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Second Year Students
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Bi-weekly Seminar Series
6th HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
5th HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
4th HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
2018 Workshop on Long-Run Development
2017 Symposium of Development and Institutional Economics
The Fifth Annual International Symposium on Quantitative History
3rd HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics (2017)
Workshop: International Perspective of Financial and Fiscal Challenges for China under "New Normal"
2nd HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics (2016)
2015 Henan Symposium on Development and Institutional Economics
1st HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics (2015)
Academic Programs
International Students
Contact Us
Main Menu
About Us
Departments and Research Centers
Job Openings
Faculty Positions in Macroeconomics
Faculty Positions in Microeconomics
Finding Us
About Kaifeng
About Kaifeng
Campus Impressions
Campus Impressions
Staff Directory
Welcome to the School of Economics at Henan University, Kaifeng
Full-Time Faculty
Makram El-Shagi
Kaixiang Peng
Tsun-Feng (Ted) Chiang
Lunan Jiang
Bingtao Song
Lin Zhang
Baomin Dong
Qianqian Wang
Mingliang Frank Shao
Pengfei Sheng
Heng Li
Xinjun Lyu
Zhicheng Phil Xu
Jan Klingelhöfer
Rongrong Sun
Young Bin Ahn
Ye Ma
Mehrab Kiarsi
He Yang
Affiliated Faculty
Kuk Mo Jung
Jarko Fidrmuc
Steve Yamarik
Peter Egger
Jack Hou
Young Sik Kim
Honorary Professors
William A. Barnett
Wing Thye Woo
Alan J. Auerbach
Kiyohiko G. Nishimura
James J. Heckman
Patrick O'Brien
Philip T. Hoffman
Thomas G. Rawski
E. Kwan Choi
Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé
Martín Uribe
Harald Uhlig
Fabio Canova
Randall D. Wright
Lawrence Christiano
Joshua Aizenman
PhD Students
First Year Students
Nivyisi Kevin Gael
Wilfred Adu-Agyei
Muhammed Umer Majeed
Thi Huong Pham
Jianming Miao
Eveline Bernad Ondi
Second Year Students
Yizhuang Zheng
Sher Khan
Third Year Students
Yibei Guo
Bashir Muhammad
Affiliated Faculty
Bi-weekly seminar series
Pu-Hyun Pyun (Korea University, Seoul) - Divergence in Equity Home Bias between Developed and Developing Economies: A Role of Financial Development
Chad Meyerhoefer (Lehigh University) - The Medical Care Costs of Youth Obesity
James Dearden (Lehigh University) - University Ranking Publications: To Manipulate or Not to Manipulate
Pui-Sun Tam (Macao University) - Inequality, Leverage, and Crises: Theory and Evidence Revisited
C. Bram Cadsby (University of Guelphs) - The Impact of Risk Aversion and Stress on the Incentive Effect of Performance Pay
Fei Song (Ryerson University) - In-Group Favorism and Moral Decision-Making
Guanglin Liu (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) - The Chinese Market Economy 1000 - 1500
Boriss Siliverstovs (ETH Zurich) - International Stock Return Predictability: On the Role of the United States in Bad and Good Time
Jiong Gong (University of Business and Economics (UIBE), Beijing) - The Tradeoff of the Commons under Stochastic Use
Jonathan Benchimol (Bank of Israel) - Nominal Income versus Taylor-type rules in practice
Peter Egger (ETH Zurich, Switzerland) - Heterogeneous Effects of Tariff and Non-tariff Policy Barriers in General Equilibrium
Xiaojian Zhao (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) - Incentive- Compatibility in Financial Contracting with Limited Liabilities
James Swofford (South Alabama University) - Superlative Index Numbers and Revealed Preference Ranking
Xu Hu (Fudan University) - Why do Chinese Banks Sell Wealth Management Products
Rongrong Sun (University of Nottingham Ningbo) - Macroprudential Policy, Central Banks and Financial Stability: Evidence from China
Dr. Jan Klingelhöfer (RWTH Aachen) - Relations between China and the US - a game theoretic approach
Young Sik Kim (Seoul National University) - Money, Tax Evasion and the Optimal Monetary Policy
Munechika Katayama (Kyoto University) - Uncertainty Shocks and the Relative Price of Investment Goods
Maria Del Roser Alvarez Klee (University of Barcelona) - The long-term health effects of humanitarian crisis in Henan province, China (1949-78)
Zhiyong Johnny Zhang (University of Notre Dame) - Statistical Methods and Software for Handling Non-normal in Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences
Yinghui Chen (Zhongnan University of Economics and Law) - Does Regulatory Reform of Cumulative Voting Improve Minority Shareholder Protection?
Enzo Dia (Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca) - Fixed Costs and Capital Regulation: Impacts on Endogenous Entry and Aggregate Loan Quality
Zhaohua Li (Lincoln University) - Government subsidy and firms at a high risk of delisting: evidence from China
Dakshina G. De Silvay (Lancaster University) - An Evaluation of a Bidder Training Program
Jarko Fidrmuc (Zeppelin University) - Russian Oligarchs, Social Capital and Economic Inequality in Russian Regions
Young-Kyu Moh ( Sookmyung Women's University) - Social Motives and Long-term Growth
Jie Zheng (Tsinghua University) - Where You Stand Affects the Risks You Take: Socially Reference-Dependent Risk Attitudes
Jaimie Lien (Chinese University of Hong Kong) - Exaggerating to Break-Even: Reference-Dependent Moral Hazard in Auto Insurance Claims
Xiaojun Sun (University of Texas, El Paso) - Crashes and Rebounds in Housing Markets
Jong-Min Kim (University of Minnesota-Morris) - Copula Directional Dependence
Li Wei (Beihang University) - Zombie Firms and Misallocation in China
Alexander Maslov (Concordia University) - Competition in Online Markets with Auctions and Posted Prices
Haoran He (Beijing Normal University) - Labor Market Discrimination against Family Responsibilities: A Correspondence Study with Policy Change in China
Jinhui Bai (Washington State University) - The Welfare and Distribution Effects of Fiscal Volatility: A Quantitative Evaluation
Fabio Canova (Norwegian Business School) - Mind the gap! Stylized dynamic facts and structural models
Jose H. Ablanedo (University of Texas El Paso) - Corporate sustainability assessment: Across-efficiency model in presence of dual-role factors
Maxwell Pak (Southwestern University of Finance and Economics) - Child-raising cost and fertility in a highly competitive environment
Junjie Zhang (Duke Kunshan University) - Turning a Blind Eye? On the Political Economy of Environmental Regulation in China
Kent Deng (London School of Economics) - The Ten Schools in Economic History
Wei Xiao (Southwestern University of Finance and Economics) - Urban Bias and Access to Capital: Evidence from the Manufacturing Sector in China
Qian Han (Xiamen University) - Monetary Policy, Credit Distribution and Enterprise's Investment and Financing Behavior
Yuyun Liu (Sun Yat-sen University) - Does Dialect Serve as a Signal of Social Networks in Job Search? Evidence from China
Leonard F.S. Wang (Zhongnan University of Economics and Law) - Consumer Stockpiling and Market Entry
Kuoping Chang (Xi'an Jiaotong University) - Behavioral Economics versus Traditional Economics: Are They Very Different?
Junfu Zhang (Clark University) - The Role of Models in Microeconomic Empirical Research - A Case Study of Urban and Regional Economics
Gilhaimé Mouanda-Mouanda (University of International Business and Economics) - Financial Development, Position and Participation in Global Value Chains
Laixun Zhao (Kobe University) - Antidumping filings and product quality
Eiji Ogawa (Hitotsubashi University) - Effects of US Interest Rate Hikes and Global Risk on Daily Capital Flows in Emerging Market Countries
Huibin Chang (Dongbei University of Finance and Economics (DUFE)) - The welfare effect and the wider impact of regulating low-skilled migration
Cheryl Long (Xiamen University) - Information Effects of High-Speed Rail: Evidence from Patent Citations and Innovation
Pinghan Liang (Sun-Yat-Sen University) - Winter Is Coming: Early-life Experiences and Politicians' Decisions
Fali Huang (Singapore Management University) - Institutional Hierarchy in Protection of Property Rights
Junbing Zhang (Free University of Berlin) - Chinese Dialects Diversity & Local Economic Development
Brownbag Seminar
El-Shagi, M.: When Does Monetary Measurement Matter (Most)?, in: Macroeconomic Dynamics (forthcoming)
El-Shagi, M. / Zheng, Y.: Money Demand in China - A Meta Analysis, in: Emerging Market, Finance and Trade (forthcoming)
Zhang, Y. / Xu, Z. / Palma, M.A.: Conveniently dependent or naively overconfident? An experimental study on the reaction to external help, in: Plos One (forthcoming)
Ahn, Y.B. / Tsuchiya, Y.: Directional Accuracy of Singapore's Macroeconomic Forecasts, The Singapore Economic Review, forthcoming
Ahn, Y.B. / Tsuchiya,Y.: Asymmetric loss of macroeconomic forecasts in South Asia: evidence from the SPF survey of India, Indonesia, and Singapore, in: Emerging Markets, Finance and Trade, forthcoming
Benchimol, J. / El-Shagi, M.: Forecast Performance in Times of Terrorism, in: Economic Modelling (forthcoming)
Chiang, T.- F.: Financial Capability and Investment Management of Chinese Households: An Application of Hybrid Item Response Theory, in: Journal of Consumer Affairs (forthcoming)
Chiang, T.- F.: Fiscal Expenditure and Industrial Land Price in China: Theory and Evidence, in: Contemporary Economic Policy (forthcoming)
El-Shagi, M. / Jiang, L.: Monetary policy transmission in China: Dual shocks with dual bond markets, in: Macroeconomic Dynamics (forthcoming)
Sun, R.: Requiem for the interest rate controls in China, in: Pacific Economic Review (forthcoming)
Dong, B. / Ma, X. / Wang, N. / Wei, W.: Impacts of exchange rate volatility and international oil price shock on China's regional economy: A dynamic multi-regional CGE analysis, in: Energy Economics, Vol. 86, February 2020
Sun, R.: Monetary Policy Announcements and Market Interest Rates´ Response: Evidence from China, 2020, Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 113, April 2020
El-Shagi, M. / Zhang, L.: Trade Effects of Silver Price Fluctuations in 19th-Century China: A Macro Approach, in: China Economic Review, Vol. 63, October 2020
El-Shagi, M. / Shao M.: The Impact of Inequality and Redistribution on Growth, in: Review of Income and Wealth, Vol. 65 (2), pp. 239-263, 2019
Klingelhöfer, J.: Lobbying and Elections, in: Bulletin of Economic Research, Vol. 71(1), pp. 1-17, January 2019
El-Shagi, M. / Kelly, Logan J.: What can we learn from country level liquidity in the EMU?, in: Journal of Financial Stability, Vol. 42, pp- 75-83, June 2019
El-Shagi, M.: A Simple Estimator for Smooth Local Projections, in: Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 26 (10), pp. 830-834, 2019
El-Shagi, M.: Rationality tests in the presence of instabilities in finite samples, in: Economic Modelling, Vol. 79, pp. 242-246, June 2019
Klingelhöfer, J. / Sun, R.: Macroprudential Policy, Central Banks and Financial Stability: Evidence from China, in: Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 93, pp. 19-41, May 2019
Palma, M.A. / Xu, Z.: Shadow of a Doubt: Moral Excuse in Charitable Giving, in: Review of Behavioral Economics: Vol. 6 (2), pp 133-146, 2019
El-Shagi, M. / Yamarik, S.: State-Level Capital and Investment: Re finements and Update, Growth and Change, A Journal of Urban and Regional Policy, Vol. 50(4), pp. 1411-1422, December 2019
Fidrmuc J. / Korhonen, I.: Meta-Analysis of Chinese Business Cycle Correlation, in: Pacific Economic Review, Vol. 23(3), pp. 385-410, August 2018
Dong, B. / Wei, W. / Ma, X. / Li P.: On the impacts of carbon tax and technological progress on China, in: Applied Economics, Vol. 50 (4), pp. 389-406, 2018
Wang, Q. / Gibson, M.J.: Exporters in cross section: direct vs. intermediated trade, in: Review of International Economics, Vol. 26 (1), pp. 84-95, 2018
Bandyopadhyay T. / Dong, B / Qin, C.-Z.: A Signaling Theory of Limited Supply, in: Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 174 (3), pp. 476-494 (19), 2018
Kim, J. / Jung, H: Time series forecasting using functional partial least square regression with stochastic volatility, GARCH, and exponential smoothing, in: Journal of Forecasting, Vol. 37 (3), pp. 269-280, April 2018
Kim, J. / Jung, H.: Dependence Structure between Oil Prices, Exchange Rates, and Interest Rates, The Energy Journal, Vol. 39(2), pp. 233-258, April 2018
Kim, J. / Jung, H.: Relationship between Oil Price and Exchange Rate by FDA and Copula, in: Applied Economics, Vol. 50 (22), pp. 2486-2499, 2018
Wei, W. / Zhang, J. / Dong, B. / Wang, H.: Quantifying the Impacts of China's Currency Depreciation and Capital Control: A CGE Analysis, in: Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 25 (14), pp. 964-967, 2018
Jiang, L.: Dividend taxes and investment during the U.S. Great Depression, in: Economics Letters, Vol. 167, pp. 147-151, June 2018
El-Shagi, M. / von Schweinitz, G.: The Joint Dynamics of Sovereign Ratings and Government Bond Yields, in: Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 97, December 2018, pp. 197-218
Sun, Rongrong: A Narrative indicator of Monetary Conditions in China, in: International Journal of Central Banking, Vol. 14(4), September 2018
Ahn, Y. B. / Tsuchiya, Y.: Directional Accuracy of Urban Consumers' Inflation Forecasts in China, in: Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol. 54(6), pp. 141-1424, 2018
Dong, B. / Guo, Y.: The impact of the first Sino-Japanese war indemnity: Transfer problem reexamined, in: International Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 56, pp. 15-26, July 2018
Gibson, M. / Wang, Q.: Sanitary and phytosanitary measures in Chinese agriculture exports: the role of trade intermediaries, in: Applied Economics, Vol. 50(27), pp. 3007-3015, 2018
Ku Y.-C. / Chiang T.-F. / Chang S.- M.: Is What You Choose What You Want? - Outlier Detection in Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis, in: Marketing Letters, September 2017, 1-14
Jung, K.M.: Liquidity Risk and Time-Varying Correlation between Equity and Currency Returns, Economic Inquiry, Vol. 55 (2), April 2017, pp. 898–919
Jung, H. / Kim, J. / Qin, L.: A New Generalized Volatility Proxy via the Stochastic Volatility Model, Applied Economics, Vol. 49 (23) 2017, pp. 2259-2268
Kibriya S. / Xu Z. / Zhang Y. : The Negative Consequences of School Bullying on Academic Performance and Mitigation through Female Teacher Participation: Evidence from Ghana, in: Applied Economics, Vol. 49 (25) 2017, pp. 2480-2490.
H. Jung / C. Choi: Does an Economically Active Population Matter in Housing Price?, in: Applied Economics Letters, 2017, 24(15): 1061-1064
Dong B. / Wong K. S.: A Theory of Comparative Advantage with Specialized Subnational Regions, in: Review of International Economics, 25(3): 567-577, August 2017
Shao, M.: How Do Mean Division Shares Affect Development and Growth?, in: Panoeconomicus, Vol. 64 (5), pp. 525-545, 2017
Dong, B. / Gu, X. / Song, H.: Capital Market Liberalization: Optimal Tradeoff and Bargaining Delay, North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 39, January 2017, pp. 78-88
Kim, J. / Jung, H.: Can Asymmetric Conditional Volatility Imply Asymmetric Tail Dependence?, in: Economic Modelling, 64: 409-418, August 2017
El-Shagi, M.: Dealing with small sample bias in post-crisis samples, in: Economic Modelling, 65, September 2017, pp. 1-8
El-Shagi, M. / Michelsen, C. / Rosenschon, S.: Empirics on the long-run effects of building energy codes in the housing market, in: Land Economics, Vol. 93 (4), November 2017, pp. 585-607
El-Shagi, M. / Kelly, L.J.: For They Know Not What They Do – Monetary Policy During the Great Moderation, Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 24 (10) (2017), pp. 717-721
Chiang, T.-F. / Xiao, J.J.: Household Characteristics and the Change of Financial Risk Tolerance during the Financial Crisis in the US, in: International Journal of Consumer Studies, Vol. 41 (5), September 2017, pp. 484–493
Ghosh, S. / Lien, D. and Yamarik, S.: Does the Confucius Institute Network Impact Cultural Distance? A Panel Data Analysis of Cross-Border Flows in and out of China, in: Asian Economic Journal, Vol. 31 (3) 2017, pp. 299–323
Kapounek, S. / Kučerová, Z. / Fidrmuc, J.: Lending conditions in EU: The role of credit demand and supply, in: Economic Modelling, Vol. 67, December 2017, pp. 285-293
Li, X. / Chen, P. / Wang, X.: Impacts of renewables and socioeconomic factors on electric vehicle demands – Panel data studies across 14 countries, in: Energy Policy, Vol. 107, October 2017, pp. 473-478
El-Shagi, M. / Lindner, A. / von Schweinitz, Gregor: Real Effective Exchange Rate Misalignment in the Euro Area: A Counterfactual Analysis, in: Review of International Economics, 24 (1), 37-66, 2016
Fidrmuc, Jan / Fidrmuc, Jarko: Foreign Languages and Trade: Evidence from a Natural Experiment, in: Empirical Economics, 50 (1), 31-49, February 2016
El-Shagi, M. / Giesen, S. / Jung, A.: Revisiting the relative forecast performances of Fed staff and private forecasters: A dynamic approach, in: International Journal of Forecasting, 32 (2), 313-323, 2016
El-Shagi, M. / von Schweinitz, G.: The Diablo 3 Economy: An Agent Based Approach, in: Computational Economics, 47 (2), 193-217, 2016
Dong, B. / Guo, G. / Wang, F. / Qian, X.: Capacity Constraint, Merger Paradox and Welfare-improving Pro-Merger Policy, in: Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Vol. 57, No. 1 (June 2016), pp. 1-26
Dong, B. / Song, H. / Qian, X.: International R&D Collaboration and Strategic Trade Policy, Review of Development Economics, Vol. 20 (1), pp. 250-260
Dong, B. / Wang, F. / Guo, Y.: The Global EKCs, in: International Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 43, Issue C, 210-221
El-Shagi, M.; von Schweinitz, G.: The Qual VAR Revisited – Good Forecast, Bad Story, in: Journal of Applied Economics, Vol. 19 (2016), 2, pp. 293 – 322
Sheng, P. / Guo X.: The Long-run and Short-run Impacts of Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions, in: Economic Modelling, 53, 208-215, February 2016
Yang, J. / Zhang, T. / Sheng, P. / Shackman J.D.: Carbon dioxide emissions and interregional economic convergence in China, in: Economic Modelling, 52 (B), 672-680, February 2016,
Jung, K.M. / J.H. Pyun: International Reserves for Emerging Economies: A Liquidity Approach, in: Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 68, 230-257, 2016
Kim, J.-M. / Jung, H.: Linear time-varying regression with Copula–DCC–GARCH models for volatility, in: Economics Letters, Vol 145 (August 2016), pp. 262 - 265.
Kim, J.-M. / Jung, H.: Linear time-varying regression with Copula-DCC-GARCH models for volatility, in: Economics Letters, Vol 145, Aug 2016, pp. 262-265
Yamarik, S. / El-Shagi, M. / Yamashiro, G.: Does inequality lead to credit growth? Testing the Rajan hypothesis using state-level data, in: Economics Letters, 148, 63-67, 2016
Zhang, Y. / Palma A. M. / Xu Z.: Unintended effects of the Alabama HB 56 immigration law on crime: A preliminary analysis, in: Economics Letters, Vol 147, October 2016, pp. 68 - 71
Dong B. / Gong J. / Peng K. / Zhao Z.: Little Divergence: Evidence from the Cotton Textiles in Japan and China 1868-1930, in: Review of Development Economics, 19(4), 776-796, 2015
Choi S. M. / Wang Q.: Co-movement of the Chinese and U.S. Aggregate Stock Returns, Applied Economics, 47 (50), 2015
El-Shagi, M. / von Schweinitz, G.: Risk and Return - Is there an unholy cycle of ratings and yields?, in: Economics Letters, Vol. 129 (April 2015). pp. 49 - 51.
El-Shagi, M. / Jung, A.: Does the Greenspan Era Provide Evidence for Leadership in the FOMC?, in: Journal of Macroeconomics, 43, 173 - 190, 2015
El-Shagi, M. / Jung, A.: Have Minutes Helped Markets to Predict the MPC´s Monetary Policy Decisions?, in: European Journal of Political Economy, 39, 222 - 234, 2015
Chiang, T-.F- / Pan, J.N. / Huang, Jr-T.: Empirical Study of the Local Government Deficit, Land Finance and Real Estate Market in China, in: China Economic Review, 32, 57–67, 2015
Dong, B. / Zhou, T.: A Moral Hazard Model of Parental Care, in: Hacienda Pública Española / Review of Public Economics, 207,101-115, 4/2013
Dong B. / Huang B. / Gu X.: Inequality, Saving and Global Imbalances: A New Theory with Evidence from OECD and Asia Countries, in: The World Economy, 38 (1), 110-135, 2015
Xie W. / Sheng P. / Guo X.: Coal, Oil, and Clean Energy: Which Contributes Most to the Low Energy Efficiency in China, in: Utilities Policy, 35, 2015, pp. 67-71
B. Dong / J. Gong: Velocity of Money and Economic Development in Medieval China: The case of Northern Song, Review of Development Economics, 18 (2): 203-217, 2014
Liu N. / Ye X. / Yang H. / Li Y. / Leipnik M.: Manufacturing firm heterogeneity and regional economic growth difference in China. Regional Science Policy and Practice, 6(2): 21 213–230, 2014
Dong B. / Wang Y.: A Preemptive Model of Value Destroying Mergers, in: Journal of Economics, 113: 187-204, 2014
Dong B. / Li X.: Estimating Outage Costs in China: a modified Tobit Model, in: Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 50 (5), 141–152, 2014
Dong B. / Wang F. / An C. / Yin X.: China's Structural Change: A new SDA model, in: Economic Modelling, (43): 279-292, 2014
Sheng, P. / Yang, J.: Low-energy development in China, in: Applied Economics Letters, 21 (9), 617-621, 2014
Dong, B. / Wang, F.Y. / Guo, G.: Dynamic Moral Hazard and Executive Stock Options, in: Pacific Economic Review, 18(2): 259-279, 2013
Dong, B.: Cost-Based Antidumping as A Repeated Game, in: Economic Record, 89, 95-105, 2013
Schiff M. / Wang Y: North–South Trade-related Technology Diffusion and Productivity Growth: Are Small States Different?, in: International Economic Journal, 27 (3), 2013
Wang, Y.: Foreign Acquisition, Domestic Acquisition and Plant Survival, in: International Journal of the Economics of Business, 20 (3), 307-324, 2013
Xu G. / Song D.: An Empirical Study on the Environmental Kuznets Curve for China's Carbon Emissions: Based on Provincial Panel Data, in: Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 9 (3), 2011
Hou, J: Economic Reform of China: Cause and effects, in: Social Science Journal, 48 (3): 419 - 439, September 2011
Hou, J.: The aging of the Chinese population and the cost of health care, in: Social Science Journal, 48 (3), 514-526, September 2011
Hou. J: The role of the state in structural transition and economic crisis, in: Social Science Journal, 48 (1), 1-12, January 2011
Publications in Refereed Journals (ordered by years)
2017 Symposium of Development and Institutional Economics
The Fifth Annual International Symposium on Quantitative History
3rd HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics 2017
Workshop: International Perspective of Financial and Fiscal Challenges for China under "New Normal"
Workshop: International Perspective of Financial and Fiscal Challenges for China under "New Normal", 17 June 2016
2nd HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics (2016)
2nd HenU / INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics, 18-19 March 2016
2015 Henan Symposium on Development and Institutional Economics
2015 Henan Symposium on Development and Institutional Economics
1st HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics (2015)
1st HenU / INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
2018 Workshop on Long-Run Development
2018 Workshop on Long-Run Development
4th HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
5th HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
5th HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
6th HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
6th HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
3rd HenU / INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics (2017)
2017 Symposium of Development and Institutional Economics
The Fifth Annual International Symposium on Quantitative History
4th HenU/INFER Workshop on Applied Macroeconomics
Academic Programs
Undergraduate Programs
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Police Brutality: Policeman Shoots & Kill A Driver In Ekiti State Because Of N50 - Graphic Photos
I'm indeed dumbfounded considering the lawlessness and the antics of the law enforcement agency in Nigeria. Everybody is clamoring #EndSARS now because of their inhumane treatment to innocent individuals on the road and their parent force, NPF is no different.
In fact SARS seems to get all the attention because their antics is way beyond what people can bear. Its appalling. A Facebook user @ Michael shared this information this morning on how police officer killed a driver just because of N50
See below...
'Reports spreading round from my home state in Oye Ekiti to be precise indicates the evil act of the men of the clueless, heartless and uncivilized men Nigeria PoliceForce again. It was stated the driver was shut because he refused in giving just 50naira. What a tragedy?
The concerned stake holders must do something on this.
The young activists in the area must take meaningful action.
The Governor must take action.
This is totally inhuman'

