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The '47 Percent' and the Fundamental Attribution Error
There are a number of things wrong with Mitt Romney's now infamous suggestion that the 47 percent of Americans who don't pay federal income tax will automatically support larger government, because those "who are dependent upon government, who believe that they are victims, who believe the government has a responsibility to care for them" can never be persuaded to "take personal responsibility and care for their lives." For one, as both Matt Yglesias and Ezra Klein note, the people who aren't paying income tax are overwhelmingly either college‐aged or elderly retirees who aren't making much taxable income, not able‐bodied layabouts in their 30s and 40s. In other words, they're mostly not some distinct parasite class, but rather ordinary, hard‐working people who either already have paid or will soon be paying quite substantial taxes.
The deeper mistake, however, is what social psychologists have dubbed the "fundamental attribution error": the nigh universal human tendency to ascribe actions and outcomes to immutable personal characteristics rather than situational factors. We assume too quickly that someone behaves kindly or callously because they are a "kind person" or a "callous person"—yet research suggests that minor variations in circumstances can elicit either type of behavior from the very same people.
Presumably there are some people out there who really do just shun responsibility and think others should work to provide them with life's necessities—but it's hard to believe they're more than a very tiny fraction of the millions who depend in some way on government benefits. Most of them are just responding rationally to the circumstances of the world they live in. In a society where young people know they'll soon be taxed to support educational subsidies, of course they'll accept the government college loans they'll later be expected to fund. In a society where the payroll taxes that support a government pension system leave workers with 15.3 percent less in their paychecks to save and invest for old age, of course they're going to rely heavily on the system they've been paying into when they retire. But to infer that this reveals something about people's desire for big government is a little like wondering why 18th century Americans were so much fonder of agriculture than we are. People mostly live in the world that's presented to them.
This is an equal opportunity observation, however. Progressives, after all, often make essentially the same fallacious argument as Romney, though usually not put quite as offensively: if you benefit from government largesse—whether in the form of direct supports like Social Security and Medicare, or because the state "generously" offers to spare your earnings through tax credits or deductions—then obviously you're logically required to fall to your knees in gratitude, and you must be either confused or some kind of hypocrite if you perversely persist in supporting smaller government. Net recipients of government aid, in this view, ought to have the political commitments Romney wrongly ascribed to them.
All of this seems confused. People want goods like health care and financial security. In a social and political environment where those things are provided by government, people will accept them from government. In an environment where they're provided by the private sector, people will acquire them privately. In the long run, the nature of the broader system will probably influence the frequency in the population of deeper character traits and dispositions like responsibility or resilience—but you can't legitimately infer a whole lot about people's preferences between systems from their behavior within systems.


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Help SSFPD Officer Chon & His Family
**EDIT** Robby has been moved from the ICU! I cannot thank all of you enough for the support and positive vibes. I'll keep you all updated as the updates come in.-Chris
If you're reading this, you already know who I am and what I'm about. But, if you don't know me, my name is Chris Swinney. I'm a deputy sheriff with the San Mateo County Sheriff's Office with a soft spot for the men and women in blue. These gofundme accounts are happening far too much across our great country, but this one hit me right in the gut and knocked the wind out of me. I've been compelled, along with others,to take immediate action.
My academy mate and friend, SSFPD Officer Robby Chon, was attacked in South San Francisco yesterday. Robbie was struck in the head with a skateboard and as a result, he's in intensive care. It's too early to know what the outcome of this tragic event will be, but I know we can help him and his family through this terrible ordeal if we work together and show our support. Obviously, as I receive updates of his condition, I will share them with all of you.
Whatever money raised will go directly, in it's entirety, to Robbie and his wonderful family. The money will be used to help off-set any medical costs or unexpected bills that will pop up during this difficult time. Robbie is the kind of man who'd give you the shirt off his back, it's time we return the favor.
Robbie doesn't know this because I never shared it with him, but he was one of the few guys who inspired me at the police academy. Without him, I might not have finished. He would run our PT (physical training) and often did his famous, "Chon Kickers." That exercise kicked my butt, but it was well worth it. His view and take on life, with friends, family, and complete strangers, has always been top-notch and pleasant. His career has been example of what it means to be a "go to" officer, leader, and teammate. Raising any amount of money for Robbie and his family won't make things entirely right again in the short-term, but it would help.
I feel a great sense of pain and sadness knowing he's fighting for his life in a hospital right now, but I will not quit on him now, or ever. Robbie would not be happy that I started this gofundme thing, it's not the type of thing he would like because he's the most unselfish person you'd ever meet. But, he's the kind of guy you can't help but want to help, and he needs our help now.
This effort is not me alone. SSFPD Officer Chris Devan and the entire SSFPD Administration is pulling for one of it's finest officers to make a full recovery and survive this malicious attack. I can tell you that the entire San Mateo County Sheriff's Office, Daly City Police Department, Colma Police Department, Broadmoor Police Department, California Highway Patrol, Burlingame Police Department, San Mateo Police Department, San Bruno Police Department, BART PD, and the remaining law enforcement agencies along the Peninsula and throughout the state are pulling for him to make it through this. With your help, we might be able to turn this tragedy into something a little better. I'm not asking that you break your bank, and I know the Holiday Season is among us, but any amount would be greatly appreciated.
Please consider donating to this cause for SSFPD Officer Robbie Chon and his family. The entire law enforcement community would be grateful for any support you can show his way.
**IF you would like to donate a check or offline, you can do so by sending a check made out to "South San Francisco Police Association" with "Injured Officer Chon Fund" on the memo line to:
Sgt. Sean Curmi
SSF Police Association
33 Arroyo Drive
South San Francisco, CA 94080
Chris Swinney (SMCSO Deputy Sheriff)
Chris Devan (SSFPD Officer)
Hey everyone. Folks have been asking me about where the money that is being donated to this cause will go or what the money will be used for. I applaud these questions.
It's important to understand that I started this cause to help my friend and his family while he fights for his life. This is not the first gofundme account for an officer and sadly, it won't be the last. I'm praying, as are many of you, that Robbie survives this senseless attack. None of us know what will happen as of right now.
I don't want to consider this option, but there is a chance Robbie won't survive. If he recovers, he might not be able to return to duty. He might also return to duty, but on a limited basis. The road to recovery for him is long and arduous. All we can do is hope and pray.
All the donated money will be used for various things such as: medical bills and expenses that are not covered by his medical overage (not everything is always covered), his wife obviously cannot work right now and neither can Robbie, they have bills like a mortgage, utilities, food, costs for their kids, car payments, etc that this money can help off-set, if Robbie can't return to work, any money donated will help the family transition to a much different lifestyle and way of life, insurance policies and life insurance plans take months to sort through and to get money to the beneficiary, this money will be used for any unexpected bills that might come up while this chaotic time unfolds, some of the money could be used for college funds for his two children, and lastly, for stuff I cannot think about right now. I assure you, no one is being forced to donate and this cause is valid.
As it stands, the money will be moved from the gofundme account to the SSFPD POA and delivered to Robbie or his beneficiary. I hope this answers some of your questions.

subset: commoncrawl


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AKIBA BEN JOSEPH, ALPHABET OF (called also Otiot de-Rabbi Akiba, Midrash or Haggadah de-R. Akiba):(Redirected from OTIYYOT DE-RABBI AḲIBA.)
The title of a Midrash on the names of the letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Two versions or portions of the same exist: Version A, considered by Jellinek to be the older form, by Bloch thought to be of a much more recent origin, introduces the various letters as contending with each other for the honor of forming the beginning of creation (bereshit). It is based upon Gen. R. i. and Cant. R. on v. 11, according to which Aleph complained before God that Bet was preferred to it, but was assured that the Torah of Sinai, the object of creation, would begin with Aleph (Anoki = I am); it, however, varies from the Midrash Rabbot. The letters, beginning with the last, Tav, and ending with Bet, all assert their claim to priority. First Tav, as being the initial letter of Torah: it is told that it will be the mark on the forehead of the wicked (Ezek. ix. 4, Shab. 55a). Then Shin, as the initial letter of Shem ("the Name") and Shaddai ("Almighty"), puts in its claim: it is told that it is also the first letter of sheḲer ("falsehood"). Resh as the initial letter of rosh ("the beginning of thy word is truth," Ps. cxix. 160) and of Raḥum ("the Merciful One") next makes its demands; but it is told that rosh or Resh also occurs in evil things (Num. xiv. 4, Dan. ii. 32, Heb.) and is the initial also of resh'a ("wickedness"). Next comes ḳoph, as the beginning of Ḳadosh ("holy"); but it is also the first letter of Ḳelalah ("curse"). So all the rest complain; each having some claim, which is, however, at once refuted, until Beth, the initial letter of berakah ("blessing" and "praise"), is chosen. Whereupon Aleph is asked by the Most High why it alone showed modesty in not complaining; and it is assured that it is the chief of all letters, denoting the oneness of God, and that it shall have its place at the beginning of the Sinaitic revelation. This competition is followed by a haggadic explanation of the form of the various letters and by interpretations of the different compositions of the alphabet: AT BSH, AḤS BṬ'A, and AL BM.Version B of "Alphabet."
Version B is a compilation of allegoric and mystic Haggadahs suggested by the names of the various letters, the component consonants being used as acrostics (notarikon). Thus Aleph (
Both versions are given as a unit in the Amsterdam edition of 1708, as they probably originally belonged together. Version A shows more unity of plan, and, as Jellinek ("B. H." vi. 40) has shown, is older. It is directly based upon, if not coeval with, Shab. 104a, according to which the school-children in the time of Joshua b. Levi (the beginning of the third century) were taught in such mnemonic forms which at the same time suggested moral lessons. Jellinek even thinks that the Midrash was composed with the view of acquainting the children with the alphabet, while the Shabu'ot festival (Pentecost) furnished as themes God, Torah, Israel, and Moses. On the other hand, version B (which Grätz, "Monatsschrift," viii. 70 et seq., considered as being the original, and the Hebrew "Enoch," and the "Shi'ur ḳomah" as sections of it) shows no inner unity of plan, but is simply a compilation of haggadic passages taken at random from these and other cabalistic and midrashic works without any other connection than the external order of the letters of the alphabet, but also based on Shab. 104a. Jellinek has shown the time of its composition to be comparatively modern, as is evidenced by the Arabic form of the letters and other indications of Arabic life. It has, however, become especially valuable as the depository of these very cabalistic works, which had come near falling into oblivion on account of the gross anthropomorphic views of the Godhead expressed therein, which gave offense to the more enlightened minds of a later age. It was on this account that the Alphabet of R. Akiba was made an object of severe attack and ridicule by Solomon ben Jeroham, the Karaite, in the first half of the tenth century. Version A was likewise known to Judah Hadassi, the Karaite, in the thirteenth century (see Jellinek, "B. H." iii., xvii. 5).
As to Akiba's authorship, this is claimed by the writers of both versions, who begin their compositions with the words, "R. Akiba hath said." The justification for this pseudonymous title was found in the fact that, according to the Talmud (Men. 29b), Moses was told on Sinai that the ornamental crown of each letter of the Torah would be made the object of halakic interpretation by Akiba ben Joseph, and that according to Gen. R. i., he and R. Eliezer as youths already knew how to derive higher meaning from the double form of the letters
In fact, there exists a third version, called Midrash de-R. Akiba 'al ha-Taggin we-Ẓiyunim, a Midrash of R. Akiba treating on the ornamentations of the letters of the alphabet with a view to finding in each of them some symbolic expression of God, Creation, the Torah, Israel, and the Jewish rites and ceremonies. This version is published in Jellinek's "B. H." v. 31-33.
- Bloch, in Winter and Wünsche's Jüd. Lit. iii. 225-232, where specimens in German are given.
- On the various editions see Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. col. 519;
- S. Wiener, Bibliotheca Friedlandiana, p. 71;
- Imber, Letters of Rabbi Akiba; or, the Jewish Primer as it Was Used in the Public Schools Two Thousand Years Ago, in Report of U. S. Commissioner of Education, 1895-96, pp. 701-719, Washington, 1897.


