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By Emmet Sweeny, 2001 (2nd ed.)
One of the perennial ambitions of Christian Europeans, throughout the centuries, has been the verification of the Bible. Beginning with Eusebius, in the 4th century, Christian writers sought to enlist the histories of Mesopotamia and Egypt to answer the attacks of those who viewed the Old Testament as fable or, even worse, as propaganda.
In this spirit Eusebius, employing the Egyptian history of the Ptolemaic scholar Manetho, constructed a chronology for Egypt based on biblical timescales. Thus for example he followed earlier Jewish commentators in tying in the start of Egyptian history with the start of Hebrew history.
Second in command under Pharoah
Second in command under Pharoah Djoser
Lived to be 110 years of age
Lived to be 110 years of age
Great architect and builder
Great architect and builder
Stored up corn during 7 yrs of plenty
Stored up corn during 7 yrs of plenty
Saw seven years of famine – fed people
Saw seven years of famine – fed people
Interpreter of dreams
Interpreter of dreams
Built pyramids & palaces
Built the Step Pyramid & palaces
Zaphnath-paaneah– Over physicians
Was a physician
Instituted a income tax of one fifth
Instituted a income tax of one fifth
Married into the Priesthood of On
Married into the Priesthood of On
Knowledge of astrology
Knowledge of astrology
Coat of many breadths/colors (pas) =wide tunic)
Became an educated man
A poet and educated medical writer
Overseer of public works
Overseer of public works
Legendary history
Legendary history
Name means to add, increase, to join or gather together
Name means the one who comes in peace
Was one of twelve siblings
Was one of twelve siblings)
Such endeavours made the Ramesside pharaohs contemporary with the Exodus � supposedly in the 14th or 15th century BC � and identified Menes, the first pharaoh, with Adam; thereby making Egyptian civilization commence around 4,000 or 5,000 BC.
Over the centuries, Eusebius� Egyptian system became the �traditional� chronology for the Kingdom of the Nile, and, incredibly enough (though few contemporary Egyptologists are aware of it), it still forms the basis of our understanding of that history.
With the translation of the hieroglyphs in the years following 1821, it was confidently expected that biblical history would shortly receive dramatic confirmation. It was hoped that archaeology might soon disclose Egyptian references to the great characters and events mentioned in the Bible. But such hopes were soon dashed, as it became apparent that the native literature of Egypt was remarkably silent with regard to their closest neighbours.
Various attempts, it is true, were made over the next century to link specific pharaohs to the great events of Old Testament history; but virtually all such endeavours came to grief, and eventually the whole idea was abandoned.
In time it was to be suggested that all such identifications were impossible, since the characters mentioned in the Bible � Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Moses and the rest � were not the great men that the scriptural sources implied.
Indeed, if they existed at all, they must have been minor figures whom the Egyptians had not thought worth mentioning. This opinion gradually took root among scholars, and soon it became the new orthodoxy. Any attempt now made to find �proof� for the Bible (especially Genesis) in archaeology is immediately consigned to the realms of the lunatic fringe. Quite simply, such work is not taken seriously.
But there have been dissenting voices. An academic storm was raised during the 1950s by the work of Immanuel Velikovsky, who argued that the catastrophic events described so vividly in the Old Testament (ie. the Deluge, Sodom and Gomorrah, the Exodus etc.) did actually occur, and occurred very much as they were described.
Velikovsky held that the last of these events, the Exodus, which touched directly on Egypt, was in fact a major landmark in Egyptian history. He demonstrated quite convincingly that this event was recorded by the Egyptians, and showed that modern scholars had missed the identification because they had fundamentally misunderstood that the nature of the events described in the Book of Exodus.
The catastrophist position adopted by Velikovsky brought to light an enormous distortion in ancient chronology. These momentous events were effectively effaced from the history books because an erroneous and virtually arbitrary chronology, based on Eusebius� working of Manetho, had been accepted by modern scholarship. (The great irony here, of course, is that this distorted chronology had originally been designed to prove the Book of Genesis right!)
The histories of the other ancient lands, Velikovsky showed, had then been reconstructed in line with the distorted Egyptian chronology. This �modern� history of the ancient world had virtually no point of contact with the biblical and classical histories, and clashed repeatedly with them.
The present writer holds with Velikovsky�s catastrophist analysis; and the book which follows is largely an attempt to show that when we accept the catastrophist framework all the elements of the puzzle fit into place. The earliest part of Hebrew history, we will find, can indeed be reconciled � and in a most spectacular way � with early Egyptian history. The central theme of my work is thus the parallel origins of two neighbouring and closely related lands. The histories of Israel and Egypt were intertwined at the very beginning, and the association established then continued unbroken for many centuries.
Thus I begin by seeking to establish a link between the histories of the two peoples. Chapter 1 is concerned with an examination of the first and greatest of all biblical events, the Deluge of Noah. We find that archaeologists working in different parts of the world discovered abundant evidence of cataclysmic destruction in ancient times, consistent with the action of flood waters.
However, there was insufficient academic collaboration across disciplines, and even then the appearance on the scene of the myopic over-specialisation that has caused such problems in our own time.
The result was that destruction episodes, which were in fact contemporary, were placed centuries apart by scholars using different methods and procedures.
Thus the great flood discovered by Leonard Woolley at Ur in Mesopotamia was deemed to be a local event, since destruction levels in Syria and elsewhere, which were in fact contemporary, were placed a thousand years later by scholars who had not paid sufficient attention to Woolley�s work.
In this way the true nature and scale of the Flood of Ur was disguised, and a totally distorted view of ancient history, which denied the Deluges reported by all ancient peoples, was pieced together.
…….Having thus linked Abraham and Menes, we are presented with an entirely new and unexpected view of ancient times. We now find the histories of archaic Israel and Egypt fitting together like matching pieces of a jigsaw.
The next �match� comes with Joseph and Imhotep. Egyptian tradition tells us that two centuries or so after Menes there lived a great pharaoh named Djoser (�the Wise�), whose vizier, Imhotep, was regarded as the greatest of all Egyptian sages.
Djoser and Imhotep, the legend says, lived during a famine lasting seven years, and it was a dream of the king�s that provided Imhotep with the clue to solving the crisis. Similarly, Hebrew history tells us that two centuries or so after Abraham there lived Joseph, the great seer and visionary, who became pharaoh�s vizier, and helped solve the crisis of a seven-year famine by interpreting the king�s dreams.
Historians, of course, have long been aware of the striking resemblances between Imhotep and Joseph, and a great deal has been written on the subject. They would undoubtedly have realised the identity of the two men a long time ago, but the erroneous chronology, which separated them by over a thousand years, confused the issue.
……it is to Immanuel Velikovsky that the present work owes most. Velikovsky�s brilliant exposition of the contradictions inherent in ancient chronology is the key that has unlocked the secrets of antiquity. In Ages in Chaos (1952), he proposed a complete reconstruction of later Egyptian history, beginning with the Exodus, which he believed to date from the fall of the �Middle Kingdom�. It is largely under the inspiration of Ages in Chaos that the present work seeks to reconstruct the earlier part of Egyptian history. Velikovsky began with the Exodus; we end with the same event……
Who Was King Djoser?
Having placed the founding of Egyptian civilisation in the same epoch as the biblical Abraham, and therefore having fixed the start of Egypt�s and Israel�s legendary history at the same point in time � the 11th century BC. � we must now attempt a reconstruction of the two histories along the new chronological lines. If we are on the right track, we might expect the histories of the two neighbouring peoples, which have hitherto shown few signs of agreement, to match closely.
Hebrew tradition tells us how two centuries or so after Abraham, the patriarch�s tribe was settled in Canaan, where his grandson Jacob was blessed with twelve sons. One of these, Joseph, the youngest and favourite, aroused his brothers� jealously, was sold as a slave and taken into Egypt. In Egypt his fortunes improved dramatically when his ability to interpret dreams came to the notice of the pharaoh.
He soon became the king�s most trusted advisor and brought the entire Israelite tribe into Egypt during a momentous famine. Joseph was thus an exceptional person whose life-story became a symbol of how God could raise the lowly from the dungheap. No less than a quarter of the Book of Genesis is devoted to him.
Now we ask ourselves, did the Egyptians remember Joseph, or does Egyptian tradition know of any character whom we could possibly identify with him? More specifically, does Egyptian tradition of the Early Dynastic period know of anyone identifiable with Joseph? The answer is a resounding yes!
It so happens that two centuries or so after the establishment of the united kingdom under Menes there lived the greatest sage of Egypt�s history: this was Imhotep, the godlike vizier of King Djoser.
