text:
28 August 2007
Clanging symbols
"Well after all, that's just symbolic, isn't it?"
Guess the topic. Is that about Revelation, predictive prophecy, apocalyptic? Parables? Proverbial metaphors? Heaven, Hell?
It could fit any of those and more. Now, my hermeneutic approach is resolutely grammatico-historical. That conviction is essential to me, equally was instrumental in my conversion, and insofar as I am consistent, it explains every theological position I hold.
That position has always allowed for the obvious presence of symbolic elements in the Bible. (Hint: when someone criticizes this position as not allowing for the symbolic, that is a sure sign that he hasn't a clue.) So I'd have no problem with the occasional employment of the opening statement.
Except for one word: "just."
See, here's the thing about the use of symbolism. Symbolism never is used to point to something less than the symbol, but something greater.
For instance: you might say that the term "Branch" is symbolic of Messiah (Isaiah 11:1), or that the image of the stone is Messianic symbolism (Zechariah 3:9); or that the "smoking fire pot and ...flaming torch" of Genesis 15:17 is symbolic of Yahweh's presence. All true. But while we can gladly agree that each is symbolic, we would never imagine that the reality thus symbolized is less than the symbol itself — that Messiah is less than a branch or a stone, or that God is less than a smoking fire pot or flaming torch.
The symbol is but a lowly signpost, pointing away from itself to the great reality.
Which brings to mind an interchange some thirty-plus years ago, when I was a relatively new Christian. A non-Christian coworker conversationally challenged the reality of the fires of Hell, since the symbol would be meaningless as a threat to an Eskimo.
Even at the time, I think I responded that if an Eskimo were to stick his hand in a fire, he'd find the threat real enough.
It's a commonplace to dismiss the fires of Hell (or the pearl gates of the eternal city) as symbols. Dismissers feel quite sage and urbane, and I'm certain that they feel they've lowered Hell's terror-index appreciably by this dismissal.
Are they symbols? Maybe, maybe not. But I am certain of one thing.
If they are symbolic descriptions, then the reality is far more intense, and far more terrifying (— or, in the city's case, more glorious) than the symbol itself.
Symbol? Maybe.
Just a symbol?
67 comments:
Hey Dan,
First drums and now cymbals. What's going on?
Oh, symbols...
- 8:02 AM, August 28, 2007
- Daryl said...
Great post Dan. Your point is so obvious, yet I'd never considered it in that way...Thanks.
- 8:04 AM, August 28, 2007
- steve said...
The symbol is but a lowly signpost, pointing away from itself to the great reality.
Well put, Dan.
We do no favors for anyone when we diminish the severity of hell. Jesus knew better than anyone what awaits those who go to hell--which is why His warnings were so emphatic.
- 8:06 AM, August 28, 2007
- LeeC said...
John- " Oh thats just a metaphor"
Steve- "A metaphor? A metaphor OF WHAT?"
- 8:56 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
Your point is so obvious
My specialty.
< bows >
- 9:03 AM, August 28, 2007
- Jim Crigler said...
As a lifelong Southern Baptist whp has been listening a lot to Lutherans (Rosenbladt & Wilken) lately, I wonder what you have to say about baptism and the Lord's supper in this regard. I know what I was taught to believe in these things, but Lutherans seem to have the advantage of reading the institution passages rather simply, i.e., the way you argued a while back for your reading of the Revelation.
- 9:10 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
Me, I'd say the more representative reading is the simpler, obvious meaning. He's standing there, with them, body intact and blood still in His veins. Odds that He means that the bread and cup actually are His literal body and blood? Zero.
And if this thread goes irreparably off-track, you're getting the bill, Crigler.
- 9:17 AM, August 28, 2007
- FX Turk said...
Not to get all on-topic or anything, but this ranks as one of the best sentences ever posted on this blog:
Symbolism never is used to point to something less than the symbol, but something greater.
If people got that part, the rest is quibbling.
- 9:26 AM, August 28, 2007
- LeeC said...
I would think 1 Cor 11 26-28 is clear that it is bread is bread, and wine is wine in the simplest reading. You do not need to remember what you have in front of you, but you may use something as a "type" to remind you of that thing.
No one who sees the commercial "This is your brain. This is your brain on drugs" as literal, and yet there are no qualifiers.
- 9:35 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
Thank you, Frank — and that really is my one main central point. The rest is illustrative.
- 9:37 AM, August 28, 2007
- Kay said...
quibbling? In the comments at Teampyro? For shame! I've never seen such a thing!
(thanks for the off-topic comment, Dan, really helpful to me at the moment)
- 9:53 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
BTW, OPN — thanks for the chuckle.
- 10:01 AM, August 28, 2007
- David Regier said...
I'm bugged when someone says as we prepare to receive communion, "The bread and the cup are merely a symbol. . ."
You can't say "merely" about the Lord's Supper, and then get your knickers in a wad about flag burning.
- 10:11 AM, August 28, 2007
- Daryl said...
That's not a flag...that's a real country you're burning!!!
- 10:15 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
That's a good point, David.
Of course, they're meaning to correct the blasphemous errors of Rome and its hocus-pocus about "the Mass." But an error in an opposite direction is still an error.
It's a bit of a reach of an analogy, but I liken it to a wedding ring. My wedding ring is not my marriage. But I'd not say it's "just" a symbol, because what it symbolizes to me is precious and unparalleled in human relations.
- 10:28 AM, August 28, 2007
- Jake said...
Dan- Great post, reminds me of something written by C.S. Lewis where he discusses his belief that the language used to describe Heaven and Hell is symbolic, however that fact in no way takes the edge off either of them. If anything, it makes them even more awesome by removing the limitations imposed by an overly-literal interpretation.
- 10:44 AM, August 28, 2007
"It's a commonplace to dismiss the fires of Hell (or the pearl gates of the eternal city) as symbols. Dismissers feel quite sage and urbane, and I'm certain that they feel they've lowered Hell's terror-index appreciably by this dismissal".
Charles Russell comes to mind...
- 10:46 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
Exactly. If it isn't literal fire and worms, then it's vastly worse than literal fire and worms.
Conversely, if it isn't literal pearl and gold (etc.), then it's unimaginably more grand and glorious than pearl and gold.
- 10:50 AM, August 28, 2007
- Mike Riccardi said...
This might not be where you wanted this to go either, Dan, but you mention the grammatico-historical hermeneutic. I've been quite interested in hearing a defense for why this hermeneutic is the best vs. others, and why other folks think other hermeneutical systems are better.
Think you could do that in 50 words or less? LoL... just kidding. Any resources are welcome as well.
- 10:50 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
(I was interrupted -- my last comment was to Jake's last comment)
- 10:51 AM, August 28, 2007
- Strong Tower said...
it's those funny little cuts on the side that give it away. Those analysis droids only concentrate on symbols...respect the difference between knowledge and wisdom...if droids could think there would not be any of us
curiosity killed the cat, but in the case of Scripture we are encouraged to look for what has been revealed, this bush that is not consumed, God knows where all the gold is buried and the road to it, but what is God's and is hidden belongs to God, alone.
if there was Scripture that said fires of hell equal, we could find Kamino, too...
it is enough to know that Hell is separation from God and subjection to everything that opposes Him, death, corruption, decay, absolute darkness, burning passions without satisfaction, alone forever consumed by self....
What really is freaky is that some will be pue-nished with more stripes than other by the Bossness, and in light of the eternality of hell, that all becomes quite incomprensible
- 10:59 AM, August 28, 2007
- 11:10 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
Yes, Mike, I can do it in 50 words or less.
It's the best because "Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, 2 but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son" (Hebrews 1:1-2a).
Brief explication:
He didn't talk to us over the heads of the fathers; he didn't talk to the Magisterium over the heads of "us." He utilized normal canons of communication. It's wasn't a lie or a cheat.
For more unpacking, for which none of my fellow-Pyro's is to be billed, see here.
And if that gets us too off-topic, YOU get the bill, Mike.
- 11:10 AM, August 28, 2007
- LeeC said...
here is one fo my favorites.
Redrawing The Line Between Hermeneutics and Application
- 11:29 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
Yeah, I suppose that's okay too, Lee.
- 11:34 AM, August 28, 2007
- Stefan Ewing said...
Thank you, Dan, for this thought. As others have already mentioned, this idea is so simple and seemingly obvious (in retrospect! ;)), but profound and for me, it wasn't obvious until I read it here in writing just a few moments ago.
Thanks also for the excursus on the grammatico-historical hermeneutic.
- 11:43 AM, August 28, 2007
- separateunion said...
I hope this isn't too much of a shameless plug, but my sister and I are pretty regular readers of your site and we absolutely love it. In honor of the spectacular group of people here, my sister has created a facebook group called Pyromaniacs. If any of you happen to be on facebook, we'd love to have you join our group so we can discuss all thing pyromaniacal.
- 11:59 AM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
A... a Pyromaniacs facebook?
I have no words.
- 12:05 PM, August 28, 2007
- donsands said...
Amen. Excellent post.
- 12:05 PM, August 28, 2007
- LeeC said...
Hey, no disrespect to yours Dan. I love what you have put together, very readable, and yet thorough with lots of real life application. You already had put that link up though.
Brians' article comes at it from a more "Ok, so what hermeneutic should I use?" approach instead of "This is what the grammatico-historical hermeneutic is." And as such seemed in line with what mike was asking for...if waaaay over 50 words. :D
Or I may just have serious reading comprehension issues. ;-)
- 12:07 PM, August 28, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
'Symbolism never is used to point to something less than the symbol, but something greater.
If people got that part, the rest is quibbling.'
I must not get it, or maybe I'm quibbling. It seems to imply that it's downright impossible for me to use fantastic symbolic imagery to make relatively small points. But we do this all the time:
"If I don't stop studying my head will explode!"
Does the quote above entail that if I don't stop studying, something even worse will happen than my head exploding?
Don't we tell our kids stories that involve loads of grand symbolic imagery to make relatively mundane points? If we don't, it at least seems *possible*, no?
"If you don't say thank you the Thank You Monster will return your lack of gratefulness by blowing his nose on all your toys."
Maybe we just need to be clearer about what counts as symbolic language.
- 12:07 PM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
Find a symbol in the Bible (not your own speech) that you'd like to discuss.
- 12:27 PM, August 28, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
Oops, sorry. I thought it was a blanket claim about symbolism. If I can think of one I'll throw it out there.
Although, it seems to me that, given the admission that ordinary language is capable of making small points w/ big symbolism (and indeed often does so), the burden of proof would be on you to show that the Bible doesn't. A priori, I see no reason whatsoever to think the Bible works differently regarding symbolic language.
You must be making an a posteriori claim about how the Bible actually uses symbolism. Without the blanket thesis about symbolism, I fear this is going to be hard to justify in most cases. If it's false that, necessarily, symbolic language always signifies the greater, then why think Jesus' talk about hell signifies the greater? If the blanket thesis is false, we need reasons for thinking that Jesus signifies something greater w/ his hell imagery. What reasons do you have in mind?
- 12:37 PM, August 28, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
(And I take it we would need more than just the claim that other instances of symbolic imagery in the Bible point to the greater. If in the course of one day I can use symbolic language to point to the greater and the lesser, presumably the biblical authors could too.)
- 12:43 PM, August 28, 2007
- DJP said...
And if you do it today, the Biblical writers must have done it three thousand years ago.
Though, so far, your example count stands at zero.
- 12:46 PM, August 28, 2007
- Stefan Ewing said...
Forgive me for continuing the off-topic tangential subtheme already established, but by the way, I appreciate your and Cent's repeated referencing of the opening verses of Hebrews.
Before I was saved, the Lord led me to a Bible study group that was finishing up Leviticus...the next year, we worked through Hebrews. The Holy Spirit's guiding me to understanding that book—especially in light of Leviticus—was a pivotal part of my journey to conversion. The completion of the "trifecta" was in the sermon series on Romans 9-11 that our pastor did this past winter. When he got to Paul's olive tree metaphor (hence my avatar, writing as a Jewish Christian) and mentioned that the entire New Testament is a commentary on the Old Testament, the process was complete. The Lord had done his work, and eleven days later I repented and was saved.
Of course, there's a LOT more to that story, as is the case for everyone else here, but suffice it to say that as far as the written Word is concerned, Hebrews 1:1-2 is one of the linchpins that holds it all together.
- 12:59 PM, August 28, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
How about when Ezekiel chastises the king of Egypt:
"I will strew your sinews upon the mountains, and fill the valleys with your carcass. I will drench the land even to the mountains w/ your flowing blood; and the watercourses will be full of you. When I blot you out, I will cover the heavens, and make their stars dark; I will cover the sun w/ a cloud, and the moon shall not give its light. All the bright lights of heaven will I make dark upon your land, says the Lord God'
Ezekiel 32.5-8
Four options:
(1) The passage is strictly literal. These things will really happen to Pharaoh; his carcass will *fill* the valleys (plural).
(2) The passage is symbolic and points to the greater. Things actually worse than Pharaoh's carcass filling the valleys, and the waterways running w/ Pharaoh's blood, are in the works.
(3) The passage is symbolic and points to the lesser. Pharaoh will be overthrown, his kingdom destroyed, but it won't actually involve the darkening of stars or Pharaoh's sinews being strewn on the mountains. It will no doubt be bad, but not quite so bad, or at least differently bad, not so fantastically bad, as a literal reading implies.
(3) seems by far the most plausible.
There is also a fourth option, which is that, w/ respect to the Pharaoh's coming destruction, the passage points to the lesser, but w/ respect to some future not-explicitly-specified event, (e.g., Christ's judgment of wicked nations at the eschaton), it points to the greater. Even if this is so, it would still be true that, w/ respect to Pharaoh's impending doom, the imagery points to the lesser. And that's all my argument needs.
I think the OT uses fantastic, catastrophic, apocalyptic imagery all the time to depict the coming disintegration of some nation, or some radical way in which YHWH is planning to move in the world. In most of these cases the imagery is so over the top that I think we should conclude it points to the lesser. Some big OT event is going to happen, but it's not going to involve stars literally falling from the sky or rivers being filled with blood.
- 1:13 PM, August 28, 2007
- Daryl said...
His word will not return void. We're all thankful that it softened you and didn't harden you Sewing.
- 1:15 PM, August 28, 2007
- FX Turk said...
Warning to DJP:
Luke is not the average bear.
- 1:25 PM, August 28, 2007
"Symbolism never is used to point to something less than the symbol, but something greater."
This is what puzzles me about the rancor against the EC here. As an ECer, I LOVE this sentiment. If we can say this about metaphor, can we also say this about parable, poetry, story and narrative? If not, why not?
Look, I learned about the EC from "this neck of the woods" - (not sure what you guys call yourself besides The Only True Christians TM ) and I read some EC stuff and I noticed something very strange. They engage the things you say and try to be fair with the nuances (I'm thinking of the Calvinist chapter in Generous Orthodoxy) but it seems like you look for the most lunatic fringe you can find on the EC and paint that as the core.
But what Dan said seems very "EC." I'm just wondering what Dan would say is the main difference between how Emergents see it as opposed to "The Only Real Christians"?
- 1:42 PM, August 28, 2007
- farmboy said...
"(3) seems by far the most plausible."
Why does (3) seem the most plausible? From what perspective does (3) seem the most plausible? Do the assumptions implicit in this perspective preclude (2) from being plausible? From a Divine perspective is (2) any less plausible than (3)?
"If we can say this about metaphor, can we also say this about parable, poetry, story and narrative? If not, why not?"
If what one can reasonably state about metaphor can also be reasonably stated about parable, poetry, story (a synonym for narrative?) and narrative, then what is the use in distinguishing between metaphor, poetry, story and narrative?
- 2:38 PM, August 28, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
Well, (3) seems the most plausible from a grammatico-historical perspective. I'd also be willing to wager that the consensus among the Fathers and the tradition generally w/ respect to this passage is something like (3). (Please feel free to call me on this, somebody!)
I'm willing to entertain the possibility of (2). What reasons can you give me?
As for the divine perspective, I take it the only way we could know what God thinks about whether (2) or (3) is more plausible is if we find some other text of Scripture that we can justifiably conclude works as a hermeneutic key to this one, and in particular has something substantive to say about which option is more plausible. Do you have such a text in mind?
It seems Dan's principle about metaphor should (at least ideally) be defensible without resorting to: "Well, that may not seem greater for you, but it does for God!" At this point I want to ask why, if the use of symbolic language in the Bible doesn't always point to what is, recognizably for us, the greater, we should buy this principle at all? Why should we assume, appearances to the contrary notwithstanding, that the symbolism in the Ezekiel passage points to the greater? If we admit that from our perspective it may not always look like Biblical symbolism necessarily points to the greater--and absent an explicit, or quasi-explicit statement of it in Scripture--what justified us in accepting the principle at all? How can we even come up with the principle in the first place, if not through a faulty inductive process that simply ignores cases where it looks the world as if symbolic biblical imagery points to the lesser?
- 3:43 PM, August 28, 2007
- FX Turk said...
| This is what puzzles me about the
| rancor against the EC here. As an
| ECer, I LOVE this sentiment. If we
| can say this about metaphor, can we
| also say this about parable, poetry,
| story and narrative? If not, why not?
We can say, "Genre." For example, poetry frequently employs hyperbole.
And this would be one of the reasons there is rancor toward ECMers here – saying it as charitably as possible, it's got unwarranted youthful enthusiasm.
When I was a college sophomore, I knew I didn't know everything, but I also knew I knew a lot more than I did just 2 years previous – and it was obvious to me that I knew a lot more than the average person did about a lot of things.
