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Old or new flowers – which are best?
This summer's sweet peas are just starting to bloom and I was intrigued to see whether heritage types or a new variety would come out on top.
I'll judge again at the end of the season but here are my findings so far. First, the contenders:
Night Sky (Matthewmans, www.sweetpeasonline.co.uk, £3)
A new introduction, an unusual mauve flake colour (speckled white/blue), bred by David Matthewman in Yorkshire. Described in the catalogue as 'highly scented, almost shimmering florets set on long stems'.
The reality: good germination, strong plants unchecked after planting out. Large flowers carried on long stems makes them perfect for cutting. They look far better in the flesh than in pictures – really intense colouration. Perfume is strong, though not enough flowers out yet to judge if it wafts over and grabs you by the throat.
Prince of Orange (Plant World Seeds, www.plant-world-seeds.com, £1.70)
Chosen to go in my new tropical bed to contrast with Night Sky. A recent heritage re-introduction, originally bred by famous breeder Morse in 1928. Colour described as: 'striking orange, always a rare colour, with a touch of clashing pink'.
The reality: The colour really is striking, although it's more pink than orange – maybe it darkens with age. As with Night Sky, good germination, strong plants and a really sweet scent. Still, very happy with such an intense colour.
Parfumiere Mix (Plant World Seeds, www.plant-world-seeds.com, £1.70)
Chosen purely for its perfume – a mix of heirloom grandiflora varieties, some old and some new. Described as having 'the ability to fill a room with that heady sweet pea perfume'.
The reality: First to flower by 10 days over the other two, good germination, strong plants, unchecked growth after planting out. Only two colours have flowered yet – deep burgundy and white but their perfume lives up to the name. When they get going, the perfume will be unbeatable – even better than my long-time favourite, Fragrantissima.
No plants have been affected by any nasties yet – I'll report back in due course. Don't forget – keep deadheading and/or cutting for the house, add some high potash fertiliser now and again and they'll keep flowering until the frosts.


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He arrived at the bridge. Ingo the Harrow's librarian and Rakos the other Harrowmaster and closest brother were already waiting for him.
"Are we there?" he asked, "yes Lord Johann!" the librarian answered and gave him an arch smile.
"Didn't I ask you to not call me that?" Harrowmaster Johann asked in an annoyed tone.
"Yes, of course, Harrowmaster Johann," replied Ingo with a broad smile. "Ok, to work!" commanded Johann.
They had the plan to infiltrate an imperial forgeworld, in the Balor sector and to resupply undiscovered by the imperial forces. It was significantly harder to "steal" from a forgeworld, as it was governed by the Mechanicum and the Mechanicum was very rigorous when it came to monitoring their facilities and assets. Imperial worlds were very easy to infiltrate, even the ones controlled by a space marine chapter. Once they even snuck into the Baal sector and stole a jump pack from the Sanguinary Guard. Actually, it was Ingo. Ingo was very hot-blooded, always seeking for a thrill and it was very questionable if these traits were the right combination for a librarian. In the end, Ingo got the reliquary jump pack and escaped unnoticed from the sector. This time it would be significantly harder, and they had to be very careful. Their success so far was not based on brute strength and combat skills but on the fact that they were able to operate in hidden and unnoticed. One mistake and they would have a full planetary defence force on their heels. This was the reason why he would send Rakos, Rakos was efficient, cold-blooded and disciplined like no other legionnaire he ever met. He once infiltrated a Raven Guard outpost, killed every single Space Marine and finally blew up the whole facility without leaving a trace, that it was anything else than an accident. He also was a good leader who drove his Harrows and kill-teams to maximum efficiency.
"One hour until we arrive at the planned position for the infiltration," said Rakos.
"Very good, the plan is to get in there unnoticed, to get the spare parts for our reliquary dreadnoughts, resupplying the ships and to leave as quick as possible, I don't want to have the Mechanicum on our heels," said Johann.
"Understood" answered Rakos.
"Are the infiltration forces ready?" asked Ingo.
"Yes" responded Rakos, "We should join them immediately" he added.
All three exchanged glances of understanding and Rakos left the bridge together with Ingo. He had to monitor the mission from orbit while Ingo, Rakos and the infiltration force were on their way to the surface. As long as their cloak field generators would work and distort the planetary defence grid, it would be no issue for them to reach the designated point on the surface.

subset: commoncrawl


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Reservations can be made either by calling us on: 01204 364330 or by filling in the reservations form below. If you use the online reservations system please make your booking at least twelve hours prior to your requested arrival time.
Online reservations can not be guaranteed without a confirmation via telephone or email.


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How to invest trust assets
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Planners are often called upon to invest assets held in trust, but there are many different types. How do you decide which assets are most suitable for a particular type of trust?
The following is an explanation of key features of common trusts, with some suggestions as to investment approaches that might make sense.
With recent tax law changes, the surviving spouse's estate may no longer face an estate tax.
One of the most common trusts used in estate planning shelters the amount of exemption from tax available on death. Assets are typically held in such a trust to benefit the surviving spouse (but other descendants are often included as beneficiaries as well). On the death of the surviving spouse, the assets pass to heirs without being taxed in the surviving spouse's estate, hence the assets "bypass" the surviving spouse's taxable estate.
Some credit shelter trusts mandate payment of income to the surviving spouse each year. If so, then a primary investment objective will be to generate that income.
Others permit income to be sprinkled at the trustee's discretion to the surviving spouse and descendants so that investing to generate income may be less relevant. Historically, the objective of a credit shelter trust was to grow assets out of the surviving spouse's estate, so absent a mandatory income distribution requirement, the investment plan might have tilted toward growth assets.
With recent tax law changes, the surviving spouse's estate may no longer face an estate tax. In such cases, growth will simply mean higher income tax costs to heirs, with no commensurate estate tax savings. In these cases, it might be advisable to move assets out of the trust (by permissible distributions or even terminating the trust if allowable).
Otherwise, a new investment objective might be to limit the unrealized appreciation inside the trust since those assets, by virtue of being excluded from the surviving spouse's estate, will not qualify to have the basis stepped up on her death. Thus, the investment objective might shift from growth to income. Growth assets might be better held in the surviving spouse's own name and nongrowth assets in the trust to maximize the assets that will obtain an income tax step-up on death.
These are trusts intended to qualify for the estate tax marital deduction. A requirement of this deduction is the payment of income at least annually to the surviving spouse, who must be the sole beneficiary. This income distribution requirement influences the investment allocation selected.
Nevertheless, consideration has to be given to protecting the trust and growing it for remainder beneficiaries, especially if they are children from a prior marriage in a case where a husband has formed the trust for his second wife.
Unlike the credit shelter trust, QTIP trust assets will generally be included in the estate of the spouse. So if her estate is not expected to be taxable, assets in the trust will receive a basis step-up on her death with no offsetting tax cost. If her estate is expected to be subject to an estate tax, then consideration should be given to that risk.
Traditional insurance trusts held little in the way of liquid assets other than an insurance policy. So any cash may typically have remained idle in a checking account or have been invested in cash equivalents.
While this remains true for many insurance trusts, it has become more common for life insurance to be held in trusts that own substantial other assets. In such a case, it might be advisable to determine the cash flow needed to maintain current and expected future life insurance, with any excess being invested under a longer-term plan.
Once the insured dies, the proceeds have to be invested in a manner that fits the post-death trust objectives. Many old style trusts simply mandated that trust assets would be distributed on death. In such instances, the appropriate investment plan immediately after death might be to hold the insurance proceeds in a checking account pending distribution.
Many other trusts divide the insurance proceeds after death into trusts for each beneficiary. In that case, an investment plan for each separate trust should be determined, based on the terms of the trust document and circumstances facing each beneficiary.
Since these trusts are fully controlled by the settlor who created the trust investments, allocations can be whatever the settlor wants. A trap with these trusts, however, is that if the settlor becomes incapacitated and a successor trustee takes over, that successor will probably be subject to the standards of a prudent investor and state law. If so, merely maintaining the investment plan of the settlor might no longer be permissible.
So, be certain to confirm who the trustee is and whether he is aware of his responsibilities. If the settlor has stepped down as trustee, a new investment plan may be called for.
Dynastic trusts were historically used to pay for college and would have been invested in a manner appropriate to that goal. With the growth of 529 plans, the use of grandchildren trusts for this purpose has waned.
Now, trusts for grandchildren are more typically intended to provide long-term growth for future uses. These might be to provide cash flow to grandchildren and future generations.
Such trusts would obviously suggest a long-term investment horizon. But be cautious in drawing that conclusion. Many of these trusts include provisions permitting the trust to own personal use assets. These might well be intended to help a grandchild or other descendant buy a house. If that is in fact permitted in the trust and the beneficiary has this goal, this fact may be relevant to the investment time horizon and risk profile.
These trusts, often referred to as GRATs, are created to minimize estate taxes. Historically, the optimal manner to structure these trusts was to use short-term GRATs — perhaps with a term of two years, for instance — with a very granular asset allocation. Each GRAT would have one stock or one asset class. If any GRAT grew substantially, it would be "immunized" by swapping in cash for the highly appreciated assets. When the GRATs ended, the process would be resumed. This is referred to as "rolling" or "cascading" GRATs.
Given the current environment of very low interest rates and threats in the Obama administration's tax proposals to eliminate GRATs — threats that may be carried out if Hillary Clinton is elected president — a different approach may be needed. With the threat of repeal, the ability to re-GRAT assets sequentially year after year is not certain.
Thus, planning for GRATs for clients who are not elderly should take a longer-term approach and might be funded with a diversified portfolio. The goal of these might be to simply shift investment performance in excess of the current low interest rates out of the client's estate over the term of the GRAT. The investment planning for this possible new application of the GRAT technique is dramatically different then what has been done historically. So planners must be careful to understand the specific trust and plan and not rely on what has historically been done.


