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William E Conner. American Scientist. Volume 101, Issue 3. May/Jun 2013.
Animals hunt using sound in two distinct ways. Some listen passively for the noises produced by their prey. If you have ever watched an owl strike a vole moving under a blanket of dry leaves or snow, you have observed the effectiveness of passive listening. In contrast, most bats and some toothed whales (including dolphins) are active listeners. They project sounds into their surroundings and detect telltale echoes, a process called echolocation or biological sonar. The echoes allow them to orient within their environment and also to detect and track prey; in essence they "see" using sound. Echolocation evolved more than 65 million years ago in bats, and more recently in toothed whales. Biological sonar is a marvel of sophistication that continues to inspire engineers who develop its technological counterparts, the radar and sonar systems used by groundbased stations as well as airborne and underwater vehicles. The echolocation of animals and the radar and sonar systems of humans show extraordinary parallels in how signals are produced, transmitted, received and processed. Perhaps most interesting of all, both paths culminate in countermeasures that include stealth technology and signal jamming.
Radar, which originally was an acronym for "radio detection and ranging," uses pulses of radio waves as the signal that is sent out; an antenna detects the reflections of the signal off solid objects. If the object is moving, the reflected signals will be shifted in frequency, allowing detection of the target's velocity. Radio waves are used because they can travel long distances in air, even in the presence of fog or precipitation. Sound waves propagate better underwater, hence the development of sonar ("sound navigation and ranging") for aquatic use. Other than the difference in the signal used, it operates on similar principles to radar.
In his 2007 book Blip, Ping, and Buzz: Making Sense of Radar and Sonar, physicist Mark Denny also was interested in comparing the remote sensing technologies of humans and nonhuman animals. As Denny describes, the history of the development of radar is peppered with such familiar names as Nikola Tesla, the great Serbian- American inventor, and Guglielmo Marconi, the Italian-British engineer who first transmitted a radio signal across the Atlantic. The tale also includes less well-known contributors from around the globe—the many fathers of radar. The development of functional radar systems was driven and accelerated by the approach of World War II. The earliest of these was a series of radar stations called the Chain Home system along the southern and eastern coasts of England. The stations were an early warning system that alerted the British that German bombers were massing in the airspace over France, which allowed the Royal Air Force to meet the incoming waves with Spitfire and Hurricane fighters already at high altitude.
The development of human-designed sonar predates the development of radar by some 30 years, but it too was a technological response to weapons of warfare, specifically the submarines of World War I. The first devices were passive-listening arrays of underwater microphones (or hydrophones) developed for Germán ships such as the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, which could both detect the sounds of approaching torpedoes and target distant ships. The sinking of the Titanic likewise spurred the development of sonar because the technology could also detect icebergs in darkness and fog. The years between the two world wars saw the development of active listening, or true sonar. By the beginning of World War 2 most U.S. and British warships carried antisubmarine sonar.
Researchers studying biological sonar and human-produced devices frequently crossed paths. Sir Hiram Maxim, a prolific American-British inventor of the early 20th century, proposed developing a batlike system to protect oceangoing ships from collisions. Unfortunately, knowledge of bat echolocation was rudimentary at the time, and he failed to produce a functional device. Maxim thought that bats were using lowfrequency signals produced by their flapping wings to orient themselves. George Washington Pierce—who took a leave of absence from the physics department at Harvard University to work in the Anti-Submarine Laboratory of the U.S. Navy at New London, Connecticut—later assisted Harvard zoologist Donald Griffin in determining the true nature of bat echolocation. Pierce developed a microphone based on piezoelectric materials (which produce electricity in response to mechanical stress) that allowed Griffin to be the first to record the ultrasonic cries of bats, which form the basis of their echolocation system.
Signal Production
The processes of radar and sonar, either biological or mechanical, begin with the production of a signal punctuated in pukes. The basic rule of signal production is that the wavelength of the signal is proportional to the size of the structure producing it. Early radar devices had a wavelength of 12 meters (the long wavelength permitted detection of objects at farther distances), which meant that the device that produced it had to be very large. The Chain Home stations consisted of four towers, each 110 meters high and 55 meters apart, with a net of magnetized steel cables strung between them. The cables produced the outgoing signal. The vocal cords of a bat, in contrast, are tiny and produce sound waves that have very short wavelengths (see box for the relationship between frequency, wavelength and the speed of propagation).
A second relationship is also important: The shorter the wavelength, the higher the resolution. Long wavelengths can efficiently detect large objects such as ships at sea, but they are less effective at resolving smaller targets. Indeed, the early radars had difficulty distinguishing the number of incoming planes; they could only warn that some were coming. Bats, with their short-wavelength sonar, can detect items as tiny as the mosquitoes, beetles and moths that make up their diets. Jim Simmons at Brown University has gathered evidence that bats are capable of sensing at a resolution down to the micrometer scale, which would allow them to detect even the texture of the surface of their targets.
A radar device is composed of an array of elements, or transmitters. Together they emit signals in the form of a beam much like the beam of a flashlight. Narrow beams are desirable because they allow the sending device to concentrate its power in one direction and thus detect more distant targets. Narrowly focused beams also allow target direction to be determined with greater accuracy. Radar engineers can control the shape of the beam by manipulating the distance between the transmitting elements of the antenna and the total length of the antenna. Animals can also control beam shape. A recent collaboration between Rolf Müller at Virginia Tech, Zhiwei Zhang of Shandong University in China and Son Nguyen Truong of the Vietnamese Academy of Sciences determined that the exotic nose "leaves" of Bourret's horseshoe bat allow them to produce a highly focused sonar beam, optimizing their ability to detect insect prey.
One could also imagine situations in which it would be useful to control beam shape dynamically. Some flashlights, for example, allow the user to vary the beam shape. Although narrow beam shapes are great for finding distant targets and detecting target direction, wider beams allow the user to scan a larger, but closer, area. Some toothed whales—most notably beluga whales, but also recently discovered in false killer whales—have the ability to focus their echolocation beam shape by adjusting the shape of an oil-filled acoustic lens on their forehead called the melon. Recent research by Lasse Jakobsen, John Ratcliffe and Annemarie Surlykke of the Sound Communication Group at the University of Southern Denmark has shown that bats can also vary their sonar view in adaptive ways. By opening their mouths wide and increasing call frequency, they can produce a narrower beam for probing at a distance; by doing the converse they can produce a broader beam for sampling a broader area.
Other tricks of the trade have been discovered by both engineers and their nonhuman counterparts. For example, there are distinct advantages to producing a signal that sweeps across frequencies. This so-called broadband chirp can increase the range resolution of a system by two orders of magnitude. The distinctive sweep from high to low frequency of a frequency-modulating bat (sometimes called an FM bat) accomplishes this range resolution beautifully. FM bats hunt in complex environments, catching their prey between branches of trees and on top of vegetation or even off the surface of water. Other bats produce a longer, constant frequency signal (and are called CF'bats). The advantage for these bats is that the constant frequency allows the use of Doppler shifls to measure the relative velocity of prey. Like the increase in the frequency of a train whistle as it approaches you, the bat can detect the increase in the frequency of the echo from a moth moving in its direction.
Although we once classified bats into groups based on their FM and CF calls, it has become obvious that bats are better than that. Some species have the best of both worlds. They use narrow-band signals for the detection of prey at a distance and then switch to frequency-modulated (broadband) signals as they move in for the kill, when range resolution becomes more critical for the catch.
Travel Distances
The transmission characteristics of the medium determine whether electromagnetic radiation or sound makes for a better signal. Electromagnetic waves (in radar) travel through air with little attenuation, or signal loss. Sound travels far less well in air and is more subject to the vagaries of the environment such as wind and rain; in addition it's also wavelength (and frequency) dependent. Infrasound (with frequencies of less than 25 cycles per second) travels a relatively long distance in air, and elephants and other large land animals use it for longdistance communication (over ranges of about 2 kilometers). In contrast, the ultrasound used by bats (with frequencies of over 20,000 cycles per second) is quickly absorbed by air molecules, which limits its effective use to just meters.
Underwater, however, sound is king. It can travel great distances and is absorbed at a rate of only about 1 percent per kilometer. Because of this characteristic, whales can likely communicate across the vastness of oceans. Longdistance communication underwater is facilitated by the presence of naturally occurring sound transmission channels at different depths: As one goes deeper, the speed of sound is affected by changes in temperature, salinity and pressure. Gradients in the speed of sound bend the sound waves, focusing them at specific depths, effectively creating channels. In the ocean there is a shallow channel where the sound waves are bent toward the surface and bounce along it, allowing communication over greater distances. At greater depths there is a second channel (called the SOFAR, for "sound fixing and ranging") that traps sounds at a depth and projects them laterally rather than spherically. Both channels facilitate sound transmission because the normal threedimensional spreading of sound is limited to two dimensions. Both submariners and marine mammals take advantage of the sound transmission channels for more efficient use of sound power.
Electromagnetic radiation works fine in air, but most wavelengths are absorbed so strongly by water (99.99 percent by one meter of water) that it is not of much use in aquatic media. The exception to this rule is the narrow wavelength band from 400 to 700 nanometers that corresponds to visible light. Aquatic organisms take full advantage of this transmission window for their visual communication.
Incoming Signals
The sensors used in radar and sonar, respectively, are dipole antennae (for example, like the "rabbit ears" on an oldstyle television) and piezoelectric hydrophones. Bat ears are typical mammalian sound detectors with an eardrum that vibrates in sympathy with airborne sound and a fluid-filled cochlea that converts the mechanical vibrations into the electrical language of the nervous system. The middle ear bones, called the ossicular chain, match the incoming signal's impedance—a measure of the resistance a signal experiences when it tries to enter a system. This matching allows for more efficient transmission of the sound vibrations from the air to the fluids within the cochlea. The large, mobile pinnae (the outer, visible part of the ears) are the most conspicuous features of the sound detection system. They function as parabolic reflectors, tunneling sound into the ear canal. Here again we see the size rule: In many bat species the size of the ear is matched to the frequency range of the sonar signals they produce. High frequency means smaller ears; low frequency leads to larger ears. The largest ears are found in gleaning bats, which tend to hunt prey from ground and water surfaces, and use passive listening to find their targets (as opposed to aerial hawking bats, which target moths in flight). They can hear the beat of a moth's wings or the footsteps of a centipede walking nearby. The pinnae also play an important role in sound localization. Each acts as a directional acoustic antenna with the strength of incoming signal each receives dependent on the azimuth (or its horizontal angle in relation to the direction the bat is facing) and elevation of the sound. The fact that there are two ears allows for comparisons of time of arrival, phase and intensity of the signal to localize sound.