It was obvious to me. It was not so obvious to people who were, say, two years older than me, or three years older than me who had to work for a living.
When Dan says something brilliant like "Symbolism never is used to point to something less than the symbol, but something greater," somehow it comes a great shock to ECMers that Dan is a literate person – conservative, middle-aged Dan is literate and has a grasp of reading which exceeds the prerequisites to read, say, "see Dick run", and probably exceeds the prereqs to reading Dante's Inferno well.
The rancor "against the ECM" here stems from this: just because Dan makes one excellent, general point, you can't just slap it on every genre and every example of metaphor and simile under the headline of "symbol". Trying to do so misses both his point and a plethora of contextual issues.
You guys who are allegedly the experts at cultural context.
| Look, I learned about the EC from
| "this neck of the woods" - (not sure
| what you guys call yourself besides
| The Only True Christians TM ) . . .
This would be another reason to furrow one's brow at ECM advocates: the blog is called "PyroManiacs" or "TeamPyro", and as far as our faith goes, we call ourselves "Christians" and "Baptists". You should look a little harder if you think we're drawing a small circle for ourselves and pony up some evidence.
| . . . and I
| read some EC stuff and I noticed
| something very strange. They engage
| the things you say and try to be fair
| with the nuances (I'm thinking of the
| Calvinist chapter in Generous
| Orthodoxy) but it seems like you look
| for the most lunatic fringe you can
| find on the EC and paint that as the
| core.
I am pretty sure that Dan Kimball and Bob would be pretty mad at you for calling them "the most lunatic fringe", McLaren on Calvinism notwithstanding.
| But what Dan said seems very "EC."
| I'm just wondering what Dan would
| say is the main difference between
| how Emergents see it as opposed to
| "The Only Real Christians"?
Can't speak directly for Dan, or "The Only Real Christians", but I think the main thing would be the willingness to bash one's head against a brick wall past the place where it is painful and into the place where it is sacrificial.
- 4:42 PM, August 28, 2007
- farmboy said...
Has the prophecy of Ezekiel 32:2-8 been fulfilled? If so, then one can establish a link between the symbol and that to which the symbol refers. However, if this prophecy has not been fulfilled, then one cannot yet establish such a link. Commenting on this passage Keil and Delitzsch observe: "The thought on which the figure rests is that of the day of the Lord, the day of God's judgment, on which the lights of heaven lose their brightness (cf. ch. 30:3 and Joel 2:10, etc.). This day bursts upon Egypt with the fall of Pharaoh, and on it the shining stars of heaven are darkened, so that the land of Pharaoh becomes dark. Egypt is a world-power represented by Pharaoh, which collapses with his fall. But the overthrow of this world-power is an omen and prelude of the overthrow of every ungodly world-power on the day of the last judgment, when the present heaven and the present earth will perish in the judgment-fire" (Volume 9, pages 268-269).
Egypt and Pharaoh are of important theological significance. The exodus liberated God's chosen people from the tyranny and oppression of Egypt and Pharaoh. This liberation foreshadows the liberation from the tyranny and oppression of sin that Jesus Christ obtained for God's chosen people on the cross. (As an aside, in these two cases the biblical understanding of liberation or freedom is "freedom from" as opposed to "freedom to".) Given all this, one can make the case that Ezekiel's prophecy will not be ultimately fulfilled until Jesus Christ's second coming and the final judgment. Following this line of interpretation, the passage in question is symbolic and the symbol refers to the greater. This is consistent with Mr. Phillips' post.
Given the above, if I were to attempt to make the case that the biblical record uses symbols in cases where the symbol refers to the lesser, I wouldn't offer Ezekiel 32:2-8 as the first passage in support of this position. If this is the best evidence that one can offer from the biblical record in support of the "symbol refers to the lesser" position, one can argue that this is actually evidence in support of the "symbol refers to the greater" position.
- 5:00 PM, August 28, 2007
Hey Cent, thanks for the response.
Just a few thoughts:
I understand that you and Dan and Phil are probably much more formally "learned" in certain areas than I am and I won't even try to pretend otherwise. But these issues shouldn't be only for those who went to the "authorized" schools or have a certain number of degrees. So I understand you think my original question was very simple-minded and that I am missing all of the extra-contextual layers that you and Dan are able to draw from. That's great - but it was an honest question and I'm just curious why a symbol that points to something greater than itself (not something that's able to be gutted of its propositional meaning) stands apart from poetry, parable and narrative? I understand I don't have PhD, but talk slowly and spell out the big word phone-et-ic-ally and I might be able to get the jist of it.
Good teaching is the ability to communicate one's ideas without resorting to scholastic elitist, isn't it?
- 5:38 PM, August 28, 2007
- Unknown said...
Hi farmboy,
Suppose it's true that Ezek. 32.2-8 points to something beyond the imminent fall of Egypt. Fine. (I made room for this in my previous post, as the fourth option.) It's still true that the passage in its immediate historical context refers to the downfall of Egypt. Keil and Delitzsch recognize this when they say: 'This day bursts upon Egypt with the fall of Pharaoh, and on it the shining stars of heaven are darkened, so that the land of Pharaoh becomes dark. Egypt is a world-power represented by Pharaoh, which collapses with his fall.' It's interesting to note that they seems to endorse a literalist gloss for at least one element of the passage, the stars being literally darkened.
But at any rate, my point is this: I concede that, with respect to the future cosmic eschatalogical Day of the Lord, the symbolism in this passage may very well point to the greater. But this doesn't entail that, w/ respect to Egypt's imminent demise, the symbolism points to the greater. We can't lose sight of the immediate historical context of this passage, which is Egypt and the punishment God intends to bring. This prophecy was fulfilled when Egypt fell. The question is whether the events involved in Egypt's actual fall were more or less gruesome, or cataclysmic, than the symbolic language of the passage implies. My point is just that it's more plausible to think that, while the downfall of Egypt was no doubt a terrible sight to behold, it was in some sense "lesser" than the stars being darkened, Pharaoh's sinews being srewn upon mountains, his carcass filling (!) multiple vallies, the land up to the mountains being drenched w/ his running blood, etc.
The reason I picked this passage was because it's a token of what I take to be a common type in the OT: the use of apocalyptic imagery and symbolism to describe an impending event that will be terrible and significant, though not quite so cosmically cataclysmic (sky darkened, stars falling, etc) as the symbolism describes. In fact, this may not be very popular around here, but this is, for many scholars these days, just how apocalyptic imagery in general works. It employs cosmic and cataclysmic images in an attempt to interpret important earthly happenings, be they political or religious or both. In cases like this the events described, the objects of apocalyptic imagery, will in most cases be "lesser" than the symbolism, just because the symbolism's so extreme and cataclysmic. The symbolism is trying to make a point about significant earthly happenings, and to do this it calls upon the most powerful symbols and images at its disposal.
- 5:39 PM, August 28, 2007
- farmboy said...
"In fact, this may not be very popular around here, but this is, for many scholars these days, just how apocalyptic imagery in general works. It employs cosmic and cataclysmic images in an attempt to interpret important earthly happenings, be they political or religious or both."
While I can't vouch for how others might receive this view, as a Reformed Baptist, this is a position I am receptive to. I see this as one of the advantages of the apocalyptic genre - it uses imagery to depict an ongoing conflict, a conflict that evidences itself at various points in time and space.
Maybe I'm making too fine a distinction, but I distinguish between prophecy and apocalypse, where a prophecy has a single fulfillment, while an apocalyptic conflict can have multiple fulfillments in the sense that the apocalypse evidences itself at various points in time and space.
Given the above, the images in apocalyptic writings do not have a one-to-one reference. My take is that the symbols that Mr. Phillips was referring to were those that had a one-to-one reference, with the symbol referring to a single object or event.
- 6:08 PM, August 28, 2007
- Unknown said...
I like fine distinctions. I agree that your move might give Dan a way out on the Ezekiel passage, depending on whether he's hip to your proposal. But I doubt we could get around every other similar passage in the OT in the same way. Plus on your approach there's always the question of whether the symbols have a one-to-one reference or more, which is going to be sticky, controversial, and hard-to-decide in most cases.
- 6:19 PM, August 28, 2007
- farmboy said...
"I'm just curious why a symbol that points to something greater than itself (not something that's able to be gutted of its propositional meaning) stands apart from poetry, parable and narrative?"
Read and compare Acts with Revelation. They are both inspired, inerrant books of the Bible, but they are written in significantly different styles. Much of Acts is a matter-of-fact recounting of significant events in the history of the first century Church. In a narrative of this sort there is no need for imagery or symbolism.
Contrast this with Revelation, a book that depicts the ongoing conflict between God and evil and God's ultimate triumph. With Revelation - whatever position you stake out within the range of interpretations found within the conservative evangelical camp - imagery and symbolism is absolutely necessary to effectively depict this conflict.
In the end, imagery or symbolism are used where these techniques are necessary to effectively commuicate the desired point. Where these techniques aren't needed, they aren't used.
Joe Friday could write good narrative. He might have had trouble with apocalypse.
- 6:23 PM, August 28, 2007
- Neil said...
This was excellent.
It was pyromaniacs group 73 of 122. Yikes.
I still don't get facebook. But I've discovered it's a good way to spy on my teenagers, so it's good.
- 7:45 PM, August 28, 2007
- Mike Riccardi said...
Maybe the part of the prophecy that's what farmboy would call "prophecy and not apocalyptic" is hyperbole and the eschatalogical part is symbolism. So Pharaoh's carcass being strewn across valleys is showing how significant and absolute his fall was.
Not really sure. And it's late on the East coast. But I'm just seeing it as a way that one doesn't have to commit to Luke's exception to Dan's posited symbol rule.
Sorry if I don't make any sense. I'll catch you guys tomorrow.
- 8:20 PM, August 28, 2007
- David Rudd said...
Good teaching is the ability to communicate one's ideas without resorting to scholastic elitist...
is that yours or are you quoting someone? i'd like to use it.
i'd love to hear you engage Luke. I think you both make excellent points, and i'd like to see if there is a synthesis.
- 9:52 PM, August 28, 2007
- tonymyles said...
Intriguing thought... I like it a lot and think if we could grasp the concept of symbolism from the slant you take the entire Church just might stand on tiptoe for once.
- 10:28 PM, August 28, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
Hi Mike,
I guess I've been assuming that hyperbolic language is just a species of symbolic language; if so, calling the 'prophecy' aspect of the Ezekiel passage--its use in relation to the imminent fall of Egypt--hyperbolic concedes my point, since hyperbole generally uses fantastic language and images to make a "lesser" point.
But maybe you're pointing to the deeper problem, which is this: I'm not exactly sure how Dan's using "symbolism," and how it relates to metaphor, hyperbole, apocalyptic, etc. I've been assuming that symbolic language is something like the broad genus of which metaphor, hyperbole, apocalyptic, etc. are more specific species. I could be wrong about this; haven't thought about it much. For all I know there's a better way of distinguishing them; someone call me out!
If Dan has a different, more determinate conception of "symbolism" in mind, he might be able to dismiss the Ezekiel counterexample (and others as well). One problem is that the symbolic language Dan drew attention to in his original post--Jesus' words about hell--doesn't seem different in kind than the language of the Ezekiel passage; the two seem quite similar. So if the principle applies to Jesus' words about hell, and if the Ezekiel passage is, as seems, relevantly similar, the principle should apply to the Ezekiel passage (in its immediate historical, not apocalyptic, context) too. But it seems false w/ respect to the Ezekiel passage (and many others, I think).
- 6:12 AM, August 29, 2007
David Rudd,
Yeah, it's mine. I made a typo though..."elitist" should be "elitism."
That's just my uneducated thinking: what good is an education if you can't simply communicate the stuff you know? If you just say (as Centurion seemed to) "Look, we are more educated, our thought process is much more complex...don't ask stupid questions." Oh, all that after rhapsodizing about always knowing at an early age that he was smarter than everyone else. Huh? What on earth does that uninteresting bit of trivia have to do with my question?
- 7:55 AM, August 29, 2007
You may want to clarify that you are simply disagreeing with Dan's notion that symbolism is "always" used to point to something greater.
Otherwise, I feel new believers may walk away from this thread believing hell is not as bad as we thought.
- 8:18 AM, August 29, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
Right. My point has just been that it seems false that biblical symbolism *always* or *necessarily* points to the greater. Of course, this doesn't imply that it *never* point to the greater. It might do so quite often.
As for hell, I don't want to imply anything either way. I personally don't know how to go about deciding whether the hell language in the NT
is literal, symbolic-pointing-to- the-greater, or symbolic-pointing-to-the lesser. I'd love to have a discussion about how we should decide this question, though it might take us too far afield. I'd also love to hear Dan's thoughts about this thread!
- 8:29 AM, August 29, 2007
If the symbolism used to describe hell is greater than the reality, wouldn't I naturally assume the same for heaven? I see no reason to assume that heaven is going to be less spectacular than the symbolism used to describe it. Why would I assume that hell would be less horrifying?
It doesn't seem logical one would be less and the other greater.
By the way, I am assuming this is Luke based on the previous comments.
- 8:41 AM, August 29, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
Yes, it seems reasonable to think that there's a sort of parity between heaven and hell symbolism, such that if hell language is symbolic-to-the greater, so is heaven language, and if hell language is symbolic-to-the-lesser, so is heaven language. We might have to be careful, though, about context. It at least seems possible that in one context an author could describe hell using symbolism-to-the-greater, while in another context a different author might describe hell with symbolism-to-the-lesser. Though I suspect many would try to rule this out with a particular brand of doctrine of revelation.
Suppose there's the parity you point out, and we rule out potential difficulties w/ context. Then we just have to figure out how either heaven or hell symbolism--not both--works in the NT. You say that you don't see any reason to assume that heaven symbolism points to the lesser. I agree. But I also don't see any reason to assume that it points to the greater! Do you? Why is the default position that heaven symbolism--and thus hell symbolism as well, given the parity--points to the greater? It'd be good to have textual reasons for thinking so.
And yes, it's the Luke from above. :)
- 9:09 AM, August 29, 2007
If He is preparing a place for me in His Father's house, where there are many mansions, wouldn't I (at the very least) assume that the mansion will be what I (literally) imagine it will be if not greater. Or should I expect something less.
If our reward is as described or better, I see no logical reason to assume our punishment would be any different.
It still does not seem logical to me that the symbolism used to describe hell would be greater than the reality. It would (literally) be as bad as described or worse.
Of course, I am approaching this from the standpoint that I believe the realities are going to be equal to, or greater than the symbolism in regards to heaven & hell.
- 9:30 AM, August 29, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
I'm not sure what to expect. Should the Pharaoh to whom Ezek. 32 is addressed have expected something worse than to have his carcass fill valleys and his blood fill rivers? Probably not, though he likely figured that, if Ezekiel was telling the truth, his downfall wouldn't be pretty, even if not quite so fantastically cataclysmically bad as Ezekiel made it sound.
The same might be true for hell. I'm not sure. The hell imagery might indicate something totally different than what we're used to envisioning, which I think for most people is physical torment. It might indicate self-inflicted separation from God--becoming so wrapped up in me that I can no longer see truth and beauty for what it is. Something like CS Lewis's view in The Great Divorce. This might involve no physical pain, but it would still be terrible.
- 9:54 AM, August 29, 2007
- fissh said...
Luke, weren't you the guy who was making noise on another thread about how you don't believe the Bible was inerrant?
- 10:58 AM, August 29, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
Not sure. I've been on blog hiatus for about 6 months. When/where were you thinking?
Or are you just asking whether I think the Bible is inerrant? :)
- 11:04 AM, August 29, 2007
As a believer, I would catagorize that as being greater than the symbolism.
- 11:28 AM, August 29, 2007
- Luke and Rachael said...
OPN, you mean that Lewis's view in the Great Divorce would be greater than the biblical symbolism describing hell? That's interesting. I tend to agree, though I'm not sure how many others would. I think we have a tendency to view physical pain as the worst that can happen to us, but this doesn't seem true at all. Emotional and spiritual separation from God, and so from one's true self, seems far worse to me.
- 11:42 AM, August 29, 2007
- Daryl said...
Interesting conversation...
Just thought I'd drop in and add this thought. If the non-physical torment would be far worse, then why do so many play hell down by insisting that real flames are too cruel and eternity is too long. Why not just say "Whatever hell is, we know it's way worse than we think it is" and leave it at that.
Then you have a non-literal (meaning non-physical) hell to keep the liberals happy, and and eternal unbelievable torment to maintain faithfulness to Scripture.
But people don't do that (usually) do they. They make hell non-physical in order to ease the pain, not increase it.
- 12:03 PM, August 29, 2007
"Hell is not so much the absence of God, as the consequence of His wrath and displeasure. God is like a consuming fire, and His righteous condemnation for defying Him and clinging to the sins He loathes will be experienced in hell". JI Packer (?)
I've never read any of Lewis, so I can't comment on his opinion. I am saying, based on your comment, that eternal separation from God would be greater than the symbolized description of hell. As far as the physical torment; I am not mature enough to establish for certain whether or not The Rich Man and Lazarus is a Parable. I know that 2 Thess 1:9 tells us that punishment is everlasting destruction and that Rev. speaks alot of a lake filled with fire and brimestone. Whether we take it literally are not, the reality of hell and the everlasting punishment that accompanies, is greater (not lesser) than these symbolic descriptions.
- 12:30 PM, August 29, 2007


