text:
Human flight has become a tired fact of modern life. At any given moment, roughly 5,000 airplanes crisscross the skies above the United States alone, amounting to an estimated 64 million commercial and private takeoffs every year [source: NATCA]. Consider the rest of the world's flight activity, and the grand total is incalculable.
It is easy to take the physics of flight for granted, as well as the ways in which we exploit them to achieve flight. We often glimpse a plane in the sky with no greater understanding of the principles involved than a caveman.
How do these heavy machines take to the air? To answer that question, we have to enter the world of fluid mechanics.
Physicists classify both liquids and gases as fluids, based on how they flow. Even though air, water and pancake syrup may seem like very different substances, they all conform to the same set of mathematical relationships. In fact, basic aerodynamic tests are sometimes performed underwater. To put it simply, a salmon essentially flies through the sea, and a pelican swims through the air.
The core of the matter is this: Even a clear sky isn't empty. Our atmosphere is a massive fluid layer, and the right application of physics makes it possible for humans to traverse it.
In this article, we'll walk through the basic principles of aviation and the various forces at work in any given flight.
How Do Planes Fly: Thrust and Drag
Drop a stone into the ocean and it will sink into the deep. Chuck a stone off the side of a mountain and it will plummet as well. Sure, steel ships can float and even very heavy airplanes can fly, but to achieve flight, you have to exploit the four basic aerodynamic forces: lift, weight, thrust and drag. You can think of them as four arms holding the plane in the air, each pushing from a different direction.
First, let's examine thrust and drag. Thrust, whether caused by a propeller or a jet engine, is the aerodynamic force that pushes or pulls the airplane forward through space. The opposing aerodynamic force is drag, or the friction that resists the motion of an object moving through a fluid (or immobile in a moving fluid, as occurs when you fly a kite).
If you stick your hand out of a car window while moving, you'll experience a very simple demonstration of drag at work. The amount of drag that your hand creates depends on a few factors, such as the size of your hand, the speed of the car and the density of the air. If you were to slow down, you would notice that the drag on your hand would decrease.
We see another example of drag reduction when we watch downhill skiers in the Olympics. Whenever they get the chance, they'll squeeze down into a tight crouch. By making themselves "smaller," they decrease the drag they create, which allows them to zip faster down the hill.
A passenger jet always retracts its landing gear after takeoff for a similar reason: to reduce drag. Just like the downhill skier, the pilot wants to make the aircraft as small as possible. The amount of drag produced by the landing gear of a jet is so great that, at cruising speeds, the gear would be ripped right off the plane.
For flight to take place, thrust must be equal to or greater than the drag. If, for any reason, the amount of drag becomes larger than the amount of thrust, the plane will slow down. If the thrust is increased so that it's greater than the drag, the plane will speed up.
On the next page, we'll discuss weight and lift.
How Do Airplanes Fly: Weight and Lift
This content is not compatible on this device.
Every object on Earth has weight, a product of both gravity and mass. A Boeing 747-8 passenger airliner, for instance, has a maximum takeoff weight of 487.5 tons (442 metric tons), the force with which the weighty plane is drawn toward the Earth.
Weight's opposing force is lift, which holds an airplane in the air. This feat is accomplished through the use of a wing, also known as an airfoil. Like drag, lift can exist only in the presence of a moving fluid. It doesn't matter if the object is stationary and the fluid is moving (as with a kite on a windy day), or if the fluid is still and the object is moving through it (as with a soaring jet on a windless day). What really matters is the relative difference in speeds between the object and the fluid.
As for the actual mechanics of lift, the force occurs when a moving fluid is deflected by a solid object. The wing splits the airflow in two directions: up and over the wing and down along the underside of the wing.
The wing is shaped and tilted so that the air moving over it travels faster than the air moving underneath. When moving air flows over an object and encounters an obstacle (such as a bump or a sudden increase in wing angle), its path narrows and the flow speeds up as all the molecules rush though. Once past the obstacle, the path widens and the flow slows down again. If you've ever pinched a water hose, you've observed this very principle in action. By pinching the hose, you narrow the path of the fluid flow, which speeds up the molecules. Remove the pressure and the water flow returns to its previous state.
As air speeds up, its pressure drops. So the faster-moving air moving over the wing exerts less pressure on it than the slower air moving underneath the wing. The result is an upward push of lift. In the field of fluid dynamics, this is known as Bernoulli's principle.
Aerial Navigation: Wings, Slats and Flaps
Having covered the basic physics of flight and the ways in which an airplane uses them to fly, the next obvious step is to consider navigation. How does an airplane turn in the air? How does it rise to a higher altitude or dive back toward the ground?
First, let's consider the angle of attack, the angle that a wing (or airfoil) presents to oncoming air. The greater the angle of attack, the greater the lift. The smaller the angle, the less lift. Interestingly enough, it's actually easier for an airplane to climb than it is to travel at a fixed altitude. A typical wing has to present a negative angle of attack (slanted forward) in order to achieve zero lift. This wing positioning also generates more drag, which requires greater thrust.
In general, the wings on most planes are designed to provide an appropriate amount of lift (along with minimal drag) while the plane is operating in its cruising mode. However, when these airplanes are taking off or landing, their speeds can be reduced to less than 200 miles per hour (322 kilometers per hour). This dramatic change in the wing's working conditions means that a different airfoil shape would probably better serve the aircraft. Airfoil shapes vary depending on the aircraft, but pilots further alter the shape of the airfoil in real time via flaps and slats.
During takeoff and landing, the flaps (on the back of the wing) extend downward from the trailing edge of the wings. This effectively alters the shape of the wing, allowing it to divert more air, and thus create more lift. The alteration also increases drag, which helps a landing airplane slow down (but necessitates more thrust during takeoff).
Slats perform the same function as flaps (that is, they temporarily alter the shape of the wing to increase lift), but they're attached to the front of the wing instead of the rear. Pilots also deploy them on takeoff and landing.
Pilots have to do more than guide a plane through takeoff and landing though. They have to steer it through the skies, and airfoils and their flaps can help with that, too.
Aerial Navigation: Stabilizers, Ailerons, Rudders and Elevators
This content is not compatible on this device.
The tail of the airplane has two types of small wings, called the horizontal and vertical stabilizers. A pilot uses these surfaces to control the direction of the plane. Both types of stabilizer are symmetrical airfoils, and both have large flaps to alter airflow.
On the horizontal tail wing, these flaps are called elevators as they enable the plane to go up and down through the air. The flaps change the horizontal stabilizer's angle of attack, and the resulting lift either raises the rear of the aircraft (pointing the nose down) or lowers it (pointing the nose skyward).
Meanwhile, the vertical tail wing features a flap known as a rudder. Just like its nautical counterpart on a boat, this key part enables the plane to turn left or right and works along the same principle.
Finally, we come to the ailerons, horizontal flaps located near the end of an airplane's wings. These flaps allow one wing to generate more lift than the other, resulting in a rolling motion that allows the plane to bank left or right. Ailerons usually work in opposition. As the right aileron deflects upward, the left deflects downward, and vice versa. Some larger aircraft, such as airliners, also achieve this maneuver via deployable plates called spoilers that raise up from the top center of the wing.
By manipulating these varied wing flaps, a pilot maneuvers the aircraft through the sky. They represent the basics behind everything from a new pilot's first flight to high-speed dogfights and supersonic, hemisphere-spanning jaunts.
Aircraft Motions and the Principle Axes
As we explored on the last two pages, flaps and slats enable a pilot to move an aircraft through three-dimensional space. In other words, the pilot alters the plane's orientation around its own center of gravity, producing torque. Imagine this center of gravity as a fixed point in the middle of the fuselage. Next, imagine an invisible horizontal line that travels straight through the plane's nose, center of gravity and tail. We call this the roll axis.
By adjusting the plane's ailerons (or spoiler) a pilot can cause the lift to increase in one wing and decrease in the other. One wing rises, the other descends. This causes the body of the plane to rotate along its roll axis, which results in a maneuver known as a roll. When a plane makes a complete rotation of its roll axis, the maneuver is called a barrel roll. However, when a pilot merely rolls enough to tilt the angle of the airfoil, the aircraft banks or turns.
Now imagine an invisible vertical line intersecting the center of gravity, shooting down through the top of the aircraft and out through the belly. This is called the yaw axis, and it comes into play when a pilot manipulates the aircraft's rudder. The rudder's deflection results in a side force, rotating the tail in one direction and the nose in the other. This is called a yaw motion, which helps the pilot to maintain course.
Finally, imagine an invisible horizontal line moving through the sides of the aircraft's center of gravity, roughly parallel to the wings. This is the pitch axis, which necessitates the pitch motion due to changes in the airplane's elevator. When the tail tilts down, the nose rises and the plane ascends -- and vice versa. Some aircraft can actually perform complete loops in this manner.
Stalls and Spins
As we covered earlier, an aircraft's flight is a careful balance of thrust, drag, weight and lift. Should lift decrease and drag increase suddenly, such as when an aircraft's angle of attack surpasses that for maximum lift, a stall occurs. The airframe shakes and the plane falls, at least for a few feet. In most cases the pilot merely corrects for the stall by lowering the plane's angle of attack. However, an improperly corrected stall can result in a secondary stall, or degrade into a spin.
If you've ever attended an air show, you've probably witnessed stunt pilots intentionally entering into spins as part of an aerial acrobatics show. Typically, you'll see the prop-driven plane soar upward in a steep ascension, only to stall out and fall into a dramatic spin. The principles of an accidental spin are much the same.
A spin has three basic phases. The initial phase is called an incipient spin, in which the dropping aircraft starts to enter the spin. This phase lasts only a few seconds in light aircraft.
If uncorrected, an incipient spin degrades into a fully developed spin composed of a near-vertical helical flight path -- as if the plane is descending an invisible spiral stair. Such a spin can cost an aircraft hundreds of feet with every turn.
In a flat spin, the pitch and roll axes remain steady, with the spin occurring around the plane's center of gravity. In other words, the plane is mostly level as it falls in an extremely dangerous spin.
Spin recovery techniques vary depending on the design of a given aircraft and where its center of gravity is situated. Generally speaking, a plane with its center of gravity more toward the nose is less likely to enter a spin than one with the center of gravity located closer to its tail. As such, some aircraft have specific spin recovery procedures, but the idea is to disrupt spin equilibrium and force the craft to stall and from there correct back into controlled flight.
Most pilots aren't looking to take their passengers for a spin though. They're too busy manning the flight instruments we'll talk about next.
Flight Instruments
To the untrained eye, a panel of flight instruments may seem like a smorgasbord of dials. But all these crucial gauges provide a pilot with critical data during the flight. The six most basic flight instruments, as found in a simple prop-driven plane, are as follows:
- Airspeed indicator: Essentially, this gauge tells the pilot how fast the aircraft is traveling in relation to the ground. The indicator depends on a differential pressure gauge, not unlike a tire gauge.
- Altimeter: As the name implies an altimeter measures altitude. The indicator in this case is a barometer, which measures air pressure.
- Attitude indicator: Remember the three primary principle axes we mentioned before (pitch, yaw and roll)? Well, an attitude indicator illustrates the aircraft's orientation along all three. By use of a gyroscope, the indicator provides spatial clarity even in disorienting flight conditions.
- Heading indicator: The heading indicator simply tells the pilot in which direction the plane is heading. The device depends on both a gyroscope and a magnetic compass, however, as both are susceptible to different errors during flight.
- Turn coordinator: A typical turn coordinator indicates the plane's yaw or roll rate while also indicating the rate of coordination between the plane's bank angle and the rate of yaw. This device depends on a gyroscope, as well as an inclinometer ball in a glass cylinder to indicate when the aircraft is skidding or slipping.
- Variometer: Also known as a vertical speed indicator, this device indicates the rate of a plane's rate of climb or descent. Working along similar lines as the altimeter, the variometer depends on atmospheric pressure readings to determine how swiftly altitude changes are occurring.
