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Jim Thomas is a research program manager and writer at the ETC Group. His background is in communications, writing on emerging technologies, and international campaigning.
For the seven years previous to joining ETC Group, Jim was a researcher and campaigner on genetic engineering and food issues for Greenpeace International -- working in Europe, North America, Australia/New Zealand, and South East Asia. He has extensive experience on issues around transgenic crops and nanotechnologies has written articles, chapters, and technical reports in the media and online.
Trained as a historian to look back at the history of technology, Jim is now busy communicating the future of technology. He's a big fan of storytelling, slam poetry, and sushi.


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I was long waiting for the much-talked and much-hyped tablet PC from Amazon and now at the first news, I could only say that there isn't anything to express apart from a substantial degree of disappointment. Back in March, earlier during the year, I went terribly anxious when I heard of a prospect tablet launch in Kindle Fire, more because, it was coming straight from the pot of much-renowned Amazon. The attractive price tag promise was something which was highly alluring since most of the others who weren't there until that time, were only speculated for an expensive price.
If I just sneak in as to what all we have in major tablet choices at present, then it's primarily Apple's iPad 2, Samsung Galaxy Tab 10.1, Blackberry's Playbook and HP Touchpad. Lenevo's Lepad and MSI range hasn't really gone that far yet so can't really comment as to how well they have fared in specific regions along within native areas.
A huge anticipation seems to have drowned with the fresh reviews that Kindle Fire has generated until now. Unfortunately, a quick peek at the Amazon tablet isn't impressive at all, forget about the comparison you want to see amid others. Here are some ordinary specs for Kindle Fire:
• A 7-inch screen, apparently the smallest in the cluster, barring only Playbook, isn't any great.
• Runs on Android 2.3 platform and promises an okay resolution.
• A dual core processor with a storage capacity of 8GB is the lowest you would get making it worthless for a comparison.
• There are no cameras, video potential and even the sensors aren't reported.
• A big question mark looms over 3G/4G which is dreadful.
• The wifi count seems to be in sync with all the others using the similar 802.11 b/g/n version/tool.
• Not quite sure how well the Bluetooth works and does it even have one and same goes for GPS.
The only thing that would perhaps persuade someone to go for it would be its price tag, which is a healthy 300 dollars less than the others. Also, for those who want to carry a gadget lighter in weight, then it is well under a pound.
As for a personal view, if it is all about having a tablet in the closet then why spend that extra bucks, just go for it, ignoring what all Kindle Fire doesn't have but I guess that isn't a part of add-on features, they are simply essential for in a good tablet and for all this vital stuff, I wont even mind paying EMIs. After all, you don't buy a tablet everyday.

subset: commoncrawl


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The completed design — for the 66MW Puebla-Pier II project in Mexico — marks the culmination of a three and a half year research and development programme called Sedar.
Iberdrola claims Sedar will substantially improve the calculation of wind-power output across a wind farm's lifecycle and overcome the obstacles determining the exact location of the best wind resources at complex sites.
Sedar was developed in conjunction with the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre (BSC), with the support of Spain's National Renewable Energy Center (CENER). It uses BSC's MareNostrum supercomputer, "the most powerful in Spain", according to Iberdrola.
It is claimed the model can provide wind simulation at a high-resolution scale measured in square meters, rather than tens of square meters as in the case of other existing models. It also predicts stress and fatigue on turbines from turbulence and cross winds.
Other computerised versions at the complex Puebla-Pier II site could not provide accurate enough measurements, even after installing 15 wind measuring masts, according to a recent statement from José María Cela, BSC's applications director. With Sedar, five masts would have been enough for accurate modelling, he claimed.


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Sunrise of Abington
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In elegant, residential environments, we deliver the finest in senior care, and are recognized internationally for both quality and innovation. Guided by our Principles of Service, Sunrise affords families peace-of-mind by providing today's seniors with a range of personalized personal care services. From assistance with activities of daily living such as eating, bathing, dressing to medication monitoring, Sunrise provides residents with the help they need. Residents maintain the same privacy in their new home as they enjoyed in their own home. At Sunrise, we encourage residents to challenge themselves while offering the assistance they need. We encourage family and friends to be involved, to visit frequently, and to invite residents on outings to community events. This innovative approach to senior care is designed to maintain independence and dignity, yet is balanced with the comfort and security that comes from knowing experienced help is close at hand.
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Skip to 0 minutes and 3 seconds Hello and welcome to our course: An Introduction to Screenwriting. I'm Michael Lengsfield - the lead educator for this course. I'll also be joined by a trio of writers for some free-flowing, sometimes contentious, discussions of the material but you'll meet them in a little while. Now for those of you who've never given much thought to screenwriting, the course will offer a brief glimpse into the thinking that goes into the construction of a screenplay. For those of you who have previous experience with screenwriting, the course should offer you new techniques, or approaches, that will help to further your own work.
Skip to 0 minutes and 39 seconds And we hope that the course will create a common vocabulary to help us in more advanced courses that we will offer in the future. We'll look at the most common approaches to screenwriting but we'll also look at some of the alternative methods as well. The course consists of two sessions over two weeks, so we will move through the material fairly quickly. Each week will offer a new information, or techniques, a chance to apply some of those techniques, and the opportunity to discuss the material with other participants. The first week we'll take a broad look at story and consider how we might find and develop our own narratives.
Skip to 1 minute and 16 seconds We'll also look at what makes a screen story, and discuss the role of plotting, which is sometimes described as story structure. The second week we'll take a closer look at actually constructing a screenplay. We'll discuss the tools of screenwriting, which will include a look at the mechanics of creating a scene. We'll go through script formatting, consider characters and character development, and learn to organise our workflow in a way that will help us complete a full length script. The panel of writers and I will discuss some of the issues that arise in any discussion of screenwriting.
Skip to 1 minute and 54 seconds The four of us began, we thought, with a great deal of agreement on the subject but we soon discovered that each of us has a very different approach to screenwriting. And in fact, in some places, we don't even agree on basic definitions. It should make for a lively conversation. We hope you enjoy the course!
An introduction to Week 1
Michael Lengsfield, Lead Educator, welcomes you and introduces the course.
In the first week, we'll take a broad look at story and what makes a screen story, developing our own stories and then consider plots and story structure.
We hope that you enjoy this brief two-week look into the thinking behind the construction of a screenplay.
© University of East Anglia


text: CLWP88332-006 Melograno Unito Beige by Scalamandre Beige Wallcovering Click to Enlarge More Featured Products Inside Fabric features over 100K famous-brand fabrics and wallpapers. See more... Find fabric similar to this pattern. close close close Regular Price: $507.00 Save 46% $ 273 00 per Roll (minimum 2) This wallpaper is priced per single roll but is packaged as long double rolls. Please order in multiples of two rolls (2, 4, 6, etc.). This means that if you order 2 single rolls, you will receive 1 long double roll, since it is packaged as two single rolls per double roll. If you order 4, you will receive 2 double rolls, if you order 8 you will receive 4 double rolls, etc. PRODUCT DETAILS SKU SC-CLWP88332-006 Product Type Wallcovering Manufacturer Scalamandre Fabric BrandColonyItem NumberCLWP88332-006Pattern NameMelograno UnitoColorBeigeWidth26.75 inchesUnit Of MeasureRollLength11 inchesMade to OrderYes 6Black Drapery Fabrics by Miles Redd279Grey Linen Upholstery and Drapery Fabrics by Stout14Cord by Jonathan Adler10Purple Solid Drapery Fabrics by Kravet15Grey Stripes Upholstery Fabrics by Groundworks350Grey Textured Drapery Fabrics by Fabricut43White Paisley Multipurpose Upholstery and Drapery Fabrics by Duralee73Grey Geometric Multipurpose Upholstery and Drapery Fabrics by Fabricut Limit 20 swatches per order. US addresses only. Our fabric swatch is a memo sample ranging from 4 " x 6" to 12" x 18" in size. The sizes are cut randomly. We are unable to order specific sizes. If you need a large sample, we recommend ordering one whole yard. Samples are not guaranteed for dye lot. If you need to match a specific dye lot, please request a cut for approval with your fabric order. All swatches are shipped by first class mail. Please allow 7-10 days for transit time. Swatches normally ship within 48-72 hours upon receipt of your order. Occasionally, we might have back-orders, in which case we will advise you of the estimated ship time. If you no longer need the sample, a return envelope is provided for your convenience. This eliminates waste and saves the environment. You are not obligated to return the sample.


