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SEATTLE, Washington -- The old adage tells that oil doesn't mix with water. It doesn't do much for creatures in the water either, as demonstrated by new research on the effects of water-borne oil on seabirds along the Atlantic Coast in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.
Chronic oil pollution has been a long-standing problem along a 4,200-mile stretch of coast from southern Brazil to northern Argentina. Existing laws are not solving the problem, said University of Washington biologist Dee Boersma, co-author of a paper detailing how the oil pollution is affecting Magellanic penguins, appearing in the February edition of the Marine Pollution Bulletin, published by Elsevier.
The negative effects of oil on penguins could be a barometer for less-hardy species, she said.
"There are a lot of groups rehabilitating oiled birds, some for more than two decades, and that says that for more than 20 years there's been a big problem along this part of the South American coastline," Boersma said. "That's the prime wintering grounds for Magellanic penguins."
Unlike a major oil spill that causes problems for a time and can be cleaned up, chronic oil pollution is continuous and hard to track or clean up because it comes bit by bit, sometimes in ballast water from passing ships, sometimes in seepage from offshore oil rigs.
To gauge the scope of the problem, Boersma and fellow Wildlife Conservation Society scientist Pablo García-Borboroglu of the Argentine research center Centro Nacional Patagónico assembled a team to see how many organized groups are working to save oiled seabirds along the coast from central Argentina to central Brazil. The scientists found there were 19 groups dedicated to rehabilitating oiled seabirds, three that survey beaches looking for oiled birds and four groups that do both.
Boersma said the research team expected to find only four or five groups dealing with oiled birds and was surprised to encounter so many. The groups are not evenly distributed along the coast but are clustered near ports, oil terminals and offshore oil-drilling platforms.
The scientists found that the most commonly treated living birds were Magellanic penguins, which made up nearly 64 percent of the seabirds rehabilitated by the groups from 1995 to 2005. Live oiled penguins were most common in northern Argentina and less common farther north, along the coasts of Uruguay and Brazil. That finding correlates with Argentina's oil exportation, which grew rapidly in the 1990s.
But while oil pumping and loading take place only at specific places in northern Argentine waters, oiled penguins are found all along that coastline, leading researchers to wonder how the birds became oiled in areas where there is not petroleum activity.
Previous research estimated that 40,000 Magellanic penguins were killed by chronic oil pollution off the coast of Chubut Province in Argentina each year from 1982 to 1991. In 1994, oil tanker shipping lanes were moved 60 miles farther off the coast and few penguins are now found dead from petroleum along that coast.
But oil remains an issue because, as Boersma noted, Magellanic penguins can swim 60 miles a day and on foraging trips during breeding season they can swim hundreds of miles without coming ashore. Their physical condition can deteriorate quickly if they run afoul of oil in the water. She likened a healthy penguin that gets lightly oiled to a diver in a wet suit with just a few holes – there's not much difficulty and the swimmer can keep going. But heavy oil ruins the bird's insulation, like a wet suit with lots of holes, and the swimmer wants to get out of the water immediately.
"We know when penguins get heavily oiled they tend to seek the shore because that's their thermal neutral zone," Boersma said. "But when they are on shore they can't feed and so they starve to death."
Magellanic penguins are hardy creatures that can survive for as long as a month without food during courtship and egg incubation. But among long-lived seabirds such as penguins, which reach maturity late and lay small numbers of eggs, even a small decrease in adult survival can cause overall populations to decline. Northern Argentina had more oiled penguins than other areas studied, and that also was where the largest concentration of adult birds was found, which suggests that chronic oil pollution there could be reducing the adult population, Boersma said.
In addition, even a small amount of oil reduces penguins' reproductive success. Female penguins lay two eggs per breeding season and the male and female take turns sitting on the nest while the other goes to sea foraging for small fish. A penguin that becomes oiled might not be in any condition to return to the nesting grounds to change places with its partner. The remaining adult could be forced to abandon the nest to find food.
Because the sources of chronic oil pollution are not obvious, Boersma said, the birds could be getting oiled as far as 900 miles away from their nesting grounds along the Argentine coast.
"It's been going on for decades and it's having a long-term negative effect on wildlife," Boersma said. "Penguins can live a long time with oil, but that's not true of most seabirds. Our findings appear to be just the tip of the iceberg."
Other authors are Valeria Ruoppolo and Rudolfo Pinho da Silva of the International Fund for Animal Welfare Emergency Relief Team, Laura Reyes of Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia in Argentina, Ginger Rebstock of the UW, Karen Griot of Fundación Mar del Plata Aquarium in Argentina, Sergio Rodrigues Heredia of Fundación Mundo Marino in Argentina, and Andrea Corrado Adornes of Centro de Recuperacão de Animais Marinhos in Brazil.
Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of UnderwaterTimes.com, its staff or its advertisers.


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Do not be deceived by the looks of this Jaguar XJ prototype. Like every XJ since the middle ages, it has whimsically droopy styling, but according to NextAutos, that old skin will soon be shed. They say the next XJ will combine an Aston Martin Rapide-like profile with front-end cues from the current Jaguar XF — though expect a proper boot in the rear as opposed to the Rapide's hatchback. If all that isn't enough to bring the old cat leaping back into relevance, the XJ may also be going green. D-Type LeMans racers may be the first things that come to mind when you mention a green Jag, but rumor has it that a hybrid drivetrain is being considered for the next supercharged V8 XJR model, allowing it to appeal to a different sort of green-minded buyer. The rest of the range would consist of V6, V8 and turbocharged diesel engines. [NextAutos]
More from Jalopnik
The Stevenson
Dentists worldwide will be awaiting its debut with much anticipation.

subset: commoncrawl


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It's no secret your morning fix can make all the difference to the start of a busy work day - but researchers claim caffeine can also help you process "happy" words with better speed and accuracy.
A study published yesterday has proven for the first time that drinking two to three cups of coffee half an hour before a task could improve your brain's ability to process positive emotional words, such as "happy" or "funny".
But the same boost was not seen when processing neutral words, such as "table" or "wall", or words that had negative associations.
The researchers from Ruhr University in Germany put the difference down to caffeine's strong effects on dopamine - the chemical closely linked with mood, pleasure and reward - which affects the language-dominant regions of the brain.
The study surveyed 66 people aged between 19 and 32 who were shown a list of positive and negative or neutral words after being given caffeine or a placebo.
Earlier research had shown caffeine boosted activity in the central nervous system, and normal doses of caffeine could lift performance on simple cognitive tasks and behavioural responses.
Scientists had also established how certain memories are enhanced when strong positive or negative emotions are associated with objects, but the link between caffeine consumption and these emotional biases was not known.
Much of the performance enhancement that comes from ingesting caffeine is attributed to another neurotransmitter, adenosine, which reduces neural activity but is counteracted by caffeine.
"Most of those effects on speed, vigilance, processing time, alertness ... we think are propagated through the adenosine blockage," said Dr Nicholas Gant, director of Auckland University's Exercise Metabolism Laboratory. "But the dopamine is probably more involved in the emotional side of things, and that's where they have tried to tease that out in this study.
"These sorts of things have been published before, but they have tried this experimental design where they altered the sides of the brain and everything else to show that it was most likely to be language processing, and it was most likely to be dopamine, that had an effect through the emotional significance of the words, rather than just the speed at which you [process them]."
The study
After being given either caffeine or a placebo, 66 participants aged between 19 and 32 reported their reaction to seeing the positive/emotional or negative or neutral words shown to them.
Those who took a 200mg caffeine tablet were able to process the positive words faster and more accurately.
This effect is claimed to be due to caffeine's dopaminergic effects in the language-dominant regions of the brain.
Perks of caffeine
Too much caffeine can trouble us: addiction sleep disruption, high blood pressure. But ...
A 2008 study found long-term coffee drinking did not appear to increase a person's risk of early death and could even cut the chances of dying from heart disease.
A US study found that cyclists who took caffeine reported less muscle pain.
A major US health study in 2009 found drinking coffee may cut the risk of developing aggressive prostate cancer. Scientists recorded the coffee consumption of almost 50,000 men, and those who drank the most were found to have a 60 per cent lower risk than those who abstained.


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Social Activities:
First and foremost, the CFI of Indiana provides support, events, and activities for the nonreligious community in our area.
Educational Outreach:
We strive to promote reason, fact-based analysis, ethical alternatives to religion, and discussion of social or public policy issues. Discussion groups within our community, formal public events, and networking with audiences outside of our community are just a few of the ways we achieve these goals.
Activism & Collaboration:
Many of our community members are active in promoting and defending the secular humanist outlook. We also gladly collaborate with anyone who promotes and defends reason, democracy, and freedom of inquiry in Indiana.
CFI Indiana is open most days 10:00 am to nightfall. Stop by and visit, but first call 317-423-0710 to make sure that we are open.