The total number of flight instruments has increased over the years with the speed, altitude, range and overall sophistication of the aircraft.
Fueling Flight: Means of Propulsion
When it comes to propelling an airplane through the sky, different designs depend on different means of propulsion to provide thrust. Most methods, however, work along the same basic principle: An engine accelerates a gas.
Let's peek inside a few different engines.
Propeller engine: In a typical propulsion system, an engine mixes fuel with air and burns the fuel to release the energy. The resulting heated gas moves a piston, which is attached to a crankshaft. This spins a propeller, or prop, which is essentially an array of spinning wings. Each blade is an airfoil with an angle of attack. The angle is greater toward the center because the speed of the propeller through the air is slower close to the hub. Many larger prop-driven aircraft boast propellers with adjustable pitch mechanisms. These mechanisms let the pilot adjust the propeller's angle of attack depending on air speed and altitude. There are, of course, variations. For example, in turbo prop planes, a gas turbine spins the propeller, and electric aircraft designs don't employ combustion.
Rocket engine: While a propeller engine uses the surrounding air as the working fluid of its propulsion, all a rocket needs is the thrust of its own combustion exhaust gas. This is why a rocket can provide thrust in space, but a propeller cannot. A rocket engine combines fuel and an internal source of oxygen called an oxidizer. The oxygen and fuel ignite in a combustion chamber, exploding in a hot exhaust. These gases pass through a nozzle to produce thrust.
Gas turbine engine: Also known as a jet engine, this means of propulsion works a lot like a rocket engine, only it obtains the necessary air from the surrounding atmosphere rather than a tank. As such, jet engines don't work in space either. Many variants of gas turbine engines, such as those seen on most airliners, collect the necessary air through fanlike rotary compressors. A ramjet, however, doesn't use a compressor. Instead, the airplane builds up speed, which forces air through forward-facing vents in the engine. In this model, the aircraft's speed naturally compresses the air necessary for combustion.
Now that we've covered engines, let's get some serious speed.
Aircraft Speed
Once fueled, an airplane's minimum flight speed depends on the movement of the air around it. Maximum airspeed, on the other hand, is limited largely by technology. We use the speed of sound as the ultimate measuring stick for airplane velocity, and this is quite simply the rate at which a sound wave moves through a gas.
The exact speed of sound depends on the elasticity and density of the gas medium it's traveling through -- which means varying air pressure and air temperature prevent the existence of a global speed of sound. At 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius), the speed of sound in air is 1,087 feet per second (331 meters per second). Raise the temperature to 68 degrees Fahrenheit (20 degrees Celsius), and the speed climbs to 1,127 feet per second (343 meters per second).
Whatever the details of the medium, we refer to the speed of sound as Mach 1, named after physicist Ernst Mach. If an airplane reaches the speed of sound, its speed is Mach 1. If the airplane reaches double the speed of sound, its speed is Mach 2.
Airplanes speeds that are less than Mach 1 are considered subsonic speeds, while those very close to Mach 1 are said to be transonic. Velocities surpassing the speed of sound are divided into high supersonic (Mach 3 through Mach 5) and hypersonic (Mach 5 through Mach 10). Speeds swifter than Mach 10 are considered high hypersonic.
If you've ever heard a supersonic aircraft fly overhead, then you've probably heard a sonic boom. Once an airplane attains Mach 1, the sound waves emitted by the plane can't speed ahead of it. Instead, these waves accumulate in a cone of sound behind the plane. When this cone passes overhead, you hear all that accumulated sound at once.
We'll head inside the airplane next to investigate which cabin systems work to keep us healthy at high altitudes.
Under (Cabin) Pressure
Sure, humans evolved to thrive in Earth's atmosphere, but it's important to realize that we only evolved to thrive in a thin layer of the planet's gaseous outer layer. Air pressure changes depending on altitude. In the same way that the water pressure in the ocean is greater on the seafloor than it is just below the surface, air pressure decreases the higher you ascend through the atmosphere.
When humans breathe thinner, high-altitude air, they have a harder time taking in enough oxygen. And when we hang out at heights higher than 9,800 feet (3,000 meters), our bodies become susceptible to a host of unpleasant or even deadly illnesses, like these:
Altitude sickness: Also the bane of high-altitude mountain climbers, reduced air pressure and lower oxygen concentration levels can cause extreme shortness of breath due to fluid buildup in the lungs. In extreme cases, this can lead to brain swelling, resulting in confusion, coma or death.
Ear barotrauma: The Eustachian tube connects your middle ear to the outside world. If this tube becomes blocked, changes in atmospheric pressure can cause a pressure differential that can result in dizziness, discomfort, hearing loss, ear pain and nose bleeds.
Decompression sickness: Divers know this condition as the bends, and it can occur in the air, as well as in the water. Exposure to low barometric pressures can cause dissolved nitrogen in the blood stream to form harmful bubbles that can cause everything from drowsiness to stroke.
Hypoxia: As low pressure means less oxygen in every breath you breathe, the brain receives less oxygen at high altitudes. The physiological results often include cognitive impairment or light-headedness, which can seriously impair a pilot's ability to fly the plane.
Pressurized cabins enable pilots, crew and passengers to avoid these pitfalls of flying at high altitude. While the air outside the cabin thins out the higher a plane climbs, compressed air inside the cabin maintains more surface-level air pressure and oxygen-rich air. In the event of accidental loss of cabin pressure, emergency oxygen masks provide the necessary air quality.
Pressurized flight suits achieve the same effect as pressurized cabins, only on an individual basis. Characterized by enclosed helmets, these suits typically see use in military and high-performance aircraft.
Landing Gear
We've discussed the parts of an airplane necessary for flight, but just as a bird eventually needs to stretch its legs, so too does an airplane require some form of landing gear. The gear in turn requires an undercarriage, or a structure that supports the plane's weight on the ground.
The Wright brothers' 1903 flyer depended on simple wooden skids for landing in the sand. Other more modern craft to possess landing skids include the German Messerschmitt ME 163 Komet, a World War II rocket-propelled interceptor, and the U.S. Air Force's X-15, an experimental, high-speed 1960s jet. Along similar lines, some aircraft boast floats or skis for landing on water, snow or ice.
When you think of landing gear, however, you probably think of the wheeled variety. The actual wheels involved have ranged over the vast spectrum of aviation designs. Some early landing gear resembled bicycle wheels while larger aircraft often feature bogie landing gear that employ sets of four or more wheels on each brace. During the 1950s, the U.S. Air Force even experimented with tank-style tracked landing gear for the enormous six-engine Convair B-36 Peacemaker.
Regardless of the type of wheel employed, such landing gear are typically arranged in one of two arrangements. First there's the conventional undercarriage with two front wheels and one smaller tail wheel or skid. You can spot this arrangement, also known as a taildragger undercarriage, on older prop-driven aircraft. Most modern planes use a tricycle undercarriage, in which the smaller wheel is positioned at the front of an aircraft.
Variations on these two basic themes are numerous, with additional wheels added depending on the particular demands of a given aircraft. The Lockheed U-2, for instance, features a tandem design with two fuselage wheels running down the middle and supporting wheels on each wing for balance. Many modern aircraft feature retractable landing gear, which pull up into fuselage during flight, but others still feature fixed landing gear that remain extended all the time.
But what if your plane is prevented from making a conventional landing? That's next.
Ejection Seats, Escape Pods and Evacuation Slides
Modern aircraft enable passengers to wine, dine and even catch a good night's sleep without any worries over the plane's soaring altitude or the mechanical means that keep them there. When something goes wrong, however, you need to be able to exit the plane and live to tell the story on the ground.
As such, planes have boasted several ingenious escape features over the years. Let's walk through some of the ways you might try to exit an aircraft in an emergency.
The evacuation slide: No one wants to abandon an airplane before landing, so if it's possible, pilots attempt to regain control or at least achieve a crash landing. At this point, you generally want to flee as far from the damaged airplane as possible. This is where the evacuation slide comes in handy. Compressed gas inflates the slide, allowing for speedy deployment. A passenger then slides down and, in some cases, the inflatable slide can be used as a flotation device.
The parachute: The first parachute jump from an airplane took place in 1912, a mere nine years after the Wright brothers' inaugural flight. It has remained an aviation staple, creating drag to slow down a moving object, person or aircraft. You won't find a cache of emergency chutes on a commercial airliner, however, as they typically operate at speeds and altitudes that would require additional safety gear. Skydiving also calls for individual training and regular parachute maintenance -- to say nothing of the logistics involved in evacuating a plane full of passengers in such a manner.
The ejection seat: This option generally remains the exclusive domain of military and experimental aircraft. While it was possible for the pilots of older, prop-driven aircraft to climb out of a plummeting aircraft, the pilots of high-performance jets require a fast, automated exit from a doomed aircraft. Ejection seats achieve this by simply blasting the pilot's or passenger's seat free of the plane. Then a parachute deploys to provide the necessary drag to slow the descent back to the surface.
The escape capsule: In extreme conditions, military or experimental aircraft feature escape capsules for pilots or crew members. The principle is the same as that of an ejection seat, only instead of jettisoning a pilot in a naked seat, it entails the ejection of a pressurized pod. Some aircraft designs even go so far as to eject entire crew cabins as a single, multiperson escape capsule.
Communication in the Skies
At the very beginning of this article, we discussed the thousands upon thousands of aircraft that fill the sky regularly. How do they avoid crashing into each other and landing without unleashing absolute chaos? Well, we have the field of avionics to thank.
Avionics entails all of an aircraft's electronic flight control systems: communications gear, navigation system, collision avoidance and meteorological systems. An overarching aerospace and air traffic control system ensures the safety of commercial and private aircraft as they take off, land and traverse vast distances without incident. Through the use of radar, computerized flight plans and steady communication, air traffic controllers ensure planes operate at safe distances from each other and redirect them around bad weather.
Needless to say, global air traffic control is a colossal task. It essentially involves governance of the skies, so we tackle that operation similarly to how we would on the ground: We divide things up. U.S. airspace, for example, breaks down into 21 air route traffic control centers (ARTCCs), each a designated territory that spans whole states and more. Internationally, you'll also hear these airspaces called area control centers (ACCs). Depending on a country's size, they may employ one or several ACCs.
If a flight takes a plane across several countries, it passes through various ACCs, each monitored by different air traffic controllers who give instructions to the pilot as needed. If a flight takes a plane into international airspace (the air above international waters), the crew will still depend on the assistance of an ACC, though the ground controllers may have to forgo the use of radar and depend on pilot reports and computer models. For a more in-depth look, read How Air Traffic Control Works.
Explore the links on the next page to learn even more about aviation.
Related Articles
More Great Links
- "Acute mountain sickness." National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2011. (May 6, 2011)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001190/
- "Air Traffic Control: By the Numbers." National Air Traffic Controllers Association. 2010. (Jan. 15, 2010)http://www.natca.org/mediacenter/bythenumbers.msp
- "Altitude-induced Decompression Sickness." Federal Aviation Administration. (May 6, 2011)http://www.faa.gov/pilots/safety/pilotsafetybrochures/media/dcs.pdf
- "Angle of Attack." Inside Racing Technology. July 4, 2000. (Jan. 15, 2010)http://insideracingtechnology.com/tech103anglattack.htm
- "Beginners Guide to Aerodynamics." NASA Glenn Research center. June 2, 2009. (Jan. 15, 2010)http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/short.html
- "Ear barotrauma." National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2011. (May 6, 2011)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002059/
- Higgins, Dr. Richard J. Retired professor, Georgia Institute of Technology. Personal interview. Jan. 25, 2009.
- "How Things Fly." The National Air and Space Museum. (Jan. 15, 2010)http://www.nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/gal109/NEWHTF/HTF030.HTM
- "In-flight hypoxia incidents in military aircraft: causes and implications for training." National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2011. (May 6, 2011)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12602449
- "Slow Flight, Stalls, and Spins." Alpha Trainer. (Dec. 29, 2010)http://www.alphatrainer.com/handouts/new%20learning/FAA-H-8083-3A/chap_04.pdf
- "Stall and Spin Awareness Training." U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration. May 17, 1991. (Dec. 29, 2010)


