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Literature and film have both mirrored and helped shape these visions of disaster. In the last 50 years, in fact, writers and movie-makers have produced an entirely new genre: the post-apocalyptic. Their vision of a world in which civilization has crumbled and in which a few survivors battle for their lives has attracted enormous audiences.
William Forstchen's One Second After provides a fine example of the best of such stories. When a series of electromagnetic pulses, created by the explosion of nuclear weapons in the stratosphere, knocks out most of the electrical power in the United States, the townspeople of Black Mountain, N.C., find themselves dealing with looters, thieves, possible starvation, a lack of medical supplies, and an army of marauding cannibals. Forstchen is realistic in his approach here: he has researched the topic of EMPs, sets the book in his hometown, and creates as his protagonist a college professor named John Matherson, an ordinary man called to leadership in extraordinary circumstances. What Forstchen does best, however, is to show us the side effects of disaster. His grim depiction of early casualties among the most vulnerable — diabetics, nursing home residents, hospital patients — reminds us of the terrible cost exacted when transportation, electricity and refrigeration fail. A 7-year-old boy dies from an asthma attack. A girl eventually succumbs to diabetes when her insulin runs out. (Forstchen, incidentally, has written his book as a cautionary tale, not as a blueprint for the future. As he states in the introduction, "I pray that years from now … critics will say this was nothing more than a work of folly.")
So what gives? Why have we become so fascinated by such doomsday works that we have created a post-apocalyptic genre? Do we enjoy these books and movies for their entertainment value, or do they touch deeper sources of pleasure and dread? Why are we so enamored of television shows like "Jericho" and "The Walking Dead," with movies like "I Am Legend" and "Children of Men," with books like The Hunger Games, The Road, and Patriots?
Certainly the fears of the last seven decades — atomic weapons, environmental disasters, deadly microbes brewed up in laboratories, Big Brother in government — have sparked both our imaginations and those of our artists. These writers are also entertaining; we can enjoy being terrified while safe at home on a sofa, and the man or woman facing great odds is, after all, one of the premier themes of literature.
Lately, however, certain individuals appear to welcome — sometimes giddily — visions of Gotterdammerung. Some radical environmentalists, for example, dream of a humankind — much reduced in number — in a state of nature, foregoing technology and returning to the primitive. On the Left, many in the Occupy Movement, frustrated by the shenanigans of bankers and brokers, happily avow their intention of replacing democracy with anarchism. Some on the far-right, enraged by our government and the disrepair of the Constitution, see the disintegration of our political system as desirable, a falling-apart which will restore to them what they regard as their lost freedoms.
What all of these millenarians fail to grasp are the true circumstances of the change they envision. Like the rest of us, they identify with the heroes in the movies they watch and the books they read. They view The Hunger Games and imagine themselves as Katniss; they read One Second After and become John Matherson. Unlike the rest of us, however, these denizens of doom want to live out their fantasies, seeing themselves as the survivors, heroic souls who by their wit and grit will create a brave new world from the ashes of the old.
The reality would likely be quite different. Relatively few Americans have actually fired a weapon with intent to kill. Few of us trap or hunt or fish. Few of us know what it is to be cold and hungry for days on end, to go unwashed for weeks, to work with our hands, to do without the thousand daily luxuries we take for granted. Most of us enjoy those luxuries and would be appalled — and soon likely dead — if thrust into conditions where we had to provide our own grub, live in unheated homes, or thwart attacks by armed mobs. Furthermore, to believe that people will gentle their condition by a return to nature, to believe that the collapse of our political and economic system, whatever its flaws, will automatically bestow the gift of utopia or greater liberty: these are the conceits of the armchair and the box office. Rip away the fabric of civilization — and we seem at times to be doing just that — and what you uncover is a nightmare of blood, dirt, tears, agony and death.
Should we pay any attention to these writers and directors? Should we prepare for wreck and ruin? You bet we should. My father, age 86, ends many of our telephone conversations with the words: "Keep your powder dry." Though his repetition of this aphorism has annoyed me at times, he is absolutely correct. If we are wise, we should prepare in a prudent fashion for upheaval, whether from nature's cataclysms or from murderous human hearts.
My mother preferred another adage: "Be careful what you wish for. You just might get it." Can we dream ourselves to death? What might happen if growing numbers of people keep visualizing destruction, keep wishing for death-dealing bacilli, nuclear attacks, savages in the streets? Who knows? We just might get what we wish for.
I enjoy these books and movies as much as the next person. They get the blood racing and excite the imagination. But I also enjoy hot showers, good coffee, a heated apartment, my car, my cell phone, my computer and the many other amenities of civilization. These possessions are more than just pleasures. They are visible signs of life, liberty and my own pursuit of happiness. They are, in short, things worth fighting for — here and now, in the political and cultural arenas of the real world.
One final note to that young cashier: You are spot on about your return to nature. If the civilization which now coddles you does indeed crumble, I'd give you and millions like you about two weeks before you were food for worms.


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User Manual:Periodic Maintenance
Maintaining your MythTV
Your MythTV system can continue to run for weeks, months or even years. Of course, this is unlikely for several reasons. First of all, you can't keep your hands off! Yes, you're a techie and you like to fiddle. Second, hardware can and will fail eventually. Third, power-outages, tornados, alien takeovers and other unfriendly environmental disasters happen. But, if you are interested in keeping your MythTV alive for as long as possible, here's a few suggestions.
Your system is only as good as your backup. What? No Backup? You can't be serious... Well, now is the time to start backing it up. Why? Although you had fun building it and are confident you can rebuild quickly so you don't miss your favorite shows, there are two parts of MythTV that aren't easily replaceable: the database, and your media content (TV recordings, videos, photos, music, etc.)
The database
The database stores a whole lot of stuff you will only miss when it's gone. For example, it keeps a history of every show you've recorded, which is very nice when you don't want to re-record the same show over again. It keeps all the settings of your backends and frontends, it keeps metadata of all your videos (titles, director, parental levels, etc), it keeps all the commercial flaggings, and more.
Probably the easiest way to backup the database is to create a cron job that will dump the data out to a file. Here's a sample script that I put in /etc/cron.daily/
#!/bin/sh #Dumps the mythconverg database - daily backup #Keeps the last 7 days DAY=($(date +%u)) DUMPFILE="mythbe_"$DAY".sql" mysqldump -u mythtv -pmythtv mythconverg -c > /mnt/foo/sqldump/$DUMPFILE exit 0
This will keep a rotating backup of the last 7 days. Notice that the dump location is on a remote server, for added protection.
Backing up to a remote server
Using rsync along with a trusted ssh connection is a way to move backup files from the current machine (your MythTV server) to an alternate machine you may have set up for backup. rsync supports many protocols, including rsh and ssh. This example demonstrates ssh.
#!/bin/bash # In this example, the source machine is "startrek", and the remote backup server is "stargate". # Requires ssh tools to make connection to remote host. # (If you use Debian/Ubuntu, apt-get install keychain). source /root/.keychain/startrek-sh # Store knowledge of all currently installed packages. Restore with dpkg --set-selections # (This is good for Debian/Ubuntu users, along with any other distro based on apt/dpkg pkg mgt). dpkg --get-selections > /startrek_pkgs.txt # Backup up all databases. To restore, shutdown the database, move the ib_* files somewhere else, # startup the database, and the mysql -u root < /mysql_backup.txt. # (P.S. This is a good place to put in the example listed above!) mysqldump -A -u root > /mysql_backup.sql # Push all the files to the backup disk using rsync. This preserves file permissions, # and also deletes old files on the receiving end not found on the sending end. # # This example pushes everything from the listed folders out to destination "stargate", # stored in a folder designated for this local machine "startrek". It backs up a wiki site, # all the kernels built as "deb's", the /home partition, the /etc files, and all the # /usr/local/src packages (like MythTV SVN!) rsync -avq --delete --stats --progress /startrek_pkgs.txt /mysql_backup.sql /var/www/mediawiki/images /var/www/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php /usr/src/*.deb /home* /usr/local/src /etc** stargate:/mnt/backup/startrek
The media
TODO: media backup
OS and software maintenance
I'll start by saying: If it ain't broke, don't fix it! This is more difficult to follow if your MythTV servers other purposes besides Myth. I might add that if you have non-technical people using Myth for their daily TV watching, they will appreciate you keeping your hands off. If you must mess with Myth, please be sure to backup before you do. Expect that fixing one thing will break another.

subset: commoncrawl


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Weekly Report: Download Weekly Report 8-13-09 (Download PDFWeeklyRept) This Week's Developments: Yesterday, the Massachusetts Public Health Council (PHC) approved two sets of emergency regulations that will better protect Bay State health care workers and residents during the upcoming flu season. The first set of regulations require licensed …Continue Reading Weekly Report on Novel H1N1 Influenza as of August 13, 2009.
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New Movies: 'The Legend of Hercules,' 'Lone Survivor,' 'Her'
Two of these ('Lone Survivor,' 'Her') aren't technically opening this weekend, but they are expanding to many more theaters. That, along with the year's first Hercules flick (yup, there's another one coming in July) and the recent slew of high-quality holiday releases, make for a very crowded cineplex.
'The Legend of Hercules'
The story of how Hercules, born half-man and half-god, was exiled from his homeland and forced to fight his way back and regain his honor.
Directed by Renny Harlin
Starring Kellan Lutz, Gaia Weiss, Scott Adkins, Liam McIntyre
'Lone Survivor'
The harrowing true story of a Navy SEAL unit pinned down in hostile territory in Afghanistan by Taliban soldiers.
Directed by Peter Berg
Starring Mark Wahlberg, Ben Foster, Emile Hirsch, Taylor Kitsch
From the director of 'Being John Malkovich' and 'Adaptation' comes this story of a man who falls in love with a computer operating system (that happens to be voiced by Scarlett Johansson).
Directed by Spike Jonze
Starring Joaquin Phoenix, Scarlett Johansson, Amy Adams, Rooney Mara


