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Eternal Storm
If you haven't heard of the Storm Botnet yet, chances are you will soon. With between one and 50 million nodes infected with this trojan, it forms the world's most powerful supercomputer. Criminal elements are believed to control Storm, but that's not why it is interesting.
The Storm Botnet is fascinating because of its resilience. As Bruce Schneier points out, antivirus companies haven't figured out a way to put a dent in its propagation or effectiveness, even though they have known about it for almost a year, and even though it has already been used to send millions (perhaps billions) of spam emails and carry out several high-profile DDoS attacks. Getting rid of such a beast would clearly be very lucrative work for the antivirus industry, yet no one has devised a successful solution.
What makes this thing so indestructible? Schneier explains a key component:
Rather than having all hosts communicate to a central server or set of servers, Storm uses a peer-to-peer network for C2. This makes the Storm botnet much harder to disable. The most common way to disable a botnet is to shut down the centralized control point. Storm doesn't have a centralized control point, and thus can't be shut down that way.
This technique has other advantages, too. Companies that monitor net activity can detect traffic anomalies with a centralized C2 point, but distributed C2 doesn't show up as a spike. Communications are much harder to detect.
One standard method of tracking root C2 servers is to put an infected host through a memory debugger and figure out where its orders are coming from. This won't work with Storm: An infected host may only know about a small fraction of infected hosts — 25-30 at a time — and those hosts are an unknown number of hops away from the primary C2 servers.
And even if a C2 node is taken down, the system doesn't suffer. Like a hydra with many heads, Storm's C2 structure is distributed.
In combination with some of its other novel features, Storm's decentralization gives it a level of immunity to shutdown previously unseen anywhere.
It's a shame that a malicious tool like Storm is providing such a stunning demonstration of the advantages of decentralization in the wild. But these techniques are not limited to malicious software. Indeed, major components of the Internet itself use the same techniques. flŭd backup is 100% decentralized for the same reasons: the data that you backup with flŭd should be as indestructible as possible. Decentralization is the most effective path to that goal, and Storm has provided us with ample evidence that such a scheme can be extremely effective.


text: Home > Medical > Hearing management > Tools Tools All sections in Tools » Fitness » Diet » Mind » Medical » General Should I be concerned about my hearing? The symptoms of hearing loss usually develop gradually over time and for that reason, we are often unaware of changes until we are hearing significantly less than before. If you are concerned about your hearing, take this simple quiz: Diet Tools Fitness Tools General Tools Medical Tools Mind Tools Am I eating correctly to lose weight? Am I eating correctly to stabilise my blood sugar levels? Am I eating right for my diabetes? Am I eating right to improve insulin resistance? Am I eating to control PMS? Am I eating to optimise my health? Am I eating to optimise my pregnancy? Am I eating to prevent heartburn? Am I eating too little protein? Am I eating too much fat? Am I eating too much protein? Am I eating too much sugar? Am I feeding my baby correctly? Am I healthy for breastfeeding? Are you at risk for developing osteoporosis? Are you ready for weight loss? Calcium calculator Do I need a vitamin C supplement? Glycaemic index tool Is my child eating properly? Is my vegetarian diet balanced? Is your diet causing headaches? Is your diet doomed to failure? Is your diet heart-healthy? Vit & Min doses per day Find your workout personality Are you happily single? Are you practical? Are you ready to have a baby? Are you ready to quit smoking? Are you still wasting time on sibling rivalry? Can you save a life? Is my girlfriend pregnant? Is this relationship going to work? More than friends? Ready for sex? Rogue's gallery Test your sex toy IQ What kind of friend are you? Would you survive disaster? Your sun sense Addicted to pills? Am I at risk for hypertension? Am I at risk of COPD? Am I at risk of IBS? Am I optimising my child's health? Are you at risk for ED? Are you at risk for prostate cancer? Are you at risk of a heart attack? Are you at risk of a vaginal infection? Are you drinking too much? Are you using the wrong painkillers? Assess your risk for foot problems Assess your risk for HIV/Aids Blood alcohol test Check your COPD facts Could I have high cholesterol? Do you suffer from ED? Hair Loss Myths Quiz How healthy is your prostate? How much do you know about menopause? Is my heartburn serious? Quiz: is breast augmentation surgery right for you? Why am I so tired? Why am I so tired? Are you a hypochondriac? Are you a sex addict? Are you ambitious? Are you depressed? Are you honest? Are you ready for sex? Assess your stress Blood alcohol test Could you be bipolar? Daily activities and social independence test Do I have OCD? Do you have a problem with alcohol? IQ test advertisement

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Fantasy team-up of the century! The more we hear about Warner Bros' strange LEGO movie, the more excited we get. And now that the studio is dumping a ton of their trademarked properties into the picture and casting folks like Will Arnett to voice Batman? We're losing it.
Geektyrant reports that directors Phil Lord, Chris Miller (Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, 21 Jump Street), and Chris McKay (Robot Chicken) are circling some amazing talent for LEGO cameos, namely Channing Tatum and Will Arnett for the voices of Superman and Batman, respectively.
If this goes through, they will join Chris Pratt of Parks and Recreation, who is playing the main LEGO character. We're not sure what other properties the studio has earmarked to appear in this production, but we would love a Harry Potter reunion, even in mere LEGO form. LEGO — which probably won't be the official title — is scheduled for a February 28, 2014 release date.


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Dassault has designed and installed a shower in the aft cabin section of a Falcon 7X, a challenging job despite the large size of the business jet. For certification, the manufacturer's engineers demonstrated that a water overflow would not affect critical equipment. In addition, designers had to find space for the water tank, heater and redundant pumps. This required the bulkhead to be moved forward, prompting the need for a new cabin layout. In the shower, the passenger can either stand or sit down and use a showerhead or the "rain sky" ceiling. The window inside the shower area can be dimmed for privacy with an electrochemical device.
Dassault said it accommodated a specific customer requirement for the shower in the 7X, but is not offering it as a standard option yet.
Bombardier has offered a shower as an option for its Global 5000 and 6000 (née XRS) for about three years. Gulfstream plans to offer this option on the G650 next year.
Alvadi Serpa Junior (not verified)
January 30, 2012 - 5:39am
Currently the other business jet that I know of that offers a standup shower is the Lineage 1000.
On top of the shower, the Lineage 1000 offers also 5 cabin zones (lounge, office, galley, dinning room and a state room).
It is a true home away from home!
It is worth it to take a look at www.embraerexecutivejets.com
Randy Padfield (not verified)
January 30, 2012 - 8:59am
One can also find showers in the Airbus and Boeing "bizliners," from the Airbus corporate jet family (A318, A319, A320) and Boeing Business Jets (737s) all the way up to these companies' biggest twin-aisle airliners.
Randy Padfield
AIN Editor-in-chief
Sonia Descoins (not verified)
January 30, 2012 - 10:13am
The dimmable window inside the shower allowing to switch instantly from transparence to privacy is designed and produced by Vision Systems.
Have a look at this innovative technology on the following website: http://www.vision-systems-aero.fr/-Eclipse,66-


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How Small Businesses Can Win the Web [INFOGRAPHIC]
Between their Black Friday Best Buy expeditions and Cyber Monday mania on Amazon, many holiday shoppers plan to celebrate Small Business Saturday this weekend.
Conceived in 2010, the "holiday" puts the spotlight on local mom-and-pop retailers. If you're looking for info about which small businesses have the best deals, however, you might not find it online. More than 60% of small businesses do not have a website, and many that are online do not show up in search results.
The following infographic, created by ReachLocal, explains why online marketing is crucial for small businesses.
Image courtesy of Flickr, s_falkow


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Lauren Graham is returning to The CW.
The network has given a script deal to the adaptation of the Parenthood star's New York Times bestselling novel Someday, Someday, Maybe, TVGuide.com has learned.
Fall TV: Hot scoop on 40 shows!
The one-hour drama — which will also reunite Graham with Warner Bros. TV, which produced Gilmore Girls — centers on a young woman with six months left on her three-year plan to make a career as an actress in New York City.
Graham will write and executive-produce the project alongside A Very Good Production's Ellen DeGeneres and Jeff Kleeman.
(Full disclosure: TVGuide.com is owned by CBS, one of the parent companies of The CW.)