text:
Hire the best 1 ISO 9001 developer from
Sort by: Relevance Experience Last Updated Rate
Development & implementation ISO 9001, 27001, 13485, CMMI, GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation). ISO 20000, ITIL, NIST, HIPAA consulting
● Strong knowledge and working experience in business and information security processes, using best practices, methodologies and European standards. ● Practical experience in development, implementa...
+23 Agile LMS Moodle SharePoint Visio Atlassian JIRA Business Process Modeling eLearning Malware Mantis Non-disclosure Agreements QA Management Requirement Management Scrum Software Documentation SurveyMonkey Tortoise SVN Confluence Project management Quality Management SDLC TFS NIST
view Profile
Updated: 10 Jun 2020
No-one really matches your needs?
Normally we are able to pro-actively find any given talent within 72 hours.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We have updated our Privacy Policy Please take a moment to review it. By continuing to use this site, you agree to the terms of our updated Privacy Policy.
James Patterson's winning follow-up to the #1 New York Times bestseller Middle School, The Worst Years of My Life–now a major motion picture!–is another riotous and heartwarming story about living large.
A #1 New York Times Bestseller
An Indiebound Bestseller
One of Barnes & Noble's Best Books of 2012
—School Library Journal
"Will be enjoyed by middle-grade boys, particularly reluctant readers."—VOYA
"Short chapters and a partially graphic format are sure to appeal."—Booklist
Praise for Middle School, The Worst Years of My Life:
* "As Patterson artfully weaves a deeper and more thought-provoking tale of childhood coping mechanisms and everyday school and family realities, readers are drawn into a deeper understanding of and compassion for the main characters."—School Library Journal, starred review
and an even more astute understanding of what might propel boy readers through
a book.... a perfectly pitched novel."
—Los Angeles Times
—The Associated Press
"It's a chatty, funny, engaging book.... filled with energetic cartoons... that will appeal to your little rebel, depicting teachers as dungeon-keepers, matadors and flying dragons. Patterson... knows how to structure a plot and builds in some surprising--even touching--twists.... Rafe is the bad boy with a heart of gold."—New York Times
"The book's... dynamic artwork and message that 'normal is boring' should go a long way toward assuring kids who don't fit the mold that there's a place for them, too."—Publishers Weekly
"Incredibly detailed and imaginative
illustrations... add depth and humor.... an enjoyable story that even the
most reluctant readers should enjoy."—Library Media Connection
—The Bulletin