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Movies are a visual medium: They rely on the force of images and stories. But the language that conveys those stories seldom ranks among the most important elements of a film. "There are certain tools you use," according to the great director Martin Scorsese, "and those tools become part of a vocabulary that is just as valid as the vocabulary that is used in literature." Scorsese is a proponent of "visual literacy," meaning that the style in which a director and a cinematographer shoot a movie is just as critical as the style in which an author writes a novel. That being the case, what happens when a novel that revolves around language becomes a lavish motion picture?
For an answer, watch Cloud Atlas. Released this fall to mixed reviews and disappointing box-office returns, it's a brave effort to transform a major novel into a major film. Even though the result lasts for more than 160 minutes, large chunks of the original plot had to be simplified or eliminated. That's inevitable: David Mitchell's novel needed all of its 544 pages to tell a hugely complex set of stories set in six time periods ranging from the 19th century to the distant future. Overall, the choices made by the movie's writers and directors, Tom Tykwer and the Wachowski siblings, are not just defensible but smart.
They're not miracle workers, though. And where the film falls desperately short of the novel's power is in the two sections set in the future. The main reason involves language.
Those sections aren't easy to read. One of them takes place in a Korea of the 22nd century that mixes capitalist extravagance with totalitarian control. The main character, Sonmi-451, is a rebel clone or "fabricant:" a piece of organic machinery grown in a "wombtank" and given human form, thereby becoming a synthetic slave. In both the book and the movie, her revolt against tyranny is central to Cloud Atlas's interlocking themes of freedom and betrayal. But in the novel, Sonmi-451 says things like this: "The amnesiacs in my Soapsac were reduced … and ascension catalysts instreamed." In the fast-food restaurant where she works, fabricants "input orders, tray food, vend drinks, upstock condiments." Humans in her society breathe oxygen provided by AirCorp and engage in sex provided by PimpCorp. Degradation is embodied in words.
Little of Mitchell's brilliant distortion of language comes through in the film. The script manipulates everyday speech just enough to make the futuristic story plausible ("If you wanted I could digi it"). But whereas a reader of the novel is constantly forced to think about words — prostitutes, for example, are "comforters," an echo of how the Japanese military used Koreans as "comfort women" in the Second World War — viewers of the movie have no time for this. The action rushes by so fast, it's impossible to dwell on language.
Even harder to convey on film is the rhetoric of the novel's central section, set on a tropical island long after an apocalypse has poisoned the planet and wiped out most of the human race. The narrator, Zach'ry, says things like: "Snailysome goin' was them rockfields, yay, jus'brush that rock light an' your fingers'd bleed fast and wetly ... Fiercesome he speaked at me." The fallen language challenges a reader just as the rough conditions of daily life challenge Zach'ry. To their credit, the filmmakers make an effort to replicate this discomfort for their startled audience. In the movie's opening scene, Zach'ry says "more times'n I'm comfy mem'ryn" and "lemme yarn you 'bout the first time we met." But the result comes across as a kind of strange regional dialect. What's missing is Mitchell's sense of a warped, truncated language that mirrors the struggles of Zach'ry's tribe. They don't know what hit their ancestors, and their words as well as their deeds are maimed.
The movie version of Cloud Atlas does some things tremendously well. It finds compelling images for the disturbing future. What it can't do is capture more than a rare hint of the meanings of language in the novel. In the way his stories move — "progress" would be entirely the wrong word — from century to century, Mitchell shows that the way we speak encapsulates who we are. Language can be destiny.