subset: commoncrawl


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American International Group, the world's largest insurer, the world's largest insurer, swung to a fourth-quarter loss, hurt by a write-down of derivatives exposed to bad mortgage investments.
AIG said on Thursday its fourth-quarter loss was $5.29 bllion, or $2.08 a share, compared with a profit of $3.44 billion, or $1.31 a share, in the year-ago quarter.
Shares of AIG , a Dow component, closed lower Thursday. The results came out after the bell.
Over the past 8 quarters, AIG has beat expectations 4 times and missed expectations 4 times. The stock has averaged a loss of 0.7% one day after reporting results, and a gain of 0.7% after one week.


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- The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
- Source: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 15, Issue 6, 1 Nov 1966, p. 997 - 1002
Studies of Diarrheal Disease in Central America
X. Associated Chickenpox, Diarrhea and Kwashiorkor in a Highland Guatemalan Village*
Chickenpox occurred at an early age under conditons of Guatemalan rural village life, much more in preschool than school children and notably in the first two years of life. Acute diarrheal disease was a complication in 29 of 50 patients less than 5 years old. It was not observed in school children or adolescents. Among preschool children with chickenpox whose weight for age was above the community average, 12.5% developed diarrhea compared with 80% among the malnourished.
Chickenpox had a measurable deteriorating effect on nutritional state as judged by altered protein metabolism and loss of weight during the attack. In the presence of a complicating diarrhea, the infection precipitated kwashiorkor in 5 of 27 patients with pre-existing malnutrition, of whom one died. As generally mild an infectious disease as chickenpox has the capacity to interact synergistically with malnutrition to produce serious disability. The effect is exaggerated when chickenpox is the end event in a series of infectious diseases.