Before looking at the truly remarkable parallels between Joseph and Imhotep, we need first to say something about Djoser; for he was accorded a place in Egyptian tradition almost as important as that of Imhotep himself.
Djoser, or Zoser, the second king of Manetho�s Third Dynasty, occurs in the monuments under the title Netjerkhet. The name Djoser, which means �The Wise�, was only conferred upon him long after his death. Much scholarly debate has centred round Djoser. He is, for example, commonly believed to have been the first Early Dynastic pharaoh to erect a pyramid.
As we have shown in Chapter 1 this notion is mistaken. Nevertheless, he was certainly the first pharaoh to erect a pyramid or large monument of stone. The design of the Sakkara Step Pyramid�s adjacent temple complex, in particular, provides ample proof of this. Columns are shaped in imitation of reed bundles and ceilings in imitation of palm logs. Doors are provided with imitation hinges.
Yet, as with almost all other areas of Egyptian history, the Step Pyramid and temples of Sakkara present numerous difficulties for conventional chronology. It has long been observed, for example, that the temple complex seems to display a number of very modern-looking features, and to this day visitors are immediately struck by the �proto-Doric� columns of the temple hall.
Furthermore, the mineralogist John Dayton has now demonstrated that the glazing work found in these monuments is unlikely to have predated by any great stretch of time the eighth or seventh century BC.; he accordingly dated the entire complex to the eighth century.
As it transpires, this date concurs reasonably well with the evidence of the well-known Khnumibre genealogy. In the inscription, Khnumibre, an architect under one of the earlier Persian kings, listed his ancestors, father to son, stretching back twenty-five generations. The second earliest name on the list is given as Imhotep, with Djoser as the reigning king.
It is clear then that the genealogy separates Khnumibre, who must be dated around 450 BC., from Imhotep by twenty-four generations. Allowing twenty to twenty-five years per generation, which, given the habitually early marriages and deaths of ancient peoples, is rather generous, we would be obliged to locate Djoser and Imhotep sometime between 1075 and 930 BC. � a date not too far removed from that suggested by Dayton on the evidence of Third Dynasty technology, and precisely in agreement with the chronology proposed by us, which would place the founding of the First Dynasty around 1100 BC.; but of course vastly different from the date of c.2600 BC. normally accorded to Djoser by conventional Egyptology.
Early scholarship was greatly nonplussed by the evidence of Khnumibre�s genealogy, but because it clashed so decisively with the �established� chronology, it was soon dismissed as �symbolic� and �lacking historical substance�.
Egyptians of later years came to regard Djoser�s reign as something of a golden age, and the pharaoh himself was accredited with almost godlike powers. Above all, he was regarded as a paragon of wisdom (as evinced by the name Djoser). His cult grew and grew, and by the Saite period (26th Dynasty) he was already deified. He was, in the words of one commentator, viewed �both as a patron of literature and a physician of such eminence that he came to be identified with Asklepios, the Greek god of medicine.
� In after years he was remembered with reverence as one of the greatest of the early Pharaohs � on one of the votive tablets of the Apis worshippers of the Twenty-Second Dynasty, reverence is done to his name; we read of a priest of his spirit named Sonbf, and another, Ahmose, in the Twenty-Sixth Dynasty.�
Djoser then had a priesthood dedicated to him and was invoked as a god centuries after his death. What could have prompted such adulation? The explanation normally given is that as the first pharaoh to leave great monuments of stone, later generations would naturally have been impressed by him. His monuments guaranteed his immortality.
There is no doubt a certain amount of the truth in this explanation; but it does not cover everything. For Djoser�s reputation was enhanced by that of his vizier, the godlike Imhotep. This man was, as we shall see, regarded as Egypt�s greatest ever seer and interpreter of dreams.
He is also normally accredited with designing the great structures at Sakkara. Acting together, these two exceptional figures were believed to have shaped the course of Egyptian civilisation in a unique way, and, it was said, they saved the country from a well-remembered and potentially devastating famine.
Djoser and the Seven Years� Famine
Egyptian tradition recorded a great famine lasting seven years. This disaster was said to have occurred during the reign of Djoser, and from the story of this event we may come to understand exactly why pharaoh Netjerkhet was called �The Wise�.
The only account of the seven years� famine to survive is on a rock-cut inscription near Aswan, which dates from a very late period � possibly from the reign of Ptolemy V (Epiphanes), who lived in the first century BC. The inscription records the famine as an historical fact, placing it in the eighteenth year of Djoser.
Indeed the inscription purports to date from Djoser�s time, though this is generally dismissed. Nevertheless, it may well be a copy (with of course updated spellings) of an extremely ancient record. We are told that during Djoser�s reign Egypt found itself in a great crisis. The pharaoh bewails his lot:
�I was in distress on the Great Throne, and those who are in the palace were in heart�s affliction from a very great evil, since the Nile had not come in my time for a space of seven years. Grain was scant, fruits were dried up, and everything which they eat was short.�
…..Djoser�s famine, of course, closely resembles the other from ancient tradition, that of Joseph the Hebrew. Virtually all the elements in the Egyptian account are there, though in a different order. In Joseph�s tale, the pharaoh�s dream comes first, although both legends agree that the dream�s interpretation provided the key to alleviating the famine.
Again the Egyptian story has the wise seer Imhotep assist the king in dealing with the famine, and it is obvious that Imhotep�s role closely resembles that of Joseph in the Genesis story.
In addition, the nature of the god Khnum is here significant. In early times, the ram-headed divinity had been one of the foremost in Egypt. He was regarded as the creator god, and was portrayed, in biblical style, fashioning mankind upon the potter�s wheel.
Khnum was indeed viewed very much as the Old Testament Spirit of God, a fact that induced some scholars to regard the whole cult of Khnum as influential in the development of Hebrew religious ideas.
Scholars were not slow to associate Djoser�s famine of seven years with that of Joseph, and they would undoubtedly have made the connection between Imhotep and Joseph, Djoser and Joseph�s pharaoh, had it not been for the chronological discrepancy. Djoser was supposed to have reigned around 2600 BC., whereas according to biblical chronology, Joseph would have lived around 1700 BC. � yet again, that gap of 1000 years.
Scholars had therefore to content themselves with vague �connections� between the two legends. Some argued that the story of Joseph had influenced the Egyptian tale, whilst others argued that the Genesis account was influenced by the Egyptian story.
The best-known proponent of the latter argument was Brugsch. Such ideas held good only if the conventional chronology was correct. However, we now see that such is not the case, and that Djoser, as well as Joseph, must both belong in the early part, probably the tenth century, of the first millennium.
Could it be then that Djoser is indeed Joseph�s pharaoh, and that Imhotep, the great seer who advised Djoser on the seven years� famine, is none other than Joseph? Before making a final pronouncement, let us briefly take a closer look at the life and character of Joseph, as they are revealed in the Genesis account.
The Story of Joseph
The story of Joseph, one of the best-known and best-loved of the Old Testament, occupies almost a quarter of the Book of Genesis. That fact alone illustrates the importance of Joseph to Israel�s early history. He it was who brought the Twelve Tribes to Egypt, where in time they would grow to nationhood.
Yet the story outlined in Genesis reveals the importance of Joseph not only to the history of Israel, but also to the history of Egypt, and furthermore illustrates the thoroughly Egyptian background to the entire episode.
…In harmony with all this, though puzzling in its own way, is the astonishing amount of Egyptian influence now recognised as present in the Joseph narrative. The terms and idioms used are Egyptian through and through. Indeed such is the resemblance to Egyptian phraseology and custom that that some scholars now regard these chapters of Genesis as based on an Egyptian record.
One such commentator is the Israeli Egyptologist A.S. Yahuda, a man whose work we shall examine in greater detail at a later stage. Yahuda wondered at the superabundance of Egyptian terms, phrases, metaphors and loan-words present throughout Genesis, remarking on their comparative absence from later books of the Old Testament. Some examples provided by Yahuda are as follows:
� Jospeh�s appointment as vizier was the �kernel� of the story, according to Yahuda. For this office, a Hebrew word with a root which has the meaning �to do twice, to repeat, to double� is used. Yahuda explained that in the same way the Egyptian word sn.nw (�deputy�) was formed from sn, the word for �two�. In the same verse, pharaoh commands all to �bow the knee� before Joseph. The Hebrew word for �bow� is agreed by most authorities to have been taken from the Egyptian.
� Joseph was titled �father to pharaoh�, and, as Yahuda says, the Hebrew expression corresponds with the Egyptian itf, �father�, a common priestly title, and one borne by viziers. At the start of his conversation with Joseph, pharaoh says: �I have had a dream � I have heard that you understand a dream to interpret it� (Gen.41:15).