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January 2013
Braves introduce newest Upton
An excited Justin Upton rolled into Turner Field with brother B.J. and the rest of his family on Tuesday as the Atlanta Braves introduced the newest addition to its potent young outfield.
"The last few days have been kind of crazy," said Upton. "It hasn't really sunk in completely, and it won't until you step on the field in spring training."
Upton was living amidst speculation that he could be traded by the Arizona Diamondbacks for months. Numerous teams inquired, and an early January deal to the Seattle Mariners was ultimately vetoed by the young outfielder. For the native of Chesapeake, Virginia, this trade to Atlanta represented the perfect opportunity to begin the next chapter of his career.
Having the chance to play with his brother and be closer to his entire family is a dream scenario. One that the Upton brothers could not have foreseen would play out so favorably, or so soon.
"I didn't think it would happen this year," said the younger Upton. "You don't get that lucky. But for us both to have that chance now, for that to actually happen, and for us to be on the same team, [it's] tough to really put into words how it feels. We're excited about it and looking forward to it."
Their dream of playing together became a reality when the Braves and Diamondbacks agreed to a seven-player trade on January 24. Upton and Chris Johnson came to Atlanta in exchange for Martin Prado, Randall Delgado and three prospects.
Even before signing the elder brother, B.J., to a five-year free agent contract in late November, Braves general manager Frank Wren was intrigued to discover that Justin might be available.
"I don't think it was realistic for us until probably 10 days ago," remarked Wren on of the trade talks. "We inquired going back even before we had signed B.J., when we started hearing some rumblings around the general managers meetings that Justin would be a guy they would talk about. So we inquired at that time and kind of got pushed back with some of the names."
Initially, Diamondbacks GM Kevin Towers was shopping for a young, major league ready shortstop and Wren was not interested in trading away Andrelton Simmons. Once Arizona pulled off a three-team deal that landed Didi Gregorius in part from the Cincinnati Reds, Arizona's desire for Simmons was no longer a stumbling block.
"I think after that we started to settle in on some names and started building the deal as it turned out," said Wren in regards to renewing negotiations following the nixed deal between Arizona and Seattle.
Bringing the Upton brothers to Atlanta generates an exciting dynamic for the team as it moves on from the Chipper Jones era. Specifically, combining the Uptons with Jason Heyward creates one of the finest outfields in baseball, a fact that is not lost on Justin.
"Everybody out there can move, [and] can cover some ground," he said. "I think it's special to have that kind of athleticism in the outfield."
With the Uptons and Heyward all young and under team control for a minimum of three seasons, Braves fans can expect many special things to come.
Big trade unites Upton brothers in Atlanta
The trade speculation surrounding Justin Upton has been swirling for months. It all came to a head on Wednesday as the Braves and Diamondbacks agreed to a seven-player deal that will unite Justin with older brother B.J. in Atlanta.
Let's start with the players changing addresses. Atlanta sent the versatile Martin Prado, as well as RHP Randall Delgado, shortstop Nick Ahmed, RHP Zeke Spruill and corner infielder Brandon Drury to Arizona in return for Justin Upton and third baseman Chris Johnson. Those are the pieces, so now it's time to break this trade down.
Initial reaction…
The storyline was penned as the ink was drying on B.J.'s 5-year deal with the Braves back in November. What a dream scenario it would be if Arizona and Atlanta could find a way to unite the Upton brothers. The topic came up during the press conference and B.J. was obviously excited about the possibility. Now it has become a reality.
Atlanta added a young impact bat just months after Chipper Jones' retirement presented questions about how the lineup would cope with his loss. Prado is a free agent at the end of the season and the Braves could have found themselves in a similar scenario as this winter with Michael Bourn. That's to say, a good but not great player, over 30, looking for max years and max dollars on the open market. That's not a scenario where you want to feel your hand is being forced to retain the services of a player. Acquiring Johnson gives Atlanta a third base candidate with power potential who comes at a fraction of the price of extending Prado.
What they got…
Atlanta constructed the finest outfield in the National League by acquiring one the most talented young players in all of baseball. They now have three players who have 30-30 potential, play strong defense and are all 28 years of age or younger.
Upton, 25, finished 4th in the NL MVP voting in 2011 while taking home his first silver slugger. This is a former first overall pick who debuted in the big leagues at just 19 years old, is already a two-time All-Star and brings with him that "5-tool player" tag. His 2011 campaign (.289/.369/.529 with 31 homers, 88 RBI's and 105 R's) led many media types, talent evaluators, baseball execs and fans alike to believe that he could actually be the MVP as soon as 2012. That prediction may not have come to pass, but Upton's talent and potential are still tantalizing.
Last year was a frustrating season on many levels for Upton and the Diamondbacks. Still, he turned in a .280/.355/.430 line while scoring a career-high 107 runs. On the flip side, his RBI total fell by 21 and he had 30 fewer extra-base hits in just nine fewer games than in 2011. While it was a step back in what many expected to be a break-out season, the Braves are still getting a phenomenal young talent who is entering the prime of his career. Putting him together with his brother will deliver both comfort and motivation that can be found in a good natured sibling rivalry.
The Braves parting with Prado in the deal meant third base became a top priority. Hence, the D-Backs added the 28-year old Johnson, who they acquired from the Astros last season, to the deal. He has power, and has shown the ability to hit for power and produce runs in parts for four big league seasons. Johnson's run production totals (171 RBI's & 121 R's) are remarkably similar to those of Cardinals third baseman David Freese (177 RBI's & 142 R's).
Both debuted in 2009, but Johnson has more extra-base hits (114 XBH's in 348 games) than Freese (93 XBH's in 328 games). However, Freese does have two more homers (35) than Johnson (33) in 84 fewer plate appearances. While the two are certainly not carbon copies of one another, it does provide a decent measuring stick for production. Johnson will presumably compete for the starting job at third or serve as part of a platoon with the lefty hitting Juan Fransisco, who turned heads in winter ball after belting nine homers in 192 at-bats for Atlanta last year.
What they gave…
We start with the obvious – Prado will be missed for a multitude of reasons. Many wondered aloud how/why the Braves could be going to arbitration with Prado over a $400,000 difference his request ($7.05 MM) and the team's offer ($6.65 MM). Maybe that was a sign that Atlanta was silently shopping one of its most consistent hitters. Regardless, Prado did everything and more Atlanta has required of him since debuting in 2006. He hasn't taken the mound, but he has played every position except for catcher.
Prado, who turns 30 on April 23, was an All-Star in 2010 and has averaged a .294/.342/.436 line since playing his way into the everyday lineup in 2009. Those seasonal averages break down to 12 HR's, 60 RBI's and 78 runs scored per 138 games. He battled injury and inconsistency in 2011, only to bounce back and hit .301 while setting career bests in games played (156), hits (186), doubles (42), walks (58) and on-base percentage (.359). Oh, and he played five positions in 2012. Factor in his gritty, competitive nature and popularity among teammates and fans alike and you have a player that any team in baseball would be happy to have. Our friends over at MLB Trade Rumors have already started compiling the links to prove it, since the Diamondbacks are apparently already working toward a deal to keep Prado in the desert for the foreseeable future.
Now for the prospects involved. Delgado, who turns 23 in two weeks, was ranked the #46 prospect in the game by Baseball America prior to 2012. He split time between Atlanta and Gwinnett last season and showed flashes of brilliance in 17 starts for the big club. Overall, Delgado has gone 5-10 with a 3.95 ERA in 25 games (24 starts) in Atlanta. Over 127.2 big league innings, he's struck out 94 hitters against 56 walks while surrendering 13 homers. With a mid-90s fastball and quality secondary pitches, Delgado fanned 620 hitters in 582.1 minor league innings since signing as a 16-year-old out of Panama in 2006.
Ahmed, 23 on March 15, was a 2nd round selection in 2011 out of the University of Connecticut. He has a good build (6'3″-205 lbs) and plenty of speed. Baseball America rated Ahmed the #11 prospect and best defensive infielder in the Atlanta organization following 2012. He stole 40 bases in 50 attempts during his 130 games spent with High-A Lynchburg last season before playing in the Arizona Fall League. Ahmed found more success there, hitting .288/.361 /.452 with 10 RBI's and 13 runs scored in 19 contests for the Phoenix Desert Dogs. The AJC's Dave O'Brien had a great blog highlighting Ahmed's winter ball performance. There had been some speculation that the Braves could use Ahmed as part of a trade package, given the team's refusal to part with Andrelton Simmons.
Spruill, 23, a high school arm nabbed in the 2nd round back in 2008, has been ranked among Baseball American's Top 10 Braves prospects in three of the last four seasons. He's had some growing pains – specifically a broken hand suffered after a poor outing in 2009 that led to even more struggles in a truncated 2010 campaign. With that squarely behind him, Spruill matured emotionally and on the mound. His numbers improved between Lynchburg and Double-A Mississippi in 2011 (3.19 ERA in 174.2 IP) and he was tabbed the "Best Control" pitcher in the system by Baseball America after the season. In 2012, Spruill returned to Double-A, where went just 9-11, but walked only 46 batters in 161.2 IP.
Drury, 21, was the last player confirmed to be heading to Arizona in the deal. He was a 13th round pick in 2010 and had some serious steam coming off a successful Appalachian League campaign with Danville in 2011 (.347 with 8 HR and 54 RBI in 63 games). After Baseball America named him the #10 Braves prospect going into 2012, Drury faltered mightily with Rome last year. He batted .229 in 123 games, connecting for just six homers. Neither his strikeout (73) nor his walk (20) totals were particularly high, and Drury did put together a better second half to check in as Baseball America's #27 prospect in the organization.
What I like about it…
There you have a complete listing of all the players involved. I'm a firm believer that the Braves have added a young impact player – and get this – Upton won't be bolting anytime soon. His contract over the next 3 years is $38.5 MM, which is less per year than agent Scott Boras was seeking for Bourn. There is no comparison between those two players, but from a financial perspective the Braves got the better man. Of course, you have to factor in the player cost of this trade as well. Atlanta needed to balance its lineup with more right-hand hitters, something general manager Frank Wren accomplished by acquiring the Uptons this winter. I also like the fact that the Braves have managed to set aside a little chunk of money to spend on further improvements this season. They could also utilize the money to sign some young core players to multi-year deals, something that has become more and more common in the game.
By seizing the opportunity to combine Justin and B.J. Upton with Jason Heyward, Atlanta has created an outfield that could rival or perhaps even edge out the Los Angeles Angels trio of Mike Trout, Josh Hamilton and Mark Trumbo. While the Braves aren't concerned with comparing their outfield with anyone else, they are concerned with putting the best group of players on the field.
Atlanta needed to do something bold in order to close the gap between the Washington Nationals and the rest of the National League East. The outfield trio comprised of two Uptons and Heyward should produce both offensively and defensively. It seems to me that both teams could win this deal, especially if Arizona extends Prado and he continues his quality level of play. Not to mention what all the young talent can do to replenish and bolster the Arizona ranks.
What concerns me…
Let's go ahead and take a look at all those strikeouts the Braves now have in the lineup. This has been the topic du jour when it comes to the trade. Atlanta added two more players who fanned in excess of 120 times last season to the four players it already had who piled up at least 129 K's in 2012. It's not ideal from a traditional perspective, but the way the game is played has changed drastically over the past three decades. Strikeouts from hitters have become more acceptable. Shaking your head? Don't believe me? Well, Adam Dunn was named the 2012 AL Comeback Player of the Year in a season that saw him bat just .204 and strike out 222 times. How does that happen? (Yes, that's a rhetorical question.)
I went on a historical fact finding mission, looking over all baseball team statistics by the decade from 1900 to 2012. It wasn't until the year 1960 that any MLB team combined to strike out over 1,000 times (Philadelphia Phillies with 1054). Teams' K-totals escalated throughout the 60's, topping 1,000 on numerous occasions until the mound was lowered in 1969. Then, from 1972 through 1982 only two teams in all of baseball struck out 1,000+ times. Team totals began to escalate again in the 1990's.
To say that the way the game has changed would be a gross understatement. Are you ready for the proof? No MLB team struck out fewer than 1,000 times in 2012. Even if the thought of strikeouts continues to frustrate fans, players and executives, those elevated punch-out totals have become more acceptable. That's why I lean toward not taking Atlanta's strikeout prone bunch to task here. Let's wait and see what the numbers look like for situational hitting.
What to take away…
Time will tell for both sides. What can the Braves do with Upton on board? What will Prado and the group of young players do for the Diamondbacks? Obviously, I like the price and years of control Atlanta has with Upton more than what turned out to be a disastrous acquisition of Mark Teixeira in 2007. That deal is a case study on what can happen when you trade young players away and don't get any sizable return for your investment. And it's also a topic I don't care to delve into any further.
Atlanta does not have a prototypical lead-off hitter, but they do have plenty of speed between their outfield trio. They also have a nice group of righty and lefty hitters to mix and match. I'd imagine Justin Upton will see most of his at-bats in the #3 spot in the order. The opportunity to lead off could be given to Simmons, followed by Heyward hitting second (though he might get a chance to lead off as well). Older brother B.J.'s days of hitting atop the lineup are likely behind him. I picture him slotting into the 5-spot, behind clean-up man Freddie Freeman.
But hey, these choices and more are manager Fredi Gonzalez' to make. And does he ever have some options.