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- Templates
- Business
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A professional resume is quite important for a person who is in need of a job. The quickest and the easiest way to build a professional looking resume is by making use of a resume design template. When you use a resume design template, you do not need to worry about the layout of the format but rather only concentrate on adding content regarding information like education and qualification.
If you have got loads of work experience and also possess multiple talents, you need to try this booklet style template. All you need to do is modify the booklet by adding your content and pictures and you will be ready to impress through you resume.
It is yet another resume template that comes with web2.0 style. It includes different features like font replacement, allows you to make a PDF edition of your CV and it is ready to print.
As the name goes; it is very straightforward and boasts a neat style. You can personalize its appeal by choosing from six different color schemes.
It sports a neat design that can be modified to add all the information of your career and interests. Thanks to the jQuery scroll plugin, even a novice will be able to create a professional looking CV through this template.
This template comes in three different color combination variations. Its modern appeal will surely make your CV look cut above the rest. It comes in a package which includes three templates for CV, cover letter and reference sheet respectively.
It will help you in creating a up-to-the-minute styled resume by using the available color combination. In no time, you will be able to make a resume through this template. It comes with a ten minute demo video which can be followed to create amazing resumes.
Looking forward to create a very unique looking CV? Well, this template is creative enough to impress anyone because of the amazing wavy style content layout and character styles. It can be easily edited to add your information.
If you intent to showcase your professional experience and interests in a sophisticated way, you need to try this template. You can add your photo to the template. It also comes with a cover letter.
It is yet another uniquely styled resume design. It is available in five different color schemes. The print ready horizontal format can be used to display your skills to your prospective employers in an innovative way.


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Rhian Brewster is just 16-years-old but is already making moves at Liverpool…
He began this season in the Under-18s, but was so impressive, he's now moved up to the Under-23s, for whom he made a scoring debut in January.
Jimmy Carr: The one thing you shouldn't joke about is Hillsborough
In a recent behind closed-doors friendly, Brewster started up top for the first-team and scored a hat-trick, congratulated by the watching Jurgen Klopp – who's proven already that if you're good enough – he'll give you a chance.
Brewster though only arrived at Liverpool a few years ago, as he was on the books at rivals Chelsea.
Due to their terrible record of bringing teenagers through to the first-team though, the Englishman decided to leave and sign for us instead.
"I was at Chelsea from the age of seven to 14 but then I told them I wanted to look at my options because I didn't see a pathway to become a first-team player there," he told the official website.
"There were a few clubs interested but once I knew Liverpool were one of them it was an easy choice. Liverpool is a club that does give young players opportunities and it's a great feeling to play for this club.
"I love it up here. My mum came down to live with me for a spell but it wasn't fair expecting her to stay here with me, so I now live with house parents who are really nice and look after me.
"All I want to do is one day play for Liverpool's first team. I will do all I can to try and make that happen, so if that means doing extra work in training I will do it.
"If it means not going out with my friends, eating well and working hard every day, that has to be done and I will do it."
Interestingly, one of our other best teenagers, Ovie Ejaria, was poached from Arsenal – so hopefully we'll leave two of London's biggest clubs regretting their decision.
Brewster is quick and possesses a powerful shot, but it's his attitude here that most impresses us. If he keeps working hard and thrives in the Under-23s, he may even get a chance this summer during pre-season.


text: HUNTINGDON VALLEY, Pa., Sept. 1, 2010 — The 0703-1601-99 from The Fredericks Co. is the newest member of the company's patented state-of-the-art TrueTilt product line. It is a mid-range single-axis electrolytic tilt sensor that provides repeatable angle measurement with a linear output. It measures a full tilt range, replacing legacy designs that required multiple sensors. The sensor provides a ±25° angle/±10° linear operating range, with resolution of 1 arcsec and null repeatability of ≤3 arcsec. Features include long-term stability over its angle and temperature ranges, a robust all-metal design, durability and good dimensional tolerances for high sensor-to-sensor electrical performance. It is easily mounted and soldered to printed circuit boards and requires no special packaging for extreme operating conditions. Mounting offset is 1°, operating temperature is from -20 to 50 °C and nominal null impedance is 50 kΩ at 25 °C. Applications include construction laser instruments and transits, wheel alignment equipment, geophysical and structural monitoring, machine tool/platform leveling, and medical positioning and monitoring.


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Eddie Mair 4pm - 7pm
England Fans Fight Each Other Outside Pub After World Cup Defeat
12 July 2018, 13:15
A huge street fight erupted outside a pub between football fans after England's World Cup defeat to Croatia last night.
The mass brawl involving men and women unfolded in a road in Great Barr, Birmingham on Wednesday.
It's after England were knocked out of the World Cup semi-final 2-1 after extra time.
The video shows dozens of fans throw punches and kicks at each other in the middle of the road.
At one point one woman is knocked to floor by another as the ruck unfolded.
A number of punters tried to hold others back, but the fight soon splintered in smaller brawls.
A second clip shows police at the scene and an officer treating an injured man.
Watch it unfold above.


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A daring new mystery written in reverse chronology—read the "ending" on page 1 and then go back, day by day, to the shocking beginning!
A woman accused of murder is trapped in a torturous psychological maze between a zealous FBI and loyalty to her family. Was her death suicide or murder—or neither?
In the Company of Liars is a truly original thriller, strikingly fresh and unpredictable. Told in chronological reverse, from its enigmatic end to its brilliant beginning, the novel is centered on a woman who is on trial for murder—Allison Pagone, a mother caught between competing forces, each represented by someone who may not care if the pressure kills her in the end. A prosecutor wants Allison convicted and put on death row. An FBI agent believes she can squeeze her into ratting on her family. A daughter and an ex-husband need to save their own skins. And circling them all: a group who would prefer to eliminate her quietly and anonymously, but who also are not what they seem.
Our first picture of Allison is in the moments following her death. The story then moves backward in time like the cult film Memento: an hour earlier, then the day before, back and back to the beginning, until we can see what's really happened—and, most shocking, what hasn't. At every turn, Allison Pagone knows that what she sees may not be what's real. The only sure thing is her place in a vortex of half-truths, threats, and suspicion. When her nightmare is over, will she awake in the company of friends—or in the company of liars?


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Death Penalty Upheld in Grisly Memphis Murders
JACKSON, Tenn. (CN) – The Tennessee Supreme Court upheld the death penalty for a man convicted of six counts of first-degree murder, including in the brutal deaths of his brother and two nephews.
As recounted in the court's opinion, Jessie Dotson went to his brother Cecil Dotson's house in Memphis on Saturday, March 1, 2008, to watch a University of Memphis basketball game with his father Jessie Sr., his brother, his five nephews, Cecil's fiancée Marissa Williams, and his half-brother William Waddell.
Jessie Sr. left because the game was not coming in on Cecil's television, and Waddell left later that night, the opinion said.
Dotson was not ready for work Sunday morning when Jessie Sr. came to pick him up. He later called his dad, explained he had gotten in a fight with his girlfriend, and went out to dinner with Waddell that night.
Erica Smith, the mother of one of Cecil's children, was unable to reach Cecil on Sunday and feared something was wrong. When he did not show up for work Monday, she decided to call the police.
The officers sent to Cecil Dotson's house discovered a gruesome scene when they arrived that evening, the opinion said.
"Officer Randall Davis arrived first. As he walked in the front door, he could 'smell the dead bodies.' The storm door was closed but the interior door was partially open, and he could see a person's foot lying on the floor inside," the ruling states. "Entering the front door, Officer Davis discovered four adult bodies, later identified as Cecil, Ms. Williams, Hollis Seals, and [22-year-old] Shindri Roberson. All appeared to have sustained multiple gunshot wounds. Officer Davis did not check for vital signs because it was obvious to him that they were deceased."
Davis then discovered 9-year-old C.J. in the bathtub with a knife in his head but still alive.
Dotson's 4-year-old nephew Cemario was found dead in one bedroom, and two others appeared to be dead in another room. Cecil II was pronounced dead but Cedrick was still alive when paramedics found him.
A fifth nephew of the assailant, 2-month-old Ceniyah, was found alive.
The officers noted that the bodies of Cecil and Roberson were staged with marijuana and crack cocaine strewn on or near them.
A firefighter who responded to the scene described the bathroom as a "mess" with "blood everywhere," according to the ruling. He described seeing C.J. with a knife in his head as the worst thing he has ever seen in his life.
Dotson had killed Cecil and his fiancee, Seals, Roberson, Cemario and Cecil II, according to the ruling. He had also attacked C.J., Cedrick and Ceniyah with kitchen knives and wooden boards.
A jury convicted Dotson of six counts of premeditated first-degree murder and three counts of attempted murder. He was sentenced to death for each of the six murder convictions and also given three 40-year consecutive sentences for the attempted murder charges.
The Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed Dotson's convictions and sentences, but state law requires that the Tennessee Supreme Court also review death sentences.
On Tuesday the justices held that Dotson's death sentences are not excessive compared to similar cases in Tennessee.
"This case is not identical to these earlier capital cases primarily because the murders and assaults the defendant perpetrated are some of the most horrendous ever committed in Tennessee. However, taken as a whole, this case is by no means 'plainly lacking in circumstances consistent with those in similar cases in which the death penalty has been imposed'," wrote Justice Cornelia Clark. "Thus, we conclude that the sentences of death are not excessive or disproportion to the penalties imposed in similar cases."
The Tennessee Supreme Court held that Dotson's warrantless arrest was based on probable cause, including the testimony of his nephew C.J. – who not only witnessed, but was a victim of the crimes. Delaying an arrest to question a victim about possible motives was not necessary in this instance, Clark wrote.
"C.J. testified at trial, and the defendant had an opportunity to question him on cross-examination about his motivations for identifying the defendant as the perpetrator," the judge wrote. "The record contains no evidence that C.J. had any ulterior motive for identifying his uncle, the defendant, as the perpetrator of these crimes."
Evidence also supports the jury's finding of statutory aggravating circumstances in the murders and assaults, the court ruled.
"The proof established that each victim was stabbed repeatedly and severely beaten and that the physical abuse was beyond that necessary to cause death," Clark wrote. "The proof is more than sufficient to support the jury's finding of this aggravating circumstance."
The court has scheduled Dotson's death sentences to be carried out on Nov. 17, 2015.