For �understand� the Hebrew uses the verb �to hear�. This term has proved very difficult for commentators, but, according to Yahuda, it corresponds entirely with the Egyptian use of sdm meaning �to hear� or �to understand�.
Another problem for commentators has been the sentence of Gen. 41:40, where pharaoh says literally to Joseph: �According to your mouth shall my people kiss�. The verb �to kiss� here has always seemed completely out of place. However, when we compare it with the Egyptian, �kiss� proves to be �a correct and thoroughly exact reproduction if what the narrator really meant to convey.
Here an expression is rendered in Hebrew from a metaphorical one used in polished speech among the Egyptians.�6 In polished speech the Egyptians spoke of sn, �kissing� the food, rather than the ordinary colloquial wnrn which meant �eating�.
� In the Joseph story pharaoh is addressed in the third person, eg. Gen. 41:34 �Let Pharaoh do this�. According to Yahuda this corresponds precisely to the court etiquette of Egypt. A characteristic term recurring in several passages of Genesis is �in the face of Pharaoh�, or �from the face of Pharaoh�, meaning �before pharaoh�.
This, says Yahuda, corresponds completely with Egyptian court custom, where one might not speak to his majesty �to his face�, but only �in the face of his majesty� (m hr hm-f).7 Again, in the Joseph narrative, the word �lord�, in reference either to pharaoh or Joseph, is given in the plural. This corresponds exactly with Egyptian usage where pharaoh, as well as being referred to as nb (�lord�), is also spoken of as nb.wy in the plural.
These instances are only a small sample of the evidence mustered by Yahuda, but they illustrate very clearly the profoundly Egyptian background to the whole story. Indeed, as we have said, so strong is the evidence that some commentators have suggested an Egyptian original of the narrative which Hebrew scribes more or less copied.
In short, when the Israelites came to write down the story of Joseph, they borrowed heavily on what the Egyptians themselves had written about him. None of this should surprise us. Genesis tells us quite clearly that Joseph was a major personality. He became the king�s vizier. He brought Asiatics into Egypt.
He presided over a social/political revolution. According to Genesis (47:22), the land of Egypt changed hands during his lifetime: Pharaoh became absolute master of the kingdom. But on top of all that Joseph was � most extraordinarily � a seer, a prophet, a visionary. Such a man, we would imagine, could not have been forgotten by the Egyptians.
Having stated all this, we now find that Joseph, coming just a few generations after the time of the Abraham migration, would have lived in roughly the same era as �The Wise� King Djoser and the wise seer Imhotep. It thus begins to look more and more clear that Joseph and Imhotep, the two great sages, were identical persons, and that Joseph�s wise king was �The Wise� Djoser….
…..There is little that can be added to the above assessment. Imhotep, plainly and simply, was the greatest of all Egypt�s wise men. As we have said, the close correlations between Imhotep and the biblical Joseph have not gone unnoticed by scholars. In recent years, an English historian named Tom Chetwynd revived the whole debate by argued strongly for identifying the two men.
Chetwynd held by the conventional view that Imhotep belonged in an �Old Kingdom� dated to the third millennium BC., and did not attempt to resolve the chronological difficulties inherent in this. Nevertheless, he demonstrated that the parallels between the two were sufficiently compelling to overrule the chronological problems.
In short, so powerful was the evidence that irrespective of what the chronology apparently said, the two men simply had to be one and the same.
Source: Excerpts from:THE GENESIS OF ISRAEL AND EGYPT Emmet Sweeney Copyright 2001 (2nd ed.)


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Msgr. Kozar takes a stroll with a nun at the Atse Tekla Ghirogis School in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (photo: CNEWA)
Since becoming CNEWA's president in September 2011, Msgr. John E. Kozar has traveled throughout the Middle East, Ethiopia and India, writing about his pastoral visits on CNEWA's ONE-TO-ONE blog. Below, are five inspiring stories — a sample of CNEWA's worldwide network of love.
India. In his series, "In the Footsteps of St. Thomas," Msgr. Kozar recounts his visit to St. Anthony's Dayssadan, a home for children with physical disabilities run by the Preshitharam Sisters:
"One boy of about 15 — whose arms, hands, legs and feet are horribly contorted — demonstrated mobility by rolling himself down the long corridor, then amazingly up a long flight of stairs, all the while with a smile from ear to ear. I was choked up by his display of determination. His climbing up the staircase defied gravity, but not his human spirit."
Ethiopia. In "An Ethiopian Odyssey," we learn about the Godano complex:
"Godano, which has received support from CNEWA for years, was first begun to welcome unwed mothers, many of whom had been abandoned on the streets, others had been victims of rape. Founded and directed by a layman, Mulatu Tefesse, this loving home offers a safe haven for not only these girls and their children after birth, but also for abandoned street children and unwanted babies. He also provides a kindergarten and skill training for girls, such as sewing and hair styling. The campus also includes housing for mothers and their children. He does not warehouse the mothers and their children, but always seeks to keep them together and to give them a modicum of confidence to move on to at least a minimally productive life."
Israel. Msgr. Kozar's, "Journey to the Holy Land," included a visit to the House of Grace, in the Israeli city of Haifa:
"Today the house is truly a home, as those participating in the myriad of programs are all welcomed as family. There are currently 15 prisoners going through the program. There are also hundreds of families who participate in programs to improve their quality of life, programs for youth and social skills and educational programs that enhance the lives of many people.
"While there, we visited with some of the successful beneficiaries — former prisoners who not only have gone on to renew their lives in a responsible and productive way, but continue to come back to their &ldsuo;family' and offer their help to new 'family members.'"
Jordan. While in Jordan, Msgr. Kozar recounts his visit to the Our Lady of Peace Center:
"We were warmly greeted by the founder of this facility, Bishop Selim Sayegh, Latin patriarchal vicar in Jordan and the spiritual and moral personality associated with this facility. Our Lady of Peace offers many programs for mentally and physically handicapped youths. …
"A big highlight for them and for us was a visit from Santa Claus. The kids went wild when he came into the room, especially when the sisters approached with some big boxes of gifts. Each child came forward and received a gift. The children loved the attention, gifts and Santa, but they really loved Bishop Selim. In fact, the love that Bishop Selim Sayegh has for these special children cannot be contained. He smiles from ear to ear in their presence and many freely run to him to receive a big hug from him. This center has been a dream of his and now, as he approaches retirement after having served more than 30 years as vicar, he can enjoy the fruits of his labors, as reflected in the smiles of these precious little ones."
Lebanon. Finally, Msgr. Kozar's visit to Lebanon included a trip to the motherhouse of the Franciscan Sisters of the Cross:
"Our most memorable visit was in an area for profoundly mentally challenged boys and men, some of whom have severely physical handicaps. There was a remarkable sister who had a God-given ability to discern in the moans, groans or unabashed sounds of these patients ranging in age from 6 to 45 years a need for some type of attention. She calmly reached out and gave them a little hug, a pat on the check, a little touch on the head, and their anxieties or fears went away. She did it so instinctively and so calmly it might not have been noticed — she did it with love.?
Did any of these stories touch your heart and move you? They definitely inspired me, reminding me of the inspirational work that CNEWA does everyday throughout the world. It is a blessing to be a small part of it. Join our network of love by praying for the work of these inspirational people, and by giving to CNEWA from the generosity of your hearts. Giving to CNEWA is one way to nurture your soul, and a way to reach out to our less fortunate brothers and sisters in Christ.

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While some maintain that convicted felon and former media mogul Conrad Black got a sweetheart deal from the Canadian government in being allowed back into the country, all we can say is, "Welcome home, Conrad."
Black, we trust, will become a leading opponent of the Conservative government's malicious prison "reform" scheme, a cause in dire need of a high-profile, non-partisan critic. From the distance of his U.S. prison cell, Black has already blasted the government's massive prison expansion plans and its policy of institutionalized unforgiveness as "sadistic and malicious."
As for mandatory prison sentencing, Black has compared the government's contention that it will reduce drug crimes to the folly of "archaic cultures that clung to the belief that the Earth was flat." Such programs, the U.S. has abundantly proved, are "both extremely costly and ineffective."
As for the inmates, although they acted wrongly and foolishly in getting thrown into jail, "many are victims of legal and social injustice, inadequately provided for by the public assistance system, and over-prosecuted and vengefully sentenced."
A country, Black says, only testifies to its own pathetic education, social service and justice systems by throwing so many millions behind bars.
Is this an admission that Canada also wants to make? If so, would it not be better to challenge such injustice head-on instead of throwing those whose lives have been demolished into prison? If billions of dollars are available to build and operate a fleet of new prisons, would it not be smarter and more compassionate to use that money to improve the battered systems that create criminals?