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Hugh Hefner has opened up about his "runaway bride," Crystal Harris.
"I didn't see it coming. I truly didn't see it coming," Hugh said during an interview, broadcast on CNN's "Piers Morgan Tonight" on Thursday, of Crystal ending their engagement just days before they were set to wed in mid-June.
U.S. & World
Now that he's had time to digest the breakup, Hef said he still isn't any clearer on what led to the split.
"That is the No. 1 question and I don't have an answer for you," he said. "I really don't know what happened. I think that in time, the rest of the story will play out."
VIEW THE PHOTOS: They Dated? Surprising Former Couples!
When asked by the CNN host if he felt Crystal took him "for a ride," Hef couldn't say yes… or no.
"I think an argument could be made that she took me for a ride, but I must say, quite frankly, it was a pretty nice ride," he said.
"If she was faking it, she did it very well," Hef added.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: 'The Girls Next Door'
The Playboy founder revealed that Crystal didn't walk away with a fortune when she broke off their engagement.
He confirmed she took their Bentley and her engagement ring, which Hugh said was worth between $60-$70K, but she brought back something very close to his heart – their dog, Charlie.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Top 10 Most Expensive Celebrity Divorces
Piers said many skeptics assumed the marriage would never have worked out anyway as she is just 25 and he is 85, and Hef said in hindsight, they could have been right.
"I think that's a very valid question… I'm asking myself the same thing," he said. "Where was my head? I made the commitment, quite frankly, because, in a previous relationship with Holly [Madison], I had not been there for her in the way that she wanted me to be and I just wanted to do whatever would make the relationship work [with Crystal]."
While the two are no longer together, Hef said the pair "remain friends."
Copyright 2011 by NBC Universal, Inc. All rights reserved.
This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
PLAY IT NOW: Access Hollywood Live: Arsenio Hall Brings Back 'Things That Make You Go Hmmm…' For Today's Biggest Scandals
PLAY IT NOW: Is Holly Madison Happy About Hugh Hefner's Recent Engagement?
More from Access: [ Hugh Hefner Playboy Piers Morgan ]


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Mini-Documentary on Homelessness by Hawaiian Seventh Graders Wins 2010 CCHD Multi-Media Art Contest
WASHINGTON (December 10, 2010)—A mini-documentary on homelessness by the seventh grade religious education class at St. John Vianney Catholic School in Kailua, Hawaii, won the grand prize of the 2010 Multi-Media Youth Arts Contest sponsored by the Catholic Campaign for Human Development (CCHD), the anti-poverty program of the U.S. bishops. The prize is being given today at the National Conference on Catholic Youth Ministry in New Orleans. Around 2,500 youth ministers will be attending the conference.
The submission, entitled "Family of Promise," was produced by religious education students who researched the growing number of homeless people in Hawaii and the U.S. and then conducted interviews, wrote a script, shot and edited the video. The mini-documentary also profiles the Family Promise program in Hawaii, in which families volunteer to host homeless families a week at a time as they work to address the factors that have contributed to their homelessness. The video can be found online at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEkbZfODEwc
"This video reflects the reality that homelessness really can happen to anyone," said Ralph McCloud, director of CCHD for the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). "The students involved initially thought homeless people were alcoholics and drug addicts but, after interacting with homeless families, found compassion and understanding. They learned about the causes of homelessness and how people can combat these causes. This greatly reflects the mission of the Catholic Campaign for Human Development."
The seventh grade students who produced the video were Maeve Gareghty, Christina Hill, Mia Hussey Kozlowski, Bailey Kahawai-Welch, Mark Kelley, Noah Kiakona, Shea Martinez, Jordan Johnson and Kolby Kahahawai.
Second place prizes in grades 10-12 and 7-9, respectively, go to Nina Fredericks, 12th grade, Father Ryan High School, Nashville, Tennessee, and Anthony J. Rojas and Maria P. Rojas, eighth grade, St. Andrew Catholic School, Orlando, Florida. Third place prizes go to Nicholas Guelda, 12th grade, St. Xavier High School, Louisville, Kentucky, and Gwyneth Sise, seventh grade, St. Mary's Institute, Amsterdam, New York. Honorable mention goes to Paige Lysaght, 12th grade, Notre Dame Academy, Toledo, Ohio.
CCHD developed the Multi-Media Youth Arts Contest in 2001 to help schools and parishes engage youth in learning about low-income people in the U.S. who are addressing the root causes of poverty. It is open to students in grades 7-12 in Catholic parishes and schools. This year, students were asked to work from the theme, "Empowering Communities, Uprooting Poverty," through visual arts, audio-visual means or literature. Original works were submitted to diocesan-level competitions. Local winners were forwarded to Washington for final judging.
CCHD is the domestic anti-poverty and social justice program of the Catholic bishops in the United States. With the support of Catholic parishioners, it has provided grants to more than 4,000 community and economic development projects over the past 40 years. The annual CCHD collection is taken up in most Catholic parishes in the United States on the weekend before Thanksgiving.
Keywords: Catholic Campaign for Human Development, CCHD, Multi-Media Youth Arts Contest, St. John Vianney Catholic School, Kailua, Hawaii, Archdiocese of Honolulu, documentary, video, homelessness, poverty, root causes, Family Promise program, National Conference on Catholic Youth Ministry, Family of Promise
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Download link (right click and 'save-as') for playing in VLC or other compatible player.
We study the generation of cosmological perturbations during the Hagedorn phase of string gas cosmology. Using tools of string thermodynamics we provide indications that it may be possible to obtain a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological fluctuations on scales which are of cosmological interest today. In our cosmological scenario, the early Hagedorn phase of string gas cosmology goes over smoothly into the radiation-dominated phase of standard cosmology, without having a period of cosmological inflation. Furthermore, we find that string thermodynamics implies that the fluctuations are Gaussian, and that the spectrum of tensor perturbations will exhibit a scale-invariant spectrum as well. We contrast the predictions of string gas cosmology in the Hagedorn phase with that of scalar field driven inflation, and comment on the possibility of observationally distinguishing between the two scenarios in future experiments.


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What you need to know before you go
Europe is one of the most diverse continents to explore. From the fjords and auroras of Scandinavia to the beaches of the coasts and islands of the Mediterranean Sea, Europe is home to a great variety of landscapes, traditions, cuisines and cultures. While undoubtedly at the cutting edge of technology, Europe is also home to an impressive historic heritage which offers what seems to be endless exploration opportunities.
From the well-preserved walled cities of France to the soft-sand beaches of Spain, and from the stunning castles of Germany to the rich cuisine of Italy, Europe has something for most tastes. Discover the best of the countries and cities which compose Europe in our Go Guides, then plan an informed, tailor-made vacation to your favourite destination.
Top destinations in EuropeWhere will you go next?
Trending now in EuropeFeatured stories & fun stuff
Start planning your trip
Keep exploring
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Denmark
- England
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Ireland
- Italy
- Latvia
- Malta
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Netherlands
- Northern Ireland
- Norway
- Poland
- Portugal
- Russia
- Scotland
- Serbia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Turkey
- United Kingdom
- Wales


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Genesis, Continued
Take some time to skim over Genesis 23–50 today in preparation for our study this year. Ask God to help you understand this book of beginnings and consider how Abraham's children like Jacob and Joseph help to show us that ...Read More
The General Epistles
Take some time to read through the book of James before we begin our studies tomorrow. As you read, meditate on a few of the verses, and pray that the Holy Spirit would begin to open your mind and heart ...Read More
The First Book of Moses
Take some time this week to read through the book of Genesis in preparation for our study over the next two years. Ask the Lord to help you read these familiar stories closely, helping you understand the truths about His ...Read More
Enoch Prophesied
All truth finds its origin in God Himself. Therefore, we should not be dismayed that Jude quotes from sources not inspired by God. We can be sure Jude, under the superintendence of the Holy Spirit, was able to sift the ...Read More
Jude, Brother of James
Take some time to read through the book of Jude today in preparation for this month's study. Consider that Jude, out of humility, does not assert his physical kinship with Jesus but describes himself as a humble servant of the ...Read More
Third John
The Bible does indeed promise health and wealth for God's people, but this promise will not be fully realized until heaven and earth are restored (Rev. 21:1–4). While we do see some of the firstfruits of these physical blessings when ...Read More
Peter, Servant of Jesus
It is a good thing to be wary of doctrinal error. However, sometimes we mistake a concern for doctrinal purity with a desire to promote our own opinions regarding negotiable matters. As we prepare to study 2 Peter, pray that ...Read More
Second Peter
Take some time today to read through 2 Peter in preparation for next week. Ask the Lord to bless your time in His Word so that your mind and life might be renewed and transformed. Note today's verse that warns ...Read More
Authentic Profession
Take some time today to read through the book of James and meditate on his command to be a doer of the Word (1:22). Ask for God's wisdom to help you do this, for without it, we will never be ...Read More
Trusting God's Wisdom
The book of Job is a powerful reminder that God is in absolute control of all things. This fact can be a great comfort to us and yet also be disconcerting when we suffer things we think we do not ...Read More


