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Genital herpes can be caused by either HSV-2 or HSV-1. In the past, most genital herpes cases were caused by HSV-2. In recent years, HSV-1 has become a significant cause in developed countries, including the United States. Oral sex with an infected partner can transmit HSV-1 to the genital area.
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) spread by skin-to-skin contact. The risk of infection is highest during outbreak periods when there are visible sores and lesions. However, genital herpes can also be transmitted when there are no visible symptoms. Most new cases of genital herpes infection do not cause symptoms, and many people infected with HSV-2 are unaware that they have genital herpes.
To help prevent genital herpes transmission:
When genital herpes symptoms do appear, they are usually worse during the first outbreak than during recurring attacks. During an initial outbreak:
Herpes can pose serious risks for a pregnant woman and her baby. The risk is greatest for mothers with a first-time infection, because the virus can be transmitted to the infant during childbirth. Guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend using specific diagnostic tests for women in labor to determine the risk of transmission. Babies born to mothers infected with genital herpes are often treated with the antiviral drug acyclovir, which can help suppress the virus.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common virus that causes infections of the skin and mucous membranes. It can sometimes cause more serious infections in other parts of the body.
HSV is part of a group of 8 viruses in the Herpes virus family that can cause human disease. Other viruses in this group include the varicella-zoster virus (VZV, also known as herpes zoster, the virus responsible for shingles and chickenpox), the cytomegalovirus (CMV), and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). There are many other strains of herpes viruses that can infect various animals.
Herpes viruses differ in many ways, but the viruses share certain characteristics. The word "herpes" comes from the Greek word "herpein," meaning "to creep." This refers to the unique characteristic pattern of all herpes viruses to creep along local nerve pathways to the nerve clusters at the end, where they remain in an inactive (dormant) state for variable periods of time. This period of inactivity is called latency.
There are two forms of the HSV:
HSV-1 and HSV-2 are distinguished by different proteins on their surfaces. They can infect separately, or they can both infect the same individual. Until recently, the general rule was to assume that HSV-1 caused oral herpes and HSV-2 caused genital herpes. It is now clear, however, that either type of herpes virus can be found in the genital or oral areas (or other sites). In fact, HSV-1 is now responsible for more than half of all new cases of genital herpes in developed countries.
Herpes is transmitted through close skin-to-skin contact. To infect people, the herpes simplex viruses (both HSV-1 and HSV-2) must get into the body through tiny injuries in the skin or through a mucous membrane, such as inside the mouth or on the genital or anal areas. The risk for infection is highest with direct contact of blisters or sores during an outbreak. But the infection can also develop from contact with an infected partner who does not have visible sores or other symptoms.
Once the virus has contact with the mucous membranes or skin wounds, it enters the nuclei of skin tissue cells and begins to replicate. The virus is then transported from the nerve endings of the skin to clusters of nerve cells (ganglia) where it remains inactive (latent) for some period of time.
During inactive periods, the virus is in a sleeping (dormant) state and cannot be transmitted to another person. However, at some point, the virus wakes up and travels along nerve pathways to the surface of the skin where it begins to multiply again. During this time, the virus can infect other people if it is passed along in body fluids or secretions.
This period of reactivation, replication, and transmission is called viral shedding. Viral shedding may be accompanied by noticeable symptoms (outbreak) but it can also occur without causing symptoms (asymptomatic shedding). In either case, a person is infectious during periods of viral shedding.
Symptoms may appear as multiple small red bumps or patches that develop blisters. The first time that herpes symptoms occur is called a primary, or initial, outbreak. Subsequent outbreaks are called recurrences. No one can predict when a herpes outbreak will recur. Certain triggers can wake up the virus from its dormant state and cause it to become active again. These triggers include things like stress, illness, and sunlight. In general, recurrent episodes of herpes cause less severe symptoms than the primary outbreak.
Once a person becomes infected with herpes simplex, the virus remains in the body forever. Outbreaks tend to lessen over time.
This close-up view of an early herpes outbreak shows small, grouped blisters (vesicles) and lots of inflammation (erythema).
Transmission of Oral Herpes
Oral herpes is usually caused by HSV-1. HSV-1 is the most prevalent form of HSV, and infection is most likely to occur during preschool years. Oral herpes is easily spread by direct exposure to saliva or even from droplets in breath. Skin contact with infected areas is enough to spread it. Transmission most often occurs through close personal contact, such as kissing. In addition, because HSV-1 can be passed in saliva, people should also avoid sharing toothbrushes or eating utensils.
Transmission of Genital Herpes
Genital herpes is transmitted through sexual activity. People can get HSV-2 through genital contact or HSV-1 through mouth-to-genital contact with an infected partner.
People with multiple sexual partners are at high risk as are those who do not use condoms. People with active symptoms of genital herpes are at very high risk for transmitting the infection. Unfortunately, most cases of genital herpes infections occur when the virus is shedding but producing no symptoms. Most people either have no symptoms or do not recognize them when they appear.
In the past, genital herpes was mostly caused by HSV-2, but HSV-1 genital infection is increasing. This may be due to the increase in oral sex activity among young adults. There is also evidence that children today are less likely to get cold sores and become exposed to HSV-1 during childhood. If adolescents do not have antibodies to HSV-1 by the time they become sexually active, they may be more susceptible to genitally acquiring HSV-1 through oral sex.
Oral herpes is usually caused by HSV-1. The first infection usually occurs between 6 months and 3 years of age. According to CDC estimates from 2015-2016, the prevalence of HSV-1 was 47.8% in the adult population (ages 14 to 49 years).
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 6 Americans ages 14 to 49 years have genital herpes. While HSV-2 remains the main cause of genital herpes, HSV-1 has significantly increased as a cause, most likely because of oral-genital sex. Except for people in monogamous relationships with uninfected partners, everyone who is sexually active is at risk for genital herpes.
Risk factors for genital herpes include:
Women are more susceptible to HSV-2 infection because herpes is more easily transmitted from men to women than from women to men. About 1 in 5 women, compared to 1 in 9 men, have genital herpes. African-American women are at particularly high risk.
People with compromised immune systems, such as those who have HIV, are at very high risk for genital herpes. These people are also at risk for more severe complications from herpes. Drugs that suppress the immune system, and organ transplantation, can also weaken the immune system and increase the risk for contracting genital herpes.
The only definite way to prevent genital herpes is to abstain from sex or to engage in sex in a mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner.
Infected people should take steps to avoid transmitting genital herpes to others. It is almost impossible to defend against the transmission of oral herpes, because it can be transmitted by very casual contact, including kissing. Still, you can help reduce the risk of transmitting oral herpes by not sharing objects that touch the mouth, such as eating and drinking utensils, toothbrushes, and towels.
Genital herpes is contagious from the first signs of tingling and burning (prodrome) until sores have completely healed. It is best to refrain from any type of sex (vaginal, anal, or oral) during periods of active outbreak. However, herpes can also be transmitted when symptoms are not present (asymptomatic shedding).
The following precautions can help reduce the risk of transmission:
The herpes virus does not live very long outside the body. It is very unlikely to transmit or contract genital herpes from a toilet seat or bath towel.
Studies suggest that male circumcision may help reduce the risk of HSV-2, as well as human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV infections. However, circumcision does not prevent STDs. Men who are circumcised should still practice safe sex, including using condoms.
There is currently no vaccine to prevent genital herpes, but several investigational herpes vaccines are being studied in clinical trials.
Except in very rare instances and special circumstances, HSV is not life threatening. However, herpes can cause significant and widespread complications in people who don't have a fully functioning immune system.
People infected with herpes have an increased risk for acquiring and transmitting HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The CDC recommends that all people diagnosed with HSV-2 get tested for HIV.
People with HIV who are co-infected with HSV-2 are particularly vulnerable to its complications. When a person has both viruses, each virus increases the severity of the other. HSV-2 infection increases HIV levels in the genital tract, which makes it easier for the HIV virus to be spread to sexual partners.
Pregnant women who have genital herpes due to either HSV-2 or HSV-1 carry a risk of transmission of the herpes infection to the infant in the uterus or at the time of delivery. Herpes in newborn babies (herpes neonatalis) can be a very serious condition.
Fortunately, neonatal herpes is rare. Although about 25% to 30% of pregnant women have genital herpes, less than 0.1% of babies are born with neonatal herpes. The baby is at greatest risk during a vaginal delivery, especially if the mother has an asymptomatic infection that was first introduced late in the pregnancy. In such cases, 30% to 50% of newborns become infected. This is because:
The risk for transmission also increases if infants with infected mothers are born prematurely, there is invasive monitoring, or instruments are used during vaginal delivery. Transmission can occur if the amniotic membrane of an infected woman ruptures prematurely, or as the infant passes through an infected birth canal. This risk is increased if the woman is having or has recently had an active herpes outbreak in the genital area.