text:
JANET(UK) / Cardiff University (United Kingdom)
Dr Rhys Smith - Middleware Consultant at JANET(UK) and Engineering Consultant: Identity & Access Management at Cardiff University, has a background in computer security and several years of experience of Identity Management and Federated Access Management. Rhys is a part of the Access & Identity Management Development team at JANET(UK), and leads the team that manages Cardiff University''s FAM infrastructure and is a member of the its Identity Management team. He is currently leading the JISC funded RAPTOR project which is building usage statistic analysis tools for Shibboleth/EZproxy.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What do you read to boost your mood?
4 October 2016
We're putting together a list of mood-boosting books for young people as part of our Reading Hack does #LoveToRead celebrations. A mood-boosting book is anything that lifts your spirits and improves your wellbeing, whether that's YA, a classic, non-fiction, poetry or a graphic novel. We want your recommendations of the best books to read when you're feeling down that we can share with other young people.
To recommend a book email email@example.com and tell us which books boost your mood and why. Or you can tag @ReadingHackers on Twitter and Instagram and use the hashtag #moodboostingbooks.
We'll be collecting recommendations from Reading Hackers, young people at the Southbank YA weekender and our social media followers. The final shortlist will be selected by a Reading Hack group during the Reading Hack does #LoveToRead festival later this year.
Reading Well mood-boosting books is a national promotion that focuses on the positive effect that reading can have on your health and wellbeing. You can see the full range of mood boosting book lists here.