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Reasons for why Muslims abhor the title 'Son of God'
Not with standing the constant assertion that Muslims respect Jesus Christ as much as Christians do, Muslims are quick to repudiate the unique claims which we make for Him. Jesus, "Son of Mary", as the Quran repeatedly calls Him, is for them only one of the prophets, and even so, not the last or the best.
> "He was no more than a servant: We granted Our favour to him, and We made him an example to the Children of Israel" (Az-Zukhruf 43:59).
Loyalty to Muhammad and a natural preference for him are in themselves, sufficient reasons for their refusing to give Jesus "the name that is above every name". But there is more; there is a kind of "jealousy for God," as they understand any honour paid to Christ which, in effect, makes Him to be more than a man, more than a prophet encroaches on the province of God.
Moreover, this jealousy is deeply rooted in the cardinal doctrine of tawhid, the Unity, which we find set forth repeatedly in the Quran, and if it be thought that the insistence of the Quran were by itself insufficient to imprint this doctrine on the minds of Muslims, the offence of shirk, "associating a partner" with God, is declared therein to be the one unpardonable sin.
> "Allah forgiveth not that partners should be set up with Him; but He forgiveth anything else, to whom He pleaseth; to set up partners with Allah is to devise a sin most heinous indeed "(An-Nisa 4:48)
> "Allah forgiveth not (the sin of) joining other gods with Him; but He forgiveth whom He pleaseth other sins than this: one, who joins other gods with Allah, Hath strayed far, far away" (An-Nisa 4:116).
Mr. Yusuf Ali commenting on Sura 4; 48 states "Blasphemy in the spiritual kingdom is like treason in the political kingdom.………. this is rebellion against the essence and source of spiritual life" He goes on to explain that "The reference is to polytheism or the setting up of gods with Allah ".
There seems little doubt that here – in the constant reiteration of the doctrine of tawhid, coupled with the dreaded sin of shirk – we come upon the two main factors which so strongly prejudice the minds of Muslims that they are not prepared to entertain any exposition of the deity of Christ, or any explanation of the divine incarnation. In particular, one detects strong resentment in their attitude to our use of the terms "Son", and "Son of God", with reference to Christ; it is not too much to say that, by giving to these terms the connotation they do, Muslims positively abhor the doctrine of the Son-ship of Christ. The mind of man grows by what it feeds upon and as the Quran repeatedly gives pre-eminence to the doctrine of the Unity of Allah the notion that Allah "has a son" is strengthened. Muhammad Ali states that "The Quran refers to the error of attributing a son to the divine being almost as frequently as to the doctrine of setting up idols with Allah".
Below we give quotations from the Quran that refer firstly to "Son-ship" in relation to the pagan Arabs and secondly "Son-ship" passages which refer to Christians. We will only give a few quotations although we could have provide many more.
Passages referring to the pagan Arabs
> "Say: He is Allah, the One and Only; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; And there is none like unto Him" (Al-Ikhlas 112:1-4).
Muhammad Ali says of this short chapter: "It gives the sum and substance of the teachings of the Holy Quran, which is the declaration of the Unity of the divine being…. All other objects are secondary as compared with this. The chapter is one of the earliest revelations and contains a refutation not only of idolatry and Christianity, but of every polytheistic doctrine," Muhammad himself is credited with having declared that the above chapter "is equal to a third of the Quran". (Mishkatu'l-Masabih, Book 8, Chap 1, p.508, Volume 1, Matthew's translation)
>"Had Allah wished to take to Himself a son, He could have chosen whom He pleased out of those whom He doth create" (Az-Zumar 39:4)
> 'And Exalted is the Majesty of our Lord: He has taken neither a wife nor a son" (Al-Jinn 72:3)
Passages referring to Christians
> "Such (was) Jesus the son of Mary: (it is) a statement of truth, about which they (vainly) dispute. It is not befitting to (the majesty of) Allah that He should beget a son. Glory be to Him! when He determines a matter, He only says to it, "Be", and it is" (Maryam 19:34,35).
> "They say: "(Allah) Most Gracious has begotten a son!" Indeed ye have put forth a thing most monstrous! At it the skies are ready to burst, the earth to split asunder, and the mountains to fall down in utter ruin, That they should invoke a son for (Allah) Most Gracious. For it is not consonant with the majesty of (Allah) Most Gracious that He should beget a son" (Maryam 18:88-92).
Comments on use of the term 'son' in the Quran
The most cursory study of these and other verses leaves on the mind the following two clear impressions:
1. The denunciations of the Quran are hurled at Christians equally with pagan Arabs for using such language in reference to God,
2. The view of "son-ship" underlying the phrases is a grossly carnal one.
The comments of so enlightened a Muslim as Mr. Yusuf Ali, on some of the passages quoted in the second group, abundantly confirm the latter impression in its reference to Christians: "Begetting a son is a physical act depending on the needs of men's animal nature. God Most High is independent of all needs, and it is derogatory to Him to attribute such an act to Him" …………… "the belief in God begetting a son is not a question merely of words or of speculative thought. It is a stupendous blasphemy against God. It lowers God to the level of an animal" ……………… "if words have any meaning, it would mean an attribution to God of a material nature, and of the lower animal functions of sex"
As for the Arabs, we know that they fully merited Muhammad's strictures. His own towns-people of Mecca, among whom he spent over forty years of his life, worshipped hundreds of blocks of stone, taking them to be male and female deities. But what of the Christians? We can be sure that they would have spoken of Jesus as the "Son of God", much as all Christians have from the first century until now. But Muhammad, influenced on the one hand by the current blasphemous expressions of the idolatrous Arabs, and on the other by the calumnies of the Jews who cast a slur on the names of both Jesus and Mary, still insisted that He be called Mary's "holy son." "He said: "Nay, I am only a messenger from thy Lord, (to announce) to thee the gift of a holy son" (Maryam 19:19). From this we may infer that, though he himself manifestly believed Jesus to have been supernaturally born, yet still he could only speak of Him as a "son" in the physical sense.
Muhammad reprobated the use of such language as "Son of God", because it inevitably suggested to him carnal relationship. It is all very well for modern commentators to insinuate that there would have been no objection to the use of such language had it been employed metaphorically, since both Jews and Christians were known to call themselves "sons of God" in the sense that they believed themselves to be specially beloved, or favoured, by the divine being. Muhammad himself knew that, yet the fact remains he seems to have been incapable of attaching any other than a carnal signification to this name by which Christians speak of Christ.
The Christian's authority for using the term 'Son of God': The Gospel
Since such a gross conception of Christ's Son-ship is no less offensive and blasphemous to our minds, a solemn obligation rests upon us to try to explain to Muslims what precisely we do mean when we speak of Jesus Christ as "the Son of God". How is it that we have come to use this phrase and what is our authority for so doing? Many of us will be ready to confess that we have been accustomed to do so from childhood; the words had already been incorporated into our religious vocabulary before we began to consider their true import. That explains some of our embarrassment when we meet with the contradiction of Muslims. But we did not coin the phrase, nor has it crept into Christian usage in the course of the centuries. It is something that we associate with the very origins of Christianity. It is given to us in Scripture. We use it on the authority of the New Testament.
Consider the following array of passages, by no means exhaustive:
God Himself called Jesus His "Beloved Son" at the Baptism: > "And there came a voice from heaven, saying, Thou art my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased" (Mark 1:11)
And at the Transfiguration: > "And there was a cloud that overshadowed them: and a voice came out of the cloud, saying, This is my beloved Son: hear him" (Mark 9:7).
Gabriel declared Jesus would be called "Son of God": > "And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God" (Luke 1:35)
The Baptist gave Jesus that name: > " And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God" (John 1:34).
So did the disciples of Jesus: > "Then they that were in the ship came and worshipped him, saying, Of a truth thou art the Son of God" (Matthew 14:33, c/f 16:16; John 1:49; 11:27).
Jesus used it of Himself: > "Verily, verily, I say unto you, The hour is coming, and now is, when the dead shall hear the voice of the Son of God: and they that hear shall live" (John 5:25, c/f 10:36.11:4).
The enemies of Jesus used it, implying that He also applied it to Himself: > "The Jews answered him, We have a law, and by our law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God" (John 19:7) ………………………….. "But he held his peace, and answered nothing. Again the high priest asked him, and said unto him, Art thou the Christ, the Son of the Blessed?" (Mark 14:61, c/f Matthew 26:63,27:43; Luke 22:70)
The Apostle Paul so spoke of Him, Acts 9:20; Galatians 2:20 and elsewhere. Other writers so referred to Him, Hebrews 6:6; I John 2:22, 4:15; Revelation 2:18.
There seems to be no doubt that Jesus used this phrase of Himself, or permitted its use by others, or let it be understood as being appropriate and applicable to Himself; moreover, we find that the Jews repeatedly took up stones to stone Him for what they considered blasphemous language on His part. And yet His offence, in their eyes, was not so much that He called Himself "Son of God," as that by thus speaking, and by calling God His "Father," He made Himself "equal with God" >"The Jews answered him, saying, For a good work we stone thee not; but for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God" (John 10:33).
That, then, is the first thing to be said about the continuous and universal use of this phrase in the Christian Church we have scriptural authority for it; to be precise the authority of the New Testament.
Enquiry into how this language, 'Son of God' is used in Scripture
1. It goes without saying that in no place is the phrase employed in a carnal sense, such as the Quran has in view.
2. He is not called 'Son of God' by virtue of the manner of His birth; conversely, it is not His birth that makes Him the 'Son of God.'
3. The simple fact is that the phrase serves, primarily, as a designation, a title for the Messiah. Only in Luke 1:35 is it used in connection with the annunciation of the birth of Jesus, and even there its significance is that of a name be given to Him, the "Holy One." As Bishop Gore has well said of this very passage: "Luke's narrative suggests nothing more than that the child to be born was to be the promised Christ the 'Son of the Highest' (verse 32), and 'Son of God' would not, in the context, suggest anything more too Jewish ears". In other words, it is after all, symbolic language, a metaphor, and not to be taken literally. Even so, of all the terms used for Christ it is the one which best does justice to our experience of Him.
4. Furthermore, the use of the term 'Son' in this sense has a history. It was in use in pre-Christian times. (cp. 2 Edras, 2:45, The Apocrypha) Gradually among the Jews the conception of the Messiah as the 'Son', i.e. of God, became part of a fixed tradition in the period immediately preceding the advent of Jesus.
But there is much more to it than this Messianic colouring, prominent though that was to the minds of Jesus and the Jews. In the New Testament the phrase contains the very special idea that the consciousness of Jesus towards God was a truly filial consciousness. God was to Him 'Father'; He was to God 'Son'. These two lines of usage converge and help us to establish the conclusion concerning the inner significance of such language, True, in the Synoptic gospels this filial relationship is felt as an underlying supposition of the narrative rather than directly expressed in it. Yet, even in them, it is occasionally mentioned as expressly stated in Matthew 11:25-30:
> "No one knoweth the Son save the Father; neither doth any know the Father save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son willeth to reveal Him". (These words have been called "the greatest Christological passage in the New Testament" and are held to belong to "the very oldest and safest strand of evidence").
In the Fourth Gospel the theme is given great prominence, and is worked out in a variety of detail. Moreover, the evangelist stresses the fact that this relationship existed long before Jesus was born in Bethlehem.
Still further significance attaches to this name from the fact that the early Church, following the apostles and most of all Paul, came to identify Jesus with the 'Son of God', and so spoke of Him, on the ground of what He achieved historically. Consider for a moment the terms in which Paul, for instance, refers to the One who has wrought so great salvation for himself and others:
>"The Son of God who loved me and gave Himself for me " (Galatians 2:20).
He does not think of speaking of Jesus in this connection as 'The Messiah', or 'Son of Man', or 'The Word'. Only the designation 'Son of God' will suffice. He and the rest were forced to name Him so because of their experience; it wasn't that they were predisposed to so. To quote the late Bishop Gore again: "Belief in Him, 'The Christ', as 'Lord', and as 'Son of God', was claimed by the original apostles on the ground of what they had themselves seen and heard during their experience extending over all the time the Lord Jesus moved among them."
by L Bevan Jones – Copyright © 2011 "Message 4 Muslims" All rights reserved.