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Customizing SMF > Graphics and Templates
Helping us to help you
(1/2) > >>
Hey Everyone,
I thought I'd just take a moment from reading the Graphics and Templates support topics and from noticing this in recent weeks that I feel a small tips that'll help you get your problems resolved much faster.
For diagnosing the problem you're having, it'd help if in your first post, you outlined which version you're running, this could be 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 or 2.1 (though I hope you're not running 1.0 :P). These versions have very different templates, and position things differently.
Like versions, we'd also need to know the specific theme you're running. Some designers like to modify as many templates as they can, or just totally edit the file to hell, so we'd need to know what the code looks like within that file.
Also, when outlining your problem, please be as descriptive as possible. Tell us what happens (or doesn't happen), and what do you expect to happen, and any other relevant details.
In my years, one thing I've come across very often is a Parse Error. These can be easy fixes, so when asking for help with these, please include the line the error is on, plus ten lines either side of that line eg, if the error is on line 45, then include lines 35 through 55.
I hope these tips will help you in your theming needs.
-Gary M. Gadsdon
This is an issue that has been happening for quite a while - personally I think there should be an "info box" above the post input textbox with a reminder that it is easier and quicker to receive help if smf version, theme, a link etc. are included in posts when asking for help.
Thanks for the inforamtion.
Hi, I am new this forum. i read your solution. but i am not clear this line " you outlined which version you're running"
It means exactly that. When you're describing your problem, tell us which version of SMF you're using.
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Irish Kiss
A short and powerful digestif led with anise and vanilla notes lifted by fresh floral elderflower and peach,
allowing the lighter oaked fruit character of The Wild Geese Rare Irish Whiskey to shine through.
50ml The Wild Geese Rare Irish Whiskey 10ml Elderflower cordial
10ml Galliano 3 dashes peach bitters
Rinse tumbler with Galliano and discard, shake remaining ingredients with ice and strain into tumbler.
Snap lemon zest on top.


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Lego is releasing a new line of Star Wars sets called Microfighters, where characters get awesome mini-versions of ships like the Millennium Falcon and Star Destroyers to jet around in. The reason you care besides the fact that Star Wars Legos are great, is because this new commercial for them rules.
Seriously, Disney. When you re-release the movies, if you just want to splice this in over The Phantom Menace's podracing sequence, that'd be fine with us.


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A Newbie Saver#giveaways #deals #save money #coupons and free samples
34 votes
1,380 visits
Welcome to Picket Fence Blogs! Our site provides you with the top lifestyle blogs on the web. Feel free to just look around, or add your own blog so others can find you and benefit from what you have to say. Plus, it's free to join!


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On a break…
I am off for the next two days, so the Blue Jays beat will be in the hands of Erika Gilbert for the first two games of this Interleague set against the Reds at the Rogers Centre. The blog will be quiet until I return to the pressbox on Thursday. You can still follow my updates on Twitter. Find me under @MLBastian.
1 Comment
Now this is just pure speculation but Joey Votto was having deppression issues because he felt the pressure of not being able to be a father figure to his little brothers in Toronto. Would the reds purly in his best interest be willing to trade him to Toronto?
Maybe something like:
Rios+ Cambell = Votto
Overbay +Snider = Votto


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The Cross & the Pen: Author Linda Secrest McDowell
- Eva Marie Everson Author & Contributing Writer
- 2005 19 Feb
Welcome to The Cross & The Pen, Crosswalk.com's author-to-author interview! Today I'm talking to Lucinda Secrest McDowell, whose book, "What We've Learned So Far, Thoughts on Turning 50 from Today's Favorite Christian Women Leaders" (Cook, 2005), is certainly a favorite among those on my bookshelves.
Fifty looms on the horizon. I can hardly begin to believe I'm saying that, but I am and it does.
Fifty. Half a century. I would say "middle age," but very few live to be a hundred, so technically, we're beyond the halfway mark.
But, like forty, which carries with it a certain "now you can take me seriously," fifty brings about a precious new season in life. One that says, "I'm wiser now … " and "It's time to show the world — and myself — just who it is that I am."
When my friend told me she was writing a book about what the top women in Christian leadership think about turning fifty, I was impressed. Because, you see, I now know better than ever that it's the knowledge that makes the difference. Knowledge gives birth to wisdom because wisdom is oftentimes knowledge with a price tag.
So, I sat down with "Cindy" to ask her a few questions about her book. Wanna listen in?
Eva Marie: Cindy, what an excellent idea! Tell me the truth, did you wake up on your fiftieth birthday and think, "I should write a book about this?"
Lucinda (Cindy): I began "preparing" to turn 50 long before the actual date. I realized that it would be an important milestone and so a few years before I actually sat down and wrote seven important lessons I believed I had learned so far, lessons which are so significant that I believe they have helped to shape who I am. Then I began reflecting on how I had learned these lessons, almost always the hard way! So I wrote stories to illustrate each one. My purpose was to be an encouragement (and a challenge) to the other 4 million baby boomers who were also reaching this important milestone and beginning to ask some hard questions about their lives. It was on my actual 50th birthday that I signed the contract for the book, so I was actually 51 when it premiered.
Eva Marie: Well, we'll cut you some slack on that (smiling). "What We've Learned So Far" has the tagline: "Thoughts on Turning 50 from Today's Favorite Christian Women Leaders." Who are some of those women?
Cindy: Obviously no one of us has a handle on wisdom or even truth, so I began thinking of my many peers, women in my age group who also write and speak and teach. I contacted each of these folks and invited them to be part of the project, to share one story depicting how they experienced the importance of one of these seven lessons of life. I'm delighted to have 50 contributors in the book such as Carol Kent, Anne Graham Lotz, Joni Eareckson Tada, Martha Bolton, Carole Lewis, Patsy Clairmont, Cheri Fuller, Becky Pippert, Jan Karon, Charlene Baumbich, Luci Swindoll, Gail MacDonald, Karen Mains, and many, many more.
Eva Marie: Wow! Cindy, think about what some of us would do just to sit down and have conversations with a few of these women. That alone makes the book so valuable!
Cindy: I think so, too.
Eva Marie: You say in the introduction that you now embrace seven important "life truths." What are they?
Cindy: Who I Am Is More Important Than What I Do, God is in Control, Relationship Are to Be Cherished, Freedom Is Found in Simplicity. Pain Either Destroys or Transforms ...
Eva Marie: Isn't that the truth. …
Cindy: (continues) Life Is Full of Surprises and Perseverance Pays Off.
Eva Marie: I shout "amen!" to all of these! How did you come up with them?
Cindy: Like I mentioned earlier, I spent quite a bit of time in prayer and reflection in my late forties as I was looking back over my own life and looking ahead, determined to embrace and invest in only those things that truly matter. That helped me pare down to basics, which became these seven truths. There's nothing particularly earth shattering about them, in fact they seem quite ordinary, but I believe they bear repeating and lifting up to others so that we all can realize that we are given a chance at making life count for now and more importantly for eternity. None of us knows how much time we have and therefore none of us wants to waste it, right?
Eva Marie: Who are you hoping will read this book and what are you hoping they'll obtain from it?
Cindy: I hope this book will be read by women (and sure, even men) who consider themselves in a time of life evaluation. For many of us this is midlife, but this book works well for younger women also who just want to get a head start on wisdom. I hope that the real life stories by real women who have chosen to fully commit their lives, their families and their professions to God, will spur others to embrace all that God has for them as well. I strongly believe that it is never too late to write the story of the rest of your life. So my message to everyone whether I'm speaking or writing is that Life is hard. God is good, all the time.
Eva Marie: I would think it would be a great book to give to younger women … those in their late twenties or early thirties especially. That is such a difficult time, anyway … so many changes and we can use a little wisdom at that stage. I remember those women who were in their fifties who mentored me when I was younger and it meant everything. Sometimes the difference in holding it together and totally falling apart.
So, okay, be honest. Do you have a favorite story?
Cindy: Actually I probably have at least one favorite story from each section of the book but I won't play favorites in this interview.
Eva Marie: Ah … that's very wise of you!
Cindy: I will say that my own final story in the last section "Perspective" is one that literally changed my life and gave me a tremendous insight into God's sovereign purposes and how He works continually to orchestrate His will in the lives of His loved ones. This particular incident happened at a time I most need to hear from Him, and I rejoice that God spoke to me through a totally unexpected encounter with someone who shared with me a deathbed prayer twenty years before and how I was unwittingly the answer to that prayer. I'm still moved when I write this. But the truth is that God desires to speak to all of us in these sorts of ways and to confirm His will. Most of us just aren't listening or taking time to look for Him in our everyday encounters.
Eva Marie: That is so true. (Smiles) Well, that does it, my friend. Thank you so much for being a part of my life, doing this interview, and for having the idea for this book in the first place! Good job!
Author and National Conference Speaker Lucinda Secrest McDowell presents contagious joy and hope through her humorous and profound "encouraging words that transform." In great demand as a speaker, Cindy has not only written for 50+ different magazines and collaborated on a dozen books, but she also authored five of her own: "Quilts From Heaven", "Amazed By Grace", "Women's Spiritual Passages", "A Southern-Style Christmas" , and "What We've Learned So Far" – earning Mt. Hermon's "Writer of the Year" award.
Award-winning national speaker, Eva Marie Everson is a recent graduate of Andersonville Theological Seminary. Her work includes