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bronchitis statistics uk - What You Should Know About Antibiotics For Bronchitis
What You Should Know About Antibiotics For Bronchitis
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the part of the respiratory system that leads into the lungs. Basically there are two types of bronchitis, acute and chronic
Acute bronchitis
is a short term illness that becomes more common during cold weather. It is usually followed by viral infection and can be associated with bacterial infections. Acute bronchitis usually clears itself within 2 weeks, but the cough may continue. And in some cases of acute
it can develop into pneumonia.
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5. A low to mid grade fever And a general feeling of "yuckyness." Most acute
is usually caused by a viral infection and can be spread through person-to-person contact either directly or indirectly. This means that if you are a caregiver of someone who has bronchitis, you are at risk of contracting the illness yourself.
"Side Effects"
It is a mild laxative and great for cough syrups. Don't take if you have blood pressure problems.
To see the herbal formulas that are used for this, or for a database of Natural Medicine, or to request your own report on the treatment of your health issue check out http://NaturalHealthDocs.com by clicking here: Bronchitis remedies It's All Free.
About the Author:
Abigail Franks writes on a variety of subjects which include home, family, business, and health.
Because of their expanded antimicrobial spectrum, third-generation fluoroquinolones are useful in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, acute sinusitis and acute exacerbations of chronic
, which are their primary FDA-labeled indications. The third-generation fluoroquinolones include levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin.
Gastrointestinal effects. The most common adverse events experienced with fluoroquinolone administration are gastrointestinal (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain), which occur in 1 to 5% of patients. CNS effects. Headache, dizziness, and drowsiness have been reported with all fluoroquinolones. Insomnia was reported in 3-7% of patients with ofloxacin. Severe CNS effects, including seizures, have been reported in patients receiving trovafloxacin. Seizures may develop within 3 to 4 days of therapy but resolve with drug discontinuation. Although seizures are infrequent, fluoroquinolones should be avoided in patients with a history of convulsion, cerebral trauma, or anoxia. No seizures have been reported with levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin. With the older non-fluorinated quinolones neurotoxic symptoms such as dizziness occurred in about 50% of the patients. Phototoxicity. Exposure to ultraviolet A rays from direct or indirect sunlight should be avoided during treatment and several days (5 days with sparfloxacin) after the use of the drug. The degree of phototoxic potential of fluoroquinolones is as follows: lomefloxacin > sparfloxacin > ciprofloxacin > norfloxacin = ofloxacin = levofloxacin = gatifloxacin = moxifloxacin. Musculoskeletal effects. Concern about the development of musculoskeletal effects, evident in animal studies, has led to the contraindication of fluoroquinolones for routine use in children and in women who are pregnant or lactating. Tendon damage (tendinitis and tendon rupture). Although fluoroquinolone-related tendinitis generally resolves within one week of discontinuation of therapy, spontaneous ruptures have been reported as long as nine months after cessation of fluoroquinolone use. Potential risk factors for tendinopathy include age >50 years, male gender, and concomitant use of corticosteroids. Hepatoxicity. Trovafloxacin use has been associated with rare liver damage, which prompted the withdrawal of the oral preparations from the U.S. market. However, the IV preparation is still available for treatment of infections so serious that the benefits outweigh the risks. Cardiovascular effects. The newer quinolones have been found to produce additional toxicities to the heart that were not found with the older compounds. Evidence suggests that sparfloxacin and grepafloxacin may have the most cardiotoxic potential. Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia. Recently, rare cases of hypoglycemia have been reported with gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin in patients also receiving oral diabetic medications, primarily sulfonylureas. Although hypoglycemia has been reported with other fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), the effects have been mild. Hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity reactions occur only occasionally during quinolone therapy and are generally mild to moderate in severity, and usually resolve after treatment is stopped.
Side effects The fluoroquinolones as a class are generally well tolerated. Most adverse effects are mild in severity, self-limited, and rarely result in treatment discontinuation. However, they can have serious adverse effects.
At work, be sure to use care in common areas like break and meeting rooms along with the restroom. It's no secret that many people simply do not wash their hands after using the restroom. This is especially poor hygiene when you consider the number of people with potential illnesses that also use common areas.
Classification of Fluoroquinolones As a group, the fluoroquinolones have excellent in vitro activity against a wide range of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The newest fluoroquinolones have enhanced activity against gram-positive bacteria with only a minimal decrease in activity against gram-negative bacteria. Their expanded gram-positive activity is especially important because it includes significant activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Antibiotics for
are prescribed by doctors, but in many cases the condition does not benefit from antibiotics. Antibiotics will not cure a viral illness because acute
is usually caused by viruses most doctors do not prescribe antibiotics. Their effectiveness with acute bronchitis is so small compared to the side-effects that these antibiotics may bring. Most common side effects are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, sore mouth, skin rashes, headache, sunburn easily and vaginal yeast infection. Experts in in the field of infectious disease have been warning for years that overuse of antibiotics is allowing many bacteria to become resistant to the antibiotics available.
First Generation. The first-generation agents include cinoxacin and nalidixic acid, which are the oldest and least often used quinolones. These drugs had poor systemic distribution and limited activity and were used primarily for gram-negative urinary tract infections. Cinoxacin and nalidixic acid require more frequent dosing than the newer quinolones, and they are more susceptible to the development of bacterial resistance.
The fluoroquinolones are a relatively new group of antibiotics. Fluoroquinolones were first introduced in 1986, but they are really modified quinolones, a class of antibiotics, whose accidental discovery occurred in the early 1960.
When taking antibiotics you should also be aware of the adverse effects they may bring to your body. Precautionary measures are also important when taking antibiotics for bronchitis and these include, consulting your doctor of the severity of bronchitis before beginning antibiotics and taking the antibiotics as prescribed, do not stop or miss doses. Consulting your Obstetrician or gynecologist is also important if you are pregnant.
The newer fluoroquinolones have a wider clinical use and a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some of the newer fluoroquinolones have an important role in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections.
Second-generation agents include ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is the most potent fluoroquinolone against P. aeruginosa. Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin are the most widely used second-generation quinolones because of their availability in oral and intravenous formulations and their broad set of FDA-labeled indications.
Medicinal Herbs: Sage: Used for bronchitis and al kinds of lung trouble and throat sicknesses. "Side Effects" It's a good remedy for many health problems. It could almost be called a "cure-all." It's good for colds, influenza, asthma, coughs. It soothes nerves, help liver and kidneys, and helps most all stomach problems.
The cough is often worse when the patient lies down and there is usually a bad coughing spell the first thing on waking in the morning. At first there may be a little mucus, but after several days it increases and turns to yellow pus, sometimes becoming frothy. Children sometimes have convulsions and become unconscious.
It cleanses the blood and can be used healing most everything as it boosts the immune system. Licorice: Used for lung and throat problems.
, coughs and congestion, ect. It has been shown to support antiviral activity, support the stress response, as well as inflammatory response
Some experts advise not to take antibiotics for acute bronchitis especially when you do not have other medical problems. It will not only save you from potential side-effects but also from unnecessary expenses.
5. Avoid smoking and smoke whenever possible. There are many chemicals, fumes and particle dust that can irritate and compromise bronchial passages. None more so however than smoking. If you have someone suffering from acute
, try to keep them away from any smoking environment. They simply don't need the extra stress on an already infected pulmonary system
Bronchitis would be uncommon if people ate the right food, kept their systems free from mucus and poisonous waste material, and dressed properly. Bronchitis is an infection by a virus or bacteria that affects the mucous membrane lining of the bronchial tubes, causing a large amount of mucous to form, which is called phlegm. It may start as a cold or as influenza and then, because of inadequate treatment, extend down the air passages into the lungs.
Natural Bronchitis Remedy
What People Said About
Bronovil Bronchitis Treatment
I felt miserable so i went to doctor and he said i had a bronchitis. he gave me antibiotic but even 2 weeks later i was still coughing. i got the bronovil remedy and 3 days later my cough went away.
" Betty - California
All of the fluoroquinolones are effective in treating urinary tract infections caused by susceptible organisms. They are the first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in patients who cannot tolerate sulfonamides or TMP, who live in geographic areas with known resistance > 10% to 20% to TMP-SMX, or who have risk factors for such resistance.
The fluoroquinolones are a family of synthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents with bactericidal activity. The parent of the group is nalidixic acid, discovered in 1962 by Lescher and colleagues. The first fluoroquinolones were widely used because they were the only orally administered agents available for the treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas species.
Fluoroquinolones are approved for use only in people older than 18. They can affect the growth of bones, teeth, and cartilage in a child or fetus. The FDA has assigned fluoroquinolones to pregnancy risk category C, indicating that these drugs have the potential to cause teratogenic or embryocidal effects. Giving fluoroquinolones during pregnancy is not recommended unless the benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus. These agents are also excreted in breast milk and should be avoided during breast-feeding if at all possible.
There are two basic categories of
. Acute bronchitis is typically associated with colds and flu like symptoms. While chronic
may last months or even years, the acute variety typically is limited in duration to no more than a week or two.
Discover more about
antibiotics and especially about
bronchitis treatment
. You will find excellent information to assist you in understanding bronchitis at http://bronchitis.besthealthguide.org
Doctors often prescribe antibiotics because they feel pressured by people's expectations to receive them. This expectation has been fueled by both misinformation in the media and marketing by drug companies. There are some antibiotics which are known for treating both acute and chronic
but also prescribed for other medical illness. Ampicillin is used for the treatment of infections that result from acute bronchitis. Trimethoprim is an antibiotic used for infections in the respiratory tract. Azithromycin and Amoxicilluin are considered effective treatment for bacterial infections causing bronchitis. Telithromycin is a drug used for mild to moderate infections in the respiratory system.
Second Generation. The second-generation fluoroquinolones have increased gram-negative activity, as well as some gram-positive and atypical pathogen coverage. Compared with first-generation quinolones, these drugs have broader clinical applications in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis, sexually transmitted diseases, selected pneumonias and skin infections.
First, The Cause: Changeable weather, catching cold, exposure, wet feet, chilling when not sufficiently clothed, insufficient ventilation in the house, especially in the bedrooms.
The Symptoms: Chills and fever, tightness and stuffiness in the chest, difficulty breathing. Sometimes there is a sever cough and the attack comes on like croup. In most cases it is the larger bronchial tubes that are affected.
3. Limit exposure to sick people When someone becomes ill in our house, we work to isolate them to minimize infecting the rest of the family. This includes assigning them their own drinking glass along with keeping them in limited areas of the house. Although not perfect, our sick person ritual has kept the other children from also becoming ill.
4. Cover your mouth. Teach anyone that gets ill to cover their mouths when they cough to limit transmission of the illness. Once again, this is not perfect solution that can help to contain an influenza virus that may result in
Third Generation. The third-generation fluoroquinolones are separated into a third class because of their expanded activity against gram-positive organisms, particularly penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, and atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae. Although the third-generation agents retain broad gram-negative coverage, they are less active than ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas species.
Because of concern about hepatotoxicity, trovafloxacin therapy should be reserved for life- or limb-threatening infections requiring inpatient treatment (hospital or long-term care facility), and the drug should be taken for no longer than 14 days.
2. Get a flu shot. Acute
can begin with an illness caused by a common influenza virus. Getting an annual vaccination can help protect you from influenza (the flu) and bronchitis.
Urinary tract infections (norfloxacin, lomefloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin) Lower respiratory tract infections (lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin) Skin and skin-structure infections (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin) Urethral and cervical gonococcal infections (norfloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin) Prostatitis (norfloxacin, ofloxacin, trovafloxacin) Acute sinusitis (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin (Avelox), trovafloxacin) Acute exacerbations of chronic
(levofloxacin, sparfloxacin (Zagam), gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin) Community-acquired pneumonia (levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin)
Fourth Generation. The fourth-generation fluoroquinolones add significant antimicrobial activity against anaerobes while maintaining the gram-positive and gram-negative activity of the third-generation drugs. They also retain activity against Pseudomonas species comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. The fourth-generation fluoroquinolones include trovafloxacin (Trovan).
Echinacea: Strengthen the immune system and to help the body promote the overall health of the upper respiratory tract. Also relieves sore throat "Side Effects"
Proper medication is important in curing an illness, but it is also essential to use a reliable source of these medications, like your trusted physician. Antibiotics are medications that slow or stop the growth of bacteria. Prescriptions of antibiotics depends on what kind of infections causes your illness, like in the case of bronchitis there are specific antibiotics for this condition depending on the severity and status of the illness.
The good news is that there are several ways that a healthy person can limit the potential of getting ill. These include: 1. Wash your hands.
The symptoms of
acute bronchitis
include: 1. Tightness in the chest area 2. Usually a sore throat 3. Congestion 4. Wheezing and difficulty breathing
The increase and improper used of antibiotics may also lead to antibiotic resistance in which the bacteria may mutate in ways so they will be able to survive in spite of medications; that means the antibiotics may not work on the next time that it is used. And since most antibiotics are expensive, costs may not be worth the benefits. Acute
usually clears up on its own in two to three weeks just by drinking lots of fluids and getting enough rest.
Fluoroquinolones advantages: Ease of administration Daily or twice daily dosing Excellent oral absorption Excellent tissue penetration Prolonged half-lives Significant entry into phagocytic cells Efficacy Overall safety
Conditions treated with Fluoroquinolones: indications and uses The newer fluoroquinolones have a wider clinical use and a broader spectrum of antibacterial activity including gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Some of the newer fluoroquinolones have an important role in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections. The serum elimination half-life of the fluoroquinolones range from 3 -20 hours, allowing for once or twice daily dosing.
Fluoroquinolones disadvantages: Tendonitis or tendon rupture Multiple drug interactions Not used in children Newer quinolones produce additional toxicities to the heart that were not found with the older agents
You can significantly reduce the risk of catching many common illnesses, including bronchitis through careful handwashing or use of hand sanitizers. This is especially true if you're working as a caregiver or mom.
Yury Bayarski is the author of OriginalDrugs.com - website, offering patches and natural health products. More information about antibiotic medications is available on author's website.
Learn More about Natural Bronchitis Remedy
Acute Bronchitis - All You Need To Know
The respiratory system is very sensitive and at risk of developing many diseases. Acute bronchitis is one of the problems you might have. The bronchial tubes get infected in acute bronchitis. This tubes carry the air into your lungs. When you get acute bronchitis, the infected airways also swell and mucus is build inside them. All these conditions in acute bronchitis make it very hard for you to...
How to Recognize Bronchitis Symptoms
Bronchitis is a very common respiratory condition and it can be occur in anyone, regardless of sex and age. However, the people who are exposed the most to developing forms of bronchitis are smokers, people with other respiratory illnesses or people with weak immunes system. Smokers usually develop chronic bronchitis, a form of disease that needs ongoing treatment. The main factors that are...
Oral Corticosteroids for COPD
COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a group of diseases that consist of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthmatic bronchitis. Oral corticosteroids tend to work best against COPD with an asthmatic component. Oral corticosteroid is a sufferer of COPD. Oral corticosteroids reduce irritation, swelling and mucus production. A physician may initiate a short trial in patients to...
Epimedium or Horny Goat Weed - The Herbal Aphrodisiac
Horny Goat Weed also known as Epimedium, Yin Yang Huo, Inyokaku, Xian ling pi, Barrenwort, a medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, increases blood flow, dilates blood vessels, and fights against infections too. These effects can be useful for those who are suffering from heart problems or bronchitis but the plant helps sexual functions too, according to its properties. Although we...
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Given the choice of choosing something that is known versus unknown, people tend to avoid the mystery item and go with the known.
Case in point: We had our annual neighborhood Halloween party and a few of us provided food (hot dogs and chili) and snacks. My wife cooked a very tasty chili, but it was quite spicy so I wanted to let people who had sensitive palates know that. I made a very simple sign that read "Spicy Chili (beef and bean)." I also included the two primary ingredients in case we had Texas purists at the party who insist real chili has no beans in it.
I like beans in my chili. Screw the rules. I was raised in Buffalo, New York anyway, so I don't get hung up on that "Real Texan" crap. But I digress, let's get back to the anecdote.
There were three slow cookers on the table containing chili and ours was the only one with the paper sign sticking out from under it stating what it was. Now all of these had glass tops and all were right next to each other. There was no doubt that each contained chili and none was harder to dig into than the others, but an hour later, one was nearly empty—ours.
The chili to the left was partially eaten and the one to the right barely touched, but our chili in the middle was down to the Crock in the Pot. Instead of scaring people off with the "spicy" alert, my sign gave them a feeling of confidence that they were going to get chili with beef and beans in it and a bit of a kick.
Obviously the beans didn't scare people off, which means there are plenty of fake Texans in our neighborhood as well.
My experience tells me that this goes for most things in life—including the products or services sold by software companies. Given the choice of buying software that is a mystery or one that the website makes obvious what it contains, people choose the known most every time. That's why many of us tend to frequent the same restaurants or watch movies we've seen before. It's safer going with what we know.
So look at your website and advertising to make sure you're being clear about what it is people are purchasing. Warning people that your software is very spicy and has beans might just be what makes them click the "Buy Now" button.


