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Counsel from the Cross
- Elyse M. Fitzpatrick, Dennis E. Johnson
- 2009 18 Aug
EDITOR'S NOTE: The following is an excerpt from Counsel From The Cross by Elyse M. Fitzpatrick and Dennis E. Johnson (Crossway).
Connecting Broken People to the Love of Christ
What Do You See?
Therefore be imitators of God, as beloved children.
I (ELYSE) HAVE LIVED less than a quarter of a mile from Interstate 15, one of the busiest freeways in California, for about eight years now, and because of that I've had firsthand experience with what is commonly referred to as "white noise." Although this busy freeway is so very nearby, I'm rarely aware of it; its persistent hum has become background noise to me. Of course, if there is a semi rolling down the stretch near my home and the driver lets his foot off the accelerator, I'll hear the popping of his engine, but generally speaking I don't even know that the freeway is there. It has become white noise, and I'm glad that my brain tunes it out, because at my age I don't need any more distractions.
While I am thankful for this innate ability to ignore unimportant, repetitive sound, I'm afraid that we don't do a very good job differentiating between what we need to pay attention to and what can be safely ignored. To be more specific, I fear that familiarity with certain biblical concepts is liable to make them seem insignificant to us. I'm afraid that we unintentionally strip certain concepts of importance and prominence and relegate them to the category of white noise —we recognize they are there, but we just don't pay much attention to them.
What Are You Aware Of? Please look again at the verse with which I opened this chapter, Ephesians 5:1. Now, let me ask you a question: What do you see? When you read those eight words, what were you most impressed by? Close your eyes for a moment and try to recall its message.
If you are familiar with the New Testament, you might have recognized the passage and were probably most aware of the command to imitate God, both because a command to imitate God is astonishing and because it's not something most of us would think we have mastered. Of course, we realize that there are other words in the verse—"therefore" and "as beloved children"—but because we think we have already understood or mastered the truth that God forgave us (4:32, to which "therefore" points), and that we are his beloved children, we gloss over them. The "therefore" and "as beloved children" are white noise to our spiritual ears. We filter these words out; they have become irrelevant. And when that happens, it changes the message of the verse and, ultimately, of the entire Bible.
When all we see in Ephesians 5:1 is the command to imitate God, our thoughts will turn inward onto ourselves, our efforts, and our record. If we fancy ourselves serious Christians and all we see in this verse is our duty, then we will probably spend a few moments thinking that we need to be more conscientious about obedience. Oh, yes, yes, I can see that I need to try harder at imitating God. Or, if we are painfully aware of our ongoing failure to be godly, despair will flood our hearts and we will feel confused and overwhelmed by such a command. Imitate God? How could I ever possibly do that? I'm already such a failure! However, if you are someone who helps others apply Scripture to their lives, you might immediately think, "Now, there's a verse I could use with so-and-so!" thereby deflecting the command off of yourself.
You see, if certain concepts in Scripture have become white noise to us, it will be all too easy to read a verse like Ephesians 5:1 and see only its obligations. I, too, can see myself using the verse to develop a list of the attributes of God and then making a plan to implement those attributes in my daily life. God is holy, merciful, righteous and just. This month I will concentrate on being holy. I'll research what it means and then I'll try to implement it in my life. Next month I'll . . . Because I'm like you, if you asked me what I saw in that verse I would tell you, "We're called to imitate God."
Our propensity to disregard the familiar can be so very detrimental to our faith. When the rest of the verse, "therefore" and "as beloved children," has become white noise to our spiritual ears, we will quickly gloss over it without stopping to consider why it's there or what it's meant to tell us. We won't think to ask why the Holy Spirit positioned such a daunting command in the context of such familiar words. Instead, we will be quick to strip out the familiar and boil down Scripture to a tidy little take-away list of do's and don'ts.
What actually gets relegated to this position of irrelevance is nothing less than the glorious gospel of Jesus Christ, nothing less than Jesus' accomplishments through his incarnation, sinless life, death, resurrection, and ascension. Because we are so familiar with the gospel message, it gets shoved to the periphery of our spiritual consciousness and becomes nothing more than words to be remembered at Christmas and Easter. The truths represented by "therefore" and "as beloved children" are like the constant din of the Interstate 15—unless someone draws your attention to them, they just don't register.
When we lose those truths, what takes center stage in our awareness? We do, of course. When we lose the centrality of the cross, Christianity morphs into a religion of self-improvement and becomes about us, about our accomplishments, and about getting our act together. We become people who ask WWJD (What would Jesus do?)1 without ever considering the gospel or WDJD (What did Jesus do?). Although most of us recognize that Jesus' work is somehow tied to our work, we don't know quite how or why. For instance, if I asked you how the ascension informs and impacts your life today, would you be able to tell me?
To illustrate how detrimental it is to push gospel declarations out to the margins of our awareness, let's see what "therefore" and "as beloved children" from Ephesians 5:1 tell us.
You Are Forgiven
Ephesians 4:32, the verse that immediately precedes Ephesians 5:1, reminds us of a wonderful truth: God in Christ has forgiven us. When Paul commands Christians to imitate God, he does so in light of a very specific divine action: "God in Christ forgave you." What he is saying is this: because you have already been forgiven, you can and should imitate God. Because God has already declared that he will not hold your sins against you, you can adopt this attitude of grace with others.That's why Ephesians 5:1 begins with "therefore": "Therefore be imitators of God, as beloved children." The "therefore" is a gospel declaration, meant to comfort, encourage, and inform you before you get to the gospel obligation, "be imitators of God."
You might be wondering why it is so important to hear yet again what Jesus has already done. After all, haven't we heard that message before? Why would we need to hear it again? We need to hear it again because if we have forgotten his work on our behalf, it will skew the way we think of him, the way we think of ourselves, and the way we think of others. In addition, we will miss the emphasis on imitating God's forgiveness that this verse is meant to communicate, not just a generic imitation of Godlike qualities but a specific imitation of his forgiveness.
How We Think of Him
If we forget God's generous, overwhelming grace in forgiving us, we will think of him as a "hard man, reaping where [he] did not sow, and gathering where [he] scattered no seed" (Matt. 25:24). We will have low thoughts of him. We will see him as a harsh taskmaster, exacting rigorous, impossible obedience from us and being disappointed and angry with us when we (predictably) fail to meet his expectations. We will assume that God continues to hold our sins against us and that he is tallying up all the ways in which we fail. When we fail to savor his astonishing mercy, he will morph into a satanic caricature in our minds, a Pharaoh, demanding that we make bricks without straw. In response, we will be bound to hide our talent in the ground for fear of greater failure or harsher rebuke and then grudgingly return it to him when we have to (Matt. 25:25).
How We Think of Ourselves
If we forget that we are forgiven by God because of his Son's sacrifice, we will see ourselves as slaves trying to earn his goodwill and make up for past miscues rather than as forgiven children. We will be afraid to try to obey because we know we are bound to fail. If God is like Pharaoh, he won't be touched by our halting efforts at obedience. We will be afraid to persevere because we'll know that we are doomed from the start. Why bother trying? We will be void of the love for him that is meant to motivate and fuel all our attempts at obedience. We will become lazy, unbelieving servants (Matt. 25:26).
How We Think of Others
If in our sight God becomes a caricature of Pharaoh, then our brothers and sisters in Christ are nothing more than fellow slaves who had better pull their weight. If God seems harsh and demanding, unforgiving and exacting, then that is exactly how we will treat others. Forgive them for sinning against us? Well, maybe, but only after we've gotten our pound of flesh, and they have proven that they are really sorry and have really changed. Why would we be generous toward them when God has been so demanding of us?
When we forget about God's lavish forgiveness, we will hate our Master, and we will oppress our fellow slaves. After all, it certainly wouldn't be right for them to get away without meeting Pharaoh's quota like we have to! We will demand strict obedience without forgiveness because that's what we imagine God has demanded from us. Forgetting that we are already forgiven will rob us of those Christlike qualities of kindness, generosity, gentleness, and longsuffering. It will also rob us of the only acceptable motive for obedience: love. The gospel declaration embodied in the "therefore" makes all the difference in the world.
You Are Beloved
After reminding us of God's mercy and forgiveness, Paul writes that we are to imitate God as beloved children. It is important that we remember that we are beloved children because beloved children function differently from houseguests or foster kids. Although guests or foster children may be welcomed into a family home for a time, everyone knows that they aren't really part of that family. A guest or foster child knows that he doesn't have the same access, inheritance, freedom, or assurance that a son or daughter has. He can't just run and jump on the father's lap and kiss his cheek and ask for treats. He knows that his position is tenuous and can change at any moment. He knows that he has to earn love and a place in the home.
God's disposition toward us is entirely different because we are beloved. He isn't simply tolerating us, regretting that he opened the door to the likes of us. No, we're beloved. This is the same word that the Father employed to describe his disposition to his Son; he referred to him as beloved or as his Beloved (see Matt. 3:17; 17:5; Eph. 1:6), and because of Christ's work on our behalf, so are we. Jesus himself said that his Father loves his people as he loves his Son (John 17:23). This is an astonishing truth. You are his beloved.
Beloved is what your heavenly Father thinks of you. Does that make you want to be near him, to learn of him, and to be like him? Of course it does. If you are in Christ, he calls you his beloved.
Not only are we beloved, but we are also beloved children. All Christians have been irrevocably adopted and given full rights as God's sons. (In the grace of Christ, both women and men enjoy the privileged status of sons.) All the riches of grace and blessings of relationship with him are ours now; all that he has is ours by inheritance. We can rest securely knowing that he won't ever abandon us. He is a good and faithful Father. He is devoted to our soul's safety and complete sanctification. Because he has adopted us and made us his children, he is determined that we will be like him. We are his children; we will ultimately resemble him. He is shaping us into his image (Rom. 8:29; Eph. 4:24).
In light of these blessed declarations, we can boldly pursue godliness. His Spirit is in us, and he has guaranteed our eventual transformation. Because of the Son's ongoing incarnation and the indwelling of his Spirit, we are "bone of his bone and flesh of his flesh." The Son has been made like us; we are being made like him. He is the firstborn among many brothers. We are family!
How Could Those Truths Become White Noise?
If Christianity is about Christ, how does it happen that he becomes marginalized in our daily lives? How do the truths of the gospel become nothing more than insignificant white noise? Why does John 3:16 bore us? It bores us for at least two reasons, one more insidious than the other.
We naïvely press the gospel out to the margins of our faith because we have never really been taught how it's meant to connect with our daily lives. One day I had a conversation with a dear friend who told me about struggles she was having in a relationship.
I asked her, "How do you think the resurrection impacts this circumstance?"
She replied, "I know that it should but I just don't know how."
I think that we all have a sneaking suspicion that the truths of the gospel ought to mean something more to us than they do, but we don't know how to make those connections. Yes, the incarnation, perfections, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ ought to have a practical impact on our daily walk, but just how those dots connect isn't really clear.
More insidiously, I think that we relegate the gospel to the back of our religious bus because, although we may admit our spiritual impotence with our lips, deep in our hearts we remain convinced of our own ability to live a moral life.
We also fear loss of control. It is unsettling and humiliating to realize how utterly dependent we are on having Someone Else do for us what we cannot do for ourselves: change our heart's affections and desires. As long as I have a "list to work on," I can keep my hands on the reins of my life and on my struggle against sin. So even though the gospel shouts to us that we are depraved, that we deserve a shameful death and an eternity in hell, that we must be given someone else's righteousness in order to stand before a holy God, we continue to think that if we could just find the key to holy living, we'd be able to work it out. Just give me a list! Teach me the right prayer! Introduce me to the right counselor!
It's no wonder that self-help books top the charts in Christian publishing and that counseling offices are overwhelmed. Our pride and our neglect of the gospel force us to run from seminar to seminar, book to book, counselor to counselor, always seeking but never finding some secret to holy living.
Most of us have never really understood that Christianity is not a self-help religion meant to enable moral people to become more moral. We don't need a self-help book; we need a Savior. We don't need to get our collective act together; we need death and resurrection and the life-transforming truths of the gospel. And we don't need them just once, at the beginning of our Christian life; we need them every moment of every day. Let's take a moment to think about how these truths might help a Christian sister facing a difficult crisis.
Applying All of Scripture To Life
Madeline is a hardworking, homeschooling mother of five who has faithfully worked to educate her children and train them for the Lord.3 She loves God, loves serving in the church, and loves her husband and children and their home. But the unthinkable has just happened: her eldest daughter, who is seventeen, is pregnant. Madeline is crushed when she discovers that Hannah has been living a double life. While Hannah openly professed faith and appeared to acquiesce to all her parents' demands, she had actually schemed to arrange trysts with a Christian boy down the street.
To say that Madeline is devastated and disillusioned would be a momentous understatement. Every day she vacillates between giving up in defeat and humiliation or giving full vent to her fury at Hannah's betrayal and lack of appreciation for all Madeline's years of sacrifice for her daughter. Madeline is also wondering why God hasn't upheld his part of the bargain. After all, she trained her daughter up in "the way she should go." Why didn't God keep her from departing from it, as he contracted to do in Proverbs 22:6? She feels betrayed, deserted, confused, disappointed, angry, and ashamed.
How would you help Madeline? What does she need to remember? Madeline needs a healthy dose of gospel truth. The gospel tells Madeline about the Lord, about herself, and about Hannah, and it also tells her about the methods and motivations of obedience.
First, the gospel informs Madeline about God's nature. He isn't surprised by either her own sin or her daughter's; in fact, God is more aware of it than she ever will be. His plan to overcome evil with good was set in place long before Hannah was born, long before this world was born. Because of the gospel, Madeline can be assured that God will overcome all evil, even Hannah's sin, with good.
But overcoming sin cost God dearly. He sent his Son from heaven to be born as a baby, to be wrapped in rough cloth, to suffer cold and hunger, to be schemed against and betrayed, and finally to be hung in humiliation on a tree, defiled by our sin (despite his own flawless innocence) and drinking down the cup of his Father's wrath. Although Madeline feels overwhelmed by her daughter's sins against her, she needs to remember that Jesus had to suffer for her sin, too. At the same time, Madeline needs to remember that full atonement has been made. God no longer holds Madeline's sin against her, and if Hannah is truly his, he doesn't hold her sin against her, either.
Madeline also needs to remember what the gospel tells her about herself. God's love for her isn't based on her performance or on her children's performance. His love is based solely on the performance of his Son. She can rejoice that God doesn't operate on a quid pro quo basis, like a cosmic vending machine that spits out treats for those who perform flawlessly. By grace alone she has been given the complete righteousness of the Son. She is his beloved child because she is in the Beloved One. The gospel tells her that her Savior, who took on flesh like hers in order to redeem her, is ruling sovereignly from heaven, never forgetting about her for one moment, never neglecting to cause all things—even her sin—to work for good. He will sanctify and keep her, even though it feels like she has been set adrift on a dark and stormy sea.
The gospel reminds Madeline that she is more sinful and flawed than she ever dared believe. She is to remember that because of indwelling sin, all people, even children who live in a perfect home, like the prodigal's home in Jesus' famous parable, can and do rebel. Our children are more sinful and flawed than we ever dared believe. They are just like us: willful creatures with souls that resist humble submission. No amount of external training, protection from worldly influences, or classical education will change that fact.5 Only the Spirit of God can change a human heart. Only God's love in Christ can make us grow in love and delight in him.
Only the gospel can change how Madeline feels about Hannah and consequently how she treats Hannah. When she is tempted to wrath, self-pity, and self-righteousness, she needs to remember that the Savior had to die for her, too. As she humbles herself before the cross, she will be able to mourn over her sin as well as the sins of her children, and she will know God's comfort (Matt. 5:4).
By faith she can war against anger, self-pity, and self-righteousness because she trusts that her struggle against sin isn't in vain. On Calvary it seemed as though all had been lost, but Calvary isn't all there is. There is an empty tomb. The empty tomb assures her that even though she feels hopelessly trapped by anger and self-pity, the power of sin has been broken in her life.
Then, as she experiences the enveloping comfort of the Spirit, she will be humble enough to seek to comfort Hannah, to see Hannah's sin as no more morally repugnant than her own, and much of her self-justifying wrath will be drained. As she sees how Jesus washed the feet of sinners just like her, she will be encouraged to pick up the basin and the towel with her children again. As she seeks to imitate God to her family, she can rest in the truth that her sins are already forgiven.
The gospel will remind Madeline that she is a beloved child. Although Hannah's sin is grievous and the ramifications of it will last for the rest of Madeline's earthly life, Madeline can remember that when the Father looks upon her he says, "Beloved." While walking through this earth she may never understand why God's plan in her life had to include this humiliating trek through what, at times, feels like the valley of the shadow of death (in part because of her pride and concern about her appearance), but she can know one thing: she is more loved and welcomed than she ever dared hope. God's love for her has determined that this sorrow is a good. She can be assured of this because she trusts that God loves her and is for her. "If God is for us, who can be against us? He who did not spare his own Son but gave him up for us all, how will he not also with him graciously give us all things?" (Rom. 8:31–32).
When Madeline begins to doubt God's love for her or his wisdom in bringing this trial into her life, she can remember this precious truth: the Father gave his Son to make her his own. He, too, knows what it's like to be betrayed by his children, and yet he has made her his own. Jesus Christ has suffered with her, and although she was, in part, a cause of his suffering, still she is beloved. Madeline has been adopted. She is her heavenly Father's child. He will never leave her nor forsake her, and even though the road she is traversing seems terrifying and gloomy, she can be assured that because of the ascension, this trial isn't all she will ever experience. She will know light and joy and comfort and rest and everlasting love. Because this is her future, she can have the faith to persevere today.
After she has warmed her soul by the fire of the gospel, she can seek to imitate God in her home. She and her husband can extend mercy to Hannah and to her boyfriend. She can lovingly talk with her other children about sin's folly and God's grace. She can openly confess her own sin and talk about how God's grace has assured her. She can even face the question of whether her own treatment of her children over the years might have tempted Hannah to secretive hypocrisy or to mistaking sexual intimacy for the genuine love Hannah's heart hungers for.
As Madeline continues to humble herself before God's mighty hand and trust that in the exaltation of Christ, she will be raised up over all the enemies of God's kingdom, sin and rebellion will ultimately be squelched by his mighty power, and Madeline can be assured of this because Jesus is ruling right now at the right hand of her Father.
What does Madeline need? She needs the song of the gospel to take center stage and drown out all other voices of revenge, despair, works-righteousness, fear, and self-trust. She can have faith that through Jesus' glorious power, the gospel will captivate her heart because she has been forgiven, beloved, and adopted.
Hearing the Song I'm thankful that I rarely hear the freeway that runs by my house, as I filter out its constant hum, but I am grieved that I so frequently ignore the gospel my Savior is singing so sweetly to me. Like you, I need to hear that gospel song over and over again because my soul is a sieve and the gospel leaks out of it, leaving only the husk of Christianity—my self-righteousness and obligations.
Do you need to hear his gospel song, too? Why not take a few moments now to enjoy these precious truths again: God has forgiven you because of Christ's precious death in your place; you are his beloved child because of Christ's precious life credited to you. Can you hear him singing this never-ending theme to you, his bride?
1) We all know what white noise is. Have the gospel truths of salvation by grace alone in Christ alone become white noise to you? How long has it been since you were enthralled by the thought that God so loved the world that he gave his only Son? Do you remember that God so loves you that Christ died for you (Gal. 2:20)?
2) What reactions do you have to your own or others' sins and failures that might signal when your heart has grown deaf to Christ's song of grace?
3) When you read Ephesians 5:1, what were you most aware of? How did you respond to the command to "imitate God"? Were you self-assured, thinking that you were already doing a pretty good job at it, or were you crushed and despairing? Were you sure that if we just told you how to do it, you'd be able to do it?
4) Aside from the command to imitate God, did you see anything else in Ephesians 5:1? If so, what?
5) How does a fuller appreciation of the gospel change the way you view
- God?
- Yourself?
- Others?
6) Summarize in four or five sentences what you have learned from this chapter. What was new? What was most important to you?
Counsel From The Cross
Copyright 2009 by Elyse M. Fitzpatrick and Dennis E. Johnson
Published by Crossway Books, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers
1300 Crescent Street Wheaton, Illinois 60187
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, except as provided for by USA copyright law.


