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SEO Glossary, Marketing & Web Design Terms
SEO Resources, Definitions & Best Practices (Updating for 2017)
Digital marketing is a constantly evolving organism. This ever-changing landscape continues to grow — shifting and adapting as we do.
Times have changed.
SEO is part of our language now.
There are countless SEO resources out there – – articles, ebooks, presentations, slideshares – – some more extensive than others.
301 Redirect
A 301 Redirect tells search engines that a webpage no longer exists and has been moved permanently to a new location.
This is the preferred method of redirecting links if you are updating your website, restructuring the URLs, or adding a Content Management System for example.
If you are planning on redesigning an existing website, make sure to take an "inventory" of the current site's URL structure. Then use 301 Redirects to tell the search engines the page has moved, rather than it being brand new, so you don't lose out on old rankings.
Many business owners think that just by redesigning their website, they'll increase traffic and sales. But if they don't implement 301 redirects, the exact opposite will happen. Traffic and rankings will plummet.
302 Temporary Redirect
The file has been found, but is temporarily located at another URI.
This is a common way of performing a redirection, but as it relates to SEO, it is typically best to avoid using 302 redirects (or use them temporarily).
Some search engines struggle with redirect handling and due to poor processing of these 302 redirects, some search engines have allowed competing businesses to hijack the listings of competitors.
404 File Not Found Error
The server was unable to locate the URL. Sometimes this can be caused by a typo in the link or address bar, but sometimes content management systems send 404 status codes when documents actually do exist, so make sure you set up Google Webmaster Tools to see what crawl errors you do have, if any.
You may also want to create a custom 404 error page to make it easy for your visitors to search what they were looking for, or report the error to you so you can fix it.
A/B Testing
A method in marketing research, mainly applied to website design nowadays, aimed at increasing your conversion rate.
You have a variable (such as the color of a Buy Now button), and everything else on the webpage remains the same. You show half your visitors Version A, and the other half Version B.
Let it run for a month (or some predetermined time), and take a look at the results afterwards.
Whichever version got the best results, i.e. higher clicks, conversions, etc. is the winner. You can also test things like button placement, button text, image alignment, image size, headline copy, etc.
This is a great way to quickly improve the effectiveness of each web page. You learn what works with your visitors, and therefore continually provide a good user experience, which in turn increases your conversions and sales.
Above the fold
Newspapers usually are displayed folded in half.
The stories that appear above that fold are ones the editors believe will entice people to pick up and purchase the paper. (To put it plainly).
They have well-written, attention-grabbing headlines.
Similarly, on your website, it's ideal to have your most important content displayed above the fold. Better yet, make sure to have your call-to-action visible "above-the-fold".
In terms of websites, the area of content initially viewable to the user without having to scroll down, is known as "above-the-fold".
Nowadays, with people on desktops, laptops, mobile phones, etc., the varying screen sizes are almost as unique as the individuals using them.
Therefore, not only should we take into account what content is displayed above the fold, but also what device our visitors are using.
Affiliate Marketing
Affiliate marketing is a way to make money by promoting other people's products. Affiliates will usually write an in-depth review of the product on their blog, for example, and use a unique URL to track the amount of click-throughs. They get paid a percentage of the purchase price when a visitor completes a transaction that initiated through that unique URL.
Aged Domain
Some search engines may take the age of the domain into account when determining how much to trust that website. Therefore it may affect search engine rankings. Some even consider when a domain is set to expire, or related historical data, when making these determinations. A domain that has been registered a while in the past (and isn't expiring soon) will usually be considered as more reputable (think seniority). Similarly, a domain that's newly registered (or set to expire soon) will need to "prove" itself to the search engines that it's not just a "fly-by-night" project.
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Alexa Rank
Alexa Rank is the traffic rank of a website compared with all other websites. The lower the number, the more "popular" your website it.
While it may not be a particularly reliable metric (due to the fact that it's based solely upon users with the Alexa toolbar installed), it can be useful for identifying and analyzing traffic trends.
Alexa is owned by Amazon.
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Alt Attribute
Blind persons and most major search engines are not able to easily distinguish what is contained in an image. Using the image alt attribute allows you to help screen readers and search engines understand the function of an image by providing a text equivalent for the object.
HTML example:
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Web analytics software allows you to track your page views, user paths, and conversion statistics based upon interpreting your log files or through including a JavaScript tracking code on your site.
Tracking and monitoring this type of data is very important in determining what's working (and not working) in your online marketing efforts.
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An application programming interface (API) specifies how some software components should interact with each other. APIs grant access to certain software functions, databases or computer hardware. Most major search products have an API program.
Anchor Text
The words or text that a user would click on to follow a link. If the link is an image, then the image alt attribute may act in the place of anchor text.
Search engines assume that your page is authoritative for the words that people include in links pointing at your site. When links occur naturally they typically have a wide array of anchor text combinations. Too much similar anchor text may be a considered a sign of manipulation, and thus discounted or filtered. Make sure when you are building links that you control that you try to mix up your anchor text.
HTML example of anchor text:
SEO Consultant Tarun Gehani
Outside of your core brand terms if you are targeting Google you probably do not want any more than 10% to 20% of your anchor text to be the same. You can use a free tool below to compare the anchor text profile of other top ranked competing sites.
See also these tools:
Author Rank
Author Rank (or Google Authorship) enables people to link the content they write on their site (or other sites) to their Google Plus account via rich snippets.
Google is able to credit the author with her content, and she as an individual publisher, can be seen as an authority on a particular subject based on what she writes about (and who links to her, and other ranking factors).
People who have set up rel=author will get a small profile image next to their article in the search results, which can make it more enticing for searchers to click.
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Authority Pages
An authority page is a web page that has many high quality domains linking to it, that are specifically related to the same subject matter. The higher the Page Authority, the more likely it is to rank well in search engines.
Some factors that are associated with site and page authority are site age, site history, link equity, and unique and quality content. Authority pages are well trusted and well cited by experts within their topical community.
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An autoresponder is a sequence of emails that are automatically sent to your subscribers in a set order and frequency.
Autoresponders can be a great email marketing tool if set up properly. Your very first subscriber and your 1,000th subscriber will get the same exact sequence of emails, so you want to make sure you provide exceptionally valuable content. It's also a good idea to review your autoresponders every once in a while (maybe once per quarter, or at least once per year) to make sure that the information and resources you provide within the emails are up-to-date and accurate.
Examples of email marketing software with autoresponder ability:
A backlink is an incoming link from a web page to another website. Search engines rank their results based on the number and quality of backlinks pointing to a site (among many other factors).
It is not enough to build a ton of links to your website, they must be from relevant and authoritative sources if you expect to rank near the top for competitive keywords.
Backlinks are important, so it is crucial you select someone or some company who has your best interests in mind for the longterm. Nowadays, spammy backlinks to your site can get your penalized or banned by Google.
To see a sampling of links pointing to a web page, search using "link:www.example.com" – obviously replace "www.example.com" with your website or homepage.
There, of course, will probably be other backlinks pointing to most sites besides the ones that show up when you do a "link:" search on Google (they can't give away all their data so openly (for free)).
Banner Blindness
As people get more and more web-savvy, many banner advertisements are not as effective as they once were.
During the dot-com era, many online businesses were based on eyeballs rather than building up real value.
As a result, banner ads were mostly irrelevant to what the web user was reading, and people learned to ignore these types of ads.
Black Hat SEO
Aaron Wall of SEOBook states it quite well:
Search engines set up guidelines that help them extract billions of dollars of ad revenue from the work of publishers and the attention of searchers. Within that highly profitable framework search engines consider certain marketing techniques deceptive in nature, and label them as black hat SEO. Those which are considered within their guidelines are called white hat SEO techniques. The search guidelines are not a static set of rules, and things that may be considered legitimate one day may be considered deceptive the next.Search engines are not without flaws in their business models, but there is nothing immoral or illegal about testing search algorithms to understand how search engines work.People who have extensively tested search algorithms are probably more competent and more knowledgeable search marketers than those who give themselves the arbitrary label of white hat SEOs while calling others black hat SEOs.
When making large investments in processes that are not entirely clear trust is important. Rather than looking for reasons to not work with an SEO it is best to look for signs of trust in a person you would like to work with.
A blog, formerly known as a "web log", is a periodically updated journal that you publish on a website. It can be for personal, for business, or even for pure entertainment.
Many blogs not only archive and categorize information, but also provide a feed to which you can subscribe, and allows for simple user interaction like leaving comments on the posts.
Blogs can grow to be quite authoritative in nature, with heavy link equity, because they give people a reason to frequently come back to their site, read their content, and link to whatever they think is interesting.
The most popular blogging platforms are WordPress and Blogger.
Some examples of "micro-blogging" include Tumblr and Twitter, and some even refer to Instagram and Pinterest as "photo-blogs."
A blogger is the person who writes and/or updates article posts on a blog.
Blogger also refers to Google free blogging platform. It allows you to create a site on a subdomain of Blogspot.com, or to FTP content to your own domain.
If you are serious about building a brand or making money online you should publish your content to your own domain. It can be difficult to reclaim a website's link equity and age-related-trust if you have built years of link equity into a subdomain on someone else's website. Blogger is probably the easiest blogging software tool to use, but it lacks many some features present in other blog platforms.
WordPress is a great alternative if you visit WordPress.org (not .com). This way you can download it and use it on your own servers (instead of wordpress.com which is similar in nature to blogspot.com, as outlined above).
