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Centers of Excellence
Featured Services
A-Z Index
See full list of Medical Services
Maimonides Medical Center has a long and proud tradition of providing quality healthcare and conducting business in full compliance with the law and with the highest standards of business ethics. Maintaining an environment of integrity, honesty and respect is an integral part of that commitment and contributes to our continued success as the premier healthcare facility in Brooklyn. The Maimonides Corporate Compliance Program in part outlines how we achieve these goals.
One major feature of our program is the ability for anyone to bring forth a potential compliance issue and know that it will be investigated promptly and acted upon accordingly. Reports may be made directly to the Compliance Officer or anonymously to the Compliance Helpline.
The Corporate Compliance program is outlined in the Code of Conduct and the Compliance Guidelines.
The federal Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 requires hospitals receiving Medicaid revenues to provide information to employees concerning the Federal False Claims Act, state laws concerning false claims, the hospitals' own policies for preventing and detecting fraud, waste or abuse and an employee's right to be protected from retaliation.
Compliance Contact Information
Report suspected violations - if in doubt, seek help.
Corporate Compliance Officer: 718-283-6002
Compliance Helpline: 1-800-585-7970
Email: email@example.com
4802 Tenth Avenue
Brooklyn, NY 11219
Appointments: 718-283-2665
General: 718-283-6000


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Rackspace Extends VMware Private Cloud as a Service to Customer Data Centers
Providing expertise and management for VMware Private Cloud in customer data centers and colocation facilities around the world.
You don't need to walk away from VMware® to get the benefits of the cloud. Our portfolio of VMware solutions gives you access to customized dedicated hardware, plus your choice of management and control levels. Whichever solution you choose, you'll benefit from having our VMware Certified Professionals (VCPs) manage your underlying physical hardware 24x7x365.
Our VCPs built and manage one of the world's largest VMware vSphere footprints. Let them help you architect, deploy and troubleshoot your environment, no matter how complex.
Enjoy consistent, reliable performance backed by industry-leading SLAs, including 100% Network Uptime and Hardware Uptime Guarantees.
You've been running VMware for years, so we offer you the level of control you want. Get total access and control, or opt for a fully-managed experience. It's your choice.
Get the enhanced security of a customized single-tenant environment with fully-dedicated network, compute and storage hardware.
Since different businesses have different support needs, we offer you two service levels with our VMware managed hosting solutions — Managed and Intensive®. No matter which level you choose, you'll always have 24x7x365 access to a dedicated account team.
"By going to a Managed Service model with Rackspace, I just worry about the workloads and applications to support our mission and our members' mission. I could run what I need today, knowing that I can rapidly scale up or scale down to fit our needs, and serve up workloads. Now I just have an operational cost as opposed to a capital expense outlay."
Steven Carlberg
Managing Director of Infrastructure and Security, Feeding America
For over a decade, VMware® and Rackspace have been working together to help businesses tap into the full promise of virtualization and the cloud. Let us work with you to scale globally, while reducing security concerns and avoiding retooling expenses and development risks.
or Chat Now

subset: commoncrawl


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A Sandwich a Day: The Ham and Raclette Panino at Lula Cafe
Reviews of Chicago sandwiches.
Editor's Note: In this great city of ours, one could eat a different sandwich every day of the year--so that's what we'll do. Here's A Sandwich a Day, our daily look at sandwiches around the Windy City. Got a sandwich we should check out? Let us know!
Before I begin this post, I need to make one thing clear, for the sake of transparency: I love Lula Cafe. I love it a lot. And not in a mere "this is my favorite restaurant in Chicago" kind of love, which is a steep claim on my part. No, love in an "I can not in good conscious leave anything on this plate despite the feeling that my digestive tract is going to burst, because it would be unconscionable to waste this delicious food" kind of love. So, dear reader, you'll have to excuse my bias. But exaggeration notwithstanding, I've never had a meal at this long-time Logan Square dining staple I didn't fawn over, despite feeling as though I've eaten myself to the aforementioned brink of intestinal rupture. That's because the chefs have a knack for pairing everything in a way where each taste uniquely compliments the other.
Lula's Ham and Raclette Panino ($10) is no exception to the cafe's standard of deliciousness. An upscale version on the traditional ham and cheese sandwich, the panino takes locally sourced ham and mild raclette cheese, and tops it with a fried farm egg. Radish, salad greens and pickled onion garnish. It's then all pressed together between two slices of fresh bread slathered in black currant mustard. The currants add a sweet element to the mustard's spicy tang, while the the pickled onions and radish slices' sharp, vinegary taste compliment the honey-like ham. It's a sandwich worth savoring, and I say that objectively.
Lula Cafe
2537 North Kedzie Blvd., Chicago, IL 60647 (map)
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


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Who Can Attend?: Students – All
This is a mandatory meeting for students who are interested in running for a position on the LSSB Executive Board, LSSB Senate or Honor Council for the 2013-2014 school year. If you cannot make it to this meeting the other meeting time is Thursday, March 7, from 12:00PM-12:20PM. Please email Elections Commissioner, Graham Smith: email@example.com, if you have any questions or concerns.


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Big gaming distribution deals happen in the back rooms of E3. They happen in big metal skyscrapers and sterile board rooms in New York City and San Francisco. And sometimes they happen by exchanging pictures on Twitter.
This morning, the folks behind digital distribution website GOG.com tweeted at game developers Obsidian (whose Kickstartered game Project Eternity recently made a ton of money) with a picture. Obsidian tweeted back.
The full exchange is quite magical:
Ahh, true love.


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Three Good Tools for Building Flipped Lessons That Include Assessment Tools
Three Good Tools for Building Flipped Lessons That Include Assessment Tools
eduCanon is a free service for creating, assigning, and tracking your students' progress on flipped lessons. eduCanon allows teachers to build flipped lessons using YouTube and Vimeo videos, create questions about the videos, then assign lessons to their students. Teachers can track the progress of their students within eduCanon.
Teachem is a service that uses the TED Ed model of creating lessons based on video. On Teachem teachers can build courses that are composed of a series of videos hosted on YouTube. Teachers can write questions and comments in "flashcards" that are tied to specific parts of each video and display next to each video. Students can take notes while watching the videos using the Teachem SmartNote system.
Knowmia is a website and a free iPad app for creating, sharing, and viewing video lessons. One of the best features of Knowia is a tool that they call the Assignment Wizard. The Knowmia Assignment Wizard allows teachers to design assignments that their students have to complete after watching a video. Students can check their own Knowmia accounts to see the assignments that their teachers have distributed. To aid teachers in assessing their students, Knowmia offers an automatic scoring option. Knowmia's automatic scoring function works for multiple choice questions and numeric questions.


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Flooding in Suriname: International Charter activated
At least three people have been killed and an estimated 25 000 people have been displaced in Suriname as a result of flooding caused by torrential rains since 1 May. Approximately 25 000-30 000 square kilometres are currently under water, and the government has declared the southwest and central lowlands disaster zones.
In response to the crisis, the U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has called for helicopters to deliver relief supplies. According to media reports, a Dutch relief plane flew blankets, stretchers, tarpaulins and mosquito nets to the area on Monday. The Suriname military is also reported to have been distributing food packages and hygienic items.
According to OCHA, an increase in the number of respiratory infections has been reported and stored rainwater, used for drinking, is quickly diminishing. Malaria is also a growing concern as it is endemic in the interior of Suriname.
In order to observe the crisis, the U.N. Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) requested maps of the area from the International Charter "Space and Major Disasters".
This map, provided by GMES Respond over the area south of Paramaribo to Pr. Van Blommestein Meer, was comprised of ESA Envisat satellite imagery and complemented by Spot 5 satellite data. The data covering water bodies were derived from NASA's Landsat 7 satellite.
Areas outlined in red and orange are potentially affected flooded areas as derived from Envisat, using its Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) instrument, and Spot 5 respectively. The actual image, in which the vector information is overlain, is a multitemporal Envisat ASAR image composed of two images: one acquired on 1 October 2004 and another on 14 May 2006.


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[Lengthy] is a vicious, fugitive, scoundrel and True American word. It should be hooted by every elegant English scholar, and proscribed from every page.Port folio, though published in the US, was "remarkable chiefly for close adhesion to established English ideas" [Henry Adams]. The authors complained that if lengthy makes sense, then so must breadthy, but since no one's saying breadthy, that shows how ridiculous lengthy is.
They didn't like it in England either (from the OED):
1793 Brit. Critic Nov. 286 We shall, at all times, with pleasure, receive from our transatlantic brethren real improvements of our common mother-tongue: but we shall hardly be induced to admit such phrases as that at p. 93—'more lengthy', for longer, or more diffuse.At some point in the 19th century, the British (and everyone else) seem to have stopped minding it. While some still note it as an Americanism, some authors use it without comment:
|From the OED
I was thinking about the 'we don't have breadthy' anti-lenghthy argument. We don't. But we do have weighty, which goes back to the 1500s. It doesn't just mean heavy (for "languages abhor absolute synonyms just as nature abhors a vacuum"--Cruse 1986:270) , it has additional implications, usually of importance or seriousness. One suspects that the authors of the Port folio complaint noticed weighty but decided to (orig. AmE) keep it under their hats.
And then there's hefty, which the OED considers to be 'originally dialectal and US'. I like the word hefty and the noun heft to mean 'weight', which the OED marks as 'dial. & U.S.'. They seem slightly onomatopoetic to me. I can imagine exhaling 'hft' as I lift something with heft.
Again, according to the web-English corpus GloWBE, the 'American' adjective hefty gets more hits in Britain (1,954) than in America (1,366) in corpora of about 387 million words each. The noun heft is a bit more common in the US (224 v 200). What's remarkable about all that is that the word hefty is first cited in 1867, more than 100 years after the first use of lengthy. By the turn of the 20th century, English writers are using hefty, and no one's commenting on it as being an Americanism as they did for lengthy. Did acceptance of lengthy make hefty non-controversial? I don't know, but I found it interesting.
Still, there's no heighty and no breadthy. Go on. Start using them. I dare you.