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When your family member is in the intensive care unit, you want to be sure they receive constant, expert care. The new eICU® Service, now available in all adult critical care rooms at WakeMed Raleigh Campus and Cary Hospital, provides intensive care patients with an extra layer of support in addition to the critical care nurses and physicians at the bedside.
We understand that having a loved one in a WakeMed Critical Care Unit can be stressful. You may wish that a doctor or nurse could sit at the bedside with you and your critically ill loved one 24 hours a day, watching to make sure he or she is OK.
The WakeMed eICU Service is designed to enhance the safe, high-quality care we already provide and to ease some of your worry in the process.
What is the ICU Service?Critically ill patients are cared for at the bedside by intensivists (physicians who specialize in critical care) and specially trained critical care nurses.
At WakeMed, critically ill patients are also monitored by intensivists and critical care nurses who are located in a different building (the eICU Service Clinical Operations Room). By using computers, cameras, microphones and sophisticated software, these off-site providers are a "second set of eyes" for providers in the critical care unit.
They monitor patients' vital signs, view lab and imaging results and visually check on patients (via cameras) to support the nurses and physicians working at the bedside.
How is the ICU Service good for patients?
How is the patient's doctor involved?The patient's doctor continues to be in charge of his or her care and care plan. The patient's doctor and members of the bedside care team discuss the patient's medical condition and care plan every day. When the patient's doctor is not present, the eICU physician may need to make decisions to ensure the patient receives the best care possible in a timely manner.
How do the cameras work?Are they on the patient all the time? The nurses and physicians in the unit conduct rounds directly at the bedside and are the patient's and family member's primary point of contact. The eICU doctors and nurses only view patients by camera when they need to physically see how they are doing. They may do these "virtual rounds" hourly, every two hours, etc. depending on the patient's condition. Otherwise, they monitor patient vital signs and other care factors by computer.
A camera is mounted on the wall of each critical care patient room. When the camera is off, it faces the wall. When the camera comes on, a bell rings and the camera lens turns to the patient. Unit staff, patients and family members can talk with eICU nurses and physicians when the camera is on. The room is wired for sound. They can also communicate by phone.
Protecting our patients' privacyThe cameras and microphones do not record people or voices in the room.
Learn more about our eICU® Service.
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Allogeneic transplant
Transplant using someone else's cells. For some diseases, patients cannot use their own stem cells for a transplant. To have a chance at recovery, they need stem cells donated by someone else who is healthy. The cells may come from someone related to the patient or someone unrelated.
Attending physician
The doctor who directs your treatment. This doctor has the primary responsibility for treatment.
Autologous transplant
Transplant using the recipient's own cells. For some diseases, doctors can remove stem cells from a patient and then put these cells back into the patient after he or she undergoes conditioning (receiving chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both). Patients having an autologous transplant do not need a donor; they are their own donor, in a sense.
A benign tumor is a growth that is not cancerous. A malignant tumor is cancer.
Procedure to remove a small amount of tissue from the body to examine it and tell whether there is disease. Common types of biopsies include removing tissue by surgery or removing fluid using a syringe.
Bone marrow transplant
A procedure designed to weaken or destroy tissues or cells that cause blood or immune-system diseases, and then to "reset" or replace those tissues or cells to restore healthy function.
Bone scan
An imaging technique that looks for abnormalities in your bones. It can focus on a particular joint or bone, but in cancer diagnosis it is more usual to scan a patient's whole body. The scan involves injecting into your bloodstream a small amount of a radioactive substance called radionuclide. Aside from the injection, the procedure is painless. It uses a gamma camera that picks up radioactivity where it collects in your bones. These areas are called "hot spots" and can indicate bone cancer or a number of other conditions such as arthritis.
Using high-potency drugs that target quickly dividing cells and destroy them. Some of the healthy cells (such as hair follicles, cells in the lining of the mouth and intestines, and normal bone marrow stem cells) are also quickly dividing cells, so they are killed as well. Their destruction results in some of the side effects patients experience.
Computed tomography (CT) scan
An X-ray procedure, usually called a CT scan ("cat" scan). It takes a lot of pictures as it rotates around you and shows detailed cross-sectional pictures of the body. Your doctor will have pictures of many slices of the part of your body under study.
To treat blood or immune system diseases using a transplant, doctors first give the patient chemotherapy, radiation or both. This process is called conditioning.
A doctor who has completed medical school and specialty training, such as in pediatrics, and who is training in a subspecialty, such as pediatric oncology.
Gallium scan
An imaging technique that helps doctors locate areas of tumor cells or white blood cells. First you receive an injection of radioactive gallium. After a few days, the gallium travels through your body and tends to collect in areas of cancer activity or inflammation. Then you return for the scan, which may involve taking pictures from more than one angle or scanning your whole body.
The study of blood and the tissues that form blood.
Related to the formation of blood cells. Blood-forming stem cells are sometimes called hematopoietic cells.
Putting a fluid other than blood into a vein. Examples of infusions are saline solution and chemotherapy drugs.
A cancer that disrupts the normal development of blood cells. Inside most of your bones is a soft spongy material called bone marrow in which blood stem cells (immature blood cells) are produced. A blood stem cell becomes one of two types of stem cells: myeloid or lymphoid, each of which matures into different kinds of blood cells.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
An imaging technique that uses radio waves and strong magnets instead of X-rays. Energy from the radio waves is absorbed by the body and then released in a pattern formed by the type of tissue and by certain diseases, such as cancer. A computer translates this pattern given off by the tissues into a very detailed image of designated parts of the body. The MRI shows a cross-sectional slice of the body (like a CT scanner) and lengthwise slices as well.
A malignant tumor is cancer. A benign tumor is a growth that is not cancerous.
MIBG scan
An imaging technique that uses a radioactive material called MIBG. The patient receives an injection of a very small amount of MIBG, similar to the amount of radiation in an X-ray. Then a large camera is used to take pictures of structures inside the patient's body.
Mini-transplant or mixed chimerism transplant
In patients who get low-dose conditioning before a transplant, engraftment means a new immune system develops alongside your remaining, but weakened, immune system. So for a time, you have a mixed immune system. The goal is for your new (transplanted) immune system to attack cancer cells that survived conditioning (called the graft-versus-tumor effect) and for the new immune system to eventually take over completely. This is called a mixed chimerism transplant or a mini-transplant.
Inflammation of the oral mucosa (lining of the inside of the mouth) with painful ulcerations and sores.
A genetic disease in which tumors grow along nerves (and sometimes other tissues) and which may cause abnormal development, such as learning disabilities.
Nurse practitioner
A registered nurse with advanced training in a specialized area.
Physician assistant
Person who helps with a variety of tasks, such as taking a medical history, performing an exam and ordering tests.
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
An imaging technique that uses glucose (a form of sugar) containing a radioactive atom. A small amount is injected into your arm. While you lie in a PET machine, a special camera detects the radioactivity in any part of your body. Cancer cells generally absorb large amounts of the radioactive sugar. The PET scan will help your healthcare team find any places in your body where cancer may have spread.
New episode of a type of cancer you have had in the past that comes after your cancer has been treated.
Period when there are no signs or symptoms of disease.
An imaging technique that uses sound waves to detect structures within the body. The findings of the sound waves are translated into a picture.