text:
6 tablespoons margarine, softened
1 cup sugar
2 eggs
½ teaspoon vanilla
1-1/3 cups flour
½ teaspoon baking powder
¾ cup diced dried apricots
2/3 cup toasted slivered almonds
2/3 cup semisweet chocolate chips
Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Lightly grease 2 baking sheets. Cream together margarine and sugar. Beat in eggs and vanilla. Mix in flour and baking powder, and then remaining ingredients. Divide into four, form into flattened logs and place on the prepared sheets. Sprinkle with sugar. Bake for 20 minutes, remove from oven and cut into then pieces. Return to oven for 5 more minutes, then remove to rack to cool.


text:
List YOU - List yourself or reccomend a UK listing - Professional Services and Tradesmen
Results (Searched by Tag)
We found 1 results for " lancaster". If your search has returned too many results, try limiting your search query. If no results have been produced please adjust your search query or try again later.
List YOU - North West England - Lancashire We are...


text:
Top-tier hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles, Dr. Allen Kamrava has recently been recognized as a top performing physician in his field by patients and colleagues alike, who have experienced the doctor's amazing service. The hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles has become very well publicized as a doctor who delivers the utmost care and continually shows high success rates among his patients. To learn more about the doctor's services, please don't hesitate to reach out. The doctor's offices are found at 9001 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 104 Beverly Hills, CA 90211 (424.279.8222).
Top tier hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles doctor, Dr. Allen Kamrava was recently recognized as among the top performing doctors in his field by his colleagues and patients alike. The hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles has dedicated his life to helping people in need of his groundbreaking services, and is committed to delivering his services to as wide an audience as possible in hopes that he can positively affect as many people as possible.
The hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles, doctor Allen Kamrava is committed to offering the strongest team of medical practitioners to his patients as possible. As such, each member of the Kamrava team goes through a rigorous exam to ensure that they are of the highest caliber, and that they are as dedicated to helping patients with their medical needs as possible. The hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles scrutinizes each member of his team before they are brought in.
Dr. Allen Kamrava, the hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles has several years of experience in the hemorrhoid field. The doctor has an extensive educational background and has applied his extensive knowledge in the treatment of hemorrhoids. The hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles strives to deliver the help that his patients need.
About Dr. Allen Kamrava
Dr. Allen Kamrava was recognized as a top performing hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles in a recent patient perspective investigation. The hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles has built his reputation with years of dedication to his field and has distinguished himself as a leader in his field.
The hemorrhoid specialist Los Angeles can be found at his offices at 9001 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 104 Beverly Hills, CA 90211 or at http://colorectalmd.com/hemorrhoids/
Media Contact
Company Name: Colorectal Surgeon Beverly Hills
Contact Person: Allen Kamrava
Email: email@example.com
Phone: (424) 279-8222
City: Beverly Hills
State: CA
Country: United States
Website: http://colorectalmd.com/hemorrhoids/


text:
How to Prevent Dry, Frizzy Hair
3 Ways You Could Be Sabotaging Your Hair
If, despite your best efforts to keep your hair in prime condition, your hair is looking a little less than fabulous, the problem may be easier to remedy than you think. To see what you might inadvertently be doing to sabotage your hair, just keep reading.
- You're brushing it while it's wet: Wet hair is hair that's more elastic, and therefore can snap and break more easily. To prevent damage, use a wide-toothed comb, which is gentler on wet hair.
- You're heating things up . . . too much: Direct your blow dryer's flow across the inner part of your arm. "If you're burning your skin, you're burning your hair," explains Chaz Dean, celebrity hairstylist and founder of Wen Hair and Body Care by Chaz Dean. So to keep the heat intense enough to actually dry your hair without the singeing aftereffect, he recommends keeping the blow dryer in constant motion, and to "always blow-dry hair with a nozzle!"
- You're using the wrong styling brushes: Since metal, ceramic, or ionic brushes warm up even further when used with a blow dryer, these types of tools can also burn the hair. Dean suggests using wooden brushes with less-harsh nylon or boar bristles instead.