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Nicolas Cage will reteam with director Dominic Sena for the supernatural thriller "Season of the Witch" for Relativity Media.
Story chronicles the journey of 14th century knights transporting a girl suspected of being the witch responsible for spreading the Black Plague.
Bragi Schut Jr. penned the screenplay.
Film, which had been in development at Columbia Pictures, will be produced by Atlas Entertainment's Charles Roven and Alex Gartner.
Shooting is scheduled to begin in early November in Austria and Hungary.
"Season of the Witch" marks the second collaboration between Atlas and Ryan Kavanaugh's Relativity. Earlier this year, the two companies brought the Jason Statham starrer "The Bank Job" to the bigscreen.
Cage previously worked with Sena on "Gone in Sixty Seconds."


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BOZEMAN, Mont. (AP) Brian Bell threw for 254 yards and three touchdowns and Sam Houston State cruised to a 34-16 FCS playoff quarterfinal win over Montana State on Friday night.
The Bearkats (10-3) took advantage of Jon Ellis' fumble on a first down reception to take control of the game late in the third quarter. MSU (11-2) had cut SHSU's lead to 20-9 on its first drive of the second half only to see the turnover set up a touchdown pass from Bell to Chance Nelson giving SHSU a 27-9 lead.
SHSU running back Tim Flanders had 106 yards on 31 carries.
Richard Sincere scored on a 12-yard run for the Bearkats in the second half. Trey Diller scored on a 56-yard touchdown pass from Bell. The Bearkats led 20-3 at the end of the first half.
Sam Houston will face the winner between Eastern Washington and Illinois State.
Sam Houston State eliminated Montana State in the quarterfinals for the second straight year. Last season, the Bearkats routed the Bobcats 49-13.


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Christian Apologetics resources and structured learning programs for Christians serious about studying, teaching, and defending their faith
...ALWAYS be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have...do this with gentleness and with respect."
1 Peter 3:15b
How 'Christian Apologetics' Changed My Life...
For so long I was a 'timid' Christian - I loved Christ with all my heart, but couldn't explain why! Is it just because I was raised in a Christian home? Does this mean that my faith is 'blind'? I found myself hoping no one would ask me why I'm a Christian.
I started to doubt. My pastor told me I 'think too much'. WHAT?? Does Christ expect us to shut off our brains?
Then I read the following verse in a different way than ever before...
"Love God with all your...mind..." Mark 12:29-30
Surely if He tells us this He expects us to use our minds, right? This implies logic, reason, Truth, and maybe even evidence, doesn't it? Well, I had to find out how to reconcile this dilemma of mine...
And, if I had it all wrong, what about others? We all know how Christians are treated in the world today. Sam Harris says Christians suffer from a 'mental illness'! Ned Flanders - the token Christian on The Simpsons - is a buffoon! Worst of all, look what happens to people when they get it all wrong!
Well - After some serious study... I have come to believe that...
Christianity is the ONLY thing in life that actually 'Makes Sense'!
So - to paraphrase Descarte...
'Cogito, Ergo Credo!'
(I Think, Therefore I Believe!)
The Greek 'apologia' simply means to give an 'answer' - this is the word that Peter uses above. Apologetics is the study of the REASONS and EVIDENCES for the Christian Faith. Apologetics should be studied by every believer, not just because it is a clear command from the Bible, but because a proper knowledge of what we believe and why will:
- Help strengthen our personal faith
- Prepare us for personal evangelism
- Prepare us for times of spiritual trial
- Help build up the Church via informed teaching and mentoring
- Project the Truth to a world who completely
misunderstands the real Christian message
We demolish arguments and every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God, and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ."
2 Corinthians 10:5
what the church needs now...is intellectual leadership!
Christ's Church is being marginalized by the world! If Christianity is the path to the Truth, then it MUST be on solid intellectual ground! But unfortunately many Churches have given up this battle. Many Churches teach the basics OF Christianity, but many need help moving into the profound depths of the faith - and that's where you and I come in.
To be effective in equipping young people and professionals to face the challenges of a highly educated secular society, the Church needs to redefine the mission of pastors and youth leaders to include training in apologetics and worldview...Pastors must once again provide intellectual leadership for their congregations, teaching apologetics from the pulpit...A religion that avoids the intellectual task and retreats to the therapeutic realm of personal relationships and feelings will not survive in today's spiritual battlefield."
Nancy Pearcy; Total Truth: Liberating Christianity from its Cultural Captivity
MY COMMITMENT TO YOU is to provide FREE reference materials to you on this site, as well as the highest quality direct study resources in a format that is easily understandable, explanable and teachable, and with a method that can be extended to those whom you choose to teach and mentor.
MY CHALLENGE TO YOU is to look through the site, consider the answers presented, begin the discussions that lead to productive Christian thought leading to maturity and fruit, and LEAD THE WAY at your local church.
We do this Soli Deo Gloria; I pray that you will join me in making a difference for the Kingdom of God.
And the things you have heard me say in the presence of many witnesses entrust to reliable men who will also be qualified to teach others."
2 Timothy 2:2
Start here - in an overview of Christian Apologetics. Don't forget to look over these Hard Questions that people have contemplated over the years...
When you're ready to begin studying or teaching, look here for my curriculum that is available...
Don't forget to let me know what you think!
Grace and Peace to you, and GOD BLESS you in your ministry and studies!