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Kush Strains
46 Results
46 Results
Kush is one of the oldest strains in the world. Over a span of hundreds, or perhaps thousands of years, these landrace strains have adapted to the Hindu Kush mountains. In its natural environment, isolation and inbreeding not only ensured purity but also allowed the plants to attain stability and vigorous growth.
Kush strains are highly potent, delivering profoundly relaxing effects that its name and Indica became synonymous. More importantly, it played a crucial role in revolutionizing the cannabis industry, mainly by contributing its quick flowering nature, high resin production, and resilient growth nature.
As a genetic cornerstone, breeders have used it to create a countless number of hybrids. It includes many that are not only highly-acclaimed and multi-awarded but also deemed as classics and legends.
One of the most significant advances in hybridization is stabilizing a strain. To that end, breeders have backcrossed a hybrid to Kush strains and achieved great success.
Generally, Kush descendants would have one, if not all, of these traits:
Appearance. A small, compact structure with deep green foliage with purple hues, orange- or bronze-colored pistils, and highly resinous dense, chunky buds.
To say that OG Kush is one of the most influential strains of all time is an understatement. Its lineage is vague but thought to a cross between a Northern Californian strain believed to be Chemdawg with a landrace from the Hindu Kush region. This hybrid was well-received due to a variety of reasons. For one, it exudes a complex, highly enticing scents of lemon, fuel, with a skunky, spicy note. More importantly, it delivers a stimulating cerebral experience while also providing a full-bodied uplifting, relaxing high.
In low doses, OG Kush promotes mental clarity and an upbeat demeanor. Even when used during the day, the Indica effects usually do not hinder physical activities. On the other hand, a tad bit on the high side could result in a sedating body buzz, causing a slowdown or couch-lock. As a medical strain, it excels at melting stress and alleviating pains.
In spite of the prominence of Sativa traits, the beauty of Kush genes is that it has an Indica growth pattern. Consequently, it has high resistance to moisture-related diseases and pest infestations. It has a relatively quick flowering time, too - lasting only 8 to 9 weeks. During this time, it develops an insane 19-26% THC concentration. Plus, it does not compromise on the yield too. Indoors, the expected harvest of OG Kush grown from feminized seeds under optimal conditions could be as high as 500 grams per square meter.
This legend is also available in other seed forms.
A relatively new type of seeds, OG Kush fast version seeds shorten the flowering period by 1-2 weeks. These seeds are also feminized and could yield anywhere from 400-600 grams per square meter.
For the quickest growth cycle, then choose OG Kush auto-flowering seeds. It takes only 10-11 weeks from the time of germination until reaching full maturity. Best of all, it can still produce up to 400 grams per square meter - a generous yield considering the short period that it takes.
Bubba Kush first gained prominence due to its notoriously sedating body stone. Precisely how this hybrid came to be remains cloaked in mystery. Allegedly, its existence was a result of a male OG Kush accidentally fertilizing a female Indica of Afghani origin - possibly Northern Lights. Regardless, after finding its way into the California cannabis scene back in the mid-90s, it has never looked back. It has since taken its place as one of the most prominent Kush strains in the world.
On paper, the THC concentration of Bubba Kush is not far off from OG Kush. Even so, its tranquilizing effect is much more intense. The reason for that is terpenes - it has a rich profile that includes the couch-locking terpenoid myrcene. Moreover, this complex blend of compounds is also responsible for the delightful scent it exudes - the smell of hash with a subtle hint of coffee and chocolate.
At any rate, the uplifting and relaxing effects of Bubba Kush can indeed usher in the sense of happiness. While basking in bliss, the high may take on a dreamy quality. As for medical use, it can soothe aching muscles, ease away tensions from the body.
Bubba Kush feminized seeds grow into a beautiful plant with mostly green foliage and purple hues. It takes up to 9 weeks to complete the flowering phase. During harvest, it has the potential to yield 500-600 grams per square meter.
Homegrown Cannabis Co. also provides auto-flowering seeds of Bubba Kush. After germinating the seeds, it automatically transitions to the flowering stage after 2-3 weeks. By the 10th to 11th week, this strain yields 400-450 grams per square meter.
Beautiful and lethal - that is the best way to describe Purple Kush - a Hindu Kush x Purple Afghani cross. Upon closer inspection, its features are indeed typical of Kush varieties - purple colorations, and the familiar sweet, earthy odor. Once smoked or vaped, it delivers a long-lasting gentle euphoric head buzz followed by deep body relaxation.
Purple Kush is also an excellent stress reliever. Moreover, it has potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties to ward off chronic pains. In most cases, the sedating properties will be more than enough to disintegrate the will to be physically engaged. At peak intensity, it leaves one in bliss and without noticing, falls asleep.
For ease of home cultivation, choose Purple Kush feminized seeds. Without male chromosomes, it is almost impossible for any males to show up, and potentially ruining a whole batch of plants. Under the Sea of Green setup, it can produce 400-500 grams of buds per square meter.
Auto-flowering Purple Kush seeds are also a viable option. Advancements in creating and stabilizing autos and producing seeds allow this strain to reach full maturity in only 10 weeks. At 350-400 grams yield per square meter, there is a sizable stash waiting after providing it with care.
For many, the full-bodied effects of most Kush strains are incredibly relaxing, and this strain is no exemption. It differs, though, on the cerebral high. Instead of a dreamy quality, Master Kush keeps the head clear and focused. Moreover, it may even heighten the senses and sensitivity to the surroundings.
Homegrown Cannabis Co. provides Master Kush as feminized seeds - with nearly 100% germination rate. These seeds grow into healthy plants that have a quick flowering period lasting 7 to 9 weeks. Using hydroponics and the Sea of Green training technique can boost the yield up to 500 grams per square meter.
For its exemplary traits, Master Kush bagged the Cannabis Cup three times - 1992, 1993, and 2012. Among its most recognizable descendants is Lemon Kush.