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Bicameralism (psychology)
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Bicameralism[Note 1] (the condition of being divided into "two-chambers") is a controversial hypothesis in psychology and neuroscience which argues that the human mind once operated in a state in which cognitive functions were divided between one part of the brain which appears to be "speaking", and a second part which listens and obeys—a bicameral mind, and that the evolutionary breakdown of this division gave rise to consciousness in humans. The term was coined by Julian Jaynes, who presented the idea in his 1976 book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind,[1] wherein he made the case that a bicameral mentality was the normal and ubiquitous state of the human mind as recently as 3,000 years ago, near the end of the Mediterranean bronze age.
The Origin of Consciousness[edit]
Jaynes uses governmental bicameralism as a metaphor to describe a mental state in which the experiences and memories of the right hemisphere of the brain are transmitted to the left hemisphere via auditory hallucinations. The metaphor is based on the idea of lateralization of brain function although each half of a normal human brain is constantly communicating with the other through the corpus callosum. The metaphor is not meant to imply that the two halves of the bicameral brain were "cut off" from each other but that the bicameral mind was experienced as a different, non-conscious mental schema wherein volition in the face of novel stimuli was mediated through a linguistic control mechanism and experienced as auditory verbal hallucination.
Bicameral mentality[edit]
Bicameral mentality would be non-conscious in its inability to reason and articulate about mental contents through meta-reflection, reacting without explicitly realizing and without the meta-reflective ability to give an account of why one did so. The bicameral mind would thus lack metaconsciousness, autobiographical memory, and the capacity for executive "ego functions" such as deliberate mind-wandering and conscious introspection of mental content. When bicamerality as a method of social control was no longer adaptive in complex civilizations, this mental model was replaced by the conscious mode of thought which, Jaynes argued, is grounded in the acquisition of metaphorical language learned by exposure to narrative practice.
According to Jaynes, ancient people in the bicameral state of mind would have experienced the world in a manner that has some similarities to that of a person with schizophrenia. Rather than making conscious evaluations in novel or unexpected situations, the person would hallucinate a voice or "god" giving admonitory advice or commands and obey without question: One would not be at all conscious of one's own thought processes per se. Jaynes's hypothesis is offered as a possible explanation of "command hallucinations" that often direct the behavior of those afflicted by first rank symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as other voice hearers.[2]
Jaynes's evidence[edit]
Jaynes built a case for this hypothesis that human brains existed in a bicameral state until as recently as 3,000 years ago by citing evidence from many diverse sources including historical literature. He took an interdisciplinary approach, drawing data from many different fields.[3] Jaynes asserted that, until roughly the times written about in Homer's Iliad, humans did not generally have the self-awareness characteristic of consciousness as most people experience it today. Rather, the bicameral individual was guided by mental commands believed to be issued by external "gods"—commands which were recorded in ancient myths, legends and historical accounts. This is exemplified not only in the commands given to characters in ancient epics but also the very muses of Greek mythology which "sang" the poems. According to Jaynes, the ancients literally heard muses as the direct source of their music and poetry.
Jaynes asserts that in the Iliad and sections of the Old Testament no mention is made of any kind of cognitive processes such as introspection, and there is no apparent indication that the writers were self-aware. Jaynes suggests, the older portions of the Old Testament (such as the Book of Amos) have few or none of the features of some later books of the Old Testament (such as Ecclesiastes) as well as later works such as Homer's Odyssey, which show indications of a profoundly different kind of mentality—an early form of consciousness.[3]
In ancient times, Jaynes noted, gods were generally much more numerous and much more anthropomorphic than in modern times, and speculates that this was because each bicameral person had their own "god" who reflected their own desires and experiences.[4]
He also noted that in ancient societies the corpses of the dead were often treated as though still alive (being seated, dressed, and even fed) as a form of ancestor worship, and Jaynes argued that the dead bodies were presumed to be still living and the source of auditory hallucinations.[3] This adaptation to the village communities of 100 individuals or more formed the core of religion. Unlike today's hallucinations, the voices of ancient times were structured by cultural norms to produce a seamlessly functioning society.
Jaynes inferred that these "voices" came from the right brain counterparts of the left brain language centres; specifically, the counterparts to Wernicke's area and Broca's area. These regions are somewhat dormant in the right brains of most modern humans, but Jaynes noted that some studies show that auditory hallucinations correspond to increased activity in these areas of the brain.[3]
Jaynes notes that even at the time of publication there is no consensus as to the cause or origins of schizophrenia. Jaynes argues that schizophrenia is a vestige of humanity's earlier bicameral state.[3] Recent evidence shows that many schizophrenics do not just hear random voices but experience "command hallucinations" instructing their behavior or urging them to commit certain acts.[full citation needed]
As support for Jaynes's argument, these command hallucinations are little different from the commands from gods which feature prominently in ancient stories.[3] Indirect evidence supporting Jaynes's theory that hallucinations once played an important role in human mentality can be found in the recent book Muses, Madmen, and Prophets: Rethinking the History, Science, and Meaning of Auditory Hallucination by Daniel Smith.[5]
Breakdown of bicameralism[edit]
Jaynes theorized that a shift from bicameralism marked the beginning of introspection and consciousness as we know it today. According to Jaynes, this bicameral mentality began malfunctioning or "breaking down" during the 2nd millennium BCE. He speculates that primitive ancient societies tended to collapse periodically: for example, Egypt's Intermediate Periods, as well as the periodically vanishing cities of the Mayas, as changes in the environment strained the socio-cultural equilibria sustained by this bicameral mindset.
The Bronze age collapse of the 2nd millennium BCE led to mass migrations and created a rash of unexpected situations and stresses which required ancient minds to become more flexible and creative. Self-awareness, or consciousness, was the culturally evolved solution to this problem. This necessity of communicating commonly observed phenomena among individuals who shared no common language or cultural upbringing encouraged those communities to become self-aware to survive in a new environment. Thus consciousness, like bicamerality, emerged as a neurological adaptation to social complexity in a changing world.[citation needed]
Jaynes further argues that divination, prayer, and oracles arose during this breakdown period, in an attempt to summon instructions from the "gods" whose voices could no longer be heard.[3] The consultation of special bicamerally operative individuals, or of divination by casting lots and so forth, was a response to this loss, a transitional era depicted, for example, in the book of 1 Samuel. It was also evidenced in children who could communicate with the gods, but as their neurology was set by language and society they gradually lost that ability. Those who continued prophesying, being bicameral according to Jaynes, could be killed.[6][7] Leftovers of the bicameral mind today, according to Jaynes, include mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and the hallucinations present in patients with split brain syndrome.
Popular reception[edit]
An early (1977) reviewer considered Jaynes's hypothesis worthy and offered conditional support, arguing the notion deserves further study.[8][9]
The Origin of Consciousness was financially successful, and has been reprinted several times.
Originally published in 1976,[10] it was nominated for the National Book Award in 1978. It has been translated into Italian, Spanish, German, French, and Persian.[citation needed] A new edition, with an afterword that addressed some criticisms and restated the main themes, was published in the United States in 1990 and in the United Kingdom (by Penguin Books) in 1993,[11] re-issued in 2000.[12]
Philip K. Dick, Terrence McKenna, and David Bowie all cited the book as an influence.[13]
Scholarly reactions[edit]
Jaynes's hypothesis remains controversial. The primary scientific criticism has been that the conclusions drawn by Jaynes had no basis in neuropsychiatric fact.[14]
According to Jaynes, language is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for consciousness: language existed thousands of years earlier, but consciousness could not have emerged without language.[15] The idea that language is a necessary component of subjective consciousness and more abstract forms of thinking has gained the support of proponents including Andy Clark, Daniel Dennett, William H. Calvin, Merlin Donald, John Limber, Howard Margolis, Peter Carruthers, and José Luis Bermúdez.[16]
Williams (2010)[17] defended Jaynes against the criticism of Block (1981).[18][clarification needed]
Asaad & Shapiro (1987)[19] questioned why Jaynes's theory was left out of a discussion on auditory hallucinations. The author's (1987) published response was: ... Jaynes' hypothesis makes for interesting reading and stimulates much thought in the receptive reader. It does not, however, adequately explain one of the central mysteries of madness: hallucination. (Moffic, 1987)[14] However Moffic's claim that there is no evidence for involvement of the right temporal lobe in auditory hallucination was incorrect, even at the time that he wrote it.[20][21] More recently, a number of studies have provided more evidence of involvement of the right hemisphere in auditory hallucinations. The new evidence for Jaynes's model of auditory hallucinations arising in the right temporal-parietal lobe and being transmitted to the left temporal-parietal lobe that these neuroimaging studies provide was specifically pointed out by Olin (1999)[22] and by Sher (2000).[23] For further discussion, see Marcel Kuijsten (2007).[24]
Brian J. McVeigh, a graduate student of Jaynes, maintains that many of the most frequent criticisms of Jaynes's theory are either incorrect or reflect serious misunderstandings of Jaynes's theory, especially Jaynes's more precise definition of consciousness. Jaynes defines consciousness—in the tradition of Locke and Descartes—as "that which is introspectable". Jaynes draws a sharp distinction between consciousness ("introspectable mind-space") and other mental processes such as cognition, learning, sensation, and perception. McVeigh argues that this distinction is frequently not recognized by those offering critiques of Jaynes's theory.[25]
Individual scholars' comments[edit]
Richard Dawkins in The God Delusion (2006) wrote of The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind:
It is one of those books that is either complete rubbish or a work of consummate genius; Nothing in between! Probably the former, but I'm hedging my bets.[26]
The philosopher Daniel Dennett suggested that Jaynes may have been wrong about some of his supporting arguments – especially the importance he attached to hallucinations – but that these things are not essential to his main thesis:[27]
If we are going to use this top-down approach, we are going to have to be bold. We are going to have to be speculative, but there is good and bad speculation, and this is not an unparalleled activity in science. ... Those scientists who have no taste for this sort of speculative enterprise will just have to stay in the trenches and do without it, while the rest of us risk embarrassing mistakes and have a lot of fun. — Daniel Dennett[28]
Gregory Cochran, a physicist and adjunct professor of anthropology at the University of Utah, wrote:
Genes affecting personality, reproductive strategies, cognition, are all able to change significantly over few-millennia time scales if the environment favors such change—and this includes the new environments we have made for ourselves, things like new ways of making a living and new social structures. ... There is evidence that such change has occurred. ... On first reading, Breakdown seemed one of the craziest books ever written, but Jaynes may have been on to something.[29]
Author and historian of science Morris Berman writes: "[Jaynes's] description of this new consciousness is one of the best I have come across."[30]
Danish science writer Tor Nørretranders discusses Jaynes's theory favorably in his 1991 book.[31][vague]
Iain McGilchrist, who published a similar idea, accepts Jaynes's intention, but proposes that Jaynes's hypothesis was the opposite of what happened:
I believe he [Jaynes] got one important aspect of the story back to front. His contention that the phenomena he describes came about because of a breakdown of the 'bicameral mind' – so that the two hemispheres, previously separate, now merged – is the precise inverse of what happened.[32]:262
Issues with Jaynes's proposal[edit]
Epic of Gilgamesh as a counter-example[edit]
As an argument against Jaynes's proposed date of the transition from bicameralism to consciousness, some critics have referred to the Epic of Gilgamesh.[citation needed] Early copies of the epic are many centuries older[33] than even the oldest passages of the Old Testament,[34] and yet it describes introspection and other mental processes that, according to Jaynes, were impossible for the bicameral mind.
Jaynes noted that the most complete version of the Gilgamesh epic dates to post-bicameral times (7th century BCE), dismisses these instances of introspection as the result of rewriting and expansion by later conscious scribes, and points to differences between the more recent version of Gilgamesh and surviving fragments of earlier versions: "The most interesting comparison is in Tablet X."[12]:252 His answer, however, does not deal with the generally accepted dating of the "Standard Version" of the Gilgamesh epic to the later 2nd millennium BCE, nor does it account for the introspection characteristic of the "Standard Version" being thoroughly rooted in the Old Babylonian and Sumerian versions, especially as historians' understanding of the Old Babylonian poem improves.[33][34][35]
Simultaneous, world-wide transition[edit]
Jaynes's proposal does not explain how bicameralism could have been lost at the same time across the entire human species. The indigenous Australian culture was completely separated from the rest of the world from 4000 BCE to 1600 CE, yet appears today to be both historically unchanged and self-conscious.[citation needed]
Pre-transition divination[edit]
Divination is also considerably older than that date and the early writings he claims show bicamerality: The oldest recorded Chinese Writing was on oracle bones, meaning that divination arose at the same time or even earlier than writing in Chinese society.[36][failed verification]