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The price of gold finished last week with a fifth-straight weekly gain. But after reaching $1,334.90 on July 1 – the highest level since March 24 – gold prices have been dropping due to Thursday's release of strong jobs data.
Gold for August delivery dropped 0.5% this morning (Monday) to $1,314.30 an ounce on the Comex in New York. Spot gold was down 0.5% to $1,313.40 an ounce.
"[We're seeing] the good jobs data [being weighed] against the major problems in the Middle East," Afshin Nabavi, head of trading at MKS, said to Reuters. "That's why I think the FOMC [meeting minutes release] this week ought to be more important than the ones in the past."
The price of gold fell on its last trading day, Thursday, after stronger-than-expected jobs data showed that the U.S. economy added another 288,000 jobs in June. Also weighing on the precious metal was a drop in the official unemployment rate to 6.1% – its lowest level since September 2008 – and the Dow Jones breaking through 17,000 points to set a new high.
On the Comex exchange in New York, gold futures for August delivery dropped to $1,320.40 an ounce, a $10.50 (0.8%) loss. Spot gold fell by $7.60 to $1,320.25 an ounce. The London P.M. gold fix was $1,317.50, compared to the last session's $1,322.50.
The drop in gold futures was the most in five weeks. June saw gold prices rise by nearly 7%.
Despite today's decline, the price of gold has upward pressure right now that speaks to a rally in coming months, similar to what we saw in June.
Here's what's going to make the price of gold climb in the latter half of 2014…
Iraq Will Drive Up the Price of Gold
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) continued its onslaught in the northern part of Iraq this week. Ongoing tensions threaten to destabilize oil prices.
In response, U.S. President Barack Obama recently announced the deployment of 300 military advisers to provide assistance to anti-ISIS forces. Their role, however, is to act as consultants as opposed to on-the-ground, fighting military operatives. It's likely that their efforts will not abate the escalating violence.
In addition to the warring factions in Iraq, political tensions add to the mix. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, a Shiite, has made no effort to forge an alliance with the Sunnis in that region. This has resulted in further political tensions that stem from the centuries-old dogmatic conflict between competing Muslim ideologies.
Iraq has been "a background factor that's helping to elevate gold," according to Brien Lundin, editor of Gold Newsletter.
Geopolitical tension abroad isn't the only upward pressure gold on gold. Domestic forces are also shaping the yellow metal's price…


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3 Million Dollar Home
Beautiful Timberframe home by Orko Construction
Walk into this large, yet warm home just south of Saskatoon. Built by Orko Construction, this timber frame home is on the market for 3 million. The photography was to showcase the beauty and feel of this one of a kind space. We are sure you'll be impressed.
ClientOrko Construction
You'll be amazed!For a ceiling that is almost 20 feet tall, you'd be surprised at how full and complete the space is to be in.