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Lightweight Java Game Library offers access to OpenGL and OpenCL
The Lightweight Java Game Library (LWJGL) is a solution aimed directly at professional and amateur Java programmers alike to enable commercial quality games to be written in Java. LWJGL provides developers access to high performance crossplatform libraries such as OpenGL, OpenCL, and OpenAL, allowing for state of the art 3D games and 3D sound. Additionally LWJGL provides access to controllers such as Gamepads, Steering wheel and Joysticks.


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I think CB is right on the SK 35mm. At first I was hopeful on the quality, but I just spent this morning looking over images I captured with it for a client. I am not just not satisfied with the quality beyond 12mm of shift. Thankfully this is one of my good and not super picky clients. But now I am rethinking my lens choices and whether or not I really want to invest in the SK 43mm. I may decide that the 32mm and 40mm are the safer routes.
Joe... conversely, I was really pleased with the 43, but only up to about 15mm.
Just for the record, if I mainly shot interiors and I did not like hiking with my tech camera, I would really consider CB's setup. However, dealing with a bellows camera and the space that it takes up is a deal breaker for me. Like I said before, I hate large and/or hard cases and prefer to be able to pack everything into a backpack. The RM3Di allows for that.
There is no architectural project on this planet that can't be photographed absolutely beautifully with a Canon DSLR and its basic complement of lenses. And a tech camera is probably the worst system to use for real estate photography.
a tech camera is probably the worst system to use for real estate photography.
Agreed also. My A7r or 5DSr is what gets pulled when I'm working. My phase kit comes out for landscape work only. I can't deny that the best Phase files are ultimately a bit better than the best Sony or Canon files, but what I find is that the flexibility of the Canon/Sony setup tends to give me better work for far less effort.
Holy Cow!!A good friend of mine, Clyde Butcher, has been pestering to buy the Sony and put it through the paces.I had no idea you could mate it with the 17TS like that on a tech body!You have my attention, but I'd need to do it on something like the Arca AR due to the weight issues I want to insulate myself from.Guess what I look into tomorrow?Now, I ask can you push the image in post and not have it "band" the sky and clouds???Jack
This one...http://www.metabones.com/products/details/MB-EF-E-BT4
Several years ago I bought the Canon 17mm f/4 Tilt-Shift lens and the Canon EOS 5D at 30MP.I also had the Hasselblad H5 and wanted to get to a much lighter camera and far less expensive/less cost of depreciation over time as well.What I found was that when I pushed the Canon files in my post processing I hit far more situations where banding occurred in an image! Great loss of many scenes I shot of clouds over the sea and in the Everglades (I was living in Naples, FL).Thus, I took both cameras out, shot the same scene (Must admit I loved the 17 lens!) and then post processed exactly the same way. Hassie file did not band, Canon definitely did and spoiled the gradation tones of the clouds and sky.I blamed it on 14 verse 16 bits (I know, this can be challenged but I had the files and the results) and Hassie was the clear winner.IF Canon comes out with a 50MP back and a high bit count RAW file, I'm in, but I don't see that on the shelves right now (but I don't see the X1D either!!).PS: If the Sony Alpha a7RII will take the Canon 17 lens I'd like to know about that. Even better if someone has pushed the RAW file and not had the banding appear then I'm in!Jack


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Importance of Landscaping
It really is true, a well-landscaped lawn surrounding a whole new home is a lovely sight. Not only will it enable you to feel more at home, it'll create compliments from relatives and buddies. Moreover, though those are both excellent things, they aren't really the only benefits landscaping design provides certainly. First, landscaping adds significant value to your house. In fact, quotes range between ten to twelve percent boosts in home value pursuing professional landscaping. Alternatively, if you ever opt to sell, a improperly landscaped backyard can drop significantly your expected sales price.
Addititionally there is the essential requirement of landscaping design that means that water won't result in a lake in your yard or basement. Landscaping design directs the move of drinking water which means you won't have future issues. Landscaping design can help the energy-efficiency of your house also. Well planned and implemented landscaping provides trees for shade, shrubs to direct cooling breezes, and open areas for the accumulation of winter snow.
Landscaping design also permits easier navigation through your lawn. Pathways and walkways help with keeping dirt and normal water from being monitored in to the homely house. Furthermore, you can use a patio to make a serene outdoor liveable space. This supplies the ability to take pleasure from a noiseless family barbecue or a sizable gathering of friends. Also, pursuing development is the perfect time for your landscaping design project. It provides you a clean slate to set-up your garden like no other time and also have your garden done right.
Landscaping Allowance
A landscaping allowance can be used by contractors and homeowners to create aside a set in place amount within the structure budget for landscaping design purposes. As your budget has ideals placed for things such as plumbing related just, fixtures, yet others, landscaping design can be another. This means that when the homely house is complete, your current budget will never be worn out. Dealing with your builder is the ultimate way to manage your financial budget you need to include in it an allowance for landscaping. The little you put in now provides a significant return on your investment.
Singapore Landscaping Services
Whatever your ideas include, we are interested in partnering along every step of the real home building process. Our mission is to make sure that your home plan will accommodate your life style and meet up with the unique needs of your loved ones. We will also help you find the right floor plan and creating your house with a give attention to quality, all at a superb value. With over twenty years of experience, we are focused on carrying on that degree of brilliance for your brand-new home building task. We have lots of customizable home plans to match your requirements and many lots available in neighborhoods in Singapore.


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Interview Preparation and Practice Cases
BCG's interview process is a dialogue, designed to help us get to know each other. Here's what to expect.
The answers to your questions may vary depending on which area of BCG you are applying to. See alternate frequently asked questions related to LGBT, BCG GAMMA, and BCG Digital Ventures.
BCG's interview process is a dialogue, designed to help us get to know each other. Here's what to expect.
We seek passionate, open-minded individuals with a wide range of academic backgrounds, work experiences, perspectives, thinking styles, and expertise. Physicists and historians, chemists and lawyers have all become successful business leaders at BCG. Excellent academic credentials are a necessary, but not sufficient, requirement. You also must demonstrate the curiosity to ask the right questions, the courage and creativity to blaze new paths, the ability to collaborate with colleagues and clients, and the leadership skills to transform your ideas into action. Learn more about the people we seek.
Many talented professionals without business degrees come to BCG and thrive here. Working with your team and with clients, you will learn at a rapid pace. Your peers will support you, project leaders and others will coach you, and your career advisor will provide useful advice on how to overcome common obstacles. You will receive intensive training and coaching based on your individual needs, as well as help and advice. Entry-level training is available, as are targeted training sessions at every step of your career. Learn more about our learning and development programs.
BCG provides many opportunities for consultants at different levels of seniority to work abroad on a particular case or to work in one of our foreign offices for an extended period. And with 90 offices in 50 countries, there is a lot of choice.
You'll receive continuous informal feedback, as well as formal feedback at the end of each project at minimum and from your career development advisor at various points each year. All individuals will be evaluated on a number of factors important to their development, including analytics, presentation style, conceptual ability, interpersonal skills, motivation, initiative, organization, communication skills, team skills, and overall integrity.
Our consultant internship program is a chance for you to learn about BCG and for us to learn more about you. BCG internships vary in duration depending on the role and location. Learn more about our internship program here.
We accept online applications year-round. If you are a current student, learn more about how to apply on our On Campus page. Otherwise, learn more about how to apply online for our consulting team and our knowledge and business services teams.
If selected, you'll participate in a series of interviews with BCG consultants. These interviews will include a case study. Learn more about BCG's interview process and how you can prepare for it.
The interview process for nonconsulting roles at BCG varies from position to position. Candidates should be prepared to discuss examples from their work experience plus key professional achievements.
The world's most influential businesses, governments, and nonprofits turn to BCG to help them address their most difficult questions and challenges—how and where to expand their businesses, how to respond to changing markets, or how to invest for future growth. We work with CEOs to establish their long-term vision and with their teams to build a competitive advantage. We generate value for our clients and help them add value to society. The challenges our clients face are often ambiguous and require change that can be difficult to manage. Although solving those challenges is not always easy, our people relish the opportunity to go beyond the obvious answers to find the best solution within given constraints.
Expect to travel as a consultant—whether working with clients, interviewing their customers, collaborating with colleagues, or attending training sessions. If you don't like to travel, consulting work probably isn't for you. There is no "typical" travel schedule; needs vary depending on the project to which you are assigned and your role. When a consultant is required to travel, three- to four-day trips are common, with Fridays back at the home office. BCG's innovative PTO program helps our consultants manage these demands, increase their work and personal life satisfaction, and deliver greater value to our clients.
Our philosophy is to staff in a way that best serves our clients' needs. Our work mix tends to be one project at a time, or 100% staffing.
Every consultant has a say in the projects he or she works on. However, individual assignments depend on when a consultant is available, the specific skills required by the assignment, the relative balance between client demand and consultant availability, and the career development needs of the consultant. Over the long term, however, our consultants are able to shape their portfolio of experiences around their interests and preferences, including developing expertise in specific areas. Typically, we recommend that entry-level consultants seek exposure to a broad variety of industries and functional areas during their first years before specializing in any specific area.
For more than two decades, BCG has grown on average at about 15% a year, showing strength in all regions. In the last five years, we have opened 13 new offices. Our engagement pipeline is strong and focused on our long-term clients, and we are aggressively recruiting to serve this demand. Although BCG is not immune to the business cycle, the company has grown even during difficult periods.
Yes, absolutely. BCG will help you develop the skills, experience, and connections needed to build a successful career—whether you choose to stay at BCG or not. We have a global alumni network approaching 20,000 members, including many who have gone on to become CEOs of companies or start successful ventures of their own. Learn more about our alumni network.