Recent cultural ancestor-worship[edit]
While he said ancient societies engaged in ancestor worship before this date, non-ancient societies also engaged in it after that date; very advanced societies like the Aztecs and Egyptians mummified and deified rulers (see Pyramids and the philosopher Nezahualcoyotl). The Aztecs and Incans did so all the way up to their conquest by the Spanish.[citation needed]
Sense of agency dependent on lateralization[edit]
It is now known[citation needed] that the sense of agency is closely connected with lateralization: The left parietal lobe is active when visualizing actions by the self, while the right parietal lobe is active for actions by others. Additionally, Wernicke's area processes the literal meaning of language, while the homologous region in the right hemisphere processes the intent of a speaker.
It has been found[citation needed] that people with damage to the right inferior parietal cortex experience alien hand syndrome, as do people who have had a corpus callosotomy. This reverses the relationship between the right and left hemispheres posited by Jaynes's proposed bicameralism: It is the left hemisphere that is responsible for speech and the right hemisphere that is responsible for self-awareness.[citation needed]
Similar ideas[edit]
V. S. Ramachandran, in his 2003 book The Emerging Mind, proposes a similar concept, referring to the left cortical hemisphere as an "apologist", and the right cortical hemisphere as a "revolutionary".[citation needed]
In his book Neuroreality: A Scientific Religion to Restore Meaning, or How 7 Brain Elements Create 7 Minds and 7 Realities, Bruce E. Morton, formerly of the University of Hawaii, similarly proposed such a concept.[citation needed]
Psychiatrist Iain McGilchrist reviews scientific research into the role of the brain's hemispheres, and cultural evidence, in his book The Master and His Emissary.[32] Similar to Jaynes, McGilchrist proposes that since the time of Plato the left hemisphere of the brain (the "emissary" in the title) has increasingly taken over from the right hemisphere (the "master"), to our detriment. McGilchrist, while accepting Jayne's intention, felt that Jaynes's hypothesis was "the precise inverse of what happened" and that rather than a shift from bicameralism there evolved a separation of the hemispheres to bicameralism.[32] (See McGilchrist quotation, above.)
Michael Gazzaniga pioneered the split-brain experiments which led him to propose a similar theory called the left brain interpreter.
Neuroscientist Michael Persinger, who co-invented the "God helmet" in the 1980s, believes that his invention may induce mystical experiences by having the separate right hemisphere consciousness intrude into the awareness of the normally-dominant left hemisphere.[37] Scientific reproductions have shown that the same results could be obtained even if the device was turned off, indicating the participants were likely experiencing placebo.
In popular culture[edit]
- In literature, the 1992 novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson involves an attempt to return humans to their bicameral, pre-conscious state. It contains some of the illustrations used in Jaynes's book. Stephenson's first novel, The Big U, also contains references to bicameralism as an explanation for cult-like behavior among some of the titular university's students and teachers.
- The 2005 novel Human Traces by Sebastian Faulks also contains themes of bicameralism.
- Terence Hawkins's 2009 novel, The Rage of Achilles, is based on Jaynes's notion that present-day consciousness arose during the time depicted in the Iliad. He describes a time of painful transition, in which some characters are fully in thrall to command hallucinations, a few are truly modern, and most in-between.
- Bicameralism is a theme in the 1997 Anarky comic book limited series, as well as in the Neo-Tech philosophy that inspired it.[citation needed]
- In 2016, the science-fiction television series Westworld invoked bicameralism as the model for the development of consciousness in its "host" androids, as represented in the season 1 finale "The Bicameral Mind".
- The 2020 single In Birdsong by art rock band Everything Everything uses the notion of a transition from pre to post bicameralism as a metaphor for a sudden moment of clarity upon hearing birdsong.[38]
See also[edit]
- Alien hand syndrome
- Behavioral modernity
- Brain asymmetry
- Cognitive neuroscience
- Divided consciousness
- Dual consciousness
- Exformation
- FOXP2, a gene that is implicated in the development of language skills.
- Laterality
- Lateralization of brain function
- Left brain interpreter
- Mind-body problem
- Mythopoeic thought
- Neurotheology
- Parallel computing
- Philosophy of mind
- Society of Mind
- Split-brain
- System 1 and System 2
- Theory of mind
Other resources[edit]
The Julian Jaynes Society was founded by supporters of bicameralism in 1997, shortly after Jaynes's death. The society published a collection of essays on bicameralism in 2007, with contributors including psychological anthropologist Brian J. McVeigh, psychologists John Limber and Scott Greer, clinical psychologist John Hamilton, philosophers Jan Sleutels and David Stove, and sinologist Michael Carr (see shi "personator"). The book also contains an extensive biography of Julian Jaynes by historian of psychology William Woodward and June Tower, and a foreword by neuroscientist Michael Persinger.[39]
- ^ This ambiguous title is a corruption of the author's original terms "bicamerality" and "bicameral mind".
- ^ "The Bicameral Mind with Joe McCormick". Stuff They Don't Want You to Know. 2017-11-24. Retrieved 2017-11-27.
- ^ Erkwoh, R. (2002). "Command Hallucinations: Who Obeys and Who Resists When?". Psychopathology. 35: 272–279. doi:10.1159/000067065.
- ^ a b c d e f g Kuijsten, Marcel (1998–2006). "Summary of Evidence". Retrieved 2006-05-22.
- ^ Stove, D.C. (April 1989). "The Oracles & Their Cessation". Encounter. 72 (4): 30–38. ISSN 0013-7073.
- ^ Smith, Daniel (2007). Muses, Madmen, and Prophets: Rethinking the history, science, and meaning of auditory hallucination. ISBN 1-59420-110-2.
- ^ Jaynes, Julian (2000) [1976]. The origin of consciousness in the breakdown of the bicameral mind (PDF). Houghton Mifflin. p. 221. ISBN 0-618-05707-2.
- ^ "Zechariah". biblegateway.com. 13: 2-3.
- ^ Keen, Sam (November 1977). "Julian Jaynes: Portrait of the Psychologist as a Maverick Theorizer". Psychology Today. Vol. 11. pp. 66–67.
- ^ Keen, Sam (November 1977). "The Lost Voices of the Gods (Interview with Julian Jaynes)". Psychology Today. Vol. 11. pp. 58–60.
- ^ Jaynes, Julian (1976). The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. ISBN 0-395-20729-0.
- ^ Jaynes, Julian (2000) [1993]. The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-14-017491-5.
- ^ a b Jaynes, Julian (2000) [1976]. The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (PDF). Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-05707-2.
- ^ "Voice-hearing and the bicameral mind". Philosophy for Life. Archived from the original on 2018-01-26. Retrieved 2018-01-25.
- ^ a b Moffic, H. Steven (May 1987). "What about the bicameral mind?". American Journal of Psychiatry. 144 (5). doi:10.1176/ajp.144.5.696a.
- ^ Jaynes, Julian (2000) [1976]. The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind (PDF). Houghton Mifflin. p. 66. ISBN 0-618-05707-2.
- ^ Kuijsten, Marcel (2007). Reflections on the Dawn of Consciousness: Julian Jaynes's bicameral mind theory revisited. Julian Jaynes Society. pp. 96–100, 169–202. ISBN 0-9790744-0-1.
- ^ Williams, Gary (2010). "What is it like to be nonconscious? A defense of Julian Jaynes". Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. 10: 217–239. doi:10.1007/s11097-010-9181-z.
- ^ Block, N (1981). "Review of Julian Jayne's Origins of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind". Cognition and Brain Theory. 4: 81–83.
- ^ Asaad G, Shapiro B (Sep 1986). "Hallucinations: Theoretical and clinical overview". American Journal of Psychiatry. 143 (9): 1088–1097. doi:10.1176/ajp.143.9.1088. PMID 2875662.
- ^ Buchsbaum, MS; Ingvar, DH; Kessler, R; et al. (1982). "Cerebral glucography with positron tomography: Use in normal subjects and in patients with wchizophrenia". Archives of General Psychiatry. 39 (3): 251–259. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290030001001. PMID 6978119.
- ^ Kuijsten, Marcel (2009). "New evidence for Jaynes's neurological model: A research update". The Jaynesian. 3: 1.
- ^ Olin, Robert (1999). "Auditory hallucinations and the bicameral mind". Lancet. 354 (9173): 166. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75304-6. PMID 10408523.
- ^ Sher, Leo (May 2000). "Neuroimaging, auditory hallucinations, and the bicameral mind". Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience. 25 (3): 239–240. PMC 1407719. PMID 10863883.
- ^ Kuijsten, Marcel (2007). Reflections on the Dawn of Consciousness: Julian Jaynes' bicameral mind theory revisited. Julian Jaynes Society. pp. 116–120. ISBN 0-9790744-0-1.
- ^ McVeigh, Brian (2007). "Elephants in the Psychology Department: Overcoming intellectual barriers to understanding Julian Jaynes's theory". Julian Jaynes Society.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 377–378. ISBN 1-4303-1230-0.
- ^ Dennett, Daniel (1986). "Julian Jaynes's software archeology". Canadian Psychology. 27 (2).
- ^ Dennett, Daniel (1998). "Julian Jaynes's software archeology". Brainchildren: Essays on Designing Minds.[page needed]
- ^ "What is your dangerous idea?". Edge Foundation. 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-03-06. Retrieved 2008-02-19.
- ^ Berman, Morris (2000). Wandering God: A study in nomadic spirituality. ISBN 0-7914-4442-2.
- ^ Nørretranders, Tor (1991). User Illusion: Cutting consciousness down to size. ISBN 0-7139-9182-8.
- ^ a b c McGilchrist, Iain (2009). The Master and his Emissary. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-14878-X.
- ^ a b Dalley, Stephanie, ed. (2008). Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others. Oxford University Press. pp. 41–42, 45. ISBN 978-0-19-953836-2.
- ^ a b Mitchell, T.C. (1988). The Bible in the British Museum. The British Museum Press. p. 70.
- ^ For a through overview of the current understanding of the Gilgamesh Epic's textual history, see:
George, A. R. (2003). The Babylonian Gilgamesh Epic: Introduction, critical edition, and cuneiform texts. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-927841-1. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
- ^ "Oldest Chinese writing".
- ^ Persinger, M.A. (1993). "Vectorial cerebral hemisphericity as differential sources for the sensed presence, mystical experiences and religious conversions". Perceptual and Motor Skills. 76 (3 Part 1): 915–30. doi:10.2466/pms.1922.214.171.1245. PMID 8321608.
- ^ https://www.nme.com/news/music/everything-everything-return-with-new-single-in-birdsong-their-first-in-two-years-2652658
- ^ Kuijsten, Marcel (2007). Reflections on the Dawn of Consciousness: Julian Jaynes's bicameral mind theory revisited. Julian Jaynes Society. ISBN 0-9790744-0-1.
External links[edit]
- "Julian Jaynes Society website".
- Weijers, Erik. "The Origin of consciousness: Summary, selected quotes and review".
- Cavanna AE, Trimble M, Cinti F, Monaco F. "The "bicameral mind" 30 years on: a critical reappraisal of Julian Jaynes' hypothesis". Cite journal requires
- "The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind". Good Reads website.
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text:
With $88.4 billion in annual sales, Boeing (NYSE:BA) is easily the biggest plane maker on the planet, outselling archrival Airbus (OTC:EADSY) by nearly 10%. But is bigger better?
Today we're going to take a quick look at Boeing not from the perspective of whether it's a successful business (which it clearly is). Instead, we'll be asking whether Boeing stock is likely to turn into a successful investment for small investors like you and me.
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They like you! They really like you, Boeing!
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According to Airfarewatchdog, nearly three in four respondents polled said they'd rather travel with Boeing than in competing models from Boeing rivals Airbus or Embraer (NYSE:ERJ). Indeed, out of the top seven planes ranked by fliers, six of them were Boeings. Here they are in order:
- Boeing 777 (in first place)
- Boeing 747 (in second)
- The Boeing 787 Dreamliner (skipping a beat to land at fourth place)
- And followed in quick succession by the Boeing 737, 767, and 757, in that order
Boasting a product catalog that includes both the world's "fastest selling" airplane in history (the 787) and also its "best selling" airplane over time (the 737), it's no wonder that Boeing got some planes on Airfarewatchdog's list. But six out of the top seven?
That doesn't happen by accident. And it bodes well for Boeing's continued success in the future.
Boeing is winning the orders race, and the deliveries race, too
As long-term investors, we like to invest in companies that succeed over the long term. And Boeing, whose roots stretch back nearly a century to its founding in 1916 (let's give a nod here to S&P Capital IQ for supplying the date), has been a star of the aerospace and defense industry for a very long time. But there's also good reason to expect Boeing stock to succeed in the short and medium term as well -- time frames more relevant to today's investors.
How do we know this? Because every month, Boeing and Airbus provide investors with near real-time updates on how their businesses are going -- and at last report, Boeing was winning. Big time.
The most recent data show that when Boeing is beating Airbus on both new orders received this year, and deliveries of aircraft ordered in years past. Through the end of July, Boeing added 783 net new orders (that's "gross" orders minus cancellations) to its order book for 2014, versus only 705 net new orders for Airbus, eclipsing its rival by 11%. Boeing has also delivered 400 planes to its customers so far this year -- 14% more than Airbus can boast.
Think that number might mean that Boeing is running out of airplanes to build?
Far from it. In fact, according to Boeing's July filing with the SEC, the company still has more than 5,200 airplanes on order at its Commercial Aircraft division. That's $377 billion worth of business "in the bag." And it's not even counting backlog at the company's other divisions. Add them all up, and total backlog at the company is valued at $440 billion, or about five years' worth of work at Boeing's current annual revenue rate.
Boeing busted the union
Perhaps the best reason to think Boeing will prosper in the years to come, though, is also the least politically correct: Boeing busted the union.
Late last year, in a Machiavellian gambit playing on worker fears that Boeing might shift "777X" airliner production away from Seattle, Boeing presented its International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers union with an ultimatum: Either sign on to a new 10-year contract that first freezes, then eliminates, worker defined benefit pensions (and holds wage hikes to about one half of one percent per year through 2024) -- or Boeing would take its business elsewhere.
In January, the union blinked, voting to ensure Boeing would keep their jobs in Seattle, and accepting the benefits cuts and meager wage increases as necessary evils.
For Boeing shareholders, though, this vote was an unalloyed good. For the next 10 years, Boeing has a firm grip on the rate at which its costs will rise, and can operate free from fears that its union might call a strike (such as the one that derailed Dreamliner production in 2008). As Boeing Commercial Airplanes President and CEO Ray Conner said at the time: "Thanks to this vote by our employees, the future of Boeing in the Puget Sound region has never looked brighter."
Boeing shareholders probably couldn't agree more.