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Engraved Disc Ring - Rose Gold
Product Description
Signets arent for everyone and so we've designed a much more subtle way to personalize your rings! The disc ring measures about 7mm and is accented by 2 sparkling cubic zirconia.
Ring is suitable for 1-5 characters. It can only fit two letters if handwritten, script or old english are selected in uppercase.
If you'd like anymore letters, please contact us so we can confirm if your requested text will fit. The more letters, the smaller the font. If you select the handwritten, old english or script fonts, please be advised that maximizing characters may not be legible, especially if letters are uppercase. If this is the case, we will contact you prior to engraving if we feel it will not fit well.
Engraved pieces are final sale.
Please read the following and note there may be delays in shipment due to Los Angeles "Stay-At-Home" Ordinance
I can ship items I have with me at home as long as USPS still operates. In the case you would like to order a size that isn't available, you can pre-order (the add-to-cart button will let you know) and it will ship within 10-14 days.
During this time, I will not be offering priority and expedited shipping.
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Gold plated jewelry is great for those who are looking to get the trendy gold look on a budget. Gold plated items are created by using an electric/chemical process to attach gold particles to the base metal and create a thin layer of color. Due to it's nature, gold plated items are much more affordable but require more care to increase it's longevity.
"Gold filled" is not actually filled with gold. Gold filled jewelry is created by bonding a thick layer of actual gold to another metal, usually brass, through extreme pressure. The gold content is legally required in the US to be at least 5% of the total weight. As the gold layer is thick, gold-filled jewelry won't tarnish or fade as quickly as gold plated items. In fact, they can be cleaned and if taken care of well, they can last well over a year!
Gold Filled is has the highest content of gold aside from solid gold. To our dismay, not everything can be made gold filled and so we gold plate instead!
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XNA Creators Club today. In conjunction with the unveiling of Windows Phone 7, it appears that Microsoft has quietly changed the Creators Club to the much more generalized "App Hub." The site purports to offer resources for developers to create applications for both Windows Phone 7 and Xbox 360, though the site currently seems to favor the former.
In fact, the Education Roadmap section -- which introduces would-be programmers to XNA Game Studio -- only offers tutorials for Windows Phone 7. Of course, it's understandable that Microsoft would want to recruit as many programmers as possible for its new baby. There are still examples and code snippets for Windows and Xbox 360 programming, but hopefully we'll see some more robust introductory tutorials in the future.
[Thanks, Niko]


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In an interview over at LinMagAu, George Staikos talks with John Knight about the state of video and audio drivers for Linux, particularly the question of open vs closed drivers and when more hardware manufacturers will come around to supporting OSS development. "In KDE we try to make the software completely driver and hardware independent, so adding driver features would work against that goal. We do add special features for hardware from time to time though. KDE 3.2 will include support for special hardware keys such as brightness/volume/etc. on certain laptop models, for instance."
I'm very happy to have the NVidia "tainted" drivers in my system. They're very easy to install and work just excellent and NVidia updates them frequently. I can play most games in WineX just as good as Windows. Good luck with the "open" ATI drivers.
If you don't like NVidia's (or any other company) closed source policy, develop your own open source drivers.
The problem is that if we let lock-in software trickle into essential parts of the operating system we will end up with something like Windows. The main reason I am using Linux is however that is free in the sense of free speech. Operating system are at the heart of information processing and should not be controlled by companies but by user and developper communities.
And if you use closed drivers, get support elsewhere.
NVidia lost a sale for it's mb chipsets recently due to their insistence on not making available their hardware specs. Plus the fact that I would have had to purchase a video card on top of the motherboard.
No, I'm not going to load a proprietary module for the video, and ethernet hardware components. Forget it.
NVidia lost my money too. Unfortunately Matrox does not do graphic cards for laptops so I choosed a laptop with a ATI card instead of one a little chiper with a NVidia card. And it seems that lately ATI is supporting the people that do the OSS drivers for their card. BTW, the cad works fine with 3d accel under linux.
Let me get this straight: You refused to buy NVIDIA-card, but instead bought a card from company that cares even less than NVIDIA about Linux? At least NV provides good drivers for Linux (although closed source), whereas Ati provides jack shit. Yes, they "support" the OS-drivers, but I don't think they support them any more than NV suppoert the guys making the nv-drivers (OS NVIDIA-drivers). it's more like Ati expects OS-guys to do the work of writing drivers for them, whereas NVIDIA provides users with drivers that they themselves made.
When it comes to Linux-support, I rank NVIDIA ALOT higher than Ati!
I disagree. I do not expect from the manufacturer to provide drivers for my operating system; for whatever reason, I might want to switch to hurd or netbsd tomorrow. But I _do_ expect them to release the specs for their hardware, so that anyone capable can step up and write a driver. Unless they change their policy, I will never buy an nvidia card in the future.
Sorry, but you're quite wrong. ATI regularly submits patches to the Xfree86 project, however due to the lunbering hiarchial development of Xfree86, it takes FOREVER for these patches to get applied and tested. That's one of the reasons why what's-his-face is developing his own fork called Xouvert.
Hi there, I'm the interviewer in question.
Whether or not NVidia's drivers are more stable or ATI's are (my NVidia drivers aren't especially stable), the area we're looking at it closed source drivers and open source drivers and their effect on OS workings in general. Most of you (hopefully) would have read about the beginnings of the GNU project when Richard Stallman had problems with his printer drivers and he asked for the source, but didn't receive it.
This is where everything has pretty much grown from and to forget that and simply look at it in terms of current driver releases and company standings is rather shortsighted. Every few years a major change happens in the computer industry, look at 3DFX for example, going 3DFX was seen as "the way to go" for quite a while but that changed, didn't it (please don't get into OT arguments about 3DFX, it's just an example)?
What I'm really trying to say is look at the big picture and try to remember what OSS is about and what has happened in the Windows world in terms of drivers and software with its closed source world.
If you use your computer just to play games with winex, is probably better to remain with your propietary nvidia drivers. If you don't care about free software aswell, then you would be better with windows. I have a computer with NVIDIA graphics card and use the propietary drivers, but I'm not so "happy", neither the drivers are sooo good as you're telling. I wish NVIDIA could release their drivers, and we are asking them for it. In long term, it would be better for them.
Oh I do a lot more than just WineX. After all, I could just play the games easily in Windows if I wanted to. The point is that I do _care_ about free software, but not to the point where any propietary "stuff" become automatically evil.
So far, the propietary solution offered by NVidia works for me. If there is an open source driver that matches NVidia's driver performance then I'd certainly use it.
Not a good comment up there ...
It would be possible to develop an open source driver at least as good as nvidia's proprietary ones, only if they could release the specs. The nv driver is indeed good for 2D, but doesn't work with 3D ...
Stick with your "tainted kernel" if you like, but don't brag about it, since it's not "free" (as in free speech of course). That is also the reason why I encode in ogg/vorbis format instead of mp3 (The quality of ogg is better also ...). See the open format is actually better ? If nvidia would open there specs, you could probably win some fps as well, so encourage it :o)
Obviously they write closed-source drivers because they do not want to release their specs. So if they release their specs, you would have open source drivers that are at least as good as the proprietary ones :)
I (and other people I have spoken to) have found that nVidia's drivers can decrease system reliability and cause many other seemingly-random problems. Since they care closed-source, only nVidia can fix them, and they don't seem to be doing that. My guess is that the resouces nVidia are dedicating to Linux driver development is very small (which is understandable when given the small user base), so they have no hope of testing and debugging them across a wide range of configurations.
"If you don't like NVidia's (or any other company) closed source policy, develop your own open source drivers."
What do you think the nv driver is? nVidia is deliberately being uncooperative with nv developers, so it is difficult for them to develop even a good 2D driver. I realise that nVidia need to protect their (and their licensers') IP, but it would be nice if they at least helped the nv developers to create a good 2D-only driver.
Binary-only drivers also make software support more difficult. I know that the MPlayer developers would like to improve nVidia support, but they are unable to do so because of this.
I tried nVidia closed drivers and it was wonderful in speed inprovement terms but my system become a bit crazy: some unusual time to time system hangs, harddisk spinning without stop... Of course, I got rid of them.
Without doubt, I prefer open drivers, so when I needed a new MoBo I went for a VIA based one (even if I use Windows, even if nForce2 is a bit faster than KT400).
That nVidia can't open source their drivers is natural and justified, I beleive but I don't think they are as innocent when they are not releasing the specks. Consider the scenario where open source driver matches the performance on most games except those frequently benchmarked, or worse still, on every game but benchmarks.
Well.. this is a very semplicistic comment about topic. Nvidia can develop the same driver with the same identical features using free software model and community support. Free software is "live" software! Remember this.
I was very happy with the closed source drivers of Lexmark. They offered very good printing capabilities, much better then I experienced with OSS drivers.
But when I wanted to use CUPS as printing subsystem, i could not, since the lexmark drivers are only available for LPRNG, and they won't create newer drivers for my printer. So I could not take advantage of all the features offered by kprinter.
Now I got a HP-printer, which uses an OSS-driver created by the community with support of HP. This printer prints in Linux as good as the Lexmark printer, but since it is OSS, I can use this one with whatever printing subsystem my Linux-distro offers.
I can imagine the same with NVidia drivers, if NVidia stops updating their drivers, You will get stuck with an older version of Xfree, wich will become obsolete and/or incompatible over the years.
If nVidia stops updating their drivers, you'll take the nv drivers.
Yep, but like the lexmark drivers, the OSS versions are not as good as the closed source versions.
You can use OSS drivers for the lexmark, but they don't even print half as good as the propietary drivers of Lexmark. With HP no problem, the OSS-drivers are (allmost) as good as the proietary (Windows) drivers.
AFAIK the nv-drivers aren't even near as good in supporting the NVidia cards as Nvidia's own losed source drivers.
So moving to the nv-driver is a major step down.
But what ist the solution if nVidia doesn't release the specifications/sources?
Buying ATI? Never again!
Hmmm... preview button...
The nv (OSS) drivers do not support 3D, no TV output, no DVI output, no multihead, no DVD acceleration... you could as well use generic VGA drivers :)
That's not true (for TV output at least). I use the "nv" driver (because as has been said elsewhere the binary only driver is incredibly unstable) and have no trouble switching tv output on thanks to a superb utility called nvtv (which is in debian stable). What is more, it's better than nvidia's own tv mode as it allows you to set overscan so that you don't get huge black borders when watching dvds etc.
The NVIDIA driver uses the "TVOverScan" option for overscan.
Nice try, but unfortunately NVidia's drivers have been broken for a long time. 1.0.4496 is the first release that I can successfully use TwinView and Multi-Head configuration both without crashing while attempting to switch VC's. In an Open driver, very likely someone would have fixed this a long time ago and NVidia would have saved a lot of face (instead of their forums looking like a coordinated chorus of "my machine hangs".
Your quaint "write your own" response shows how little you know about the industry. "Writing one's own" requires that the interfaces to the hardware be revealed, which seems to be part of the trouble with opening up the driver code in the first place.
If the vendor opens the code, we can help. If not, it's not worth screwing a monkey trying to take advantage of enhancements they won't allow us information on.
The requirement of NVidia drivers is a myth, at least for the games that I play. Any game that uses strictly 2D graphics (ie DirectDraw, but not Direct3D) only needs the presence of the xv extension. The nv driver implements xv and I'm able to play Hearts of Iron at nearly 100% speed!
In terms of NVidia's drivers, they screwed up the font rendering on my system. How's that related? I dunno, but switching to nv made all my fonts look good again.
There are still 2D games? Who would want to play a 2d game (beside card and board games, and even they have a 3d field today..)?
I would, if it still has the gameplay of the older games. 3D games today suck (only a few exceptions); they focus ONLY on being as 3D as possible and not on being fun to play.
Please give me some more Metal Slug or Day of the Tentacle!
Some companies are trying to revive old games by giving them a 3D look, but they fail *everytime*. Look at lucasarts, they've just canned their 3D version of Full Throttled. Suckers :D
I bet a new high res (800x600, or even higher) 2D version of Full Throttle would sell really well, if it still has the same level of fun as the first one.
Sure, everything was better in the old days.
That's only because you remember maybe 200 2D games and forgot the 5000 bad ones...
In the old days, there were only 200 games! Seriously. Those "5000 bad games" were the result of the commercial explosion of the gaming industry, as they tried to find the right formula for developing "modern, cool games". Most "modern, cool games" are *quite* formulaic. Besides, there are some games which are best left 2d. Take Go for example. Go already has infinite possibilities. Why add another dimension of infinite possibilities? It would only strip the beautiful simplicity of the game. On the other hand, a random player who doesn't understand the game, would no doubt be dazzled by a holographic, perfectly rendered, explosions-when-a-piece-is-captured, "modernized" version. Would it add a nanogram to the gameplay? Only for those which ADHD. Their is an old saying, that says the wisest of men are those who learn to be content with what they have. That is to say, they learn to appreciate the beauty of simplicity, rather then perpetually seeking novel stimulation.
I dunno, maybe something like SimCity 4 or Commandos. There are still games that fake it and look 3D, but the engine has a 2D core. And what makes a game good is at least 49% design, 49% execution and 2% graphics. It's a shame more people don't realize this and just go for the eye candy.
You can't compare that, would you want to watch Pulp Fiction (or any other movie) if it were a cartoon?
Yes. It's called anime. Your cultural bias is overwhelming.
We would develop our own if there was documentation to work from. Also, there are a lot more operating systems out there than just Windows & Linux.
I think nvidia's argument that they are protecting their IP is bogus. First, if their competitors are always copying models of their hardware that they have already put on the market their competition is going to constantly find themselves behind. Second, providing documentation on the register set and even a rudimentry programming interface doesn't give that much away about the design of the hardware. Sure it indicates some elements of the architecture but it's hardly handing over the blueprints.
I regret to say until this policy is changed I will not purchase nvidia video adapters; additonally I recommend to anyone who I discuss the topic with that they don't purchase them either. It's just not acceptable.
It looks like it's been about two years since the original post on all of this, and to be honest I believe the Linux community convinced NVidia to put more effort into their drivers. It was no more than a year ago when the whole 2.6 / 2.4 kernels became an issue for NVidia, then from what I can tell they finally hired some developers that actually knew Linux.
I've been running my GeForce 6800 GT on Gentoo Linux with the latest drivers from NVidia for the past year straight without ANY problems. I play HL2 (Through Cedega), Doom III, WoW (Through cvs-wine), UT2K4, and several others. I also have every single possible acceleration for the card enabled:
$ cat /proc/driver/nvidia/agp/status
Status: Enabled
Driver: AGPGART
AGP Rate: 8x
Fast Writes: Enabled
SBA: Enabled
$ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf | grep Accel
Option "RenderAccel" "true"
I also have the "composite" and "AllowGLXWithComposite" extensions enabled for xorg. All without any problems ever for the past year.
If there was any card out there that I would recommend it would be an NVidia, they do amazing work that is unbeatable. I'm a software developer and have written a number of 3D demos, and 3D engines, this board does not fail me under Linux or Windows-- In fact I generally get better FPS under Linux (+4 fps depending).
That's just my experience though, maybe I lucked out with my hardware combination choice or something.
Fair enough. NVidia cards have been my cards of choice for a couple of years as well.
The problem with closed source drivers still remains - there are no guarantees as to how long they will continue to support the drivers. This has bitten me in a big way today when my Geforce 5200 failed.
I've ordered a replacement card which should arrive this week (hopefully) but in the mean time I went back to my previous card - a GeForce 2 GTS Pro. As I already had the NVidia drivers installed and working it should have been a simple case of swapping the cards out.
No joy. Xorg wouldn't have it.
Never mind, re-install the driver. This is when you discover something a bit worrying - you get an error message that the card is not supported by the latest drivers - and a pointer to the NVidia site to download an older version.
In fact - you've got to roll back to version 6629 to have support for this card.
All of these cards are no longer supported: TNT2, TNT2 Pro, TNT2 Ultra, TNT2 Model 64 (M64), TNT2 Model 64 (M64) Pro, Vanta, Vanta LT, GeForce 256, GeForce DDR, GeForce2 GTS, GeForce2 Pro, GeForce2 Ti, GeForce2 Ultra, GeForce2 MX Integrated graphics, Quadro, Quadro2 Pro, Quadro2 EX.
This wouldn't be a problem - apart from the fact that the unsupported driver which does support these cards doesn't work on the newer versions of the 2.6 kernel.
This leaves you with the joyous task of searching for a third party patches for the driver which may (or may not) work. The ones I've tried so far don't work.
Which leave me stuck with the NV driver and no 3d support. At least till my new card arrives.
The introduction quotes all KDE parts of this interview, the other parts are not KDE-related. Not really newsworthy here.
I agree.