The way inmates are treated "implicitly assumes that all who are convicted are guilty and have no remaining claim to decency from the state," says Black. If rehabilitation is one major goal of prison - and it ought to be - then treating prisoners humanely is an essential part of rehabilitation. It is unreasonable to expect those treated as caged animals for an extended period will become paragons of virtue once returned to the community.
Sadly, prisons will always be needed, mainly to protect the populace from violent offenders. However, the predilection for using incarceration to treat any and all criminal offenders is a sign of barbarism every bit as much as is society's willingness to kill its own unborn.
Maximum security should be reserved for those who are a threat to society. Those who do not represent a clear danger should be treated with intelligence and insight to enable them to become full members of society.
Conrad Black we urge you to employ your experience to be a voice for those who have no voice.


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Race matters: The Garden of Eden
I remember Mattie Bell.
She was small and dark brown, she called me "Kate," and I felt secure being with her.
When I knew Mattie Bell, my family lived in a small cottage in a tract of houses called Copeland Park constructed quickly for wartime workers in Newport News. Mattie Bell took care of me and my brother, and she is the first African American I remember, although my parents called her and others of her race "colored people."
Recently I found a postcard Mattie Bell sent me from New York when I was five years old. I still don't know her last name. Did I know then the difference between races? When did I learn that race matters?
I remember Adeline.
She was dark and gnarled and talked funny.
She lived with my Great Aunt Nannie and her husband, Uncle Harvey, and my great grandmother Ewing at Coleraine, a lovely old white frame farmhouse with a long front porch in Southside Virginia. They lived simply: There was no running water, but electric lights and even a refrigerator– not an icebox– were added later.
Adeline was born either during or just after the Civil War in which my great grandfather served as a courier for General Jeb Stuart. My grandmother told me many stories about Adeline, who was a part of her life before she married my grandfather and moved north.
To visit Coleraine, we drove south on roads winding through flat open farmland– in those days, fields and fields of leaf tobacco and peanuts and other crops, the landscape broken with a copse of woods or an orchard set on a small hill.
I remember a girl my age.
Near Coleraine, my mother took me to a tenant house where another mother watched me while my parents attended a funeral. Even though I was a child the house seemed tiny, maybe only two rooms, spare and clean, the dirt floors swept until they were hard. There was a girl my age, and we ran from one room to the next in make-believe play. I surprised myself with the thought: "Why, she's just like me!"
It was the moment I first realized that race is supposed to matter.
My great grandmother died and then my great aunt, and Adelaide. Coleraine was sold. We moved to Arlington and stopped going to Southside. I never saw the girl again.
I didn't know that she was growing up in the community where, only a decade later, the children would challenge the separate (and unequal) schools of Prince Edward County in Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court case that changed the complexion of the South.
I remember Mrs. Hamilton, the General Education teacher in my junior high school. In General Ed, a mixture of social studies and government, we often discussed news while we worked on projects. Mrs. Hamilton, younger than my parents, talked to us like grown ups.
I was 13 when I learned that some people wanted to desegregate the schools in Virginia. I didn't realize they were talking about schools in Southside where I was little. What's more, I didn't understand the fuss.
I assumed that coloreds lived separately and went to separate schools because they were different from us, and we're not meant to mix- whites stay with whites and coloreds with coloreds. It's what I was taught. My parents never said bad things about colored people, but I understood our way of life.
One day in class we started talking about segregation. I asked Mrs. Hamilton: "Why shouldn't the races stay separate, since whites and coloreds look different and everything?"
She paused to consider my question. As she spoke, her dark brown eyes looked directly into mine.
"Yes," she said, "Caucasians and Asians and Negroes are all different races, different colors.
"They're like all the varieties of flowers. Each flower is unique with its own beauty." I nodded in agreement.
"Yet we mix the flowers together in our bouquets and in our gardens. We don't have to separate them because they're different; in fact, together in the garden, they're even more beautiful."
"I see children like that," she went on. "They're all flowers in the garden. Each one is unique, but together they form a beautiful bouquet."
I didn't argue. Mrs. Hamilton made me think. In fact, this simple image of the garden changed my heart and mind irrevocably.
But not all at once. It took a few years for me to give up the old view– separation and segregation– and embrace a new vision of, first, desegregation and then integration.
I remember Porgy and Bess.
When I was a student at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in the early 1960s, I believed that segregation was wrong. I read in the Daily Tar Heel about sit-ins at the lunch counters in nearby Greensboro. Because I could go where I wanted, I never thought about how segregation affects the daily life of Negro women who wait on me at Woolworth's but who cannot eat there or use the bathroom.
I saw George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess at a local movie theater. The next week, I learned that local Negroes who requested admittance were told they could come to a special "colored" showing. I wondered why whites and Negroes couldn't see this all-Black film together. Some students and faculty organized a boycott, and many walked a picket line outside the theater on Franklin Street. Too shy and unsure to picket, I decided to boycott all movies.
When a law student invited me to double-date to see Peter Sellers in The Pink Panther, I told him I couldn't because the theater was segregated. Although he was surprised, he didn't question me, and we went elsewhere to drink beer. But word got around, and the next weekend when I attended a law school banquet, several other students asked why I wouldn't go to the movies. I replied that I believed segregation was wrong. They asked if I wanted to marry "one of them."
The banquet speaker was Sam Ervin, the same Senator who would later be lauded for his statesman-like handling of the Watergate hearings. But in 1961, playing to the all-white crowd, Ervin derided the idea of desegregation. Some laughed at his comments. I didn't think he was funny.
I remember Mrs. Graham and I remember David.
Later that spring, one of my sorority sisters wanted to invite David, the one Negro undergraduate at UNC, to our sorority house for dinner. Mrs. Graham, our elderly housemother, replied that he couldn't come to dinner, but that he could address us afterwards. I was embarrassed that David would know he was being dis-invited to eat with us. But if he was embarrassed or hurt, he chose not to show it. As we sat around the crowded room, he talked about Martin Luther King, the students in Greensboro, and the coming demise of segregation.
I remember Ted.
In the summer between my junior and senior year, I went to a conference on the United Nations in New York where I met Ted, a black youth my age from Brooklyn. We ate meals together, traveled together on the subway, laughed and talked together. Sometimes, when we talked, I forgot he was black and I was white.
The walls were slowly beginning to crumble.
And I remember the water fountain in the Hillsborough Court House.
In my senior year in college, just before the November election, I accompanied Eddie to the Orange County Courthouse to cast an absentee ballot for John F. Kennedy for president. As we entered the historic courthouse, we saw bathrooms marked "colored" and "white." But it was the two water fountains that caught my eye: one designated "colored" and one "white."
All my life, I had accepted the system of separate schools and neighborhoods for Negroes and whites, separate waiting rooms in train stations, separate bathrooms, Negroes giving way on the streets and moving always to the back of the bus– figuratively as well as literally.
Yet on that day, faced with the water fountains designated by race, the absurdity of segregation splashed before me. Eddie and I took turns defiantly drinking the cool clear water from the "colored" fountain. And even though we drank our fill, no one witnessed our protest.
But with each sip of water from the "colored" fountain and each movie I didn't go to see, I knew I would never go back to accepting the system that insisted on separating one group of human beings from another. Instead, I stepped into the garden that Mrs. Hamilton described– a place where the mixed colors make the garden even more beautiful, a place where race doesn't matter.
Kay Slaughter is an attorney at the Southern Environmental Law Center.


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The daughter of a friend of ours was raised "in a Christian environment," left the nest, and has fallen prey to the world, becoming pregnant while not married, etc. Her dad, our friend, has completely cut her off, including all communication, as he says she refuses to repent, and God says we should have no dealings with unrepentant sinners. I said to him that God gave their daughter to them, she is their child, and what she needs now is unconditional love and support rather than a sermon. I don't want you to take sides. I just want your input. Thanks.
This is a difficult question. I believe that Christian parents should not support a child's sinful lifestyle. "Shouldest thou help the ungodly, and love them that hate the LORD? Therefore is wrath upon thee from before the LORD" (2 Chr. 19:2).
A Christian parent should love his child unconditionally. "... thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself: I am the LORD" (Lev. 19:18). "Love" means to behave in a lawful manner towards someone. This does not preclude meting out punishment when appropriate.
Yes, we must shun the unrepentant sinner who has been excommunicated from the church, but this does not mean a complete cutting off of all communication with that individual. While we may not carry on normal social relations with such an individual, we may meet with them for the purpose of encouraging them to return to the Lord. Those who have known the truth and turn from it are in a far worse state than those who have never known the truth (2 Pet. 2:20-21).
