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Marina Abramovic's The Artist is Present Becomes a Video Game
Remember those halcyon days way back in 2010 when you could go wait in an incredibly long line at the MoMA to spend a few seconds sharing a stare with Marina Abramovic as she sat and stared for her extremely popular The Artist is Present piece? If you're hankering to return, and watching the Broad Museum get built in real time isn't drawn out enough for you, designer and artist Pippen Barr has created the brilliant and bizarre The Artist is Present video game. Control your animated, adventure game avatar through the process of paying $25 for a ticket and then go wait in a very long line to see Abramovic. That's it. And like the often-referenced non-game game, Penn and Teller's equally interesting Desert Bus, where you drove a bus through an unchanging landscape for hours but the steering had a slight pull, meaning you had to sit there and pay attention for all those hours, in Barr's game, if you ignore your place in line, you'll get bumped and have to start again from the back of the queue. Beside the game, Barr has a number of interesting comments about his creating the game, adding whole other layers to what first appears to just be a funny endeavor. Here's a bit:
As happens when you make things, though, different meanings and ideas come up as you go along. On researching the show it was pretty obvious that the core mechanic of the game was about waiting – that's pretty much what everyone focuses on when they think of the show – either waiting to see Abramovic or, in a sense, waiting with her. And that's immediately titillating because waiting is obviously the height of poor game design according to convention. (Note that there are some great games about waiting, notably Gregory Weir's Narthex and Increpare's Queue). Part of my attitude to it, though, was to take it to some kind of "end game" – just waiting, so real other entertainment or chance of interaction, possibly for hours, possibly never even achieving your aim. Brutal waiting.
Sadly, there's no bonus level in Barr's game where if you touch the nude people, you get in trouble with the MoMA staff.


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Course summary
Driving you and your organization toward safer industry practice!
By increasing your fundamental knowledge, this 5 day program, aims to demystify process safety principles for leaders and managers. Using a practical model, participants will learn how to bridge that gap between the 'theory' of process safety procedures with the realities of production 'practice'. This course will provide guidance on how to equip front line operators to be good decision makers under complex circumstances.
This course is run by Howard Thomas, a highly accredited and professional chemical engineer who has worked on hydrocarbon installations globally and delivered multi-million dollar competency programs for the new LNG assets in Australia under the Clough AMEC banner. As well as designing the programs, Howard also delivered the foundational training from physics and chemistry to full scale LNG optimization. He is widely recognized in his field, and being pursued by many energy companies. You will have the chance to not only learn the fundamentals of practical process safety but have a chance to speak and network!
Also, remember that this course is operated by Worley, a key and widely recognized player in the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) field.
This course does not confuse slips, trips and falls with process safety nor is it another session about the Baker report, the Cullen report, Montara or Macondo (Deep water Horizon). What this course does is consider the impact of lessons learned on day to day practice, and draws the conclusion that treating safety as an addition complicates matters.
Despite Safety Case regimes, the majority of conclusions from major incidents which have occurred over the past thirty years have a very common theme; that there is a human gap between theory and practice. This course works towards the outcomes we all desire and deserve, focusing on integrating process safety with normal day to day business.
Who is responsible for process safety in your organization? Ultimately it is the executive and by delegation the managers and supervisors in the production function. Yet those involved in the decision-making process must be fully educated due to the level of risk involved with process safety. This course is aimed at those leaders, managers, and supervisors that bear this responsibility but perhaps without the necessary understanding of how to blend process safety with the reality of production.
Participants completing this course will learn:
Upon completion, you will receive a Worley Academy Certificate Of Attendance.
Topics covered in this course span both technical content and the latest thinking in complexity science and its impact on human cognition. Technical topics: Safety cases, performance standards, inherent safety, safety integrity levels, HAZOP, bow ties, and LOPA, will all be covered, alongside quantitative risk assessment
Complexity Science topics: Human decision making, relationship complexity, competition on limited resources.
Performance improvement topics: Process safety pyramid, leading indicators and integration with asset management.
If you are a permit operator of a Major Accident Hazard installation you must have a Major Accident Prevention Policy.
However, can you meet all the requirements? Have you balanced the requirements with workforce capacity? Has the Safety Case been added to an already heavily loaded organisation?
Process Safety
Otherwise known as 'Technical Safety' we deal with the prevention of Major Accidents. Attention to slips, trips and falls (personnel safety) does not contribute to process safety. Overdoing slips, trips and falls prevention can detract from process safety.
Demystifying Theory
Complexity Science
Despite our many efforts in the field of safety we still have incidents and major accidents. Data shows that most root causes for the last two decades relate to human decision making.
Human decision making is impaired by complexity, yet we continue to add complication in the form of new safety initiatives. The complicated becomes complex when relationships between variables are not understood or when many things are competing for a limited resource (in this case workforce capacity).
Process Safety Pyramid
Practice and theory are two very different things. Most technicians do not understand process safety because they have never been taught the principles. We build on the basics taught on the first day to introduce a practical model of the layers of protection a technician deals with every day.
Leading Indicators
We introduce practical metrics to keep track of the integrity of our layers of protection. TRIR etc tell you nothing about proactive prevention of incidents.
Performance Standards and Procedures
There are no international standards for procedures. It is vitally important that the activity dictated by performance standards and procedures addresses the availability of protective layers. They are not just another work instruction.
Asset Management
Safety by addition is doomed to fail if there are not adequate resources to maintain the addition. Safety cases will fail to fulfil their purpose if they are added to an organization without consideration of the impact on resources. Too many Safety Cases aim to introduce control rather than improve safety.
Good asset management practice will ensure the Safety Case delivers. A safety case does not stand alone and should not take the form of a manual that sits on a shelf to satisfy regulations. It should only reflect what is done on a day to day basis and provide an improvement process.
Over 90 instructors and 200 courses
Access to benchmarked data
Instructors with current practical operational or asset delivery experience
We want to help our clients empower their people, maximizing professional capabilities to sustain asset integrity and growth. The Academy's offerings will create a learning experience that will engage, inspire and empower learners to transfer their knowledge back into the...
Find out more about this Practical Process Safety course - simply fill out your details:

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Product Details
|Zondervan Academic
|Publication date:
|Making Sense of Series
|Sold by:
|HarperCollins Publishing
|NOOK Book
|File size:
|Age Range:
|18 Years
About the Author
Wayne Grudem is research professor of Theology and Biblical Studies at Phoenix Seminary in Phoenix, Arizona. He holds degrees from Harvard (AB), Westminster Theological Seminary (MDiv, DD), and Cambridge (PhD). He is the author of more than a dozen books including the bestselling Systematic Theology.
Read an Excerpt
Making Sense of Man and SinMaking Sense of Series
By Wayne Grudem
ZondervanCopyright © 2011 Wayne Grudem
All right reserved.
Chapter OneINTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY
What is systematic theology? Why should Christians study it? How should we study it?
A. Definition of Systematic Theology
What is systematic theology? Many different definitions have been given, but for the purposes of this book the following definition will be used: Systematic theology is any study that answers the question, "What does the whole Bible teach us today?" about any given topic.
This definition indicates that systematic theology involves collecting and understanding all the relevant passages in the bible on various topics and then summarizing their teachings clearly so that we know what to believe about each topic.
1. Relationship to Other Disciplines. The emphasis of this book will not therefore be on historical theology (a historical study of how Christians in different periods have understood various theological topics) or philosophical theology (studying theological topics largely without use of the bible, but using the tools and methods of philosophical reasoning and what can be known about God from observing the universe) or apologetics (providing a defense of the truthfulness of the Christian faith for the purpose of convincing unbelievers). These three subjects, which are worthwhile subjects for Christians to pursue, are sometimes also included in a broader definition of the term systematic theology. In fact, some consideration of historical, philosophical, and apologetic matters will be found at points throughout this book. T his is because historical study informs us of the insights gained and the mistakes made by others previously in understanding Scripture; philosophical study helps us understand right and wrong thought forms common in our culture and others; and apologetic study helps us bring the teachings of Scripture to bear on the objections raised by unbelievers. But these areas of study are not the focus of this volume, which rather interacts directly with the biblical text in order to understand what the Bible itself says to us about various theological subjects.
If someone prefers to use the term systematic theology in the broader sense just mentioned instead of the narrow sense which has been defined above, it will not make much difference. Those who use the narrower definition will agree that these other areas of study definitely contribute in a positive way to our understanding of systematic theology, and those who use the broader definition will certainly agree that historical theology, philosophical theology, and apologetics can be distinguished from the process of collecting and synthesizing all the relevant Scripture passages for various topics. Moreover, even though historical and philosophical studies do contribute to our understanding of theological questions, only Scripture has the final authority to define what we are to believe, and it is therefore appropriate to spend some time focusing on the process of analyzing the teaching of Scripture itself.
Systematic theology, as we have defined it, also differs from Old Testament theology, New Testament theology, and biblical theology. These three disciplines organize their topics historically and in the order the topics are presented in the Bible. Therefore, in Old Testament theology, one might ask, "What does Deuteronomy teach about prayer?" or "What do the Psalms teach about prayer?" or "What does Isaiah teach about prayer?" or even, "What does the whole Old Testament teach about prayer and how is that teaching developed over the history of the Old Testament?" In New Testament theology one might ask, "What does John's gospel teach about prayer?" or "What does Paul teach about prayer?" or even "What does the New Testament teach about prayer and what is the historical development of that teaching as it progresses through the New Testament?"
"Biblical theology" has a technical meaning in theological studies. It is the larger category that contains both Old Testament theology and New Testament theology as we have defined them above. Biblical theology gives special attention to the teachings of individual authors and sections of Scripture, and to the place of each teaching in the historical development of Scripture. So one might ask, "What is the historical development of the teaching about prayer as it is seen throughout the history of the Old Testament and then of the New Testament?" Of course, this question comes very close to the question, "What does the whole Bible teach us today about prayer?" (which would be systematic theology by our definition). It then becomes evident that the boundary lines between these various disciplines often overlap at the edges, and parts of one study blend into the next. Yet there is still a difference, for biblical theology traces the historical development of a doctrine and the way in which one's place at some point in that historical development affects one's understanding and application of that particular doctrine. Biblical theology also focuses on the understanding of each doctrine that the biblical authors and their original hearers or readers possessed.
Systematic theology, on the other hand, makes use of the material of biblical theology and often builds on the results of biblical theology. A t some points, especially where great detail and care is needed in the development of a doctrine, systematic theology will even use a biblical-theological method, analyzing the development of each doctrine through the historical development of Scripture. But the focus of systematic theology remains different: its focus is on the collection and then the summary of the teaching of all the biblical passages on a particular subject. Thus systematic theology asks, for example, "What does the whole Bible teach us today about prayer?" It attempts to summarize the teaching of Scripture in a brief, understandable, and very carefully formulated statement.
2. Application to Life. Furthermore, systematic theology focuses on summarizing each doctrine as it should be understood by present-day Christians. This will sometimes involve the use of terms and even concepts that were not themselves used by any individual biblical author, but that are the proper result of combining the teachings of two or more biblical authors on a particular subject. The terms Trinity, incarnation, and deity of Christ, for example, are not found in the Bible, but they usefully summarize biblical concepts.
Defining systematic theology to include "what the whole Bible teaches us today" implies that application to life is a necessary part of the proper pursuit of systematic theology. Thus a doctrine under consideration is seen in terms of its practical value for living the Christian life. Nowhere in Scripture do we find doctrine studied for its own sake or in isolation from life. The biblical writers consistently apply their teaching to life. Therefore, any Christian reading this book should find his or her Christian life enriched and deepened during this study; indeed, if personal spiritual growth does not occur, then the book has not been written properly by the author or the material has not been rightly studied by the reader.
3. Systematic Theology and Disorganized Theology. If we use this definition of systematic theology, it will be seen that most Christians actually do systematic theology (or at least make systematic-theological statements) many times a week. For example: "The Bible says that everyone who believes in Jesus Christ will be saved." "The Bible says that Jesus Christ is the only way to God." "The Bible says that Jesus is coming again." These are all summaries of what Scripture says and, as such, they are systematic-theological statements. In fact, every time a Christian says something about what the whole Bible says, he or she is in a sense doing "systematic theology" — according to our definition — by thinking about various topics and answering the question, "What does the whole Bible teach us today?"
How then does this book differ from the "systematic theology" that most Christians do? First, it treats biblical topics in a carefully organized way to guarantee that all important topics will receive thorough consideration. This organization also provides one sort of check against inaccurate analysis of individual topics, for it means that all other doctrines that are treated can be compared with each topic for consistency in methodology and absence of contradictions in the relationships between the doctrines. This also helps to ensure balanced consideration of complementary doctrines: Christ's deity and humanity are studied together, for example, as are God's sovereignty and man's responsibility, so that wrong conclusions will not be drawn from an imbalanced emphasis on only one aspect of the full biblical presentation.
In fact, the adjective systematic in systematic theology should be understood to mean something like "carefully organized by topics," with the understanding that the topics studied will be seen to fit together in a consistent way, and will include all the major doctrinal topics of the Bible. Thus "systematic" should be thought of as the opposite of "randomly arranged" or "disorganized." I n systematic theology topics are treated in an orderly or "systematic" way.
A second difference between this book and the way most Christians do systematic theology is that it treats topics in much more detail than most Christians do. For example, an ordinary Christian as a result of regular reading of the Bible may make the theological statement, "The Bible says that everyone who believes in Jesus Christ will be saved." That is a perfectly true summary of a major biblical teaching. However, it can take several pages to elaborate more precisely what it means to "believe in Jesus Christ," and it could take several chapters to explain what it means to "be saved" in all of the many implications of that term.
Third, a formal study of systematic theology will make it possible to formulate summaries of biblical teachings with much more accuracy than Christians would normally arrive at without such a study. In systematic theology, summaries of biblical teachings must be worded precisely to guard against misunderstandings and to exclude false teachings.
Fourth, a good theological analysis must find and treat fairly all the relevant Bible passages for each particular topic, not just some or a few of the relevant passages. This often means that it must depend on the results of careful exegesis (or interpretation) of Scripture generally agreed upon by evangelical interpreters or, where there are significant differences of interpretation, systematic theology will include detailed exegesis at certain points.
Because of the large number of topics covered in a study of systematic theology and because of the great detail with which these topics are analyzed, it is inevitable that someone studying a systematic theology text or taking a course in systematic theology for the first time will have many of his or her own personal beliefs challenged or modified, refined or enriched. It is of utmost importance therefore that each person beginning such a course firmly resolve in his or her own mind to abandon as false any idea which is found to be clearly contradicted by the teaching of Scripture. But it is also very important for each person to resolve not to believe any individual doctrine simply because this textbook or some other textbook or teacher says that it is true, unless this book or the instructor in a course can convince the student from the text of Scripture itself. It is Scripture alone, not "conservative evangelical tradition" or any other human authority, that must function as the normative authority for the definition of what we should believe.
4. What Are Doctrines? In this book, the word doctrine will be understood in the following way: A doctrine is what the whole Bible teaches us today about some particular topic. This definition is directly related to our earlier definition of systematic theology, since it shows that a "doctrine" is simply the result of the process of doing systematic theology with regard to one particular topic. Understood in this way, doctrines can be very broad or very narrow. We can speak of "the doctrine of God" as a major doctrinal category, including a summary of all that the Bible teaches us today about God. Such a doctrine would be exceptionally large. On the other hand, we may also speak more narrowly of the doctrine of God's eternity, or the doctrine of the Trinity, or the doctrine of God's justice.
Within the major doctrinal category of this book, many more specific teachings have been selected as appropriate for inclusion. Generally these meet at least one of the following three criteria: (1) they are doctrines that are most emphasized in Scripture; (2) they are doctrines that have been most significant throughout the history of the church and have been important for all Christians at all times; (3) they are doctrines that have become important for Christians in the present situation in the history of the church (even though some of these doctrines may not have been of such great interest earlier in church history). Some examples of doctrines in the third category would be the doctrine of the inerrancy of Scripture, the doctrine of baptism in the Holy Spirit, the doctrine of Satan and demons with particular reference to spiritual warfare, the doctrine of spiritual gifts in the New Testament age, and the doctrine of the creation of man as male and female in relation to the understanding of roles appropriate to men and women today.
Finally, what is the difference between systematic theology and Christian ethics? Although there is inevitably some overlap between the study of theology and the study of ethics, I have tried to maintain a distinction in emphasis. T he emphasis of systematic theology is on what God wants us to believe and to know, while the emphasis in C hristian ethics is on what God wants us to do and what attitudes he wants us to have. S uch a distinction is reflected in the following definition: Christian ethics is any study that answers the question, "What does God require us to do and what attitudes does he require us to have today?" with regard to any given situation. Thus theology focuses on ideas while ethics focuses on situations in life. Theology tells us how we should think while ethics tells us how we should live. A textbook on ethics, for example, would discuss topics such as marriage and divorce, lying and telling the truth, stealing and ownership of property, abortion, birth control, homosexuality, the role of civil government, discipline of children, capital punishment, war, care for the poor, racial discrimination, and so forth. Of course there is some overlap: theology must be applied to life (therefore it is often ethical to some degree). And ethics must be based on proper ideas of God and his world (therefore it is theological to some degree).
This book will emphasize systematic theology, though it will not hesitate to apply theology to life where such application comes readily. Still, for a thorough treatment of Christian ethics, another textbook similar to this in scope would be necessary.
B. Initial Assumptions of This Book
We begin with two assumptions or presuppositions: (1) that the Bible is true and that it is, in fact, our only absolute standard of truth; (2) that the God who is spoken of in the Bible exists, and that he is who the Bible says he is: the Creator of heaven and earth and all things in them. These two presuppositions, of course, are always open to later adjustment or modification or deeper confirmation, but at this point, these two assumptions form the point at which we begin.
C. Why Should Christians Study Theology?
Why should Christians study systematic theology? That is, why should we engage in the process of collecting and summarizing the teachings of many individual Bible passages on particular topics? Why is it not sufficient simply to continue reading the Bible regularly every day of our lives?
Excerpted from Making Sense of Man and Sin by Wayne Grudem Copyright © 2011 by Wayne Grudem. Excerpted by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Systematic Theology....................13
Chapter 2: The Creation of Man....................34
Chapter 3: Man as Male and Female....................48
Chapter 4: The Essential Nature of Man....................65
Chapter 5: Sin....................82
Chapter 6: The Covenants Between God and Man....................106


text: Home Featured Britain and India 400 Years: Britain and India- introduction and trailer Episode 1 - The East India Company The relationship between Britain and India Episode 2 - Roots of the Empire Part 1 The influence of Robert Clive and Warren Hastings on India Episode 3 - Roots of the Empire Part 2 Indian rulers cede power to Britain Episode 4 - The Indian Education System Thomas Babington Macaulay's 'Minute on Education' Episode 5 - How did Indians migrate around the world? People from India move across the world Episode 6 - Learn the history of Indian cuisine by cooking a 17th Century curry! The palate of the Moguls- Bursting full of aromatic flavours Episode 7 - The Indian Rebellion 1857 A country into a perpetual state of unrest Episode 8 - Partition of the Subcontinent India and Pakistan are separated by the line on a map Episode 9 - Learn how to make an 18th Century Indian curry The British love affair with curry Both Britain and India were in very different places 400 years ago and the interactions between both countries throughout those four centuries have come to shape our world today in more ways than one would expect... Read more