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If you or a loved one have a life or health policy claim,
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To find out more about what to do if you have an Auto claim, click here.
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text:
Fahrenheit 2777
9/11 has generated the mother of all conspiracy theories
Noted French left-wing activist Thierry Meyssan's 9/11 conspiracy book, L'Effroyable Imposture, became a best-seller in 2002. But I never imagined such an "appalling deception" would ever find a voice in America. At a recent public lecture I was buttonholed by a Michael Moore–wannabe filmmaker who breathlessly explained that 9/11 was orchestrated by Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld and the Central Intelligence Agency as part of their plan for global domination and a New World Order. That goal was to be financed by G.O.D. (Gold, Oil, Drugs) and launched by a Pearl Harbor–like attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, thereby providing the justification for war. The evidence is there in the details, he explained, handing me a faux dollar bill (with "9-11" replacing the "1," a picture of Bush supplanting that of Washington) chockablock with Web sites.
In fact, if you type "World Trade Center conspiracy" into Google, you'll get more than 693,000 hits. From these sites, you will discover that the Pentagon was hit by a missile; that U.S. Air Force jets were ordered to "stand down" and not intercept Flights 11 and 175, the ones that struck the twin towers; that the towers themselves were razed by demolition explosives timed to go off soon after the impact of the planes; that a mysterious white jet shot down Flight 93 over Pennsylvania; and that New York Jews were ordered to stay home that day (Zionists and other pro-Israeli factions, of course, were involved). Books also abound, including Inside Job, by Jim Marrs, The New Pearl Harbor, by David Ray Griffin, and 9/11: The Great Illusion, by George Humphrey. The single best debunking of this conspiratorial codswallop is in the March issue of Popular Mechanics, which provides an exhaustive point-by-point analysis of the most prevalent claims. (continue reading…)


text:
'Take Your Classroom into Space' – an OasISS mission education activity
The 'Take your classroom into space' activity is part of the education programme of ESA's Directorate of Human Spaceflight and is one of several education activities planned for ESA astronaut Frank De Winne's OasISS mission.
With the European Columbus laboratory attached to the International Space Station (ISS) in February 2008, educators throughout Europe were invited to propose new ideas for experiments that can be carried out on the ISS to demonstrate the effects of freefall to European students.
The two best experiment ideas (proposed independently by five teachers) 'Do objects have weight in space?' and 'Exploring capillarity' were selected to be performed on the ISS during the six-month OasISS mission.
ESA astronaut Frank De Winne is about to start his journey to the International Space Station, where he will spend six months, first as a member of the Expedition 20 crew and later as commander of Expedition 21.
During his mission, called OasISS, De Winne will perform the two curriculum-relevant demonstrations inside the Columbus laboratory using a standalone education kit. The demonstration will be supported by a live inflight call, featuring De Winne performing the experiments and answering questions from students. The inflight call is currently scheduled for 21 September.
Order the Education Kit
An Education Kit containing the same hardware De Winne will use in orbit is now also available for order via the online order form. The kits will be distributed for free to European teachers on a first-come first-served basis.
The Education Kit contains all the elements needed to perform the same demonstrations on the ground and allows European secondary school students (14 to 18 years old) to compare their results with those obtained by De Winne on the ISS, thereby helping the students to learn about the conditions of freefall.
The Education Kit comes with a teaching guide written by European teachers and translated to Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian and Spanish. The guide provides step-by-step instructions to help perform the demonstrations, exercises and questions, as well as an introduction to ESA, the ISS, and the freefall environment.
A video recording of the experiments performed on the ISS will be available from September 2009. The video is an essential part of the 'Take your classroom into space' activity.
Live event
To maximise the impact of the 'Take your classroom into space' activity, a European multi-located event is currently being organised in the home cities of the five winning teachers: Barcelona, Spain (Cosmocaixa), Mechelen, Belgium (Technopolis), Milan, Italy (Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia), and Thessaloniki, Greece (NOESIS).
This event will host the live inflight call with De Winne, as well as other activities related to ESA's human spaceflight programme and the 'Take your classroom into space' activity. Further information will follow.


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LOS ANGELES (AP) — A jury found Thursday that Toyota Motor Corp. is not liable for the death of a California woman who was killed when her 2006 Camry apparently accelerated and crashed despite her efforts to stop.
Jurors deliberated for about five days before reaching their decision and concluding the vehicle's design didn't contribute to the death of Noriko Uno, who died in August 2009 when she was struck by another motorist, sending her vehicle into a telephone pole and tree.
Uno's family was seeking $20 million in damages, claiming that the crash could have been avoided if Toyota had installed a brake override system. The jury found the 86-year-old motorist who ran a stop sign and hit Uno should pay the family $10 million.
Toyota blamed driver error for the crash.
The company recalled millions of vehicles worldwide after drivers reported some Toyota vehicles were surging unexpectedly. It already has agreed to pay $1 billion in lawsuits filed in federal courts.
The outcome of the lawsuit involving Uno could influence whether Toyota should be held responsible for sudden unintended acceleration as part of a larger group of lawsuits filed in state courts.
"As an important bellwether in these consolidated state proceedings, we believe this verdict sets a significant benchmark by helping further confirm that Toyota vehicles are safe with or without brake override," Toyota spokeswoman Carly Schaffner said.
Plaintiff's attorney Garo Mardirossian argued Toyota made safety an option instead of a standard by not installing a mechanism to override the accelerator. He added the automaker also failed to warn customers what to do if an accelerator became stuck.
Toyota defended its vehicles, saying it had a state of the art braking system and argued an override component would not have prevented the crash. The company's lawyers said Uno likely mistook the gas pedal for the brake.
Toyota has blamed the driver, stuck accelerators or floor mats that trapped the gas pedal for the sudden unintended acceleration claims that led to the massive recall of its vehicles.
The Toyota litigation has gone on parallel tracks in state and federal court, with both sides agreeing to settlements so far. A federal judge in Orange County is dealing with wrongful death and economic loss lawsuits that have been consolidated.
Federal lawsuits contend that Toyota's electronic throttle control system was defective and caused vehicles to surge suddenly. Plaintiffs' attorneys have deposed Toyota employees, reviewed software code and pored over thousands of documents.
Toyota has denied the allegation, and neither the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration nor NASA found evidence of electronic problems. A trial in one of the lead cases is scheduled for early November.
The Uno case is the first so-called "bellwether" case in state courts, which is chosen by a judge to help predict the potential outcome of other lawsuits making similar claims.
Other cases expected to go to trial in state courts this year include one in Oklahoma and another in Michigan. There are more than 80 similar cases filed in state courts.


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watching my NC State wolfpack (adopted via my daughter alma mater) get embarrassed by Tenn. Wolfpack and JETS break your heart ..... Year in, year out.
You guys watching any games?
I am not an MSU guy - just watching the game. I went to Georgia, so I will be watching my Bulldogs tomorrow.
Too bad we don't have a Jets club here in Chicago. Tired of watching the games by myself since my son went off to college two years ago.
We Begin our transition to Conference USA!
It did my heart good to see Penn State get beaten by Ohio. Couldn't be happier.
Listening to some pre game comments by Penn State students and fans - they don't get it. Paterno was a BUM not a hero.
They have a few marshmellows on their sked but probable losing record.
Last edited by BushyTheBeaver; 09-06-2012 at 11:05 PM.
Just trying to figure out which SEC team is going to be National Champs this year
Because Penn Stade students are and have been a bunch of arrogant jerks for years. And yes, that includes alumni. They had a big fund raiser after this whole molestation thing came out. A disgrace. Rioting when Paterno was fired. A Paterno cheer at Happy Valley during the game. Disgrace. Everyone bemoaning poor old Joe.
I was even happier when they got beaten by Virginia yesterday. UVA is a second rate ACC program.


text:
One Big Apple
The Daily Texan took the top prize at the College Media Association's annual convention in New York: the Apple Award for Best Newspaper, Four Year-School, More Than 10,000 Students. Our submission, viewable here, was the November 22, 2013 edition, featuring coverage of the fiftieth anniversary of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.
The Texan also won second place in the Best Sex Column category and third place for Best Print Ad.


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Investing in strong partnerships
Cooperative security is one of NATO's three essential core tasks. In an unpredictable, fast-changing and increasingly interconnected world, it is essential for the Alliance to invest in strong partnerships with countries and organizations around the globe.
"Partnership is not a choice between staying at home or going global. It is not peripheral to our business – it is part of NATO's core business. In almost all areas, we need effective partnerships to be successful. To manage crises. To defend against emerging security challenges. And to promote stability," said NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen in a major policy speech at Chatham House in London, on 4 July.
The Allies' policy of partnership and cooperative security has stood the test of time. Over the past two decades, NATO's partnerships have continued to evolve, adapting to changes in the security environment.
Today, partners are deployed alongside Allies in operations from the Balkans to Afghanistan. Partners are also working with NATO to address global challenges that require global responses, such as terrorism, piracy and cyber defence.
No one country or organization can deal with the complex and unpredictable challenges of the evolving security environment on its own. Euro-Atlantic security is best assured through a wide network of partner relationships with countries and organizations around the globe. For this reason, cooperative security is identified as one of NATO's three essential core tasks in NATO's new Strategic Concept, adopted at the Lisbon Summit in November 2010.
Allies agreed at the summit that NATO's partnerships "can provide frameworks for political dialogue and regional cooperation in the field of security and defence; contribute to strengthening our common values; and are essential to the success of many of our operations and missions."
At the Chicago Summit in May 2012, the 28 Allied leaders met with counterparts from 13 partner countries from around the globe, which have recently made particular political, operational and financial contributions to NATO-led operations. It was a unique opportunity to discuss lessons learned from cooperation and to exchange views on common security challenges.
Leaders stressed the need to maintain interoperability and interconnectedness with partner forces through joint training and exercises, even when not actively engaged in operations. They also underlined their readiness to cooperate in new areas "in a demand and substance-driven way".
"I believe there is considerable scope for developing clusters of willing and able Allies and partners ready to cooperate in specific areas," said NATO's Secretary General at Chatham House, pointing to areas such as training and education, emerging security challenges, and Smart Defence.