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I am looking to get rid of everything in my bucket. If anyone is interested in anything, please leave a message or pm me. Thanks for your time.
I also have Computer Accessories and Parts, PS2 Games and Accessories, And More For Sale if anyone is interested. Here are the games and info about them:
Great Gaming Computer:
EVGA 780i SLI Motherboard, 4 GB RAM, Intel Quad Processor, Heatsink, 160GB Hard Drive, CD ROM, 700 Watt Power Supply
Computer Accessories And Parts:
20" Samsung Monitor 3000:1 2ms Response Time For Sale
Playstation Games:
Need For Speed Underground 2
James Bond: Everything Or Nothing
GoldenEye: Rogue Agent
Socom 3: U.S. Navy Seals
Socom 2: U.S. Navy Seals
MX Unleashed
Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4
Jampack Winter 2002
Conflict: Desert Storm
Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 3
Triple Play 2002
Tony Hawk's Underground
Triple Play 2001
SmackDown: Just Bring It
Ready 2 Rumble Boxing Round 2
Crash Bandicoot: The Wrath Of Cortex
Inspiron 1150 2.8ghz Pentinum 4 60GB Hard Drive
Car Stereo
I am selling the Car Stereo that is in my photobucket. I put it in my car for a year and it worked great but I bought a new car so I'm looking to sell it now. It comes with a remote.
I am also selling my Bobbleheads, Orange County Chopper Bikes, and more in my photobucket. If you see anything you are interested in, please pm me. Thanks.


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Turn any wall into a feature wall, and bring your room to life with our incredible wall decal prints! Bedroom, bathroom, even the office… there will be a design to suit.
Product Details:
- Vinyl Dimensions: Max 60cm x 100cm, dependant on orientation and design
- High detail prints on pre-cut durable vinyl sheets
- Bold, full colour, high-adhesion vinyl stickers to brighten any room
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Write a review to be in with a chance of winning a £100 voucher.


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Palomas Earrings - Sterling Silver
Item # AB-33091929
- Handcrafted in sterling silver.
- Measures 3 5/8-in. long.
- Finished on ear wires.
Ariana Boussard-Reifel
Ariana's namesake collection is jewelry, inspired by the ancient and reimagined for modern life. Ariana's background as a fine artist merges with her deep understanding of ethnographic jewelry (which is shared through her shop Marteau) for a design sensibility that merges sculptural modernism with ancient tribalism. This jewelry is born from a sense of wanderlust, blending tradition with exploration.
All Ariana Boussard-Reifel's designs are produced by hand using sustainable and ethical practices in New York City. Her studio makes every effort to use only vintage and recycled materials and used tools. In this crucial time Ariana Boussard-Reifelfirmly believes that our voice as citizens and humans must merge with our creative and business endeavors and we merge our ethics with our commerce on all platforms.
Any order of $100+ receives free ground shipping at YLANG23.com.
Ship times follow the processing of your order.
All orders are shipped with signature required upon delivery to protect your purchase.
We ship FedEx insured, and offer three shipping options within the continental United States:
- Standard/Ground (5-7 day delivery)
- Second-Day Air - Free with orders $150+
- Overnight Next-Day Air (does not include Saturday delivery)
For specific information on international delivery estimates, detailed shipping rates and more click here.
Holiday Return Policy:
Gifts purchased on the website between November 22, 2018 and December 24, 2018 can be returned for a full refund until January 4, 2019. Special orders may not be cancelled or returned.
We want you to be completely happy with your purchase, but if you are not satisfied for any reason, we offer free returns on regular-priced orders over $100 within seven days of receipt in their complete original packaging and in unworn condition. Please call us toll free at 1-866-952-6423 or email firstname.lastname@example.com for a prepaid return label that will be sent to the original email address associated with the order. Merchandise will be insured to YLANG23.com. Credit will not include original shipping charges.
Special orders may not be canceled or returned. We reserve the right to not ship special occasion jewelry or to ask for a written confirmation indicating your commitment of a final sale during holiday periods.
Unfortunately, exchanges cannot be issued at this time. If you wish to purchase a different item, the original item should be returned to Ylang 23 and a new order can be placed on the website.
Ylang 23 specializes in unique and one-of-a-kind designer jewelry, and we're happy to special order pieces on your behalf.
Special orders are outside the scope of regular designer production and, therefore, must be paid in full at the time of purchase.
All special orders are final sale and may not be cancelled, returned, or exchanged.
Our knowledgeable staff is happy to answer any questions about special orders and alterations to existing stock (ring sizes, necklace lengths, etc.). Timing and pricing will vary by designer.
Please email email@example.com or call 1-866-YLANG23 with your questions and requests.


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Declan Kidney has refused to surrender Ireland's hopes in the RBS 6 Nations title race, despite the alarming number of injuries picked up in yesterday's 12-6 defeat to England.
Wing Simon Zebo will miss the remainder for the championship with a broken foot, while fly-half Jonathan Sexton is a serious doubt for the next assignment against Scotland after tearing his hamstring.
Centre Brian O'Driscoll, flanker Sean O'Brien, and locks Mike McCarthy and Donnacha Ryan also picked up knocks that will require close attention over the coming fortnight.
Adding to their woes is Cian Healy's vicious stamp on the ankle of England prop Dan Cole, an act that is sure to result in the Leinster loosehead being cited and banned.
Ireland will welcome the first break in the championship as an opportunity to nurse their wounded and regroup before the trip to Edinburgh on 25 February.
The error-strewn defeat by England has deflated a squad that was buoyant after the opening-day victory over Wales, but Kidney reminded his player they can still win the Six Nations.
"This gives England a bit of daylight with the other five sides on two points each with three matches to play," Kidney said.
"We're extremely disappointed because that wasn't the result we wanted. Let's see what France come up with at Twickenham. England have to go to Cardiff too.
"There's still a hell of a lot to play for. What we have now are three more opportunities to get three wins. Let's get to eight points and see where we are at the end of it.
"The Grand Slam is a wonderful thing to win, but first and foremost you play for the championship and we're still well in for that."
Ireland's only route back into contention is if England lose in their remaining fixtures against France, Italy and Wales.
On yesterday's evidence that is unlikely as England showed composure and accuracy amid a stormy encounter at the Aviva Stadium to remain the only team in contention for a Grand Slam.
Once Ronan O'Gara - who replaced Sexton - had drawn Ireland level with two penalties, Owen Farrell added two more to his earlier brace to push England clear in well-orchestrated finish by the visitors.
Time and again any Irish momentum was halted by unforced errors and even the wet conditions failed to account for the number of handling mistakes they made.
"I don't want to blame the conditions because both teams played in them," captain Jamie Heaslip said.
"There were a lot of knock ons and unforced errors. I don't know what caused all the errors.
"It was frustrating and we constantly tried to regroup and go again. England played a good pressure game.
"There were a lot of sore guys in the changing room, particularly because of the hits they took but also because they lost in a green jersey at home."