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Trombone Studio
Trombone students at the University of Kansas receive individualized instruction in applied lessons. In addition to developing technique and musicianship through study of appropriate literature in the applied lesson setting, trombone students participate in master classes, orchestral excerpt coaching sessions, trombone choir, and chamber music (such as trombone quartets and brass quintets). Trombone pedagogy classes are offered at the undergraduate and graduate levels and geared to assist students in diagnosing performance problems, developing teaching strategies, implementing studio curriculum development, and finding instructional resources.
KU trombone studio members have achieved success in performance venues. Current/former studio members have won auditions for or performed with groups including the Disneyland All-American College Band, the Disneyland Band, the Kansas City Symphony, the Des Moines Symphony Orchestra, the Spokane Symphony, the Omaha Symphony, the Seoul Philharmonic, the Chuncheon Philharmonic Orchestra, the Seoungnam Philharmonic Orchestra, the Jeonju Symphony Orchestra, the Korean Chamber Orchestra (last five orchestras listed in various cities in South Korea), the Shenzhen Symphony Orchestra (Guangdong Province, PRC), the Topeka Symphony Orchestra, the St. Joseph Symphony, the Washington-Idaho Symphony, the Fountain City Brass Band, the Boulevard Big Band, the Young Musicians Foundation Debut Orchestra, and in United States active duty, national guard, and reserve armed forces bands. They have earned recognition at MTNA, Asia Trombone Seminar, Kansas Federation of Music Clubs, DownBeat, Big XII Trombone Workshop, and International Trombone Association solo competitions. Recent graduates have also been appointed to trombone/low brass teaching positions in universities (Washington State University, Graceland University, Baker University, Kansas Wesleyan University, Ottawa University, Bemidji State University in USA; Jeju National University, Republic of Korea) and public school teaching positions across the United States and overseas.
Trombone Solos and Ensembles Recommended for KSMEA Performance: A Selective Annotated Database (pdf)
Michael Davidson's Recommendations for Trombone, Mute and Cleaning Supplies (pdf)
For more information, contact Dr. Michael Davidson
- Apply for admission to KU, with a music degree as a major, visit Admissions » to visit the Office of Admissions page. November 1 and December 1 are the academic scholarship deadlines, visit Affordability » for more scholarship information. Be sure to submit your application form and audition time form at least three weeks before your preferred audition time. Times are confirmed by phone.
- Admittance letters will be sent out after an audition, and scholarship award notifications will be mailed in April.
- All students must audition for admittance to music degrees. Music scholarships are awarded to students majoring in music. Music majors are not fully accepted until a report of a satisfactory audition has been submitted to the School of Music.
- Major Scales
- Accompanists are optional for trombone auditions.
General Audition Requirements for tenor trombone: Bordogni-Rochut Melodious Etude #6, PLUS one piece from the selected list below or a work of comparable difficulty:
- Barat - Andante et Allegro
- Galliard - Sonata No. 1
- Saint Saëns - Cavatine
- Guilmant - Morceau Symphonique
- Boda - Sonatina
General Audition Requirements for bass trombone: Bordogni-Rochut Melodious Etude #6, PLUS one piece from the selected list below or a work of comparable difficulty:
- Tcherepnin - Andante
- Georg Tibor - Introduction, Theme and Variations
- Lebedev - Concerto in One Movement
- McCarty - Sonata
- White - Sonatina
- Hindemith - Drei liechte Stücke
Graduate Audition Requirements for tenor trombone:
- Please be prepared to play all major and minor scales
- Bordogni - Rochut Melodious Etude #24
Excerpts: choose 5 of 6 listed
- Berlioz - Hungarian March, second trombone part, six measures before rehearsal "4" to end
- Brahms - Symphony No. 1, alto trombone part, chorale at "C"
- Mozart - "Tuba Mirum" from Requiem, tenor trombone solo
- Ravel - Bolero, first solo (beginning after rehearsal "10" to "11")
- Strauss - Till Eulenspiegel, first trombone part, nine after "35" to sixteen after "37"
- Wagner - Ride of the Valkyries, rehearsal "4" to third measure after rehearsal "7"
Solo - choose from the following, or of similar difficulty:
- Casterede - Sonatine
- Ewazen - Sonata
- Hindemith - Sonata
Graduate Audition Requirements for bass trombone:
- Please be prepared to play all major and minor scales
- Bordogni - Rochut Melodious Etude #24
Excerpts: choose 5 of 6 listed
- Berlioz - Hungarian March, six measures before rehearsal "4" to end
- Brahms - Symphony No. 2, mvt. 4, "O" to end
- Franck - Symphony in D minor, mvt. 3, beginning letter "N"
- Haydn - Creation, #26
- Respighi - "Pines Near a Catacomb" from The Pines of Rome, "Ancora piu mosso" through measure after rehearsal "12"
- Wagner - Ride of the Valkyries, rehearsal "4" to third measure after rehearsal "7"
Solo - choose from the following, or of similar difficulty
- Bolter - Sagittarius 2
- Bozza - New Orleans
- Ewazen - Concerto for Tuba or Bass Trombone
Auditions can be done live, or via tape (exceptional circumstances).
Audition dates are February 13 & 20, 2016. If these dates are not convenient, please contact Michael Davidson. Those who audition will receive a free lesson after the audition. The successful trombone auditionee will demonstrate "teachability," the desire to learn and receive instruction
- Achieve good balance and posture! Make sure that your horn is held comfortably, with all the weight held by the left hand. This will make moving your slide much easier. Stand or sit comfortably in a position that allows for freedom of movement.
- Make sure your instrument is in good working order. Bad habits will creep in because of faulty equipment. If you slide doesn't move smoothly, well, you're in trouble and at risk of developing some REALLY BAD performance habits.
- Blow the air freely - don't force the sound. Some players will, at times, use the tongue as a substitute for the air - this is always a BAD idea! In general, think "more air, less tongue." When playing, try to blow the tongue out of the way with the air.
- Make use of wind patterning. Blow the air into the palm of your hand - you should feel the air moving with some velocity in a small circle on your palm. Try to duplicate this when you're playing the trombone.
- Remember, if you can buzz it, you can really play it.
- Be an active listener. Listen to great players, and not just trombone players. Listen to great music.
- Do something every day that will develop your technical skills - practice scales every day. Do them slowly (for correct intonation), then at a fast tempo (for technique).
- Do something every day that will allow you to develop your singing skills. The ability to ACCURATELY sing intervals and melodic lines has direct bearing on your level of success as a performer. Be accurate - don't approximate.
- Overact. Be melodramatic - expand your dynamic and expressive capabilities - remember, you are executing a dynamic change only when your audience can tell!
- Record yourself often - make sure you're making music like you THINK you are. Recordings don't lie.
- If you really want to be a player, there is no substitute for having a professional model instrument, and a good private lesson teacher.
Here is just a sample of world class artists that have performed recitals and masterclasses at KU:
- Joseph Alessi, Principal Trombonist, New York Philharmonic/The Julliard School
- Brett Baker, former principal trombonist, Black Dyke Band; trombone soloist, recording artist
- Ronald Barron, Principal Trombonist (retired), Boston Symphony Orchestra
- Bill Booth, UCLA/Principal Trombonist, L.A. Opera/L.A. studios - trombonist
- Corpus Quartet: Andrs Sütoö, Péter Paálinkás, Róbert Káip, Gábor Görög-Hegyi
- Dr. JoDee Davis, trombone professor, the University of Missouri - Kansas City
- John Fedchock, jazz trombonist/composer
- Dave Glenn, jazz trombonist/composer
- Randall Hawes, Bass Trombonist, Detroit Symphony Orchestra
- Porter Wyatt Henderson, Associate Principal Trombonist, Kansas City Symphony
- Dr. Gustav Hoena, Franz Liszt Academy of Music, Budapest, Hungary
- Dr. Tim Howe, trombone professor, University of Missouri-Columbia
- Dr. Paul Hunt, Kansas State University
- Thomas Klaber, bass trombonist, Cleveland Orchestra
- Lance LaDuke, trombonist, Boston Brass
- Dr. Drew Leslie, visiting assistant professor of trombone, The University of Missouri - Columbia
- Dr. Peter Madsen, trombone professor, University of Nebraska at Omaha
- Delfeayo Marsalis, jazz trombonist, composer, recording artist
- Elliot Mason, trombonist, Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra, jazz faculty, Northwestern University
- Dr. William Mathis, trombone professor, Bowling Green State University
- Ilan Morgenstern, Bass Trombonist, San Antonio Symphony and Houston Grand Opera orchestras
- Graeme Mutchler, Bass Trombonist, Utah Symphony
- Roger Oyster, Principal Trombonist, Kansas City Symphony
- Gerry Pagano, Bass Trombonist, St. Louis Symphony Orchestra
- Adam Rainey, Bass Trombonist, Kansas City Symphony
- Resonant Projection Trombone Quartet - Dr. Joshua Bynum, University of Georgia; Dr. Paul Compton, Oklahoma State University; Dr. Brian Conklin, Dallas/Ft. Worth studio teacher; Prof. Tony Hutchins, Morningside College
- William Rose, trombone professor, McNeese State University
- Steve Shires, S.E. Shires custom trombones
- Gerald Sloane, trombone professor, University of Arkansas
- Dr. J. Mark Thompson, trombone professor, Northwestern State University of Louisiana
- USAF "Brass in Blue"
- David Vining, trombone professor, Northern Arizona University
- Kirsten Warfield, United States Army Band "Pershing's Own"
Pachelbel Magnificat Quarti Toni IV (PDFs)
Tant Que Vivray (PDFs)
Stuart P. O'Neil:
1. Machine
2. Suspension Bridge
3. Assembly Line
2. I-49 Brass (Rick Rowell, Michael Scarlato, trumpets; Tom Hundemer, horn; Michael Davidson, trombone; J. Mark Thompson, bass trombone) Some Children See Him
3. I-49 Brass (Rick Rowell, Michael Scarlato, trumpets; Tom Hundemer, horn; Michael Davidson, trombone; J. Mark Thompson, bass trombone) Lo, How a Rose E're Blooming
4. Fantasy on Vermont Tunes - Walter Hartley, from Blue Wolf, permission of Emeritus, available on iTunes
5. Blue Wolf - Brad Edwards, from Blue Wolf, permission of Emeritus, available on iTunes
6. Sonata, 1. Allegro decido - Vagn Holmboe (1909-1996) Michael Davidson, trombone, Ellen Sommer, piano
7. Sonata, 2. Andante - Vagn Holmboe (1909-1996) Michael Davidson, trombone, Ellen Sommer, piano
8. Sonata, 3. Allegro con brio - Vagn Holmboe (1909-1996) Michael Davidson, trombone, Ellen Sommer, piano
9. A Young Man's Exhortation, Gerald Finzi - Michael Davidson/Ellen Sommer, unedited live performance, recorded 2010. Four songs without pause: A Young Man's Exhortation: Ditty: Transformations: The Dance Continued ('Regret Not Me')
10. Romance, Axel Jørgensen - Michael Davidson/Ellen Sommer, unedited take from recording session, recorded 2010