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Interviewed: A tale of two bookers
In an effort to shed some light on the mysterious underworld of booking (haven't you ever wondered how those bands get from the farm– er, basement– to your plate– er, sight?) the Hook asked two members of this small group some getting-to -know-you type questions.
Venue: Tokyo Rose
Name: Mike Parisi
What type of music do you book?
Indie rock, though that says less about the bands' sounds than the economics involved: Relatively obscure bands on independent labels (or no label at all) usually aren't at the level where they support themselves solely through their music. Many local bands as well. Technically we don't book punk bands anymore (or goth or hip-hop) because of problems the venue had with a small portion of those types of bands' audience, but I myself have yet to decline having a band strictly because of its genre.
Sum up music at your venue in a word.
Uh, I just did this in the first question using a lot of words. Asparagus.
This is a large college town. Why don't we get many national touring acts in nowadays? (Many kids go to DC to see groups.)
Is Charlottesville as big, either population- or geographics-wise, as Athens (238th in the nation)? Chapel Hill (61st)? At 45,049, Charlottesville isn't among the top 600, and Richmond is 93rd.
We DO get nationally-touring acts here, at least from my indie rock perspective. Unfortunately, there are few bands around like Superchunk to play the Rose– popular enough to draw a sell-out, small enough to justify a cover charge as small as we charge.
Do you stick to local acts or try for national ones? What's the deciding factor in getting bigger name bands?
We book local and national acts, though "regional" more often applies– bands based on the East Coast, or at least East of the Mississippi. In any situation, the criteria are Will this band draw people? Are there enough people in town who already know this band and who are willing to pay to see them? Will the club be able to bring in enough money to make it worth the band's while to play here (or pay their guaranteed fee)?
Is this band good? comes in last, at least as far as my own taste is concerned. I've learned to put bands that I think are great lower on the bill, in a position to benefit from the draw of a more well-known band.
What type of music do you listen to?
Favorites: Nirvana, the Jam, the Smiths, Blur, Fugazi, Black Lipstick, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, the Rapture, Led Zeppelin, Pretty Girls Make Graves, Joy Division
Lately: early Tom Petty, Danger Mouse, Jay-Z, the Darkness, Sluts of Trust, Joanna Newsome, PJ Harvey, Roxy Music, Usher, Kanye West
What type of music do you despise?
Despise is strong word. There's lots of boring music out there. I don't have time for most contemporary country music. Hating music is hard, because somebody (often lots of somebodies) loves any given act, and it's hard to begrudge someone their pleasure in that if it makes them happy.
Do you get paid?
Why is it so hard for new acts to break into the venue scene around here?
It's hard for me to see the point of this question if you don't name names. It might seem hard to a given band, as it probably should be. Like the nation as a whole, or any town anywhere, in any era, there's lots of bad music here. A band could be good, or good for a certain venue, but not for ours.
Is the power you wield corrupting you?
Venue: Rapunzel's Coffee and Books
Name: Sally Taylor
What type of music do you book?
Any music that can be played acoustically.
Sum up the music at your venue in a word.
Living room
This is a large college town– why don't we get many touring national acts in nowadays?
Too many contract obligations with the recording companies. Promo, production, and other managers, booking agents, and the major venues that book them– by the time everyone gets their piece of the pie, it takes a football stadium to pay the band.
Do you stick to local acts or try for national ones? What's the deciding factor in getting big name bands?
I book both– that's why we don't book too far in advance. We like to leave room for touring groups to fit into the schedule as they pass through the area. If you haven't been lucky enough to enjoy the performance of a musical giant in a small bar/coffeehouse, then you've at least heard the stories. In these small venues (like Rapunzel's, where the seating is limited) these shows are not publicized.
What type of music do you listen to?
Just both types– the good music that's really bad, and the bad music that's actually good– but you have to know how to listen.
What type of music do you despise?
Out of tune and off key– especially both at the same time... all the time... every song... this guy sent me this demo... his name was Bob Dylan.
Do you get paid?
If I do the booking, they let me run the sound.
Why is it so hard for new acts to break into the venue scene around here?
That could be just a C'ville thing. Rapunzel's has staged 15 new acts since January 2004. But I think audiences come to see people they know, and few will brave new waters.
Do you ever feel the power you wield is corrupting you?
Did you say I have power? And that– at 54– I'm not corrupted yet? Gee...
Mike Parisi
Sally Taylor


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If you have a health issue that you feel may be urgent, please call us for an appointment. Even if your regular provider isn't available, someone else on our team is happy to meet with you.
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Colorado Rapids head coach Oscar Pareja has not hesitated in giving young players an opportunity. And with key pieces unavailable, he looks likely to lean on more youth against the Portland Timbers at Dick's Sporting Goods Park on Saturday (4:00 p.m. MT, TICKETS).
In the first four matches Pareja started a pair of 22-year-old rookie draft picks in Deshorn Brown and Dillon Powers. He complimented that youth with a defensive foundation based on veteran experience. But after starting the same back four in the first four matches, the foundation has been rattled and will look much different on Saturday.
- Goalkeeper Matt Pickens is out three or four months with a broken arm.
- Pablo Mastroeni is nursing the quad he injured early in the Los Angeles Galaxy game last week and will not play on Saturday.
- Defender Diego Calderon slid into the goalpost while clearing a ball off the line in the Galaxy game, and he'll be out for four to five months.
- Drew Moor was ejected from the Galaxy game and will be out for the next two games (Timbers and Real Salt Lake).
A confident Pareja said after Friday's practice that he has no problem giving the next player in line his chance.
"We have a roster that we put together and weekly we decide on the guys who are looking good for the starting lineup," Pareja explained. "But the other players are always working hard and waiting for that opportunity, opportunities that can come because another player may not be performing well, or due to an injury."
Rookie goalkeeper Clint Irwin, 23, has taken his opportunity and performed well in the absence of Pickens. Chris Klute, 23, came on for Calderon last week - causing a shift throughout the backline - and looked solid at left back. Shane O'Neill, 19, was converted from the midfield to the backline and also made his 2013 debut last week, coming on at center back after Moor's ejection.
It's possible that Klute and O'Neill will get the nod in place of Calderon and Moor in front of Irwin against the Timbers. Veterans Brian Mullan and Marvell Wynne trained fully all week and should also be available, though their versatility gives Pareja options as to where they line up.
"You need to find the right chemistry and balance," Pareja said of the integration of youth and experienced players. "Sometimes you are building one way, and then the game forces you to change. You plan it one way, but the game gives you different challenges that you have to solve."
Pareja believes in his players - regardless of age or experience - which is why he doesn't intend to stray from his original plan of possession-based, attacking soccer.
"We have the same concepts," Pareja said of the approach to Portland. "But sometimes you need to tweak the formation here and there because the game forces you to do it. You have consistency with the ideas and principles that we have as a team."
Shea tried out for the Colorado Rapids in 1995 and, after failing to make a team, wrote a 1,000-word description of his unsuccessful tryout. He then proceeded to cover the Rapids for 15 years for various websites and local media outlets, up to and including the club's MLS championship in 2010. In between, he dared to try out again in 2002 and 2006. Send comments and feedback to Shea at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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You're Origen!
You do nothing by half-measures. If you're going to read the Bible, you want to read it in the original languages. If you're going to teach, you're going to reach as many souls as possible, through a proliferation of lectures and books. If you're a guy and you're going to fight for purity … well, you'd better hide the kitchen shears.
Find out which Church Father you are at The Way of the Fathers!
Random/Theological Notebook: Fathers of the Church Meme
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Funds added to your wallet cannot be refunded to your credit or debit card in line with the PlayStation Store Cancellation Policy.
If other people can access Account Management or PlayStation Store through your master account on any device they may be able to use your payment methods to top up the wallet attached to it.
If you think that your account is not secure, or if someone else has your PlayStation system for any reason (for example you have sent it away for service or it has been stolen), we recommend deleting your payment details and changing your account password.
Payment details are attached to the account, not the device, so removing them on one device will remove them from your account on all devices.