The bat inner ear follows the basic mammalian plan with a basilar membrane—a stiff structure that separates the two fluid-filled coils of the cochlea—that contains inner hair cells, which respond to vibration. The basilar membrane is laid out like a reversed piano keyboard, with its suffer and narrower base vibrating in response to the high frequencies and its less stiff and broader apex vibrating in sympathy with low frequencies; a gradual transition between the two conditions occurs along the length of the membrane. The basilar membrane thus carries out a frequency analysis of any incoming signal. The hair cells along the length of the basilar membrane then transmit this information through the auditory nerve to the brain for further processing. The most interesting specialization of the basilar membrane is found in constant frequency bats. In these animals a disproportional amount of the length of the basilar membrane is devoted to a narrow band of frequencies around the constant frequency of the bat's call. This part of the basilar membrane has been referred to as an "auditory fovea" in parallel to the part of the eye's retina that contains a concentration of light receptors. Its presence indicates that these bats have an enhanced resolution of frequencies for the detection of Doppler-shifted echoes.
Knowing the precise time of arrival of an echo is critical because it allows the bat to determine the target range. Picking an echo out of background noise is a formidable task. The intensity of the echo may be 1,000 times less powerful than the background noise. The task is rendered possible by a mathematical function called cross-correlation. The transmitter keeps a copy of the outgoing signal and then continuously compares what it hears to the copy until it gets a good match. The match is achieved by multiplying the copy times the input; when everything matches up nicely the product of the two curves reaches a peak telling the receiver that the echo has arrived. Here's a visual way to understand the process: Hold your two hands in front of your face, one facing toward you and one away. One hand represents the copy of the output signal and one respresents the echo. Slide your two hands past each other from right to left. It is obvious when the two hands match; you have a good cross-correlation and the echo has arrived. This method becomes even more powerful when the outgoing pulse is frequency modulated, in the form of a chirp.
Doppler shift processing is immensely powerful. It allows the receiver to have an additional piece of information beyond azimuth, elevation and range—it gives relative speed as well. Imagine a bat flying over the landscape. All background items such as ground, trees and bushes will have a relative speed equal to the flight speed of the bat. Now imagine a lone moth flying toward the bat. It will have a different Doppler-shifted frequency and will stand out as a potential target. Constant frequency bats dedicate an inordinately large portion of their brain and processing power to measuring tiny Doppler shifts. Researchers in the laboratory of Han-Ulrich Schnitzler in Germany have shown that the mustached bat can use the Doppler shift to detect the movement of a moth's wings as it flutters—information potentially useful in clistinguishing prey types.
The bane of sonar and radar reception is clutter—echoes from nontarget items. Clutter includes the echoes returning from rain (so-called volume clutter) or background surfaces—anything that decreases the signal-to-noise ratio. Imagine attempting to detect a low-flying plane from above when it is flying against a background of city buildings giving off myriad complex echoes. For a bat this situation would be the equivalent of detecting a moth as it flies near a bush, with each leaf presenting a confusing echo. Again Doppler shifts come to the rescue, but a second mechanism is also useful. Some bats send out sounds in pairs (or strobe groups). By altering the frequency of the first and second emissions, the bat can keep track of and sort out the incoming echoes more efficiently, rendering clutter less effective.
Nonetheless, some insect prey take advantage of clutter by hiding in it. Earless ghost swift moths become "invisible" to echolocating bats by forming mating clusters close (less than half a meter) above vegetation and effectively blending into the clutter of echoes that the bat receives from the leaves and stems around them. Many insects probably use this strategy, which is a close analogy to crypsis in the visible world—camouflage and other methods for blending into one's visual background.
Evolutionary Combat
Radar and sonar engineers are in an ever-escalating competition. Each improvement in target detection generates efforts to design a countermeasure to make detection more difficult. Most recently engineers have made efforts to reduce the radar cross-section (RCS), a measure of the detectability of a target, to minuscule proportions. We know the result as stealth aircraft. One seldom attends an air show or large sporting event without being treated to a flyover by an impressively strange-shaped B-2 stealth bomber. Its RCS has been decreased by hiding bulky engines and control surfaces inside the wing, emphasizing angles that deflect reflections away from radar receivers, and using composites and paints that absorb or otherwise impede radar reflections. It is rumored that stealth bombers have an RCS as small as a postage stamp.
Not to be outdone, insects can play the stealth game, too. Some prey insects may use stealthlike mechanisms to dampen their echo signature to bats. Jinyao Zeng, Shuyi Zhang and their colleagues at East China Normal University in Shanghai have suggested that the scales on moth wings may decrease the amplitude of the echoes they return to bats by absorbing the bats' echolocatiort cries. This feature would give the moth a small but significant advantage in avoiding detection. The scales of the nocturnal moths more than double the absorption factor of the wings for sounds at frequencies between 40 and 60 kilohertz, resulting in a decrease of echo intensity of up to 2 decibels over scaleless wings—and making it more difficult for the bat to detect the moth at a distance. Control butterfly wings, which also have scales, did not show this effect. Although the mechanism of sound absorption remains to be determined, moth scales frequently have spaces between them and are typically covered with micropores and kcutme (oblong spaces) reminiscent of manmade sound-absorbing materials. It seems likely that researchers have just scratched the surface in this regard, and many more stealthlike examples will be found that foil echolocating predators.
As soon as engineers developed effective sonar and radar, others set about thwarting it by interfering with the reception or processing of echoes—a process called jamming. Two organizations have contributed enormously to this electronic warfare: the legendary Lockheed Martin "Skunk Works" and a nonprofit international organization called the Association of Old Crows (the name is a play on the Allied radar equipment and operators in World War 2, which were known by the code name Raven). Both groups have developed electronic countermeasures and counter-countermeasures in the military arena. This escalation of ploy and counterploy is reminiscent of the evolutionary arms races that fascinate biologists.
Methods of jamming come in two varieties: passive and active. Passive methods include chaff, materials (such as thin aluminum strips or metalized glass fibers) jettisoned by an aircraft to confuse enemy radar about the aircraft's precise location and movements. Active methods are electronic signals designed to blind or delude the tracking radar. Noise jammers overwhelm the radar receiver with powerful electronic noise that makes it difficult for the receiver to detect the relatively faint target echo. A repeater jammer provides a copy of the real echo but with inappropriate timing, seducing the receiver into detecting a "phantom" object headed in the wrong direction. Active jamming is a tricky business, because the jammer can inadvertently give the radar receiver a new signal to lock onto.
It might seem unlikely that insects could play similar tricks on echolocating bats, but the coevolutionary arms race of bats and insects has been going on for 65 million years—plenty of time to develop sophisticated measures and countermeasures. Members of my laboratory discovered that Ecuadorian tiger moths in the genus Bertholdia (of the subfamily Arctiinae and family Erebidae) produce a cacophony of clicks when they are targeted by an echolocating bat. The moths intercept the sonar signals of an approaching predator using "bat detectors"—ears tuned to high frequencies—and answer them. The anti-bat sounds are produced by blisters of cuticle called tymbal organs located on either side of the thorax. Each tymbal has 30 or so ridges on it, arranged in a striated band. During activation, underlying muscles deform each ridge in succession, producing a train of clicks. The tymbal produces a second train as it returns elastically to its original shape. The anti-bat clicks are produced at a rate of up to 4,500 clicks per second, meaning that over half of the time that the bat is trying to process echoes, it is also receiving spurious moth-created clicks. This behavior is the hallmark of a sonar jammer. The tymbal organs are a characteristic of Bertholdia and its relatives, and their taxonomic distribution suggests that the organ is an ancient weapon against sonar-wielding bats.
My graduate student Aaron Corcoran determined that Bertholdia's broadband clicks cause hunting bats to miss their targeted prey both in the laboratory and in the field. How do these jamming sounds work? The logic is the same as that described for radar systems. Some have suggested that if moth clicks are sufficiently similar to returning prey echoes in spectral and temporal characteristics, bats might misperceive them as echoes from objects that do not exist, or "phantom targets." Second, if clicks are sufficiently numerous and intense, they might mask the presence of echoes, rendering the target invisible. A third mechanism is also possible. Clicks that overlap with or closely precede echoes may diminish a bat's precision in determining target range. The three jamming hypotheses can be differentiated by what the bat perceives: multiple objects surrounding the moth for the phantom target hypothesis, no target for the masking hypothesis and a blurred target for the ranging interference hypothesis. Corcoran's best efforts so far indicate that the last hypothesis appears to be the answer. Bats miss jamming moths by a degree predicted by the ranging interference hypothesis.
Corcoran also showed that jamming moths produce their signals only when the bat has "locked on" to them and they are in great danger. The moth determines this threat by sensing a combination of increasing bat cry intensity and a decrease in the interval between bat cries. The threshold for sound production in Bertholdia is closely matched to these parameters and allows the moth to unambiguously determine whether it has been targeted.
The latest known escalation of the bat-moth arms race is the discovery of a stealth bat by Holger Goerlitz, Marc Holderied and their colleages at the University of Bristol. The aerially hawking bat Barbastello barbastelli has lowered the intensity of its echolocation calls by 10 to 100 times. This shift allows them to remain undetected by eared moths until they are very close and the outcome is a fait accompli.
We call the ploy and counterploy of bats and moths a diffuse arms race, with multiple species of bats in an evolutionary battle with multiple species of moths. We are just beginning to understand this arms race, and one can be sure that there will be more surprises to come. For one, the tiger moths comprise approximately 11,000 species worldwide. There are an estimated 200,000 other kinds of moths plying the nighttime sky, and that doesn't even touch on the beetles, katydids, crickets, mole crickets, flies, lacewings, locusts, nocturnal butterflies and mantids that are also jetting about. Any insect that flies after dark must have a strategy for dealing with nature's ultimate nocturnal predatore—echolocating bats. The race is on.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Anatomical hierarchy
General Anatomy > Respiratory system > Lungs > Right lung > Right lung, superior lobe > Posterior segment [S II]
Each of the tertiary bronchi serves a specific bronchopulmonary segment. These segments each have their own artery. Thus, each bronchopulmonary segment is supplied by a segmental bronchus, and two arteries, a pulmonary artery and a bronchial artery which run together through the center of the segment. Veins and lymphatics drain along the edges.
There are 10 bronchopulmonary segments in the right lung (3 in superior lobe, 2 in middle lobe, 5 in inferior lobe) and 9 segments on the left (4 in upper lobe, 5 in lower lobe).
Note : there are some variation in the nomenclature and numbers of lobes, for example, in the lower lobe of left lungs, some authors merge the anterior and medial basal segments, with only 4 segments in this lobe.