text:
Understanding metabolic syndrome, which is estimated to affect 35 percent of adults and 10 percent of adolescents in the U.S., is important for recognizing chronic disease risk and for communicating the multidimensional role of a healthy lifestyle. As a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome doubles the risk of heart disease and increases risk of Type 2 diabetes five-fold. Research also ties metabolic syndrome to increased risk of several cancers, including colorectal, liver, endometrial and postmenopausal breast cancers, and more aggressive forms of prostate cancer. Furthermore, metabolic syndrome may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia.
Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome
A diagnosis of metabolic syndrome requires presence of, or undergoing drug treatment for, three or more of these parameters related to blood pressure, glucose levels, HDL cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels and waist circumference:
- fasting blood sugar of 100 mg/dl or more
- elevated blood pressure of 130 mm Hg or higher systolic and/or 85 mm Hg or higher diastolic
- low HDL cholesterol of less than 40 mg/dl in men or 50 mg/dl in women
- high blood triglycerides of 150 mg/dl or more
- elevated waist circumference (for most people in the U.S., at least 40 inches [102 cm] in men and at least 35 inches [88 cm] in women)
Of these factors, waist size may be the most confusing. For example, an international consensus definition uses population- and country-specific waist circumference thresholds that are lower for populations that tend to have more visceral body fat at lower waist size than other groups.
Insulin resistance also plays a central role in metabolic syndrome. Whereas normally after a meal the body goes into "storage mode" — decreasing the breakdown of fat and promoting glucose uptake — insulin resistance disrupts these processes. Uptake by muscle and fat cells is hindered, resulting in elevated blood sugar, while in the liver, insulin's normal "cue" to turn off glucose production is muted.
The combination of decreased uptake of blood glucose in fat and muscle cells and increased production in the liver promotes hyperglycemia, which triggers increased insulin production, continuing this vicious cycle.
Additionally, because fat breakdown isn't properly reduced, circulating free fatty acid levels rise. These are drawn into the liver, promoting triglyceride production and ultimately increasing risk of both cardiovascular disease from abnormal blood lipids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease from excessive fat storage.
Insulin resistance can lead to Type 2 diabetes, as the pancreas ultimately fails to produce enough insulin to keep up with increased needs. In addition, insulin resistance can promote hypertension by increased constriction of blood vessels and effects on hormonal and sympathetic nervous system regulation of blood pressure.
Emerging Evidence on Body Fat and Physical Activity
The days of envisioning body fat merely as a storage depot are gone. Body fat, especially visceral fat deep within the abdomen, produces hormones and signaling proteins, including some that promote low-grade inflammation linked to heart disease, cancer and other chronic diseases. Excess body fat also contains immune cells that contribute to inflammation. Current recommendations suggest a 5- to 10-percent weight loss target may be appropriate for overweight individuals. However, losing even 3 percent to 5 percent of body weight can produce clinically meaningful benefits in triglyceride levels and blood pressure for some people.
Regular physical activity supports the key strategy of long-term weight management. But it's a major paradigm shift to recognize that regular physical activity, even independent of weight loss, helps reduce metabolic syndrome and associated conditions. For example, exercise reduces insulin resistance and triggers uptake of blood sugar through carriers that don't depend on insulin. Today's evidence supports a two-part message of increasing moderate or vigorous physical activity and reducing sitting time.
Eating Patterns in Metabolic Syndrome
Traditional Mediterranean-style eating patterns, particularly when combined with physical activity, help reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome. Nutrient- and phytochemical-rich plant foods and healthful sources of fat may act together to reduce inflammation and insulin resistance and support antioxidant defenses and blood vessel function.
Diets emphasizing fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts and seeds also are associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome. Vegetarian and vegan diets appear to be especially protective. However, research suggests non-vegetarians who eat more plant foods also experience protective benefits compared to Western eating patterns high in meats, refined grains and sweets.
Paleo diets, which encourage eating vegetables, fruit, lean meat, fish, eggs and nuts and exclude dairy, grains, legumes and added salt and sugars, have comparatively less scientific support regarding metabolic syndrome.
Beyond the obvious (for example, people with insulin resistance whose carbohydrate comes mostly as refined grains and added sugars may benefit from eating less of them), one review showed greater reductions in waist circumference, triglycerides and blood pressure on paleo diets compared with heart-healthy diets that include whole grains and dairy.
Studies were small and short-term, and most tested advice without providing food. Recommendations should continue to focus on avoiding extremes and reducing less healthful carbohydrates — not eliminating all types.
Dietary Choices within a Varied Eating Patter for Metabolic Health
Research on specific food choices is ongoing, and several show potential links that merit further investigation.
- Whole grains: healthy blood pressure and insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory effects
- Vegetables and fruits: nutrients and phytochemicals that support antioxidant defenses and blood vessel health
- Fish (especially those rich in omega-3 fatty acids): consumption linked to lower levels of inflammation, healthy blood pressure and blood vessel function
- Nuts: consumption associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome, likely through effects on inflammation and oxidative stress; calorie-dense, so let them replace less nutritious foods rather than serve as dietary add-ons.
- Dairy: consumption linked to lower risk of metabolic syndrome components in several observational studies. Fermented dairy, such as yogurt, may provide additional benefits by providing probiotics.
- Coffee: phytochemicals that may reduce inflammation and insulin resistance
Practical Points for Discussing Headlines
Eating patterns that have been shown to reduce the risk for metabolic syndrome include multiple ways to reduce insulin resistance and inflammation and promote blood vessel function. Nutrients and phytochemicals support antioxidant defenses and normal hormonal and cell signaling, and low calorie density helps limit calories.
This is a simple sugar that comprises about half of table sugar and high-fructose corn syrup. Headlines that suggest avoiding fruit misinterpret findings from studies in animals or with large amounts of fructose, which have shown stimulation of fat production in the liver and increased blood triglycerides.
However, low doses of slowly digested fructose, as found in fruit, have minimal cardiometabolic effects. Further, fruits provide dietary fiber, antioxidants, potassium, vitamin C and phytochemicals — and, in healthful eating patterns, promote lower levels of metabolic syndrome risk factors. Instead, limit sugar-sweetened beverages to avoid excess calories and high amounts of added sugar that can trigger unhealthful metabolic cascades.
Glycemic Index
This metric, which identifies short-term effects on blood sugar, might seem like a good basis for selecting foods that reduce the risk for metabolic syndrome. However, blood sugar and insulin sensitivity depend on many variables, including overall fiber and fat content of a meal, as well as portion size and cooking method. Controlled clinical trials show that when calories are the same, weight loss does not necessarily improve by reducing dietary glycemic index.
Dietary Fat
Dietary fat may be protective when mono- and polyunsaturated fats replace saturated fat and refined carbohydrates, with controlled trials showing improvements in blood pressure, triglyceride levels and insulin sensitivity. However, unrefined plant foods like whole grains, legumes, vegetables and fruits provide many protective nutrients and phytochemicals. The potential benefits of replacing carbohydrates from those foods are unclear and may vary among individuals.
Consumption of alcohol also may affect the risk of metabolic syndrome. In studies that followed people over time, very light drinkers (consuming no more than two or three alcoholic drinks a week) developed less metabolic syndrome than nondrinkers. But drinking more than two and a half drinks daily nearly doubled risk of metabolic syndrome.