subset: commoncrawl


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Gil Dibner
Fund: Genesis Partners
Posted by alexs on 2008-01-03
We first met Gil during our discussions with Genesis and found him to be very professional, supportive and positive. His advice was always constructive and he spent many hours, often on his own free time, working with us, discussing our business and providing additional helpful feedback.
Although for various reasons we ended up getting funding from other sources, Gil continued to be enthusiastic about our company and to provide his help and advice. He also put us in touch with a top notch consultant that proved to be invaluable to the company.
My experience working with Gil was very positive and he would definitely be one of the first people I turn to for funding in my future projects.PRIVATE: Members Only


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Captain Max Von Stephanitz Speaks About Horand Von Grafrath SZ 1
Here's what Mr. Stephanitz said about Horand -- the father of all GSDs.
"Horand (Picture on the right) embodied for the enthusiasts of that time the fulfillment of their fondest dreams. He was big for that period, between 24" and 24 1/2", even for the present day a good medium size, with powerful frame, beautiful lines, and a nobly formed head. Clean and sinewy in build, the entire dog was one live wire. His character was on a par with his exterior qualities; marvelous in his obedient fidelity to his master, and above all else, the straightforward nature of a gentleman with a boundless zest for living. Although untrained in puppy hood, nevertheless obedient to the slightest nod when at this master's side; but when left to himself, the maddest rascal, the wildest ruffian and incorrigible provoker of strife. Never idle, always on the go; well disposed to harmless people, but no cringer, mad about children and always in love. What could not have been the accomplishments of such a dog if we, at that time, had only had military or police service training? His faults were the failings of his upbringing, never of his stock. He suffered from a superfluity of unemployed energy, for he was in Heaven when someone was occupied with him and was then the most tractable of dog."
Max Emil Frederic von Stephanitz (December 1864 -- April 1936)
~Mr. Stephanitz (Originator of the Alsatian)