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NICOT: The Book of Joshua, by Marten Woudstra (1981)
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Each commentary in this series opens with an introduction to the biblical book, looking especially at questions concerning its background, authorship, date, purpose, structure, and theology. A select bibliography also points readers to resources for their own study. The author's own translation from the original Hebrew forms the basis of the commentary proper. Verse-by-verse comments nicely balance in-depth discussions of technical matters — textual criticism, critical problems, and so on — with exposition of the biblical writer's theology and its implications for the life of faith today.
The Book of Joshua
• Series: New International Commentary on the Old Testament
• General Editors: R. K. Harrison, Robert L. Hubbard, Jr.
• Author: Marten H. Woudstra
• Publisher: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company (1981)


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All News Releases By Date
EPA focusing on industrial stormwater compliance, targeting a serious threat to Puget Sound water quality
Release Date: 08/26/2013
Contact Information: Suzanne Skadowski, EPA Region 10 Public Affairs, 206-295-4829, firstname.lastname@example.com
(Seattle – August 26, 2013) As part of ongoing federal and state efforts to restore Puget Sound, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is announcing enforcement actions against four Seattle-area companies for discharging industrial stormwater to Puget Sound waterways in violation of the Clean Water Act.
"By focusing our efforts on industrial stormwater compliance, EPA and the Washington Department of Ecology are tackling one of the top environmental threats to Puget Sound," said Ed Kowalski, director of EPA's enforcement program in Seattle. "These focused actions help bring us closer to restoring the health of Puget Sound."
Stormwater runoff from industrial sites, if not properly controlled and treated, can transport toxic chemicals, heavy metals, excess sediment, and nutrients, directly into Puget Sound and waterways. These pollutants harm the Puget Sound ecosystem and marine life. EPA and Ecology help ensure compliance and enforce clean water rules at permitted and unpermitted industrial stormwater sources to reduce these pollutants in Puget Sound.
EPA enforcement actions against four Seattle-area companies for discharging industrial stormwater to Puget Sound waterways in violation of the Clean Water Act:
Ash Grove Cement Company, a Seattle cement manufacturer, discharged industrial stormwater to the Duwamish East Waterway via Seattle storm drains, without a permit from 1992 to 2010. Pollutants in the company's stormwater included toxic metals copper and zinc. To settle these violations, the company obtained an individual stormwater permit and agreed to pay a penalty of $600,000: https://www.epa.gov/region10/pdf/enforce/Ash-Grove-Complaint-Settlement-DOJ-082313.pdf
Waste Management of Washington Inc., a Seattle truck-to-rail transfer facility, discharged industrial stormwater via storm sewers to the Duwamish River in violation of the Washington industrial stormwater general permit on multiple days in 2009 to 2011. The company discharged truck wash water to a nearby storm drain and failed to monitor pollutants in its stormwater discharges, including petroleum and zinc. EPA and Ecology inspectors jointly investigated this facility for compliance with the Washington industrial stormwater permit.
To settle these violations, the company agreed to pay a penalty of $33,750:https://www.epa.gov/region10/pdf/enforce/Waste-Management-Settlement-072413.pdf
Gary Merlino Construction Company, a Seattle construction storage yard and maintenance facility, discharged industrial stormwater to the Duwamish River in violation of the Washington industrial stormwater general permit from 2010 to 2012. The company failed to revise its pollution prevention plan and best management practices, to reduce zinc and turbidity in its stormwater, and failed to cover two facility dumpsters. To settle these violations, the company agreed to pay a penalty of $36,000: https://www.epa.gov/region10/pdf/enforce/Merlino-Settlement-050813.pdf
Special Interest Auto Works Inc., of Kent, an auto wrecking and recycling facility, discharged industrial stormwater to the Green River, without a permit from 2008 to 2012.
Pollutants in the facility's stormwater included high levels of petroleum, zinc, copper, and lead. When the company declined to settle the case, EPA issued a unilateral complaint seeking a penalty up to $177,500: https://www.epa.gov/region10/pdf/enforce/Special-Auto-Works-Complaint-071513.pdf
Washington Industrial Stormwater General Permit: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/stormwater/industrial/permitwork.html
Follow @EPAnorthwest on Twitter: https://twitter.com/EPAnorthwest
Search this collection of releases | or search all news releases
View selected historical press releases from 1970 to 1998 in the EPA History website.
Industrial stormwater at Special Interest Auto Works Inc., Seattle, 2012 (EPA Region 10)


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We are currently rolling out a ground-breaking new system to allow our players to get more out of their games.
Team managers can record goalscorers, assists, goals descriptions, player of the match, rate their players, match report, team line-up, subs, making it easy to view your team's performance over the season and compete against players within your team or other team's players for season awards.
All our 4G pitches are large, good-quality all-weather pitches meaning an enjoyable footballing experience in all seasons.
After a tough season, nothing is better than securing some silverware - our competition winners get a top quality trophy to keep forever.
We host an annual awards night every September at a central London venue where our teams are presented with their prizes.
We understand how important it is to have good-quality, experienced referees for your games.
All of our officials are fully-qualified and can control the matches with great professionalism.


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The cross pin I see on mine is on the RH side, facing front-to-back, and can be seen in this pic:
That's the only cross-pin that I see. Looking more closely, I can almost bet that is how it comes apart. It seems that cross pin is driven out, then the vertical hinge pin - the main one - is driven downward from the top. The latch mechanism appears to be designed so that it will move to the "unlatched" position (button engaged) when it is hammered out. That's my guess. In that schematic, the parts that will be hammered out are shown down behind the pistol grip. Appears to be a spring and that long stepped shaft. The pin behind it is what keeps the stock tubes installed on the rear boss.
The little front-to-back cross pin that starts this off is shown just to the left of that guy's blue arrow.


