests that residual tumor cells may display mesenchymal features. We therefore examined a number of mesenchymal markers described in a literature review (20) and found that, as predicted, a number of these markers were elevated (FN1, SNAI2, VIM, FOXC2, MMP2, and MMP3) or diminished (CDH1 and DSP) at the RNA level in the cancer MSs vs. primary bulk tumor (Fig. 4A). The overlap between the mesenchymal up genes (20) and the cancer MS up genes was statistically significant (P < 0.001, one-sided Fisher's exact test). These patterns were not as clearly evident in the CD44+/CD24−/low vs. other flow sort profile dataset, with only some mesenchymal genes elevated (VIM) or decreased (CDH1 and DSP) significantly (Fig. 4A).
We next analyzed the expression of a number of these identified mesenchymal genes (VIM, E-cadherin, and MMP2) in additional paired letrozole-treated breast cancer specimens. We selected these markers based on the availability of commercial antibodies and established methods for detecting them. Protein validation of additional genes like SNAI2 was not performed, because procedures for detecting these by immunohistochemistry of these gene products had not been established. We performed immunoflorescence analysis of the mesenchymal gene vimentin (red) with the epithelial pan-cytokeratin marker (green). A subset of tumor epithelial cells postletrozole were both cytokeratin and vimentin positive (Fig. 4B), suggesting that these may represent epithelial cancer cells that have acquired some mesenchymal features.
To quantify this apparent increase in mesenchymal properties in epithelial cells, we performed automated quantitative analysis (AQUA) of vimentin expression in the epithelial compartments of the tumor in 26 paired patient samples that were delineated by its/their cytokeratin expression. The percentage of vimentin+/CK+ double-positive cells in biopsies taken before vs. after letrozole treatment showed a statistically significant increase (P = 0.034, paired t test) (Fig. 4C). The expected decrease in expression of E-cadherin was not observed in postletrozole treated specimens, possibly because of the difficulty in quantifying decreases in biomarker expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumors with low baseline values. In addition, we quantified RNA levels by quantitative reverse transcription PCR for MMP2 in tumors before and after letrozole therapy from 60 patients, and showed an increased expression both at 10–14 days and at 3 months (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.00001, respectively, paired t test) (Fig. 4D).
The present work has led to the identification of a unique molecular signature of therapy-resistant CD44+/CD24−/low-MS cells. We derived our signature by using two published enrichment methods for putative tumor-initiating cells (2): flow cytometric sorting for selected markers (CD44+/CD24−/low) and a biological functional assay for self-renewal (formed cancer MSs). Our previous study showed an increase in the CD44+/24−/low cell population by flow cytometric analysis in primary cancers surviving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which was associated with an increase in mammosphere-forming ability and an increase in xenograft outgrowths in immunocompromised mice; the latter measurement, however, was not statistically significant (3). In the present study, we demonstrate a far stronger manifestation of the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature after both neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Taken together, these data provide evidence that residual after conventional treatment breast tumors are enriched for cells exhibiting both tumor-initiating and mesenchymal features. The gene expression patterns of the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS cells showed significant correlation with the subtype of breast cancers classified as claudin-low, which have been found to exhibit up-regulation of mesenchymal genes (6). One possible explanation of this correlation is that conventional therapies yield tumors that are enriched for "tumor-initiating" cells, which may be more resistant to these treatments (3); accordingly, the tumor cells surviving treatment also show more mesenchymal-like features that are characteristic of the cells in claudin-low tumors.
Alternatively, it is possible that stromal reactions to therapy result in an increase in tumor-associated cells expressing mesenchymal genes. This appears to be less likely, because the samples analyzed here were obtained from women who received a variety of treatments, including both chemotherapy and endocrine treatments. Whereas the claudin-low tumors described by Herschkowitz et al. analyzed tumors prepared from patients before therapy, our own data indicate that cells having a similar profile are more evident after therapy. The mechanistic basis for these observations has yet to be determined. Because the claudin-low tumors have only been just described, it is not known whether this subtype is more or less resistant to conventional therapy. However, a recent paper described similarities in gene expression patterns between metaplastic cancers and the "claudin low" subtype; metaplastic cancers are known to be more resistant to conventional chemotherapy (18).
As mentioned, studies have identified increased mesenchymal features in basal-like breast cancers (19). These studies in cell lines have suggested that the switch to a mesenchymal phenotype might be related to the aggressiveness and metastatic spread of tumors. In this regard, one of the genes elevated in the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature, FOXC2, has been suggested to play a key role in orchestrating this mesenchymal phenotype (20). Recently, the same authors noted that induction of EMT in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells resulted in the acquisition of mesenchymal traits and expression of stem-cell markers (21). Our current observations suggest that the residual tumor cells surviving after therapy may also display mesenchymal features in human clinical specimens. The association of the mesenchymal phenotype with treatment resistance has been inferred by several articles describing the association between resistance to endocrine therapy (tamoxifen) (22) and chemotherapy (oxaliplatin, paclitaxel, and others) and a mesenchymal phenotype (15–17). Here, we provide clinical evidence that markers of the mesenchymal phenotype, assessed by both protein and gene expression, are higher in tumors after chemotherapy and endocrine therapy.
These data support a growing body of evidence for a mesenchymal-like phenotype in some breast cancers that may be responsible for invasion, metastasis, and possibly, treatment resistance (15–17). In addition, recent evidence indicates that CD44, whose positive expression selects for tumor-initiating cells, may be important in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis (23). Our results demonstrate that these residual tumors after various treatments also display increased expression of some mesenchymal markers. The future challenge will be to use our CD44+/24−/low cell-MS gene signature to select the most relevant targets to combine with conventional therapy to overcome the intrinsic resistance to therapy of these cells.