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Just read this article, which describes a splashy, interesting narrative which jives nicely with my worldview. Which makes me suspicious.
The One Laptop Per Child project started as a way of delivering technology and resources to schools in countries with little or no education infrastructure, using inexpensive computers to improve traditional curricula. What the OLPC Project has realized over the last five or six years, though, is that teaching kids stuff is really not that valuable. Yes, knowing all your state capitols how to spell "neighborhood" properly and whatnot isn't a bad thing, but memorizing facts and procedures isn't going to inspire kids to go out and learn by teaching themselves, which is the key to a good education. Instead, OLPC is trying to figure out a way to teach kids to learn, which is what this experiment is all about.
Rather than give out laptops (they're actually Motorola Zoom tablets plus solar chargers running custom software) to kids in schools with teachers, the OLPC Project decided to try something completely different: it delivered some boxes of tablets to two villages in Ethiopia, taped shut, with no instructions whatsoever. Just like, "hey kids, here's this box, you can open it if you want, see ya!"
Just to give you a sense of what these villages in Ethiopia are like, the kids (and most of the adults) there have never seen a word. No books, no newspapers, no street signs, no labels on packaged foods or goods. Nothing. And these villages aren't unique in that respect; there are many of them in Africa where the literacy rate is close to zero. So you might think that if you're going to give out fancy tablet computers, it would be helpful to have someone along to show these people how to use them, right?
But that's not what OLPC did. They just left the boxes there, sealed up, containing one tablet for every kid in each of the villages (nearly a thousand tablets in total), pre-loaded with a custom English-language operating system and SD cards with tracking software on them to record how the tablets were used. Here's how it went down, as related by OLPC founder Nicholas Negroponte at MIT Technology Review's EmTech conference last week:
"We left the boxes in the village. Closed. Taped shut. No instruction, no human being. I thought, the kids will play with the boxes! Within four minutes, one kid not only opened the box, but found the on/off switch. He'd never seen an on/off switch. He powered it up. Within five days, they were using 47 apps per child per day. Within two weeks, they were singing ABC songs [in English] in the village. And within five months, they had hacked Android. Some idiot in our organization or in the Media Lab had disabled the camera! And they figured out it had a camera, and they hacked Android.
So this sounds really inspiring and stuff, even subtracting some obviously sensational stuff (I assume "hacked Android" means "opened up the preferences dialog and flicked a switch"). I've poked around a bit and found similarly fluffy pop-philanthropy articles. Anyone know if there's more reliable information about this out there?