text:
This article is written by Arkadiusz Merta and was originally published in the February 2005 issue of the Software 2.0 magazine. You can find more articles at the SDJ website.
The .NET technology opened a new world of possibilities for highly distributed applications. .NET Remoting and Web services enable them to communicate all over the world. Language independency, seamless integration with databases, Web interfaces as easy to build as regular Windows applications – a new world of possibilities is ready to be discovered by developers.
This article presents possibilities for development of .NET applications running on operating systems other than Windows, using the MONO platform. Advantages and challenges will be presented. The paper also presents some common issues encountered while developing applications using the .NET technology. The primary idea is to show whether the same C# code samples can be compiled under .NET and MONO (using the Microsoft C# compiler – csc, or the MONO compiler – mcs), executed under either .NET or MONO, and run under either Windows or Linux.
In the .NET Framework, one of the primary ideas was to isolate the application (assembly) from the operating system. This is achieved by compiling .NET source code into an executable that contains Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), which does not depend upon the operating system or the target processor. During execution, MSIL is translated into native code for the particular processor, and linked with the appropriate operating system libraries, and executed as a 'regular' application. So, in this context, the .NET Framework builds a functional abstraction layer for .NET applications. For example, Windows Forms, a standard graphical interface for .NET applications, is translated by the .NET Framework into a series of calls to the .NET Framework's Common Library (CL). This is very different to the approach previously used in Visual C++ Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC), which actually executed direct calls to the Win32 API. .NET assemblies are executed against the .NET Framework, while Win32 applications are calling the operating system directly. This feature promises operating system independency. The trick is that the .NET Framework is a single vendor solution; although some ports to mobile devices are available (SmartPhone) – they are really bound to Microsoft's offerings.
The biggest competitor of .NET – the Java Virtual Machine – has one feature that gives it an advantage: true system independency. Java was developed much earlier than Microsoft .NET, and from the very beginning, it was meant to be an Open Source product. No wonder that the community accepted it and developed ports for the Java Virtual Machine for many different platforms. When .NET was released, Java was already quite popular, ported to many operating systems, with a rich set of free development tools already available (e.g., IBM Sun ONE Studio and Eclipse). The .NET Framework is given away for free, but the .NET development tools are quite expensive – Visual Studio .NET is sold for more than $2000.
To be able to compete with Sun's Java, Microsoft (together with Hewlett-Packard and Intel) published C# and the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) specifications and submitted them to the international standardisation organization, ECMA. As a result, ECMA-334 (C#) and ECMA-335 (CLI) standards were ratified late December 2001. This way, the .NET Framework was now on track to become really portable.
The MONO project started in 2001, but the first stable release, 1.0, was issued in Q2 2004. The work was initiated by Ximiana (and based upon the research project ROTOR), which was further bought by Novell.
The aim was quite clear: to move the .NET Framework from the one vendor solution into a wide and portable standard for a number of platforms and operating systems. Versions for x86, SPARC, and PowerPC platforms are available. Unix, Linux, FreeBSD and Windows are supported. C# (stable) and eventually Basic (unstable) can be used for development. System, Web, Remoting, security, Web services, and XML packages are ready. Some data components are ready (Oracle), some are unfortunately unstable (including Microsoft SQL client; the full list of packages can be found in the section MONO components).
This article refers to MONO 1.0.1.
In this article, the terms ".NET Framework" refer to the Microsoft product, and "MONO Framework" refers to the MONO implementation of the CLI.
Please install Windows MONO to: c:\mono\Mono-1.0 which will save you a lot of effort while compiling packages (there are some bugs within the packager configuration). Furthermore, the PATH variable must be updated with the path to the MONO bin directory (here: c:\mono\Mono-1.0\bin).
Installing MONO under Windows with .NET Framework actually means that two execution engines will work side-by-side. Please be aware that simply double-clicking an assembly (or running it from the command line) will execute it using the .NET Framework, which is the default for the system. In order to execute an assembly under MONO, a command must be used:
mono <assembly_name>
The easiest way to do this is to use the MONO command prompt.
Let us try to write a small .NET console application, compile it under Windows using Microsoft as well as MONO tools, and execute it under Windows.
The piece of C# code shown in Listing 1 outputs Hello World! to the standard console.
using System;
namespace FirstHomeWork{
class First{
static void Main(string[] args){
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
Let us save it under first.cs and compile it using csc (Microsoft's .NET C# compiler) into first_ms.exe:
>csc /out:first_ms.exe first.cs
Hello World!
As expected, the execution outputs the programmers' beloved string on the standard console and waits until Enter is pressed.
Let us do the same with MONO, using msc (MONO C# compiler):
>msc -out:first_mono.exe first.cs
As a result we get first_mono.exe file. Trying to run it we will receive the same result as for first_ms.exe file:
Hello World!
But what actually happened here? We just executed the C# source code compiled using the MONO msc compiler, under ... the Microsoft .NET Framework!
To execute first_mono.exe under the MONO Framework, we will have to use:
>mono first_mono.exe
Hello World!
The result is (as hoped) the same. The assembly files produced by mcs and csc have the same size. However, when we compare them byte-by-byte, it will appear that some byte codes differ.
One important note here is how the MONO assemblies are executed. For the latter example, we used a mono command to run them. This command uses a Just in Time (JIT) compiler to translate the code from intermediate language into the target platform native, stores the result in memory, and executes from there afterwards. A copy of the JIT-compiled code stays in memory for subsequent use.
One MONO feature should be introduced here: mint. Mint is an interpreter. In order to execute a MONO application using mint, we can call the following from the command line:
mint first_mono.exe
The output will be quite the same. But under the hood, execution will be done in a different way. Mint, as an interpreter, does not use JIT at all, it just walks through the compiled code, interprets each of the ECMA-CLI bytes, and executes them against the x86 instruction set. Because interpretation is done at each step, overall, applications run by mint tend to be slower than the ones run under mono. However, JIT compilation takes some time at the beginning, and small applications can be faster with mint than when they are run with mono.
But, because mint interprets the code, the C# compiler can be used for debugging purposes. Additionally, by avoiding JIT, compilation allows for execution on platforms where JIT is not available yet (OS X).
We now know some basic principles of MONO; now let us try to write a simple dialog application. The application will be created using Visual Studio .NET (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).
Figure 1. Simple dialog application – a label and a 'Say Hello' button
Figure 2. Simple dialog application after clicking 'Say Hello'
We have the source code, let us try to compile it under MONO:
mcs –out:form_mono.exe form.cs
form.cs(13) error CS0246: Cannot find type 'System.Windows.Forms.Form'
Compilation failed: 1 error(s), 0 warnings
No luck? The reason for our failure is quite simple: the MONO Framework implements CLI functionality, but not fully. Unfortunately, some of the packages are still marked as unstable or unimplemented (a list of packages included in MONO 1.0 can be found in the section Mono components). Moreover, some packages probably won't be implemented at all.
Let us try to concentrate on the GUI. As stated in the introduction, the MONO project's aim is to create frameworks based upon CLI specifications, for platforms other than x86 and MS Windows. The .NET Framework for building Windows applications uses Windows Forms (System.Windows.Forms namespace). But it contains a set of controls designed especially for Microsoft Windows. Does it mean that there is no possibility to build GUIs with MONO? Of course not. The difference is that Unix / Linux – based systems have their own, widely accepted graphical package: Gtk.
Gtk was, from the beginning, created to support GIMP – a graphical tool for X-Windows systems. After that, it became an important builder of graphical interfaces operating under Unix / Linux. Now, its managed version called Gtk# is also distributed with the MONO project under the Gtk and GtkSharp namespaces (gtk-sharp.dll).
The assemblies compiled with MONO will be executable under the .NET Framework (not: MONO Framework) as long as only .NET Framework namespaces implemented in MONO are used.
So, to create MONO GUI applications that will work under either Windows or Linux, Gtk# has to be used. Once again, there is, for now, no possibility to compile stable .NET Windows Forms applications under MONO (and execute them across platforms).
The good thing is that Gtk# is quite easy to learn, and a lot of functionality is the same as in Windows Forms. Let's try to test this conclusion (Listing 2). We save it to form_mono.cs file and compile using mcs:
mcs –out:form_mono.exe –pkg:gtk-sharp form_mono.cs
Please note that a reference to the gtk-sharp package must be added (-pkg:gtk-sharp). Let us execute the application over the MONO Framework by calling: mono form_mono.exe. The result can be seen in Figure 3.
using System;
using Gtk;
using GtkSharp;
namespace FirstDialogMONOApp{
public class form_mono{
private static Label lbl;
static void onWindowDelete(
object obj, DeleteEventArgs args){
static void onBtnClick(object obj, EventArgs args){
lbl.Text = "Hello to you!";
static void Main() {
Window win = new Window("First Form - mono");
new DeleteEventHandler(onWindowDelete);
VBox vbox = new VBox(false,1);
lbl = new Label("???");
Button btn = new Button ("Say Hello");
btn.Clicked+=new EventHandler(onBtnClick);
Figure 3. Simple dialog application – MONO version
If we compare the source code of the Windows and MONO versions, a lot of similarities would be found. Some widget names are quite the same (Label, Button), some methods and attributes are the same (e.g. Label constructor, Label.Text attribute), and events also match (DeleteEvent – DeleteEventHandler, Clicked – EventHandler).
OK, we now know that to build a GUI application in MONO, Gtk# must be used, because MONO 1.0 does not contain an implementation of System.Windows.Forms. That's why a .NET application won't compile directly using MONO. A question emerges: can a MONO GUI application that uses Gtk# be executed over a .NET Framework? Let us check by calling: form_mono.exe. As a result, we will receive a Just-In-Time Debugging dialog with an exception (Figure 4). Looking more closely at Figure 4, we will discover that the exception type is a System.IO.FileNotFoundException. By allowing the debugger to run, the extended message will provide us with some more details (Figure 5).
Figure 4. JIT exception dialog
Figure 5. Debugger exception window
glib-sharp is known to us now – we referenced it while compiling our MONO dialog application. It seems, however, that during application execution, it can no longer be found. Since this library will be used for several applications – let us try to make it accessible.
The best place to put a .NET (or .NET compatible) assembly that must be shared with many applications is the Global Assembly Cache (GAC). GAC is a special, isolated storage area, where applications can be stored and executed with policies assigned to them. The contents of the .NET Framework GAC can be listed via Administrative Tools/Microsoft .NET Framework Configuration (Figure 6).
By clicking View List of assemblies in the Assembly Cache, we will receive a list of assemblies that reside in GAC. Since our task is rather to add gtk-sharp to GAC, we choose Add an Assembly to the Assembly Cache, find gtk-sharp.dll (should be in Mono-1.0/lib/mono/gtk-sharp), and add it. Let's check whether it has been added, using View List of assemblies in the Assembly Cache option this time (Figure 7).
The contents of the GAC can also be listed from the command line, using the gacutil tool:
gacutil /lr
Other command line switches enable GAC manipulations.
Figure 6. .NET configuration
Figure 7. .NET GAC containing the 'gtk-sharp' assembly
Let us try to execute our MONO application again by calling: form_mono.exe.
Still no luck? We will receive the same error message. The exception message, however, contains the statement that either gtk-sharp or one of its dependencies was not found. Since we put gtk-sharp into GAC already, we can assume that the first condition has been satisfied. We have to check what kind of dependencies are required for Gtk#.
The .NET executable files differ very much from regular Windows executables. Besides the content of intermediate code instead of system native, their organisation is a bit different. What's most important at this point is that they contain a manifest. Manifest data contains information about the assembly and a list of assemblies that it depends upon. It also contains all the publicly exposed types and resources. Investigating it is a good way of gathering knowledge of how the module can be used.
Let us check the dependencies using Microsoft's ildasm tool (Figure 8). The ILDSAM tool parses any .NET Framework EXE/DLL module and shows the information in an easily-readable format. It allows the user to browse a manifest that contains the used .NET namespaces, types, and dependencies. MONO provides a command line disassembler: monodis.
Figure 8. Ildasm tool lists the contents of the manifest of gtk-sharp.dll
As we can see, the gtk-sharp assembly depends upon several other assemblies:
As we did with gtk-sharp above – let us add atk-sharp, gdk-sharp, glib-sharp, and pango-sharp to the GAC (Figure 9).
Figure 9. GAC updated with Gtk# and its dependencies
The final step – running the application – should succeed now. This proves that Gtk# and its dependencies are fully compliant with the Microsoft .NET Framework.
I believe that we know enough at this point to try to make our application distributed. As seen in MONO components, the MONO Framework implements the System.Web and System.Web.Services namespaces – we will try to use them in order to build an application that takes some data out from the Web server using Web services. The Hello dialog application will be extended here to use the Web service to get a welcome string value. We will test whether MONO can create a Web service that will be used either by an application written in .NET or MONO.
MONO comes with its own small Web server which is called XSP. It can be run in batch using:
By default, it resides on port 8088. To see its start page, an address like:
should be entered in a Web browser.
First, let us create hello.asmx and place it in the Web server root:
<%@ WebService Language="c#"
Codebehind="hello.asmx.cs" %>
The header specifies that:
Now, let us create the Web service implementation (Listing 3).
using System;
using System.Web.Services;
namespace helloServices{
public class hello:System.Web.Services.WebService {
public string getHello(){
return "Hello (from the Web Service)";
The Web service code – behind file (as in Listing 3), contains a Web method called getHello which returns a welcome string. Now we will compile the code–behind file, adding a reference to System.Web.Services (/r: switch) and specifying the target as library (/t: switch):
>mcs /r:System.Web.Services.dll /t:library hello.asmx.cs
The output file (hello.asmx.dll) should be stored in the Web server /bin directory. Let us try to use a Web browser to see whether the Web service works (Figure 10).
Figure 10. Hello Web service called from within a Web browser
And it worked! We can now invoke a method, clicking on the getHello link and Invoke after that.
OK – we wrote a Web service, compiled it under MONO using mcs, and that works even when invoked from IIS. But how about using it in our application?
Let's start with the easier solution: using MONO's Web service inside a .NET application. To do this, a Web reference in a Visual Studio .NET solution to the hello service must be added, and the button click handler modified as shown in:
private void btn_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e){
localhost.hello helloService = new localhost.hello();
lbl.Text = helloService.getHello();
Since I operated on a single machine, a reference to localhost has been added. By doing this, Visual Studio generates a proxy for the service (localhost.hello class), which is further instantiated and the getHello Web method invoked. The result is as expected (Figure 11).
Figure 11. Dialog app that acquired the welcome string from the Web service created using MONO
How about our MONO application? As mentioned, Visual Studio creates a proxy automatically. Since there is no special development tool for MONO under Windows yet – we have to do it ourselves using a tool called wsdl (included in the MONO package):
>wsdl.exe –n:helloWS http://localhost/hello.asmx?wsdl
This will generate the hello.cs file containing the proxy code. Please always specify the namespace of the proxy using the -n switch (here: namespace was set to helloWS). Let's modify the Say Hello button handler:
static void onBtnClick(object obj, EventArgs args){
helloWS.hello helloService = new helloWS.hello();
lbl.Text = helloService.getHello();
The web server XSP, included in the MONO distribution, enables proxy generation too. Let's compile everything, adding a reference to the Web service:
> mcs -out:form_mono.exe -pkg:gtk-sharp
-r:System.Web.Services.dll form_mono.cs hello.cs
...and run under MONO using: mono form_mono.exe, achieving the results as can be seen in Figure 12.
Figure 12. MONO application calling the Web service
Thanks to adding Gtk# to GAC, the application executed under the .NET Framework also works fine! So now, we can build Web services and proper clients using MONO. We saw that the code can be compiled by either .NET or MONO, and executed against both frameworks. This is, of course, because the MONO Framework implements a System.Web namespace.
A key reason for using MONO instead of Microsoft .NET is MONO's ability to operate over different platforms. For a Linux platform, a Red Hat 9 Server with GNOME desktop will be used here as our test machine.
In order to install MONO under Red Hat Linux:
Download mono_all.zip from here.
I've managed to install MONO under SuSE Linux 9.1 Personal with success. The MonoDevelop tool didn't run though, because of unresolved package dependencies (SuSE uses KDE instead of GNOME, by default).
Figure 13. MonoDevelop under Red Hat 9
A GUI based development tool has been created for the MONO platform. MonoDevelop is not as sophisticated as Visual Studio .NET. It contains a simple editor with syntax highlighting, context help, code auto-completion, and it enables applications to be compiled. It organises files into projects and solutions, and several project templates are available.
In order to test MONO portability, we will try to execute applications compiled under Windows using MONO mcs against RedHat with MONO 1.0. To do this, the assembly is simply copied to a Linux machine and executed there (Figure 14).
Figure 14. Dialog application executed under Linux
And it worked again! Looking more closely at Figure 14, we can see that the application looks a bit different to the one executed on Windows. This is because Gtk# for Windows uses the Windows look & feel – Linux desktop widgets differ slightly.