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Renting a Portable Oxygen Concentrator – Why?
Friday, March 2, 2018,3:31 pm
To some people who suffer from COPD, oxygen concentrators are their lifeline and give them back a feeling of freedom and mobility to enable them to live their life as they used to. So why would you consider renting a portable oxygen concentrator rather than buying your own? Pure O2 (www.healthoxygen.com) has a qualified team who are both helpful and experienced and would be able to talk you through all the positives and negatives of buying and renting oxygen concentrators, as well as which unit is best suited to your needs. You can give one of them a call right now if you like as they are always on hand to take your call 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you wish to speak to one of the Pure O2 team you can reach them on our 24 hour helpline on 0870 712 0202, or our UK freephone number (9am – 5pm) on 0800 145 5902 or alternatively if you are calling from overseas you can use our international number +44 (0)161 747 2617.
Reasons for Renting a Portable Oxygen Concentrator
There are a number of reasons why some of our customers opt for renting a portable oxygen concentrator rather than buying one;
- By taking on a rental package for the supply of your oxygen concentrator you can try out units before you commit to buy.
- Some of our patients only want to borrow an oxygen concentrator for a particular event, holiday or a short period of time in which case renting is the obvious answer.
- By renting an oxygen concentrator from Pure O2 you will have the freedom to travel as well as stress free mobility, as you will not need to rely on a third party to regularly deliver your oxygen.
- Financial restrictions mean that some of us don't have the capital to spend on the purchase of an oxygen concentrator and without the option to rent we wouldn't be able to use an oxygen concentrator at all.
There is however a third option instead of buying new or renting an oxygen concentrator and that is to purchase an ex- demonstration unit which will be significantly cheaper than a new model. The best way to find out what oxygen concentrators are available for renting is to talk to one of our friendly advisors on the number above. They will be happy to answer all your questions and will never pressurise you into making a decision before you are ready. That is why we are renowned for our good service and customer satisfaction, as you will see by all the testimonials on our website http://www.healthoxygen.com/testimonials/.


