text:
Academic Appointments
Emeritus Faculty, Acad Council, Pathology
Methods of evaluation of biopsies; differentiation and, classification of neoplasms; immunohistochemistry; scanning and, transmission electron microscopy; cardiovascular pathology;, histologic assessment of bone biopsies; heart preservation and, restoration; myocardial biopsies; venous autograft coronary artery, bypass; cardial and heart valve transplantation.
Chronic rejection, manifested as small airway fibrosis (obliterative bronchiolitis [OB]), is the main obstacle to long-term survival in lung transplantation. Recent studies demonstrate that the airways involved in a lung transplant are relatively hypoxic at baseline and that OB pathogenesis may be linked to ischemia induced by a transient loss of airway microvasculature. Here, we show that HIF-1? mediates airway microvascular repair in a model of orthotopic tracheal transplantation. Grafts with a conditional knockout of Hif1a demonstrated diminished recruitment of recipient-derived Tie2? angiogenic cells to the allograft, impaired repair of damaged microvasculature, accelerated loss of microvascular perfusion, and hastened denudation of epithelial cells. In contrast, graft HIF-1? overexpression induced via an adenoviral vector prolonged airway microvascular perfusion, preserved epithelial integrity, extended the time window for the graft to be rescued from chronic rejection, and attenuated airway fibrotic remodeling. HIF-1? overexpression induced the expression of proangiogenic factors such as Sdf1, Plgf, and Vegf, and promoted the recruitment of vasoreparative Tie2? cells. This study demonstrates that a therapy that enhances vascular integrity during acute rejection may promote graft health and prevent chronic rejection.
View details for DOI 10.1172/JCI46192
View details for Web of Science ID 000291234300032
View details for PubMedID 21606594
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3104770
View details for DOI 10.1155/2011/562516
The specific mechanisms underlying Taenia solium oncosphere adherence and penetration in the host have not been studied previously. We developed an in vitro adhesion model assay to evaluate the mechanisms of T. solium oncosphere adherence to the host cells. The following substrates were used: porcine intestinal mucosal scrapings (PIMS), porcine small intestinal mucosal explants (PSIME), Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO cells), epithelial cells from ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-8 cells), and epithelial cells from colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 cells). CHO cells were used to compare oncosphere adherence to fixed and viable cells, to determine the optimum time of oncosphere incubation, to determine the role of sera and monolayer cell maturation, and to determine the effect of temperature on oncosphere adherence. Light microscopy, scanning microscopy, and transmission microscopy were used to observe morphological characteristics of adhered oncospheres. This study showed in vitro adherence of activated T. solium oncospheres to PIMS, PSIME, monolayer CHO cells, Caco-2 cells, and HCT-8 cells. The reproducibility of T. solium oncosphere adherence was most easily measured with CHO cells. Adherence was enhanced by serum-binding medium with >5% fetal bovine serum, which resulted in a significantly greater number of oncospheres adhering than the number adhering when serum at a concentration less than 2.5% was used (P < 0.05). Oncosphere adherence decreased with incubation of cells at 4 degrees C compared with the adherence at 37 degrees C. Our studies also demonstrated that T. solium oncospheres attach to cells with elongated microvillus processes and that the oncospheres expel external secretory vesicles that have the same oncosphere processes.
View details for DOI 10.1128/IAI.01175-06
View details for Web of Science ID 000250451900010
View details for PubMedID 17698575
Targeting of synaptic molecules to their proper location is essential for synaptic differentiation and plasticity. PSD-95/Dlg proteins have been established as key components of the postsynapse. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating the synaptic targeting, assembly, and disassembly of PSD-95/Dlg are not well understood. Here we show that PAR-1 kinase, a conserved cell polarity regulator, is critically involved in controlling the postsynaptic localization of Dlg. PAR-1 is prominently localized at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Loss of PAR-1 function leads to increased synapse formation and synaptic transmission, whereas overexpression of PAR-1 has the opposite effects. PAR-1 directly phosphorylates Dlg at a conserved site and negatively regulates its mobility and targeting to the postsynapse. The ability of a nonphosphorylatable Dlg to largely rescue PAR-1-induced synaptic defects supports the idea that Dlg is a major synaptic substrate of PAR-1. Control of Dlg synaptic targeting by PAR-1-mediated phosphorylation thus constitutes a critical event in synaptogenesis.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.12.016
View details for Web of Science ID 000245126600007
View details for PubMedID 17224403
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1855201
A 43-year-old woman underwent mitral valve replacement for severe mitral regurgitation nine years after orthotopic heart transplant. Histopathology showed chronic rejection of the mitral valve with lymphocytic infiltrates. The patient is well at one year follow-up. This report describes an identified case of chronic mitral valve rejection requiring valve replacement.
View details for DOI 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.06.036
View details for Web of Science ID 000232970500054
View details for PubMedID 16242482
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder characterized by dopaminergic dysfunction and degeneration. The cause of most PD cases is unknown, although postmortem studies have implicated the involvement of oxidative stress. The identification of familial PD-associated genes offers the opportunity to study mechanisms of PD pathogenesis in model organisms. Here, we show that DJ-1A, a Drosophila homologue of the familial PD-associated gene DJ-1, plays an essential role in oxidative stress response and neuronal maintenance. Inhibition of DJ-1A function through RNA interference (RNAi) results in cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, organismal hypersensitivity to oxidative stress, and dysfunction and degeneration of dopaminergic and photoreceptor neurons. To identify other genes that may interact with DJ-1A in regulating cell survival, we performed genetic interaction studies and identified components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-signaling pathway as specific modulators of DJ-1A RNAi-induced neurodegeneration. PI3K signaling suppresses DJ-1A RNAi phenotypes at least in part by reducing cellular reactive oxygen species levels. Consistent with the genetic interaction results, we also found reduced phosphorylation of Akt in DJ-1A RNAi animals, indicating an impairment of PI3K/Akt signaling by DJ-1A down-regulation. Together with recent findings in mammalian systems, these results implicate impairments of PI3K/Akt signaling and oxidative stress response in DJ-1-associated disease pathogenesis. We also observed impairment of PI3K/Akt signaling in the fly parkin model of PD, hinting at a common molecular event in the pathogenesis of PD. Manipulation of PI3K/Akt signaling may therefore offer therapeutic benefits for the treatment of PD.
View details for DOI 10.1073/pnas.0504610102
View details for Web of Science ID 000232115100057
View details for PubMedID 16155123
View details for PubMedCentralID PMC1224636
The sympathetic nervous system enhances cardiac muscle function by activating beta adrenergic receptors (betaARs). Recent studies suggest that chronic betaAR stimulation is detrimental, however, and that it may play a role in the clinical deterioration of patients with congestive heart failure. To examine the impact of chronic beta1AR and beta2AR subtype stimulation individually, we studied the cardiovascular effects of catecholamine infusions in betaAR subtype knockout mice (beta1KO, beta2KO).Prospective, randomized, experimental study.Animal research laboratory.beta1KO and beta2KO mice and wild-type controls.The animals were subjected to 2 wks of continuous infusion of the betaAR agonist isoproterenol. Analyses of cardiac function and structure were performed during and 3 days after completion of the infusions. Functional studies included graded exercise treadmill testing, in vivo assessments of left ventricular function using Mikro-Tip catheter transducers, right ventricular pressure measurements, and analyses of organ weight to body weight ratios. Structural studies included heart weight measurements, assessments of myocyte ultrastructure using electron microscopy, and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labeling staining to quantitate myocyte apoptosis.We found that isoproterenol-treated beta2KO mice experienced greater mortality rates (p =.001, chi-square test using Fisher's exact method) and increased myocyte apoptosis at 3- and 7-day time points (p =.04 and p =.0007, respectively, two-way analysis of variance).The results of this study suggest that in vivo beta2AR activation is antiapoptotic and contributes to myocardial protection.
View details for DOI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000120049.43113.90
View details for Web of Science ID 000220872700021
View details for PubMedID 15071399
Whipple disease (WD) is a systemic disorder caused by the bacterium Tropheryma whipplei. Since the recognition of a bacterial etiology in 1961, many attempts have been made to cultivate this bacterium in vitro. It was eventually isolated, in 2000, from an infected heart valve, in coculture with human fibroblasts. Here we report the isolation of 2 new strains of T. whipplei from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 2 patients with intestinal WD but no neurological signs or symptoms. One culture-positive specimen was obtained before treatment; the other was obtained 12 months after discontinuation of therapy, at a time of intestinal remission. In both cases, 15 passages of the cultures were completed over 17 months. Bacterial growth was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, which suggested a generation time of 4 days. Staining with YO-PRO nucleic-acid dye showed characteristic rod-shaped bacteria arranged in chains. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with a T. whipplei-specific oligonucleotide probe, a broad-range bacterial probe, and a nonspecific nucleic-acid stain indicated that all visible bacteria were T. whipplei. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed both intracellular and extracellular bacteria. This first isolation of T. whipplei from CSF provides clear evidence of viable bacteria in the central nervous system in individuals with WD, even after prolonged antibiotic therapy.
View details for Web of Science ID 000185215600002
View details for PubMedID 12964110
To generate in vitro hyaline cartilage from cryogenically preserved human septal chondrocytes in a simulated microgravity environment on a 3-dimensional biodegradable scaffolding material.In this experiment, cryogenically frozen chondrocytes were thawed and cultured in a monolayer in serum-based chondrocyte media. They were seeded onto 3-dimensional biopolymer scaffolds in a spinner flask. The seeded constructs were then transferred to a bioreactor (an environment of solid-body rotation) for 6 weeks. Chondrocyte growth and extracellular matrix production in the constructs were confirmed by cell count, cell viability, and histologic analysis and by electron microscopy.Histologic sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue (for acidic proteoglycans) confirmed the presence of hyaline cartilage in the cartilage constructs. Ultrastructural examination using transmission electron microscopy demonstrated matrix formation and chondrocyte viability.This study proves that chondrocytes that are cryogenically stored for extended periods can be used to grow cartilage in vitro. Cryogenically preserved chondrocytes retain their ability to grow in tissue culture, redifferentiate, and produce extracellular matrix.
View details for Web of Science ID 000184620100015
View details for PubMedID 12925350
alpha(2A)-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) in the midbrain regulate sympathetic nervous system activity, and both alpha(2A)-ARs and alpha(2C)-ARs regulate catecholamine release from sympathetic nerve terminals in cardiac tissue. Disruption of both alpha(2A)- and alpha(2C)-ARs in mice leads to chronically elevated sympathetic tone and decreased cardiac function by 4 mo of age. These knockout mice have increased mortality, reduced exercise capacity, decreased peak oxygen uptake, and decreased cardiac contractility relative to wild-type controls. Moreover, we observed significant abnormalities in the ultrastructure of cardiac myocytes from alpha(2A)/alpha(2C)-AR knockout mice by electron microscopy. Our results demonstrate that chronic elevation of sympathetic tone can lead to abnormal cardiac function in the absence of prior myocardial injury or genetically induced alterations in myocardial structural or functional proteins. These mice provide a physiologically relevant animal model for investigating the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the development and progression of heart failure.
View details for DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.01063.2001
View details for Web of Science ID 000178625800012
View details for PubMedID 12384461
Small arteries exhibit tone, a partially contracted state that is an important determinant of blood pressure. In arterial smooth muscle cells, intracellular calcium paradoxically controls both contraction and relaxation. The mechanisms by which calcium can differentially regulate diverse physiological responses within a single cell remain unresolved. Calcium-dependent relaxation is mediated by local calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These 'calcium sparks' activate calcium-dependent potassium (BK) channels comprised of alpha and beta1 subunits. Here we show that targeted deletion of the gene for the beta1 subunit leads to a decrease in the calcium sensitivity of BK channels, a reduction in functional coupling of calcium sparks to BK channel activation, and increases in arterial tone and blood pressure. The beta1 subunit of the BK channel, by tuning the channel's calcium sensitivity, is a key molecular component in translating calcium signals to the central physiological function of vasoregulation.
View details for Web of Science ID 000089901900041
View details for PubMedID 11057658
Rhinosporidium seeberi, a microorganism that can infect the mucosal surfaces of humans and animals, has been classified as a fungus on the basis of morphologic and histochemical characteristics. Using consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we amplified a portion of the R. seeberi 18S rRNA gene directly from infected tissue. Analysis of the aligned sequence and inference of phylogenetic relationships showed that R. seeberi is a protist from a novel clade of parasites that infect fish and amphibians. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and R. seeberi- specific PCR showed that this unique 18S rRNA sequence is also present in other tissues infected with R. seeberi. Our data support the R. seeberi phylogeny recently suggested by another group. R. seeberi is not a classic fungus, but rather the first known human pathogen from the DRIPs clade, a novel clade of aquatic protistan parasites (Ichthyosporea).
View details for Web of Science ID 000087321300007
View details for PubMedID 10827117
View details for Web of Science ID 000085004800043
View details for PubMedID 10619764
The present study assessed whether impaired aerobic capacity previously observed in hypercholesterolemic mice is reversible by exercise training. Seventy-two 8-wk-old female C57BL/6J wild-type (+, n = 42) and apolipoprotein E-deficient (-, n = 30) mice were assigned to the following eight interventions: normal chow, sedentary (E+, n = 17; E-, n = 8) or exercised (E+ex, n = 13; E-ex, n = 7) and high-fat chow, sedentary (E+chol, n = 6; E-chol, n = 8) or exercised (E+chol-ex, n = 6; E-chol-ex, n = 7). Mice were trained on a treadmill 2 x 1 h/day, 6 days/wk, for 4 wk. Cholesterol levels correlated inversely with maximum oxygen uptake (r = -0.35; P < 0. 02), which was blunted in all hypercholesterolemic sedentary groups (all P < 0.05). Maximum oxygen uptake improved in all training groups but failed to match E+ex (all P < 0.05). Vascular reactivity and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis correlated with anaerobic threshold (r = 0.36; P < 0.025) and maximal distance run (r = 0.59; P < 0.007). We conclude that genetically induced hypercholesterolemia impairs aerobic capacity. This adverse impact of hypercholesterolemia on aerobic capacity may be related to its impairment of vascular NO synthesis and/or vascular smooth muscle sensitivity to nitrovasodilators. Aerobic capacity is improved to the same degree by exercise training in normal and genetically hypercholesterolemic mice, although there remains a persistent difference between these groups after training.
View details for Web of Science ID 000079554200030
View details for PubMedID 10199861
CCR5-utilizing (R5) and CXCR4-utilizing (X4) strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been studied intensively in vitro, but the pathologic correlates of such differential tropism in vivo remain incompletely defined. In this study, X4 and R5 strains of HIV-1 were compared for tropism and pathogenesis in SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice, an in vivo model of human thymopoiesis. The X4 strain NL4-3 replicates quickly and extensively in thymocytes in the cortex and medulla, causing significant depletion. In contrast, the R5 strain Ba-L initially infects stromal cells including macrophages in the thymic medulla, without any obvious pathologic consequence. After a period of 3 to 4 weeks, Ba-L infection slowly spreads through the thymocyte populations, occasionally culminating in thymocyte depletion after week 6 of infection. During the entire time of infection, Ba-L did not mutate into variants capable of utilizing CXCR4. Therefore, X4 strains are highly cytopathic after infection of the human thymus. In contrast, infection with R5 strains of HIV-1 can result in a two-phase process in vivo, involving apparently nonpathogenic replication in medullary stromal cells followed by cytopathic replication in thymocytes.
View details for Web of Science ID 000076892100078
View details for PubMedID 9811751
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) regulates cell population size. To determine the mechanisms whereby hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) modulate apoptosis in human myeloid leukemic cells, we evaluated the roles of protein and mRNA synthesis for altering apoptosis in growth factor-stimulated vs. quiescent leukemic TF1 cells. Lysates of cells from the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-dependent myeloid leukemic cell line TF1 were separated into high molecular weight (HMW) pellets of intact DNA and supernatants of fragmented low MW (LMW) DNA, and the DNA purified from these fractions was quantified. In the absence of both GM-CSF and fetal bovine serum (FBS), 70% of the DNA was fragmented after 3 days in culture, with a characteristic apoptotic ladder-like pattern on agarose gel electrophoresis, whereas this proportion had initially been < 5%. In contrast, less than 5% of the DNA was fragmented in cells incubated with GM-CSF plus FBS or GM-CSF alone. Delayed addition of GM-CSF, but not FBS, permitted partial rescue of the cells, inhibiting increasing rates of accumulation of fragmented DNA. When the macro-molecular synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) or actinomycin D (Act D) was present for 26 hours in the absence of GM-CSF and FBS, apoptosis was inhibited. In contrast, in the presence of GM-CSF or FBS, apoptosis was enhanced upon addition of CHX or Act D. The latter effect persisted even with the late addition of CHX. These findings indicate that disparate mechanisms of enhancing or inhibiting apoptosis exist in myeloid leukemic cells related to environmental conditions, including HGF-regulated cellular synthesis of distinct proteins and mRNA.
View details for Web of Science ID A1995QK72300014
View details for PubMedID 7875243
Poor patency rates have limited the success of biological vascular grafts in the coronary artery position. Recently, two bovine internal mammary arterial grafts have been developed for possible use as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) conduits: (1) Denaflex grafts (Baxter Health-care Co, 3-mm ID) treated with polyepoxy compounds and with heparin ionically bound to the luminal surface and (2) Bioflow grafts (Bio-Vascular, Inc, 3-mm ID) treated with dialdehyde starch.Thirty dogs underwent CABG with either a Denaflex (n = 20) or Bioflow (n = 10) graft to the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx). The left main coronary artery (n = 12) or proximal LCx (n = 18) was then ligated. Six-month patency (Kaplan-Meier) for Denaflex grafts was 44 +/- 13% (+/- SEM), compared with 12 +/- 11% for Bioflow grafts, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .56). Among grafts open at 14 days, however, there were no occlusions among six Denaflex grafts versus five occlusions among seven Bioflow grafts. At 6 months, all six surviving Denaflex grafts appeared normal, while the only remaining patent Bioflow graft was angiographically dilated and had diffuse luminal irregularities. At 1 year, three Denaflex grafts angiographically had no dilation, stenosis, or luminal irregularities. Macroscopically, all explanted long-term (6 to 12 months) Denaflex grafts had a smooth, clean luminal surface, whereas the only patent Bioflow graft had multifocal thrombi. Microscopically, all Denaflex grafts had minimal degenerative changes, but the Bioflow graft had transmural linear cracks and medial deterioration.These data suggest that long-term (> 6-month) patency is possible with small-caliber, low-flow biological grafts in the canine coronary position, although both types of grafts are prone to early occlusion. If these early failures are excluded, the Denaflex graft appears to be associated with better long-term patency and an absence of degenerative changes.
View details for PubMedID 7955246
We describe a 40-year-old white man with a red-brown, indurated plaque on the proximal aspect of his right thigh. The lesion had been present since birth, and the patient had a 20-year clinical history of recurrent cellulitis in the same area. The histopathologic features of the lesion included permeation of the dermis by flattened, endothelium-lined channels without cellular atypia, hemorrhage, or inflammation. The endothelial cells were stained intensely with monoclonal antibody anti-CD34 (clone MY10). In addition, antibodies to factor VIII antigen, HLA-DR, smooth muscle actin, ICAM-1, and the lectin Ulex europaeus labeled the luminal cells. The basement membrane of the channels stained with anti-type IV collagen and laminin. Desmin-positive cells were abundant adjacent to the channels. Factor XIIIa stained both mononuclear cells and occasional dendritic cells in the perivascular area. Ki-67 immunolabeling could not be demonstrated on fresh or frozen tissue. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of both tight junctions and a well-formed, continuous basement membrane but the absence of Weibel-Palade bodies.
View details for Web of Science ID A1994NZ81600014
View details for PubMedID 7518477
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that long-term oral supplementation of dietary L-arginine (to provide a sustained elevation of nitric oxide activity) would inhibit atherogenesis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, as assessed by histomorphometric measurements.Endothelium-derived nitric oxide inhibits a number of processes that are critical in atherogenesis. Hypercholesterolemia reduces endothelial nitric oxide activity, and we postulate that this may promote atherogenesis. This reduction in nitric oxide activity can be reversed acutely by intravenous infusion of L-arginine, the precursor of nitric oxide. We show that dietary supplementation of L-arginine abrogates the development of coronary atheroma in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.Male New Zealand White rabbits were fed normal rabbit chow, 1% cholesterol chow or 1% cholesterol chow with dietary arginine or methionine supplementation to increase their intake of these amino acids sixfold. After 1 or 10 weeks of dietary intervention, the left main and left anterior descending coronary arteries were harvested for histologic study. Plasma cholesterol measurements were elevated to the same degree in all groups of rabbits receiving the 1% cholesterol diet, whereas plasma arginine levels were doubled in the arginine-treated group. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol values were not affected by arginine treatment.In rabbits receiving the 1% cholesterol diet, with or without methionine supplementation, light and electron microscopy revealed a marked increase from 1 to 10 weeks in the intimal accumulation of macrophages, associated with an increase in the intimal area of the left main coronary artery. By contrast, in arginine-treated hypercholesterolemic rabbits, there was a near absence of adherent monocytes and tissue macrophages and no progression of intimal thickness from 1 to 10 weeks.Dietary supplements of L-arginine prevent intimal thickening in the coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. This antiatherogenic effect is not due to an alteration in plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol or caloric or nitrogen balance. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that nitric oxide has antiatherogenic properties.
View details for Web of Science ID A1994NR75200026
View details for PubMedID 8294700
We compared the effectiveness of pulsed magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spin-echo MRI in detecting tumor necrosis.Adenocarcinoma cells were transplanted in the livers of 12 syngenic BDIX rats. To induce various degrees of tumor necrosis, the rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) control; 2) localized hyperthermia; 3) intralesional cisplatin; and 4) hyperthermia plus intralesional cisplatin. At day 7 after treatment, the rats were imaged using a 1.5-T imager with 1) multiplanar gradient-recalled echo sequence (MPGR) 500/8/20 degrees with and without magnetization transfer contrast (MTC); 2) spin-echo 2500/20,80, and 3) spin-echo 300/20 pulse sequences. The rats were then sacrificed and pathologic specimens were prepared using MR images as guidance. T2 and ratios of signal intensity after saturation to signal intensity before saturation (Ms/Mo ratios) of the necrotic and granulation tissues and viable tumors were determined in 10 rats.Compared with standard MPGR images, MPGR images with MTC provided better contrast between the pathologic tissues and normal liver. However, T2 values were more useful than Ms/Mo ratios in distinguishing necrotic areas from viable tumor. The T2 values of coagulative necrosis and granulation tissue were significantly different from that of viable tumor. No significant difference between the Ms/Mo ratios of the different pathologic tissues and normal liver was found.Pulsed magnetization transfer contrast MRI was inferior to spin-echo MRI in distinguishing necrotic from viable tumors in rat livers using the pulse sequences described, and none of the sequences studied was thought to be reliable enough for this purpose.
View details for Web of Science ID A1993MD17700004
View details for PubMedID 8262743
The efficacy of purified cross-linked human hemoglobin solution in maintaining the metabolic integrity of perfused livers from fed rats was determined and compared with that of livers recirculated with red blood cells, perfluorocarbon, and Krebs' Ringer bicarbonate buffer media at normal and accelerated flow rates. The data indicate that oxygen utilization was comparable in livers perfused with red blood cell medium (53.5 +/- 4.0 microL.g liver-1.min-1), hemoglobin (45.7 +/- 1.9), and perfluorocarbon (57.2 +/- 6.1) and less in livers perfused with Krebs' Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution at normal (17.4 +/- 1.4) and high (27.7 +/- 1.4) flow rates. Bile flow, the outflow of glucose and lactic acid, and residual glycogen levels were similar when livers were perfused with red blood cells (hematocrit, 19) and hemoglobin solutions containing 7 g hemoglobin/dL at flow rates of 1.1-1.2 mL.g liver-1.min-1. However, livers perfused with perfluorocarbon at 1.1 mL.g-1.min-1 showed a significantly greater (P less than 0.01) decline in bile flow and outflow of glucose and lactic acid. Livers perfused with Krebs' Ringer bicarbonate buffer at normal (1.3 mL.g-1.min-1) and accelerated flow rates (3.0 mL.g-1.min-1) also showed a progressive decrease in bile flow and marked glycogenolysis as well as depletion of adenosine triphosphate content. In addition, morphological studies (light and electron microscopy) showed more vacuoles, membrane alterations, and increased mitochondrial swelling in livers perfused with Krebs' Ringer bicarbonate buffer and perfluorocarbon. These findings suggest that hepatocyte function in livers from fed rats is maintained equally well with hemoglobin solutions and with red blood cell medium, suggesting that cross-linked hemoglobin solution may serve as an effective blood substitute for maintaining adequate oxygenation and metabolic integrity of the isolated perfused rat liver.
View details for Web of Science ID A1991GM00800026
View details for PubMedID 1936806
An in vitro system was established in which single-cell suspensions of lymphocytes and synovial cells from the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were cultured and produced an outgrowth of an organized inflammatory tissue with an extracellular matrix and capsule. The tissue outgrowth, which had histologic features of pannus, required the addition of mycobacterial antigen and interleukin-2 to the tissue culture medium and was dependent upon the presence of T lymphocytes and their interaction with synovial fibroblasts.
View details for Web of Science ID A1991FR47300006
View details for PubMedID 1905130
We assessed the reversibility of functional and morphological changes of arterialized vein segments by returning them to the venous circulation. Thirteen dogs underwent right carotid and femoral veno-arterial grafting. After 12 weeks, veno-arterial grafts were removed for contractility (norepinephrine [NE] and 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]), luminal prostacyclin (PGI2), and morphometric analyses; the remaining segments were used as left jugular and femoral veno-venous grafts. After another 12 weeks, the veno-venous grafts were harvested. To NE, veno-arterial grafts (ED50, 5.4 +/- 0.1 [-log M]) were less sensitive than control veins (ED50, 6.0 +/- 0.2) or veno-venous grafts (ED50, 6.4 +/- 0.2) but were more sensitive than control arteries (ED50, 4.0 +/- 0.1); the maximum tension of veno-arterial grafts (6.2 +/- 0.6 g) was greater than that of veins, less than that of arteries (9.8 +/- 1.0 g), and comparable with that of veno-venous grafts (5.1 +/- 1.1 g). To 5-HT, veno-arterial (ED50, 7.5 +/- 0.1) and veno-venous (ED50, 7.3 +/- 0.2) grafts were more sensitive than arteries (ED50, 6.0 +/- 0.3), while the vein was unresponsive; the maximum tension of veno-arterial grafts (5.0 +/- 0.7 g) was less than that of arteries (6.9 +/- 0.9 g) and greater than that of veno-venous grafts (1.4 +/- 0.3 g). PGI2 production in veins (3.6 +/- 0.8 ng/ml), veno-arterial grafts (3.9 +/- 0.8 ng/ml), and veno-venous grafts (3.3 +/- 0.9 ng/ml) was comparable and less than that of arteries (6.4 +/- 0.9 ng/ml). Veno-arterial graft intimal thickness (127 +/- 8 microns) and intimal area (15.6 +/- 1.8 x 10(3) microns 2) tended to be greater than that in the veno-venous graft (113 +/- 9 microns and 12.4 +/- 1.8 x 10(3) microns 2); also, the veno-arterial graft medial area (103.0 +/- 7.3 x 10(3) microns 2) was greater than that of the veno-venous graft (80.3 +/- 6.9 x 10(3) microns 2), thereby resulting in a similar relative intimal area (13 +/- 1%). Therefore, some changes associated with arterialization, for example, adrenergic sensitivity, maximum tension to 5-HT, medial thickening, and perhaps intimal hyperplasia, reverted toward venous values when replaced in the venous environment, possibly due to variations in pressure, flow, shear stress, and/or graft preparation techniques. Luminal PGI2 was unchanged in the grafts, implying that graft contractility was not modulated by luminal PGI2.
View details for PubMedID 2225440
Favorable changes in lipoproteins, inhibition of platelet aggregation, reduction of serum thromboxane (TX), altered plasma-membrane fluidity, and reduced production of growth factors (mitogens) have all been implicated as possibly being involved in the inhibition of arteriosclerosis by fish oil (FO), which is rich in omega 3 fatty acids; however, causal relations are mostly lacking. Several putative mechanisms responsible for the salutary effects of FO were investigated in a canine model of accelerated vein-graft arteriosclerosis. Venoarterial autografts (N = 192) were implanted in 48 hypercholesterolemic dogs divided into six groups: group A, control; B, FO (as MaxEPA, 200 mg/kg/day eicosapentaenoic acid); C, aspirin (ASA, 50 mg/kg/day); D, TX synthetase inhibitor (TXSI [CGS-12970], 10 mg/kg/day); E, FO + ASA; and F, FO + TXSI. At sacrifice 3 months later, there was no significant difference in plasma lipoproteins, hepatic low density lipoprotein-receptor concentration, red blood cell fragility, bleeding time, or platelet count compared with controls; the decrease in platelet aggregation (30 +/- 5% [mean +/- SEM]) was similar in all treatment groups. Arterialized vein-graft intimal thickening was significantly inhibited by FO (with or without ASA), while ASA alone was ineffective. Conversely, serum TX was significantly lower only in the ASA and FO + ASA groups. Serum mitogenic activity was higher at 3 months in the control group versus all treatment groups. Compared with baseline values, serum mitogenic activity rose significantly over time in the control and the TXSI groups, and an increase or rising trend was present in all other treatment groups except for the FO-treated animals. Thus, the salutary biologic effect of FO in this hypercholesterolemic model of arterialized vein grafts may have been more related to in vivo inhibition of platelet-mitogen growth factor release than to changes in lipoproteins, low density lipoprotein receptors, platelet function, or eicosanoid metabolism. These observations underscore the need for further studies to clarify the interactions between FO (omega 3 fatty acids) and paracrine cellular mitogenic factors in the context of atherosclerosis prevention.
View details for PubMedID 2766520
The effects of fish oil on the development of arteriosclerosis were assessed using a special susceptible strain (SEA) of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Sixty four quail were randomly divided into two groups and placed on isocaloric and approximately isocholesterolic (2% by weight) diets. Group A (control) was supplemented with 10% beef tallow oil, while group B received 10% Menhaden fish oil. The birds were sacrificed at 10 weeks (early) and 15-16 weeks (late). Based on semiquantitative histological grading of the arteriosclerotic lesions in the proximal aorta and brachiocephalic arteries, a score from 1 (no lesion) to 5 (severe, diffuse lesions) was assigned. A total of 57 quail were evaluated (seven died prior to scheduled sacrifice). At the early period, the mean arteriosclerosis scores for group A (n = 8) and group B (n = 8) were 3.3 (SD 1.0) and 1.9(1.0) respectively (p less than 0.017); 63% of the quail in group A and 13% of those in group B had a score greater than or equal to 3 (p less than 0.25, NS). At the late period, the scores for group A (n = 20) and group B (n = 21) were 3.8(0.6) and 2.6(0.9), respectively (p less than 0.001); 95% of the birds in group A and 43% of those in group B had a score greater than or equal to 3 (p less than 0.005). Histopathological examination of the arteriosclerotic lesions revealed disruption of the innermost elastic lamina, increased proteoglycan deposition in the medial interlamellar spaces, and the distinct involvement of macrophage like cells. Compared to human disease, arteriosclerosis in the quail is marked by distinct similarities, as well as differences. The SEA strain of Japanese quail appears to be a practical model for the study of arteriosclerosis; fish oil reduces the severity of disease in these birds when fed a high cholesterol diet.
View details for PubMedID 2598217
In an attempt to study the effects of allogeneic lymphocytes on endothelial cells (EC) and analyze the mechanism whereby such lymphocytes traverse an EC barrier, we have established human microvascular EC monolayers, in vitro, and analyzed the effects of lymphocyte subpopulations on such monolayers. Previous studies have shown that CD16+ (natural killer) and CD8+ (cytotoxic) lymphocytes but not CD4+ (helper) cells bind and induce the appearance of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens on allogeneic EC. The current findings indicate that these same lymphocyte subsets induce marked swirling and elongation of allogeneic EC, and traverse intact EC monolayers. In contrast, none of the functional consequences of the initial lymphocyte-EC adhesion were observed using autologous combinations, despite the presence of significant intercellular binding. Scanning and electron micrographs demonstrate extensive areas of lymphocyte-EC surface contact and EC-coated pit formation, whereas a panel of recombinant cytokines known to alter the surface phenotype of EC fail to induce the same morphologic changes whether used singly or in combination. We postulate that the cellular interactions observed here, in vitro, may represent the initial steps in the rejection of vascularized allografts in vivo.
View details for Web of Science ID A1989AB98900026
View details for PubMedID 2660343
The effects of the administration of aspirin (ASA), dipyridamole (DPM), and cod liver oil (CLO) on graft patency rate and degree of intimal hyperplasia were investigated in a canine, hypercholesterolemic veno-arterial allograft model in an attempt to modify this immunologically mediated vascular injury. The drug regimens were ASA 1 mg/kg/day, DPM 10 mg/kg/day, combined ASA and DPM (ASA + DPM), and CLO (1.8 g/day eicosapentanoic acid [EPA] and 1.2 g/day docosahexanoic acid [DHA]), and control. The early angiographic patency rate (1-3 weeks) was 81% +/- 10% (+/- 70% confidence limits); the 90-day overall patency rate was 60% +/- 4% (87/144), with no statistically significant differences among the groups (range 46 +/- 10-71 +/- 9%). Qualitatively, there was no difference in luminal thrombus, intimal hemorrhage, or lesion eccentricity. Considering the relatively short time of graft implantation, an extensive amount of microscopic disease was observed; quantitatively, the mean intimal thickness was 515 +/- 17 microgram overall but was not statistically different between the groups. The fraction of potential lumenal area occupied by intimal thickening was 0.37 +/- 0.01 but again did not differ significantly between the groups. These doses of ASA, DPM, ASA + DPM, and CLO did not alter graft occlusion or retard the marked degree of subintimal myointimal cell hyperplasia that was generated in this hypercholesterolemic canine veno-arterial allograft preparation. Possible explanations for these negative findings include inadequate dosage or form of omega-3 fatty acids and the antiplatelet drugs administered, excessive variability in graft response due to uncharacterized immunologic histocompatibility, and the possible influence of non-platelet-mediated mechanisms. Nevertheless, this preparation is attractive as a reproducible model of accelerated (immunologically mediated) experimental arteriosclerosis.
View details for PubMedID 3196097
A carcinogen bioassay of isoflurane was performed in groups of Swiss/Webster mice exposed to either air (n = 181), 0.1% isoflurane (n = 167), or 0.4% isoflurane (n = 165), for 4 h per day, 5 days per week. After 78 weeks of exposure, mice were left untreated for 3 weeks and were then killed. Mice killed at this time when they were 86 weeks of age, and those killed or dying at other times during the study were subjected to complete gross and microscopic examination. Throughout most of the study, mean body weights of mice exposed to 0.1% isoflurane and 0.4% isoflurane were less by 1-5% and 5-8%, respectively, than that of mice exposed to air alone. Otherwise, no gross toxic treatment effects were noted. The first neoplastic lesion was detected 23 weeks after starting treatment and, by the end of the study, 190 tumors had been detected in 179 mice. However, there were no statistical differences among the groups in the number of mice with a particular tumor at a specific site, the ratio of benign to malignant tumors, or the time to tumor appearance. It was concluded that isoflurane is unlikely to have carcinogenic potential and is a remarkably non-toxic anesthetic in mice.
View details for Web of Science ID A1988Q772100018
View details for PubMedID 3189921
The envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is synthesized as a polyprotein (gp160) and cleaved intracellularly to a gp120-gp41 heterodimer. In this study, the tryptic-like endoproteolytic cleavage site was removed by site-directed mutagenesis and replaced with a chymotryptic-like site. The resultant mutant, RIP7/mut10, was found to be indistinguishable from wild-type HIV when analyzed at the level of proviral replication, RNA processing, protein expression, and viral assembly. However, the gp160 polyprotein was not cleaved and the mutated virions were biologically inactive, until and unless they were exposed to limiting concentrations of chymotrypsin. As is the case for other enveloped mammalian viruses, endoproteolytic cleavage of the HIV envelope protein and release of a unique hydrophobic domain appear to be necessary for the full expression of viral infectivity.
View details for Web of Science ID A1988M922100008
View details for PubMedID 2450679
Marine lipids containing omega-3 fatty acids (chiefly, eicosapentanoic acid [EPA] and docosahexanoic acid [DHA]) may inhibit the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease, but the mechanisms responsible for this putative beneficial effect are unknown. We investigated the effects of EPA and DHA in a canine model of accelerated vein graft arteriosclerosis during a 3-month period. Twenty-five dogs were divided into three dietary groups: group I (control), group II (2.5% cholesterol), and group III (2.5% cholesterol plus 2 gm EPA/day [as MaxEPA]). The effects of EPA on vein graft intimal thickening, platelet and vascular prostaglandin metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein receptor metabolism, and hematologic parameters were assessed. Cholesterol feeding caused a significant 54% increase in graft intimal thickness compared with control animals (124.9 +/- 50.4 vs 81.2 +/- 32.4 micron; p = 0.013), which was prevented by supplementation with EPA in group III (56.9 +/- 30.0 micron; p = 0.001 vs group II). Intimal thickness in group III was not significantly different from that of control. EPA supplementation was also associated with a 38% decline in serum thromboxane levels from 457.0 +/- 129.3 pg/0.1 ml in group II to 283.5 +/- 96.9 pg/0.1 ml in group III (p = 0.007). The alterations in lipoprotein metabolism associated with cholesterol feeding were not affected by EPA: in both groups II and III, serum cholesterol and high-density lipoproteins and liver cholesterol content were elevated and hepatic low-density lipoproteins (LDL) receptor content was reduced. There were no differences between the three groups in terms of vein graft or native vessel prostacyclin production, hematocrit, platelet count, or coagulation parameters. In this canine model, dietary supplementation with marine omega-3 fatty acids reduced the extent and magnitude of accelerated vein graft intimal thickening induced by hypercholesterolemia; moreover, this beneficial effect was associated with lower serum thromboxane production and appeared to be independent of alterations in lipoprotein metabolism or LDL receptor density.
View details for PubMedID 3336117
The standard coronary ligation model for experimental myocardial infarction results in variable areas and patterns of necrosis; therefore, the healing of such infarctions is also variable. The authors developed an experimental myocardial injury model using simple cryoinjury, which allows standardization of the size, depth, and location of the wound. Thirty-eight left ventricular cryolesions were created in 19 dogs, which were then killed from 3 to 35 days after injury. A consistent decrease in the depth of scar (p less than 0.005) and accumulation of collagen (p less than 0.0001) over time characterized this healing myocardial wound. Histologic examination revealed that the cellular pattern of healing myocardial cryolesions is similar to that of a healing myocardial infarction but with less variability. The authors advocate the use of cardiac cryolesions as a model of experimental myocardial wound healing.
View details for PubMedID 3689016
Biochemical (or functional) adaptation of venoarterial grafts has been demonstrated recently. We reexamined one aspect of this biochemical "arterialization" process: prostacyclin (PGI2) production by canine venoarterial autologous grafts and the responsiveness of this biosynthetic pathway to maximal stimulation with substrate enhancement. Four reversed autologous grafts (femoral vein) were interposed into both carotid and femoral arteries in eight dogs. After 12 weeks, the grafts were removed, and radioimmunoassay was used to determine luminal surface production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of PGI2) in both the basal and stimulated (27 mumol/L arachidonic acid [AA]) states. PGI2 production by the venous autologous grafts was compared with that of control native artery and vein. We confirmed that PGI2 production (measured in nanograms per milliliter) by control artery was greater than vein under both basal conditions (5.8 +/- 0.4 [+/- SEM] vs. 2.7 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.001) and stimulated conditions (8.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.4, p = 0.002); moreover, AA stimulation significantly increased PGI2 production in both native artery and vein compared with basal PGI2 production. Under basal conditions, graft PGI2 production (6.3 +/- 1.6 ng/ml) was not significantly different than basal arterial levels (p = 0.8) but was higher than basal venous levels (p = 0.05). However, in marked contrast to both native artery and vein, the vein graft flow surface showed no significant response to substrate enhancement with AA: basal (6.3 +/- 1.6 ng/ml) vs. stimulated (5.9 +/- 0.9 ng/ml) (p = 0.8). These observations confirm that canine venoarterial autologous grafts undergo biochemical "arterialization"; however, this process appears to be an incomplete one.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
View details for PubMedID 3312650


text:
Harlem Globetrotters
Time: December 8, 2019
Visit Averett.edu/globetrotters to purchase tickets.
Sun Dec 8 2019
1:00 PM (Doors 12:00 PM)
707 Mount Cross RoadDanville, VA 24540
$18.00 – $210.00
All Ages
For groups of 10 or more, scouts or military, contact:
Kristine Slizewski
1-800-641-4667 ext. 1887
Optional Magic Pass Pre-Show Event – THIS IS A PRE-EVENT PASS. TICKET TO THE MAIN EVENT IS ALSO REQUIRED. Everyone attending Magic Pass must have a Magic Pass ticket as well as a game ticket.This includes all children, as well as the parent(s)/guardian(s) wishing to accompany them.
Before the game, take part in a once-in-a-lifetime experience with your family where you have an opportunity to spend time on the court with the Globetrotters – shooting, trying out ball tricks and getting autographs and photos! The unique 30-minute pre-show, "Magic Pass," will create memories of a lifetime. All customers must have a game ticket AND Magic Pass for entry. Soft/rubber soled shoes must be worn on court. Magic Pass takes place 11:30AM-12:00PM.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Small Plant News: Volume 6, Number 7
|Small Plant News Archive Page. This is an archive page. No new content is being added. While these newsletters remain available for reference purposes, the documents do not reflect changes to Agency policy that may have been instituted since the newsletters were published. Also note that resources and websites mentioned in older issues may have moved or may no longer be available. Points of contact for various initiatives may have changed.
In This Issue:
- How To Submit a Petition to FSIS
- Pre-shipment Review Pending Test Results
- Commonly Asked Questions & Answers
How To Submit a Petition to FSIS
By Beth A. McKew, DVM
In Volume 4, Number 12 of Small Plant News, the feature article titled "What Does it Take to Create a Regulation?" described the evolution of a regulation from start to finish. We all know that the finish line for a new regulation is a published Final Rule.
But where do the ideas for new regulations begin? A new rule or regulation may begin with new legislation passed by Congress, an emergency situation or a petition submitted by citizens. The petition is unique in that it is a means by which any interested person or group can request a rulemaking change, including you! This article describes the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Food Safety and Inspection Service's (FSIS) petition submission process.
FSIS' regulatory definition of a petition is a "written request to issue, amend, or repeal a regulation administered by FSIS." Any individual, partnership, cooperation, association, or public or private organization may file a petition for rulemaking.
The process for submitting a petition to FSIS is outlined in the regulations under Title 9 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 392. In order for the agency to consider the requested rulemaking, it's important for the petition to be well supported. The regulations provide guidelines for how to support a petition. It's important to remember that 9 CFR 392 addresses petitions for new rulemaking, as well as for amending existing rules.
The regulations clearly describe what specific information the petition for rulemaking must include:
- Name, address, telephone number, and email address of the person submitting the petition.
- A full statement of the action requested by the petitioner including the citation and exact wording of any existing regulation affected by the requested action.
- A statement of the factual and legal basis for the requested action, including all relevant information known to the petitioner, both favorable and unfavorable to the petitioner's position. The statement of the factual and legal basis should identify the problem that the requested action is intended to address and explain why the requested action is needed to address the problem.
While support for the change requested by the petition is not required, FSIS considers adequate support necessary to evaluate a petition in an efficient and effective manner. Providing support will also facilitate regulatory development in the event that the petition is granted. Appropriate sources for support include, but are not limited to:
- professional journal articles,
- official government statistics,
- official government reports,
- scientific textbooks,
- research reports, and
- industry or consumer data.
Any information provided as support should be provided in full and should include a copy of any source cited in the petition. If original research reports are used to support a petition, the information should be presented in a form that would be acceptable for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific or technical journal. If quantitative data are used to support a petition, the presentation of data should include a complete statistical analysis using conventional statistical methods.
What to Expect After Submitting a Petition
After FSIS receives the petition, it will be stamped with the date of filing and assigned a number. FSIS will inform the petitioner in writing when a petition has been filed, along with providing the petition number and an agency contact for the petition. A petition may be withdrawn at any time by informing FSIS in writing.
The information contained within the petition for rulemaking will be put on public display, along with any supporting documentation that was submitted with the petition. All rulemaking petitions and supporting documentation will be available for public inspection in the FSIS docket room and posted on FSIS' Website at www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/regulations/petitions/petitions.
Once a petition has been filed with FSIS, any interested person may submit written comments. Comments should be submitted within 60 days of the posting date of the petition and should identify the number assigned to the petition to which the comments refer. FSIS will consider all comments that are submitted in a timely manner as part of its review of the rulemaking petition. Comments become part of the petition file and, like the petition, will be on display in the FSIS Docket room and posted on the agency's Website referenced above. FSIS will take no further action on a comment that is actually a request for rulemaking for a different rule, as that request must be submitted as a separate petition.
Petitions that request actions, which are intended to enhance public health by removing or reducing foodborne pathogens or other potential food safety hazards that might be present in or on meat, poultry, or egg products, qualify for expedited review. To be considered for expedited review, the petitioner must submit scientific information that demonstrates the requested action will reduce or remove foodborne pathogens or other potential food safety hazards and how it will do so.
FSIS believes that providing clear guidance on how to prepare and submit a petition will best ensure prompt and appropriate consideration by the agency. Consistency in the content of rulemaking petitions and the submission of adequate supporting documentation will reduce the administrative costs associated with FSIS' review process as well as decrease the time it takes to evaluate rulemaking petitions.
Persons interested in submitting a petition for rulemaking to FSIS should follow the guidance in this article, review 9 CFR 392, and submit the petition along with supporting documents to the Docket Clerk at:
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), FSIS
Docket Clerk
Patriots Plaza III
1400 Independence Avenue SW
Room 8-163A, Mailstop 3782
Washington, DC 20250-3700
Pre-shipment Review Pending Receipt of FSIS Test Results for Adulterants
By Jane Johnson, DVM
On February 8, 2013, FSIS began withholding its determination as to whether meat and poultry products are not adulterated, and thus eligible to enter commerce, until all test results that bear on the determination have been received.
One of the most frequently asked questions regarding this change in policy, sometimes referred to as "test-and-hold," involves the pre-shipment review. Specifically, can your plant complete pre-shipment review pending receipt of FSIS test results for adulterants?
The answer, of course, is no. To complete the pre-shipment review, you must have FSIS test results for adulterants. The purpose of pre-shipment review is to ensure that your plant is not introducing adulterated product in commerce.
However, your establishment may accomplish this pre-shipment review process in various ways, provided that you have documentation that the product was under your control until you received acceptable test results. For example, you may sign the pre-shipment review in stages (e.g., after completion of final CCP step and again after FSIS results become available). An electronic recordkeeping system may also be used to document control of your product until receipt of acceptable results. Your plant needs to have records from this electronic recordkeeping system readily available to inspection program personnel. Only after receiving notification that the test results are acceptable and having all stages of the pre-shipment review complete can you release the product into commerce.
FSIS has consistently indicated that it will be flexible in considering the specific mechanisms that establishments use to meet this requirement of pre-shipment review set out in 9 CFR 417.5(c). This means that pre-shipment review may be accomplished if your product is at a location other than your producing establishment, such as a storage location, as long as the review of all relevant documents and compliance with 9 CFR 417.5(c) occurs before the product leaves the control of your plant. Any product associated with the FSIS sample must, however, have been the subject of a pre-shipment review and be under your plant's direct control until the FSIS result is received and found negative.
For guidance on complying with the FSIS "test-and-hold" policy, visit FSIS' Web site at www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsis/topics/regulatory-compliance/compliance-guides-index and click on the link titled "FSIS Compliance Guideline for Controlling Meat and Poultry Products Pending FSIS Test Results."
Commonly Asked Questions & Answers
Q. Can changes be made to the name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor (i.e., the signature line) generically, or would this require resubmitting the label for sketch approval?
A. Yes. A company can change the name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor in the signature line generically per 9 CFR 317.5(b)(9)(vii) and 381.133 (b)(9)(vii).
Small Plant News
Editorial Staff
Editor in Chief: Daniel P. Puzo
Editor: Keith Payne
Managing Editor: Jane Johnson, DVM
Manager: Sally Fernandez
Layout/Design: Gordon E. Wilson, Duane Robinson
Contributing Writer: Jeff Tarrant, Commander, U.S. Public Health Service
Office of Outreach, Employee Education and Training: Michael G. Watts, Assistant Administrator
Contact Information
Small Plant News, USDA/FSIS, Patriots Plaza III, Rm. 9-267A, Mailstop 3778,
1400 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20250. (800) 336-3747; E-mail: email@example.com
FSIS Small Plant Help Desk


text:
Buy Onax Online
- Brand Name : Onax, Xanax
- Generic Name : Onax
- Strength : 2MG
- Manufacturer : Safe Pharma
- Drug Class : Benzodiazepine
- Packaging : Bottle
- Prescription drugs at low prices
- No appointment to schedule No wasted time
- Quick and easy online ordering from your home
- Privacy and dignity while addressing your condition
- BIG savings of time and money
Order Onax Bars
Account Registration
- Signup for a free account using your email address.
Shipping Options
- We ship worldwide from Philippine, USA, UK, Hong Kong UPS, USPS, FedEx, DHL
- We process and dispatch your order within 1-2 business days You can track your order online.
Privacy Statement
- We are committed to protecting your privacy. Any order information, including credit card numbers and contact information.
- Confidential online pharmacy.
- FDA Approved Products
- Buy Onax Online with Money back guarantee
- Buy Onax Online without Prescription.


text:
The city of Frank Sinatra's birth has denied a request for a spinoff of MTV's "Jersey Shore'' reality show to film in the city.
Hoboken Mayor Dawn Zimmer says the Film Commission's decision was made based on safety and quality of life concerns for residents of "The Mile Square City'' along the Hudson River.
"Based on protecting public safety and quality of life concerns for Hoboken residents, the City has denied a film permit for a spin-off of the Jersey Shore to be filmed in public locations," Zimmer wrote in a memo to the city council.
Hoboken officials say 495 Productions was seeking a 24-hour filming permit to follow two "well-known reality television celebrities'' who would live in the city.
It's not clear who the personalities would be. But The Jersey Journal reported last month that MTV was scouting locations for Nicole "Snooki'' Polizzi and Jenni "JWoww'' Farley.
The company, which has filmed ``Jersey Shore'' in Seaside Heights, Miami and Italy, can appeal the decision to the Hoboken City Council.
In related "Jersey Shore" news, a rep for Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi shot down a tabloid report Wednesday allegeding the pint-sized starlet was pregnant, E! Online reported.


text:
Cook the Book: Sicilian Ground Meat Ragu with Peas
Finding the perfect ragu recipe is a journey. While the two main ingredients are tomatoes and ground meat, the background flavors and texture provided by the other ingredients are what truly make the sauce. Unlike other Italian sauces, a ragu always starts out with a mirepoix, finely chopped celery, carrots, and onions, after this the meat is added, and this is where the variations start.
What type of ground meat to use? Do you add white wine, red wine, or milk? And the tomatoes? Which are the best? Chopped or pureed? And then is there is the question of sugar? To add or not to add?
There are countless ways to make a ragu, with variations all over Italy but this Sicilian Ground Meat Ragu with Peas from The Southern Italian Table by Arthur Schwartz is one of my favorite versions.
There is just something so pleasing about seeing those little green peas afloat in the sauce that makes me smile every time I make it. And to further up the cuteness factor, Sicilians are fond of serving this sauce with tiny little rings of pasta known as anneletti that can't help but conjure up childhood memories of Spaghetti-Os.
- Yield:7 cups
- 3 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 medium onion, finely minced (about 1 cup)
- 1 large carrot, finely minced (about 1 cup)
- 1 small celery rib, finely minced (about 1/2 cup)
- 1 1/2 pounds ground beef chuck
- 2 teaspoons salt, or more to taste
- 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- 1/2 cup dry red wine
- 3 cups tomato puree
- 1 (10-once) box frozen green peas (not baby peas)
Heat the oil in a 3-quart saucepan or stovetop casserole over medium heat and saute the onion, carrot, and celery for 15 minutes, stirring frequently, until the vegetables are very tender and just beginning to brown.
Add the meat and break it up with a wooden spoon as you mix it with the vegetables. Add the salt and pepper. Raise the heat slightly and cook, continually breaking up the meat until it has lost it's raw color. Add the wine and let it evaporate, stirring frequently. After about 5 minutes, you will see there is mainly fat at the bottom of the pot.
Add the tomato puree. Rinse out the puree bottle, box, or can with 1 cup of water and add to the pot. Adjust the heat so the sauce simmers steadily but gently for 20 minutes.
Add the frozen peas. Stir well, return to the simmer, and cook 5 minutes longer, until the peas are tender but still green.
Serve hot, if using directly on pasta. Reheat if using in a baked pasta. It can be cold for filling arancini.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


text:
Video: Lessons from Ocean Explorers – Why Conservation Needs Exploration
A Special ExpeditionCasts Presentation: Lessons from Ocean Explorers: Why Conservation Needs Exploration. Renowned ocean explorers and adventurers gathered at the Carnegie Institution for Science on March 7, 2009 to kick off the Blue Vision Summit, a project of the Blue Frontier Campaign. With stunning imagery and stories from the deep, this unique panel discusses the importance of ocean exploration, its future, and how exploration is vital to the advancement of the conservation of the oceans. (You can watch this video below or on your iPod or compatible MP3 player by subscribing free to ExpeditionCasts in iTunes.) Read more
Podcast: Play in new window | Download


text:
Karin Halperin
ABC News
COMMENT: On top of the irony, this speaks volumes about the larger deindustrialization of America that has been ongoing for decades, which set the scene for our current economic collapse. This article claims only about 12,000 spare cargo containers are outstanding, defying numbers estimating 2 million, but this claim is undermined by the one-side trade deficit with China alone.
The first U.S. multi-family condo built of used shipping containers is slated to break ground in Detroit early next year.
Strong, durable and portable, shipping containers stack easily and link together like Legos. About 25 million of these 20-by-40 feet multicolored boxes move through U.S. container ports a year, hauling children's toys, flat-screen TVs, computers, car parts, sneakers and sweaters.
But so much travel takes its toll, and eventually the containers wear out and are retired. That's when architects and designers, especially those with a "green" bent, step in to turn these cast-off boxes into student housing in Amsterdam, artists' studios, emergency shelters, health clinics, office buildings.


text:
Maybe there's no sense arguing over disclosure rules: two-thirds of Americans spend less than five minutes going over their retirement plan disclosure documents, and 20% don't read them at all, a study released Monday by LIMRA found.
"We as an industry have concerns about helping clients," Alison Salka, corporate vice president for LIMRA Retirement Research, told AdvisorOne on Wednesday. "Participants aren't always as engaged as we want them to be."
Unsurprisingly, the most often cited reason for skimming or ignoring disclosure documents is that they're simply too long (57%). Over half of respondents said they were too technical or complicated and 43% said they were hard to understand. However, 40% said they don't read their disclosure documents because they wouldn't change anything as a result.
Salka noted that the main reason participants are looking at their statements is to see their balance; they're not looking for important disclosures. "When they see fine print or language that' complicated, they're intimidated or just skim it for important information," she said.
Surprisingly, adults 35 and younger are more likely to read these documents than older workers. They're also more likely to go to their employer for information than older workers.
That may seem counterintuitive considering older workers are the ones who stand to lose the most as fees eat into their retirement savings. "Younger workers are less likely to have a DB plan, or they have less knowledge about investing," she said. Younger workers may not be as near to retirement, but they're still under pressure to save because they won't have defined benefit plans to rely on.
"Not surprising, almost 9 out of 10 participants either did not know the fees they paid or did not think they paid any fees for their employer-sponsored retirement plans," Salka said in a statement. "As participants are provided more detailed information about their retirement plans' structure and fees, we are interested to see how they respond."
Salka added that Monday's survey is part of a series on consumer understanding and actions.
LIMRA also found that just 12% of respondents said they could estimate how much they paid their retirement plan. Of those, 75% felt fees and expenses were reasonable, even though over half said they were paying more than 2%. LIMRA referred to a 2011 Investment Company Institute study that found the median "all-in" fee (which includes all investment fees and administrative or recordkeeping fees, except those specific to a participant's activity) for a defined contribution plan was just 0.78%.
Although most participants appear to be happy with the fees they pay on their plan, nearly a quarter said they would move their assets into lower-cost funds if they found out the fees they were paying were higher than average. Over 20% said they would speak to their employer about trying to lower fees and 12% said they would go straight to the fund provider to do the same. Sixteen percent of respondents said they wouldn't do anything about it if they found out their fees were higher than average, but most respondents (31%) didn't know what they would do.


text:
Companion planting is more than planting your favorite vegetables together; it's beneficial! When you plant flowers, herbs, and vegetables together it attracts garden hero birds and insects into your garden; birds and insects which are natural predators to those garden villains that like to eat plants. Companion planting—to attract beneficial birds and insects—is one of Mother Nature's organic gardening methods. Aromatic flowers and herbs planted alongside vegetables also help confuse and deter garden villains that seek out specific plants.
Another benefit to companion planting is the ability to shade lower-growing, shade-tolerant plants by planting tall-growing plants near them. By shielding lower-growing, shade-tolerant plants with tall-growing plants, this will result in higher yields. One example is planting corn next to squash.
Here are some Humble Seed plants, perfect for?companion?planting for?a harmonious garden:
Bull's Blood Beet pairs well with White Spear Bunching Onion.
Rose Tomato pairs well with Scarlet Nantes Carrot, Purly Chives, White Spear Bunching Onion, and Titan Parsley.
Scarlet Nantes Carrot pairs well with Purly Chives, Black Seeded Simpson Leaf Lettuce, Common Sage, and Rose Tomato.
Tuffy Acorn Squash and Yellow Crookneck Squash pair well with Double Standard Corn and Nasturtium (an annual flower).
Companion planting increases the biodiversity of your garden, and certain plants most definitely benefit when other plant species are planted near them. This spring give companion planting a whirl!


text:
Article first published as Keselowski Survives Dega Carnage to Win on Technorati.[/box]
TALLADEGA, Ala. — Brad Keselowski won the Aaron's 499 on Sunday at Talladega Superspeedway driving away from second place driver Kyle Busch.
It was the second trip to victory lane for BK this season, his second at Talladega and the sixth of his short Sprint Cup Series career. Keselowki handed Dodge its first victory at Talladega since Dave Marcis sored a win in 1976.
Busch took second, followed by Matt Kenseth, Kasey Kahne and Greg Biffle rounding out the top-five. Clint Bowyer, David Ragan, Trevor Bayne, Dale Earnhardt Jr. and Jeff Burton in 10th.
A succession of late race cautions drove the race six laps past its scheduled 188.
With 45 laps remaining the competitors were just starting out a set of green-flag pit stops wen a chain-reaction wreck in Turn 3 took out many contenders, including pole-sitter Jeff Gordon.
Aric Almirola and Dave Blaney made slight contact triggering the crash and ending the day for Martin Truex, Carl Edwards and Juan Montoya, among others.
"It was like a wreck at a stoplight," Edwards said. "Everybody started checking up and hitting each other."
With Paul Menard leading the race went green on lap 151. Hamlin, surged to the front, where he raced Brad Keselowski for the lead.
Kenseth was sent to the back of the field for pitting too soon under the Lap 143 caution, but wasted no time driving himself back into contention. He drove past Denny Hamlin on Lap 167 for the lead, with Keselowski and AJ Allmendinger following close behind.
Casey Mears cut a tire on lap 175 and brought out a caution setting up a restart with nine laps to go.
On lap 181, Kurt Busch spun into the inside wall at the entry to Turn 1 bringing out another caution. Kenseth led the field back to green on lap 185.
The green flag didn't last long. As soon as the leaders crossed the start/finish line, Hamlin made a quick move to the inside; and Allmendinger adjusted and clipped the nose of Hamlin's car taking out a few Dega hopefuls such as Kevin Harvick, Tony Stewart and Michael Waltrip.
NASCAR Sprint Cup returns to Darlinton Raceway for next Saturday night's running of the Bojangle's Southern 500, 6:30 pm EST on Fox.


text:
We've put together a list of the best Bite Beauty products in Virginia Beach Virginia, based solely on consumer reviews. Using our proprietary artificial intelligence software, we've scraped Amazon for user specific items, in an effort to place the best Bite Beauty Virginia Beach Virginia in one central location, in an effort to help consumers make the best possible Bite Beauty purchases, using the ratings of people who have actually used the items, rather than what is suggested to pay merchants the highest margins. It's really about making sure you are seeing the reality of what products are actually the best, rather than searching endlessly for the right solution.
- Doctor recommended ingredient for fast gas relief
- Great tasting mini-tablets
- Assorted fruit contains 3 different flavors; tropical fruit, cherry, and berry
- Store at 20-25°C (68-77°F) ; Each dose contains: calcium 75 mg
- High-pigmented
- Long wearing, water resistant
- Matte finish
- Balms & Moisturizers
- Mini Sizes for All 3 Products
- Agave+ Nighttime Lip Therapy, Agave Lip Mask, Agave+ Daytime Lip Balm
- A perfect soothing balm for ultimate hydration and recovery that quickly repairs and restores lips.
- A must have for on-the-go lip care, Agave Lip Balm is the perfect travel essential. Agave Lip Balm is a nourishing formula made from agave and rare Madagascan vanilla CO2 extract. Lips stay hydrated...
- Suggested Usage: Use Agave Lip Balm as a part of your daytime ritual. -Follow up with the Agave Sugar Scrub and Agave Lip Mask at night to ensure perfectly exfoliated and hydrated lips.
- Bite Beauty does not contain parabens, phthalates, or sulfates
- Bite Beauty Matte Crème Lip Crayon
- Color: Glacé - dusty mauve
- Mini Size: 0.031 oz
- Unboxed
- .52 oz./15g
- Paraben-free, gluten-free
- An intense lip recovery mask that soothes and replenishes moisture
- Bite Beauty Smashed Agave Lip Mask
- A leave-on lip mask infused with a universal red-wine tint for an instant, reparative glow.
- SIZE 0.52 oz
- Paraben-free, gluten-free
Best Bite Beauty To Buy In Virginia Beach Virginia FAQ
We receive lots of questions from readers, who are in the process of researching their upcoming purchase, for example:
- What is the Bite Beauty to buy in Virginia Beach Virginia for 2020, 2019, for 2018, or even for 2017 and earlier?
- What is the best Bite Beauty to buy in Virginia Beach Virginia on the market?
- What is the Bite Beauty?
These questions often plague consumers. You aren't alone.
The good news is that eBestReviews.com uses technology to search through Amazon reviews and scores, compiling a list of the best products within their shopping categories. You no longer have to search endlessly through products 1 by 1. Our API links directly to Amazon, then uses proprietary software to find the best products, saving you time.
Our reviews use artificial intelligence to keep our top rated reviews up to date, daily. As an item shifts in popularity or review rating, our post will update along with the reviews and ratings, to ensure you are receiving the most up to date information and ratings.
Take a moment to read more about us, and feel free to contact us with any questions you may have about the best Bite Beauty. Thank you for trusting eBestReviews for researching your next purchase.
Last update on 2020-10-24 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API


text:
Leap Motion Gesture Control – The upcoming release of Leap's new controller device may be the interface that finally keeps LCD screens clean. Using optical technology, this iPod sized box provides users the ability to control a PC or Mac with gestures in the air instead of a keyboard, mouse or touchscreen.
Initial reviews of the product indicate that the promised sensitivity is real and much more capable than the Wii and Kinect controllers that preceded it. It's a novel interface, and appears to require little or no additional programming, so we can expect to see some innovative retailer or consumer facing organization attempt to leverage the solution in a retail environment.
SnapTags – LouLou Magazine leverage SnapTags in their June Issue magazines. The articles available indicate that readers who download the LouLou App can use the app to read the circular codes to open additional extras, like videos and other additional content.
From the information available, SnapTags appear to be a more attractive flavour of 2D or QR barcodes or Microsoft Tags. The circles with the lines and dashes are more attractive, but the additional value beyond that is not clear to me. The fact that many people don't scan 2d barcodes doesn't have to do with how they look, it has to do with the fact that every phone doesn't have a 2d barcode reader as standard equipment as part of the camera. If they did, I would expect to see more usage. For myself, having one more app is not worth it to look at video or other extras, but I'm not the demographic they are looking for. I would just read the magazine as an app with the links built in.
Microsoft Mirage Table – Working with someone remotely is increasingly useful and plausible with increased bandwidth and simple to use collaboration tools.
Microsoft recently demonstrated what they call a MirageTable that provides a more immersive experience than video chat, providing a 3D virtual interaction that allows both parties to interact with objects together. This presents a potential improvement in remote sales and transactions, and many potential future applications.


text:
Skip the Pizza and Get The Sandwiches at Goodfellas Lower East Side
Pizza reviews in NYC.
144 Orchard Street New York, NY 10002 (between Rivington and Stanton; map);
Pizza style: Staten Island/New York
Oven type: Wood-fired brick
The skinny: A super-crunchy cornmeal crust. Toppings are your best best. Sandwiches are excellent.
Price: Small pies $10 to $12, large pies $19 to $23.
If you were to believe their own hype, you'd think that Goodfellas, a mini-chain started over on Hylan Boulevard in Staten Island back in 1992 was the "WORLD'S BEST PIZZA." Don't believe them? What if they were to tell you that they were voted World's Best Pizza?
Yeah, I'm a little skeptical too. I haven't been to the Staten Island locations (there are two now), but I've walked past the Lower East Side storefront on my way up to the pizza haven of the East Village many times. It looks like a generic, cookie-cutter, corporate pizza restaurant—like a Sbarro's with more brick and less brass.
But I'm not the kind of guy who judges a pizza before it passes my lips, and I was willing to give the pies a fair shake.
First the bad news: the plain pie (their Old World Style Pizza, $10 small, $19 large) is not good. The pretty rubbery fresh mozzarella is melted directly onto the cornmeal-stretched crust, the tinny, overcooked-tasting sauce applied in fat dollops on top of the pies. The crust could have used more color, but the cornmeal did give it a nice crunch—a useful crutch for piemen looking for extra crunch with little extra effort.
It's not as thin as other Staten Island-style pies I've had, but it has that characteristic stiff, cracker-like bottom.
The problem is that the pie is inexpensive, but it also tastes that way. Your best bet with this style of pie is to pile on as many flavorful toppings as you can and hope for the best.
The strategy works. The Alla Vodka Pizza ($12 small, $23 large) is a far better pie, with a creamy vodka sauce, sliced fresh cremini mushrooms, peas, and chunks of salty prosciutto. The creaminess of the sauce covers up some of that tomato tinniness and even adds some needed richness to the cheese. We had no problem downing this guy.
The Smokin' Goodfella's [sic] (small $12, large $23)was even better, with another creamy sauce (this time based on roasted peppers), chunks of Italian sausage, caramelized onions, strips of pepper, and a big handful of coarsely grated pecorino.
Would I align myself with the committee and vote Goodfellas to the top of the pie-chain? Not on your life. It was, however, a tasty enough casual meal with sit-down atmosphere at stand-up prices. Though to be honest, unless you're a toppings fiend, I'd skip the pizzas entirely and instead go for one of the sandwiches.
Those were excellent, and Max would like to tell you all about their crisp, grease-free, well-breaded eggplant parm.
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


text:
08 January, 2014 | (01 hr)
Sign In to access this Webcast
During this webcast, change management leader Brenda Brinson will share how to "keep it simple and get it done" and clarify the needs of individuals, teams, and organizations. Other topics addressed during the webcast will include:
• What is the best change methodology?
• How do we effectively make the business case?
• How do we gain the buy-in and support needed?
Audience: If you are a change practitioner or executive responsible for change and direction setting, this webcast should be of interest.
Brenda Brinson
Ms. Brinson navigates stakeholder groups through structured culture and organizational effectiveness planning, assesses organizational readiness, and ensures leadership and employee alignment and engagement. Prior to joining USAA in October 2011, she was was the global organizational effectivenes...Full Bio
Scott Dimmick
Scott is the Regional/Market Vice President of Human Resources with a large multi-hospital Health System. He has held VP and Divisional/Regional roles in Human Resources & Organizational Development with several large Fortune 500 companies and has over 20 years of experience in...Full Bio


text:
Correction: Energy Incentives story
In some versions of a Dec. 11 story about state aid to alternative-energy companies, The Associated Press erroneously reported that the state of Mississippi gave economic aid to GreenTech Automotive without a contract. The Mississippi Development Authority signed a loan agreement with GreenTech before loaning the company $3 million.
A corrected version of the story is below:
Companies with $227M in aid employ fewer than 500
Alternative energy start-ups got $227M in loans from Miss., have produced fewer than 500 jobs
By JEFF AMY
Associated Press
JACKSON, Miss. (AP) - Mississippi has disbursed nearly $227 million in aid to six alternative energy companies since 2010, but so far has fewer than 500 jobs to show for it.
Research by The Associated Press finds the state has put in most of its total commitment, mainly in loans, to help some companies get off the ground. But the companies in most cases don't have to meet job targets until five years or more after they begin production.
The three companies that Mississippi has given the most money to, KiOR, Stion and View, have pledged to create a total of 2,330 jobs. So far, after receiving $195 million in aid, almost all in loans, the three companies have about 300 employees combined.
Officials with the Mississippi Development Authority said it's unfair to judge the companies before they reach the dates specified for job creation.
"Most of these projects are still in the startup phase," said Kathy Gelston, chief financial officer for the Mississippi Development Authority. "Some of them are still in the construction phase. That's like saying `How is your house that you're halfway through building, how is it performing?" Well rain's falling in it because the roof's not on yet."
Gelston said that under deals with KiOR, Stion and View, the state agreed to finance the first phase of those projects, in part because private investment and loans were hard to obtain.
"We do believe we will eventually see good returns on these investments, but you're not going to see them in midstream," Gelston said.
The AP review of state records comes after the failure of the Twin Creeks solar plant in Senatobia. The company received $27.7 million in state aid and is now trying to recover that money as the company liquidates. The city of Senatobia was a pass-through for the aid and owns the building and most equipment. But it's unclear how much money the city will be able to get for those items and repay to the state.
MDA Director Brent Christensen cautioned against assuming KiOR, Stion and View will be just like Twin Creeks.
"You don't want to judge all the projects by the one that failed," he said.
An opponent of state investment in startup companies doesn't hesitate to draw conclusions, though.
"I think it is an extremely poor return on investment," said investment adviser Ashby Foote. He's the volunteer president of Bigger Pie Forum, a group promotes free-market policies for economic growth.
Gov. Phil Bryant and Lt. Gov. Tate Reeves say they oppose some aspects of deals signed under the administration of former Gov. Haley Barbour, but add that Mississippi must live up to contractual commitments it made with companies
Bryant said he's "very concerned" about job creation, but said he didn't think the state could renegotiate with companies that it has already signed contracts with.
"I don't think we could start doing that because one of the things you have to have in economic development is the ability to keep your word," he told AP.
However, state officials haven't signed contracts yet with some other firms, including Silicor, which wants to build a silicon plant in Columbus; Virdia, which wants to build biofuels plants; and GreenTech Automotive, which is building electric vehicles in Horn Lake.
The state had a deal to put in as much as $54 million, including a $50 million loan, but only would make half the loan to the San Jose, Calif. company until Twin Creeks itself invested $27 million. It's unclear how much Twin Creeks put in. Bryant told AP earlier that he stopped further aid to the company. Bryant has said he opposes state investments in start-ups and would prefer to deal with established industries.
Reeves noted he pushed a bill in last year's Legislature that would have limited MDA's ability to make loans without legislative approval. He also said he voted "no" on at least some loan requests MDA made while treasurer. However, other members of the state Bond Commission voted `yes," allowing the loans to go ahead.
Follow Jeff Amy at: https://twitter.com/jeffamy


text:
Like our products? We accept international orders! Delivery costs starting from 9,95 euros.
In stock
In production
Our classic Anorak pants are made from the same durable cotton fabric as our Anoraks. There is an elastic band in the waist and rib cuffs in the leg openings. The pants have Aquatx coating, making them stain and water repellent, and are a great choice for a stroll in the forest as well as in the city. Regular fit suitable for both men and women.Made in Finland and Estonia.
Product measurements picture


text:
LAS VEGAS – A familiar faced popped out of the crowd of reporters and onlookers at Saturday's UFC 114 post-fight press conference in Las Vegas – former PRIDE mainstay Ricardo Arona.
Arona (14-5) told MMAjunkie.com (www.mmajunkie.com) he was there to support his former teammate, Antonio Rogerio Nogueira, who defeated Jason Brilz at the pay-per-view event, and get a meeting with UFC president Dana White.
"I talked to him before, but I don't know yet," Arona said. "I hope so. I've got to talk to him about me coming back to fight. I will try, but he's very busy."
Earlier in the evening, White told a small group of reporters that he is indeed open to meeting with the Brazilian.
"I'll talk to him," White said.
Arona, a decorated submission grappler, was once considered one of the world's top light heavyweights and fought a laundry list of top-tier talent in PRIDE.
His decision victory over Wanderlei Silva in August 2005 is considered one of the greatest upsets in the Japanese promotion's history.
The 31-year-old fighter struggled afterward and lost three of his last four fights in the promotion. When PRIDE went belly-up in March 2007, he struggled to find fights (some critics believe his grappling-heavy style contributed to the layoff). He returned to action this past September with a unanimous decision victory over Marvin Eastman at Bitteti Combat 4.
Arona said fighting in the UFC is a long-held goal.
"Of course, a long time," he said. "[It would be a] great moment to do that."
Arona said if his meeting with White is successful, he'd like to make his octagon debut at the end of this year.
"I had an injury in [the Eastman] fight, and I came back to training now, so I need more time," Arona said.
Arona didn't call out any current UFC fighters – a job is good enough right now.
"Everybody's asking me why I'm not fighting, but I think I will talk to the boss, and maybe then I will do it," Arona said.
For more on UFC 114, check out UFC Events section of MMAjunkie.com.
(Pictured: Ricardo Arona)
Steven Marrocco is a staff reporter for MMAjunkie.com and an MMA contributor for The Vancouver Sun.


text:
|Oracle® OLAP DML Reference
11g Release 2 (11.2)
Part Number E17122-05
|View PDF
Use the PARSE command to parse a specified group of expressions. When the argument can be parsed, PARSE determines the number of expressions in it and their text, object type, data type, and the number and names of their dimensions. This information is stored internally by Oracle OLAP, but can be obtained with the INFO function.
A PARSE statement is especially useful when you want to accept expressions as arguments to a program.
PARSE text-expression
A text expression that contains one or more smaller expressions to be parsed. When you are processing program arguments, you can specify an ARGS function as the text expression that contains all the arguments for the program.
Usage Notes
Obtaining Information Produced by a PARSE Statement
See the INFO (PARSE) function for an explanation of how to obtain the information produced by a PARSE statement.
Example 10-72 Parsing the Arguments to a Program
In a simple report program, you want to specify the data to be reported as an argument to the program. You want to be able to specify an expression and the name of a data variable.
Suppose you want to display each of the arguments with a different column width, which means you must process the arguments individually. The ARGS function can only process them together. So you use PARSE and INFO to parse the arguments and produce individual columns for each of them. Here is a sample program.
DEFINE report1 PROGRAM PROGRAM PUSH month product district DECIMALS DECIMALS = 0 LIMIT month TO FIRST 2 LIMIT product TO ALL LIMIT district TO 'Chicago' PARSE ARGS REPORT ACROSS month WIDTH 8 <&INFO(PARSE FORMULA 1) - WIDTH 13 &INFO(PARSE FORMULA 2)> POP month product district DECIMALS END
When you run the program, you can supply either the names of variables (such as
sales) or expressions (such as
sales-expense) or one of each as arguments. The following REPORT statement produces the illustrated report.
report1 sales sales-expense DISTRICT: CHICAGO --------------------MONTH-------------------- --------JAN95--------- --------FEB95--------- PRODUCT SALES SALES-EXPENSE SALES SALES-EXPENSE ------------ -------- ------------- -------- ------------- Tents 29,099 1,595 29,010 1,505 Canoes 45,278 292 50,596 477 Racquets 54,270 1,400 58,158 1,863 Sportswear 72,123 7,719 80,072 9,333 Footwear 90,288 8,117 96,539 13,847


text:
We need you to update and translate Bandicut languages.
Everyone is welcome to join the Bandicut Translation. All you need is an interest or passion and a computer.
* How to translate Bandicut
1. Go to the language folder of Bandicut and open "English.ini".
- Windows 7/8/10: C:\Program Files (x86)\Bandicut\lang\English.ini
2. Translate the "English.ini" file in to your language.
3. Save your "Language.ini" file and choose the "Unicode" Encoding option.
4. Go to "Configuration", and select your language to check your translation.
5. Post your "xxx.ini" file in this board or send it to email@example.com
We really appreciate your contribution.
* Also see...
- Translation 1: Bandicut language files (*.ini)
- Bandicut Web Translation


text:
WILTON -- Brad Zupp puts his brain's little grey cells through a daily mental gymnastics routine filled with all kinds of leaps, twists and turns. Recently, he helped the U.S. team to a fifth-place finish -- its best ever -- at the World Memory Championships in London, England. During the three-day event, Dec. 14-16, 10 separate contests challenged competitors to remember the most in the allotted time. Zupp, of Wilton, memorized 705 digits of a random binary number (011000110100111...) in one hour, memorized a shuffled deck of cards in 113 seconds in the Speed Cards event and memorized nine decks of cards in one hour in the Hour Cards event. "Being surrounded by other people who train their minds for hours a day was amazing, but intimidating, and the competition was fierce," he said. "I did my best and I'm happy with most of my scores. I'm happiest that we as a team did so well." Zupp, with 2,433 points, placed 27th in a field of 58 adults. His U.S. teammates, Nelson Dellis of Florida and Luis Echeverria of California, finished seventh (5,273) and 47th (1,210), respectively. Two dozen countries were represented. Germany had four of the top five finishers, led by Johannes Mallow's score of 8,413 points. "The most difficult event was the Hour Numbers event," Zupp said. "We had one hour to memorize as many digits of a random number as we could. I overextended myself by trying to memorize 1,200. When it came time to recall them, I had trouble with at least one digit in nearly every 40-digit line. Because we had to get at least 38 out of every 40 digits correct to score points for that line, I didn't do well." Zupp said that help, support and encouragement from teammates was important. "Every night after the competition, I tried to get a good solid dinner, then get to bed early," he said. "One night I went out with one of my fellow American competitors and we had a great time discussing training techniques and ways to improve. As much as we all were competing against each other, everyone is willing to share ideas and techniques, and to support each other. When I got back to the hotel each night, I tried to clear my mind, relax and not think too much about the next day's events, though that proved difficult." Zupp is already planning for next year's competition and will train even harder. But first up is the USA Memory Championship, scheduled for March in New York City. "I want to be in the top three there, and I've already started training for it," he said. Zupp, 44, has made a career out of teaching that memory can be improved and that people can enjoy "working out" their minds, the same as they do their bodies by going to the gym. He is a motivational speaker for adults and has an educational show that he performs in schools throughout the Northeast for grades three through six. "Competing at the World Memory Championship has helped my idea of how much stress can impact memory and how important it is to learn how to relax during test-taking and business situations, where memory is so important," Zupp said. "My abilities are growing in direct relationship to how much training I do. I discussed this with many of the other competitors and we all agree that winning isn't about innate talent or ability, it's really about who is willing to work the hardest."
Wilton man helps lead US team to fifth-place finish in the World Memory Games
- Paul Post
- Comments
Most Popular
- Two COVID-19 deaths reported in Saratoga County
- New York State Police Department blotter
- Saratoga Springs Police Department blotter
- Malta Farm & Garden serves farm, garden and pet supply needs
- Saratoga Springs Police Department blotter
- Motivated voters take advantage of early voting in Capital Region
- Parolee charged with possession of stolen property in Wilton
- Reader's View: Charter change for stronger democracy & inclusivity
- Sharon Osbourne: I think about Keanu Reeves a lot
- Wellspring to construct facility to provide support to victims of domestic violence and sexual assault


text:
Out of Stock
The item you're looking for is currently unavailable.
Marilyn Saker is the author of 'Workbook to accompany Music in Theory and Practice, Volume 1 with Finale Discount Sticker', published 2008 under ISBN 9780077294236 and ISBN 0077294238.[read more]
You can find lots of answers to common customer questions in our FAQs
View a detailed breakdown of our shipping prices
Learn about our return policy
Still need help? Feel free to contact us
View college textbooks by subject
and top textbooks for college
With our dedicated customer support team, you can rest easy knowing that we're doing everything we can to save you time, money, and stress.