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Brick gloved thirdbaseman, All-Star slugger, still being paid by the Mets. I present Bobby Bonilla.
Semi-unique occurrence of a player being reacquired after being lost in the rule 5 draft. Nothing wrong with trading a useful DeLeon for him except that they already had him to start with. I have another player with a similar history that I may use next week.
I spent Father's Day with my Dad and he gave me a great suggestion for a trade to chart. I use 'great' in the sense of 'being very large.' This thing has filled two pages already and still has several branches I haven't explored. I'll post it whenever I can get it all fleshed out and stitched back together. But man, is it a doozy.
Filed under: baseball, Pirates, Trade Tree | Tagged: baseball, Bobby Bonilla, Danny Clyburn, DJ Boston, Jacob Brumfield, Jose DeLeon, Pirates, Trade Tree, Vashon Walker | 1 Comment »


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A far-right militant who killed 77 people in Norway last year will use his trial to challenge a diagnosis that he is criminally insane, something that would be "worse than death", excerpts of a letter he wrote showed on Wednesday.
The trial of Anders Behring Breivik, who gunned down 69 at a Labour Party youth camp after detonating a car bomb in central Oslo that killed eight, starts in Oslo on April 16.
In November two court-appointed psychiatrists deemed the 33-year-old was psychotic and paranoid schizophrenic at the time of the attacks, which would normally mean he could not be sentenced to prison.
In a 38-page letter he wrote in jail and sent to various Norwegian media — of which extracts were published in the daily VG on Wednesday — Breivik said that being deemed criminally insane was unbearable to him.
"I must admit this is the worst thing that could have happened to me as it is the ultimate humiliation," he wrote.
"To send a political activist to a mental hospital is more sadistic and evil than to kill him! It is a fate worse than death."
Worst outbreak of violence
Breivik has said he committed the attacks on July 22 last year to protect Norway from multiculturalism. They were the worst outbreak of violence there since the end of World War II.
"I knew of course what was right and what was wrong but I acted instinctively," Breivik wrote in the letter.
He criticised the two psychiatrists, Torgeir Husby and Synne Soerheim, as unable to be objective.
"Husby said on several occasions that what I had done was bestial and I got the impression from him that he saw me as a wild animal that had to be locked in and drugged at whatever cost."
"Has an event that has traumatised a nation also traumatised Husby and Soerheim to such an extent that they must be regarded as having a conflict of interest? Can two court-appointed psychiatrists that are so emotionally affected by July 22 mean that they are not able to be objective?"
Public outcry
After a public outcry following the publication of the first psychiatric report, the judges in the case have asked for another evaluation of Breivik's mental health by different experts. That is due to be published on Tuesday.
Breivik will stand trial, in a case expected to last ten weeks, regardless of the psychiatrists' assessments.
If his judges rule at the end of the trial that he is psychotic he is likely to be to placed in a high-security psychiatric unit. If not, he would face up to 21 years in prison but could be held longer if deemed too dangerous to be released.
Breivik's lawyer has said he would call defence witnesses to show his client was not criminally insane but held views shared by others.
Among those witnesses are Mullah Krekar, the Kurdish founder of Islamist group Ansar al-Islam, who was recently jailed in Norway for making death threats, and "Fjordman", a Norwegian right-wing blogger whom Oslo police say was a major intellectual influence on Breivik's.
Fjordman, whose real name is Peder Jensen, has denied having any links with Breivik. — Reuters
For more news and multimedia on the Norway shooting click here:


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DENVER (AP) – President Barack Obama urged Colorado Democrats to throw their support and their money behind the state's Sen. Mark Udall, who is locked in a tight re-election bid. But the senator himself was nowhere to be seen, having decided at the last minute to stay in Washington rather than appear alongside the president.
Udall's campaign said the senator needed to stay in Washington to cast his vote for Obama's nominee to lead the Department of Housing and Urban Development, who was overwhelmingly confirmed. But Udall's absence raised fresh questions about whether Obama is more of a hindrance or a help to vulnerable Democrats seeking re-election this fall.
Obama made no mention of Udall's unexpected absence, but cast the senator's re-election as crucial to helping him move forward on his agenda during the remaining years of his presidency.
"Mark Udall is a serious person who is trying to do the right thing," he told donors packed into a Denver hotel ballroom. "He's not an ideologue. Doesn't agree with me on everything. But he believes in the core idea that should be what Democrats are all about: the idea that if you work hard, you should be able to make it."
Republicans chortled at the news that Udall missed the fundraiser for his own campaign. Alex Siciliano, a spokesman for Rep. Cory Gardner, R-Colo., who is opposing Udall, said that now that the senator "has been called out on being a rubber stamp for President Obama's agenda he has decided to hide in Washington, D.C., instead of face voters back in his home state. Senator Udall's bizarre behavior these last few days will no doubt leave many Coloradans questioning his integrity, and rightly so."
Udall is one of several Democratic senators at risk of losing their seat this fall, putting Senate control within GOP reach for the first time during Obama's presidency. Losing control of the Senate would be devastating to Obama's chances of passing any major legislation in his final two years in office, though his prospects may be little better if Democrats hang on to the Senate and Republicans maintain their majority in the House.
While Obama has called keeping the Senate one of his top priorities, he is limited in how much direct involvement he can have in helping the most at-risk members of his party. Like Udall, most are from swing states or conservative-leaning states like Louisiana, Arkansas and North Carolina, where close ties with the president may be more of a hindrance than a help.
Tickets to Wednesday's fundraiser ranged from $1,000 to $30,000, with the money split between Udall's campaign and the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. While Obama has attended numerous events for the DSCC, Wednesday's luncheon marks the first time he has appeared directly on behalf of an endangered Democrat.
Before Wednesday's schedule shake-up, Udall consultant Mike Stratton had said the campaign saw no reason to avoid a fundraiser with Obama.
"If the president is in town, and the president wants to be helpful, why would anyone want to pass that up?" he said. "I don't think one visit by the president is going to change anything in terms of the dynamics of the campaign."
Ahead of the Udall fundraiser, Obama touted his administration's efforts to boost jobs and economic growth during a speech in a Denver park. He said that while he understands that Washington looks "screwed up" to many Americans, there have been positive steps toward strengthening the economy.
"Despite what you may hear, there is no doubt that we are making progress," he said. "By almost every measure, we are better off than when I took office."
Still, he chided Republicans in Congress for blocking his agenda, accusing them of voting down "every serious idea to help the middle class." Taking on a sarcastic tone, he said the best thing that can be said about the GOP this year is that "they haven't threatened to shut down the government."
The gridlock in Washington has contributed to Obama's national approval rating slipping into the low 40s. But he remains a prolific fundraiser for Democrats.
With the Colorado Senate race expected to be one of the most expensive in the country, Udall wants to maintain a financial edge over his challenger. Gardner, who only announced his Senate bid in late February, had raised $3.7 million as of June 24, well short of Udall's $12 million haul.
Even with a fundraising boost, Udall's appearance appeared likely to create some awkwardness. Udall has tried to define himself as an independent-minded politician, touting his criticism of the Obama administration's surveillance programs. In a television interview in January, Udall declined to say whether he wanted Obama to campaign for him.
Meanwhile, Republicans in Colorado have made tying Udall to Obama a core part of their strategy. And a glimpse at the president's poll numbers in the state makes clear why. A recent Quinnipiac University Poll put Obama's approval rating in Colorado at a measly 38 percent.
Obama advisers expect the president to do more campaigning for individual candidates as the election nears. But the White House's broader strategy for the midterms has been to do no harm to vulnerable Democrats, even if that means Obama keeps his distance.
So far, that appears to be the preferred approach for most Democrats in tough races, including Alaska Sen. Mark Begich and North Carolina Sen. Kay Hagan.
By JULIE PACE and NICHOLAS RICCARDI, Associated Press … Associated Press writer Charles Babington in Washington contributed to this report.
(© Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)


text: Attrition with positive reinforcement and a regimented training program produce a happy productive relationship between you and your dog, this makes time spent together enjoyable for both of you. Being an avid waterfowl hunter I realize the enjoyment of a trained retriever. Drive, desire and intelligence with a solid foundation will give you the very best hunting dog possible. All Retrievers are worked in water, through decoys, from blinds, platforms, on boats, and in a wide variety of field situations with various terrain changes, using different game birds. Essential for producing a retriever for hunting and/or hunt test competition, our ponds are built for training with long water entries, points and islands.


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I like Nassim and his understanding of risk, but I do not like his method of trying to hedge everything, you will only make the brokers rich in the long run with that approach.
On the other hand, Hugh Hendry understands the fundamentals correctly – "It's the DEBT, Stupid!"
He is correct in pointing out the amount of leverage is at multi-century highs and that DEBT is the anchor that is now holding back the world. Going to have to get Hugh onto Freedom's Vision… (ht Michiganjedi)
Friday: Personal Income and Outlays
4 hours ago


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Bloomberg authors By Steve Matthews and Tom Keene report Greenspan Says U.S. Stocks 'Very Cheap,' Likely to Rise
Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan said U.S. stocks offer good value and are likely to rise as corporate earnings increase over time.
"Stocks are very cheap," Greenspan said today at the Bloomberg Washington Summit hosted by Bloomberg Link, citing "a very low price-earnings ratio."
"There is no place for earnings to grow except into stock prices," said Greenspan, who served as Fed chairman from August 1987 to January 2006.
Another valuation metric, known as the Fed model because it was derived from a July 1997 report from the central bank, shows U.S. equities are close to the cheapest level ever relative to debt. The technique compares the earnings yield for stocks with Treasury rates.
Fed Model Idiocy
The Fed Model has been discredited so many times and in so many places, that Matthews and Keene should both know better than bring it up. For a discussion, please see Why Is Bad Advice So Common?
The general idea that stocks are "cheap" offers more further ground for intelligent debate, but I strongly disagree and said so recently in Misty Water-Colored Memories, Dirt-Cheap Stocks, and Patient Opportunism
Finally, history shows Greenspan to be one of the biggest contrarian indicators in history.
Greenspan is a Contrary Indicator
After warning about irrational exuberance in 1996, Greenspan embraced the "productivity miracle" and "dotcom revolution" in 1999. Mid-summer of 2000 Greenspan fell in love with his own analysis and was worried about inflation risks. Shortly thereafter the Greenspan Fed embarked on an incredible campaign slashing interest rates to 1% in panic over deflation.
Greenspan is now trumping up the idea that credit conditions are like 1998. I talked about this in No Greenspan, Conditions are NOT Like 1998.
On May 21,2006 Greenspan said housing prices won't fall nationally. That prompted me to write Greenspan Predicts Housing Bust.
History shows Greenspan was worried about Y2K problems (slashing interest rates and adding fuel to the dotcom bubble). Y2K went off without even minor glitches.
In 2001 Greenspan pleaded with Congress to adopt Bush's $1.35 trillion tax cut. Greenspan's rationale was the government would run huge $5.6 trillion surpluses over the subsequent decade after the cuts. It's right here in the Testimony of Chairman Alan Greenspan Before the Committee on the Budget, U.S. Senate January 25, 2001.
In 2007 Greenspan was worried about inflation. How did that work out?
Greenspan on the Daily Show
Towards the end of that Interview with Jon Stewart Greenspan admits he and the Fed did not know what they were doing and blamed it on "human nature".
Indeed! And that is why the Fed is always chasing its tail, and why Greenspan is wrong again today.
Mike "Mish" Shedlock
Click Here To Scroll Thru My Recent Post List


