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What is the OPC stance on double predestination?
The Orthodox Presbyterian Church states, in its official Confession and Catechisms, that God has chosen some out of the human race to be saved through the finished work of Christ, thus inheriting eternal life. It also acknowledges that others of the same human race are not chosen to eternal life and therefore foreordained to everlasting punishment. This teaching is clearly stated, for example, in the Westminster Confession of Faith, Chapter III, section 3 which says this:
By the decree of God, for the manifestation of his glory, some men and angels are predestined unto eternal life, and others foreordained to everlasting death.
In other words, God sovereignly ordains the eternal destiny of every human being—the lost as well as the saved. This has sometimes been called "double predestination."
However, a careful study of the Westminster Standards will show that this is never to be understood to say—or even imply—that these are parallel to each other in some symmetrical way (as if every aspect in the one case has a corresponding aspect in the other). In the case of the elect there is a divine intervention called regeneration. This is a sovereign work of God the Holy Spirit whereby a sinner who is spiritually dead is made alive. It is this that enables a sinner to see and enter the Kingdom of God (as Jesus teaches in John 3). In other words, God works in those whom he has chosen to enable them to repent and believe. It follows that all the praise, credit and glory belongs to him alone. It does not belong to the elect sinner who repents and believes. In the case of those who are not elect, however, there is no internal work of God. It is not God who makes them evil. They already are evil. In their case the Word of God only hardens them in their sin. And it is to them alone—and not to God—that the blame therefore must belong for their final reprobation.
There is a God-decreed finality in both the predestination of the elect to eternal life and the foreordination of reprobate to condemnation. But there is no symmetry between them. It was for this very reason that the Westminster Assembly never used the Scriptural term predestination in speaking of the lost, but instead the term foreordination.
Thanks for giving me this opportunity to say something again about this awesome subject.
"Questions and Answers" is a weekly feature of the OPC website. The answers come from individual ministers in the Orthodox Presbyterian Church expressing their own convictions and do not necessarily represent an "official" position of the Church, especially in areas where the Standards of the Church (the Scriptures and the Westminster Confession of Faith and Catechisms) are silent.
The questions come from individuals like yourself. If you have questions about biblical and theological matters, you are invited to send them by e-mail by using the "Pose a Question" link on the OPC home page or by clicking here.
At least one new question is posted each week, so there should always be something new here for you to read. (For those people who would like to look at previous questions and answers, they will continue to be available as well.)
The purpose of the OPC website's "Questions and Answers" is to respond to biblical and theological questions. Matters of church discipline, disputes, or debates go beyond the scope of our work. We recommend that you present your concerns in these areas to the appropriate judicatory. In most cases this will be to a local pastor, elder, or session. We do not want the website to replace personal involvement in, or commitment to, the local, visible church.
While we will respond to every serious questioner, we are not bound to give a substantive answer to every question, should we deem the question to be beyond the scope of our purpose or our own ability to answer.
You will receive an answer by e-mail. Please be patient as many of our respondents are busy pastors. The response to your question may take up to two (2) weeks. Some of the questions submitted will be chosen to be posted here, along with the corresponding answers.
Note that the "Questions and Answers" posted on the site have been editedall personal references are removed, Scripture references or from some source may be added, and sometimes portions are expandedto make the questions and answers more useful to a larger audience.
|© 2020 The Orthodox Presbyterian Church
Chaplains and Military Personnel


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It used to be that arcade racing games were the preserve of, well, the arcades. You had to travel miles to a grimy, noisy room just to pump coins into huge machines - but the slick racing action was worth it.
Then home console technology caught up and eventually exceeded that of the arcades, and we started staying home for our arcade racer kicks.
Now your Android is as powerful as the machines in your dwindling local arcade, and you can enjoy superb 3D racers anywhere you like. Check out the top 5 Android arcade racing games list.
No pound coins required.

subset: commoncrawl


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Nikon injecting some rough and tumble spirit into its Coolpix range with its first adventurer-cam, the Coolpix AW100. Available in not just camouflage but orange and black too, the AW100 rocks some serious scramble-proof tech. The compact is shockproof to heights of 1.5m, freezeproof down to temperatures of -10℃ and waterproof to 10m – so you can take underwater shots when you're snorkelling or snap away on the slopes when you're skiing.
Built-in GPS, electronic compass and world map means the all-weather compact shouldn't let you down when you're out in the wild. Image-wise, there's a 16MP sensor on board, with a panorama mode for 180 and 360 degree photos and it also shoots Full HD 1080p movies. On sale on 8 September, the AW100 will cost £330. Nikon – one, great outdoors – nil.
House of Marley speaker docks to satisfy our souls in early 2012