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MONTREAL - George Carlin died three years ago. Among the last of a fast-vanishing breed of satirists, he possessed one of the more brilliant minds in – or out – of comedy.
When once asked what he wanted on his tombstone, Carlin mused: "Gee … he was here a moment ago."
Those words never did get etched on the headstone. But the spirit and wit that were Carlin are back, thanks to his daughter, Kelly Carlin. She has launched A Carlin Home Companion, a mix of family stories, memorabilia and vintage concert footage that comes to the Just for Laughs fest Thursday at 4 p.m. at Cinquième Salle of Place des Arts.
It is the next-best thing to catching her dad live in concert. She not only shares intimate offstage family tales, but she also chronicles her dad's life onstage, from his Hippie Dippie Weatherman to the muckraker challenging profanity laws – remember the seven dirty words? – to his Modern Man.
"Essentially, audiences get to walk through my mind and share the 45 years I had with my dad," she says. "I talk about all the big events in his life, like his getting arrested and his drug years. I then filter them through my experience as a kid, witnessing all this and the impact it had on me."
Kelly Carlin, 48, a psychologist, blogger and host of an Internet radio show, hadn't initially entertained any notions of paying tribute to her dad.
"When you're a kid, you're kind of hostage to your parents' life. Their life is your life and as an only child, that was certainly the case for me," says Kelly, daughter of Carlin's first wife Brenda Hosbrook, who died in 1997.
"As I got older, I was going to his concerts but wasn't part of the process as before. I, like his fans, was watching him evolve. He would come out on stage with these lines about Lance Armstrong and abortion and the like, and I would just sit there and go: 'Wow – that's my dad!' He blew me away, just like he blew almost everyone else away."
Yet her dad offstage was a totally different man. He wasn't one of those comics – hello, Robin Williams – who was always on. "He was actually a really serious person," she recalls. "In some ways, he was almost an introvert in his own head. When he needed to connect with others, he would. But he was very much a loner, on a mission. His brain was always working.
"There were pads and pens everywhere in our house, so he could always make notes. He would also have a little tape recorder in his hand in the car while we were travelling."
Which is not to suggest that father and daughter didn't horse around together. "I used to make him laugh by making faces and doing voices. But I was his only child, the apple of his eye, so, of course, he would laugh at my jokes."
Despite the fact she could crack up her father, Kelly had no desire to become a comedian. "Those are gigantic shoes to fill, and my dad always discouraged me from that life. He would always tell me that life on the road was really, really tough and that life for a female comic was probably even tougher. He was very protective of me."
She sees herself more as a storyteller. Even before launching this homage to her dad, she had written a series of essays she would perform on stage. Though she is a psychologist, she was seeking fulfillment on another level.
"I really didn't want to be sitting in a dark, badly decorated room in California for the rest of my life and listening to depressed people talk."
She prefers talking to people she chooses, on her Internet radio show, Waking from the American Dream. "The thrill is talking to smart, interesting people. And I find comedians to be about the smartest and deepest people I know. I really am my father's daughter."
The title of her show is inspired by her father. "He would say that he had to be asleep in order to believe in the American dream. That related to his philosophy about doublespeak and American culture, about how a small group of men were running the whole show and how others were pretending to have power over their lives."
Carlin himself summed it up best in this image-rich passage: "Only a bunch of halfwits could have taken a beautiful nation, which we stole from the Mexicans and Indians, and turned it into a coast-to-coast shopping mall. We're just huge piles of redundant protoplasm committing slow death by fast food."
The genesis for A Carlin Home Companion came as a result of Kelly's buddy Lewis Black, the ever-abrasive satirist. He had been conscripted to stage a comedy revue on a cruise ship. He brought aboard a gaggle of wits, but needed something different to stage during the day. So he asked her if she could put some concert video clips together and recount stories about her father.
"The people on the ship really took to it all," she says. "And the show just took off from that."
She admits she was apprehensive at first, reluctant to be viewed as exploiting the memory of her dad. "I'm very sensitive to that reality. But I know who I am and what kind of love and respect I have for my father. I also know that my dad's fans miss him a lot, and most of the reason I'm doing this is for those fans. To see the looks on the faces of the fans when I tell these stories is so gratifying. It brings a tear to my eyes.
"My job, if I choose, is to help forward my father's legacy and to keep his voice alive, because I think it's one of the most important voices of our times."
Kelly Carlin presents A Carlin Home Companion, Thursday at 4 p.m. at Cinquième Salle of Place des Arts. Tickets: $15. Call 514-845-2322 or 514-842-2112, or go to www.hahaha.com or www.pda.qc.ca.


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EDITORIAL: Increase in federal minimum wage is overdue
President Barack Obama's proposal to boost the federal minimum wage to $9 per hour begs the question, "Would the ripples from this be good or bad for a fragile economy?"
House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, quickly responded that it would be a job killer.
"When you raise the price of employment, guess what happens? You get less of it," Boehner said the day after the president's State of the Union address.
But think about that quote on employment costs in the context of chief executive officers' salaries: If you pay enormous amounts to a CEO and company directors, doesn't that stifle the number of jobs in a company?
The $7.25 federal minimum wage works out to about $15,000 a year, not nearly a livable wage, and often without benefits. It is trumped in Connecticut by the $8.25 state minimum wage, but the federal raise would affect this state's wages anyway by creating a higher national floor.
Economists differ on whether an increase in the minimum wage leads to less employment. A couple of studies have shown no effect; others show an employment dip after it is raised.
But those being paid minimum wage did better in 1968. Adjusting for inflation since the late 1960s would put the minimum at $10.52.
Opponents are riled about the plan's cost-of-living adjustment, which would increase the wage each year if there's inflation and potentially hurt small businesses. But no raises means more stress on the poorest of struggling families. And while business interests contend that it's mostly teens earning the minimum wage, there are reports that mature adults laid off from good jobs in the economic downturn had to take two jobs at minimum wage to survive.
There are implications, too, for immigration reform, which is suddenly looking doable. An Economic Policy Institute blog says raising the minimum wage "is a perfect complement to immigration reform and its promise of legalizing millions of undocumented workers" since such workers will need funds for English lessons, penalties and back taxes that will pave the path to citizenship.
One economist argues that it is more cost-effective to simply increase the earned income tax credit to help the working poor, since much of a minimum wage increase would go to the non-poor (middle-class teens, presumably). But in the absence of a more progressive tax system, the federal minimum wage should go up. As one proponent put it, a higher minimum will strengthen attachment to jobs and increase the dignity of work for those on the bottom rungs of the economic ladder.