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A woman claims to have had plastic surgery to create a third breast, and Jessimae Peluso, Brent Morin and Steve Rannazzisi ask her questions in the style of a Reddit AMA.
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So you've decided to use Facebook to help market your ecommerce site? Congratulations! You're about to tap into a platform that's perfect for making customer connections, growing your business, and yes, even selling products. Even if you're already leveraging Facebook for ecommerce, now's a great opportunity to improve your efforts to better reach your business objectives.
But what's all the hype about Facebook, anyway? Like it or not, Facebook has established itself as a legitimate tool for businesses, especially ecommerce sites.
Consider the following:
- As of October 2012, Facebook has one billion monthly active users (Facebook)
- The average Facebook user spent 400.2 minutes (more than 6 and a half hours) on the social networking site in June 2012 (comScore)
- In Q3 2012, marketers spent $1.09B on Facebook advertising (TechCrunch)
- 77% of B2C companies said they had acquired a customer through Facebook (Marketing Charts)
In other words, Facebook ecommerce is popular for consumers and businesses alike, which is why it's particularly important to stake your claim in the Facebook game. That's what this guide is all about—helping you make the most of what Facebook has to offer your ecommerce site.
Whether you read the entire guide or are just looking to dabble in specific sections, feel free to print this out, bookmark it, and/or share it with your friends and colleagues.
Here are the questions we'll tackle along the way:
- What can Facebook do for my online business?
- How do I build a Facebook Business Page?
- How do I attract more likes to my Facebook page?
- Once I get fans, how do I keep them interested in my page?
- What are my options in terms of Facebook advertising?
- How do I measure the success of my Facebook efforts?
Let's get started, shall we?
What can Facebook do for my online business?
There's been a lot of talk about social commerce lately, and a lot of it revolves around Facebook. While many of these conversations have been about making money and selling products directly on Facebook, at this point (at least in my opinion), the real ecommerce value for Facebook is to build connections with your audience.
Let's take a step back and outline some of the benefits Facebook can offer to your budding ecommerce operations:
- Customer service: As more businesses jump on the Facebook bandwagon, more customers expect real-time customer service on this channel. While this may require a shift in how your current customer service operations take place, offering support via Facebook is a great way to show customers you care, while showing potential customers that you're all ears.
- Real-time feedback: Once you start a dialogue with customers, you'll soon receive lots of feedback about your products, services, support, and more. Sometimes this can be difficult to take in, but at the end of the day, you're learning valuable insights into how customers are interacting with your products, and more importantly, how you can improve your business.
- Relationship building: Relationships are at the core of social media, and relationships are what you should be building with your Facebook page. Most likely, those following you on Facebook are the most deeply invested in your brand, which provides you with an opportunity to make an emotional connection with your biggest advocates.
- Low-cost marketing channel: While it's true that there's no free lunch in marketing, Facebook is definitely a more economical marketing channel than alternatives like TV or print advertising. There may come a time where you begin using Facebook advertising in one way or another, but in its purest form, leveraging Facebook for marketing purposes requires more time than money.
- Share unique content: Your brand should be creating content in one form or another, whether it's your latest blog post, a new video, or even new product photos. Naturally, you'll want to share this content with an interested audience, and Facebook is a great platform to do just that.
- Cross-promote: Keep in mind that your ultimate goal is to drive Facebook users back to your website, either now or in the future. Fortunately, this platform allows you to include links back to your site and other social properties, and you can also share various links or contests to help support other marketing initiatives that you have underway.
- Positive word of mouth: The big objective for your Facebook page is to create an atmosphere where your fans think highly of you—so much so that they sing your praises to their friends and family. Positive reviews from personal networks are known to be the most valuable form of recommendation, so fostering your community to share your story with their friends is of huge benefit to your online business.
- Branding: To form a truly solid brand, you need to have consistent messaging across all touchpoints. This means that the story you tell should reinforce itself across each channel, including Facebook. Naturally, Facebook is a very visual platform, so you have a great opportunity to reinforce your brand with your cover photo, status updates, content shares, and more.
There are several more benefits that can stem from a solid Facebook presence, but focusing on the ones listed above is a good framework to ensure that you're on the right track in blending ecommerce and Facebook.
How do I build a Facebook Business Page?
Building a Facebook Business Page is pretty intuitive. The main tasks include choosing a classification, filling in your basic information, selecting an address for your page, and uploading a cover photo and profile picture.
Here's a step by step version of how it works:
- Set up a personal account: First, make sure that you have a personal account so you can tie your Business Page to that account. Your personal profile will be completely separate from your Business Page, but Facebook will use your profile to connect you as an admin to your company's Business Page.
- Choose the right category: Next, choose the best category that represents your business. Most likely, your ecommerce site will select the "Brand or Product" or "Company, Organization or Institution" option. (If you're primarily a retail operation, go for "Local Business or Place.")
- Enter your name: You'll then be prompted to choose a category and enter your company/brand name. There are a multitude of categories to choose from, so browse through them carefully before making your decision. Finally, you'll agree to Facebook's terms and conditions.
- Add basic information: Now that your Business Page exists, it's time to start entering some information, namely three main things: your profile picture, "About" information, and web address. Here's what it looks like for my fake shop, Matt's Awesome Bear Hats:
- Update your info and cover photo: All right, now it's time for the fun part, which is actually adding content to your page. As a heads up, Facebook is going to prompt you to start inviting people to your page, but hold off until you have something worth looking at—what's the point of asking people to like your page if there's nothing to see? The main things you'll want to focus on at this stage are: 1) updating your info and 2) adding a cover photo. To enter your information, click the "Edit Page" button in the top right, and select "Update Info." It will take you to a page where you'll fill in as much (well-written) info as you can. Then it's time to add your cover photo, which is the main visual component of your page. Your cover photo should reflect your brand as well as possible, as this image will serve as the first impression for anyone visiting your page. The proper size for a Facebook cover photo is 851 x 315—try to make your image fit those exact dimensions for maximum impact. Also, note that your cover photo isn't allowed to be a blatant advertisement, so avoid including any type of obvious promotions, coupons, or sales pitches:
- Start adding content: As mentioned before, you'll want to have some content already on your Facebook page before inviting users to like it. Here are some ideas to help you get started:
- Status updates: Add a couple of text updates to your page, including a "welcome" message for when you begin inviting others to like your page.
- Milestones: Take a trip down memory lane and add key company achievements to your page, such as when it first opened, any awards won, new product lines, etc.
- Photos: This is Facebook, after all. You can add photos of some of your products, various culture shots of you and your team, and even lifestyle shots that represent your brand well.
The main takeaway is to have a couple of things for users to see on your timeline when they come to your page, like this:
Now that your Facebook page is looking great, let's talk about driving traffic to it.
How do I attract more likes to my Facebook page?
Just because you build a Facebook page for your ecommerce site doesn't mean that anyone will actually come. Keep in mind that there are millions of Business Pages out there, so it's up to you to share your Facebook presence with the world.
Ideally, you'll want two approaches to attracting more likes: one that gives you a nice bump in the short-term, and another that provides consistent, long-term growth. To help you prepare for both, take a look at these ideas:
Short-term growth tactics
- Use Facebook's invite feature: When you're logged in as an admin, you'll have an opportunity to invite Facebook friends from your personal profile to like your page. You can also invite any email contacts that are stored within Facebook. Additionally, if you have multiple admins, you can have them log in and invite their friends as well. To invite your friends, take a look at the bottom right-hand side of your admin panel:
- Email your customer base: One of the easiest ways to get a pop in Facebook Likes is to send an email to your current customers, asking them to join you on Facebook. This audience is most likely to like your page since they've already purchased from you. When sending this email, keep the message simple and to the point, directly linking (preferably a nice-looking graphic) to your Facebook page with a clear call-to-action for users to click the "Like" button.
- Run a contest: Everyone likes a good contest, and Facebook is a popular platform to run multiple types of promotions, including sweepstakes, photo contests, and more. Facebook contests (especially when you're offering a good prize) are proven to attract new eyeballs to your page. Before you get started, search for various tools that can help build your contest. Some technologies even allow you to require entrants to like your page before they can enter. Naturally, we could talk about the nuances of Facebook contests for days, but two things to look out for are: 1) pay extra close attention to Facebook's terms and conditions regarding contests and 2) keep in mind that several people that Like your page from a contest may not have a ton of interest in your business.
- Leverage other social channels: If you already have a solid presence on another channel, like Twitter or Pinterest, use those outlets to drive traffic back to your Facebook page. You can easily make announcements about any type of Facebook activities you're launching, which is a quick and easy way to get more people over to your new page.
Long-term growth strategies
- Facebook plug-ins: Plug-ins are a great way to get Facebook likes from webpages outside of Facebook. There are several shapes and sizes to choose from, so do a simple web search for "Facebook plug-ins" and find the one of your choice. From there, you'll need to add some basic code to whatever website you choose. For example, we have a plug-in both on our website and our blog:
- Transactional emails: Just think about the number of emails you send on a routine basis. Between order confirmation emails and shipping updates, you're hitting customers in their inbox quite a bit. This is a perfect opportunity to attract attention to your Facebook page simply by adding a call-to-action somewhere in the message (usually seen in the footer) that asks customers to like your page.
- Offer incentives: There's nothing wrong with offering a reward for joining your Facebook community. For example, you can provide an exclusive discount to anyone who likes your page during a certain timeframe. To communicate the offer, place a callout on your ecommerce site or on any emails that you have scheduled.
- Facebook advertising: Facebook also offers a multitude of ways to advertise on their platform, many of which can be leveraged to attract more likes to your page. We'll get into these in more depth later, but some of the most popular forms include promoted posts, sponsored stories, and more "traditional" Facebook advertising.
As we continue to grow the size of our Facebook community, what the heck do you say to them? Keep reading to learn how to engage your audience through high-quality content, and gain a better understanding of Facebook's algorithm, which determines whether your posts are actually seen by your fans or not.
Once I get fans, how do I keep them interested in my page?
Getting Likes to your page is just one piece of the puzzle, and quite frankly, it's not nearly as important as ensuring that fans are engaged with your Facebook content. Unfortunately, many business owners focus solely on increasing the size of their communities, whereas the real challenge (and fun) of Facebook marketing is fostering a vibrant, highly-involved user base.
Think of it this way: the top goal of your business is to increase sales, right? Facebook's role in helping reach that objective is to create positive word of mouth from your loyal fans. This positive word of mouth, in turn, leads to higher brand awareness, referrals, and sales.
The only problem is this: in order to build this type of loyalty via Facebook, your fans need to see and interact with your content first. Unfortunately, your like count doesn't contribute toward this need. Why? Because Facebook has established an algorithm called EdgeRank that dictates exactly what content appears in users' newsfeeds.
In other words, just because someone likes your page doesn't mean that they're actually seeing your posts.