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Gemcitabine Hydrochloride and Oxaliplatin or Observation in Treating Patients With Biliary Tract Cancer That Has Been Removed by Surgery
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01313377
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : March 11, 2011
Last Update Posted : January 25, 2017
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as gemcitabine hydrochloride and oxaliplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Observation is watching a patient's condition but not giving treatment until symptoms appear. It is not yet known whether giving gemcitabine hydrochloride together with oxaliplatin is more effective than observation in treating patients with biliary tract cancer that has been removed by surgery.
PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying giving gemcitabine hydrochloride together with oxaliplatin to see how well it works compared with observation in treating patients with biliary tract cancer that has been removed by surgery.
|Condition or disease
|Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer Gallbladder Cancer Liver Cancer
|Drug: gemcitabine hydrochloride Drug: oxaliplatin Other: clinical observation Procedure: adjuvant therapy Procedure: quality-of-life assessment
|Phase 3
- Compare disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with resected biliary tract cancer treated with adjuvant gemcitabine hydrochloride and oxaliplatin versus clinical observation.
- Compare quality of life of these patients.
- Compare overall survival of these patients.
- Determine the toxicity of the chemotherapy in these patients.
- Explore prognostic factors for DFS including resection result (R0 vs R1), location of primary tumor (intrahepatic vs extrahepatic vs gallbladder), evolution of CA19-9, and lymph node involvement (N0 vs N+ and Nx). (Exploratory)
- Study pathological factors in surgical specimens to identify main characteristics and phenotypic clinicoanatomical biliary tract cancers before therapy. (Exploratory)
- Identify nontumor-associated liver injury and factors that may facilitate the emergence of biliary tract cancers. (Exploratory)
- Identify signaling pathways that may predict response to therapy. (Exploratory)
- Determine the molecular characteristics to differentiate tumors according to their position in the biliary tract (extrahepatic bile duct, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma site [hilar], and peripheral cholangiocarcinoma vesicle site). (Exploratory)
OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.
- Arm I: Patients receive gemcitabine hydrochloride IV over 100 minutes on day 1 and oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 2. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 12 courses.
- Arm II: Patients undergo clinical observation only every 4 weeks for 5 months. Quality of life is assessed at baseline, at 3 and 6 months, and then at all follow-up visits.
After completion of study therapy, patients are followed up at 6 months, every 3 months for 2 years, and then every 6 months for 3 years.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|190 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Phase III Multicenter Randomized Study Comparing the Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Six Months With Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 (GEMOX 85) to Observation in Patients Who Underwent Surgery for Cancer of the Bile Ducts
|Study Start Date :
|July 2009
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|June 2016
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|June 2016
Experimental: ARM A: Gemox 85
Adjuvant chemotherapy for six months with gemcitabine - oxaliplatin 85mg / m² ( GEMOX 85)
Drug: gemcitabine hydrochloride
Drug: oxaliplatin
Procedure: adjuvant therapy
Procedure: quality-of-life assessment
Observation until progression or death
Other: clinical observation
Procedure: quality-of-life assessment
- Disease-free survival [ Time Frame: up to 3 years ]
- Quality of life [ Time Frame: up to 3 years ]
- Overall survival [ Time Frame: up to 3 years ]
- Toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy [ Time Frame: up to 3 years ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 120 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the intrahepatic bile ducts, gallbladder, or extrahepatic bile ducts
- Mixed forms of hepatocholangiocarcinomas included provided the cholangiocarcinoma is predominant
- Underwent surgical resection of the disease (R0 or R1) at least 4 weeks but no more than 13 weeks ago
- Nonmetastatic disease as assessed by abdominal MRI and chest x-ray
- No cancer of the pancreas or duodenum invading the bile duct and ampulla of Vater
- ECOG performance status 0-2
- Hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL (transfusion allowed)
- ANC ≥ 1,500/mm³
- Platelet count ≥ 75,000/mm³
- Creatinine clearance > 40 mL/min
- Prothrombin time > 60% OR INR < 1.5 (without anticoagulant therapy)
- Transaminases ≤ 5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
- Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 times ULN
- Conjugated bilirubin ≤ 35 μmol/L (after biliary drainage, if necessary)
- Not pregnant or nursing
- Negative pregnancy test
- Fertile patients must use effective contraception
- No contraindications to oxaliplatin and gemcitabine hydrochloride therapy
- Prior invasive cancer allowed provided it has been in complete remission for ≥ 5 years
- No other concurrent invasive cancer except adequately treated carcinoma in situ of the cervix or basal cell carcinoma
- No other severe, unresolved disease
- No mental illness
- No HIV positivity
- No grade 1 angina or symptomatic angina ≥ grade 2
- No sensitive peripheral neuropathy
- No uncontrolled diabetes
- No inability to undergo medical tests due to geographical, social, or psychological reasons
- No prisoners or patients under guardianship
- No Child B or C cirrhosis
- See Disease Characteristics
- No prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy
- No prior organ transplantation
- No concurrent participation in another clinical trial of an experimental agent
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01313377
|Principal Investigator:
|Eveline Boucher, MD
|Centre Eugene Marquis
|Responsible Party:
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|March 11, 2011 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|January 25, 2017
|Last Verified:
|January 2017
adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct
cholangiocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct
liver and intrahepatic biliary tract cancer
localized extrahepatic bile duct cancer
adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma of the gallbladder
localized gallbladder cancer
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Bile Duct Neoplasms
Digestive System Neoplasms
Neoplasms by Site
Digestive System Diseases
Biliary Tract Neoplasms
Biliary Tract Diseases
Gallbladder Diseases
Bile Duct Diseases
Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial
Neoplasms by Histologic Type
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Antineoplastic Agents
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Enzyme Inhibitors
Immunosuppressive Agents
Immunologic Factors
Physiological Effects of Drugs