Materials and Methods
Patients and Clinical Samples.
We made the following comparisons on breast cancer samples obtained from women undergoing clinical trials: i) flow-sorted samples: CD44+/CD24−/low vs. others; ii) cancer MSs vs. primary tumors; iii) comparison of CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature with the published Herschkowitz dataset describing the new group of claudin-low vs. basal, luminal, ERBB2+, and normal-like tumors; iv) letrozole and docetaxel: before and after treatment to demonstrate enrichment of the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature.
First, to generate the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature, tumor biopsies were obtained before any treatment from patients with locally advanced breast cancer enrolled into two phase II clinical trials (approved by the institutional review board) from January 2000 to December 2006 (Figs. S1–S4). These two studies were conducted in the Breast Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. Biopsies were obtained with informed consent for biomarker correlative studies. All of the core biopsies used in these analyses were examined by H&E staining and determined to contain greater than or equal to 50% epithelial cancer cells before analysis. From these two studies, we obtained microarray gene expression analyses of flow-sorted samples (CD44+/CD24−/low vs. others) and cancer MSs vs. primary tumor (Fig. S1), for establishing our CD44+/CD24−/low-MS gene signature.
Second, to examine the clinical and therapeutic significance of the microarray results, we evaluated the gene expression profile in additional breast tumors before and after therapy. For these analyses, there were three patient cohorts, "letrozole," "docetaxel," and "additional letrozole," as follows. In the first, the letrozole cohort, RNAs were provided from biopsies from postmenopausal patients with ER-positive breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant aromatase inhibitor letrozole for 12 weeks. This study was conducted at Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K. In the second, the docetaxel cohort, we used our published analysis of differentially expressed genes before and after docetaxel (24, 25). The third, the additional letrozole cohort, also from Edinburgh, was used to validate certain results by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed sections of a further series of paired letrozole-treated samples (before and after 12 weeks of letrozole). There were 23 pairs of samples with sufficient tissue for IHC, where we analyzed costaining of the epithelial marker pan-cytokeratin (CK) together with the mesenchymal marker vimentin (VIM), and loss of E-cadherin staining. In an earlier analysis, we performed QRT-PCR for MMP2 gene expression in paired biopsies from 60 patients before and after letrozole treatment (26).
Analytical Flow Cytometry and MSs.
Core biopsies were taken before and after treatment, and placed immediately in cold RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated newborn calf serum (HINCS, Invitrogen). The methods for flow cytometry and mammosphere growth have been described in detail elsewhere (3). In summary, the samples were digested in collagenase and ≈106 single cells were resuspended, incubated for 15 min with anti-CD44 (APC), anti-CD24, and anti-lineage mixture antibodies (PE-conjugated anti-CD2, CD3, CD10, CD16, CD18, CD31, and CD 140B) (PharMingen) using the manufacturer's suggested concentrations, and then analyzed using Dako MoFlo flow cytometry. Side and forward scatter were used to eliminate debris and cell doublets, and the Lin cells were further analyzed for expression of the CD44 and CD24 markers. A portion of the unsorted cells was used in MS assays by plating these cells onto nonadherent (polyhema-coated) plastic, counting with a hemocytometer, and seeding 20,000 cells into six-well ultralow attachment plates.
Gene Expression Profiling.
RNA was purified from sorted CD44+/CD24−/low cells vs. all others (CD24+ and CD44−/CD24−), cancer-derived MSs vs. primary breast cancer, and before and after treatment with 3 months of letrozole for use in gene expression profiling, as described in refs. 24 and 25. Briefly, total RNA was isolated using TRIzol (Invitrogen) and passed over a Qiagen RNeasy column (Qiagen). Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized by a chimeric oligonucleotide with an oligo(dT) and a T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Reverse transcription was then carried out, followed by biotin labeling and an ≈250-fold linear amplification by in vitro transcription (Enzo Biochem). From each sample, ≈5 μg of labeled cRNA was hybridized onto an Affymetrix U133 Plus2 GeneChip.
IHC, AQUA, and Real-Time PCR (qPCR) Analysis.
Standard methods for immunohistochemical analysis have been described in detail elsewhere (27). All slides were scored by two pathologists (M.C.G. and D.R.) blinded to the treatment status (before vs. after treatment). For immunofluorescence, 4-μm paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tumor biopsies were incubated with antibodies against vimentin (dilution, 1:250; AB-1 Clone V9, Oncogene Research Products) and pan-keratin (dilution, 1:100; polyclonal, Signet) for 1 h at room temperature, followed by secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexafluor 594 and 488, respectively, for 30 min. Slides were mounted in Vectashield Mounting Media containing DAPI (Vector Laboratories) for nuclear staining.
For quantitative analysis of vimentin, we performed AQUA analysis as described in ref. 28. In brief, a tumor-specific mask was generated by thresholding the image of a marker (cytokeratin) that differentiates tumor from surrounding stroma and/or leukocytes. This creates a binary mask (each pixel is either on or off). In this study, total signal nuclear, cytoplasmic, and the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic signal were analyzed. Scores were adjusted according to amount of area covered by the subcellular compartments within the masked area. Histospots containing <5% tumor, by mask area (automated), were excluded from further analysis. AQUA scores were normalized on a 0 to 100 scale for each cohort by dividing by the maximum AQUA score. As part of this study, we conducted qPCR for six differentially expressed genes, including MMP2, and these data were used as part of the validation of mesenchymal genes (Fig. 4).