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It starts with the chirping of crickets and the sound of a flute. Frogs join in the chorus, then
in comes some isicathamiya harmonising.
Suddenly a voice so fragile, so haunting, starts to sing in isiXhosa. It sweeps you up, catapulting you through a sonic world.
For indie-folk fans, Bon Iver is a good reference point. For African folk fans, think a psychedelic Vusi Mahlasela.
The song is Hamba Nami Part 1 from Bongeziwe Mabandla's debut album, Umlilo, and it has to be one of 2012's finest openings to a South African album.
So who exactly is the 27-year-old Mabandla?
To find out, I headed across Jo'burg one Friday morning to his flat in Yeoville, which has panoramic views of the city.
Mabandla has just moved in and the flat is still bare, except for a small rug on the wooden floor and the really important stuff: his black guitar, a music stand with notes for a half-written song that is "coming out in little bits" and a bookshelf stuffed with African authors such as Wole Soyinka and Ben Okri, as well as a copy of The Bang Bang Club.
"I come from KuTsolo, a small Eastern Cape town," says Mabandla as he sips a cup of rooibos tea.
I later find out that KuTsolo means "pointed" and that the town is named after the shape of the hills in the area.
I ask him how big it is. Mabandla stares at me. "I'm not so good with that kind of thing. It's a small town; no white people and maybe two coloured families. There was one paved road that ran through the town where the shops were.
"As rural as it was, it was a very intellectual place; it was aspirational. My mother was a lecturer … It's weird I notice now that a lot of my friends from KuTsolo are now doctors and accountants."
Mabandla's first musical love was Brenda Fassie's My Friend Is Dangerous. Before that, it was all school and church music.
Then friends started to listen to Boyz II Men and he started to pay attention to the structure of songs and how words were used.Another early influence was the video for Thath'isigubhu by Bongo Maffin.
"I was this young kid and I checked out this video. I was so impressed by what they were doing. There was something very artistic about it."
The video features a sound-system party in a corrugated iron shack.Thandiswa Mazwai looks seductive, covered in henna tattoos. Later in the video she loses her locks in a communal band-shearing endeavour.
"That was the first CD I bought, the first T-shirt I bought, the first show I went to, the first poster on my wall …" Mabandla was quite simply star-struck.
"Thandiswa means a lot to me and what I do. Until her, all the videos were very Eurocentric. She was the first person I saw who was bringing this dope black, beautiful artistic vibe."
It is a common thread that pops up in our conversation — the importance of positive black role models who change people's perceptions about what it means to be young and black in South Africa.
Chance encounters
After school, Mabandla left for Jo'burg to study drama at the South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance, better known as Afda. At the time, acting was the big love of his life.
At Afda, Mabandla started getting into writing and performing songs. He tells a story about a teacher who pulled him aside and told him that he could see something special in him. The affirmation was important for the 20-year old.
"I really took that seriously. I just started writing."
After graduating, Mabandla found himself with too much time on his hands and no real musical direction. He became depressed.
A chance encounter at a Melville convenience store would change all that — he ran into Paulo Chibanga and convinced the 340ml drummer to help him to start recording. "I just hoped he would take me seriously. I was working on the soapie Generations as an actor at the time just to make money."
Then Sony snapped him up from Chibanga's 340ml Music stable and Umlilo was born.
There is no bad blood between him and Chibanga, Mabandla says. "Paulo is my brother; he even negotiated this deal for me."
So what to expect from Umlilo?
"My work is a lot about self-esteem and it's rooted in growing up in a poor background in the South African context. If I don't have things and I don't belong in certain circles, am I less? Am I not supposed to feel important? Am I always supposed to feel unimportant — the have-nots and the have-it-alls? It comes from my own lived experience.
"But I consider myself a privileged person. I came out of a good school, while others had it much worse and have more serious problems."
"At the time of the elections, I realised that we are a society that is very quick to praise people for the surface — what they drive, what they wear. We place people on pedestals without interrogating who they are.
"We are quick to make statements like 'we will die for this person', or 'we will kill for this person'."
His current single, Gunuza, is a powerful example of these feelings turning up in one of his songs.
"It's not written about one person; it's about people who are rich or in power and how their flaws are erased and they get automatic respect. It's a message to say look for the real heroes."
Still, Mabandla does not see himself as particularly political.
"I see myself as a person who writes about society. I am interested in the upliftment of people and the valuing of people, and I feel those values are degrading in South Africa and it's a very sad thing. Dignity is being stripped away from a lot people in our society."
By addressing the ills of our nation in song, Mabandla seeks catharsis. His songs are also a prayer for better times and more accountable leaders, wrapped in mesmerisingly beautiful African folk songs that are sprinkled with reggae infusions and flights of jazz.
"It's a different time; people's minds are changing. What people thought five years ago is not the same now, especially a band like The Brother Moves On. It is stuff that has not been done before."
Does he see this "brown band scene", as The Brother Moves On's Siya Mthembu coined it, and which would include the BLK JKS, Kwani Experience, Fruits & Veggies, The Brother Moves On, The Fridge, Bantu Continua Uhuru Consciousness and Dirty Paraffin, as his comrades in art?
"Yeah, man, I do feel a connection. It's how this music thing works. I'm not here with an album out because I sing nicely. I am here because of all the people who have given me a hand along the way.
"It's been people like Tumi & The Volume, Simphiwe Dana, Zuluboy, MXO, The Brother Moves On and the BLK JKS that have encouraged me and helped me out. So I like to include myself into the collective, if that's fine."
He smiles.
It's clear Mabandla draws inspiration from this great trajectory of post-democracy black South African music, but he is less sure of placing himself among his heroes' ranks.
But, although he may allow modesty to take over, it's clear to me that Mabandla is on his way towards establishing his name as another rung on the ladder.