Boolean Search
Many search engines allow you to perform searches that contain mathematical formulas such as AND, OR, or NOT. By default most search engines include AND with your query, requiring results to be relevant for all the words in your query.
- A Google search for SEO Consultant will return results for SEO AND Consultant.
- A Google search for "SEO Consultant" will return results for the phrase SEO Consultant.
- A Google search for SEO Consultant -India will return results containing SEO AND Consultant but NOT India.
- A Google search for intitle:"Wordpress SEO Consultant" will return containing WordPress SEO Consultant in the Title.
- A Google search for inurl:"Wordpress SEO Consultant" will return containing WordPress SEO Consultant in the URL.
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Bounce Rate
1.) In web analytics, the percentage of visitors who leave after viewing a single page.
2.) In email marketing, the percentage of emails in a campaign that are undeliverable.
Some say: Marketing is what you do, branding is what you are.
Branding is the emotion response associated with your company and/or its products. It's what people remain about you, what sets you apart, what makes you unique.
A brand is built through consistency, setting expectations for your customers and the social interactions between customers. Building a brand is what allows you to move away from commodity based pricing and move toward higher margin value based pricing.
A Breadcrumb is a navigational technique used to help search engines and website users understand the relationship between pages.
Example breadcrumb navigation: You are here: Home > SEO Glossary > Breadcrumb
Whatever page the user is on is unlinked, but the pages above it within the site structure are linked to, and organized starting with the home page, right on down through the site structure.
Broken Link
A broken link is a hyperlink which is not functioning. A link which does not lead to the desired location. Links may broken for a number of reason, but four of the most common reasons are
- a website going offline
- linking to content which is temporary in nature
- moving a page's location
- changing a domain's content management system
Most large websites have some broken links, but if too many of a site's links are broken it may be an indication of outdated content, and it may provide website users with a poor user experience. Both of which may cause search engines to rank a page as being less relevant.
Buying Cycle
Before making large purchases consumers typically research what brands and products fit their needs and wants. Keyword-based search marketing allows you to reach consumers at any point in the buying cycle.
The buying cycle may consist of the following stages
- Problem Discovery: prospect discovers a need or want.
- Search: after discovering a problem look for ways to solve the need or want. These searches may contain words which revolve around the core problem the prospect is trying to solve or words associated with their identity.
- Evaluate: may do comparison searches to compare different models, and also search for negative information like product sucks, etc.
- Decide: look for information which reinforces your view of product or service you decided upon.
- Purchase: may search for shipping related information or other price related searches. Purchases may also occur offline.
- Reevaluate: some people leave feedback on their purchases. If a person is enthusiastic about your brand they may cut your marketing costs by providing free highly trusted word of mouth marketing.
Canonical URL
Many webmasters use inconsistent link structures throughout their site that cause the exact same content to get indexed under multiple URLs.
Examples of URLs which may contain the same information, in spite of being at different web addresses:
- https://tarungehani.com
- https://tarungehani.com
- https://tarungehani.com/index.html
- https://tarungehani.com/index.html
- https://tarungehani.com/?tracking-code
The canonical version of any URL is the single most authoritative version indexed by major search engines. Search engines typically use PageRank or a similar measure to determine which version of a URL is the canonical URL.
Webmasters should use consistent linking structures throughout their sites to ensure that they funnel the maximum amount of PageRank at the URLs they want indexed.
Content Management System. Tool used to help make it easy to update and add information to a website.
WordPress is one of the most popular content management systems currently used on the web.
With WordPress, you can easily add new pages and blog posts to your site even if you don't know how to code. (To customize it to your liking and/or business needs, you might want to hire a professional).
A conversion is reached when a desired goal is completed.
Here are a few examples:
- a product sale
- completing a lead form
- a phone call
- capturing an email
- filling out a survey
- getting a person to pay attention to you
- getting feedback
- having a site visitor share your website on their social networks
- having a site visitor link to your site
Many forms of online advertising are easy to track. Bid management, affiliate tracking, and web analytics programs make it easy to track conversion sources.
Most offline ads have generally been much harder to track than online ads. Some marketers use custom phone numbers or coupon codes to tie offline activity to online marketing.
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CPA – Cost Per Action
An action may be anything from an filling out a lead form to buying a product. The Cost Per Action is determined by taking the ad spend divided by the percentage of conversions.
For example, let's say you purchased $1000 in ads and received 1000 clicks, of which 10 people turned into customers. The Cost Per Action would be $100. ($1000 total spend / 10 customers).
CPC – Cost Per Click
Many search ads are sold in auctions where the advertiser is charged a certain price per click.
You, as the advertiser, can bid your maximum cost-per-click (for example, $5 per click), and that number will determine where your ad is placed. (In theory, the higher CPC bid for a certain keyword, the higher your advertisement will be placed, but there are other variables as well).
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CPM – Cost Per Thousand Impressions
Cost per thousand ad impressions.
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Crawl Depth
The crawl depth is how deeply a website is crawled and indexed by the search engines. Search queries which are longer in length tend to be more targeted in nature, so it is important to try to get most or all of a site indexed such that the deeper pages have the ability to rank for relevant long tail keywords. A large site needs adequate link equity in order to get deeply indexed.
CSS – Cascading Style Sheet
Using Cascading Style Sheets is a method for adding styles to web documents. By using external CSS files, it makes it easy to change the design of many pages at once by editing a single file.
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CTA – Call to Action
A call-to-action, or CTA, is a line of text, a button or an image that prompts your visitors to perform a desired action.
The CTA is the part of a marketing message that attempts to persuade a person to take action, so it should directly relate to the information on the page and the problem or pain-points that the visitor has.
Delisting is when a web page or website is removed from the search engine index, usually for violating the search engine terms of service. This can be a temporary delisting, or permanent, depending on the severity of the infraction.
Delisting may be due to any of the following:
- Engaging in Black Hat SEO or spamming techniques
- Duplicate content
- Thin content, or sites with relatively low value-add
- Pages which have changed location and are not properly redirected may be temporarily de-indexed
- Pages which are down when a search engine attempts to crawl them may be temporarily de-indexed
- Pages on brand new websites (or with low link authority) may be temporarily de-indexed until the search engine does a deep spidering and re-caching of the website
It's also good to keep in mind:
- During some algorithm updates search engines readjust their crawl priorities.
- You need a significant number of high quality links to get a large website well indexed and keep it well indexed.
- If a website is editorially removed by a human you may need to contact the search engine directly to request reinclusion.
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Dedicated Server
A dedicated server is a single server which is devoted to serving one website (or a small collection of sites) owned by a single person. A dedicated server is usually needed for a website (or set of related company sites) that garner a significant amount of traffic (millions of visits per day). Dedicated servers tend to be more reliable than shared servers, though may be unnecessary for your common website.
Dedicated servers usually cost about $500 per month, whereas virtual servers typically run from about $5 – $50 per month.
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Deep Linking
Deep linking refers to a link which points to an internal page of a website. Another way of saying it is any page on your site which is not the home page. Traditionally it is thought that the deeper link is more valuable, as long as the page it is linked from is similar in topic.
When you request links from other websites it makes sense to request a link from their most targeted relevant page to your most targeted relevant page. When links grow naturally typically most high quality websites have many links pointing at interior pages.
Directories are categorized catalogs of websites, typically manually organized by topical editorial experts. If a directory does not exercise editorial control over listings search engines will not be likely to trust their links at all.
Directories used to be a much more significant ranking factor than they are today. You'll still get good link juice if you get listed in a long-established directory such as DMOZ, the Yahoo! Directory or Best of The Web but that can be hard for new websites these days.
Some directories cater to specific niche topics, while others are more comprehensive in nature. Smaller and less established general directories likely pull less weight.
Domain Name System is a hierarchical naming mechanism used to help resolve a domain name / host name to a specific TCP/IP Address.
It works transparently in the background, converting human-readable website names into computer-readable numerical IP addresses.
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DoFollow Link
A DoFollow link is one which has the "rel=nofollow" attribute removed. This type of link will pass link juice/equity to another website or page on a website.
Conversely, a NoFollow link tells the search engines not to pass link equity from one web page to another, but still links these pages so that a human visitor can click through for related information.
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Domain Authority
Domain Authority is determined in part by the number of root domains which link to different pages on your website (rather than getting all links pointing directly to your homepage).
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Domain Name
A domain name (for example, "tarungehani.com") is used to identify one or more IP addresses. They are used in URLs to identify particular web pages.
Every domain name has a suffix that indicates which top level domain (TLD) it belongs to.
For example:
.gov – Government agencies
.edu – Educational institutions
.org – Organizations
.com – Commercial business
Because the Internet is based on IP addresses and not domain names, every web server requires a Domain Name System (DNS) server to translate domain names into IP addresses.
Duplicate Content
Content which is duplicate or near duplicate in nature. Search engines do not want to index multiple versions of the same content, so they may "hide" or push down in the results certain pages.
Though this is not technically a penalty, it still could negatively effect your website as searchers may not come across your site if they can't find you in the search results. Always think about how you can add value for your visitors, instead of rehashing the same material as other websites.
Also keep in mind that certain CMS platforms will serve up the same content on multiple pages (for example, a blog post that is in two different categories — such as "Events" and "Updates" — may be accessible in three different ways: the original blog post permalink, the events category (example.com/category/events) and the updates category).