Data Analysis.
We normalized gene expression arrays using DNA-Chip Analyzer software (dChip). The array data have been deposited in the public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE7513, GSE7515, and GSE10281). For each of the profile datasets analyzed, we centered gene expression values on the centroid mean of the comparison groups of interest (flow sort: CD44+/CD24−/low and others; MS: cancer MS and primary tumor; Herschkowitz tumors: claudin-low, basal, luminal, ERBB2+, letrozole and docetaxel: before and after treatment). In the case of the Herschkowitz dataset, where multiple array probe sets referred to the same gene, we selected the probe set with the greatest variation to represent the gene. (In the Herschkowitz et al. analysis, luminal A and B tumors were assigned to one "luminal" group based on cluster analysis, and we used the subtype labels assigned by the Herschkowitz group for our own analysis.) Two-sided t tests using log-transformed data determined significant differences in mean gene mRNA levels between groups of samples. We computed fold changes between groups as in ref. 29 and estimated the false discovery rate (FDR) using 100 permutations of the profile group labels. Expression values were visualized as color maps using the Java TreeView software. The mapping of transcripts or genes between independent array datasets was made on the Affymetrix probe set identifier, in the case where both datasets were on the Affymetrix U133 Plus 2 or U133A platforms, or on the Entrez Gene identifier, in the case where the datasets were from different platforms. We determined the significance of overlap between gene sets using one-sided Fisher's exact tests, with the reference gene population being either the 54675 U133 Plus 2 probe sets or the 14112 genes in both U133 Plus 2 and the Herschkowitz Agilent platforms, depending on from which array platforms the two gene sets were obtained. We also carried out gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) as an alternative enrichment test (see SI Text) (30).
Gene Signature R Values.
To score each tumor within a set for similarity to our gene signature, we derived an R value for each tumor in relation to the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS signature, similar to what we have done in previous studies (29). We defined the R value as the Pearson's correlation between the CD44+/CD24−/low-MS gene signature pattern (using "1" and "−1", for up and down, respectively) and the primary tumor's expression values (which is essentially a t statistic comparing the average of the up genes to the average of the down genes within each tumor). In this way, tumors with high R values would tend to have both high expression of many of the genes high in CD44+/CD24−/low-MS cells and low expression of many of the genes that are low in CD44+/CD24−/low-MS cells (and vice versa for tumors with low R values). For the human tumor datasets, the gene expression values were first centered as described above before computing the R value.
We then determined whether the gene expression pattern of the previously defined claudin-low human subtype was more pronounced in the tumors after hormone therapy or chemotherapy (Fig. 3 C and D) in the following way. For each gene common to our array platform and the Herschkowitz platform, we computed the mean centroid of the four major tumor subtypes: claudin-low, basal-like, ERBB2+, and luminal, and centered each group average on the centroid. We then took the Pearson's correlation (R value, using all 14,112 genes common to both datasets) between the Herschkowitz centered averages and the expression values of each pretreated or posttreated tumor from the letrozole and docetaxel cohorts.
We thank Dr. Gary Chamness for his editing of this manuscript. This work was supported in part by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (J.C.C., C.M.P.), the Helis Foundation (J.C.C., J.M.R., M.T.L.), the National Cancer Institute Breast Cancer SPORE Grants P50 CA50183 (to J.C.C. and M.T.L.) and CA58223–09A1 (to C.M.P.), National Cancer Institute Grant R01 CA112305–01 (to J.C.C.), Breakthrough Research Unit, Edinburgh (J.M.D., A.A.L., L.R., D.F.), Cancer Research United Kingdom (J.M.D., A.A.L., D.F.), National Institutes of Health Grant P30 CA125123 (to J.C.C. and C.J.C.), grant-in-aid from Glaxo Smith Kline (to J.C.C.), and U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command Grants DAMD17–01-0132 and W81XWH-04–1-0468 (to J.C.C).
- 3To whom correspondence should be addressed at: 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 600, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: jcchang{at}bcm.edu
Author contributions: J.M.D., A.R., X.Z., A.P., M.C.G., A.A.L., J.M.R., and J.C.C. designed research; X.L., M.L., J.M.D., V.M.N., A.S., D.L.R., H.W., A.R., J.I.H., C.F., X.Z., A.P., M.C.G., L.R., C.M.P., M.T.L., and J.C.C. performed research; X.L., M.L., V.M.N., D.L.R., H.W., J.I.H., X.H., A.P., D.F., S.G.H., M.T.L., and J.M.R. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; C.J.C., X.L., M.L., V.M.N., A.S., D.L.R., H.W., A.R., J.I.H., C.F., X.H., A.P., M.C.G., L.R., A.A.L., D.F., S.G.H., C.M.P., M.T.L., J.M.R., and J.C.C. analyzed data; and C.J.C., X.L., M.L., A.S., D.L.R., A.R., S.G.H., C.M.P., M.T.L., J.M.R., and J.C.C. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0905718106/DCSupplemental.
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.
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text:
Do Twitter Accounts Expire?
An unused or temporarily deactivated Twitter account won't last forever. The social networking service regularly purges inactive accounts to reduce system strain and return Twitter usernames to the pool for other people and businesses to use. If you find you can't log in to Twitter after a long break, then your account may have expired and been permanently removed from the system.