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President Obama Rips Cubs During Yankees World Series Visit
A visit to the White House is special for any winning team that gets invited. For the New York Yankees however, their visit celebrating their 2009 World Series title became less about them and more about another city — Chicago. President Barack Obama has made it quite clear in the past that he loves the White Sox, even though he had a hard time naming any of their players. The best part about the Yankees' visit Monday was not what Obama had to say about his beloved Sox, but instead his comments about the Cubs:
"It's been nine years since your last title — which must have felt like eternity for Yankee fans. I think other teams would be just fine with a spell like that. The Cubs, for example."
Way to slip in a jab at the Cubs, Mr. President. It does help mask the pain of a disappointing White Sox season by making fun of the team that is doing slightly better than them (Cubs are 10-10, White Sox are 8-11). This isn't the first time Obama has made a jab at the Cubs, and I'm certain it won't be the last.
I think the Yankees may have gotten the last laugh on this one though. After Yankees manager Joe Girardi brought the World Series trophy over to Obama for a photo opp, a member of the Yankees organization said to Obama that it might be the only chance he gets to hold the trophy. Ouch, would you like a little ice for that burn? As much as it pains me to say it, Obama probably won't be holding a World Series trophy with the boys in black and white anytime soon.
Obama hosts Yankees at White House [ESPN New York]


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Mushrooms In The Deep
|Mushrooms In The Deep
|Mission Number
|Previous Mission
|Secure The Outpost
|Following Mission
|The Medusa's Call
Mushrooms In The Deep is the fifth Mission in Far Cry 3. It begins right where the previous mission left you off. After discovering your girlfriend Liza was not where she was suggested to be, you must speak to Dr. Earnhardt.
- Go talk to Dr. Earnhardt.
- Go see Daisy.
- Find an entrance to the cave.
- Explore the cave to find the mushrooms.
- Find the mushrooms.
- Return to Dr. Earnhardt at the Greenhouse.
- Reach the top of the cliffs to return to Dr. Earnhardt.
- Meet with Daisy.
Master Difficulty Video Walkthrough
Written Walkthrough
Dr. Earnhardt is located far east of your location, so it's recommended that you fast travel to Amanaki Town, and reach Dr. Earnhardt from there. If you choose to fast travel to Amanaki Town, you can exit the town just south of your safe house. Here you will also find a car to drive to Dr. Earnhardt. Once again, he's rather far away, and it's recommended that you fast travel to the closest location to his waypoint.
If you've chosen to take the scenic route, and hopped into that car just south of the Amanaki Town safe house, just across the river and near the beach is a dock with one motor boat that you can use to reach the goal. On your way there, you can also stop by the nearby radio tower if you so choose to. Activating it will open up a huge chunk of the world map and unlock several new items purchasable in Stores. Just the like the first radio tower in Down In Amanaki Town, every other radio tower includes a zipline as an easy way down. Take the zipline down, and be on your way. Dr. Earnhardt should be just west of the location the zipline left you off at, and it shouldn't be too difficult to steal a jeep from nearby pirates.
As you might have noticed looting corpses and chests recently, your wallet has a carrying capacity, as do your bags. Expand the amount of money that you can carry in your wallet by obtaining a pig hide and crafting a simple wallet.
Once you've located Dr. Earnhardt's home, go toward the right of his home into the greenhouse. Once you enter, a cutscene will be initiated in which Dr. Earnhardt attempts to sell you hallucinogens. He eventually informs you that one of your friends is in his home, but it's not Liza, it's Daisy.
Leave the greenhouse, and enter Dr. Earnhardt's home through the front door. Daisy can be found up on the second story. Once you enter the second story bedroom, another cutscene will be initiated in which Dr. Earnhardt informs you that Daisy has cut her arm on a poisonous plant and that you must travel to caves just west of his home and acquire cave mushrooms to be made into an antidote.
Leave his house and travel up north until you reach the cave entrance. Take note of the fact that the doctor told you the cave entrance was west, not north. The cave is also located underwater, so beware, there are Sharks here. Swim through the cave until you reach an area where you can surface. Climb onto the shore, leap over the rock structure on the path, and jump into the water below. Once you reach the vines, surface, then climb up. Continue through the cave, and avoid falling back down into the pool of water below, otherwise you'll have to start back from the beginning.
Once you've reached the second set of vines, you'll climb up to an area littered with small plants on the ground. The plants will emit a gas, and you'll begin to hallucinate. Continue on your way, and climb the vines located in the next area. You'll begin hallucinating again, and the entire cave will flip, causing you to begin walking up the vines as if the cave flipped ninety degrees. Plants will begin to sprout from nowhere, and more of the gas-emitting plants can be found here.
Continue walking until you reach a house. As you approach the house, it will move away from you. Continue following the house through the cave until it stops moving, then enter through the front door. Approach the back door, and it will eventually open, revealing the mushrooms you've been looking for. Once you get within a foot of the mushrooms, the surface beneath you will break out from under you, and you'll fall.
After you regain consciousness from the fall, you'll find yourself in a much more normal looking cave than before. The mushrooms are just a ways ahead. Pick a mushroom, then leave the cave and return to Dr. Earnhardt's greenhouse by scaling the cliff. Try and avoid falling at all costs.
Once you reach Dr. Earnhardt's greenhouse, you'll have to enter it from the side door rather than the front. After you've given Dr. Earnhardt the mushrooms he asked for, he'll instruct you to visit Daisy. Leave the greenhouse and walk to the second story of Dr. Earnhardt's home. Entering the room Daisy is in will initiate a cutscene in which you inform Daisy that Grant is dead. The doctor shows up, and you convince him to allow you to keep the rest of your friends at his home if you find any. After the cutscene, you walk downstairs and the mission ends.
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Joe Carnahan Directing 'The Raid' Remake Starring Frank Grillo
The Raid is getting remade by Joe Carnahan, and it's starring Frank Grillo. I'm stoked by this news, as I'm a fan of the actor smashing skulls. Looking gruff and sexy. Smashing more skulls.
The Raid came out of seemingly nowhere to become a surprise hit in 2011, which meant it wasn't long before Hollywood came knocking with plans for an English-language remake. Over the years, that intended project has suffered some stops and starts, flirting with different combinations of stars and directors, and seemed to run out of steam around 2015.
But a really buzzy remake idea never really goes away. It just lies in wait until the right people come along. And those people, apparently, are director Joe Carnahan and star Frank Grillo. The two have slyly announced a "reimagining" of Gareth Evans' instant action classic, apparently set in Caracas, Venezuela.
Production company XYZ Films dropped the big news on Twitter. (Carnahan shared the same video on his Instagram with a slightly different caption.)


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Monthly Archives: March 2014
Invitation to Play Final Round of Cash Max 2014 Leaderboard Competition
Published On: March 31, 2014
This March saw 4 rounds of Lotus Cash Max Leaderboard Competition & respective winners. Here are our winners from the 4 rounds of the Competition: Top 25 Players of every qualification rounds are eligible to play the Final Round of … Continue reading
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End of the Month Sale is Back on Popular Demand!
Published On: March 27, 2014
It's time to celebrate "End of the Month Sale" offered by "Lotus Players Club Group of Online Casinos"! We're inviting YOU to join spectacular 5 days "End of The Month Sale". Simply login to your account and and enjoy the … Continue reading
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Rise of Spartans Video Slot Launched – Prepare for Victory in the Battle of Artemisium!
Published On: March 13, 2014
Looking for Fresh Online Video Slot? Yeah, We've got them for you right here. We are pleased to announce a new exhilarating Video Slot Game "Rise of Spartans" for Lotus Group of Online Casinos. The game's Ancient Greek theme follows … Continue reading
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Exceptional summer in Spain29.07.2017 13:38
Even before the official summer started, Spain had seen exceptional weather conditions in different parts of the country this year, from heatwaves to severe thunderstorms. This is a summary of the weather conditions there so far.
Heatwave in June
The summer officially starts on the 21th of June but before this day, with the longest hours of the daylight of the year, the strong sunshine heated the air up quickly over the Spanish plateau and temperatures rose sharply for many areas. A high pressure kept dry and sunny conditions for a few days and some areas started to see some records breaking. The 13th of June these cities broke previous records:
· Madrid 39.5C, previous record 39.3C the 29th June 2015.
· Cuenca 38.1C, previous record 38.0C the 30th of June 1994.
· Albacete 39.7C, previous record 39.4C the 22nd of June 2002.
At the start of the following week, there was a relief for many parts but it remained near 30C for southern regions.
Severe Thunderstorms at the start of July
The next spell of extreme weather occurred during the first week of July. A slow-moving cut-off low over central Spain triggered several squal lines with severe thunderstorms. Some meteorologists and amateurs even talked about supercells but this is not yet confirmed. There was very large hail, frequent lightning and strong winds for central and northern areas. An impressive metre of hail accumulated in some streets of Girona, Cataluna, on July 1st, with flash flooding in other parts of the city. Many inhabitants needed to be evacuated by the emergency services.
Madrid saw a massive thunderstorm too July 7th but the worst affected area was the south-west of the Madrid region with torrential downpours, golf-ball-size hail and very frequent lightning. The village of Cenicientos registered a peak of precipitation of 245 mm per hour. This is not an official figure and it is pending verification. Anyhow, beyond 60 mm/hour, the intensity of the rain is considered torrential.
Another exceptional heatwave
A couple of weeks ago, a sub-tropical high pressure ridged and brought intense heat from north-west Africa. Temperatures became exceptional in the regions of Extremadura and Andalucia. These areas are always very hot in summer but this time the situation turned unbearable and several people have suffered from heatstroke.
There was some controversy that week on social networks concerning the maximum temperature and new record of 47.3C at Montoro, to the east of Cordoba. However, the official record belongs to Cordoba city itself with 46.9C on July the 13th. Moreover, another seven observation sites broke their previous records. Not only did the maximum temperatures break records, but it was also very hot during the night in many places, such as Dona Mencia, Cordoba which near 29C as the minimum temperature on July the 14th
Outlook for August
It looks as though temperatures will remain above average next week. That means, it will remain dry and sunny for most areas and quite hot but not so exceptional. However, the north-west will be cooler and cloudier with a chance of some rain towards mid-week. Looking ahead, a largely dry and hot period is expected for much of Spain with just cooler and wetter conditions across the Cantabrian Coast. There are hints that the second part of August may have temperatures above average with a greater risk of anew heatwaves and dry conditions are expected to continue.By: Mario Cuellar