Did you know that roughly 25% of the entire web's content is duplicate?
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Editorial Link
An editorial link is one that results form having good quality content. A website owner or a content writer will link to another site or web page as a resource for the article they are writing, therefore dubbed an editorial link. It is placed within the body of content and occurs naturally.
As search engines count links as "votes" of quality, they primarily want to count editorial links that were earned, versus links that were paid for or bartered for.
Email Client
An email client, email reader, or more formally mail user agent, is a computer program used to access and manage a user's email.
In addition, a web application that provides message management, composition, and reception functions is sometimes also considered an email client, but more commonly referred to as webmail.
Popular locally installed email clients include Microsoft Outlook, IBM Lotus Notes, and Apple's Mail.
Popular web-based email clients include: Gmail and Yahoo! Mail.
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Email Marketing
Email marketing is the promotion of products or services via email, with the purpose of enhancing the relationship of a merchant with its current, past or potential customers. In its broadest sense, every email sent to a potential or current customer could be considered email marketing. It usually involves sending helpful articles or blog posts to build trust, loyalty, or brand awareness, and can also be used to directly solicit sales or donations.
Also during holiday season you'll find an increase in email marketing offering exclusive sales or discounts in hopes of converting sales immediately.
Entry Page
The page which a user enters your site. If you are buying pay per click ads it is important to send visitors to the most appropriate and targeted page associated with the keyword they searched for. If you are doing link building it is important to point links at your most appropriate page when possible such that
- if anyone clicks the link they are sent to the most appropriate and relevant page
- you help search engines understand what the pages on your site are associated with
External Link
An external link is one that points to a website other than the one you are currently viewing. Linking out to other related resources is a good way to help search engines understand what your site is about. If you link out to lots of low quality sites or primarily rely on low quality reciprocal links some search engines may not rank your site very well. Search engines are more likely to trust high-quality editorial links (both to and from your site).
A Favorites Icon is a small icon which appears next to the web address in the web browser.
You can upload an image named favicon.ico to the root of your site to have your site associated with a favicon.
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Many blogs and online publications allow their readers to subscribe to content updates. That way, anytime a new blog post is published they'll get a notification via RSS or XML feeds.
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Flash is a vector graphic based multimedia animation software which makes it easier for websites to appear interactive and rich in nature.
There are a few problems using flash on your website nowadays. For one, the search engines have a hard time properly indexing and ranking flash websites because flash typically contains so little relevant content.
Number Two, flash websites do not display on Apple devices such as iPhone and iPad and therefore perform a bad user experience.
Fresh Content
Google and other search engines put some prevalence on websites that produce fresh content. And by this we mean, updating your blog with new posts, and continually working toward adding new research, case studies and other resources to your site and for its user base.
This type of content (that which is dynamic in nature) gives people a reason to pay attention to you (and keep coming back for more).
The benefits of fresh content, according to Aaron Wall:
- Maintain and grow mindshare: If you keep giving people a reason to pay attention to you more and more people will pay attention to you, and link to your site.
- Faster idea spreading: If many people pay attention to your site, when you come out with good ideas they will spread quickly.
- Growing archives: If you are a content producer then owning more content means you have more chances to rank. If you keep building additional fresh content eventually that gives you a large catalog of relevant content.
- Frequent crawling: Frequently updated websites are more likely to be crawled frequently.
File Transfer Protocol is a protocol for transferring data between computers.
Many content management systems (such as blogging platforms) include FTP capabilities.
Web development software such as Dreamweaver also comes with FTP capabilities.
There are also a number of free or cheap FTP programs such as FileZilla.
Google AdSense
Google AdSense is an advertising program whereby website publishers can display text, image or video advertisements from advertisers in the network, and share the profits from those ad clicks with Google.
AdSense can be a great monetization tactic for your website, given you have a large amount of consistent, highly-targeted traffic that would be interested in the ads displayed on your site.
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Google AdWords
Google AdWords is an advertisement and link auction network. Most of Google's ads are keyword targeted and sold on a cost per click basis in an auction which factors in ad clickthrough rate as well as landing page design and quality score.
AdWords is Google's primary source of revenue, and accounted for 97% of revenue in 2010-2011 (or over $32 billion)!
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Google's search engine spider.
Google has a shared crawl cache between their various spiders, including vertical search spiders and spiders associated with ad targeting.
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Google Keyword Research Tool
Keyword research tool provided by Google (now reworked into the Keyword Planner) which estimates the competition for a keyword, recommends related keywords, and will tell you what keywords Google thinks are relevant to your site or a page on your site.
A hashtag is a word or phrase preceded by the hash or pound sign (#) used to identify similar messages on a specific topic.
It started on Twitter in 2009 when all hashtags in tweets were hyperlinked to Twitter search results for the hashtagged word, and in 2010 Twitter introduced "Trending Topics" on the front page, displaying the most popular hashtags in real-time. Soon Facebook adopted the practice as well, and you can now use hashtags from within your status updates (as well as on Instagram and other social networks).
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Headings – Header Tags – H1 – H6
On a web page, the heading element briefly describes the subject of the section it introduces. Heading elements go from H1 to H6 with the lower numbered headings being most important. You should only use a single H1 element on each page, and may want to use multiple other heading elements to structure a document.
Home Page
The main page on your website, which is largely responsible for helping develop your brand and setting up the navigational schemes that will be used to help users and search engines navigate your website.
As far as SEO goes, a home page is typically going to be one of the easier pages to rank for some of your more competitive terms, largely because it is easy to build links at a home page. You should ensure your homepage stays focused and reinforces your brand though, and do not assume that most of your visitors will come to your site via the home page. If your site is well structured and offers valuable content, many other pages on your site will likely be far more popular and rank better than your home page for relevant queries.
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the coding language in which pages on the World Wide Web are created.
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HTTP stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol and is the foremost used protocol to communicate between servers and web browsers. Hypertext transfer protocol is the means by which data is transferred from its residing location on a server to an active browser.
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Information Architecture
Designing, categorizing, organizing, and structuring content in a useful and meaningful way. Good information architecture considers how both humans and search engines access the website. Information architecture suggestions:
- focus each page on a specific topic
- use descriptive page titles and meta descriptions which describe the content of the page
- use clean (few or no variables) descriptive file names and folder names
- use headings to help break up text and semantically structure a document
- use breadcrumb navigation to show page relationships
- use descriptive link anchor text
- link to related information from within the content area of your web pages
- improve conversion rates by making it easy for people to take desired actions
- avoid feeding search engines duplicate or near-duplicate content
Internet Explorer
Microsoft's web browser. After they beat out Netscape's browser on the marketshare front they failed to innovate on any level for about 5 years, until Firefox forced them to.
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Inbound Link
An inbound link is an incoming link from another website to a webpage on yours. It's also referred to as a backlink.
Not to be confused with an internal link, which is a link from a website to another page on the same website.
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Inbound Marketing
Inbound marketing focuses on creating quality content (through blogs, podcasts, videos, ebooks, newsletters, whitepapers, SEO, social media, etc.> that pulls people towards your company and products, instead of "push" marketing (such as TV, radio, newspaper ads).
Inbound marketing highly effective for doing business online mainly because people have become more and more savvy to the old advertising techniques. People don't want to be interrupted with your message. Rather, they will find it on their own terms when they're searching Google, asking their friends for recommendations on social networks, etc. The more in tune you can get with their needs and desires, the better chance you'll have at reaching them in the most important stage: when they're looking for the exact product or service that you offer.
By aligning the content you publish with your customer's interests, you naturally attract inbound traffic that you can then convert, close, and delight over time.
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One definition of index refers to the root of a folder on a web server.
The other definition refers to the collection of data stored in a catalog. The search engines, for example, have billions of documents in their catalogs and are constantly evolving their algorithm to determine the best results to display when a user performs a search.
Internal Link
An internal link is a link from one page on a site to another page on the same site. It is preferential to use descriptive internal linking to make it easy for search engines to understand what your website is about. Use consistent navigational anchor text for each section of your site, emphasizing other pages within that section. Place links to relevant related pages within the content area of your site to help further show the relationship between pages and improve the usability of your website.
A keyword is the word or phrase that someone using a search engine types in to find your website.
Long tail and brand related keywords are typically worth more than shorter and vague keywords because they typically occur later in the buying cycle and are associated with a greater level of implied intent.
Keyword Density
An old measure of search engine relevancy based on how prominent keywords appeared within the content of a page. Keyword density is no longer a valid measure of relevancy over a broad open search index though. When people use keyword stuffed copy it tends to read mechanically (and thus does not convert well and is not link worthy), plus some pages that are crafted with just the core keyword in mind often lack semantically related words and modifiers from the related vocabulary (and that causes the pages to rank poorly as well).
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Keyword Research
The process of discovering relevant keywords and keyword phrases to focus your SEO and PPC marketing campaigns on.
Example keyword discovery methods:
- using keyword research tools
- looking at analytics data or your server logs
- looking at page copy on competing sites
- reading customer feedback
- placing a search box on your site and seeing what people are looking for
- talking to customers to ask how and why they found and chose your business
Keyword Research Tools
Tools which help you discover potential keywords based on past search volumes, search trends, bid prices, and page content from related websites.