Deactivated Accounts
Deactivating your Twitter account removes your profile from the site, but it doesn't permanently remove your account details from the system. Twitter gives you 30 days' grace in which to reactivate the account in case you change your mind and want to start using the service again. Signing in with your regular Twitter username and password at any time during this period automatically reactivates the account and restores all your previous tweets in addition to your followers and following lists. If you don't sign in during this 30 day period, Twitter permanently deletes your account and you won't be able to access it again.
Inactive Accounts
Twitter lets users sign up for multiple accounts in order to keep professional and personal activity separate. One downside of this policy is that a primary or additional account can fall out of use if you forget your login credentials or lose interest in tweeting or following tweets on a certain subject. If you don't log in to your account or tweet from it for a period of six months, Twitter may classify the account as inactive for a prolonged period and remove it from the system. After removal, you won't be able to log in to the account or access your tweets, follower and following information.
Avoid Account Expiration
Twitter encourages active users who will add content and value to the social network. It continually monitors all accounts and uses a number of factors to determine account inactivity, including the account's registration date, tweeting activity and login frequency. To prevent your account from becoming inactive, Twitter states you should log in and tweet within six months of your previous update. Twitter periodically releases inactive usernames in bulk so that other people can use them.
Download Your Information
If you don't use Twitter regularly and believe your account might be removed due to inactivity, you can retain your Twitter information by downloading it as an archive. Click the the gear icon button in the main menu bar while you're signed into your Twitter account, and then choose "Settings" in the context menu. Click the "Request your archive" button. Wait for Twitter to email you with a download link that you can click to download a compressed ZIP file of your Twitter archive. After unzipping the file, click the "Index.html" file to view a locally stored copy of your Twitter archive in your computer's default Web browser.
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- Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images News/Getty Images


text:
Microwave oven damaged when a wheat bag was over heated.
A wheat bag that was left too long in a microwave oven.
Wheat bags are sold in many shapes, sizes and guises from simple pads to toys and even pet beds. They are designed to be heated in a microwave oven, so that like a hot water bottle, they will slowly release their heat over a long period of time.
Wheat bags are often used as pain relief and as well as being heated can be chilled in a freezer to provide a "Cold Pack".
If used in accordance with manufacturers instructions they are completely safe, however if they are left in the microwave for longer than recommended and/or on too high a power setting they can overheat, which in some circumstances may lead to fire.
This fire can start whilst in the microwave or some time later when the wheat bag could have been placed into a bed or elsewhere.
I had put the bag into the microwave, then went into the lounge while it was heating up.
I was first alerted to a problem by my Lifeline System, an operative warned me (via. their call box) to leave the house immediately.
As I passed the kitchen door I opened it to see what was happening. I now realise that this was the wrong thing to do, as thick acrid smoke billowed out, making me choke.
I quickly shut the door and left the house and waited for the Fire Brigade to arrive. They needed to use breathing apparatus to enter the house but quickly removed the microwave and wheat bag.
The house was full of smoke but I was lucky that no real damage was done. The kitchen though required a thorough clean and the whole house had a nasty smell which took several weeks to go.
I was extremely grateful for the swift action of the Fire Brigade and thankful for my Lifeline.
Like any product, wheat bags should only be used in accordance with manufacturers instructions and must not be placed in a microwave at either too high a power setting and / or for too long a time.
Finally, we would be interested to hear from you if you have had a similar experience to the fire detailed above, or would like to raise any related matters or even just generally comment on how useful you found our Black Museum.
Please send us your details and a comments via our on-line feedback form.
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text: Merry Christmas for San Antonio! Neal, Magnolia, and I traveled to Texas late last night and are so happy to be in my home state. Being with family and friends in Texas is more than I could have asked for this year. I hope that each of you have a wonderful Christmas!


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Picture the conversation; Elder Pilot speaking to her weekend companion, "Batman Jr."
Elder Pilot: "So Batman Jr. how can seniors protect their valuables when they live in a LTC home or Retirement Residence? We want to keep their stuff safe, in case a villain comes in..."
Batman JR: "How would I know? I can't even cross the street by myself yet!"
Tips for securing valuables in Retirement Homes:
- Consider: Who has a key to your Residence, and what are the provisions for utilization? If there is a main floor patio, is the door secure?
- Are there staff in the building 24/7? Does your residence do police checks on all staff, prior to employment?
- What other types of security does the home employ: are there controlled main entrances etc.?
- Have you considered purchasing a safe or a bank safety deposit box? Do you have a locked cabinet that can be used for items?
- Do you have a list of your valuables, complete with serial numbers (where applicable)?
- Do you have your contents insured?
- Have you had your jewellery appraised and insured?
Long-Term Care Homes
- Because staff need direct access to Resident's rooms, doors are not locked, hence items are more difficult to secure
- When reviewing wearable valuables: jewellery, watches etc. these are harder to keep safe. Remember other Residents, Families, Staff, Visitors, Volunteers, Contractors etc. can be in, and out of rooms. If a Resident has some memory issues, they may hide, lose, misplace, or give away valuables. Decision making about these risks should be discussed when keeping items onsite. Homes will not pay for losses; check your contract! Will your insurance company provide a policy for items kept in the home?
- Is there a small banking service on site? Keeping credit cards and large quantities of cash at the bedside, is not a good idea.
- Sometimes the home has a safe for the temporary safe keeping of small valuables, until secured by the Resident or POA when needed
- Be mindful of changing health, and weight loss: sometimes rings become loose and may need adjustments
It is always a juggling match, when making decisions about valuables in a Long-Term Care home. This is not to imply that things will go missing, but a wise Resident weighs possibilities.