Very rarely, the virus is transmitted across the placenta, a form of the infection known as congenital herpes. Also rarely, newborns may contract herpes during the first weeks of life from being kissed by someone with a herpes cold sore.
Infants may get congenital herpes from a mother with an active herpes infection at the time of birth. Aggressive treatment with antiviral medication is required.
Most infected pregnant women do not have a history of symptoms, so herpes infection is often not suspected or detected at the time of delivery.
In general, if there is evidence of an active outbreak, health care providers usually advise a cesarean birth to prevent the baby from contracting the virus in the birth canal during delivery. Some women with new or recurrent herpes may also be prescribed antiviral medication during pregnancy. A woman with herpes can usually safely breastfeed her baby, as long as she does not have a lesion on her breast or nipple.
Herpes infection in a newborn can cause a range of symptoms, including skin rash, fevers, mouth sores, and eye infections. If left untreated, neonatal herpes is a very serious and even life-threatening condition. Neonatal herpes can spread to the brain and central nervous system, causing encephalitis and meningitis. It also can lead to intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, and death. Herpes can also spread to internal organs, such as the liver and lungs.
Infants infected with herpes are treated with acyclovir, an antiviral drug. They usually receive several weeks of intravenous acyclovir treatment, often followed by several months of oral acyclovir. It is important to treat babies quickly, before the infection spreads to the brain and other organs.
Herpes Encephalitis
Herpes simplex encephalitis is inflammation of the brain caused by either HSV-1 or HSV-2. It is a rare but extremely serious brain disease. Untreated, herpes encephalitis is fatal most of the time. Respiratory arrest can occur within the first 24 to 72 hours. Fortunately, rapid diagnostic tests and treatment with acyclovir have significantly improved survival rates and reduced complication rates. Nearly all who recover have some impairment, ranging from very mild neurological changes to paralysis.
Herpes Meningitis
Herpes simplex meningitis is inflammation of the membranes that line the brain and spinal cord. It is mainly caused by HSV-2. Like encephalitis, meningitis symptoms include headache, fever, stiff neck, vomiting, and sensitivity to light. Fortunately, herpes meningitis usually resolves after about a week without complications, although symptoms can recur.
Ocular herpes is a recurrent infection that affects the eyes. It is mainly caused by HSV-1, but can also be caused by HSV-2. Ocular herpes is usually a simple infection that clears up in a few days, but in its more serious forms, and in severe cases, it can cause blindness. As a result, medical attention should be sought immediately for any suspicion of herpes infections around or in the eyes.
Types of ocular herpes include:
Eczema Herpeticum
A rare form of herpes infection called eczema herpeticum, also known as Kaposi varicelliform eruption, can affect people with skin disorders and those with a weakened immune system. The disease tends to develop into a widespread skin infection that resembles impetigo. Symptoms appear abruptly and can include fever, chills, and malaise. Clusters of dimpled blisters emerge over 7 to 10 days and spread widely. They can become secondarily infected with staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria. With treatment, lesions heal in 2 to 6 weeks. Untreated, this condition can be extremely serious and possibly fatal.
Oral herpes can cause multiple painful ulcers on the gums and mucous membranes of the mouth, a condition called gingivostomatitis. This condition usually affects children ages 1 to 5 years. It often subsides within 2 weeks. Children with gingivostomatitis commonly develop herpetic whitlow (herpes of the fingers).
Herpetic Whitlow
A herpetic whitlow is an infection of the herpes virus involving the finger, often around the fingernail. In children, this is often caused by thumb sucking or finger sucking while they have a cold sore. It can also occur in adult health care workers, such as dentists, because of increased exposure to the herpes virus. The use of latex or polyurethane gloves prevents herpes whitlow in health care workers.
Herpes symptoms vary depending on whether the outbreak is initial or recurrent. The primary outbreak is usually worse than recurrent outbreaks, with more severe and prolonged symptoms. However, most cases of herpes simplex virus infections do not produce symptoms. In fact, studies indicate that 10% to 25% of people infected with HSV-2 are unaware that they have genital herpes. Even if infected people have mild or no symptoms (asymptomatic), they can still transmit the herpes virus.
Primary Genital Herpes Outbreak
For people with symptoms, the first outbreak usually occurs in or around the genital area 2 days to 2 weeks after sexual exposure to the virus. The first signs are a tingling sensation in the affected areas (genitalia, buttocks, and thighs) and groups of small red bumps that develop into blisters. Over the next 2 to 3 weeks, more blisters can appear and rupture into painful open sores. The lesions eventually dry out, develop a crust, and heal rapidly without leaving a scar. Blisters in moist areas heal more slowly than those in dry areas. The sores may sometimes itch, but itching decreases as they heal.
About 40% of men and 70% of women develop other symptoms during initial outbreaks of genital herpes, such as flu-like discomfort, headache, muscle aches, and fever. Swollen glands may occur in the groin area or neck. Some women may have difficulty urinating and may, occasionally, require a urinary catheter. Women may also experience vaginal discharge.
Recurrent Genital Herpes Outbreak
In general, recurrences are much milder than the initial outbreak. The virus sheds for a much shorter period of time (about 3 days) compared to an initial outbreak of 3 weeks. Women may have only minor itching, and the symptoms may be even milder in men.
On average, people have about 4 recurrences during the first year, although this varies widely. Over time, recurrences decrease in frequency. There are some differences in frequency of recurrence depending on whether HSV-2 or HSV-1 caused genital herpes. HSV-2 genital infection is more likely to cause recurrences than HSV-1.
Oral herpes (herpes labialis) is most often caused by HSV-1, but can also be caused by HSV-2. It usually affects the lips and, in some primary attacks, the mucous membranes in the mouth. A herpes infection may occur on the cheeks or in the nose, but facial herpes is very uncommon.
Primary Oral Herpes Infection
If the primary (initial) oral infection causes symptoms, they can be very painful, particularly in children. Symptoms include:
Recurrent Oral Herpes Infection
A recurrent oral herpes infection is much milder than the primary outbreak. It usually manifests as a single sore, commonly called a cold sore or fever blister (because it may arise during a bout of cold or flu). The sore usually shows up on the outer edge of the lips and rarely affects the gums or throat. (Cold sores are commonly mistaken for the crater-like mouth lesions known as canker sores, which are not associated with HSV.)
Course of Recurrence
Most cases of herpes simplex recur. The site on the body and the type of virus influence how often it comes back. Recurrences of genital herpes are more likely with HSV-2 infection than with HSV-1 infection.
The virus usually takes the following course:
Triggers of Recurrence
Herpes outbreaks can be triggered by different factors. They include sunlight, wind, fever, physical injury, surgery, menstruation, suppression of the immune system, and emotional stress. Oral herpes can be triggered within about 3 days of intense dental work, particularly root canal or tooth extraction.
Timing of Recurrences
Recurrent outbreaks may occur at intervals of days, weeks, or years. For most people, outbreaks recur with more frequency during the first year after an initial attack. During that period, the body mounts an intense immune response to HSV. The good news is that in most healthy people, recurring infections tend to become progressively less frequent, and less severe, over time. However, the immune system cannot kill the virus completely. HSV is a lifelong infection.
The HSV is usually identifiable by its characteristic lesion: A thin-walled blister on an inflamed base of skin. However, other conditions can resemble herpes, and doctors cannot base a herpes diagnosis on visual inspection alone.
Many people who carry the virus do not have visible genital or oral lesions. Laboratory tests are needed to confirm a herpes diagnosis. These tests include:
The CDC recommends that both virologic and serologic tests be used for diagnosing genital herpes. People diagnosed with genital herpes should also be tested for other STDs. At this time, experts do not recommend screening for HSV-1 or HSV-2 in the general population.
Genital herpes can be caused by either HSV-1 or HSV-2. It is important to determine which virus is involved, as the type of herpes infection influences prognosis and treatment recommendations. Recurrences of genital herpes, and viral shedding without overt symptoms, are much less frequent with HSV-1 infection than with HSV-2.
False-negative (testing negative when herpes infection is actually present) or false-positive (testing positive when herpes infection is not actually present) results can occur. Your provider may recommend that you have a test repeated.
