text:
Well, maybe not "crashing" per se... but you'll get our gist.
At a local faith-healing event, David demonstrates how the "miracle" performed ACTUALLY works and debates with the pastor amid his congregation.
► BLOG: http://betteroffdamned.com
► FACEBOOK: http://facebook.com/betteroffdamned
Views: 308
As part of my ongoing attempt to experience the 'fringe' and to understand my own function just a little better, I have taken in a few of these experiences.
Recently, my wife suggested that I taken in an RT therapy series with a local physical therapist/newage medium/energy engineer. Please let me explain in her own words, roughly: "I can use what I have learned from an enlightened being, named 'George', to control and manipulate the energy fields in the human body, to heal. You are so out of balance, that it will take many 2 hr visits of meditation/intervention to correct all the injuries that you have suffered over your life, and return you back to a healthly balance. After each session, drink lots of water!'
This almost sounds like my last estimate to fix the breaks on my truck!
So far I have three visits under my belt, during which, I seem to have the most excrusiatingly bouts of muscle cramping, and vivid visualizations of soft lights behind mostly closed eyes, following which a period of limping out her front door, and then a temporary funny return of my sarcastic sense of humor. In a strange twist, I seem to feel better temporarily, looking a gift horse in the mouth might be premature. I expect just laying quietly on a soft bed with white noise in the background, and the soft bell tone of her cell phone going off, could be the relaxation that I need. Being an alpha type, could be the death of me.
What I do find wonderful about the whole experience is that she is charging nothing for the service. I asked about this early on, with her response, 'It is as good for me as you, glad to be of help.' A $40/hr massage is always waiting at arms lenght,,,;p).
Oh well. Sadly, she has not attempted to lenghten one leg or another....
From 1:30 to 2:00 minutes, that dude's voice growing louder with the music is pretty creepy. Makes me wonder how I never realized just how crazy it all sounds!
So how we get people to not think that capitalism can solve all our ills?
Or that 'more cow bell', it the hight of humor?
Don't be too quick to judge these poor, deluded folks without taking a good look at yourself.
My father thought himself to be as healthy as a horse. When the pain started in his legs, he refused to see a qualified M.D. Instead he went to a subluxationist chiropractor. Over the next two years, he paid the faux doctor to treat his condition. And, even though his family and friends could see he was getting worse, he never lost FAITH in his healer. He believed in the efficacy of his treatment right up until the day he died, at age 52. An autopsy showed he died due to complications of clogged arteries obstructing the flow of blood to his legs. In a very real sense, FAITH HEALING killed my father.
If my father had consulted a REAL doctor, he might have discovered in time that the diet of fatty meat and whole milk that he routinely consumed in huge quantities was what was afflicting his legs and he could have been saved. His surgeon showed me an excised section of where his aorta branched into his sciatic arteries. It looked exactly like a stuffed sausage. It's a wonder ANY blood at all reached his legs.
The number of Americans who fall for chiropractic (and acupuncture, gingko biloba, glucosamine, chondroiton, magnets, homeopathy,...ad infinitum) dwarfs the number of those who succumb to the religious variety of faith healers; but they are no less deluded. And no more helped. It is almost a certaintly that nearly every person who reads this will swear that THEIR nostrum that THEY got from THEIR drug counter is helping THEM, even if NO scientific studies say so. This is the definition of "FAITH HEALING."
If you are inclined to take an opposing view because you know YOUR pill (or magic water, or magnet, or dousing rod, or acupuncture needle, or other placebo) is helping you, please don't give me anecdotal "evidence." Quote me the studies. Otherwise, you are relying solely on FAITH, every bit as much as those sad, foolish souls in the video.
A joke from the Reason Rally:
Q) What do you call Alternative Medicine that works?
A) Medicine.
Did you hear about the guy who committed suicide on homeopathic pills? He took an under-dose.
The physical therapist as mentioned above has promoted numerous other 'therapies' over the time my wife has known hear. About two years ago, before I became aware of the details, she was promoting 'silver water' and a more energetic energy therapy.
For the silver water, they were using a rather basic electrolytic cell to place small amounts of silver ions into solution. Silver does seem to have some antibiotic properties, but via a Wikipedia search, it was clear that there is a non-trivial toxicity. My wife used the water for a while, but stopped after I gave her a 12 page file of toxicity data, and background information.
For the more energetic energy therapy. There is a small town North of us, where there is a non-profit newage massage and energy therapy operation/fellowship. There you can get your feet electolysed to 'remove toxins', be wired up to be exposed to high frequency current, and sit in a room surrounded by functioning discharge tubes at maybe 20000 volts.
The discharge tubes are filled with gases that emit light at different freqencies at very high voltages. Some of the tubes I recognized as standard reference tubes. The room is rather cool actually, and I can understand why someone would like to experience it, its very much like a science fiction set, or a physics lab. I was concerned about possible short wave UV and xray exposure.
I did walk through their shop and noticed what looked like old xray tubes, non-functional at that time.
It is clear that some people are at their wits end for relief, but others seem to be just plain fools when it comes to their health and the sciences.
@ Dale
Perhaps one reason the glucosamine and chondroitin products sale as well as they do is that the local family doctors seem to believe in them strongly enough to suggest their use by their patients. My mom has been trying to get me to use the stuff for my joint pain for a couple years. I'm still a skeptic though. I always wonder if the pharmaceutical industry isn't giving kickbacks to doctors and other medical professionals for pushing their vast plethora of products.


text:
In this book, Patrik Baboumian who is one of the world's strongest men turns the most common stereotypes about vegans upside down. Patrik belongs to a new generation of vegans who pursue a healthy lifestyle and who show us that our lives need not depend on the suffering of animals. To live as vegan does not mean the sacrifice of our typical diet as much as it means a newly discovered lust for life and well-being through an overall healthier diet that does not place a burden on the body and brings a brand new awareness of life.
In this book, Patrik offers an insight into his very personal approach to vegan nutrition. Together with his fiancée Katy he provides recipes for dishes that can be eaten every day of the week. He offers advice on how to customize a vegetarian diet according to your personal needs which will also guarantee an optimum supply of essential nutrients. Patrik also addresses the stumbling blocks and obstacles that a vegan diet brings and explains how to avoid them.
The reader gets a personal insight into the life of a man who has dedicated himself towards working on behalf of the worldwide vegan movement through his personal experience and achievements. He explains what motivates him and what made him into the person that he is today. The book also provides motivational techniques that everybody can apply to his or her personal use in order to get those crucial steps closer to their personal goals.
Copyright © 2020 Vaggressive OnlineShopPowered by osCommerce

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Make sure you have checked everything in the general checklist for PlayStation 3 download problems.
Delete any existing game data:
Go to PlayStation Store, search for the game and download the trial version. When the trial download is complete download the full game.
You might have a limit on the amount of content you can download. This might be the download limit included in your broadband agreement or it might be your ISP's fair usage policy. Check with your ISP for details.
You can either do this either by signing in via web browser or by going to PlayStation Store through PlayStation App.


text:
Starting this July, the department is overhauling its automated testing system, which handles all driver's license testing in the state.
Starting this July, the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles is making a major change: It's overhauling and centralizing its knowledge automated testing (KAT) system, which handles all driver's license testing in the state.
Currently the department is working with its infrastructure partner, Northrop Grumman, to configure all firewall settings so that two very specific solutions – AutoTest and RoadTest by MorphoTrust -- can work at all state customer service centers, said Dave Burhop, deputy commissioner and CIO of the Virginia DMV. "As soon as we get that done, we'll be doing live tests across the state," he said, adding that implementation should run from July through October.
The solution for the department consists of servers, installation, code consultations from MorphoTrust, tablets for testing, and both the AutoTest and RoadTest software, Burhop said.
AutoTest is a secure, Web browser-based system that automates the "written" portion of a person's driver's license exam, and RoadTest is used for the behind-the-wheel skills testing component. It allows for testing on a tablet versus on paper, automates scoring, and includes handwriting recognition so examiners can capture notes and signatures.