The Resident may struggle to keep, or relinquish items, as part of their own decision making. If the Resident becomes unable to make their own decisions, it is incumbent upon the POA (finances) to act ethically, adhering with the Resident's wishes when they were capable.


text:
It's quite simple: the first sentence of the first entry for each month in 2015 :-)
Here's what my livejournal world looked like - Didn't do as much blogging as I wanted to. Life ran away with me.
Jan: I have just counted up all the books waiting to be read: I have 32 on my kindle and a further 56 on my mount TBR (toberead) and a further 20 Harvard Business Review Magazines hiding under my bedside table.
Mar: We are just back from our first ever family skiing holiday :-)
April: Yesterday was a beautifully sunny Spring day in Zürich and the first day of the long easter weekend.
May: I joined my company on 6th June 2006 and since then have basically worked in sub teams of the same department, doing the same role.
July: How much will I get done on my day off ? Answers on a postcard please :-)
August: We can hear fireworks (yes, even though it's daylight), so it must be the National Day of Switzerland.
Sept: August was holiday time, starting back to Kindergarten and nursery, birthday celebrations for Markus. All a bit much.
Nov: Like last year I want to blog every day in November - my version of Nanowrimo (which I will do someday!)
Dec: I have had a fab week off - 4 days felt like 4 weeks.
Livejournal Review of 2015
It's quite simple: the first sentence of the first entry for each month in 2015 :-)
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Senators return to work on Monday, June 27th, to listen to the last defense witnesses in the impeachment trial of suspended Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff. Analysts believe that the next two weeks may be decisive for the suspended leader, with the defense resting its case and Rousseff herself testifying before the Senate sometime next week.
According to an impeachment schedule, approved by senators last week, former cabinet members and budget officials are expected to speak on Rousseff's behalf this week. Next week it will be the suspended president's turn to defend her actions.
Rousseff, Brazil's first woman president has been accused of mismanagement of public revenues, borrowing money from state-owned banks to pay for social programs but not including these 'loans' in the federal accounting results.
The suspended president is expected to reiterate her position that other, former presidents executed similar fiscal practices, although witnesses for the prosecution have said that the volume of loans taken from state-owned bank by the Rousseff Administration was much higher than anything previously seen.
The schedule for the prosecution will have a last chance to rebut defense testimony and produce more evidence to strengthen its case. The final vote by Senators on whether or not Rousseff will be permanently removed from office is expected to occur at the end of August, between the 22nd and the 26th.
The decision, therefore, would occur immediately following the closing ceremony of Rio 2016 Olympic Games, scheduled for August 21st, but before the Paralympic Games, September 7th to 18th.
If 54 or more of the 81 senators approve the impeachment, Rousseff will be forced to step down and will be ineligible to hold any public office for the next eight years.
Source: The Rio Times


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Tortuga Tavern BBQ
This week a new menu was released at Tortuga Tavern featuring delicious barbecue. This seasonal Adventureland restaurant is now home to new items including barbecue sandwiches with either pulled pork, sliced beef brisket or grilled chicken breast served on Texas toast as well as a lighter option of a roasted corn and vegetable salad with vinaigrette dressing. Barbecue beef brisket or chicken can also be added to the salad!
Be sure to make a stop in Adventureland to enjoy the barbecue at Tortuga Tavern!
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Pick the stunning Lolland as your next destination for your next holiday cottage Denmark.
Lolland, the most Southern island in Denmark, is known for its beautiful beaches, the wonderful water surrounding it, the embracing shore, salt meadows, the fresh reed swamp and the twisted roads that will lead you through the small idyllic villages. All of this gives you a unique possibility for renting a holiday cottage in incredible surroundings. Rent a bike and explore the region without any rush. You can for example drive to one of the lovely beaches, go to the water park, Lalandia, visit Knuthenborg Safari Park or enjoy a relaxing day at home in your holiday cottage. The many extraordinary nature experiences, activities and interesting tourist attractions will make you realise why this particular place has become an extremely popular destination for rental of holiday cottages.
Our holiday cottages in Denmark give you a wonderful opportunity to feel, taste and experience the delights of this beautiful country. Start planning your next holiday today. Search through our holiday cottages on Lolland island and get inspired.


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The most common cause of sewer gas odor comes from plumbing drain traps that have dried out.
The drainage trap on any plumbing fixture or plumbing drain line must be filled with water in order to prevent odors from entering the home.
In many cases individuals go on vacation for extended periods and return to their homes and find that the house smells from sewer gas, this is usually caused because a plumbing fixture or trap has dried out.
Plumbing drain traps are filled every time water flows, if water does not flow, then the traps are not continually being refilled.
Dry traps can also occur when there are rooms with plumbing fixtures that are not used often:
It is recommended that all toilets, in a home should be flushed every 3 weeks. The same applies to faucets that are above sinks, bathtubs and showers. This will ensure that the traps are kept filled with water.
Although dry traps are probably the cause of 75% of the sewer odors that occur in the home, there are other causes.
Damaged Toilet Seals:
The wax or rubber seal that resides between the toilet drain pipe and the base of the toilet. As the trap is an integral part of the toilet, the seal is below the trap. Hence a damaged seal will allow sewage gas to escape. Always replace the toilet gasket if the toilet is removed for any reason.
Damaged Drain Piping:
A split, crack or bad connection in a drain pipe that is below the trap can allow sewer gas to escape.