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Buy Elsword (TH) ED
- Elsword is a free-to-play, 2D side-scrolling MMORPG developed by the South Korean company KOG Studios.
- Elsword was originally a reboot of Grand Chase, another MMORPG created by KOG Studios. Elsword and Grand Chase shared many similarities, such as Elsword, Aisha and Rena formerly named Elesis, Arme and Lire, respectively, who were few of the main characters of Grand Chase.


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Re: Google plusParaday_Comm Aug 3, 2011 5:59 PM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
Good Post Concept PaulR!!! Thanks for getting the wheels turning - here goes my reply...
I recently discovered some interesting facts such as Google actually buys data from Facebook and Twitter. A powerful indication of how desperate they must be to develop out the power of their own social share button and indirectly their own related data. Google has a lot riding on + 1.
I joined the + 1 "experiment" when it was still only several weeks old and Google had it in their proverbial sandbox at the time. Right now, it's only available for search users after they're logged into their Google account.
I personally feel that Google's Plus 1 is better for end users than FB Like Button. The Plus 1 appends your search results with a +1 button. The premise is that if you don't abuse the tool, it will derive better search results for the user over time. It will eventually integrate your friends' +1. For me, this is a huge distinction from Facebook's Like button. Google's +1 actually helps the user improve their search results. Whereas the FB Like button only notifies your friends that you like something. There's no actual benefit for the "Liker" beyond notifying your friends that you appreciate a piece of content, on FB.
Maybe I'm a bit selfish but I like that I'm getting something in return via the +1 button. Not to mention that I know Google is watching carefully for those that may want to try to 'play' the system, and well I would very heavily caution against doing so. Google knows when someone is tricking them, and they are also known for punishing those that do.
Overall, I appreciate that Google has thrown out something that is more worth while that what FB offers, includes your associates and friends, and at the end of the day, allows great content to be rewarded via better positioning.
Re: Google plusjoshuawilson Aug 22, 2011 3:52 AM (in response to Paraday_Comm)
Google will eventually integrate its +1 into the search algorithm itself so human votes will have an impact on search ranking. Your +1's can help friends, contacts, and others on the web find the best stuff when they search.
Re: Google plusCorpCons08 Jan 26, 2012 9:01 AM (in response to joshuawilson)
It actually would be very disappointing if this were to happen. SEO would become much more difficult as results would now be a popularity contest. He with the most friends gets the first spot in search results. I actually am already disappointed that many of my posts on this website or on facebook show up ahead of anything else.
Re: Google plusYdeveloper Aug 4, 2011 6:05 AM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
We can think on both ways, like it has some positive aspect also and some negatives too. As you said, there are the chances that the competitors can misuse this by creating numbers of fake profile and degrading your site.
I just recommend that there will be no impact of Google+ to search engine ranking. It's only used for social networks.
Re: Google plusseoservicepro Aug 11, 2011 10:23 AM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
One thing we know for sure. It will make google money. Yes, the pluses will be manipulated and then google will discount the value of the pluses to search results if any is given in the first place. Google plus will attract a lot of people who already use facebook, but never all of them, so it isn't a facebook killer by any means, but for once google may have stumbled on a winner after past failures like wave and buzz. Third time is a charm I guess.
Re: Google plusModerator_PaulR Aug 11, 2011 1:22 PM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
Another question I can add in. I've been playing with Google plus for a little bit now and I've noticed it doesn't have nearly as advanced privacy settings as Facebook does. Do you think this will stop people from using it if they can't hide all of their profile from everyone but their friends?
Re: Google plusseoservicepro Aug 11, 2011 1:54 PM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
I think it's set up that way to allow you to build a big network faster than at facebook. Google plus will be more friendly to marketers who handle the social networking for clients as we do. So facebook is more geared to personal networks while google plus will be more friendly to business networks IMHO. There will be more marketing going on at google plus I believe.
For instance, facebook is commercially viable for some of my clients like one that gives bahamas tours, another that runs a day spa in Austin, etc. But for my seo business, facebook is pretty much a waste as far as marketing my company is concerned. I also don't use facebook on a large scale for my B2B clients.
Google plus will be better for my company and other B2B businesses is my bet.
Re: Google plusphanio Aug 11, 2011 3:46 PM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
It is actually just another tool or media that you have to manage. It is out there and could work to your benefit or against you. You have to be there if your customers are there looking for information and if it affect results, then you definitely have to be there.
I suggest you join and at least make sure that it is not working against you.
Re: Google plusseoservicepro Aug 11, 2011 6:21 PM (in response to phanio)
Already there. Add Curved Marketing, Inc. to your circles.
Re: Google plusModerator Jim Nov 11, 2011 9:46 AM (in response to phanio)
I just hope they get more members. Right now, my circles are empty because no one is making the jump from facebook.
Re: Google plusCorpCons08 Jan 26, 2012 9:03 AM (in response to Moderator Jim)
You can be my friend, my circles are pretty empty too lol. Many of my friends/clients have refused to leave Facebook, and others are just starting to play around with Google+. I will admit, I too haven't spent as much time on it as I should. I saw this thread and started thinking about it again.
Re: Google plusModerator Jim Jan 27, 2012 9:39 AM (in response to CorpCons08)
LOL I just checked my account there. Only one update since I last posted and it was one of my bosses posting pictures. So much for it being the next big thing.
Re: Google plusGeorge Nov 10, 2011 12:31 AM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
Anyone tried out Google+ business pages? I've heard the buzz about this, but haven't actually created one myself. I know I'm not the only one wondering what SEO value the may carry. Google+ is Google's way of integrating social signals more into it's algorithm - they've seen the power of Facebook's "Like" button. I think it's smartest to build your equity and following with Google+, as it will play an increasing role in SEO.
Re: Google plusStrilets Jan 17, 2012 9:51 AM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
if you are going to promote your website in google, then you definetely should think about google+
sometimes new social networks annoying me.... but we actually have to use G+, I suppose it should influence on website rankings....
Re: Google plussummerefic Jan 18, 2012 8:24 PM (in response to Strilets)
I agree.. And we have to admit, Google is one of the top search engines there is..
Re: Google plusmyDealCompass Jan 17, 2012 12:56 PM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
I have not wrapped my head around Google+ completely yet, but I know that it is going to be an exciting and important development. The power for our social networks to impact our search results is huge. For instance, if you searched for "deals website" you might see myDealCompass on the first page if you were in our circle or in the circle of someone else that had +1ed our page. We are still trying to learn all we can, but it is definitely a challange to manage Facebook, Twitter and Google+ let alone running a website and blog...
It is definitely an exciting time and we are always looking for input from others on how best to leverage these new trends!
Re: Google plusModerator Jim Jan 17, 2012 1:21 PM (in response to myDealCompass)
To me, inclusion of Google+ results into Google's search tool at the expense of other results (and more accurate results tied to your searches) is a sign of desperation. Google+ just isn't catching on the way that it "should" have if you believed the initial hype and there's not a whole lot there to offer anyone as of yet. If I get burnt by a link to a google+ page on "I love bananas" for example, rather than the information on bananas that I was looking for, as a consumer, I start to back away from Google and turn my search results to Bing. On the one hand, it's great that Google+ users get the advantage of a higher place in the search results, on the other, consumers like me get fed up by non-related search results when doing specific searches.
Re: Google plusCorpCons08 Jan 26, 2012 9:05 AM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
With all the responses about Google+ being an integral part of Google's search engine algorithm, I'm sure we will see Microsoft's social networking overlay for Facebook become it's own social networking website soon in order to compete and utilize their Bing search engine. It's sad that we are going to have to have about 30 different pages in order to keep up in the rankings on search engines, but I guess it is the inevitable future.
Re: Google plusHopkism Jan 30, 2012 9:53 AM (in response to Moderator_PaulR)
I like the idea for Google+ and am considering it over Facebook. Any ideas on the privacy issues?
Re: Google plusModerator_JoleK Jan 30, 2012 9:58 AM (in response to Hopkism)
What issues are you refering to, Hopkism? Don't you believe there's a certain amount of privacy you have to concede to use Social medias?
Re: Google plusHopkism Jan 30, 2012 10:07 AM (in response to Moderator_JoleK)
Absolutely! I do agree! However I have been stung, perhaps in a bias manner by Facebook. I understand that Google is already a publicaly traded company but that their Google+ is not really taking off that well, hence less targeted by hackers and those looking to take personal information.
What I am referring to is the terms and conditions that we sign on to with Facebook that blantantly fork over our personal information, what we post (content, videos, photos, etc) as their property. Does Google+ do that?
I want to keep in touch with family and friends but I really don't want to have to deal with Big Brother, aka Facebook.
Youthful Investor - Investing for Twenty Somethings
As some of you may or may not know, Google has started Google plus and the Google +1 button. The idea behind the +1 button would appear to be similar to Facebook's like system for comments but on a search instead.
Do you think that this will be useful to Small businesses to have people +1 your website?
Do you think companies will abuse it, giving themselves fake +1's though false accounts and/or proxies?
What do you think this means as a whole for the websites of companies?