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Real Estate Appraisal Services for Home Buyers in or in the Vicinity of Grapevine, TexasWhy should you get an "appraisal" when you're not really going through the process of applying for a loan? After all, the only thing you might need is some info on local properties. There are so many different variables that go into buying a house that it can seem incredibly daunting. We know. We've been there. An informed buying decision is far easier with our appraisals.
If you order a report from Dedicated Appraisal Services, Inc, you can expect...
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MovieBob - IntermissionMovieBob's Re-Tales: BlockbustedMovieBob - Intermission - RSS 2.0
And so it ends. The news came on Wednesday that Blockbuster Video was shuttering its remaining stores and ending its non-starter Netflix/Redbox wannabe ventures. It wasn't that long ago (2004, in fact) that Blockbuster was the most powerful name in home entertainment, but the effects of streaming, on-demand and Redbox were so instantly damning that today's news arrives with most folks being surprised that any of them were still open.
Blockbuster was my first paying job, in High School, back in 1998. I'd actually end up working for the company on two separate occasions, becoming an assistant manager the second time. It's an experience I recall with mixed emotions: The pay was lousy, the company was everything wrong with entertainment-retail and I labored under more than a few genuinely terrible bosses while there. On the other hand, several of my closest and dearest current friendships were made there, among fellow employees.
In any case, here are three stories (of the ones that I can tell - my "best" Blockbuster Stories won't be suitable for telling until either myself or certain other associated parties are in the grave) of my time there that leapt immediately to mind when the word came of Big Blue finally throwing in the towel.
The Fandom Menace
The release of Star Wars Episode I - The Phantom Menace to VHS was to be the big home-video event of 2000, or so everyone in the video biz thought remembering the glory days of big launches. Instead, we were all just a few years out from DVD and Netflix, unaware that the world was already turning away from the mentality that you needed to line up at midnight for a pan-and-scan VHS of a big movie.
Also, let's face it, public opinion had turned around on TPM remarkably quickly, and by the time it was on video its badness was well established. So, despite all our "IT'S COMING!!!" signage, weeks of pitches for reservations and my volunteering to turn up in Darth Maul facepaint, we wound up facing a "midnight launch" line of... four people, only one of whom wanted to buy his copy instead of renting.
And then the computers failed to recognize the item SKU, which ultimately meant he got his copy for free to avoid a scene. All things considered, we should've taken this as an omen. (There was no attempt at a midnight launch for Attack Of The Clones.)
Wide Divide
Some of you are too you to remember this, but once upon a time TVs were square-shaped while movie screens were rectangles. This meant that movies released to video had two options for display, neither ideal: "full-screen" (aka pan-and-scan) which "filled" a TV screen by lopping the sides off a film image, or "widescreen" (aka letterbox) which presented the original film image with empty spaces on the TV's top and bottom. Every Blockbuster had at least one bitter, put-upon film geek whose job was explaining this - while trying not to be too snarky about the obvious superiority of widescreen.
For decades, the rule of thumb was the cheaper VHS tapes came in fullscreen while more expensive "collector's edition" tapes and digital formats like laserdisc went with wide, but in 1999 DVD was starting to eke its way out, digital tvs were arriving and you started to see studios question the economics of doing so many versions of a single release.
My most vivid memory of this coming to a head was when Michael Mann's The Insider came to VHS in widescreen only, at the request of its director and the behest of its newly cost-conscious studio. At my store, we spent all week fielding bewildered phone calls (and return requests) from folks who just couldn't concieve that something had not gone wrong with either the tape or their television.
"No, ma'am. Your TV is not cutting off Christopher Plummer's head - that's the way the shot was always composed, it was never there."
"Young man, you may think I'm stupid, but I've seen The Sound Of Music hundreds of times so I can assure you Christopher Plummer has a head!"


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Is it difficult for people to become members of the OPC if they have strong backgrounds in other Protestant denominations?
No. It happens quite frequently.
First, people come from denominations with whom we have fraternal relations, though they choose to remain separate denominations. Members can be received from them through letter of transfer, though most OPCs still like to have such potential members come before the Session (board of ministers and elders) just to get better acquainted. But they are almost always received on the letter of commendation from the dismissing church.
Those who do not come from fraternal denominations are required to attend membership classes in which the doctrines of the OPC are carefully explained. Most times, as a result of these classes, new members are convinced of the truth of those doctrines. (Full subscription to the Westminster Standardsalthough required of church officersis not required for church membership.) If they demonstrate a credible profession of faith and a willingness to be instructed in the things of God, they are admitted to membership in the church (and their young children, if not already baptized, are baptized and entered on the baptized rolls of the church). The church in which I worship and serve has members from a great number of other Protestant churches and some from the Roman Catholic church.
The central point in testing the faith of potential members is whether they have a living relationship with Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord. Of course there's much more than that, but that is what we seek from all adult members.
"Questions and Answers" is a weekly feature of the OPC website. The answers come from individual ministers in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church expressing their own convictions and do not necessarily represent an "official" position of the Church, especially in areas where the Standards of the Church (the Scriptures and the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms) are silent.
The questions come from individuals like yourself. If you have questions about biblical and theological matters, you are invited to send them by e-mail by using the "Pose a Question" link on the OPC home page or by clicking here.
At least one new question is posted each week, so there should always be something new here for you to read. (For those people who would like to look at previous questions and answers, they will continue to be available as well.)
The purpose of the OPC website's "Questions and Answers" is to respond to biblical and theological questions. Matters of church discipline, disputes, or debates go beyond the scope of our work. We recommend that you present your concerns in these areas to the appropriate judicatory. In most cases this will be to a local pastor, elder, or session. We do not want the website to replace personal involvement in, or commitment to, the local, visible church.
While we will respond to every serious questioner, we are not bound to give a substantive answer to every question, should we deem the question to be beyond the scope of our purpose or our own ability to answer.
You will receive an answer by e-mail. Please be patient as many of our respondents are busy pastors. The response to your question may take up to two (2) weeks. Some of the questions submitted will be chosen to be posted here, along with the corresponding answers.
Note that the "Questions and Answers" posted on the site have been editedall personal references are removed, Scripture references or from some source may be added, and sometimes portions are expandedto make the questions and answers more useful to a larger audience.
|© 2020 The Orthodox Presbyterian Church
Chaplains and Military Personnel


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WISTAX Offers Voter Guide for Upcoming Elections
Includes Specific Questions for Candidates
MADISON—"With state budget surpluses now being lowered, and a hike in the nation's sixth highest gas tax a growing possibility, voters have some obvious questions to ask statewide legislative candidates over the next few months," says Wisconsin Taxpayers Alliance (WISTAX) President Todd A. Berry. To counter misinformation that is common in multi-million-dollar political "ad wars," WISTAX released "Issues for Voters, Questions for Candidates," an in-depth look at key public policy issues currently facing Wisconsin.
"Armed with solid facts and information, voters will be able to ask candidates for answers to specific questions before upcoming elections," Berry said. WISTAX is a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization devoted to public policy research and citizen education.
The most difficult issue facing the governor and legislature in 2015 is transportation funding, Berry said. A recent state commission found that, without changes to the status quo, if state transportation spending were to remain at 2013 levels over the next ten years, Wisconsin would still be short $2 billion. The shortfall is due to slow-growing revenue from both gas taxes and registration fees, the state's main sources of transportation funding. How candidates plan to address the transportation funding problem—either through spending cuts or tax increases—is an important question voters need to ask.
An equally significant issue is the future growth of Wisconsin's economy. The state's shares of the U.S. population, jobs, and output (GDP) have been declining over the past 15 years, so voters will need to ask candidates what state government can or should do to boost the economy.
A related area is state finance. Debt service represents a larger percentage of state spending today than previously—4.1% in 2013 vs. about 2.0% of spending during the 1990s. "Candidates need to discuss how we can prevent debt service payments from adding to state budget problems," Berry observed.
School finance presents an equally difficult challenge. Slow-growing or declining revenue limits on districts can create budget difficulties for schools with high fixed or semi-fixed costs. Finances are particularly challenging in districts with low or declining enrollment. In 2012-13, 123 (34%) of Wisconsin's K-12 districts had fewer than five students per square mile. Of those, nearly half had fewer than 500 students, and 90% had fewer than 1,000. Since small districts are not able to take full advantage of scale economies, their per student costs tend to be above average. Voters should be prepared to ask candidates what the state can do, if anything, to help these districts financially.
Local government funding also needs to be addressed. Prolonged state budget difficulties, combined with changing state spending priorities, have led to reduced state aid to local governments. Fiscal challenges worsened in 2006 and again in 2011 when the state restricted annual increases in municipal and county property taxes. How legislative hopefuls plan to ease that financial burden is yet another question for voters to pursue.
A free copy of The Wisconsin Taxpayer magazine, "Issues for Voters, Questions for Candidates" is available by visiting www.wistax.org; emailing firstname.lastname@example.com; calling 608.241.9789; or writing WISTAX at 401 North Lawn Ave., Madison, WI 53704-5033.
Mentioned in This Press Release
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Callender Named WISTAX Communications DirectorJul 26th, 2016 by Wisconsin Taxpayers Alliance
Award-winning journalist joins team of experts
Lottery Property Tax Credits Decline in 2015Jun 16th, 2016 by Wisconsin Taxpayers Alliance
New Report Analyzes Legal Gambling in Wisconsin


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Spring, Summer and Fall
During the Spring, Summer and Fall we offer private and custom tours aboard our 9 passenger carriage and our 20 passenger wagon. Take a leisurely ride around Sun Peaks and the Village with a team of Draft Horses!
20 Passengers
Our 20 Passenger Horse Drawn Wagon is available for custom charter all year round and is perfect for larger groups or families to be together for their experience.
Horse-drawn Wagon Tour $ 550.00
While in the Winter, the 9 passenger carriage switches over to runners and sleigh rides! A second carriage enables groups up to 11 people.