I have communicated with my children that there is absolutely nothing they could ever do which would cause me to stop loving them. No matter what they did, I will always love them. Though their sins would grieve me, I would never stop praying for them and claiming God's covenant promises toward them (Prov. 22:6, Eph. 6:3, 1 Cor. 7:14).
Finally, a case could be made for helping with medical expenses for one's grandchild. Surely the man would not want to penalize an innocent grandchild or risk cutting off all future opportunities to have an influence in the grandchild's life.
"... in wrath remember mercy" (Hab. 3:2).
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The questions come from individuals like yourself. If you have questions about biblical and theological matters, you are invited to send them by e-mail by using the "Pose a Question" link on the OPC home page or by clicking here.
At least one new question is posted each week, so there should always be something new here for you to read. (For those people who would like to look at previous questions and answers, they will continue to be available as well.)
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McGwire 4: The Koufax Confusion
Mark McGwire's excuse has indeed resonated in some quarters, and I've already seen some claims that "Sandy Koufax took steroids – and for the same reason – for his health!"
I was able to get in touch with Jane Leavy to clarify. I asked Ms. Leavy if she meant corticosteroids or if Koufax, a player of the same era that we know steroids and HGH made some small inroads into the game, now had to be lumped in with the "juicers." Leavy states she meant corticosteroids, the same type of "cortisone injection" that we see performed so often in baseball to this day.
15 Comments
It's sometimes hard to tell whether some people are ignorant of facts, or just deliberately ignorant – i.e., refusing to face facts. Good for you, clearing up the difference between the corticosteroids Koufax was given to the steroids that cause 'roid rage and all the other horrible side effects. At least those who are willing to learn will know the difference…and the truth.
I'm sorry to hear that you needed steroid eye drops. Those are usually prescribed for pretty serious eye irritation. They didn't even give me those, when I accidentally mistook my contact lens peroxide-based cleaner for saline solution (I couldn't see/read the labels) and ended up putting peroxide in my eye. So, if the problem you're having is worse than bathing one's eye in peroxide, you definitely have my sympathy! In recent years, I've used over-the-counter Similasan drops to keep my worst eye irritations from getting out of control. They don't burn like most eye drops do, and they really alleviate the discomfort. So I haven't needed prescription drops in years, knock on wood.
Getting back to McGwire…the way I see it, the only people more deeply in denial than he is are his apologists. The facts you've just presented will, unfortunately, sail right over the heads of such people.
Hey Keith, maybe you could explain to me why McGwire's a bad guy for using chemicals to heal up faster and get an "UNFAIR" edge over the competition, but Bob Gibson & others from decades ago are good guys. I say this, 'cause of this article pointing out that this is the way baseball heroes have been doing since the 60's (maybe longer) – http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/blog/index?entryID=3926544&name=gammons_peter
If nobody was outraged enough in '69 to lay down some hard rules against chemicals and lay down some rules for testing players…then it doesn't make sense to blame players for continuing the trend. It was,, in a sense, legal.
So if we all bash someone for doing something acceptable before there were hard rules against it, just because WE don't like it… that doesn't really make any sense.
The same principle exists in the US legal system…
If one is breaking a copyright and the copyright holder DOES NOTHING about it for a few years but then suddenly tries to sue the one breaking the copyright… the legal system says "no, you can't stop them from making their product anymore as you've known about it for a while and let it go on"
In more general laws… if a law against something doesn't exist until next year, the justice department can't go arrest people for done the "crime" last year before it was a law.
In the same way, until 2003, baseball authorities weren't testing anyone and they weren't making efforts to do so. Yet, 30+ years earlier, a problem was made public.
That all being said, I'm not saying that anyone using chemicals for an unfair advantage was in the right morally, but hey…the public didn't care until Canseco made a fuss.
So… explain to me why McGwire's such a bad guy for doing what everybody else was doing, when there was no rules against it. I don't get it. What am I missing?
Damn, I wish McGwire came out with this information years ago. My cat pugsly was on steroids to maintain his inflammatory bowel disease.
Had I known what Dr. McGwire now tells us, my cat Pugsly could have been a leading power hitter. Well Pugs is no longer with us, so we're left with "what if?". He's the Josh Gibson of cats.
McGwire needs to shut the hell up! He's digging himself in deeper hole every time he speaks!!
On other thing: what did his coaches, managers and team executives know about McGwire's steroid use? Did they turn a blind eye because he was a gate attraction and benefit for the team? It would be interesting to find out what their knowledge was.
On other thing: what did his coaches, managers and team executives know about McGwire's steroid use? Did they turn a blind eye because he was a gate attraction and benefit for the team? It would be interesting to find out what their knowledge was.
It would also be interesting to know whether renowned sports journalists of the time knew or had any reason to suspect such things were taking place.
As a SportsCenter junkie in the early and mid-90s, I have a lot of memories of the cutesy HRs calls, the "going, going gone!" lists, and all sorts of sundry highlighting…. I have this recollection of some sort of "chicks dig the longball" ad campaign a certain network ran with.
Did sports journalists during the steroid era also turn a blind eye to the possibilities? What was their knowledge of the situation? Did they even bother investigating? Were any questions asked? Any physicians or medical researchers consulted? Or were they, too, happy to go along for the ride?
If only we had access to such a person — if there were someone that made a name for him or herself covering sports professionally during the rise and peak of the 'steroid era' and likewise benefited from the glamor and exposure of the offensive explosion we could ask that person "What did you know and when did you know it?" We could ask "Did you bother to ask any questions?" If not, "why not?".
Alas, though, I cannot think of any current PED jihadist who also happened to be a prominent sports journalist during that era.
Hey, I should be able to hit home runs too! I've taken steroids several times in the past. I've inhaled them, had injections, and taken pills. When do I get my major league contract?? 🙂 Okay, so they were the corticosteroids, not the big stuff. Some don't seem to realize that the difference between corticosteroids and anabolic steroids is like the difference between ibuprofen and oxycontin – or even more of a difference than that. Steroid eye drops? Ouch, Keith! I'm sorry to hear that! I'm surprised you're still able to do the show, in that case… but after watching you go through that episode with the ruptured appendix, I've taken to calling you "Iron Man". Jeez… you went to work with a ruptured appendix?? Didn't that hurt like hell? I've had emergency surgery twice, and the second time it hurt so badly before they did surgery that I couldn't even talk. They took out my appendix that time, because, as the doctor said "It was either this or put in a zipper". I figured, what the hell… as long as it was a nice, stylish zipper… 🙂 On a more serious note, I hope you and your father both get better soon. I've got so many things running through my head, but I'll just leave it there. And as to the "one who can't read", well… ignore him/her. Some people aren't worth paying attention to, if you get my drift. Besides, some of them are just out to get your attention, and if you respond, they get worse, hoping for more. Anyway, hugs to you, and I hope things just get better from here.
Another opportunity presented, another opportunity ignored to address why all of the steroid business gets people so riled up. Funny how smack dab in the middle of all the "confession" and "coming clean" and "unburdening" the other day there remained one emphatic, unqualified, unequivocable denial:
"I did NOT sneak into a men's room stall with another man, pull down my pants, and allow the other man stick something in my butt!"
Funny how McGwire shared front-page space here in California with another gay marriage story. Yet again, the oogie, rather fetishized, vaguely homoerotic steroid imagery of syringes, (male) buttocks, shrunken testicles, shaved chests, jockstraps, etc. — which are the real reason for all the hysteria — are buried under endless platitudes about "purity" of records and the "integrity of the game" and a "level playing field".
Jose Canseco should get in touch with his old pal Madonna. I'd love to hear her take on all of this.
I love you and watch your show regularly. However, you lost total legitimacy on your show yesterday by the failure of not reporting the connection between "your friend" Bob Costas and Ari Fleischer. As reported in the NY Times, Costas is represented by IMG, which owns half of Fleischer?s company.
We now know that the entire dog and pony show was set up using Fleischer's crisis control company to orchestrate the proceedings, including the sole interview that had Costas serving softballs to McGwire with little or no tough follow-up questioning.
This was irresponsible journalism at best reminiscent of your adversaries on the othe network.
I am sick of the bogus argument that McGwire and Bonds have used about steroids and eye hand coordination. It's not about increasing their hand eye coordination it is about increasing their strength. The increase in strength gained from steroids makes it so that they can muscle up on pitches. A ball that before steroids would be going to the warning track, can potentially now be hit out with the added strength gained from steroids. These are human beings that already possess incredible hand eye coordination but now can hit the ball out on pitches not hit as squarely as before.