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Averna's NI PXI-based RF record and playback solution has effectively enhanced Trimble New Zealand's GNSS testing process.
10X Engineering designed, developed, and integrated a turnkey test system that increases the number of measurements while decreasing the testing time.
The Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur tests the latest infotainment systems using LabVIEW and the NI VSG to accelerate the development of the IP for the DRM standard.
White Paper
Configuring Phase-Coherent RF Systems
Learn about the fundamentals of configuring NI VSGs and VSAs for achieving phase-coherent signal generation and measurements required for multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) and beamforming applications.
Hardware Services
Service Program Options
Every PXI purchase includes the following services:
NI offers additional hardware services as part of expanded service programs that can improve uptime and lower maintenance costs.
Explore a wide range of support content, including examples and troubleshooting information.


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OpenOffice.org 2.4, the latest version of the free productivity application suite, was released Thursday and is now available for download for a number of operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X.
An open source project backed by Sun Microsystems, OpenOffice.org is widely regarded as the leading competitor to Microsoft Office. It is also the most prominent software to support Open Document Format (ODF), a set of open standards that challenges Microsoft's proprietary Office file formats.
This release is mostly an incremental upgrade, however, and isn't likely to do much to heat up the competition in the productivity applications market. It incorporates mostly minor new features and bug fixes for each of the applications in the suite, including Writer, Calc, the Base personal database, and the Impress presentation software.
The real sparks won't start flying until the next major milestone for OpenOffice.org, version 3.0, scheduled to ship in September. That version is expected to bring long-awaited support for Microsoft's Office 2007 file formats, which will make it easier for current Office users to migrate to the alternative suite. In addition, it will bring support for ODF 1.2 and user interface improvements, among other features.
A version of OpenOffice.org ships with most desktop Linux distributions, and current Linux users may wish to wait for their distribution maintainer to offer a version of the 2.4 upgrade that has been specially tweaked for their flavor of Linux. Windows and Mac OS X users can download installers from the OpenOffice.org distribution site.


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Windows Virtualbox 1
VirtualBox OVA to Vsphere OVF
As, I was installing my FreePBX server with Asterisk. I decided to move the installed virtual machine on Virtualbox to VMware Esxi Server. So, it will be running non-stop. It took me lot of time and research to accomplish this task. Even it seem fairly easy. That's why, I would like share with you guys.


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January 1, 2013
Space travel has always been portrayed as risky — no air or water, extreme temperatures — a place where even a small miscalculation can be fatal. It can also be hazardous to your brain health, particularly on a three-year-long mission to Mars, according to a study published this week in the scientific journal PLOS ONE.
The eight-year long study, conducted at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory on New York's Long Island, found that the cosmic radiation on such a mission could accelerate the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
NASA is working on sending astronauts to a passing asteroid in the 2020s, and talks of a trip to Mars in the 2030s. It would take three years, with current technology, to get there and back. Current spacecraft are not heavily shielded from the cosmic radiation crew members would encounter beyond Earth's protective magnetic field.
The Emergency Election Sale is now live! Get 30% to 60% off our most popular products today!


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Nuts and Seeds (Savory Snacks) Market in South America – Outlook to 2020: Market Size, Growth and Forecast Analytics
"Nuts and Seeds (Savory Snacks) Market in South America – Outlook to 2020: Market Size, Growth and Forecast Analytics" is a broad level market review of South America Nuts and Seeds' market by country. The research handbook provides the up-to-date market size data for period 2011-2015 and illustrative forecast to 2020 covering key market aspects like Sales Value and Volume for Nuts and Seeds and its variants Peanuts and Other Nuts & Seeds. The research handbook also provides analytics on Sales by Brands and by Distribution Channel.
Nuts & Seeds – includes packaged peanuts (packaged peanuts sold at retail outlets primarily for snack consumption) as well as other nuts and seeds (packaged nuts and seeds other than peanuts sold at retail outlets primarily for snack consumption).
Sales Values in the handbook are depicted in USD ($) and local currency by country and Volumes are represented in M Kilograms.
Furthermore, the research handbook details out Sales Value for top brands for the year 2012 to 2015 and overall market sales by Distribution Channel (Hypermarkets & Supermarkets, Convenience Stores, Department Stores, Dollar Stores, Variety Store, Cash & Carries and Warehouse clubs, eRetailers, Food & Drinks specialists, Drug stores & Pharmacies, Health & Beauty Stores, Other general retailers and others) where ever applicable.
The research handbook acts as an essential tool for companies active or planning to venture in to South America Nuts and Seeds (Savory Snacks) market by country. The comprehensive statistics within the research handbook provides insight into the operating environment of the market and also ensures right business decision making based on historical trends and industry model based forecasting.
Countries covered in this report include: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela
*This is an on-demand research handbook and will be delivered within 2 working days (excluding weekends) of the purchase.
**Note: Certain content / sections in the research handbook may be removed or altered based on the availability and relevance of data.
– Overall Nuts and Seeds (Savory Snacks) market value and volume analytics with growth analysis from 2011 to 2020.
– Sales Value and Volume analytics for variants of Nuts and Seeds; Peanuts and Other Nuts & Seeds
– Value terms for the top brands.
– Distribution channel sales analytics from 2012-2015.
Reasons to buy
– Get access to authoritative and granular data on the Nuts and Seeds (Savory Snacks) market and fill in the gaps in understanding of trends and the components of change behind them.
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– Analyze the components of change in the market by looking at historic and future growth patterns.
– Use the data to understand future patterns of the market trends from winners and losers to category dynamics and thereby quickly and easily identify the key areas in which you want to compete in the future.


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High As A Kite Wallet
Put your money where your weed is! Our super stylish weed wallet is perfect for keeping your cash until it's time to top up your stash.
This vinyl wallet is designed to be thinner, lighter, and stronger than any other bi-fold wallet. It is tear-proof, water resistant, lightweight, and will stand the test of time.
Our Wallet is an original Blaze And Leaf design and is printed in the USA.
Dimensions: 3.44" l x 8.69'' w (open)
Questions & Answers
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Be the first to ask a question about this.


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Goshen first selectmen settling into job he didn't expect to have
GOSHEN >> Five months after taking over as first selcectman in Goshen, Wilrose Duquette said that education and public works are the two most pivotal issues in his town. Duquette, originally from Massachusetts, has lived in Goshen and been active in the town's politics for just shy of 40 years.
Duquette was formerly on the Goshen Community Care and Hospice board of directors, served as an officer in the town's Board of Finance and was chairman of the Board of Appeals. While working on the finance board in 2011, Duquette was asked by former First Selectman Thomas Breakell to step down and run for a position on the Board of Selectmen.
"It was a part time job and I thought it might be interesting and I could do some productive things for the Board of Selectmen," Duquette said. "So, that's how I ended up in the selectman's position, but I certainly did not anticipate becoming the first selectman."
Breakell stepped down from his first selectman post in August 2012 to accept a manager position at Arethusa Farm in Litchfield. Duquette succeeded him on Sept. 1, 2012. A month later, Superstorm Sandy ravaged the Northeast.
"That was kind of an interesting baptism by fire, if you will," Duquette said. "We had a lot of work that had to be done by public works and of course they did a great job."
Duquette also commended public works on the job they did last weekend dealing with the blizzard.
Duquette has yet to make a decision as to whether to run for the first selectman position again in November.
"I'm really not focused on that yet, that issue. Right now, we're looking at budgets. Of course, we've just gone through another big snowstorm. That's really where I'm focused right now," he said.
Though his main priority is currently the budgets, the first selectman also said he is interested in taking a close look at Camp Cochipianee, with the goal of creating a five-year plan to improve the camp.
The town has also embarked on a ten-year road pavement plan, according to Duquette. The roads have already been evaluated by an engineering firm and Duquette said that the roads were in reasonably good shape.
"We want to make sure they stay that way and actually even bring them up a notch," he said.
Duquette is entering his sixth month leading the Board of Selectmen. He thanked the staff and support people in Goshen for doing a great job in helping him transition into his new position.
"It's not until you get to this position that you recognize how great a job these folks do," Duquette said. "That's what makes the town of Goshen run: the employees, the staff, the volunteers."
Reach Ryan Flynn at 860-489-3121 ext. 345.