Clogged Vent Pipe / Stack:
Over the years, it is not uncommon to have leaves and other debris clog the house vent pipe that protrudes through the roof. Without adequate ventilation the sewer gas will find a method to escape inside the home.
If you live in a home that is surrounded by mature trees that drop leaves on your roof, you may wish to consider installing a vent cap (Figure 4) on all of the vents protruding through the roof, or as an alternative, adding a piece of window screening over the roof vent pipe and using a clamp to hold it in place. This will prevent debris from entering the vent stack.
Sump Pumps & French Drains:
A damaged sewer pipe, on the outside of the home, can cause waste water and hence the odors associated with the waste water to enter the home through the sump pump.
Air Conditioner Condensate Lines:
Any drain line that enters the home drainage system must be vented and have a trap. It is not uncommon for a poor installer to connect the air conditioner condensate line to the drainage system without proper venting or a trap.
Poorly Capped Drains:
If during a remodel a drain was capped with tape (a common home handyman mistake) the tape will eventually dry out, allowing sewer gas to escape. Drains that are no longer in use should be capped with a proper drain cap for the material in question.
If you have exhausted the basic causes of the sewer gas odor in your home, you may have to contract with a plumber that has a smoke generator. Smoke generators are connected to the drain system, the drain system is temporarily blocked to city sewage or septic tanks and the smoke will find and escape from the problem pipe, joint or trap. The latest technology includes electronic hand held sewer gas detectors. A probe is placed near a drain or run along a pipe and it will detect sewage gas in very small quantities.
Posted on 09/23/2010 at 12:00 AM


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Privacy Policy
www.biltontraders.com and its related entities hereafter the "Company", provides this Privacy Policy to inform you of the Company's policies and procedures regarding the collection, use and disclosure of personal information we receive when you visit www.biltontraders.com (the "Site") and when you use any part of the company's services which are available through the Site or through mobile application (the "Service"). The Company is responsible for the protection of the privacy and the safeguarding of clients' personal and financial information. By opening a trading account with the Company, the client hereby gives its consent to such collection, processing, storage and use of personal information by the Company as explained below.
The Collection of Personal Information
The Company collects the necessary information required to open a client's trading account, perform transactions and safeguard the clients' assets and privacy and to provide clients with the services they require. In this respect, the Company gathers information from clients and may, in certain circumstances, gather information from banks and/or credit agencies, and/or clearing agencies and/or other sources which will help the Company to construct the clients' profile based on their requirements and preferences in order to provide its services effectively. Personal Information may include, but is not limited to, your name, mailing address, email address, telephone number, passport details, credit card and bank account details. The Company may also collect certain demographic information, including, birth date, education, occupation, etc. The Company also assesses trading related information. The information that the Company collects includes information required to communicate with and identify its clients. The Company also maintains information as a result of your trading activity as well as monitoring and recording all or part of its communications with you. The Company may also present links on the Site in a format that enables it to keep track of whether these links have been followed.
Non-Personally Information
When you access the Site or use the Service, the Company collects the following information:
- Information that your browser sends whenever you visit a website or online service ("Log Data"). This Log Data may include, but is not limited to, the web page you were visiting before you came to the Site, your computer's Internet Protocol address, browser type and information you search for on the Site and the Service. In addition, if you access the Service via a mobile device, the Company may collect a PushID, subject to your consent as indicated by you in the mobile application, and a Mobile IP.
- The Company uses cookies to secure clients' trading activities and to enhance the performance of the Site. Cookies used by the Company do not contain personal information or other sensitive information. You can modify your browser so that it will not accept cookies. Please consult the "Help" section of your browser for instructions on how to do so correctly. However, by denying cookies, you will not be able to enjoy the Site's full merits or the full functionality of the service.
- The Company may share Site usage statistics with reputable advertising companies and with its affiliated marketing companies. It is noted that the information collected by such advertising companies is not personally identifiable. To administer and improve the Site, the Company may use third parties to track and analyze usage and statistical volume information. The third party may use cookies to track behavior and may set cookies on behalf of the Company. These cookies do not contain any personally identifiable information.
- The company uses Google Analytics on the Site, a web analytics service provided by Google, Inc. ("Google"). Google Analytics is used to help the Company obtain data regarding use of the Site. The information generated by the cookie about your use of the Site (including your IP address) may be transmitted to and stored by Google on servers in the United States. Google will use this information for evaluating your use of the Site, compiling reports on Site activity for website operators and providing other services relating to Site activity and internet usage. Google may also transfer this information to third parties where required to do so by law, or where such third parties process the information on Google's behalf. You may refuse the use of cookies by selecting the appropriate settings on your browser, however please note that if you do this you may not be able to use the full Site functionality. By using this Site, you consent to the processing of data about you by Google in the manner and for the purposes set out above.
Usage of Personal Information
- The Company uses clients' personal information for the following reasons: (1) on behalf of and according to instructions of a third party, such as the Company's advertising partners, (2) to enforce the Agreement, (3) to resolve any disputes between users of the Site or the Service, or between such users and the Company, (4) to contact you in order to obtain feedback from you regarding the Site and the Service. The Personal information helps the Company to improve its services, customize browsing experience and enables it to inform its clients of additional products, services or promotions relevant to clients and in this respect the clients hereby consent to the usage of this data for such purposes. If the clients do not want to receive information of this nature for any reason, they can contact the Company at the following address: firstname.lastname@example.com.