text:
Company Profile: Yaffy
Established in 1924 as producer of raincoats, Yaffy is now one of the leading suppliers of high performance outerwear to UK Police Forces.
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If you would like to contact Yaffy, please call 0141 641 7369, email email@example.com or visit the website at: www.yaffy.co.uk.


text:
Saudi could play interlocutor's role in Indo-Pak ties
Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Feb 28 (ANI): Keeping Saudi Arabia's close relationship with Pakistan in view, India is hoping to convince Riyadh to play the role of an interlocutor with the objective of improving ties between the two South Asian neighbours.
Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor told reporters here on the sidelines of the Indian delegation's meeting with the Saudi leadership that: " We feel Saudi Arabia has long and close relationship with Pakistan and that makes Saudi a more valuable interlocutor to us".
Both India and Saudi Arabia face similar threats and dangers from common forces and both, feel the need to have detailed discussions on issues relating to the troubled AFPAK region.
According to India's Ambassador to Saudi Arabia, Talmiz Ahmed, " Saudi is very concerned about the inability of Pakistani leadership to control extremist elements within their country. Saudi is also concerned about what is happening in Afghanistan."
India and Saudi Arabia see terrorism as a common battle. Both countries plan to create a mechanism for real time information sharing and pooling of resources.
Tharoor revealed that Saudi Arabia has its own issues with Al Qaeda and understands that the Qaeda is a different side of same coin.
"We expect to have a constructive conversation on the issue. The tentacles of terror have already spread from Afghanistan to Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine, and latest is Yemen," he added.
Although New Delhi and Riyadh have found common ground on the issue of terrorism, Saudi Arabia is yet to come out in support of a comprehensive convention on terrorism. It still has a problem with the language and definition of what constitutes state-sponsored terrorism. (ANI)