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How people perceive others in a stereotypical manner...
Who Is Layla Tomlinson?14349148909
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Chiropractic practices often encounter patients who are significantly limited in one or more major life activities. It is the treating chiropractor's responsibility to document any impairment or limitations as it relates to one or more body systems.Doing so is a duty to the patient that impacts not only their health, but also future claims and accommodations being sought. A chiropractor's documentation also may represent the patient's "protection" under the ADA (American Disability Act) of a physical impairment that limits certain activities.
The case below demonstrates a record review and independent examination of a physical impairment that affected two of the patient's body systems: neurological and musculoskeletal. The claimant was reliant on chiropractic care over a 36-month period to assist in the treatment of her mobility disorders. She reported that chiropractic care enabled her to "achieve a level of improved pain tolerance and movement." Unfortunately, her chiropractor's record was substantially limited in its documentation of these systems in terms of demonstrating any disability for the claimant.
For this particular review, greater reliance on the medical diagnostics, as well as an impairment evaluation, was necessary. What follows is an actual condensed version of this claimant's case and recommendations for reporting clinical encounters.
Independent Case Record Review
Reason for examination: request for record review for disability evaluation. Current symptoms include a diagnosed disorder that creates significant limitation and impairment of spinal and extremity function and mobility.
Chief complaint: numbness and clumsiness of the hands, arm weakness, leg stiffness and loss of balance.
History of the present illness / injury: 46-year-old woman with chronic pain syndrome involving the neck and low back. Chronicity documented by multilevel failed cervical and lumbar disc surgeries requiring lumbar revision; plating, allografts and pain management trials; and chiropractic supportive care after maximum therapeutic benefit reached with reported progressive deterioration when this treatment was periodically withdrawn.
Physical examination: sensory and motor loss below level of right forearm to index, ring and little finger; sensory loss bilateral medial and distal thigh (L1-3 dermatomes) to right lesser toe (L5-S1). Hip flexion weak during gait (L1-2 motor) and limited to level surfaces. Spinal restricted active and passive range of motion.
Diagnoses: Post-operative failed spinal surgery; patient remains symptomatic even with current medical treatment to date.
Record review: Medical evidence reports documented abnormal imaging and neurodiagnostics, special studies, neurosurgical examinations, pain management evaluations and pharmacologic interventions (Fentanyl patches and Norco).
Suggested Reporting Methodology
If a patient's record demonstrates an abnormality in electrodiagnostic testing, the examiner should document the residual area of loss within the affected extremity. For example, a critical analysis of any peripheral nerve involvement for the upper extremity should be recorded. Assess the extent of sensory loss and degree of pain above or below mid-level forearm, above or below wrist, and which fingers are involved. Assess the extent of motor loss in a similar manner. Is there a loss in function?
Don't simply state it. Which functions are affected – grasp, handwriting, turning a door knob, etc.? This provides medicolegal evidence that the applicant's loss of function is affecting activities. For example, let us assume that a sensory loss affects only the thumb and index finger. The maximum value for this distribution is about 27 percent loss, because we are only assessing the affected portion of the entire nerve affected.
In documenting a patient's complaints, I cannot overstress the importance of using the patient's "own words." Even MDs and DOs will document in their words, which often becomes a "medical synopsis" of the patient's actual complaint. Instead, indicate symptoms such as pain, weakness, numbness, etc., according to the patient's own description. Indicate frequency of symptoms: occasional, intermittent, frequent or constant upon the performance of "specified activities."
Indicate the activities of daily living (ADL) that are affected. Activities of daily living as described by the AMA Guides (page 599, Tables 1-2) refer to common ADLs that any record reviewer needs to consider when establishing a permanent impairment rating. Documenting the patient's complaints includes recording their impact on the following ADLs at every clinical encounter: self-care (urinating, brushing hair, dressing, eating); communication (writing, typing, seeing, hearing, and speaking); physical activity (standing, sitting, reclining, walking or climbing stairs); sensory function (hearing, seeing, tasting, tactile feeling, smelling). Include non-specialized hand activities (grasping, lifting, tactile discrimination); travel (riding, driving, and flying); sexual function; and sleep (restful, nocturnal sleep patterns).
In recording the patient's symptoms per these guidelines, a chiropractor may verify that services submitted for any continuing care of chronic pain syndrome meet the definition of medical necessity, fulfill the duty to the patient, and provide medical evidence for the patient's protection under the ADA.
- Metz RD. The chiropractic clinical record and quality management. Topics Clin Chiro, 2000;7(1):61-66.
- Souza T. Differential Diagnosis and Management for the Chiropractor. Jones and Bartlett Publishing LLC, 2009.
- Lawrence DJ. Fundamentals of Chiropractic Diagnosis and Management. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1991.
- Kettenback G. Writing SOAP Notes, 2nd Edition. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis, 1995.
- Herbert J, et al. Clinical decision rules, spinal pain classification and prediction of treatment outcome: a discussion of recent reports in the rehabilitation literature. Chiropr Man Ther, 2012:20:19.
Click here for previous articles by Nancy Martin-Molina, DC, QME, MBA, CCSP.


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See how Loyola helped them stand out, succeed
In today's economy, recent college graduates face fierce competition for jobs. These three members of the Class of 2013, however, were able to stand out from the crowd and find jobs in their areas of study.
What helped them do that? A degree from Loyola.
Ashton Mitchell
Major: Communication studies
Job: Desk associate at CBS-2 Chicago
Talk a little about your new job and what you'll be doing.
"I'll work for the assignment desk and follow up on stories that they're working on. I'll help write scripts, do some production work, conduct interviews, and answer questions from the public."
And how does it feel to know you've already lined up a job?
"It's exciting and nerve-racking all at the same time. It feels like all of the work that I did during my time at Loyola is paying off."
What were some of your favorite courses at Loyola?
"I did a radio practicum for WLUW and a news program called Lunchtime News. I got to anchor, write, produce, and report a news broadcast. That was a really great experience, and it solidified that journalism was the path I wanted to pursue after graduation."
Any favorite memories outside the classroom?
"I studied abroad in Australia when I was a sophomore, and that was a defining experience for me. When I was there I didn't have a declared major, so I got to take a bunch of different classes in art and creative writing. I got to travel around a lot, and I really grew as an individual and it helped me focus when I got back to school."
How did Loyola help prepare you for your job?
"Loyola encouraged me to be a curious person and to never be afraid to ask questions or talk to people. I've had so many wonderful mentors here and so many resources that gave me really practical and hands-on experience."
Any advice for seniors who'll be graduating next year?
"Take advantage of a lot of opportunities that you may not be completely sure about. Say yes to a lot of things that scare you—but will probably surprise you and inspire you in ways that you never thought possible."
What do you plan to buy with your first paycheck?
"I'm sure I'll just buy something practical. But I may go out and celebrate a little bit with my friends."
Richard Parra
Major: Advertising and public relations
Minor: French
Job: Media associate for Rosetta Interactive Marketing Agency in New York City
Talk a little about your new job and what you'll be doing.
"I'll be working in digital marketing and focusing on ad buying with Google and doing some search engine optimization—with a little bit of social media sprinkled in there."
And how does it feel to know you've already lined up a job?
"It feels pretty good, honestly. It took a lot of stress off, and I've been able to sleep a lot easier since finding out I got the job. It feels good."
What were some of your favorite courses at Loyola?
"I had some new media classes that got me interested in digital marketing and advertising. They were a great introduction into that world. And I definitely liked a lot of my foreign language courses. I had some upper-level French classes that only had 10 other students. That's unheard of at a lot of other colleges."
Any favorite memories outside the classroom?
"I studied in China, and that was a great experience. I also had a few internships that I really enjoyed."
How did Loyola help prepare you for your job?
"The advertising world is changing everyday, so it's hard to create a curriculum that keeps up with everything. It's not like history or math, where things aren't changing all the time. That said, I think my professors did a great job of staying on top of the technology and broadening the scope of what they teach."
Any advice for seniors who'll be graduating next year?
"You'll probably get a lot of rejection letters, but don't let that keep you down. I really believe it's as much your personality and your skills and your education as it is chance. So just keep your head up. Everyone at Loyola is bound to do well after college."
What do you plan to buy with your first paycheck?
"My second month's rent. New York City isn't cheap."
Anthony Valletta
Major: Operations management
Minor: Sport management
Job: Associate production supervisor for Nordson Corp. in Amherst, Ohio
Talk a little about your new job and what you'll be doing.
"Nordson is a huge manufacturing company that makes all kinds of things. Basically, there's not a day that goes by that you don't use something that Nordson helped make. The inside of pop cans are coated by Nordson spray guns, for instance, and the glue you use to install windshields comes from Nordson. So I'll be supervising a team in the division that makes nozzles for dispensing guns."
And how does it feel to know you've already lined up a job?
"It's a big weight off my shoulders. It puts my mind at ease to not have to juggle being a student and having to find work."
What were some of your favorite courses at Loyola?
"I took several business classes that apply directly to what I'll be doing: quality management, system analysis, and project management. Hopefully I can use those on the job."
Any favorite memories outside the classroom?
"I studied abroad in Rome, which was very cool. I'm also involved with Enactus; it's a student group that does service projects. I helped teach financial literacy to high school students, things like how to set up a budget and how to apply for financial aid when they go to college."
How did Loyola help prepare you for your job?
"They provided a base of knowledge to continue building on. They've given me not only the tools to succeed in college, but also the experiences I need to bridge the gap from the classroom to the real world."
Any advice for seniors who'll be graduating next year?
"Get an internship as soon as you can. Start looking for a job as soon as you can. But enjoy your senior year."
What do you plan to buy with your first paycheck?
"My friends and I have been planning a trip to Cancun for a while, so I'll pay that off. Other than that, no crazy plans."