Short list of the most popular keyword research tools:
Keyword Stuffing
In the old days, people used to try and rank websites (sometimes successfully) by stuffing their targeted keyword into their headings, meta descriptions and content a bunch of times. This not only makes for a poor user experience, it is horrible for conversions. It begs the question: what's the point of ranking high on the SERPs if you aren't converting any of your traffic into customers?
Instead of writing copy that uses your primary keyword an excessive amount of time, you'd probably be better off concentrating on solving your users' problems and showing them the benefits of your products or services.
Landing Page
Some people define a landing page as any page on which a visitor arrives to your site after clicking a link or an advertisement. I like to categorize those pages as just regular "web pages."
I prefer to use the term "landing page" as to describe a page in which has a little more strategy behind it. Usually when paying for Google AdWords or taking the time to promote a particular product or service, you want to steer prospects to a specific landing page, in which you can either capture contact information (a lead) or convert them into a customer.
Typically, a landing page should be very relevant to the keyword or search phrase someone used to find your ad (or relevant to the content it was linked from). It will highlight some benefits or address some pain points a prospect has, and then can have a lead capturing form.
What makes a landing page effective? Traditionally the following:
- Limit Navigation
- Deliver Value
- Enable Sharing
- Keep It Short
- Test, Test, Test
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A link is a reference to another document (or another position in the same document). Most search engines consider links as "votes" of trust, and use them along with other factors to determine the ordering of search engine results.
Link Baiting
Not to be confused with link building, Link Baiting is a term used to describe the art of creating, formatting and promoting information to provoke or encourage other people to link to your website.
Most recently, there has been an influx of infographic design to do just this. If you search online for infographics, you will see that many of them are really poor quality, so therefore are not effective as a link baiting technique. Before they became so popular, they may have been more effective because of their newness. They can still be very effective, as long as the data is compelling and the design is stellar.
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Link Building
Link Building is the process of building high quality links that search engines will evaluate to trust your website as authoritative, relevant, and trustworthy.
A few general link building tips:
- create high-quality, value-added, link-worthy, unique content
- reach out to bloggers, journalists, and other highly-influencial people in your industry before you need them
- give away your best content for free
- do good work
- focus your efforts on getting high quality editorial links
- create link bait
- get deep links
- mix up your anchor text
- a majority of your links should point to internal pages, not your home page
- do things that people would naturally want to talk about
- make it easy for them to link to you
Long-Tail Keyword
Long-tail keywords are keyword phrases composed of three or more words that collectively are more specific than a single keyword. They are more likely to convert to sales than shorter, more generic keywords because there is traditionally less competition for them, therefore they are highly cost-effective and high-performing for both paid and organic search.
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An Internet Meme (pronounced with a long "E", rhymes with "scream") is an idea or piece of content that spreads from person to person, changing or evolving along the way as it gains traction.
"Marketers have realized that traditional advertising isn't working … It's not just how many people saw your ad on TV; it's how many views and shares it got online," says Wharton marketing professor Jonah Berger.
A piece of content that spreads but does not change, is loosely known as viral content.
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Meta Description
The meta description tag is usually a sentence or two, which aims to describe the content of a web page. It is displayed as part of the search result, and helps add context to the title tag.
When you perform a search online, the results are listed with the title in blue, black text underneath (which is the meta description), and the page's URL in green below.
While the meta description may not affect the ranking of your web page, it is highly influential to a user in determining the relevancy to their search query, and therefore significantly affects your click-through rate.
If the website owner has not specified a meta description for that page, the search engines will display a description of the page by extracting content that it deems as relevant to the particular search query.
A good meta description should:
- be relevant and unique to the page
- reinforce the page's title
- include secondary keywords
- entice users to click-through to your site
Multivariate Testing
A method in marketing research where multiple variables in a control scenario are simultaneously changed and the ensuing alternate strategies tested, in order to improve the effectiveness of the final marketing strategy.
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Natural Language Processing
Algorithms attempt to derive meaning from human or natural language input, to understand the true intent of a search query, rather than just matching results to keywords.
Of course, this is an on-going process in which the search engine algorithms are constantly being updated to reflect advances in natural language processing, understanding, and human-computer interaction.
The navigation of your website should help visitors understand where they are and what you do in a moment's notice.
It is best to keep it simple and use regular HTML so that the search engines can read and index it as well.
Also consider using your main keywords instead of blanket terms such as "Products" or "Services".
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NoFollow Link
The NoFollow Link is an attribute attached to a link to prevent it from passing link authority. It is commonly used on sites with user-generated content, such as blog comments, though also may be used in a robots meta tag to prevent search engines from counting any outbound links on a page.
Open Source
Open source software is software which is distributed with its source code available so that developers can modify or add on to it as they see fit. On the web, open source is a great strategy for quickly building immense exposure and mindshare.
WordPress is an example of a very popular open source CMS software.
Organic Search Results
Search engines return results that consist of paid ads and unpaid listings. The unpaid listings are called the organic search results, and are based upon link data, page content, usage data, and historical domain and trust related data. Most clicks on search results are on the organic search results. Some studies have shown that around 75% of clicks (or more) are on the organic search results versus the paid ads.
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Outbound Link
An outbound link is a link from one website pointing out to another (external) website.
Linking out to useful, relevant, related documents is an easy way to help search engines understand what your website is about. If you reference other resources it also helps you build credibility and leverage the work of others without having to do everything yourself. Some webmasters track where their traffic comes from, so if you link to related websites they may be more likely to link back to your site.
Page Rank (PR)
PageRank is a link analysis algorithm, named after Google co-founder Larry Page, which estimates the importance of web documents.
It assigns a numerical weight or value to each element of a hyper-linked set of documents, with the purpose of measuring its relative importance within the set.
Personalized Search
Personalized search is showing different search results to different people based on a person's location, search history, content they recently viewed, or other factors relevant to them on a personal level.
Personalized search uses each searcher's past behavior to try to understand intent and what is relevant to them.
A measure of how close words are to one another in context of content on a page. A page which has words near one another may be deemed to be more likely to satisfy a search query containing both terms. If keyword phrases are repeated an excessive number of times, and the proximity is close on all the occurrences of both words it may also be a sign of unnatural (and thus potentially low quality) content.
Quality Content
Content which is linkworthy in nature.
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Quality Link
A quality link is simply one in which the search engines trust more, or apply more weight to. This can be for a number of factors including:
- If the link is from a highly trustworthy page or website (i.e. .edu, .gov, or established, authoritative site)
- If the link is hard to get, a search engine may trust it more, and your competitor will have a difficult time trying to gain a similar valued link
- If the link comes from an aged domain (some search engines may trust links from older resources, or links that have existed for a long time vs. brand new links or links from newer resources)
- If there are links to other, topically-related authoritative websites on the same page as the link to your webpage, the search engines may associate these links together, and use this "co-citation" as a ranking factor
- If the link is from a related page or related website, it will count more than links from unrelated sites
- If the link is from within the content of a page (vs. a sidebar or "links page"), it will count more
Query Refinement
Some searchers may refine their search query if they deemed the results as being irrelevant. Similarly, most search engines suggest other related search queries if they deem them relevant to the goals of the searcher.
Query refinement is therefore both a manual and an automated process.
Search engines may also automatically refine queries using the following techniques:
- Google OneBox: promotes a vertical search database near the top of the search result. For example, if image search is relevant to your search query images may be placed near the top of the search results.
- Spell Correction: offers a did you mean link with the correct spelling near the top of the results.
- Inline Suggest: offers related search results in the search results. Some engines also suggest a variety of related search queries.
Some search toolbars also aim to help searchers auto complete their search queries by offering a list of most popular queries which match the starting letters that a searcher enters into the search box.
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Reciprocal Link
A reciprocal link is a mutual link exchange between two websites ("I'll link to you if you link to me.")
This won't really help your rankings if that is its sole purpose. When websites link naturally, there is going to be some amount of cross-linking within a topic community, but if most of your links are reciprocal in nature, the search engines will catch on and assume it a sign of ranking manipulation.
Really, these types of links probably don't pass much link authority, and often add more risk than reward.
Quality reciprocal link exchanges may not be a bad thing, if done with value-add as its purpose, but most reciprocal link offers are of low quality.
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A method of alerting browsers and search engines that a page location moved. 301 redirects are for permanent change of location and 302 redirects are used for a temporary change of location.
Reputation Management
Reputation management is the act of ensuring your brand related keywords display results which reinforce your brand.
The concept was initially intended to broaden public relations outside of media relations, but as the Internet and social media became more popular, the meaning has shifted to focus not only on media-generated PR, but also user-generated content on review sites, social media, and other sites that show up top in the search results when someone searches for your brand.
Good practice is to openly respond to customer complaints to try and make it right, and use online feedback (or user-generated content) to influence product development.
Robots.txt files inform search engine spiders how to interact with indexing your content.
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Search Engine
A search engine is a program that searches documents on the web for specified keywords or key phrases, and returns a list of the most relevant documents for that phrase.
They are made up of a spider, index, relevancy algorithms and search results.
SEM – Search Engine Marketing
Search Engine Marketing includes everything you do to market your website in the search engines, though sometimes it refers to strictly the paid inclusion efforts, such as PPC ads. In this case, Search Engine Marketing includes paid ads, and Search Engine Optimization refers to all your efforts besides buying ads (such as creating content, building links, optimizing on-page elements, etc.).
SEO – Search Engine Optimization
Search engine optimization is the art and science of publishing information and marketing it in a manner that helps search engines understand your information is relevant to relevant search queries. SEO consists largely of keyword research, SEO copywriting, information architecture, link building, brand building, building mindshare, and reputation management.