Viral culture tests are made by taking a fluid sample, or culture, from the lesions as early as possible, ideally within the first 48 hours of the outbreak. As the lesion begins to heal, the test becomes less accurate. These tests can be used to distinguish between HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests analyze the genetic material (DNA) of the HSV and are helpful for differentiating HSV-1 from HSV-2. PCR tests are much faster and more accurate than viral cultures, and the CDC recommends PCR for detecting herpes in spinal fluid when diagnosing herpes encephalitis. PCR can make many copies of the virus' DNA, so that even small amounts of DNA in the sample can be detected. Because PCR is more sensitive and faster than viral cultures and many labs now use PCR for herpes testing.
An older type of virologic testing, the Tzanck smear test, uses scrapings from herpes lesions. The scrapings are stained and examined under a microscope for the presence of giant cells with many nuclei or distinctive particles that carry the virus (called inclusion bodies). The test is quick but accurate only 50% to 70% of the time. It cannot distinguish between HSV virus types or between herpes simplex and the varicella zoster virus. The Tzanck test is not reliable for providing a conclusive diagnosis of herpes infection and is not recommended by the CDC.
Serologic (blood) tests can identify antibodies that are specific for either HSV-1 or HSV-2. When the herpes virus infects you, your body's immune system produces specific antibodies to fight off the infection. If a blood test detects antibodies to herpes, it is evidence that you have been infected with the virus, even if the virus is in a non-active (dormant) state. The presence of antibodies to herpes also indicates that you are a carrier of the virus and might transmit it to others.
Serologic tests can be useful for people who do not have active symptoms, but who have other risk factors for herpes (such as other STDs, multiple sex partners, or a monogamous partner who has genital herpes).
Newer type-specific assays check for antibodies to two different proteins that are associated with the herpes virus:
Although glycoprotein (gG) type-specific tests have been available for many years, many of the older nontype-specific tests that cannot distinguish HSV-1 from HSV-2 are still on the market. The CDC recommends only type-specific glycoprotein (gG) tests for herpes diagnosis.
Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers)
Simple canker sores (known medically as aphthous ulcers) are often confused with the cold sores of HSV-1. Canker sores frequently crop up singly or in groups on the inside of the mouth, or on or underneath the tongue. Their cause is unknown, and they are common in perfectly healthy people. They are usually white or grayish crater-like ulcers with a sharp edge and a red rim. They usually heal within 2 weeks without treatment.
This aphthous ulcer is located in front of and just below the bottom teeth.
Thrush (Candidiasis)
Oral candidiasis is a yeast infection that causes a whitish overgrowth in the mouth. It is most common in infants, but can appear in people of all ages, particularly people taking antibiotics or those with impaired immune systems.
Other conditions that may be confused with oral herpes include herpangina (mouth lesions caused by Coxsackie A virus), sore throat caused by strep or other bacteria, and infectious mononucleosis.
Conditions that may be confused with genital herpes include bacterial, yeast and viral infections, which include granuloma inguinale and candidiasis, syphilis, chancroid, herpes zoster (shingles and chickenpox), and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.
Three drugs are approved to treat genital herpes:
These medications are antiviral drugs called nucleoside analogues. The drugs are used initially to treat a first attack of herpes, and then afterward to either treat recurrent outbreaks (episodic therapy) or reduce frequency of recurrences (suppressive therapy).
No drug can cure herpes simplex virus. The infection may recur after treatment has been stopped. Even during therapy, an infected person can still transmit the virus to another person. Drugs can, however, reduce the severity of symptoms, improve healing times, and prevent recurrences.
Antiviral drugs for genital herpes are generally given as pills that are taken by mouth. If people experience very severe disease or complications, they need to be hospitalized and receive an antiviral drug intravenously. Acyclovir (Zovirax) is also available as an ointment, which can be used as an adjunct for treatment of initial genital herpes.
The first outbreak of genital herpes is usually much worse than recurrent outbreaks. Symptoms tend to be more severe and to last longer. Your provider will prescribe one of the three antiviral medications, which you will take for 7 to 10 days. If your symptoms persist, treatment may be extended. An acyclovir ointment may also be prescribed for topical treatment of initial genital herpes.
For a recurrent episode, treatment takes 1 to 5 days, depending on the type of medication and dosage. You should begin the medication as soon as you notice any signs or symptoms of herpes, preferably during the prodrome stage that precedes the outbreak of lesions.
In order for episodic therapy to be effective, it must be taken no later than 1 day after a lesion appears. If taken during prodrome, episodic therapy may help prevent an outbreak from occurring or reduce its severity. If taken at the first sign of a lesion, it can help speed healing.
To suppress outbreaks, treatment requires taking pills daily on a long-term basis. Acyclovir and famciclovir are taken twice a day for suppression. Valacyclovir is taken once a day. The doses for these antiviral drugs are reduced in people with impaired renal function.
Suppressive treatment can reduce the frequency of outbreak recurrences by 70% to 80%. It is generally recommended for people who have frequent recurrences (6 or more outbreaks per year). Because herpes recurrences often diminish over time, you should discuss annually with your provider whether you should stay with drug therapy or discontinue it.
There is some evidence that valacyclovir may help prevent herpes transmission, particularly in situations where one heterosexual partner has HSV-2 and the other partner does not. However, this drug does not completely prevent transmission. While taking any suppressive therapy for genital herpes, it is still important to regularly use latex condoms and to avoid any sexual activity during recurrences.
Antiviral drugs are generally safe. The most common side effects are nausea, headache, and abdominal pain.
Acyclovir (Zovirax, generic), valacyclovir (Valtrex), and famciclovir (Famvir), the antiviral pills used to treat genital herpes, can also treat the cold sores associated with oral herpes (herpes labialis). A new form of acyclovir (Sitavig) is administered orally as an adhesive tablet; it is applied to the gum region of the mouth, where it dissolves during the course of the day. In addition, acyclovir is available in topical form, as is the related drug penciclovir (Denavir).
These ointments or creams can help shorten healing time and duration of symptoms. However, none are truly effective at eliminating outbreaks.
Most herpes simplex infections that develop on the skin can be managed at home with over-the-counter painkillers and simple measures to relieve symptoms.
To ease symptoms:
Doing the following can help sores heal:
Generally, manufacturers of herbal remedies and dietary supplements do not need FDA approval to sell their products. Just like a drug, herbs and supplements can affect the body's chemistry, and therefore have the potential to produce side effects that may be harmful. There have been several reported cases of serious and even lethal side effects from herbal products. Always check with your provider before using any herbal remedies or dietary supplements.
The following are special concerns for people taking natural remedies for herpes simplex:
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Review Date:
Reviewed By: Daniel N. Sacks MD, FACOG, Obstetrics & Gynecology in Private Practice, West Palm Beach, FL. Review Provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.


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Harmony Convertible Bag Medium - W1021
Product Details:
Our Harmony Convertible Bag is artisanal made with top-grain leather and an authentic wool Maya carpets. Momostenango is an area of Guatemala well-known for its impeccable wool artisanal rugs and we partner directly with rural sheep farmers to bring you these carpet bags.
This bag was crafted by our artisan partner Don Vicente and Ofelia in a small home workshop. Your purchase supports our sustainable project to provide dignified job opportunities to indigenous artisans in Guatemala.
Unique textile and leather combination.
Convertible style with removable straps for a comfortable wear three different ways! Includes matching leather crossbody strap and a pair of backpack straps.
Bag comes with a unique pom pom, multi-color dust-bag and information card about the artisan your purchase supports.
Additional storage at neckline, one interior zipper pocket, two interior open pockets, one exterior zipper pocket.
Pairs perfectly with our embroidered straps!
No two bags are the same! Hiptipico prides itself on uniqueness and authenticity. Every Hiptipico product is 100% handmade and has the human touch of the weaver and maker in each stitch. This makes our products uniquely charming and distinct from factory-made accessories. No two are exactly the same and imperfections are to be expected and appreciated.
More about the leather:
Hiptipico bags are crafted using sustainable leather. We are conscious to source from leather providers that have sustainable practices and view leather as a byproduct of the meat industry. This prevents future waste and utilizes all parts of the animal.
Top-grain leather is sanded down and imprinted with an artificial grain to give a perfectly uniform stain. Our Harmony sustainable leather handbag is a uniform color, soft, slouchy and extremely lightweight.
Hiptipico leather bags are crafted and designed by local artisans in small home workshops. These artisanal workshops are indigenous-owned and purchasing items with these vendors support small local business, motivates local entrepreneurial spirits and stimulates the local economy.