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What the Hell Was This?
Can you say "ass whupping?" We knew you could.
And this is supposed to do what for the Bears during a playoff run?
Sarcasm and Silliness from a Windy City Cop
Jeffrey Populorum, 46, was driving a 1999 Chevrolet Silverado pickup truck on the 4500 block of West George Street about 6:30 p.m. Thursday when he ran a stop sign, said Grand Central District Sgt. Rich Sliva.
Officers pulled him over and saw and smelled marijuana in the truck, Sliva said.
"There hasn't been a more loyal group to President Stroger than the labor community," said Dennis Gannon of the Chicago Federation of Labor. "I'm very concerned about this budget being balanced on the backs of hard-working men and women."
In a challenge to Stroger, the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees -- the biggest union of county workers -- met with him last week and argued that cuts alone aren't enough. The union proposed that the county raise taxes -- something Stroger has said he won't do.
Police did not know what triggered the fight.
It was one of a rash of fights at movie theaters across the state last night.
Chicago Police say three fights erupted at city movie theaters within minutes of each other.
The theaters were on the city's west and southwest sides.
As of Thursday, there were 452 murders in Chicago, up three from last year's total of 449, according to unofficial numbers from the Police Department. The increase reverses a four-year decline.
A long time friend and political ally of the Daleys is on the job as the Mayor's Deputy Planning Commissioner at $129,000 a year, even though he admittedly broke the law by fixing a hiring exam.
The mayor's advisors claim that he hasn't been fired because the Feds have advised the city not to penalize cooperating witnesses. But he had to be forced to cooperate and given a grant of immunity from the feds to give an honest testimony.
Bar owner Anna Marie Amato also pleaded guilty to a felony drug possession case in 2005 but under the special probation she received, she did not have a felony conviction entered on her record, allowing her to keep her liquor license, according to court records and a city spokeswoman.
The campaign turned in close to 5,000 voter signatures, she said, adding that she felt "compelled" to run after watching the recent political maneuvering by new Cook County Board President Todd Stroger and Stroger's mentor, former Ald. William Beavers -- whose daughter, Darcel A. Beavers, was recently appointed to the aldermanic seat Jackson hopes to win.
Of 665 respondents:
605 (90%) said "No"
60 (9%) said "Yes"
An acquaintance found Ted Dres, 48, inside the snake's cage Saturday and called police, the Hamilton County Sheriff's office said.
The snake was still strangling Dres when deputies arrived, and the officers had to work with members of an animal protection group to remove the reptile, the sheriff's office said.
One day last month, Lisko found a young buck with nub antlers -- and seven legs. Lisko said it also had both male and female reproductive organs.
''It was definitely a freak of nature,'' Lisko said. ''I guess it's a real rarity.''
He said he slowed down as the buck and two does ran across his driveway Nov. 22, but the buck ran under the truck and was hit.
When he looked at the animal, he noticed 3- to 4-inch appendages growing from the rear legs. Later, he found a smaller appendage growing from one of the front legs.
No matter how freaky, the deer was skinned and consumed.
''And by the way, I did eat it,'' Lisko said. ''It was tasty."
"We're trying to isolate what the cause of the illness might be," said Marion County Health Department spokesman John Althardt.
Roscoe Woods of the 8400 block of South Kenton Avenue was charged with one count each of attempted murder and aggravated battery with a firearm, according to Cook County State's Attorney's office spokesman Andy Conklin. Both offenses are Class X felonies and carry penalties of six to 30 years in prison upon conviction, he said.
Griese has been receiving half of the reps in practice this week, the Chicago Sun-Times reported on its Web site, citing an unnamed player.
Don Svec, an employee of Berry Electric Contracting Co., was lost and using his BlackBerry's navigation device to try to find his destination, it emerged during interviews leading up to the trial in the case, said Tim Cavanagh, attorney for Dorothy Barnes, who was badly hurt in the crash.
Derrick Shareef, 22, targeted the Cherry Vale shopping mall, which has about 130 retail stores. But in recorded conversations he said the mall was "just one potential place," and that he hoped to one day "smoke a judge," according to the federal charges.
Should he die before the attack, Shareef made a videotape statement to explain his actions.
In deciding a case closely watched by free speech groups, the court said a federal law gives immunity from libel suits not only to Internet service providers, like AOL, but also to bloggers and other users of their services.
If the sergeant is demanding an apology, here it is - we're sorry you got caught doing stupid shit. We're sorry for depicting you dog sledding in Alaska and at the Southside Irish parade if in fact you attended neither. As to any of the other situations, we're afraid we don't owe you anything due to satire, freedom of speech, court decisions, etc.
By the way: have you apologized to the family of Joshua Woods? That's his family's car you can see in the background of your picture.


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WBUR News
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Mavs Beat Celtics, Spoil Terry's Return To Dallas
Dirk Nowitzki scored 22 points, Shawn Marion had a double-double in his return from a calf injury and the Mavericks spoiled Jason Terry's return to Dallas with a 104-94 victory over the Boston Celtics on Friday night.
Terry scored eight in his first game in Dallas since leaving for Boston in free agency. He was the latest key piece the Mavericks decided not to keep since beating Miami in the 2011 NBA finals.
Terry was known for 3-point shooting and clutch fourth quarters with the Mavericks, but he missed both 3-pointers for the game and was just 1 of 3 shooting without a try from long range in the final quarter.
Paul Pierce and Brandon Bass led Boston with 16 points apiece, and Bass added 11 rebounds.
The Mavericks kept their lead near the halftime margin of 11 until early in the fourth quarter, when Jordan Crawford hit a tough 3-pointer from the corner, then picked up a steal from Mike James near midcourt and made a reverse layup with Nowitzki in pursuit to pull Boston within six.
Brandan Wright led Dallas with a season-high 23 points and had a key strip on a drive by Jeff Green that led to a short jumper from Darren Collison for an 88-78 lead with 7:44 remaining.
The Celtics were within five in the final 2 minutes when Wright rebounded a miss from Vince Carter, and O.J. Mayo had all the time he needed to measure up a 3-pointer for a 100-92 lead while an injured Courtney Lee sat near him holding his left leg.
The Celtics were within six earlier in the fourth when Mayo hit a tough jumper with the shot clock expiring and Wright followed a miss with a dunk to push the lead to 10 again.
Marion, back after missing eight games with a left calf strain, had 11 points and 13 rebounds. Dallas went 5-3 without him but missed his defense, particularly in giving up 113 points in each of the last two games he was out. The Mavericks held the Celtics to 42 percent shooting and limited Pierce and Kevin Garnett to just 19 shots combined.
Marion had a rough start - his first shot was an airball on a wide-open 3-pointer - but he had seven rebounds in the first quarter and 10 before halftime.
The Celtics lost for the fifth time in seven games and slid closer to the No. 8 seed in the Eastern Conference, which would mean a likely first-round pairing with Miami. The Celtics have lost three straight, a skid that started with a loss to Miami when Boston let a 17-point lead slip away with a chance to end the Heat's winning streak at 22.
Carter closed the first half on a three-point play less than a second left, flipping the ball in off the backboard while being pulled down by Pierce after Nowitzki barely grazed the backboard on a fadeway shot. The play put Dallas up 55-44, and Carter joined Wright with 12 points apiece before halftime.
Nowitzki led Dallas with 14 in the first half, including a 3-pointer from a couple of feet behind the line late in the second quarter.
Terry struggled to get involved offensively in the first half, taking just two shots and finishing with four points. The Celtics shot just 37 percent in the first half but stayed close by making all 17 free throws. Brandon Bass, who led Boston with 10 first-half points, and Garnett were each 6 of 6 from the line. Garnett had eight first-half rebounds.
NOTES: Mavericks coach Rick Carlisle said G Rodrigue Beaubois was "probably" out for the season after surgery on a broken left hand, but wouldn't rule him out entirely. Beaubois was injured in Sunday's loss to Oklahoma City. ... Mayo is still Dallas' leading scorer, but he's been the top point man just twice in the past 20 games. He's been held to single digits three times this month. ... Green has 23 points combined in the two games since he scored a career-high 43 in Boston's loss to Miami. ... The Mavericks didn't trail in a game for the second time this season. The previous game was Jan. 14, a 113-98 win over Minnesota.
This program aired on March 23, 2013. The audio for this program is not available.
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The Cleveland Browns have traded quarterback Colt McCoy to the San Francisco 49ers.
The trade comes a week after the Browns signed veteran quarterback Jason Campbell to a two-year contract to compete with Brandon Weeden for the starting job.
In addition to McCoy the Browns traded their 6th round pick in this months draft (173rd overall pick) to the 49ers in exchange for San Francisco's 5th round pick (164th overall) and 7th round pick (227th overall). The Browns move up nine spots in the fifth round and now hold two choices in that round, one pick in the sixth and two picks in the seventh round.
The trade sends the Browns into the 2013 Draft with seven picks. It is the first draft under new owner Jimmy Haslam and his new front office team.
McCoy is headed into the final year of his rookie contract and will earn a base salary of $1.5 million, so there likely won't have to be any tinkering to his contract for him to serve as Colin Kaepernick's backup.
McCoy started 21 games for the Browns in his first two seasons after being drafted in the third round in 2010. He struggled as a full-time starter in 2011, as did the overall team on the way to a 4-9 record in games started by McCoy.
CLICK HERE to read story
article courtesy of Wkyc.com