This particular solution cost $3.7 million, paid for via DMV special funds. According to Burhop, it met the department's need to integrate all of the separate tests – normal operator, escort, motorcycle and commercial driver's license (CDL) -- previously incorporated into its homegrown KAT system. "All of our KAT testing we currently do is based on servers that are based around the state," he said. "So we wanted to centralized it and make it more efficient, working off of the centralized servers and having the customer service centers tie into the Web-based application."
Also of note is that public schools in Virginia can connect to the DMV's remote AutoTest application, allowing students in participating schools to take the "written" portion of their driver's license test from their driver's education classroom instead of having to visit the DMV.
"They just hop on their laptop, the teacher supervises the testing, and it runs just like it would here," Burhop said. "Of course they have to let us know who the students are so that our administrators here can set up all the people taking the test ahead of time."
Whether taking the test at school or at a DMV office, the software uses smart testing, which randomly selects questions from a large pool at the time of testing. The test is constructed on the fly, Burhop explained, "so that person next to me or behind me doesn't have the same test as I do, which is a lot different from years past."
The students who take and pass their tests at school can then make their appointment with the DMV to take the behind-the-wheel test – which examiners may soon conduct using RoadTest on tablet computers rather than traditional paper, Burhop said.
"In the interest of cost, we've only purchased the remote testing for our road testers around the state who do the CDL testing," he said. "For normal operator licenses, we are not changing that based on cost -- but if we can get our hands on tablets to give to all of our road testers and it's cost effective, we'll definitely go that direction."
Once the system goes live, the Virginia DMV anticipates seeing enhanced customer service, and a reduction in testing fraud and abuse. "I think also from an administrative perspective, it's not as cumbersome in managing since it's one system with multiple tests," Burhop said. "Another aspect is we do identity checking, so when somebody sits down to take the test, they enter their date of birth, and if their picture is on file in our database, we will display it."
The department will offer testing in 15 different languages -- including American Sign Language (ASL). Should a test-taker need ASL, a popup screen appears, and each question is signed, Burhop said.
Despite the fact that this system is very clearly the DMV's, other agencies also use it -- the Virginia Department of Agriculture, for instance, uses the system for pest testing, and the state's Motor Vehicle Dealer Board uses it for specialized testing for sales personnel.
The Marine Corps Base at Quantico is looking to do its CDL testing using Virginia's system as well, Burhop said, adding that the department is looking into generating revenue in this way. "But who knows what the future holds," he said, "and that is only to offset any kind of operational administrative cost, of course."
Photo courtesy of Andrey Armyagov / Shutterstock.com
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text:
Spa Gift Cards
WaySpa Gift Cards are the ultimate gift of relaxation
and rejuvenation and are perfect for every occasion.
Accepted at over 2000 spas
Locations. Locations. Locations. Relax and rejuvenate yourself, friends or loved ones at any
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E-mail, print or ship
Our flexible delivery options take the hassle out of gift giving. Need it fast? Try our instant email delivery. Looking for that extra special touch? Have your gift in a luxurious envelope along with a note.


text:
Luna, any of a series of 24 unmanned Soviet lunar probes launched between 1959 and 1976.
Luna 1 (launched Jan. 2, 1959) was the first spacecraft to escape Earth's gravity. It failed to impact the Moon as planned and became the first man-made object to go into orbit around the Sun. Luna 2 (launched Sept. 12, 1959) was the first spacecraft to strike the Moon, and Luna 3 (Oct. 4, 1959) made the first circumnavigation of the Moon and returned the first photographs of its far side. Luna 9 (Jan. 31, 1966) made the first successful lunar soft landing. Luna 16 (Sept. 12, 1970) was the first unmanned spacecraft to carry lunar soil samples back to Earth. Luna 17 (Nov. 10, 1970) soft-landed a robot vehicle, Lunokhod 1, for exploration. It also contained television equipment, by means of which it transmitted live pictures of several kilometres of the Moon's surface. Luna 22 (May 29, 1974) orbited the Moon 2,842 times while conducting space research in its vicinity. Luna 24 (Aug. 9, 1976) returned with lunar soil samples taken from a depth of seven feet (about two metres) below the surface.


text:
~ Remembrance Day Poem ~
Grandpa pinned a pretty poppy
He always stands up straighter
When he wears that coat that way,
He was humming to his friends again so soft that no one hears,
But I think he knows I'm listening
And he lets me see his tears
He was talking to his friends today
I heard him when he prayed
Now were going to see them
At my Grandpa's big parade.
I sit high on Daddy's shoulders
And try to catch my Grandpa's eye
But he's looking at the Maple Leaf
And he salutes as he walks by.
I ask if I can meet his friends
So he takes me for a walk;
We kneel beside a list of names
All written on a rock.
He tells me they were left behind
In cold and distant rain
He can only talk to them in prayer
They can't come home again.
We had to pay the price, he says
To bring war to an end;
I think Freedom's pretty costly
If you have to pay with friends.
'Why did you do all that for me,
I wasn't born yet ?'
He held me close and whispered
'I don't want you to forget.'
'I did it for my Mom and Dad,'
Then his eyes began to water
'I did it for your Dad, and you
And for your son and daughter.'
So I'll always pin my poppy on,
Take my grand kids on parade;
Kneel underneath the Maple
To thank the friends my Grandpa
~ anonymous
On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, Canadians are asked to pause and remember the thousands of men and women who sacrificed their lives fighting for freedom and democracy during the First World War, the Second World War, the Korean War, the Afghanistan conflict and during peacekeeping missions. I am grateful for all those who have fought and those who continue to put their lives at risk each day so we feel a little more safe in the world. Each year we pause to watch the planes fly over to pay respects to all of those who have fought for our freedom, and each year it brings tears to my eyes. Today will be no different…
Thank you from the deepest part of my heart!


text:
Know Your Rights
Understanding Separated Rights
Answers to your questions, and then some.
Writers Guild of America West ©2000
Separated Rights is one of the most important, and perhaps least understood, areas of the WGA Basic Agreement. Due to the importance of Separated Rights, it is imperative that writers know and understand what these rights are and how they are obtained. As these are complex provisions, please read the entire guide and consult your own attorney or representative regarding Separated Rights and related issues. This guide is intended to provide writers with a clear, concise and easy to understand explanation of Separated Rights. This guide is not a substitute for the Guild's Basic Agreement or the applicable Credits Manuals. If you have questions, contact the Contracts Department at (323) 782-4501.
Download "Understanding Separated Rights" .
Addendum to "Understanding Separated Rights"
Theatrical Separated Rights
1. Who is entitled to Theatrical Separated Rights?
Initial Qualification
Final Qualification
2. What are the Theatrical Separated Rights?
Publication Rights
Dramatic Stage Rights
Sequel Payments
Mandatory Rewrite
Meeting With a Production Executive
3. What about Remakes and Merchandising
4. How do pre-existing characters affect these rights?
5. Are there separated rights in a true-life story?
6. What happens when writers share separated rights?
7. What is a Preliminary Determination for Theatrical Separation of Rights
Television Separated Rights
1. Who is entitled to television separated rights?
2. What are the television separated rights?
a. Television Rights
b. Reserved Rights
3. What happens when writers share separated rights?
4. What happens when there are no separated rights?
5. Are there separated rights in a true-life story?
Determining Separated Rights on a Television Series
1. "Created by" Credit Determination
2. What happens on Spin-Offs?
3. "Developed by" Credit Determination


text:
Register your product to gain access to bonus material or receive a coupon.
Cisco Press is the official publisher for the New CCENT Certification. The New Edition of this Best-Selling Official Cert Guide includes Updated Content, New Exercises, 400 Practice Questions, and 90 Minutes of Video Training -- PLUS the CCENT Network Simulator Lite Edition with lab exercises. The CCENT Certification is now the only prerequisite for the CCNA Routing and Switching, CCNA Voice, CCNA Wireless,CCNA Security and CCDA Certifications.
Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide from Cisco Press enables you to succeed on the exam the first time. Best-selling author and expert instructor Wendell Odom shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills.