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Greek Turkish Coffee Pot Solid Brass 3mm - Olympicco Collection - 11.6 OzNext
Out of stock
Greek Turkish Coffee Pot Solid Brass 3mm - Handmade Elegant Patterns with Coffee Flowers and Greek Key Design - Removable Wooden Handle - Olympicco Collection - 11.6 Oz
- Olympicco Collection was created by Olympic Trading featuring collections of the best handmade and decorative coffee pots allowing you to enjoy Greek, Turkish and Arabic Coffee.
- If you are looking for the best coffee pot that boils easily and makes the most delicious coffee, then the Greek Turkish Coffee Pot Solid Brass with handmade elegant pattern with coffee flowers and Greek key design with removable wooden handle is the best choice.
- This coffee pots solid brass material is the thickest and elegant coffee pot on the market, makes up an excellent coffee warmer and the elegant patterns and designs make this exclusive Greek/Turkish coffee pot a gorgeous addition to your kitchen. Our company only offers the best from OLYMPICCO Collection of Greek design into coffee pots.
- PRODUCT DETAILS INFORMATION:Brass Thickness: 2.8 mm / Capacity: 11.6. Oz - 3-4 demitasse cups /Height: 4" / Diameter at base: 3-¾" / Weight: 1.4 Pounds.
- Manufactured Exclusively for: OLYMPIC TRADING CO - The OLYMPICCO Collection logo can be seen on this Turkish coffee pot assuring individuals of the product's authenticity. To ensure these coffee pots that guarantees the authenticity, check at the bottom of Greek Turkish coffee pot..
- OLYMPICCO Offers 100% Money-Back and Satisfaction Guarantees.
Returns Policy
You may return most new, unopened items within 30 days of delivery for a full refund. We'll also pay the return shipping costs if the return is a result of our error (you received an incorrect or defective item, etc.).
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Current dragon and former Jalopnik Editor-in-Chief Ray Wert is moving on from his position as Executive Director of Content for Gawker Media to form his own company, Tiny Toy Car, which will "provide online publishers and their automotive agency clients with customized, branded advertising content designed to entertain, inform and engage car shoppers and automotive enthusiasts."
His first client will be… Gawker Media. So he's still around.
As a few of you expressed interest in what this means, and what his old job actually was, I invited Ray to talk about it/answer your questions in Kinja.


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Many of the English faculty have developed online projects to enhance our teaching.This page highlights a few examples of such projects.
Stephen Andrews has collaborated with Ralph Russell of the music department and technologists David Berk and Munindra Khaund to create a multimedia edition of The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches.
Erik Simpson has integrated all of his syllabi and teaching materials into Connections: A Hypertext Resource for Literature, and he worked with six Grinnell students to create The Transatlantic 1790s: Chronology, Bibliography, and Projects.
Shuchi Kapila has constructed an online Introduction to Indian Writing in English, a presentation optimized for recent versions of Internet Explorer, and she worked with her students in English 224 to construct Student Group Wikis.
Elizabeth Dobbs worked with Khaund to create an online edition of her Dr. Syntax: Improving Your Writing of Arguments.


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Instruments from the COULOSCOPE CMS2 range measure coating thicknesses by means of deplating layers through electrolysis. In particular, the Coulometric method can be used to precisely determine multi-layers on any kind of substrate. The CMS2 STEP version is deployed for standards-compliant STEP Test measurement of single layers and to detect differences in potential, for example in the quality control of nickel multi-layers.
- Precise measurement of multi-layers with highly accurate electrolytic deplating technique (coulometry)
- Easy to operate via display and graphically supported user guidance
- Universally applicable: measurement on metallic and non-metallic substrates, also suitable for multi-layer coatings
- Adaptation to specific requirements through a comprehensive portfolio of accessories
- Any kind of metal coatings on metallic and non-metallic substrates
- Coating thickness measurement of single and multiple layers
- Especially suited to the measurement of nickel multi-layers via STEP Test
- Suitable for coating thicknesses from 0.05 µm to 40 µm
Your contact to FISCHER
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Hey all,
Anyone know of list of all vanilla Doom engine/mapping limitations with detailed information existing anywhere? So far I can only really find these:
https://doomwiki.org/wiki/Vanilla_Doom_ ... _reference
...and some forum threads on the topic here and there. I am currently specifically wondering about sector special/lighting effect limits in a map. I have a map I'm working on (In this thread here: viewtopic.php?f=12&t=7698) that has a ton of sector specials, specifically a LOT of sector effect 16 - 10% or 20% damage. The map seems to (last I checked) have a certain area with the 17 flickering fire special that doesn't work in vanilla or Chocolate Doom (the area with the Baron of Hell, chainsaw and torches on pillars, textured with marble/GSTONE/viney textures), and I think I have exceeded an engine limitation in that regard. So I'm wondering, what are the limitations for sector specials and lighting effects that I should take into consideration when designing a map for vanilla compatibility? Any vanilla Doom gurus or others who know about it, please let me know. Thanks.
All known vanilla Doom limitations - is there a place online I can find a list of them, with info/explanations?
Need help with your project? Ask here.
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Re: All known vanilla Doom limitations - is there a place online I can find a list of them, with info/explanations?
I don't think there's a more exhaustive list anywhere else. There is no static limit on the number of thinkers, it uses a linked list for them instead of an array.Davitch wrote: ↑Sun May 27, 2018 8:03https://doomwiki.org/wiki/Static_limits
You may want to try asking on Doomworld why your map glitches.
Post Reply
2 posts • Page 1 of 1


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- 01Fabergent
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2011 release from this band featuring former Jefferson Airplane members Jorma Kaukonen and Jack Casady, their first all-new studio album in 20 years! On Steady As She Goes, Kaukonen and Casady masterfully blend Americana Rock with Blues and acoustic Folk on a record that hits their full spectrum of styles from electric and acoustic Hot Tuna to their days in Jefferson Airplane. Reaching a zenith of their historic career, Steady As She Goes is an absolute masterpiece.
Track List:
1. Angel of Darkness
2. Children of Zion
3. Second Chances
4. Goodbye to the Blues
5. A Little Faster
6. Mourning Interrupted
7. Easy Now Revisited
8. Smokerise Journey
9. Things That Might Have Been
11. If This is Love
12. Vicksburg Stomp


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Toward a new immigration policy
Related Articles
- Immigration Legislation. // Congressional Digest;Mar1986, Vol. 65 Issue 3, p69
Pending in the House is the Senate-passed Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1985. Discussion of the legislation includes controlling illegal entry; recent action in Congress; and a summary of the Senate-passed act.
- The Immigration Act Of 1989. // Congressional Digest;Oct89, Vol. 68 Issue 10, p225
Presents a general discussion of the immigration issue in the United States. Reforms; Conflicts.
- Amendments To S. 358, The Immigration Act Of 1989. // Congressional Digest;Oct89, Vol. 68 Issue 10, p232
Presents the amendments considered by the Senate to S.358, the immigration Act of 1989, as described in the Congressional Record.
- Major Provisions Of S. 358. // Congressional Digest;Oct89, Vol. 68 Issue 10, p233
Summarizes S. 358, the Immigration Act of 1989, as amended, which was passed in the Senate on July 13, 1989 by a vote of 81-17 and which still awaits action by the House of Representatives.
- Should The Senate-Passed Immigration Act Of 1989 Be Approved? // Congressional Digest;Oct89, Vol. 68 Issue 10, p236
Presents the arguments from the pro side of the debate over whether or not the Senate-passed Immigration Act of 1989 should be approved as argued by the Hon. Edward M. Kennedy, Hon. Alan K. Simpson, Hon. Paul Simon, Hon. Phil Gramm, Hon. Terry Sanford, and the Hon. Brock Adams.
- Closing the door, a little. // Christian Science Monitor;6/8/95, Vol. 87 Issue 135, p20
Editorial. Reports on the Congress reworking the nation's immigration laws. Findings of a report by the Commission on Immigration Reform chartered by Congress; Analysis of California's Proposition 187; Details of the action sought by the Commission to bring down legal migrants; Reasons for...
- Narrating the nation, unwelcoming the stranger: Anti-immigration policy in contemporary `America'. Shapiro, Michael J. // Alternatives: Global, Local, Political;Jan-Mar1997, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p1
Analyzes the anti-immigration policy in contemporary `America.' Effects of representational practices in the United States; Revelations of the biblical texts on the righteousness of endogamy; Extent of the Arabs being strangers to Jews; Insights on the drive to constitute the `American' identity.
- Immigration law: Catch-22 for small businesses. LaFemina, Lorraine // Long Island Business News (7/1993 to 5/2009);7/3/95, Vol. 42 Issue 27, p11
Comments on the impact of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 on small businesses in Long Island, NY. Debate on immigration; New York State savings from removal of alien prison inmates; Penalties for employing illegal immigrants; Increase in paperwork violation fines; Specialty...
- Statement on signing the executive order on illegal immigration. Clinton, William J. // Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents;2/19/96, Vol. 32 Issue 7, p283
Presents the United States President Bill Clinton's statement on signing the Executive Order on immigration on February 13, 1996. Purpose of the Executive Order; Implication for employment discrimination laws.