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Frozen Pet Treats For Dogs and Cats
8 Frozen Treats For Summer-Lovin' Dogs and Cats
We're in the midst of Summer, so tongues are lolling and your pet friends are undoubtedly feeling a little lethargic. Did you know that all you need to put some spring back in their step is an ice cube tray, a blender, and a few ingredients you already have around the kitchen? Stay away from sugar and salt, but feel free to get creative with these dog- and cat-safe recipes for chilly Summer treats.
- Liver treats: Blend chicken or beef liver with plain yogurt, then freeze in an ice cube tray.
- Banana-yogurt treats: Slice a banana, then place one slice into each cup in an ice cube tray. Pour dollops of yogurt over each banana slice, then freeze.
- Egg treats: Blend a few whole eggs (including shells) until smooth, then freeze in an ice cube tray.
- Pumpkin treats: Blend some plain yogurt with canned pumpkin (not pumpkin pie mix), then freeze in an ice cube tray.
- Cottage cheese and cheddar treats: Place a dollop of cottage cheese in each cup of an ice cube tray. Cut cheddar into small chunks, and then press one into the center of each cottage cheese dollop and freeze.
- Chicken or beef treats: Place a little leftover cooked chicken or beef in the cups of an ice cube tray. Pour unsalted chicken or beef broth over the meat and freeze.
- Tuna treats: In a bowl, mix plain yogurt with tuna (packed in water). Place a dollop of the tuna-yogurt mixture in each cup of an ice cube tray and freeze.
- Peanut butter treats: Blend up some peanut butter and plain yogurt, then freeze in an ice cube tray.


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Listings near Nicasio, Woodlake, Long Beach, Scotts Valley, Live Oak and Arcata
Menagerie Farm & Flower
in Flower Farmers, Weddings & Events, National/Overnight Delivery, Wholesalers of American-grown Flowers
We are growers & purveyors of cut flowers and speciality fruits. A family run farm nestled at the based of the Sutter Buttes mountain range in California, our specialty is field grown garden roses produced for fine floral studios across the country.
Live Oak, California
United States
Review this
Sun Valley Floral Farm
Sun Valley is committed to creating an exceptional floral experience for our customers. Our purpose is to achieve an unwavering dedication to quality, year round availability and unparalleled customer service.
3160 Upper Bay Road
Arcata, California 95521
United States
Review this
Fax: 707-826-8706
Stargazer Barn
in National/Overnight Delivery
Stargazer Barn is a gathering place for connoisseurs. We offer curated gift collections featuring: Farm fresh American Grown flowers, small batch wines, bean to bar chocolate, eco-conscious perfume, organic coffee and hand-made jewelry.
Arcata, California
United States
Review this
in Studio Florists, Weddings & Events
277 Hidden Glen Dr.
Scotts Valley, California 95066-4634
United States
The Petal Exchange Floral Design
in Weddings & Events, Wholesalers of American-grown Flowers
3259 Chatwin Ave.
Long Beach, California 90808
United States
Blue Dot Blossoms
2800 Nicasio Valley Rd.
Nicasio, California 94946
United States
Rustic Roots Floral Design
in Studio Florists, Weddings & Events
Woodlake, California
United States
Flora Organica Designs
in Retail Florists, Weddings & Events
1803 Buttemilk Lane
Arcata, California 95521
United States