text:
Get Volvo Financing in Greater Edinburg from Volvo Cars Edinburg, near Harlingen, Mission, McAllen, and Welasco, TX
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text:
Booking.com is a web-based hotel booking website, as anyone who is looked into booking hotels over the Internet will be aware. They have a great domain name, use website traffic promotion tools and, since they get a lot of traffic, have a good google rating.
The company has attempted to register Israel trademark no. 244245 for the word mark "booking.com" in classes 39 and 43. By wordmark, the intention is the word BOOKING.COM without any colours, background or font. The application is a national phase entry of a Madrid Protocol international application.
The list of services in class 39 is as follows:
Arranging of tours; reservation and booking of travel tickets; information, advice and consultancy regarding the aforesaid services, also related to destination issues; the aforesaid services, also provided by travel agents, tour operators and tourist agencies; the aforesaid services also provided electronically
The list of goods and services in class 43 is as follows:
Hotel reservation services; reservation of holiday accommodations, also in resort areas; providing information about hotels, holiday accommodations and resorts (accommodations), whether or not based on the valuation of customers; information, advice and consultancy relating to the aforesaid services; the aforesaid services also provided electronically
The trademark Examiner rejected the mark as being generic for the services covered. The Applicant provided an affidavit of the CFO, Olivier Jean-Marie Bisserier, which testifies to an impressive usage by Israelis.
The Applicant argues that the mark is not generic but merely descriptive and thus able to acquire distinctiveness due to usage. Since the term booking is a verb and not a noun, it is not synonymous with the services. [MF – This is a very interesting and creative argument, however, my English is probably better than both Olivier Jean-Marie Bisserier's and the attorney of record, and I consider the term booking to be both a verb and a noun. One has made a booking, or has a booking. In other words, it is both reserving and a reservation. Indeed, dictionaries give reservation as a synonym]. Applicant notes that the verb to book has other meanings, such as to arrest and for actions related to books. [MF – Here I am flummoxed. Not only is the word used as a noun and not a verb, but ne wonders if there is really a demand for people to have themselves arrested on-line. Furthermore, does a betting shop make a booking or a book? Is to write or publish a book a booking? creative, but wrong].
Furthermore, the Applicant noted that various similar domain names had been registered in other countries. For example, homecompare.com for insurance is registered in the US, work.com is registered for computer games in the UK and in Israel, weather.com is registered for metorological equipment in the US, answers.com is registered in the US for consultancy and publicity services. The Applicant's agent also related to verbal arguments provided in the Federal Circuit Court of Appeal in re Steel Building.com 75 USPQ 2D 1420. [MF – it seems to me that none of these cases are analogous in that homecompare.com does not provide homes or even compare homes, but provides insurance services; weather.com does not provide weather details or weather, but meteorological equipment, and answers.com does not provide answers, per se. Furthermore, as none of these are Israel precedents, they are irrelevant. Furthermore, even where a different mark has registered in Israel that an Applicant considers analogous to his case, the Israel Patent Office does not accept such cases as binding precedent or even as guiding].
Deputy Commissioner Ms Jacqueline Bracha notes that the Applicant accepts that generic marks cannot be registered, so the issue in question is whether the mark is indeed generic or merely descriptive.
In this regard, The Deputy Commissioner started with a discussion of the Family Magazine case, and then cited from the Steel Builders case referred to by Applicant:
"A generic term cannot function as an indicator of the source of a product, and thus as a trademark, because the relevant public understands the term primarily as the common name for the product. In re Dial-A-Mattress, 240 F.3d 1341, 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2001). This court's test for genericness has two parts: first, the court determines the genus of goods or services at issue, and second, the court determines whether the term sought to be registered is understood by the relevant public "primarily to refer to that genus of goods or services.
The top-level domain Steel Builders.com provide design services and not steel-building services, per se. They are not welders or providers of steel beams for the building industry.
As to the general issue of whether a .COM after a generic word is enough to create distinctiveness, the Deputy Commissioner cited com, Inc. v. AOL Adver., Inc., 616 F.3d 974, 978-979 (9th Cir. Cal. 2010):
"There is extensive Federal Circuit precedent in support of our conclusion that the combination of ".com" and "advertising" does not result in a descriptive mark. The Federal Circuit has repeatedly affirmed the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board's ("TTAB") findings that marks similar to ADVERTISING.COM are generic. See In re Hotels.com, 573 F.3d 1300, 1304 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (HOTELS.COM); [*979] In re 1800MATTRESS.COM IP, LLC, 586 F.3d 1359, 1361-62 (Fed. Cir. 2009) (MATTRESS.COM); In re Reed Elsevier Props. Inc., 482 F.3d 1376, 1378 [***1314] (Fed. Cir. 2007) (LAW-YERS.COM). The Federal Circuit has been explicit that HN9adding ".com" or another TLD to an otherwise unprotectable term will only in rare circumstances result in a distinctive composite. See In re Steelbuilding.com, 415 F.3d 1293, 1297 (Fed. Cir. 2005) ("Only in rare instances will the addition of a TLD indicator to a descriptive term operate to [**11] create a distinctive mark."); In re Oppedahl & Larson LLP, 373 F.3d at 1174-76. This position comports with existing Ninth Circuit law explaining that, in the context of likelihood of confusion, the addition of ".com" to a mark generally does not strengthen the mark. See Brookfield Commc'ns. v. W. Coast Entm't Corp., 174 F.3d 1036, 1055 (9th Cir. 1999).
"To allow trademark protection for generic terms, . . . even when [they] have become identified with a first user, would grant the owner of the mark a monopoly, since a competitor could not describe his goods as what they are."Surgicenters, 601 F.2d at 1017 (quotation marks omitted). 7 A major advantage that AOL would get from trademark protection of ADVERTISING.COM is to foreclose competitors from using a vast array of simple, easy to remember domain names and designations [**18] that describe the services provided. The effect is similar to that which would result if trademark law embraced the obviously generic ADVERTISING COMPANY as a protectable mark because it "ha[d] become identified with a first user.""
As to the Steelbuilding decision the Deputy Commissioner quoted Luke M. Rona, WHO ARE YOU? DIFFICULTIES IN OBTAINING TRADEMARK PROTECTION FOR DOMAIN NAMES, 8 Wash. J.L. Tech. & Arts 61, 75.
"Steelbuilding stands out as the one recent case where two generic words combined into a compound, coupled with a TLD indicator, almost created a descriptive mark. The failed marks in1800Mattress and Advertise were generic single words that failed to create a distinctive mark when joined with a TLD. While it is difficult to say that a standard for the descriptiveness of domain names as trademarks has emerged in the federal courts, several factors seem to increase the likelihood that a court will categorize a domain name as descriptive.
First, melding two generic words into a compound word creates the possibility of new meaning that could distinctly identify the company behind the goods or services provided, thereby satisfying the "Who are you?" test. Steelbuilding linked an adjective with a noun to create a composite verb, such that the Federal Circuit looked not only at the possibility of selling steel buildings, but alternatively, the actual construction of steel buildings in an online environment. The two words potentially functioned as a verb, thereby moving the mark from purely generic into possibly descriptive.
Second, where a possible double entendre exists, it is much less likely that the mark will be termed generic, and this likelihood decreases further when two generic words are spliced together. The mark in Steelbuilding could have been viewed as an adjective and noun or one compound verb, depending on how the words were interpreted. It is much more difficult for this kind of layered meaning to emerge from a single word like "mattress" or "advertising," which largely remain confined to one part of speech."
Furthermore, the dictionary definition from the Miriam Webster dictionary on-line is:
"an arrangement for a person or group (such as a singer or band) to perform at a particular place; an arrangement to have something (such as a room) held for your use at a later time; soccer : the act of officially recording the name of a player who has broken the rules in a game; he act of one that books; an engagement or scheduled performance; reservation."
Not only is booking a generic term, but its usage for hotel rooms is the example par excellence that the dictionary uses to illustrate the term.
Ms Bracha noted that the booking.com logo in white lettering with particular font and blue background stylized marks registered in Israel as 252107, 252108, 199137 and 199136, and elsewhere. This is the appropriate level of protection.
It would be innaproriate for a generic wordmark to register,which could then be used to prevent competitors using other generic domains such as mybooking.com, bookinghotels.com, hotelsbooking.com and hotels.co.il to provide similar services.
Although booking.com was registered in New Zealand, it was rejected in the US, Japan, South Korea and elsewhere.
The mark remains refused.
Rejection of BOOKING.COM wordmark, Ms Jacqueline Bracha, 9 March 2016
Categories: Domain Names, famous marks, Intellectual Property, Internet, IPO, Israel IP, Israel Trademark, trademark, trademark cancellation proceedings, trademarks, Uncategorized, החלטת רשות הפטנטים, סימן מסחר, סימני מסחר, סמני מסחר, קניין רוחני, קנין רוחני