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Doll Bassinet - Natural
made in Ghana
by weavers using locally sourced grasses
An adorable doll bassinet for little ones to play pretend or to serve as a stylish storage basket in a nursery. This basket is hand-woven from durable stalks of elephant grass and comes with comfortable leather-wrapped carry handles. Each purchase empowers artisans at Bolga Basket Weavers in Ghana.
Natural Doll Bassinet | The Little Market
As with all handmade items, no two pieces are the same. Variations in size, color, and design will occur.
- Please note this is not designed for babies or humans and is for playtime and décor purposes only.
- Large approximately: 28" long x 18" wide x 12" tall (to top of basket) + approximately 18" tall (to top of handles)
- Materials: thick, tough elephant grass, leather, and natural dye
- Care instructions: Spot clean using minimal water. Dab (do not rub) using an undyed paper towel or cloth to prevent the colors from bleeding. Dry completely to avoid molding. To preserve the natural colors and stop fading, do not place in direct sunlight.
- As with all hand-woven items, slight variations can occur
Bolga Basket Weavers
Artisans in the Bolgatanga region of Ghana, West Africa, weave beautiful and durable baskets from thick, tough elephant grass. A classic icon of African craftsmanship, most Bolga baskets hold up to daily use for years on end. Today, Bolgatanga, known as the crafts center of Northern Ghana, with its surrounding villages comprise the largest producers of leather works and straw baskets in the country. Basket weaving around Bolgatanga in Upper East Region serves as an example of the craft skills of women in the north. The sales of these baskets have allowed many impoverished farmers in the Bolgatanga region of Ghana, West Africa to attain a sustainable way of living.
Learn More
Many of the artisans we work with at The Little Market use weaving techniques to create beautiful handmade baskets and bags. In the Bolgatanga region of Ghana, West Africa, artisans weave beautiful and durable baskets from thick, tough elephant grass. Basket weaving around Bolgatanga in Upper East Region serves as an example of the craft skills of women in the north, and each colorful basket can take up to a week to finish.
The process begins by harvesting tall elephant grass from local fields. The straw is bundled together, then dipped into boiling water and natural dye to gain it its vibrant color. The weaver selects the proper pieces of grass for each part of the basket, then weaves from the bottom up. Finally, an artisan applies a tightly wrapped leather handle to finish the piece. A classic icon of African craftsmanship, Bolga baskets from Ghana are known for their durability, unique patterns, and vibrant colors.
Learn More
Ghana is a country whose immense cultural diversity is a reflection of the more than 75 ethnic groups living in the country. Ghana is often described as a land of festivals, music, and traditional dances. There is hardly any community, clan, or tribe who misses an occasion to celebrate: from the right of passage child-birth, puberty, marriage and death. Ghanaians are well known for their craftwork such as hand-carved stools, fertility dolls, and colorful 'kente' cloth.
Learn More
Fair Trade Products
Fair Trade is an approach to international trade centered around equitable partnerships, transparency and respect. It seeks to empower marginalized producers by providing them safe working conditions, fair pay, and a means to establish a sustainable business free from exploitation. As a member of the Fair Trade Federation, we are committed to the Fair Trade principles.
Learn More


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Neuropsychological impairment has long been established as a fundamental characteristic of depression, but a specific pattern of impairment that is widely recognized has not been summarized. Professor Jia Hongxiao and his group from the Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, explore major depressive disorder (MDD) from the perspective of neuropsychology. They found that the self-serving bias and self-recognition bias were impaired in individuals suffering from MDD compared with a control group. This research lays the groundwork for further study on the etiology and pathological mechanisms of major depressive disorder. They outlined their findings in a study, entitled "Neuropsychological impairment: disturbed self-processing in patients with major depressive disorder," that was published in the Chinese Science Bulletin.
Impairments, including cognitive dysfunction, are fundamental features of major depressive disorder, but it has been difficult for specialists to construct a universally accepted pattern of specific cognitive impairment in this area. Many studies report evidence for cognitive bias (i.e., an excessive focus on the self or negative stimuli) in depressed or dysphoric individuals compared with non-dysphorics. One researcher posited that there might be three characteristics of abnormal self-conception in depression: increased self-focus, attribution of negative emotions to one's own self and increased cognitive processing of the self.
We hypothesize that individuals with major depressive disorder suffer from abnormal self-processing based on theories of self and self-abnormality in depression.
It is believed that the ability to conceptualize the self is unique to human beings. Self-awareness can be determined by the composition of specific information for individuals, for example, by identifying oneself in a mirror. The self-face symbolizes distinct self-characteristics of humans and represents a type of special social stimulus. Self-face processing plays a vitally important role in the study of complex conceptions of self.
Some researchers have proposed that self-face recognition might help in the understanding of processing self-related information relative to other types of cognitive processing. The ability to identify one's own face is generally defined as self-face recognition (SFR), which is considered to be an indicator of self-awareness. The present study is the first to use this paradigm to explore self-face recognition abilities in depressed patients.
A total of 18 depressed patients and 20 healthy subjects participated in this experiment. We used a digital camera to take pictures of all participants under controlled conditions. All pictures were frontal views of participant faces and were processed using Adobe Photoshop CS software. Morphed faces were generated using photo-morphing software. We mixed the features of any two of the three types of faces (self-face, famous face and stranger face) along 5% intervals. In addition, images from each task condition were randomly combined into four "mosaic" images (scrambled faces) for use as control images in one task (as shown in the Fig. 1). Finally, the test sequence of the three specified tasks was random and participants were instructed to make a two-alternative forced-choice to identify the identity of morphed faces.
The percentage of morphing at the switching point was defined as a threshold in the task based on the judgment of morphing faces in different tasks for participants. It can be used to measure the recognition ability for one face relative to the other. Face identification accuracy across groups was analyzed using repeated-measure ANOVA. There was a significant main effect of the group (P = 0.01). The main effect of the task was not significant (P = 0.683) and a non-significant interaction effect between the group and types of bias (P = 0.282) was also found. In order to examine which component process of SFR (self-processing, familiarity processing or self-recognition processing) was selectively impaired in depression, subsequent independent t-tests further revealed that the self (P = 0.012) and self-recognition bias (P = 0.035) observed in self-famous and self-recognition tasks for patients were significantly greater than that for the healthy controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the famous-stranger task (P = 0.378). Paired t-tests were used to compare performance thresholds during each task type between non-medicated and medicated patients. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the three tasks (P = 0.207; P = 0.872; P = 0.885).
Experimental results indicate that the performance of face recognition in depressed patients was significantly worse than healthy subjects in both the self-famous and the self-stranger task, and that this impairment cannot be attributed to medication status. In line with the clinical characteristics of depression, depressed patients have excessive self-focus and increased sensitivity to the self-face compared to other faces, regardless of face familiarity. This abnormal self-bias may be explained by clinical characteristics of MDD that most patients are autistic and focus more on self-entanglement such that they are unable to shift their attention to the outside world. Taken together, these conclusions suggest that MDD patients usually concentrate on self-perception first and generally regard the perceptual activity of the inner self as more important than the external world.
Similar findings have emerged using other measurements of self-abnormalities, such as autobiographical memory (AM) studies. The tendency of memory recall for MDD was for general non-specific memories (over-generality) rather than for specific events and these AM deficits might be trait-like markers for MDD. In addition, we reviewed related literature and found a neural basis to support the conclusion of self-disorder in MDD. The consistency of brain regions in depression and self-related processing supports our hypothesis that self-processing is impaired in MDD.
We believe that there might be a behavioral level of impaired self-processing in MDD from the view of face recognition. This research provides a new perspective for further study on the etiology and pathology of MDD. Future studies might rely on more empirical research to explore which level of self-processing is altered in major depressive disorder. Studies involving a combination of domains, such as neuropsychology, electrophysiology and fMRI, will likely enrich understanding of the etiology of major depressive disorder.
This study received funding from Beijing Education Committee Funds.
See the article:
Liu S S, Ma X, Yin M Y, et al., "Neuropsychological impairment: disturbed self-processing in patients with major depressive disorder," China Science Bulletin
Science China Press Co., Ltd. (SCP) is a scientific journal publishing company of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). For 60 years, SCP takes its mission to present to the world the best achievements by Chinese scientists on various fields of natural sciences researches.


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Requirements for Admission
For general admission requirements, please select from the appropriate categories below:
For a summary of admissions requirements by department, please select from the appropriate categories below:
More information:
- Transfer students, please see our transfer requirements.
- International students, please see our international section.
- Admission Appeals
- Applicants should also refer to the UIS
Catalog and your intended
degree program to see any special requirements
for admission.
- For further information, contact the Office of Admissions or request information online.
Freshman Applicants
The best qualified of each years' pool of applicants to the University of Illinois at Springfield will be admitted as space permits. Admission decisions will be made, and official notifications mailed, on a rolling basis (biweekly timeline).
Merit scholarships are available for high achieving applicants and awarded upon admission. Questions about scholarships other than these merit awards should be directed the Office of Financial Assistance.
- Evaluation Criteria
- The Honors Program
- Other Undergraduate Applicants
Applications will be evaluated based on the following criteria:
College preparatory curricula and academic coursework
Students should pursue rigorous and challenging college preparatory curricula. Grade trends and the rigor of courses completed throughout high school will be considered. Minimum academic coursework requirements are:
- Four years of academic English with emphasis on written and oral communication and literature.
- Three years of social studies with emphasis on history and government (additional acceptable courses include anthropology, economics, geography, philosophy, political science, psychology and sociology).
- Three years of college preparatory mathematics, selected from Algebra, geometry, advanced Algebra, pre-calculus, trigonometry and calculus.
- Three years of laboratory science, selected from biology, chemistry, geology, physical science, astronomy and physics.
- Two years of one foreign language, or two years of fine arts, selected from art, music, dance, and theater
*students who are lacking some of these requirements may be conditionally admitted, provided they can complete the requirements prior to enrollment at UIS.
Standardized test scores, grade point average, and class rank
The following credentials will be considered:
- Class rank
- Grade Point Average
- ACT or SAT scores. We will consider ACT or SAT test scores that are posted on an official high school transcript (enclosed with your application) or if you send a photocopy of your test score report with your application. To have scores reported to us from ACT and SAT, use our ACT institution code of 1137; for SAT, the code is 0834.
Personal Statement
For best consideration, a statement of 500-750 words may be submitted. We want to hear about your professional aspirations, intellectual interests, and personal experiences relevant to your choice of a specific academic program. Please note, the Honors Program requires submission of a personal statement.
The Honors Program
The Honors program is a selective program combining high standards and an emphasis on excellence with a small, residential college model. We are currently enrolling about 100 freshmen each year. As an Honors Student you will participate in an interdisciplinary core curriculum designed to prepare you for your major as well as to introduce you to those intellectual skills that society expects from future leaders.
Each of the courses in the core curriculum is integrated with the rest so that together they will provide a broad understanding of the world before you. Many courses are inter-disciplinary, exposing you to the views of scholars from several disciplines. Each course will include topics and draw on authors that reflect the ethnic, racial, and gender diversity of America, and also the broader cultural diversity that exists in the world.
Honors students participate in learning teams for many course assignments, not only learning the assigned material, but also how to participate effectively as a member of a team. The curriculum-wide focus on collaborative learning emphasizes leadership as an integral aspect of collaboration.
Students interested in applying to the Honors Program will be asked to submit additional credentials. Please indicate your interest at the appropriate question of the application.
Visit the web site for complete information about the Capital Scholars Honors Program for first-year students.
Other Undergraduate Applicants
Applicants with 30 or more semester hours and a cumulative grade-point average of 2.00 or higher on a 4.00 scale from any regionally accredited institution of higher education by the North Central Association or any of the seven regional accrediting organizations may be admitted.
These applicants are encouraged to have completed some or all of the 39 hours of required general education courses prior to admission at UIS. (See General Education Requirements)
Remedial or developmental courses are not applicable to admission requirements.
Graduates of regionally accredited Illinois community colleges holding an associate of arts or associate of science transfer degrees are considered to have met all general education requirements. Requests for exceptions should be directed to the Office of Admission. An official transcript from each institution attended must also be submitted.
Applicants with significant life experiences who have little or no college coursework completed are encouraged to consider the Alternative Admission Program.
Graduate Applicants
Students must complete an application to the university and have official transcripts from all colleges and universities attended submitted to the Office of Admission. Full admission to graduate studies may be granted to students who have earned a baccalaureate degree with a minimum undergraduate grade-point average of 2.50 on a 4.00 scale from any regionally accredited institution of higher education by the North Central Association or any of the seven regional accrediting organizations and who have met all specific program requirements and prerequisite courses.
Programs may require higher grade-point averages. Programs may grant conditional admission to persons with less than the required GPA with the additional requirement of completing eight semester hours of courses at UIS (exclusive of prerequisites) with a grade-point average of at least 3.00. If conditional admission is granted, the program will specify which courses must be completed.
(more information)
Non-Degree Seeking Students
Students must complete an application and submit it to the Office of Admission. The non-degree student will be allowed to take courses for one term unless admitted to a certificate or licensure program.
Students who have not earned a bachelor degree (or its US equivalent) will be classified as Undergraduate Non-Degree and should apply using the Undergraduate Non-Degree Application. Students who have earned a bachelor degree (or its US equivalent) will be classified as Graduate Non-Degree and should apply using the Graduate Non-Degree Application.
Applicants seeking a certificate or licensure, will need to provide Bachelor Degree granting institution transcripts. Guest students not seeking any credential will not be required to submit transcripts.


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Naming of Ohio State center cements Lal's legacy
and Staff OARDC Research Business and Economics College Events/Announcements Columbus area (Ohio ... Sherrie R. Whaley The legacy of Rattan Lal, one of the world's top scientists, has been bolstered ... with the addition of his name to a center at The Ohio State University. The honor was bestowed on Oct. ...
2020 OSU Extension Agricultural Lender Seminar
from across Ohio and beyond are encouraged to join the seminar. The planning committee has developed ... have provided professional development to new, mid-career and experienced lenders. About one third of ... For over 30 years, OSU Extension has been providing Ohio's agricultural lenders with professional ...
A better way to spray
growers manage pesticide costs. Developed by a team led by an agricultural engineer with The Ohio State ... Alayna DeMartini COLUMBUS, Ohio — By cutting the amount of pesticide that ends up in the air or on ... the team that created the sprayer in collaboration with the USDA and other universities. That ...
Chow Line: Grow your own produce year-round in Ohio
found through the new Ohio Victory Gardens program, a joint effort by CFAES and the Ohio Department of ... State University Extension and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Send questions to ... my own food in Ohio, even in the winter? You aren't alone in your desire to take more control over ...
Kubota partnership to aid ATI workforce development
both Fox Business News and Niche.org. "Our goal is for Ohio State ATI to become a workforce development ... Sherrie R. Whaley WOOSTER, Ohio—The prevalent scarlet and gray most often seen at Ohio State ATI ... partnering with ATI to establish the Kubota Tech College training program. Students will be trained using ...
Lal to speak at Borlaug Dialogue, receive World Food Prize, and be honored by Ohio State
Protection (2009), and the Norman Borlaug Award (2005). A faculty member at Ohio State for 33 years, he was ... Faculty and Staff Research Business and Economics College Events/Announcements Columbus area (Ohio) Crops ... Sherrie R. Whaley Rattan Lal, one of the most decorated professors to teach and conduct research ...
Leadership Compass
self-awareness. Through a self-assessment and interactivities, individuals and teams will: • Developing a deeper ... sense of self-awareness about one's leadership style and approach • Developing a more balanced approach ... to work style; seeking out areas of growth or change • Developing an understanding of how one ...
Workday Updates
Sciences. October 23, 2020- Streamlining University Business One of the goals of Workday is to put the user ... efficiency. Unifying administrative processes within a single system means one place for faculty and staff to ... link, the matrix is available on the Enterprise Project's About Training page. Remember, OSU ...
Crisis Communication Plan
Response Procedures Crisis Response Team Composition Sample Initial Statements The Crisis Communication ... Crisis Communication Plan (click to download PDF) CFAES Marketing and Communications Crisis Communication ...
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webinar on Nov 6. You may need to log into Zoom first, then click on the individualized link in your ...


text: Philippe Matignon combines innovation, technology and style together to create one of the most famous lines of luxury hosiery on the market today. How does he do it? Though the collection was launched in the 1980s by the Golden Lady Company Group, the biggest burst of fashion came in the 90s. Computer-aided design allowed Philippe Matignon to develop bigger and better products for the lingerie world. The collection is made using 3D Lycra, viscose yarn and silicone to ensure women get the most trendy and most comfortable hosiery that can be found. An Italian company with a European name, Philippe Matignon is said to get his inspiration from a popular street in Paris called Matignon Avenue. The most sought after products in the hosiery line include the fashion knee-highs, opaque tights and sheer pantyhose. Philippe Matignon wants their style to be unlike any other by providing a wide array of luxury and style for their customers. The collection is quickly gaining momentum in the celebrity world as many opt to wear the sheer hosiery that helps them look and feel beautiful.


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finally, a sharper default!
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Awsome texture pack! I REALLY love it so guys, download this awsome texture pack i Think you gonna love it.
Love it! Great idea to continue the feel of Minecraft but make it look a whole lot better.
dude sick texture pack i like it nice work :)
This is great, it just needs 1.8 support.
i love this texure pack
Finally! The 1.8 version! :D
I used this One before AND this IS THE BEST RESOURCE PACK EVER!
great texture pack!!!!!!!
Omg! I absolutely LOVE this texture pack and whoever did this is the best person ever (other than my family members. Honestly I think whoever comments on this texture pack is really cool! Thanks for reading and thanks SO MUCH for whoever made this texture!!!
It's a really good resource pack, and I do recommend this to everyone. I've been using it for a few months now, but I've been searching for the 64×64 version which my friends have and I can't seem to find it :/ if it's not too much to ask, could you reinstall the 64×64 resolution of this? Thanks!
i love the resource pack
Really cool texture pack! Everyone should have this.
this texture pack is beutiful so tidy and neet
This is cool texture pack, but texture pack in 3D version is better!
I like this texture pack very much! I liked the default look of minecraft but wanted something that'd look sharper and wouldn't change the look too much. I tried this one and I have to say, it's way cool! Thank you for making this texture pack, it is my favorite to use in my game.
It's perfect but the horses need to be fixed


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Home > Carbide Burrs > Carbide Burrs Ball Type D
Model: D030203-DCBrand: APT Carbide End Mills
Shipped Weight: 7g
Only 45 left in stock - order soon
Carbide End Mills APT Brand
Special Offer: A discount of 10% is available when you order 30+ items or 16% when you order 100+ items from our range of Carbide Burrs, Single and Double Cut series only EXCLUDES Aluminium Cut.
Carbide Burr Double Cut Ball Nose 3mm Diameter 3mm Shank 2mm Head Length 38mm Overall Length.
Type D with Carbide Shank.
Suitable for Steel, Stainless, Cast Iron, Titanium, Nickle and Copper.
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There has been a lot of press about health, fitness, and obesity lately. It seems like everywhere we turn, there are new stats telling us why we need to pay serious attention. As a health coach, the most common excuse I hear for physical inactivity is not lack of information, but lack of time. In this article, I'd like to explain why spending time working out also helps people work smart. In fact, I argue that the time invested in physical activity pays for itself in increased productivity.
For starters, I'd like to point out that only moving creatures have a brain. Living organisms that build roots and stay in one place all their lives may have an intelligence, but no physical brain. Creatures that move have to think in order to feed and defend themselves and survive. Harvard psychiatry professor, John Ratey, points out that it is therefore no surprise that movement generates the brain activity necessary for synaptic connections to be formed and maintained. In other words, moving facilitates learning and remembering, both of which are certainly very good skills for anyone who wants to work smart. In Ratey's words, exercise is "Mental Miracle-Gro."
Biochemicals at Work
According to Ratey and Doctors Michael Roizen and Mehmet Oz, two other neurotransmitters produced during exercise are serotonin and dopamine. These chemical messengers make us feel good and increase our energy and motivation. The link between feeling good and doing well was already clear from previous positive psychology research by Diener, Biswas-Diener, Lyubomirsky, King, and Seligman. But for the skeptics who still want more concrete (physiological) evidence, research published by Subramanian and colleagues has shown that people solve creative problems better and with more insight when in a positive mood, probably because insight is generated in the same brain region as positive emotions. Creative and insightful problem solving? I say that's productive!
Ratey and Registered Dietician, Elizabeth Somer, both point out that another helpful biochemical change caused by exercise is reduced cortisol. Cortisol is a stress hormone which modern lifestyles cause many people to over-produce. In a 2007 opinion survey, 55% of workers report being less productive at work as a result of stress. According to Nanette Mutrie and Guy Faulkner, a single session of exercise can reduce immediate feelings of anxiety.
If a single exercise session is impactful, working out regularly compounds the benefits. In an chapter called simply Toughness, authors Richard Dienstbier and Lisa Pytlik Zilling explain that aerobic activity improves the central nervous system's resistance to depletion under stress. Toughness corresponds positively to performance in challenging tasks, enhanced learning abilities, and positive physical and psychological health – all good things that enhance the ability to work efficiently.
Performance at Work
But has anyone ever studied the direct impact of exercise on work performance? James Loehr and Tony Schwartz have, and they share their results in The Power of Full Engagement. Their work confirms that through increased energy, physical fitness produces higher engagement and better work results.
There would be a lot more to say on the topic, and I have a feeling more research is to come over the next several years. But for now, let me just add one final thought for all leaders and managers: inactivity compromises organizational productivity as much as it does employee health. Due to the contractual nature of your relationship with your staff, you are in a particularly good position to influence their lifestyles. Do something about it – it's time to get moving!
Author's Note: This article was inspired by a discussion following Sherri Fisher's article, Nurturing Your Creative Mindset. It is also a follow-up to her article, When More Work Leads to Lower Achievement and to my earlier own article, When Overworking Leads to Underperforming.
Marie-Josee Shaar is the author of "Smarts and Stamina: the Busy Person's Guide to Optimal Health and Performance." Her mission is to reverse the current epidemics of sleep deprivation, obesity, depression, and physical inactivity. A Master of Applied Positive Psychology (MAPP), she is certified as a Nutrition and Wellness Consultant and as a Personal Trainer. Please visit www.SmartsAndStamina.com for more information.


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Detecting magnetic tampering using hall-effect sensors
For anti-tampering, it is common to try to detect the presence of a strong magnet. In this section, we will cover the use of hall sensors for low-power detection of strong magnetic fields in three dimensions. Details on our magnetic tamper detection reference design, TIDA-00839, will be provided as well as some of the design considerations that were kept in mind when creating this reference design.
Hardening a meter against magnetic tamper attacks
In this section, we will cover how to harden a meter against these magnetic tamper attacks by using shunts for current sensors. For poly-phase implementations, I will go over how to use isolated delta sigma modulators to add the necessary isolation to use shunt current sensors and create magnetically immune poly-phase energy measurement systems. The TIDA-00601 and TIDA-01094 reference designs, which show how to implement a poly-phase isolated shunt measurement system, will be discussed as well as the associated AMC1304 high-side power supplies used in these designs.
How High-Voltage Isolation Technology Works
Want to understand how high-voltage isolation technology works? Watch and learn about reliability testing for isolation. Filmed in TI's high-voltage lab, this series of videos will focus on capacitive isolation structure, working voltage reliability, withstand voltage capability, methods for testing reliability, and more.
2018 South Asia Industrial Webinar Series
The topics will cover system design issue and solution for Building Automation, Power Delivery and Test & Measurement. TI experts introduce the latest technology and innovation system reference design. Discover ways to enhance the time-to-market and create safer and efficient industrial systems.


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Actors' Playhouse presents The Last Five Years
Friday, December 7 through December 30, 2012. Evening performances: Wednesday through Saturday at 8 p.m.
Afternoon matinees: Sunday at 2 p.m.
A special weekday matinee is scheduled on Wednesday, December 12 at 2 p.m.
Miracle Theatre
280 Miracle Mile
Coral Gables, FL 33134
Tickets for weeknights and matinees are $40, and on Friday and Saturday evenings $48. The theatre offers a 10 percent senior discount rate the day of performance and $15 student rush tickets 15 minutes prior to curtain with identification. Discounts are based on availability and exclude Saturday and Sunday.
Group discounted rates are offered for 15 or more through our group sales department. Single tickets may be purchased through the box office at 305-444-9293 or online at www.actorsplayhouse.org.
Actors' Playhouse is thrilled to welcome back Broadway star Janet Dacal and fan-favorite Christopher A. Kent as they star in Jason Robert Brown's Drama Desk Award-winning musical The Last Five Years from December 5 – 30, 2012 at the Miracle Theatre.
The Last Five Years is a contemporary song-cycle musical that explores a five-year relationship between Jamie Wellerstein, a rising novelist, and Cathy Hiatt, a struggling actress. The story, told in the exuberant and heart-rending songs of award-winning composer Jason Robert Brown, chronicles the young couple's romance in a new and exciting way: her story starts at the end of their relationship; his begins on the day they met. Funny and uplifting, the show captures some of the most heartbreaking and universally felt moments of modern romance, and promises to be an artistic treat for South Florida audiences.
Jason Robert Brown (13, Parade, Songs for a New World) is a Tony Award-winning contemporary composer renowned for his complex orchestrations, challenging vocals, and touching songs, which fuse pop-rock stylings with theatrical lyrics.
Actors' Playhouse Artistic Director David Arisco will bring Mr. Brown's critically acclaimed score to life with a stellar two-person cast.
"To celebrate our theatre's 25th Anniversary Season with Janet Dacal, now a legitimate Broadway star, returning to where it all started for her is a unimaginable treat," said Artistic Director David Arisco. "Both Janet and her co-star Christopher A. Kent were born to sing Jason Robert Brown's incredibly demanding and delicious score."
Janet Dacal (Cathy Hiatt) starred in Broadway's Wonderland as the lead role of Alice, and also played the lead, Nina Rosario, in the Tony Award-winning Musical In the Heights, after having originated the role of Carla in the original Off-Broadway and Broadway productions. Dacal's Broadway debut was in the Beach Boys musical Good Vibrations, and she also appeared Off-Broadway in Byzantium. The actress started her professional musical theatre career in Actors' Playhouse's 2002 production of Four Guys Named José…and Una Mujer Named Maria, and also appeared in the company's productions of Five Course Love (Carbonell nomination), Urinetown and Annie.
Christopher A. Kent (Jamie Wellerstein) is a multiple Carbonell Award nominee who has starred in 30+ shows at Actors' Playhouse over the past twenty years, and performed alongside Janet Dacal in the company's 2006 production of Five Course Love. Recent credits include: Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat and Hairspray (Actors' Playhouse), The Last Five Years (Places, Please Theatre Co.), At Last (Aventura Cultural Arts Center), Song Of The Living Dead (Promethean Theatre), and Next Fall (Caldwell Theatre).
The creative team for The Last Five Years includes Musical Director Emmanuel Schvartzman, Set Designer Sean McClelland, Costume Designer Ellis Tillman, Lighting Designer Patrick Tennent and Sound Designer Alexander Herrin.
This event is made possible with the support of Miami-Dade County with the support of the Miami-Dade County Department of Cultural Affairs, The Cultural Affairs Council, The Miami-Dade County Mayor and Board of County Commissioners, with Support of the City of Coral Gables, and by the following sponsors: The Hampton Inn & Suites® Miami Airport hotel, Comcast, NBC Miami and MegaTV.Thank you for using Soul Of Miami!


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Photo: Viktor Gårdsäter
Photo: Viktor Gårdsäter
Photo: Niklas Björling
Photo: Niklas Björling
Economics at Stockholm University
The Department of Economics at Stockholm University has about 1000 undergraduate students each term and 25 faculty members. Courses are also taught by researchers at the Instutite for International Economic Studies, IIES, and the Swedish Institute for Social Research, SOFI.
The Doctoral Programme in Economics, which has about 60 students, is run jointly by the Department, IIES and SOFI.
The Department has bilateral ERASMUS agreements with close to 20 universities in Europe, and also takes part in Stockholm University's NORDPLUS and central exchange agreements.
Last updated:
November 15, 2013
Source: Department of Economics


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25 February, 2014 | (01 hr)
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Social media channels are a powerful means for attracting, recruiting, engaging, and retaining talent. While many companies have used LinkedIn, Facebook, and other channels for recruiting, there is so much more that can be done. What are some new, effective ways to use social media to extend your company's reach, wide and deep, to attract and retain talent?
Audience: Senior HR executives responsible for talent, recruiting, knowledge management, employee engagement and learning and communication executives responsible for employer branding, internal communication and social media.
Jennifer McClure
Jennifer McClure is President of Unbridled Talent, LLC a Cincinnati based consulting firm providing services to clients in the areas of attracting, recruiting, developing & engaging key talent in their organizations. Jennifer is passionate about helping businesses to improve their people stra...Full Bio
Sheri Rothman
Sheri Rothman is a senior writer at The Conference Board. She has also written for the Washington Post, Credit Union magazine, Bank Investment Marketing magazine, and numerous business websites and newsletters....Full Bio


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Although financial advisors largely support Mitt Romney as the next U.S. president, most expect President Obama will serve a second term, according to an SEI Quick Poll on Wednesday. Furthermore, an "overwhelming majority" of advisors say rather than one party gaining control, November's elections will result in a split government.
An FSI poll conducted in early February, when Newt Gingrich, Ron Paul and Rick Santorum were still campaigning, found 81% of advisors supported Romney over Obama and that about three-quarters would support any other candidate than Obama.
"Regardless of who wins the November election, advisors are keenly aware that what does or does not happen in Washington has a direct impact on the markets and, ultimately, on their clients' portfolios," Steve Onofrio, managing director for SEI Advisor Network, said in a press release. "The challenge for advisors is keeping an eye on the shifting global economic and political landscape while still managing every other aspect of their businesses effectively."
That challenge is one that troubles advisors. Although 77% of advisors believe the economy will recover, they agree it will take time for that to happen. Two-thirds say the "pessimism bubble" is not going away.
The intersection of politics and the economy is a major source of stress for advisors. The top concerns cited in the survey were entitlements, logjams in Congress and tax increases in 2013.
The survey was conducted at SEI's National Strategic Advisor Conference in May among approximately 125 financial advisors.


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Neo Change
by Daryl Sato
A NEW type of color change. Spectator choose 2 cards. With the deck sideways, top facing them, the other hand just simply a few inches from the deck passes and the card VISUALLY appears. Then another slow motion wave, the first card VISUALLY CHANGES to the second card.
This is an ultra-visual color change that you WILL perform and even fool yourself watching it in the mirror.
Created and taught in detail by Daryl Sato.
You'll learn the sleights step by step with all of the subtleties.
Running Time Approximately 10min
"Its not just a change... but its a change of physical visibility.... Its impromptu , no gimmicks, and its just totally a magic change... Its nice, need a little bit of practice but once perfected, it will kill reactions....."
- Macknonalds, Philippines
"One of the most baffling changes I've ever seen."
- Eric Taylor, New Bedford
Do you own this product? Write a review.


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Go look at the headline at National Journal. It has, it seems, come to this.
Card-carrying Romney critic Philip Klein, who's spent years writing posts dumping on RomneyCare, can't believe he's being forced to defend you-know-who:
It's nothing short of disgraceful behavior from Newt Gingrich, Jon Huntsman and Texas Gov. Rick Perry…
Romney's rivals are engaging in the type of Marxist rhetoric that we're used to hearing from Occupy Wall Street protesters, promoting an imaginary view of capitalism that's exists only in Hollywood.
In reality, capitalism is the most moral economic system ever conceived of, because it's the only one that's consistent with personal freedom. Investors such as Romney pump money into businesses, and often have to cut jobs in an attempt to make them more efficient and profitable. And sometimes they fail despite their best efforts. But by cutting their losses, they have more money to invest in other businesses, and hopefully the gains outweigh the losses. In Romney's case, he was tremendously successful overall, helping to grow businesses such as Domino's and Staples that now employ tens of thousands of workers. In the process, he produced huge returns for his investors, who in turn had more money to invest elsewhere. However tragic the displacement of some workers was, on a net basis, companies like Bain help fuel economic growth. And there's also no reason to believe that jobs that were lost – in steel investments, for instance – would have survived anyway. None of his rivals are accusing Romney of doing anything illegal or fraudulent in his business dealings, so it's purely an attack on capitalism. It's sad to see them go this route.
The money quote from Gingrich: "If somebody comes in, takes all the money out of your company and then leaves you bankrupt while they go off with millions, that's not traditional capitalism." Is that what Bain did — took all the money out of a company and then left it to die? According to the Journal, just 22 percent of the businesses acquired by Bain during Romney's tenure ended up filing for bankruptcy afterwards. Another eight percent failed, but failed so badly that Bain lost its entire investment. And yet, if you believe Perry, the reason any of these businesses were shut down "was so that Bain Capital could profit and he could get richer." Question for him and Gingrich: What rate of success in turning around acquisitions would exempt a private equity firm from charges of "looting," as Newt puts it? 90 percent? 99? A full 100?
More from Avik Roy, another RomneyCare critic, who describes this as "Romney Derangement Syndrome":
Frequently, these turnarounds initially involve layoffs — when they work, the layoffs act as a kind of pruning that allows a tree to grow again. When the turnarounds fail, however, the layoffs don't work, and the company goes bankrupt. More often than not, these bankruptcies would have happened anyway: In the case of Bain's investments in the steel industry, for example, cheap steel imports from abroad made it difficult for most American firms to survive…
#page#In some cases Bain may have made mistakes in its turnaround efforts, or misjudged an original business opportunity. That's, again, what happens in the private sector. Success is not guaranteed. On the other hand, it's fair to say that private-equity firms such as Bain Capital were responsible for many of the productivity gains, and the retreat of sclerotic labor unions, that the American economy generated in the 1990s. Rest assured that Bain would have not generated those spectacular returns for its investors, nor attracted those investors in the first place, if the majority of its investments failed…
It's been discouraging to read that many conservatives see Romney's record at Bain Capital as a liability. For the truth is the opposite: Romney is a candidate uniquely suited to defending the role of free enterprise in the American economy. When liberal politicians and journalists argue that layoffs are cruel, and that capitalism is unfair, Mitt Romney can speak to how dealing frontally with a business's problems can lead to better and more numerous jobs over the long term. He can speak not merely in abstract philosophical terms, but using the real-world examples from his successes and his failures.
Go look at the table James Pethokoukis posted tracking "creative destruction" of jobs over the 20th century. The one fair point Gingrich and Perry supporters have in defending their guys is that Romney seemed to get off awfully easy back in September when he started tearing Perry down over his Social Security rhetoric. That attack is as offensive as this one, really: At a moment when conservatives are desperate for the country to think boldly about entitlement reform, there was good ol' Mitt hammering Perry for being too bold. Could be that the Romney critics are right and that Mitt simply gets a pass for his brass-knuckles attacks because he's — allegedly — the most electable candidate, but I think there's more to it. Pandering to Republicans on entitlements is semi-accepted on the right because (a) like it or not, a lot of self-described conservative voters are fans of Social Security and Medicare and (b) the GOP itself used Mediscare arguments to great effect in the 2010 midterm elections in campaigning against ObamaCare. The attacks on Romney's "creative destruction" in the private sector are unusual for a Republican campaign, though, and sit badly after months of screeching from OWSers about "the one percent." (The boss emeritus, in fact, describes Gingrich and Perry as having "gone Occupier.") If the right stands for anything, it's capitalism — even more so than entitlement reform, strong defense, or "values." Quoth the Club for Growth, "Newt Gingrich's attacks on Mitt Romney's record at Bain Capital are disgusting… Because of the efforts of Bain Capital, major companies like Staples, Domino's Pizza, and the Sports Authority now employ thousands of people and have created billions in wealth in the private economy. Attacking Governor Romney for participating in free-market capitalism is just beyond the pale for any purported 'Reagan Conservative.'"
Fairly or not, I think Gingrich and Perry are also paying a price today because their timing stinks of desperation. If Romney's buyout record troubled them, they should have clubbed him with it from the beginning. Turning to it in the eleventh hour, after he's won Iowa and is on the brink of putting them on ice in New Hampshire, makes it look like something they've resorted to not because they believe it but because it might work. And yeah, I know — politics ain't beanbag, but if you're going to hit a guy hard, can you at least not betray everything you supposedly believe about free markets in doing so? If Newt really does believe what he's saying, why did he take it back after he attacked Romney on Bain the first time? Exit quotation from Rick Santorum, when asked to criticize Romney on Bain: "I'm not making it a liability. I believe in the private sector."
Update: Here's the best question of all: If you want to hit Romney for what happened at Bain, why not focus on this?


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Elastic properties of thin h-BN films investigated by Brillouin light scattering
- Hexagonal BN films have been deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering with simultaneous ion plating. The elastic properties of the films grown on silicon substrates under identical coating conditions have been de-termined by Brillouin light scattering from thermally excited surface phonons. Four of the five independent elastic constants of the deposited material are found to be c11 = 65 GPa, c13 = 7 GPa, c33 = 92 GPa and c44 = 53 GPa exhibiting an elastic anisotropy c11/c33 of 0.7. The Young's modulus determined with load indenta-tion is distinctly larger than the corresponding value taken from Brillouin light scattering. This discrepancy is attributed to the specific morphology of the material with nanocrystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix.
|T. Wittkowski, J. Jorzick, K. Jung, Burkard Hillebrands
|URN (permanent link):
|Document Type:
|Language of publication:
|Year of Completion:
|Year of Publication:
|Publishing Institute:
|Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
|Date of the Publication (Server):
|Brillouin light scattering; Elastic properties; thin h-BN films
|Faculties / Organisational entities:
|Fachbereich Physik
|5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 530 Physik
|Licence (German):
|Standard gemäß KLUEDO-Leitlinien vor dem 27.05.2011