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CCENT ICND1 Network Simulator Lite minimum system requirements:
Other applications installed during installation:
This volume is part of the Official Cert Guide series from Cisco Press. Books in this series provide officially developed exam preparation materials that offer assessment, review, and practice to help Cisco Career Certification candidates identify weaknesses, concentrate their study efforts, and enhance their confidence as exam day nears.
The 1 hour 14 minute presentation found at the following link was given by Wendell Odom to cover "Teaching the New CCENT ICND1 100-101 & CCNA ICND2 200-101 Exam Material." http://bit.ly/OdomCCENTCCNA
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What to Expect from Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices 1 (ICND1v2.0)
Cisco Press is the official publisher for the New CCENT Certification. The New Edition of this Best-Selling Official Cert Guide Premium Edition includes Updated Content, New Exercises, 500 Practice Questions, and 90 Minutes of Video Training -- PLUS the CCENT Network Simulator Lite Edition with 13 Free Network Simulator Labs.
The exciting new CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide, Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test is a digital-only certification preparation product combining an eBook with enhanced Pearson IT Certification Practice Test. The Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test contains the following items:
About the Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide eBook
The Cisco CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Official Cert Guide enables you to succeed on the exam the first time. Best-selling author and expert instructor Wendell Odom shares preparation hints and test-taking tips, helping you identify areas of weakness and improve both your conceptual knowledge and hands-on skills.
This complete study package includes
Go to the back pages of your eBook for instructions on how to access the Network Simulator Lite and personal video mentoring content.
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About the CCENT/CCNA ICND1 100-101 Network Simulator Lite Software
The CCENT Network Simulator Lite software, which simulates the experience of working on actual Cisco routers and switches, contains the following free simulator labs:
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2. Configuring IP Addresses II
3. Connected Routes
4. Static Routes I
5. Static Routes II
6. Subnet Zero
7. Loopback Interfaces
8. Subnet ID Calculation
9. IPv4 Address Rejection
10. IPv4 Route Selection
11. Subnetting and Addressing Configuration Scenario
12. Static Routing Configuration Scenario
13. Network Discovery Troubleshooting Scenario
Wendell Odom, CCIE® No. 1624, is the most respected author of Cisco networking books in the world. His past titles include books on the entry-level Cisco certifications (CCENT and CCNA), the more advanced CCNP, and the industry-renowned CCIE. His books are known for their technical depth and accuracy. Wendell has worked as a network engineer, consultant, instructor, course developer, and book author, and he has produced videos, software, and blogs related to Cisco certifications. His website, with links to various study tools and resources, is at www.certskills.com.
Pearson IT Certification Practice Test minimum system requirements:
Windows XP (SP3), Windows Vista (SP2), or Windows 7; Microsoft .NET Framework 4.0 Client; Microsoft SQL Server Compact 4.0; Pentium class 1GHz processor (or equivalent); 512 MB RAM; 650 MB disc space plus 50 MB for each downloaded practice exam
CCENT ICND1 Network Simulator Lite minimum system requirements:
Other applications installed during installation:
Cisco CCNA/CCENT ICND1 100-101 Exam Guide: Fundamentals of IP Version 6
Download the sample pages (includes Chapter 25 and Index)
Introduction xxxi
Getting Started 3
Part I: Networking Fundamentals 12
Chapter 1 The TCP/IP and OSI Networking Models 15
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 15
Foundation Topics 18
Perspectives on Networking 18
TCP/IP Networking Model 19
History Leading to TCP/IP 20
Overview of the TCP/IP Networking Model 21
TCP/IP Application Layer 23
HTTP Overview 23
HTTP Protocol Mechanisms 24
TCP/IP Transport Layer 25
TCP Error Recovery Basics 25
Same-Layer and Adjacent-Layer Interactions 26
TCP/IP Network Layer 26
Internet Protocol and the Postal Service 27
Internet Protocol Addressing Basics 28
IP Routing Basics 29
TCP/IP Link Layer (Data Link Plus Physical) 30
TCP/IP Model and Terminology 32
Comparing the Original and Modern TCP/IP Models 32
Data Encapsulation Terminology 32
Names of TCP/IP Messages 34
OSI Networking Model 34
Comparing OSI and TCP/IP 34
Describing Protocols by Referencing the OSI Layers 35
OSI Layers and Their Functions 36
OSI Layering Concepts and Benefits 37
OSI Encapsulation Terminology 38
Exam Preparation Tasks 40
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Ethernet LANs 43
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 43
Foundation Topics 46
An Overview of LANs 46
Typical SOHO LANs 46
Typical Enterprise LANs 47
The Variety of Ethernet Physical Layer Standards 48
Consistent Behavior over All Links Using the Ethernet Data Link Layer 49
Building Physical Ethernet Networks with UTP 50
Transmitting Data Using Twisted Pairs 50
Breaking Down a UTP Ethernet Link 51
UTP Cabling Pinouts for 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T 53
Straight-Through Cable Pinout 54
Crossover Cable Pinout 55
Choosing the Right Cable Pinouts 56
UTP Cabling Pinouts for 1000BASE-T 57
Sending Data in Ethernet Networks 57
Ethernet Data Link Protocols 58
Ethernet Addressing 59
Identifying Network Layer Protocols with the Ethernet Type Field 60
Error Detection with FCS 61
Sending Ethernet Frames with Switches and Hubs 62
Sending in Modern Ethernet LANs Using Full-Duplex 62
Using Half-Duplex with LAN Hubs 63
Exam Preparation Tasks 65
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of WANs 67
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 67
Foundation Topics 70
Leased Line WANs 70
Positioning Leased Lines with LANs and Routers 70
Physical Details of Leased Lines 71
Leased Line Cabling 72
Building a WAN Link in a Lab 73
Data Link Details of Leased Lines 74
HDLC Basics 74
How Routers Use a WAN Data Link 75
Ethernet as a WAN Technology 77
Ethernet WANs that Create a Layer 2 Service 78
How Routers Route IP Packets Using Ethernet Emulation 79
Accessing the Internet 80
The Internet as a Large WAN 80
Internet Access (WAN) Links 81
Digital Subscriber Line 82
Cable Internet 84
Exam Preparation Tasks 86
Chapter 4 Fundamentals of IPv4 Addressing and Routing 89
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 89
Foundation Topics 92
Overview of Network Layer Functions 92
Network Layer Routing (Forwarding) Logic 92
Host Forwarding Logic: Send the Packet to the Default Router 93
R1 and R2's Logic: Routing Data Across the Network 94
R3's Logic: Delivering Data to the End Destination 94
How Network Layer Routing Uses LANs and WANs 94
IP Addressing and How Addressing Helps IP Routing 95
Routing Protocols 97
IPv4 Addressing 97
Rules for IP Addresses 98
Rules for Grouping IP Addresses 98
Class A, B, and C IP Networks 99
The Actual Class A, B, and C IP Networks 101
IP Subnetting 103
IPv4 Routing 105
IPv4 Host Routing 105
Router Forwarding Decisions and the IP Routing Table 106
A Summary of Router Forwarding Logic 106
A Detailed Routing Example 107
IPv4 Routing Protocols 109
Other Network Layer Features 111
Using Names and the Domain Name System 111
The Address Resolution Protocol 112
ICMP Echo and the ping Command 113
Exam Preparation Tasks 115
Chapter 5 Fundamentals of TCP/IP Transport and Applications 117
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 117
Foundation Topics 120
TCP/IP Layer 4 Protocols: TCP and UDP 120
Transmission Control Protocol 121
Multiplexing Using TCP Port Numbers 122
Popular TCP/IP Applications 125
Connection Establishment and Termination 126
User Datagram Protocol 127
TCP/IP Applications 128
QoS Needs and the Impact of TCP/IP Applications 128