SEO Copywriting
SEO Copywriting is writing and formatting copy in a way that will help your webpage appear relevant to your targeted keywords. This may include incorporating your targeted keyword in your Title, Header, and Meta Tags, as well as using it in elements such as Image Alt Text and from within your body copy.
But make no mistake: arguably the most important aspect of writing for the web is engaging your readers. Giving the valuable information and satisfying their need for answers to their questions. After all, the search engines are tasked with returning the most relevant results for a user's search query. If your web page satisfies their need, addresses their need, you will have a much easier time getting a better search position.
Write exceptional headlines. Encourage people to share. If enough people link to your pages it will rank for many relevant queries even if the keywords are not in the page titles.
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SERP – Search Engine Results Page
The Search Engine Results Page is a list of links to web pages that's displayed after you type in a search query. It's generally a list of the top 10 web pages, ranked from most popular to least popular, according to the search algorithm's relevancy ranking.
Most times it will also include a few paid ads above the organic listings, as well as more ads on the right-hand sidebar.
Depending on the context of the search, the SERP will have other listings besides plain text links. These can include images, videos, products, maps, reviews, local listings, etc.
Computer used to host files and serve them to the world wide web. Dedicated servers usually run from $100 to $500 a month and virtual servers from $5 to $50 per month.
Site Map
A site map is a list of pages of a website, typically organized in hierarchical fashion. It serves two main purposes: one, to act as an alternative route for users to navigate through your site, and two, to help search engines properly crawl and index your site. (A site map can also be a sketch or planning tool in web design for laying out your website's pages or site structure).
- On large websites the on page navigation should help search engines find all applicable web pages.
- On large websites it does not make sense to list every page on the site map, just the most important pages.
- Site maps can be used to help redistribute internal link authority toward important pages or sections, or sections of your site that are seasonally important.
- Site maps can use slightly different or more descriptive anchor text than other portions of your site to help search engines understand what your pages are about.
- Site maps should be created such that they are useful to humans, not just search engines.
Social Bookmarking
Most browsers come with the ability to bookmark your favorite pages. Many web based services have also been created to allow you to bookmark and share your favorite resources. The popularity of a document (as measured in terms of link equity, number of bookmarks, or usage data) is a signal for the quality of the information. Some search engines may use bookmarks to help aid their search relevancy.
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Splash Page
Feature rich or elegantly designed beautiful web page which typically offers poor usability and does not offer search engines much content to index. Make sure your home page has relevant content on it if possible.
Static Content
Content which does not change frequently. May also refer to content that does not have any social elements to it and does not use dynamic programming languages.
Many static sites can do well in terms of ranking or garnering pageviews, but the reasons fresh content works great for SEO are:
- If you keep building content every day (or week) you eventually build a huge archive of content
- By frequently updating your content you keep building mindshare, brand equity, and give people fresh content worth linking to
The title element is used to describe the contents of a document.
The title is one of the most important aspects of doing SEO on a web page. Each page title should be:
- Unique to that page
- Descriptive
- 65 Characters or less
- Include most important words first
Page titles appear in search results as the links searchers click on. In addition many people link to documents using the official document title as the link anchor text. Thus, by using a descriptive page title you are likely to gain descriptive anchor text and are more likely to have your listing clicked on.
TrustRank is a link analysis technique described in a paper by Stanford University and Yahoo! researchers for semi-automatically separating useful webpages from spam. This search relevancy algorithm places additional weight on links from trusted websites that are run by major corporations, educational institutions, or governmental institutions.
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UI – User Interface
User Interface Design is the design of websites, computers, devices and software applications with the focus on the user's experience and interaction.
Usability is how easy it is for visitors to perform the desired actions on your website (or web app).
The structure and formatting of text and hyperlink based calls to action can drastically increase your website usability, and thus your conversion rates.
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UX – User Experience
User experience is the overall experience of a person using a product such as a website or computer application, esp. in terms of how easy or pleasing it is to use.
Moreover, UX encompasses all aspects of the end-user's interaction with the company, its services, and its products.
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Viral Marketing
Viral marketing is a method of product promotion that relies on getting customers to market an idea, product, or service for you. Usually the idea spreads on by them telling their friends about it via email, blogging, word-of-mouth, social media, etc. and as the idea spreads, it helps market your business or cause with relatively little effort on your part (besides the initial effort of ideation or creation).
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Virtual Server
A server which allows multiple domains to be hosted from a single computer. Using a virtual server can save money for smaller applications, but dedicated hosting should be used for large commercial platforms. Most domains are hosted on virtual servers, but using a dedicated server on your most important domains should add server reliability, and could be seen as a sign of quality. Dedicated servers usually run from $100 to $500 a month. Virtual servers typically run from $5 to $50 per month.
Web Browser
A web browser, also commonly referred to as a "browser", is a software application for retrieving and presenting information on the world wide web.
The most popular browsers are Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Mozilla's Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome and Opera.
White Hat SEO
Search engines set up guidelines that help them extract billions of dollars of ad revenue from the work of publishers and the attention of searchers. Within that highly profitable framework search engines consider certain marketing techniques deceptive in nature, and label them as black hat SEO. Those which are considered within their guidelines are called white hat SEO techniques. The search guidelines are not a static set of rules, and things that may be considered legitimate one day may be considered deceptive the next.
Each domain has an owner of record. Ownership data is stored in the Whois record for that domain. Some domain registrars also allow you to hide the ownership data of your sites for privacy concerns.
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WordPress is the world's most popular open source blogging software platform, powering roughly 20% of websites worldwide.
It is made up of a core framework, of which Themes and Plugins can be built upon it. Many site owners enjoy using WordPress because of its ease of set up, relatively quick and painless updates, and easy-of-use (without having to know any coding/programming or much design).
If you are serious about building a brand or making money online you should publish your content to your own domain (use WordPress.org to download the software instead of using the hosted version at WordPress.com). It can be hard to reclaim a website's link equity and age related trust if you have built years of link equity into a subdomain on someone else's website. Plus, you may be limited in ability or resources if your website is built on a subdomain on someone else's website. (This is the same reason why I don't recommend using a free site builder and/or free hosting).
There are many limitations to hosting with WordPress.com:
- Limited to WordPress.com themes
- No custom plugins
- Storage Space limit: 3GB and no videos (unless you pay more)
- Limited control of content – unless you pay to remove ads
- You cannot use any custom plugins or custom themes
- No FTP access to your files for security reasons
I would highly recommend instead, you set up a WordPress site on your own server, (meaning, download the free software and pay a hosting provider, versus using the free hosting at wordpress.com) because you'll have the freedom to do whatever you want with it.
- Use any free or commercial plugin you want
- Add and edit files via FTP
- Tweak WordPress and server settings to improve performance
- Full control of your content – no ads
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[mk_mini_callout title="Resources & Other Sources"]SEO Book
Marketing Terms


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Whether you want to add something new or eliminate a cluttered home with no style, you can do it, and this article will help you. Many people are intimidated by interior design, but if you know what you are doing, it does not have to be difficult.
A good tip when interior designing a room is to have an idea of what the space is going to be used for. If it is a kid's room that you're designing, play with bright and vibrant colors to match the energy of the child. But the same decoration wouldn't work in the dining room.
Creating a mood is an often overlooked aspect of interior design by many people. Know what type of mood you have in mind for the room before choosing the items that will go into it. As an example, for a cool and tranquil mood, pick colors that are in the soft blue family.
It is essential that you select the appropriate color scheme when you redesign any room in your home. Provide the room with a tasteful, well-balanced appearance by understanding which colors are complementary and which ones clash. Also avoid using too many bold colors in the same room.
While interior design professionals are often in the know, don't take everything they say as gospel. You won't have the home you want unless you add your own personal tastes.
Pay attention to everything including the little details. By selecting a few small features of a room to change, you can make a big design statement. You could use cupboard knobs, fixtures and try to have a theme that contributes to a larger picture. It is much cheaper than purchasing new furniture or changing your floors.
When you are considering new decoration ideas, contemplate what you are going to be using the room for. Gauge the number of occupants in the room at any given time and what will be happening in the room. Keep family and friends in mind while designing your living-room, however focus on you and your mate when designing the bedroom.
Don't rush through the wall paint color selection process. If this is what you do you might not like the color. You should try out some samples and paint them, and then give it some time. Your samples might look different in some other light. You might be surprised to find that you're not as in love with a color as you thought you were.
Even though you are trying to stick to a budget you should not skimp on paint. Cheap paint not only wears away faster, but it could also damage your walls costing you even more money later on down the road. Invest in more expensive paint to add longevity.
Now that you have read this article you know that there is nothing about interior design to be afraid of. All you need is a little education, and once that is in hand then you will be surprised at what you can achieve. Simply use the ideas and inspiration from this article and you'll be well on your way!

subset: commoncrawl


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From selfies to group photos, pictures have become an obsession to millions around the world who post theses photos on Social Media sites such as Instagram and Facebook, hoping to gain as many likes as possible.
These "likes" have quickly turned into a form of validation, giving users of these platforms a higher sense of self worth.
So how can you gain more likes on social media? Well, it's quite simple, take better pictures. There is a huge selection of Android photography apps to help snap-happy and selfie-crazy smartphone users enhance their pics. Alcatel suggests 8 apps that can enable you to create stylish, creative, beautiful images for social sharing.