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The aviation industry is slowly headed toward development of an unleaded replacement fuel for avgas-burning piston-powered aircraft, and a recent move by the FAA is an encouraging sign that progress will continue. The FAA recently agreed to open a new Fuels Program Office, according to NATA, that will provide "technical expertise and strategic direction in the planning, management and coordination of activities related to aviation fuels."
NATA and several other aviation associations (AOPA, EAA, GAMA and NBAA) sent a letter on August 1 to FAA acting administrator Michael Huerta, asking for the FAA's help in funding and managing efforts to find a suitable replacement for 100LL (100-octane) avgas. 100LL relies on the additive tetraethyl lead to prevent detonation in high-compression piston engines that power high-performance aircraft, and pressure from environmental groups and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has intensified scrutiny of leaded avgas.
An aviation rulemaking committee has explored the avgas issue and made recommendations to the FAA. According to the association letter to the FAA, "We are at a critical phase between consideration of the Unleaded Avgas Transition Aviation Rulemaking Committee (UAT ARC) recommendations and implementation of a fiscally responsible FAA unleaded avgas program that will achieve this objective." The letter asked Huerta to fund the FAA's avgas program with $5.5 million in the Fiscal Year 2014 budget, "not only for the economic sustainability of general aviation in the U.S., but also for its safety."
The FAA avgas program will help in two key ways. One is to demonstrate that the FAA and industry are working together on a clear path to an unleaded fuel replacement. Without that clarity, owners, operators and investors won't be motivated to maintain their aircraft and invest in new avionics and other aviation technologies. "An avgas program is also needed to support the FAA's statutory role in cooperation with the EPA to implement any lead emissions standards for aircraft it deems necessary under the Clean Air Act," according to the letter.
The UAT ARC report was submitted to the FAA earlier this year and recommended five key elements covering testing and certification of an unleaded avgas that would power the existing piston-engine fleet. The report noted that there is currently no drop-in replacement for 100LL avgas (although lower-power engines can operate on automotive unleaded gas in some aircraft, under a supplemental type certificate).
According to the associations' letter, "The FAA's direct involvement and participation in this process is critical to ensuring a fleet-wide transition to an unleaded avgas that will maintain consumer confidence and ensure the least impact on the existing fleet. The establishment of the new Fuels Program Office will ensure an efficient use of both government and industry resources and will provide a more comprehensive pathway and timeline to an unleaded fuel."
Debate Continues in California
Meanwhile, in California, the battle between the Center for Environmental Health (CEH) and fuel sellers and distributors continues. Last year, CEH, a San Francisco-based environmental group, filed notices of violation (NOVs) against California-based avgas sellers, distributors and manufacturers. California's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act requires companies that use substances known to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm to warn people who might be exposed to these substances. The act, also known as Proposition 65, allows anyone to file a citizen's enforcement action on behalf of Californians 60 days after serving the notices, unless the state attorney general brings suit first. CEH is seeking to block the sale of leaded avgas in California and wants to impose financial penalties on the companies named in the NOVs because the companies didn't warn people about the potential exposure to leaded avgas. And if CEH is successful, it will earn revenues because the law allows such organizations to receive a portion of any financial penalties imposed on the violators.
Fuel companies and FBOs have formed the CA Avgas Coalition to fight the prospect of financial penalties because of CEH's actions. Little progress has been made, and CEH and the coalition are still negotiating. "Typically, the goal with our litigation is not to have a trial but to negotiate a consent judgment, with both sides coming to an agreement that accomplishes the goals, and everybody can live with it," said Caroline Cox, research director at CEH. "That process can be time-consuming." She anticipates that any judgment will include reducing the exposure to lead and warning people about the exposure. If the exposure amount can be reduced below the state's safe harbor level, then no warning about the substance is necessary, she explained.
Some California FBOs have raised the price of avgas to cover the cost of defending against the CEH's actions. David Mills, general manager of Business Jet Center at Oakland International Airport, said, "We are part of the Avgas Coalition. It was a strategic and financial decision to join: there's strength in numbers and it's better to share defense costs than go it alone. We have increased the price of avgas by $0.25 per gallon to cover a small percentage of the cost of litigation defense."
tony nieto (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 2:41pm
This is all a bunch of pablum being fed to us by bureucrats in the FAA and people
with interests in keeping the price of avgas high. Most of our planes will perform perfectly and sometimes even better (no fouled plugs) with mogas; if we can find
non-alcohol-laced car gas. The solution is to pull the alcohol out of car gas and sell it for a lesser amount than 100LL. But that would take some of the profit out for the fuel suppliers. Simple. FBOs can supply it in self-serve fashion and thus not have labor costs associated with delivery to the user. I try find gas stations that sell pure car gas and use their product all the time in a Lyc. 0-360 with
excellent results.
Randy Berry (not verified)
November 2, 2012 - 7:32am
I basically agree with you, Tony. However, there are a few caveats. High performance GA aircraft must use 100LL. Also, let's not forget that most of our planes require an STC to burn mogas legally, which costs money ... $150 in the case of my Continental O-200. Second, I agree with later points that we must find sources of ethanol-free mogas; that's not always so easy. I would never burn gas containing ethanol in my plane. There are a few stations in SC which carry non-ethanol mogas, but I have to go out of my way to pick it up in plastic gas containers. Not only is it inconvenient, but with colder weather coming on that increases the risk of blowing myself up due to greater static electricity in the air. Also, mogas is dirtier than aviation fuel and it grows stale more quickly, so one must be careful where you buy it and how long you store it. Still, mogas is an acceptable alternative which I am evaluating more thoroughly. A few private airports here are starting to have it available to local pilots.
Robert Nicolas (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 2:54pm
How many high performance aircraft engines are there out there in the fleet? Not counting low compression non turbo charged engines...point is there are more then likely, more emissions from NASCAR then aviation. The need is to not stop the production of leaded fuel, the need is to develop more efficient engines for new aircraft and let the older ones dye a natural death....in the case of the extreme few, like classics and antiques the leaded fuel is necessary to preserve that heritage....we all know that every form of power has certain set backs....what about volcanoes and hurricanes are we going to outlaw them as well.....the impact needs to determine the fix if needed...not going after a cause, just because.....
Carl Ricard (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 7:29pm
As an owner of a Cessna 182 with a Continental O470 that has roots back to WWII I think the comment on letting the old engines die and replacing them is naive at best. These old engines still cost $25,000 or more to replace when it's overhaul time, not a minor expense; but, a bargain compared to buying a new engine, that requires custom fitting to the airplane that includes replacing everything under the cowling and possible the cowling too. That cost could easily exceed the value of the airplane.
I do have an STC for my Cessna to burn autogas but unfortunately the State of NH didn't seem to think that aviation or any other user of non-ethanol gasoline was very important and thus made no provisions to permit its sale in NH so residents of NH have spent Millions of dollars repairing engines, boats, motorcycles etc. because of ethanol damage to fuel systems and eating the higher operating cost of their aircraft. My fuel cost is doubled using 100LL vs. autogas.
The EPA never mandated NH sell gasoline with ethanol, it was a voluntary action by the NH Department of Environmental Services with total disregard to the user costs associated with its use. At the same time neither Vermont or Maine were selling autogas containing ethanol.
Note; the ethanol in autogas in added at the terminal point where the tankers fill up to deliver the autogas to service stations; this is because autogas containing ethanol has a relatively short storage life before the ethanol and gasoline begin to separate and cause fuel system damage. This life is only 3 weeks or so; a good reason to use 100LL in some equipment that's stored seasonally if you don't want to damage your fuel system. There are many articles of fuel system damage by gasoline containing ethanol that can be found on the internet.
Jay Rohrbach (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 3:11pm
The war on 100LL Avgas is a read herring - I MEAN RED HERRING.... The intent is to divert attention away from other issues and make war on aviation as well... I've gone back and forth with Waxman a number of times... He hates people who can fly (have an active pilot's license), especially those who own an aircraft, or fly and/or own a jet.... AND Jets don't even use 100LL ... there isn't enough time here to go into how that argument occurred... but suffice it to say it had to do with having him point out aircraft that use 100LL....
But lets get down to it, I was gassing airplanes, cleaning wheel bearings, and bellys of aircraft with 100LL when I was nine years old while working for my dad with a Cessna Flight School, Sales and Service center, as well as handling Bellancas.... Citabrias and Vikings. I sold my first airplane at 14 and I've been handling 100LL for 50+ years without any - AND I MEAN -ANY- side effects.
So to those paranoid about 100LL - GROW UP - and stop being so damn paranoid. Don't believe everything the Environmentalist wackos tell you. I worked for Piper in Lock Haven for almost 10 years, which is considered an environmentally ensconced area and at last note, no one had been found with birth defects for that cause - although I wouldn't put it past some folks who would sue now, since it seems we have so many people and a government that will jump at filing a suit any time, just to make money or headlines.
To those who disagree - tuff ! I have lived this issue and won't nor have the time to argue with ignorance !
Jay Rohrbach
Pottstown, Pa
BenK (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 3:11pm
The article mentions that "although lower-power engines can operate on automotive unleaded gas in some aircraft, under a supplemental type certificate".
It should be noted it's not that simple. All Auto or MoGas STC's require there to be no ethanol in the fuel used in the aircraft. Alcohol in any form attacks the seals and sealant typically used in aircraft fuel systems.
The problem that now exists is FINDING an outlet for MoGas without added ethanol. That issue alone makes it hard enough to render the practicality of using MoGas null and void.
So the STC route is not a sure thing. Far from it. The article needs to mention that for the benefit of the reader who is not intimate with the aviation industry.
kenneth Martin (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 3:18pm
hope the ffa can finds gas for planes that ues 80. ocatane
Jed Molleston (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 3:20pm
Gami's GU100UL appears, in fact, to be a drop-in replacement for 100LL. I can't speculate on why the powers that be appear to ignore the extensive testing Gami has performed, but that testing and the positive results are well documented at http://www.gami.com/g100ul/g100ul.php for all, including pilots and politicians, to see.
I'm not a shill for gami, just a pilot who wants to be able to keep flying in my piston airplane with a convenient source of fuel. I urge all pilots to check the referenced website and ask their senators and representatives why the FAA is dragging its feet on this.
Harry L Francis (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 3:43pm
My major concern about unleaded fuels is the potential of contamination with fuel oil.jet fuels,etc.
If contaminated with fuel oil, and NO LEAD, we are now faced with the potential of Algae growth in our tanks. Algae grows on copper, in fuels where there is water ( from condensation).
Lead prevents the algae growth, and algacides prevents algae growth in jet fuels; but is not added to fuel oils......
Unleaded auto fuel without ethonol, is also suseptsable to algae growth,ut prevented in modern autos, becauswe the fuel system is a closed system preventing water condensation.
So, if we get an unleaded aircraft fule, it appears to me we must also need to add an algacide, such as added to jet fuels to prevent algae growth contamination.
Dietrich Fecht (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 3:57pm
I believe it is the wrong way to insist on a special fuel for future piston engine small airplanes only. Special fuels result in high fuel prices. That is happening today and this is one main reason, why private flying is declining.
Gas engines have some benefits to diesel engines. From weight to the use in lower temperatures. I see only a future to fly SE airplanes when it would be possible to fly with auto fuels as it is sold at street gas stations.
May be it needs some restrictions to fly with automobile gas like altitude, time gas remaining in tanks unused, and more. But restrictions are not unusual. Diesel SE planes have restrictions too.
I would recommend that the FAA is not only looking to an industry and to airplane owners which rely on outdated technology. The FAA and the Organizations should look more in the further future and should enable a change in the airplane fleet based on diesel and auto street gas piston engines.
Perhaps the FAA can publish what automobile street auto gas, if any, can be used in aviation under what circumstances and restrictions to make new developments possible.
Arturo Thompson (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 7:39pm
First the environmental danger panic from lead in 100LL seems ridiculous. For 60 years ALL gasoline was leaded yet people were not dieing in the streets from lead poisoning. How could the tiny amount of TEL now being used, perhaps 1/1000 of the previous usage, have any measurable health risk?
But, since MOGAS will always be the most available and cheapest fuel available let's stop playing games and come up with modifications, where necessary, to burn out of the gasoline station pump fuel, even E-10. If we need to lower compression, retard timing, replace seals and bladders let's just do it. I can buy 91 octane right now for $3.50/gallon. I am NOT interested in an even more expensive non TEL 100 octane fuel.
D (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 8:15pm
If I'm not mistaken the Europeans having been flying on 91/96UL for years- DROP IN! So why- never mind. search : Hjelmco AVGAS 91/96 UL
Robert McVicker (not verified)
November 1, 2012 - 8:36pm
93 Octane Mogas is available, at a moderately higher cost than the gas station car gas (usually $.50 to 1.00/gal), at most marinas for boats. The cost, $4-5/gal, is still well below 100LL ($6-8/gal, depending on the region and market). The boats have the same seal problems as cars, and GA planes. Since there is a huge market of boaters using and wanting nonE10 gas, maybe a concerted marketing effort can keep costs down by aggressively approaching both populations of users.
steve minutella (not verified)
November 2, 2012 - 5:44am
I am an A&P and have been an old hot rodder for years and if these idiots in the money grubbing white house would bring back regular un tainted unleaded gas it will work fine in most planes..The problem is ethanol plain and simple is alcahol and will eat rubber seals and carb seat oring and lines as well as help to allow condensation by water,,and lord help you if you store a plane for any length of time...rust..rust..rust, in fuel bowls and strainers and carbs,,ive seen this first hand over and over. The cure is simple stop the jerks in charge if they allow ethanol vote thier ass out. I f they profit from it vote them out, if they support it vote them out..
lycoming says 93 octain non ethanol fuel has been proven to work just as well as 100ll i would recomend a slight 2 degre reduction in timing as aircraft do not have variable timing as autos do...reason tel lead provides extra lubrication and cooling under burn as it was designed for radials not a modern engine..Problem with all this is the feds wont ease up on the stc restriction for those of us who cant get one because our plane was not tested with for one,,if you make sure you use non ethanol fuel anyone should be allowed to switch .
Tom Stegink (not verified)
November 2, 2012 - 7:02am
Driving through Iowa I notice they have no-ethanol gasoline 90 Octane available at the pump, which I find remarkable given that they produce ethanol there! That supports the statement that ethanol is added locally, as in here in Michigan. If we could get a distributor to sell us the straight gasoline before ethanol is added, as in Iowa, we'd have our 80 Octane replacement fuel for the low-compression fleet. Another solution for the 100 Octane engines can then be developed over time.
Steve B (not verified)
November 2, 2012 - 11:20am
Ethanol additives to Mogas seem to seem to be the Problem. I burn 100LL exclusivly in my airplane, pay more and do the added hassle of storage etc.
The argument is just dont add the ethanol and allow us to buy ordinary gas
from a distributor. Seems simple enough. I'm not willing to tank my low time
O-300B that uses 7gph. DUH!
SIGFRIDO BUENO (not verified)
November 2, 2012 - 2:04pm
As long as we, the people, keep electing environmentalists militants, we will continuing getting ridicule rules, regulations, laws, mandates. the dream of those in the EPA is total control of the individual and restriction of the personal freedoms. they create imaginary problems based in imaginary dreams and them they mandate imaginary solutions. The problem is not the fuel, the problem is the EPA. Lets get rid of it, they exceed their mandate.
Richard M Grath (not verified)
November 2, 2012 - 4:07pm
This is a private pilot-private industry issue .
Why do we need government "expertise". Are there so few bright people left that we need more government oversight. Try asking China or Japan Perhaps, they can solve the issue.
Greg W (not verified)
November 2, 2012 - 4:41pm
The thought that most aircraft engines need tet. lead is simple folk lore. The last revision of ASTM D910 ADDED the requirment for a minimum amount of lead content, before that their was only a maximum allowable. Most 80/87 avgas was no-lead, lead was only added to meet the octane requirment batch by batch, 100LL alwas had lead but much less than allowed, hence the rapid adoption and aproval of 100VLL, it was allready being sold as 100LL. There was no major cost issue with the FBO's stocking two tpes of avgas up untill the demise of the grade 80 around 1999, BP still produces it in the U.K. by the way. Therfore a simple partial solution is to market an uleaded premium autogas as others have sugested, or the FAA approved 94UL that is not produced;(basicly the 100LL base stock with out the tet. lead). Marathon provides the eastern states with nonethanol gasoline marketed as "Recriational" in 90 and 91 MON octane. Cost is alittle more than premium car gas but often about $1.00 less than avgas.
Mungus Fractal (not verified)
November 2, 2012 - 11:01pm
Has anyone looked at or tested Auto Racing fuels? They have plenty of octane rating , they are unleaded and I believe they can be found without ethanol from all of the various manufacturers. The cost benefit is probably minimal if any but there is little doubt that they will handle the performance requirements of an aircraft engine. I am no subject matter expert by any means but they seem like a viable alternative.
matt (not verified)
November 3, 2012 - 6:34pm
The problem with using racing fuels is that they are more expensive than 100LL. At the airport where I learned to fly, the operator, at one time, had several customers that would buy avgas to run their race cars because it was cheaper than using racing fuels.
Dean (not verified)
November 3, 2012 - 12:21pm
Someone has to come up with a substitute for 100LL, there are to many high performance engines to simply do away with it. Otherwise these aircraft would be grounded.. Do we really know for a fact that 100LL causes health issues? Perhaps the current administration just wants to get rid of GA.
Frank (not verified)
November 4, 2012 - 10:55am
High performance aircraft only effected by the lead issue in 100LL....please many of you sound like its only the big guys with high flying fast aircraft that are effected by this. My plane is a 105 to 110 KIAS aircraft with a Lycomming O-320 engine...certainly not my idea of "HIGH PERFORMANCE." But my aircraft has no STC allowing auto gas and the "HIGH COMPRESSION" engine it does have would destroy itself if pre-detination occurs or simply quit if vapor lock occurs. These test fuels need to accommodate 100% of general aviation needs, not just those with low compression engines.
Mike (not verified)
November 7, 2012 - 10:35am
I am glad that South Carolina alowes the sale of unethenol gas at auto service stations, and the cost is only about $0.30 a gallon higher that the E-10 auto fuel. I have herd that some airports have installed selfservice pumps to supply the unethenol auto fuel. At my home base we have to use the red containers to transport the fuel.
Bill Brown (not verified)
November 7, 2012 - 10:46pm
Many people do not understand what lead does for your engine. In addition to aiding the combustion to take place at a slower pace the lead acts as a lubricant and protects many engine parts from rust/corrosion. Yes, it can csuse fouled plugs, but you can prevent that as you operate your engine. At power settings below 1000 to 1200 RPM the lead is not consumed and sent out the exhaust. It is liquid and will run down into the bottom plugs when the engine is shut down. To prevent this run your engine up to 1800 RPM for 20 seconds, then pull it back to 1100 RPM and pull the mixture. No more fouled plugs!
Bill Brown
Frank (not verified)
November 8, 2012 - 11:53am
Lycoming have issued a Service Instruction, 1070R which addresses the suitability of unleaded fuels in various Lycoming engines. ...At least, it would address the issue if it was more clearly laid out and not an exercise in cryptography.
Essentially, as I read it, anything less than 8.5-1 compression ratio is gonna be OK for unleaded but ethanol or alchohol is only fit for drinking, keep it out of your tank!
Previous commenters have pointed out that mogas/autofuel goes off after 3 weeks...make that 2 weeks to be on the safe side, ethanol or not.
So, lead is really bad eh? Unleaded fuels are often rich in benzene which is 20 times more toxic than lead.
About time somebody pointed this out to the enviro-loonies so they can go chase their tails over that one, might take the pressure off lead.
Lead:- don't drink it, don't rub it in.