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Playwright Norman Lasca is almost onto something. A quartet of monologues set during a Minnesota heatwave, "A Great Place to Be From" brushes against beautiful moments, but Lasca's writing always underlines the beauty. A sharp dramaturg and a more experienced writer — this is the scribe's second New York production — could burn the signposts and let the play speak for itself.
At his best, Lasca spins four vivid worlds out of words (Babel Theater Project provides minimal design). When flaky hospital orderly D (Jacques Roy) describes his pet Rottweiler as a "muscular black lamb," he conjures both the gentle dog and his affection for it. And when he explains how he saved his pet's life after a vicious attack, every bloody moment feels tangible.
In the lengthy final piece, Lasca creates a bizarre symbol for isolation that nevertheless feels relatable: Anne (Kim Martin-Cotten) and her husband try to cloak their suburban loneliness with gifts. One day Anne receives a vintage leather sling — one that might be used by an actor to bind his leg and pretend he's an amputee. Eventually, the sling becomes the centerpiece in a sad ritual with serious consequences. We can imagine it hanging off Anne's body, like a calfskin reminder of how stunted her life has become.
It works because it's the one symbol the play doesn't explain. Otherwise, Lasca succumbs to the inexperienced writer's fear that the audience just won't get it. Anne actually defines the "quiet resignation" of her marriage, and in the third monologue, in which a bitter grocery store employee (Andrew Zimmerman) describes his jingoistic boss, almost every joke gets dissected.
The actors try to make these deadweight lines sound natural, but the production feels stilted.
Energy also lags because aside from Anne, the speakers barely respond to what they describe. We learn more about the clerk's boss than we do about the clerk, and D spends more time explaining his dog than himself. Ultimately, these characters have almost no point of view, so it's hard to know why they're talking.
The writing results in vague perfs, especially from Matthew Johnson, whose shlubby twentysomething offers almost no personal details as he describes his emotionally abusive girlfriend. We know about her breasts and her job and her shopping habits, but we're lucky to know that he drinks cheap beer. Lacking a specific character, the thesp resorts to generic sarcasm, capping every statement with an ironic chuckle. It's not clear whether director Geordie Broadwater requested this tic or simply allowed it.
Martin-Cotten, on the other hand, is given a character who actually reacts to her own story and manages an excellent performance. When she's talking about her secrets, shame ripples in her voice, and when she walks, she has the clipped energy of a person insisting everything's fine. Those choices add some valuable nuance to the show.


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One of only seven very large and exclusive homesites offering a unique environment to call home. Conservancy Place is surrounded by miles of paved trails designed for hiking, biking and walking along the Yahara River conservancy corridor. Beautiful parks, ponds, mature trees, and abundant conservancy land are just some of the outstanding features of this wonderful community. This lot backs up to conservancy land where you closest neighbor could be a pair of nesting cranes or a doe and her fawn.
Features Lots and Acreage
|Total Acres: 0.81
|Zoning: PUD
|Present Zoning: PUD
|Lot Size: 100x257x327x197
|Lot Description: Rural - in subdivision
|Taxes: $3,909
|Elementary School: Windsor
|Middle School: DeForest
|High School: DeForest
|School District: De Forest Area
|Body of Water:


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|Article number:
|In stock (5)
Balsa Foam is an amazing plastic foam that carves like butter and paints like wood. It's ideal for sculpting and model making because it can be carved, chiseled, sawed, textured, or embossed with sharp-edged detail.
Like balsa wood, it accepts virtually any kind of spray or brush-applied paint. Use a water-based finishing medium to seal the foam and harden the surface. Unlike other plastic foams, Balsa Foam does not expand, contract, or warp at temperatures below 350°F (177°C). It has a density of approximately 5 lb per cubic foot.


