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Prince, Mary
Leaving Mary's narrative, for the present, without comment to the reader's reflections, I proceed to state some circumstances connected with her case which have fallen more particularly under my own notice, and which I consider it incumbent now to lay fully before the public.
About the latter end of November, 1828, this poor woman found her way to the office of the Anti-Slavery Society in Aldermanbury, by the aid of a person who had become acquainted with her situation, and had advised her to apply there for advice and assistance. After some preliminary examination into the accuracy of the circumstances related by her, I went along with her to Mr. George Stephen, solicitor, and requested him to investigate and draw up a statement of her case, and have it submitted to counsel, in order to ascertain whether or not, under the circumstances, her freedom could be legally established on her return to Antigua. On this occasion, in Mr. Stephen's presence and mine, she expressed, in very strong terms, her anxiety to return thither if she could go as a free person, and, at the same time, her extreme apprehensions of the fate that would probably await her if she returned as a slave. Her words were, "I would rather go into my grave than go back a slave to Antigua, though I wish to go back to my husband very much--very much--very much! I am much afraid my owners would separate me from my husband, and use me very hard, or perhaps sell me for a field negro;--and slavery is too too bad. I would rather go into my grave!"
The paper which Mr. Wood had given her before she left his house, was placed by her in Mr. Stephen's hands. It was expressed in the following terms:--
"I have already told Molly, and now give it her in writing, in order that there may be no misunderstanding on her part, that as I brought her from Antigua at her own request and entreaty, and that she is consequently now free, she is of course at liberty to take her baggage and go where she pleases. And, in consequence of her late conduct, she must do one of two things--either quit the house, or return to Antigua by the earliest opportunity, as she does not evince a disposition to make herself useful. As she is a stranger in London, I do not wish to turn
This paper, though not devoid of inconsistencies, which will be apparent to any attentive reader, is craftily expressed; and was well devised to serve the purpose which the writer had obviously in view, namely, to frustrate any appeal which the friendless black woman might make to the sympathy of strangers, and thus prevent her from obtaining an asylum, if she left his house, from any respectable family. As she had no one to refer to for a character in this country except himself, he doubtless calculated securely on her being speedily driven back, as soon as the slender fund she had in her possession was expended, to throw herself unconditionally upon his tender mercies; and his disappointment in this expectation appears to have exasperated his feelings of resentment towards the poor woman, to a degree which few persons alive to the claims of common justice, not to speak of christianity or common humanity, could easily have anticipated. Such, at least, seems the only intelligible inference that can be drawn from his subsequent conduct.
The case having been submitted, by desire of the Anti-Slavery Committee, to the consideration of Dr. Lushington and Mr. Sergeant Stephen, it was found that there existed no legal means of compelling Mary's master to grant her manumission; and that if she returned to Antigua, she would inevitably fall again under his power, or that of his attorneys, as a slave. It was, however, resolved to try what could be effected for her by amicable negotiation; and with this view Mr. Ravenscroft, a solicitor, (Mr. Stephen's relative,) called upon Mr. Wood, in order to ascertain whether he would consent to Mary's manumission on any reasonable terms, and to refer, if required, the amount of compensation for her value to arbitration. Mr. Ravenscroft with some difficulty obtained one or two interviews, but found Mr. Wood so full of animosity against the woman, and so firmly bent against any arrangement having her freedom for its object, that the negotiation was soon broken off as hopeless. The angry slave-owner declared "that he would not move a finger about her in this country, or grant her manumission on any terms whatever; and that if she went back to the West Indies, she must take the consequences."
This unreasonable conduct of Mr. Wood, induced the Anti-Slavery Committee, after several other abortive attempts to effect a compromise, to think of bringing the case under the notice of Parliament. The heads of Mary's statement were accordingly engrossed in a Petition, which Dr. Lushington offered to present, and to give notice at the same time of his intention to bring in a Bill to provide for the entire emancipation of all slaves brought to England with the owner's consent. But before this step was taken, Dr. Lushington again had recourse to negociation with the master; and, partly through the friendly intervention of Mr. Manning, partly by personal conference, used every persuasion in his power to induce Mr. Wood to relent and let the bondwoman go free.
Every exertion for Mary's relief having thus failed; and being fully convinced from a twelvemonth's observation of her conduct, that she was really a well-disposed and respectable woman; I engaged her, in December 1829, as a domestic servant in my own family. In this capacity she has remained ever since; and I am thus enabled to speak of her conduct and character with a degree of confidence I could not have otherwise done. The importance of this circumstance will appear in the sequel.
From the time of Mr. Wood's departure to Antigua, in 1829, till June or July last, no farther effort was attempted for Mary's relief. Some faint hope was still cherished that this unconscionable man would at length relent, and "in his own time and way," grant the prayer of the exiled negro woman. After waiting, however, nearly twelvemonths longer, and seeing the poor woman's spirits daily sinking under the sickening influence of hope deferred, I resolved on a final attempt in her behalf, through the intervention of the Moravian Missionaries, and of the Governor of Antigua. At my request, Mr. Edward Moore, agent of the Moravian Brethren in London, wrote to the Rev. Joseph Newby, their Missionary in that island, empowering him to negotiate in his own name with Mr. Wood for Mary's manumission, and to procure his consent, if possible, upon terms of ample pecuniary compensation. At the same time the excellent and benevolent William Allen, of the Society of Friends, wrote to Sir Patrick Ross, the Governor of the Colony, with whom he was on terms of friendship, soliciting him to use his influence in persuading Mr. Wood to consent: and I confess I was sanguine enough to flatter myself that we should thus at length prevail. The result proved, however, that I had not yet fully appreciated the character of the man we had to deal with.
Mr. Newby's answer arrived early in November last, mentioning that
A few weeks afterwards I was informed by Mr. Allen, that he had received a letter from Sir Patrick Ross, stating that he also had used his best endeavours in the affair, but equally without effect. Sir Patrick at the same time inclosed a letter, addressed by Mr. Wood to his Secretary, Mr. Taylor, assigning his reasons for persisting in this extraordinary course. This letter requires our special attention. Its tenor is as follows:--
"My dear Sir,
"In reply to your note relative to the woman Molly, I beg you will have the kindness to oblige me by assuring his Excellency that I regret exceedingly my inability to comply with his request, which under other circumstances would afford me very great pleasure.
"There are many and powerful reasons for inducing me to refuse my sanction to her returning here in the way she seems to wish. It would be to reward the worst species of ingratitude, and subject myself to insult whenever she came in my way. Her moral character is very bad, as the police records will shew; and she would be a very troublesome character should she come here without any restraint. She is not a native of this country, and I know of no relation she has here. I induced her to take a husband, a short time before she left this, by providing a comfortable house in my yard for them, and prohibiting her going out after 10 to 12 o'clock (our bed-time) without special leave. This she considered the greatest, and indeed the only, grievance she ever complained of, and all my efforts could not prevent it. In hopes of inducing her to be steady to her husband, who was a free man, I gave him the house to occupy during our absence; but it appears the attachment was too loose to bind her, and he has taken another wife: so on that score I do her no injury.--In England she made her election, and quitted my family. This I had no right to object to; and I should have thought no more of it, but not satisfied to leave quietly, she gave every trouble and annoyance in her power, and endeavoured to injure the character of my family by the most vile and infamous falsehoods, which was embodied in a petition to the House of Commons, and would have been presented, had not my friends from this island, particularly the Hon. Mr. Byam and Dr. Coull, come forward, and disproved what she had asserted.
"It would be beyond the limits of an ordinary letter to detail her baseness, though I will do so should his Excellency wish it; but you may judge of her depravity by one circumstance, which came out before Mr. Justice Dyett, in a quarrel with another female.
"Such a thing I could not have believed possible. *
(*) I omit the circumstance here mentioned, because it is too indecent to appear in a publication likely to be perused by females. It is, in all probability, a vile calumny; but even if it were perfectly true, it would not serve Mr. Wood's case one straw.--Any reader who wishes it, may see the passage referred to, in the autograph letter in my possession. T.P.
"Losing her value as a slave in a pecuniary point of view I consider of no consequence; for it was our intention, had she conducted herself properly and returned with us, to have given her freedom. She has taken her freedom; and all I wish is, that she would enjoy it without meddling with me.
"Let me again repeat, if his Excellency wishes it, it will afford me great pleasure
"My only excuse for entering so much into detail must be that of my anxious wish to stand justified in his Excellency's opinion."I am, my dear Sir,
Yours very truly,
John A. Wood .
"20 th Oct. 1830."
" Charles Taylor, Esq.
&c. &c. &c.
"I forgot to mention that it was at her own special request that she accompanied me to England--and also that she had a considerable sum of money with her, which she had saved in my service. I knew of �36 to �40, at least, for I had some trouble to recover it from a white man, to whom she had lent it. "J.A.W."
Such is Mr. Wood's justification of his conduct in thus obstinately refusing manumission to the Negro-woman who had escaped from his "house of bondage."
Let us now endeavour to estimate the validity of the excuses assigned, and the allegations advanced by him, for the information of Governor Sir Patrick Ross, in this deliberate statement of his case.
1. To allow the woman to return home free, would, he affirms "be to reward the worst species of ingratitude."
He assumes, it seems, the sovereign power of pronouncing a virtual sentence of banishment, for the alleged crime of ingratitude. Is this then a power which any man ought to possess over his fellow-mortal? or which any good man would ever wish to exercise? And, besides, there is no evidence whatever, beyond Mr. Wood's mere assertion, that Mary Prince owed him or his family the slightest mark of gratitude. Her account of the treatment she received in his service, may be incorrect; but her simple statement is at least supported by minute and feasible details, and, unless rebutted by positive facts, will certainly command credence from impartial minds more readily than his angry accusation, which has something absurd and improbable in its very front. Moreover, is it not absurd to term the assertion of her natural rights by a slave,--even supposing her to have been kindly dealt with by her "owners," and treated in every respect the reverse of what Mary affirms to have been her treatment by Mr. Wood and his wife,--"the worst species of ingratitude?" This may be West Indian ethics, but it will scarcely be received as sound doctrine in Europe.
2. To permit her return would be "to subject himself to insult whenever she came in his way."
This is a most extraordinary assertion. Are the laws of Antigua then so favourable to the free blacks, or the colonial police so feebly administered, that there are no sufficient restraints to protect a rich colonist like Mr. Wood,--a man who counts among his familiar friends the Honourable Mr. Byam, and Mr. Taylor the Government Secretary,--from being insulted by a poor Negro-woman? It is preposterous.
3. Her moral character is so bad, that she would prove very troublesome should she come to the colony "without any restraint."
"Any restraint?" Are there no restraints (supposing them necessary) short of absolute slavery to keep "troublesome characters" in order? But this, I suppose, is the argumentum ad gubernatorem--to frighten the governor. She is such a termagant, it seems, that if she once gets back to the colony free, she will not only make it too hot for poor Mr. Wood, but the police and courts of justice will scarce be a match for her! Sir Patrick Ross, no doubt, will take care how he intercedes farther for so formidable a virago! How can one treat such arguments seriously?
4. She is not a native of the colony, and he knows of no relation she has there.
True: But was it not her home (so far as a slave can have a home) for thirteen or fourteen years? Were not the connexions, friendships, and associations of her mature life formed there? Was it not there she hoped to spend her latter years in domestic tranquillity with her husband, free from the lash of the taskmaster? These considerations may appear light to Mr. Wood, but they are every thing to this poor woman.
5. He induced her, he says, to take a husband, a short time before she left Antigua, and gave them a comfortable house in his yard, &c &c
This paragraph merits attention. He " induced her to take a husband?" If the fact were true, what brutality of mind and manners does it not indicate among these slave-holders? They refuse to legalize the marriages of their slaves, but induce them to form such temporary connexions as may suit the owner's conveniency, just as they would pair the lower animals; and this man has the effrontery to tell us so! Mary, however, tells a very different story, (see page 17;) and her assertion, independently of other proof, is at least as credible as Mr. Wood's. The reader will judge for himself as to the preponderance of internal evidence in the conflicting statements.
6. He alleges that she was, before marriage, licentious, and even depraved in her conduct, and unfaithful to her husband afterwards.
These are serious charges. But if true, or even partially true, how comes it that a person so correct in his family hours and arrangements as Mr. Wood professes to be, and who expresses so edifying a horror of licentiousness, could reconcile it to his conscience to keep in the bosom of his family so depraved, as well as so troublesome a character for at least thirteen years, and confide to her for long periods too the charge of his house and the care of his children--for such I shall shew to have been the facts? How can he account for not having rid himself with all speed, of so disreputable an inmate--he who values her loss so little "in a pecuniary point of view?" How can he account for having sold five other slaves in that period, and yet have retained this shocking woman--nay, even have refused to sell her, on more than one occasion, when offered her full value? It could not be from ignorance of her character, for the circumstance which he adduces as a proof of her shameless depravity, and which I have omitted on account of its indecency, occurred, it would appear, not less than ten years ago. Yet, notwithstanding her alleged ill qualities and habits of gross immorality, he has not only constantly refused to part with her; but after thirteen long years, brings her to England as an attendant on his wife and children, with the avowed intention of carrying her back along with his maiden daughter, a young
7. Her husband, he says, has taken another wife; "so that on that score," he adds, "he does her no injury."
Supposing this fact be true, (which I doubt, as I doubt every mere assertion from so questionable a quarter,) I shall take leave to put a question or two to Mr. Wood's conscience. Did he not write from England to his friend Mr. Darrel, soon after Mary left his house, directing him to turn her husband, Daniel James, off his premises, on account of her offence; telling him to inform James at the same time that his wife had taken up with another man, who had robbed her of all she had--a calumny as groundless as it was cruel? I further ask if the person who invented this story (whoever he may be,) was not likely enough to impose similar fabrications on the poor negro man's credulity, until he may have been induced to prove false to his marriage vows, and to "take another wife," as Mr. Wood coolly expresses it? But withal, I strongly doubt the fact of Daniel James' infidelity; for there is now before me a letter from himself to Mary, dated in April 1830, couched in strong terms of conjugal affection; expressing his anxiety for her speedy return, and stating that he had lately "received a grace" (a token of religious advancement) in the Moravian church, a circumstance altogether incredible if the man were living in open adultery, as Mr. Wood's assertion implies.
8. Mary, he says, endeavoured to injure the character of his family by infamous falsehoods, which were embodied in a petition to the House of Commons, and would have been presented, had not his friends from Antigua, the Hon. Mr. Byam, and Dr. Coull, disproved her assertions.
I can say something on this point from my own knowledge. Mary's petition contained simply a brief statement of her case, and, among other things, mentioned the treatment she had received from Mr. and Mrs. Wood. Now the principal facts are corroborated by other evidence, and Mr. Wood must bring forward very different testimony from that of Dr. Coull before well-informed persons will give credit to his contradiction. The value of that person's evidence in such cases will be noticed presently. Of the Hon. Mr. Byam I know nothing, and shall only at present remark that it is not likely to redound greatly to his credit to appear in such company. Furthermore, Mary's petition was presented, as Mr. Wood ought to know; though it was not discussed, nor his conduct exposed as it ought to have been.
9. He speaks of the liability he should incur, under the Consolidated Slave Law, of dealing with a free person as a slave.
Is not this pretext hypocritical in the extreme? What liabiltiy could he possibly incur by voluntarily resigning the power, conferred on him by an iniquitous colonial law, of re-imposing the shackles of slavery on the bondwoman from whose limbs they had fallen when she touched the free soil of England?--There exists no liability from which he might not have been easily secured, or for which he would not have been fully compensated.
He adds in a postscript that Mary had a considerable sum of money with her,--from �36 to �40 at least, which she had saved in his service. The fact is, that she had at one time 113 dollars in cash; but only a very small portion of that sum appears to have been brought by her to England, the rest having been partly advanced, as she states, to assist her husband, and partly lost by being lodged in unfaithful custody.
Finally, Mr. Wood repeats twice that it will afford him great pleasure to state for the governor's satisfaction, if required, such particulars of "the woman Molly," upon incontestable evidence, as he is sure will acquit him in his Excellency's opinion "of acting unkind or ungenerous towards her."
This is well: and I now call upon Mr. Wood to redeem his pledge;--to bring forward facts and proofs fully to elucidate the subject;--to reconcile, if he can, the extraordinary discrepancies which I have pointed out between his assertions and the actual facts, and especially between his account of Mary Prince's character and his own conduct in regard to her. He has now to produce such a statement as will acquit him not only in the opinion of Sir Patrick Ross, but of the British public. And in this position he has spontaneously placed himself, in attempting to destroy, by his deliberate criminatory letter, the poor woman's fair fame and reputation,--an attempt but for which the present publication would probably never have appeared.
Here perhaps we might safely leave the case to the judgment of the public; but as this negro woman's character, not the less valuable to her because her condition is so humble, has been so unscrupulously blackened by her late master, a party so much interested and inclined to place her in the worst point of view,--it is incumbent on me, as her advocate with the public, to state such additional testimony in her behalf as I can fairly and conscientiously adduce.
My first evidence is Mr. Joseph Phillips, of Antigua. Having submitted to his inspection Mr. Wood's letter and Mary Prince's narrative, and requested his candid and deliberate sentiments in regard to the actual facts of the case, I have been favoured with the following letter from him on the subject:--
"London, January 18, 1831. "Dear Sir,
"In giving you my opinion of Mary Prince's narrative, and of Mr. Wood's letter respecting her, addressed to Mr. Taylor, I shall first mention my opportunities of forming a proper estimate of the conduct and character of both parties.
"I have known Mr. Wood since his first arrival in Antigua in 1803. He was then a poor young man, who had been brought up as a ship carpenter in Bermuda. He was afterwards raised to be a clerk in the Commissariat department, and realised sufficient capital to commence business as a merchant. This last profession he has followed successfully for a good many years, and is understood to have accumulated very considerable wealth. After he entered into trade, I had constant intercourse with him in the way of business; and in 1824, and 1825, I was regularly employed on his premises as his clerk; consequently, I had opportunities of seeing a good deal of his character both as a merchant and as a master of slaves. The former topic I pass over as irrelevant to the present subject: in reference to the latter, I shall merely observe that he was not, in regard to ordinary
"Of their slave Molly (or Mary) I know less than of Mr. and Mrs. Wood; but I saw and heard enough of her, both while I was constantly employed on Mr. Wood's premises, and while I was there occasionally on business, to be quite certain that she was viewed by her owners as their most respectable and trustworthy female slave. It is within my personal knowledge that she had usually the charge of the house in their absence, was entrusted with the keys, &c.; and was always considered by the neighbours and visitors as their confidential household servant, and as a person in whose integrity they placed unlimited confidence,--although when Mrs. Wood was at home, she was no doubt kept pretty closely at washing and other hard work. A decided proof of the estimation in which she was held by her owners exists in the fact that Mr. Wood uniformly refused to part with her, whereas he sold five other slaves while she was with them. Indeed, she always appeared to me to be a slave of superior intelligence and respectability; and I always understood such to be her general character in the place.
"As to what Mr. Wood alleges about her being frequently before the police, &c. I can only say I never heard of the circumstance before; and as I lived for twenty years in the same small town, and in the vicinity of their residence, I think I could scarcely have failed to become acquainted with it, had such been the fact. She might, however, have been occasionally before the magistrate in consequence of little disputes among the slaves, without any serious imputation on her general respectability. She says she was twice summoned to appear as a witness on such occasions; and that she was once sent by her mistress to be confined in the Cage, and was afterwards flogged by her desire. This cruel practice is very common in Antigua; and, in my opinion, is but little creditable to the slave owners and magistrates by whom such arbitrary punishments are inflicted, frequently for very trifling faults. Mr. James Scotland is the only magistrate in the colony who invariably refuses to sanction this reprehensible practice.
"Of the immoral conduct ascribed to Molly by Mr. Wood, I can say nothing further than this--that I have heard she had at a former period (previous to her marriage) a connexion with a white person, a Capt. --, which I have no doubt was broken off when she became seriously impressed with religion. But, at any rate, such connexions are so common, I might almost say universal, in our slave colonies, that except by the missionaries and a few serious persons, they are considered, if faults at all, so very venial as scarcely to deserve the name of immorality. Mr. Wood knows this colonial estimate of such connexions as well as I do; and, however false such an estimate must be allowed to be, especially when applied to their own conduct by persons of education, pretending to adhere to the pure Christian rule of morals-yet when he ascribes to a negro slave, to whom legal marriage was denied, such great criminality for laxity of this sort, and professes to be so exceedingly shocked and amazed at the tale he himself relates, he must, I am confident, have had a farther object in view than the information of Mr. Taylor or Sir Patrick Ross. He must, it is evident, have been aware that his letter would be sent to Mr. Allen, and accordingly adapted it, as more important documents from the colonies are often adapted, for effect in England. The tale of the slave Molly's immoralities, be assured, was not intended for Antigua so much as for Stoke Newington, and Peckham, and Aldermanbury.
"In regard to Mary's narrative generally, although I cannot speak to the accuracy of the details, except in a few recent particulars, I can with safety declare that I see no reason to question the truth of a single fact stated by her, or even to suspect her in any instance of intentional exaggeration. It bears in my judgment
"P.S. As Mr. Wood refers to the evidence of Dr. T. Coull in opposition to Mary's assertions, it may be proper to enable you justly to estimate the worth of that person's evidence in cases connected with the condition and treatment of slaves. You are aware that in 1829, Mr. M'Queen of Glasgow, in noticing a Report of the "Ladies' Society of Birmingham for the relief of British Negro Slaves," asserted with his characteristic audacity, that the statement which it contained respecting distressed and deserted slaves in Antigua was "an abominable falsehood." Not contented with this, and with insinuating that I, as agent of the society in the distribution of their charity in Antigua, had fraudulently duped them out of their money by a fabricated tale of distress, Mr. M'Queen proceeded to libel me in the most opprobrious terms, as "a man of the most worthless and abandoned character." *
(*) In elucidation of the circumstances above referred to, I subjoin the following extracts from the Report of the Birmingham Ladies' Society for 1830:--"As a portion of the funds of this association has been appropriated to assist the benevolent efforts of a society which has for fifteen years afforded relief to distressed and deserted slaves in Antigua, it may not be uninteresting to our friends to learn the manner in which the agent of this society has been treated for simply obeying the command of our Saviour, by ministering, like the good Samaritan, to the distresses of the helpless and the desolate. The society's proceedings being adverted to by a friend of Africa, at one of the public meetings held in this country, a West Indian planter, who was present, wrote over to his friends in Antigua, and represented the conduct of the distributors of this charity in such a light, that it was deemed worthy of the cognizance of the House of Assembly. Mr. Joseph Phillips, a resident of the island, who had most kindly and disinterestedly exerted himself in the distribution of the money from England among the poor deserted slaves, was brought before the Assembly, and most severely interrogated: on his refusing to deliver up his private correspondence with his friends in England, he was thrown into a loathsome jail, where he was kept for nearly five months; while his loss of business, and the oppressive proceedings instituted against him, were involving him in poverty and ruin. On his discharge by the House of Assembly, he was seized in their lobby for debt, and again imprisoned.""In our report for the year 1826, we quoted a passage from the 13th Report of the Society for the relief of deserted Slaves in the island of Antigua, in reference to a case of great distress. This statement fell into the hands of Mr. M'Queen, the Editor of the Glasgow Courier. Of the consequences resulting from this circumstance we only gained information through the Leicester Chronicle, which had copied an article from the Weekly Register of Antigua, dated St. John's, September 22, 1829. We find from this that Mr. M'Queen affirms, that 'with the exception of the fact that the society is, as it deserves to be, duped out of its money, the whole tale' (of the distress above referred to) 'is an abominable falsehood.' This statement, which we are informed has appeared in many of the public papers, is COMPLETELY REFUTED in our Appendix, No. 4, to which we refer our readers. Mr. M'Queen's statements, we regret to say, would lead many to believe that there are no deserted Negroes to assist; and that the case mentioned was a perfect fabrication. He also distinctly avers, that the disinterested and humane agent of the society, Mr. Joseph Phillips, is 'a man of the most worthless and abandoned character.' In opposition to this statement, we learn the good character of Mr. Phillips from those who have long been acquainted with his laudable exertions in the cause of humanity, and from the Editor of the Weekly Register of Antigua, who speaks, on his own knowledge, of more than twenty years back; confidently appealing at the same time to the inhabitants of the colony in which he resides for the truth of his averments, and producing a testimonial to Mr. Phillips's good character signed by two members of the Antigua House of Assembly, and by Mr. Wyke, the collector of his Majesty's customs, and by Antigua merchants, as follows--'that they have been acquainted with him the last four years and upwards, and he has always conducted himself in an upright becoming manner--his character we know to be unimpeached, and his morals unexceptionable.'(Signed) "Thomas Saunderson John D. TaylorJohn A. Wood George WykeSamuel L. Darrel Robert Grant." Giles S. Musson"St. John's, Antigua, June 28, 1825."In addition to the above testimonies, Mr. Phillips has brought over to England with him others of a more recent date, from some of the most respectable persons in Antigua--sufficient to cover with confusion all his unprincipled calumniators. See also his account of his own case in the Anti-Slavery Reporter, No. 74, p. 69. Now I know from good authority that
I leave the preceding letter to be candidly weighed by the reader in opposition to the inculpatory allegations of Mr. Wood--merely remarking that Mr. Wood will find it somewhat difficult to impugn the evidence of Mr. Phillips, whose "upright," "unimpeached," and "unexceptionable" character, he has himself vouched for in unqualified terms, by affixing his signature to the testimonial published in the Weekly Register of Antigua in 1825. (See Note below.)
The next testimony in Mary's behalf is that of Mrs. Forsyth, a lady in whose service she spent the summer of 1829.--(See page 21.) This lady, on leaving London to join her husband, voluntarily presented Mary with a certificate, which, though it relates only to a recent and short period of her history, is a strong corroboration of the habitual respectability of her character. It is in the following terms:--
"Mrs. Forsyth states, that the bearer of this paper (Mary James,) has been with her for the last six months; that she has found her an excellent character, being honest, industrious, and sober; and that she parts with her on no other account than this--that being obliged to travel with her husband, who has lately come from abroad in bad health, she has no farther need of a servant. Any person wishing to engage her, can have her character in full from Miss Robson, 4, Keppel Street, Russel Square, whom Mrs. Forsyth has requested to furnish particulars to any one desiring them.
"4, Keppel Street, 28th Sept. 1829."
In the last place, I add my own testimony in behalf of this negro woman. Independently of the scrutiny, which, as Secretary of the Anti-Slavery Society, I made into her case when she first applied for assistance, at 18, Aldermanbury, and the watchful eye I kept upon her conduct for the ensuing twelvemonths, while she was the occasional pensioner of the Society, I have now had the opportunity of closely observing her conduct for fourteen months, in the situation of a domestic
But after all, Mary's character, important though its exculpation, be to her, is not really the point of chief practical interest in this case. Suppose all Mr. Wood's defamatory allegations to be true--suppose him to be able to rake up against her out of the records of the Antigua police, or from the veracious testimony of his brother colonists, twenty stories as bad or worse than what he insinuates--suppose the whole of her own statement to be false, and even the whole of her conduct since she came under our observation here to be a tissue of hypocrisy:--suppose all this--and leave the negro woman as black in character as in complexion, *
(*) If it even were so, how strong a plea of palliation might not the poor negro bring, by adducing the neglect of her various owners to afford religious instruction or moral discipline, and the habitual influence of their evil example (to say the very least,) before her eyes? What moral good could she possibly learn--what moral evil could she easily escape, white under the uncontrolled power of such masters as she describes Captain I--and Mr. D--of Turk's Island? All things considered, it is indeed wonderful to find her such as she now is. But as she has herself piously expressed it, "that God whom then she knew not mercifully preserved her for better things." --yet it would affect not the main facts--which are these.--1. Mr. Wood, not daring in England to punish this woman arbitrarily, as he would have done in the West Indies, drove her out of his house, or
(*) Since the preceding pages were printed off, I have been favoured with a communication from the Rev. J. Curtin, to whom among other acquaintances of Mr. Wood's in this country, the entire proof sheets of this pamphlet had been sent for inspection. Mr. Curtin corrects some omissions and inaccuracies in Mary Prince's narrative (see page 17,) by stating, 1. That she was baptized, not in August, but on the 6th of April, 1817; 2. That sometime before her baptism, on her being admitted a catechumen, preparatory to that holy ordinance, she brought a note from her owner, Mr. Wood, recommending her for religious instruction, &c.; 3. That it was his usual practice, when any adult slaves came on week days to school, to require their owners' permission for their attendance; but that on Sundays the chapel was open indiscriminately to all.--Mary, after a personal interview with Mr. Curtin, and after hearing his letter read by me, still maintains that Mr. Wood's note recommended her for baptism merely, and that she never received any religious instruction whatever from Mr. and Mrs. Wood, or from any one else at that period beyond what she has stated in her narrative. In regard to her non-admission to the Sunday school without permission from her owners, she admits that she may possibly have mistaken the clergyman's meaning on that point, but says that such was certainly her impression at the time, and the actual cause of her non-attendance.Mr. Curtin finds in his books some reference to Mary's connection with a Captain--, (the individual, I believe, alluded to by Mr. Phillips at page 32); but he states that when she attended his chapel she was always decently and becomingly dressed, and appeared to him to be in a situation of trust in her mistress's family.Mr. Curtin offers no comment on any other part of Mary's statement; but he speaks in very favourable, though general terms of the respectability of Mr. Wood, whom he had known for many years in Antigua; and of Mrs. Wood, though she was not personally known to him, he says, that he had "heard her spoken of by those of her acquaintance, as a lady of very mild and amiable manners."Another friend of Mr. and Mrs. Wood, a lady who had been their guest both in Antigua and England, alleges that Mary has grossly misrepresented them in her narrative; and says that she "can vouch for their being the most benevolent, kindhearted people that can possibly live." She has declined, however, to furnish me with any written correction of the misrepresentations she complains of, although I offered to insert her testimony in behalf of her friends, if sent to me in time. And having already kept back the publication a fortnight waiting for communications of this sort, I will not delay it longer. Those who have withheld their strictures have only themselves to blame.Of the general character of Mr. and Mrs. Wood, I would not designedly give any unfair impression. Without implicitly adopting either the ex parte view of Mary Prince, or the unmeasured encomiums of their friends, I am willing to believe them to be, on the whole, fair, perhaps favourable, specimens of colonial character. Let them even be rated, if you will, in the very highest and most benevolent class of slaveholders; and, laying every thing else entirely out of view, let Mr. Wood's conduct in this affair be tried exclusively by the facts established beyond dispute, and by his own statement of the case in his letter to Mr. Taylor. But then, I ask, if the very best and mildest of your slave-owners can act as Mr. Wood is proved to have acted, what is to be expected of persons whose mildness, or equity, or common humanity no one will dare to vouch for? If such things are done in the green tree, what will be done in the dry?--And what else then can Colonial Slavery possibly be, even in its best estate, but a system incurably evil and iniquitous?--I require no other data--I need add no further comment.
The case affords a most instructive illustration of the true spirit of the slave system, and of the pretensions of the slaveholders to assert, not merely their claims to a "vested right" in the labour of their bondmen, but to an indefeasible property in them as their "absolute chattels." It furnishes a striking practical comment on the assertions of the West Indians that self-interest is a sufficient check to the indulgence of vindictive feelings in the master; for here is a case where a man (a respectable and benevolent man as his friends aver,) prefers losing entirely the full price of the slave, for the mere satisfaction of preventing a poor black woman from returning home to her husband! If the pleasure of thwarting the benevolent wishes of the Anti-Slavery Society in behalf of the deserted negro, be an additional motive with Mr. Wood, it will not much mend his wretched plea.
I may here add a few words respecting the earlier portion of Mary Prince's narrative. The facts there stated must necessarily rest entirely,--since we have no collateral evidence,--upon their intrinsic claims to probability, and upon the reliance the reader may feel disposed, after perusing the foregoing pages, to place on her veracity. To my judgment, the internal evidence of the truth of her narrative appears remarkably strong. The circumstances are related in a tone of natural sincerity, and are accompanied in almost every case with characteristic and minute details, which must, I conceive, carry with them full conviction to every candid mind that this negro woman has actually seen, felt, and suffered all that she so impressively describes; and that the picture she has given of West Indian slavery is not less true than it is revolting.
But there may be some persons into whose hands this tract may fall, so imperfectly acquainted with the real character of Negro Slavery, as to be shocked into partial, if not absolute incredulity, by the acts of inhuman oppression and brutality related of Capt. I-- and his wife, and of Mr. D--, the salt manufacturer of Turk's Island. Here, at least, such persons may be disposed to think, there surely must be some exaggeration; the facts are too shocking to be credible. The facts are indeed shocking, but unhappily not the less credible on that account. Slavery is a curse to the oppressor scarcely less than to the oppressed: its natural tendency is to brutalize both. After a residence myself of six years in a slave colony, I am inclined to doubt whether, a regards its demoralizing influence, the master is not even a greater object of compassion than his bondman. Let those who are disposed to doubt the atrocities related in this narrative, on the testimony of a sufferer, examine the details of many cases of similar barbarity that have lately come before the public, on unquestionable evidence. Passing over the reports of the Fiscal of Berbice, *
(*) See Anti-Slavery Reporter, Nos. 5 and 16. and the Mauritius horrors recently unveiled,
(†) Ibid, No. 44. let them consider the case of Mr. and Mrs. Moss, of the Bahamas, and their slave Kate, so justly denounced by the Secretary for the Colonies;
(‡) Ibid, No. 47. --the cases of Eleanor Mead, �
(§) Ibid, No. 64, p. 345; No. 71, p. 481. --of Henry Williams, |
(|) Ibid, No. 65, p. 356; No. 69, p. 431. --and
(*) Anti-Slavery Reporter, Nos. 66, 69, and 76. in Jamaica. These cases alone might suffice to demonstrate the inevitable tendency of slavery as it exists in our colonies, to brutalize the master to a truly frightful degree--a degree which would often cast into the shade even the atrocities related in the narrative of Mary Prince; and which are sufficient to prove, independently of all other evidence, that there is nothing in the revolting character of the facts to affect their credibility; but that on the contrary, similar deeds are at this very time of frequent occurrence in almost every one of our slave colonies. The system of coercive labour may vary in different places; it may be more destructive to human life in the cane culture of Mauritius and Jamaica, than in the predial and domestic bondage of Bermuda or the Bahamas,--but the spirit and character of slavery are every where the same, and cannot fail to produce similar effects. Wherever slavery prevails, there will inevitably be found cruelty and oppression. Individuals who have preserved humane, and amiable, and tolerant dispositions towards their black dependents, may doubtless be found among slave-holders; but even where a happy instance of this sort occurs, such as Mary's first mistress, the kindhearted Mrs. Williams, the favoured condition of the slave is still as precarious as it is rare: it is every moment at the mercy of events; and must always be held by a tenure so proverbially uncertain as that of human prosperity, or human life. Such examples, like a feeble and flickering streak of light in a gloomy picture, only serve by contrast to exhibit the depth of the prevailing shades. Like other exceptions, they only prove the general rule: the unquestionable tendency of the system is to vitiate the best tempers, and to harden the most feeling hearts. "Never be kind, nor speak kindly to a slave," said an accomplished English lady in South Africa to my wife: "I have now," she added, "been for some time a slave-owner, and have found, from vexatious experience in my own household, that nothing but harshness and hauteur will do with slaves."
I might perhaps not inappropriately illustrate this point more fully by stating many cases which fell under my own personal observation, or became known to me through authentic sources, at the Cape of Good Hope--a colony where slavery assumes, as it is averred, a milder aspect than in any other dependency of the empire where it exists; and I could shew, from the judicial records of that colony, received by me within these few weeks, cases scarcely inferior in barbarity to the worst of those to which I have just specially referred; but to do so would lead me too far from the immediate purpose of this pamphlet, and extend it to an inconvenient length. I shall therefore content myself with quoting a single short passage from the excellent work of my friend Dr. Walsh, entitled "Notices of Brazil,"--a work which, besides its other merits, has vividly illustrated the true spirit of Negro Slavery, as it displays itself not merely in that country, but wherever it has been permitted to open its Pandora's box of misery and crime.
Let the reader ponder on the following just remarks, and compare the facts stated by the Author in illustration of them, with the circumstances related at pages 6 and 7 of Mary's narrative:--
"If then we put out of the question the injury inflicted on others, and merely consider the deterioration of feeling and principle with which it operates on ourselves, ought it not to be a sufficient, and, indeed, unanswerable argument, against the permission of Slavery?
"The exemplary manner in which the paternal duties are performed at home, may mark people as the most fond and affectionate parents; but let them once go abroad, and come within the contagion of slavery, and it seems to alter the very nature of a man; and the father has sold, and still sells, the mother and his children, with as little compunction as he would a sow and her litter of pigs; and he often disposes of them together.
"This deterioration of feeling is conspicuous in many ways among the Brazilians. They are naturally a people of a humane and good-natured disposition, and much indisposed to cruelty or severity of any kind. Indeed, the manner in which many of them treat their slaves is a proof of this, as it is really gentle and considerate; but the natural tendency to cruelty and oppression in the human heart, is continually evolved by the impunity and uncontrolled licence in which they are exercised. I never walked through the streets of Rio, that some house did not present to me the semblance of a bridewell, where the moans and the cries of the sufferers, and the sounds of whips and scourges within, announced to me that corporal punishment was being inflicted. Whenever I remarked this to a friend, I was always answered that the refractory nature of the slave rendered it necessary, and no house could properly be conducted unless it was practised. But this is certainly not the case; and the chastisement is constantly applied in the very wantonness of barbarity, and would not, and dared not, be inflicted on the humblest wretch in society, if he was not a slave, and so put out of the pale of pity.
"Immediately joining our house was one occupied by a mechanic, from which the most dismal cries and moans constantly proceeded. I entered the shop one day, and found it was occupied by a saddler, who had two negro boys working at his business. He was a tawny, cadaverous-looking man, with a dark aspect; and he had cut from his leather a scourge like a Russian knout, which he held in his hand, and was in the act of exercising on one of the naked children in an inner room: and this was the cause of the moans and cries we heard every day, and almost all day long.
"In the rear of our house was another, occupied by some women of bad character, who kept, as usual, several negro slaves. I was awoke early one morning by dismal cries, and looking out of the window, I saw in the back yard of the house, a black girl of about fourteen years old; before her stood her mistress, a white woman, with a large stick in her hand. She was undressed except her petticoat and chemise, which had fallen down and left her shoulders and bosom bare. Her hair was streaming behind, and every fierce and malevolent passion was depicted in her face. She too, like my hostess at Governo [another striking illustration of the dehumanizing effects of Slavery,] was the very representation of a fury. She was striking the poor girl, whom she had driven up into a corner, where she was on her knees appealing for mercy. She shewed her none, but continued to strike her on the head and thrust the stick into her face, till she was herself exhausted, and her poor victim covered with blood. This scene was renewed every morning, and the cries and moans of the poor suffering blacks, announced that they were enduring the penalty of slavery, in being the objects on which the irritable and malevolent passions of the whites are allowed to vent themselves with impunity; nor could I help deeply deploring that state of society in which the vilest characters in the community are allowed an almost uncontrolled power of life and death, over their innocent, and far more estimable fellow-creatures."--(Notices of Brazil, vol.ii.p.354-356.)
In conclusion, I may observe that the history of Mary Prince furnishes a corollary to Lord Stowell's decision in the case of the slave Grace, and that it is most valuable on this account. Whatever opinions may be held by some readers on the grave question of immediately abolishing Colonial Slavery, nothing assuredly can be more repugnant to the feelings of Englishmen than that the system should be permitted to extend its baneful influence to this country. Yet such is the case, when the slave landed in England still only possesses that qualified degree of freedom, that a change of domicile will determine it. Though born a British subject, and resident within the shores of England, he is cut off from his dearest natural rights by the sad alternative of regaining them at the expence of liberty, and the certainty of severe treatment. It is true that he has the option of returning; but it is a cruel mockery to call it a voluntary choice, when upon his return depend his means of subsistence and his re-union with all that makes life valuable. Here he has tasted "the sweets of freedom," to quote the words of the unfortunate Mary Prince; but if he desires to restore himself to his family, or to escape from suffering and destitution, and the other evils of a climate uncongenial to his constitution and habits, he must abandon the enjoyment of his late-acquired liberty, and again subject himself to the arbitrary power of a vindictive master.
The case of Mary Prince is by no means a singular one; many of the same kind are daily occurring: and even if the case were singular, it would still loudly call for the interference of the legislature. In instances of this kind no injury can possibly be done to the owner by confirming to the slave his resumption of his natural rights. It is the master's spontaneous act to bring him to this country; he knows when he brings him that he divests himself of his property; and it is, in fact, a minor species of slave trading, when he has thus enfranchised his slave, to re-capture that slave by the necessities of his condition, or by working upon the better feelings of his heart. Abstractedly from all legal technicalities, there is no real difference between thus compelling the return of the enfranchised negro, and trepanning a free native of England by delusive hopes into perpetual slavery. The most ingenious casuist could not point out any essential distinction between the two cases. Our boasted liberty is the dream of imagination, and no longer the characteristic of our country, if its bulwarks can thus be thrown down by colonial special pleading. It would well become the character of the present Government to introduce a Bill into the Legislature making perpetual that freedom which the slave has acquired by his passage here, and thus to declare, in the most ample sense of the words, (what indeed we had long fondly believed to be the fact, though it now appears that we have been mistaken,) THAT NO SLAVE CAN EXIST WITHIN THE SHORES OF Great Britain .


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Be a part of a unique online community that connects post production professionals and film academics worldwide.
You'll have access to personalize your news feed, access to Live Post Talks and much more. Contribute to the community by posting interesting post production content.
September 7, 2015, 9:52 pm
The fastest way to take notes during a recording session or filming a spot that go right into your editing software.
June 18, 2016, 1:35 pm
I am working on a feature right now that I brought over from Premiere into Media Composer as it transitioned from one crew to another. Our lead editor requested that some tracks be converted from dual mono to stereo tracks. I know that some of us in the editorial community have looked for an automated … Continue reading Replacing Dual Mono Tracks with Stereo Tracks in Media Composer →
April 11, 2016, 4:23 pm
Here are some things I use to keep track of my network. The tips I mention in this video are more personal and lead to more work than the easy to use contacting on LinkedIn, Facebook messaging or more impersonal methods that mass social media will have you believe work. Create a document that has … Continue reading Networking Tips: Maintaining and Tracking Your Network →
April 8, 2016, 5:15 am
I've had the opportunity to use Songster for a couple years and I love it. It's saved me a lot of time while I was working at Paramount Pictures as a First Assistant Editor. Here is a video review of how it works and what it can do for you.
September 8, 2015, 12:44 pm
I've been working on a several animated projects in the past few years (Tron: Uprising, Kung Fu Panda 3, an upcoming feature produced by Paramount Pictures among others) and one thing that has always been difficult is the manual process of breaking down dialogue. I've learned to become very fast at it, but it's still […]
January 9, 2014, 10:04 am
Here is a side project I have been cutting lately. Would love to hear what you think.This is the first webisode of 7 for the Nerdist channel.
July 25, 2013, 10:36 am
What is the hardest thing you come across in the realm of editing or in filmmaking?
June 11, 2013, 3:57 am
I actually did it. I created a KickStarter project. It is in full swing and though it is more about my writing and experiences outside the edit bay, I thought I would share it here because chances are most of us look for things to do with our families when we are cutting. http://kck.st/18fEw87 It's [...]
May 12, 2013, 6:11 am
I put out this request a couple of weeks ago and I think I have found a solution combining the use of a few different scripts.. I know that some editors in the animation area will be interested in this post and some other people may find it helpful as well. What this does is...
April 30, 2013, 5:41 pm
I have had a great time looking at aescripts.com and maybe with some guidance I can find what I am looking for. I am looking for a script (or combination of scripts) to take the composition I have, go to the first frame of a clip, export a jpeg or add it to the render [...]
April 12, 2013, 5:55 am
If you want to look like one rad editor for your composer, output a cut for them with all dialogue (DX) panned to the left and music (MX) and sound effects (SFX) panned to the right. This will show them you are a pro. To do this in FCP, I would just change the pan [...]
Gordon sits down with documentary editor and producer Kathryn Robson to discuss storytelling and her work on the hit Netflix ...
Gordon sits down to talk to Emmy Nominated editors Kate Sanford & Tim Streeto to discuss their work on the Marvelous Mrs. ...
Gordon sits down with Wade Barnett(Supervising Sound Editor) and David Barbee (Sound Designer) to discuss their work on Amazo ...
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subset: commoncrawl


text: The arts are an intrinsic part of the educational process at the HUC-JIR Jack H. Skirball Campus in Los Angeles. The Mercaz is home to twice yearly curated exhibits and the rest of the campus is filled with paintings, sculptures, and photographs. The Frances-Henry Library is home to rotating displays as well. All of this is intended to help the learning community of students and faculty to come to understand that the arts are but another form of midrashic language, which has the power to express Jewish content and values.


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Spokesman: Billy Graham doing well at NC hospital
ASHEVILLE, N.C. (AP) -- Nurses report that evangelist Billy Graham had a restful night at the North Carolina hospital where he's being treated for bronchitis.
Graham spokesman A. Larry Ross reported Graham was having breakfast Monday morning and is doing well.
The 93-year-old Graham was admitted to Mission Hospital in Asheville overnight Saturday for treatment of the lung infection.
Ross says Graham watched the closing ceremony of the London Olympics from his hospital bed Sunday evening.
A formal report from the hospital is expected later Monday morning.
Graham was hospitalized for pneumonia last November. His staff says the evangelist's health has been good since his release, though he had remained at his home in Montreat, N.C.
He's working on an upcoming book.


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Compiled from aerial photographs taken in 1972 and field surveying, "The Heart of the Grand Canyon" map provides striking topography of the canyon and detail of park facilities, trails, campgrounds, and more. Published in July 1978, this map is half of a two-map set. Its companion is entitled "The Grand Canyon of the Colorado" and both maps appeared with two articles on the park.
Coverage Area: Grand Canyon National Park


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Halacha brings that one who has no money for Chanukah Lights must sell the shirt off his back to acquire them why is this the case versus almost all other Mitzvos which require up to a fifth of his monies?
The Aruch Hashulchan in Orach Chaim 671:2 notes this difficulty and explains that for mitzvos involving publicizing of a miracle (פרסומי ניסא), including Chanukah candles and the four cups of wine on Pesach (Orach Chaim 472:13), one must spend all of his money.
Of course this just brings up another question: why should פרסומי ניסא cases be so strict?
1The reason Pisumei Nisa requires this level of strictness is due to Hakoras HaTov. – Gershon Gold Nov 30 '10 at 3:03
5So why are we so strict for Hakoras Hatov? – Yosef Nov 30 '10 at 3:51
It says in SA OC Siman 263 Sif 2 that if one doesn't have candles for shabbos he must go around collecting money. The Biur Halacha writes there d'h "al hapasachim" to look into Siman 671 that over there one must be mocher his casus (sell his shirt) for ner channukah. Says the Biur Halacha, so to here by Shabbos. His Makor is the Pri Megeadim in Siman 263 Ashel Avraham Sif-Katan 5. The Pri Megadim however only writes there "u'b'tav-reish-ayin-alef mocher casoso ayin sham". I don't know if he means to say that one must do the same by Shabbos or is simply being m'tzian what one must do by channukah in order to obtain candles. However certainly the Biur Halacha understood that one must sell their shirt in order to buy Shabbos candles.


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http://mmajunkie.com NEWARK, N.J. – Following back-to-back losses and his steady descent in the world heavyweight rankings, Mirko "Cro Cop" Filipovic (27-9-2 MMA, 4-5 UFC) apparently is headed into retirement.
And following Filipovic's loss to Brendan Schaub (8-1 MMA, 4-1 UFC) at Saturday's UFC 128 event, UFC president Dana White told MMAjunkie.com (www.mmajunkie.com) he doesn't expect much push back from the fighter.
"I don't think I'd have an argument from 'Cro Cop,'" he said.
In a pay-per-view main-card bout at Prudential Center in Newark, N.J., Schaub delivered the former PRIDE great a violent third-round knockout defeat. Schaub overpowered Filipovic for most of the fight and then floored him with a right hook to the side of the head in the final few minutes of the fight.
Filipovic also suffered a knockout loss in his previous bout, which came at UFC 119 to Frank Mir.
White said he'll always respect what the 36-year-old Croatian has accomplished in the sport. But he doesn't expect Filipovic back in the cage.
"I was talking tonight about how tough Mirko 'Cro Cop' is," White said. "At his age and with the wars he's been in, to see how he gets in there with these heavyweights now that are bigger, stronger and younger than he is – and he still holds his own – it's a testament to what a great fighter that guy was in his prime.
"I have all respect for Mirko 'Cro Cop,' but yeah, I'd have to say tonight is probably the last time we'll see 'Cro Cop' fight again."
White, though, said he hadn't talked to Filipovic before or after the fight about future plans. But based on his assessment, it's clear it's likely not the fighter's decision to make whether he returns to the UFC.
Filipovic went 2-3 in his most recent UFC stint and 1-2 in a heavily anticipated first stint back in 2007. The 2006 PRIDE open-weight grand-prix winner failed to capture the form that led him to a top world-heavyweight ranking and past victories over the likes of Wanderlei Silva, Josh Barnett, Aleksander Emelianenko and Mark Coleman.
Additionally, while once known for an electric striking game and head-kick knockouts, his recent bouts lacked that pizazz. In fact, after back-to-back losses to Gabriel Gonzaga and Cheick Kongo in 2007, he briefly left the UFC and fought in Japan before rejoining the UFC for his latest (and apparently final) stint.
For complete coverage of UFC 128, stay tuned to the UFC Events section of MMAjunkie.com.


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Ports and trade hotspots in the United States should have better ways to detect invasive species and more rapid response protocols, according to a new report from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Neighborhood Watch - Early Detection and Rapid Response to Biological Invasion Along U.S. Trade Pathways, says accidental introductions of pests and pathogens threaten economic, environmental and public health.
"Countries all over the world are responsible for sending and receiving invasive species," says Geoffrey Howard, IUCN's Global Invasive Species Coordinator. "As a result, we can only hope to succeed in controlling the problem with international cooperation. The long-term hope is that countries will eventually become responsible for their exports of live organisms, but first there is need to manage the imports."
The report, a product of an agreement between IUCN and the US Environmental Protection Agency, identifies the crucial measures needed to plug the gaps in our ability to detect species that would otherwise evade inspection and quarantine measures along trade pathways. The publication urges swift action to improve biosecurity measures, including improved coordination between agencies and greater international cooperation.
Projects that address some of the main recommendations in Neighborhood Watch are already being developed, including a trade and invasives learning network pilot project in the Caribbean.
For decades, the United States has relied upon methyl bromide to prevent the accidental introduction of agricultural pests. But this powerful toxic gas is being phased out because it is as an ozone-depleting substance banned under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the Clean Air Act.
"A serious reconsideration of our national biosecurity system is now in order," says Dr. Randy Westbrooks, an invasive species prevention specialist with the U.S. Geological Survey. "As species overcome geographical barriers, abetted by ever expanding global trade and travel, our ability to intercept potentially harmful organisms is being challenged as never before, posing serious threats to our agricultural and biological security."
Trade regulators have not yet fully integrated biosecurity concerns into trade negotiations, and governments have failed to invest sufficiently in risk assessment and in the infrastructure and information that would make this possible, according to the report.
Neighborhood Watch offers recommendations to improve biosecurity measures at U.S. ports, as well as a possible funding mechanism based upon the "polluter pays" principle. The publication carries a heavy warning: failure to adopt a more realistic biosecurity strategy will be costly, and will be paid in perpetuity.
The transition from a piecemeal approach to biosecurity to a more coordinated, vigilant one requires a highly sophisticated approach to information and knowledge management, dedicated resources, and improved technologies for port of entry inspection and clearance, the report says.
Over the past decade, several countries have made important strides in this direction, including Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. However, the world would benefit even more if leaders in biosecurity commit to developing new approaches that ensure the integrity of key control points along the international trade 'pipeline' – from commodity point of origin to final destination, according to the report.
The report is available online
For more information or to set up interviews, please contact:
Taffeta Gray, Communications Officer, m +1 202 330 3615, e firstname.lastname@example.com
Case studies:
Boll Weevils set an example
Potential threat at the Port of Houston
Coral reefs under attack by invasive Lionfish
Notes to editors:
Neighborhood Watch follows an earlier volume "Denying Entry: Opportunities to Build Capacity to Prevent the Introduction of Invasive Species and Improve Biosecurity at U.S. Ports" published in 2007 which addressed the challenges of "regulatory exclusion" of potentially invasive species through trace pathways.
About IUCN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges.
IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice.
IUCN is the world's oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,000 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN's work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 60 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world.


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(Reuters) - World number seven Rory McIlroy and Europe's Ryder Cup captain Paul McGinley have backed the decision to move the Irish Open from Carton House in County Kildare to Fota Island.
The June 19-22 tournament is to be held in Cork, the country's most southerly county, this year for the first time since 2002.
"I think it is great news the Irish Open will be played at Fota Island," twice major winner McIlroy said in a news release on Monday.
"The country's national open should be moved around to give everyone an opportunity to see the event and it also gives us the chance to show the world just how many amazing courses there are in Ireland," added the Northern Irishman.
McIlroy's views were endorsed by McGinley who will lead Europe's Ryder Cup defence against United States in Scotland in September.
"I'm delighted Fota Island is going to host the Irish Open," said the Irishman. "The players will love the course and everyone involved with the tournament will enjoy the craic on offer in Cork."
The Fota Island Resort, recently purchased by Chinese investors The Kang Group, will also be an Irish Open sponsor.
(Writing by Tony Jimenez; editing by Justin Palmer)
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High quality 600ml capacity milk frothing/foaming jug for frothing milk to create cappuccino and latte drinks.
The Milk Frothing Foaming Jug is a great choice for baristas seeking to make the best possible cappuccinos and lattes. The Milk Frothing Foaming Jug is also a great choice for hotels cafes and restaurants.
Our Milk Frothing Foaming Jugs are made from stainless steel and comes fully packaged.


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GREENBURGH, N.Y. (CBSNewYork/AP) — The New York Knicks will not concede they have a "big" problem — yet.
They know the Indiana Pacers have a size advantage, realize that Carmelo Anthony is going to get beat up banging against a bulkier body, and understand that a change to a lineup with a conventional power forward may become necessary.
Not now, but check back if they lose Game 2 on Tuesday night.
"I'm not saying I won't do that. But I'm just saying right now we've only got one game under our belt. … The small lineup that we started didn't cost us," Knicks coach Mike Woodson said Monday. "And I don't consider Melo a small. You guys might, but I don't."
He is, though, when it comes to his matchup against the Pacers.
Listed at 6-foot-8 and 235 pounds, Anthony has a quickness advantage playing against power forwards, and he's big enough to defend many of them. But Indiana's David West is 6-9 and 250, playing his natural position he's been an All-Star at, and he's one of the toughest competitors around.
The Pacers outrebounded the Knicks 44-30 on Sunday in their 102-95 victory in the opener of the second-round series.
"We're a big, physical team," Pacers center Roy Hibbert said. "Their specialty is their offensive firepower and we've got guys that could hold down the paint and the perimeter, too. So we just try to make everything as hard as possible for those guys and use our length and athleticism."
Anthony was in foul trouble and shot only 10 of 28, and a couple of his teammates even expressed concern about the pounding he took. But Anthony offers no excuses and his coach makes no concessions, saying the guys who started weren't the problem since the Knicks led after the first quarter.
"I thought we came out, we held our own the start of the game, had nothing to do with who started at the 4 or the 5," Woodson said.
"Melo's played big guys all year. Last I checked, statistics-wise we've been pretty damn good this year with Melo playing at the 4 spot, so I don't see any reason to change at this point right now."
But something is affecting Anthony. The NBA's leading scorer has made just 35 of 110 shots over his last four games and his shooting percentage for the postseason is down to 38 percent overall and 26 percent from 3-point range.
Point guard Raymond Felton wondered if the Pacers were targeting Anthony's sore left shoulder that he wore a strap over in Game 1 to keep in place. Teammate Kenyon Martin said he didn't think Anthony should have to "wrestle and tussle" with West and that perhaps the Knicks should start a bigger lineup. (He would be the obvious candidate to start).
"I think K-Mart is coming from a concerned standpoint as a teammate from me getting beat up so much, but we've been going through and dealing with the same thing all year long," Anthony said.
"I'm fine. I've been bruised up, beat up all year long, so as far as them guys targeting the shoulder, I can't worry about that."
Martin is only an inch taller and weighs less than Anthony, who shifted from his normal small forward spot to the power forward last season when Amar'e Stoudemire was injured and stayed there this season when Stoudemire remained out. The Knicks flourished with the small lineup and an emphasis on 3-point shooting.
"Kenyon is no bigger than Melo, that's kind of how I look at it," Woodson said. "We'll just gauge it and see how it goes tomorrow and if we've got to make that adjustment, I'll be the one to make that call."
Stoudemire could become an option to get big man minutes later in the series if he's cleared to return from right knee surgery. He took part in 3-on-3 scrimmages Monday, looking winded but expecting to practice Thursday and be in uniform Saturday.
"Game 1 was tough for us, but we're going to retaliate in Game 2 and see how that goes, and then from that game we'll see what type of adjustments we need to make. And then if I'm able to play, then I will," Stoudemire said.
Stoudemire said he "felt explosive" and "had no pain" during practice.
"Playing basketball is about natural ability. I was born with it so it's not going to go anywhere," said Stoudemire. "It's like riding a bike. It never goes away. It's just a matter of getting back in top shape, sharpening up, working on skills to stay crisp."
The Knicks said most of their problems stemmed from being outworked, but they've got other issues. Hibbert (14 points, 8 rebounds, 5 blocks) dominated his matchup with Tyson Chandler (4 points, 3 rebounds, 2 blocks, 6 fouls), and Sixth Man of the Year J.R. Smith continued his shooting woes by going 4 of 15.
"I thought both teams played extremely physical. It's going to be that kind of series," Pacers coach Frank Vogel said. "I don't think we've won that physicality battle or anything like that. I think they played extremely hard and physical, and so did we."
With the Knicks unable to hit from the perimeter, they were forced to drive at Hibbert and other big defenders, which plays into the Pacers' hands. But Anthony said he'll keep doing it, insisting again the Knicks' effort was more of a problem than the Pacers' execution.
"For the most part, everything came down to effort yesterday," he said. "In our minds, we cannot get outworked like we did yesterday and that will be the adjustment."
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(TM and © Copyright 2013 CBS Radio Inc. and its relevant subsidiaries. CBS RADIO and EYE Logo TM and Copyright 2013 CBS Broadcasting Inc. Used under license. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. The Associated Press contributed to this report.)


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LOS ANGELES, Sept. 30 (UPI) -- Lice can be hidden in Halloween costumes and can spread if costumes are handed down or borrowed, a U.S. full-service clinical salon that removes lice said.
Maria Botham, chief executive officer of Hair Fairies -- salons in several cities dedicated to removing head lice -- said lice could be hidden in reused or shared costumes carrying lice from child to child.
"Kids can bring home more than candy during Halloween," Botham said in a statement. "The lice can lurk in seldom-cleaned or hard-to-clean costumes and spread from children to parents. About 3 percent of school children have lice at any given time, so the odds for coming in contact with lice are higher than many parents realize."
Hair Fairies has in-salon treatment that includes manual removal of lice.
Botham added:
-- Head lice shampoos can be highly toxic for your child and many strains of head lice are immune to the chemicals in over the counter shampoos.
-- Head lice cannot jump or fly.
-- Head lice cannot live on pets.
-- Head lice cannot live and breed in your environment, i.e. couches, carpets, cars, movie theaters or airplanes.
-- Head lice are not signs of unwashed hair; they thrive in clean hair rather than dirty hair.


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Laurie has been in the staffing industry for over 30 years. She started her career as a permanent placement recruiter for Dunhill Staffing and was consistently one of the organizations top producers. Laurie has mastered a variety of roles in the staffing industry including hands on production, business development and retention, staff training and motivation and area management. Her career success has been built on long term relationships with both clients and candidates, a laser focus on providing value and superior delivery of skills and service. She joined SNI Companies in 2001 and is responsible for 6 offices from Philadelphia, PA to Springfield, MA. Laurie holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Brooklyn College.
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Pia Carrot e Youkoso!! (Saturn) review
"This port of Cocktail Soft's famous title has a decidedly different feel from the PC-FX incarnation. The world is brighter, the facial features are more stylized, the breasts are bigger, and the game in general feels less like an emotional adventure, and more like the 'hentai' (pornographic) dating games that developer Cocktail Soft and publisher KID were known for."
Staff review by Zigfried (January 06, 2005)
Zigfried likes writing about whales and angry seamen, and often does so at the local pub.
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1 Corinthians 10:16-33 New International Version (NIV)
16 Is not the cup of thanksgiving for which we give thanks a participation in the blood of Christ? And is not the bread that we break a participation in the body of Christ? 17 Because there is one loaf, we, who are many, are one body, for we all share the one loaf.
18 Consider the people of Israel: Do not those who eat the sacrifices participate in the altar? 19 Do I mean then that food sacrificed to an idol is anything, or that an idol is anything? 20 No, but the sacrifices of pagans are offered to demons, not to God, and I do not want you to be participants with demons. 21 You cannot drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons too; you cannot have a part in both the Lord's table and the table of demons. 22 Are we trying to arouse the Lord's jealousy? Are we stronger than he?
The Believer's Freedom
23 "I have the right to do anything," you say—but not everything is beneficial. "I have the right to do anything"—but not everything is constructive. 24 No one should seek their own good, but the good of others.
25 Eat anything sold in the meat market without raising questions of conscience, 26 for, "The earth is the Lord's, and everything in it."[a]
27 If an unbeliever invites you to a meal and you want to go, eat whatever is put before you without raising questions of conscience. 28 But if someone says to you, "This has been offered in sacrifice," then do not eat it, both for the sake of the one who told you and for the sake of conscience. 29 I am referring to the other person's conscience, not yours. For why is my freedom being judged by another's conscience? 30 If I take part in the meal with thankfulness, why am I denounced because of something I thank God for?
31 So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. 32 Do not cause anyone to stumble, whether Jews, Greeks or the church of God— 33 even as I try to please everyone in every way. For I am not seeking my own good but the good of many, so that they may be saved.
Cross references:
New International Version (NIV)
Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.® Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide.
NIV Reverse Interlinear Bible: English to Hebrew and English to Greek. Copyright © 2019 by Zondervan.
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Dahlonega's abundance of natural beauty makes it a perfect spot for one of the most important days of your life - your wedding day. A North Georgia mountain wedding is one of the most romantic visions of true love that you will ever see.
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Well as you can no doubt guess, I was hoping to be able to say soon, but unfortunately I lost my internet connection near the end of the auction, and I'm very disappointed to say we won't see any of the lots in the UK. For the other Europeans amongst us, one has gone to Kaffebrennerie and one to Solberg & Hansen in Norway, and one (that I thought was a particularly good lot )to Dabov in Bulgaria. Most of the rest have gone to asia. Full details can be found on the CoE Auction Results page.
A nice (and very small) factlet is that a lot of the buyers of the CoE Costa Rica this year were on the International Jury (which I forgot to include in yesterday's post, was also their biggest ever with 30 people).


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ASTM D7136/D7136M-05 Measuring Damage Resistance of Composite to Impact Event
Based on the impact portion of Boeing BSS 7260 Type II, Class 2, ASTM D7136/D7136M-05, covers measuring the damage resistance of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite plates that have been subjected to a drop-weight impact test. Five flat, rectangular specimens of each material/lay-up are to be tested. The potential energy to be used – defined as mass and drop height – is to be 4.94 ft-lb (6.7J) multiplied by the specimen thickness. Supported on a rigid support fixture with the appropriate sized window in the support base the specimen is subjected to an out of plane, concentrated impact using a hemispherical impactor/insert with a diameter of 0.625 inches (16mm). The damage resistance of the plaque is quantified in terms of the size and type of damage left in the specimen after impact thru post examination. Subsequent compression tests per ASTM D7137/D7137M-05 are conducted if required. Knowing the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for both product development and material selection.
When asked to offer a testing solution to this standard we recommend the use of either our CEAST 9340 or our CEAST 9350. For those customers whose impact energy requirements fall between 1.0 – 97.9 ft-lbs (1.356 – 132.8 J) we recommend using the 9340. With impact energies ranging from 1.9 – 1182 ft-lb (2.6 – 1603 J) either our 9350 or the 9350 with optional High energy System with our Data Acquisition System and Visual Impact Software would be our recommendation for those composite customers who need higher impact energies.
For the testing of plaques that are less than 1 inch (2.42 mm) thick we have optional lightweight crossheads to meet those lower impact energies. To prevent a secondary impact of the falling weight onto the composite plate we employ our anti - rebound device. For larger composite products we offer larger, extended support tables. To fully protect the operator from flying debris we include and offer a selection of interlocked safety enclosures.
Though the test defined in the standard calls for visual inspection and measurements after impact to determine if the specimen has failed, by including instrumentation with our Data Acquisition System complete with Visual Impact and a strain gauged tup failure points/modes that may remain hidden under normal test conditions can be found. One piece of information that may not be found without the use of instrumentation is the first crack or incipient damage point.
CEAST 9300 Series
Impact resistance is one of the most important properties for component designers to consider, as well as the most difficult to quantify. Impact resistance is a critical measure of service life and more importantly these days, it involves the perplexing problem of product safety and liability. With the combined experience of Dynatup® and CEAST, Instron® has more than 80 years experience in designing impact testing systems to simulate real-life impact conditions.
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- 4/19/2011


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S.F.'s housing chasm growing even wider
A tale of two cities brought to you by Monday's Chronicle front page.
On the right side, we have the fight over 8 Washington, the proposed condominium complex whose 134 units are tentatively priced between $2 million and $10 million.
On the left side, how San Francisco doesn't have the money to fix broken elevators at its public housing projects, leaving seniors and disabled residents "stranded in their apartments."
I'm not taking sides on Tuesday's election to determine the fate of 8 Washington. If I owned or rented one of the luxury apartments at Golden Gateway Commons, I would be angry at my $1 million view being blocked by a 12-story building next door. If I was Mayor Ed Lee, on the other hand, I'd be bullish on the aesthetic, commercial and revenue-generating benefits 8 Washington would bring to the city.
But the chasm is impossible to ignore. San Francisco, one of the richest cities in the world - and getting richer all the time - does not have $8.4 million, out of a $7.9 billion annual budget, to fix the broken elevators at Clementina Towers and other public housing projects in the city.
Isn't there something wrong with this picture?
News to mayor's office
Lee, who has referred to the projects as "poverty housing" and has pledged to eliminate them, knew nothing about the problem. Nor did his office, according to The Chronicle's Heather Knight, who broke the story.
But it seems to know plenty about 8 Washington - the mayor is its leading pitchman - and about the Golden State Warriors waterfront arena plan, featuring a 175-foot condominium tower, where, it's reasonable to conjecture, prices will be even higher than at 8 Washington.
Yes, we're shocked, shocked, and determined to do something, especially for the elderly and disabled at Clementina Towers - located in tech-heavy South of Market, by the way.
Perhaps the elevators will get fixed in relatively short order. (Although this is not the first time the powers that be have been alerted.)
Perhaps the $11 million that 8 Washington's developer would be giving to the city's affordable housing fund will, at some point down the road, help relieve the thousands of other San Francisco public housing residents plagued by mice, roaches, sewage overflows, mold, mildew, and regular absences of heat and hot water.
S.F.'s direction
But maybe some thought should be given to those San Franciscans as we ponder our vote on Propositions B and C Tuesday. And thought should be given, too, to the elderly Chinese American couple and their mentally handicapped daughter who were kicked out of their low-rent Nob Hill apartment of 34 years to make way for another batch of pricey condos.
And to where San Francisco, with all its glittering prizes, is going.
Andrew S. Ross is a San Francisco Chronicle columnist. E-mail: email@example.com Twitter: @andrewsross


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Microsoft's planned $7.2 billion acquisition of Nokia's handset business has cleared another hurdle.
Nokia's shareholders overwhelmingly approved Microsoft's purchase of "substantially all" of its devices and services business during its annual general meeting, the company announced on Tuesday. Over 99 percent of shareholders at the meeting voted in favor of the deal, according to Nokia.
Pending other regulatory approvals, the deal is expected to close in the first quarter of 2014.
First announced in early September, the deal would involve Microsoft acquiring Nokia's devices and services business, as well as the right to license Nokia's patents and mapping services. Microsoft would also inherit more than 30,000 of Nokia's employees, about 18,000 of whom are involved in device manufacturing and packaging.
When the proposed deal was announced, then-Nokia President and CEO Stephen Elop stepped down from those positions to join Microsoft as an executive vice president. Elop, who once ran Microsoft's Business Division before joining Nokia in 2010, is considered a front-runner in Microsoft's search for its next CEO to replace Steve Ballmer.
Nokia is Microsoft's most important smartphone OEM partner. In 2011, Nokia inked a deal with Microsoft to base its smartphone handsets on the then-nascent Windows Phone platform. It now accounts for over 90 percent of Windows Phone devices shipped worldwide.
Recent data from research firm Gartner indicates Nokia came second only to Samsung in overall mobile device sales in the third quarter. In terms of smartphone sales, however, Nokia, with its line of Windows Phone-based Lumia devices, is No. 8 worldwide.
Windows Phone has struggled with low market share compared with heavyweights Google Android and Apple iOS. However, in recent quarters, Windows Phone has passed the BlackBerry OS to become the No. 3 smartphone platform worldwide. It captured 3.6 percent of the worldwide smartphone market in Q3, according to IDC. With the Nokia acquisition, Microsoft said it expects Windows Phone to have 15 percent of the worldwide smartphone market by 2018.
About the Author
Gladys Rama is the senior site producer for Redmondmag.com, RCPmag.com and MCPmag.com.
From the next major update to Windows 10 to the next generations of .NET and PowerShell, here's what's on tap from Microsoft this year.
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