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Jay C. Buckey Jr.
Professor of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine
Adjunct Professor of Engineering
Professor of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine
- BSEE, Cornell University 1977
- MD, Cornell University 1981
Research Interests
Bubble detection and sizing; smart medical systems; hearing assessment; aerospace medicine; undersea and hyperbaric medicine; technology and energy policy; motion sickness
The Neurolab Spacelab Mission: Neuroscience Research in Space
Editors: Jay C. Buckey, Jr., M.D., Jerry L. Homick, Ph.D.
Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2003
Jay C. Buckey, Jr.
Oxford University Press, 2006
Selected Publications
- Bollinger, B.R., Wilbur J.C., Donoghue T.G., Phillips S.D., Knaus D.A., Magari P.J., Alvarenga D.L., Buckey J.C. Dual-frequency ultrasound detection of stationary microbubbles in tissue. Undersea Hyperbaric Medicine, 36(2), 127-36, 2009.
- Buckey J.C., Alvarenga D.L., MacKenzie T.A. Chlorpheniramine and ephedrine in combination for motion sickness. J. Vestib Res. 17(5-6): 301-11, 2007.
- Carter, J.A., Buckey, J.C., Greenhalgh, L., Holland, A.W., Hegel, M.T. An interactive media program for managing psychosocial problems on long-duration spaceflights. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine (Medline Abstract)
- Buckey, J.C., Knaus, D.A., Alvarenga, D.L., Kenton, M.A., Magari, P.J. Dual-frequency ultrasound for detecting and sizing bubbles. Acta Astronautica (Medline Abstract)
- Buckey, J.C., Alvarenga, D.L., Cole, B., Rigas, J.R. Chlorpheniramine for motion sickness. Journal of Vestibular Research (Medline Abstract)
Former Astronaut Jay Buckey Talks About Dealing With Isolation
Dartmouth News
April 6, 2020
Ex-Astronaut Launches Training Kit for Coping with Self-Isolation
The Guardian
April 5, 2020
Dartmouth professor who flew on NASA mission backs future exploration of space
Valley News
July 18, 2019
Going to Mars will involve all sorts of risks. Going bonkers might be the biggest.
July 30, 2018
Dartmouth's Astronaut-Physician Remembers John Glenn
Dartmouth News
December 9, 2016
Can Virtual Reality Help Astronauts Keep Their Cool?
Discover Magazine
August 4, 2016
To Sustain Astronauts' Mental Health, Dartmouth-Led Team Testing New Virtual Reality Tech in Arctic
Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth
January 4, 2016
Liliana Ma '14: On Research and Thinking Outside the Box
Dartmouth Now
May 21, 2014
Astronaut and Professor Jay Buckey on the Future of NASA and its Human Spaceflight Program
Dartmouth Now
July 20, 2011
Buckey discusses political lessons
The Dartmouth
May 9, 2011
We can't have cheap oil and alternative fuels
NH Union Leader
September 26, 2008
Coming soon: Self-guided, computer-based depression treatment
Eureka! Science News
September 24, 2008
Tell Hugo Chavez to get lost
NH Union Leader
August 13, 2008
North Country needs its own university
NH Union Leader
June 23, 2008
DMS professor may run to replace Sununu in Senate
The Dartmouth
March 1, 2007
In Dartmouth Engineer Magazine
150 Thayer Gifts to the World: Part 1
Web Extra, December 2017
Lab Reports
Winter 2009
Experiments: Space Workout
Fall 2006
Seminar: A Scientist in Politics: What I Learned from Running for Office


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Both fascinating and brilliantly is the Crocodile collection by SACHER and impresses with glamor and fashion trend colors.
fine leather with crocodile imprint / red
10 x 10 x 5,5 cm
The newsletter can be canceled here or in your Account at any time.
The production of our jewellery cases, watch boxes and cases requires highest craftsmanship. It takes many years until a box maker masters these skills. In our manufactory, we maintain this craft since 1846 and have developed it permanently. This knowledge is incorporated in the production, which takes place until today almost exclusively by hand.When selecting our materials, we not only pay attention on compatibility of jewellery and components, but also on sustainability. Therefore we use for our bodies only cardboard, which is produced based on sustainable forest management. This is confirmed by our suppliers with the FSC certificate. Our adhesives are water-soluble and free of solvents. This safeguards not only your jewellery, but also the environment.


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This is the precocious medallion and I just love all these stamps. I only own 3 and this is the first medallion I made with this stamp. I used a pink, yellow and green card stock to creat this. It is 9 layers. It almost looks like a confection you could eat; it is soo yummy looking, if you ask me! I added stickles in 4 different colors... gotta love those stickles! This is actually a card I made a friend. These are truly more beautiful in real life if you can believe that!
September 17, 2008
Holly Berry House - Precocious Medallion
Posted by Nina at 8:44 AM
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Rosetta lined up nicely for Earth approach
Following the first and primary trajectory correction manoeuvre 22 October, Rosetta is lined up nicely for the approach to Earth. The manoeuvre provided an 8.8 cm/s change in orbital velocity and the thruster performance was accurate. Closest approach to Earth is now scheduled for 08:45 CET on 13 November.
The results of last Thursday's trajectory correction manoeuvre (TCM) have been analysed by ESA's Flight Dynamics team at ESOC.
"The manoeuvre was very close to the predicted and required amount. We will continue to analyse the results to determine whether we will need any additional manoeuvres," said Trevor Morley, lead ESA Flight Dynamics specialist working on Rosetta.
To analyse the performance, the team used data from a number of sources, including:
- Telemetry radioed down by Rosetta, including star tracker data and parameters related to fuel usage and thruster operation
- Doppler and ranging data received from the ESA and NASA ground stations that have been following Rosetta over the past few days
Based on preliminary analysis, the 86-second thruster burn over-performed slightly, in the range of 0.06-0.07%.
As a result, the predicted time of closest approach, or perigee passage, on 13 November is 08:45:40 CET. This estimate will be updated in the next few days.
The team have slots of additional TCMs at 1 week, 1 day and 6 hours prior to closest approach at their disposal.
The tracking stations following Rosetta in the past few days include ESA's 35m DSA 1 station at New Norcia, Australia, and NASA's DSN antennas at Goldstone, California and Robledo, near Madrid.


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Blue Leather T-Bar Pram ShoesRef. Code: AW192019BLU
Classic T-Bar pre-walker baby shoes made from 100% leather with stitching detail and scallop edge on the bridge of the foot. In a lovely French blue colour with cushioned instep and a strap with button fastening that secures the shoes to your baby's feet. This traditional English pram shoe is built with maximum crawling and fidgeting in mind.
- Leather Upper / Leather Sole
- Button Fastening
- Wipe clean with care
- Garment fit is small; we advise going for a size bigger
- Made in Spain
- Responsibly Made
These smart shoes are ideal for any occasion! But please remember they are made of genuine soft leather; they may not be strong enough for playgrounds, friction when playing with skates or bikes, or playing sports with them. This will damage the leather.
Add gift wrapping and message
Select colour
When you select the Gift Receipt option, the person you send the order to will receive a gift receipt that does not include any price details so they can easily exchange or return any items.


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Wearing Your Fandom
I wear my Supernatural fandom on my sleeve. Okay, so it's more on the torso. When I find a show I like, I tend to obsess about it, and that obsession usually leads to the purchase of T-shirts related to the show. I have ones that celebrate Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Twilight, Battlestar Galactica and, of course, Supernatural! Let's just say that the T-shirt vendors at Dragon*Con like to see me and my credit card walking toward them.
Wearing these badges of fandom is a great way to find kindred spirits. They're great conversation starters, and they're memorable. Tanya and I had to laugh at Dragon*Con last fall when we went to a fan panel about Supernatural and met two ladies who were wearing simple black T-shirts -- one said "Bitch" and the other said "Jerk." Only Supernatural fans would get the reference, but when you are a fan it's hysterical.
To prove my devotion, I'm even willing to put up a photo of me -- gasp! -- sans makeup and with I-didn't-leave-the-house-today hair. Here's my Winchester Demon Tour shirt.
And here's the genius of the shirt on the back. It looks like a concert shirt, but instead of concert dates and cities, it has the bad dudes and towns where they're located listed.
Here's the one that says "Winchester Bros: Hunting Evil Since 1983"
And finally, a silhouette of of the boys and the words "Wow! I'd say we've finally crossed over into weird."
If you can't get to a fan con, you need go no farther than your computer to add to your fanwear. One great option is...
CafePress -- My personal favorites here are:
"Dude. You Fugly."
"Hope your apple pie is freakin' worth it."
"I lost my shoe." -- Sam Winchester
"It's okay. I'm a teddy bear doctor."
"a proud walking encyclopedia of weirdness"
"Driver picks the music. Shotgun shuts his cakehole."
"Is it Thursday yet?"
"Vampires. It gets funnier every time I say it."
Scrolling through the offerings is sure to induce laughter, which is half the fun of shopping there.
So, do any of you have any fun Supernatural shirts of other attire?