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Home > Angular Contact Bearings
Brand: NKEBearing Type: Double Row Angular ContactMeasurement Unit: MetricInside Diameter: 17.00mmOutside Diameter: 40.00mmWidth: 17.5.00mmContact Angle: 32 degree
3203-B-2RS-TV NKE Double Row Angular Contact Bearing 17x40x17.5
Double Row Angular Contact bearings are designed to work as two single row angular contact bearings but take up less axial space. They can accommodate radial loads and axial loads in both directions. NKE double row angular contact bearings with the suffix B-TV have a 32 degree contact angle and are fitted with a polyamide cage. Double Row Angular Contact bearings are available in open design (no seals or shields) or with Metal Shields "B-2Z-TV" and Rubber Seals "B-2RS-TV". The shielded and sealed bearings come pre greased with high quality rolling bearing grease with a temperature range of -30 to +120 degree C.
3203-B-2RS-TV-NKE dimension chart - all dimensions in mm unless indicated.
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Seabrook's goal in 3rd period lifts Blackhawks over Red Wings 3-2
CHICAGO - Blackhawks defenceman Brent Seabrook enjoys playing against the rival Detroit Red Wings.
On Friday night, he helped beat them.
Seabrook scored a goal to break a tie early in the third period, and the Blackhawks defeated Detroit 3-2.
Seabrook ripped in the game-winner 1:52 into the third when he fired from the blue-line and overpowered Detroit goalie Jimmy Howard with a rising shot that sailed over his glove.
The goal was Seabrook's second this season, but in 42 career games against the Red Wings he has seven goals and 18 assists.
"It was a great pass by Kaner (Patrick Kane)," Seabrook said. "I sort of buried my head and shot it as hard as I could.
"I don't know what it is. It's always fun playing against these guys. They're always a big rivalry for us, so it's nice to come out with an effort the way we did tonight and get a big two points."
Marian Hossa scored and Jonathan Toews connected on a penalty shot for Chicago, which improved to 10-2-1 in its past 13 before a season-high crowd of 22,166 at the United Center.
The win gave Chicago a league-high 52 points. The Blackhawks, in first place in the Central Division, opened a five-point lead on second-place Detroit.
"Hossa had a monster game, as Johnny did," Blackhawks coach Joel Quenneville said.
Toews scored on the first penalty shot attempt by a Blackhawks player this season, and the second of his career. He was stopped on his first career penalty shot in March 2009 against Edmonton.
"It was nice to get a second chance on the penalty shot, and I made no mistake there," Toews said.
Hossa has points in nine of his past 10 games and has six goals and nine assists during the stretch.
"It's pretty easy to get pumped up when the crowd goes crazy like that before the puck drops," Hossa said. "They're (games versus Detroit) always close, tight game you want to play as a hockey player."
Detroit coach Mike Babcock agreed with Quenneville, citing Hossa and Toews as "dominant."
But Babcock wasn't happy with the performance of Detroit's top forwards as the Red Wings got goals from Justin Abdelkader and Todd Bertuzzi.
Detroit's Pavel Datsyuk, Henrik Zetterberg and Johan Franzen—usually potent in games against Chicago—combined for only one shot.
"Anyway you look at it, that's not good enough," Babcock said. "We didn't have enough sustained pressure in their zone.
"It's a one-shot game. You know it's going to be like that coming in."
Chicago's Corey Crawford made 26 saves. Howard stopped 25 shots.
The Blackhawks and Red Wings met for the first time in 2011-12, marking the latest the "Original Six" rivals had faced each other for the first time in a season since 1928-29.
Abdelkader opened the scoring 9:48 in when he plowed to the net and popped in a loose puck before Crawford could dive out and cover it.
Drew Miller's shot hit Blackhawks defenceman Sean O'Donnell, then fell at the edge of the crease to set up the goal.
Toews tied it at one on his penalty shot with 5:28 left in period. He skated straight in, delayed an instant and fired a low shot under Howard's right pad.
Toews was awarded the attempt after being hooked lightly from behind by Detroit's defenceman Nicklas Lidstrom on a breakaway.
Bertuzzi was credited with a goal at 5:25 of the second to put Detroit ahead 2-1.
Mike Commodore ripped a slapshot into traffic from the blue-line and it glanced in off Bertuzzi, who was in front of the crease.
Hossa tied it at two just over two minutes later.
After skating across the top of the Detroit zone, he turned down the left wing and beat Howard from the circle.
Set up by Toews, Hossa fired at an open net with just under six minutes left in the second, butLidstrom blocked the shot.
After Seabrook put Chicago ahead 3-2, the Red Wings took three penalties that hindered any comeback attempt.
Crawford was sharp when he had to be to preserve the lead, and Zetterberg backhanded a close-in shot off the post with 7:40 left.
Notes: Chicago RW Jimmy Hayes made his NHL debut. The Blackhawks recalled the six-foot-six 22-year-old from Rockford of the AHL on Thursday. ... Blackhawks LW Daniel Carcillo returned after missing six games with an upper-body injury. Chicago C Marcus Kruger (concussion) missed his second straight game. ... Detroit recalled C Gustav Nyquist from Grand Rapids on Thursday to take the roster spot of LW Tomas Holmstrom, who was placed on IR with a groin injury. Red Wings C Darren Helm also sat out Friday with a groin injury. ... Red Wings RW Dan Cleary got his 200th assist on Abdelkader's goal. ... Toews' penalty shot was the first by a Blackhawk since Hossa scored on Jan. 23, 2011.