Defining Interactive and Batch Applications 129
Real-Time Voice and Video Applications 129
The World Wide Web, HTTP, and SSL 130
Uniform Resource Locators 131
Finding the Web Server Using DNS 131
Transferring Files with HTTP 133
Exam Preparation Tasks 135
Part I Review 136
Part II: Ethernet LANs and Switches 140
Chapter 6 Building Ethernet LANs with Switches 143
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 143
Foundation Topics 146
LAN Switching Concepts 146
Historical Progression: Hubs, Bridges, and Switches 146
Switching Logic 148
The Forward-Versus-Filter Decision 149
How Switches Learn MAC Addresses 150
Flooding Frames 151
Avoiding Loops Using Spanning Tree Protocol 152
Internal Processing on Cisco Switches 153
LAN Switching Summary 154
Design Choices in Ethernet LANs 155
Collision Domains, Broadcast Domains, and VLANs 155
Collision Domains 155
Broadcast Domains 156
The Impact of Collision and Broadcast Domains on LAN Design 157
Virtual LANs (VLAN) 158
Choosing Ethernet Technology for a Campus LAN 159
Campus Design Terminology 160
Ethernet LAN Media and Cable Lengths 161
Autonegotiation 162
Autonegotiation Results When Only One Node Uses Autonegotiation 164
Autonegotiation and LAN Hubs 165
Exam Preparation Tasks 166
Chapter 7 Installing and Operating Cisco LAN Switches 169
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 169
Foundation Topics 172
Accessing the Cisco Catalyst 2960 Switch CLI 172
Cisco Catalyst Switches and the 2960 Switch 172
Switch Status from LEDs 173
Accessing the Cisco IOS CLI 176
Cabling the Console Connection 176
Configuring the Terminal Emulator for the Console 177
Accessing the CLI with Telnet and SSH 179
Password Security for CLI Access 179
User and Enable (Privileged) Modes 180
CLI Help Features 182
The debugand showCommands 184
Configuring Cisco IOS Software 185
Configuration Submodes and Contexts 185
Storing Switch Configuration Files 187
Copying and Erasing Configuration Files 190
Initial Configuration (Setup Mode) 191
IOS Version and Other Reload Facts 192
Exam Preparation Tasks 195
Review All the Key Topics 195
Chapter 8 Configuring Ethernet Switching 199
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 199
Foundation Topics 202
Configuration of Features in Common with Routers 202
Securing the Switch CLI 202
Securing Access with Simple Passwords 203
Securing Access with Local Usernames and Passwords 206
Securing Access with External Authentication Servers 207
Configuring Secure Shell (SSH) 207
Encrypting and Hiding Passwords 210
Encrypting Passwords with the service password Command 210
Hiding the Enable Password 212
Hiding the Passwords for Local Usernames 214
Console and vty Settings 214
Banners 214
History Buffer Commands 216
The logging synchronous and exec-timeout Commands 216
LAN Switch Configuration and Operation 217
Enabling IP for Remote Access 217
Configuring IPv4 on a Switch 219
Verifying IPv4 on a Switch 220
Configuring Switch Interfaces 221
Port Security 223
Configuring Port Security 224
Verifying Port Security 226
Port Security Actions 227
Securing Unused Switch Interfaces 228
Exam Preparation Tasks 229
Chapter 9 Implementing Ethernet Virtual LANs 235
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 235
Foundation Topics 238
Virtual LAN Concepts 238
Creating Multiswitch VLANs Using Trunking 239
VLAN Tagging Concepts 240
The 802.1Q and ISL VLAN Trunking Protocols 241
Forwarding Data Between VLANs 242
Routing Packets Between VLANs with a Router 243
Routing Packets with a Layer 3 Switch 245
VLAN and VLAN Trunking Configuration and Verification 246
Creating VLANs and Assigning Access VLANs to an Interface 246
VLAN Configuration Example 1: Full VLAN Configuration 247
VLAN Configuration Example 2: Shorter VLAN Configuration 250
VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 251
VLAN Trunking Configuration 252
Controlling Which VLANs Can Be Supported on a Trunk 257
Exam Preparation Tasks 260
Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Ethernet LANs 265
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 265
Foundation Topics 269
Perspectives on Network Verification and Troubleshooting 269
Preparing to Use an Organized Troubleshooting Process 269
Troubleshooting as Covered in This Book 272
Analyzing LAN Topology Using Cisco Discovery Protocol 272
Examining Information Learned by CDP 273
Examining the Status of the CDP Protocols 276
Analyzing Switch Interface Status 277
Interface Status Codes and Reasons for Nonworking States 277
Interface Speed and Duplex Issues 279
Common Layer 1 Problems on Working Interfaces 282
Predicting Where Switches Will Forward Frames 284
Predicting the Contents of the MAC Address Table 284
Analyzing the Forwarding Path 286
Port Security and Filtering 287
Analyzing VLANs and VLAN Trunks 288
Ensuring That the Right Access Interfaces Are in the Right VLANs 288
Access VLANs Not Being Defined 289
Access VLANs Being Disabled 290
Check the Allowed VLAN List on Both Ends of a Trunk 291
Mismatched Trunking Operational States 292
Exam Preparation Tasks 294
Part II Review 298
Part III: IP Version 4 Addressing and Subnetting 302
Chapter 11 Perspectives on IPv4 Subnetting 305
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 305
Foundation Topics 308
Introduction to Subnetting 308
Subnetting Defined Through a Simple Example 308
Operational View Versus Design View of Subnetting 309
Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs 310
Rules About Which Hosts Are in Which Subnet 310
Determining the Number of Subnets 311
Determining the Number of Hosts per Subnet 313
One Size Subnet Fits All–Or Not 314
Defining the Size of a Subnet 314
One Size Subnet Fits All 315
Multiple Subnet Sizes (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) 316
This Book: One Size Subnet Fits All (Mostly) 316
Make Design Choices 317
Choose a Classful Network 317
Public IP Networks 317
Growth Exhausts the Public IP Address Space 318
Private IP Networks 319
Choosing an IP Network During the Design Phase 320
Choose the Mask 320
Classful IP Networks Before Subnetting 321
Borrowing Host Bits to Create Subnet Bits 321
Choosing Enough Subnet and Host Bits 322
Example Design: 172.16.0.0, 200 Subnets, 200 Hosts 323
Masks and Mask Formats 324
Build a List of All Subnets 325
Plan the Implementation 326
Assigning Subnets to Different Locations 327
Choose Static and Dynamic Ranges per Subnet 328
Exam Preparation Tasks 329
Chapter 12 Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks 331
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 331
Foundation Topics 334
Classful Network Concepts 334
IPv4 Network Classes and Related Facts 334
Actual Class A, B, and C Networks 335
Address Formats 336
Default Masks 337
Number of Hosts per Network 337
Deriving the Network ID and Related Numbers 338
Unusual Network IDs and Network Broadcast Addresses 340
Practice with Classful Networks 341
Practice Deriving Key Facts Based on an IP Address 341
Practice Remembering the Details of Address Classes 342
Additional Practice 343
Exam Preparation Tasks 344
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 345
Chapter 13 Analyzing Subnet Masks 349
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 349
Foundation Topics 352
Subnet Mask Conversion 352
Three Mask Formats 352
Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks 353
Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks 354
Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks 356
Practice Converting Subnet Masks 357
Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks 358
Masks Divide the Subnet's Addresses into Two Parts 359
Masks and Class Divide Addresses into Three Parts 360
Classless and Classful Addressing 361
Calculations Based on the IPv4 Address Format 361
Practice Analyzing Subnet Masks 363
Exam Preparation Tasks 365
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 366
Chapter 14 Analyzing Existing Subnets 369
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 369
Foundation Topics 372
Defining a Subnet 372
An Example with Network 172.16.0.0 and Four Subnets 372
Subnet ID Concepts 374
Subnet Broadcast Address 375
Range of Usable Addresses 375
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Binary 376