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Transcript unit12PowerPointX
Object-Oriented Programming (Java), Unit 12 Kirk Scott 1 Inheritance, Part I • 12.1 What is Inheritance? • 12.2 Writing the Code for Subclasses • 12.3 Access to Instance Variables and Overriding Methods 2 • 12.4 A Note on the Meaning of Inheritance • 12.5 The Key Word super, Methods, and Construction • 12.6 References to Classes and Subclasses in Programs and Methods 3 12.1 What is Inheritance? 4 12.1.1 Superclass/Subclass, Parent Class/Child Class Terminology • The class at the top of an inheritance hierarchy has nothing above it. • Any other class has exactly one class immediately above it in the hierarchy. • Any given class may have more than one class above it, at different levels in the hierarchy. 5 • The class immediately above a given class may be called the parent class or superclass. • All classes above it are known generally as superclasses. 6 • A class can have more than one class immediately below it. • Below that may be others, and so on. • A class immediately below a given class may be called a child class or a subclass. • All classes below it are known generally as subclasses. 7 12.1.2 "Is-a" or "Is-a-Kind-of" Relationships • The relationship between items in an inheritance hierarchy can be described as an "is a" or "is a kind of" relationship. • Any class that appears lower down in the hierarchy must be an example of, or a more specific kind of, whatever classes appear above it in the hierarchy. 8 • In the field of biology the classification of all living things is based on this idea. • This is referred to as taxonomy. • The taxonomy of human beings is shown on the next overhead. • This illustrates one relatively complete branch of an inheritance hierarchy. 9 • Kingdom: Animalia – Phylum: Chordata • Class: Mammalia – Order: Primates » Family: Hominidae » » Genus: Homo Species: sapiens 10 12.1.3 Inheritance Hierarchies are TreeLike • The UML-like diagram on the next overhead illustrates the tree-like nature of inheritance hierarchies. • This is described as a tree, although it is customary to represent it "upside down", with the root at the top. 11 Animalia Chordata Mammalia Aves Arthropoda Reptilia Insecta Arachnida 12 12.1.4 In Java the Root Class and the Default Parent Class is Named Object • In Java the single class at the top of the hierarchy, or the root of the tree, is a class named Object. • All system supplied classes are arranged in a hierarchy beneath this class. • When a programmer writes classes and a parent class is not specified, such classes become children, or immediate subclasses, of the Object class. 13 • There is a syntax allowing programmers to specifically make one class a subclass of another. • It will be covered later. 14 12.1.5 Subclasses Inherit Instance Variables and Methods, but Not Constructors • Classes in the hierarchy are related by inheritance. • Any class that has classes above it in the hierarchy inherits characteristics of those superclasses. • These characteristics include instance variables and methods. • Constructors are not inherited. 15 • It is natural, and possible, for subclasses to add instance variables and methods which do not exist in the superclasses. • This is the main way in which subclasses distinguish themselves from their superclasses. • There may also be situations where it is undesirable to inherit characteristics. • There is syntax which thwarts inheritance. • It will be covered later. 16 12.1.6 Do Not Confuse Individual Inheritance with Class Inheritance • Different uses of the term inheritance can potentially lead to confusion. • Inheritance can be used to refer to the characteristics an individual child receives from a particular parent, for example. • This is not the sense of inheritance as it's used here. 17 • The taxonomic example shows inheritance among categories, not individuals. • This does illustrate the sense of inheritance as it's used here. • For example, the genus Homo is the parent class of the species sapiens in the hierarchy. • Homo doesn't represent some individual parent and sapiens doesn't represent some individual child. 18 12.1.7 The Hierarchy Containing Rectangle2D in the Java API Documentation • The Java API documentation for the class Rectangle2D shows an inheritance hierarchy. java.lang.Object java.awt.geom.RectangularShape java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D • Object is the parent class of RectangularShape and RectangularShape is the parent class of Rectangle2D. 19 • The class names are fully qualified using dot notation to show which packages they are in, java.lang or java.awt.geom. • Package membership does not indicate inheritance relationships. 20 12.2 Writing the Code for Subclasses 21 12.2.1 The Food Class Example • Consider a class, FoodV1, which represents kinds of food items from the point of view of the store where they are sold. • Code for this class is given on the next overhead. • The instance variables for this class are name, wholesaleCost, and markup. • By default, this class is a subclass of the Object class. 22 • public class FoodV1 • { • private String name; • private double wholesaleCost; • private double markup; • public FoodV1() • { • } • public void setName(String nameIn) • { • name = nameIn; • } • public String getName() • { • return name; • } 23 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • } public void setWholesaleCost(double wholesaleCostIn) { wholesaleCost = wholesaleCostIn; } public double getWholesaleCost() { return wholesaleCost; } public void setMarkup(double markupIn) { markup = markupIn; } public double getMarkup() { return markup; } public double getPrice() { return (wholesaleCost + wholesaleCost * markup); } 24 12.2.2 Creating Subclasses • It is possible to create a class, TaxedFoodV1, which is a subclass of the FoodV1 class. • Here is a UML diagram showing the inheritance relationship between these classes and the Object class: 25 Object FoodV1 TaxedFoodV1 26 12.2.3 The Keyword extends • The keyword for specifying a subclass is extends. • Syntactically, the child specifies its one parent; the parent doesn't specify its potentially many children. • Here is the code for the TaxedFoodV1, a child class of FoodV1: 27 • public class TaxedFoodV1 extends FoodV1 • { • private double taxRate; • public TaxedFoodV1() • { • } • public void setTaxRate(double taxRateIn) • { • taxRate = taxRateIn; • } • public double getTaxRate() • { • return taxRate; • } • } 28 12.2.4 Constructors • There is nothing unusual about the TaxedFoodV1 class regarding construction • It has a default constructor and an instance of the class can be constructed as usual: • TaxedFoodV1 myTaxedFood = new TaxedFoodV1(); 29 12.2.5 The Inheritance of Instance Variables • The TaxedFoodV1 class has one instance variable of its own, taxRate. • The class also inherits all of the instance variables of the class FoodV1. • An object of this class (e.g., myTaxedFood) has all of the following instance variables: • name inherited • wholesaleCost inherited • markup inherited • taxRate not inherited 30 12.2.6 The Inheritance of Methods • The TaxedFoodV1 class has get and set methods for the instance variable taxRate defined in it. • It also inherits all of the methods (which were declared public) of the class FoodV1. • After an instance of myTaxedFoodV1 has been constructed, calls to the inherited methods can be freely made on it. 31 • TaxedFoodV1 myTaxedFood = new TaxedFoodV1(); • myTaxedFood.setname("Peas"); • double retrievedCost = myTaxedFood.getWholesaleCost(); • double retrievedPrice = myTaxedFood.getPrice(); 32 12.3 Access to Instance Variables and Overriding Methods 33 12.3.1 Inherited Instance Variables Are Not Directly Accessible • Both (private) instance variables and (public) methods are inherited. • Inherited instance variables declared private in the superclass (as they should be) are not directly accessible in the subclass. • When using an instance of a subclass, it is possible to work with the object's inherited instance variables by using the inherited get and set methods. 34 12.3.2 Thwarting Inheritance by Overriding Methods • As subclasses become more specific, it is possible that an inherited method does not completely accomplish what needs to be accomplished. • It is syntactically possible for a subclass to have a method with the same name as a method in one of its superclasses, and with the same parameter list. 35 • This is referred to as overriding the inherited method. • If a call is made on an object of the subclass using that method name, the version of the method defined in the subclass is used, not the version in the superclass. • Inheritance is thwarted by overriding. 36 12.3.3 Do Not Confuse Overriding with Overloading • It is also possible to write a method in a subclass with the same name as a method in one of its superclasses, but with a different parameter list. • In this case you have not overridden the inherited method. • This is overloading. • The two should not be confused. 37 • Overloading also applies in the simpler case of a single class • A given class may have two methods with the same name but different parameter lists • The system distinguishes between them based on the parameter list • Having the same name, the two methods should accomplish approximately the same thing, but on the basis of different input parameters 38 12.3.4 An Example Illustrating Overriding • The method getPrice() as defined in the class FoodV1 calculates a checkout price based on the wholesale cost of the item and the markup charged by the store. • The checkout price for a taxed food item should include the tax on that item. • This shows how the method might be correctly implemented in the TaxedFoodV1 class: 39 • public double getPrice() • { • double retrievedCost; • double retrievedMarkup; • double costPlusMarkup; • double price; • retrievedCost = getWholesaleCost(); • retrievedMarkup = getMarkup(); • costPlusMarkup = retrievedCost + retrievedCost * retrievedMarkup; • price = costPlusMarkup + costPlusMarkup * taxRate; • return price; • } 40 12.3.5 Lack of Direct Access • There is no direct access to the inherited instance variables. • The code above has to use the get methods to access the inherited variables. • retrievedCost = getWholesaleCost(); • retrievedMarkup = getMarkup(); 41 12.3.6 Remembering the Implicit Parameter • The code given on the previous overhead illustrated method calls "hanging in space" • The standard way of calling a method is object.method() • In the code above, the method calls were not made on objects • That means that the calls were being made on the implicit parameter 42 • The calls could be written using the implicit parameter. • retrievedCost = this.getWholesaleCost(); • retrievedMarkup = this.getMarkup(); • The retrieved values come from whatever object the getPrice() method, which contains these calls, was called on. 43 12.3.7 Review of Lack of Direct Access and Overriding • This example illustrated implementing a version of the getPrice() method in a subclass which differs from the implementation that it would otherwise inherit. • This is overriding. • When calling the overridden method on a subclass object, the implicit parameter of the call to getPrice(), would be a TaxedFoodV1 object 44 • The TaxedFood object would have wholesaleCost and markup variables by inheritance. • However, in the subclass code for the getPrice() method, there would not be direct access to these inherited variables. • The inherited variables can only be accessed through inherited get methods— whether done with calls "hanging in space" or calls on the implicit parameter, "this". 45 12.3.8 Using the Overridden Method • Suppose that the following objects were constructed: • FoodV1 myFood = new FoodV1(); • TaxedFoodV1 yourFood = new TaxedFoodV1(); • Suppose also that set methods had been called so that their price, markup, and taxRate variables had been set. 46 • Now consider the following two calls: • double x = myFood.getPrice(); • double y = yourFood.getPrice(); 47 • The two calls to getPrice() in the lines of code above are to two different versions of the method. • Which version of the method is called depends on which kind of object it is called on, an instance of FoodV1 or an instance of TaxedFoodV1. 