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The Borough of Brentwood is a family-oriented community with a strong commitment to civic pride and traditions. Incorporated in 1916, Brentwood Borough is a mature municipality with a dense collection of attractive homes, a stable small business community, and an excellent transportation infrastructure.
Combining walkability and excellent transit service with adequate greenspace and parking, Brentwood affords residents easy access to both the cosmopolitan attractions of the city and the retail destinations of the suburbs.
The jewel of Brentwood Borough is its pristine public park. With its swimming pool, walking track, and numerous athletic fields, the park features excellent opportunities for serious exercise or a fun workout with friends. The Brentwood Park Initiative (BPI) is a nonprofit organization formed by civic-minded residents to continue enhancements to the park based on extensive citizen input.
Did You Know?
- Brentwood Arboretum was founded in 1997 by members of the community. It is located on the grounds of the Brentwood School District, the Brentwood Library, and the Brentwood Park, and the land is owned by each respective body. The collection of trees comprises extant and new specimens planted by the community, library, and school district.
- A former councilman of Brentwood, Bob Cranmer, served as an Allegheny County commissioner from 1996–2000. He was involved with several historic government initiatives and large civic development projects, both local and regional in scope.
- Brownsville Road follows the route of a pre-Columbian era Native American Indian trail and footpaths connecting Redstone Old Fort with the "Forks of the Ohio", a distance of 26 miles.
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Hi, I am trying to make a simple program which is meant to resemble a hospital patient database.
My aim is that when the user types in a patients name, I want it to type a couple of messages using methods which I have done successfully, for example "searching database". I want the program to then search an array for the patients name, if found, print the patients details/medical history onto the screen.
Here is a sample of what I have got so far, I have been watching tutorials off youtube for guidance:
public class HospitalOne { private String patient; public void setPatient(String name) { patient = name; } public String getPatient() { return patient; } public void details() { System.out.printf("Patient: %s", getPatient()); } public void searching() { System.out.println(""); System.out.println("Searching Database..."); } public String[][] patName[100][10]; patName[0][0] = "Name: Stephen Myhill"; patName[0][1] = "Location: Chesterfield"; patName[0][2] = "D.O.B: 31/2/80"; patName[0][3] = "Medical History:"; }import java.util.Scanner; class MainProgram { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); HospitalOne col = new HospitalOne(); System.out.println("Enter the name of the patient: "); String tempP = input.nextLine(); col.setPatient(tempP); col.details(); col.searching(); if (col.patName[][].equalsIgnoreCase(tempP)) { } } }
I am getting all kinds of errors but cannot identify and fix them. I don't even know if I am doing this correctly.
My questions are:-
- Where should I be creating my array?
- Should I have a multi-dim array or should I use arrayList?
Thank you for your time.
P.S - bit off topic, but what is wrong with java-forums.org (It is not loading for me anymore. I had a PM from some dude, replied and since then cannot get back on there).


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Rice market turned upside down by radiation fears
Japan's rice harvest season started at the end of August, and is presently centered on the Tohoku region; or, at least it would be centered there if so much of the crop hadn't been neutralized by the Mar. 11 tsunami and then what was left wasn't contaminated by fallout from the stricken Fukushima No. 1 nuclear reactor. Japanese people prize rice grown in the northeastern part of the country more than rice grown anywhere else, and they prefer new rice (shinmai), the newer the better. This is a cultural thing, since in some countries — India and Italy, for instance — older rice is considered something of a delicacy.
The earthquake and tsunami hit at around the time of planting, which means a lot of rice didn't make it into the ground and that which did may have been irradiated. Supposedly, the government checked much of the rice grown in the region when it was immature and decided it was safe, but a lot of people are far from being reassured by such announcements. On Sept. 23, for instance, the government of Fukushima Prefecture said it detected cesium above allowable levels in rice from Nihonmatsu. With more rain and the resultant seepage into soil, the numbers are always changing. Beef from the region became suspect after it was found that the cattle may have eaten irradiated rice straw. All of this has become a familiar pattern: The authorities say there's no problem only to reveal later something that seems to indicate there is a problem. People react accordingly.
Consequently, the market for rice has been knocked on its head. New rice from the Tohoku region, usually flying off shelves at this time of the year, is being avoided, while old rice from last year's stocks are in high demand. According to the Mainichi Shimbun, 6 kilograms of 2010 Akita Komachi, a highly valued strain, was selling for ¥12,000 wholesale last January. Now, the same rice from the same harvest is going for ¥20,000. That's never happened before. Last week, we received a postcard from the consumer food cooperative Daichi saying that they no longer had any 2010 rice in stock. This situation has revived the rice trade, wherein rice futures are traded like stocks, something that hasn't taken place since before the war when the government started overseeing rice distribution. Moreover, since so many wholesalers sell blends of rice from different regions but don't necessarily specify which regions on the packaging, people are avoiding cheaper blends that may, in fact, contain no rice from Fukushima Prefecture or even the Tohoku Region. People are even demanding rice grown in the western part of Japan, which is usually scorned as being less flavorful. Normally it isn't even sold in eastern Japan.
This may be good news for foreign rice, which is only imported because of world trade obligations. Most imported rice is used for processed foods or simply ends up gathering mold in warehouses. What may be gathering mold in warehouses a year from now is rice from the 2011 harvest, which is expected to be a record surplus. According to Bloomberg, this year's harvest will be in excess of 10 million tons. As of the end of June, there was 3.24 million tons in storage left over from last year's harvest, most of which will probably be gone before long.


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| 13.6°C Belfast
A crewman has died and 11 others had to be rescued when stormy seas overcame their vessel in the North Sea.
The Vos Sailor was damaged and took on water during severe weather overnight.
Coastguard launched a rescue mission after a mayday call at 4.30am and 11 crew members were winched to safety. Police said one man was fatally injured however. His body has not yet been recovered.
The Vos Sailor, an emergency response and rescue vessel, had been operating on the Balmoral oil field 120 miles off Aberdeen on Scotland's north-east coast.
A Grampian Police spokeswoman said: "The vessel sustained significant damage and 11 crew members were winched to safety during an operation co-ordinated by the coastguard in Aberdeen.
"It appears at this time that one crew member has suffered fatal injuries. Efforts are ongoing to recover the vessel which will be brought in to Aberdeen harbour in due course."
At the time of the incident, winds in the area were reported to be 60-75 knots with 6.5 metre waves.
Non-essential crew on the nearby North Sea Producer, a floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO) unit, were evacuated to other rigs as a precaution because the disabled boat was drifting.
It is understood the 42.5 metre Vos Sailor may not be recovered until Sunday.
The vessel is operated by Aberdeen-based Vroon Offshore Services. A statement on the company's website reads: "Vroon Offshore Services are in the process of contacting the next of kin of the crew of Vos Sailor. The company's emergency response team has mustered and - in close co-ordination with the Maritime Coast Guard Agency - is taking all measures to bring the vessel back under control."