Finding the Subnet ID: Binary 376
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Binary 378
Binary Practice Problems 379
Shortcut for the Binary Process 380
Brief Note About Boolean Math 382
Finding the Range of Addresses 382
Analyzing Existing Subnets: Decimal 382
Analysis with Easy Masks 383
Predictability in the Interesting Octet 384
Finding the Subnet ID: Difficult Masks 385
Resident Subnet Example 1 386
Resident Subnet Example 2 387
Resident Subnet Practice Problems 387
Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address: Difficult Masks 388
Subnet Broadcast Example 1 388
Subnet Broadcast Example 2 389
Subnet Broadcast Address Practice Problems 390
Practice Analyzing Existing Subnets 390
A Choice: Memorize or Calculate 390
Additional Practice 391
Exam Preparation Tasks 392
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 393
Part III Review 396
Part IV: Implementing IP Version 4 400
Chapter 15 Operating Cisco Routers 403
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 403
Foundation Topics 406
Installing Cisco Routers 406
Installing Enterprise Routers 406
Cisco Integrated Services Routers 408
Physical Installation 409
Installing Internet Access Routers 409
A SOHO Installation with a Separate Switch, Router, and Cable Modem 409
A SOHO Installation with an Integrated Switch, Router, and DSL Modem 411
Enabling IPv4 Support on Cisco Routers 411
Comparisons Between the Switch CLI and Router CLI 412
Router Interfaces 413
Interface Status Codes 414
Router Interface IP Addresses 415
Bandwidth and Clock Rate on Serial Interfaces 417
Router Auxiliary (Aux) Port 419
Operational Status with the show version Command 419
Exam Preparation Tasks 421
Chapter 16 Configuring IPv4 Addresses and Routes 425
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 425
Foundation Topics 428
IP Routing 428
IPv4 Routing Process Reference 428
An Example of IP Routing 431
Host Forwards the IP Packet to the Default Router (Gateway) 432
Routing Step 1: Decide Whether to Process the Incoming Frame 432
Routing Step 2: Deencapsulation of the IP Packet 433
Routing Step 3: Choosing Where to Forward the Packet 433
Routing Step 4: Encapsulating the Packet in a New Frame 434
Routing Step 5: Transmitting the Frame 435
Internal Processing on Cisco Routers 436
Potential Routing Performance Issues 436
Cisco Router Fast Switching and CEF 436
Configuring Connected Routes 437
Connected Routes and the ip address Command 438
Routing Between Subnets on VLANs 439
Configuring Routing to VLANs using 802.1Q on Routers 440
Configuring Routing to VLANs Using a Layer 3 Switch 444
Secondary IP Addressing 446
Supporting Connected Routes to Subnet Zero 448
Configuring Static Routes 449
Static Route Configuration 449
Static Default Routes 451
Exam Preparation Tasks 454
Chapter 17 Learning IPv4 Routes with OSPFv2 459
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 459
Foundation Topics 462
Comparing Dynamic Routing Protocol Features 462
Routing Protocol Functions 462
Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols 464
Comparing IGPs 465
IGP Routing Protocol Algorithms 465
Metrics 466
Other IGP Comparisons 467
Administrative Distance 468
Understanding the OSPF Link-State Routing Protocol 469
Building the LSDB and Creating IP Routes 470
Topology Information and LSAs 470
Applying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best Routes 471
Using OSPF Neighbor Relationships 472
The Basics of OSPF Neighbors 472
Meeting Neighbors and Learning Their Router ID 472
Scaling OSPF Through Hierarchical Design 474
OSPF Configuration 476
OSPF Single-Area Configuration 477
Matching with the OSPF network Command 478
Verifying OSPF 480
Configuring the OSPF Router ID 483
Miscellaneous OSPF Configuration Settings 484
OSPF Passive Interfaces 484
OSPF Default Routes 486
Exam Preparation Tasks 488
Chapter 18 Configuring and Verifying Host Connectivity 493
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 493
Foundation Topics 496
Configuring Routers to Support DHCP 496
DHCP Protocol Messages and Addresses 496
Supporting DHCP for Remote Subnets with DHCP Relay 498
Information Stored at the DHCP Server 500
DHCP Server Configuration and Verification on Routers 501
IOS DHCP Server Configuration 501
IOS DHCP Server Verification 503
Detecting Conflicts with Offered Versus Used Addresses 504
Verifying Host IPv4 Settings 505
IP Address and Mask Configuration 505
Name Resolution with DNS 507
Default Routers 508
Testing Connectivity with ping, traceroute, and telnet 511
The ping Command 511
Testing IP Routes with ping on a Router 512
Controlling the Source IP Address with Extended ping 513
The traceroute Command 515
How the traceroute Command Works 516
traceroute and Similar Commands 518
Telnet and Suspend 519
Exam Preparation Tasks 523
Part IV Review 526
Part V: Advanced IPv4 Addressing Concepts 530
Chapter 19 Subnet Design 533
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 533
Foundation Topics 536
Choosing the Mask(s) to Meet Requirements 536
Review: Choosing the Minimum Number of Subnet and Host Bits 536
No Masks Meet Requirements 537
One Mask Meets Requirements 538
Multiple Masks Meet Requirements 539
Finding All the Masks: Concepts 539
Finding All the Masks: Math 541
Choosing the Best Mask 541
The Formal Process 542
Practice Choosing Subnet Masks 542
Practice Problems for Choosing a Subnet Mask 543
Additional Practice for Choosing the Subnet Mask 543
Finding All Subnet IDs 543
First Subnet ID: The Zero Subnet 544
Finding the Pattern Using the Magic Number 544
A Formal Process with Less Than 8 Subnet Bits 545
Example 1: Network 172.16.0.0, Mask 255.255.240.0 547
Example 2: Network 192.168.1.0, Mask 255.255.255.224 548
Finding All Subnets with Exactly 8 Subnet Bits 550
Finding All Subnets with More Than 8 Subnet Bits 550
Process with 9—16 Subnet Bits 550
Process with 17 or More Subnet Bits 552
Practice Finding All Subnet IDs 553
Practice Problems for Finding All Subnet IDs 554
Additional Practice for Finding All Subnet IDs 554
Exam Preparation Tasks 555
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 556
Chapter 20 Variable-Length Subnet Masks 561
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 561
Foundation Topics 563
VLSM Concepts and Configuration 563
Classless and Classful Routing Protocols 564
VLSM Configuration and Verification 564
Finding VLSM Overlaps 566
An Example of Finding a VLSM Overlap 566
Practice Finding VLSM Overlaps 568
Adding a New Subnet to an Existing VLSM Design 569
An Example of Adding a New VLSM Subnet 569
Practice Adding New VLSM Subnets 571
Exam Preparation Tasks 572
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 573
Chapter 21 Route Summarization 577
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 577
Foundation Topics 579
Manual Route Summarization Concepts 579
Route Summarization Basics 579
Route Summarization and the IPv4 Subnetting Plan 580
Verifying Manually Summarized Routes 581
Choosing the Best Summary Routes 582
The Process to Find the Best Summary Route 583
Sample "Best" Summary on Router R3 584
Sample "Best" Summary on Router R2 585
Practice Choosing the Best Summary Routes 586
Exam Preparation Tasks 587
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 588
Part V Review 592
Part VI: IPv4 Services 596
Chapter 22 Basic IPv4 Access Control Lists 599
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 599
Foundation Topics 602
IPv4 Access Control List Basics 602
ACL Location and Direction 602
Matching Packets 603
Taking Action When a Match Occurs 604
Types of IP ACLs 604
Standard Numbered IPv4 ACLs 605
List Logic with IP ACLs 605
Matching Logic and Command Syntax 607
Matching the Exact IP Address 607
Matching a Subset of the Address with Wildcards 607
Binary Wildcard Masks 609
Finding the Right Wildcard Mask to Match a Subnet 610
Matching Any/All Addresses 610
Implementing Standard IP ACLs 610
Standard Numbered ACL Example 1 611
Standard Numbered ACL Example 2 613
Troubleshooting and Verification Tips 614
Practice Applying Standard IP ACLs 616
Practice Building access-list Commands 616
Reverse Engineering from ACL to Address Range 617
Exam Preparation Tasks 619
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 621