text:
Being lied to is never fun. Mates and friends can sometimes shave or primp-looking into their own eyes in the mirror while living a lie. I had a relative who cheated on his wife and still managed to shave, looking into his own eyes the night after sleeping with another woman. I wondered how anyone could do that. Years later, I learned from Dr. H. Hernandeza, M.D., Ph.D. the ins and outs of the antisocial personality disorder. Doc would read the two page Psychiatric evaluation or Psychological report I placed in front of him, converse as he was reading-asking, age, education level, sexual preference, and little else. And five minutes later, he'd could tell me how the man or gal dressed, what color of socks they wore, I suppose,and warn me never to trust the individual with anything important.
Identity theft and many crimes are committed by the antisocial. Sometimes they're close to you. Family members, spouses, ex-spouses, friends-relatives cheat, lie, and steal identities, and steal money and bank accounts from their "loved ones." Believe it.
How can you avoid such a disaster? Know your relatives, friends and be honest. I've had to do that. I draw from the hundreds of hours spent with Dr. Hernandeza, and I'm honest with myself. Finally.
Uncle lived a life of ups and downs-emphasize downs. Though he was a veteran of two wars, the Army could not discipline Uncle. Twice he was AWOL and was demoted and stuck in the Clink for a time, I'm told. Trouble with jobs, lying to Auntie, poor attendance at school, some scrapes with the law, but not many. And then there was the lying. He lied about what was important and what wasn't. He lied to sound smart, to prove others wrong, or for no reason at all. It was his trademark, and the hallmark of the antisocial personality disorder. And it took me thirty-five years and a thousand tears to admit it.
Keeping the antisocial at bay-no matter if he or she is friend, relative, or enemy will help minimize the risks of identity theft-or bank identity theft. The antisocial never has enough money and they will steal yours if you let them.
Recommended sites:
Grant Hall


text:
ϟ White Lightning Sangria ϟ
There are lots of different ways to make sangria. Red wine, white wine, pink wine; hints of vodka and brandy- someday I'll try them all! But I was poking around the internet the other day and found a recipe for White Lightning Sangria; the name was too fun to pass up. I made up my own version of the drink for this post! As I've mentioned before in terms of punch, pre-mixed cocktails are perfect at parties. You control the quantity and quality of the liquor, your guests still get a buzz, everybody wins! Feel free to change up the fruit according to what you have/prefer. I think fresh berries in this would be amazing!
Sangria (adapted from Food Network.com, makes 6-8 servings depending on cup size)
– 1 bottle chilled white wine (the bottle of Sauvignon Blanc I used was on sale for $5.99 #class)
– 1/2 cup vodka
– 2 oz Grand Marnier
– 1/2 cup white grape juice
– 1/2 cup strawberry compote (or strawberry syrup)
– 1/2 grapefruit, sliced
– the other half of said grapefruit, juiced
– 1 green apple, sliced
– 1 lemon, sliced
– 1 orange, sliced
– seltzer or ginger ale
Pour wine, vodka, and Grand Marnier into a pitcher along with the fruit and juice . Chill for at least an hour, then add seltzer/ginger ale to your liking before serving (or add more wine woooo!). For an extra hit of lighting, sprinkle chopped pieces of crystallized ginger into each glass. Serve over ice if desired. ϟ


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Veronica Morgan takes us behind the scenes of Episode 6 with her expert advice on buying property and why you need to compare apples with apples.
Darina was like so many buyers where she had a maximum budget that she could go to, yet had a lower figure that she really preferred to spend. This made perfect sense, especially when she was also preparing for retirement in the foreseeable future.
What complicated things for Darina was that she was looking to buy her new home in the inner suburbs of Melbourne, where the majority of properties were going to auction, a sales method that she was not familiar with. To add insult to injury, the market was pretty hot at the time and auctions were resulting in sale prices often soaring well above the agent's guide prices.
So there were two things going on that complicated Darina's search: the first was that she was looking in a lower price bracket than she could afford and didn't like anything she saw, and the second was that she was finding it difficult to navigate the auction process.
Let's tackle the first issue first. It's human nature to want more than we can afford so by looking under her maximum budget it's not surprising that she wasn't getting excited about the houses on offer during our search. But then she told me that there was a house that she had seen previously and loved, only thing was that she would have to spend all her money to buy it as it was likely to sell for $50K - 100K more than the houses we looked at together.
After seeing what was on offer for less money, Darina decided to go for the more expensive property. It was a lovely home, but my concern was that she hadn't been looking at apples and apples – she had seen one apple and was then comparing it to loads of oranges! If she had been looking at the higher price bracket all along she may well have seen other houses that she liked as well or even more than this one. So she ran the risk of not being able to put this one house in perspective, maybe even thinking it was better than it actually was.
The second issue was that Darina, like nearly every buyer out there, had to learn a way to understand the auction process and how to interpret the agent's price guide.
It can be a bit dangerous making assumptions about what a property will sell for based on what the agent is quoting. You certainly can't take them at face value! There is a general rule of thumb with auction guides that many buyers use: simply add 10% to the price the agent is quoting. But this can be a bit hit and miss as different agents have different approaches. Some habitually quote low, others try to be realistic. So it is important that you understand values yourself so that you can make your own mind up.
Many buyers seek to save themselves from the potential of missing out at auction by making a pre-auction offer. Basically you need to make an offer strong enough to entice the vendor to sell now rather than wait in the hope of a dream price on auction day. Darina had made an offer on this house prior to our search and the agent had not attempted to close the deal. Ultimately it sold for almost $50K more than she put on the table, so the vendor would have been happy.
If you make an offer and the agent doesn't bite it's usually because he/she is confident that bidding will take it to that level on the big day. If you make an offer and they do sell it to you, then it's because you are the strongest buyer in that moment and they don't want to risk having no other buyers to push you to that level on auction day. It's a calculated risk on their part – so your offer has to be just as calculated!
It's tough out there for home buyers. Auctions can be heart breaking! But an educated buyer can learn to read the market and buy well. Nothing beats your own research and a thorough understanding of property values. That's why it is so important to make sure you compare apples with apples.
Veronica Morgan also blogs on her website: www.gooddeeds.com.au/buyers-tips-and-the-property-market.


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Dentist who used paper clips gets year in jail
Medical Malpractice - POSTED: 2012/01/30 17:41
Medical Malpractice - POSTED: 2012/01/30 17:41
A former Massachusetts dentist was sentenced to one year in jail Monday for using paper clips instead of stainless steel posts in root canals.
Dr. Michael Clair pleaded guilty earlier this month to a list of charges, including assault and battery, defrauding Medicaid of $130,000, illegally prescribing medications and witness intimidation.
Prosecutors said Clair sometimes used sections of paper clips when performing root canals in an effort to save money. Some of his patients reported infections and other problems.
Brenda Almeida said her teenage son's tooth turned black and had to be removed after Clair performed a root canal on him in 2005. She said Clair also performed shoddy dental work on her other two children.
Almeida, who watched Clair get sentenced in Fall River Superior Court Monday, said she was angry about what she considers to be a light sentence.
"He put my kids in pain for months ... I hope he rots there," she said after Judge Richard Moses sentenced Clair to a year in the Bristol County House of Correction.
Prosecutors, who asked for a sentence of five to seven years, declined to comment immediately after the sentence was imposed.


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Video of the Week – HASA | Adventure Theatre | Dance Makers | Pumpkinville | Treats4Beats
Posted by Dani Gurrie in Blog Posts, giveaways, Mid Week Minute, Picks of the Week on Thu, Oct 24, 2013
I know, I know – it's been a while and we have so many great partners to tell you about. So have a look/listen and click any links below for more information!
The Hearing and Speech Agency (HASA) – Take a walk to benefit the Hearing Loss Association of America on Sunday, November 2 in Washington, DC. The staff of HASA will be there with friends and family to enjoy the 5k stroll along Washington DC's gorgeous tidal basin! Sign up for the team. Also a big congrats to HASA as they celebrate 10 years on Metro Drive! Happy Anniversary!
Adventure Theatre – Goodnight Moon in the final days! I just loved this book and bet the show is fantastic. Show ends this weekend, October 27th. And then, starting on November 15: The 12 Days of Christmas! (oh yeah, it's THAT time of year!!) Get your tickets to both shows. You can save 20% with an ATMTC Flexpass!
Dance Makers – serving the Washington DC Metro area. Dance Makers has a clear mission: to save and strengthen youth by promoting their mental and physical well-being. Have your child's birthday party there too!
Leesburg Animal Park's – Pumpkinville is on now through November 5th with tons of great, family-fun activities. New this year is the kid's corn maze and spider web crawl! Open daily from 9:30 to 6.
Treats4Beats – THIS Saturday from 12-5pm at the Mt. Airy Carnival Grounds. We are really excited to help the South Carroll High School Marching Band to "Bring Back the Band". Come on out and let the kids trick or treat amongst the great vendors (if they come in costume, they'll get a free bounce pass from Pump It Up – Frederick). We also have live music all day, plus Bingo and Raffles. Admission is only a $1 donation per person and all of that goes to the band.
TEXT to WIN! Text T2T to 90210 – Monthly Prizes Awarded!
Tots2Tweens.com | Read It | Cook It | Know It | Find It | Advertise It | Facebook |Twitter | Pinterest | You Tube | Fall Fun | Carnivals & Fairs | Public School Directory | Featured Private Schools | Treats4Beats
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Related topics: adventure theatre, Dance Makers, hasa, hearing and speech agency, leesburg animal park, pumpkinville, treats4beats, video
About Dani Gurrie
Dani Gurrie is the founder of Tots2Tweens, a wife to Ashley and mom to Cooper and Brodie. She spends most of her days trying to find the ultimate kids-related thing that mom's will love...just to share it with her world.
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This last section of the book provides a list of resources referred to in the tutorial and other links that may be useful to the Gecko developer.
WebLock Resources
- WebLock installer and information
- The SDK download
- Other Mozilla downloads
Gecko Resources
- Internal string guide
- External string guide
- The Gecko networking library ("necko")
- The Netscape Portable Runtime Environment
- Embedding Mozilla
- Current module owners
- XPInstall
XPCOM Resources
- The XPCOM project page
- XULPlanet's online XPCOM reference
- Information on XPConnect and scriptable components
- The Smart Pointer Guide
- xpidl Compiler Reference
General Development Resources
Copyright (c) 2003 by Doug Turner and Ian Oeschger. This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.02 or later. Distribution of substantively modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permission of the copyright holder. Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder.