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Lipper, A Thomson Reuters Company
Home :: About Us :: About Our Company Lipper is a subsidiary of Thomson Reuters. Founded in 1973 by Michael Lipper, the company's initial focus was to provide precise data and analytical perspective to mutual funds companies in the United States. In subsequent years, Lipper began expanding its business globally through a combination of organic growth and strategic acquisitions. In 1998, Lipper was acquired by Reuters Group PLC as a wholly own subsidiary. Lipper's global reach continued to grow as a result. In April 2008, Lipper became part of Thomson Reuters when Thomson Financial and Reuters merged. Lipper has offices located in the Americas, Europe, Asia and the Middle East. We have over 35 years of collective fund industry experience and a reputation for providing unbiased, high quality institutional information. We provide global fund information and analysis in over 61 registered for sale countries, covering over 213,000 share classes (including mutual funds, closed-end funds, ETF's hedge funds, pension and insurance products) and over 117,000 funds. Thousands of investment professionals worldwide rely on us to provide them with timely information and industry insight through our specialized products and services. In addition, Lipper's fund data and analysis reaches millions of investors everyday through newspapers, financial publications and the Internet. Lipper data is featured online through our affiliations with leading financial web sites such as TheStreet.com, The Wall Street Journal Interactive Edition, Forbes.com, CBSMarketwatch.com, USAToday.com, SmartMoney.com, Geld Magazin, and Moneyworld.co.uk. Lipper's vision is to be the leading provider of global collective investment research & analysis to professional and individual investors. Lipper is the global source for comparative fund data and analysis Lipper provides insight on mutual funds, retirement funds, hedge funds, and fund fees & expenses We are committed to providing the highest quality, most comprehensive coverage and analysis of the global collective funds industry. Our depth of knowledge helps us to bring clarity to the fund evaluation process, which in turn provides the basis for you to make informed investment decisions. Philosophy Content, Analysis, Insight Lipper was founded on the principle that investment managers and investors deserve the most comprehensive and accurate fund analysis and relevant comparisons. Lipper provides institutional-quality information, analytics and commentary to enable asset managers and investors make sound investment decisions. Independent, Objective Analysis Lipper is solely focused on providing information, analysis, and benchmarking of funds and other collective investments. Lipper constructs indices and classifications that are highly correlated with actual fund holdings to accurately monitor the performance of actively managed portfolios.
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Nerino R. Facchine, 89, of 1762 Bucktail Road, St. Marys, passed away Friday, January 18, 2013 at the Elk Regional Health Center after a brief illness.
He was born October 4, 1923 in Byrnedale, son of the late Joseph and Theresa Baruffalo Facchine. He was a lifelong resident of the area and attended Weedville Schools. He had been an employee of Stackpole Carbon Company for over 25 years, founded Facchine Sanitation in Kersey in 1964 and was a self-employed mason.
In February 1976, in the Queen of the World Church, he married Sara Woelfel Wolfe, who survives. He is also survived by three daughters, Mary Jo (Charles) Wheeler of St. Marys, Barbara (Steven) Ginther of St. Marys and Kathryn (Thomas) Krug of Brockway; a son, Daniel (Lou Ann) Wolfe of Emporium; seven grandchildren, Angela (Daniel) Breitkreutz, Nicholas (Noel Martinez) Krug, Thomas (Courtney) Krug, Jr., Rebecca (Robert) Burns, Brenda (Matthew) Conner, Cristin (Michael) Lilley and Angela Danner; and 12 great grandchildren, Madison Breitkreutz, Sydney Breitkreutz, Grace Breitkreutz, Lydia Conner, Louie Conner, Hayden Lilley, Addison Lilley, Hunter Zebley, Treveyn Seeley, Jack Krug, Charlie Krug and Sam Krug.
Besides his parents, he was preceded in death by his first wife, Edith, who passed away in 1973; four sisters, Pearl Casper, Violet Jindy, Margaret Trenn and Doris DeLucia; and two brothers, Joseph Facchine and Rudolph "Sonny" Facchine. He was the last member of his immediate family.
Mr. Facchine was a member of the Queen of the World Church, the Fox Twp. Legion and the Emporium Moose Lodge. He was a Veteran of WWII having served in the Army in the European Theatre. He enjoyed play cards and getting hugs from his grandchildren and great grandchildren.
A Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated in the Queen of the World Church on Monday, January 21, 2013 at 10:00 AM with the Rev. Michael Ferrick, Pastor, officiating. Full military rites will be accorded by the St. Marys Servicemen's Burial Detail.
Visitation is at the Lynch-Radkowski Funeral Home on Sunday evening, January 20, 2013 from 6:00 to 9:00 PM.


text: Light, colorful and accessible collection Arc en Ciel sucks the joy of life! The Arc en Ciel range is composed of a chair and a rectangular table (70 50 x cm) available in many bright colors and vitamins. Feel free to mix colors! This collection is ideal for composing a very nice dining area, indoors or outdoors: kitchen, open space, veranda, terrace ... Lightweight, foldable and practical, the décor painted steel Arc en Ciel moves from the living room to the garden depending on the seasons and needs. Adorable timeless style of this collection, as well as its low price and limballo fun with handle for easy transport ... Guaranteed success with all who will receive it! The price corresponds only to the amount of the chair Arc en Ciel (the table is sold separately). You can also buy the complete set, including a table and chairs 2 Arc en Ciel, presented in a gift box very pretty and practical. Privacy protection for outdoor use - folding chair - Delivered with protective pads


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Behavioral Intervention for HIV and HCV-Uninfected Injection Drug Users
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00164372
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : September 14, 2005
Last Update Posted : September 27, 2012
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|HIV Infections Hepatitis C
|Behavioral: Peer Education Intervention
|Phase 2 Phase 3
CIDUS III/DUIT is a five-city (Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Seattle) randomized controlled trial to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a six-session behavioral intervention for HIV and HCV uninfected injection drug users between the ages of 15 and 30 years. The primary goals of the intervention are to:
- decrease the shared use of syringes and other injection paraphernalia,
- decrease sexual risk behaviors associated with HIV and HCV infection, and
- decrease the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
The intervention arm consists of six small-group training and skills-building sessions to teach and reinforce peer education activities around decreasing sex and injection risk behaviors for HIV and HCV infection. In the fifth session, participants practice peer education around sex or injection risk behaviors within their community. The control arm consists of six video and discussion sessions to control for attention. Prior to study enrollment, all participants in both arms receive HIV and HCV testing with client-centered pre- and post-test counseling to also control for the demand for risk reduction information. Behavioral assessments (by audio computer assisted self interviewing) and blood draws (for serologic testing) occur at baseline, 3 and 6 month follow-up. 3285 participants completed the baseline visit, of whom 1564 tested HIV and HCV seronegative and returned for test results making them eligible to enroll in the intervention trial. Of the eligible participants, 854 were randomized into the trial. 606 and 591 returned for 3 and 6 month follow-up assessments, respectively, and 712 participants completed at least one follow-up visit.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Enrollment :
|1400 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Collaborative Injection Drug Users Study III/Drug Users Intervention Trial (CIDUS III/DUIT)
|Study Start Date :
|May 2002
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|December 2006
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|December 2006
- 1. decrease in the number and proportion of times participants practiced vaginal or anal sex without a condom.
- 2. decrease in the overall number of persons participants shared syringes or injection equipment with.
- 3. decrease in the number and proportion of injections done with a syringe previously used by another person.
- 4. decrease in the number and proportion of times participant used another person's equipment to prepare or divide drugs before injecting.
- 1. decrease the incidence of HCV infection.
- 2. decrease the frequency of injecting in high-risk settings.
- 3. increase the frequency of drug treatment entry or decrease the frequency of injection drug use.
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|15 Years to 30 Years (Child, Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- age 15-30 years old
- self-reported illicit drug injection within the past 6 months
- live in the geographic region under study and plan to stay for >12 months
- willing to provide a blood sample for serologic testing
- willing to provide basic contact information for follow-up
- able to communicate in English
- had not participated in the pilot study or previously enrolled in the trial
- not concurrently participating in other HIV or HCV intervention trials
- tested HIV and HCV seronegative at baseline
Exclusion Criteria:
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00164372
|United States, California
|Health Research Association
|Los Angeles, California, United States, 90010
|United States, Illinois
|University of Illinois at Chicago
|Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
|United States, Maryland
|Johns Hopkins University
|Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205
|United States, New York
|New York Academy of Medicine
|New York, New York, United States, 10029
|United States, Washington
|Public Health Seattle and King County
|Seattle, Washington, United States, 98104
|Principal Investigator:
|Richard S. Garfein, PhD, MPH
|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
|Responsible Party:
|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|September 14, 2005 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|September 27, 2012
|Last Verified:
|September 2012
IV Drug users
hepatitis C virus
HIV Seronegativity
Hepatitis C
Liver Diseases
Digestive System Diseases
Hepatitis, Viral, Human
Virus Diseases
RNA Virus Infections
Flaviviridae Infections


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Download link (right click and 'save-as') for playing in VLC or other compatible player.
""It is a truth very certain that, when it is not in our power to determine what is true, we ought to follow what is most probable."" - Rene Descartes (1596-1650), French philosopher and mathematician


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What's New
Joggle Font Family by Harold's Fonts
About: Joggle was inspired by a book jacket that I once saw, half remembered, and couldn't find again. The illustration was a colorful 50s, jazz-style composition, and the hand-drawn, outlined letters joined up. Couldn't find it again; hope I did it justice. The letters link up as you type. There are end caps, blank spaces, and flourishes to finish up names and headings, and two of each letter so you have a little more variety. A second font provides a loose fill that be placed behind the outlines for another effect. Includes 2 of each cap, plus numbers, punctuation, numbers, and international characters.