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Get festive with these delicious potions that are sure to delight. Consider them your adult treats for the night...
1. Halloween Cocktails: Candy Corn Cocktail
Candy Corn Cocktail
1oz Godiva White
1/2oz pumpkin spice liquor
1oz vanilla vodka
Splash of cream
Shake over ice and strain into martini glass top with fresh whipped cream.
Developed for Davio's Northern Italian Steakhouse in New York City.
2. Halloween Cocktails: Haunted Voyage
Haunted Voyage
1 oz. Captain Morgan® White Rum
2 oz. Owl's Brew The Classic
.5 oz. Grapefruit Juice
Shake and pour over ice into a rocks glass. Garnish with black sugar rim.
Created by Owl's Brew
3. Halloween Cocktails: Hocus Pocus Martini
Hocus Pocus Martini
3 oz Bai5 Costa Rica Clementine
1.5 oz Vodka
1.5 oz Seltzer
1 pack Pop Rocks
Rim martini glass with pop rocks. Pour vodka and ice cold Bai5 Costa Rica Clementine into glass. Top with 3 oz of seltzer and stir lightly.
4. Halloween Cocktails: Green Goblin
The Green Goblin
1 oz. Molinari Sambuca Extra
1/2 oz. coconut syrup
1/2 oz. pineapple juice
Blue curacao according to taste
Gently pour into the shot glass the ingredients – following the order above – in order to obtain three different and well defined layers.
5. Halloween Cocktails: Candy Apple Margarita
Candy Apple Margarita
1 ½ ounces Sauza® Blue Silver 100% Agave Tequila
½ ounces DeKuyper® Hot Damn! ® Cinnamon Schnapps Liqueur
1 part lime sour
1 ounce candy apple soda
1 lime wedge (for garnish)
Combine all ingredients in a glass filled with ice. Garnish with a lime wedge and enjoy!
6. Halloween Cocktails: Panamanian Devil
Panamanian Devil
2 oz. Ron Abuelo Añejo
1 oz. chilled espresso
3 drops liquid smoke
1/4 oz. simple syrup
Spray of Lucid Absinthe
Shake first four ingredients with ice and strain into martini glass rimmed with smoked chili powder. Spray on top of drink some Lucid Absinthe. Garnish with flamed orange peel.
Created by The Cocktail Guru, Jonathan Pogash
7. Halloween Cocktails: Caramel Pumpkin Cheesecake Shots
Caramel Pumpkin Cheesecake Dessert Shots
1/4 Cup Van Gogh Dutch Caramel Vodka
1 can (14 oz) Pumpkin, chilled
3 oz. Reduced-fat cream cheese
6 oz. Low fat vanilla yogurt
1 Cup low fat milk
1/2 Teaspoon vanilla extract
1/2 Teaspoon cinnamon
1/8 Teaspoon nutmeg 6 Teaspoons graham cracker crumbs, optional Directions:
Place all ingredients (except graham cracker crumbs) in a blender and blend until silky. Pour into shot glasses and top each serving with a teaspoon of graham cracker crumbs.
Created by Celebrity Chef, Jon Ashton
8. Halloween Cocktails: Van Goghst Punch
Van Goghst Punch
1 bottle Van Gogh Rich Dark Chocolate Vodka
12 oz. orange juice
12 oz. pomegranate juice
12 oz. club soda or lemon-lime soda
Pour ingredients into large punch bowl or pitcher filled with ice and stir to chill and dilute. Ladle or pour out into small punch glasses. Garnish with several sliced orange wheels.
Created by The Cocktail Guru, Jonathan Pogash
9. Halloween Cocktails: Pumpkin Mezcal Moonrise
Pumpkin Mezcal Moonrise
1 1/2 oz. Mezcal
1 1/2 oz. pumpkin purée*
3/4 oz. lemon juice
3/4 oz. agave nectar
1 dash angostura bitters
roasted pumpkin seeds, to garnish
ground nutmeg, to garnish
ground cinnamon, to garnish
*Pumpkin purée: Cut one large pumpkin into four pieces. Bake in oven at 325ºF 30 minutes. Let cool, blend and strain.
Place all ingredients in cocktail shaker with ice. Shake well then strain into chilled martini glass.
Garnish with roasted pumpkin seeds, fresh ground nutmeg and cinnamon.
Developed by Epazote in New York City
10. Halloween Cocktails: Witches Brew
Witches Brew
2 ¼ ounces Bacardi Light
2 ¼ ounces Meyers rum
1 ¼ ounces Bacardi 151
2 ½ ounces pineapple juice
2 ½ ounces orange juice
1 ¼ ounces sour mix
1 ¼ ounces grenadine
Fill glass completely with ice and all ingredients. Stir the drink until all the ingredients are combined (it should be a pinkish-red color). Throw in a handful of gummi worms and the appropriate amount of silly straws needed.
Developed for NYC's Stone Rose Lounge, Lilium, Whiskey Blue, Whiskey Park, Living Room
11. Halloween Cocktails: Candy Corn Martini
Candy Corn Martini
1 ounce grenadine
1 ounce orange juice
1 ounce Voli orange vodka
2 ounces of coconut vodka
Splash of cream
Mix Voli Orange Vodka and orange juice together and strain into a martini glass. Mix coconut vodka and cream and layer into a martini glass. Then sink grenadine into the martini glass.
Developed for NYC's Stone Rose Lounge, Lilium, Whiskey Blue, Whiskey Park, Living Room
12. Halloween Cocktails: Jack-O-Lantern Martini
Jack-o-Lantern Martini
1 orange wheels
7 mint leaves
2 ounces Jack Daniels
1 ½ ounces simple syrup
1 ½ ounces lemon juice
Muddle an orange wheel and mint leaves in a shaking tin. Add ice and all ingredients and shake vigorously; strain into a martini glass. Sink ½ ounce of Chambord; garnish with an orange wheel.
Developed for NYC's Stone Rose Lounge, Lilium, Whiskey Blue, Whiskey Park, Living Room


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Posted 8 years ago
(62 items)
Here is an example of the "attribution" game. I bought this vase on ebay, and it was sold as "Bohemian Art Glass" which is correct. But if it had been sold as "Loetz Phanomen 377" it might have sold for more. The real question is; am I right? Is this really Loetz 377? I have compared it to the beautiful photographs in "Loetz Austria 1900" (Waltraud Neuwirth) and to the fine examples on Loetz.com and I came to the conclusion that it is Loetz Phanomen Gre-377. It has all the quality and color and the shape is right, so by Dr. Alfredo's method I would say I'm on firm ground here. If anyone has an alternate theory (attribution) I am all ears. This is a simple but elegant piece, and it is also one of my favorites.


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It is rare to come across a place that welcomes the 21st century with an 'adaab'. Hyderabad is one such place. There is so much here to awe the senses. From the magnificent food to the majestic monuments, from its terrific landscapes to a populace steeped in respect and tradition. Consisting of the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad, Hyderabad is also the capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Once the largest princely state in India, Hyderabad had its own flag, currency, railway, and postal system, before being incorporated into the Indian nation.
With a rich history, Hyderabad boasts of some fine examples of Qutub Shahi architecture - the Jami Masjid, the Mecca Masjid, Toli Masjid and of course, the impressive symbol of Hyderabad, the Charminar.
A unique feature of the city is that it is the only city in the south, where the major language spoken is Urdu.
Home to the Nizams, reportedly, the world's richest royals, Hyderabad is also home to famous folk arts like shadow puppetry and kuchipudi.
Population : About 4.3 million
Climate : Maximum temperature is 38º C, minimum temperature 12º C, annual rainfall less than 200 mm. Hyderabad is fairly warm throughout the year and does not receive much rainfall in the monsoon. Temperatures do come down in winter with September to December being the best times to visit. June to November are monsoon months. The best time to visit then is during or just after the monsoons.
Best times to visit : Though the climate is suitable for visit anytime of the year, the best season is between October-February. Just avoid June when it is too hot to sightsee.
The principle landmark of Hyderabad is the Charminar (four towers), the massive arch built by Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah in 1591 to commemorate the end of a devastating epidemic of the plague. There is a small mosque on the second floor, which is the oldest in Hyderabad. In the south-east corner is a small Hindu shrine honoring Laxmi, the goddess of wealth. Each evening, the arch is illuminated and is a sight worth seeing.
One of the largest mosques in the world, the Mecca Masjid is said to accommodate upto 10,000 worshippers. The foundation of the mosque was laid during the reign of Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah in 1614, but was completed only in 1687, when the Golconda Kingdom was annexed by Emperor Aurangzeb.
Hyderabad also boasts of one of the largest zoos in India, the Nehru Zoological Park. It is spread over 1.2 sq. kms of landscaped gardens and houses about 3000 animals. There's a prehistoric animal section, a toy train ride around the park, a lion safari and a nocturnal section.
One of Hyderabad's prime attractions is the Salar Jung Museum, the world's largest collection by a single individual, Sir Yusaf Ali Salar Jung III. The 36 rooms, house around 35,000 exhibits from all over the world including sculptures, illuminated manuscripts, unusual collections of jade, marble statues, rare manuscripts, Persian miniature paintings, Chinese porcelain and other objects d'art. The collected items in the museum could be far better classified because a lot of the really good pieces of art need to be hunted for. Whatever the inevitable drawbacks of a one man collection, a must visit. The museum is closed on Fridays.
The Birla Mandir stands on a hill overlooking the south end of Hussain Sagar. It is a splendid temple built entirely out of white marble. The Birla Planetarium is also quite a crowd-puller.
A short distance away from the city, looms one of the most magnificent fortresses in India, the Golconda Fort. The fort dates back to the time of the Qutub Shahi kings, though its origin has been traced to earlier periods, to the reign of the Yadavas and later the Kakatiyas. The fortress is built on a granite hill 120 metres high. Its gates are studded with menacing iron spikes, intended to discourage elephants from battering them down.
What is unique about this fort is its system of acoustics. The sound of hands clapped at the entry gate can be heard quite clearly at the top of the hill, at a height of 61m. The stately tombs of the Qutub Shahi rulers lie just outside the outer wall of the Golconda fort. They lie amidst beautifully kept gardens and a number of them have intricately carved stonework.
Hyderabad has a rich cultural heritage, which encloses within itself an amalgam of various religious and cultural communities. While many of these are common with the rest of the country, some are celebrated with a distinct touch that carries the flavor of the city. One has to remember that Hyderabad is a predominantly Islamic state and therefore, it stands to reason that the festivals that stand out will be those of the Muslims. But then again, like the rest of India, there are festivals that are celebrated by all, regardless of one's own religion.
In January, Til Sankranti marks the entry of the sun into the northern hemisphere. The day, held auspicious by Hindus is marked by worship of the Sun God. Houses are decorated with rangolis. This festival is also known as the harvest festival.
Ugadi (March/April) is the Telugu New Year. On this day, houses are cleaned, painted and a 'toran' or string of mango leaves is strung up in front of each house.
Muharram (June-July), the day of martyrdom of the grandsons of Prophet Mohammad is celebrated with piety. Traditionally, the Muharram period lasts over a month and is observed by Muslims and Hindus with temperance. On the 8th and 10th days of Muharram, people of all religions pay respect at Chote Hazrat ki Dargah, inside Devan Devadi, in Hyderabad.
Bathkamma (October/November) is special to the Telangana region. In the month-long festival, Goddess Bathkamma's idol is worshipped and taken to rivers and lakes and floated in the evening.


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Home > Duets > O Worship the King
O Worship the King
Includes duet parts 1 & 2 for each instrument listed below and one piano accompaniment that is common to all instruments listed with this title.
Includes the selected instrument's duet parts 1 & 2 and piano accompaniment.
B-flat Clarinet or Tenor Saxophone
B-flat Trumpet or Treble Clef Euphonium
B-flat Trumpet, pt. I / Trombone, pt. II
E-flat Alto Saxophone
Horn in F
Horn in F, pt. I / Trombone, pt. II
A fresh setting of this great hymn inviting us to "worship the King, all glorious above" and "tell of His might … sing of His grace."
© 2020 Jantz Music Publications


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Vintage Dress Dreams
My little sister just got engaged (hooray!) so we've started pinning away all our ideas on a mutual Pinterest board. She's thinking vintage-esque, which is so fun to research, since it's a different direction than I took (just last year!)
image via Rock n Roll Bride
image via godbey and gant
image via style me pretty
image via wedding bells
image via love my dress
Aren't these dresses just gorgeous? I can hardly wait to see my sister in one of them!