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[blip.tv http://blip.tv/play/gZJbgq2jdQI%5D
The HDNet-televised Titan Fighting Championships return Friday night with the company's 17th installment.
In anticipation of the show, which features the MMA return of former WWE star Bobby Lashley, we take a look at a TFC 16 fight between UFC vet Rich Clementi and local prospect Aaron "Daddy Long Legs" Derrow.
The lightweight bout provided one of the night's most shocking finishes.
Each week HDNet and MMAjunkie.com release a new and exclusive fight from
the ever-growing HDNet Fights video library. Stunning knockouts, slick
submissions, shocking finishes and legendary brawls are the norm for
this weekly feature.
Clementi vs. Derrow is no exception.
Clementi (39-17-1) entered the January bout much more experienced and with a busy 2010 fight schedule in which he went 4-2. A former member of the Navy Seabees, the Louisiana-based gym owner took the fight on short notice while hoping to kick off his 2011 campaign in successful fashion.
But he first had to get by Missouri submission specialist Derrow (9-2), whose lanky frame has provided a number of triangle-choke and rear-naked-choke victories. Clementi represented his most notable opponent to date.
Would the veteran pull of the victory, or would Derrow secure the upset?
Check out the embedded clip for the answer.
Each week MMAjunkie.com (www.mmajunkie.com) and HDNet Fights (www.hdnetfights.com) team up for "HDNet Fights Vault," which offer a new and unique video from the organization's ever-growing fight library. The weekly feature is a continuation of a long-standing partnership between MMAjunkie.com and HDNet. For more information on HDNet, which broadcasts more MMA events than any other TV


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Recipe from Sue Sandifers
By the pound
Pork any kind - cut pork into bite size (Not too small)
1 1/2tbs. Soy Sauce
1 tbs. Teriyaki Sauce
1/4 cup cooking wine or sherry...I prefer white wine
1/2 cup water
1 package brown gravy salt and pepper
Cooked rice
Put pork in a pot sprinkle with salt and pepper and brown..Add sauces and wine and bring to a boil. Cover and boil for about 5 min. Add water and stir. Cover and cook for another 20 min or untill meat is tender and juicy. Meanwhile prepare gravy as package says. When ready add gravy. Bring to a boil and serve with rice and corn. If gravy is too runny just add some flour or cornstarch.
*DISCLAIMER*: The information contained in or provided through this site section is intended for general consumer understanding and education only and is not intended to be and is not a substitute for professional advice. Use of this site section and any information contained on or provided through this site section is at your own risk and any information contained on or provided through this site section is provided on an "as is" basis without any representations or warranties.


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To people who follow politics these two facts are obvious. But they're not part of most "tragedy of gridlock" false-equivalence stories, and I believe they would come as news to most of the public. The two facts are:
- If the House of Representatives voted on a "clean" budget bill -- one that opened up the closed federal offices but did not attempt to defund the Obama health care program -- that bill would pass, and the shutdown would be over. Nearly all Democrats would vote for it, as would enough Republicans to end the shutdown and its related damage. (And of course it
would passhas already passed the Senate, repeatedly, unless the minority dared filibuster it,and would be signed by the president.) For illustrations of the wanton damage, see here and here.
- So far House Speaker John Boehner has refused to let this vote occur. His Tea Party contingent knows how the vote would go and therefore does not want it to happen; and such is Boehner's fear of them, and fear for his job as Speaker, that he will not let it take place.
These two points are why the normal D.C.-poohbah moanings about the need for compromise do not apply. The Democratic administration, and a sufficient number of Republicans, already agree and are ready enough to compromise to solve this problem. If the normal machinery of democracy were allowed to work, the manufactured crisis would be over. The only reason the senseless damage is being done is that hostage-takers have terrorized members of their own party.
I wish John Boehner were a vainer man. (And I wish that Boehner and vainer didn't rhyme, undercutting the point.) The way he could earn a place in history, admiring chapters in Profiles in Courage-type books, and even a long swing on the university-lecture circuit would be to defy his extremist minority. And maybe eventually he will.
I am reminded of these points by a very good story this evening on NPR. It's this report, by All Things Considered host Melissa Block, based on an interview with Republican Representative Charlie Dent of Pennsylvania (right). Dent has voted for the various defund-Obamacare resolutions that have come down the pike. But in the segment he explains why he thinks it's (obviously) time to return the government to normal functioning and work out health-policy differences through established channels.
One reason to listen to this story: it shows, in contrast even to some other NPR coverage, how you can be "fair" in presenting a story without sinking into the mire of false-equivalence, "everyone's to blame"-ism. The other reason is for a reminder of the two basic points above.
Very soon, I will return to our travelogue.
We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor or write to email@example.com.