1) Boomerang from Instagram
Make every moment more fun with Boomerang from Instagram. Create captivating mini videos that loop back and forth, then share them with your friends.
Get it here: Boomerang from Instagram
2) Snappy Photo Filters Stickers
Use this app to add cute and colourful stickers to your photos.
Get it here: Snappy Photo Filters Stickers
3) Photo Editor
Photo Editor – Photo Effects & Filter & Sticker is a comprehensive and easy-to-use tool that provides picture editing filters, effects, stickers and more.
Get it here: Photo Editor
4) Photo Collage – Photo Editor
Edit and combine photos into collages with perfect filters, frames and effects using this app.
Get it here: Photo Collage – Photo Editor
5) Garden Photo Frames
Don't leave your pictures incomplete – add some unbelievable effects with Garden Photo Frames.
Get it here: Garden Photo Frames
6) PIP Camera – Photo Editor Pro
PIP Camera sets your photo in another photo frame with some creative frames. PIP Camera is a spinoff of FotoRus' popular Pic-in-Pic mode, and it is more powerful with the new PIP Frames mode and PIP magazine Collage mode.
Get it here: PIP Camera – Photo Editor Pro
7) Selfie Camera – Filter & Sticker & Photo Editor
Selfie Camera is a beauty camera and editor for selfies, featuring brilliant live filters and stickers.
Get it here: Selfie Camera – Filter & Sticker & Photo Editor
8) Z Camera – Photo Editor
Z Camera is a freaky fast photo that lets you preview filter effects before taking pictures or shooting videos. It also lets you beautify your pictures with emoji, doodle, text and more.
Get it here: Z Camera – Photo Editor
Staff Writer


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Senegal: Safe drinking water for rural populations
In the Sine Saloum Delta in Senegal, the available surface and ground water is not suitable for human consumption because of high levels of salt and fluoride, causing serious illnesses. Swiss Fresh Water (SFW) has been running a pilot project in the region since May 2011, providing the rural population with access to affordable and safe drinking water. Local operators use SFW's small-scale, solar-powered desalination systems to produce water on-site and sell it for 1.5t €c/litre, creating local jobs and fostering entrepreneurship.
More on the project here


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Profile Information
I like to call myself "Josiefruit" a nickname made by my crush during my on-the-job-training days. However, he doesn't know he was my crush. That's alright I don't mind if he knows, anyway. If you check my birth certificate I am named, Josie Mae. That is why, most colleagues call me Josie. A tender Josie -not a girl not yet a woman. I am a "Negrense" but grew as "Cebuano". I've been living in the Queen City of the South for 17 years. If my family wasn't able to transfer here my dialect would be "Ilonggo". I believe it is part of God's great plan for me and my family. True enough because we are now settled down in a place where we can say "I'm home!" Life was not easy for me. That fact made me stronger and versatile person. I don't mind how big the problem is? I just put all the trust to God in finding ways on how to solve it. Whenever I cannot solve it on my own, I am not ashamed to admit that I can't because I am always willing to learn. I will be happy to ask assistance and follow instructions too. In the same manner, I am ready to share what I know. Right now, my favorite line is "Thank You." and "No Problem." If I am going to make a "Thank You" list for all the people who contributed much to my maturity as a person and achievements a whole page of bond paper is not enough. Like a little child - literal description of myself, I am loyal to everyone even to those who don't deserve my loyalty. One funny thing about me is I am always optimistic. It is just that I believe people and life is like a dry cell which has positive and negative sides. That you can welcome its negative side but you must focus on its positive side. That means I got flaws too but I don't treat them as hindrance instead I use it to do better. These must be one of God's gifts for me. With these characteristics, I finished my degree without putting heavy loads to my parents. I got educated, undergo professional trainings during college and even got the chance to learn on how to deal with clients and fellow workers as a working student at our school library. I can also fix computers with software and hardware problems. Right now, I can now boost the internet exposures of any websites. I can even finish a write ups now –which I think really hard to do when I was in high school and in college. Through self study I can edit pictures using photo editing software. I really believe life is a continuous learning process that is why I still aim to take my master's degree after my siblings finish their college education. Probably, in God's time and will; I will become a teacher.
|Display Name
|Job Title
|SEO Consultant
|Favorite Thing About SEO
|Link Building
|Additional Contact Info
|Favorite Topics
|Content Marketing, Link Building, Advanced SEO, Competitive Research, Search Engines


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Understanding Your Medicare Advantage Plan Benefits
October 17, 2018
1:00 p.m. - 2:00 p.m.
Lifestyle Center - East
5820 S. Eastern, Suite 100,
Las Vegas, NV 89119
Do you have questions about your Senior Dimensions® or AARP® MedicareComplete® (HMO) insured through UnitedHealthcare Medicare Advantage plan? Learn about the benefits offered to you under your plan.
Join us for an Understanding Your Medicare Advantage Plan Benefits Seminar. This is an opportunity to learn about the Senior Dimensions or AARP MedicareComplete benefits available to you.
A Medicare Advantage plan representative will present a benefits overview and answer general questions. This educational presentation is intended for those already covered by Senior Dimensions or AARP MedicareComplete (HMO) insured through UnitedHealthcare.


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The Finance Department is
responsible for designing and implementing financial controls, policy
and business process engineering that support the activities of the
University of the Western Cape (UWC). This provides a financial
framework to all parties mandated to transact on behalf of or with
the UWC. The main outcomes of Finance is to provide timeous
information to guide Executive Management and Council of the University
in their stewardship of the institution. To accomplish this, the following departments are incorporated in the Department of Finance:
Financial Accounting
Asset Management
Treasury & Cash Management
Systems & Information Integration
Management Accounting & Budgeting
Grants & Contracts
Student Finances: Student Credit Management (SCM) & Student Accounts
University of the Western Cape,
Robert Sobukwe Road,
Bellville, 7535,
Republic of South Africa
email@example.com | +27 21 959 2911


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Love your Pets Day
Did you know February 20 th, is the National Love your Pets Day? Are you looking for ways to celebrate your love with your four-legged companion? We are here to help you.
Get the boring things off and make your pets feel special. Express your love to your furry baby every day by following these tips. Try these ways and we are sure your furry baby will understand your care.
Learn the trick
Well, this is not the trick used in 'training'. This trick refers to something 'you' have to learn. Being a pet parent it's important to understand your pet's body language. Master the gestures and signs your pets show. It could be anxiety, love, happiness or an empty look.
To be more specific. For example, you do something interesting out of love. Your pet may or may not. Now to understand how your pet feels it's important for you to know their body language. They might look at you with a "hate" look! But you might mistake it as "Love it" look.
So we literally can't stress enough on 'how important for you to understand your pet's body language'.
We know it's the time to celebrate your love. You planned a lot for your furry baby. But did you plan to give them 'sound sleep time'? Sleep time matters a lot when coming to pet's health. A healthy dog sleeps for an average of 12-14 hours a day. Is your furry baby sleeping.
Intellectual stimulation
Giving intellectual stimulation is important for pets particularly for senior pets. This is simple to do but very effective. Arrange your pet things like treats, toys, puzzles, chew food, etc., at different places. Ask them to search and get them. This makes them think and search for their favorite toys, etc. And give a treat when they find the hidden belongings.
We throw treats as rewards. But we should give 'what they need' rather than 'what they want'. You see there is a big difference between 'want' and 'need'! Treats should always be healthy and bond building. Treats need not be eatables always. It could be clothes, shoes or even a gadget.
Related Article: Are We Feeding Our Dogs Right?
Dress up
If your furry baby is comfortable wearing a coat and shoes, go ahead. Dress up and make them look special because it's 'their' day! Take a bunch of pictures with your pet and share to. If your pet doesn't like to get dressed, go for shoes. Make them wear dog shoes. Train them how to walk with shoes because it saves your pet's life during the summer heat.
Finally, you certainly don't have to do a lot of stuff to make them feel special. 'Love Your Pet' Day is to create a bond with your furry baby. Try these tips and let us know your comments at email us.
Happy 'Love your Pet' Day.


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Phoenix Feather All Pavé Earrings (Large)
Handcrafted in 18k white gold with pavé diamonds (1.14ct).
- 18 karat yellow, rose, and white gold
- Round brilliant diamonds: 1.17ctw
- Width: 13mm / Length: 45mm
About the Phoenix Collection
Mimi's Phoenix collection represents freedom, spirituality and empowerment. Each glistening feather of the collection serves as an uplifting reminder to believe in yourself and to persevere.
Have a question? ✉ Contact us.


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Kay + Stemmer have popped up at Heal's with retro designs in the past, but the Otto Side Table is a piece they've created for SCP.
It has a circular base and top with a rectangular box drawer, all made of oak. The drawer is fully removable and can be opened from either side. It originally cost £340, but is now in the sale for just over £283.
Further details are available on the SCP website.


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Frost Brown Todd LLC
Russell is a member of Frost Brown Todd, LLC, with a practice concentrated in real estate, lending, oil and gas, and other commercial litigation. He represents title insurance underwriters, title insurance agents, mortgage brokers, lenders, and other corporate and individual clients in matters involving land title issues, mortgage fraud, real estate disputes, lending and truth-in-lending issues, insurance coverage issues, contract disputes, and business torts.