- The Company uses information that is not Personal Information for the above purposes and in addition in order to (a) monitor and analyze use of the Site and the Service and for the technical administration of the Site and the Service, (b) generate and derive useful data and information concerning the interests, characteristics, Site and Service use behavior of the Company's users, and (c) verify that users of the Service meet the criteria required to process their requests.
iii. Additionally, with respect to both Personal Information and other information The Company may use:
Aggregate Information and non-Identifying Information. The Company may share aggregated information, including queries and offers generated as a result of your use of the Service that includes non-identifying information and Log Data with third parties for industry analysis, demographic profiling, other commercial purposes and to deliver targeted advertising about other products and services. Any aggregated information shared in these contexts will not contain your Personal Information.
Combined Information. The Company may combine certain Personal Information with non-Personal Information in order to create information data and services that are better suited to your interests and preferences. Among other things, linking this information may allow the Company to improve and personalize the Site and the Service. If the Company should combine or link any information with your Personal Information, the combined information will be treated as Personal Information under this Policy.
Service Providers. The Company may employ third party companies and individuals to facilitate the Service, in order to provide the Service on the Company's behalf and to perform services related to administration of the Service or the Site (including, without limitation, hosting and database management services, maintenance, web analytics, payment processing and administration). These third parties have access to your Personal Information only to perform these tasks on the Company's behalf and they are obligated to comply with this Policy.
Compliance with Laws and Law Enforcement. The Company cooperates with government and law enforcement officials and private parties to enforce and comply with the law. The Company will disclose any information about you to government or law enforcement officials or private parties as the Company, in its sole discretion, believes is necessary or appropriate, to respond to claims and legal process (including but not limited to subpoenas), to protect The Company's or a third party's property and rights, to protect the safety of the public or any person, or to prevent or stop any activity the Company may consider to be, or to pose a risk of being, illegal, unethical, inappropriate or legally actionable.
In addition, the Company may post additional ancillary privacy notices with respect to specific services.
Android Advertising ID
The Android Advertising ID is an anonymous identifier, provided by Google Play services. If your device has an Advertising ID, we will collect and use it for advertising and user analytics purposes. We may use other persistent identifiers for non-advertising purposes. If your device does not have an Advertising ID, note that we will use other persistent identifiers.
Protection of Personal Information
Any personal information provided by the client to the Company will be treated as confidential and shared only within the Company and its contractors or affiliates who fallow the Company's Privacy Policy or prominently display their own. The Company will not disclose to any third party except under any regulatory or legal proceedings any of your personal information. In case such disclosure is required to be made by law or any regulatory authority, it will be made on a 'need-to-know' basis, unless otherwise instructed by the regulatory authority. Under such circumstances, the Company shall expressly inform the third party regarding the confidential nature of the information.
Changing or Deleting Your Information
You may review your Personal Information at any time. Any request to revise or delete your Personal Information should be addressed to firstname.lastname@example.com. Please note, that you may not change these details by yourself. Any changes must be accompanied by supporting documents as further detailed in the Agreement. In addition, the Company may (but is not obligated to) delete any information provided by you or related to you, in its sole discretion.
Contact Clients
From time to time the Company may contact clients whether by phone or email for the purpose of offering them further information about the Company, Forex trading or financial market trading. In addition the Company may, on occasion, seek to contact clients, whether by phone or by email, for the purpose of informing them of unique promotional offerings provided by the Company for the client. Clients consent to the receipt of such contact when they consent to our terms of use when registering with the Company. Any person wishing to opt out of further contact with the Company at any time whatsoever is entitled to do so, simply by contacting the Company whether by phone or email and requesting that no further contact on behalf of the Company be made.
Restriction of Responsibility
The Company is not responsible for the privacy policies or the content of sites, applications, banners or services to which the site links and has no control of the use or protection of information provided by the clients or collected by those sites. These other sites, applications, banners or services may place their own cookies or other files on your computer, collect data or solicit personal information from you subject to such third party's privacy policy. In addition whenever a client elects to link to a co-branded web site or to a linked web site, the client may be asked to provide registration or other personal information. Please note that such information is likely to be recorded by a third party and will be governed by the privacy policy of that third party. The Company encourages you to read the privacy policies and other terms of such third parties' websites, applications or services before accessing or using them.
International Processing or Transfer
Your information may be processed, maintained or transferred outside of your state, where the privacy laws may not be as protective as those in your jurisdiction.
Contact Us
If you have any inquiries regarding this Privacy Policy or if you receive an e-mail asking you to update your Personal Information, do not reply and please contact us at email@example.com.
Privacy Policy Updates
The Company may update this Privacy Policy from time to time. In the event that the Company materially changes this Policy including how it collects, processes or uses clients' personal information, the revised Privacy Policy will be uploaded in the Company's Site. In this respect, the clients hereby agree to accept posting of a revised Privacy Policy electronically on the Site as the actual notice of the Company to its clients. Any dispute over the Company's Privacy Policy is subject to this notice and the Terms of Use. The Company encourages its clients to periodically review this Privacy Policy so that they are always aware of what information the Company collects, how it uses it and to whom it may disclose it, in accordance with the provisions of this Policy.


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Industrial Marketing News from our Cincinnati Advertising Agency
As said in his blog, "People buy on emotion—and justify by logic." You can learn more about emotional persuasion at the Wikipedia post where it lists these appeals to emotion:
This ad "connects" with the viewer because it contains a human hand. The connectors on the fingers make you think about why they are there. Are they hurting the hand? What are they doing there? Adding a body part into an ad is like adding a person. It's also one reason testimonials are successful when there's a photo of the person, looking at you, telling their experiences. If the story is good enough, your opinion will be changed.