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Round handbag in shiny & suede calfskin Carry: hand, long shoulder & cross-body - Front flap with magnet closure - 1 front inside pocket - 1 flat inside pocket - 1 removable short leather strap for shoulder & hand carry - 1 long adjustable & removable leather strap for long shoulder & cross-body carry - Mix of golden brass & silver finish - Cotton lining Comes with a dust bag Width: 26 cm / 10.2" Height: 22 cm / 8.7" Depth: 8 cm / 3.1" Strap length min: 48.5 cm / 19'" This handbag is made from pure aniline leather. Tanning imparts a specific character to the skin, such as hues and wrinkles, combined with a light and transparent aniline finish. Respect care instructions on the leaflet. Colour: sepia brown Item code: CHC18WS152A3727S
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There is something alluring about the eerie, macabre side of life (or death, for that matter), so it's not surprising that plenty of sinister, chilling places in history have become popular tourist attractions. From Western Europe to Asia, there are some truly creepy places to visit around the world – here are a few that are bound to make your hair stand on end. Additional content by Holly Dudley.
Catacombe dei Cappuccini, Palermo, Sicily
Whether it's an incredible archive of history or a rather macabre tourist attraction, these catacombs house around 8,000 mummified friars and locals who were preserved between 1533 and 1920. Some of the mummies stand in all their finest clothes while description plaques offer quotes that make you consider you own mortality, such as: "What you are now we used to be; what we are now you will be."
Aokigahara Forest, Japan
Since Seicho Matsumoto's novel Kuroi Kaiju (Black Sea of Trees) was published - with a scene in which two characters commit suicide in the Aokigahara Forest - it has been the spot du jour for suicides. Since the 50s over 500 people have killed themselves amongst the trees - with 78 people taking their lives in 2002 alone. And it's now considered one of the creepiest places in Japan.
The authorities, recognising the morbid draw the forest has, have scattered signs encouraging suicidal people to think twice, with messages like "Think of your family!". But visitors be warned: the forest covers such a vast area that not all suicides are discovered - so tourists run the risk of making a gruesome discovery.
© mokokomo/Shutterstock
Tyneham Village, England
Another ghost town – this time with a slightly less sinister story behind it – is the civil parish of Tyneham Village in Dorset, England. Just before Christmas of 1943, all residents were ordered out of their homes by the military as the then War Office (now the MoD) decided to use the site for firing ranges and training purposes. It was meant to be a temporary measure but the village has remained empty ever since, so the houses, post office, school, church and phone box have been left to crumble.
Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, Vietnam
On this historic site, where Ho Chi Minh read the Declaration of Independence in 1945, now stands a memorial and mausoleum to the man himself. His body lies, preserved and cooled, in the central hall of the mausoleum, protected by military guard. Visitors can queue – sometimes for hours – to get a glimpse of the communist leader in his glass case. Upon entering the mausoleum tourists and locals are ushered along in a constant stream of people and the entire, quite bizarre experience, lasts for an uneasy 30 seconds.
© Efired/Shutterstock
Memento Mori, Bournemouth, England
"Remember you will die" is just one message the eclectic (to say the least) owners of this shop want to convey to the public of Westborne, Bournemouth. Selling everything macabre, from a fully articulated Victorian skeleton named Lizzie to an old headman's axe once used for executions, the shop is not only an eccentric addition to this sleepy town's retail industry, but also a fascinating lesson in medical and Victorian history. Pick the brains of Starla and Matt, who can tell you a story about pretty much any item in their shop.
Patarei Prison, Estonia
Explore the cells, corridors and work areas for a real sense of the stark and depressing life of a Soviet-era prisoner. Paterei opened as a sea fortress in 1840 and kept inmates confined between 1919 and 2004. Now it's open to the public. There is an operating room where medical procedures took place on old, clunky equipment, and the bunk beds are rusty but still intact. Guided tours are available and will give plenty of history and context to your eerie surroundings.
The Overtoun Bridge, Scotland
In the sleepy little Scottish village of Milton lurks the now internationally-known Overtoun Bridge. This gothic looking construction has, since the 1950s, been the site of at least 50 canine deaths. According to witnesses, dogs inexplicably get the urge to leap to their deaths from the side of the bridge, leading to claims that something paranormal is causing dogs to commit suicide at this particular spot. It's been observed that some dogs who survive the fall recover, then climb back onto the bridge to jump all over again!
Overtoun has a reputation as the site of paranormal phemonena in Celtic mythology - a place of dark deeds and tragedy. Some think that sensitive dogs are being spooked by something at the bridge, but there might be a more earthly reason for this phenomenon. The majority of suicidal canines are long-nosed breeds - Greyhound, Labrador, Retriever - all leap from the same side of Overtoun and usually do so on clear days, which some have said supports the theory that the bridge's banks are home to some particularly aromatic form of rodent. Whatever the truth is, we'll be keeping our doggies on the lead if we venture near Overtoun…
The Sedlec Ossuary, Czech Republic
In the 13th century, demand for burial space in the Sedlec cemetery soared after soil from the Holy Land was sprinkled on the ground there. This continued into the 19th century, when in 1870 the priests decided to do something with the bones. Using bones like human lego, Czech woodcarver František Rint used them to decorate and furnish the chapel - now thought to contain the remains of 40,000 to 70,000 people.
Although extremely creepy, the Ossuary is also a testament to Rint's skill. He used his unusual material to fashion, amongst other things, two monstraces to adorn the main alter and a unique coat-of-arms for the noble Schwarzenberg family. But the pièce de résistance is the enormous chandelier in the centre of the chapel's nave, constructed of every bone in the human body.
Isla de las Muñecas, Mexico
Within a swamp south of Mexico City you'll find Isla de las Munecas, or the Island of the Dolls. The story goes that in the 60s a little girl drowned in the Xochimilco waterways around the island. Soon after, the island's only inhabitant, recluse Don Julián Santana Barrera, found a doll - thought to be the little girl's - in the water. In the following days he discovered more dolls and became convinced that they were a paranormal sign. He started collecting dolls and hanging them all over the island, in the belief that they were vessels for spirits that kept the dead girl company and protected his island from further tragedy.
This went on and Isla de las Munecas became the stuff of nightmares with hundreds of mutilated dolls hanging from the trees. Then, in 2001 Barrera died in mysterious circumstances. Many now believe that the spirit-inhabited dolls murdered him in some real life version of the Chucky movies. This rumor is further supported by claims that the dolls come alive at night.
Winchester House, USA
Seemingly endless hallways, secret passages, crazy twists, doors opening onto walls… Winchester House is like something out of a mystery novel. But it's 100% real. After the death of her husband and daughter, Sarah Winchester, heiress to the Winchester firearms company, visited a soothsayer. During their exchange, she was told something paranormal was at work and the spirits of all those killed by Winchester rifles were haunting her. To calm them she needed to build a house - and never stop building. So construction of the 160-room complex began shortly after in 1884 and didn't end until 38 years later, when Sarah died.
The sprawling mansion is infused with creepy details designed by Sarah to confuse the spirits, including dead ends and staircases that lead to nowhere. The house is decorated throughout with a spider motif, which she believed had spiritual meaning, and everything is arranged in multiples of 13. It's a disconcerting place where you're aware you could get lost at any moment - and reports have been made of banging doors, flashing lights and owner-less footsteps ever since the house was opened to the public.


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Want to play Henry Mancini's "Moon River" (famously featured in Breakfast at Tiffany's) on your ukulele? Learn how with this free video ukulele lesson from Ukulele Mike. Whether you play the ukulele or bass kazoo, there is no better way to improve your chops than by learning to play your favorite songs. Not only is it more fun and much easier than running drills or memorizing a chord book by wrote, it's obviously also a wonderful way to build your repertory of songs. For more information, and to get started playing "Moon River" on your own uke, watch this video tutorial.
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Brown, Hallie Q.
|FRANCES JANE BROWN -- April 15, 1819--April 16, 1914
Frances Jane Scroggins first saw the light of day in Winchester, Virginia. Her mother, Ellen Anne Scroggins, with three other small girls formed the household. Their names were Harriet, Eliza Anne and Martha Ellen. Their father died leaving them alone and unprotected.
The grandfather of these children was an officer in the Revolutionary War. He did the honorable thing by emancipating the mother and the four little girls. But they were left destitute and were bound out until a few years later when their mother married a free man, William Tocus, and the children were brought under the shelter of a home.
Frances Jane, the subject of this sketch, often related the cruel treatment at the hands of her "bound mistress," lack of food, clothes and sharp reproof; often stripes from leather tawse upon her bare shoulders. She was frequently mistaken for the daughter of her mistress which so enraged that lady that Frances' long, black hair was cut zigzag that it might grow curly, but it only grew out the straighter. She was made to stand in the sun to tan her, but her complexion was as soft and beautiful as a rose petal. The rigid laws of Virginia prohibited her from ever learning to read or write.
Other children came to the Tocus family increasing the number to seven. It was then that the father, with rare courage and faith determined to migrate to a free state. Frances relates the journey. "We were placed in a big old fashioned covered wagon drawn by four large, black horses which were Daddy's pride. There was plenty of room for us all with feather beds and patch work quilts. We were


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Jump to navigation
The Hagley Digital Archives provides online access to selected items from the Hagley Library's collection of images, documents, and publications related to the history of business, technology, and society.
The DuPont Woolen Venture
Hartmann, Thomas B.
Wool industryMills and mill-work
Du Pont, Bauduy & Company
Hartmann, Thomas B.Du Pont, Bauduy & Company
1 manuscript (154 pages)
Manuscripts and Archives Department, Hagley Museum and Library
Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation research reports (Accession 1645)
Box 2
[Description and dates], Hagley ID, Box/folder number, Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation research reports (Accession 1645), Manuscripts and Archives Department, Hagley Museum and Library, Wilmington, DE 19807
Access to this item is provided for educational and research purposes only. The user assumes responsibility for obtaining permission from the copyright holder to publish or distribute this image. If you would like more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com


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Beţiktaţ are top of the Turkish league, two points clear of Fenerbahçe and five points clear of Galatasaray, thanks to a late 1-0 win over the weekend.
Beţiktaţ beat Bursaspor by a single goal last night, and the winner was a brilliant team from the visitors.
Ođuzhan Özyakup finished a wonderful 89th minute goal.
Following a thrown-in, the Beţiktaţ players knocked the ball around like ice hockey players shifting the puck on ice, and they quickly carve a gaping hole in the home defence.
A series of one-touch passes was eventually finished by Ođuzhan Özyakup's low shot from outside the box.
Beţiktaţ are currently first in the league two points clear of second placed Fenerbahçe and five ahead of reigning champions Galatasaray.