Looking for a more heavy-duty luxury leather handbag? Check out our Renegade Collection.
Community Impact:
This bag is part of our Zero Waste Collection, which features textile treasures from indigenous villages all around Guatemala, a country world-famous for its intricate textiles and hand-embroidery. This collection is all about art appreciation and revival! When purchasing huipiles for crafting our artisanal bags, we make it our priority to select only textiles that could no longer be worn to truly give them a second life.
Origin: Momostenango, Totonicapán
Ethnicity: Maya K'iche'
Don Vicente and his family have a quaint home workshop and local storefront in Panajachel. He comes from a family of rural sheep farmers and at a young age, he moved to Pana to start working with artisan goods. Over the years, he and his wife Ofelia have acquired impeccably curated collection of Mayan textiles that they use to elaborate unique designs with unbeatable craftsmanship. They're passionate about incorporating the authentic Mayan culture into their work and passing these artisan techniques down to their children.


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Yankees-Mets Notes And Photo Day
The Yankees are seemingly focused on Derek Jeter's pursuit of 3,000 hits. Not getting as much play: his slugging percentage is worse than all but one other Yankee hitter. Not all but one other Yankee regular – all but one of the other 14 guys who have come to bat for the team all year. Jeter is being "outslugged" by 71 points by Brett Gardner and by 33 by Jorge Posada, who is being treated in the Bronx as if he is a ghost…
The only one behind Jeter? Nick Swisher (.303 SA). And yet the manager says "we know Swisher will hit." We know no such thing. Until last year he had never put together consecutive good seasons in the majors. And incidentally he still has more extra-base hits than Jeter. So does Justin Turner of the Mets – in one-third the plate appearances…
We haven't even gotten to On Base Percentage. Simply put there is no excuse for Jeter to be leading off. None. He's at .316. That's tied for 242nd in the big leagues (that's a wildly inflated number – it includes everybody in the majors. Nevertheless, among those in his neighborhood are Angel Sanchez of the Astros, Ronny Cedeno of the Pirates, and Jason Bartlett of the Padres. Nobody is trying to pretend they haven't been offensive disasters. People read stuff like this from me about Jeter and wonder what I have against him. The answer is nothing. He's a hall of famer and I've been stunned by his consistency and clutch play since I was at ESPN – that's how long he's been doing what he's been doing. But they should've made him manager or general manager or team president last year – or at least should be planning to do so the day he gets his 3,000th hit.
Remember…this is the franchise that once released Babe Ruth…
The Mets have very quietly built a bullpen out of other teams' spare parts. Jason Isringhausen has been lights out since coming back, Rule V draftee Pedro Beato's scoreless streak wasn't interrupted by his DL stint, and so far, Nationals refugee lefty Mike O'Connor has been untouchable. The secret to the Mets' disastrous collapses of 2007 and 2008, and the miserable seasons since, has been the startling truth that the relief corps has never been as good as it is right now…
The Yankees appear to be dealing with the resurfacing of an old problem. First it was Ruben Sierra showing the kid a great time, late at night, after night games. Exit Mr. Sierra. Then his running-mate was Melky Cabrera. He was a late-inning game-winning machine in 2009. Nevertheless, exit Mr. Cabrera. Now it is a spare outfielder supposedly escorting the should-be MVP to see the bright lights of big league cities. The should-be MVP is hitting .275. There are rumblings that it may soon be Exit Mr. Spare Outfielder…
Speaking of exits, it may be hard to believe this, but my understanding is that Sandy Alderson, doing all due diligence to try to revive the team from Queens, has asked almost every club what they might give him for every one of his key players. You can forget the Jose Reyes talk: the Mets and the MLB caretakers working unobtrusively with them know they must re-sign Reyes. There are intriguing answers when the Mets say "Ike Davis" and, surprisingly, "Jason Bay and Carlos Beltran." The answers offered when they say "David Wright" are stunningly low. The rap is simple: perfect public face of a franchise. Wonderful teammate. Great guy. Productive hitter and deft fielder. Durable. And not to be relied upon in the clutch. The yield for David Wright might be less than the yield for Carlos Beltran (FYI absolutely none of this comes from Sandy Alderson or anybody in the Met front office)…
Not to re-stir an old pot but Alex Rodriguez still looks to Yankee coaching assistant Brett Weber's third-row seat from the on-deck circle. You remember Brett, right?But Brett isn't always in his seat. He was, Friday. He wasn't, last night. And it's possible I've missed it, but I have not seen him throw a signal at A-Rod or any other Yankee, or wiggled any fingers, or held up a sign, or even as much as looked back. He may have taken an order for fries in that headset for all I know, but from what I've seen, he has not violated communications rule C4…
As we look at the rogues' gallery of baseball friends with whom I've posed this season, the touching saga of how Twitter brought together an underrated Marlins' outfielder and a guy with a similar foot injury (me) is in the papers today, right here. LoMo portrays a certain raunchiness in his Twitter feed. I don't want to hurt his street cred, but he's also a polite and thoughtful guy. As is Andy Samberg from SNL, with whom I had the pleasure of sitting through the last of the Yankees-Red Sox games. Delightful sequence of pitches during a Swisher at bat. The first of them is lined straight back and bounces off the screen right in front of me. Mr. Samberg laughs appropriately. The next one is lined straight back and bounces off the screen right in front of him. His laugh is delayed by only about a second. He shouts "Swish! What the heck? I was an A's fan!"You know this fella. Interviewed Harold Reynolds in, I think, 1987 or 1988. Worked with him at ESPN in 1996 and 1997, most memorably at the Jackie Robinson Game. Continues to anchor – in the more literal sense – the studio work at MLB Network, although Mitch Williams, Dan Plesac, Joe Magrane, all the other analysts and all the hosts have helped create the best TV start-up I've ever seen.
22 Comments
This is my first trip to the Baseball Nerd Blog.
You will love it here. It is fun and you learn so much about the game and its players! Enjoy!
Great blog, Keith! Love the pics! I think for sure something is going on with Brett…oh, I remember him well…and that pic! Just needs a little detective work to get solved. But, like Mama used to say, "There is a reason for everything," and if A-Rod is looking back to him, he is trying to see something. On Derek Jeter, I think that is solved by the three boys who passed down the alley while we were painting a mural over gang graffiti. The boys (all about 12 years old) had a basketball. I asked who they favored for the NBA playoffs and they picked the Celtics. Then, I asked them which team they liked in baseball. One of them said Jeter before the others named the team. He is baseball to the kids. They only know what they see and hear from others…and a little TV. It takes time for news to filter way down south. Hm. Seems like it takes time in Yankee land, too! Thanks and have a great day! We're aliiiiiiiiive! (Use Burt Lancaster's Soylent Green voice.)
Love this blog. Educational as always. I'm more of a NL gal but I love getting the news from both sides. And quite a feat taking a photo in 1872. How long did you have to stand in that position ? 🙂
Wow, Keith. You say you have nothing against Jeter, but it really doesn't seem like it. I thought through the first month of the season you were just being objective, but now it's really starting to look like you simply dislike him. You don't utter a peep when he has a notably good game (two homers in a game by a non-home run hitter), but are all over him when he has a rough day at the plate. You were clearly so excited on this topic when you wrote this post that you forgot to close your parenthetical statement in the third paragraph–as if so much venom is bursting out of you that you can't control yourself. And you're a way better writer than that. Dial it back, for Pete's sake. He's still killing in the field and it's only just middle-May–just over a quarter of the season has passed.
I agree. Jeter's agent is married to a Fox News anchor, so maybe that has to do with Keith's over-the-top venom against Derek.
Keith- I think my first really distinct memory of you was when you were on I think Channel 2 in LA- you did a lead-in about "A clip from the Westminster Kennel Club dog show" and cut to a woman that looked and sounded like Margaret Thatcher saying "I took one look at the bitch and said to myself 'That's the one!'". Cut back to the studio and you are sitting there with a smug look on your face while the two anchors are falling out of their chairs. I knew you were my kind of person right then. Thanks for a lot of laughs and a lot of insight since then.
Jeter should not be leading off. Clearly no one seems to want to address the elephant in the room, on the field, or at the plate for that matter.
Neat article! ..you know so much. Love the 'picture album.' Can't swear what this summer will bring, but i intend on getting re-acquainted w/an old friend: baseball!
ps: Please save me a seat at next Rockies/Mets game! 🙂
Hi Keith,
Love the blog, but would really like to read about a team other than the Yankees sometimes! Do you have anything to say about the Indians? It's deep enough into the season to start taking them seriously. And after re-reading your initial predictions about Cleveland's club, I think it's about time to do a follow-up discussion!
i so love reading this blog, man. you had this reader's heart at "steve sharts".