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Farmingdale State - 1, Western Connecticut - 0
Farmingdale, N.Y. - Freshman midfielder Ashley Appel (Bellmore, N.Y.) scored her first collegiate goal in the 53rd minute leading the Rams to a 1-0 shutout over Western Connecticut (4-2) today. Farmingdale State improves to 3-2 overall with today's win.
Sophomore forward Ashlee Thompson (Ronkonkoma, N.Y.) recorded her first assist of the season, after setting up Appel in left corner.
Farmingdale State led 11-4 in shots and 3-1 in corner attempts. Sophomore goalkeeper Breanna Blair (Littleton, Colo.) made two saves for the win, while freshman Allison Rettenmeier (Sherman, Conn.) made four saves in defeat.
The Rams next will host #7 TCNJ in a non-conference game on Saturday, September 14th at 2:00 p.m.


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The 1TB My Passport USB 3.0 Portable Hard Drive from WD is a convenient, high capacity option for anyone with a lot of videos, photos, music, and files that they want to keep secure--and take on the road.
Designed for speed and convenience, the My Passport series of hard drives make backing-up your files fast, easy, and most importantly automatic. You can set up the included software to automatically back up files and folders so you never have to worry about making copies of your favorite photos, videos, or music. It has a low impact on computer resources while running in the background, and will instantly back up any files the moment you add or change them.
Using high-speed USB 3.0 technology, and also compatible with any USB 2.0 port, you can now transfer files faster than ever before, with rates of up to three times faster than previous USB 2.0 technology. Keep those files not only stored, but protected, using WD Security for password protection and hardware encryption--to protect your files from unauthorized use or access.
|USB 3.0 and USB 2.0
|Drive Speed
|Not Specified by Manufacturer
|Sustained Data Transfer Rate
|5Gb/s (Max)
|System Requirements
| Comes formatted NTFS for Windows XP, Windows Vista, or Windows 7
Requires reformatting for Mac OS X Leopard, Snow Leopard, or Lion
|Power Requirements
|Powered via USB port
|Environmental Requirements
|Operating 41° to 95° F (5° C to 35° C)
Non-operating -4° F to 149° F (-20° C to 65° C)
|Dimensions (L x W x D)
|4.4 x 3.2 x 0.8" (11.1 x 8.2 x 2.1 cm)
|0.51 lb (0.23 kg)


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Come and experience Alameda's play center for infants and toddlers ages 6 months to 3 years! Activities include developmental and exploratory play, music time, and coloring/crafts. Activities are minimally structured which allows children to enjoy and explore on their own terms. Children must be accompanied and supervised, by a parent or caregiver, at all times.
Meet Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays at 10am. Check website for closure.
PLEASE NOTE: DUE TO ELEVATOR RENOVATION/REPAIRS AT THE VETERAN'S BUILDING, THE WEE PLAY PROGRAM WILL BE MOVED TO WOODSTOCK RECREATION CENTER (351 Cypress Street, Alameda) STARTING WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 29TH.
NOTE: This date/event is in the past. Keep browsing.
Date(s) - 01/06/20
10:00 am - 1:00 pm
$6 Drop-in per day per child / $60 Drop-in Card for 12 visits
Disclaimer: Please double check event information with the activity organizer or venue as events can be canceled, details can change after they are added to our calendar, and errors do occur.
COVID-19 Coronavirus note: In the event that local health officials ask for "social distancing" strategies that include canceling large gatherings, some of these pre-planned activities may be canceled or rescheduled: concerts, festivals, playtime, sports events, storytimes, and other gatherings.


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?Many believe they are merely struggling sinners who've been forgiven—and someday, in heaven, they will be like Jesus. This fallacy keeps people in bondage and nullifies God's power in their lives. The Bible tells us we are His children: "Beloved, now we are children of God" (1 John 3:2, NKJV). If we are now His children, we now have access to fully operate in the character of Jesus. We have the ability to live as He intended us to live from the beginning—extraordinarily! We can live in His image, His likeness, possessing His ability—all through grace! You are a son or daughter of God. You possess His nature. You were meant for anything but ordinary!??
Grace not only instructs us, but it also empowers us to live above our human potential. We're born again, brand-new people, free to live an extraordinary life! The same power that raised Jesus from the dead abides in us. This is why the enemy has strived to reduce grace down to merely a ticket into heaven. If you find out who you are, you will rise up and be a great threat to his work. You'll be extraordinary and change your world!
"All who receive God's abundant grace and are freely put right with Him will rule in life through Christ" (Romans 5:17, TEV). This scripture shows we are to rise above the norm. We are influencers and leaders. If you're a teacher, you can come up with the most innovative ways of communicating knowledge and wisdom. If you're a designer, your creative ideas can be cutting-edge. As a businessperson, you can have inventive ideas and keen marketing strategies that are ahead of the curve. You'll know when to buy and when to sell. If you're a stay-at-home mom, you can be the most imaginative mom in your neighborhood. As rulers in life, we will meet others' needs by the exceedingly great power that's in us.
Those who find this grace-empowered life are not driven by personal gain or greed. They live to bring light, love, truth and resource to those they influence. In reaching beyond themselves, they touch hurting humankind and naturally flourish.
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Extraordinary living has been God's plan for you from the beginning—nothing less. But, you must truly believe this to begin enjoying a godly life, advancing in all areas of society. You were designed with the potential to be the most creative, innovative and wisest on earth! You were created to heal the sick and free the captives! A revelation of who you are and what you are called to do awaits you... ask, seek, knock—and believe!
Marked by boldness and passion, John Bevere delivers uncompromising truth through his award-winning curriculum and best-selling books now available in over sixty languages. His newest book is Extraordinary: The Life You're Meant to Live. More information is available at www.ExtraordinaryOnline.org.
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We spent most of last year working on finishing our basement. Mathlete refers to it as his "man cave" since it is equipped with all the stuff most men love: leather recliners, a huge theater screen, a second tv and kick butt surround sound.
Now that his space is complete, I'm looking to create my own space; my #momcave.
We have a sitting room in our master bedroom that is currently unused {well, unless you count storing random stuff as being "used"}.
I think the space is perfect for my mom cave. With all the windows, it gives me a ton of light which is great since I don't need the darkness for a better tv view.
I recently did a little online and in-person shopping to try and get inspired for decorating this space. I had seen a lot of commercials for La-Z-Boy furniture galleries and so I clicked over to check their website. The online catalog is full of awesome ideas for creating beautiful rooms.


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Accessibility Laws
Section 508
Section 508 is a federal law that establishes requirements for electronic and information technology developed, maintained or procured to ensure that people with disabilities have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to the access to and use of the information and data for people without disabilities. For more information, visit Section 508 Standards.
Code 11135
California Government Code 11135 requires all state agencies (including the CSU) to implement Section 508 and to apply the federal accessibility standards to electronic and information technology (E&IT) products and services that we buy, create, use and maintain. For more information, visit California Government Code 11135.
Section 504
Section 504 is about accommodations and addresses specific individual disability needs. Access for the disabled is still a distinct responsibility under 504. Buying accessible products will reduce, but will not alleviate the need for individual accommodation. Individual needs must still be met.
Although Section 508 and 504 have distinct responsibilities, they are linked in their requirements to provide equal access and protect the civil rights of individuals with disabilities. For more information, visit Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act.