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ELIOT, Maine — Organizers expect Eliot Festival Days this Friday and Saturday to be perfect. "It looks like the weather will be fabulous," festival Chairman John Lippincott said.
ELIOT, Maine — Organizers expect Eliot Festival Days this Friday and Saturday to be perfect. "It looks like the weather will be fabulous," festival Chairman John Lippincott said.
The annual celebration begins Friday night at the Eliot Boat Basin and continues Saturday at Hammond Park and other sites in the center of town. The theme is "Celebrating the Eliot Community Spirit."
Friday at the Boat Basin, on Hammond Lane off Main Street (Route 103), DJ Carmen Cronin will spin the discs for dancing while the Eliot Community Services Department will sell popcorn and beverages. KidsPLAY — a before- and after-school program — will be selling glow sticks. The festival committee will sell T-shirts. Fireworks will cap the night starting at 8 p.m.
Saturday's first event is the pancake breakfast at the First Congregational Church, 1361 State Road, from 7 to 9 a.m.
At 8:30 a.m., the 5K road race will start from the fire station at 1323 State Road. Runners can pre-register at the festival's Web site, www.eliot5kandfestival.com, or in person at the fire station from 5 to 7 p.m. Friday and from 6:45 to 8 a.m. Saturday. The ECSD will have a kids fun run at noon beginning at the William Fogg Library at 116 Old Road.
All day, Colonial re-enactors from the 2nd Regiment of York County will be in McPherson's Field, across from the fire station, with cannon firing at 10:15 a.m., noon, 2 p.m. and 3 p.m.
The flag-raising ceremony will be held at 10 a.m. at Hammond Park, on State Road, with Rosemary Staples singing the national anthem. The booths, mostly from nonprofit groups, will then be open at the park and at Eliot Elementary School across State Road. Vendors will offer food, drink, crafts and information.
The festival parade begins at 11 a.m., forming at Eliot Commons on Route 236 and marching down Beech Road to State Road and the reviewing stand at Hammond Park, ending at the William Fogg Library. Parade Chairman Charles Bradbury said he has fire trucks, floats, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts and the Marshwood High School marching band lined up, but he is still looking for antique cars. To enter the parade, e-mail Bradbury at firstname.lastname@example.com.
During the day, the ECSD will have Kids' Corner at the park with bounce houses, spin art, a "Wheel of Fortune" game with prizes, temporary tattoos and face-painting. Shades of Grass will provide music.
Lippincott said the festival began in 1981 as a legacy of Eliot's 175th celebration and has since been held the last weekend in September. He has been chairman of it since 1987. It is volunteer-run and seeks nonprofits to participate.


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The Rufkatu Danjuma Maternity, Takum, Taraba State is a non-profit non-governmental health facility owned by the T.Y Danjuma Foundation (N.G.O) and is presently being managed by Development Africa (N.G.O).
The facility is built specifically to attend to pregnant women and children who are less than 5 years of age. This is to reduce maternal and infant mortality and also reduce the mortality in children less than 5 years of age who along with the pregnant women are the most vulnerable to disease and death in the society.
VACANT POSITION: Sonographer.
QUALIFICATION: Relevant Qualification in the field of Sonography.
Interested applicant should urgently send their CV with their credentials via email to email@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com


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Alpha Mosaic Hotel
Hotels / Motels / Resorts Fortitude Valley
Remarkable location only 1.5km from Brisbane CBD. Fortitude Valley's bustling retail and fashion outlets, restaurants and bars, Emporium, James Street, Brisbane Showgrounds and Valley Pool just a short stroll away.
Alpha Mosaic Hotel Brisbane is a sophisticated boutique Hotel and Apartment accommodation complex, just one and a half kilometres from Brisbane's Central Business District. Experience the best of urban convenience and cosmopolitan design, combined with exceptional facilities and service that revolves around you - right throughout your stay. You'll be spoilt for choice when it comes to accommodation whether you're staying for a short while or an extended period. Inner city living for the style-conscious traveller is right here at Alpha Mosaic Hotel Brisbane with design-savvy hotel rooms, one and two bedroom apartments with free unlimited Wi-Fi, mini-bar, in-room dining and balcony on most rooms. Security onsite parking is available for only AUD25 per night. Soak up the stunning Brisbane climate in the Plaza garden square, kick back for a drink in the free-flowing lobby and bar, or enjoy a delicious meal in the restaurant. Just a stroll away from Alpha Mosaic Hotel Brisbane is the James Street and Emporium retail precincts with; boutique fashion, health and beauty, homewares, cinemas, fine dining, bars and fresh food markets.
Check In: 1400|Check Out: 1100
Hours: 24 Hours
- Air Conditioning
- Clock Radio
- Disabled Access
- Fridge
- Heating
- Ice
- In-house Movies
- Internet Access
- Iron/ Ironing Board
- Linen Provided
- Meals Available
- Minibar
- Movie Hire
- No Pets
- Non-Smoking Establishment
- Non-Smoking Indoors
- Office Services
- Onsite Parking
- Phone
- Restaurant Licenced
- Room Service
- Safety Deposit Box
- Tea/Coffee
- Television
- Toilet
Map & Directions
12 Church St, Fortitude Valley, QLD, 4006, Australia
Cancellation Policy
24 Hours cancellation. If booking cancelled within 24 hours of arrival date 1st night will be charged


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I thought it would be fun to start doing features on some of the talented, creative people I know. Quilters, painters, photographers, knitters, writers… I'm curious about what got them hooked on their particular art or craft and what inspires them.
Who better for my first interview than my mum, a master quilter. She has made quilts for each of her four children, eight grandchildren and three great-grandchildren, as well as for herself or friends. Gifts for new babies, graduations, weddings… 55 quilts to date. ("Not that many," she says.) She's very knowledgeable about her craft, has taught classes, and puts a lot of attention into the details. When you look at her hand stitching up close, you'd think it was done by a sewing machine.
So, mum… how did you get started in quilting?
Eons ago, probably around 1976, Aunt Jane and I attended a "craft night" at our church. People took anything they had been working on. We saw a Grandmother's Fan quilt top made by a lady called Mo and we were both hooked. Just like that! We spent lots of time buying up pieces of fabric and began cutting and piecing. I look at that first quilt now and "what was I thinking" comes to mind, but I guess the fabrics are typical of what was popular then.
What do you love most about quilting?
Fondling my fabric stash and perusing quilting books and magazines. Working with the wonderful array of fabrics available. Hand applique and hand quilting.
Who or what inspires you?
Other quilters' accomplishments, especially Jinny Beyer, Nancy Zieman and Joan Colvin, to name a few.
Do you have a favourite project you've completed, or one you are most proud of?
The Block of the Month Quilt through "The Quilt Show" – Alex Anderson and Ricky Timm's online show. I am proud of this one because I actually finished piecing the gazillion little pieces, and it turned out quite nicely!
What is your favourite tool you like to use?
My Olfa cutter and mat, also my silver thimble – a gift from you know who!
What's on your wish list?
Oh, this is a hard one. On the high end a larger studio but otherwise a really good design wall.
Thanks, mum!


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There are basically 5 different organizational styles, and in the next few days, I will post one different style a day. You may find that you are a combination of a few styles, but try to find the one that addresses your main organizing challenge in your home.
Many people make the mistake of buying storage containers or organizing tools before they know exactly how they will use it to organize their belongings. Some things that work well for others may not work for you. Many people end up having unused or misused storage containers, which just add to the clutter. The first step is to identify your style and what tools will work best for you in your space. Today's style is:
The Ladybug – This style can be summed up in one simple word, hider. I am most definitely a hider. I hate visible clutter and my tendency is to shove it into drawers, closets, under the bed and my laundry room. You're a ladybug too if your home is generally neat and tidy but your closets, drawers and cupboards are a jumbled mess. Ladybugs tend to be very family and home oriented, and very sentimental about their belongings. Visual clutter can be distracting for ladybugs and even cause anxiety. Pretend for a moment that a friend has just called you and said they will be stopping by in 15 minutes for a visit. If you begin running around like a maniac shoving anything lying around in drawers and closets, you're probably a ladybug!
Because I am a ladybug, I of course find this style easiest to offer advice on. The best advice I can give is to tackle one small area at a time. You have to find what works best for you, but once you find a system, you will easily keep it tidy like the rest of your home.
Containers, drawer dividers and labels are your best organizing friends. When you open a drawer and have a container that is clearly labeled, you will just naturally put the proper items there.
Unlike the butterfly, closed storage works best for you. Armoires, dressers and shelving with decorative baskets and boxes should be used to house your items.
Purge items that you have not used in over a year or things that you just don't need or love.
Each day or week pick a small area to work on, like a junk drawer. First take everything out and sort into piles of like items. Next, purge unwanted items from each pile. Move items that don't belong in the drawer to their proper home. Finally, contain the piles of like items together in small Tupperware containers, wrap in elastics or whatever works for you. For example, my junk drawer has five small Tupperware containers inside which hold batteries, candles, glue and tape, sewing items and scented oils. Other items, like pens are held together with elastics. Now that everything is clearly separated and organized, it is easy for me to find things and put them away.
In closets use bins without lids and shoe or sweater sorters to quickly and easily give your items a home. I also suggest using those hanging shoe sorters on the inside of closet doors or on the back of bedroom doors for all of the little items. Next week I will post about all the cool ways these inexpensive sorters can be used to organize just about anything.
Label, label, label…. Trust me, if you label a bin you're much more likely to put an item away in it. I love my label maker and use it every week. If you don't want to buy one, masking tape and a marker work just fine.
Once you have tackled your trouble spots just do some monthly maintenance and you'll be all set. Remember the golden rule "a place for everything and everything in its place" and you'll be super organized in no time!
To watch really bad videos of me using containers to finally get my closets and drawers organized, check out my youtube video blog
Not a Ladybug? Visit me tomorrow to see if you are a Busy Bee.