text:
Vesta Double Teardrop Rose Gold Pendant
Full of timeless glamour and chic, this necklace will complete your bridal look.read more
COVID-19 UPDATE: No shipping delays expected at this time.
FREE shipping to USA and Canada on orders over $100.
Processing time: In stock items are dispatched within 1 to 3 business days. Made to order items are dispatched within 3 to 7 days.
Shipping time:
USA, Canada: 2-4 business days
Australia: 3-7 business days
Europe: 2-4 business days
For more information visit our Shipping Policy page.
We hope you will love everything that you order from us, but if for any reason you are not completely satisfied with your purchase, you may return items for a refund within 14 days. Made to order items cannot be returned. Other exceptions apply.
For more information visit our Return Policy page.
Our jewelry is made with great attention to detail, so it can be a perfect gift for someone special. Every item comes perfectly packaged in our signature soft pink box.


text:
Stroke risk IS within our control, despite what Canadians believe Français
Feb 12, 2013, 08:00 ET
Like a retirement fund, the Health RRSP (Reduce the Risk of Stroke Plan) makes it easy for Canadians to make a long-term investment into their loved ones' health
BURLINGTON, ON, Feb. 12, 2013 /CNW/ - When it comes to our chance of having a stroke, the vast majority of Canadians wager that the odds are stacked against us. According to a new national survey, over 95 per cent of Canadians believe that stroke can happen to anyone1 : you, your family, your friends, your neighbours, and countless others. Some Canadians say there is nothing they can do to prevent a stroke from happening.1 What's more, almost one-third of those surveyed believe that having a stroke is largely out of their control1 and about one quarter of Canadians think that having a stroke is simply luck of the draw.1
The good news is that unbeknownst to many, there are steps that can be taken to take control and help reduce the risk of stroke - especially the most common kind of stroke, known as ischemic stroke.
During this time of year, when many Canadians are planning for their financial future, a new online program - the Health RRSP (Reduce the Risk of Stroke Plan) - makes it easy for Canadians to also invest in the future of their health and the health of their loved ones. This can start with a simple conversation with their doctor - a critical step that about 80 per cent of Canadians are not taking.1
Atrial fibrillation or AF is the most common heart rhythm disorder affecting up to 350,000 Canadians. People with AF are three to five times more at risk of having a stroke than those without the condition.2 After the age of 55, the incidence of AF doubles with each decade of life and after age 60, one-third of all strokes are caused by AF.3 Ischemic stroke (caused by an obstruction or blood clot in the brain) is the most common type of stroke.4 AF-related strokes tend to be more severe than those related to other conditions5 - so it is vital that Canadians take control of their health and the health of their loved ones.
"I've seen patients who suffered a stroke due to AF that likely could have been prevented," says Dr. Alan Bell, Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto. "Sometimes AF has no symptoms, which is why it is so important to have a doctor routinely check your heart rate for any abnormalities.2 There are medications today with favorable efficacy and safety profiles that have been shown to reduce the risk of AF-related strokes, especially ischemic strokes.6 What's great about the Health RRSP is that it reminds those at risk to take action now - when perhaps they thought there was nothing they could do."
The Health RRSP helps Canadians invest in their loved ones' health. By visiting StrokeAndAF.ca - an educational resource with information on AF and its link to stroke - Canadians can register their loved one by sending them a calendar notice to remind them to speak with their doctor about their risk.
For every person registered to the Health RRSP, a $5 donation will be made to the Heart and Stroke Foundation, to a maximum of $10,000. A live tracker on the website allows Canadians to see the impact of signing up their loved one.
"Healthy living is also important for reducing the chance of having a stroke," says Ian Joiner, director of stroke for the Heart and Stroke Foundation. "Information about the best options to reduce the various risk factors for stroke, including atrial fibrillation, can make a real difference in improving our health - now and into the future."
The survey also showed that the vast majority of Canadians know the warning signs of stroke (weakness, vision problems, headache, dizziness and trouble speaking)1,7 and to seek immediate medical help if they think they're having one. However, 80 per cent still wish they knew more about how to prevent a stroke from happening to them.1
According to Dr. Alan Bell, there are three simple things Canadians can do to invest in their health today.
"Taking action is what will make a difference. Register your loved one into the Health RRSP and help them learn as much as they can about AF and its connection to stroke. Make sure they talk to their doctor about their risk and if they have AF, take action to reduce their risk of all types of stroke, especially ischemic stroke. Finally, don't forget to share what you've learned with your network."
About Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd.
The Boehringer Ingelheim group is one of the world's 20 leading pharmaceutical companies. Headquartered in Ingelheim, Germany, it operates globally with 145 affiliates and more than 44,000 employees.
Since it was founded in 1885, the family-owned company has been committed to researching, developing, manufacturing and marketing novel products of high therapeutic value for human and veterinary medicine. As a central element of its culture, Boehringer Ingelheim pledges to act socially responsible. Involvement in social projects, caring for employees and their families, and providing equal opportunities for all employees form the foundation of the global operations. Mutual cooperation and respect, as well as environmental protection and sustainability are intrinsic factors in all of Boehringer Ingelheim's endeavours.
In 2011, Boehringer Ingelheim posted net sales of 13.2 billion euro while spending almost 24 per cent of net sales in its largest business segment Prescription Medicines on research and development.
The Canadian headquarters of Boehringer Ingelheim was established in 1972 in Burlington, Ontario, Canada. Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. is home to more than 750 employees including 170 scientists across the country.
About the Survey
A survey of 1,500 adult Canadians was completed online between November 19 - 22, 2012 using Léger Marketing's online panel, LegerWeb. A probability sample of the same size would yield a margin of error of +/- 2.5%, 19 times out of 20.
For more information please visit www.boehringer-ingelheim.ca
1 Leger Marketing. Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Survey Data Tables. November 23, 2012..; pages 9, 11, 13, 15, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27
2 Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Atrial Fibrillation http://www.heartandstroke.on.ca/site/c.pvI3IeNWJwE/b.3581877/k.A37/Stroke__Heart_disease__atrial_fibrillation.htm Accessed December 19, 2012
3 Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Statistics http://www.heartandstroke.on.ca/site/c.pvI3IeNWJwE/b.3581729/k.359A/Statistics.htm Accessed December 19, 2012
4 Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Atrial Fibrillation Fact Sheet 2010.
5 Lin HJ, Wolf PA, Kelly-Hayes M, et al. Stroke severity in atrial fibrillation: the Framingham study. Stroke 1996;27:1760-4
6 PRADAXA Product Monograph. December 24, 2012.
7 Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. 2009 Stroke Report Card.
http://www.heartandstroke.com/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=ikIQLcMWJtE&b=4955951&ct=7085089&src=report Accessed December 12, 2012
Image with caption: "Dr. Alan Bell - Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto (CNW Group/Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd.)". Image available at: http://photos.newswire.ca/images/download/20130212_C4667_PHOTO_EN_23537.jpg
Video with caption: "DVNR: Stroke risk IS within our control, despite what Canadians believe". Video available at: http://stream1.newswire.ca/cgi-bin/playback.cgi?file=20130212_C4667_VIDEO_EN_23545.mp4&posterurl=http://photos.newswire.ca/images/20130212_C4667_PHOTO_EN_23545.jpg&clientName=Boehringer%20Ingelheim%20%28Canada%29%20Ltd%2E&caption=DVNR%3A%20Stroke%20risk%20IS%20within%20our%20control%2C%20despite%20what%20Canadians%20believe&title=Stroke%20Risk%20&headline=Stroke%20risk%20IS%20within%20our%20control%2C%20despite%20what%20Canadians%20believe
Video with caption: "Video: B-Roll: raw broadcast video for download to support a story about controlling the risk of stroke". Video available at: http://stream1.newswire.ca/cgi-bin/playback.cgi?file=20130212_C4667_VIDEO_EN_23547.mp4&posterurl=http://photos.newswire.ca/images/20130212_C4667_PHOTO_EN_23547.jpg&clientName=Boehringer%20Ingelheim%20%28Canada%29%20Ltd%2E&caption=Video%3A%20B%2DRoll%3A%20raw%20broadcast%20video%20for%20download%20to%20support%20a%20story%20about%20controlling%20the%20risk%20of%20stroke&title=Risk%20of%20Stroke%20B%20Roll&headline=Stroke%20risk%20IS%20within%20our%20control%2C%20despite%20what%20Canadians%20believe
Image with caption: "Website Strokeandaf.ca (CNW Group/Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd.)". Image available at: http://photos.newswire.ca/images/download/20130212_C4667_PHOTO_EN_23560.jpg
PDF available at: http://stream1.newswire.ca/media/2013/02/12/20130212_C4667_DOC_EN_23564.pdf
SOURCE: Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd.
For further information:
For more information, please contact:
Jeanelle Frampton / Ana Veiga
Environics Communications
416-969-2670 / 416-969-2755
[email protected] / [email protected]


text:
Downloads (3)
Suggested downloads
More Tutorials (2)
Information on outside programs for your reference.
Everything you need to know about centova, shoutcast, icecast
New Clients (4)
New or existing clients can check here for how to's
Upgrades and Downgrades (4)
Learn how to upgrade your plan.
Video Tutorials (6)
Video tutorials on various shoutcast/icecast items
Everything you need to know about cpanel, whm, RVSitebuilder
Most Popular Articles
How do I get my FREE webhosting?
To qualify for the FREE web-hosting you need to have purchased a SHOUTcast or IceCast plan...What causes buffering issues and how can I fix them?
Buffering issues are common. There are two main causes. The first cause is...How to setup autodj
Click HereStream audio to your Shoutcast server without Auto DJ - LIVE / WIN AMP
It is very simple to stream your audio to your server, you will need a copy of Winamp with the...Setting up the Centova Cast Control Panel for the First Time
Powered by WHMCompleteSolution