Chapter 23 Advanced IPv4 ACLs and Device Security 623
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 623
Foundation Topics 626
Extended Numbered IP Access Control Lists 626
Matching the Protocol, Source IP, and Destination IP 626
Matching TCP and UDP Port Numbers 628
Extended IP ACL Configuration 631
Extended IP Access Lists: Example 1 631
Extended IP Access Lists: Example 2 633
Practice Building access-list Commands 634
Named ACLs and ACL Editing 635
Named IP Access Lists 635
Editing ACLs Using Sequence Numbers 637
Numbered ACL Configuration Versus Named ACL Configuration 640
Router and Switch Security 641
Review: Password Protections for the CLI 641
Disable Services 642
Controlling Telnet and SSH Access with ACLs 643
ACL Implementation Considerations 644
Network Time Protocol 645
Exam Preparation Tasks 648
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 651
Chapter 24 Network Address Translation 653
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 653
Foundation Topics 656
Perspectives on IPv4 Address Scalability 656
Route Aggregation for Shorter Routing Tables 657
IPv4 Address Conservation 658
Private Addressing 658
Network Address Translation Concepts 659
Static NAT 659
Dynamic NAT 662
Overloading NAT with Port Address Translation (PAT) 663
NAT Overload (PAT) on Consumer Routers 665
NAT Configuration and Troubleshooting 666
Static NAT Configuration 666
Dynamic NAT Configuration 668
Dynamic NAT Verification 670
NAT Overload (PAT) Configuration 673
NAT Troubleshooting 676
Exam Preparation Tasks 678
Part VI Review 680
Part VII: IP Version 6 684
Chapter 25 Fundamentals of IP Version 6 687
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 687
Foundation Topics 690
Introduction to IPv6 690
The Historical Reasons for IPv6 690
The IPv6 Protocols 692
IPv6 Routing 693
IPv6 Routing Protocols 695
IPv6 Addressing Formats and Conventions 696
Representing Full (Unabbreviated) IPv6 Addresses 697
Abbreviating and Expanding IPv6 Addresses 697
Abbreviating IPv6 Addresses 698
Expanding Abbreviated IPv6 Addresses 699
Representing the Prefix Length of an Address 700
Calculating the IPv6 Prefix (Subnet ID) 700
Finding the IPv6 Prefix 700
Working with More Difficult IPv6 Prefix Lengths 702
Exam Preparation Tasks 704
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 705
Chapter 26 IPv6 Addressing and Subnetting 709
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 709
Foundation Topics 712
Global Unicast Addressing Concepts 712
A Brief Review of Public and Private IPv4 Addresses 712
Review of Public IPv4 Addressing Concepts 712
Review of Private IPv4 Addressing Concepts 714
Public and Private IPv6 Addresses 715
The IPv6 Global Routing Prefix 716
Address Ranges for Global Unicast Addresses 718
IPv6 Subnetting Using Global Unicast Addresses 718
Deciding Where IPv6 Subnets Are Needed 719
The Mechanics of Subnetting IPv6 Global Unicast Addresses 719
Listing the IPv6 Subnet Identifier 722
List All IPv6 Subnets 722
Assign Subnets to the Internetwork Topology 723
Assigning Addresses to Hosts in a Subnet 723
Unique Local Unicast Addresses 724
Subnetting with Unique Local IPv6 Addresses 725
The Need for Globally Unique Local Addresses 726
Exam Preparation Tasks 728
Chapter 27 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers 731
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 731
Foundation Topics 734
Implementing Unicast IPv6 Addresses on Routers 734
Static Unicast Address Configuration 735
Configuring the Full 128-Bit Address 735
Enabling IPv6 Routing 736
Verifying the IPv6 Address Configuration 737
Generating a Unique Interface ID Using EUI-64 739
Dynamic Unicast Address Configuration 742
Special Addresses Used by Routers 743
Link-Local Addresses 744
Link-Local Address Concepts 744
Creating Link-Local Addresses on Routers 745
IPv6 Multicast Addresses 746
Broadcasts Versus Multicasts 746
Common Local Scope Multicast Addresses 747
Solicited-Node Multicast Addresses 748
Miscellaneous IPv6 Addresses 749
Exam Preparation Tasks 751
Answers to Earlier Practice Problems 753
Chapter 28 Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Hosts 755
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 755
Foundation Topics 758
The Neighbor Discovery Protocol 758
Discovering Routers with NDP RS and RA 759
Discovering Addressing Info for SLAAC with NDP RS and RA 760
Discovering Neighbor Link Addresses with NDP NS and NA 760
Discovering Duplicate Addresses Using NDP NS and NA 762
NDP Summary 763
Dynamic Configuration of Host IPv6 Settings 763
Dynamic Configuration Using Stateful DHCP and NDP 763
Differences Between DHCPv6 and DHCPv4 764
DHCPv6 Relay Agents 765
Using Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 767
Building an IPv6 Address Using SLAAC 767
Combining SLAAC with NDP and Stateless DHCP 768
Verification of Host IPv6 Connectivity 769
Verifying Host IPv6 Connectivity from Hosts 769
Verifying Host Connectivity from Nearby Routers 772
Exam Preparation Tasks 776
Chapter 29 Implementing IPv6 Routing 779
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz 779
Foundation Topics 782
Connected and Local IPv6 Routes 782
Rules for Connected and Local Routes 782
Example of Connected IPv6 Routes 783
Examples of Local IPv6 Routes 785
Static IPv6 Routes 785
Static Routes Using the Outgoing Interface 786
Static Routes Using Next-Hop IPv6 Address 787
Example Static Route with a Global Unicast Next-Hop Address 788
Example Static Route with a Link-Local Next-Hop Address 788
Static Default Routes 790
Dynamic Routes with OSPFv3 791
Comparing OSPF for IPv4 and IPv6 791
OSPF Routing Protocol Versions and Protocols 791
Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 793
Configuring Single-Area OSPFv3 794
OSPFv3 Single-Area Configuration Example 796
OSPFv3 Passive Interfaces 798
Verifying OSPFv3 Status and Routes 798
Verifying OSPFv3 Configuration Settings 799
Verifying OSPFv3 Neighbors 801
Examining the OSPFv3 Database 803
Examining IPv6 Routes Learned by OSPFv3 803
Exam Preparation Tasks 805
Part VII Review 808
Part VIII: Final Review 812
Chapter 30 Final Review 815
Advice About the Exam Event 815
Learn the Question Types Using the Cisco Certification Exam Tutorial 815
Think About Your Time Budget Versus Numbers of Questions 816
A Suggested Time-Check Method 817
Miscellaneous Pre-Exam Suggestions 818
Exam-Day Advice 818
Exam Review 819
Practice Subnetting and Other Math-Related Skills 819
Take Practice Exams 821
Practicing Taking the ICND1 Exam 822
Practicing Taking the CCNA Exam 823
Advice on How to Answer Exam Questions 824
Taking Other Practice Exams 825
Find Knowledge Gaps Through Question Review 826
Practice Hands-On CLI Skills 829
Review Mind Maps from Part Review 829
Do Labs 829
Other Study Tasks 830
Final Thoughts 831
Part IX: Appendixes 832
Appendix A Numeric Reference Tables 835
Appendix B ICND1 Exam Upd ates 841
Glossary 843
DVD-only Appendixes
Appendix C: Answers to the "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes
Appendix D: Practice for Chapter 12: Analyzing Classful IPv4 Networks
Appendix E: Practice for Chapter 13: Analyzing Subnet Masks
Appendix F: Practice for Chapter 14: Analyzing Existing Subnets
Appendix G: Practice for Chapter 19: Subnet Design
Appendix H: Practice for Chapter 20: Variable-Length Subnet Masks
Appendix I: Practice for Chapter 21: Route Summarization
Appendix J: Practice for Chapter 22: Basic IPv4 Access Control Lists
Appendix K: Practice for Chapter 25: Fundamentals of IP Version 6
Appendix L: Practice for Chapter 27: Implementing IPv6 Addressing on Routers
Appendix M: Memory Tables
Appendix N: Memory Tables Answer Key
Appendix O: Mind Map Solutions
Appendix P: Study Planner


text:
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text:
If you drop a glass cup on the ground, it will break and shatter into pieces. This happens all the time and is consistent with quantum mechanics. But it never happens that a shattered glass cup rearranges itself from the ground into someone's hand as a whole glass cup, even though this is also consistent with quantum mechanics. We see from this example that not everything that is consistent with quantum mechanics is possible.