One of the issues specific for enterprise-level applications is that they perform a lot of processing, cooperating closely with databases. Microsoft's .NET improves on the great Microsoft SQL client, with DataSets that significantly improve work with databases. The DataSet is one of the major components of ADO.NET. A DataSet is the result of querying a database against views, tables, or rows (using either stored procedures or an SQL query). It can be considered a snapshot of the queried data. It not only provides data, but incorporates the functionality of synchronisation with the data source (insert, delete, and update).
MONO can interact with a variety of commercial and open source databases using ADO.NET (and some third-party tools), as listed in Table 1.
Table 1. Databases or database engines supported by MONO
Database/ Engine
Assemblies to reference with '-r' option
A third-party package distributed with MONO
Microsoft SQL
Support for ver. 7 and 2000
System.Data.dll System.Data.OracleClient.dll
Firebird/ Interbase
Using Gnome DB, i.e., Access
SQL Lite
Embeddable SQL database engine
System.Data.dll Mono.Data.SybaseClient.dll
As can be seen, the number of databases supported by the MONO Framework is far richer than the number offered by Microsoft. Of course, libraries for databases missing in .NET also exist – but they are not distributed along with Visual Studio .NET.
A sample use of the Microsoft SQL database engine is given in Listing 4.
using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
namespace SQLClient{
class sqlclient{
static void Main(string[] args){
SqlConnection conn;
conn = new SqlConnection();
conn.ConnectionString =
"user id=sa;data source=192.168.89.176;" +
"persist security info=False;
initial catalog=MONOTest";
SqlCommand sel = new SqlCommand();
sel.Connection = conn;
sel.CommandText =
"SELECT id, Name, Surname FROM people";
SqlDataAdapter dataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
dataAdapter.SelectCommand = sel;
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
dataAdapter.Fill(ds, "people");
DataTable table = ds.Tables[0];
for(int row = 0; row < table.Rows.Count; row++){
System.Console.Write("{0}: ", row+1);
for(int col = 1; col < table.Columns.Count; col++)
System.Console.Write("{1}:{2}, ",
It can be compiled under .NET (using csc) or MONO (using mcs; add the -r:System.Data switch). It can be executed under .NET or the MONO (calling mono) Framework, and it works well under either Windows or Red Hat (Figure 15).
Figure 15. SQL client executed in Red Hat
A comparison of any two platforms cannot be seen as complete without a performance test. As a sample test, I chose an application from the previous section, and augmented it with insert and delete operations. The test database contained 2500 rows to select. 'Insert' added another 500 rows. 'Delete' removed them. As a test machine, a Pentium III 500 with 64 MB of RAM was used. The results are shown in Table 2.
The table shows that applications executed against MONO tend to be much slower than the ones executed against the .NET Framework. Actually, it is not surprising that Microsoft's framework connecting to Microsoft's database is faster than MONO. What is actually surprising is that a MONO application executed against the .NET Framework was as fast as Microsoft's native.
Table 2. Comparison of application performance compiled using MONO and .NET run under Windows 2000
MS Windows 2000
Platform MONO
Platform .NET
MONO app*
.NET app**
MONO app***
NET app****
Connection Creation
Select 2500 rows
Insert 500 rows
Delete 500 rows
* Application compiled under MONO (using mcs) and executed against MONO platform (using mono).
** Application compiled under .NET (using csc) and executed against MONO platform (using mono).
*** Application compiled under MONO (using mcs) and executed against .NET platform.
**** Application compiled under .NET (using csc) and executed against .NET platform.
One important note here is that both MONO and .NET assemblies executed at almost the same speed.
For accurateness, let us have a quick look at the test made by executing the application under the mint interpreter (Table 4). The comparison shows that, for some operations, the interpreter can be quicker; for others though, they can be even four times slower!
Table 3. Comparison of application performance compiled using MONO and .NET, run under Red Hat 9
Red Hat 9
MONO/Win app*
MONO/Linux app**
.NET/Win app***
* Application compiled under Windows MONO (using mcs) and executed against MONO platform under RedHat 9 (using mono).
** Application compiled under RedHat MONO (using mcs) and executed against MONO platform under RedHat 9 (using mono).
*** Application compiled under Windows .NET (using csc) and executed against MONO platform under RedHat 9 (using mono).
Table 4. A comparison of MONO applications run using the 'mono' command (i.e. using JIT) and the 'mint' command (i.e. interpreted)
Windows 2000
mono <>*
mint <>**
mint <>***
Connection creation
* Application compiled under MONO (using mcs) and executed against MONO platform (using mono) hosted by Windows (for comparison).
** Application compiled under MONO (using mcs) and executed against MONO platform (using mint) hosted by Windows.
*** Application compiled under MONO (using mcs) and executed against MONO platform (using mint) hosted by RedHat.
A MONO package also contains and supports a set of third-party tools, one of which is called IKVM.NET. IKVM.NET is an implementation of the Java Virtual Machine for .NET or MONO runtimes (see Figure 13 – one of the project template-type nodes is called Java). IKVM.NET has ambitions to join what are considered as mutually exclusive technologies of Sun and Microsoft to allow seamless execution against one runtime framework.
The project is still under active development, and a lot of functionality needs to be implemented (e.g., AWT and Swing components!). However, some key points for the future should be mentioned:
A promise of taking advantage of legacy systems written in Java and interoperability of .NET is quite interesting. Still, this is for the future.
One of the interesting parts of MONO is called glade. The Glade classes give applications the ability to load user interfaces from XML files at runtime. So, generally, changes in the application's look and feel can be performed without the need to recompile it!
Let's implement our dialog application using Glade. First of all, we will create a GUI outline. As stated above, it is defined inside an XML text file. It can, of course, be written manually, but several freeware builders are available. Here, Glade for Windows will be used (Figure 16). Glade for Windows can be downloaded from SourceForge. A Linux version can be found here.
Figure 16. 'Glade for Windows' while building a sample application
A generated gui.glade XML file that defines a GUI, looks like the one shown in Listing 5 (some lines were removed for clarity).
Listing 5. XML file with GUI definition
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!--*- mode: xml -*-->
<!DOCTYPE glade-interface
SYSTEM "http://glade.gnome.org/glade-2.0.dtd">
<widget class="GtkWindow" id="window1">
<property name="title" translatable="yes">
First Form</property>
<property name="resizable">False</property>
<signal name="delete_event"
handler="OnWindowDeleteEvent" />
<widget class="GtkVBox" id="vbox1">
<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="homogeneous">False</property>
<property name="spacing">0</property>
<widget class="GtkLabel" id="lbl">
<property name="label" translatable="yes">???</property>
<widget class="GtkButton" id="btn">
<property name="label" translatable="yes">
Say Hello</property>
<signal name="clicked"
Please take a look at the lines: signal and property. They set basic properties (e.g. name), or define signals connected to them. A Glade signal is actually an event, which will be further handled by a specified method.
We will create a Glade client application (glade.cs; Listing 6). The client code shows the main class that triggers an application and two event handlers (for button click and window close) specified in the respective signal XML statements. Furthermore, a Glade.XML.GetWidget is used to get a reference to the label element. The XML file is given as a Glade.XML constructor parameter.
Listing 6. C# application that uses GUI definition from an XML file
using System;
using Gtk;
using Glade;
public class GladeApp {
private Glade.XML gxml;
public static void Main (string[] args) {
new GladeApp (args);
public GladeApp (string[] args) {
gxml =
new Glade.XML (null, "gui.glade", "window1", null);
gxml.Autoconnect (this);
public void onBtnClick(object obj, EventArgs args){
helloWS.hello helloService = new helloWS.hello();
Gtk.Widget wg = gxml.GetWidget("lbl");
if(wg != null )
((Label)wg).Text = helloService.getHello();
public void OnWindowDeleteEvent (object o, DeleteEventArgs args) {
Application.Quit ();
args.RetVal = true;
Now, let us compile everything as shown in Listing 6:
>mcs –pkg:gtk-sharp –pkg:glade-sharp –r:System.Web.Services
–linkresource:gui.glade glade.cs hello.cs
Please note that:
And run by calling:
mono glade.exe
The application does not differ from the one shown in previous samples. This is because Glade uses Gtk# widgets.
The beauty of this solution can be seen when we try to edit gui.glade (using, for example, Notepad). For example – a label name can be changed from ??? into Waiting...; running glade.exe again will display these changes – without the need to recompile anything.
Of course, there are several disadvantages to such a solution. Obviously, an event (signal) handler must be bundled inside the compiled assembly, so if functionality changes, the application will have to be rebuilt anyway. Furthermore, XML, despite being in a text format, is hard to read, and a good tool for creating and editing it is required.
Another interesting feature of MONO is the possibility to embed it within other programs: you can write C code (unmanaged), which calls a MONO assembly (managed). Although it seems to be quite an academic discussion – let us try this out (just to be aware of the possibilities).
C definitely lacks interoperability routines. Wouldn't it be nice to have Web services accessible?
As a Web service, the known hello will be used. We will create a C client and a managed assembly that will call a Web service. Let us first create an exposeWS.cs file that will perform a call to a Web service (Listing 7).
Listing 7. C# application that calls a Web service
using System;
class helloStub{
static void Main(){
Console.WriteLine("Contacting WebService...");
helloWS.hello helloService = new helloWS.hello();
String answer = helloService.getHello();
Console.WriteLine("Web service answer: {0}", answer);
And compile it under MONO, by calling:
mcs –r:System.Web.Services exposeWS.cs hello.cs.
As a result, the exposeWS.exe assembly will be created. Now, we will write a client.c file containing a C client (Listing 8). We will compile our C client using gcc and linker parameters obtained from the pkg-config tool:
gcc client.c -o:client .exe
`pkg-config –cflags –libs mono`
Listing 8. C application that uses the MONO application
#include <mono/jit/jit.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
//Create domain for assembly
MonoDomain *domain;
domain = mono_jit_init ("exposeWS.exe");
//Load assembly into domain
MonoAssembly *assembly;
assembly =
mono_domain_assembly_open(domain, "exposeWS.exe");
if( !assembly )error();
//Execute assembly
//Clean up
return 0;
The last thing to do is to run the client:
Contacting WebService...
Web service answer: Hello (from the Web service)
We have just run a C client that connected with the Web service!
One of the basic functionalities of each programming framework is its ability to debug assemblies run against it. As is normal, two features will be examined: tracing and debugging.
Tracing outputs a log whenever the assembly has reached a particular point of execution. MONO assemblies can be traced at runtime using the -trace option. Let us try to trace calls to the getHello method from the hello.cs proxy used by the previous exposeWS.exe assembly.
> mono –trace='M:helloWS.hello:getHello' exposeWS.exe
Contacting WebService...
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
Web service answer: Hello (from the Web Service)
ENTER: helloWS.hello:getHello ()
(this:0x80d8f00[helloWS.hello exposeWS.exe], )
LEAVE: helloWS.hello:getHello ()
[STRING:0x83bf9b0:Hello (from the Web Service)]
Please note that a -trace='M:helloWS.hello:getHello' switch has been added to the mono command line. The switch specifies that the method getHello from the class hello stored in the namespace helloWS will be traced. Some exceptions have been logged – four lines such as EXCEPTION handling: FormatException have been outputted. Let us try to check where they were thrown. To do this, we will trace all calls to the helloWS namespace.
> mono –trace='N:helloWS' exposeWS.exe
Contacting WebService...
ENTER: (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check)
helloWS.hello:.ctor ()
(this:0x80d8f00[helloWS.hello exposeWS.exe], )
. ENTER: helloWS.hello:.ctor ()
(this:0x80d8f00[helloWS.hello exposeWS.exe], )
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
Web service answer: Hello (from the Web Service)
. LEAVE: helloWS.hello:.ctor ()
LEAVE: (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check)
helloWS.hello:.ctor ()
ENTER: helloWS.hello:getHello ()
(this:0x80d8f00[helloWS.hello exposeWS.exe], )
LEAVE: helloWS.hello:getHello ()
[STRING:0x83c1a00:Hello (from the Web Service)]
Contacting WebService...
LEAVE: helloWS.hello:getHello ()
[STRING:0x83bf9b0:Hello (from the Web Service)]
Please note that a -trace='N:helloWS' switch has been added to the mcs command line. As has been seen, exceptions were logged in the hello class constructor. Since this one does nothing special (Listing 9), we can suspect that the exception was thrown somewhere in the super class constructor. Let's try to trace the whole namespace first:
Listing 9. hello class constructor
public class hello :
System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol {
public hello () {
this.Url = "http://localhost:8080/hello.asmx";
> mono –trace='N: System.Web.Services.Protocols' exposeWS.exe
Contacting WebService...
ENTER: System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol:
.ctor ()(this:0x80d8f00[helloWS.hello exposeWS.exe], )
. ENTER: System.Web.Services.Protocols.HttpWebClientProtocol:
.ctor ()(this:0x80d8f00[helloWS.hello exposeWS.exe], )
. . . . . . ENTER: System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapExtension:
InitializeGlobalExtensions ()()
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
EXCEPTION handling: FormatException
. . . . . . LEAVE: System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapExtension:
As can be seen, the exception occurred in the method InitializeGlobalExtensions() of the class System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapExtension. So – is it a bug? Actually, no – as the logger output – not an exception, but an act of exception handling happened. An exception was thrown, but also caught (and handled).
The full list of tracing options is accessible by calling: mono –help-trace.
One more thing should be pointed out here, and that is that the presented code does not contain any TRACE methods at all. The output has been generated on the basis of the operational stack.
Another feature that is worth mentioning, common to both MONO and .NET, are trace switches. The idea is quite clear: to enable output trace information being toggled on or off, by setting the proper flag in the external configuration file. This can be used whenever a deployed application requires some investigation at some future period as to what is actually happening during execution. An external flag can be set, trace logs gathered, and after that – unset again (and no logs will be output anymore).
Let us update exposeWS.cs as in Listing 10. First of all, a BooleanSwitch has been created and named as infoWS. Because the output of the trace must be specified, a trace listener has been set-up to use the default console. Furthermore, several Trace.Writeif instructions have been added in order to clarify the execution process. They will output values to the standard console only if the switch sw is enabled.
Listing 10. C# application with trace switches
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
class helloStub{
private static BooleanSwitch sw =
new BooleanSwitch("infoSW", "Info trace:");
static void Main(){
new TextWriterTraceListener(Console.Out));
Console.WriteLine("Contacting WebService...",);
sw.Enabled, "Instantializing Web service proxy...");
helloWS.hello helloService = new helloWS.hello();
sw.Enabled, "OK\r\nQuerying for hello string...");
String answer = helloService.getHello();
sw.Enabled, "OK\r\nDisplaying hello string...\r\n");
Console.WriteLine("Web service answer: {0}", answer);
Trace.WriteIf(infoSW.Enabled, "OK\r\nLeaving...");
As previously pointed out, an external configuration file will be required here (exposeWS.exe.config; Listing 11).
The configuration file defines a switch named infoWS and sets its value to 0 (please note the similarities between the BooleanSwitch constructor parameters and the add element name attribute in the configuration file). The configuration file must be stored in the same directory as the assembly. Furthermore, configuration files must be named as: <assembly_name_with_extension ><.config>. E.g., for exposeWS.cs compiled into exposeWS.exe, the configuration file must be named exposeWS.exe.config.
Let us try to compile:
>mcs –r:System.Web.Services.dll –d:TRACE exposeWS.cs hello.cs
Please note that the -d:TRACE option has been added to the mcs command line. This is because trace instructions are, by default, removed from the code during compilation. The -d option will prevent this.
Run by calling: mono exposeWS.exe
Anything changed? Of course not – we specified the infoSW value to be 0 (false). Let's try setting that value to 1.
By executing the application using mono exposeWS.exe, we will see several additional lines added by Trace.WriteIf() calls.
Listing 11. Application configuration file with trace switches definition
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<add name="infoSW" value="0"/>
Trace switches can be of two types:
OK, now we know enough about tracing and trace switches, but what about debugging? At this point, I am afraid that I have to disappoint everyone who just started to be potential MONO freaks. According to the MONO manual, in order to run an assembly in debug mode, it must first be compiled with the --g option that generates *.gdb files that contain debugger symbols. Under Windows, such attempts result in the error that Mono.CSharp.Debugger.dll cannot be found. This is logged as one of the known bugs and it is supposed to be fixed in newer releases.
The Linux version of mcs from MONO 1.0 (also MONO 1.0.1 or MONO 1.0.2) also cannot generate debugger symbols. The output assembly is bigger than the one compiled without them, but this is all that actually happens.
The MONO team promised to provide a debugger by the beginning of 2004. I will keep you informed about the progress of this work.
There are some ways around these problems (e.g., use of gdb under Linux), but I have concentrated on the package as-is.
An interesting initiative was started by Martin Baulig. He wrote a debugger that can be downloaded from here. The current version is 0.9. The last version of IDE that was released, was version 0.4; the next releases will integrate with MonoDevelop.
Based on the considerations listed in this article, several conclusions can be drawn:
Still, we have to take into account that MONO is under development. It is a promising alternative where portability is required. However, current releases can be used only for smaller projects.
The list below presents the status of particular modules:
This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed under The Code Project Open License (CPOL)
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The After Laughter Vinyl is an exclusive edition coloured pressing. First pressing of 10,000 on Black & White Marble available worldwide. The vinyl includes a card for a digital download of the album.
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Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway
Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, system of navigation channels, 234 mi (377 km) long, Ala. and Miss., connecting the Tennessee River with the Tombigbee River and, via the Mobile River, with the Gulf of Mexico. Constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers from 1972 to 1984, it flows S from the Tennessee via a canal in NE Mississippi, crosses into Alabama at Aliceville Lake, then runs SSE to Demopolis, Ala. There are ten locks and dams on the waterway, which opened in 1985 and increased commerce by shortening the distance by water to the Gulf of Mexico from many inland areas.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Physical Geography