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For Immediate Release
Patricia Kiernan Johnson;
June 29, 2007
New York, NY--OPERA America, the national service organization for opera, has announced the creation of Opera America, a new quarterly magazine that will begin publication in September. In addition to the comprehensive industry information that OPERA America currently provides, this new four-color quarterly will feature expanded coverage of the art form and more in-depth articles by recognized field experts. Replacing Newsline, the new magazine's audience remains the same—opera stakeholders in every specialty—artists, administrators, educators, trustees, and audience members.
The most substantive change to the magazine will be its increased coverage of the art form itself, with particular emphasis on world premieres and subsequent productions of new works. An annual new works issue will highlight premieres and/or re-stagings of North American works; each of the remaining issues will also feature this topic, reinforcing OPERA America's commitment to American and Canadian operas.
In its new format, Opera America will remain distinct from consumer magazines covering opera because its readership is the opera stakeholder rather than the casual fan. In addition to showcasing staged works and providing thoughtful commentary on trends, the magazine will address pressing issues in every aspect of the opera world, from tax laws to production safety to fundraising. "The new full-color format will capture the excitement and beauty of opera productions across North America," stated Marc A. Scorca, president and CEO. "We are proud to add Opera America to our publications family that now includes five electronic bulletins: NewsLink and MediaLink, both bi-weekly, and three monthlies, ArtistLink, EducationLink, and TrusteeLink. As the industry continues to evolve, so do OPERA America's services and resources for our members. This latest communication effort will further allow us to provide more in-depth news and features relevant to the field."
For information on advertising in Opera America, please visit
or contact Katherine Ehle, art director, at 212-796-8620, ext. 233, or by e-mail at
OPERA America leads and serves the entire opera community, supporting the creation, presentation and enjoyment of opera.
Artistic services help opera companies and creative and performing artists to improve the quality of productions and increase the creation and presentation of North American works.
Information, technical, and administrative services to opera companies reflect the need for strengthened leadership among staff, trustees and volunteers.
Education, audience development and community services are designed to enhance all forms of opera appreciation.
Founded in 1970, OPERA America's worldwide membership network includes nearly 200 Company Members, 300 Associate and Business Members, 2,000 Individual Members and more than 16,000 subscribers to the association's electronic news service. In 2005, OPERA America relocated from Washington, D.C. to New York as the first step in creating the first-ever National Opera Center. With a wide range of artistic and administrative services in a purpose-built facility, the Opera Center is dedicated to increasing the level of excellence, creativity and effectiveness across the field.
OPERA America's long tradition of supporting and nurturing the creation and development of new works led to the formation of
The Opera Fund
, a growing endowment which allows OPERA America to make a direct impact on the ongoing creation and presentation of new opera and music-theater works. Since its inception, OPERA America has made grants of nearly $11 million to assist companies with the expenses associated with the creation and development of new works.


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Svenskt Tenn's classic cushions are loved all over the world; from Stockholm to New York and Shanghai. This linen cushion has the Under Ekvatorn print.
The lush Under Ekvatorn (Under the Equator) print is one of Josef Frank's more colourful prints. With fantasy flowers that we almost recognize, but are uncertain that we do, we find that finely-tuned balance between dreams and reality that is so typical for Josef Frank's designs. Josef Frank designed Under Ekvatorn in September 1941 shortly before his move to New York.


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June 13, 1956 - December 6, 2013
Myrtle Beach, SC
Elizabeth Mary Flood was born on June 13, 1956. "Betsy" passed away unexpectedly at her home in Myrtle Beach, SC on December 6, 2013. She was 57 years old.
Betsy was predesceased by her parents, Joseph and Elizabeth DeAngelis, of Monroe, NY. Betsy was the generous and loving mother of Elizabeth DeAngelis from Myrtle Beach, SC; sister of Joseph DeAngelis and his wife, Isabelle from Millburn, NJ, and sister of James DeAngelis of South Fallsburg, NY.
An avid lover of animals, donations can be made in her name to the ASPCA. She will be forever in our hearts and always remembered for her unmistakable trademark smile.
At the family's request, a Memorial Service will be held at a later date.


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Iowans march through Des Moines for peace
Members of the faith community and peace organizations braved the cold Sunday to make a statement against violence in the Middle East.
"We abhor war," said Bob Brammer of the Ecumenical Prayer Service. "'War is not the answer' is our general feeling."
On the heels of President Barack Obama's trip to Israel, close to 100 central Iowans gathered to promote peace in the region.
Every year on Palm Sunday people join the march to send a message. This year, organizers chose peace in Israel and Palestine as their top concern.
"It's something we just feel like we have to do, for our own selves," Brammer said. "We have to express ourselves with the message that war is not the answer. We want to seek peace."
People of different backgrounds gathered on the religious holiday to turn a political debate into a message of morality.
"We've just celebrated or observed the 10th anniversary of the Iraq War, which was a disaster," Brammer said. "We need to wind down the Afghanistan war, and we are here to say, 'we don't want war against Iran. We don't want another war.'"
The procession's focus was a non-violent resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
"It's one of the key places in the Middle East where we desperately need peace , or a two-state solution or whatever it is that can keep the folks … from the Palestinians from being trapped and the Israelis from being violent," said volunteer Susie Paloma.
They don't pretend to have all the answers on how to bring about a more peaceful world, but they hope t he symbols they care of peace and violence will resonate with those who watched them march through downtown Des Moines.
"Of course while we're at it, we'd like to let our elected officials know that there's a clamor for peace among the people of central Iowa and all Iowans," Brammer said.
The march ended downtown with a prayer service at St. Paul's Episcopal Church.


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Cupid's Arrow Pencil Valentines
In a pinch for some unique Valentines for your Little Pnut's school celebration tomorrow? We've got you covered. Here's a cute DIY idea that your Little Pnut will have a blast making keeping them quietly entertained as they learn through play.
What You Will Need
- Construction Paper in various colors or Valentine themed prints
- Foam heart stickers
- Pencils, 1 for each child
- Scissors
- Glue
- Double-sided Sticky Tape
Get Ready…
Depending on the age of your Little Pnut you may need to assist throughout this activity. First you will want to set all your work out on a fairly large table so that you can spread your heart feathers out allowing the glue to dry. Help your Little Pnut select the colored sheets of paper that they would like to use for their heart feathers. They will need two sheets per heart to create a 3-D effect. This is a great way to teach your Little Pnut how certain colors combined can create different looks and help them to understand what colors work together. Your Little Pnut will also need to count out the pencils to ensure they have enough for each friend.
Get Set…
First you will need to start by cutting out the hearts. Selecting the 2 sheets of paper your Little Pnut would like to use for their arrow feather hearts, fold both sheets together so that your cut hearts will be the exact size. Slowly and carefully have your Little Pnut cut out hearts in various sizes. Cutting is a great exercise to further define and enhance fine motor skills and to introduce the concept of large & small. If your Little Pnut is too young to handle scissors alone help your Little Pnut with this step.
Once all the hearts have been cut out it's now time to make the arrow feathers. Using glue make a thin line along the fold of one heart adhering the second heart on the seam. Let them dry.
While the arrow feathers are drying your Little Pnut will want to create the arrow tips. Using two foam hearts of the same size, have your Little Pnut set the tip of the pencil in the middle of one heart then cover the pencil tip with the second. This will form the arrows tip.
When the arrow feathers are dry, you will now add the feathers to the pencil. Lay the pencil eraser side in the middle of one side of the hearts next to the seam. Taking a piece of double-sided sticky tape you'll want to tape the pencil down leaving a bit of tape to cover part of the heart. Pinch the sides together to fold the pencil into the heart thus forming the feather part of the arrow. This should form the 3 wings of the arrow feathers.
There you have it, perfect Cupid's Pencil Arrow Valentines! Now duck and cover…
Happy Playing!
Developmental Milestones:
This activities focuses on the following Developmental Milestones for your Little Pnuts:
Fine motor development, number recognition, shape recognition, color recognition, hand-eye coordination & cognitive development.
—Melissa Pia Bossola Beese, Little Pnuts Founder


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"Debra Burdick has written a gem of a book on mindfulness. As a guide for clinicians, the book has everything: no-nonsense, clear style; plenty of background info; tie-ins with research; excellent illustrations; and plenty of original experiential tools for introducing mindfulness and leveraging motivation and compliance. This is the kind of resource on mindfulness that you are not just going to skim through: you are going to copy and dog-ear and share this book with your colleagues and your clients. This just might be the last guide to teaching mindfulness that you buy."
-Pavel Somov, Ph.D., author of Present Perfect, Reinventing the Meal and Anger Management Jumpstart