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Kosmos 133, the first in the long line of Soyuz ("Union") spacecraft, lifted off unmanned from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Central Asia on November 28, 1966. Its mission: to dock automatically with Kosmos 134, another unmanned Soyuz that was scheduled to be launched the following day.
The new spacecraft included three modules. These were, from aft to fore, the cylindrical service module containing the spacecraft's main rocket engine; the cramped descent module, designed for land landing, which included the main control panel, heat shield, main and backup parachutes, soft-landing rockets, and three cosmonaut launch and landing couches; and, linked to the descent module by a hatchway, the ovoid orbital module, which contained extra living space and included a docking unit. The three modules had a combined mass of about 7000 kilograms.
During reentry, the orbital and service modules would separate from the descent module and disintegrate high above the Earth. The 2900-kilogram descent module would blaze through the atmosphere, rolling about its center of gravity to generate lift and reduce the level of deceleration its crew would experience. About 11 kilometers above the Earth, the module would deploy its twin drogue parachutes, then its single main parachute would open. Just before landing, it would ignite its solid-propellant soft-landing rockets, then it would bump down within a recovery zone north of Baikonur.
Any joy flight controllers in Moscow felt as Kosmos 133 soared above the Earth vanished when they found that its attitude control system did not work properly. They called off the Kosmos 134 launch. Several times they tried to orient Kosmos 133 so that its main engine pointed in its direction of motion in preparation for retrofire and reentry. On November 30, they commanded the first Soyuz to self-destruct when it appeared that it would land in China, far downrange from its intended recovery zone.
When reporting on the half decade that followed Kosmos 133, it needs less space to describe Soyuz and Soyuz-derived spacecraft successes than it does to list their failures. Kosmos 186 and 188 successfully performed an automated docking in late October 1967, and Kosmos 212 and 213 repeated the feat in April 1968. In January 1969, the manned Soyuz 4 and 5 spacecraft docked and two cosmonauts spacewalked between them. Zond 7, a prototype manned circumlunar Soyuz variant without an orbital module, flew unmanned around the moon and landed as planned in the Soviet Union in August 1969, a month after Apollo 11. The two-man crew of Soyuz 9 remained aloft for nearly 18 days in June 1970, breaking the space endurance record Gemini VII had set in 1965.
These scattered successes should not obscure the fact that, of the 16 individual cosmonauts launched on Soyuz between 1967 and 1971, one-quarter lost their lives. Of the more than 30 Soyuz-derived spacecraft launched in that same period, all but nine failed in some significant way.
Following the deaths of the three Soyuz 11 cosmonauts after they undocked from the Salyut 1 space station on June 29, 1971, Soyuz underwent a major redesign. When manned Soyuz flights resumed in September 1973, the spacecraft could carry no more than two space-suited cosmonauts. Soyuz spacecraft suffered more malfunctions in the 1970s, often failing to reach their space station targets, but no more cosmonauts died.
The 1977 advent of the highly reliable Progress Soyuz variant, an automated cargo ship for resupplying space stations, marked a break from the past for Soyuz. Malfunctions tailed off and, after a dramatic launch pad booster explosion in 1983, no Soyuz failed to dock with its space station target. Even the pad explosion could be seen as a sign of design maturity; despite suffering escape system damage, the Soyuz saved its crew.
Technology upgrades produced first the Soyuz-T and then the Soyuz-TM variants, which could transport up to three space-suited cosmonauts. By the early 1990s, Soyuz had developed a reputation for sturdy reliability.
Even before the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, officials with the Soviet aerospace enterprise NPO Energia began to peddle their wares, including Soyuz, at major international aerospace meetings. An implied subtext of these promotional efforts was that, if the West would not buy products from the financially strapped Soviet aerospace sector, then its engineers might sell their technical expertise to countries opposed to Western interests. The threat - and promise - of Soviet space technology soon attracted the attention of the U.S. government. Spaceflight entered the geopolitical arena in a way it had not done since the mid-1970s, when the 1975 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) became the poster-child for President Richard Nixon's policy of detente.
In December 1991, Congress directed NASA to study the feasibility of using the Soyuz-TM as a low-cost "lifeboat" or "escape pod" for its planned Freedom space station. The concept of a space station lifeboat is an old one, dating back at least to the 1960s. NASA had acknowledged the need for such a vehicle soon after the January 1986 Challenger accident killed seven astronauts and grounded the Shuttle fleet for almost three years.
NASA foresaw three scenarios in which a space station lifeboat might save lives. First, a medical emergency on board Space Station Freedom might require rapid evacuation of a sick or injured astronaut. Second, a disaster on the station - for example, a fire - might render it uninhabitable. Finally, another Shuttle accident might ground the Orbiter fleet, stranding a crew on the station without resupply.
By early 1992, NASA had offered up several designs for an Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV), as it called its planned Freedom lifeboat (image at top of post). Unfortunately, even the simplest would cost at least $1 billion to develop. It would, after all, constitute a wholly new piloted spacecraft designed to remain docked to Freedom for years, dormant but always ready.
As part of the preliminary Soyuz ACRV feasibility study for Congress, NASA engineers traveled to Moscow in March 1992 to meet with Russian government and NPO Energia officials. The agency completed its study the following month. In its study report, NASA portrayed Soyuz-TM as an interim lifeboat useful during the period when Freedom's crew numbered no more than three. Soyuz-TM would, it was hoped, move nearer the day when Freedom could be continuously staffed. In about the year 2000, as Freedom's population grew to six or eight astronauts, an "optimized" U.S.-built ACRV would take over from Soyuz.
On June 17, 1992, U.S. President George H. W. Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed agreements in Moscow providing for broad space cooperation. A Russian cosmonaut would fly on the U.S. Space Shuttle, a U.S. astronaut would live on board the Russian Mir station, and a Shuttle Orbiter would dock with Mir. The following day, NASA and the Russian Space Agency signed a $1-million contract by which they agreed to jointly assess Russian space technology, including Soyuz-TM, for use in NASA programs.
It had, of course, already become obvious that Soyuz-TM would need modifications to become an ACRV for Freedom. Most mundane, perhaps, its Russian control panel labels would need to be replaced with English. More importantly, its on-orbit endurance would need to be stretched from 180 days to three years and its docking unit would need to be made compatible with Freedom's docking ports. In addition, NPO Energia would need to find a way to squeeze NASA's tallest astronauts into Soyuz's cramped descent module.
Even more challenging was the matter of Freedom's orbit about the Earth. NASA planned to assemble its station in an orbit inclined 28.5° relative to Earth's equator. A Shuttle Orbiter launched due east from Kennedy Space Center, located on Florida's east coast at 28.5° north latitude, would in theory be capable of reaching Freedom bearing its maximum possible payload. The station would orbit over an equator-centered, globe-girdling band of Earth's surface spanning from 28.5° north latitude to 28.5° south latitude.
Freedom's orbit meant that, if Soyuz-TM were launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on the normal Soyuz launch vehicle, it could not reach the U.S. station. The sprawling central Asian launch complex is located in Kazakstan at 46° north. The Soyuz launch vehicle normally propels the Soyuz spacecraft toward an orbit inclined 51.6° relative to the equator to avoid overflying China during ascent to orbit. The Soyuz ACRV would then need to change its orbital plane by a whopping 23.1° to rendezvous with Freedom. Each degree of plane change would demand hundreds of kilograms of propellants. If the Soyuz ACRV were to be launched to Freedom from Baikonur, then the larger, more powerful, and more costly four-stage Proton booster would need to do the job. Its entire fourth stage, suitable for launching spacecraft out of Earth orbit toward the moon and planets, would have to be expended to make the plane change.
NASA envisioned that, instead of Proton, a Shuttle Orbiter launched from Kennedy Space Center would deliver the unmanned Soyuz ACRV to Freedom. Orbiter or station robot arms would then pluck it from the Orbiter payload bay and berth it at a waiting Freedom docking port. Alternately, the Soyuz ACRV might launch unmanned from Florida on a U.S. expendable rocket such as Atlas and perform an automated rendezvous and docking with Freedom.
Freedom's 28.5° orbit would also affect where the Soyuz ACRV's descent module could land after evacuating a Freedom crew. The normal Soyuz landing area is located at about 50° north, far out of range of a Soyuz descent module returning from Freedom.
In a June 1993 report, the ACRV Project Office at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston summed up its study of potential Soyuz ACRV landing zones. It noted that, because of Freedom's orbit, a Soyuz ACRV could land on U.S. soil only in south Texas or south Florida. (The report made no mention of Hawaii, the southernmost U.S. state, over which Freedom would pass regularly.)
The ACRV Project Office then looked abroad to countries with wide-open spaces. Australia appeared ideal. The northern two-thirds of the country lies between 28.5° and about 10° south latitude, and much of its interior is flat, arid, and sparsely populated.
As part of the June 1992 $1-million contract, NASA engineers and officials, a U.S. State Department representative, and NPO Energia engineer Valentin Ovciannikov traveled to Australia in November 1992 to conduct a preliminary assessment of four potential Soyuz ACRV landing zones. The Australian Space Office (ASO), working with the Australian Geological Survey Organization and the National Resource Information Center, selected the zones based on NPO Energia and NASA selection criteria.
The landing zone survey team stopped first in Australia's capital, Canberra, to meet with government officials. NASA expected that Australia, a signatory of the 1967 United Nations "Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Space," would stand ready to assist space travelers forced to land in its territory. They found tentative support for their plans, though the Australians made it clear that they would approve nothing until the U.S. and Australia signed a nation-to-nation treaty covering responsibility for costs and damages.
On November 11, the team began a whirlwind eight-day, 5300-nautical-mile tour of the proposed landing zones. Team members flew first to Adelaide, capital of South Australia. There they met with state police to describe the Soyuz ACRV mission and learn about Search and Rescue (SAR) capabilities in the Coober Pedy-Oodnadatta region. Coober Pedy, "the Opal Capital of the World," is a town of about 2000 people located in the Australian Outback about 460 nautical miles north of Adelaide.
The team learned that the police were responsible for SAR operations throughout Australia, and that Australian SAR personnel and equipment were concentrated in capital cities, not scattered among small Outback communities. In South Australia, the state police had four elite rescue teams and three small airplanes that could reach Coober Pedy's 4633-foot-long asphalt runway from Adelaide in two and a half hours. They leased a single helicopter that could reach the area in four hours.
The next day (November 12), the team flew to Coober Pedy in a small chartered plane. They learned that Coober Pedy police and mine rescue had at their disposal several four-wheel-drive vehicles and an ambulance. They found that much of the area was dry and flat with red, gravel-covered soil of good bearing strength. The hard surface would enable four-wheel-drive vehicles to reach points throughout the area and would help to ensure that the Soyuz ACRV landing system would operate properly.
As an aside, the team noted in its report that NASA could learn a great deal by participating in a Soyuz-TM landing. NASA engineers subsequently observed the Soyuz-TM 16 landing in Kazakstan on July 22, 1993. It was an appropriate landing for them to observe, for the spacecraft had been used to test a Russian-built APAS-89 androgynous docking unit of the type U.S. Shuttle Orbiters would use to dock with Mir during the Shuttle-Mir missions (1994-1998). The APAS-89 system, which was based on the U.S.-Soviet APAS-75 system developed for ASTP, had been built originally to enable the Soviet Buran shuttle to dock with Mir.
In the south part of the Coober Pedy zone, the survey team gathered data on the "moon plain," a large area where trees - gidgee and acacia - grew along dry watercourses and the soil had "fair to poor" bearing strength. They also noted a field of small sand dunes. NPO Energia's Ovciannikov worried that the Soyuz ACRV descent module might roll between two dunes and became stuck with its top-mounted crew hatch buried in sand. Using a hand-held anemometer and historical weather data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the team determined that wind speeds near Coober Pedy would be acceptable for Soyuz ACRV landings.