48 12.3.9 Inheritance from Multiple Levels • Consider the following general inheritance hierarchy: Top Middle Bottom 49 • If methodX() is implemented in the Top class and not implemented in the other two classes, then it is inherited by both Middle and Bottom. • If methodX() is implemented in Middle, then it does not exist for objects of the Top class; it is inherited by the Bottom class. 50 • If methodX() is implemented in the Top class, overridden in the Middle class, and inherited by the Bottom class, the version nearest to the Bottom class as you move upwards through the hierarchy is inherited; this is the version implemented in the Middle class. 51 12.3.10 Instance Variables Can't Be Overridden • It is not possible to override instance variables. • It is syntactically possible to declare instance variables in a subclass with the same name as instance variables in its superclasses (and with different types). • It is unfortunate that this is syntactically possible, because from a practical point of view it is a big mistake to do something like this. • It will be extremely difficult to unravel the meaning of the code. 52 • The idea of overriding instance variables is also a problem conceptually. • Instance variables should represent inherent characteristics of classes. • If it seems desirable to change an instance variable in a subclass, that's a sign that that class is in the wrong place in the inheritance hierarchy. 53 12.4 The Meaning of Inheritance: Some Differences with the Sun Java Tutorial Presentation • If you haven't looked at the Java Tutorial, then there is no need to consider this section in the note files. • With the exception of this overhead, it will not be covered in class in any case. • If you have questions about it you should read the section in the note file (and ask questions if you have them). 54 12.5 The Key Word super, Methods, and Construction 55 12.5.1 Using super to Call an Overridden Method • In the overridden getPrice() method of the TaxedFoodV1 class, the majority of the code simply duplicated the logic of the getPrice() method of the FoodV1 class. • It was necessary to get the price including the markup and then apply the tax rate to that. 56 • Finding the price with the markup is exactly what the getPrice() method does in the superclass. • The example below shows how it is possible for the overridden method to make use of the version of the method defined above it in the hierarchy. 57 • public double getPrice() •{ • double price; • price = super.getPrice(); • price = price + price * taxRate; • return price; •} 58 • At execution time the key word super signals that the call to getPrice() is not a recursive call. • The system looks in the hierarchy for the nearest class above the current class where getPrice() is implemented, and uses the version found there. • The keyword super does not signify an object • The method is called on the implicit parameter 59 12.5.2 Subclass Constructors Don't Have Access to Inherited Instance Variables • The keyword super also arises when writing subclass constructors which take parameters. • Constructors in a subclass also do not have direct access to the (private) instance variables inherited from the superclass. • For example, super is needed in order to write a constructor for the TaxedFoodV1 class which would take parameters for the inherited instance variables wholesaleCost and markup. • This will be illustrated shortly 60 12.5.3 If the Programmer Writes a Constructor, the System Doesn't Supply a Default Constructor • It is possible to write a class with no constructors at all. • If this is done, the system automatically provides an invisible default constructor. • It is important to remember that as soon as the programmer writes any constructor for a class, then the system does not provide a default constructor. • In this case, if a default constructor is needed, the programmer has to provide one. 61 12.5.4 Using super When Writing a Subclass Constructor with Parameters • The example so far has made use of default construction. • Default subclass construction relies on the existence of a default constructor in the superclass. • Default initialization of instance variables, including inherited ones, is handled automatically. • The example will now be extended to illustrate construction with parameters. 62 • Here is a constructor for the superclass, FoodV2, which takes a full set of parameters for its instance variables: • public FoodV2(String nameIn, double wholesaleCostIn, double markupIn) •{ • name = nameIn; • wholesaleCost = wholesaleCostIn; • markup = markupIn; •} 63 • Here is a correct constructor for the subclass, TaxedFoodV2, which takes a full set of parameters, including parameters for the inherited variables: • public TaxedFoodV2(String nameIn, double wholesaleCostIn, double markupIn, double taxRateIn) •{ • super(nameIn, wholesaleCostIn, markupIn); • taxRate = taxRateIn; •} 64 12.5.5 If You Use super, It has to be First; If You Don't Use super, there has to be a Default Superclass Constructor • When the system encounters a call to super() in a constructor, it looks for a constructor above the current class in the hierarchy. • It will use the nearest constructor in the hierarchy above it which has a parameter list which matches the parameters used in the super() call. • If you explicitly call super() in a subclass constructor, this call has to be the first line of code. 65 • If you don't explicitly call super(), then you are relying on the default constructor in the superclass. • Construction depends on cascading calls to constructors up through the inheritance hierarchy, whether the calls are explicit calls to super() or whether they are implicit calls which rely on the existence of a default constructor in the superclass. 66 • The actual creation of a new object ultimately stems from a call to the constructor in the Object class. • The constructors below that class are responsible for initializing the instance variables. 67 12.6 References to Classes and Subclasses in Programs and Methods 68 12.6.1 Class Hierarchies Have to Be Written from the Top Down • When creating a hierarchy of classes, you have to work your way from the top down. • The code for a subclass can only be compiled if its superclasses exist. • The code for superclasses should also be tested before the subclass code is written. • A test program at any level includes code that makes use of all constructors and methods in the class to make sure that they work correctly. 69 Note on programming assignments • The previous bullet bears repeating: • Some of the programming assignments specify that certain classes be written and that test programs for those classes also be written. • This is what is meant by a test program: • Code that makes use of all constructors and methods in the class to make sure that they work correctly. 70 12.6.2 Superclass References to Subclass Objects are Valid. This is Done without Casting • Syntactically, a reference to a subclass object can always be assigned to a reference that is declared to be of the type of any of the subclass's superclasses. • This is logically valid because instances of classes lower down in the hierarchy are "a kind of" (a more specific kind of) the classes higher in the hierarchy. 71 • Syntactically, this idea can be illustrated as follows: • FoodV2 myFood; • TaxedFoodV2 myTaxedFood = new TaxedFoodV2("bread", .50, .05, .07); • myFood = myTaxedFood; 72 12.6.3 Superclass References to Subclass Objects Don't Have Access to Methods Defined Only in the Subclass • A superclass reference to a subclass object is distinctly limited, or has a distinct limitation. • When working with a superclass reference, it is only possible to call methods defined in the superclass or methods inherited by the superclass. • It is not possible to call methods on a superclass reference if the methods are only defined in the subclass. 73 12.6.4 It is Possible to Recover a Subclass Reference by Casting • Casting can be used in order to recover the actual class that a superclass reference belongs to. • The previous code example is repeated on the next overhead with one line added. • In the final line the TaxedFoodV2 reference is recovered from the FoodV2 reference: 74 • • • • • FoodV2 myFood; TaxedFoodV2 myTaxedFood = new TaxedFoodV2("bread", .50, .05, .07); myFood = myTaxedFood; TaxedFoodV2 newTaxedFood = (TaxedFoodV2) myFood; 75 12.6.5 Subclass References to Superclass Objects Are Not Valid • Casting will not work if the type on the left is not the same type as the actual object on the right. • Here is a gross example: • /* NO! NO! NO! */ • Ellipse2D.Double myEllipse = new • Ellipse2D.Double(10, 20, 30, 40); • TaxedFoodV2 myTaxedFood = • (TaxedFoodV2) myEllipse; 76 • This looks more plausible but is equally impossible: • /* NO! NO! NO! */ • FoodV2 myFood = new • FoodV2("cheese", 1.25, .06); • TaxedFoodV2 myTaxedFood = • (TaxedFoodV2) myFood; 77 • Even though myFood and myTaxedFood are in the same inheritance hierarchy, myFood is a superclass object (only). • It never was a taxed food, and a reference to a taxed food object cannot be recovered. 78 • In general it is not valid to try and cast superclasses to subclasses because a superclass is not "a kind of" a subclass. • Casting can recover the actual subclass of a superclass reference. • It cannot recover a kind of reference that never existed. 79 • Referring back to the taxonomic example, there is no problem with referring to a human being as an member of the class Animalia • All humans are animals • However, casting an Animalia reference to a human is problematic. • What if the Animalia reference were a superclass reference to an instance of a spider? 80 12.6.6 The Keyword instanceof Checks Whether an Object is an Instance of a Given Class • The keyword instanceof functions as an operator that returns a boolean value. • It compares the actual type of a reference to a given class. • This code fragment shows its use to permit a valid cast and prevent a mistaken one: • if(myFood instanceof TaxedFoodV2) • TaxedFoodV2 newTaxedFood = (TaxedFoodV2) myFood; 81 12.6.7 The Actual Parameter in a Method Call Can Be a Subclass of the Formal Parameter Type. Automatic Conversion to a Superclass Reference Occurs • Reference type becomes critical when passing object references as parameters. • A subclass object can always be assigned to a superclass reference. • If a formal parameter is typed as a superclass reference in a method, it is permissible to pass a subclass object or reference as the actual, explicit parameter when calling the method. 82 • A new method, setMarkupToThisMarkup(), is given on the next overhead. • This method is defined in the FoodV3 class. • The method is designed to set the markup of one food item to the markup already stored in another. • This is accomplished by passing the other object as a parameter to the method. 83 • The parameter is typed FoodV3, the same as the class the method is defined in. • public void setMarkupToThisMarkup(FoodV3 anotherFood) •{ • double tempMarkup = anotherFood.getMarkup(); • setMarkup(tempMarkup); •} 84 • Suppose the following code exists in a program that uses the food classes: • TaxedFoodV3 myTaxedFood = • new TaxedFoodV3("bread", .50, .05, .07); • TaxedFoodV3 yourTaxedFood = • new TaxedFoodV3("milk", .75, .08, .07); • myTaxedFood.setMarkupToThisMarkup(yourTaxedFood); 85 • The third (last) line of code is the critical one. • The new method is inherited by the TaxedFoodV3 subclass, making the call on myTaxedFood is possible. • The actual, explicit parameter, yourTaxedFood, is an instance of TaxedFoodV3. • In the method definition the formal parameter is typed FoodV3. 86 • In other situations where the actual parameter type did not agree with the formal parameter type, the compiler detected an error. • However, in this case there is no problem. • When passing a parameter, the actual parameter is assigned to the formal parameter. • It is OK to assign a subclass object to a superclass reference without casting. 87 • The system knows that TaxedFoodV3 is a subclass of FoodV3. • Therefore, when the actual parameter, a taxed food object, is passed, that reference is automatically converted to a FoodV3 superclass reference. 88 12.6.8 In the Body of a Method Definition, Method Calls Can Be Made on a Formal Parameter Which Is a Superclass Reference • This line of code appears in the body of the method: • double tempMarkup = anotherFood.getMarkup(); • If the actual parameter is a subclass object, then anotherFood is a superclass reference. • A superclass reference is distinctly limited. • It is only possible to call methods defined in the superclass on such a reference. • This does not raise a problem. 