I normally don't watch the show (other side of the political spectrum and married to a total hockey freak). But, you were dead on last night breaking this down. From the whole thing I concluded that either 1) McGwire doesn't have what it took to be a clubhouse leader ("guys in the clubhouse kept saying 'he's hurt again'" doesn't sit well) or he is just interested in image, maybe even trying to get sympathy votes for the hall. Trust me. If he gets in next year and Blyleven doesn't, I'm going to the streets.
The one thing where you could have gone tougher is on commissioner Selig. He was silent then and still doesn't take this seriously. His silence is, in my opinion, an endorsement of the practice. You have lost moral authority to be the head of America's pastime, Mr. Selig. The best thing you can do is act in the best interest of the game and step down.
Some of us really miss you on the sports side. I would love to at least have you once in awhile visit DanNation.
This is a little off-topic, but it?s been bugging me: Why did the Cardinals hire McGwire as a hitting coach?
Yes, he has experience doing exactly the thing he?ll be coaching, but can he pass the benefits of that experience on to others? (He doesn?t seem to be the inspirational mentor type, or particularly analytical either.) He may have been blessed ?by the man? with a freakish ability to hit projectiles with a stick, but everyone knows blessings of that sort are non-transferable. If he was hired by old friends as a favor, or just because they like having him around, won?t those chummy feelings make it difficult to fire him? What will they do when they need a scapegoat?
A couple of comments:
First, I did not see Keith's report, but I don't think Costas made a deal or threw only softballs. Once upon a time, Mike Wallace, for example, would have done that (except that one of Wallace's last TV appearances, if not last, was lobbing wiffleballs at Roger Clemens). Unless I am mistaken, it never has been Costas's style to take that approach in an interview–to illuminate rather than to challenge all that much (granting that I am not a big fan of Costas–I admire his abilities, but I don't have to adore him).
Second, as to Koufax, one of his concerns with the drugs he was taking for his arthritis was that he wouldn't have the reaction time on a shot hit back through the box. Think Herb Score and you can imagine his concerns, especially since Score's injury had happened only a few years before.
Third, amazingly, Koufax has agreed to sit down for a conversation with Joe Torre and T.J. Simers of the LA Times for a benefit for Torre's foundation. Many call Koufax reclusive but really he's more private than anything else. This is big news.
Reviewing McGwuire's cautious admission , a couple of thoughts came to mind:
1. He didn't just play in the "steroid era" – he was a founding father of that era. It's a shame that true sluggers who played (Ken Griffey Jr and Frank Thomas come immediately to mind) without PEDs were shunted to the sidelines while the McGwuire and Sosa enjoyed their roid filled publicity tour in 1998.
2. It would be a shame if McGwuire gets voted into the HOF, but Frank Thomas is penalized for being a DH aka Edgar Martinez.
Thanks and Go White Sox!!
Soydevon, thanks for that link to the Posnanski article. I thought Joe P. was right-on. I agree with his remembrance/paraphrasing of Buck O'Neil about how the media always talks about how using steroids can make you hit better, but rarely does the discussion of long-term health effects even come into play. And how, if Mark really believes – as you or I might, if our roles were reversed – that using steroids DIDN'T help him hit more HRs, it would be insincere of him to say that he did think that. And how he called the Maris family, and admits that they have "every right" to consider Roger's single-season record to be Thee Record.
And as for my two cents… I hope Mark McGwire does his damndest to atone for his steroid use. He's surely got plenty of money. Donate to charity and awareness programs, give speeches to youth baseball teams, stuff like that. If his behavior over the next ten years is exemplary, I won't even complain if he makes it into the hall of fame. Finally, I'd like to provide a link of my own: http://www.theonion.com/content/news_briefs/turns_out_craig_counsell
Go Brewers!


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A young man realizes the beach sand has hypnotic properties
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WowWee's Cinemin Swivel is one of the more distinct pico projectors on the market thanks to its swiveling design, which allows you to project images at various angles, including straight up at the ceiling.
In case you don't know what a pico projector is, as its name implies, it's a miniature handheld projector that's capable of casting a big image (WowWee says the Cinemin Swivel can project an image from 8 inches to 50 inches). The key to these pint-size projectors is that they use an LED light source that's very energy efficient. Pico projectors come in different shapes and sizes; most cost between $300 and $400, and they currently sport resolutions up to 640x480 pixels, though the Cinemin Swivel only offers 480x320 pixels or HVGA resolution. This model uses DLP technology for projecting an image. That's the same technology employed in many rear-projection TVs, but projected on an external wall, movie-theater-style, instead of the backside of a TV screen.
The Cinemin Swivel is similar in size to competing pico projectors, but the 3M MPro120 is slightly smaller and more compact. Weighing in at 6.4 ounces and measuring 5 inches by 3 inches by 8.5 inches, the Swivel model does indeed fit in a pocket (or easily slips in a laptop bag) and comes with a protective sleeve.
The projector is designed to sit on a flat surface, then tilted slightly upward (yes, there's a hinge in the middle of the projector that allows you to tilt the front up). Like other pico projectors, this one doesn't have any keystone settings, so getting a perfectly rectangular image does take some tinkering, and you do have to play around with the focus as you move the projector around.
The Cinemin Swivel can use any video source with a composite AV output, such as most portable DVD players; invest in a separate $40 VGA adapter, and you can use a laptop as well. But WowWee has made a conscious effort to market to iPhone and iPod (with video) owners, bundling in an Apple adapter cable. The adapter comes with a short, detachable foot-long AV cord that connects your Apple device to the projector. There's also a port on the adapter that allows you to connect your iPod or iPhone to your computer via USB and charge it at the same time. The Cinemin Swivel runs for about 2 hours on its removable lithium ion battery; it can charge via USB as well.
It's hard to recommend the Cinema Swivel for business use because the picture isn't really bright or sharp enough to project a decent-size image in a room with any lights on (you're better off using a laptop). But we could see how it would make sense for certain basic business presentations--for instance, projecting photographs or short videos to illustrate a point. Though the picture won't blow anybody away, the tiny size of the projector might impress some folks and score you some points.
Like other pico projectors, this one does best in the dark, and in a blackened room, you can project an acceptable image up to about 26 to 32 inches in size. Yes, you can go to as big as 50 inches, but the trade-off to going that large is a more washed-out image; you'll really have to play around with your throw-distance as well as your lighting conditions to find a size and image you're comfortable with.


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When Lupe King stepped aboard Cunard's newly minted Queen Elizabeth in New York for its maiden world voyage in January, not only was it the beginning of the ship's global service but also King's first day of retirement.
We should all be so lucky.
King was doing what a lot of us wish we could do, except worry about the practicality of leaving home for months at a time.
She learned that, though the desire to go to sea is impulsive, the planning can't be.
For their first globetrotting adventure, Lupe and husband Daniel prepared for six months before leaving on their multi-month sojourn, arranging for everything from automatic billing to a live-in pet sitter. Both have been teaching at a Milwaukee community college, where he continues to work as an instructor.
The Kings are but two of nearly 800 passengers on Queen Elizabeth's debut circumnavigation who will call the vessel home for 103 days while they visit 38 ports worldwide.
Compared with other world travelers, however, the Kings are just getting their feet wet. The record for globetrotting is held by a couple who have spanned the globe 25 times with Cunard and another couple who have spent more than 11 years, in total, aboard one or another of the line's vessels, said Robert Howie, the hotel manager of the 90,900-ton Queen Elizabeth.
Avid challengers to the world cup of cruising are Raymond and Leonnie Petitpren, with homes on the Gold Coast of Australia and near Daytona Beach, Fla.
They have circumnavigated the globe15 times,13 with Cunard.
For this couple, cruising is almost an addiction. When not globetrotting, they take Christmas cruises or weeklong sail-aways.
In particular, this maritime pair not only enjoy the ports, especially discovering unique restaurants at each stop, but also mingling with people of all nationalities, seeing old world-voyager friends, sharing camaraderie among passengers and crew, and, like many others, participating in the pomp and circumstance aboard Cunard's very British trio of oceangoing queens: Elizabeth, Mary and Victoria.
The Petitprens, for instance, relish ballroom dancing, a popular staple on the ship, as well as the line's many formal nights; indeed, for about a third of the evenings aboard the vessel, tuxes and gowns are de rigueur, while for the remainder suit jackets are required.
The regally appointed Queen Elizabeth struck a chord with the Petitprens.
"We think people just look better in formal attire," Raymond Petitpren noted.
The vessel embodies the glamour of high society in the 1930s and1940s. The Art Deco decor pays homage to the first Queen Elizabeth, launched in1938, with double- and triple-deck public areas and intricately detailed interiors replete with rich wood paneling, mosaics, gleaming chandeliers and cool marbles.