The team spent the night in Coober Pedy listening to the distant howls and barks of dingos, then flew on to Perth, the capital of Western Australia. On November 13 they discussed with state police the SAR capabilities in the area of Meekatharra, about 770 miles to the northeast. They also learned of the Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS), which had one of its 14 bases in Perth. RFDS provided rapid medical response to two-thirds of the Australian continent, including all four of the candidate landing zones. In their report, the team suggested that NASA doctors should begin to coordinate with the RFDS as soon as possible.
The police in Perth made it clear that current local needs had priority over future NASA needs. They asked to be alerted 24 hours before an expected Soyuz ACRV landing. In its report, the team noted that this would not be possible for a medical evacuation or an emergency station evacuation, though it would be possible for a crew returning from Freedom during a Shuttle stand-down.
The team flew to Meekatharra on November 14. Of great interest was a 7156-foot-long, 150-foot-wide asphalt runway at the Meekatherra Airport. In their report, the team suggested that the runway, built originally for emergency 707 landings, might be used to land cargo planes bearing rescue equipment, four-wheel-drive vehicles, and helicopters.
The team judged that Meekatherra's soil was of "excellent" bearing strength. Acacia and mulga trees stood over less than 10% of the area, which was very flat. There were, however, scattered bedrock outcrops protruding from the windswept plain. In addition to presenting a minor impact hazard, the outcrops included naturally radioactive "uraniferous" deposits. Ovciannikov expressed concern that these might interfere with the descent module's altimeter, which relied on a radioactive source. (Rescuers would need to "safe" the source before extracting astronauts from the descent module.)
Meekatharra is only about 300 miles from Australia's west coast, a fact that had both pluses and minuses for Soyuz ACRV landings. On the one hand, it meant that debris from the discarded orbital and service modules would not fall on land. On the other hand, the descent module bearing the astronauts might fall short of land if it followed a ballistic reentry path - that is, if it failed to rotate about its center of gravity to generate lift. The Soyuz-TM descent module was designed to float, but a splashdown would complicate crew recovery. Following a ballistic reentry, quick crew recovery could be crucial; the ballistic reentry would subject the astronauts, who could be weak after a long stay in weightlessness, to deceleration equal to 10 times Earth's surface gravity.
The team flew on to Darwin, capital of the Northern Territory, on November 15. There territorial police described their 30-member Police Task Force, which was trained to deal with situations as diverse as riot control, bomb disposal, and cliff rescue.
The proposed Soyuz ACRV landing zone in the Northern Territory, the largest of the four candidate zones, was centered on the town of Tennant Creek (population 3200). The territorial police explained that their SAR resources were based both in Darwin, 600 miles from Tennant Creek, and in Alice Springs, 300 miles away.
The team visited the Tennant Creek zone on November 16. They learned that the Tennant Creek police force included 25 officers but only one four-wheel drive vehicle. As at other sites, the police worried that the Soyuz ACRV soft-landing rockets might start brush fires. NPO Energia's Ovciannikov assured them through an interpreter that they would not.
The team noted that proposed landing area was in the sprawling Barkley Tableland, a region of black-earth raised plains covered with gold-colored Mitchell grass. Ovciannikov observed that the area resembled the Soyuz-TM "landing grounds" around Dzhezkazgan, Kazakstan.
Unlike the other landing zones, Tennant Creek had distinct wet and dry seasons, with the former occurring in the southern-hemisphere summer/early autumn months (December through March). Located just 19.5° south of the equator, it was also the hottest of the four zones, with an average of 22 days per year above 40° Celsius (104° Farenheit). Flooding from seasonal rains would not interfere with a Soyuz ACRV landing, Ovciannikov explained, but it might impede surface vehicles dispatched to recover the astronauts.
The team flew to Charleville in Queensland on November 17 without stopping in Brisbane, the state's capital. They found that the airport in Charleville included two asphalt runways, the largest of which was 5000 feet long and 100 feet wide. Though they met with local police, the team's report on the Charleville zone included no SAR data.
Charleville's rolling plains, or downs, differed from the other zones the team surveyed in that they included many large trees (briglow and sandalwood) interspersed with "square" and "circle" treeless areas used for grazing and farming. Charleville police told the team that local ranchers and farmers knocked down and burned the trees to create grazing land; if left alone, however, the trees grew back within a few years.
Ovciannnikov compared Charleville to the "wooded steppe" on the north edge of the Soyuz-TM landing zone near Arkalyk, Kazakstan. The open areas would make acceptable landing sites, though the bearing strength of their black and brown loamy soils was rated only "fair."
The team returned to Canberra late on November 18. After another meeting with Australian government officials, during which they signed a document that summarized what the parties had learned and what had been agreed, its members departed Australia on November 20, 1992.
Shortly before the team began its Australian tour, U.S. voters had gone to the polls, where they favored Democrat William Clinton for President over Republican incumbent George H. W. Bush. Many in NASA feared that, after he took office in January 1993, Clinton would not support Space Station Freedom. With no station, their reasoning went, the Shuttle would lose its purpose, and U.S. piloted spaceflight would end.
Clinton did not in fact support Freedom; that did not mean, however, that he failed to find value in a space station. On March 9, 1993, he ordered NASA to produce three cost-contained station designs in 90 days. The President, aided by an advisory committee, would then select one design for continued development. Clinton also handed off supervision of the NASA space program to his Vice President, Al Gore. On March 25, Gore appointed the Advisory Committee on the Redesign of the Space Station, chaired by MIT's Charles Vest.
That same month, in a letter to NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin, Russian Space Agency director Yuri Koptev and NPO Energia director Yuri Semenov proposed what would become the NASA station program's salvation: a merger of the financially strapped, politically troubled Freedom and Mir-2 programs. They proposed that the joint station be assembled in an orbit inclined more than 50° relative to Earth's equator. The following month, the Russians provided NASA with a straw-man assembly sequence for the joint station.
On May 11, 1993, Vest advised the White House that, regardless of the station design selected, the U.S. station should be built in what he called a "world orbit" inclined between 45.6° and 51.6° so that Russian - and Japanese and Chinese - rockets and spacecraft could easily reach it. This would, he explained, ensure that redundant means of reaching the station would exist. He added that "the shuttle will likely be grounded again during the operational life of the station."
Vest presented the Advisory Committee's report to the White House on June 10, 1993. Barely two weeks later, on June 23, the U.S. station program had a near-death experience; the House of Representatives approved Fiscal Year 1994 station funding by a margin of a single vote (215-216). The close vote, which showed how politically vulnerable Freedom had become, clearly conveyed to many in NASA that station program reform had become essential.
President Clinton soon approved Option A, or Alpha, the station design most like Freedom. Meanwhile, the proposal to merge the U.S. and Russian station programs gained momentum. Engineers and managers in Moscow, Washington, and Houston began to refer to "Ralpha," which was short for "Russian Alpha."
On September 2, 1993, Vice President Gore and Russian Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin released a joint statement on U.S.-Russian space cooperation. In it, they announced a dramatic expansion of the plan outlined in the June 1992 Bush-Yeltsin agreement. Russia became a full partner in the space station; minus its participation, the station simply would not fly. At the same time, however, NASA would pay Russia for its involvement, which put it in the role of a NASA contractor. Though ambiguous and controversial in some quarters, the expanded Russian role reinforced the geopolitical justification for the station, helping to ensure that Congress would support it.
In November 1993, NASA and the Russian Space Agency completed an addendum to NASA's August 1993 Alpha Station Program Plan. It amounted to a blueprint for merging the Alpha and Mir-2 programs. The resulting International Space Station (ISS) would be assembled in a 51.6° orbit, which meant that Soyuz landing zones in Australia were no longer required. Soyuz spacecraft returning from the ISS could land in their normal recovery zones in central Asia, or in backup zones in the U.S. Midwest and Great Plains. (The latter had existed, apparently without U.S. knowledge, since the 1970s.)
The first ISS resident crew, Expedition 1, departed Baikonur Cosmodrome on board Soyuz-TM 31 on October 31, 2000. While they were on board ISS, Soyuz-TM 31 did double-duty as their lifeboat. The Shuttle Orbiter *Discovery *retrieved the Expedition 1 crew in March 2001 and delivered their replacements. In May 2001, as Soyuz-TM 31 neared the end of its 180-day endurance, the Soyuz-TM 32 spacecraft arrived bearing visitors. After a week-long stay on the ISS, Soyuz-TM 32's crew returned to Earth in Soyuz-TM 31, leaving behind their fresh spacecraft for the Expedition 2 crew.
Per NASA requirements, NPO Energia redesigned the Soyuz-TM interior to produce the Soyuz-TMA. Soyuz-TMA's chief modification was that it could accommodate taller members of the U.S. astronaut corps than could previous Soyuz variants. Soyuz-TMA 1 reached space in October 2002. About a week later, its crew returned to Earth in Soyuz-TM 34, the last of Soyuz-TM series, leaving their fresh spacecraft for the resident ISS Expedition 6 crew.
Soyuz was the only ISS crew transport available during the 29-month Space Shuttle stand-down that followed the February 1, 2003 Columbia accident. While the Shuttle remained Earthbound, two-person "caretaker" crews staffed the ISS. The first, Expedition 7, reached the ISS on board Soyuz-TMA 2 in April 2003. Two-man crews remained the norm until the second post-*Columbia *Shuttle flight, STS-121, added a third crewman to Expedition 13 (July 2006). Each of the six caretaker crews landed in the same Soyuz-TMA spacecraft that had delivered them to the station.
The ISS began sporadically to support six-person crews starting with Expedition 20 in 2009. This necessitated the presence of two Soyuz spacecraft at the station to ensure lifeboat capability for the entire crew. For Expedition 20, the docked Soyuz were Soyuz-TMA 14 and Soyuz-TMA 15. From May to July 2009, astronauts from all the ISS partners (Canada, Europe, Japan, Russia, and U.S.) lived on board the ISS simultaneously for the first time.
In July 2011, President George W. Bush's January 2004 order to retire the Shuttle fleet when ISS assembly was completed took effect. Bush had failed to adequately fund the Shuttle's replacement, Apollo look-alike Orion, so that when he left office (January 20, 2009) its first manned orbital flight was still at least five years in the future. (The Augustine Committee estimated that Orion's first flight could not occur before 2017.) Soyuz again became the sole means of ISS crew transport.
Soyuz-TMA 22, launched November 14, 2011, and expected to undock from the ISS and return to Earth at the end of this week (April 27, 2012), is meant to be the last in its series. In October 2010 and June 2011, the Russians used Soyuz-TMA's planned successor, the Soyuz-TMA-M spacecraft, to deliver crews to the ISS. The missions, dubbed Soyuz-TMA-01M and Soyuz-TMA-02M, were considered test flights of the new Soyuz variant. In addition to digital avionics and modernized components, Soyuz TMA-M has a lighter computer and a greater payload-return capability than Soyuz-TMA.
Soyuz-TMA-03M, a "qualification" flight, is expected to be the last Soyuz-TMA-M flight before the new variant becomes fully operational. The Soyuz-TMA-03M spacecraft lifted off from Baikonur on December 21, 2011 bearing the three-man ISS Expedition 30 crew. At this writing, it is expected to remain docked to the ISS until June 2012.
Alpha Station Addendum to Program Implementation Plan, RSA/NASA, November 1, 1993.
Australian Landing Sites Evaluation and Survey, JSC-34045, Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV) Project Office, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, June 22, 1993.
Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV): Technical Feasibility Study on Use of the Soyuz TM for the Assured Crew Return Vehicle Missions, JSC-34038, Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV) Project Office, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, June 1993.
Letter with attachment, Charles M. Vest to John H. Gibbons, May 11, 1993.
Mir-Freedom Assembly Sequence, NPO Energia, April 1993.
Letter, Y. Koptev and Y. Semenov to D. Goldin, March 16, 1993.
*Assured Crew Return Vehicle (ACRV): Preliminary Feasibility Analysis of Using Soyuz TM for the Assured Crew Return Vehicle Missions* **Includes Evaluation of Automated Rendezvous and Docking System, JSC-34023, Assured Crew Return Vehicle Project Office, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, April 1992.
Beyond Apollo chronicles space history through missions and programs that didn't happen. Comments are welcome. Off-topic comments may be deleted.