89 • The method getMarkup() is written in the FoodV3 (super) class. • Therefore it's possible to call it on a superclass reference to a subclass object. • The TaxedFoodV3 class inherits this method. • The version defined in the superclass is appropriate for the actual subclass object it's called on. • If the method being called were overridden, that would still be OK. • How that works will be described in a later section. 90 • To summarize, the point of the example is that it is possible to pass a subclass object as an explicit parameter when the formal parameter is typed to a superclass. 91 • It is also worth noting that the code for the method could be simplified. • It is true that a superclass reference is distinctly limited and doesn't have access to methods defined only in a subclass. • It's also true that a subclass object doesn't have direct access to its inherited instance variables. 92 • However, if you are writing code in the superclass, a superclass reference (to a subclass object) will have access to those variables (inherited by the subclass) which are defined in the superclass. • In other words, the simpler version of the setMarkupToThisMarkup() method given on the next overhead will work, both if the parameter is a Food object or a TaxedFood object. 93 • public void setMarkupToThisMarkup(FoodV3 anotherFood) •{ • markup = anotherFood.markup; •} • /* Or: • this.markup = anotherFood.markup; • */ 94 12.6.9 Example Code (Showing All Changes up to this Point) • public class FoodV3 • { • private String name; • private double wholesaleCost; • private double markup; • public FoodV3(String nameIn, double wholesaleCostIn, double markupIn) • { • name = nameIn; • wholesaleCost = wholesaleCostIn; • markup = markupIn; • } 95 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • public void setName(String nameIn) { name = nameIn; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setWholesaleCost(double wholesaleCostIn) { wholesaleCost = wholesaleCostIn; } public double getWholesaleCost() { return wholesaleCost; } 96 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • public void setMarkup(double markupIn) { markup = markupIn; } public double getMarkup() { return markup; } public double getPrice() { return (wholesaleCost + wholesaleCost * markup); } public void setMarkupToThisMarkup(FoodV3 anotherFood) { double tempMarkup = anotherFood.getMarkup(); setMarkup(tempMarkup); } } 97 • public class TaxedFoodV3 extends FoodV3 • { • private double taxRate; • public TaxedFoodV3(String nameIn, double wholesaleCostIn, double markupIn, double taxRateIn) • { • super(nameIn, wholesaleCostIn, markupIn); • taxRate = taxRateIn; • } • public void setTaxRate(double taxRateIn) • { • taxRate = taxRateIn; • } 98 • • • • • • • • • • • • } public double getTaxRate() { return taxRate; } public double getPrice() { double price; price = super.getPrice(); price = price + price * taxRate; return price; } 99 What is the First Assignment Like? • The contents of the first assignment are presented on the following overheads. • When doing the assignment, you should work from the Word document, not these overheads. • The assignment is given here so that it will be possible to go over it in class if there's time after finishing the lecture. 100 Java Unit 12 Assignment • Grading check-off checklist: • 1. I will want to see that answers have been typed in for the 19 short answer questions. • 2. You should have an ItemB.java class which compiles. 101 • 3. You should have FoodV4.java, PackagedFoodV4.java, and BulkFoodV4.java classes which compile. • 4. You should have a test program (.java file) for the three classes above which compiles and runs. • When you prepare to demonstrate this, recall that if you used MyTerminalIO.java, it should also be in the folder so that your program will compile and run. 102 Assignment: • 1. Describe in words what the class named Object is in Java. • 2. What class in Java is at the very top of the inheritance hierarchy? • 3. Do subclasses get copies of the instance variables that are declared private in their superclasses? • 4. Do subclasses have free access to their inherited private instance variables? • 5. Can the type of private (or public) instance variables be overridden in a subclass? 103 • 6. Only one of the following statements is true. Which is it? • A. Constructors are inherited. • B. Constructors in subclasses rely on the existence of constructors in superclasses, but the constructors are not literally inherited. • 7. Are public methods inherited? • 8. Do subclasses have free access to their inherited public methods? • 9. Can the implementation of an inherited method be overridden in a subclass? 104 • 10. Suppose an inheritance hierarchy consists of classes named Top, Middle, and Bottom, in that relation. • Suppose methodX() is defined in Bottom, but not above it. • Can this method be called on objects of the Middle class? • 11. Suppose an inheritance hierarchy consists of classes named Top, Middle, and Bottom, in that relation. • Suppose methodX() is defined in Top, overridden in Middle, and is not overridden in Bottom. • What happens if methodX() is called on an object of the Bottom class? 105 • 12. Suppose an inheritance hierarchy consists of classes named Top, Middle, and Bottom, in that relation. • Suppose methodX() is defined in Top and overridden in Bottom. • What does the use of the key word super accomplish when used in the version of the method in Bottom? • 13. Suppose the key word super is used in a subclass constructor definition. • If so, where does it have to appear? 106 • Two sketchy class definitions are shown on the next overheads. • Assume that everything exists to make these classes work in reality. 107 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • public class ParentClass { public double method1(double inVal) { … } public double method2(double inVal) { … } public static double method3(ParentClass pClassRef, double inVal) { … double someResult = pClassRef.method2(inVal); … } … } 108 • • • • • • • • • • • • • public class ChildClass extends ParentClass { public double method2(double inVal) { … } public double method4(double inVal) { … } … } 109 • Also suppose that the following declarations and constructions are done: • • ParentClass myparent = new ParentClass(); • ParentClass yourparent = new ParentClass(); • ParentClass parentClassRef; • ChildClass mychild = new ChildClass(); • ChildClass childClassRef; 110 • 14. Suppose that in the implementation of the version of method2() that occurs in the ChildClass it is necessary to call the version of method2() that occurs in the ParentClass. • If the parameter being passed is inVal, what would the call look like? • 15. Is this sequence OK? • parentClassRef = mychild; • double result = parentClassRef.method4(someVal); 111 • 16. In what class is the version of method1() defined that is being used in the call? • double result = mychild.method1(someVal); • 17. In what class is the version of method2() defined that is being used in the call? • double result = mychild.method2(someVal); 112 • 18. In what class is the version of method2() defined that is being used when the code for method3() is run? • (This question refers to the call to method2() which is made in the body of method3().) • double result = yourparent.method3(myparent, someVal); 113 • 19. In what class is the version of method2() defined that is being used when the code for method3() is run? • (This question refers to the call to method2() which is made in the body of method3().) • double result = yourparent.method3(mychild, someVal); 114 • The complete code for a simple class is given on the next overhead. 115 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • public class ItemA { private double price; public ItemA() { } public ItemA(double priceIn) { price = priceIn; } public void setPrice(double priceIn) { price = priceIn; } public double getPrice() { return price; } } 116 • The following questions together form the definition of a subclass of the given class. • They are given here as separate questions to illustrate how questions might be presented on a test. • For the purposes of the assignment, write the code for ItemB and save it as a .java file, along with ItemA.java, so that it can be checked off by a successful compilation. 117 • 20. Give the line of code which would declare ItemB as a subclass of ItemA. • 21. Give the line of code which would give ItemB an int instance variable named units. • (The assumption is that whatever unit you're using, you record the nearest whole value.) • 22. Write a set method, setUnits() with input parameter unitsIn. 118 • 23. Write a get method, getUnits(). • 24. Write a default constructor for ItemB. • 25. Give a complete constructor for ItemB which would take input parameters priceIn and unitsIn and successfully use them to initialize the instance variables. • 26. Write a method getUnitPrice() that will return the result of dividing price by units. 119 • A new food hierarchy is described below. • Your task is to write the code for all of the classes described and write a program that tests all of the constructors and methods contained in each of the classes. • Because of the changes required, the food class will become version 4. • In order to keep the naming of the subclasses consistent, they will also be named version 4. • The idea is again to represent food items from the point of view of the store where they are sold. • Packaged food comes in cans or boxes that contain a specific amount. Bulk food is measured at the time of sale. • A UML diagram is shown on the next overhead. 120 FoodV4 PackagedFoodV4 BulkFoodV4 121 • 27. The class FoodV4 should contain the following: • Instance variables: String brand, String productName • Methods: get and set methods for both instance variables, plus a method setBrandToThisBrand(Food anotherFoodItem) • Constructors: one constructor that takes two parameters, one for each instance variable 122 • The setBrandToThisBrand() method should be similar to the setMarkupToThisMarkup() method in the examples in the chapter. • It is designed to illustrate passing an object reference as a parameter. • The implicit parameter should receive a new value for its brand instance variable, the value currently in the explicit parameter. 123 • 28. The class PackagedFoodV4 should contain the following: • Instance variables: String units, double size, double itemCost • Methods: get and set methods for the instance variables, plus a method named getUnitCost() • Constructors: one constructor that takes 5 parameters, one for each instance variable 124 • The instance variable units refers to the units in which the product is measured, such as grams or milliliters. • The instance variable size tells how many of those units are in a package. • The method getUnitCost() calculates the cost per unit based on the itemCost and the size of the item. 125 • 29. The class BulkFoodV4 should contain the following: • Instance variables: String units, double unitCost • Methods: set and get methods for the instance variables, plus a method named findCost(double amount) which will return the cost of a given amount of the product • Constructors: one constructor that takes 4 parameters, one for each instance variable 126 • Notice that in this class there will be a method getUnitCost() which is a simple accessor method. • It does not require calculation. • Also, with respect to the value it returns, the method findCost() is similar to getItemCost() in the PackagedFood class. • However, it is not a simple accessor. • It is a method which takes an explicit parameter because it is not possible to determine the cost of a bulk food item without specifying the amount being bought or sold. 127 • 30. Test the classes. • This may be done with one big program, or with separate programs for the different classes. • The test program should create instances of the objects, testing each of the constructors you have written, and it should also test each of the methods in each of the classes in order to make sure that they function as they should. • It should be a particularly interesting test to see if the setBrandToThisBrand() method works when the implicit parameter is a PackagedFoodV4 item and the explicit parameter is a BulkFoodV4 item, for example, or the other way around. 128 The End 129