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Goodness, looking back at the snaps I've taken, I realise just how much we fitted in. Well, there is so much to do, after all, and everything is so much better when the sun is shining, don't you find. You might want to make a cuppa before you read this, it's not for the faint hearted!
The trip down was accompanied by the usual stream of folk also heading West and the inevitable queues at the dreaded Stonehenge. Once we got off the A303, the mood lifted and we pootled through the country lanes via the cider farm, on our way to the cottage. We passed some rather fabulous sights, all of a steamy nature! First it was a steam truck, then it was a few tractors and finally, a full traction engine outside the pub, where its drivers were enjoying a few jars in the sunshine.
It turns out that it was the upcoming steam rally at Langport that weekend and the nearby cider farm had hosted the engines for a stop-off on their way. It made for some interesting driving, meeting these beasts on tiny winding country lanes.
We also made a stop at the fruit farm to stock up on homegrown cherries and raspberries. Delicious! Got to enjoy these seasonal fruits while we can, don't you agree? (Can't believe it's nearly August already.)
On Saturday, the day dawned bright and clear, oh joy, and my little heart beat a little faster as we arrived at my beloved Bridders for 9am. I was so glad we did when I saw all the holiday makers circling the car parks an hour or so later. If you visit, it's worth getting up early to avoid that, not to mention snapping up those bargains on the street market. Mr HH decided to treat himself to some new togs at the marvellous Smith and Smiths, a traditional outfitters (which has been in business for 130 years) with good old-fashioned service to match. I love its interior.
We mooched along the market which didn't seem to have as many stalls as usual, perhaps some of the stall holders were enjoying the sunshine elsewhere, too. Down round the old ropemakers' area, I loved these little doggies, though all the best things in this unit always seem to bear "not for sale" stickers. Set them free!
Sunday, oh Sunday. What promise you held, a much anticipated event, the Shepton Mallet Flea Market. Once again, we were up early to join the queue, we've found that's the best way, but not before finding we'd parked next to fellow blogger Daisy Darling out on the field. It's a small world. It was a pretty giant affair, as usual and very very hot. The things I do for thrifting! This picture is of the main indoor area; outside there are probably four or five times as many stalls. We don't really get round them all before collapsing.
As usual, we were not disappointed at the flea. It only takes one good piece to make your day but if there's more...
The next day, it was time for a rest so we packed up the car with essentials and headed for the coast. Where else but Lyme Regis? The main schools had not yet broken up so it was not too crowded and we had a really blissful day, relaxing and reading, pootling in rock pools for the younger members, enjoying a picnic lunch and a mooch in the nearby flea market. I know, I know, I can't help myself!
The boys were keen for some steam action so being quite handy for the local railway station, off we set to head a little further West. I was accompanied by my beloved vintage basket bag, £5 from Shepton Flea. Love!
This time, we headed somewhere new. Having changed mainline trains a couple of times, we finally found ourselves in Paignton on the South Devon coast, a new destination for me. We headed straight for the Paignton and Dartmouth Steam Railway, handily located just to the side of the mainline railway station, and off we set. Is there anything finer than skirting the seaside on a steam engine?
This little line is very picturesque and I found it hard to concentrate on my sewing. I never go anywhere without sewing. (My on-the-go sewing kit for the week was housed in a little old soap box bought for £1 from the Flea.)
Wheeee, the boys enjoyed hanging out of the windows, a great way to cool down.
Our destination, part way along the line, was this little halt, opened two years ago. There's a little clue chalked out on the platform there...
What we hadn't realised was that having arrived at this utterly picturesque halt, slap bang in the middle of nowhere, it was still some way to our destination. Off we set, feeling like The Famous Five, tracking through the woods (at least it was deliciously cool), passing little view spots with tantalising glimpses of the estuary, on and on it went.
We picked some wild strawberries along the way.
After what I think was probably two miles(!), we found ourselves at our destination. Maybe we should have caught the bus!
I've wanted to visit here for a good long time, having read about its restoration and re-opening in a magazine. Greenway was the holiday home of Agatha Christie (the Munchkin is currently gripped by an Hercule Poirot obsession), though Agatha sold it to her daughter, Rosalind, and son-in-law in the 1950's and they, along with Rosalind's son, gifted it to the National Trust (in 2002, I think).
The best thing about Greenway, I think, was the stunning setting, up high, completely secluded by woods, and with an amazing view of the Dart estuary down below. Utter peace. Inside, you could roam most of the downstairs but only a few rooms upstairs as a large portion has been made into a holiday rental. I was surprised at how grand the interior was. (You were not allowed to take photographs of the inside.) Apparently, Agatha's daughter and son-in-law had said that they didn't want the house to be an "Agatha Christie theme park" and the result of the restoration is to set the house as if it was in the 1950's and the owners had literally walked out of the house for a pootle in the garden.
Personally, I think they could have played up the Agatha Christie connection some more without turning it into that theme park. At the end of the day, I think the link to her is the reason a lot of people visit. I loved seeing the bookcase with all her first editions and their beautiful dust jackets. What a holiday home!
Thursday, we stayed a little closer to our own neck of the woods, and set off to the Summer fayre at Forde Abbey. We had never been here before, oh my, another glorious setting.
This was such a lovely, laid back event, all that you expect a country fair to be, I think. It was also very well organised. We were greeted with row upon row of lovely classic cars, all with the stunning backdrop of the Abbey gardens, replete with double herbaceous borders, pools and fountains. The odd poseur was to be found matching her outfit to the car!
Further along, was the entertainment area. There was a ring in the centre with displays of falconry and our favourite, dog agility. The Munchkin was still enthralled by the Punch and Judy show and chuckled away gamely. Fantastically un-PC entertainment with Punch whacking the crocodile and everyone else, a fair few times!
There was also an array of stalls, nothing really vintage, but lots of handcrafts, great locally-produced food and drink and my fave fabulous flower stall (this lady is also at the Bridport farmers' market).
Well, that was a lovely laid back way to spend a day. It's been a fabulous few weeks for organisers of these events. What a difference a bit (or a lot) of sunshine makes.
Oh dear, we're coming to the end of the holiday, time to get on the train once more, this time headed back to the South Hams in Devon, such a wonderful area. The boys headed for the South Devon Steam Railway, I hot footed it up the hill into Totnes town and straight for the market. Here, I found my pal Amanda of Shabby Chick fame and her outrageously beautiful stall of well-priced vintage loveliness.
I bumped into Emma, with her pretty little daughter, and her mum. You may know Emma as the owner of the gorgeous Velvet Ribbon (she has stalls at lovely fairs such as Country Living) and I ogled and lusted after her fabric packs in a little shop further along on the hill. So lovely to be hundreds of miles from home but find kindred spirits with whom to have a natter.
There's lots to look at for a little place. There are lots of charity shops in Totnes, a very good craft/yarn shop, the shop at the top of the hill (think it's called Gazebo) that sells oodles of Greengate, Cath K and Rice goodies, and not forgetting the several marvellous tea rooms. I was at the top of the hill by mid-afternoon so I opted for Greys and, not being a tea drinker, plumped for a milk shake and chocolate orange sponge. Yummy!
It's an eclectic little place, the walls decorated with old paintings and plates, gleaming wooden tables and chairs, and stacks of vintage china and bits 'n' pieces for sale.
I was not just larking about on these days, you know. My trusty sewing kit went everywhere and the posies slowly rolled out to accompany a different outfit each day (this one a Darling Buds of May-esque dress for £5 from Bridport market).
The piece de resistance for me? My original felty finds (along with a 1940's floral print frock). As the lady in the shop said, as I regaled her with tales of my felty obsession, these things have a way of finding their rightful owner. I like to think so.
A final Saturday in Bridders yielded a stash of vintage knitting needles. I just love the packaging. Do you know, I think I am going to have to start (sock!) knitting this Winter but for now, they have a good home amongst my vintage haberdashery display.
If you've read this far, thank you and well done! You deserve a sit down in this little thrifty chair and its new-to-me, old flea-market-found embroidered cushion. Oooh, I am partial to a lupin.
Me? I've got to sort out all this loot! It's a tough job and all that...


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Ned Yost followed Kansas City Royals game at his daughter's wedding
Yost used phone to follow the game
Kansas City Royals manager Ned Yost could have been excused for missing his team's game on the night his daughter got married.
But he didn't.
Yost was in Sugar Hill, Ga., on Thursday night with one eye on the wedding ceremony of his daughter, Jenny, while the Royals were playing the Tampa Bay Rays about 500 miles away.
"I had the phone out, sitting on the pew right next to me, during the whole process," Yost said Friday afternoon.
It was a big night all the way around. With bench coach Chino Cadahia acting as manager, the Royals won, 10-1.
"I was looking the whole time until the sixth inning came, and then I saw two runs, and I was relieved," Yost said. "Then I saw four and I saw seven, and eight. I just got a big smile on my face thinking they can handle it from there."
Yost had made out the Royals lineup on Wednesday before leaving the team for one day. Kansas City's eighth victory in nine games came on a day the manager is likely to forget, even if he wasn't there.
"It's my only daughter," he said. "I've got three boys and a girl so it was very special."