Russell is also a member of the Board of Managers of the law firm's title agency, Multi-State Title Agency, Ltd. Multi-State is an agent for six title insurance underwriters including Chicago Title Insurance Company, Commonwealth Land Title Insurance Company, Fidelity National Title Insurance Company, First American Title Insurance Company, Old Republic National Title Insurance Company, and Stewart Title Guaranty Company.


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Huricane Katrina
Hurricane Barry makes landfall in Louisiana as New Orleans avoids danger
By Tom Hall, 15 July 2019
The storm demonstrated the grossly inadequate level of disaster preparedness and infrastructure in what is supposedly the richest country on earth.
Major flooding inundates New Orleans as Tropical Storm Barry heads towards landfall
By Aaron Murch, 12 July 2019
Nearly 14 years after Hurricane Katrina, the city remains vulnerable to catastrophic flooding.
Lessons of Hurricane Katrina
31 August 2017
The World Socialist Web Site pamphlet on the devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina 12 years ago is critical reading in light of the current catastrophe in Texas.
Capitalism and the Houston flood catastrophe
By Tom Hall, 28 August 2017
Twelve years after Hurricane Katrina, a major hurricane has once against exposed the brutal reality of class relations in the United States.
Government indifference in the midst of historic Louisiana flooding
By Tom Hall, 20 August 2016
The federal government has promised only paltry sums to compensate flood victims, while Obama has delayed any visit until after his lavish vacation in Martha's Vineyard.
At least four dead, 18,000 rescued in historic flooding in Louisiana
By Tom Hall, 15 August 2016
A slow-moving weather system dumped record levels of rainfall on southern Louisiana, flooding thousands of homes and forcing thousands to flee to temporary shelters.
Louisiana law institutionalizes charter schools
By Matthew Taylor, 27 May 2016
New Orleans remains the center of the drive for the privatization of education, with a new state law making charter schools permanent under the guise of "local control."
Seven dead, hundreds homeless in Houston, Texas flood
By Shelley Connor, 20 April 2016
Houston's working class residents have been forced to flee rising waters with little assistance from the city or state governments.
Ten years since Hurricane Katrina: Part four
A legacy of poverty and austerity in New Orleans
By Tom Hall, 26 October 2015
The "rebuilding" process in New Orleans has left the city's working class more impoverished than ever before.
Ten years since Hurricane Katrina: Part three
The privatization of New Orleans schools
By Tom Hall, 24 October 2015
Charter school plans that were already well advanced were quickly acted upon in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina.
Ten years since Hurricane Katrina: Part two
Destruction of public housing and forced exodus of workers
By E.P. Bannon, 23 October 2015
New Orleans had a pre-hurricane population of 484,700. Today, it is 384,300, a 21 percent decline.
Ten years since Hurricane Katrina: Part one
The catastrophe unfolds
By E.P. Bannon, 22 October 2015
Thousands of survivors remained trapped inside the flood-ravaged city without access to food, water or clothing.
On 10-year anniversary of Katrina
Former presidents Bush and Clinton celebrate transformation of New Orleans
By Tom Hall, 31 August 2015
The Katrina catastrophe has been seized on by the political establishment to carry out a restructuring of class relations intended as a model for other cities.
David G. Spielman's The Katrina Decade—An unsentimental look at how things are now
By Christine Schofelt, 29 August 2015
Spielman is not given to the current fetish for "Ruins Photography." There is no romanticism in these pages.
On 10-year anniversary of Hurricane Katrina
Obama hails "entrepreneurial" transformation of New Orleans
By Patrick Martin, 28 August 2015
While Hurricane Katrina exposed the ugly face of American capitalism, the US president marked the tenth anniversary with a speech lauding the supposed successes of the profit system.
Ten years since Hurricane Katrina
By Joseph Kishore, 27 August 2015
The tragedy that struck the city of New Orleans, along with coastal areas from Florida to Texas, was not simply a natural disaster, but a social and political crime.
Large sections of New Orleans' levee system sinking
By Tom Hall, 1 June 2015
Portions of the $14.5 billion levee system installed after Hurricane Katrina will sink below federal certification levels before 2025.
New Orleans local school board makes its pitch to charter operators
By Tom Hall, 8 December 2014
The Orleans Parish School Board is attempting to coax charter operators at its former facilities, which were taken over after Hurricane Katrina, to return to their former district.
Former New Orleans mayor Ray Nagin found guilty of corruption
By Tom Hall, 17 February 2014
Nagin was found guilty in federal court of 20 charges related to corruption while in office.
Book review:
A hard life, then Hurricane Katrina: Jesmyn Ward's Salvage the Bones
By Sandy English, 13 August 2012
Jesmyn Ward's second novel, Salvage the Bones, is an organic and spontaneous portrait of a family living in Mississippi before, during and after the devastation of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
Fantastic version of post-Katrina Louisiana in Beasts of the Southern Wild
By Jordan Mattos, 14 July 2012
A creation of distinctly American design, Beasts of the Southern Wild disturbs and awes with fantastic images and the swelling music of a devastated region.
New Orleans police convicted in post-Katrina killing
By Naomi Spencer and E.P. Bannon, 14 December 2010
Three New Orleans police officers have been convicted for an unprovoked killing and cover-up following Hurricane Katrina.
Five years since Hurricane Katrina
By Naomi Spencer, 1 September 2010
The following is a republication of a series on the fifth anniversary of the Hurricane Katrina disaster, originally published in three parts on August 28-31, 2010.
Five years since Hurricane Katrina
Part 1: A manmade disaster
By Naomi Spencer, 28 August 2010
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall on the Gulf Coast of the United States. The world looked on in horror as the city of New Orleans was submerged, killing 1,800 and trapping thousands of poor residents for days without emergency provisions or rescue.
Mehring Books featured title
Hurricane Katrina: Social Consequences and Political Lessons
18 June 2010
This Mehring Books featured title provides an assessment of the social and political significance of the disaster caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005 along the US Gulf Coast.
Cover-up exposed in post-Katrina police killings
By Patrick Martin, 6 March 2010
A New Orleans police supervisor pled guilty February 24 in a federal court to charges of conspiracy to cover up the police shooting of six unarmed people a few days after Hurricane Katrina struck the city.
Texas hit hard by Hurricane Ike
By Naomi Spencer, 15 September 2008
Hurricane Ike made landfall on the heavily populated southeast coast of Texas early Saturday morning, causing flooding and widespread damage to cities along the Gulf.
US Gulf Coast deals with aftermath of Hurricane Gustav
By Kate Randall, 3 September 2008
Hurricane Gustav weakened to a tropical depression on Tuesday, with winds slowing to below 35 miles per hour and the storm forecast to cross into northeastern Texas. Gustav made landfall west of New Orleans as a relatively fast-moving Category 2 hurricane on Monday, substantially weaker than some predictions that it might come ashore as a massive Category 4 storm.
Hurricane Gustav threatens New Orleans, Gulf Coast
By Jerry White, 1 September 2008
As of this writing Hurricane Gustav is bearing down on the US Gulf Coast after its destructive passage through the Caribbean left more than 80 people dead in the Dominican Republic and Jamaica and severe damage and flooding in western Cuba, where the storm, considered the most powerful in half a century, included sustained winds of 150 miles per hour.
New Orleans: a scene of devastation and blight
Hurricane Katrina two years on—Part 2
By Naomi Spencer, 31 August 2007
The following is the second in a series of articles on the second anniversary of the Hurricane Katrina disaster. "Part 1: New Orleans—A city in social and economic distress" was posted on August 29. Future installments will deal with the state of the levee system, profiteering in the Gulf Opportunity Zone and other issues.
Charges dropped against New Orleans doctor in Katrina hospital deaths
By Shannon Jones, 26 July 2007
Charges were dropped July 24 against Dr. Anna Pou when a Louisiana grand jury failed to indict her in connection with the deaths of four severely ill patients during the evacuation of a New Orleans hospital flooded by Hurricane Katrina.
FEMA covered up toxic danger in trailers given to Katrina victims
By Andre Damon, 21 July 2007
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) systematically suppressed reports of high toxicity levels in trailers provided to victims of Hurricane Katrina, according to the findings of a congressional committee hearing Thursday.
The Gulf Coast one year later: Indices of a social disaster
By Naomi Spencer, 29 August 2006
One year ago today, in the early morning hours, Hurricane Katrina tore into the Gulf Coast of the US. Upon landfall, the Category 3 hurricane's storm surge caused massive damage in the states of Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi. The region was pummeled by 145 mile-an-hour winds and waves 28 feet high, resulting in widespread flooding.
One year since Hurricane Katrina: the rebuilding of Mississippi's Gulf Coast
By Jeff Lassahn, 26 August 2006
I recently traveled to Mississippi's Gulf Coast with the volunteer organization Presbyterian Disaster Assistance (PDA) to assist in ongoing relief efforts there. It is painfully obvious, nearly a year after Hurricane Katrina laid waste to the region, that the market-based approach to relief and reconstruction has left the entire region devastated, generating even higher levels of social inequality.
Doctor and nurses arrested in Katrina-related deaths
By Kate Randall, 22 July 2006
On orders from Louisiana Attorney General Charles C. Foti Jr., police arrested a doctor and two nurses Tuesday in connection with the deaths of patients at a New Orleans hospital in the days following Hurricane Katrina.