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After two years in London, Elena is returning to Mystic...
Hotel California462870
- by AlwaysElisabethian
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- Updated: 1 Feb 2016
- Status: In Progress
AU/AH! Caroline has had enough of Elena's love for Damon. That's why she makes an ultimatum. Do something about it, or get over him. And she's determined to get her two best friends together. Delena as always!
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text:
Gillespie happy to have opportunity with Cubs
Outfielder added to roster; reliever Rodriguez designated
CHICAGO -- Cole Gillespie was happy to be reunited with his Oregon State teammate, Darwin Barney, on the Cubs.
Gillespie was added to the Cubs' active roster on Sunday, one day after being claimed off waivers from the Giants. To make room, the Cubs designated right-handed pitcher Henry Rodriguez for assignment.
Gillespie and Barney played on the OSU team that won the College World Series in 2006.
"We share a lot of great memories together, and it's pretty fun to be reunited at the big league level," Gillespie said.
The outfielder batted .277 in 74 games for Triple-A Fresno before being called up to the Giants on July 5. He went hitless in nine big league at-bats before he was designated for assignment on July 9. What kind of hitter is he?
"I'm a gap-to-gap guy, like to hit doubles, occasional pop," Gillespie said. "I feel I can steal some bases. I like to think I can do the little things good."
Gillespie was with Cubs manager Dale Sveum in the Brewers' Spring Training camp when Sveum was their hitting coach.
"It seemed like he's seen me more than I thought he has," Gillespie said.
The 29-year-old is just hoping for some regular at-bats. Gillespie will likely get starts against left-handed pitchers.
"It's been up and down the last few years, and hopefully, I get a pretty good opportunity here," he said.
Rodriguez, 26, had a 4.09 ERA in 22 relief appearances with the Nationals and Cubs this season. He was acquired from Washington on June 11.