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- collection
- 1867 - ca 1942
Fonds consists of 2 accessions
B1965-0012: Scrapbooks (1888-1930) compiled by Janet Cumming McLennan as a memorial to her brother, Sir John Cunningham McLennan, professor of physics at the University of Toronto; correspondence; "A message to Youth" compiled by Janet C. McLennan (1941); certificates, diplomas and resolutions re Sir John Cunningham McLennan. Photographic reproductions. (8 boxes, 1867-ca. 1942) [Series 1 and 2]
B1993-0037: Manuscript by Arthur V. White, entitled "The McLennan laboratory: its initiation and purpose" (1936); copy of the Medical Research Council's (UK) Report on radium beam therapy research, 1934-37", with explanatory notes by Janet McLennan and copies of correspondence bound in; photo of J.C. McLennan in his lab (1928). (1 box, 1928-1938) [series 3 and 4]


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LATINA TEACHERS IN LOS ANGELES: NAVIGATING RACE/ETHNIC AND CLASS BOUNDARIES IN MULTIRACIAL SCHOOLS by Glenda Marisol Flores ________________________________________________ A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (SOCIOLOGY) December 2011 Copyright 2011 Glenda Marisol Flores
Object Description
|Latina teachers in Los Angeles: navigating race/ethnic and class boundaries in multiracial schools
|Flores, Glenda Marisol
|Author email
|Doctor of Philosophy
|Document type
|Degree program
|College of Letters, Arts And Sciences
|Date defended/completed
|Date submitted
|Date approved
|Restricted until
|Date published
|Advisor (committee chair)
|Hondagneu-Sotelo, Pierrette
|Advisor (committee member)
Saito, Leland T.
Pulido, Laura
|This is the first major study of the professional lives and workplace experiences of Latina teachers who work in urban, multiracial schools. While there is a plethora of research on Latina immigrant women working in factories, the informal economy and low skill-jobs in the U.S., the work experiences of college-educated Latina professionals, with a few exceptions, have been ignored. Today, Latina women are the fastest growing (non-white) racial/ethnic group entering the teaching profession. This dissertation focuses on the experiences and perceptions of Latina teachers, most of whom are the daughters of Mexican immigrant working-class parents. The study examines Latina teachers' pathways into the profession, their interracial relations and interactions with co-teachers, staff and parents, and intra-class boundaries with parents and students in their workplaces. This study relies on two multiracial elementary schools in two school districts in Los Angeles County; one in the San Gabriel Valley and one in Compton. The research design research relies on multiple qualitative methods. This included 50 in-depth interviews with teachers, over 400 hours of fieldwork conducted in the teachers' homes and school settings, and focus groups with 28 parents. The data reveals that while Latina teachers' reasons for entering the occupation are linked to gender and racial-ethnic identities, their career choices are fundamentally driven by working class constraints in their families of origin. Once in the profession, Latina teachers develop a missionary zeal motivation to help Latino students and families, but these processes work out differently in each of the research sites, as contrasting regional racial hierarchies emerge in the schools. The comparative study design contrasts Latina teachers at Garvey Unified, a predominantly working-class Latino and Chinese community in Rosemead, with Latina teachers in Compton, a formerly African American community that is now predominantly Latino. The research shows that Latina teachers distance themselves from Blacks in Compton, while Latina teachers in Rosemead see proximity to Asian American students, and community resources provided by Asian immigrants as an opportunity for themselves and Latino students. The research also reveals that while Latino cultural practices are unwelcome in many institutional work settings, this is not the case in these multiracial schools. At these urban multiracial schools, Latina teachers serve as cultural bridges between the educational institution, a white mainstream organization, and working class Latino communities and families. This allows Latina teachers to facilitate the incorporation of Latino immigrants and the mobility patterns of Latino children. Latina teachers in both of the school sites encourage one another to actively incorporate aspects of Latino ethnic culture in their teaching and classrooms to help Latino children and parents integrate into American society. High stakes testing, however, results in racial tension among teachers and parents at the school sites, hampering their efforts. These research findings have significance for the sociological fields of race, immigration, work and occupations and education.
|Latina teachers; multiracial workplaces; interracial relations; middle-class; upwardly mobile; Latina professionals
|Part of collection
|University of Southern California dissertations and theses
|Publisher (of the original version)
|University of Southern California
|Place of publication (of the original version)
|Los Angeles, California
|Publisher (of the digital version)
|University of Southern California. Libraries
|Electronically uploaded by the author
|Legacy record ID
|Contributing entity
|University of Southern California
|Flores, Glenda Marisol
|Physical access
|The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given.
|Repository name
|University of Southern California Digital Library
|Repository address
|USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA
|Repository email
|Archival file
|Page 1
|Contributing entity
|University of Southern California
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|LATINA TEACHERS IN LOS ANGELES: NAVIGATING RACE/ETHNIC AND CLASS BOUNDARIES IN MULTIRACIAL SCHOOLS by Glenda Marisol Flores ________________________________________________ A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (SOCIOLOGY) December 2011 Copyright 2011 Glenda Marisol Flores