As far as I know, scalable quantum computing has never been demonstrated either backwards in time or forwards in time. So a fortiori, I would think that this would be good enough evidence to suggest that scalable quantum computing is impossible. Yet, some physicists believe that scalable quantum computing is still possible. Why?


text:
NEW YORK, Feb. 19 (UPI) -- Alex Galchenyuk netted the game-winning goal in the third period Tuesday and Montreal stayed hot with a 3-1 win over the New York Rangers.
Rookie Galchenyuk -- the third overall pick of the 2012 draft -- got his second career goal less than 2 minutes into the final frame to break a 1-1 tie.
Max Pacioretty also scored and Raphael Diaz added an empty-netter as the Northeast Division-leading Canadiens racked up their fifth straight win.
Carey Price earned the victory with 24 saves.
Anton Stralman scored for the Rangers, who were playing without star Rick Nash. The high-scoring forward was scratched before the game with an unspecified injury.
Henrik Lundqvist turned aside 15-of-17 shots as New York suffered its first regulation loss in six games.


text:
World Habitat Award 2006 for Aga Khan Planning and Building Services
Naples, Italy, 2 October 2006 - Princess Zahra Aga Khan accepted a World Habitat Award today on behalf of the Aga Khan Planning and Building Service (AKPBS). AKPBS was cited for its efforts to improve housing conditions in Pakistan through its Building and Construction Improvement Programme (BACIP). The World Habitat Awards are presented each year by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) on World Habitat Day, which will be held this year in Naples on 2 October. Projects nominated for the award must demonstrate practical, innovative and sustainable solutions to current housing issues faced by countries of the South and North. These solutions must be replicable in a variety of environments. AKPBS has developed over 60 low-cost, seismic-resistant, energy- and resource-efficient housing construction methods and standards. These range from smoke-free stoves and screened kitchen cabinets for storing food to water heaters and ventilation systems. Many of these products and low-cost technologies are designed to address the prevailing housing conditions in poor areas of the developing world. These include rooms that are dark, damp, dusty, poorly constructed and susceptible to earthquake damage. They often lack proper ventilation for wood fires, which then leads to acute respiratory disease, pneumonia and eye conditions. The excessive use of wood for cooking, heating and construction also results in high levels of deforestation and a loss of biodiversity. The complex problem is made more difficult by the general lack of construction skills and limited natural resources. The objectives of the Aga Khan Planning and Building Service have been inspired by His Highness the Aga Khan's philosophy that "a proper home can provide the bridge across that terrible gulf between poverty and a better future". The BACIP products and techniques are therefore designed to bring about incremental improvements in housing that eventually combine to have a significant impact on individual health and the overall quality of life. The Programme has created a self-sustaining industry in low-cost home improvement. Community members identify the need for new products, provide feedback on existing products, raise awareness of problems such as respiratory illnesses caused by smoke from cooking fires, market the products and manage the programme. The products are built and sold by local entrepreneurs. Since 1997, AKPBS has trained over 200 entrepreneurs and artisans, who have in turn sold over 14,000 house improvement products. The Aga Khan Agency for Microfinance, a sister agency, now offers small loans to help poor people finance housing improvements. BACIP has been replicated in both high mountain zones and coastal plains. The Aga Khan Planning and Building Service was established in 1980 as an agency of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN). The agency's mandate is to plan and implement infrastructure and technology-related development initiatives to improve the built environment and to enhance living conditions for the most vulnerable and disadvantaged populations. It does this by providing material, technical assistance and applied research, as well as planning and construction management services for communities in both rural and urban areas. In March this year, the Aga Khan Planning and Building Service received the US $1 million Alcan Prize for Sustainability for its efforts to improve housing conditions as well as water and sanitation facilities in Pakistan. Established in 1985 by the Building and Social Housing Foundation (BSHF) as part of its contribution to the United Nations International Year of Shelter for the Homeless, the World Habitat Awards focuses attention on the importance of shelter in people's lives. Two awards are given annually to projects that provide practical and innovative solutions to current housing needs and problems. Every year a prize of UK £10,000 is presented to each of the two winners at the annual United Nations global celebration of World Habitat Day. For more information, please contact: Aga Khan Planning and Building Service, Pakistan Mr. Asif Merchant, Chief Executive Officer 310-31, 3rd Floor, Kassam Court, BC-9, Block S Clifton, Karachi-75600 Pakistan Tel: + 92 21 536 1802 Fax: + 92 21 536 1807 E-mail: email@example.com Website: www.akdn.org/akpbs.html Notes: Princess Zahra is the Head of the Social Welfare Department (SWD) located within the Secretariat of the Aga Khan in France. She has policy and management responsibility for the health, education, and planning and building services of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN). She also has a key role in policy and strategy matters relating to the other social development institutions of the Network. These include the programmatic activities of the Aga Khan Foundation in the fifteen countries in which it operates, and new developments at the Aga Khan University. Aga Khan Planning and Building Service, Pakistan, which is non-profit and non-denominational, has been working to improve the built environment in Pakistan since 1980. Its areas of focus include housing design and construction, institutional construction management, village planning, natural hazard mitigation, water supply and sanitation, and improved indoor living conditions for the most disadvantaged members of society. AKPBS, P achieves its goals by providing material and technical expertise and training to rural and urban areas. Currently, AKPBS, P is focusing on developing technology related to earthquake-resistant buildings, solar energy use, thermal efficiency, village planning, and other quality-of-life issues. The Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) was founded by His Highness the Aga Khan, 49th Hereditary Imam (spiritual leader) of the Ismaili Muslims. It is a group of private, non-denominational development agencies working to empower communities and individuals to improve living conditions and opportunities, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, Central and South Asia, and the Middle East. The Network's nine development agencies focus on social, cultural and economic development for all citizens, regardless of faith, origin or gender.
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Glossary of Hiking Terms Squamish Hiking Terms
Ablation Zone: the annual loss of snow and ice from a glacier as a result of melting, evaporation, iceberg calving, and sublimation which exceeds the accumulation of snow and ice. Located below the firn line. Firn originated from Swiss German and means "last year's snow". It has been compacted and recrystallized making it harder and more compact than snow, though less compact than glacial ice. An excellent place to see an ablation zone is Wedgemount Lake in Garibaldi Provincial Park in Whistler. The Wedgemount Glacier has been receding for decades. In the 1970's the glacier terminated with a steep and vertical wall of ice at the shores of Wedgemount Lake. Today the glacier terminates a couple hundred metres above Wedgemount Lake.
Accumulation Zone: the area where snow accumulations exceeds melt, located above the firn line. Snowfall accumulates faster than melting, evaporation and sublimation removes it. Glaciers can be shown simply as having two zones. The accumulation zone and the ablation zone. Separated by the glacier equilibrium line, these two zones comprise the areas of net annual gain and net annual loss of snow/ice. The accumulation zone stretches from the higher elevations and pushes down, eventually reaching the ablation zone near the terminus of the glacier where the net loss of snow/ice exceeds the gain. The Wedgemount Glacier in Garibaldi Provincial Park in Whistler is an ideal place to see an accumulation zone up close. From across Wedgemount Lake you can see the overall picture of both the accumulation zone and ablation zone of a glacier. The Wedgemount Glacier is also relatively easy and safe to examine closely and hike onto. The left side of the glacier is frequented in the summer and fall months by hikers on their way to Wedge Mountain and Mount Weart.
Aiguille: a tall, narrow, characteristically distinct spire of rock. From the French word for "needle". Used extensively as part of the names for many peaks in the French Alps. Around Whistler in the alpine you will find several distinct aiguilles. Black Tusk in Garibaldi Provincial Park could be called an aiguille, however its long and prominent history has given it another descriptive term of "tusk". You will find aiguilles on many hikes in British Columbia.