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Photography: CaitlinHarroun
Good day my readers! After seeing the box office hit, and broadway legend Les Miserables this past weekend, I decided to assemble an outfit one would wear in the early 1800's, essentially inspired by the movie itself. Paco Delgado stunned the world as his costume designs graced the silver screen, capturing the very essence of french culture and the revolution. Common styles included tattered and ripped pieces accompanied by fitted vests or coats. The film/novel/musical focuses on the poverty of the 19th century following the lives of many characters and their struggles.
I was shocked at how unchallenging it was to style my outfit. When my photographer friend and I get together often we have a hard time finding the right pieces to convey our inspiration/concept. I ultimately put to use my tiger of sweden trousers, paired with a plain white shirt and royal blue vest that was collecting dust in my closet. It still wasn't enough so I decided to rip a burgundy sweater (that no longer fit me) and rap the piece around my neck as an ascot/scarf if you will. Leather boots, and backpack topped off the ensemble and took it to the level we craved. Viola! A Marius counterpart..


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Frontier Announces Non-Executive Board Change
Feb 25, 2013, 17:26 ET
TORONTO, Feb. 25, 2013 /CNW/ - Frontier Rare Earths Limited (TSX: FRO) ("Frontier" or the "Company") announces today that Eamonn Grennan has resigned as a non-executive director of the Company for personal reasons. The Company wishes to thank Mr Grennan for his input and contribution to the Company over the last two years.
About Frontier Rare Earths Limited (TSX: FRO): Frontier Rare Earths Limited (www.frontierrareearths.com) is a mineral exploration and development company principally focused on the development of rare earths projects in Africa. Frontier's flagship asset is the Zandkopsdrift rare earth project, which is located in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa and is one of the largest, highest grade undeveloped rare earth deposits worldwide. Frontier has a direct 64% interest and a 85% economic interest in Zandkopsdrift following the acquisition by its strategic partner Korea Resources Corporation of an initial 10% interest in Zandkopsdrift. In March 2012 Frontier filed a Preliminary Economic Assessment ("PEA") on the Zandkopsdrift project prepared in accordance with National Instrument 43-101. The results of the PEA indicate that the proposed development of the Zandkopsdrift Project is both technically feasible and economically robust with a low risk profile. In conjunction with the PEA a mineral resource estimate for Zandkopsdrift confirmed 42.5m tonnes at an average grade of 2.23% containing approximately 940,000 tonnes total rare earth oxides (applying a 1% cut-off) and with 78% of the mineral resource in the indicated category. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. Fiona Harper, Pr.Sci.Nat, was the independent qualified person from Venmyn Rand (Pty) Ltd responsible for the PEA.
Frontier is listed on the main board of the Toronto Stock Exchange and currently has 89,562,781 shares outstanding. Frontier is well funded, with approximately C$52 million in cash (excluding amounts owing by Kores in respect of its obligation under the Strategic Agreement to pay 10% of all operating costs and expenses related to Zandkopsdrift from July 2012 onwards) and no debt, and this strong cash position is expected to be sufficient to fully fund the completion of a Preliminary Feasibility Study and a Definitive Feasibility Study on Zandkopsdrift and work on the Company's other proposed exploration and development programs.
Forward Looking Statements - Certain information set forth in this news release may contain forward-looking statements that involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Readers can identify many of these statements by looking for words such as "will", "intends", "projects", "anticipates", "estimates", "achieving", or similar words or the negative thereof. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond the control of the Company, including, but not limited to, the impact of general economic conditions, industry conditions, commodity prices, availability of financing for the Company and the Company's ability to raise additional capital, results of feasibility studies, dependence upon regulatory approvals, the estimation of mineral resources and the realization of mineral reserves based on mineral resource estimates and estimated future development, if any, and possible variations of ore grade or recovery rates; the Company development, if any, and possible expectations regarding competition from other producers globally, possible customer and supplier relationships, anticipated trends and challenges in the Company regarding competition; mineral resource estimates and supply outlook and growth opportunities, the future price of and future demand for rare earth elements, title disputes or claims including Black Economic Empowerment initiatives, and the timing and possible outcome of pending regulatory and permitting matters.
SOURCE: Frontier Rare Earths Ltd.
For further information:
For further information on Frontier visit www.frontierrareearths.com, e-mail the Company at [email protected] or contact +352 208 80249. In North America contact Joe Racanelli, TMX Equicom, at 416 815 0700 ext. 243 or [email protected]


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If you enjoy the RV lifestyle, but you don't travel often or just don't have the storage space and budget for a full-sized recreational vehicle, a pop-up camper is an ideal choice. A pop-up camper is constructed of specially treated canvas that requires care and maintenance between uses to keep it safe and in good repair. Otherwise, you may find yourself stuck at home rather than under the stars because of a torn, mildewed or rodent-infested canopy.
Step 1
Fill the bucket with warm water. Soak the sponge in water and use it to wipe off any bird droppings, dead insects or dirt from the outside of the awning, and any dirt or food spills from the inside of the camper. Use a stiff brush to help scrub off stubborn stains.
Step 2
Vacuum up any dust, dirt, paper scraps or crumbs that can stain or mar the inside of the camper or attract insects and scavengers.
Step 3
Allow the canopy to completely dry. Storing your pop-up while wet will cause the canopy fabric to mold and mildew, which weakens the fabric, decreases airflow and can make breathing difficult and even dangerous. Set a wet camper on its side, uncovered but protected from rain and dew, to dry completely. If your canopy is canvas and requires touch-ups to retain its water-repellant properties, use silicon spray to treat the outside of the canopy and allow the spray to dry completely.
Step 4
Stuff steel or bronze wool into all entry points and plumping pipes in your closed camper. This prevents rodents or small insects from getting into your camper. Hold the wool in place, if necessary, with lengths of painter's tape, which will not leave adhesive behind when removed.
Step 5
Inspect the canvas and seals periodically, and repair any tears or holes using cement and patches designed for your canopy's fabric. Follow the manufacturer's directions for application.
Leaf Group is a USA TODAY content partner providing general travel information. Its content is produced independently of USA TODAY.
Photo Credits
- Thinkstock/Comstock/Getty Images


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This essence helps to let go of the past, with forgiveness and grace. It is calming and soothing to those with troubled minds. It builds courage and stimulates action while strengthening the physical and auric field. Assists us in moving forward and gaining wisdom from the lessons learnt.
Spray over entire auric field – especially good immediately after shock, trauma or operations as it instantly repairs the damage to the auric field.


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With the Victorian State Election only days away, there is much discussion occurring in and out of the office about "who is going to win?"
Ultimately the conversations try and unpack how people will vote and why. Understanding what the triggers are to influence people's decision-making process is at the heart of what I do.
From what we are hearing, there are quite a number of people who are still disengaged from the democratic process that is Election Day 2014.
As someone quite involved in campaigning and strategising in the lead up to this election, I struggle to understand how people can't be completely obsessed with every twist and turn. But then again, I have a relationship with people in the political process.
However, I can imagine that there are people who focus on other things in their daily lives. So, how do political parties engage the broader community in the final days and influence their voting decision?
In any relationship (and trust me, voting for a political party is a relationship), there are three key elements to consider: communication, the value proposition and how we treat each other.
Each political party works very hard to communicate their message: why someone should vote for them (value proposition through policies, promises) and why they shouldn't vote for the others (they aren't as good, they don't understand you — negative value proposition).
They also regularly argue the value proposition. Each party will interpret what is important to the community and weight their polices and commitments accordingly. For example, are roads more important than public transport? Is cutting payroll tax more important than incentives to hire long term unemployed? The funding mix and priority setting of governments and the opposition is always an interpretation of what they think is going to drive sustainable economic growth and convince the public to vote for them.
However, what each party is challenged by is this idea of 'how should we treat each other?'
How have the political leaders engaged with their constituents? Have they listened to voters and has their consultation been genuine? Do the voting public feel they have been treated with respect, transparency and honesty?
Developing these on-the-ground relationships through genuine engagement is the challenge. If this 'governance' around the relationship is questioned, it is very difficult for people to have trust in their elected representatives.
So what are people really thinking?
While traditionally there are 70-80% of voters who don't change their voting patterns, the other 20-30% will be thinking:
- Have they clearly communicated with me in the way I want?
- Have they demonstrated the value proposition? What's in it for me?
- Do I have a relationship with my local member and have I been treated with respect and honesty by the party? Whom do I trust?
While communication and the value proposition are key components of an election campaign, it is the relationship building with the local community that may ultimately deliver the winning vote. What is clear is that if you can manage and monitor all three elements, it will help build a strategic approach to relationship building and influence, which is critical on Election Day. This is the advice I would give any politician or political party as it is core to our philosophy and it has proven to deliver outcomes for organisations.