If this comes as a surprise, you're not alone. Once you understand EdgeRank, however, you'll have a much clearer picture of how to boost the visibility of your Facebook content.
EdgeRank demystified
Before we get too deep into explaining EdgeRank, keep this idea in mind: approximately 95% of Facebook activities occur within users' newsfeeds, not on specific profiles or pages. This means that having your updates appear in your fans' newsfeeds is absolutely critical to keeping them interested in your Facebook content.
The content that appears on your fans' newsfeeds is determined by a Facebook algorithm called EdgeRank. While no one is 100% sure how EdgeRank works, we do know that it largely depends on how much and how often individual fans interact with your content. For example, if a fan comments on your latest post, Facebook will recognize that your page is more important to that user than to someone who has never interacted with your content. This means that the higher your EdgeRank for a specific user, the more likely your content will appear in their newsfeed.
It's also important to indicate that your EdgeRank differs for each member of your Facebook community. While you may have a very high score with someone who's highly active on your page, you could have a starkly lower score with a fan who never interacts with your Facebook content. For some context, the entire reason Facebook introduced EdgeRank was to help remove clutter from its users' newsfeeds and better bubble relevant content to the top.
So what does all this EdgeRank business mean, anyway? In a nutshell, a large community doesn't contribute much to your objectives, unless that community is actually seeing your content. In other words, bigger doesn't always mean better—quality trumps quantity.
How to boost EdgeRank via engagement
Boosting your EdgeRank within each member of your community is all about increasing their engagement with your page. This means you need to provide high-quality posts that offer value to your community, whether it's through education or entertainment.
Before we discuss actual strategies to boost engagement, it's also important to know that Facebook awards higher EdgeRank scores depending on the type of engagement. The more involved the user action, the more higher the EdgeRank. Here's how the comparison works:
Think of it this way: leaving a comment takes more effort than just liking a post, and liking a post is more significant than just clicking into your post. The more effort the user puts into interacting with your content, the more relevant Facebook deems your page to that user.
Now that we have that out of the way, let's talk about EdgeRank-boosting content. Try these ideas out for size—each is proven to help increase engagement:
- Encourage fans to leave comments. When it comes to EdgeRank, comments outweigh likes and clicks, which means that you should facilitate more fan comments. One great way to do this is to ask simple questions like, "What's your favorite thing to do with our product?" or provide fill-in-the-blank content such as, "If I were to win $1 million, the first thing I'd do is _______."
- Post more pictures and videos. Pictures and videos are inclined to appear in your fans' timelines due to their interactive nature. For an extra boost, add a call to action that encourages users to click on the photo and add comments of their own. One fun idea is to ask fans to create a caption for the image, enticing them to do so by offering a reward to the winner.
- Give the people what they want. The main reasons customers follow you on social media are to receive discounts and learn exclusive information about your brand. While I don't recommend blasting fans with discounts every day, it's a good idea to provide sneak previews and behind-the-scenes glimpses into what happens inside company walls.
- Run contests and other interactive campaigns. One of the best ways to boost engagement in a flash is to launch a contest that encourages fans to upload photos or write essays. From there, you can encourage entrants to share their content in an attempt to gather votes—this is a perfect way to attract new eyeballs to your Facebook page while engaging current fans.
- Post updates at the right time: While most Facebook content is posted during standard business hours, experiment with different days and times to see when your content is best received. For example, many business pages see increased reach early Monday mornings and late Friday afternoons, while others see a nice peak outside of business hours.
- Include specific CTAs on each post: If increased engagement leads to increased reach, encourage more content interaction by providing specific calls to action within each of your Facebook updates. You can do so by explicitly asking users to like or comment on a post, or leave it more open-ended by asking them a question or encouraging them to fill in the blank.
If you continue to grow your Facebook channel while keeping a focus on maintaining high engagement, you're well on your way to a healthy presence that contributes to your overall business goals. But as you become more sophisticated with Facebook marketing, you'll want to start venturing into more advanced techniques, which may include Facebook advertising.
What are my options in terms of Facebook advertising?
While the majority of Facebook's functionality is free of charge, there are lots of paid opportunities available to help grow your base, promote your content, and even advertise your ecommerce site. These ideas are the foundation of Facebook advertising.
While there are more options available, these are the three most popular advertising avenues:
Traditional Facebook ads
The best-known form of Facebook advertising is loosely termed as "traditional Facebook ads," namely because they're the oldest form of advertising on Facebook. Furthermore, they take the form of a more traditional advertising model that you'd see in paid search, where you have an ad appear on the platform and you're charged for either clicks or impressions. This option is particularly useful if you're trying to use Facebook ads to drive traffic directly to your ecommerce site.
To get started with this type of advertising, when you're logged in as an admin to your Facebook page, select "Build Audience" in the top right, and click "Create An Ad."
On the following page, select the "See Advanced Options" button:
Then, create your ad by selecting its type, entering your text, choosing a landing view, and uploading an image. When creating your ad, remember that your headline is limited to 90 characters, the ad text is only 90 characters, and your photo should be 100x72. You can see the preview of your ad before publishing:
Next, you'll see a place where you can also sign up for Sponsored Stories, so you'll need to decide whether or not you want to go for that option now, or you can simply click "Remove" and work with that later. At that point, you'll be prompted to "Choose Your Audience," where you can target by location, age/gender, interests, and connections. Here's an example for Matt's Awesome Bear Hats:
Then, it's time to decide on your campaign type. You'll need to name your campaign, set a budget, and decide on how your campaign is optimized. I've decided to optimize my campaign for clicks, which many advertisers opt to do.
Your last step is to place your order, enter payment information, and track performance.
Sponsored stories
As Facebook notes, "Sponsored stories are messages coming from friends about them engaging with your page, app, or event that a business, organization, or individual has paid to highlight so there's a better chance people see them." In other words, sponsored stories allow you to pay for any engagement from fans on your page to appear to friends in their personal network.
Fortunately, setting this up is easy, and takes place in the same place where you set up your traditional ads. All you have to do is select what stories you want to show, and then proceed to place your order:
Promoted posts
Beyond advertising your Facebook page or ecommerce site, it's often a good idea to promote your content, especially when you have something important to say. This is where promoted posts come into play. Promoted posts is an advertising option that allows you to turn any post into an ad that appears at the top of fans' newsfeeds. Leveraging promoted posts helps boost the likelihood that your fans will see your updates, as will their friends. Setting these up are also fairly easy, and can be highly effective when leveraging best practices for promoted posts.
You can create promoted posts in the "create ad" section, but it's often easier to do so directly from your timeline. To get started, first create your post as you normally would. If you want to further target your post to specific locations, interests, etc., you can do so by clicking the compass icon.
Next, upon clicking "Promote Post," you'll decide on your audience and budget. Note that the higher your desired reach, the more you'll need to pay:
Just like before, you'll need to enter any payment information (if none is already on file), and your ad will be launched. As with any form of advertising, pay close attention to performance by utilizing the reporting tools available in Facebook's Ads Manager.
Of course, all of this effort to boost your Facebook presence is great, but how can you gauge success without measuring performance? Let's move on to discuss some basic Facebook metrics and what you can learn from Facebook Insights.
How do I measure the success of my Facebook efforts?
While it's true that every blind squirrel eventually finds an acorn, it's much better to rely on solid metrics to help discover success in Facebook marketing. Facebook itself provides a large quantity of data to sift through, so before you dive in, think back to your main Facebook objectives, then tie data that measures the performance of those objectives. For example, if the main goal of your Facebook page is to distribute content, you'll want to take a look at engagement levels, such as number of comments, virality, etc.
Facebook also provides a handy metrics tool called Facebook Insights that helps you track the performance of your Business Page. Before we take a closer look into that tool, let's define a few key metrics:
- Likes: Pretty self-explanatory, but this is the amount of people who have Liked your Business page. Likes is a direct indication of your community size.
- People Talking About This (PTAT): This metric indicates the number of unique users who have "created a story" about your page in the past seven days. Users create a story when they engage with your content, such as liking your page, posting on your timeline, liking/commenting/sharing a post, mentioning your page, etc. PTAT is a direct indication of the level of engagement users have with your page.
- Reach: Reach is defined as "the number of unique people who have seen any content associated with your page." The most popular reach metric in Facebook Insights is Weekly Total Reach, but you can also see the reach of each individual post. Your reach indicates how far your content is spreading.
- Virality: Facebook defines virality as "the percentage of people who have created a story from your Page post out of the total number of unique people who have seen it." Essentially, virality is another engagement metric that helps you understand which posts are receiving the most engagement, and therefore receiving additional reach.
There are also several metrics outside of Facebook Insights that help gauge how your Facebook presence impacts your ecommerce site. Many of these can be found within Google Analytics, such as number of referral visits from Facebook and even attributable sales. Be sure to incorporate those when gauging overall Facebook performance—at the end of the day, we're still looking to attract sales.
Facebook Insights
Now that we have a basic understanding of some key metrics, let's take a look into the Facebook Insights tool, which can be accessed directly from your Admin Dashboard. It's important to note that you must have 30 people like your Page before receiving access to insights about your activity.
Once you click into Facebook Insights, you'll be presented with your overview dashboard. This shows high level metrics, such as your total likes, PTAT, reach, etc. Even more, you can see how performance with these metrics has been trending:
If you scroll down the overview dashboard, you can see the performance of individual posts from a reach, virality, and PTAT perspective. The default view is in descending chronological order, but you can filter them however you like. This section is particularly helpful in identifying what type of content resonates best with your audience. For example, if you see that images have the highest reach and virality, you should start incorporating more photos into your updates. On the other hand, if polls and status updates perform well, you can adjust accordingly.
Using the tabs at the top, you can then look deeper into how you're performing in the area of likes, reach, and "talking about this." Scroll through each tab to see key demographic data, such as age and location, along with how people are interacting with your page, like which tabs are most popular and which third-party websites are sending the most traffic to your Facebook page.
Keep in mind that the data you see in Facebook Insights is within a specific time range, so to measure long-term performance, it's best to export your data periodically so it's easier to compile. You can do so by using the export tool, directly in Insights:
The best way to learn about Insights is to dig around until you become comfortable with the interface and the vernacular they use. But looking at the data isn't enough. You need to apply the insights you receive to make strategic decisions on your Facebook activity. In other words, don't just sit and stare at the data—absorb the information and use it to make a difference.
Facebook is a powerful tool for ecommerce. Not only does it help expand your presence, but it can make a big impact on how you interact with current and prospective customers. The platform also has a strong influence on your reputation, and serves as a fantastic medium to reinforce your branding.
Before you dive into Facebook marketing, set your objectives and lay out a strategy that helps you achieve those goals. Don't just get onto Facebook because "everyone else is doing it." Instead, enter this social arena with your game face on, and make Facebook work for you.