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What does he know? (1)
How can he think he can get re-elected running against the continually expressed views and will of the people of America? Not just running against the white, non-muslim people as he has been doing, but now running against blacks, (2), hispanics, (3), and even muslims, (4)!
President obama going out of his way to insult tolerant muslims by supporting gay marriage? I can't wait for him to do his Middle East tour to explain THAT bit of progress to the seventh century savages!
But I digress… this is about obama supporting this position on gay marriage, which has been overwhelmingly defeated by American voters wherever it has been tried! (5)
About his support for wealth redistribution, which Americans reject; his support for union thugs overriding the most basic of American rights and values, the secret ballot, (6); his support for keeping American companies from putting Americans to work, unless they allow his union thug handlers to extort forced payments to the corrupt unions, (7); his support for stripping the Catholic Church, and, in effect, any religious organization from conforming to the rules of their religion(s), (8); his plea for patience from the Russians, until after he is re-elected, for him to gut our missile defense, (9): his blatant attacks on other supposedly co-equal branches of our government, in his quest to destroy a Constitution he despises, (10),(11),(12); his forcing obamacare on an unwilling American populace, (13).
I can, and will, go on.
These are just some of the issues on which obama diametrically opposes the American voter. What is his plan? What will help him overcome the obvious obstacles between himself and freedom loving patriotic Americans?
His campaign promise to cause energy rates to "necessarily skyrocket" has caused fuel prices to at least double, and his assault on the coal industry, which supplies most of our electricity, is completely out of line for someone looking out for American interests, (14). His administrations blatant lies and alterations to official documents led to an unwarranted moratorium on deep-water drilling in the gulf, (15). We can give Brazil billions to deep-water drill, but Americans can't drill for our own oil, (16).
As if that wasn't enough to make anyone wonder how this man can expect to be re-elected, we still haven't broached the subject of his purposeful destruction of the American capitalist system. His redistribution of wealth to the green energy scammers, mostly his friends and campaign fundraisers, like Solyndra, has led to failures and bankruptcies from most of the companies to which he gave money, (17).
It seems to me that there are a preponderance of issues President obama supports that freedom loving Americans want no part of.
What is his plan? (1)
Is he hoping for enough civil unrest from his personal army, SEIU, the UAW, and his footsoldiers, the occupy movement, for him to rely on martial law and suspended elections?
What are Americans to think when the Army "accidentally" releases information regarding the treatment of freedom loving Americans pursuing happiness under the auspices and moral and ethical boundaries of the Constitution, who wind up in the Presidents re-education camps for "political activists," and how their voices will be silenced by gags as they, (WE, because I'm damn sure I'll be there, too), are forced to do hard labor for our beliefs? (1)
If these elections go on unimpeded, we are looking at a Reagan/Mondale type landslide.
If obama and his minions have their way, we are looking at a civil war.
The question is, do our soldiers have the courage of the Russian soldiers who refused to turn on their people in the streets of Moscow, (18)?
Will they follow the most anti-American President our country has ever seen as he uses them to force the United States into the tyranny of socialism and communism, or will they stand with the people, and forcibly remove and expose the fraud in the White House as soon as he gives the orders for them to start filling up the obama Re-education Camps?
Before any of you think this is ridiculous, remember that this is an administration that used it's FBI and Taxpayer money to buy thousands of dollars of automatic weapons, grenades and light artillery and allow it to be brought to Mexico illegally, to kill Mexican civilians, so President obama could ask for stricter gun laws against law-abiding Americans and gut the Second Amendment, one of those "negative rights" he finds in the Constitution he hates. At this very moment, the FBI and the Justice Department are colluding to mislead the American public and Congress about the third weapon, found at the murder scene of American Agent Brian Terry. (19) Trying to keep everyone from finding out they were complicit in his death through their misguided attacks on our Constitution.
He really expects to be re-elected? They'd be better off if he resigned in favor of Hillary!
What is his plan? (1)
(4) http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kenyan+muslim+clerics+fault+Obama+on+gay+marriage/-/1056/1404426/-/8boaew/-/index.html
(5) http://politicker.com/2012/05/09/gay-marriage-foes-vow-to-defeat-obama-this-november-for-abandoning-marriage/
(6) http://blogs.investors.com/capitalhill/index.php/home/35-politicsinvesting/2051-obama-pro-union-card-check-dead-so-well-use-regulation
(9) http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/03/president-obama-asks-medvedev-for-space-on-missile-defense-after-my-election-i-have-more-flexibility/
(12) http://freedomswings.wordpress.com/2008/10/27/obama-thinks-constitution-flawed-without-redistribution-of-wealth/
(13) http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/current_events/healthcare/health_care_law
(14) http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304192704577403913961019378.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
(15) http://thehayride.com/2012/04/vitter-obama-administration-altered-document-to-lie-to-get-drilling-moratorium/


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And then you sent it to me.
(click to enlarge)
While I appreciate this kind of devotion, I have to say a few things:
1. I hope you're not a pilot flying a plane that's just overshot your destination because you're playing on a laptop doing this.
2. If you aren't really in a meeting, and do things like this for fun, you need a life.


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A. Crying, and holding your grandfather.
B. Silently hugging your parents and kids.
C. Offer the neurologist some Sudafed and a Kleenex.
D. Looking up at the ceiling and yelling, "WHY?" repeatedly.
E. Complain loudly that you've noticed the wall sink in the ER room (which you're being moved out of, anyway) is broken, and demand to talk to a maintenance supervisor immediately.
If you answered E, it was a blast meeting you this morning. As you requested, a plumber and a neurosurgeon have been called, in that order. I think we can fix the sink.


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Mohegan Sun will host former Rangers Ron Greschner and Nick Fotiu at an October 20th event. Greschner and Fotiu will sign autographs and mingle with fans, starting at 4 p.m. in The Shops at Mohegan Sun.
Greschner played 16 seasons in the NHL, debuting with the Rangers in 1974. In 982 games with the Rangers, he notched 610 points.
He is currently the Executive Director of the Ron Greschner Foundation, which supports autism research and awareness.
Fotiu played with the Rangers in the late 1970s and was also a member of the Whalers, both in the WHA and NHL. He played for the New England Whalers (1974-76) and skated for the Hartford Whalers in 1979-80 and 1980-81, returning to the Rangers that season.
The Staten Island native had 1,362 penalty minutes in 646 NHL games with the Rangers, Whalers, Flyers, Oilers and Flames.
He also spent three seasons as an assistant coach with the Hartford Wolf Pack.


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You can discuss your needs with us and we can recommend the plant components best suited to your requirements; no matter if you need is expansion, upgrading, modifying, or replacing.
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Parts of the portfolio can be found in our online Plant Components Catalogue were we show the most used components.
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Tetra Pak is one of three companies in the Tetra Laval Group – a private group that started in Sweden. The other two companies are DeLaval and Sidel. Tetra Laval is headquartered in Switzerland.


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Archive of 2012
2013 preview: Why blinkered austerity politics will ignore Britain's biggest problems
Impatient speculating about the fate of the coalition and bickering over the economy mask the true scale of the challenge facing Britain's politicians in 2013.
The year in review 2012: When Thatcherism came home to roost
Margaret Thatcher's break with moderate, pragmatic Conservatism led directly to the frenzied single-mindedness of the 2010 Tory intake.
Comment: Not all of us love Christmas
If you're not entirely keen on Halloween, you're not expected to sing its praises; if Valentine's Day makes you feel lonely and unloved, or seems far too commercial, no one will say this makes you a bad person. Not liking Christmas, though, makes you a joyless Scrooge. Bah, humbug!
Top ten political gaffes of 2012
Here's our pick of the worst blunders of the year.
The Political Week Online: Police power, Tory squabbles, and the rise of UKIP
To some people, asking yourself whether you feel more inclined to trust the tabloid press, the police, or a politician is like asking whether you'd prefer to swim with a crocodile, a shark, or a bunch of hungry piranhas.
Week in review: The scandal before Christmas
As everyone's thoughts turned to Christmas, one former chief whip is hoping he might be able to rescue something from his disastrous 2012...
Top ten political scandals of 2012
Such is the extent of the turmoil which British society now finds itself in that it's hard to tell where political scandals end and begin.
PMQs as it happened
Review our live coverage of the last PMQs before Christmas with our live blog.
Comment: Extending free school meals can help end child poverty
This is a key moment for the future of welfare reform.
Nick Clegg speech in full
Read Nick Clegg's welfare speech in full here
Analysis: Ukip's strange rise might just break the mould
Could turmoil on the continent help Ukip transcend the protest vote and make a real impact on British politics?
The Week in Review: How not to introduce gay marriage
Cameron starts the week a liberal hero... and ends it proposing the first anti-gay law since Section 28.
The Political Week Online: Culture Wars
Culture wars came Westminster this week as Tories tore themselves apart over gay marriage
Comment: Fracking is reckless and will destroy carbon targets
The dash for gas helps neither the environment or our fuel bills
Ed Miliband immigration speech in full
Read Ed Miliband's flagship immigration speech on immigration and diversity in full on politics.co.uk
Comment: The wisdom of Scotland's 'smoke-free' gamble
The Scottish government is set to make the country smoke-free. It's a sane response to an insane industry.
Art and politics: Framing the chaos of Westminster
Yes, the Intercontinental London Westminster is not an obvious art venue. Yet its art curator, Peter Millard, has assembled a collection of provocative works which, taken together, capture the essence of British political life.
PMQs verdict: An insufferable parade of bullies and swots
This was David Cameron's first opportunity to bash Ed Balls since the shadow chancellor's autumn statement howler last week. Britain was in for a masterclass in bullying bravado.
As-it-happened: PMQs and Pat Finucane statement
Follow our live coverage of David Cameron trying to cheer Tory party spirits in prime minister's questions, as a weak winter sun shines down on Westminster.
Comment: Gay marriage has its queer critics, too
To many of us, 'equal marriage' is an oxymoron. Let's remind ourselves equality and marriage have rarely intertwined.
Comment: The world is silent while atheists are persecuted
The Foreign Office is very vocal about freedom of religion, so why won't it raise its voice against the persecution of non-believers?
Analysis: Will Cameron be the prime minister who admits the war on drugs has failed?
David Cameron could launch the biggest rethink of British drug policy for 40 years today, but does he have the bravery to see it through?
Comment: The brutal hypocrisy of the royal prank witch hunt
Those who attack the Australian radio DJs are guilty of precisely the crime they claim to be so upset about.
The Week in Review: Britain's austerity groundhog day
This is Britain's version of groundhog day: every time George Osborne updates us on the state of his austerity plans, we're told there are five years to go until the misery is over.
The Political Week Online: Autumn statement becomes cold winter
More cuts are on the way as George Osborne announces the government will miss its debt targets.