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Sports Blogs
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One of the most exciting reasons to collect NFL rookie cards is that you get to watch their values spike if the player performs well on the field. To help capture that excitement, Upper Deck launched a new website to help collectors not just track 2009 NFL rookie cards, but also to make predictions on which rookie would have the best week at OwnTheRookies.com.
Collectors who successfully guess Upper Deck's "Rookie of the Week" will be entered into a drawing to win a box of 2009 NFL trading cards. For his great performance and game winning TD catch, Kenny Britt is this week's top rookie. If you entered codes from Britt's cards last week, stay tuned to the website to see if you are a winner!
The 2009 season has been a great one for the receivers of this year's draft. For Kenny Britt, he has gone largely unnoticed on a team that has only recently entered the playoff picture, thus allowing him to fly undercover on most team's radars. Unfortunately for the Cardinals, they fell right into the trap, and Britt burned them for 128 yards on 7 catches, including the game winning touchdown with seconds left. This isn't the first game where Britt has burned an unsuspecting defense either, as in week four against Jacksonville, he also had 5 catches for over 100 yards.
At the beginning of 2009, Britt was taken out of a midmajor program at Rutgers in the late first round because of his amazing route running ability and his speed as a deep threat. The Titans' receiving corps was thin, which meant there was no passing game to offset the attention Chris Johnson would receive after a great season. Bringing Kenny Britt into the picture was going to be the beginning of a solution, and he showed he was ready to play in the NFL from day one. In the first week of the season Britt came away with 85 yards on 4 catches, averaging over 20 yards per catch. Since that time, he only had one TD before his game winner against Arizona, therefore preventing any real conversation about his great potential. Even with 33 catches for 521 yards, he has been little more than a blip, where he should have instead been right up there with Percy Harvin, Hakeem Nicks and Mike Wallace.
For fans of the Titans, Britt has rarely come up short in a game, even though he hasn't really had the flash to match his consistency. Collectors weren't too hasty about picking up his cards either, as his value in the hobby was closer to where his production was on the field. Even though he hasn't been a top value guy for the class, that has been more reflective of his team's market and his position, rather than the fact that he has put up pretty good numbers this year. Now that he has had a game that has garnered national attention, his prices should change pretty dramatically.
As an attendee of the 2009 Rookie Premiere, Britt has been a focus of many cards over the course of the year. My favorite so far definitely comes out of the recent release of Upper Deck Black, with a dual auto of him and fellow first-round wide receiver Darrius Heyward Bey. It's always nice to get two for the price of one, and this card, having two guys that should be great in years to come, is a good value. It's interesting that both are featured in red jerseys, but moreso that the colleges are near each other in geographical location. As a graduate of an East Coast school, I know many people that identify with both the Terrapins and the Scarlet Knights because of where the colleges are located, and having star players from both schools on the card is a great combo.
For the fans of Britt that like him more for his role on the Tennesee Titans, look no further than his 2009 SPX Rookie Auto Jersey card. Britt's photo is one of the better ones of the set, and his bright blue jersey makes the card pop even more. My favorite part is Britt's dynamic expression. A look that suggests he is midjuke adds much to the overall presentation of the card. Also, having a piece of player worn material, a low serial numbered print run, and an auto definitely makes this even more desirable for collectors.
Despite Britt's great performance this week, I see this as only the tip of the iceberg for the guy who sat atop my list of draft steals. The Titans are poised for a playoff run if they can continue their improbable winning streak, and Britt collectors should have a great reason to invest further in the guy that could be a key piece to that puzzle. I would think that if he continues to play as well as he has, flying under the radar won't be easy anymore, but he will have the talent and skill to make up for the change in approach.
Check in next week for the newest rookie to win "Rookie of the Week" honors, and don't forget to enter in all your rookie card codes from the Upper Deck products you have collected so far. Not only can you win awesome prizes, but the site has some great features that allow you to track rookies and their cards this season!
Adam Gellman runs the collecting blog Sports Cards Uncensored, and has been a collector of all things sports for over 15 years. To see more of his work, visit www.sportscardsuncensored.com (warning: strong language!).


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- validadores 0.0.2
- Extensao que contem validadores de CNPJ, CPF
Extensao que contem funcoes para facilitar o uso de validadores de CNPJ, CPF utilizados no Brasil
To build it, just do this:
make installcheck
make install
If you encounter an error such as:
"Makefile", line 8: Need an operator
You need to use GNU make, which may well be installed on your system as
gmake install
gmake installcheck
If you encounter an error such as:
make: pg_config: Command not found
Be sure that you have
pg_config installed and in your path. If you used a
package management system such as RPM to install PostgreSQL, be sure that the
-devel package is also installed. If necessary tell the build process where
to find it:
env PG_CONFIG=/path/to/pg_config make && make installcheck && make install
And finally, if all that fails (and if you're on PostgreSQL 8.1 or lower, it
likely will), copy the entire distribution directory to the
subdirectory of the PostgreSQL source tree and try it there without
env NO_PGXS=1 make && make installcheck && make install
If you encounter an error such as:
ERROR: must be owner of database regression
You need to run the test suite using a super user, such as the default "postgres" super user:
make installcheck PGUSER=postgres
Once validadores is installed, you can add it to a database. If you're running PostgreSQL 9.1.0 or greater, it's a simple as connecting to a database as a super user and running:
CREATE EXTENSION validadores;
If you've upgraded your cluster to PostgreSQL 9.1 and already had validadores installed, you can upgrade it to a properly packaged extension with:
CREATE EXTENSION validadores FROM unpackaged;
For versions of PostgreSQL less than 9.1.0, you'll need to run the installation script:
psql -d mydb -f /path/to/pgsql/share/contrib/validadores.sql
If you want to install validadores and all of its supporting objects into a specific
schema, use the
PGOPTIONS environment variable to specify the schema, like
PGOPTIONS=--search_path=extensions psql -d mydb -f validadores.sql
validadores data type has no dependencies other than PostgreSQL.
Copyright and License
Copyright (c) 2011 Dickson S. Guedes email@example.com.


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If you have any questions or concerns, please contact your agent or the brokerage you are working with directly. If you need to look up your agent's contact information or his or her office's information, please use the Find a Realtor or Find an Office search by clicking here.
How To File An Ethics Complaint
Anyone can file an ethics complaint alleging violation of article(s) of the National Association of REALTORS® (NAR). The Complainant should compose a letter citing the article(s) they feel were violated by the respondent. The letter, along with substantiating documentation, should be submitted for review to:
Monmouth Ocean Regional REALTORS®
4000 Rt. 66, One Hovchild Plaza, Suite 210
Tinton Falls, NJ 07753
Attn: Grievance Committee
Click here to view the Ethics Complaint Package
For more information, contact MORR's Professional Standards Administrator, Nancy Ciccosanti at 732-918-1340 x20


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Personalised Children's Backpacks
Personalisable Toddler Rucksacks Travel in style with our adorable Toddler Rucksacks! Making the perfect gift for someone special.
Personalisable Sidekick Backpacks Let your little ones skip to nursery or school with our adorable Stephen Joseph Sidekick Backpacks.
Cotton Quilted Children's Backpacks from Stephen Joseph
Browse our characterful Children's Backpacks from Stephen Joseph. Fun, bright and with the option to make them unique by personalising with a child's name in different coloured embroidery. Choose from 23 designs, including a Horse backpack, Pirate backpack, Safari backpack, Monkey backpack and many more. Perfect for small kids and primary school children as they can be used for nursery, pre-school and even as PE bags and kit bags. Beautifully quilted, padded and extra light for maximum comfort. Made from 100% cotton with 100% polyester padding with embroidered details. Features include a drawstring closure with cord locks, magnetic snap flap closure, zip outer pocket, adjustable shoulder straps, back loop. Machine washable at 30 degrees for easy care.


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Suri Cruise has been a fashion trend-setter pretty much since birth. So it was only a matter of time before the famous 6-year-old tot got bangs, right?
Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes' only daughter debuted very short bangs on Friday — a big contrast to her long brown locks. It's unclear whether the new 'do came via a professional stylist or whether Suri may have chopped them herself.
TV characters more adorable than New Girl's Jess
Cruise, who turns 7 on April 18, joins other celebrities to indulge the trend, including First Lady Michelle Obama and Kim Kardashian.
What do you think of Suri's new look?


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ALL advertising on 2Day FM has been suspended indefinitely after a nurse duped by a show's presenters in a prank call was found dead in an apparent suicide.
A spokeswoman for Austereo, Sandy Kay, confirmed to AAP that there would be no advertising on 2Day FM over the weekend as the fallout from the prank call to London's King Edward VII Hospital continued.
"We have suspended advertising at least until Monday on that radio station in Sydney out of respect to advertisers until business issues can really be addressed,'' Ms Kay said on Saturday afternoon.
"Advertisers obviously have panicked, I'm sure it will all settle down.''
She said the company would reassess the situation on Monday when it has had time to "regroup''.
Earlier supermarket giant Coles and Telstra pulled advertising from 2Day FM as the fallout from the royal prank call continues.
Coles announced on Saturday morning it had informed the station's management it would be removing all its advertising from the station as soon as possible.
"We understand Australians are clearly angry and upset by what appear to be tragic consequences of the 2Day FM UK hospital prank,'' Coles said on its Facebook page.
"We have instructed 2Day FM to remove all Coles group advertising from the station.''
A spokesman for Telstra said the telco has suspended "advertising on the station until an investigation into the issue has concluded''.
It is believed Optus and Woolworths was reviewing the situation and sought an explanation from 2Day FM.
The radio show responsible for the royal prank call gone tragically wrong has been axed until further notice, and the presenters are "shattered'' after the victim's death, the station says.
Southern Cross Austereo CEO Rhys Holleran this afternoon told reporters he expressed the company's "deep sorrow'' after a hoax call made by Sydney 2Day FM presenters Mel Greig and Michael Christian was linked to nurse Jacintha Saldanha's apparent suicide on Friday.
The pair were taken off air after the tragic news broke and Mr Holleran could not confirm when the show would return.
"Southern Cross Austereo and the hosts have mutually decided that their show will not return until further notice out of respect for what can only be described as a tragedy,'' Mr Holleran told media in Melbourne today.
"Southern Cross Austereo is committed to working with authorities in any investigation into this tragedy. Our primary concern is for her (the nurse's) family. This is a tragic event that could not have been reasonably foreseen.''
Mr Holleran said he was satisfied the company's procedures surrounding prank calls had been met but would not detail what they were.
In a separate move, Australia's broadcasting regulator says it will be quizzing the owners of 2Day FM over the incident.
Sydney 2Day FM presenters Mel Greig and Michael Christian have been taken off air after their prank call to London's King Edward VII Hospital was linked to the death of respected nurse and mother Jacintha Saldanha, 46, on Friday.
The hospital was treating the Duchess of Cambridge for acute morning sickness.
The NSW Nurses and Midwives' Association (NSWNMA) slammed radio station 2Day FM for its role in a prank call linked to a nurse's death.
In an open letter to 2Day FM, NSWNMA general secretary Brett Holmes said the "stunt'' would have had "very serious professional consequences'' in the Australian context.
Mr Holmes said in the NSW context a nurse could have faced numerous disciplinary proceedings for answering such a call, including action by the Health Care Complaints Commission.
"Nurses and widwives must comply with strict professional and legal obligations in terms of patient privacy,'' Mr Holmes wrote.
"Such a call, with similar outcomes at an Australian health facility, irrespective of who the patient was, could have serious legal and professional implications for the nurses, midwives or any other health worker involved.''
Ms Saldanha's apparent suicide provoked a massive social media backlash against Greig and Christian, with many on Twitter and Facebook accusing the pair of "having blood on their hands".
But the chairman of Beyond Blue, Jeff Kennett, has expressed concern for the presenters, and said Australians should support rather than crucify the pair for a prank made in good faith.
The broadcasting regulator says it will be talking to the licensee of the radio station which broadcast the prank call.
The call by Sydney 2Day FM presenters Mel Greig and Michael Christian, who pretended to be the Queen and Prince Charles, has been linked to the death of the nurse they first spoke to, Jacintha Saldanha.
Police said there were no suspicious circumstances surrounding Ms Saldanha's death and it's believed she took her life.
The chairman of the Australian Communications and Media Authority (ACMA), Chris Chapman, issued a statement on Saturday saying the authority "does not propose to make any comments at this stage, but will be engaging with the licensee, Today FM Sydney, around the facts and issues surrounding the prank call''.
Mr Chapman added: "These events are a tragedy for all involved and I pass on my heartfelt condolences to the family of the deceased nurse in London.''
Ms Saldanha, 46, a mother of two, was unable to be revived after being found unconscious at a nurses' accommodation block near London's exclusive King Edward VII Hospital.
Police said the death was "unexplained" and have launched an investigation, but "the death is not being treated as suspicious at this stage".
Her husband, Ben, and two children - a boy, 16, and girl, 14 - have been informed.
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge said in a statement they were "deeply saddened" by the news, adding: "Their Royal Highnesses were looked after so wonderfully well at all times by everybody at King Edward VII Hospital, and their thoughts and prayers are with Jacintha Saldanha's family, friends and colleagues at this very sad time."
A Palace spokesman said the couple had not made a complaint about the prank call.
The grieving family said: "We as a family are deeply saddened by the loss of our beloved Jacintha."
Readers seeking support and information about suicide prevention can contact Lifeline on 13 11 14 or Suicide Call Back Service on 1300 659 467.
Originally published asPrank call radio show axed after death