Howie noted that the average age of world-cruise passengers aboard the Elizabeth's maiden journey is 68, and fares on the 2,068-passenger vessel for the world cruise range from about $18,000 per person to a tad shy of $200,000 per person for the upper aerie of Queen's Grille suites, including even some duplex apartments.
For the Kings, their journey on the Queen will run about $70,000 for the nearly four-month voyage, excluding the inevitable add-ons such as excursions, wines and spirits, and expenditures for souvenirs and memorabilia.
The Petitprens estimate that couples should expect to spend about another third to half of the fare on such extras.
A veteran of a dozen world cruises himself, Howie cautions couples not to plunge in without sampling voyages of two weeks or longer. The Petitprens agree.
Know yourself and make certain you won't get cabin fever gazing out to endless seas for months at a time. (Of course, if you don't want the whole she-bang, you need only book segments of the circumnavigation.) The experienced Petitprens also advise that world cruisers plan their wardrobe carefully.
Between formal nights and changing climates, you must think twice about what you will wear, they said.
Howie noted the importance of the itinerary in determining not only your garb but also in satisfying your wanderlust for exotic locales.
Howie and the Petitprens agree that it's vital to match your personality to that of the cruise line and to see if the entertainment and onboard enrichment programs suit your tastes.
With these tips under your belt, you can confidently set sail for the farthest reaches on the seven seas.
Plus, other luxe lines such as Princess Cruises, Holland America Lines, Celebrity and Crystal Cruises, among others, offer globetrotting vacations. For information contact a travel agent.
The Queen Elizabeth left Southampton, England, on its world cruise Jan. 5, reaching New York, its secondary embarkation point, Jan. 13. The major ports on the itinerary from there:
Jan. 29 — Los Angeles
Feb. 22 — Sydney
March 19 — Singapore
March 31 — Dubai, United Arab Emirates
April 19 — Southampton
April 26 — New York
When Lupe King stepped aboard Cunard's newly minted Queen Elizabeth in New York for its maiden world voyage in January, not only was it the beginning of the ship's global service but also King's first day of retirement.


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Raise the soundstage
by installing new tweeters in your ride
Installing tweeters in your factory tweeter locations, or custom-mounting them on the upper part of your doors, will give you better stereo imaging and raise the soundstage to your ears. You'll hear better placement of instruments in recordings, and you'll enjoy more depth of sound. This is especially true if the tweeters are part of a component speaker system. And they might not be as difficult to install as you may think.
Standard mounting methods
There are essentially three different ways to mount a tweeter, regardless of where you choose to mount it. Tweeter manufacturers generally include adapters for all three mounting applications.
Surface mount
The tweeter sits on top of the mounting location; you'll need to drill a small hole to pass the speaker wire through and secure the tweeter.
Flush mount
The top of the tweeter sits flush with the mounting surface; you'll need to drill a hole as large as the tweeter itself.
Bottom mount
The tweeter presses up under an existing grille so you won't need to create new holes.
Common tweeter locations
Tweeters improve your music the most when they are near shoulder level, in front of you, and far apart from each other. This allows them to create a raised soundstage with plenty of stereo separation. Below are the four most common places you'll find tweeters mounted in a car.
Sail panel
You'll find the sail in the corner of your door window. Some factory tweeters come installed in this location. Generally, a flush mount works best if your car didn't come with factory tweeters, while a bottom mount might be possible if it did.
Some vehicles come equipped with tweeters in the dash. A bottom mount makes the most sense here, though you might have to build a bracket to secure the tweeter. If you plan to build a bracket, try using the universal back strap we offer.
"A" pillar
The "A" pillar sits between your windshield and front door window, and sometimes houses a factory tweeter. This location generally offers little depth, so a surface mount is likely your best bet here.
Upper door
Custom-mounting in your upper door panel makes sense if your vehicle doesn't come equipped with tweeters, or if the factory tweeter location is too shallow to work with. A flush mount makes the most sense in this location; keep in mind that you'll need to drill a large hole in the panel.
Learn more about tweeters
To learn more about tweeters themselves, you can read our article about how tweeter design affects sound.
When you're ready to add new speakers to your car, use our vehicle selector to find out what fits your car. Or just jump right into our full selection of component speakers. Also, don't hesitate to contact us via phone or email if you have any questions about adding some tweeters or component speakers to your system.


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Two Brookings Institution scholars in collaboration with the Financial Times have developed a new index that aims to offer a more nimble and transparent view of the global economy.
Eswar Prasad and Karim Foda, the two Brookings fellows behind the new TIGER index, endeavored to create a tool that can get a read on the economy without the opacity of forecasts published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) or the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). TIGER stands for Tracking Indexes for Global Economic Recovery.
The recently released forecasts from those organizations do not differ in their conclusions from TIGER that the world economy exhibits both some positive signs and much fragility. But TIGER endeavors to offer a clearer view through "consistent and comparable data" on real economic activity, financial market indicators and confidence.
In contrast to the density of the 250-page IMF forecast, for example, TIGER offers a single interactive page that a reader can mouse over to track growth in the 20 advanced and emerging countries the index tracks. A separate link takes you to detailed charts of the global economy, while clicking on an individual country on the interactive map will show the same data for that country alone. A nifty feature allows readers to look at a specific economic indicator—say, business and consumer confidence—across the countries tracked by TIGER. The webpage also includes a link to a concise, single-page commentary.
In this written commentary, the two Brookings economists are not any more cheerful than other economic forecasts have been in the recent quarter. Their report's first words are, "The world economy is showing scattered signs of vigor but remains on life support, mostly provided by accommodative central banks." Of advanced countries they write: "With fiscal policy already in a tight spot and monetary policy out on a limb in these economies, the room to boost domestic demand is limited." About Europe specifically, Prasad and Foda say that austerity measures undertaken at the same time as structural reforms are leading to declining growth and political instability.
The "scattered signs of vigor" are to be found mostly in the U.S., where "the unemployment rate continues to drop and employment growth has begun to pick up," together with first quarter stock market gains and credit growth.China also gets a positive plug for seeming to be "engineering a soft landing for its economy."
But the tenor of the report, along with specific references to Japan, Europe, India, Brazil and Russia, remains predominantly gloomy. The authors conclude that "the global economic recovery is still sputtering due to a lack of robust demand, policy tools that are stretched to their limits and unable to muster much traction, and enormous risks posed by weak financial systems and political uncertainty."


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The CodeIgniter blog has pointed out something indicating the spread in popularity of the framework - a Japanese CodeIgniter book:
A testament to the strength and flexibility of CodeIgniter is how quickly its been adopted internationally. Today, some of the very active users at CodeIgniter Japan have released CodeIgniter Tettei Nyumon (The Definitive Guide to CodeIgniter).
You can find out more about CodeIgniter Japan from their site. You can also order yourself a copy online.


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Trace Adkins Appointed 2012 American Red Cross Holiday Giving Campaign Spokesman
The season of giving is rapidly approaching, and who better to remind us to do our part to help our fellow man than Trace Adkins? The singer has been appointed the spokesman for the 2012 American Red Cross Holiday Giving Campaign.
As part of his duties, Adkins will encourage Americans to look past the materialism and the accumulation of "things" that are so prevalent during the holiday season in favor of offering charitable donations. And the singer, who lost his home in a fire in 2011, knows all too well what it's like to lose 'things' — and how unimportant they really are.
But that's not all. Adkins is encouraging people to send cards to the military men and women serving our country and to donate blood, since the Red Cross blood supply requires constant renewal.
"When my home was claimed by fire last year, the Red Cross was among the first on site," Adkins said about his long-standing relationship with the organization he now represents. "They looked after my family when I couldn't be there and offered to help in any way they could. We were fortunate because we only lost 'things' that could be replaced. That's not the case for every victim of disaster and that's when the Red Cross steps in. From personal experience, I am supporting the Red Cross and their work to unite families and aid in times of need."
The Red Cross is equally happy to have Adkins on board as part of its celebrity cabinet. "Trace Adkins is a superstar who knows — and lives — the importance of giving back to help those in need, and we are honored to have him supporting the Red Cross holiday campaign," said Gail McGovern, Red Cross president and CEO. "We appreciate Trace's incredible commitment to the Red Cross within the Nashville community and across our nation."
Interested parties — and after Adkins' explanation about how the Red Cross was there for him, how could you not be? — can make tax-deductible donations online, which help provide food and shelter for victims of disasters, as well as military comfort kits. The organization's Holiday Mail for Heroes program collects cards and distributes them throughout the U.S. and at military installations overseas for servicemen and women far from home. Go here for more information on how to send greetings.
Additionally, Adkins' new anthem 'Tough People Do' is featured in PSA for the Holiday Mail for Heroes program.