Keith-it is sad to watch Jeter now, I hope the team finds a way to help him exit after number 3K.
Was wondering if you had noticed that Dirk Hayhurst has been on the 7 day DL for some 25 days now.. I can't seem to find out if his repaired cuff is the problem, and I'm sure all you gotta do is hit his cell, so let us know… OK? Saw you on Letterman the other nite, very funny and I appreciate the cred you gave him for his political humor vis a vis OBL, he reminds me of Johnny Carson in that vein.
A couple weeks ago I was watching the Royals-Yankees game and I switched over to the K.C. broadcast to get away from the incredibly annoying John Flaherty, and who should I see in the booth with Ryan Lefebvre and Frank White but … Keith Olbermann. In a bright red shirt. It was a treat to hear Keith talk baseball for a full inning. I have to disagree with all this anti-Yankee, anti-Jeter talk. Keith seems obsessed with bashing Jeter. He has a very good on-base percentage leading off an inning. Anyway, I'm still a fan of Keith, just like I am of Jete when he hits a weak one. Though yesterday that seemed to be the best way to win.
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Are you aware that Beltran's value is negatively impacted because neither the Mets nor a team that trades for him can offer him arbitration this winter?
It's simply not true that Swisher has never had two good back-to-back seasons prior to his Yankee days. In 2006 and 2007, Swisher put up two good seasons in a row for the A's, with OPS marks well above .800 each time.
Swisher has really only had one bad season, which was in 2008 with the White Sox. He has been a good, productive player in four of the past five seasons.
Off-topic: imagine the stories he could have told:
I love how you don't name the spare outfielder. It's the 'he who's name must not be said' type of thang.
I agree that Swish sucks..although you don't put it that way..I do. 😉
Reading your blog means I learn more than I ever needed to know about the Yanks. Do you think any of this info you impart will work as convo starters at a party? Just wondering….
I hate inter-league ball !
The SF Giants have already played their last game in Pittsburgh *this year* because of inter-league baseball. Have to make room for the Twins. The TWINS!!???
And there are many more examples like that
We need your support on this one Keith. Please don't tell me you *like* this abomination!?
Can't wait till you're back.
I asked who they favored for the NBA playoffs and they picked the Celtics. Then, I asked them which team they liked in baseball. One of them said Jeter before the others named the team. He is baseball to the kids. They only know what they see and hear from others…and a little TV. It takes time for news to filter way down south. Hm. Seems like it takes time in Yankee land, too! Thanks and have a great day! We're aliiiiiiiiive! (Use Burt Lancaster's Soylent Green voice.)


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DUBLIN (REUTERS) - The Irish company at the centre of a scandal in Europe over horsemeat in beef products, said on Thursday it is leaving the frozen burger market after selling the factory where burgers containing horse deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were first discovered.
The scandal, which has damaged confidence in parts of the industry and hit sales of processed ready-meals, erupted in January when inspectors found beef burgers produced by Irish company ABP Foods on the shelves of Tesco contained 29 per cent horse meat.
ABP Foods, which lost contracts with Burger King, Aldi and Tesco as a result, blamed suppliers it said appeared to have delivered mislabelled beef from Poland, an accusation backed by the Irish government.
However, Europe's largest beef exporter said on Thursday that it had sold the Silvercrest factory where it had produced the burgers to fellow Irish food producer, Kepak Group.
"Our decision to sell the facility allows the Group to move forward positively with our core chilled beef business and other developing businesses," ABP Foods chief executive Paul Finnerty said in a statement.
Ireland returned no positive results for horsemeat this week in official DNA tests ordered across Europe in the wake of the controversy that showed more cases of illegal horsemeat in beef products in France than any other European Union country.


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USA – With the slogan "Make Entertainment Great Again", AcTek has proudly built a highly successful crowdfunding campaign for its cornerstone product, the world's "smallest, portable, first all-in-one entertainment system" which is designed to easily fit in one's pocket: the ET Mini.
Owing to ET Mini's innovative design, exceptional features and its great potential to replace the need for owning multiple entertainment consoles, AcTek's Kickstarter project has already exceeded its campaign's original financial goal, while it's well on its way to reach its next stretch goal.
Weighing as much as the average large-sized soda drink, and taking up about the same space as the iPhone 7S Plus, the ET Mini is poised to revolutionize the concept of home and on-the-go entertainment, while it can also be used as a valuable tool for business purposes, such as presentations.
Supporting wireless screen mirroring for both iOS and Android, as well as Airplay, Miracast and DLNA, the ET Mini boasts "DLP HD projection technology, wireless operation, and crystal-clear 360° audio sound". It has two built-in Bluetooth speakers, so as to do away with the need of using external sound connections, while it also connects with WiFi to facilitate streaming online videos, gaming, and more.
The ET Mini has already received extensive media coverage, having been featured in The Huffington Post, which wrote "Amazing technology, the ET Mini is the world's smallest entertainment system", as well as on Geeky Gadgets, Techtudo, Engadget and Cnet, while it was recently named as a staff favorite on Backerkit.
Once the company's Kickstarter newest stretch goal has been reached, AcTek representatives have stated that the additional funds contributed by the members of the Kickstarter community would help in significantly furthering the product's development, as it would provide the necessary capital for a product software and hardware update, with the latter referring to the addition of such features as a wireless UHF microphone chip, and many more features, which will be incorporated into the ET Mini once subsequent financial goals have been reached.
To learn more about Actek, please visit: http://bit.do/et-mini-ks-pr
Media Contact
Company Name: AcTek Corporation Limited
Contact Person: Jack Wei
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Phone: +86571-85829565
Address:3-701 The starry city, No.2028 Jiangling Road, Binjiang District
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Website: http://bit.do/et-mini-ks-pr


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Full Text PAR-95-082 DEVELOPING AND IMPROVING INSTITUTIONAL ANIMAL RESOURCES NIH GUIDE, Volume 24, Number 28, August 4, 1995 PA NUMBER: PAR-95-082 P.T. 34 Keywords: Animal Breed. & Facil., Scientific Biomedical Research, Multidiscipl Behavioral/Social Studies/Service National Center for Research Resources Application Receipt Dates: October 1, June 1 PURPOSE The National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) encourages the submission of individual animal resource improvement grant applications from biomedical research institutions. The major objective of this program is to upgrade animal facilities to support the conduct of PHS-supported biomedical and behavioral research. A related objective is to assist institutions in complying with the USDA Animal Welfare Act and DHHS policies related to the care and use of laboratory animals. Support is limited to alterations and renovations (A&R) to improve laboratory animal facilities, and the purchase of major equipment items for animal resources, diagnostic laboratories, transgenic animal resources, or similar associated activities. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS Any domestic public or private institution, organization, or association is eligible to apply for this grant if the institution has one or more research projects currently supported by the Public Health Service (PHS) that involve the use of laboratory animals. Institutions and commercial firms providing only services or products and without a clearly defined animal related research component are not eligible to apply. Also, this program will not support requests for equipment used for teaching purposes and for housing non-research animals. Applications from other Federal agencies or institutions (e.g., Department of Veterans Affairs) are limited to requests for equipment only. Applicants may not submit more than one application or apply for other NCRR support for developing and improving institutional animal resources in the same Federal fiscal year. For purposes of these guidelines, an "institution" is defined as the organizational component identified on page 1, item 11 of the PHS 398 (rev. 5/95), for which descriptive information is provided on pages 9-10 in the grant application form PHS 398 kit. Separate applications may be submitted from different colleges or schools on the same campus of a university within the same Federal fiscal year if they have different organizational component codes. If this is done, documentation from an appropriate institutional official, stating that the applications are part of a coordinated, campus-wide plan to improve the animal facilities, must be provided. The applicant institution is strongly encouraged to develop a single application for a campus-wide program with a single, centralized animal care program whenever possible or feasible. MECHANISM OF SUPPORT The mechanism available for the support of these improvement projects is the Grant for Repair, Renovation, and Modernization of Existing Research Facilities (G20). The total budget request for the improvement grant application and award is limited to $700,000 (direct costs), of which not more than $500,000 may be used for alterations and renovations (A&R) and not more than $200,000 may be used for moveable equipment. Matching funds from non-Federal sources are required, equal to or exceeding one-half of the total allowable costs (equipment and A&R) of the requested project ($1 Federal to $1 non-Federal). These matching funds must be applied to the specific project described in the application and cannot be met by citing other expenditures. Because the nature and scope of the projects proposed in response to this PA may vary, it is anticipated that the size of an award will vary also. Allowable Costs Items that may be requested under this grant mechanism include: o A&R to improve existing laboratory animal facilities, and allowable fees associated with the A&R project o Major resource equipment related to the improvement project, such as animal cage systems and cage washers o Equipment items, or an aggregate of identical equipment items, that have a total cost of at least $1,000. Items that are part of a system and require the purchase of