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Entering Circle Walking Fluidly in Pre-Heaven Bagua.
This way of stepping is not entirely beginner level of…Read More
Bagua Post-Heaven Traditional Guide to Help Improve Internal Kung Fu
Guidelines for improving Internal Kung Fu of Bagua Post-Heaven: Introducing…Read More
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8 PLACES AVAILABLE FOR WEEKLY KUNG FU CLASS IN BATH…Read More
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The Motherpalms of Bagua Zhang 八母掌 Lower Pressing Posture – 下按式…Read More


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Counter-Strike Forums
Out of all the popular online games Counter-Strike has the worst community hands down. Enter any of the seven thousand 24/7 de_dust servers and you'll be pelted with a barrage of OMG HAX, OMG U SUX, OMG AWP WHORE, and OMG CAMPER messages. Doing anything that results in you scoring a point in this horrible game results in these overplayed phrases being flung left and right. For some reason, winning in Counter-Strike will cause other players to question your sexual orientation. Sadly, these people have also learned how to post on an internet forum.
To be perfectly honest though, the Counter-Strike forums aren't all that bad. I'm surprised actually. I thought it would be much much worse. The morons in the following images were usually frowned upon. I guess having twenty moderators per forum would help a little.
Approximately one-third of the posts on the Counter-Strike.net forums are users asking where to get a cd-key or how to change one. Apparently no one can afford the ten dollars that Half Life costs these days.
Oh that's great. If I wanted to see a database of horrible Counter-Strike servers I'd just fire up Steam and look at the server list.
But I read about it on GameFaqs. How could it not be true???
Just what we need, more Counter-Strike web pages. Just add it to the pile I suppose, trash collection is on Thursdays.
Because my mom said I can't get this game if there's flying body parts.
The AWP is a huge issue in Counter-Strike. Whether you hate the AWP or not I think we can all agree that everyone who argues about it is a huge nerd.
Shop fast at Smart and Final, the smaller, faster warehouse store!
Buying a cd-key off of some guy in #cs-thugz isn't exactly going to result in you getting a valid key.
Well I suppose the first thing you have to do is assume Counter-Strike is a realistic game, and that would be just plain silly.
You can use a Doom 3 cd-key to play CS 1.7 online. I read it on the internet.
Something Awful is in the process of changing hands to a new owner. In the meantime we're pausing all updates and halting production on our propaganda comic partnership with Northrop Grumman.
Yes, there are finally enough games for a new round of One Sentence Reviews
Play your entire PS1 library from a single SD card. But not your Brady Strategy Guides.
The goons like their fiction like they like their orange juice: all pulp.
There are hundreds of stories happening on the World Wide Web. Let me tell you, that's a very wide web. Our goal at Weekend Web is to bring you the latest headlines from around the Internet. We go into the very bowels of message boards everywhere and find out what millions of online citizens have to say.
Copyright ©2020 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


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Brent Works Space Station
Brent Taylor, VY2HF (formerly VE1JH of Doaktown) has added another to his long list of ham radio accomplishments. He has worked Richard Garriott who is on board the ISS. Garriott is the $30,000,000 "space tourist" and computer-game magnate; and son of Owen Garriott, who was the first ham in space (1984). Here is Brent's account of his latest "conquest":
"I worked Richard first on 21 October 2008 on the 0814 ADT time pass. I was mobile in downtown Charlottetown on my way to work with my 5W Alinco H/T barefoot and my 1/4-wave mag-mount on the car. That was a very quick 2-way exchange and was not recorded. I believe I was the last North American to work him on that pass.
The next day, 22 October 2008, I was better set up. It was early in the morning and I was still at home. I checked the pass times and noted a pass upcoming at around 0700. I went out to my back yard with the Alinco H/T and my handheld "Arrow" beam, and wore my MP3 player/recorder around my neck, set for "voice record" mode. I waved the antenna in the direction of the ascending node azimuth (basically, almost due south for that pass) and waited for the station to become audible – hoping he was on phone this orbit.
He came into range very quickly and was full scale on the S-meter for most of the pass. I waited for a good opportunity to drop my call in to the pileup that he must have been hearing, and after a few attempts I bagged him. I used "Prince Edward Island" at the end of my call in the event it would allow me to "tail-end" a bit and give him some audio he could grab at the end of the pileup. It worked!
The rest is on the MP3 recording. It was very brief and left no time to small talk, of course. He worked a W2 immediately after me, which I thought was really neat. I have worked the Station many times, but almost always when it is over Newfoundland and away from the American big guns. So to get a good QSO using QRP when he was still in range of 2-land was pretty cool.
Brent, VY2HF (ex-VE1JH)
Stratford, PEI "
If you would like to hear the QSO, just click on the link below. Listen to the full recording (it's a little over 1 minute in length) as Brent's QSO is near the end.


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One Key Resources, part of the Fircroft Group, is a specialist provider of Managed Workforce and Labour Hire solutions to the Mining, Oil & Gas and Infrastructure Industries. An employer of choice, One Key Resources employs Open Cut and Underground Operators, Tradespeople and Support Staff at close to 100 locations across Australia. Due to increased operational demands, we are currently recruiting experienced Development Operators NOW! Successful candidates will have
About the role:
If you fit the above requirements then look no further and APPLY online now! For further information please contact Dan Dobe on 07 3233 2119 One Key Resources is committed to workplace diversity and strongly encourages female and indigenous candidates to apply.
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KAESER COMPRESORES DE Costa Rica Limitada
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text: ART seems more like the huge compost pile in my garden than the sterile nursery, where I actually was born. Many drowned in the juice of their own feelings trying to survive as an artist. Certainly one cannot study art; as well there is no one who understands all this stuff. History is written by its victors just like art-history. And so these strange inconsistencies arise: If one makes an excursion to the moon and chokes on all this ugly moon dust... Fortunately, I have not studied ART the purest form of utter futility. I trust no one since childhood. A freshly-whitened panel seems suspicious to me. If I cannot stop myself and start painting, it becomes more and more difficult. In order not to lose the upper hand, I go back step by step. Sometimes I defiantly refuse painting, maybe for weeks or even for a year, to famish them all and wonder all the time, whether they already have starved to death... When I finally resign and take up a paint-brush on the ground that it will not rot in the wash water: Then suddenly they are back, these unspeakable, black thoughts.


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Welcome!!!! Are you having fun making all the amazing blocks? I know I am. I love all the talent of this group and how we all see things so differently. If you have not had a chance check out Erin Singleton of Two More Seconds block please do so. It's cute to boot.
Before I dive too much feather into this post I guess I had better tell you what Quilt-Uber-Fest is. My good friend Scott has all the info on his blog and you may find out more about it there. Since Scott has taken the time to re-invent the wheel for Quilt-Uber-Fest I will let you read all about it on his blog. No sense in me redoing it.
The fabrics used in all the blocks are selections from Nel Whatmore's Sleeping Beauty line for Free Spirit Fabrics, Kaffe Fassett's Wovens, and a solid of our choice.
I can't wait to see what Nel will think of my block since she and I have been trading e-mails back and forth. I'm calling my block
Click on the title of the block and it will give you the PDF of how to make it.
Don't forget to check out Emily Cier blog post tomorrow, where she will be sharing her block in the Quilt-Uber-Fest.
Please be sure to post a photo of the block you make in the Quilt Uber-Fest Flickr Pool! Lots of great blocks are already appearing in the group.
Thanks for stopping by.
Until next time,


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Ranveer, Deepika launch radio stations in Amritsar, PatialaDec 13, 2015 IANS
Amritsar, Dec 12 (IANS) Bollywood actors Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone, who are visiting different cities to promote their forthcoming movie "Bajirao Mastani", have launched Radio Mirchi Amritsar and Patiala stations.
Radio Mirchi has adopted a fresh approach towards the new stations which were launched by the actors on Friday, keeping in mind the prevalence of Punjabi music.
The station would be broadcasting at a different frequency (104.8 FM), but listeners can expect the same cutting edge shows and useful information that it is known for.
"Mirchi 104.8 FM is a compilation of what our listeners told us they want from a radio station; focus on playing more Punjabi music and being actively involved with their lifestyle," Prashant Panday, CEO and executive director, Entertainment Network India Limited, said in a statement.
The launch of these stations came on the heels of the Royal Stag Mirchi Music Awards here that saw some of the stars of Punjabi music shaking a leg and competing for the awards trophy in 12 film and non-film categories.
Click the Movie button below for more info:
Bajirao Mastani
Ranveer Singh Pictures
More News


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If you enjoy writing, you write, unless you have a dozen of blogs to update regularly. Read how I regularly add fresh content to my blogs, by writing less!
Posts tagged "niches"
Multiple niche websites or a single website to rule them all?
Niche websites carry a lot of value and potential, either for advertising or as resale value. Yet, managing many niche websites may lead you to lose focus.
Is your personal life safe when writing tips for gambling?
As I feel a bit tired discussing about gambling, investing and making money all the time for the past 10 years, I thought of starting to write about other stuff I like, under my real name this time. After all, I do have hobbies other than finding the lows of a stock price, predicting which… Continue reading