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Wealth: How To Play The Housing Market
Directly asking a client for a referral isn't always the best policy. Plus, how to protect your cyber estate. And, how to play the housing market. WSJ Wealth Management's Veronica Dagher reports
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the were the room ... the ... night ... how to protect night I worth it ... and how to play the housing market ... Veronica Dagher ... unwelcome WS J wealth advisor ... point for for all we are we in one ... this practice management looks even worse ... might give referrals because they wanna kill influential or the one killed by them look good in front of their friends ... with that in mind to get three tips on how to decline CDB or borrow without asking for ... for advice ... on how we get word out about our practices we can ask them for introductions to specific people ... to weaken identifies people who know who will need the things that we do ... or when it comes to center of influence ... we can ... guess who we can refer to them and engage in a conversation that way they can also be telling them who they can refer to ... the ... at the same does ask for money get it right ... after I ... get money ... one o'clock at night ... to turn out their site Brzeski an unraveling of cyber identity ... can just be one more headache for a grieving family ... WSJ's art and delicate ... tips on how to prevent that from happening ... so she social media will ... to help your family and do that ... this would be a listing of all the different sites that you're on and tie in with the list of passwords because testers can do things to get so it's getting to the winds that we are two for one person actually turned over his or her own passwords ... difficult for family ... also to shut down the site's content to take certain actions ... on the sites will require the person to authenticate who they are ... usually open to get the death certificate to do that for the person to show that really you do have the authority to go in any change ... in a state with the worst housing crisis pass us that means opportunities for investors and small and mid caps eight ... and management still kinda cute ... we are seeing the opportunity ... play the housing sector is RPM International ... necessarily a household name you recognize that some of their brands in the U ... S ... and they're about a three point seven billion dollar market cap company ... and they do things like building supplies in and specialty coatings and with being an things like that you need ... and so along with the improvement housing also the rebuilt from ... the superstorm Sandy there's going to be potential on a long-term basis for both that the skull ... at that but if we ... wish you health and well ... aam Veronica Dagher for WSJ's wealth advisor ... I ...


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Please confirm details with organizers BEFORE setting out. Due to changes in schedules and exhibits at locations, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of the event information.
- This event has passed.
Baby Storytime at Columbus Public Library
January 6 @ 10:00 am - 10:50 am EST
|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every week that begins at 10:00 am on Monday, repeating until February 24, 2020
Storytime for babies 0-24 months and caregivers


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SULLIVAN — If something is worth inventing, it's worth inventing again.
Armed with that kind of reassurance, Sullivan entrepreneur Larry Yoder has gone ahead and reinvented the horseless carriage "because I had a ball doing it."
And it really is a carriage: He's taken a former Amish buggy and built solar panels into the roof to feed batteries that power an electric motor capable of whipping it along at 14 mph, flat out. The buggy has been lengthened and widened and now, measuring 10 feet long and 6½ feet wide, will hold six passengers in comfort in its green crushed velvet interior.
"No, that's original, that's how the Amish buggies are," explains Yoder as a visitor registers surprise that the seemingly spartan Amish clip-clop around in such comfort. "This is a real Amish buggy."
Except for that solar-fed 1 horsepower motor replacing the one live horse power critter that was intended to be pulling things up front, of course. Yoder has also added cruise control and a GPS system just in case his natural wanderlust takes him too far from home (the buggy has a range of up to 50 miles.)
And then we're off on a test spin, which is a remarkably pleasurable experience on a warm, sunny day that's yielding plenty of juice for the rechargeable batteries. With no equine rear quarters obstructing the view up front and the front window popped out for natural air conditioning, the vista is wide and the breeze is sweet as Yoder deftly steers with a kind of tiller system he dreamed up to replace the reins.
"Everybody is like, 'Whoa,' when they see this," says Yoder's wife, Pat. "And, oh yeah, everybody wants a ride. Everybody."
Which includes the ever-curious Amish. The Yoders like to spend part of the winter in Florida, and they live in an area close by Amish families who have joined them to chase the shouting wind along in fun horseless carriage excursions. Pat Yoder even entertains ideas that her husband's invention could be the perfect retirement vehicle for older Amish who don't have the physical resources to corral live horses anymore for their transport needs.
"I guess it's all up to the Amish bishops, if they would allow it or not," says Pat Yoder. "But a solar-powered buggy could be a nice alternative for them."
Her husband isn't holding his breath on that one but has already had serious interest from non-Amish fellow entrepreneurs who are eying a stretched horseless carriage as a unique wedding vehicle. Yoder is also in demand to make guest appearances in parades and has driven it as far as Arthur, seven miles away from his home base near Sullivan, where he is president of the family firm Yoder Farm Drainage.
The drainage business sprang from running a family farm, and Yoder says his self-taught inventive streak is a natural byproduct of having to do your own repairs and making things work in the agricultural life. "Everything you do on the farm is pretty much trial and error," he explains. "And if something doesn't work, you try something else and you work on it until it works."
His lively mind also likes to wander the inventive far frontiers of the art of the possible, however, which explains his forays into mechanical flights of fancy like the horseless buggy.
There were several prototypes before the big one, and these early models look very different: Think of a two-seater lawn swing with big wagon wheels at each end. They use earlier versions of the solar-charged battery-motor system and a lever steering arrangement (from a zero turn mower) lets them revolve on a dime. The wheels are independently powered, and Yoder can make the wagons spin in place at speeds that will tempt a passenger's eaten breakfast to reverse rapidly via their throat.
"You know what's surprising?" he asks as he gyrates one of the two-wheelers like a centrifuge. "Ladies get on here, girls, and they want a thrill, and they always want to go with the speed wide open."
Yoder has ambitious dreams of taking his multi-passenger buggy for a spin across country and, with the pace of solar panel technology heating up and getting steadily better, a buggy drive to Florida is definitely on his to-do list. In the meantime, the prolific inventor is working on getting some kind of license plate for his horseless carriage, although categorizing it has proved a tough one for local law enforcement.
"I've talked to the police about it, and they look at it and say, 'Well, it's sort of a buggy, but you don't have a horse,' " recalls Yoder. "I just tell them 'Oh, my horse? It ran away.' "
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Tom Watson squandered a chance to become golf's oldest major champion. The 59-year-old missed an 8-foot putt on the 72nd hole of the British Open, then lost a four-hole playoff to Stewart Cink.
Cink won his first major title, but this one will be remembered as the one that Watson let get away when he had a historic victory in his grasp.
He looked his age after a bogey on the last hole of regulation left him tied with Cink at 2-under 278. Watson bogeyed the first playoff hole and fell apart at the third, the par-5 17th.
An errant tee shot, two whacks to get out of the rough, and three putts left him with a double-bogey 7. It was over.
Cink capped it with a birdie at No. 18, winning the playoff by six shots.


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Needless to say, it's weird...
Another day another "Paranormal Activity 3" clip and man oh man check this one out. There's a girl sleeping and then... well I think there might be something in the doorway? I have no idea what the hell is going on honestly. But I know it's frightening as hell. I think. 99% sure that's what it is.
Kevin J. Foxe is credited as being an executive producer for "The Blair Witch Project" which I assume means he was in charge of finding the perfect sticks to make those weird dolls. Or at least finding someone to go do that for him. Well now he's bringing all that talent to the directing role of a new spooky ghost story involving a group of college students title "The Ghost Experiment 3D". Can you guess if it's going to be in 3D or not? If you guessed no you are wrong... and really stupid.
Here's some news you didn't see coming. Sherri Moon Zombie is going to star in "Lords Of Salem" which is currently being directed by her lover Rob Zombi. If I was a betting man I'd put my money on her playing a freaky deeky who screams a lot and gets naked. That's just me though. She's actually been confirmed as a radio DJ who unleashes a coven of witches from days of yore. So probably not a lot of stripping there.
In a recent interview Mr. David Cronenberg alluded to the fact that he has already written a sequel to his 1985 remake of "The Fly". While there's no actual discussion of the film being made it looks like there's a god possibility it could go into production sometime in the near future. He spent the rest of the interview talking about this season's "Dancing With The Stars". It got kind of weird.


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Richard D. Fread 1927-2013
PORT RICHEY, FL — Richard D. Fread, 86, of Port Richey, FL, passed away Tuesday, June 4, 2013, at Gulfside Regional Hospice, Hudson, FL, after a long battle with M.D.S.
He was born March 24, 1927, in Rodman to parents Ernest A. and Anne Marie (Sewell)?Fread.
He was preceded in death by his parents; Raymond J. Fread, brother; and A. Darlene Fry, sister.
He is survived by his wife, Rae Jean (Lee) Fread; daughter, Susan R. McClusky; and son, Mark Fread; five grandchildren, Michelle Crossett, Lysa Crossett, David Schook, Stephen Schook and Jeremy Fread. Also surviving are his brother, Kenneth Fread and wife Vivian (Roland) of Ruthven.
Dick graduated from Emmetsburg High School in 1947 after returning from serving in the U.S. Navy in the Pacific Theatre until World War II's end on the USS?Belleau Wood (CVL-24)?carrier. He rejoined the Navy during the Korean Conflict and retired from active duty in 1967. He retired again from Civil Service in the Pentagon; and retired for the last time from Westinghouse Electric, Annapolis, MD, in 1990.
A memorial service was held at the First United Methodist Church in Hudson, FL, on Sunday, June 9, with the Rev. Tom Hindman officiating.
An interment ceremony will be held at Evergreen Cemetery in Emmetsburg at 10 a.m. Wednesday, July 3, with the Rev. Roger Maize of Ruthven officiating.


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Message Board
Joan Elizabeth Lloyd Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Lloyd has written!
Author Lloyd's Book Reviews
Never Enough
Kensington Jul 2003, 14.00, 304 pp. ISBN: 0758201095 Kim Ryan writes the syndicated �Ask Miranda� column and facilitates the �Creative Loving Weekends that provides sex therapy to participants. However, she is pregnant with twins that her doctor labels as high risk. As such she will either cancel or find a substitute for her winter session in the Catskills. Using her weapon of last choice, their ailing mother, Kim persuades her reluctant older...
The Price of Pleasure
Kensington, Aug 2002, 24.00, 320 pp. ISBN: 1758201087 The taxi that she rides in as a passenger traveling the icy roads of Manhattan crashes leaving Erika Holland in a coma. Her last conscious thought focuses on the smiling face of friend Stuart Dunlap. In her comatose state Erika thinks back to how she became a Manhattan call girl catering to the wealthy, promoted to a Madam, and eventually CEO of Courtesans, Inc. Erika was a contented spou...