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Things to see
Popular are also Villa Erba and Villa Pizzo. The first one was built at the end of the 19th century and today houses an important conference centre; Villa Pizzo was constructed three centuries earlier and has a gorgeous park and many beautiful frescoes.
Cernobbio is also famous for its stunning surroundings: the lovely Alpi Scarone offer breathtaking views of the area. There is a gorgeous trail, Via dei Monti Lariani, perfect for trekking and the Buco della Volpe a splendid cave with an unique underground pool.


text:
Lost in the windows of time,
You see a time of change
Don't it all feel strange?
Stuck in the reverb of me,
I hear echos of myself
But I can't say what I see.
I'm finding the answers
To my great divide
Someday when the sky is falling I will let you
Someday when my dreams are caving in I will let
you know
I'll let you know
Forget the first verse of life:
There's nothing learned at all -
At least until you fall.
Stratospheres and atmospheres collide,
Worlds come to an end
And there's nowhere left to hide.
pre-chorus * chorus
...when I'm falling
I'll let you know when I'm calling
I'll let you know when I'm breaking
I'll let you know when I'm making it through.


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Norway Road Abstract
The Art Bar®
The Art Bar®
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About the Norway Road Abstract
There is a humble little barn super close to the road that parallels my subdivision. It's honestly so close to the road and so covered by ivy, that I barely noticed it for the first few months I lived in Sun Prairie. However, when Laura came to visit (to shoot the Christmas 2015 Collection), we drove by it and she immediately mused, "Look at the beautiful texture on that white barn." "White Barn??" I asked. I hadn't even noticed it! But now, whenever I turn on to Norway Road, I glance at that barn. I noticed it's varying layers of white paint, the chippy texture and bits of moss and ivy... and I think about friendship, and noticing the little things, and how grateful I am that God has settled me right here. ❤
Laura Kackley of Lark Photography art directed and shot all the photography for many of the photos at Lindsay Letters Co.
About Art Prints
- Art Prints are printed full bleed for the size listed.
- Unframed art prints ship rolled for safe shipping.
- Framed Art Prints include a single white 2.25" mat and a super-easy hanging system you'll love!
- Framed Art Prints size listed is for the size of the artwork, excluding the frame. Learn more about frame sizes here.
- Lettered Art and Abstract Art: Fine art reproductions of Lindsay's original artwork.
- All products proudly made – just for you – in the USA!
- All products ©Lindsay Sherbondy. All rights reserved.
About Canvases
- Professional Giclée print on museum quality cotton canvas.
- Includes a matte finish UV protective coating and super easy hanging system that you'll love!
- Size listed is for the size of the artwork, excluding the frame. Learn more about frame size info here.
- Each and every piece is hand-crafted and custom made to order just for you.
- Lettered Art and Abstract Art: Fine art reproductions of Lindsay's original artwork.
- Vintage Reproductions: Found & curated by Lindsay, reproduced with permission.
- All products proudly made – just for you – in the USA!
- All products ©Lindsay Sherbondy. All rights reserved.
Shipping & Returns
- Lindsay Letters® items are hand-crafted and custom made-to-order just for you! Items typically within 3 - 5 days via UPS Services; however, production times during Covid-19 regulations may be different. Check current production times.
- Unframed Art Prints ship rolled for safe-keeping. Framed Art Prints and Canvas Prints arrive ready to hang directly out of the box.
- Items with finished sizes below 24"x30" are eligible to be shipped to a P.O. Box. All larger sizes require a physical address. We are unable to ship to Canadian P.O. Boxes.
- Lindsay Letters® offers a 30-day Delight Guarantee. More on our return & exchange policy here.
About The Artist
Lindsay Sherbondy is a painter, calligrapher, graphic designer and authenticity-advocate that believes you are worthy of meaningful art! She started Lindsay Letters® (accidentally) in 2009, and has been working (intentionally) at creating beautiful and meaningful works for you to love & make your own ever since.


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Kodak Zooms In on Women
Kodak is using an arsenal of national media properties anchored by assets under the recently formed Women@NBCU banner to drive a value message for its fledgling printer and ink business.
The new campaign, which directly challenges some of the leading competitors in the field, uses a combination of branded integrations on properties including Bravo, Oxygen and iVillage, and, to a lesser degree, Nickelodeon. Print, online and TV spots drive viewers to a Web site, printandprosper.com, where users can compare ink prices with those from brands including HP, Epson, Canon, Lexmark and Brother. Those companies either declined comment or didn't return calls seeking comment on the Kodak campaign.
Leslie Dance, vp, brand marketing and communication at Kodak, said the company is targeting "ultrahigh burners." Internally, said Dance, Kodak marketers profiled the consumers they're after as female, "40, feisty and facing frugality." These women, she added, are usually a family's "memory keeper."
Market research, Dance said, also showed that "by far the largest consumer dissatisfaction with home printers is the cost of ink."
Deutsch, the Interpublic shop that won the estimated $40-50 million media account (printer and ink) last November, approached NBCU about anchoring the TV portion of the campaign around the Women@NBCU properties.
Peter Gardiner, chief media officer at Deutsch, said the combination of platforms and properties within the Women@NBCU collection of assets and the network's ability to offer creative integrations appealed to the marketer.
The Kodak deal, said Maryam Banikarim, svp, sales marketing at NBCU, was "one of the first" major packages assembled under the Women@NBCU banner since the unit was formed last summer. Other deals will be unveiled soon, she said.
Kodak's printer and ink line will be integrated in the properties in a variety of ways. For instance, it's being tied to a BravoTV.com segment that debuts this week — promoted on the cable network — called the Makeover-Matic, which allows users to create new hair colors and test different kinds of makeup, and then print out the images. The sponsorship includes a "brought to you by" Kodak shout-out as well as online messaging located by the Makeover-Matic app. There are also custom vignettes highlighting the products on the TV network.
Kodakalso sponsors Oxygen.com's Obsessed, a "hot list" of suggested products, from nail art to videos, found on the home page. A button links to a Kodak ad covering two-thirds of a screen. The ad ends with the lines, "Switch to a printer that uses only fairly priced ink. Now who wouldn't love that?" followed by a link to Kodak's printandprosper.com Web site. The Oxygen network will also air Kodak-branded vignettes in mid-May.
Gardiner said NBCU was also appealing because he could cherry pick additional properties owned by the media company, such as NBC's Today show, the USA Network and prime-time programs including The Biggest Loser. While technically not part of Women@NBCU, they're being used to round out the campaign.
The Nickelodeon sponsorship includes spots on Nick Jr., Nick at Night and an online "activity center" for kids and parents that links to the Kodak Web site. Nick also has an on-site Kodak kiosk at its hotel in Orlando, Fla., that promotes the printer and ink line.
The campaign, which kicked off three weeks ago, runs through the end of the year. Early results have been positive, said Kodak's Dance. Product sales, Web traffic and brand awareness tracking, she added, are all "doing much better than we expected — and we had high expectations."