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Year of publication
- IAPs (2)
- NF-κB (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- ubiquitin (2)
- E3 ligase (1)
- IAP proteins (1)
- PIDDosome (1)
- Proteasome (1)
- Rac1 (1)
- The C-terminus of p63 contains multiple regulatory elements with different functions (2010)
- The transcription factor p63 is expressed as at least six different isoforms, of which two have been assigned critical biological roles within ectodermal development and skin stem cell biology on the one hand and supervision of the genetic stability of oocytes on the other hand. These two isoforms contain a C-terminal inhibitory domain that negatively regulates their transcriptional activity. This inhibitory domain contains two individual components: one that uses an internal binding mechanism to interact with and mask the transactivation domain and one that is based on sumoylation. We have carried out an extensive alanine scanning study to identify critical regions within the inhibitory domain. These experiments show that a stretch of ~13 amino acids is crucial for the binding function. Further, investigation of transcriptional activity and the intracellular level of mutants that cannot be sumoylated suggests that sumoylation reduces the concentration of p63. We therefore propose that the inhibitory function of the C-terminal domain is in part due to direct inhibition of the transcriptional activity of the protein and in part due to indirect inhibition by controlling the concentration of p63. Keywords: p63, transcriptional regulation, auto-inhibition, sumoylation
- Bim and Bmf synergize to induce apoptosis in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection (2009)
- Abstract: Bcl-2 family proteins including the pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins are central regulators of apoptotic cell death. Here we show by a focused siRNA miniscreen that the synergistic action of the BH3-only proteins Bim and Bmf is required for apoptosis induced by infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo). While Bim and Bmf were associated with the cytoskeleton of healthy cells, they both were released upon Ngo infection. Loss of Bim and Bmf from the cytoskeleton fraction required the activation of Jun-N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1), which in turn depended on Rac-1. Depletion and inhibition of Rac-1, JNK-1, Bim, or Bmf prevented the activation of Bak and Bax and the subsequent activation of caspases. Apoptosis could be reconstituted in Bim-depleted and Bmf-depleted cells by additional silencing of antiapoptotic Mcl-1 and Bcl-XL, respectively. Our data indicate a synergistic role for both cytoskeletal-associated BH3-only proteins, Bim, and Bmf, in an apoptotic pathway leading to the clearance of Ngo-infected cells. Author Summary: A variety of physiological death signals, as well as pathological insults, trigger apoptosis, a genetically programmed form of cell death. Pathogens often induce host cell apoptosis to establish a successful infection. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo), the etiological agent of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea, is a highly adapted obligate human-specific pathogen and has been shown to induce apoptosis in infected cells. Here we unveil the molecular mechanisms leading to apoptosis of infected cells. We show that Ngo-mediated apoptosis requires a special subset of proapoptotic proteins from the group of BH3-only proteins. BH3-only proteins act as stress sensors to translate toxic environmental signals to the initiation of apoptosis. In a siRNA-based miniscreen, we found Bim and Bmf, BH3-only proteins associated with the cytoskeleton, necessary to induce host cell apoptosis upon infection. Bim and Bmf inactivated different inhibitors of apoptosis and thereby induced cell death in response to infection. Our data unveil a novel pathway of infection-induced apoptosis that enhances our understanding of the mechanism by which BH3-only proteins control apoptotic cell death.
- IAP-IAP complexes required for apoptosis resistance of C. trachomatis-infected cells (2006)
- Host cells infected with obligate intracellular bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis are profoundly resistant to diverse apoptotic stimuli. The molecular mechanisms underlying the block in apoptotic signaling of infected cells is not well understood. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism by which apoptosis induced via the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor is prevented in infected epithelial cells. Infection with C. trachomatis leads to the up-regulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP)-2, and interfering with cIAP-2 up-regulation sensitized infected cells for TNF-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, besides cIAP-2, cIAP-1 and X-linked IAP, although not differentially regulated by infection, are required to maintain apoptosis resistance in infected cells. We detected that IAPs are constitutively organized in heteromeric complexes and small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of one of these IAPs affects the stability of another IAP. In particular, the stability of cIAP-2 is modulated by the presence of X-linked IAP and their interaction is stabilized in infected cells. Our observations suggest that IAPs are functional and stable as heteromers, a thus far undiscovered mechanism of IAP regulation and its role in modulation of apoptosis.
- Ubiquitylation in immune disorders and cancer: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications (2012)
- Conjugation of ubiquitin to proteins (ubiquitylation) has emerged to be one of the most crucial post-translational modifications controlling virtually all cellular processes. What was once regarded as a mere signal for protein degradation has turned out to be a major regulator of molecular signalling networks. Deregulation of ubiquitin signalling is closely associated with various human pathologies. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of ubiquitin signalling in immune deficiencies and cancer as well as the available therapeutic strategies targeting the ubiquitin system in combating these pathogenic conditions.
- IAPs as E3 ligases of Rac1 : shaping the move (2012)
- Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) are well-studied E3 ubiquitin ligases predominantly known for regulation of apoptosis. We uncovered that IAPs can function as a direct E3 ubiquitin ligase of RhoGTPase Rac1. cIAP1 and XIAP directly conjugate polyubiquitin chains to Lysine 147 of activated Rac1 and target it for proteasomal degradation. Consistently, loss of these IAPs by various strategies led to stabilization of Rac1 and mesenchymal mode of migration in tumor cells. IAPs also regulate Rac1 degradation upon RhoGDI1 depletion and CNF1 toxin treatment. Our observations revealed an evolutionarily conserved role of IAPs in regulating Rac1 stability shedding light on to the mechanisms behind ubiquitination–dependent inactivation of Rac1 signaling.
- IAPs on the move : role of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins in cell migration (2013)
- Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) are a class of highly conserved proteins predominantly known for the regulation of caspases and immune signaling. However, recent evidence suggests a crucial role for these molecules in the regulation of tumor cell shape and migration by controlling MAPK, NF-κB and Rho GTPases. IAPs directly control Rho GTPases, thus regulating cell shape and migration. For instance, XIAP and cIAP1 function as the direct E3 ubiquitin ligases of Rac1 and target it for proteasomal degradation. IAPs are differentially expressed in tumor cells and have been targeted by several cancer therapeutic drugs that are currently in clinical trials. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of IAPs in the regulation of cell migration and discuss the possible implications of these observations in regulating tumor cell metastases.
- Identification of non-canonical NF-κB signaling as a critical mediator of Smac mimetic-stimulated migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells (2013)
- As inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins can regulate additional signaling pathways beyond apoptosis, we investigated the effect of the second mitochondrial activator of caspases (Smac) mimetic BV6, which antagonizes IAP proteins, on non-apoptotic functions in glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we identify non-canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)/TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) autocrine/paracrine loop as critical mediators of BV6-stimulated migration and invasion of GBM cells. In addition to GBM cell lines, BV6 triggers cell elongation, migration and invasion in primary, patient-derived GBM cells at non-toxic concentrations, which do not affect cell viability or proliferation, and also increases infiltrative tumor growth in vivo underscoring the relevance of these findings. Molecular studies reveal that BV6 causes rapid degradation of cellular IAP proteins, accumulation of NIK, processing of p100 to p52, translocation of p52 into the nucleus, increased NF-κB DNA binding and enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay supershift shows that the NF-κB DNA-binding subunits consist of p50, p52 and RelB further confirming the activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. BV6-stimulated NF-κB activation leads to elevated mRNA levels of TNFα and additional NF-κB target genes involved in migration (i.e., interleukin 8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, CXC chemokine receptor 4) and invasion (i.e., matrix metalloproteinase-9). Importantly, inhibition of NF-κB by overexpression of dominant-negative IκBα superrepressor prevents the BV6-stimulated cell elongation, migration and invasion. Similarly, specific inhibition of non-canonical NF-κB signaling by RNA interference-mediated silencing of NIK suppresses the BV6-induced cell elongation, migration and invasion as well as upregulation of NF-κB target genes. Intriguingly, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the BV6-stimulated TNFα autocrine/paracrine loop by the TNFα-blocking antibody Enbrel or by knockdown of TNFR1 abrogates BV6-induced cell elongation, migration and invasion. By demonstrating that the Smac mimetic BV6 at non-toxic concentrations promotes migration and invasion of GBM cells via non-canonical NF-κB signaling, our findings have important implications for the use of Smac mimetics as cancer therapeutics.
- Bacterial porin disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential and sensitizes host cells to apoptosis (2009)
- The bacterial PorB porin, an ATP-binding beta-barrel protein of pathogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae, triggers host cell apoptosis by an unknown mechanism. PorB is targeted to and imported by host cell mitochondria, causing the breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m). Here, we show that PorB induces the condensation of the mitochondrial matrix and the loss of cristae structures, sensitizing cells to the induction of apoptosis via signaling pathways activated by BH3-only proteins. PorB is imported into mitochondria through the general translocase TOM but, unexpectedly, is not recognized by the SAM sorting machinery, usually required for the assembly of beta-barrel proteins in the mitochondrial outer membrane. PorB integrates into the mitochondrial inner membrane, leading to the breakdown of delta psi m. The PorB channel is regulated by nucleotides and an isogenic PorB mutant defective in ATP-binding failed to induce delta psi m loss and apoptosis, demonstrating that dissipation of delta psi m is a requirement for cell death caused by neisserial infection.
- Neisseria meningitidis differentially controls host cell motility through PilC1 and PilC2 components of type IV pili (2009)
- Neisseria meningitidis is a strictly human pathogen that has two facets since asymptomatic carriage can unpredictably turn into fulminant forms of infection. Meningococcal pathogenesis relies on the ability of the bacteria to break host epithelial or endothelial cellular barriers. Highly restrictive, yet poorly understood, mechanisms allow meningococcal adhesion to cells of only human origin. Adhesion of encapsulated and virulent meningococci to human cells relies on the expression of bacterial type four pili (T4P) that trigger intense host cell signalling. Among the components of the meningococcal T4P, the concomitantly expressed PilC1 and PilC2 proteins regulate pili exposure at the bacterial surface, and until now, PilC1 was believed to be specifically responsible for T4P-mediated meningococcal adhesion to human cells. Contrary to previous reports, we show that, like PilC1, the meningococcal PilC2 component is capable of mediating adhesion to human ME180 epithelial cells, with cortical plaque formation and F-actin condensation. However, PilC1 and PilC2 promote different effects on infected cells. Cellular tracking analysis revealed that PilC1-expressing meningococci caused a severe reduction in the motility of infected cells, which was not the case when cells were infected with PilC2-expressing strains. The amount of both total and phosphorylated forms of EGFR was dramatically reduced in cells upon PilC1-mediated infection. In contrast, PilC2-mediated infection did not notably affect the EGFR pathway, and these specificities were shared among unrelated meningococcal strains. These results suggest that meningococci have evolved a highly discriminative tool for differential adhesion in specific microenvironments where different cell types are present. Moreover, the fine-tuning of cellular control through the combined action of two concomitantly expressed, but distinctly regulated, T4P-associated variants of the same molecule (i.e. PilC1 and PilC2) brings a new model to light for the analysis of the interplay between pathogenic bacteria and human host cells.