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Mogadishu is enjoying its longest sustained peace in 21 years of civil war. But don't mistake that for a return to normality. As TIME contract photographer Dominic Nahr's pictures reveal, when the tide of war rolled back off Somalia's capital, it left behind one of the world's strangest-looking cities. Every building shot-up, every road ruined—a tropical Dresden on the Horn of Africa standing testament to an extraordinary capacity for destruction. And yet, as the city recovers, that grey and dusty tableau of annihilation only accentuates the bright shoots of returning life: the red of a head scarf, the orange covers on a refugee shelter, the florescent turquoise of the sea.
No one knows what Mogadishu's future will look like. No one even knows whether its peace will last. But already there is a lesson: even in the most ruined city in the world's most failed state, life and color—and hope—endures.
Dominic Nahr, a TIME contract photographer, is represented by Magnum.
Alex Perry is TIME's Africa bureau chief.


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Molokai Events, Coupons, Reviews!
Subscribe to KidsScoop! The monthly family event and savings newsletter.
This morning I came out to find that winter has not yet gone away! My car windows were covered in ice! Just a few months ago, I received a Scrape-A-Round to test and I was sure glad that I had it now. The Scrape-A-Round is so easy to use and easy on the hands as well. It takes me half the time to clean off my car windows and it is much easier to use than a traditional scraper. If you're tired of scrapping your windows the old fashioned way, then join the Scrape-A-Round movement. You will secure your family's safety, access new gift ideas and scrape your windows cleaner in half the time with the world's best windshield ice scraper. View the Scrape-A-Round in action:
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Sources close to ZCCM-IH told Africa Confidential that FQM has not yet produced an account of how the funds it allegedly borrowed from Kansanshi Mine were used. It has only produced âexplanatory notesâ which the Zambian government has rejected. Many believed the dropped of the court case signified a soft outcome for FQM, but opinions are changing.
FQM is accused to using revenues from its Zambian operations to develop mines elsewhere in the world without paying the proper rate for the finance. Zambiaâs original claim was for US$2.3 billion (AC Vol 58 No 11).
FQMâs director of government affairs John Gladstone promised the Zambian negotiating team âthe paperworkâ that would show how the funds paid for a smelter that was wholly owned by Kansanshi would be produced.
Since then, Gladstone has been sidelined in favour of FQM Chief Executive Officer Phillip Pascall. âWe were told that Gladstone had over-committed or mis-committed the firm,â says a Ministry of Finance source.
Pascall has paid two âcourtesy callsâ on Lungu, a situation viewed with suspicion by the governmentâs negotiators.
But they were encouraged by Lunguâs decision to reject FQMâs explanatory notes.
âIf the president agreed that those power point presentations were satisfactory, then we would know that FQM has struck a deal behind our backs, but to our relief, the document was rejected,â an official told AC.