Alpine Zone or Alpine Tundra: the area above the treeline, often characterized by stunted, sparse forests of krummholz and pristine, turquoise lakes. The Sproatt alpine is an excellent example of an alpine zone in Whistler. Dozens of alpine lakes, rugged and rocky terrain and hardy krummholz trees everywhere you look. The hostile, cold and windy climate in the alpine zones around Whistler make tree growth difficult. Added to that, the alpine areas are snow covered the majority of the year. Other good places to explore alpine zones in Whistler are Wedgemount Lake, Blackcomb Mountain, Whistler Mountain, Black Tusk and Callaghan Lake.
Arête: a thin ridge of rock formed by two glaciers parallel to each other. Sometimes formed from two cirques meeting. From the French for edge or ridge. Around Whistler and in Garibaldi Provincial Park you will see dozens of excellent examples. Below Russet Lake in Whistler, the glacier at the bottom of the valley, below the lake has a wonderful example of an arête. The far side of Mount Price, near Garibaldi Lake also has an enormous arête. The Wedge-Weart Col beyond Wedgemount Lake is a prominent arête to the summit of Wedge Mountain.
Backshore: the area of the shoreline acted upon by waves only during severe storms. The West Coast Trail on Vancouver Island runs for much of its 77 kilometre length along a very distinct backshore route. Often visible are signs of winter storms that have recently dislodged enormous trees from the rugged coastline. A backshore can range from as little as a few centimetres high to hundreds of metres high. The backshore route along the West Coast Trail is often as subtle as a sandy beach edged by a slightly higher border of grass and forest. Other areas of the trail the backshore is a vertical, solid rock cliff with crashing waves cutting into it far below.
Bar: A ridge of sand or gravel in shallow water built by waves and currents. Tsusiat Falls along the West Coast Trail on Vancouver Island has an excellent example of a bar. An enormous and ever changing sand bar created from the waterfall meeting the Pacific Ocean. Often this bar is a dozen metres high and 400 metres long as it runs parallel to the ocean before flowing into it. Similar to a barrier beach, however a bar is more pliable and recent than a barrier beach, which tends to have long-term plant growth on it.
Barrier Beach or Island: a land form parallel to the shoreline, above the normal high water level. Characteristically linear in shape, a barrier beach extends into a body of water. In Garibaldi Provincial Park at Garibaldi Lake there is an excellent example a barrier beach leading toward the Battleship Islands. The West Coast Trail has an ever-moving barrier beach at the famous Tsusiat Falls camping area. The broad falls cascade off a sheer cliff and cut a constantly changing path to the ocean. The barrier beach can only be reached by a precarious log crossing or by wading across the rushing flow of water. A barrier island can be quite beautiful. An excellent example is Sea Lion Haul Out Rock along the West Coast Trail. This enormous, flat topped, solid rock barrier island sits just a few dozen metres from the trail. Hundreds of sea lions make their home here and provide a constant show for passing hikers.
Bench: a flat section in steep terrain. Characteristically narrow, flat or gently sloping with steep or vertical slopes on either side. A bench can be formed by various geological processes. Natural erosion of a landscape often results in a bench being formed out of a hard strip of rock edged by softer, sedimentary rock. The softer rock erodes over time, leaving a narrow strip of rock resulting in a bench. Coastal benches form out of continuous wave erosion of a coastline. Cutting away at a coastline can result in vertical cliffs dozens or hundreds of metres high with a distinct bench form. Often a bench takes the form of a long, flat top ridge. Panorama Ridge in Garibaldi Park is an excellent example of a bench. The Musical Bumps trail on Whistler Mountain is another good example of bench formations. Each "bump" along the Musical Bumps trail is effectively a bench.
Bergschrund or abbreviated schrund: a crevasse that forms from the separation of moving glacier ice from the stagnant ice above. Characterized by a deep cut, horizontal, along a steep slope. Often extending extremely deep, over 100 metres down to bedrock. Extremely dangerous as they are filled in winter by avalanches and gradually open in the summer. The Wedge glacier at Wedgemount Lake is a great and relatively safe way to view bergschrund near Whistler. At the far end of Wedgemount Lake the beautiful glacier window can be seen with water flowing down into the lake. From the scree field below the glacier you can see the crumbling bergschrund separate and fall away from the glacier. Up on the glacier you fill find several crevasses. Many are just a few centimetres wide, though several metres deep. Hiking along the left side of the glacier is relatively safe, however the right size of the glacier is extremely dangerous as the bergschrund vary in width and can be measure only in metres instead of centimetres. Hikers venturing up the glacier are advised to keep far to the left or only at the safe, lower edges near the glacier window.
Bivouac or Bivy: a primitive campsite or simple, flat area where camping is possible. Often used to refer to a very primitive campsite comprised of natural materials found on site such as leaves and branches. Often used interchangeably with the word camp, however, bivouac implies a shorter, quicker and much more basic camp setup. For example, at the Taylor Meadows campground in Garibaldi Park, camping is the appropriately used term to describe sleeping there at night. If instead you plan to sleep on the summit of Black Tusk, bivouacking would be more accurately used. In the warm summer months around Whistler you will find people bivouacking under the stars with just a sleeping bag. The wonderful, wooden tent platforms at Wedgemount Lake are ideal for this.
The image above is bivouacking along the Flank Trail in the Winter. The image below is of Bivouac Island, Callaghan Lake. More free places to bivouac in and around Whistler, click here.
: a term popularly used in Canada and the United States to refer to hiking off-trail where no trail exists. Literally means 'bush' and 'whack'. To make your own trail through the forest by whacking or cutting your way through. Often used to plot a new trail and trail markers are used to mark various routes until a preferred route is found. In Whistler and Garibaldi Provincial Park, bushwhacking may also refer to an early season trail that is littered with fallen trees from winter storms. Existing trails can also become overgrown and require bushwhacking to navigate through. The Brew Lake trail in Whistler requires some bushwhacking for some of the overgrown trail. A bushwhacker is a term used to describe someone who spends a lot of time in the wilderness.
Buttress: a prominent protrusion of rock on a mountain, often column-shaped, that juts out from a rock or mountain. They are often so distinct as to be named separately from the mountain they protrude from. Buttresses often make a viable bivouacking option on an otherwise steep mountain. Numerous in the mountains surrounding Whistler, the term buttress is frequently heard while hiking, scrambling, ski touring and climbing.
Cairn: a pile of rocks used to indicate a route or a summit. The word cairn originates from the Scottish Gaelic word carn. A cairn can be either large and elaborate or as simple as a small pile of rocks. To be effective a cairn marking a trail has to just be noticeable and obviously man-made. In the alpine areas around Whistler, above the treeline, cairns are the main method of marking a route. In the spring and fall when snow covers alpine trails, cairns mark many routes. An inuksuk(aka inukshuk) is the name for a cairn used by peoples of the Arctic region of North America. Though an inuksuk can take many forms similar to a cairn, it is usually represented by large rocks formed into a human shape. The word inuksuk literally translates from two separate Inuit words, inuk "person" and suk "substitute". The 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver and Whistler used the inuksuk for the logo of the games. Today you will find several giant rock inuksuks in Vancouver and Whistler at various places. In Whistler there is an impressive inuksuk, several metres high a the peak of Whistler Mountain.
Chimney: a gap between two vertical faces of rock or ice. Often a chimney offers the only viable route to the summit of a mountain. An example of this is Black Tusk in Garibaldi Provincial Park in Whistler. The final ascent of Black Tusk requires climbing a near vertical chimney with crumbling rock all around.
Cirque: a glacier-carved bowl or amphitheatre in the mountains. To form, the glacier must be a combination of size, a certain slope and more unexpectedly, a certain angle away from the sun. In the northern hemisphere, this means the glacier must be on the northeast slope of the mountain, away from the suns rays and the prevailing winds. Thick snow, protected in this way, grows thicker into glacial ice, then a process of freeze-thaw called nivation, chews at the lower rocks, hollowing out a deep basin. Eventually a magnificently circular lake is formed with steep sloping sides all around. Cirque Lake in Whistler is a wonderful example of a cirque lake. Cirque Glacier: formed in bowl-shaped depressions on the side of mountains.


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