small component parts (e.g., a rack and cages or microisolator units) may be requested and priced as a single item. A description of the individual components of such systems must be provided. o General purpose equipment items for centralized surgeries, diagnostic laboratories, transgenic animal facilities, and other similar associated activities when an integral part of the animal facility and available to all investigators o Basic equipment such as microscopes necessary for operation of the facility o Environmental monitoring systems. However, if such a system has multiple uses (e.g., the monitoring of research data or security), only those costs related to monitoring or providing for animal care (e.g., environmental monitoring) are allowable. Improvement grants are not intended to provide support for: o General operational support for the resource (e.g., funding for personnel, consumable supplies for routine animal care, or small equipment items) o Specialized research equipment or facilities for use by only a few investigators o New construction, including the completion of shell space o Equipment intended for teaching or non-research purposes o Office and research equipment, computers or data processing items o Physical security systems RESEARCH OBJECTIVES Animal resource improvement grants are awarded to assist biomedical research institutions in upgrading animal facilities and developing administratively centralized and uniformly effective programs of research animal care in support of PHS-funded research. Another major objective is to assist institutions in complying, and maintaining compliance, with provisions of the USDA Animal Welfare Act and DHHS policies related to the care and use of laboratory animals. APPLICATION PROCEDURES Applications are to be submitted on form PHS 398 (rev. 5/95). Application forms may be obtained from the institution's office of sponsored research and from the Office of Grants Information, Division of Research Grants, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 3034, MSC 7762, Bethesda, MD 20892-7762, telephone (301) 710-0267. There are two receipt dates per year of October 1 and June 1. Prospective applicants are encouraged to review the PHS Grants Policy Statement (rev. 4/94) sections dealing with alterations and renovations and equipment prior to completing the PHS 398 form. Applications must follow the instructions provided in the form PHS 398 kit, except for the following: Form Page 1: Item 2 - Check the box marked "YES" and type in the number and title of this program announcement. Item 5 - Check the box marked "No" at Item 5a. Item 5b - Not applicable. Form Page 2: Personnel - Only key personnel should be listed here even though salary support may not be requested. This must include the chief or consulting veterinarian. Form Page 4: Detailed Budget for Initial Budget Period Personnel Category - List only key individuals, and complete columns 1-4; salary support should not be requested. The total cost of the equipment and A&R needed should be entered in the rectangular space under the appropriate headings on the left. Equipment should be classified as movable or fixed, using the institution's own classification guidelines. Fixed equipment is considered as part of the A&R request. The right hand column should reflect only the PHS request. The Total Direct Costs (bottom right hand column total) should be the total request to the PHS. The total request for PHS support may not exceed $700,000. Of this total, the A&R request may not exceed $500,000, and the moveable equipment request may not exceed $200,000. Form Page 5 - Budget for Entire Proposed Project Period - Not applicable (do not complete this section). A cost estimate should be provided, and placed after Form Page 4. This estimate should detail: 1. For moveable equipment, the dollar request from NIH, amount to be funded from other sources, and total cost. 2. For eligible A&R costs, the dollar request from NIH, amount to be funded from other sources, and total cost. 3. For total project cost, the dollar request from NIH, amount to be funded from other sources, and total cost. For funding from other sources, indicate the source(s). For alterations and renovations requests, list separately the projected costs of: (a) Demolition; (b) General; (c) Plumbing; (d) HVAC; (e) Electrical; (f) Architect/Engineer Fee; (g) Other Costs (Specify); and (h) Fixed Equipment, with the total eligible A&R costs listed. If multiple sites are involved, the A&R and cost estimates should be described separately for each site. List the total net square feet of floor space to be renovated and the estimated cost per net sq. ft., excluding fixed equipment. Additional Form Pages Biographical Sketch Page - Provide a biographical sketch for all key personnel, strictly adhering to the two-page limitation for each. Other Support Page - Provide the information requested for all key personnel. Specific Instructions - Research Plan The following instructions should be used in lieu of the PHS 398 instructions for this section of the application; however, revised applications must include an introduction addressing criticisms and must highlight changes in the application as described in the instructions for PHS 398. The Research Plan section of the application (Items a-d) must strictly adhere to a limit of 25 pages. The outline suggested below should be followed in describing the program. All information critical to the review must be in the Research Plan, not in an appendix. 1. Specific Aims - Clearly present the aims of the animal resource improvement project and relate them to the short- and long-term goals of the institution's animal resource program, and the research needs of the institution. 2. Background and Significance - This section should address the overall animal care and use program and the need for improvements to meet current and future laboratory animal needs for biomedical research. Background Provide an overall description of the institution's animal care and use program. Provide relevant background information and describe the current status of the institution's animal resource facilities and program as they relate to biomedical research and research training. Describe the institution's overall involvement in animal-related research. This section should include a description of the following aspects of the animal resource: a. Administrative arrangements and structure of the animal resource. The lines of authority and responsibility for administering the institution's animal care and use program should be clearly presented. The role and composition of the IACUC and how compliance with relevant laws, policies, and guidelines is achieved should be included. b. Animal care procedures and the animal health program. This section should describe housing, caging, feeding, record keeping, sanitation, and other animal care practices; animal health program which includes clinical services, laboratory support, preventive medicine programs, and any relevant specialized procedures; veterinary oversight; vendor surveillance; conditioning programs; colony and environmental monitoring; and diagnostic capabilities in anatomic pathology, clinical chemistry, hematology, and microbiology. Data should be provided to characterize the extent of these activities, such as numbers of laboratory procedures for monitoring animal health, veterinary inspections for animal health, etc. If specialized equipment items are requested, the husbandry program to utilize this equipment should be outlined. c. Staffing. Outline the total staff and organization of the animal resource, both currently in place and as planned following the requested improvements. Briefly describe the qualifications of the animal care staff and the training opportunities available to them. d. Animal Program Data. Indicate the number of animals (by species) used or produced per year and the average daily census (by species) for each facility. Provide a brief description of all on-campus and off-campus animal facilities, including sites where experimental surgery is performed. Indicate who manages each facility. Indicate whether the institution is accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC). If equipment is requested for surgical or diagnostic facilities, the case load, species, types and numbers of surgeries or diagnostic tests must be documented. e. Animal Program Funding. Provide, for the most recently completed Federal fiscal year information on: (1) Investigators currently using the facility, including types of animals involved and level of usage; (2) the institution's total number and total direct costs of research projects using laboratory animals, indicating separately the number and costs of those funded from PHS and non-PHS sources; (3) for facilities for which improvement support is requested, list by facility name the number of research projects and total direct costs of the projects relevant to each. List all current financial support for the animal resource, including sources and amounts (e.g., recharge, core funding from the institution, etc.) and the annual operating budget (listed by major categories). Provide a copy of per diem and service charge schedules and indicate their method of determination (this information may be included in an Appendix). f. Previous and Future Improvements. Expenditures for capital improvements (facilities and equipment) during the past five years and future plans for meeting such needs should be described. Any previous support for improvement of the institution's animal facilities from the CMP, NCRR, NIH should be noted. The use of this support and its impact on the animal care program should be briefly described. g. Program Needs. List deficiencies in the animal care program that have been cited by the AAALAC, the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) facility review reports, and the institution's PHS Animal Welfare Assurance Statement. Any problems in meeting the provisions of the Animal Welfare Act should also be addressed. Significance Describe the significance of the proposed resource improvement project to the institution's overall biomedical research programs, as well as to specific research projects that will be affected. If appropriate, the application should demonstrate both the need for the requested items and a sound plan for obtaining or maintaining the entire animal resource at required standards. 3. Progress Report/Preliminary Studies - Not applicable. 