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"Coral calcium" is the name of a dietary supplement derived from either coral remnants that have falled to the ocean floor ("marine coral") or coral harvested from land quarries as found in islands. It is mostly calcium carbonate but contains magnesium and trace amounts of other minerals. Although coral minerals have been mined for centuries, the term "coral calcium" was brought to public attention about ten years ago through a massive advertising campaign by Robert R. Barefoot, of of Wickenberg, Arizona, who claimed that coral minerals obtained from Okinawa provided "the scientific secret of health and youth" and would cure cancer. His ideas were promoted through books, lectures, his Web site, an audiotape, two 30-minute infomercials [2], interviews, and thousands of Web sites that sold products. Although his sales pitch was preposterous, he gained a wide audience. His book, The Calcium Factor [1], first published in 1992, was revised several times and on January 31, 2003 enjoyed an Amazon Books sales rank of #412, which was quite high. On the same day, his Death By Diet [3], originally published in 1996 and then in its fourth edition, was ranked #1790; and his other book, Barefoot on Coral Calcium [4], was ranked #8,114. In January and February 2003, Barefoot's "A Closer Look" infomercial was among the most frequently shown and was the most frequent one connected with a dietary supplement. In March 2003, a newer infomercial version hit #1 on the frequency list and a Google Search for "coral calcium" topped 120,000. Barefoot's Cure America Web site listed his email address as email@example.com, which, considering his probable sales volume, was probably an apt description. Barefoot's infomercials were among the most outrageous I have ever seen. In 2003, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission stopped their broadcasting, but coral calcium products are still widely marketed with lesser claims.
Dubious Claims
Here is a sampling of Barefoot's claims followed by my comments in red type. Except as noted, all were from his infomercial "A Closer Look."
- "Over 200 degenerative diseases are caused by calcium deficiency. That includes cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer's, you name it." These diseases are caused by acidosis—acidification of the body—lack of minerals, especially calcium. When you start taking coral calcium, your body alkalizes and drives out the acid [5 ]. All of these statements are incorrect. Calcium deficiency can weaken bones (osteoporosis), but it does not make the body more acidic or cause a wide range of diseases. The idea that calcium supplements (or dietary strategies) can change the acidity of the body is nonsense. The only acid level that diet or supplements can modify is the degree of acidity (pH) of the urine [6].
- "There are seven major cultures in the world that never, ever, ever get sick. They never get cancer, they never get heart disease, and they they never get diabetes. They have no doctors. These people live 30, 40 years longer, and they don't grow old. What's the common denominator? One hundred times the RDA of everything. So they're taking 100 times the RDA. They take so much, they get all they need and the body passes what it doesn't need." [5] This statement is preposterous. There is no culture in which nobody gets sick. And nobody ingests 100 times the Recommended Dietary Allowances of everything. That amount of iron, for example, would probably be fatal within a few days.
- "The body can cure itself of all disease if given the nutrients it needs." [1:142] Ninety percent of the disease in America can be wiped out if people get on appropriate nutrients. Not true. Although nutritional strategies can help prevent and manage some diseases (most notably cardiovascular diseases), they are rarely curative. Moreover, the vast majority of diseases have little or nothing to do with nutrient levels; and few diseases are treatable by administering dietary supplements.
- Ninety-eight percent of people over age 60 are "totally calcium-deficient." That's why we have all this trouble with heart disease, lupus, and Parkinson's disease. Barefoot doesn't say what "totally deficient" means or where he gets this figure. However, U.S. government surveys indicate that at least half the people in this age group were getting at least 900 mg per day, which would hardly make them "totally deficient." [7] Calcium's relevance to high blood pressure may play a small role in the incidence of heart disease, but lupus and Parkinson's disease are not caused by calcium deficiency. Keep in mind that low calcium intake has very little impact on calcium blood levels. Most of the body's calcium is stored in the bones, which can release whatever amounts are needed to maintain adequate blood levels. Over a period of many years, this can produce osteoporosis, but it has little or no effect on other disease processes.
- Testing the pH level of the saliva is the most reliable test of calcium deficiency and can also tell the state of a person's health. Testing saliva has no practical value in evaluating general health. The level is usually similar to blood pH, which the body keeps within a narrow range. When the saliva flow is high, the pH is usually about 7.4 (7 is neutral, low numbers are acid, and higher numbers are alkaline). Calcium intake does not affect the pH of saliva. The most common cause of low (acid) salivary pH is the presence in the mouth of bacteria that cause cavities. In diseases (such as diabetic acidosis) in which blood pH is dangerously low, the level is determined by blood pH testing and calcium pills have no relevance to treatment.
- People should not be concerned about their cholesterol levels because abnormal levels are not the cause of heart disease. The real problem is calcium deficiency. Cholesterol problems will correct themselves if your minerals are balanced. (In another TV interview, Barefoot even stated that, "Everyone blames cholesterol, but it absolutely has nothing to do with heart disease." Hundreds of scientific studies support the medical belief that cholesterol is a major factor in cardiovascular disease. I am not aware of any relationship between abnormal cholesterol levels and calcium deficiency; and Barefoot cites no evidence that supports what he says.
- The two most important things people can do to be healthier, live longer, and disease-free are to take coral calcium and get a minimum of two hours of sunlight on their face every day—without sunscreen. Barefoot presents no data to back either of these claims. Even worse, two hours a day of unprotected sun exposure—particularly in warm climates—would place the person at high risk of getting skin cancer.
- Experts quoted in the Journal of the American Medical Association say that calcium can prevent and reverse colon cancer. Barefoot didn't cite the article, but I searched the journal site for "calcium" and "colon cancer" and found it. In 1998, researchers at the Strang Cancer Prevention Center and another prominent medical institution reported that increasing the daily intake of calcium by up to 1,200 mg via low-fat dairy food in subjects at risk for colonic cancer reduced growth characteristics thought to be associated with the development of cancer [8]. The study indicated that increased attention to calcium might find a role in cancer prevention, but the study had nothing to do with either calcium supplements or the "reversal" of an established cancer.
- Barefoot claims to have seen "millions" of testimonials, had a thousand people tell him how they cured their cancer, and witnessed people with multiple sclerosis "get out of wheelchairs just by getting on the coral." He doesn't say how he could possibly have received and read millions of testimonials, investigated a thousand cases of alleged cancer cures, or determined that patients with multiple sclerosis were actually helped by coral calcium. Proper evaluation of claimed cancer cures would require (a) checking whether the patient had a biopsy, (b) checking whether or not the patient had standard treatment, (c) checking whether the patient was actually cancer-free, (d) following the patient's course for several years, (e) and compiling detailed statistics. Do you think that Barefoot has done any of these things? The Calcium Factor contains seven brief testimonials from cancer patients, but none contains enough detail either to identify any of the people or to evaluate what they report. Multiple sclerosis testimonials are even more difficult to verify because the disease normally has ups and downs. Controlled studies are needed to determine whether a method is effective.
- All cultures in which people live very long, all the people consume 100,000 milligrams of calcium. That would be enough to cause kidney stones, calcium deposits throughout the body, and death within a short period of time [9]. The Institute of Medicine recommends taking no more than 2,500 milligrams a day [7]. Taking twice that amount would be risky [9]. Taking 40 times that amount would be insane.
- The Calcium Factor contains hundreds of scientific references that back up what it says. If it did, they are well hidden. I found fewer than 100 citations, many of which were to magazine articles and quacky books. The normal way to report journal references is to list the author, journal, volume, page numbers, and year of publication. Although I looked carefully, I found only a few that were specified in this way, and some were written by authors I know to be untrustworthy. A few passages gave enough information to locate the article to which they referred, and some passages cited standard medical textbooks. However, many of these were outdated, some were quoted out of context, and none appeared to support any of the the claims I have challenged in this article.
- About 600 years ago, people in Okinawa began putting coral calcium in their food and discovered that they gradually got healthier. About 100 years later, Spanish explorers came and found virtually no disease. So they filled up their ships and brought it to Spain, where they analyzed it and found not only calcium but a perfect balance of magnesium and 70 other trace metals and other minerals. That's an amazing story, considering the fact that 500 years ago the nature and existence of trace minerals was unknown.
- Okinawans do not get cancer. This is easy to explode by doing a Medline search for articles about cancer that mention Okinawa in their title. I found at least ten that describe the incidence of various cancers.
- The calcium in coral calcium is far more absorbable (100%) than the calcium in milk (17%) , calcium citrate products (10%) and antacid products (1-2%). Experts interviewed by the Washington Post stated that pure calcium carbonate products are 30-35% absorbable [10].
In 2003, a newer Barefoot/Trudeau infomercial ("The Debbie & Kevin Show") highlighted and misrepresented the JAMA calcium study and claimed that coral calcium had cured many cases of terminal cancer.
Barefoot's ideas and various coral calcium products were also promoted by several multilevel companies, one of which, in 1999, was ordered by the FDA to stop making health claims that related its products to blood pressure, arthritic conditions, heart disease, or digestive reflux [11]. Other regulatory actions are listed below.
Questionable Credentials
Thousands of Web sites refer to Barefoot as "Dr. Robert Barefoot" or Robert Barefoot, Ph.D. However, he is not a medical doctor and does not have a Ph.D. degree. In 1999, Barefoot was not permitted to testify as an expert in a case in which the Maryland Attorney General stopped the marketing of T-Up (an aloe vera concentrate) and cesium chloride for the treatment of cancer and AIDS. The case was extremely serious because the regimen had killed several of its users. During hearings in the case, the defendants sought to have Barefoot testify that cesium was effective. The curriculum vitae that Barefoot submitted described his formal education after high school as "1964 Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, Chemistry" and "1967 Graduated with Honors, Chemical Research Technology." [12] This means that his highest educational credential was a diploma (not a university degree) that reflected only three years of coursework. The presiding Administrative Law Judge noted that Barefoot had formal training and experience in inorganic chemistry but had no professionally supported or supervised training and had not done any professionally recognized research in organic chemistry and biochemistry in the human body. Although Barefoot described having many discussions with doctors and patients about using cesium for treating cancer, the judge concluded that "this experience and study was not scientific." In 2000, a civil court judge ordered the defendants to pay millions of dollars in restitution and $3.7 million in civil penalties [13,14]. In 2001, the Maryland Court of Special Appeals upheld this decision in a ruling that explained why Barefoot's exclusion had been justified [15]. One of the defendants received a 46-month prison sentence in a parallel criminal case [16].
Web sites also described Barefoot as a "world-renowned chemist." His curriculum vitae stated that between 1968 and 1972 he published six scientific research papers on analytical chemistry and diagenesis. Diagenesis refers to the changes that occur in sediments as they are buried under other sediments. This has some relevance to the formation of limestone, but it certainly has nothing to do with human biology or human health. Searching Medline, which is the most comprehensive database of medically-related journals, I located no articles with Barefoot listed as author. His curriculum vitae stated that he had patented an ore-extraction process and headed two companies that serviced the petroleum industry. His marketing activities attracted considerable attention, but I doubt that he deserves to be called a "renowned chemist."
Carl J. Reich, M.D., who co-authored The Calcium Factor, was a Canadian physician whose license was canceled in 1983. Barefoot claimed that Reich had a thriving practice in Calgary, Canada, but the Alberta College of Physicians and Surgeons considered his practices "potentially dangerous." [2:92] However, the College's public report stated:
A hearing was held before a panel of three peers on March 4, 1986. The allegations were:
- Between the 3rd day of June, A.D., 1982 and the 3rd day of December, A.D., 1982 provided treatment to patients contrary to the Order of The Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Alberta dated the 3rd day of June, A.D. 1982.
- Demonstrate a lack of skill and judgment in the practice of medicine in accordance with an assessment of his medical practice as conducted on December 13, 1983, by an Assessment Committee appointed by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Alberta.
On March 20, 1986 the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Alberta advised Dr. C.J. Reich that his name was to be struck from the Register of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Alberta.