text:
Moderate overall increases in charitable giving last year suggest that Americans are feeling better about their personal financial situations and philanthropy continues to be a core value worthy of their support, according to Giving USA's annual report on philanthropy, released Wednesday.
Total charitable giving increased by 4% in 2011 from 2010, to an estimated $298.4 billion, the report said.
Giving by individuals was up by 3.9% last year, to approximately $217.8 billion. Bequests grew by 12.2% to $24.4 billion last year, with 85% of this amount coming from itemized estates.
However, some of the shine comes off this good news when the figures are adjusted for inflation. Overall giving grew by 0.9%, individual giving by 0.8% and bequests by 8.8%.
As a result, the value of the increased dollars to charities was about on par with the dollars they had received in 2010, the report said.
"This presents a real challenge for charities, many of which continue to provide services and programming at the same level or higher than in the past," it said.
Giving by foundations increased by 1.8% (it fell 1.3%, adjusted for inflation in 2011), and corporate giving held nearly steady, down 0.1% (down 3.1% after inflation).
The Great Recession still casts a shadow over charitable giving. The report said 2010 and 2011 saw the second slowest average rate of growth in any two-year period following all recessions since 1971, with the exception of the period following the World Trade Center attacks in 2001.
Other findings in the new report:
- Giving to religion took a hit last year, decreasing by 1.7% (-4.7%, adjusted for inflation). The report said various analysts had found an overall downward trend in giving to religious organizations, particularly among certain Christian denominations.
- In contrast, giving to education grew by 4% (0.9%) in 2011, with contributions to higher education institutions enjoying especially strong growth.
- Giving to arts, culture and humanities increased by 4.1% (1%). The Walton Family Foundation made history with an $800 million cash donation to the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Arkansas, the largest cash gift to an art museum ever recorded in the U.S., according to the report.
- Pharmaceutical companies' operating foundations accounted for the bulk of the 9% increase in giving to individuals in 2011, with in-kind gifts of medications through their Patient Assistance Programs to patients in need.
- Million-dollar-plus donations to continuing cleanup efforts in the Gulf of Mexico from the 2010 oil spill boosted giving last year to environmental and animal organizations by 4.6% (1.4%).
- Giving to international affairs grew by 7.6% (4.4%) last year.
- Public-society benefit organizations saw an increase of 4% (0.9%) in donations in 2011.
- Giving to human services last year rose by 2.5% (-0.6%).


text:
by Rachel
Guardians of the Galaxy Family Costume Photo 5 of 10
Rate this costume:
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|Costume type:
|Costumes for Families
This homemade costume for families entered our 2014 Halloween Costume Contest.
A word from Julie-Anne, the 'Guardians of the Galaxy' costume creator:
My oldest son is Groot, next son is Starlord, next son is Drax, next son is Rocket, and my daughter is Gamora. These where fun to make. The Drax costume is hand draw and painted,... Read more »
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Welcome to Parkour-Vienna
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Community Calendar
Event created by Gginn
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Wo: Donauinsel!
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Jeder ist willkommen!
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