4. Research Design and Methods Clearly show how the proposed improvements will expand, improve or maintain existing research and research support activities. Brief descriptions of major research projects using the resource should be provided including source and amount of funding and level of animal usage. Future scientific needs to be addressed as part of the improvement should also be described. It is important to describe how the requested improvements will correct the deficiencies and problems described in the Background section. Demonstrate how the proposed facility improvement program fits into the institution's overall plan to meet or maintain PHS standards for animal care and use. If the project is part of an overall (larger) facility improvement plan, the application should describe the larger plan and how the project fits into that plan. Describe and provide detailed justifications for the requested equipment items. The manufacturer, model number, size, capacity, or design criteria, total unit cost and facility where it will be used should be included. Requests for surgical equipment must be justified by listing the number of investigators and PHS grant support received (can be provided in tabular form), the case load, and the types of surgical procedures performed. Failure to adequately justify each requested item will likely result in its deletion from the recommended budget. For any proposed A&R, a narrative summary (as outlined below), line drawings, and cost estimates must be provided. The following sample format is suggested: Narrative Summary (1) Relate the proposed renovations to projected animal populations (by species) and research projects that will use the facility; (2) list the functional components, including the size (dimensions) and square footage of each component (room, alcove, cubicle, etc.) that will be directly affected by the renovation project; (3) list engineering criteria applicable to each component (mechanical, electrical, and utilities). Include information such as the number of air changes per hour, electrical power, light levels, hot and cold water, steam, etc.; (4) list appropriate architectural criteria, such as width of corridors and doors, surface finishes, etc.; (5) list all fixed equipment items requested for the renovated area; and (6) list all movable equipment items requested for the renovated area. Line Drawings (1) Submit line drawings on 8-1/2" x 11" paper only. (DO NOT SUBMIT BLUEPRINTS.) These drawings will not be counted against the 25 page limit. All floor plans must be legible, with the scale clearly indicated. (2) The line drawings of the proposed renovation must be at a scale adequate to explain the project. The drawings should indicate size (dimensions), function, and net and gross square feet of space for each room. The total net and gross square feet of space to be renovated should also be given. (3) The plan should indicate the location of the proposed renovation area in the building. (4) Include the as-built drawings of the proposed renovation area and indicate any areas which will be demolished. (5) Changes or additions to existing mechanical and electrical systems should be clearly described in notes made directly on the plan or attached to the plan. (6) Indicate the type(s) of new finishes to be applied to room surfaces. Cost Estimates Detailed cost estimates must be included. Assurance to Provide Matching Funds A letter of assurance to provide matching funds and the projected source of those funds, signed by the responsible institutional official, must be provided by the applicant prior to the time an award is made. If such a letter is not included with the application, the applicant must include a letter of intent, also signed by the appropriate institutional official, to provide the necessary matching funds. The letter of assurance or the letter of intent should be placed as the final page of the application. The completed original application (signed original including appendices, if any) and three exact photocopies of the signed application and appendices must be submitted to: Division of Research Grants National Institutes of Health 6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 1040 - MSC 7710 Bethesda, MD 20892-7710 Bethesda, MD 20817 (for express/courier service) At the time of submission, two additional copies of the application (with appendices, if any) must be sent under separate cover to: Dr. Jill L. Carrington Office of Review National Center for Research Resources One Rockledge Centre, Room 6018 6705 Rockledge Drive MSC 7965 Bethesda, MD 20892-7965* email: email@example.com REVIEW CONSIDERATIONS Upon receipt, applications will be reviewed for completeness by the Division of Research Grants and responsiveness by NCRR. Those applications judged to be unresponsive, incomplete, or ineligible will be returned to the applicant. Applications that are complete and responsive will be reviewed for scientific and technical merit by the Scientific and Technical Review Board on Biomedical and Behavioral Research Facilities established for this purpose by the NCRR. The second level of review will be conducted by the National Advisory Research Resources Council. Applications that are complete and responsive to the program announcement will be evaluated for scientific and technical merit by an appropriate peer review group convened in accordance with the standard NIH peer review procedures. As part of the initial merit review, all applications will receive a written critique and undergo a process in which only those applications deemed to have the highest scientific merit, generally the top half of applications under review, will be discussed, assigned a priority score, and receive a second level review by the appropriate national advisory council or board. Factors considered in the appraisal of an animal resource improvement project include: A. The Improvement Request 1. Research to be supported - The overall scope of the ongoing PHS-supported biomedical and behavioral research involving laboratory animals which will be affected by the proposed improvements will be considered. In addition, the resulting expanded or proposed future biomedical and behavioral research activities will be considered. 2. Need - The application should show how the grant support will meet current and future laboratory animal research needs, particularly for smaller or developing institutions, and how this will help the institution meet or maintain standards of the Animal Welfare Act and PHS policies concerning the care and use of laboratory animals. 3. Design Considerations - The proposed project will be judged for technical soundness, appropriateness and suitability of the proposed renovation project for addressing current and future needs of the institution. 4. Budget - the budget will be evaluated in relationship to the application's responsiveness to these guidelines, justification provided for each of the requested items, cost effectiveness, and the institution's perceived commitment to the animal care program. B. The Animal Care Program The scope of the animal care and use program to be enhanced by this facility improvement request should be carefully defined. For the purpose of this application, the animal care program should cover the entire applicant institution. 1. Animal Care - The quality of the animal husbandry program at the applicant institution will be assessed. The extent to which the project will enhance the welfare of animals maintained in the facility will be evaluated, including advances in the humane treatment of the animals due to husbandry changes allowed by the improvements. 2. Personnel - The technical and professional staff will be evaluated. The institution should have a sufficient number of professional staff with appropriate qualifications and experience to operate the animal resource in a competent manner. The facility should also have qualified non-professional staff and supporting services. 3. Administrative Arrangements - An evaluation will be made of the administrative arrangements for routine management of the animal resource. The institutional plan to assure a comprehensive and acceptable animal care and use program will be evaluated. The institution should have a record of commitment and a sound plan for financial support of the resource, through a recharge system, per diem charges, institutional support, etc. 4. Resources and environment - The suitability of the institutional setting for achieving the goals of the program will be considered. This will include an appraisal of the academic environment and the support for the animal resource by the administration and faculty. AWARD CRITERIA Applications will compete with all others in the G20 category for available funds. An institution must have current PHS funding for research involving laboratory animals to be eligible for an award. The following will also be considered when making funding decisions: o Merit of the proposed project as determined by peer review o Institutional assurance of non-federal matching funds o Availability of funds o Needs of the institution Evidence of continued PHS research funding will be verified prior to award. Award Conditions Following the actual award, funds for A&R will not be released until final architectural drawings, specifications, and updated cost estimates are approved by NCRR. No requests to initiate alterations or renovations will be entertained prior to receipt of the grant award from NIH and subsequent approval of working drawings and specifications by NIH staff. Renovations and equipment purchases must be initiated no later than twelve months after the start date of award. Awards will be made for one year and are not renewable. INQUIRIES Inquiries are encouraged. The opportunity to clarify any issues or questions from potential applicants is welcome. Direct inquiries regarding programmatic issues to: Charles L. Coulter, Ph.D. Research Facilities Improvement Program National Center for Research Resources One Rockledge Centre, Room 6030 6705 Rockledge Drive MSC 7965 Bethesda, MD 20892-7965 Telephone: (301) 435-0766 FAX: (301) 480-3770 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Questions regarding fiscal matters may be directed to: Mr. Paul Karadbil Office of Grants and Contracts Management National Center for Research Resources One Rockledge Centre, Room 6086 6705 Rockledge Drive MSC 7965 Bethesda, MD 20892-7965 Telephone: (301) 435-0844 Email: email@example.com AUTHORITY AND REGULATIONS This program is described in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance No. 93.306, Laboratory Animal Sciences and Primate Research. Awards will be made under the authority of the Public Health Service Act, Title III, Section 301 (Public Law 78.410, as amended; 42 USC 241) and administered under PHS grant policies and Federal Regulations 42 CFR Part 52 and 45 CFR Part 74. This program is not subject to the intergovernmental review requirements of Executive Order 12372 or Health Systems Agency review. The PHS strongly encourages all grant and contract recipients to provide a smoke-free workplace and promote the non-use of all tobacco products. In addition, Public Law 103-227, the Pro-Children Act of 1994, prohibits smoking in certain facilities (or in some cases, any portion of a facility) in which regular or routing education, library, day care, health care or early childhood development services are provided to children. This is consistent with the PHS mission to protect and advance the physical and mental health of the american people. .
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Hillel welcomes students of all backgrounds and fosters an enduring commitment to Jewish life, learning and Israel. As the largest Jewish student organization in the world, Hillel builds connections with emerging adults and inspires them to direct their own Jewish journey.