Returning to the scene of the crime: Bush visits New Orleans
By Jerry Isaacs, 10 March 2006
President Bush visited New Orleans Wednesday six months after Hurricane Katrina laid waste to much of the city. The president's appearance was aimed at deflecting criticisms of his administration's inept and indifferent response to the disaster—criticisms that have been revived by the release of evidence that Bush was warned the day before the hurricane hit the city that the levees would not be able to withstand the storm.
Hurricane Katrina and the "war on terrorism"
By Joe Kay, 18 February 2006
On Wednesday, a House Select Committee issued a report on its investigations into the government's preparations and response to Hurricane Katrina. On the same day, Michael Chertoff, the homeland security secretary, testified before the Senate Homeland Security Committee and was questioned about the actions of his department in the disaster.
Congressional report condemns government response to Hurricane Katrina
By Joe Kay, 14 February 2006
A select committee of the US House of Representatives is set to release a report Wednesday on the US government's handling of Hurricane Katrina. From drafts leaked to various news publications this week, it is already clear that the report presents a picture of an extraordinary lack of preparation and a completely incompetent response, which contributed to the deaths of over 1,000 people and the virtual destruction of a major American city.
White House stonewalls official Hurricane Katrina inquiry
By Naomi Spencer, 28 January 2006
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Three months after the Katrina disaster: New Orleans left for dead
By Kate Randall, 14 December 2005
An editorial last Sunday in the New York Times, headlined "Death of an American City," begins, "We are about to lose New Orleans." It goes on to state that "the moment is upon us when a major American city will die, leaving nothing but a few shells for tourists to visit like a museum."
50,000 Katrina evacuees without permanent housing
FEMA to stop paying hotel bills
By Elisa Brehm and Dan Caldwell, 30 November 2005
More than 50,000 people are still living in hotel rooms three months since the devastating consequences of Hurricane Katrina displaced as many as one million people. The Department of Homeland Security's Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is currently funding hotel stays for the evacuees who have not been able to find housing. After the next round of deadlines, FEMA will no longer pay the hotel bills.
The Asian tsunami, Hurricane Katrina and the Kashmiri earthquake: lessons for the working class
Wije Dias (Socialist Equality Party presidential candidate in Sri Lanka), 21 October 2005
Around the world people are witnessing a great horror unfolding in northern Pakistan and India. Just 10 months after a tsunami devastated South Asia and two months after Hurricane Katrina swept across the southern states of the US, more than 70,000 people have been killed by a massive earthquake in Kashmir and neighbouring areas.
In the wake of Katrina and Rita
Bush administration to expand military powers, attack social programs
By Joseph Kay, 27 September 2005
Less than a month after Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans and parts of Mississippi, and only a few days after Hurricane Rita hit Texas and Louisiana, the Bush administration is using these disasters as a pretext to expand the domestic role of the military, attack social programs, and further enrich a tiny layer of the population.
Hurricane Rita causes widespread damage but few deaths
By Patrick Martin, 26 September 2005
Hurricane Rita cut a swathe of destruction across southwestern Louisiana and parts of east Texas Saturday, but no deaths were reported in the coastal areas of either state because of a near-total evacuation of the affected regions. After several dozen deaths during the pre-storm evacuation in Texas, the first 36 hours after Rita made landfall saw only a single death reported, from a tornado in Mississippi, far from the main impact of the hurricane.
Blair and Murdoch defend Bush over Hurricane Katrina
By Chris Marsden, 23 September 2005
Rupert Murdoch inadvertently performed a public service when he cited an attack by Prime Minister Tony Blair on the BBC's coverage of Hurricane Katrina in which Blair described the network's reporting as "full of hate" for America.
Religion, science and Hurricane Katrina
By Joseph Kay, 19 September 2005
In his address to the nation from New Orleans last Thursday, Bush repeatedly invoked religion and religious organizations. The maudlin appeals to God went beyond even the president's stock-in-trade sermonizing.
Bush reassures American ruling class
Tax cuts to continue, social programs to be slashed in wake of Hurricane Katrina
the Editorial Board, 19 September 2005
The day after his speech from New Orleans pledging that the government "will do what it takes, will stay as long as it takes, to help citizens rebuild their communities and their lives," President Bush hastened to reassure the American ruling elite on Friday that whatever spending is required, it will not hurt the pocket books of the wealthy. Bush vowed that spending on the hurricane-devastated region would come from cuts in other parts of the federal budget.
The New York Times and Bush's New Orleans speech
By Patrick Martin, 17 September 2005
The debased and servile state of the US media was on display in its response to President Bush's Thursday night speech in New Orleans. Press reports and commentaries were largely favorable, depicting Bush's words as a serious effort to grapple with issues of poverty and inequality that have never before been on the radar screen of this administration, and his proposals as a significant pledge of federal aid to the victims of Hurricane Katrina.
Bush's vision for New Orleans: a profiteer's paradise
By Barry Grey, 16 September 2005
Striding across a deserted field to a podium in Jackson Square, a landmark in a desolate city, President George W. Bush addressed the nation Thursday night in a rare nationally televised prime-time speech.
Profit system, not nature, main obstacle to rebuilding New Orleans
the Editorial Board, 15 September 2005
With each passing day, the immense scale of the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina emerges more clearly, along with the enormity of the effort required to rebuild homes and social infrastructure for nearly two million people. Nearly 700 bodies have been recovered so far, and the death toll seems certain to mount into the thousands as houses cut off by high water become accessible to search crews.
Forty-five bodies recovered at New Orleans hospital
By Kate Randall, 14 September 2005
The discovery of 45 bodies at a flooded hospital in uptown New Orleans on Sunday is the latest grisly testament to the needless loss of life from Hurricane Katrina. Like many of the victims, the majority of these 45 people were not killed by the impact of the storm itself, but by the failure of authorities to evacuate stranded, dehydrated and starving people for days on end after Katrina struck.
Hurricane Katrina and the meaning of September 11
By Patrick Martin, 12 September 2005
September 11, 2005 marked the fourth anniversary of the worst terrorist attack in US history, with nearly 3,000 innocent people killed as a consequence of the hijacking of the four jetliners that destroyed the twin towers of the World Trade Center and damaged the Pentagon. It also marked two weeks since Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast, causing the worst natural disaster in US history and revealing the unpreparedness of the US government at all levels, federal state and local, for a tragedy that was widely forecast and predicted.
Bush suspends Davis-Bacon Act
Wage-cutting and profit-gouging in the midst of the Katrina disaster
By Kate Randall, 12 September 2005
In a shameless display of a brutal class policy, President Bush on Thursday suspended the provisions of a law that requires employers to pay the locally prevailing wage to workers on federally financed projects. The suspension applies to areas of the country devastated by Hurricane Katrina—parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida.
Eyewitness to the New Orleans disaster: report from a WSWS reader
6 September 2005
The World Socialist Web Site received a letter from New Orleans resident RC on September 3 describing his reactions to the disaster that unfolded in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. On September 4, he sent a further account of his personal experience of the hurricane and its aftermath. We publish both of these letters below.
Hurricane Katrina disaster shows the failure of the profit system
World Socialist Web Site Editorial Board, 6 September 2005
The devastation in Louisiana and Mississippi in the wake of Hurricane Katrina will forever change the way broad masses of American working people look upon their government and society. The shock of the storm and the subsequent inundation of New Orleans have exposed the rottenness of the existing social order. It was not only the levees that failed, but the social and political institutions on which millions of people rely.
Letters on Hurricane Katrina
3 September 2005
The following is a selection of letters to the World Socialist Web Site on Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath.
Bush postures while hurricane death toll skyrockets
By Patrick Martin, 3 September 2005
While President George W. Bush made a show of sympathy and concern for the victims of Hurricane Katrina, in a day of stage-managed public relations appearances in Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, the death toll from the worst natural disaster in US history soared. In Mississippi alone, some 180 bodies have been identified, with uncounted hundreds still to be recovered in the rubble. In New Orleans, the death toll is likely to reach many thousands, and no one has even begun to count.
Washington tries to evade political responsibility for Katrina's devastating impact
By Joseph Kay, 2 September 2005
In the wake of Hurricane Katrina's devastating impact, Washington, abetted by the US media, has begun a process of historical falsification aimed at obscuring government responsibility for the enormous extent of damage, particularly to the city of New Orleans. Definite decisions were made that served to exacerbate the hurricane's effects and endanger the lives of tens of thousands of people.
Hurricane Katrina's aftermath: from natural disaster to national humiliation
World Socialist Web Site Editorial Board, 2 September 2005
This statement is available as a PDF leaflet to download and distribute
Crackdown on looting
New Orleans police ordered to stop saving lives and start saving property
By Patrick Martin, 1 September 2005
New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin ordered nearly the entire active police force in the flood-ravaged city to abandon rescue operations Wednesday night and focus on efforts to halt looting. The decision came in response to mounting pressure from sensationalized media coverage which is increasingly placing emphasis on the property damage done by looters, suggesting that it has become nearly as significant a social problem as the virtual destruction of the city by Hurricane Katrina.
Hurricane Katrina: a calamity compounded by poverty and neglect
By Joseph Kay, 31 August 2005
The enormous devastation wreaked upon parts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama by Hurricane Katrina is only beginning to come to light, even as the situation in New Orleans grows worse by the hour. Large parts of the coastal regions of these states along the Gulf of Mexico have experienced extensive flooding, destruction of buildings and homes, and loss of life.