text:
Too Sweet to Be Good?
The Potential Health Hazards of Artificial Sweeteners
SOURCE: Dynamic Chiropractic
By Claudia Anrig, DC
With worldwide obesity rates doubling in the past three decades, is it any surprise that artificial sweeteners have been gaining popularity? Beginning with the creation of saccharin, "sugar substitutes" have become the supposed answer to a dieter's prayer – and part of the daily diet of many of our children.
Let's review the various sugar substitutes on the market today to appreciate what they are and why they may not be the best option in terms of your patients' – and your – health.
Aspartame: NutraSweet or Equal
This sugar substitute was discovered in 1965 by accident while chemist James Schlatter was testing an anti-ulcer drug. [1] Aspartame gained FDA approval in 1981 and was approved in 1983 for use in carbonated beverages, where it is most commonly found now as the primary sweetener for most diet sodas. [2]
Aspartame accounts for over 75 percent of the adverse reactions to food additives reported to the FDA and has been linked to serious medical reactions. [3, 4] Researchers and physicians studying these reactions have concluded that the following chronic illnesses can worsen when ingesting aspartame: brain tumors, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, chronic fatigue syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's, mental retardation, lymphoma, birth defects, fibromyalgia, and diabetes. [4]
Yet despite and apparently disregarding these startling statistics, the United Kingdom's Scientific Committee on Food (SCF), in reviewing more than 500 papers published in the scientific literature between 1988 and 2001, determined that it was unnecessary to revise its earlier "risk assessment" or the acceptable daily intake of aspartame. According to the committee, 40 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day is an acceptable daily intake and will pose no risk to an adult. This is the equivalent of 14 cans of diet soda if the soft drink's manufacturer has opted to use the full amount allowable per 12 ounce can. [5]
The most popular of all sugar substitutes, aspartame is found in more than 6,000 food items on grocery store shelves, many of which you would never expect to contain it: yogurt, chewing gum, energy bars, gelatin snacks and more. [6]
Children and Aspartame
Of bigger concern is the amount of ingested items marketed to children that contain aspartame. Obviously the concern over childhood obesity has created a market for "diet" and "sugar free" foods that children can consume, but there are potential dangers to children that far outweigh the potential dangers to adults.
Aspartame releases aspartate (a neurotransmitter) during digestion. Aspartate is an excitatory amino acid that the brain actually needs and so is readily allowed to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), which is the barrier that protects the brain from harmful chemicals. The problem is that the BBB is not fully developed during childhood and may allow seepage of excess aspartate and glutamate into the brain. [4, 7, 8]
One of the roles of the nervous system is to control the concentration of excitatory amino acids; it does this by "pumping the excess back into glial cells, which surround the neurons and supply them with energy." [7] A compromised or underdeveloped BBB will eventually allow excitotoxins (aspartame) to cross, resulting in several adverse reactions such as the nerves being stimulated to fire excessively by the excitotoxins. [8]
The only way for the body to then restore the system requires normal enzymes, which are actually canceled by the phenylalanine and aspartic acid found in aspartame. These "compulsory enzyme reactions" require a healthy energy system, which has basically been compromised by the actual excessive firing of the neurons, potentially resulting in one or more of the following: [8]
- Diminishing intracellular ATP stores
- The presence of formaldehyde
- Intracellular calcium uptake being changed (e.g., phenylalanine binds to NMDA receptor, not glutamate, thus altering calcium channels)
- Cellular mitochondrial damage
- Destruction of the cellular wall
- Subsequent release of free radicals
In other words, aspartame consumption initiates a vicious cycle that potentially damages neurotransmitters in the brain and overworks the nervous and energy system.
Understanding the dangers involved with children consuming aspartame, it would make sense that parents are going to avoid anything that says "sugar free," "low calorie" or "diet" on the label. But many things include aspartame that you would not expect, such as Wrigley's Chewing Gum (several different flavors), General Mills Fiber One Cereals and Klondike Slim-A-Bear Ice Cream Sandwiches. Other unexpected sources of aspartame include Children's Tylenol (all flavors), PediaCare (all products), most store-brand children's fever reducers and pain relievers, as well as Flintstones Chewable Vitamins.
That being said, the only chance a parent has of making sure their children don't ingest any aspartame these days is to be a label reader. Since aspartame has been shown to cause severe reactions in people with phenylketonuria (a genetic disorder), it is easy to see if an item contains aspartame, as manufacturers are required to put the following warning on the label: "Phenylketonurics – Contains Phenylalanine." Generally this warning appears right below the nutrition facts.
Sucralose – Splenda
In 1976, this sugar substitute was discovered by Tate & Lyle scientists working with Queen Elizabeth College. A young chemist incorrectly thought a researcher told him to taste the powder they were working with and discovered that it was incredibly sweet; as much as 600 times sweeter than standard table sugar. [9]
Sucralose is advertised as being made from sugar and so has avoided the "bad press" that comes with being a chemical, when in fact it's exactly that, a chemical. Created by a patented chemical reaction (chlorination process) that, in simplified terms, removes three molecules of hydrogen and oxygen (or hydroxyls) and replaces them with chloride, sucralose is a manufactured product. [10]
According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, sucralose bears more chemical similarity to DDT (a banned pesticide) than it does to sugar, and since the resultant product does not exist in nature and was never intended to be consumed, our bodies don't know what to do with it once it's ingested. [11] Research has said that it's "safe," and McNeil Nutritionals claims it's not digested or metabolized by the body, so it has no calories. But the latest research suggests that up to 15 percent of sucralose is in fact absorbed in the digestive system and into fat cells. [11]
Saccharin – Sweet & Low
Discovered in 1879 by researchers at Johns Hopkins University, saccharin was a "boon to food manufacturers and consumers, especially those with diabetes," as it sweetened foods without causing a glucose reaction. After World War II and into the 1960s, when interest in weight control developed, saccharin became even more popular. [12]
It was only a short time later that saccharin became a health concern, and a 1977 study determined that it was causing cancer in lab mice. This resulted in a cancer warning being added to all items that contained this chemically produced sweetener. However, recent studies have been published claiming those lab results were inaccurate or overexaggerated, and suddenly saccharin has been deemed "safe." [13]
According to a report written in 1997 by the Center for the Science in Public Interest (CSPI), removing saccharin from the list of potential carcinogens is a mistake; the main concern is that doing so gives the public a "false sense of security." The CSPI report states, "If saccharin is even a weak carcinogen, this unnecessary additive would pose an intolerable risk to the public."
The next sugar substitute to hit the shelves, agave, may actually be just as bad for you as chemically created sweeteners. Made from the same plant as tequila, this syrup is generally not made from the sap, as is commonly believed, but is usually made from the pineapple-like root bulb using a process very similar to how cornstarch is converted to high-fructose corn syrup.
Once processed, agave has such a high fructose content that it's almost as bad for your body as high-fructose corn syrup. Although agave has become popular in the past few years as a "natural" sweetener, the question still arises: What is the source? If it isn't the sap taken directly from the leaves, then it should be considered chemically altered. [14]
Natural Sweeteners
Although it's best to leave things in its natural state, there might be times that a parent would like to sweeten something; or when baking, they may need a good sugar substitute. For those times, many wellness practitioners would recommend stevia. [15] The most natural of all low-calorie sweeteners, this plant is found in South America and has been used in Paraguay for centuries and Japan for decades. As with all sweeteners, the difference is where and how it's produced. Be sure to purchase all-natural stevia and avoid name-brand products (such as Truvia, Merisant, PureVia, etc.), as they are typically processed. [15]
Natural sweeteners are generally anything that is found sweet in its original form and does not require a chemical reaction to be formed. This would not include "corn sugar," which is just another name for high-fructose corn syrup.
The Sugar Problem
In an attempt to avoid using artificial sweeteners, parents may think regular sugar is acceptable because it's not a chemical. The truth is that the average child, even with these artificial sweeteners being so prevalent, is consuming more sugar than is healthy in their diet.
The average child consumes twice the amount of recommended daily sugar intake [16] and more than 42 percent of the added sugars in the daily diet come from sugary beverages. [17] The childhood obesity epidemic has become a serious concern, resulting in the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Health and Human Services releasing guidelines for marketing unhealthy food products to children in 2006. [18]
Very simply, things that are sweet should be a treat. They are not items that should be consumed daily. Whether it's an artificial sweetener, sugar – or even natural sugar from whole fruit – things that are sweet should not be a major part of a child's daily diet.
Parents need to be advised that eating items that have been chemically created is generally not a good idea. Artificial sweeteners such as saccharin, aspartame and sucralose have been reported to cause various adverse reactions such as headaches, migraines, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, blurred vision and seizures. [19]
Furthermore, research is showing that while our taste buds may be fooled by the sweet-tasting, but calorie-free treats we're allowing ourselves, our brains might not. Studies suggest the possibility that consuming low-calorie sweeteners may actually cause weight gain by confusing the body's ability to estimate caloric intake and resulting in overindulgence later. [20, 21]
The takeaway for parents is that a diet rich in whole, living foods is the only way to ensure that as a family, they are practicing a healthier lifestyle. A good rule of thumb is that if something tastes sweet, but has no calories or carbs, they can assume the sweetness is chemically created and should be avoided.
Review the rest of this article @:


text:
Mike Merlo
As president of Unione Siciliana, Mike Merlo was able to keep the peace among Chicago's various underworld factions during the early years of Prohibition. When he died of cancer in 1924, Al Capone set his sights on taking over control of the Unione and its fabulously profitable "alky" stills. First Angelo Genna and then Samoots Amatuna were murdered -- each within six months of taking over the Unione – paving the way for Capone's man to become president.
by Allan May
'In Chicago, the 'Unione' was in the early period of Prohibition engaged in a kind of piecework, sweatshop, alcohol-distilling enterprise. Hundreds of Sicilian immigrants were equipped with stills, and they sold their alcohol to the central organization.'
--Theft of the Nation, by Donald R. Cressey:
When Mike Merlo, the president of the Unione Siciliana died of cancer in late 1924, Chicago's Little Italy turned into a battlefield of competing bootleggers. At stake were the immense profits Prohibition had unleashed. His death would trigger a series of events that would change the face of Chicago's underworld, paving the way for Al Capone to gain control of the coveted Unione.
Ironically, Merlo's death did not create front-page headlines. In fact, below is the entire article from the back pages of the Chicago Daily Tribune covering his death:
Michael Merlo, 44, 433 Diversy Parkway, president of the Union Sicilian society and a leader of Chicago Italians in the Democratic party, died yesterday at his home of a complication of diseases. Mr. Merlo is survived by his wife and six children.
This was hardly a fitting accolade to Merlo's prestige in the community, especially in view of the $100,000 in floral tributes spent on his funeral.
Merlo was born in Sicily in 1880 and came to America when he was 9 years old. While rising in stature within the Unione Siciliana, he exploited the membership to increase his political power, but he was said to have had a genuine concern for the welfare of those in the community. Merlo worked hard to maintain the peace in the Chicago underworld. He had the respect of not only the Torrio/Capone mob and the Genna brothers, but also of the North Side Gang headed by Dion O'Bannion.
In Edward D. Sullivan's Rattling the Cup, he describes the Genna family as, 'the most tempestuous, vengeful and reckless family of fireworks that ever whirled itself to death and disorder in Chicago's crime history.' The six Genna brothers – Angelo, Antonio, Mike, Peter, Sam and Vincenzo – dominated bootlegging in the 19th Ward, now more popularly known as Little Italy. When Prohibition began they found there was a fortune to be made. The brothers were able to obtain a federal license to manufacture industrial alcohol. They then re-distilled the alcohol to make it palatable and sold it illegally. From their headquarters, a three-story warehouse on Taylor Street, they watched the money pour in and their product pour out. Soon they were unable to keep up with the demand.
Henry Spignola, a lawyer, businessman and politician, whose sister later married Angelo Genna, arrived at a solution to this problem. With financing from Johnny Torrio, the Gennas installed stills in the homes of Little Italy's residents. Beginning with a few hundred, the numbers of stills in these mostly tenement flats grew into the thousands. With relatively little work to be done, the still watchers earned $15 a day. As the Gennas' power and influence grew in Little Italy, the brothers jumped on the political bandwagon of 'Diamond Joe' Esposito, the Republican ward boss. They also had a large number of policemen from the Maxwell Street Station on their payroll protecting their alky-cooking operations from harassment. Five police captains were said to be included in their payroll.
With their immensely successful alky cooking operations the Gennas soon had a surplus of bootleg alcohol and began to push the product outside of their agreed upon territory. As they moved north and east they butted heads with Dion O'Bannion's North Side Gang. O'Bannion supplied a better product compared to the Gennas' 'rot gut' whiskey, so the brothers tried to level the playing field by lowering their prices by $3 to $6 a gallon.
O'Bannion could be savage and unpredictable. Out of respect for Torrio, whose genius had helped establish the individual gang territories in the city, O'Bannion complained to him instead of declaring war on the Gennas. Torrio's influence was enough to make the Gennas recede, although there remained a few border skirmishes.
In the spring of 1924, O'Bannion hijacked a shipment of the Gennas' alcohol and the precarious peace was teetering. Both Torrio and Merlo used their persuasive talents to keep the Gennas from retaliating. Then O'Bannion dropped a bombshell. He went to Torrio and told him that he had had enough and that he was retiring to Colorado. O'Bannion asked Torrio to purchase his share of the Sieben Brewery, which they jointly owned. The price was $500,000.
O'Bannion had been informed that the Chicago police had plans to raid the brewery. O'Bannion concocted a plan to make sure Torrio was there when the raid took place. Since this would be Torrio's second prohibition violation, if convicted, he faced certain prison time. During the early hours of May 19, 1924, Torrio, O'Bannion and 29 others were arrested at the brewery. Torrio soon realized O'Bannion's treachery. In addition to the humiliation of the arrest, O'Bannion refused to return the money Torrio had paid him for his share of the brewery.
In the weeks following the raid, hostilities increased between the North Siders and the Gennas. During this time it was reported that O'Bannion's second in command, Hymie Weiss, suggested caution in the gang's activities against the brothers. O'Bannion is said to have replied with a snarling, 'Oh, to hell with them Sicilians.' These words quickly got back to the Gennas and their allies – Torrio and Capone.
Over the summer of 1924 and into the fall, Mike Merlo was still preaching peace and discouraging any plans to kill O'Bannion. Torrio and the Gennas bided their time. O'Bannion had part ownership in a Cicero gambling den called the Ship. He, Weiss and fellow North Sider, Vincent 'the Schemer' Drucci would stop by weekly for their split of the profits. On Nov. 3, they met Capone at the Ship, where he was surrounded by three Franks – Maritote, Nitti and Rio. As Capone was divvying up the profits, he told O'Bannion that Angelo Genna had lost a lot of money at the club the previous week. In addition to dropping an untold amount of money, young Angelo had run up a $30,000 marker. Capone suggested that as a courtesy to Genna that they tear up the IOU. O'Bannion responded by heading to the nearest telephone and ordering Angelo Genna to make good on the marker within the week.
This incident proved to be the last straw. Five days later, Mike Merlo succumbed to cancer. The Torrio/Capone/Genna forces, who had capitulated to Merlo's pleas for peace, used the Unione Siciliana leader's passing to initiate their plot to murder O'Bannion. On Sunday night, Nov. 9, Vincenzo Genna arrived at Schofield's flower shop, which O'Bannion jointly owned (he had a love for arranging flowers). Genna picked up a $750 wreath – casing the shop before he departed. Later that evening, Frank Uale (pronounced and sometimes spelled Yale), at onetime Capone's New York City mentor and recognized as the national head of the Unione Siciliana, called Schofield's and placed a $2,000 flower order (some references say it was Angelo Genna who placed the call). The order was to be picked up at the shop the following morning.
Around 11:30 a.m. Monday, Nov. 10, three men entered Schofield's flower shop. Two were members the Unione Siciliana and would gain a reputation as Chicago's most proficient killers – Albert Anselmi and John Scalise. The third man was never positively identified, although he was believed to be either Frank Uale or Mike Genna. A porter sweeping up in the back room watched either Uale or Genna shake O'Bannion's hand. As the porter turned his back to continue his chore he heard five gun shots. Turing back around he could see the man was still grasping O'Bannion's hand. The North Side gang leader was killed instantly.
Before Merlo died, a lieutenant, believed to be Anthony Lombardo, hired a sculptor to create a wax likeness of the Unione Siciliana leader's head. Done in a tint that mirrored Merlo's skin tone, the waxen head was taken back to a studio to be completed. Matching brown eyes were implanted and eyebrows and eyelashes made from actual black and gray human hair were added. The head was mounted on a copper wire frame built to match Merlo's measurements. A suit of blue flowers completed the effigy. At the funeral home, it was said that 'fear gripped' the thousands of mourners who came to pay their respects until their eyes became accustomed to the candle lit likeness of the former leader.
Merlo's funeral was held on Nov. 13. Three thousand mourners gathered around his home the day of the funeral and followed the procession to St. Clement's Church for high mass. The 266-car cortege made its way to Mount Carmel Cemetery led by the life-sized effigy of Merlo. At the cemetery the crowd of mourners swelled to 10,000. Among the honorary pallbearers were Mayor William E. Dever, State Atty. Robert E. Crowe, Police Chief Morgan A. Collins, and Cook County board president and future mayor, Anton J. Cermak. The following day Dion O'Bannion was buried in the same cemetery.
Police arrested Uale several days later as he was at the train station on his way back to New York. Samoots Amatuna provided an airtight alibi for Uale by producing a waiter who swore he had served lunch to the two men at the Palmer House restaurant while the murder was taking place. This, plus the fact that it would have been questionable for Uale to use his name while ordering the flowers and then showing up to murder O'Bannion, led some crime historians to believe it was Mike Genna who actually held the hand of the North Side leader that day,
O'Bannion's death would be avenged. In January 1925, a North Side hit squad consisting of Weiss, Drucci and George 'Bugs' Moran shot and seriously wounded Johnny Torrio outside his apartment. Torrio eventually recovered, served his sentence from the Sieben Brewery raid, and left Chicago behind. Capone took over the Chicago rackets and would battle the North Side followers of O'Bannion in a war that raged on for four more years culminating in the St. Valentine's Day massacre.
Angelo Genna:
Angelo Genna, the youngest and most volatile of the six brothers would take Merlo's position as president of the Unione Siciliana. Angelo was one of the top gunmen during Anthony D'Andrea's ill-fated attempt to take over the Democratic political leadership of the 19th Ward. Of the estimated 30 murders that took place during that war the only person ever prosecuted was 'Bloody' Angelo – for the killing of Paul Labriola. At the trial, Angelo was ably defended by D'Andrea's friend, Stephen Malato, who resigned his position as assistant state's attorney to handle the case.
Angelo also went free for the murder of Paul Notti in 1922 even though Notti, from his deathbed, had identified Genna. The defense was able to prove that Notti was under the influence of an opiate at the time for pain; the judge tossed the confession out. In August 1922, Angelo interceded for two friends in a Mann Act violation, where a 15-year-old girl was taken across state lines for purposes of prostitution. On the day before the trial was to get underway, Angelo stopped the young lady on the street and told her if she testified that he would kill both her and her mother. The brave girl went to court and exposed the threat. Angelo Genna was sentenced to Leavenworth Penitentiary for a year for the threat in November 1922.
With Merlo's death the Torrio/Capone combine saw the opportunity to install its own man as head of the Unione Siciliana. Antonio Lombardo was a friend of Capone and the Aiello brothers, with whom he was a partner in a cheese business. Capone felt his relationship with Frank Uale, the national head of the Unione, would help him get Lombardo the top position, and this would eventually lead to Capone's control of Little Italy's alky cookers.
This plan of the Neapolitan Capone didn't sit well with the Sicilian Gennas, who, as members of the hierarchy of the Unione, saw the position of president as one of prestige and honor among their Sicilian brethren. The brothers quickly lobbied the rank and file and pressed hard to put Angelo in as the next president. Capone, unhappy at the turn of events, bided his time under the patient leadership of Johnny Torrio.
Capone biographer Laurence Bergreen gives us the following account:
'The selection of Merlo's successor provoked Frankie Yale to return to Chicago. As head of the powerful New York branch of the Unione, Yale had considerable influence over the selection of who would fill the corresponding post in Chicago. He conferred with Torrio and Capone, and the three men decided to appoint Angelo Genna …who wanted only to see Dion O'Bannion in his coffin. As the new president of the Unione Sicilione, Angelo had no objection to the immediate elimination of a certain North Side bootlegger who had recently humiliated him on the telephone over a little IOU.'
On Jan. 10, 1925, after his ascension to the Unione Siciliana throne, Angelo Genna got married. Kenneth Allsop in his classic work, The Bootleggers: The Story of Prohibition, claims, 'They (the brothers) had married off Angelo to Lucille, younger sister of an important member of the Sicilian community. The marriage was a happy consummation of this business bond, the fusion of money and blood in the manner which the Sicilians valued.'
The wedding was viewed as a 'social and commercial conquest.' Angelo advertised the blessed event in the newspaper with an invitation to the entire neighborhood – 'Come one, come all.' Three thousand 'guests' were in attendance at Carmen's Hall of the Ashland Auditorium on the city's West Side. The highlight of the reception was a 12-foot high, 2,000-pound wedding cake. Described as the 'most elaborately decorated cake ever baked in Chicago,' it was designed by a local artist/sculptor.
The newly married couple moved into a $400 a month hotel suite on Sheridan Road near Mayor William Hale 'Big Bill' Thompson's home, just north of the Gold Coast. The honeymoon would be a short one. Four months had passed since the wounding of Johnny Torrio. During this relative calm only two underworld murders had been recorded – Walter O'Donnell, the brother of Spike, and Harry Hassmiller were murdered in a roadhouse in Evergreen Park, Ill., on April 17. The calm was about to end and the killings that followed did not favor the Gennas.
Packing a wad of cash totaling $11,000 into his pocket, Angelo Genna kissed his 18 year-old wife Lucille goodbye and headed out the door on the morning of May 25, 1925. Angelo was on his way to purchase a dream home Lucille desired in Oak Park. As Angelo tooled down Ogden Avenue in a new $6,000 roadster, a sedan with four men in it began to overtake him.
At the sound of sawed-off shotgun blasts, Angelo floored the gas pedal and the chase down Ogden Avenue reached speeds of 60 miles-per-hour. Angelo, who always carried at least two guns, pulled one from a belt holster and returned fire. At Hudson Avenue, Angelo tried unsuccessfully to negotiate a turn. His car crashed into a lamppost and Angelo was momentarily stunned by the collision. The sedan pulled broadside and the assassins fired a barrage at the helpless man.
The sedan sped away and when bystanders arrived they found Genna trying to reach for his second gun, the first lay emptied nearby. One of the shotgun blasts had severed his spine. Angelo was taken to Evangelical Deaconess Hospital. As he lay mortally wounded on the operating table a detective sergeant gave him the bad news.
'You're going to die, Angelo,' he said. 'Tell us who bumped you off.'
Genna shrugged his shoulders in arrogance.
Lucille Spignola Genna was rushed to the hospital. Calling him 'sweetheart' she asked who had shot him. Genna shook his head and soon died. Sam Genna, who had arrived too late, Lucille and Peter Spignola were taken to the detective bureau where they were questioned by Chief of Detectives William Schoemaker and Captain John Stege. No information was forthcoming other than, 'Angelo had no enemies, everybody liked him.'
At the coroner's inquest, a young man came forward to say that he was close enough to see the license plate number of the killer's automobile. A check of motor vehicle records showed the car had been stolen two weeks before the murder. Without a clear-cut explanation, police attributed the murder to the North Side gang in retaliation for the killing of O'Bannion and claimed that Weiss, Drucci and Moran were three of the four men in the car, the driver of which was alleged to be Frank Gusenberg, one of three brothers in the gang.
Angelo Genna's funeral procession consisted of 300 automobiles, 30 containing flowers. The Catholic Church denied him a church ceremony and burial in consecrated ground. Genna's active pallbearers were all members of the Unione Siciliana. Among the mourners were a state senator, two state representatives, 'Diamond Joe' Esposito, and Al Capone. Oddly enough, Alderman John Powers, whose associates were murdered by 'Bloody Angelo,' was also in attendance. In a unique twist to this funeral, Angelo's 'crepe-hung,' shotgun-peppered roadster was towed along.
Angelo's death and the loss of leadership of the Unione Siciliana were the least of the remaining brothers' worries. Capone had covertly stolen away the firepower of the Gennas – Scalise and Anselmi. On June 13, 1925, Mike Genna was killed by a police officer interrupting what crime historians believed to be a one-way ride for him by Scalise and Anselmi. On July 8, Antonio was murdered on the street. In a period of 44 days three of the Genna brothers were killed. Later, on Jan. 10, 1926, Angelo's brother-in-law, Henry Spignola was murdered. The remaining Genna brothers – Peter, Sam and Vincenzo – fled to Sicily. The Genna family's reign over the Unione Siciliana had lasted a little over six months.
'Samoots' Amatuna:
Samoots, whose real name was Samuel Samuzzo Amatuna, had a short but colorful career in the underworld. Called the 'Beau Brummel of Little Italy' by the newspapers, his rise and fall paralleled that of the Genna family with whom Amatuna was once closely associated.
In 1916, at the age of 17, Amatuna's rise in the crime world began when he was credited with the murder of D'Andrea foe Frank Lombardi on Feb. 21. Five years later, on March 8, 1921, he was a participant in a Genna hit team that killed both Paul A. Labriola and Harry Raimondi. In the Maxwell Street neighborhood where he was so popular, Amatuna had the reputation of a tough guy who never carried a gun. Apparently when he did carry one, he was accustomed to using it.
In the wake of Angelo Genna's murder, and without the blessing from New York, Amatuna seized the opportunity to make himself head of the Unione Siciliana. He accomplished this by hiring two bodyguards, Edward Zion and Abraham Goldstein, and then walking into the Unione headquarters and proclaiming himself the boss.
The real muscle of the Genna gang came from the killing duo of Scalise and Anselmi, who, unbeknownst to Amatuna and other Genna loyalists, had switched allegiance to Capone. The two were facing separate trials for the recent murders of two police officers who were killed during the ill-fated attempt to murder Mike Genna. Amatuna busied himself and his men with raising $100,000 for their legal defense.
While this was going on, Antonio Genna was murdered and the remaining three brothers fled town. This left Amatuna with the unenviable task of trying to regroup the remnants of the once powerful Genna organization.
In addition to rebuilding an underworld empire left in shambles, Amatuna was also planning his wedding, which was to 'set a new high-mark in the festivities of the kind.' Amatuna was engaged to Rose Pecorara, the sister-in-law of the late Unione president Mike Merlo. The wedding was planned for the previous December, but postponed when Merlo passed away.
On Tuesday night, Nov. 10, 1925 Amatuna and his fiancée had tickets to attend the opera to hear Aida. As was his custom before any social event, Amatuna visited his barber at the corner of Halsted and Roosevelt. After receiving a shave and a manicure, Amatuna was preparing to leave when two men entered the busy shop and drew guns. As the pair started shooting, Amatuna ducked behind a chair while barbers and customers dove for cover. Both gunmen fired four times each, but only one bullet struck Amatuna, entering his neck and coming out his back below the shoulder blade. Friends of Amatuna's standing outside the shop rushed in after the gunmen fled and carried him to a taxi which took him to the hospital.
At Jefferson Park Hospital Dr. Gaetano Rongo, the former D'Andrea supporter attended to Amatuna. The bullet that entered Amatuna's neck passed close to his spinal cord. Doctors feared that if he lived he would be paralyzed. Amatuna lingered through Wednesday, but by Thursday afternoon he knew he was dying. His brother had spent the afternoon canceling wedding arrangements that had been made for the following week. Meanwhile, preparations were underway for a deathbed wedding for late Thursday night. Before the ceremony could begin, Amatuna slipped into a coma. At 2 a.m. Friday morning he was pronounced dead.
The wake was held on Nov. 16 at Miss Pecorara's home where $20,000 worth of floral arrangements spilled out onto the front lawn, back lawn and neighbors' lawns. The following day the funeral cortege wove its way through Little Italy, passing the barbershop where Amatuna was shot. The procession ended at Mount Carmel Cemetery where Amatuna was placed in a temporary vault. His body would soon be sent home to his native Sicily where it would be buried in consecrated ground with much pomp.
A friend of Amatuna's, speaking anonymously, told a reporter after the shooting, that the relationship between Amatuna and the Genna's had soured sometime before Amatuna took over the Unione. Amatuna had confided to a policeman friend that he was in debt some $22,000 due to the money he had to cough up for the Scalise and Anselmi defense fund. Meanwhile, the police, incensed over the killing of two fellow officers, kicked over all of the stills in the Maxwell Street territory of the Gennas. Amatuna complained, 'More than half of those stills were mine.' The friend stated that each time Amatuna set up a new still, 'it cost him $800 to $1,000, and every time he set one up the police came along and kicked it over again.'
After Amatuna's funeral his ex-bodyguards were next to go. On Nov. 18, after returning from the funeral, two men shot Edward Zion to death in his driveway. On Nov. 20, Abraham Goldstein was shot twice in the head while standing in a drug store.
Over the years the killers of Amatuna were believed to be Jim Doherty of the West Side O'Donnell gang and Vincent Drucci of the North Side gang. In his book Mr. Capone, author Robert Schoenberg presents a logical argument that the killers were actually members of the Capone mob instead of Doherty and Drucci. Whatever the case, Capone was certainly the one who benefited. Finally he was able to get his own man into the presidency of the Unione Siciliana, and second, he now believed he had the Genna's 'fabulously profitable alky-cooking empire' to himself.
Amatuna's time atop the Unione Siciliana leadership was under six months, just weeks short of Angelo Genna's reign.
Next: Part III of Chicago's Unione Siciliana: 1920 – A Decade of Slaughter
Capone finally gets his man, Anthony Lombardo, in as president of the Unione Siciliana. Lombardo's murder at the hands of the Aiello brothers sparks another gang war. Capone's men murder national president Frank Uale in New York, and Unione Siciliana representatives from around the country arrive in Cleveland to discuss a new leader.
Allan May's e-mail address is: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Sky v Skykick headed to ECJ on breadth of registrations; answers will be significant for all brand owners
Reset password
Register to access two of our subscriber only articles per month.
Subscribe for unlimited access to articles, in-depth analysis and research from the World Trademark Review experts.
@WTRmagazine Still time to nominate for the 2021 WTR Industry Awards and WTR 300 projects. https://t.co/8KfZRNdqjk https://t.co/2UkxSm6q1m Read more
@WTRmagazine WTR Brand Elite: exclusive data reveals computing and software companies suffered major share price drop in Septemb… https://t.co/6EfD4ShKWn Read more
@WTRmagazine Innovation at the Korean Intellectual Property Office: spotlight on cutting-edge tools and services.… https://t.co/FBlWw9TXuE Read more
@WTRmagazine Coca-Cola to discontinue 200 brands; hoax Woolworths causes stir; adidas mulls Reebok sale – news digest.… https://t.co/9QnIYzncFV Read more