text: xopx 2 Report post Posted November 3, 2015 EIS 11 is blocking VMware player. After opening WMware player the only message I always get is "Virtual machine is busy". After switching off EIS and restarting VMplayer, everything works well. Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Worry no more about eyebrows that might fade halfway through your day because these kilay products are just perfect to wear for your whole day engagements. Since they're long-lasting, they can save you time from constant retouching.
Full Brow 24 Hour Brow Smudge
P795, Beauty Bar
Full Brow's Brow Smudge is a fuss-free, long-lasting brow product designed with a "spring-loaded sponge tip to pick up the pigment stored in a cap." No more hulas worries for you as it's sweat resistant and has an ultra-pigmented buildable coverage. It comes in two shades: Light and Dark, and is formulated with Vitamin E for super smooth application and brow conditioning to achieve natural-looking arches!
Full Brow Brow Powder with Vitamin E
P695, Beauty Bar
This creamy and volumizing brow product is essential for perfect-looking brows that can last you that nervous sweat that always accompanies budget meetings. With just a few strokes, this super pigmented and buildable powder can give you full and sleek brows. It also has vitamin E plus antioxidants that help condition your skin and strands. Choose among shades of Blonde, Taupe, Natural Brown, and Dark.
Revlon ColorStay Brow Crayon
P375, Revlon counters
Get fuller and softly defined brows in just one easy sweep with Revlon ColorStay Brow Crayon. With four shades—Blonde, Dark Brown, Soft Black, and Soft Brown—you can build and blend colors according to your desired intensity. It contains unique wax powder formula to make it last all day, plus it's waterproof!
Bell HYPOAllergenic Brow Modelling Stick
P449, visit their Instagram page for details
With a quick application, Bell HYPOAllergenic Brow Modelling Stick helps you get your ideal brow shape. This waterproof product focuses on enhancing and highlighting your natural brow color, and unlike usual matte brow products, it goes on glossy which makes it more natural-looking. #01 is for those with dark strands while #02 are for women with lighter brows (or bleached hair).
Ever Bilena Matic Brow Liner
P180, Ever Bilena counters
Looking for a creamy option? Ever Bilena's Matic Brow Liner glides on smoothly and precisely as it comes with a fine tip. It is very lightweight and allows perfect control in creating light, feathery strokes. The brand has a new shade, too: Latte has a lighter tint than old fave Earth.
Max Factor Brow Shaper
P675, Rustan's
It's important for your kilay tool to make shaping, filling, and defining easy for you. Max Factor Brow Shaper comes with a spoolie, which makes it a kikay kit essential. Pick among shades of deep brown, blonde, and brown.
Covergirl Easy Breezy Fill + Define Eyebrow Pencil
On Sale at P199, Beauty MNL
Two eyebrow pencils (and a sharpener) in one pack? Yes, please! Covergirl's Easy Breezy Fill + Define Eyebrow Pencil is a no-nonsense offering that does the job. This product comes in black, rich brown, soft brown, honey brown, and soft blonde.


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Popcorn Key
One Popcorn: Flop
Two Popcorns: Wait till it's on video
Three Popcorns: Go see it
Four Popcorns: Standing ovation
Four Popcorns
Genre: Dramma
Cast: Denzel Washington, Don Cheadle, Kelly Reilly, John Goodman, Bruce Greenwood, Biran Geraghty, Tamara, Tunie, Nadine Velazquez, Peter Gerety, Garcelle Beauvais, Melissa Leo
Director: Robert Zemeckis
Rating: R
Comment: Powerful! Denzel perfectly portrays an alcoholic airline pilot and illustrates the catastrophic ripple effect of this terrible disease. This one will stay with you a while.
"Wreck-It Ralph"
Three Popcorns
Genre: Animated Family Comedy
Cast: John C. Reilly, Sarah Silverman, Jack McBrayer, Jane Lynch, Alan Tudyk
Director: Rich Moore
Rating: PG
Comment: Sure to be an Oscar nominee for "Best Animated Feature," due to it's "Toy Story"-quality animation, script and current arcade game technology with a retro storyline. Fun for the whole family!
"Chasing Mavericks"
Three Popcorns
Genre: Drama
Cast: Jonny Weston, Gerard Butler, Elisabeth Shue, Abigail Spencer
Director: Michael Apted, Curtis Hanson
Rating: PG
Comment: This one is a real "sleeper" in a good way. Not just a surfer "B" movie but based on a true story loaded with heart and message.
It will suck you in like a 35-foot-high "maverick" wave ... better hold your breath!!


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The explosion of gastro pub grub wouldn't be worth its weight in gravy without the low brow diners that built the foundation that sustains our love of comfort foods. And while I share The Food Network's enthusiasm for Guy Fieri's Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives, but I couldn't help but notice that the Monday installment of Triple D Goes Hawaiian missed Maui completely.
Perhaps Fieri's production company couldn't fork out the dough for inter-island flights. In any case, since Fieri is apparently too high maka-maka for our little greasy spoons, I've taken the liberty of highlighting a few of Kahului's finest dives to make up for triple D's loss. (Note: I specifically left out Wailuku, and other parts of the island for a later installment.)
312 Alamaha St., Kahului
You've probably driven by Jack's Inn lots of times without ever stopping. Its location is super low-pro, sandwiched between Ace Hardware and Iwado Realty on Alamaha Street in the heart of Kahului's industrial area. Its unassuming mirrored doors look like you could be entering an office but once inside you know you've come to the right place for ono banana pancakes, tasty loco moco and the fried rice special. Grab a seat where you can.
The good food doesn't stop with their breakfast eggs and bacon either; there are omelettes, a miso special, sandwiches, burgers and beef stew. If you want lunch, they start serving it at 5am and breakfast service lasts until they close at 2pm. Everything is really reasonably priced, averaging around $6 for a simple breakfast.
Be sure to check their specials board, which are packed with extras. Peach pancakes, kim chee hamburger steak and fried akule were just some of the extra goodies on the board the last time I visited. Oh, and when you're pau, pay at the counter with cash because your plastic isn't welcome here.
Part 1 of 3 on Kahului Diners
See the next part here


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Jerry Kramer Rookie Card
Jerry Kramer (not the guy from the show Seinfeld) nicknamed Zipper, was a 6′ 3″ 245lb Guard that played for the Green Bay Packers between 1958-1968. He was highly thought of by his coach Vince Lombardi who said, "Kramer is the best Guard in the league." Such high accolades by such a prominent figure like Lombardi comes with good reason. Kramer was an important part of Lombardi's football philosophy, the "Packer Sweep" its a play that entailed both left and right guards to pull out from their normal positions and become lead blockers for the running back. Lombardi demanded that this play be ran with excellence and would repeatedly teach it,
"What we're trying to get is a seal here and a seal here and try to run this play in the alley!"
Kramer's agility and speed to get there and make that block is what made the Packer Sweep so affective.
Kramer is a 5x First Team All-Pro and 3x Pro-Bowler and is credited with having the most celebrated block in NFL history. It was December 31, 1967 and it was the day of the NFL Championship game, nicknamed the "Ice Bowl" because of the brutal weather conditions in which that game was played. Game time temperatures with the wind chill were at negative -48 degrees below zero. It was third and goal with only 16 seconds left in the game and the Packers were inside the Dallas Cowboys 1 yard line. QB Bart Starr called for a "Brown Right 31 Wedge." Jerry Kramer and center Ken Bowman executed a double-team block on the left defensive tackle and created just enough room to allow Bart Starr to jump across the goal line for a 21-17 lead. This gave the Green Bay Packers a record three consecutive NFL Championships and Jerry Kramer played a significant role in that achievement.
1959 Topps, Card No. 116 (shop eBay)
A complete set of 1959 Topps Football has 176 cards in it. A small number by today's standard but back then the 59′ Topps Football was the largest set printed to date. It was also printed in two 88 card series. It's been confirmed that there are twice as many of series two cards because a 132 card printing plate was used and since there was only 88 cards many were duplicated.
This Jerry Kramer rookie card just screams vintage! Here we get a full body photo of Kramer in a running pose. The background appears to be orange and what seems to be fabric. That little cartoon guy in the photo with him doesn't seem to have much purpose to me but some feel that these were team logos. The white border extends itself towards the lower portion of the card and gives us position, team and multi-colored, all caps font for player name.
The card back at first impression is a bit dull. Towards the top there is black text box which gives us name, position and team, again. I dig the football with the card number inside of it, always a favorite of mine. Basic player bio and brief commentary takes up the upper third of card back.
In the center is a trivia question, "Which great baseball manager once ran a pro football team?" Intrigued by the question I took it to Google. I believe the answer is Hugo Bezdek who managed the Pittsburg Pirates 1917-1919 and was the head coach of the Cleveland Rams in 1937-1938 season. I only put about 30 minutes of research into it so if my guess is wrong please leave me a comment. Towards the bottom of card we see bad advice. What ever you do don't "RUB EDGE OF COIN OVER THIS SPACE FOR MAGIC ANSWER." Because that would severely damage a nearly 60-year-old card.
As of the date of this post raw copies sell for $15.00-$40.00; graded near mint copies (7's) sell between $50.00-$85.00, near mint-mint copies (8's) sell for $150.00-$200.00 and mint copies (9's) sell in the $640.00-$820.00 range.