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Chipmakers helping to give computers a visual cortex
Samsung, Qualcomm, ARM, Broadcom, and a bunch of other technology companies want your computer to see. To that end, they banded together at the Khronos Group to try to standardize some elements of machine vision technology. It's the kind of thing that could make it easier to write an augmented reality app for a mobile phone or sign-recognition software for an autonomous car, for example, because difficult low-level technology would be taken care of.


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Oklahoma boy, 2, faces 22nd brain surgery
Operation scheduled for Tuesday
Doctors at Children's Hospital will perform surgery on Paxton Akins' brain on Tuesday. It will be the 2-year-old Oklahoma boy's 22nd surgery.
Paxton was born prematurely, over three months early. He was only about as big as an adult's hand and weighed 1 pound 10 ounces, but he beat the odds and survived.
"It was only a 10 percent chance at the time that he would make it," said Brianne Akins.
Now at almost 3-years-old, he is once again fighting for survival. Akins has spent every moment of the past two weeks watching over her son's hospital bed.
"He's the happiest kid alive," said Akins.
After three months in the neo-natal intensive care unit Paxton went on to lead a normal life, but after his first birthday his mom said she noticed something was wrong. He was diagnosed with cerebral palsy and doctors found a cyst in the back of his head.
"It's just so hard," said Akins.
Paxton's brain has been operated on 21 times.
"He always looks at me and kind of grins like, 'Yeah, I got this mom,'" said Akins.
She said she is optimistic about his Tuesday surgery.
"I am excited but I'm nervous at the same time," said Akins. "It's going under anesthesia and cutting into him, but we are hopeful that this is the end of it."
Akins said their journey has been difficult, but also rewarding.
"You learn not take anything for granted," said Akins. "It's the best feeling you know to look at your child and have them look at you and get excited to see you."
Akins said she refuses to let Paxton celebrate another holiday in a hospital bed and plans to have him home by his birthday.
"That 3rd birthday party, pirates," said Akins. "We are already planning it, definitely."
Paxton's family has set up a website for him. They are asking people to share their well wishes, prayers or donations. Paxton's mom said their biggest goal is to get him ready to go to pre-school next year.


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Construction Consumer Products Metals & Materials Safety Environment Transportation Chemicals Energy Medical Quality
TTIP and Dancing Elephants
On July 8 of this year, in Washington, D.C., the United States and the European Union launched negotiations on a proposed free trade agreement called the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, or TTIP. While the two parties have negotiated free trade agreements with other countries, they have not, until now, attempted one of this magnitude with one another.1 In its Technical Barriers to Trade section, the agreement is slated to cover, among other things, cars, machinery and electronics, chemicals, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles, and the regulations and standards associated with them.2
The U.S. and the EU are arguably the greatest economic powers in the world, which makes this no ordinary trade agreement. The magnitude of it reminds me of something I heard at a standards conference years ago, where representatives from the U.S. and the EU were describing standards systems that were markedly different in so many ways. A standards official from Australia who followed them started his talk by saying, "When elephants dance, the rest of us need to get out of the room." Expectations are high, and a great deal of political capital is invested in this trade agreement.
On the surface, it looks good. Both economies want to ensure the health and safety of their citizens. Trading between the two powers is vigorous, and both governments want to make that trade more vigorous, so that their economies can improve. Businesses on both sides of the Atlantic are heralding the governments' efforts to create a more efficient, profitable market.
Below the surface, it's complicated. In the standards area, the parties are coming from different places, literally and figuratively. The European standards system is relatively new. It was formed to support the EU, which was established in 1992, and looks internally to that Union first and foremost, i.e., it admits European interests only into its standardization process and develops standards that support the regulatory framework of the EU. It participates in the development of international standards by delegation to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), an organization located outside the EU. European government officials do not participate in the standardization process but may act as contractors for the development of standards to be referenced in technical regulations. The standards system in the U.S., on the other hand, has existed for a much longer time3 and has evolved in another direction entirely. ASTM International and other standards organizations domiciled in the U.S. admit technical experts from other countries into their standardization processes and are increasingly globally focused. These experts develop international standards within the U.S. using multiple paths and in ISO as well. U.S. government officials participate as equals in the standardization process.
The ultimate goal of TTIP is to reduce barriers to trade that exist between the U.S. and the EU. One way to do this is to eliminate the differences between standards (and regulations), and create one where there were two. The term the Europeans use for this is harmonization. Another option is for both sides to accept the differences in the standards (and regulations) and treat and trust them as they do their own, i.e., see them as equivalent. You see the problem.
Let's step back for a moment. The parties to this agreement were parties first to the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement. As signatories, they have already agreed that standards should not create unnecessary barriers to trade and that they should use international standards in technical regulations wherever possible. They've also already agreed that there is a set of principles for developing international standards that will not create barriers to trade.
ASTM International and other global standards bodies in the U.S. responded to the TBT agreement by internalizing the WTO principles for developing international standards. Thousands of standards created by these bodies are operating in the global market now, having been developed by technical experts from just about every country in the world, including countries within the EU. They are highly valued collateral in the global market, technically advanced, market relevant, and in terms of facilitating trade and eliminating barriers to trade, already there.
There are no standards bodies adhering to WTO principles that are more transparent or more inclusive than those in the U.S. standards system. The U.S. system is unique; there is no other standards system like it in the world. Its strength lies in its accessibility, its openness to those beyond its borders, its respect for the viewpoints of individuals and its partnership with government. It cannot be traded for, nor should its international standards be harmonized with those that reflect a single region's interests only. At present, these international standards are not accepted in trade with products regulated by the EU, except at a price for validation too dear to pay. We should keep this in mind as we dance.
ASTM International is not opposed to a U.S.-EU trade agreement, nor is it opposed to cooperative efforts and joint standards projects if they are meaningful, technically substantive and beneficial to our exporting members. On the contrary, ASTM International supports this effort and welcomes it. Better trade, better products, better businesses, and better economies are good for all of us, especially our members, including our European members.4 It is the position of this organization that international standards, regardless of their origins, can best support a liberalized trading system and a successful trade agreement if they are produced in accordance with WTO principles, technically advanced and market relevant. If one standard is better for exporters than two, then these should be the criteria governments consider when formulating their technical regulations. Most important, no agreement should dilute or dismantle that which is already accomplishing its goals.
1. In 1998, the U.S. and the EU entered into Mutual Recognition Agreements in six product areas: medical devices, pharmaceuticals, recreational craft, telecommunications, electromagnetic compatibility and electrical equipment. To date, only two continue to function: telecommunications and electromagnetic compatibility.
2. Specific sectors are subject to final agreement.
3. ASTM International, for example, was established in 1898.
4. ASTM members include 1,500 individuals from leading European companies such as AREVA, BASF and Siemens; small- and medium-sized enterprises, and important stakeholder organizations.
James A. Thomas
President, ASTM International