Kevin Trudeau, who hosted Barefoot's infomercials, has been the object of many FTC regulatory actions for false advertising. In 1998, in connection with six infomercials that he developed, Trudeau signed a consent agreement to (a) pay $500,000 in consumer redress, (b) be barred from making false claims for products in the future, and (c) establish a $500,000 escrow account or performance bond to assure compliance [17]. In the infomercials, Trudeau acted skeptical by questioning why listeners should believe various claims that the overwhelming majority of medical doctors would dispute. Barefoot's answer is simple (and incorrect). Doctors, he said, were too busy to read journals and get their information from drug companies; and drug companies didn't want them to know that coral calcium was more effective than their drugs. (Doctors actually get most of their information from journals, continuing education courses, and conversations with colleagues, not from drug companies.) During the early 1990s, according to a report in the Wall Street Journal, Trudeau served nearly two years in prison. In 1990, he pled guilty to larceny in a Cambridge, Massachusetts, state court in connection with $80,000 in worthless checks he had deposited at a bank. The sentencing memorandum said that he had posed as a doctor to increase his credibility with bank officials. In 1991, he pled guilty to credit-card fraud in Boston federal district court. Among his misdeeds in the federal case, he misappropriated for his own use the credit-card numbers of customers of the memory-improvement courses that he offered at the time [18].
The ostensible purpose of the infomercial was to sell The Calcium Factor and Death By Diet. The infomercial stated that listeners could get a special price by calling a toll-free number. I assume that the product was not mentioned on the program because the cancer claim would make Barefoot and Trudeau sitting ducks for FDA prosecution. But by selling the book, they would be protected by freedom of the press as long as the contents of the book are accurately described. When I called the number to get the price of the books, I learned that the price was $37.97 plus $7.99 for shipping, a total of $45.96. The list prices on Amazon Books totaled $35.90, but buyers of both would pay no shipping charge, and used and nearly new copies were available for less. I also found a coral calcium supplier who sold both books for $27.40 postpaid.
Cost Considerations
The monthly cost of coral calcium varies with the brand, price charged by the retailer, and the number of capsules taken per day. Barefoot recommended determining the daily dosage by testing the pH of your saliva (a test that is not valid for determining calcium needs). The Calcium Factor stated that only 3 are needed for people in the "healthy range" but 6 or 9 are needed for people who are ill or are developing an illness [2:119]. Since most people will test alkaline (7.2 to 7.4), the most likely dosage would be 3 per day.
During "A Closer Look," Trudeau stated that callers to a toll-free number who mention the program's name can take advantage of "special arrangements" he made with all of his program's guests. When I called the toll-free number, the operator answered "The Calcium Factor." When I asked whether this was a regular business, he said that it was just an order center. When I asked who owned it, he first said he didn't know and then said their names were "Tom" and "Steve." When I asked about the "special arrangements, I was told that the books, three videotapes, and three audiotapes were available free as part of a package that includes ten 90-capsule bottles of "Coral Calcium Daily" for $299.99 plus $19.98 shipping ($32 per bottle), and that buyers of the package can get additional bottles for life for half that much. The product contained calcium carbonate, 3 other minerals, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. The operator told me that the recommended dosage was 3 capsules per day, which would make the monthly cost about $32 for the first ten months and about half that much thereafter. I couldn't find anything "special" about the arrangements, and I found what looked like the same deal on a Web site for $50 less. Bob Barefoot's Coral Calcium Supreme, the product promoted by the Debbie & Kevin infomercial, had a similar range of prices.
The "Barefoot Calcium Plus" formula, which appeared to be a major competitor, contained the same ingredients plus seven more minerals. The Coral Calcium Supplement Center sold twelve 90-capsule bottles for $263.40 plus $17.70 for shipping, which would total about $23 per month. Neither product was rationally formulated. Purified calcium carbonate tablets, which should be chewed to enhance absorption, can be obtained in drugstores and other retail outlets for about $2 per month. Vitamin D can be important, especially for people who have minimal exposure to sunlight. However, people who need supplementary vitamin D can get it combined with calcium carbonate at no additional cost. The other nutrients in these products are readily available in more complete multivitamin/multimineral products that need not cost more than $2 per month [19].
Safety Considerations
Using an inexpensive calcium supplement may also be safer. Laboratory analyses have shown that some calcium supplements contain significant amounts of lead and other heavy metals [20]. The UC Berkeley Wellness Letter has warned:
There has been little or no good research on coral as a source of calcium or as a treatment for disease. But that doesn't stop the marketers from making their claims, since dietary supplements are virtually unregulated. You have no idea what's really in the bottle or if the stuff is safe. Historically, calcium supplements haven't always been safe: years ago calcium carbonate from bone meal or oyster shells, for instance, was used in some supplements —but was later found to contain high levels of lead. Since then the government and manufacturers took action to reduce lead levels in existing calcium supplements. But new supplements can go untested [21].
The Wellness Letter statement turned out to be prophetic. In June 2003, ConsumerLab reported that Bob Barefoot's Coral Calcium Supreme contains 2.5 micrograms of lead per gram of calcium [22]. This might not pose a physical threat (except, perhaps, to a developing child when taken by a woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding). However, there is no logical reason to take such aproduct when many other calcium supplements have a lower lead level. California requires that products exceeding the "no significant risk level" of 1.5 micrograms of lead provide a warning label—which Barefoot's product did not.
Government Actions
The outrageous nature of Barefoot's claims triggered regulatory action here and abroad. In June 2003, the United Kingdom's Independent Television Commission (ITC) announced that it had levied a £60,000 fine on the television shopping channel, Shop America (a subsidiary of Trustar Global Media) for several breaches of the ITC's Advertising Code. The main offense was an ad which claimed that Bob Barefoot's Coral Calcium Supreme could help reverse cancer and other serious diseases and could benefit everyone, including babies. The penalty also covered misleading ads for the Fresh Start diet plan and a golfing product [23]. One week later, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission charged Barefoot, Trudeau, Shop America (USA), and Deonna Enterprises with making unsubstantiated claims that "go far beyond existing scientific evidence regarding the recognized health benefits of coral calcium." The FTC filed suit in Chicago federal court abd quickly obtiained a temporary restraining order and an asset freeze. In addition, the FTC and FDA sent warnings to many Web site operators who are making similar claims [24] and U.S. Marshals seized $2.6 million worth of Coral Calcium Supreme [25].
In a separate action, the FTC alleged that Trudeau violated the 1998 FTC order prohibiting him from making unsubstantiated claims about the benefits, performance, or efficacy of any product. The FTC alleges that Trudeau violated the order by making false and unsubstantiated claims about Coral Calcium Supreme and Biotape (a purported pain-relief product which Trudeau promotes through a separate infomercial). In this action, the FTC is seeking a finding of contempt, monetary relief, and other injunctive relief, as well as a temporary restraining order that would prohibit Trudeau from making the challenged claims, and would freeze his assets [26]. Biotape's developer, Darrell Stoddard, claims that pain is caused by blockage of "life force" ("chi") and that the tape is conductive mylar that "connects the broken circuits." [26] Users are instructed place a strip of Biotape directly on the parts of their body where they feel pain.
In January 2004, shortly before a trial would otherwise taken place, the FTC announced that Barefoot had agreed to a permanent injunction under which he, Deonna Enterprises, Inc., and Karbo Enterprises, Inc., are:
- Prohibited from making unsubstantiated claims that:
- "Coral Calcium Supreme" or any other coral calcium product can treat or cure cancer, multiple sclerosis, heart disease, high blood pressure, and other serious diseases.
- The body absorbs coral calcium better than other calcium supplements in the market.
- A daily serving size of such a product provides the same amount of bioavailable calcium as two gallons of milk.
- Scientific research published in JAMA and elsewhere proves that calcium supplements are able to reverse or cure cancer in the human body.
- Prohibited from making unsubstantiated claims about the health benefits, performance,or efficacy for any dietary supplement, food, drug, cosmetic, device, or service.
- Required to recall any product packaging that makes the prohibited claims,
- Required to notify resellers and distributors about the FTC action.
The court order also permitted the FTC to recover all royalties owed to Barefoot in connection with the Coral Calcium Supreme infomercial marketing [27,28].
The Bottom Line
Calcium intake is an important factor in bone health and may play some role in the prevention of colon cancer. Your best bet for osteoporosis prevention is to follow a medically approved program that includes adequate calcium, exercise, and other measures. The National Academy of Sciences advises Americans and Canadians at risk for osteoporosis to consume between 700 and 1,300 milligrams of calcium per day, depending on age [7]. This can be done with dairy products, supplements, or both. Readily absorbable supplements need not cost more than a few cents a day, which means that taking coral calcium products for their calcium conent is a waste of money.
Government regulatory actions have caused marketers of coral calcium claims to be much more cautious in their claims. Most current promotions suggest that trace mineral deficiencies are common and coral calcium products are ideal for preventing them. Some also claim that coral minerals also improve health by correcting pH imbalances. Such statements are misleading because (a) people who eat sensibly do not need supplements of trace minerals, and (b) unless someone is severely ill, the body pH will remain within its proper range.
For professional advice on calcium intake, ask a registered dietitian (R.D.) or physician to help you.
For Additional Information
- Acid/Alkaline Theory of Disease is Nonsense
- Robert Barefoot's Curriculum Vitae
- Council for Responsible Nutrition complaint to the FDA
- Investigative Report by Terry Dunkle
- Transcript of "A Closer Look"
- Transcript of "The Debbie & Kevin Show"
- "A Closer Look" and "The Debbie & Kevin Show," both televised in 2002 and 2003.
- Barefoot RR, Reich CS. The Calcium Factor: The Scientific Secret of Health and Youthm 5th Edition. Southeastern, PA: Triad Marketing, 2002.
- Barefoot RR. Death By Calcium, 4th Edition. Southeastern, PA: Triad Marketing, 2002.
- Barefoot RR. Barefoot on Coral Calcium: An Elixir of Life. Newark, NJ: Wellness Publishing, 2001.
- Robert R. Barefoot Coral Calcium Interview. Audiotape transcript. Coral Calcium Supplement Center Web site, accessed Fed 1, 2003.
- Mirkin G. Acid/alkaline theory of disease is nonsense. Quackwatch, Fed 6, 2003.
- Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, D.C., 2010, National Academy Press.
- Holt PR and others. Modulation of abnormal colonic epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation by low-fat dairy foods: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 280:1074-1079, 1998.
- Scofield HR. Milk-alkali syndrome. eMedicine Web site, revised Fed 28, 2002.
- Packer-Tursman J. From the depths: Many experts don't swallow extraordinary claims for calcium supplements derived from sea coral. Washington Post May 20, 2003.
- Setterberg SM. Warning letter to Gregg Barna, CEO of Health Thru Nutrition (d.b.a. Health Technologies Network (HTN), Aug 20, 1999.
- Barefoot, RR. Curriculum vitae. Undated, circa 1999.
- Curran orders aloe company to stop "miracle cure" claims and to pay restitution and $3.7 million in civil penalties. Maryland Attorney General news release, May 10, 2000.
- Court affirms order requiring aloe company to cease miracle cure claims, pay restitution & $3.7 million penalty. Maryland Attorney General news release, April 11, 2002
- Rodowsky J. Opinion in T-Up, Inc, et al. v. Consumer Protection Division, Office of the Attorney General. In the Court of Special Appeals of Maryland, No. 0064, September Term, 2001.
- Willis L. Man gets term of 46 months in aloe vera case: Concoction distributed as a treatment for cancer. Baltimore Sun, Dec 1, 2001.
- Infomercial marketers settle various charges: Ad claims for "Hair Farming," "Mega Memory System," "Addiction Breaking System," "Action Reading," "Eden's Secret," and "Mega Reading" were deceptive. FTC news release, Jan 13, 1998.
- Barrett S. Dietary supplements: Appropriate Use. Quackwatch, revised May 20, 2002.
- Emshwiller JR. Nutrition for Life's top recruiter has a criminal past despite convictions, Trudeau gets new distributors to fork out the cash. The Wall Street Journal, Jan 19, 1996.
- Ross EA and others. Lead content of calcium supplements. JAMA 284:1425-1429, 2000.
- How to sell a 5¢ supplement for $1. UC Berkeley Wellness Letter, Fed 2003.
- Product review: Calcium. ConsumerLab, accessed June 10, 2003.
- ITC imposes £60,000 financial penalty on Shop America. ITC news release June 2, 2003.
- FTC charges marketers of Coral Calcium Supreme dietary supplement and a pain-relief product with making false and unsubstantiated claims. FTC news release, June 10, 2003.
- FDA Dietary Supplement Enforcement Report, July 2003.
- Stoddard DJ. Pain healed "immediately" (Severe, chronic, intractable pain, not masked or managed, but healed) by applying a highly conductive, patented, polymer membrane. Pain Research Institute Web site, accessed June 13, 2003.
- Marketers of coral calcium product are prohibited from making disease treatment and cure claims in advertising. FTC news release, Jan 22, 2004.
- Gettleman G. Stipulated final order for permanent injunction and settlement of claims for monetary relief as to defendants Robert Barefoot, Deonna Enterprises, Inc. and Karbo Enterprises, Inc., U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, Civ. No. 03-C-3904.
This article was revised on September 13, 2012.