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Norwood police seize dozens of pot plants from home
John Pfau faces several charges
An undercover drug operation ended with an arrest and the seizure of more than two dozen marijuana plants.
Norwood police said officers arrested 58-year-old John Pfau on Saturday at his Lafayette Avenue home.
Officials said a SWAT team and the Norwood Drug Task Forced assisted in serving a warrant at the home.
Officers said they were confronted by Pfau's "attack Chihuahua" upon entering the home. Police said the dog was highly aggressive.
Investigators said they found 25 marijuana plants ranging between 6- to 7-feet tall and 40 nursery pot plants between 4- to 6-inches in the home. Marijuana cultivation equipment was also seized.
Pfau was arrested and is being held at the Hamilton County Justice Center on a $10,000 bond.
He is due in court Monday on charges of cultivating marijuana, possession of drugs and drug trafficking.


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Leading personal computer maker Lenovo enter into the smartphone market also with its 5 new smartphones which is powered by Android is launched in Mumbai today. The smartphones – named Lenovo K860, S880, S560, P700i and A60+ – are priced between Rs 6,499-Rs 28,499.
Lenovo K860
Lenovo K860 is the High end phone of the company with 1.4GHz QuardCore processor with 1GB RAM and Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich. It also has the 8MP auto focus camera with Flash and 2MP Secondary camera with 8GB of Internal memory and this phone is also very slim as it is only 9.5 mm thick and weighs 190 grams. Lenovo K860 also has the powerful battery of 2250mAh and this high end phone from Lenovo costs Rs. 28499.
Lenovo K880
K880 is the midrange and affordable smartphone which is powered with 1GHz MTK 6575 processor with Power VR SGX531 GPU with 512MB RAM. It also have the dual sim capability which is very useful for people who are living faraway from their homes. K880 has great camera of 5MP auto focus camera and 0.3 MP front-facing camera and battery of 2250mAh and most importantly it runs on Android 4.0 Ice cream sandwich. Lenovo's this phone costs you around Rs. 18999
Lenovo S560
Lenovo S560 has Dolby Digital Plus technology, which Lenovo claims will make music sound better than ever. It has a dual-core processor, a 4-inch IPS screen and a 5 megapixel camera. It also has the dual sim capability and it runs on the Android 4.0 Price: Rs 14,499.
Lenovo P700i
P700i is also the dual sim phone at very affordable price it has the 4 inch screen with 1GHz processor with 512MB RAM and 4GB internal memory which can be expandable up to 32GB with microSD card. It runs on Android 4.0. P700i also has the camera of 5MP this phone has the great specs in this price range it will costs you Rs. 12499
Lenovo A60
It has a 1GHz processor, runs Android 2.3 operating system, and has a 3.5-inch screen.It is also the dual sim phone 1 GHz MTK 6575M processor and 256MB RAM and its battery is of 1500mAh which quite good in its price range phones.This will costs you around Rs 6,499.