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Just as I jump back on the Ian = Steve bandwagon, I wake up to read that overnight Steve revealed why Vanessa won PoV yesterday. Around midnight, Steve was alone doing his typical cam talking, and he was going off on himself how he made a stupid move. Apparently, Vanessa told him to throw the PoV competition – and he did! According to Steve, he could have won the comp, but he threw it. My mind is blown. At this point in the season, the PoV competition is one of the most important of the season, and if you want to win BB, you don't throw it – period.
Steve was complaining that his mistake was likely a $500,000 mistake, and at this point, I'd tend to agree. If he is sitting in the final 2 with Vanessa (if she actually takes him), and he does win, I can tell you this right now, it will be because of a bitter jury, nothing else. While it can be debated that Ian won his season because he had a good social game compared to Dan, Ian also made moves when he had to. This was a move Steve had to make, and he didn't.
Look, I don't want to bash him too much. Big Brother is a hard game, and Steve was already an underdog not only fighting his social awkwardness, but being typecast as 'the next Ian' and instantly becoming a threat as a result. I also don't want to undersell Vanessa. While Steve was the 'brainiac' coming into the season, let's not forget Vanessa's intelligence. Poker aside, she was in school to be a lawyer for awhile. She's no dummy who can just bluff her way to poker victories. She also has the life experience that Steve simply doesn't have, so she's not going to be intimidated by others. While Vanessa may look like a GinaMarie, she's really more like a Steve or Ian.
With that out of the way, I probably won't be feeding today. I have an eye appointment at 3 and then meeting my parents for dinner as they're in town (which doesn't happen often). I will have to rush back in time for the live show, so I doubt I'll have any time to update on the feeds. If anything exciting happens, please put it in the comments for people to talk about! I'll be back tonight!


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A Global, Pro Bono Week Tribute
Universal Thank You Note / woodleywonderworks / CC BY This week is Pro Bono Week in the United States. We wish to take this opportunity to thank the many talented legal professionals on whom we count for impeccable, cutting-edge advice around the world on an array of issues, all on a volunteer basis. CC leverages … Read More "A Global, Pro Bono Week Tribute"


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3rd Annual Citrus Health Research Forum
August 27-30, 2012
Fort Collins, Colorado
The Citrus Industry Needs You!
The Citrus Health Research Forum is an industry-driven meeting aimed at ensuring a productive and thriving citrus industry in the face of serious pests and diseases. The forum will address current citrus research efforts as well as identifying priorities for future research endeavors.
Discussions will be centered on three research outcomes:
2012 Meeting Presentations
Previous Meetings


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Clogged Toilet Cleaning Twin Cities
When a toilet is clogged, you can't use it because the water will back up and spill into the floor. This spillage can be very inconvenient and it can cause damage to your floor. If you are experiencing toilet overflow because of a clog, it is important to call your Minneapolis & St. Paul drain cleaning company as soon as possible to fix the problem.
At S.O.S. Drain & Cleaning Services, we are there as soon as possible to ensure that your toilet is up and running quickly. Our technicians use state-of-the-art equipment, methods, and skill to make sure your toilet is not damaged during the process. When done, everything will run like new.
24/7 Emergency Services
Your clogged toilet may be deemed an emergency if it is overflowing and potentially causing damage or when you only have one toilet in your home. When you have an emergency, call S.O.S. Drain and Sewer Cleaning to let us know about that emergency. We will send a technician over as soon as possible so that damage is minimized and money is saved.
In the meantime, you can shut off any valves going to that toilet in order to minimize any spillage until we are able to get there. Once we are there, we will find the clog and unclog the toilet properly so that it is back up and running the way that it should be.
Toilet Clog Experts
When the toilet is clogged, you experience one of the most helpless experiences that you can deal with in your home. The moment you see the water rising to the top of the bowl and spilling to the floor, panic ensues.
If you have a toilet that needs plunging on a regular basis, then that is a sign that there is a clogging issue. It won't be long before it backs up and not even a plunger will help it. You could be dealing with an obstruction way down in the drainpipe or in the trap. There may even be a bigger problem happening farther down in the sewer pipe. Fortunately, we have the tools and the expertise to deal with this so you don't have to.
Contact A Minneapolis & St. Paul Drain & Sewer Cleaning Company
A clogged toilet can cause a wide range of issues, which is why you need it fixed as soon as possible. In fact, you will not be able to use your toilet until it is fixed, which is why it is important to call S.O.S. Drain & Sewer Cleaning Services as soon as possible. We use state-of-the-art tools and we are fast so that your toilet is back up and running as soon as possible. To learn more, call our Anoka office at 763-413-4720, our St. Paul office at 651-645-8383, our Bloomington office at 952-835-7677, or our Minnetonka office at 763-559-9050.


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Tibetan Snowcock
Tetraogallus himalayensis
Nepali Name: हिमाली हिउँकुखुरा (Himali Hiukukhura)
Kalij Pheasant
Lophura leucomelanos
Nepali Name: कालिज Kalij
Himalayan Monal
Lophophorus impejanus
Nepali Name: डाँफे Danfe
Blood Pheasant
Ithaginis cruentus
Nepali Name: चिलिमे Chilime
Alectoris chukar
Nepali Name: च्याखुरा Chyakhura / चुकर Chukar
1. Every village near Manang is filled with the incessant chuck-chukor of this bird during the mornings. Was seen going around in large parties in early May near Manang.
2. National bird of Pakistan.
Indian Peafowl
Pavo cristatus
Nepali Name: मजुर (Majur)


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Recent Posts
Guided Meditation on Metta
Befriending the Dhamma
Mind that Heals Mind that Hurts
Tag Archives: WACANA
Some photos and livecast link to the recently concluded WACANA 2011 proceedings:
Buddhism and Health
This is a summary of a workshop discussion on Buddhism and Health that was conducted at the WACANA 2011 in Nalanda Buddhist Society yesterday. The emphasis for this year's WACANA is on familiarising ourselves with the Buddha Words, ie. the suttas in particular and the tipitaka in general.
1. Definition of Health
Health is defined as physical and mental wellbeing since a human being is made up of a physical body (rupa) and mind (nama). Mind here includes emotional health.
2. Buddhists' Attitude towards Health
In the Dhammapada v. 204 as well as in Sukkhavagga (Dhp XV), it is said that "health is the greatest gift and contentment is the greatest wealth". Health is therefore of primary importance for a Buddhist as a healthy body is the ideal vehicle to support our cultivation of the mind. Thus, physical health should not be neglected.
In the Magandiya Sutta (MN75), the Buddha pointed out that "even though I may be afflicted in body, my mind will be unafflicted". This shows that it is possible to attain and have equanimity in our mind despite the presence of physical pain. In other words, physical pain may be unavoidable but mental suffering is optional, depending on how well we have cultivated our mind.


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Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64 Free Download
Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64 Free Download New and latest Version for Windows. It is full offline installer standalone setup of Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64 Free Download for 64 Bit and 32 bit version of windows. Program was checked and installed manually before uploading by our staff, it is fully working version without any problems.
Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64 Overview
Notepad++ is a free source code editor which supports several programming languages running under the M$ Windows environment.Notepad++ is designed to be a freeware replacement for Notepad. This project, based on Scintilla edit component (a very powerful editor component) and written in C++ with pure win32 api (i.e. without MFC, that ensures the higher execution speed and smaller size of the program), is under the GPL Licence. This project is mature. However, as you can see it's a one-man-project, there're still some bugs and missing features. You can also download Python 3.7.0.
If you have any question or suggestion about this project, please drop me a mail, I'll love to hear from you. As well, if you have any feature request, you can always do the demand, but there's no warranty that I'll implement it. Syntax Highlighting and Syntax Folding, Supported languages C, C++, Java, C#, XML, HTML, PHP, Javascript, RC resource file, makefile, ASCII art file (extension .nfo, doxygen, ini file, batch file, ASP, VB/VBS source files, SQL, Objective-C, CSS, Pascal, Perl, Python and Lua. You also may like to download EJ Technologies JProfiler 10.
Features of Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64
- If you have a colour printer, print your source code (or whatever you want) in colour.
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- User Define Syntax Highlighting
- It allows user to define his own language : not only the syntax highlighting keywords, but also the syntax folding keywords, comment keywords and the operators.
- Multi-Document
- You can edit several documents at the same time.
- Multi-View
- You have two views at same time. That means you can visualize (edit) 2 different documents at the same time. You can visualize (edit) in the 2 views one document at 2 different positions as well. The modification of document in one view will carry out in another view (i.e. you modify the SAME document when you are in clone mode).
- Regular Expression Search supported
- You can search one string in the document by using the regular expression.
- Full Drag 'N' Drop supported
- You can open a document by drag & drop. You can also move your document from a position (or even a view) to another by drag & drop.
- Dynamic position of Views
- The user can set the position of the views dynamically (only in 2 views mode : the splitter can be set in horizontal or in vertical).
- File Status Auto-detection
- If you modify or delete a file which opened in Notepad++, you will be notified to update your document (reload the file or remove the file).
- Zoom in and zoom out
- That's another fantastic function of Scintilla component.
- Multi-Language environment supported
- The Chinese, Japanese and Korean Windows environments are supported.
- Bookmark
Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64 Technical Setup Details
- Software Full Name: Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64
- Setup File Name:
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- Size: x64 5MB, x86 5 MB
- Setup Type: Offline Installer / Full Standalone Setup
- Compatibility Architecture: 64 Bit (x64) 32 Bit (x32)
- Latest Version Release Added On: 02 July 2018
- Developers: Don HO
System Requirements for Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64
- Program Install Support:
- Install and Uninstall
- System Requirements
- No special requirements.
- OS Support
- Win2003, Win2000, Win7 x64, WinXP, WinVista, Win7 x32, Win8 x32, Win8 x64, Win10 x32, Win10 x64, Windows 8, Windows 10,
How to Install Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64
- Extract the zip file using WinRAR or WinZip or by default Windows command.
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How to install this software without errors video tutorial guide
Having problems installing this software? You can always get help from our video tutorial guides.
Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64 Free Download
Click on below button to start Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64 Free Download. This is complete offline installer and standalone setup for Notepad++ 7.5.7 x86 x64. This would be compatible with 32bit and 64bit windows.


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Share Secured Low Risk – With ALL the Benefits
An attractive loan option for the conservative borrower is the Share Secured loan. The loan is secured with money in your savings (Share) account. This is a low risk way to borrow money and still receive interest on the money in your savings account. Additionally, you can use a share secured loan to establish a credit history as you repay the loan.
- Funds in savings accounts are used to secure the loan, as loan is paid down, funds in savings account become available.
- 2% over share rate
- Terms up to 60 months
Share Secured Loan Information
|Type of Loan
|Share Secured
|Shares on Deposit
|up to 60 Months
|2.00% above share rate dividend
|Share Secured Loan Payment Example:
2.250% APR for 60 months
|Per $15,000 borrowed
$264.68 per month
|Per $1,000 borrowed
$17.64 per month
* APR=Annual Percentage Rate. Loan Rates as of 10/01/20.