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Establish long term relationships with clients.
Seek out new clients to place travel nurses and therapists with.
Negotiates contract rates and other particulars of the contract with the client.
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Oh gee, what a glorious way to end the sports year! Ugh. Former Yankees catcher Jim Leyritz was arrested Friday on charges of driving under the influence and killing another driver. He posted the $11,000 bond and was released. (Note: $11,000 can pay for one hell of a cab ride, Jim.)
The sad details:
Fort Lauderdale authorities got a call at 3:20 a.m. that a crash occurred in the city's entertainment district, [Detective Kathy] Collins said. She said Leyritz was driving a 2006 Ford Expedition when he collided at an intersection with 30-year-old Fredia Ann Veitch of Plantation, who was driving a 2000 Mitsubishi Motero.
Veitch was ejected from the car, police said. She died at Broward General Medical Center, Collins said.
Witnesses told police Leyritz had a red light. Officers on the scene observed Leyritz to have red, watery eyes, a flushed face and an odor of alcohol, police said.
Leyritz was apparently out celebrating his 44th birthday. So all together now:
Happy birthday to you,
Happy birthday to you,
Happy birthday, you stupid fucking idiot,
It really should have been you
Woman Dead After Jim Leyritz Crash [The Smoking Gun]
Ex-Yankee Leyritz Charged With DUI, Killing Another Driver [Yahoo! Sports]


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------------------------ Data sampling system send r to read disk send s to start samplingsend q to stop samplingReady.....-------------------------MMC/SD initialization failed
would it be possible to use the SD card as the storage location for the sketch code?
maybe in a dual core setup.
and why limit it to fat if raw works fine?


text: Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums :: View topic - Hey...please read this letter!!! Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Hey...please read this letter!!! Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Making Friends View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message snug-heeJoined: 11 Jul 2003Posts: 2 Posted: Mon Jul 14, 2003 8:42 pm Post subject: Hey...please read this letter!!! Hey...please read this letter!!! I'm sung-hee and I'm from south korea I'm 17 years old I,m a Korean-German girs' vocational high school student. I like playing the piano and listening to music. How about you? I want exchange e-mail through internet.so I Thank you for reading my letter. Have a nice day~ Bye~ e-mail: [email protected] Back to top soo-aJoined: 14 Jul 2003Posts: 1 Posted: Tue Jul 15, 2003 4:47 am Post subject: hi~♡ hi~ ^0^// Hi~ nice to meet you . My name is soo-a. I'm 17 , and go to highschool girl, I'm from south korea I like music, and making food and flower. l like sleeping. so please send me a mail? if my photo with mail send to you^-^+ ok? have a nice day^-^+// Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Making Friends All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Student Forums----------------ComputersCurrent NewsCultureEnglish SchoolsFamilyFilm and CinemaFoodHealth and FitnessHelp CenterHobbiesHolidaysLearning EnglishLiteratureMaking FriendsMusicOpinionsPetsScienceSportsThe Strange and MysteriousTOEFL and Other English ExamsTravel You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Dave's ESL Cafe is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Banner Advertising | Bookstore / Alta Books | FAQs | Articles | Interview with Dave Copyright © 2018 Dave's ESL Cafe | All Rights Reserved | Contact Dave's ESL Cafe | Site Map Teachers College, Columbia University: Train to Teach English Here or Abroad Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group


text:
Some light relief from the normal postings about electronic trading and suchlike….
People movin' out
People movin' in
Why, because of the colour of their skin
Run, run, run, but you sho' can't hide
An eye for an eye
A tooth for a tooth
Vote for me, and I'll set you free
Rap on brother, rap on
Well, the only person talkin'
'Bout love thy brother is the preacher
And it seems,
Nobody is interested in learnin'
But the teacher
Segregation, determination, demonstration,
Integration, aggravation,
Humiliation, obligation to our nation
Ball of Confusion
That's what the world is today…
The sale of pills are at an all time high
Young folks walk around with
Their heads in the sky
Cities aflame in the summer time
And, the beat goes on…
Air pollution, revolution, gun control,
Sound of soul
Shootin' rockets to the moon
Kids growin' up too soon
Politicians say more taxes will
Solve everything
And the band played on…
So round 'n' round 'n' round we go
Where the world's headed, nobody knows
Just a Ball of Confusion
Oh yeah, that's what the world is today
Fear in the air, tension everywhere
Unemployment rising fast,
The Beatles' new record's a gas
And the only safe place to live is
On an Indian reservation
And the band played on…
Eve of destruction, tax deduction
City inspectors, bill collectors
Mod clothes in demand,
Population out of hand
Suicide, too many bills,
Hippies movin' to the hills
People all over the world, are shoutin'
"End the war"
And the band played on…
Copyright 1970 Jobete Music Company, Inc.
That's the lyrics for the Temptations song Ball of Confusion (That's What the World is Today). You may have heard the song played over one of the scenes in the film "Tropic Thunder".
Forty one years later everything still seems relevant. Apart from no-one is firing rockets at the moon.


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Round up your herds of exploding animals and defend your precious eggs from marauding aliens. Use the special skills of different animal types to find secret areas and blast your foes into oblivion in 80 destructible levels.
Get more for your money with Cross-Buy - purchase this game for PS4 and get the PlayStation Vita version at no extra cost. Then continue your saved game anywhere with Cross-Save between both versions.
See it in action


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For the third consecutive season, we are proud to introduce the Deadspin Baseball Season Previews. Yes, baseball is awfully close now; it's spring training, after all.
Every weekday until the start of the season, a different writer will preview his/her team. We asked a gaggle of writers, from the Web, from print, from books, to tell us, in as many or as little words as they need, Where Their Team Stands. This is not meant to be factual, or dispassionate, or even logical: We just asked them to riff on why they love their team so much, or what their team means to them, or whatever.
Today: The Milwaukee Brewers. Your author is Dan Kois.
Dan Kois edits Vulture, New York magazine's arts and culture blog. He maintains that the Brewers would have won it all last year if they'd only grown a few more mustaches. His words are after the jump.
What's going on? Ned Yost here. I'm the manager of the Milwaukee Fucking Brewers. You may remember us as the team that hadn't made the playoffs for 25 years, and a lot of people thought we would make it last year, but we didn't. We led the NL Central almost wire to wire, but blew it in the end. Why? Well, there's a lot of reasons.
The fact is, it's mostly our fans' fault that we couldn't pull the division out. Our team is young, and the fans put a lot of pressure on the players to do things they're just not capable of doing. For instance, the fans really get on Derrick Turnbow over simple things like ever throwing strikes. As I've said before, I wish everyone would just leave the kid alone.
If it isn't our fans' fault, it's definitely Bill Hall's fault. All I asked that kid to do was switch from the infield to center field, then benched him twice when he was hitting poorly. Then platooned him. Then benched him for a month. You know what I always say: team MVP in 2006? I don't give two fucks. What have you done for me lately, besides switching positions and playing hurt?
It if isn't Bill Hall's fault, it's definitely the bullpen's fault. All I did was demand they pitch three or more innings nearly every game, no matter what, and how did they repay me? By blowing a lead dozens of times over the course of the season, and completely falling apart by season's end.
If it isn't the bullpen's fault, it's definitely the umpires' fault. They're the ones who threw me out of games three times in the season's final week. Oh, and Tony La Russa's fault. He's the one who had his pitcher bean Prince Fielder in a critical game, causing me to order a hit on Albert Pujols with us trailing in the eighth inning. How was I supposed to know that the pitcher I put in afterwards, Derrick Turnbow, would be unable to put the ball over the plate? I'd do it again if I had to. I'll do anything for my players. Anything. Also, Derrick Turnbow is a fucking jerk for not throwing strikes.
At any rate, things look good for this season. We made some big-deal free agent signings — Mike Cameron and Eric Gagne. Sure, Cameron is missing the first 25 games of the season for popping greenies, and Gagne's inclusion in the Mitchell Report explains why he has kind of sucked the past few years. We also traded our starting catcher for Guillermo Mota, who pitched terribly for the Mets last season once he finished his 50-game suspension for substance abuse. But I'm pleased with all three guys, and I'll tell you why. We need some fucking tough guys on this team, and I when I think tough guys, I think drug abusers. Who was better than Paul Molitor on those early-80s Brewers teams I used to play on? Nobody, and that muhfucker was higher than a kite every day he took the field!
It's clear that the fans and the management in Milwaukee have my back this year. Hardly anyone wrote articles blaming me for our collapse last year. The general manager gave me a vote of confidence by hiring Ted Simmons, a more experienced version of me — in fact, the guy who taught me everything I know — to be bench coach. And I've got a steady stock of Robert E. Lee quotes to get me through the season. The fact is, our bullpen could blow a hundred games this year and we'd still win the division. We still have math on our side.