You are now logged out of www.hillel.org.
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Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life - Privacy Policy:
Thank you for visiting hillel.org and our family of websites. Hillel: The Foundation for Jewish Campus Life respects the privacy of all our visitors. Please consult the following privacy policy for specific practices regarding personal information collected.
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Hillel will only collect personal information which you knowingly and voluntarily provide, for example by sending e-mails, completing forms, registering for events or other programs, responding to surveys, or ordering merchandise. We may then contact you to provide information about Hillel activities, programs, membership and development opportunities, products, and special events that may interest you. If you wish to be removed from our contact lists and stop receiving any further communications from Hillel please contact us.
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First off we have to thank Snack Works for this amazing recipe that's a mixture of two of our favorites~~~> Oreo's and cheesecake. We know this recipe is great for any party or holiday..Enjoy!
• 36 OREO Cookies, divided
• 1/2 cup butter or margarine, divided
• 4 pkg. (8 oz. each) cream cheese, softened
• 1 cup sugar
• 1 cup sour cream
• 1 tsp. vanilla
• 4 eggs
• 1 pkg. (4 oz.) semi-sweet baking chocolate
o HEAT oven to 325°F.
o LINE 13×9-inch baking pan with foil, with ends extending over sides. Finely crush 24 cookies. Melt 1/4 cup butter; mix with crumbs. Press onto bottom of prepared pan.
BEAT cream cheese and sugar with mixer until blended. Add sour cream and vanilla; mix well. Add eggs, 1 at a time, beating after each just until blended. Chop remaining cookies. Gently stir into batter; pour over crust.
BAKE 45 min. or until center is almost set. Cool.
Meanwhile, microwave chocolate and remaining butter in medium microwaveable bowl on HIGH 45 sec. to 1 min. or until butter is melted.
Stir until chocolate is completely melted and mixture is well blended.
Cool slightly; spread over top of cheesecake. Refrigerate 4 hours. Use foil handles to lift cheesecake from pan before cutting to serve.


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Honestly, I can think of few recent cars as reviled as the 5-Series GT. Instead of giving us Americans the vaunted 5-Series Touring wagon, BMW brought us this bloated minivan-hatchback thing. Why do they hate us so much?
Okay, so it's goofy-looking. But is it all bad? Totally not, says John Davis, even if calls it "lumpy" at one point. This MotorWeek clip from a few years ago finds it to be a spacious, well-equipped, solid handling and relatively quick luxury machine.
In essence, it's a real 5-Series. Just not a pretty one.


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Jay Nixon calls for cooperation at 2nd inaugural
Incumbent becomes 4th governor to serve 2 consecutive terms
Missouri Gov. Jay Nixon has been sworn in to office for a second term as governor.
Nixon took the oath of office Monday with his hand on a family Bible in a chilly outdoor ceremony on the steps of the state Capitol.
He is just the fourth Missouri governor to serve two consecutive terms - a feat that was not possible under the state constitution until about 45 years ago.
In prepared remarks for his inaugural address, Nixon recounted Missouri's bloody history in the Civil War. He encouraged Democrats and Republicans in charge of today's politically divided government to come together for the common good.
Nixon, a Democrat, will be working with the largest Republican legislative majorities since the Civil War era.
Missouri House Speaker Tim Jones released the following statement after the speech:
"With his address today, Governor Nixon made a promise to the people to lead on the issues that are critical to our efforts to create a brighter future for the great state of Missouri. While I have always anticipated, but not always experienced, this type of bold leadership during the Governor's first four years in office, I am hopeful he will turn his rhetoric into reality in the years ahead. I welcome his cooperation and collaboration as I lead the people's house."
"We have veto-proof majorities in both legislative chambers; however, we would prefer to work with the governor to find common ground on the policy areas that will improve the quality of life for all Missouri families. In the House, we have laid out a bold "Triple E" agenda focused on the vitally important areas of economic development, energy and education reform. I urge the governor to work with us this session, to embrace our "Triple E" agenda, and to provide the kind of leadership that the people of the state of Missouri have been yearning for, but has been sorely lacking from the executive branch in recent years."


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Bulgur-Stuffed Vegetables
1 1/4 cups chicken broth
2 bell peppers (1 red, 1 yellow)
2 zucchini and/or yellow summer squash
2 tomatoes
2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
1 small onion, chopped
1/4 pound crimini mushrooms, chopped
3 cloves garlic, minced
Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper
2 teaspoons chopped fresh tarragon
1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. Place the bulgur in a heatproof bowl. In a sauce pan, bring the chicken broth and 1 1/2 cups water to a boil. When the liquid has come to a boil, pour over the bulgur. Let sit until the bulgur absorbs the liquid, about 20 minutes. Meanwhile, prep the vegetables: Cut off the top third of the bell peppers. Remove the seeds and ribs leaving a 'cup' for the stuffing. Dice the flesh from the top 1/3 and reserve. Cut a 1/3 of the zucchini lengthwise to reveal the seeds. Scoop out the seeds to create a boat. Dice the remaining 1/3 pieces. Slice the tomatoes in half and scoop out the seeds to create a cup. In a large saute pan, heat the oil over medium heat. Add the chopped onion and sweat until translucent. Add the reserved chopped peppers, squash, mushrooms, and garlic to the pan. Season the vegetables with salt and pepper. Cook until the vegetables are tender, about 10 minutes. Drain the cooked vegetables, if necessary, and add to the cooked bulgur. Cook's Note: You may need to drain the excess liquid from the bowl of bulgur, too. Stir in the chopped tarragon. Sprinkle salt and pepper on the inside of the vegetable 'cups.' Stuff the vegetables with the bulgur mixture, place in a shallow baking dish, cover with foil, and bake for 45 minutes. Uncover and sprinkle with grated Parmesan cheese, then bake for an additional 10 minutes, or until the cheese is brown and melted.


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Apple has just released iOS 4.3.3 for the iPod Touch 3G/4G, iPhone 3GS, iPhone 4 and the iPad 1/2. This new version of iOS is mainly aimed at clearing all the location data of a user, which the OS saves by default.
The location data of a user is cleared, once a user turns off the location sharing option.
Here is the iOS 4.3.3 change-log via BGR :
- Location database will no longer be backed up to iTunes
- Location database size will be reduced
- When Location Services are turned off, location database will be deleted entirely
- Battery life will improve
- iPod bug fixes
iPad, iPod Touch or iPhone owners can update their iDevice to iOS 4.3.3, by connecting to their PC/Mac and firing up the latest version of iTunes (10.2.2). Alternatively, iPad 1 owners can download the iOS 4.3.3 IPSW file from here, while iPad 2 (Wi-Fi) owners should click here.
iPad 2 Wi-Fi+3G owners can click here, and iPad 2 owners using the tablet under the Verizon network, should click here to download the iOS 4.3.3 IPSW file. iPhone 4 (AT&T) owners should head over to this link, while iPod Touch 4G owners should click on this link. Owners of Verizon iPhone 4 should click here, whereas iPod Touch 3G owners should click here to download iOS 4.3.3 IPSW file.
After downloading the required file, users should click on the Check for updates' button, whilst keeping the Shift key pressed and selectthe IPSW file, they just downloaded to update.


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1 in stock
Listing is for one 1/2 oz (.5 oz) amber glass bottle containing lemongrass essential oil.
I am so pleased to offer you this pure essential oil! Have you made the switch to dryer balls, but are missing the scent you used to get from your fabric softener and dryer sheets? Using essential oils instead will make your laundry smell AMAZING, besides the fact that it is so much healthier for you and the environment.
This 1/2 fl oz bottle will give you approximately 400 drops of essential oil. I find just a drop or two of essential oil on each dryer ball gives a nice scent for about a week, so this bottle should last a while depending on how strong you like your scent.
Another great idea – fill the fabric softener cup in your washer with white vinegar and add a few drops of the oil. It will make your clothes soft and a light scent will remain on your clothes (don't worry, they won't smell like vinegar!).
Crafters — this bottle contains solely essential oil, so you can use this for all your crafting needs. This oil is safe for soap (in fact, it's what I use in our soap), laundry soap, solid perfumes, lotions, etc. It's a great way to try out a scent instead of buying extremely large and expensive containers of essential oil.
Please note that this is not a dropper bottle, but it's very easy to disperse a small amount from the bottle. A medicine dropper can also be used if you find it difficult to get just a small amount out.
This item is steam distilled from the leaves of the plant. Item is certified vegan and certified Kosher. A MSDS sheet is available upon request.