text:
Bill, Hillary and the Haiti Debacle
Haitians are upset by the reconstruction effort managed by the Clintons.
The news website Tout Haiti reported last month that two prominent lawyers have petitioned Haiti's Superior Court of Auditors and Administrative Disputes, demanding an audit of Bill Clinton's management of the Interim Haiti Recovery Commission (IHRC). There are powerful interests that won't want to see the petition succeed and it may go nowhere. But the sentiment it expresses is spreading fast. In the immortal words of Charlie Brown, Mr. Clinton has gone from hero to goat.
To Read the Full Story


text:
LOS ANGELES, USA – A groundbreaking language learning app pledges to make attaining proficiency in any language easy for all. Specifically designed to cater to the needs of the 3-10 year-old crowd, Zangu by AITeachU helps kids achieve conversational fluency in any chosen instructed language, in as little as one or two months.
Placing emphasis on laying a strong, error-free lingual foundation, Zangu aims to tackle the three most common issues faced by second language learners, namely "the inability to speak out, bad accents, and difficulties in hearing."
Fledgling language speakers become accustomed and are prompted to speak in the language of instruction through "proper and constructive" interaction with the Zangu app, which mimics a real-world environment that is conducive to fast language acquisition.
Forgoing traditional, dated teaching techniques, the Zangu app provides a close simulation of the actual learning settings a native language speaker would encounter when being taught her own language. Without using a single letter, and focusing, instead, on heightening auditory perception, Zangu app users have shown dramatic improvement in pronunciation and enunciation, as well as in their listening skills.
While developed for kids, adults can too benefit from Zangu's easy-to-follow, intuitive teaching, either to learn a new language themselves, or to keep up with one they are already familiar with, but have long to have make any practice of.
"Zangu sets a new frontier for language learning apps. Making the best of AI technology, Zangu has proven efficiency in helping app users feel comfortable in conversing in a new language in record time." said Mrs. Julie M. Anderson, AITeachU's media representative.
She continued, "Zangu makes an invaluable educational tool in school settings, as it can facilitate communication among teachers and students of different backgrounds – breaking the language barrier, and bringing people closer together. Multi-linguals have also shown great interest in the app, as it makes learning a second or third language feel both effortless and enjoyable."
The app can be downloaded for free from the iTunes store, while it will soon become available for the Android and web platforms, too.
To learn more about AITeachU, please visit: http://www.aiteachu.com/
See also, a video commercial here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3eCWFWoo_YDeDktTXg3Zm1KVFU/view?usp=sharing
Twitter & Instagram: @Blu PR
Media Contact
Company Name: Blu Public Relations
Contact Person: Julie M. Anderson
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: 760.505.7381
Country: United States
Website: http://www.blupublicrelations.com/


text:
GameFly will launch a new program through which subscribers can rent PC titles that will be delivered digitally instead of through the mail.
GameFly is best known for its game rental service where customers can have differing numbers of games out at a time—much like the original Netflix. The new digital storefront allows subscribers to play PC games at no additional charge; access to the games is cut off when you end your subscription. The announcement comes three months after GameFly purchased Direct2Drive from IGN.
"It's kind of like a Spotify or Rhapsody or a Napster," GameFly co-founder Sean Spector told USA Today. "You have access to the content as long as you are a subscriber but when you are no longer a member, the content then disappears."
A closed beta of the downloadable client will launch early next month, while the full version is expected to be available in time for the holidays. Around 100 games are expected to be available for download initially, and the service will be PC only to start (Mac games will be available at a later date). Based on the teaser trailer, it looks like the service may already have support from major publishers like Ubisoft.
Of course, GameFly isn't the first to offer a digital subscription-based rental service, as GameTap already provides a similar experience. The main difference is that the GameFly service is tied to the disc-rental business—as of now GameFly has no plans to offer a digital-only subscription option, according to Joystiq.
You can sign up for the closed beta, which begins on September 8, here.


text:
© ® The Nobel Foundation
IPCC honoured with
2007 Nobel Peace Prize
Phone: +41-22-730-8208 /84/54
Figure SPM.9: Cumulative emissions reductions for alternative mitigation measures for 2000 to 2030 (left-hand panel) and for 2000-2100 (right-hand panel). The figure shows illustrative scenarios from four models (AIM, IMAGE, IPAC and MESSAGE) aiming at the stabilization at 490-540 ppm CO2-eq and levels of 650 ppm CO2-eq, respectively. Dark bars denote reductions for a target of 650 ppm CO2-eq and light bars the additional reductions to achieve 490-540 ppm CO2-eq. Note that some models do not consider mitigation through forest sink enhancement (AIM and IPAC) or CCS (AIM) and that the share of low-carbon energy options in total energy supply is also determined by inclusion of these options in the baseline. CCS includes carbon capture and storage from biomass. Forest sinks include reducing emissions from deforestation. [Figure 3.23]


text:
Volatile world
How will you survive?
Embark on a desperate mission as Ellen Ripley's daughter Amanda to discover the truth behind her mother's disappearance.
Set 15 years after the events of Alien, you'll find yourself travelling through an increasingly desolate and volatile world inhabited by a desperate, panicked population – and a ruthless, unpredictable alien.
Underpowered and unprepared, you'll have to rely on your wits to scavenge resources and improvise solutions to succeed in your mission and survive the horror around you.


text:
Article applies to: Liquid Mix 16 and 32.
The Liquid Mix Installer can wrap and install RTAS versions of the Liquid Mix plugins. The Liquid Mix must be connected to the computer before running the installer.
PLEASE NOTE: The RTAS plugins generated by the installer will only work with ProTools LE or TDM version 7.0 or greater. They are not compatible with 6.x versions of ProTools. However, if you own a previous version of FXpansion (v1.x), you can wrap the VST plugins yourself.
Pro Tools TDM and Pro Tools LE differ in the way Delay compensation that is implemented. Pro Tools LE users have a limited delay compensation feature set, where all audio paths apart from wrapped plug-in slots are delay compensated. MIDI is also not delay compensated and so a manual offset has to be set-up in the preferences menu. Pro Tools HD has a full ADC feature set and can deal with most delay issues without manual configuration being required. Please read your Pro Tools User Guide, which details the use of delay compensation.
Pro Tools 7 LE includes a plugin called Time Adjuster which can be used to delay audio tracks by a certain number of samples. This is a useful way of manually setting delay compensation for tracks which are not delayed by the Liquid Mix plugin. The simplest way to set this up is to use two separate buses: one for audio tracks with Liquid Mix plugins inserted, and another bus for those without. This way, only one time adjuster plugin is required to adjust all non-delayed audio tracks. A typical busing setup is shown in the screenshot below (Click to see a full size version).


text:
31 years in the same office location proves patience and determination, but at one point the office space that for many years had managed color film processing, digital scanning, paper catalog storage, etc, was simply no longer suitable for the present requirements for IT developments, communications, websites and virtual business models. This is why age fotostock decided to move to a new location.
P99 (99 Pallars Street) is the new centre for professionals in 22@ district, Barcelona, a district of excellence with clusters of nearly 2,000 highly dynamic firms in the fields of media, energy and design. 22@ is the most important project of urban transformation in Barcelona in recent years, transforming two hundred hectares of industrial land of Poblenou into an innovative district offering modern spaces for the strategic concentration of intensive knowledge-based activities.
Sprung from a determination to unite the business community in the area, P99 is a modern building which conveys and sustains well-being. It is spacious and bright and is located in a site which provides a high quality of life due to both the vitality and the tranquility of its surroundings. This makes it an ideal setting to develop forward thinking projects and business activity.
"At some point," says Alfonso Gutiérrez, CEO of age fotostock, "you have to be within the culture you belong to, and as we are well immersed in developing the technology suitable for close to 90 distributors around the world, we are delighted be moving into an environment alongside our contemporaries in similar fields."
age fotostock
Pallars 99, office 21
08018 Barcelona (España)
Tel. (34) 93 300 25 52


text:
Litchfield farm recovering from devastating fire
Landmark returns in May
A local landmark will return as planned in May, despite being heavily damaged by a fire.
On Friday, a building on Wilson Farm in Litchfield caught fire, destroying crops, seeds and everything the farm needs to remain in operation.
"You don't realize what has happened for really a couple of days. Then you start trying to put stuff together and you find there's nothing left," said Don Wilson, owner of Wilson Farms.
For Wilson, it's not just part of his business that went up in smoke, it's the memories too. Since the 1960s, Wilson's family operated Wilson farms in Litchfield.
"When you go back that many generations, it's in your blood," he said.
Wilson said he is grateful no one was injured and no animals were hurt.
The fire, however, destroyed thousands of dollars in equipment, including four tractors, a truck, as well as produce and seeds.
"We haven't (got) a pencil to write on a piece of paper. We haven't got a hammer to drive a nail. It goes from there all the way down the line," Wilson said.
The building's primary use was for storing winter vegetables, housing equipment, as well as washing and packing produce. Chemicals and pesticides were housed in another building.
Wilson said the fire did $1 million in damage.
The cause of the fire is undetermined, firefighters said.
"It's unknown. (Firefighters) said it spread so fast. They were in here investigating, and they couldn't come up with anything," Wilson told News 9.
The Wilson family also has a farm in Lexington, Mass., where they'll get supplies, so business can continue.
"Everybody has been so helpful. Neighbors and people we didn't know came in. People who had trucking companies said, 'If you need anything, take one of our trucks,'" Wilson said.
Wilson said Continental Paving came and left an excavator without him even asking.
"They have been great," he said.


text:
Federal defenders face deep budget cuts; warn of delays in justice system
PROVIDENCE, R.I. (AP) � The lawyers who defend the nation's poor in federal courts are grappling with budget cuts they and others say will decimate their offices, delay criminal cases and jeopardize the fairness of the criminal justice system.
The cuts of around 10 percent have forced some of the nation's 94 offices of federal defenders to lay people off. Many will force staffers take off six weeks or more without pay before Sept. 30.
A federal defender in Virginia says he will not be able to take complicated death penalty or terrorism cases.
Any cases defenders offices can't take will be assigned to private lawyers at a rate of $125 per hour.
Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer this month told a congressional subcommittee the cuts would cost the government more in the long run.