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Keywords filter
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Boutelle family--Correspondence (1) Boutelle, Frazier Augustus, Mrs.--Correspondence (1) Boutelle, Frazier Augustus--Archives (1) Boutelle, Harry Moss, d. 1899 (1) Miller, Robert A. (Robert Aubrey), 1854-1941 (1) Miller, Robert A. (Robert Aubrey), 1854-1941--Correspondence (1) Miller, Robert A. (Robert Aubrey), 1854-1941--Diaries (1) United States. Army--Military life. (1) United States. Army--Officers. (1) Willamette University--Photographs (1)
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|Collection Title:
Frazier Augustus Boutelle papers
|University of Oregon Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives
|Frazier Augustus Boutelle was an army officer who served in the Civil War, and also in various frontier posts in Oregon, Texas, Montana, and California. From 1889 to 1890, he was superintendent of Yellowstone National Park, and in 1895 became adjutant general of the state of Washington. His son, Harry Moss Boutelle was killed in action in 1899 in the war in the Philippines. The collection consists mainly of family correspondence and photographs. Frazier Boutelle's letters describe army life, and his work after his service in the army. A major part of the collection are the letters from 1890 to 1898, of Mrs. Boutelle and son Harry Boutelle, describe Harry's college life and service in the army. The photographs document Boutelle's career and include military scenes of the Indian Wars from 1870s-1890s, images from the Philippines from 1898-1899, and images of the Yellowstone area from 1889-1890.
|Collection Title:
Robert Aubrey Miller papers
|University of Oregon Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives
|Robert Aubrey Miller (1854-1941) graduated from Willamette University in Salem, Oregon in 1878, and began a law practice in Jacksonville, Oregon, served in the Oregon House of Representatives, and was as an aide to Governor Sylvester Pennoyer. The collection contains correspondence, letterpress volumes, a diary, proceedings of the Jacksonville District Pomona Grange (1876-1879), a Willamette University memorandum book, scrapbooks of clippings, speeches, Southern Oregon District Fair material, books of poems, excerpts from The Hesperian, a literary magazine edited by Miller, and photographs.


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Some may speak of the Long Tail (and my ebooks fit in there nicely), but there are other curves that govern business. Take the inverted parabola, for instance, where things improve to a peak, and then begin to drop off.
Eventually a product gets good enough that any change makes it worse.
I like to put it this way: there is one best design for any product; because of sellers needing change (in order to sell more), the design is changed, resulting in a less-better product -- because it is no longer optimal.
For example, Tide is an optimal product that cleans clothes good enough. But to sell more product, Proctor & Gambel have changed the product, to add bleach, to add smells of various kinds, etc. Now the product is sub-optimal, because I find the perfume smell(s) annoying. Tide has drooped down the other side of the inverted parabola.
The Windows operating system reached its peak with XP, and now Vista leads the drop off. As one Microsoft insider blogged, Vista was about meeting shipping deadlines, not about features.
Chris Pirillo is feeling the heat for going against those who think parabolic curves are vertical asymptotic (only ever getting larger). And he's really ticked off at their myopia: "I'm not p****d off at the people telling me to switch to OS X, I'm really p****d off at the people who are blaming me for Vista's shortcomings." His crime? Going back to XP.
We in the tech world have been spoiled by over two decades of new = better. For the last several years, we've been reaching the top of the inverted parabola: CPU speeds have stalled, word processor features sets are set in stone, and Windows isn't going to get any better any more.
The upside to being on the downside of the inverted parabola? Stability. We can now get our work done, instead of wasting time and cash on upgrades.


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2015 Global Automotive Fuel Hose Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world's major regional market conditions of the Automotive Fuel Hose industry, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia) and the main countries (United States, Germany, Japan and China).
Download Sample Copy of This Report at:
The report firstly introduced the Automotive Fuel Hose basics: definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain overview; industry policies and plans; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures and so on. Then it analyzed the world's main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, capacity utilization, supply, demand and industry growth rate etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The report includes six parts, dealing with:
1.) Basic information;
2.) The Asia Automotive Fuel Hose industry;
3.) The North American Automotive Fuel Hose industry;
4.) The European Automotive Fuel Hose industry;
5.) Market entry and investment feasibility;
6.) The report conclusion.
Table of Contents
Part I Automotive Fuel Hose Industry Overview
Chapter One Automotive Fuel Hose Industry Overview
1.1 Automotive Fuel Hose Definition
1.2 Automotive Fuel Hose Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Automotive Fuel Hose Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Automotive Fuel Hose Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Automotive Fuel Hose Application Analysis
1.3.1 Automotive Fuel Hose Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Automotive Fuel Hose Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Automotive Fuel Hose Industry Chain Structure Analysis
See More Reports of This Category by Radiant Insights:
1.5 Automotive Fuel Hose Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Automotive Fuel Hose Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Automotive Fuel Hose Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Automotive Fuel Hose Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Automotive Fuel Hose Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Automotive Fuel Hose Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Automotive Fuel Hose Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Automotive Fuel Hose Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Automotive Fuel Hose Global Market Development Trend Analysis
Chapter Two Automotive Fuel Hose Up and Down Stream Industry Analysis
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Upstream Raw Materials Price Analysis
2.1.2 Upstream Raw Materials Market Analysis
2.1.3 Upstream Raw Materials Market Trend
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.1.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
Part II Asia Automotive Fuel Hose Industry (The Report Company Including the Below Listed But Not All)
Chapter Three Asia Automotive Fuel Hose Market Analysis
3.1 Asia Automotive Fuel Hose Product Development History
3.2 Asia Automotive Fuel Hose Process Development History
3.3 Asia Automotive Fuel Hose Industry Policy and Plan Analysis
3.4 Asia Automotive Fuel Hose Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.5 Asia Automotive Fuel Hose Market Development Trend
Latest Report by Radiant Insights:
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Global Motorcycle Market 2015:
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Radiant Insights is a platform for companies looking to meet their market research and business intelligence requirements. We assist and facilitate organizations and individuals procure market research reports, helping them in the decision making process. We have a comprehensive collection of reports, covering over 40 key industries and a host of micro markets. In addition to over extensive database of reports, our experienced research coordinators also offer a host of ancillary services such as, research partnerships/ tie-ups and customized research solutions.
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►The dimensions of these tumblers are:
Wine Tumbler: 3 1/2"(L) x 4 3/8"(H)
Coffee Tumbler: 3 3/8"(L) x 6 7/8"(H)
►Color Options
The color options include the colors seen in this listing's dropdown. There is also an option for "You pick the color!" which is slightly discounted. If you don't particularly care what the color your tumbler is, this is the option for you! Every once in awhile we'll have an excess of one color or leftovers from a bulk order. If you select the "you pick the color" option, we'll fulfill your order with one of these "extra" colors. Please note, this could include the colors offered in the listing OR another color not listed.


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US Officials Say ISIS a 'Global Threat,' But Focus on Africa
US officials are continuing to emphasize that ISIS poses a "global threat," even though it lost all its territory in Syria and Iraq. While that continues the narrative of an open-ended fight across the planet, officials are also clear the focus right now is on Africa.
It's not clear exactly why ISIS is being chosen as the immediate focus for US anti-ISIS operations, with so much of a deal being made previously of the group in Afghanistan and Pakistan, but the US is hoping to get global support for the Africa fight.
US officials are emphasizing the substantial number of ISIS-affiliated factions inside Africa in their narrative, though of course, not all ISIS are created equal, and nowhere is that more apparent than in Africa.
Isis is a construct of the US and Israel.
ISIS Is a US-Israeli Creation. Top Ten "Indications"
ISIS : A CIA Creation to Justify War Abroad and Repression at Home
Secret Pentagon Report Reveals the the US created ISIS as a tool to overthrow Syria's President Assad
The more quickly you can get your head around that "bit", the sooner the clarity will come about why the US government is requesting/demanding an international "response" to "the ISIS threat".
When Karl Marx made the observation that all wars are economic in origin, history keeps proving this true.
What the US and its Western powers have been doing, very concretely ever since 2001, is destabilise countries with tremendous resources (oil, natural gas, gold, platinum, molybdenum, etc.), regime change their governments; expropriating resources to which it has no moral right; and insuring that these resources are only sold for the US dollar.
Rinse; wipe; repeat.
Anyone who cannot see this pattern, in the wars of conquest against Iraq; Afghanistan; Libya; Yemen; and various other Middle East and African countries, has not been paying attention.
And when you query bing.com, about Africa's riches, here is the answer you get:
The Natural Resources of Africa, and the article goes on to state:
"Which Continent Is The Richest In Natural Resources?
Oil. It is estimated that 12% of the oil produced in the world comes from Africa.
Precious Metals. Africa has the richest reserves of precious metals such as gold, cobalt,...
Timber. Timber is an essential resource in the construction industry and furniture making.
So is it any wonder that the US is "pushing" the alleged "ISIS threat, pertaining to Africa, as a reason to invade it, and do what it has done to so many other countries around the world?!?
No wonder at all.
It is very, painfully, uncomfortable to recognise that one's government, has consistently committed war crimes, against the people with the gall who happen to live over, or adjacent to, the resources the US government wants to control; but that is the stark reality of 21st century America.