Follow Trace Adkins' lead and do your part, too!


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Oregon Ducks Tickets
In March, 2017, the Oregon women's volleyball head coach, Jim Moore, and his wife, Stacy Metro, stepped down from their coaching roles. Moore was the most successful head coach in Oregon volleyball history. In his place, Matt Ulmer has been appointed the new head coach and under his leadership the Oregon Ducks are all set for yet another round of matches, and their fans are ready to fully support them.Oregon Ducks refers to all of the sports teams belonging to the University of Oregon which is situated in Eugene, Oregon. Also known as simply the Ducks, they have managed to acquire a huge fan base for themselves and their tickets are considered hot property among sport fans. Grab your deal of the Oregon Ducks tickets before it's too late. Hurry up and purchase your deal now! All the Ducks fans can see their favorite team play in Division 1 of the Pacific 10 Conference of the NCAA.
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The total number of sports teams that this University has is seventeen of which the best teams include football and the University's track and field program. In fact, the Track and Field program's sheer fame, popularity and success has made Eugene to be known as "Track Town of USA." Wrapped up in team colors yellow and green the Ducks come hailing over the play grounds while humming their fight song "Mighty Oregon." The Ducks share a bitter rivalry with the Oregon State Beavers. The rivalry is so intense that it has been dubbed as Civil War by media and fans. Another team who the Ducks want to keep at bay is the Washington Huskies. They became arch rivals during 1948.
The University of Oregon has a long standing relationship with the renowned brand Nike, as both its co-founders Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman were graduates from the University, many athlete runners from the university wore Nike and since that time onwards Nike has had a close relationship the University of Oregon. Varsity sports at the Oregon University are just not limited to the males alone; there are an equal number of varsity sports teams for women as well. They include basketball, soccer, volleyball, golf, softball, team stunts, gymnastics and lacrosse. The University of Oregon is where you find one of the most polished collegiate athletics programs in the nation. The Ducks seem to be dauntless in spirits as they deliver their best in both athletics and academics. Famous athletes including NFL stars, Ahmad Rashad, Joey Harrington, NBA stars Terrell Brandon, Luke Ridnour, and WNBA signee Catherine Kraayeveld were all Ducks. The success of the Ducks can easily be assessed by considering their past five year record, as they have won Pacific 10 Championships in men's track, football and men's basketball. The Football program of the Ducks began way back in 1893 and presently, the team plays all its home games at the Autzen Stadium.
As far as Oregon's Cross Country and Track and Field programs are concerned it has garnered countless titles across all the disciplines and as of 2009, it holds all of the university's championships except 1939 championship in men's basketball. The men's basketball team began play 1902 under the supervision of head coach Charles Burden. They play their home games at McArthur Court. The Duck's baseball team established in 1877 and they play their games at the PK Park. The Athletics director for the team is Rob Mullens. The Ducks have a long list of achievements they were the proud winners of a grand total of seventeen NCAA national championships. The y won the championship for Men's Basketball in 1939. They have been taking home the trophy for Men's Cross Country during years 1971, 1973, 1974, 1977, 2007 and 2008. As far as women's cross country is concerned they have taken the trophy home once in 1983 and then again in 1987. They won Women's indoor Track and Field in 2010 and the men's team won it in the previous year 2009. Men's Track and field Championship was won in 1962, 1964, and also in the following year. They won it again in 1970 and 1984. The women were victorious in the Track and Field in 1985.Now isn't that an amazing list of victories one after the other. The Oregon Ducks deserve a big round of applause. It is no wonder that Oregon Ducks tickets sell out like hot cakes, so grab your deal of the tickets right away and catch their games LIVE! Oregon Ducks Tickets This college sports team may have Disney's Donald Duck as its mascot, but winning from them is not a child's play.
We are talking about are none other than Oregon Ducks that represent University of Oregon in college athletics. The Ducks are famous for winning a total of 17 NCAA championships, and have garnered a strong fan base across the nation. Just like every year, the highly competitive athletic departments of the University of Oregon are all set to prove their mettle. They are aiming to crush every opposition and clinch the PAC-10 title. In order to catch all the action live, college sports fans have already started booking their Oregon Ducks Tickets for this season. You better order your tickets quickly before we run out of best deals! Located in Eugene, Oregon, the University of Oregon boasts 17 different men's and women's sports teams that are known as the Oregon Ducks. These teams play in the Division 1 of the NCAA under Pacific-10 Conference. The Ducks are best known for their football and Track and Field programs, due to which Eugene is now dubbed the 'Track Town, USA'. The main rivalries of the Ducks are with the Washington Huskies and the Oregon State Beavers. The team colors of the Oregon Ducks are yellow and green, and their mascot is Disney's very famous cartoon character – Donald Duck. The Ducks' fight song 'Mighty Oregon' is quite popular among the fans who love singing it especially when the team is playing against its famous rivals. The Oregon Ducks have won 17 National Championship titles till date. the sports for which the Ducks have achieved these titles, include Men's Basketball (one title in 1939), Men's Track & Field (five titles in 1962, 1964, 1965, 1970, and 1984), Men's Cross Country (six titles in 1971, 1973, 1974, 1977, 2007, and 2008), Men's Indoor Track & Field (in 2009), Women's Cross Country (two championships in 1983, and 1987), Women's Track & Field (in 1985), and the most recent one being the Women's Indoor Track & Field, in 2010.
The University of Oregon has a football stadium on its north, called the Autzen Stadium, which is the home of its football team. The stadium opened in 1967, and since then, it has experienced a few expansions. It can seat up to 54,000 spectators, but whenever there is a Ducks match, the number of spectators increases. Thus, the official attendance of the Autzen Stadium is approximately 59,000 and has exceeded capacity for every game ever since the year of 2002. The university also consists of a basketball arena, called the McArthur Court. It is named for Clifton N. (Pat) McArthur, who was a student-athlete and the first student body president of the university. However, the arena is shortened to just as 'The Pit' or 'Mac Court'. The McArthur Court is famous for being one of the toughest arenas in the state for rival teams to play in. In addition to these, a new college baseball stadium, called the PK Park, has also been built to provide home to the Oregon Ducks. The Oregon Ducks football team has proved to be among the best teams for the past some years. This season, the Ducks are once again ready to take down all their rivals and prove their domination in college football. Will they be able to do it? And how well can they perform in other sports? You definitely need to book Oregon Ducks Tickets to see the results, as there is nothing like watching their games live amidst other Ducks fans. So grab your deal and watch the mighty Ducks live in action!
Oregon Ducks Ticket Prices
The average price for Oregon Ducks Tickets start from $53. The minimum get in price is $24 for Oregon Ducks Tickets at the Arizona Stadium, Tucson. For a detailed look at ticket prices and amazing discounts, visit our website.
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Q:What is the last day to buy Duck Basketball Tickets?
A:There is no last date as such to buy Oregon Ducks Tickets because they will be available for as long as they are sold-out. If the tickets to a particular game that you want to see are available on the day of the game, then you can even buy them on the same day. In quite a few instances however, tickets are sold-out well in advance and that is exactly why we advise our customers to book their tickets as early as possible.
Q:How much will it cost me to watch an Oregon Ducks Football Game if I buy season tickets?
A:How much will it cost to watch a football game if you buy Oregon Ducks season tickets depends on the package you pick and how much you spend at the game. The good news is that if you want season tickets, then Oregon Ducks Tickets are available with us right now. The average price for the Oregon Ducks season tickets is $728 right now. The average get in price is $473. Season tickets are very limited in numbers so if you want to buy them, this is your chance to do that.
Q:What is the price of ducks tickets?
A:The team has a reputation for their brilliant football and track and field programs. The price list for Oregon Ducks Tickets is given on our page along with the seating chart. Just visit the page and select the tickets which most suit your needs and place the order before it is too late.
Q:Till when can i get discount oregon track tickets?
A:You can get Oregon Ducks Tickets on discounted rates by following simple instructions on our page. Check out the directions and place the order as soon as possible.
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The POS is shredding the Second Amendment, but we still have the First! – our Constitutional right of free speech to make fun of the squatter in the White House.
Let's use it before that's taken from us too!
Here's the pic for the 38th world-famous FOTM Caption Contest:
You know the drill:
- The winner of the Caption Contest will get a fancy Award Certificate and a year's free subscription to FOTM!
- FOTM writers will vote for the winner.
- Any captions proffered by FOTM writers, no matter how brilliant (ha ha), will not be considered.
This contest will be closed in a week, at the end of next Friday, January 25, 2013.
To get the contest going, here's my caption:
"Dictators always drape themselves with little children. Just ask Hitler."
For the winner of our last Caption Contest, go here!