Why does this ad evoke a visceral reaction? No one likes a messy job. Here's a solution. And then, there are those hands again! You only have a few seconds to introduce the main benefit and visual that backs it up. The double entendre, from something that you can hold in your hand to a push-button effort, always helps develop the main visual and headline. Your brain looks at it like a riddle. And who doesn't like trying to solve a riddle?
This is one of the most humorous ads the agency has ever produced. It was fun to do and started out as a takeoff on the Splice Girls, but the lawyers said we had to make it a parody. So out went the attractive young ladies, and in came the construction workers dressed in drag. Those husky models were a bit surprised at the costumes we had for them! Like other successful ads we've done, it was immediately ripped out of the publication and stuck on the company billboard with callouts of the likely suspects in the company identified! It's the print equivalent of going viral.
This is the most "graphic" ad the agency produced and so were reactions. Some people really didn't like it, but most were amused and everyone remembered it. Phone calls to the client (immediately after publication) complained it cast the industry in a bad light. (The rendering business is in the business of reducing carcasses to pulp for further processing.) This ad style is hard to pull off. Industrial marketing's job is to tell a simple story with a benefit. Not to polarize the market or give the viewer any reason to go elsewhere. If you can't be funny, memorable and educational in industrial advertising, you're on thin ice. Negative ads almost always backfire in B2B. Your local TV news is all about bad news, social media is about good news. Read more about that effect in The Economic Times.
The use of strong, evocative words can make your ad work. The play on words leads to the small application photo.
Trade show displays can elicit feelings as well. It was a bit of a roller coaster ride for the creator of Connectosaurus Rex. Can you imagine having sold the idea and then having to build it! This is a highly conservative industry, but the final product was a big hit. We even added a sound track. As the visitor walked by the monster piped up and told a joke!
Last but not least, this ad won awards for its direct simplicity. Rules were made to be broken and this ad was negative toward the rumors competitors were circulating about our client. The ad reiterated those rumors and then refuted them.
If you liked this post, contrast it with Green marketing communications. Where you are going to have to use your brain, at some point.
How to Create Green Building Marketing Communications, Mar Com Blog post
Download our free guide to Creative Marketing Communications,
Chuck Lohre's AdVenture Presentation of examples and descriptions from Ed Lawler's book of the same title - 10 Rules On Creating Business-To-Business Ads
These are all goals of the introductory corporate marketing communication brochure. A combination of visual magnetism, history, curiosity and purpose. You certainly want someone who actually reads it to come away clearly understanding who you are and why they should trust you with their business.
In this example the company has three divisions. One division had invested in an attractive line of product literature and a corporate overview. Their marketing communications needed the corporate overview because the market didn't know the parent company as well as other players. When the time came for one of the other divisions to need a corporate brochure it was a natural to borrow some of the design elements and customize it to their market. The results are that as a whole, if all the divisions were being presented, the parent company looks focused on their markets and their customers.
The brochure cover's number one purpose is to get someone to pick it up and open. In this case it is the reflection of a photo from the founding of the company in 1951. Hundreds of employees attended a holiday program in their new plant; the photographer captured them as they all turned around the face the camera. When we create the third brochure we'll use the same reflected image but in their product.
Cover Strategies:
Usually these brochures don't stand-alone and are a continual process of evolution from previously printed pieces and web sites. And that's a good thing; rarely does a brand need a complete overhaul. The best thing is to stay on course and make small corrections. This sequence of photos illustrates the evolution of a rock crushing machine company over the last 50 years.
Now for the reveal - the first spread! Make it good because it sets the tone for the rest of the brochure.
In this example a cutaway drawing is used to illustrate the benefits and features of the product.
For multiple page brochures and catalogs a consistent grid is needed to establish the rhythm of information. To show the user where to find the information he is looking for. English readers follow an established path from the upper left to the upper right to the lower left and then the lower right. A "Z" path.
This image illustrates the cover and inside page grid for a four model machine tool spindle drill head.
This inside spread illustrates all the different voices you can mix and match to provide content and not tire the eye:
• Clear statement of who we are
• Our sister companies
• An aerial view of the plant says it all about the size and capabilities
• Our personal sales approach
• Our history through the group photos and the timeline
* For more information go to our web site
Finally, after the brochure is all done, out in the field and selling product your job isn't done. Listen closely to the feedback coming from the field and incorporate new ideas and benefit/features that help market the product. Sometimes the simplest changes help push just the right buttons in the sales cycle.
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St. Patrick's Day is one of the oldest holidays, but these St. Patrick's Day activities are timeless.
St. Patrick's Day celebrates the life of St. Patrick, who is one of the patron saints of Ireland. Because of this, St. Patrick's Day is a national holiday in Ireland.
Traditionally, people wear green on St. Patrick's Day. Leprechauns, shamrocks, and foods like Irish soda bread are all symbols of the holiday.
But you don't have to be Irish to celebrate St. Patrick's Day. Here are some great St. Patrick's Day activities for bringing out your inner Irish:
Leprechauns are known for making mischief. You'll be able to watch over your own leprechaun this St. Patrick's Day.
You can catch a little luck of the Irish with these lucky charms. Learn about this fun craft.
Legend says that at the end of the rainbow is a pot of gold. Here's a fun game you can play with your friends this St. Patrick's Day.
What's St. Patrick's Day without a leprechaun? Our first activity lesson shows you how to make your own St. Patrick's Day mascot.
For more fun activities and crafts for kids, see: