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Chemistry is a core science subject that touches almost every aspect of our daily lives and will become increasingly important in our future knowledge-based society. Chemists develop life-saving drugs, medical devices, materials and sensors that can enhance our quality of life beyond measure.
Four-year MSci degrees are available for high-calibre students with the ability and aspiration to practice Chemistry at the highest levels. BSc students with excellent performance may transfer to the MSci up to the end of Stage 2.
Students on the Medicinal Chemistry programme at Queen's receive a multidisciplinary training at the interface of chemistry and biology which covers the core divisions of chemistry as well as biochemistry, microbiology and drug design.
Information on the implications of Brexit for prospective students.
Course content
|While providing dedicated subject-specific learning, our Chemistry degrees strongly emphasise opportunities to develop generic problem-solving and reflective-working practices applicable to a range of career paths and patterns of employability.
Many of the elements of the BSc are in common with the MSci programme, and allow students to transfer between the two pathways, subject to meeting the appropriate programme requirements.
All degrees are modular, with six modules each year. All provide a thorough training in the main subject areas (Analytical, Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry) through compulsory core modules which offer in-depth study of these areas.
|Stage 1
|In Stage 1 Medicinal Chemistry students start with introductory modules in Organic, Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, as well as Molecular Biology and Mathematics. They also take practical classes in Chemistry and Molecular Biology.
Stage 1 courses are outlined below:
Introductory Mathematics for Chemists and Engineers or Skills for Physical Chemistry
Organic Chemistry Level 1
Inorganic Chemistry Level 1
Physical Theory
Molecular Basis of Life for Medicinal Chemists
|Stage 2
|Students take more advanced modules to cover topics in Analytical, Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, as well as Structural Chemistry, developing the practical and theoretical skills required to identify and interrogate the structure of molecules. A module in Industrial and Green Chemistry introduces students to key concepts in these areas and a core module in Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics exposes them to cutting edge techniques that are changing the face of modern medicine and drug-discovery.
Stage 2 courses are outlined below:
Structural Chemistry
Organic Chemistry 2
Inorganic Chemistry 2
Industrial and Green Chemistry
Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics
|Stage 3
|Year in Industry - at Stage 3, students enrolled in the BSc Medicinal Chemistry with a year in Industry course spend their third year working in industry - subject to the availability of a suitable placement - then return to Queen's for a final year of study.
|Stage 4
|In addition to advancing the main subject areas of analytical, organic, inorganic and physical chemistry, students can also select a number of applied options allowing opportunities to specialise. These include a double-weighted research project directly supervised by a member of staff which will help them experience the full breadth of key areas in Chemistry and acquire both subject-specific and generic skills to act as a springboard to a successful career. Within the Advanced Practical work all students carry out inorganic and organic project work - Medicinal chemistry students also carry out a specialised medicinal-based project.
Stage 4 courses are outlined below:
Advanced Practical Work in Medicinal Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry 3
Organic Chemistry 3
Drug Development
Advanced Chemistry Options (the section on Computational Chemistry in Drug Discovery and Design is compulsory for Medicinal Chemistry)
Different pathways offer opportunities to specialise.
Students enrolled in the MSci Medicinal Chemistry and MSci Medicinal Chemistry with a year in Industry courses undertake optional specialist modules and extended practical/project work in their final year of study.
Chemistry & Chem Engineering
Dr Cochrane is interested in the study of novel enzymatic processes, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and the mechanism of action of antimicrobial and anticancer peptides.
|Large Group Teaching
|7 (hours maximum)
7 hours of lectures or seminars
|Medium Group Teaching
|6 (hours maximum)
6 hours of practical classes or workshops each week; laboratory hours will increase as more project work is undertaken at Levels 3-4 (as applicable; there are separate requirements for the year in Industry)
|Personal Study
|24 (hours maximum)
22–24 hours studying and revising in your own time each week, including some guided study using handouts, online activities, etc.
|Small Group Teaching/Personal Tutorial
|2 (hours maximum)
2 hours of tutorials (or later, project supervision) each week; Year in Industry: supervision as required and December interview
At Queen's, we aim to deliver a high-quality learning environment that embeds intellectual curiosity, innovation and best practice in learning, teaching and student support to enable student to achieve their full academic potential.
On the BSc in Medicinal Chemistry with Industry we do this by providing a range of learning experiences which enable our students to engage with subject experts and develop attributes and perspectives that will equip them for life and work in a global society. We make use of innovative technologies and a world class library to enhance their development as independent, lifelong learners.
Examples of the opportunities provided for learning on this course are:
Details of assessments associated with this course are outlined below:
As students progress through their course at Queen's they will receive general and specific feedback about their work from a variety of sources including lecturers, module co-ordinators, placement supervisors, personal tutors, advisers of study and peers. University students are expected to engage with reflective practice and to use this approach to improve the quality of their work. Feedback may be provided in a variety of forms including:
Investment continues to be made in the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering extending our range of facilities. The well-equipped research laboratories are augmented by excellent computational facilities and some of the most modern instrumentation available. The School has recently invested in a lab containing 18 brand new analytical instruments, from HPLC, GC and mass spectrometers, to FT-IR, UV-Vis and Fluorescence spectroscopy, dedicated to the training of analytical techniques.
In addition to an instrument pool containing a range of infrared and ultra violet / visible spectrometers, a circular dichroism spectrometer and polarimeter, major items of equipment possessed by the School include NMR spectrometers, powder X-ray diffractometer, Time of Flight Mass Spectrometers, GC / mass spectrometers, Elemental analyser, Thermal analysers F.T. infrared spectrometers, BET, Scanning electron microscope and a range of the most modern facilities for laser-based spectroscopy, including nanosecond pulsed system.
Entry Requirements
|A level requirements
BBB including Chemistry and a second Science subject + GCSE Mathematics grade C.
|Irish leaving certificate requirements
H3H3H3H3H4H4/H3H3H3H3H3 including Higher Level grade H3 in Chemistry and a second Science subject + if not offered at Higher Level then Ordinary Level grade O4 in Mathematics
|Access Course
Successful completion of Access Course with an average of 80% with no less than 70% in any module including sufficient relevant modules in Chemistry. GCSE Mathematics grade C or equivalent in Access Course.
|International Baccalaureate Diploma
32 points overall including 6,5,5 at Higher Level to include Higher Level Chemistry and a second Science subject + GCSE Mathematics grade C.
Standard Level grade 4 in Mathematics would be acceptable in lieu of the GCSE requirement.
A minimum of a 2:2 Honours Degree, provided any subject requirements are also met.
|All applicants
Acceptable second Science subjects:
Biology, Computer Science, ICT (not Applied), Environmental Science, Environmental Technology, Geography, Geology, Mathematics, Physics, Technology & Design. Other subjects considered on an individual basis.
In addition, to the entrance requirements above, it is essential that you read our guidance below on 'How we choose our students' prior to submitting your UCAS application.
In addition, to the entrance requirements above, it is essential that you read our guidance below on 'How we choose our students' prior to submitting your UCAS application.
Applications are dealt with centrally by the Admissions and Access Service rather than by the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Once your on-line form has been processed by UCAS and forwarded to Queen's, an acknowledgement is normally sent within two weeks of its receipt at the University.
Selection is on the basis of the information provided on your UCAS form. Decisions are made on an ongoing basis and will be notified to you via UCAS.
For entry last year, applicants for programmes in Chemistry offering A-level/BTEC Level 3 qualifications must have had, or been able to achieve, a minimum of five GCSE passes at grade C or better (to include English Language and Mathematics), though this profile may change from year to year depending on the demand for places. The Selector also checks that any specific entry requirements in terms of GCSE and/or A-level subjects can be fulfilled.
Offers are normally made on the basis of three A-levels. Two subjects at A-level plus two at AS would also be considered. The minimum acceptable is two subjects at A-level plus one at AS though candidates offering this combination will be considered on an individual basis depending on the degree for which they have applied. The offer for repeat candidates may be one grade higher than for first time applicants. Grades may be held from the previous year.
Applicants offering two A-levels and one BTEC Subsidiary Diploma/National Extended Certificate (or equivalent qualification) will also be considered. Offers will be made in terms of performance in individual BTEC units rather than the overall BTEC grade(s) awarded. Please note that a maximum of one BTEC Subsidiary Diploma/National Extended Certificate (or equivalent) will be counted as part of an applicant's portfolio of qualifications. The normal GCSE profile will be expected.
Applicants offering other qualifications, such as relevant Higher National Certificates and Diplomas, will also be considered.
For applicants offering a relevant HNC, the current requirements for admission to Stage 1 are successful completion of the HNC with 1 Distinction and remainder Merits. For those offering a Higher National Diploma, there may be the possibility of advanced entry to Stage 2 depending on relevance of the HND and first year results (at least half of the first year units must be at Merit grade). Where offers are made for entry to Stage 2 students would be required to achieve 2 Distinctions (in specified units) and remainder Merits in all units assessed in final year. Those not eligible for entry to Stage 2 would be considered for entry to Stage 1 provided at least one first year unit is at Merit grade. Students would be required to achieve Merits in all units assessed in final year. For those offering a HNC or HND, some flexibility may be allowed in terms of GCSE profile.
The information provided in the personal statement section and the academic reference together with predicted grades are noted but, in the case of degree courses in Chemistry, these are not the final deciding factors in whether or not a conditional offer can be made. However, they may be reconsidered in a tie break situation in August.
A-level General Studies and A-level Critical Thinking would not normally be considered as part of a three A-level offer and, although they may be excluded where an applicant is taking four A-level subjects, the grade achieved could be taken into account if necessary in August/September.
Candidates are not normally asked to attend for interview.
If you are made an offer then you may be invited to a Faculty/School Visit Day, which is usually held in the second semester. This will allow you the opportunity to visit the University and to find out more about the degree programme of your choice and the facilities on offer. It also gives you a flavour of the academic and social life at Queen's.
If you cannot find the information you need here, please contact the University Admissions and Access Service (firstname.lastname@example.com), giving full details of your qualifications and educational background.
For information on international qualification equivalents, please check the specific information for your country.
An IELTS score of 6.0 with a minimum of 5.5 in each test component or an equivalent acceptable qualification, details of which are available at: http://go.qub.ac.uk/EnglishLanguageReqs
If you need to improve your English language skills before you enter this degree programme, INTO Queen's University Belfast offers a range of English language courses. These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for admission to this degree.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we will be offering Academic English and Pre-sessional courses online only from June to September 2020.
INTO Queen's offers a range of academic and English language programmes to help prepare international students for undergraduate study at Queen's University. You will learn from experienced teachers in a dedicated international study centre on campus, and will have full access to the University's world-class facilities.
These programmes are designed for international students who do not meet the required academic and English language requirements for direct entry.
INTO - English Language Course(QSIS ELEMENT IS EMPTY)
Course content
Studying for a degree in Medicinal Chemistry with Industry at Queen's will assist you in developing the core skills and employment-related experiences that are valued by employers, professional organisations and academic institutions. Graduates from this degree at Queen's are well regarded by many employers (local, national and international) and over half of all graduate jobs are now open to graduates of any discipline, including chemistry.
Athena Swan
The School has been awarded the prestigious Athena SWAN silver award for its work in promoting women in science.
Employment after the Course
Medicinal Chemistry with Industry graduates have entered careers in a wide variety of fields, including the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industry, the forensic services, publishing, marketing, teaching and the financial services.
As regards the MSci in Medicinal Chemistry and the MSci in Medicinal Chemistry with a Year in Industry it is anticipated that graduates will go on to study for a PhD in a variety of leading institutions or take up a graduate grade position in the pharmaceutical industry.
Employment Links
Employer Links and Consultations:
We regularly consult and develop links with a large number of employers including, for example, Teva, Almac, and Seagate and also have an Industrial Advisory board for the course composed of experienced senior industrial members.
Placement Employers
Our past students have also gained work placement with organisations such as:
Teva (Pharmaceuticals) Almac (Pharmaceuticals)
Norbrook (Veterinary pharmaceuticals) Randox (Medical diagnostics)
Boehringer Ingelheim (Pharmaceuticals)
Many of the research projects within the School have industrial input, and are in collaboration with a wide variety of companies operating in the chemical sector. Given the close working relationships, between industry and the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering new opportunities to expand placements, industrial contact and career opportunities are continually developing.
Professional Opportunities
Queen's is a member of the Russell Group and, therefore, one of the 20 universities most-targeted by leading graduate employers. Queen's students will be advised and guided about career choice and, through the Degree Plus initiative, will have an opportunity to seek accreditation for skills development and experience gained through the wide range of extra-curricular activities on offer. See Queen's University Belfast full Employability Statement for further information.
Degree Plus and other related initiatives
Recognising student diversity, as well as promoting employability enhancements and other interests, is part of the developmental experience at Queen's. Students are encouraged to plan and build their own, personal skill and experiential profile through a range of activities including; recognised Queen's Certificates, placements and other work experiences (at home or overseas), Erasmus study options elsewhere in Europe, learning development opportunities and involvement in wider university life through activities, such as clubs, societies, and sports.
Queen's actively encourages this type of activity by offering students an additional qualification, the Degree Plus Award (and the related Researcher Plus Award for PhD and MPhil students). Degree Plus accredits wider experiential and skill development gained through extra-curricular activities that promote the enhancement of academic, career management, personal and employability skills in a variety of contexts. As part of the Award, students are also trained on how to reflect on the experience(s) and make the link between academic achievement, extracurricular activities, transferable skills and graduate employment. Participating students will also be trained in how to reflect on their skills and experiences and can gain an understanding of how to articulate the significance of these to others, e.g. employers.
Overall, these initiatives, and Degree Plus in particular, reward the energy, drive, determination and enthusiasm shown by students engaging in activities over-and-above the requirements of their academic studies. These qualities are amongst those valued highly by graduate employers.
Additional Awards Gained(QSIS ELEMENT IS EMPTY)
Prizes and Awards(QSIS ELEMENT IS EMPTY)
In addition to your degree programme, at Queen's you can have the opportunity to gain wider life, academic and employability skills. For example, placements, voluntary work, clubs, societies, sports and lots more. So not only do you graduate with a degree recognised from a world leading university, you'll have practical national and international experience plus a wider exposure to life overall. We call this Degree Plus. It's what makes studying at Queen's University Belfast special.
Entry requirements
Fees and Funding
|Northern Ireland (NI)
|England, Scotland or Wales (GB)
|Other (non-UK) EU *
Tuition fee rates are calculated based on a student's tuition fee status and generally increase annually by inflation. How tuition fees are determined is set out in the Student Finance Framework.
* The tuition fees that EU students starting courses at UK universities following the agreed transition period are required to pay will depend on what is agreed as part of the UK's exit negotiations. Please refer to www.qub.ac.uk/brexit-advice/information-for-students
All Students
Depending on the programme of study, there may be extra costs which are not covered by tuition fees, which students will need to consider when planning their studies.
Students can borrow books and access online learning resources from any Queen's library.
If students wish to purchase recommended texts, rather than borrow them from the University Library, prices per text can range from £30 to £100. A programme may have up to 6 modules per year, each with a recommended text.
Students should also budget between £30 to £75 per year for photocopying, memory sticks and printing charges.
Students undertaking a period of work placement or study abroad, as either a compulsory or optional part of their programme, should be aware that they will have to fund additional travel and living costs.
If a final year includes a major project or dissertation, there may be costs associated with transport, accommodation and/or materials. The amount will depend on the project chosen. There may also be additional costs for printing and binding.
Students may wish to consider purchasing an electronic device; costs will vary depending on the specification of the model chosen.
There are also additional charges for graduation ceremonies, examination resits and library fines.
Medicinal Chemistry Sandwich costs
Students are required to buy a laboratory coat in year 1 at a cost of approx. £15.
Students have the option to hire a locker each year, at a cost of approx. £10 per student per year (refundable at end of the academic year).
Students have the option to join the Royal Society of Chemistry at a cost of approx. £20 per year
Students undertake a placement in year 3 and are responsible for funding travel, accommodation and subsistence costs. These costs vary depending on the location and duration of the placement. Students may receive payment from their placement provider during their placement year.
There are different tuition fee and student financial support arrangements for students from Northern Ireland, those from England, Scotland and Wales (Great Britain), and those from the rest of the European Union.
Information on funding options and financial assistance for undergraduate students is available at http://www.qub.ac.uk/Study/Undergraduate/Fees-and-scholarships/.
Each year, we offer a range of scholarships and prizes for new students. Information on scholarships available.
Information on scholarships for international students, is available at http://www.qub.ac.uk/International/International-students/International-scholarships/.
How to Apply
Application for admission to full-time undergraduate and sandwich courses at the University should normally be made through the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). Full information can be obtained from the UCAS website at: www.ucas.com/students.
When to Apply
UCAS will start processing applications for entry in autumn 2020 from 1 September 2019.
Advisory closing date: 15 January 2020 (18:00). This is the 'equal consideration' deadline for this course.
Applications from UK and EU students after this date are, in practice, considered by Queen's for entry to this course throughout the remainder of the application cycle (30 June 2020) subject to the availability of places.
Applications from International (non-UK/EU) students are normally considered by Queen's for entry to this course until 30 June 2020. If you apply for 2020 entry after this deadline, you will automatically be entered into Clearing.
Applicants are encouraged to apply as early as is consistent with having made a careful and considered choice of institutions and courses.
The Institution code name for Queen's is QBELF and the institution code is Q75.
Further information on applying to study at Queen's is available at: http://www.qub.ac.uk/Study/Undergraduate/How-to-apply/
The terms and conditions that apply when you accept an offer of a place at the University on a taught programme of study. Queen's University Belfast Terms and Conditions.
Fees and Funding
Queen's University Belfast is committed to Equality, Diversity and Inclusion.
For more information please read our Equality and Diversity Policy.
Queen's University Belfast is registered with the Charity Commission for Northern Ireland NIC101788
VAT registration number: GB 254 7995 11


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- Research Grants
Research Supported by FAPESP assembles referential information of scholarships and research grants from various research modalities, awarded by FAPESP.
Concerning projects carried out in research institutions abroad, FAPESP encourages granted researchers to develop collaborative research with renowned partner organizations from other countries, such as the institution abroad .
The display board "FAPESP Support in Numbers" presents the number of ongoing or concluded scholarships and research grants, awarded by the Foundation, in cooperation with the institution abroad Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI). In the center of the page, you will see some information on those awarded scholarships and research grants.
Use the "Refine results" list of options to filter information on awarded research in cooperation with the research institution abroad Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI) and to get results that are more specific for your search, according to the following parameters: type of Research Grants, modalities of Scholarships, Field of Knowledge and Start Date.
The Maps and Graphs show the geographical distribution of FAPESP sponsorship in the State of São Paulo and the historical sequence of funded research, by year, of the ongoing projects from the cooperation with the research institution abroad Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI).
See other higher education and research institutions abroad
See also home research institutions in the State of São Paulo
Chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligatory intracellular bacteria and have a broad host spectrum. These microorganisms infect many mammalian, avian species and wild and domestic animals, as well as human beings. The impact of chlamydial infections on human and animal health places these obligate intracellular microorganisms among the most significant zoonotic bacterial agents. Regarding t...
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|Completed scholarships abroad
|Associated processes
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Follow RFF News on your cell phone. Text follow rff to 40404 you will receive txt messages with RFF News
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Not trying to cause drama or anything, but....Honestly, the people that come to this website are big fans of the show and will watch anyway no matter what the spoilers reveal, guaranteed or they wouldnt be here looking for spoilers if they werent invested in the show. So to say the show would be cancelled for putting spoilers on a random forum on the internet is just absurd.
I'm quite content not to know who wins, don't mind knowing F3, but I agree, having all the spoilers and the final outcome overall is really not a great idea to release. It nearly ruined TAR11
Quote from: Kiwi Jay on July 13, 2011, 11:32:22 PMI'm quite content not to know who wins, don't mind knowing F3, but I agree, having all the spoilers and the final outcome overall is really not a great idea to release. It nearly ruined TAR11Especially since none of us really liked Eric & Danielle.
The helicopter, which flew around Monday to Hillerød and Frederiksborg Castle, was part of an American TV production. Frederiksborg Castle will not go with more because it has signed a confidentiality. Evidence suggests that there can be no reality travel program "Amazing Race" have not previously been in Denmark. Foto: Jimmy Rømer Helicopter over Hillerød procession American television program Hill: The helicopter that Monday morning circling over Hillingdon and especially Frederiksborg Castle, was part of an American television crew. The Americans were in Hillingdon to record a TV program on the Danish castle. It gives information dissemination employee name removed from Frederiksborg Castle. There is an American television program that made filming. The helicopter lavede overview images, says name removed. She must not comment on further details as she has signed a secrecy with the American broadcaster.According to one source, there was an American adventure program that was on a visit to Hillerød. Evidence suggests that there may be talk about the American reality TV program "Amazing Race". . This raises a bunch of players from the United States around the world where they solve problems and find clues to the next destination, often found in and around famous tourist attractions. Another indication that the "Amazing Race" has been by Hill, is that Denmark is during the show's 19th editions so far been ignored. In contrast, Sweden is visited three times and Norway twice.
@RyanStorms had these two tweetsSo ask me why I was at the gas station & I was filmed for the #AmazingRace they asked me how to get to LAX #LookForMeOnTV haha58 minutes agoSo #TheLife gets crazier so after being randomly filmed for the amazing race I see that one of them dropped there passport!!13 minutes ago
Quote from: Plaidmoon on June 18, 2011, 10:12:06 PM@RyanStorms had these two tweetsSo ask me why I was at the gas station & I was filmed for the #AmazingRace they asked me how to get to LAX #LookForMeOnTV haha58 minutes agoSo #TheLife gets crazier so after being randomly filmed for the amazing race I see that one of them dropped there passport!!13 minutes ago I'm really curious of what became of this. Was it real?
He was probably the kind stranger mentioned in the episode title
Whoever you are, I have always depended on the kindness of strangers.
1st clue asks them to travel via MRT to Shima station , teams must find a clue written in Chinese (red and yellow bubbles??)on Electric BillBoard like season 9 , like Tokyo task
saw 5 cameras on the plane...
... sat next to Andy "surfer dude" from Tahoe.
..said Andy definitely talked about snowboarding and that he was a Christian and from Tahoe.
... remembers {{Marcus/Amani}} on that flight all in orange.
...talked about how Andy had some teenagers on the plane growl at the tall African American guy (we assumed was {{Marcus}}) when he walked by as some sort of an inside joke.
...mentioned that {{AA woman, thought by source to be Amani}} asked to borrow Andy's New Testament on the flight.
the lady (we assumed was {Amani}) mentioned that her husband was a doctor and that is how they felt God provided for them to have time off to do the race.
the woman pointed over to her husband (she was sitting with him but had come over to borrow the Bible) and made this comment. He was the very tall African American.
...also remembers the Chinese American woman and the father/son {{Sunderland}}.
... definitely remembers the "older" husband and wife in the airport as well.
..they were asking about where the lake was from the plane but no specifics on the task. The only thing {source} noticed them asking about at the airport was whether or not they could get a taxi with a meter (which they do NOT have here, of course).
he was male. African american man tall and built kinda dressed like ur typical basketball coach. Had a beard, think he had his wife with him.
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A number of roads in the Shasta-Trinity National Forest were dropped from the road system for a variety of reasons, said District Ranger Donna Harmon. They are therefore not legally open to motorized vehicle travel due to the 2010 finalization of Subpart B of the Forest Service's Travel Analysis Process.
Imagine packing a picnic lunch and jumping in your truck for an afternoon adventure. With no exact location in mind, you decide to take a drive out South Fork above Lake Siskiyou. You rumble down a dirt road and take a couple lefts, a few rights. There are no signs to guide you; you go on a whim where the road takes you.
In the real world, such a drive could earn you a fine or a few months in jail if you happen to wander onto a road that is not marked on the Forest Service's official Motor Vehicle Use Map.
A number of roads in the Shasta-Trinity National Forest were dropped from the road system for a variety of reasons, said District Ranger Donna Harmon. They are therefore not legally open to motorized vehicle travel due to the 2010 finalization of Subpart B of the Forest Service's Travel Analysis Process.
Only roads marked on the official MVUM are open to motor traffic, Harmon explained. Maps for the Shasta-Trinity were released in March. They are available for free at Forest Service ranger stations and serve as an "enforcement tool" for the 2005 Travel Management Rule.
Roads designated for motorized use may not always be marked with signs, confirmed Schirete Zick, who is in charge of public affairs for the Shasta-Trinity National Forest.
It is the user's responsibility to reference the MVUM to ensure they're on a route designated for the motor vehicle they are using, according to the Forest Service's website.
The policy also states that cars are not permitted to park more than one car length from the marked road for any purpose, including camping or woodcutting.
Violations are subject to a fine from $150 to $5,000 and/or six months imprisonment, Zick said.
Prohibitions apply regardless of the presence or absence of signs.
Travel Management Rule
In Subpart B of the Travel Analysis Process, which was completed in 2010, the forests were instructed to "prohibit cross country travel," Harmon said.
Through the National Environmental Policy Act process, the Forest Service designated roads, trails, and areas open to motor vehicles in the Motorized Travel Management Record of Decision.
The need to limit motorized travel in the National Forest came in response to an increase of off-highway vehicles, the Forest Service states on their webpage.
"The increase in OHV use also affects soil, water, wildlife habitat, and other recreational visitors," according to the website. "Today unmanaged recreation, including impacts from off-highway vehicles, represents one of four key threats facing the nation's forests and grasslands."
Harmon explained roads have a variety of "maintenance levels," and are designated for certain kinds of traffic depending on their safety, function, and proximity to culturally sensitive or environmentally significant areas.
"Some of the (previously used) roads might have been user made but never officially adopted into the road system," Harmon said. "Some of them were never authorized."
During the Subpart B process, a "considerable number" of roads were dropped from the official system because of these limiting factors, Harmon said.
However, she pointed out that non-motorized use of roads not featured on the MVUM is allowed and, according to the Forest Service, it does not shut down access to camping, wood gathering, hunting and other activities.
That includes pedestrian use, horseback riding and bike riding, Harmon said.
"You will be able to park within one vehicle length from the edge of an authorized route where it is safe to do so without causing damage to forest facilities and resources. You will then be able to walk in to access those sites," the Forest Service states on their website.
Zick said the maps became enforceable once they were released in March. After an approximately year-long "transition period," during which the public is educated about the MVUMs, violations will be issued.
Regulations on the MVUM will be enforced by Forest Service Law Personnel, Zick said.
Public opinion
During a meeting of the Board of Supervisors in Mount Shasta on July 2, during which Harmon asked for input on the Travel Analysis Process, Subpart A, many in the audience spoke about the MVUMs and the difficulty they have navigating them.
Peter Van Susteren, who worked for the Forest Service in Mount Shasta and McCloud for 30 years, said he knows the roads very well and the MVUM is "incomprehensible" and "a complete mess."
Van Susteren said the omission of roads on the MVUM leads to confusion.
"Just because (roads) are not on the map doesn't mean they're not on the ground," he said.
Harmon agreed the MVUMs are "not great navigational maps" and said the Forest Service recommends using them in conjunction with another, more navigable map.
Making the maps usable
MVUMs will be updated annually to correct mapping errors or discrepancies and update travel decisions, according to the Forest Service's website.
District Ranger Carolyn Napper of the Shasta-McCloud Management Unit said in a guest opinion which appeared in the Mount Shasta Herald last week that input on the maps is being sought to make them more legible and accurate.
"Please submit your site-specific input. I also want to share our frustration with the MVUM and it is truly our desire to make this a useable tool," Napper said.
She invited ideas, concerns and solutions to be submitted at the Forest Services offices in Mount Shasta or McCloud and invited people to submit their concerns via the website www.fs.usda.gov/stnf/
Scroll down to the Travel Analysis Process Collaboration Request button to provide input.


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Symantec™ is far and away the most trusted name in the web security industry. More consumers recognize that yellow Norton Secured checkmark than any other trust symbol on the internet. That's why you can't go wrong aligning your brand with the world's security leader. Consumers can't help but feel a sense of safety – and by extension a sense of gratitude towards you for investing in the safety – when they see that Symantec™ site seal.
In the past, however, companies that had large, diverse web holdings – numerous domains and accompanying sub-domains – the ability to secure every site with Symantec™ could be cost prohibitive. Fortunately, the Symantec™ Secure Site Multi-Domain Wildcard alleviates some of that financial burden – along with some administrative burdens – by allowing you to encrypt up to 250 different domains and an unlimited number of sub-domains with just a single security solution.
This is encryption that scales to your company or organization's needs. Whether you've got just a couple of sites, a mail server and an internal network, or if you're an enterprise-level corporation with dozens of branded sites and sub-domains-Symantec™'s Secure Site Multi-Domain Wildcard can offer you both the encryption you need and the business authentication that will help set you apart from your competitors.
Keep in mind that with SSL becoming mandatory in 2017, all sites will soon display the same visual indicators. That will make it harder and harder to stand out, not to mention to help assure your customers that they're actually on the right website and not about to get phished by a faked domain.
This means that the Norton Secured seal will be more important than ever, and business authentication – like the type offered by this OV SSL Certificate – is now an absolute must. When discerning customers click on the padlock icon or your site seal, they need to see verified business information to have the confidence to keep doing business with you.
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That's value. That's why you can't go wrong with Symantec™.


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Mourners don purple at beaten student's NY funeral
Hundreds of people filled an upstate New York church for the funeral of a New York college freshman who authorities say was beaten to death by her boyfriend.
Many wore purple Thursday in support of stopping domestic violence and purple ribbons were wrapped around trees outside the church in the central New York town of New Hartford.
The body of 18-year-old Alexandra Kogut was found early Saturday in her dorm room at the State University of New York College at Brockport, near Rochester, after her mother called campus police concerned.
During the eulogy, the Rev. Paul Drobin said that if Kogut were there, she would tell those gathered to care for and love one another.
Twenty-one-year-old Clayton Whittemore, of New Hartford, is charged with killing Kogut. He's pleaded not guilty.


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Court criticies police for failing to arrest skinheads shouting racial abuse
The District Court in the east Bohemian city of Hradec Kralove has criticised the approach taken by police during an incident which took place outside the court on Friday. Following the sentencing of a 22-year-old neo-nazi skinhead for the racially motivated murder of a Romany man, a group of skinheads shouted racial abuse at Romanies leaving the court. The police made no arrests, despite the fact that racial abuse is illegal in the Czech Republic. A spokesperson for the court said the police should have intervened.
Latest News
Independence Day celebrations low-key10/28/2020
Celebrations of Czechoslovak Independence Day are low-key this year due to the ongoing pandemic.
The traditional award-giving ceremony at Prague Castle has been cancelled as has the ceremony at Vitkov Hill at which the country's top officials, war veterans and church dignitaries lay wreaths at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
The country's top officials and political leaders are visiting Vitkov Hill individually to lay wreaths and flowers at the memorial.
Prague Castle will release a list of those who have been awarded high state distinctions on the occasion of the public holiday and President Miloš Zeman will address the nation on national television.
Planned cultural events have had to go online and Czech Television is featuring a series of special programs to mark the 102 anniversary of Czechoslovakia's founding.
Number of newly registered Covid-19 cases hits new high10/28/2020
The number of newly registered Covid-19 cases reached 15,663 on Tuesday, an increase by 400 on last weeks record.
The number of people hospitalized and those in a serious condition continues to grow steeply, as does the death toll.
170,000 people are currently fighting the infection, over 6,000 people are hospitalized with Covid-19, of which close to 900 are in a serious condition. The death toll has reached 2,547.
Night curfew and ban on Sunday sales now in force10/28/2020
Strict new measures aimed at bringing the coronavirus epidemic under control came into force on Wednesday, October 28.
The government has enforced a night curfew between 9pm and 5am, employers have been asked to employ home office wherever possible, food and other stores selling essential goods, which still remain open, have to be closed on Sundays and will have to close their doors by 8pm on weekdays.
People are being encouraged to shop twice a week instead of going out daily and minimize their contacts with others as much as possible.
In an interview for Czech Radio, Foreign Minister Tomáš Petříček said the authorities were running out of possible measures to bring the epidemic under control and did not rule out a complete lockdown if the present measures fail to be effective.
He said that at the present time the government was still divided on a complete lockdown.
Centre-right opposition parties sign alliance memorandum for 2021 elections10/27/2020
The leaders of the Civic Democrats, Christian Democrats and the TOP 09 party met at the statue of former president T.G. Masaryk on Tuesday morning to sign a memorandum on forming an alliance for next year's 2021 elections into the Chamber of Deputies.
A similar coalition is currently being negotiated between the opposition Pirate Party and the Mayors and Independents.
Jan Blatný to become new health minister on Thursday10/27/2020
The Deputy Director of the Faculty Hospital in Brno Jan Blatný, will succeed Roman Prymula as Czech health minister. The official inauguration will take place on Thursday mid-day, President Miloš Zeman's spokesman Jiří Ovčáček announced after Mr. Blatný met with President Miloš Zeman in the latter's Lány residence on Tuesday afternoon.
News site iDnes.cz broke the story on Monday that Mr. Blatný was the proposed replacement for Mr. Prymula, citing a source familiar with the ongoing negotiations. However, Mr. Blatný can only assume office once he is approved by the president.
Jan Blatný is a pediatrician and hematologist. He has previously served as the Chief Physician at the Faculty Hospital in Brno and lectures at the Medical Faculty of the Masaryk University in Brno. He faced controversy during the spring first wave of the coronavirus pandemic from the NGO League of Human Rights, because he did not allow the parents of coronavirus infected children visits.
The current health minister, Roman Prymula, is set to leave office after being dismissed by Prime Minister Andrej Babiš for breaking the government's coronavirus measures. He was caught visiting a Prague restaurant last Wednesday.
Wednesday is set to be cloudy, with temperatures around 11 degrees Celsius. No rainfall is expected.
State of pandemic means Czech schools have to remain closed, says health minister10/27/2020
Czech schools will not reopen at the beginning of next week, Health Minister Roman Prymula announced on Tuesday. This despite an earlier promise that primary schools would definitely re-open from November 2. He said that the government will decide on when it plans to reopen schools after reviewing data towards the end of this week.
Both the opposition and the current Minister of Education Robert Plaga have cticisised the delay, saying that it is necessary to provide information on when schools will reopen now.
Czech schools, including primary education facilities, have been closed in the Czech Republic since October 14, due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic, which is regularly reaching new height in terms of infections and numbers of hospitalised. Classes are currently being taught via distance learning.
Government proposes extending state of emergency to December 310/27/2020
The Czech government has proposed that the current state of emergency be extended until December 3, Prime Minister Andrej Babiš announced on Tuesday. The proposal will have to be approved by the Chamber of Deputies, which is set to discuss the issue on Friday morning.
The prime minister said that the extension was necessary to keep the several emergency measures, that have been put in place to curb the spread of COVID-19, in place.
The Czech Republic has been in a state of emergency since October 5. It is currently among the most affected countries in Europe by the pandemic.
Care home residents to receive fast coronavirus tests, says labour minister10/27/2020
Czech social services have successfully tested the use of antigenic COVID-19 tests (sometimes also referred to as fast coronavirus tests), Labour and Social Affairs Minister Jana Maláčová announced on Tuesday. The tests are to be used for wide-range testing of senior citizens in social facilities, such as pensioner homes.
Antigenic tests take around 15 minutes to provide a result. However, they are also less reliable than standard testing. According to Minister of Health Roman Prymula, the tests will be used in social facilities such as pensioner homes, because they will be able to indicate the level of spread faster than normal PCR testing. The second, more reliable wave of tests would then follow.
Hundreds of police to be deployed during October 28 protests against coronavirus measures10/27/2020
Hundreds of police officers are set to be deployed to monitor demonstrations in the centre of Prague, planned on the occasion of the creation of the independent Czechoslovak state on October 28. Protests and associated events are planned on the Náměstí Republiky square, on Old Town Square and in the area of Klárov. Their primary goal is to protest against the ongoing government measures that restrict movement and have closed most shops and restaurants to curb the spread of COVID-19.
A previous protest against coronavirus measures, which took place less than two weeks ago, ended in a violent clash between protestors and the police. However, Prague Municipal Police spokesman Jan Daněk has said that the local police force does not expect this to happen on Wednesday.


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TWO suspects arrested in the gang rape of a 51-year-old Danish tourist in New Delhi are unemployed young men who allegedly attacked the woman for nearly three hours before fleeing with her belongings, police said Thursday.
The two were picked up from a park near the scene of the crime, police spokesman Rajan Bhagat said. Investigators were closing in other suspects after the two provided details during questioning, he said.
Police said the tourist was raped at knifepoint on Tuesday near Connaught Place, a popular shopping area in the heart of New Delhi. The woman got lost and approached a group of men for directions back to her hotel. But instead of helping her, the men lured her to a secluded spot and raped her repeatedly, according to police.
One of the suspects was found with the victim's glasses case and 1,000 rupees ($16) in cash, a police statement said. The other suspect had an iPod and a pair of earphones. He also had a mobile phone that police said was purchased with money stolen from the victim.
The problem of sexual violence in India has gained widespread attention since the horrific gang rape and murder of a 23-year-old woman on a moving bus in December 2012. Public fury over the case has led to more stringent laws that doubled prison terms for rape to 20 years and criminalised voyeurism and stalking.
But for many women, daily indignities and abuse continue unabated and the new laws have not made the streets any safer.
Still, there has been a surge in the number of rapes being reported recently, suggesting women are emboldened to speak up. Between January and October last year, 1,330 rapes were reported in Delhi and its suburbs, compared with 706 for all of 2012, according to government figures.
Foreigners also have been targets, including a Swiss woman who was cycling with her husband in central India when she was gang-raped.
The cases threaten India's lucrative tourism industry. Last year, the Tourism Ministry launched an "I Respect Women'' campaign to reassure travelers. Tourism accounted for 6.6 percent of India's GDP in 2012, the latest year for which figures are available.


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Gorgia Sanchez, February 01st , 2019.
While thinking about accomplices to spruce up your wedding hairdo, there are many determination of things running from little to substantial that fit diverse haircuts including stream downs and updos. There are a wide choice of globules and little gems which make little yet recognizable changes. There are additionally an assortment of barrettes that come appended with gems or framed in wonderful examples. There are bun wraps and tiaras in an assortment of delightful plans produced using everything from glass to pearls to even precious stones. As should be obvious there is a significant choice.
Be that as it may, before settling on what sort of hairdo you need to go in for you should pre-think about a couple of things. The principal thing, while at the same time picking a hairdo that you should investigate is the specific haircut ought to be perfect with the sort of life you lead. On the off chance that it includes a great deal of open air exercises as in games, its better you wear your hair short as you will wash up pretty frequently and it is much simpler to oversee shorter hair than to think about longer hair.
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James Clapper, the director of national intelligence (DNI), is not your sleek, button-down spy chief. The 72-year-old retired Air Force general has a beatnik goatee, a tendency to speak in malapropisms and a cranky attitude that he sometimes sums up with the phrase "I'm too old for this [expletive]!"
The structure of Clapper's position overseeing the nation's 16 intelligence agencies has itself been a kind of bureaucratic nightmare. The post was created in 2004 to reduce the turf wars within the intelligence community that had prevented "connecting the dots" before Sept. 11, 2001. But although the legislation promised to empower a real intelligence chief, it kept key budget and management powers within the Pentagon — with the result that the DNI initially added more layering and second-guessing than efficiency.
The log-rolling and infighting that produced the unwieldy DNI structure is explained in a fascinating new book, "Blinking Red," by Michael Allen, former staff director of the House intelligence committee and now with Beacon Global Strategies. He quotes former CIA director George Tenet describing the law as "a mad rush to rearrange wiring diagrams in an attempt to be seen as doing something." Bob Gates, the White House's first choice for DNI, refused because he thought it was "doomed to fail." Clapper himself warned that a "feckless" DNI would make things worse.
But there are welcome signs that this jury-rigged structure may finally be starting to work as the DNI responds to budget pressures and the scandals surrounding National Security Agency's surveillance programs. Clapper has recently taken steps that forced the National Security Agency (NSA) to accept greater transparency and stopped the military agencies from wasteful spending on duplicative satellite imagery.
Clapper is using management powers that were muddled under the confusing 2004 law. Rather than look over the shoulders of his 16 client agencies, as previous DNIs tended to do, Clapper has instead pushed more collaboration — something that's easy to talk about but hard to do in an intelligence culture that rewards protection of secrets. The intelligence community is still way too big and turf-conscious, and it combines the worst features of bureaucracy and secrecy. But at least someone is trying to manage this secret empire.
One example is Clapper's pressure on the NSA to disclose more about its surveillance programs. The NSA initially wanted to "redact" (a fancy word for censor) far more of a 2011 ruling by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court that the agency had engaged in illegally broad surveillance. Clapper thought NSA lawyers were suppressing too much, so he instructed his general counsel, Robert Litt, to go back through the document and make public more information. Clapper ignored NSA and Justice Department protests, including to the White House, and backed Litt's less-redacted version.
Another example involved the intelligence community's purchase of commercial overhead imagery. The United States was paying two companies, GeoEye and Digital Globe, for duplicative coverage. Clapper backed a Pentagon effort to end the GeoEye contract, saving the government millions. Clapper has also tried to streamline the wildly expensive classified spy-satellite programs, trying (not always successfully) to avoid attempting too much with each satellite.
Clapper also used his budget authority to reduce the impact of sequestration. He refused to furlough most people involved in the so-called national intelligence program, and (unsuccessfully) pushed the Pentagon not to furlough its employees involved in the military intelligence program.
The White House has generally deferred to Clapper, letting him broker deals within the intelligence community rather than try to impose its own management. On redaction of NSA documents, for example, the White House left most decisions with Clapper.
Rep. Mike Rogers, the Michigan Republican who chairs the House intelligence committee, says he thinks the DNI structure under Clapper is "vastly improved" from where it was a few years ago, including "much better" fusion of intelligence in the president's daily brief.
Rogers said he also supports Clapper's efforts to disclose more information about NSA programs where that's possible without damaging security. "We've got to have some confidence-builders and show the public that these programs are as transparent as they can get while still being effective."
Back when the DNI legislation was being drafted, Clapper argued at a 2004 lunch with Donald Rumsfeld, then secretary of defense, that the country needed a strong position that would be the equivalent of secretary of intelligence. Allen writes that Rumsfeld "slammed his fork into his plate" and said it would be a "terrible idea." By seeking consensus rather than issuing directives, Clapper is beginning to figure out a way to make the fuzzy DNI structure work after all.
Read more from David Ignatius's archive, follow him on Twitter or subscribe to his updates on Facebook.
Read more about this issue:
Britt Sninder and Charles Battaglia: The NSA needs an independent inspector general
The Post's View: NSA and other agencies should be more transparent
The Post's View: Restoring faith in the intelligence agencies
David Ignatius: Fewer secrets doesn't mean less security


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After years of hearing me talk about my weekly Chinese order, I have bad news for you.
I'm over Chinese.
It's a sad moment because I have been obsessed with our local place's cashew chicken since my husband's last deployment.
I keep trying to talk myself back into loving it and actually went to my other Chinese food love, Panda Express (and took a work call while in the drive-thru because I keep things classy) the other day and it was just so blah.
And now I've convinced myself that if I just go to PF Changs, I'll be back in love with Chinese food and my life will return to normal.
(Normal = being able to acquire bad-for-you food without leaving your house)
I don't know what's wrong with me.
This Slow Cooker Cashew Chicken is less like the veggie-filled cashew chicken I love and more like the sweet and sour chicken that my kids love. All three of my boys loved it and argued over leftovers the next day.
It's a really simple recipe and odds are, you have most of the ingredients on hand. If you are a sweet and sour person when it comes to Chinese food, you'll probably dig it!
Two years ago: Orange Beef and Broccoli
Three years ago: Baked Seasoned Potato Wedges
Five years ago: Baked Brie
- 1 pound boneless skinless chicken breasts, cut into bite-size chunks
- 1/4 cup all purpose flour
- 1/2 tsp black pepper
- 1 tablespoon canola oil
- 1/2 cup soy sauce
- 2 tablespoons rice wine vinegar
- 4 tablespoons ketchup
- 2 tablespoon brown sugar
- 2 garlic cloves minced
- 1/2 teaspoon grated fresh ginger
- 1/4 teaspoon red pepper flakes
- 1/2 cup cashews
Combine flour and pepper in large Ziploc bag. Add chicken. Shake to coat with flour mixture.
Heat oil in skillet over medium-high heat. Brown chicken about 2 minutes on each side.
Place chicken in slow cooker.
Combine soy sauce, vinegar, ketchup, sugar, garlic, ginger, and pepper flakes in small bowl; pour over chicken.
Cook on low 4 - 5 hours. Add cashews and stir. Serve over rice.


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In an economic environment in which many investors have opted out of the market, "structured" investments that promise investors upside but guarantee against losses have gained in appeal, and sales of the products have skyrocketed since 2007.
But a new consumer alert from the FDIC on market-linked CDs, one of the most popular structured products, counsels investors not to let the possibility of higher returns obscure their view of the risks.
Government consumer alerts are a genre unto themselves in that it is hard not to come away from them without thinking the product described is a very bad thing indeed, sold by Snidely Whiplash after he has tied his own mother to the train tracks. But it is a useful service nevertheless, helping investors know what risks to look out for.
Market-linked CDs, also known as indexed, structured or equity-linked CDs, are certificates of deposit that are tied to a variety of indexes, including the S&P 500, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, bond indexes, global indexes, currencies and other risk assets. Barclays Capital and DWS Investments are among a number of product providers active in this market.
The FDIC suggests a number of factors investors should consider before entering a contract to purchase these products, starting with the most basic: Is the principal really guaranteed against loss? While consumers associate CDs with FDIC protection, and these bank products are generally guaranteed, the absence of such a guarantee means the FDIC will not protect an investor in the event of a bank failure.
The CD's maturity is another key factor. CD investors are used to short maturities of 3 months to 5 years, but market-linked CDs can be 10- or 20-year affairs. Yet these products are often marketed, aggressively, to seniors with shorter time horizons.
CD investors are also accustomed to early withdrawal penalties, but should be on guard for provisions that disallow any early withdrawal. While the contracts may allow exceptions for heirs in the event of the depositor's death, consumers—seniors particularly—should pay attention to those details in the contract's fine print. Sales on a secondary market may provide another exit possibility, but the FDIC warns consumers to consider that such a sale may be at a loss (if current rates are higher than the depositor's rates). The broker's sale might also incur a commission.
Another important reason to read the fine print is the necessity of understanding the formula a market-linked CD uses to determine an investor's upside. Just as these products have downside guarantees, so too do they have upside ceilings.
The FDIC alert quotes its Consumer Affairs Specialist Meron Wondwosen saying, "You may find that your share of any uptick in an index will be limited to a certain percentage and subject to a maximum cap. For example, it's possible for the market index to increase by 25% but your actual return on the CD may be only 10%."
Another concern with market-linked CDs is "phantom income" in situations where investors get a tax bill each year on interest earned, even where the interest is not accrued until the CD matures. Surprisingly, the consumer alert, chock full of warnings, does not emphasize that though these products are equity-linked, they are definitely treated, unfavorably, as fixed-income products for tax purposes (rather than incurring the lower capital gains tax rate on stocks).
But here's where the FDIC alert gets scary. The phantom income problem may be as nothing, literally, since some of these products pay no interest at all, though that is generally expected of CDs. But even that is a trivial concern if your bank fails and the CD accrues interest only upon maturity. In that case, the FDIC will cover the principal amount, but not pay the interest, since it never accrued.
Perhaps the biggest red flag investors must be mindful of is that market-linked CDs often have "call" features, allowing the bank (but not the depositor) to close the contract with no penalty, paying back principal and any accrued interest.
"The bank is most likely to exercise this option when interest rates fall, which means a callable CD would limit your ability to lock in an attractive interest rate for a long time," the FDIC warns.


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Josephine M. Bliek 1927-2013
Funeral service for Josephine M. Bliek of Emmetsburg was held Wednesday, April 17, at St. Paul Lutheran Church in Emmetsburg. The Rev. Nicholas Thackery officiated.
Interment was in Evergreen Cemetery, Emmetsburg. The Martin-Mattice Funeral Home in Emmetsburg was in charge of arrangements.
Josephine Myrene Bliek, daughter of Richard and Pauline (Gronbach) Kinnetz, was born Oct. 2, 1927 in Emmetsburg. She received her education in Emmetsburg, graduating from Emmetsburg High School in 1947. Following graduation Jo attended Sioux City Beauty School. Jo owned and operated her own beauty shop for 45 years.
On July 14, 1969 Jo was united in marriage to Spence Bliek in Sioux Falls, SD. Jo and Spence developed and ran Putter's Paradise, an indoor miniature golf course and did upholstery work for 25 years.
Jo was a devoted member of St. Paul Lutheran Church in Emmetsburg where she was active in circle, serving as chairman of her group for 11 years. Jo also taught Sunday School for many years and was a member of the Evangelism Committee. She was a member of the National Hairdressers Affiliation, the V.F.W. Auxiliary in Emmetsburg and the American Legion Auxiliary in Graettinger, serving as officer for the 10th District.
Josephine passed away Sunday, April 14, 2013 at the Palo Alto County Hospital, at the age of 85. She was preceded in death by her parents; her husband, Spence; brother, Ernest Kinnetz; sisters, Freda Harrington, Meta Bahr, Florence Lehner, Alma Wheeler, Fame Juhl and Irene Wedebrand; and a half brother, Benny Kinnetz.
She is survived by her half sisters, Barb Graff of Austin, MN, Billi Fett of Mesa, AZ, Elaine Swanson of Ayrshire, Linda Laws of Emmetsburg and Mary Douglas of Fort Dodge; step children, Marcia Dirks of Gillet Grove, Judy (Hal) Reimersma of Sioux City, Darlene (Ron) Jones of Grandbury, TX, Ronald Bliek of Cherokee, Marilyn (John) Mennesses of Webster City, Karen (Randy) Smith of Linden, and Betty Jo (Harvey) Spooner of Odebolt; several step grandchildren and great grandchildren; several nieces and nephews; as well as many other relatives and friends.
Condolences can be left at www.martinmatticefuneralhome.com


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The best way to find a vehicle you want to keep is to try one out yourself. Thus, we invite you to visit us at our Goshen dealership after you spot a potential vehicle that you want to take home with you. For answers to more questions beforehand, please contact us online at any time or by calling (574) 830-8276 during our regular business hours.


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WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) — Hiring is up. Car sales are strong. U.S. manufacturers are growing faster. The economy seems to have emerged from a winter slumber on an upbeat path.
All is still not well, however. Americans spend less than they used to, a big hitch for an economy that relies heavily on consumers to generate growth. And the slower pace of consumer spending can be traced to a prolonged period during which businesses have invested below their historical norm.
Wall Street will get another look this week at whether the trends in consumer spending and business investment took a turn for the better in May. But don't expect a huge improvement, according to economists polled by MarketWatch. An update on new homes sales is also on the docket and the government is likely to report that the economy shrank even more sharply in the first quarter than previously estimated.
Put it all together and a picture becomes visible of an improving economy that still has hurdles to leap before a five-year-old recovery can be considered in good shape.
Housing holdup
The week kicks off with a pair of reports on housing — sales of previously owned homes on Monday and sales of new homes on Tuesday. Wall Street is only expecting small increases in both categories. Sales have softened since late last year because of a sharp increase in home prices and higher mortgage rates.
Another reason: It's not as easy for prospective buyers get a home loan. Financial companies don't want to make the same mistake they made before the recession by accepting customers who pose any credit risk, especially with government regulators breathing down their necks.
"I think banks at this point are reluctant to lend to borrowers with lower [credit] scores," Federal Reserve Chairwoman Janet Yellen acknowledged in a press conference last week. "It is difficult for any homeowner who doesn't have pristine credit these days to get a mortgage. I think that is one of the factors that is causing the housing recovery to be slow."
The third and final revision to first-quarter gross domestic product probably won't bring any cheer, either. The government is expected to report that U.S. growth contracted by 2% instead of 1% as previously reported, according to the MarketWatch poll. That would be the biggest decline since the tail end of the 2007-2009 recession. Fed's Yellen: More kitten than lion.
Why such a large downward change? The government appears to have sharply overestimated how much consumers spent on health care in the first three months of the year, which coincided with the new law known as Obamacare. Less spending subtracts from the official GDP tally.
Yet with the economy speeding up again, the revised first-quarter number will largely be ignored. Most economists and top Fed officials are convinced the contraction stemmed mainly from an unusually harsh winter. Only another slowdown would make them reconsider.
Ready to spend?
The case for faster U.S. growth in the second quarter of 2014 and beyond rests on the hope that businesses and consumers will spend more.
So far this year, companies haven't exactly followed the script. Business investment as measured by a category known as core capital goods fell in April and it's only rising at a modest 3.5% rate over the past three months.
Orders for durable goods in May, released Wednesday, is unlikely to show a marked shift in business investment. "There is a modest upward trend, but it's very small," said Yelena Shulyatyeva, an economist at BNP Paribas. "Business need to see more evidence that growth is picking up."
Ditto for consumers. They did more shopping in the early spring and spending is likely to rise in May, but spending is running at just two-thirds the typical rate this far into an economic recovery.
Part of what's holding them back is a meager increase in wages. Take-home pay isn't rising very much even though more companies are hiring and job opening are at a postrecession high. After inflation is taken into account, wages are basically flat over the past year.
What Yellen and the Fed are counting on is the upturn in hiring to drive down unemployment, reduce the size of the U.S. labor pool and force companies to raise wages faster than the rate of inflation. Voila, a more buoyant economy.
Yet while Fed officials expect unemployment to fall even faster than they predicted just a few months ago, they haven't changed their growth forecasts for the next two years. The latest central bank projection calls for the economy to grow 3% to 3.2% in 2015, for instance, the same as the Fed's estimate at the end of the first quarter.
More from MarketWatch
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One-car crash in eastern Pa. kills 2, injures 2
CATASAUQUA, Pa. (AP) -- Police in eastern Pennsylvania say a one-car crash in Lehigh County has killed two people and injured two others.
Catasauqua Police Chief Douglas Kish said a car was heading west on a borough street when the driver lost control and hit a utility pole in an intersection.
He said an 18-year-old man and 18-year-old woman were both pronounced dead at the scene of the 6:15 a.m. Saturday crash.
Two other passengers were taken to St. Luke's Hospital in Bethlehem, where their condition was not immediately known.
Kish said speed and alcohol may have been factors in the accident.
The names of the victims were not immediately released pending notification of their families.


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Frequent Links
Kegel exercise
Pelvic floor exercise, also known as Kegel exercise (/ˈkeɪɡəl/), consists of repeatedly contracting and relaxing the muscles that form part of the pelvic floor, now sometimes colloquially referred to as the "Kegel muscles". Several tools exist to help with these exercises, although various studies debate the relative effectiveness of different tools versus traditional exercises.[1][2] Exercises are usually done to reduce urinary incontinence,[3] reduce urinary incontinence after childbirth,[4] and reduce premature ejaculatory occurrences in men,[5] as well as to increase the size and intensity of erections.[6] They were first described in 1948 by Arnold Kegel.
Health effects for women
Factors such as pregnancy, childbirth, aging, being overweight, and abdominal surgery such as cesarean section, often result in the weakening of the pelvic muscles. This can be assessed by either digital examination of vaginal pressure or using a Kegel perineometer. Kegel exercises are useful in regaining pelvic floor muscle strength in such cases.
Urinary incontinence
Pelvic floor exercises are recommended for women with urinary incontinence of the stress, urge, or mixed types.[7] There is tentative evidence that biofeedback may give added benefit when used with pelvic floor muscle training.[8]
Pelvic prolapse
There is some evidence showing a positive effect of pelvic floor exercises on the symptoms of prolapse and its severity.[9]
Sexual function
In 1952, Dr. Kegel published a report in which he claimed that the women doing his exercises were orgasming more easily, more frequently and more intensely: "it has been found that dysfunction of the pubococcygeus exists in many women complaining of lack of vaginal feeling during coitus and that in these cases sexual appreciation can be increased by restoring function of the pubococcygeus."[10] There is controversy over the precise effects of the PC muscle on orgasmic response.
Health effects for men
Though most commonly used by women, men can also use Kegel exercises. Kegel exercises are employed to strengthen the pubococcygeal muscle and other muscles of the pelvic diaphragm. Kegels can help men achieve stronger erections, maintain healthy hips, and gain greater control over ejaculation.[6] The objective of this may be similar to that of the exercise in women with weakened pelvic floor: to increase bladder and bowel control and sexual function.
Urinary incontinence
After a prostatectomy there is no clear evidence that teaching pelvic floor exercises alters the risk of urinary incontinence (leakage of urine).[11]
Sexual function
A paper found that pelvic floor exercises could help restore erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction.[12] There are said to be significant benefits for the problem of premature ejaculation from having more muscular control of the pelvis.[13]
Mechanism of action
The aim of Kegel exercises is to improve muscle tone by strengthening the pubococcygeus muscles of the pelvic floor. Kegel is a popular prescribed exercise for pregnant women to prepare the pelvic floor for physiological stresses of the later stages of pregnancy and childbirth. Kegel exercises are said to be good for treating vaginal prolapse[14] and preventing uterine prolapse[15] in women and for treating prostate pain and swelling resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis in men. Kegel exercises may be beneficial in treating urinary incontinence in both men and women.[3] Kegel exercises may also increase sexual gratification, allowing women to complete pompoir and aid in reducing premature ejaculation[5] in men. The many actions performed by Kegel muscles include holding in urine and avoiding defecation. Reproducing this type of muscle action can strengthen the Kegel muscles. The action of slowing or stopping the flow of urine may be used as a test of correct pelvic floor exercise technique.[16]
It is now known that the components of levator ani (the pelvic diaphragm), namely pubococcygeus, puborectalis and ileococcygeus, contract and relax as one muscle. Hence, pelvic floor exercises involve the entire levator ani rather than pubococcygeus alone. Pelvic floor exercises may be of benefit in cases of fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse conditions e.g. rectal prolapse.[17]
Pelvic toning devices
A pelvic toning device (generically referred to as a Kegel exerciser,[18] pelvic floor toner, pelvic floor muscle toner or pelvic toner) is a medical or pseudo-medical device designed to help women exercise their pelvic floor muscle and improve the muscle tone of the pubococcygeal or vaginal muscle.
The original pelvic toning device was the perineometer, invented by Arnold Kegel to facilitate the measurement of the strength of the pubococcygeus muscle when it was resting and being actively squeezed - sometimes referred to as the Kegel tone.
His device was a combination of rubber balloons and tubes that measured pressure using a column of water. It was neither easy to use nor portable.
During the latter part of the 20th century, a number of medical and pseudo-medical devices were developed and launched on to the market. Some of these are used in a clinical setting, but most are designed for women to use in the privacy of their own home.
Pelvic toning devices fall into a number of different types:
- barbells, vaginal weights or cones designed to be held in the vagina. The action of passively/actively retaining the device internally is supposed to improve muscle tone. Barbells are made of smooth, polished solid stainless steel, cylindrical in shape, with a rounded bulge at each end. They typically weigh one pound (454 g) and measure approximately Script error: No such module "convert". in length with a diameter of one inch (2.5 cm) at the widest part. Being made of stainless steel, vaginal barbells are nonporous and can be wiped clean with a cloth moistened with mild soap and water.
- electro-stimulation or TENS devices that administer an electrical current through an internal probe. The current stimulates the adjacent muscles to twitch.
- rubber resistance balls and indicators. These devices provide a nominal resistance to squeeze against. An advantage of rubber bulb devices is that they provide visual feedback (via a gauge) of how much pressure is being applied.
- progressive resistance vaginal exercisers with springs are the only devices that meet all of Kegel's criteria. They provide a biofeedback that the correct muscles are being engaged and are capable of fulfilling the fundamentals of an exercise regimen by applying a variable and increasing resistive force to maximize the exercise effort.
Regular Kegel exercises should achieve tangible results (such as less frequent urine leakage) within about 8 to 12 weeks. For some women, the improvement could be dramatic.[19] Unfortunately, there are a number of products on the market that have no impact at all on the pubococcygeus muscle. If the PC muscle is not engaged then it is impossible to improve the muscle tone or strengthen the muscle. Devices that are used externally, for example between the thighs, may exercise the adductor muscle but do nothing for the pelvic floor.
Clinical research published in the British Medical Journal [1] compared pelvic floor exercises, vaginal weights and electro-stimulation in a randomised trial. The research recommended that pelvic floor exercise should be the first choice of treatment for genuine stress incontinence because simple exercises proved to be far more effective than electro-stimulation or vaginal cones.
This situation was confirmed in a comprehensive review of the treatment of stress incontinence published in the British Journal of Urology International in 2010.[2] The report author noted that electrical stimulation devices and weighted vaginal cones are not recommended by the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) and "are not universally advocated by clinicians as they have yet to produce sufficient evidence of efficacy".
Clinical trials[2] of a progressive resistance vaginal exerciser concluded that the device was as effective as supervised pelvic floor muscle training, the gold standard treatment of the UK NHS where patients are referred to a specialist continence advisor for one on one training over a three-month period. The report also noted that the device can help overcome the fundamental weaknesses associated with pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME), i.e. poor training, lack of patient confidence and poor compliance with the exercise recommendations.
Key points noted by the research are that:
- the device gives "confidence to women that they were correctly contracting their pelvic floor, and this may be helpful encouragement when a woman is starting out on a regimen of PFME".
- the biofeedback given by the device "may be particularly helpful to demonstrate to the woman that she is carrying out the PFME appropriately".
- the device is particularly relevant to those women "who do not consult their physician and wish to maintain confidentiality regarding their SUI symptom".
A progressive resistance vaginal exerciser is the only form of pelvic toning device available on prescription in the UK to women presenting with symptoms of urinary stress incontinence or pelvic floor weakness.
See also
- Ben Wa balls
- Hypopressive exercise
- Taoist sexual practices
- Vacuum exercise
- Vaginal cone
- Vaginal weightlifting
- ^ a b "Single blind, randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor exercises, electrical stimulation, vaginal cones and no treatment in management of genuine stress incontinence in women - Bø et al. 318 (7182): 487". bmj.com. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ a b c "A randomised controlled trial of the PelvicToner Device in female stress urinary incontinence". BJUI.org. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ a b "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Kegel exercises". Nlm.nih.gov. 2011-08-29. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ Dumoulin C, Lemieux MC, Bourbonnais D et al 2004 Physiotherapy for persistent postnatal stress urinary incontinence: a randomised controlled trial. Obstetrics and Gynaecology 104:504-510
- ^ a b La Pera, G; Nicastro, A (1996). "A new treatment for premature ejaculation: the rehabilitation of the pelvic floor". Journal of sex & marital therapy 22 (1): 22–6. PMID 8699493. doi:10.1080/00926239608405302.
- ^ a b Alan P. Brauer; Donna J. Brauer (2001). ESO: How You and Your Lover Can Give Each Other Hours of Extended Sexual Orgasm (Revised ed.). Warner Books. p. 59. ISBN 0-446-67762-0. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
Learning to tighten, to relax, and to push out the PC muscle allows a man to control his sexual system the way he controls a car. Tightening is the accelerator, increasing arousal. Pushing out is the brake—it can help stop ejaculation.
- ^ Dumoulin C, Hay-Smith J (2010). "Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (1): CD005654. PMID 20091581. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005654.pub2.
- ^ Herderschee, R; Hay-Smith, EJ; Herbison, GP; Roovers, JP; Heineman, MJ (Jul 6, 2011). "Feedback or biofeedback to augment pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (7): CD009252. PMID 21735442. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009252.
- ^ Hagen S, Stark D (2011). "Conservative prevention and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women". Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12 (12): CD003882. PMID 22161382. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003882.pub4.
- ^ "Do the Kegel - Dr Arnold Kegel". Archived from the original on 26 October 2010. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
- ^ Campbell SE, Glazener CM, Hunter KF, Cody JD, Moore KN (2012). "Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence". Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1: CD001843. PMID 22258946. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001843.pub4.
- ^ Dorey, Grace; Speakman, Mark J.; Feneley, Roger C.L.; Swinkels, Annette; Dunn, Christopher D.R. (2005). "Pelvic floor exercises for erectile dysfunction". BJU International 96 (4): 595–7. PMID 16104916. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2005.05690.x.
- ^ "Management of premature Ejaculation, Baum and Spiedler, Medical concepts of human sexuality 2001" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ September 2, 2011 (2011-02-09). "Vaginal Prolapse". eMedicineHealth. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Uterine prolapse". Nlm.nih.gov. 2011-08-29. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ Kenway M. and Goh J. (2009) Inside Out - The essential women's guide to pelvic support
- ^ Bø, K (2006). "Can pelvic floor muscle training prevent and treat pelvic organ prolapse?". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85 (3): 263–8. PMID 16553172. doi:10.1080/00016340500486800.
- ^ http://kegelmaster.com.au/why-the-kegelmaster-was-invented/
- ^ "Kegel exercises: A how-to guide for women". Mayo Clinic. July 10, 2010. Retrieved July 4, 2012.


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These basic rules serve as a guideline for participation in role playing stories and games here on Quarrels and Quills. These are general rules that deal more with the sense of teamwork we have on the site. A specific campaign or story might have additional rules or limitations.
Please note that we are here to have fun, and everything written here is in the spirit of cooperation, friendship and fun. If you have any questions about these rules, please feel free to ask in the [gotopost=1493:3qh6p9cu]Question and Answer[/gotopost:3qh6p9cu] thread.


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Seller Protection for Merchants.
We know selling online securely is a challenge for merchants. Our Seller Protection Policy will protect your online sales, minimize claims and chargebacks and help prevent merchant fraud. Go ahead, set up shop. We've got your back.Set up PayPal merchant account
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Secure Technology
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Buy or sell around the globe. We process and convert 25 currencies from 202 countries to make sending, spending, and selling simple and secure.
Seller Protection
We understand how important security and peace of mind are in online business, so we created a Seller Protection program to help guard you from losing money to claims and chargebacks. Seller Protection covers two particular types of buyer complaints:
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A buyer pays for an item, but claims he or she didn't receive it.
These complaints can affect your merchant PayPal balance. But with Seller Protection, if the transaction meets our requirements, we'll help keep your balance intact. There's no charge for this service; we want your transactions to be secure. With Seller Protection, you can carry on with your business knowing that we have your back.Read seller protection requirements
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What isn't covered by Seller Protection?
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Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity is pleased to present a special reception honoring Alpha Phi Alpha member, Congressman Charles B. Rangel (D-NY-13), during the Congressional Black Caucus Foundation's 44th Annual Legislative Conference on Friday, September 16, 2016. The fraternity's reception, which is being co-sponsored by Kappa Xi Lambda chapter, will take place in the Cannon Caucus Room at the Cannon House Office Building (27 Independence Ave SE, Washington, DC 20003) from 4 pm until 6:30 pm EST.
Brother Charles B. Rangel [Alpha Gamma Lambda '64] has served in the United States House of Representatives serving the communities of Harlem and Upper Manhattan since 1971. He is the dean of the New York Congressional Delegation and is a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus and the first African-American to chair the House Ways and Means Committee. His dedication and commitment to his country and community are reflected in his service in the U.S. Army during the Korean War and as an assistant U.S. attorney. Brother Rangel is a much-loved husband, father, and community servant. It is because of brothers like him that Alpha is, in fact, the College of Friendship, the University of Brotherly Love and the School for the Better Making of Men.
If you are planning to be in Washington, DC, for the CBCF ALC, we would love to have brothers join us in saluting Brother Rangel. Due to the limited space for this function, we recommend you plan for an early arrival and RSVP using the link below.


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BEIJING, China - The Chinese economy is slowing faster than expected, new data released on Wednesday revealed.
Industrial output for July, according to the National Bureau of Statistics was expected to decline from 6.3% last year to 5.8%. However the figure came in at 4.8%, substantially below expectations.
"China's economy needs more stimulus because the headwinds are pretty strong and today's data is much weaker than consensus," Larry Hu, head of Greater China economics at Macquarie Group in Hong Kong told the Reuters Thomson news agency on Wednesday.
"The economy is going to continue to slow down. At a certain point, policymakers will have to step up stimulus to support infrastructure and property. I think it could happen by the end of this year."
Exacerbating China's problems is the trade war with the United States, and a new round of tariffs to be applied from 1 September on around $150 billion worth of Chinese goods. The tariffs were originally to be imposed on $300 billion worth of goods, however U.S. President Donald Trump did an about-turn on this on Tuesday.
On Monday China re-set the yuan at a lower level drawing criticism from the U.S. which recently designated the country a currency manipulator.
With its economy sliding, which it has done now for a number of years, a corresponding slide in the yuan would be expected.
Stocks in China held their ground on Wednesday despite the disappointing data. In Shanghai, the composite index rose 0.44%, while the Hong Kong Hang Seng gained 0.08%.