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Magnum Documentary Photography Course: in association with London College of Communication
June 13, 2014
Magnum Photos is an agency synonymous with integrity, curiosity and 'concerned' photography. For over sixty years, Magnum's international photographers have chronicled the world; helping to shape documentary photography as a modern form of both artistic expression and a tool for change.
As a modern agency, the current preoccupation is focused on the role of authorship in an image-saturated world. In conjunction with Magnum's historic archive, a new means of culturally relevant production is being explored, leading to a greater dialogue with the wider market, expanded platforms and emerging geographies. With over six decades of experience and with access to world-leading photographers and professionals, Magnum Photos is committed in the transfer of its accumulated knowledge to a new generation of visual storytellers.
During this three-week course, students will become absorbed in the practice and history of documentary photography and Magnum's legacy and contemporary contribution to it. The course will support development and production of photographic projects from start to finish.
The course will be led by acclaimed, award-winning Magnum photographers Stuart Franklin and Chris Steele-Perkins, alongside experienced tutors from London College of Communication, and will consider all elements of successful project development; from research phases, to access and shooting, to the editing and creation of a public projection and final book dummy, supported by leading book designer and publisher, Stuart Smith.
The course will focus on the theme 'A Sense of Place'; the conveyance of a narrative about a particular geography, identity or culture. Magnum & LCC will equip students with the historical and contextual framework required to raise critical thinking about documentary photography, as well as providing technical guidance and tutorial support. Class time will be supported by evening lectures from LCC staff and a selection of Magnum photographers.
The experience of joining the Magnum Documentary Photography Course will be a unique and positive learning experience, with a social dimension that will allow students to interact with others; sharing ideas and expertise.
The course will consist of these main elements:
• Shooting on location – daily assignments and briefs in London
• Magnum Print Room – you will spend a weekend learning the mechanics of the photography business, networking and career development
• Lectures - led by Magnum photographers and LCC staff
• Critique – individually and in groups, looking at technique, subject and personal voice
• Book production – learning how editing, sequencing and design can reveal narrative
• Graduation party –celebrate and display work digitally to a public and industry audience
The learning outcomes connected to the course are:
• Create an industry standard and academically informed body of photographic work
• Have unique insight into the history of documentary photography
• Engage in critical debates on ethics, industry and technology in contemporary photographic practice
• Continue developing essential skills in writing, editing and making work for different audiences
01/08/2014 - 21/08/2014 Monday - Friday 11:00 - 17:00 3 Weeks £3000 Elephant & Castle – SE1
MORE INFORMATION & BOOKING DETAILS
About London College of Communication: LCC is a pioneering world leader in media and design education, and research programmes geared to preparing students for successful creative careers. Our courses are known for being industry focused with students taught by an inspiring community of experienced academics, technical experts and leading specialist practitioners. Generations of award-winning photographers, filmmakers, screenwriters, journalists, broadcasters, designers and advertising and PR professionals have started their careers at LCC, and today's graduates continue to be highly sought after and win prestigious international awards. www.arts.ac.uk/lcc
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