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Ram Long Hauler Concept: Long-Hauling First Drive
Spending A Week With The Ram Long-Hauler
Nearly all of the original equipment vehicle manufacturers produce concept vehicles. Most of these vehicles are strictly show cars that can barely be driven on a closed-course. The gauges are often cardboard cutouts, the transmissions sometimes can't get out of Second gear, and quite often the one-off suspension geometry makes them more unstable than a 50-year-old tricycle at 90 mph. The one exception to this rule has been Ram truck. The company has actually been producing functional concept vehicles for decades. A perfect example of this practice is the Ram Long-Hauler concept truck. Not only has Ram put a trailer behind this rig, they handed it out to a select group of ham-fisted magazine editors to give it a whirl too.
The Ram Long-Hauler materialized from the needs of high-end equestrian truck customers. When you consider all of the components (truck, horse trailer, and horses), the truck hauling the whole shebang was quite often the least expensive part of the equation. Once the potential customer was identified the Ram guys set to mapping out what the capabilities needed to be. The truck obviously had to be able to haul a heavy load. It needed to have an extremely comfortable interior with plenty of amenities for four people, and it needed to be able to drive all day long without refueling. The result is what you see here.
The Long-Hauler is based on an '11 Class 5 Ram 5500 chassis-cab truck with a 197.4-inch wheelbase. This truck houses the 6.7L Cummins engine rated for 305hp and 610 lb-ft of torque (same as the chassis-cab configuration) and is backed by a medium-duty Aisin Seiki AS68RC six-speed automatic transmission, NV273 two-speed transfer case, a Magna front axle, and a monstrous Dana S111 rearend. Both axles house deep-for-a-diesel 4.88 gears; It's built for hauling, not hauling-ass.
To create the Long-Hauler concept, Ram designers took the crew cab body off the Ram 5500 frame and replaced it with a Mega Cab from a Ram 3500 Laramie Longhorn pickup. Then they sourced an 8-foot Ram 3500 dualie bed and created a modified mounting structure to accommodate the Ram 5500's much narrower chassis-cab framerail spacing. While that made the Long-Hauler look like a pickup, it created two new problems: there was roughly a 2-foot gap between the back of the Mega Cab and the front of the bed, and there was no way to mount a pickup truck rear bumper to the chassis-cab frame. But that didn't stop the Ram designers.
An integrated mid-ship pickup box was built to fill the gap between the cab and frame. The small box was crafted from the rear portion of a truck cab and the leading edge of a Ram pickup box. Inside this mid-ship box lies a 38-gallon fuel tank, and the Ram 5500's urea tank. To give the Long-Hauler its namesake fuel range, two more fuel tanks were added to the truck. The factory 22-gallon tank (that's available on all chassis-cab trucks) was added. The 22- and 38-gallon tanks would have been enough fuel to run the 6.7L all day long. But in the spirit of the Long-Hauler concept a 110-gallon fuel tank was mounted in the bed of the truck giving a total fuel capacity of 170 gallons. The two add-on tanks are Siamesed and the three-tank fuel system is monitored and controlled by a Transfer Flow Trax-II computer-controlled auxiliary fuel tank system that actively transfers fuel to the main tank. With no load the Long-Hauler can likely commute coast-to-coast without refueling. Hauling a full load would diminish the range to around 1,500 miles.
Underneath the Long-Hauler you'll find front and rear Kelderman automatic, self-leveling, air spring suspensions accented with Rancho RS9000 shocks. You never have to worry that the air suspension is full when hauling a heavy load. When we hitched up our trailer the rear air springs were automatically filled, which brought the truck back up to ride height. The other major bonus to the air suspension (and a stark contrast to a stock Ram 5500) is that this Class 5 truck rides more like a ¾-ton. It doesn't seem to matter if it's loaded or unloaded, it rides about the same either way.
Inside the Long-Hauler you will find more than the typical Laramie Longhorn comfort items and amenities. Up front, an EGT, boost, and rear axle temperature gauge were added to a custom-built center stack. Out back is where things went way beyond the factory options. The plush rear leather interior features fold-out work trays, power-actuated footrests, three 110-volt power points, a refrigerator, and there's even a gun safe under the seat. To top it all off, there's a rear seat DVD system and the truck acts as its own Wi-Fi hotspot.
So what do you do when you get your hands on the one of the biggest, baddest tow rigs on the planet? Well, you hitch up a trailer and toss on the biggest, baddest, heaviest, truck you got in the fleet. For us that meant loading our Carson 14,000-pound trailer with our long term '12 Pickup Truck of the Year winner, the 3⁄4-ton Ram 2500 Crew Cab Power Wagon.
With an estimated combined weight of just more than 10,000 pounds, our towed trailer and 3⁄4-ton truck didn't even make the Long-Hauler breathe hard. Most of the time we couldn't even tell the trailer was back there. For this reason, the Long-Hauler is much better suited for towed loads in the neighborhood of 25,000 pounds plus—well into Class A license territory.
Now the question is whether Ram will build it and how soon can it be on the dealer lot? It's hard to say. There certainly is a niche market for a high-end, heavy-hauler truck like this, however that market would likely be relatively small when you consider our estimated retail price of over $100,000.


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'Storage Wars' Star Sues A&E, Calls Show A "Fraud"
Fans of reality TV often walk a strange tightrope, accepting in the back of their minds that the events being presented are somewhat staged, or even edited to appear more dramatic than they really are. That line isn't often called into question, but 'Storage Wars' star Dave Hester is fighting back against A&E for his recent dismissal, the cause of which was apparently complaints to the show's producers of "fraud on the public." Does his $3.75 million dollar lawsuit have a case?
Brace yourselves for a real shocker: reality TV might not live up to its name. Via Deadline, The latest assault on the fictionalized nature of "documentary" TV series comes from fired 'Storage Wars' star Dave Hester,' who today hit both A&E and the show's producer Original Productions with a $3.75 million dollar lawsuit for wrongful termination. Hester claims that the network unfairly dismissed him from the series when he complained to producers of production "salting" and staging the storage lockers featured in the series.
Says Hester's 14-page complaint, presented by attorney Marty Singer to the producers:
Nearly every aspect of the Series is faked, even down to the plastic surgery that one of the female cast members underwent in order to create more "sex appeal" for the show, the cost of which was paid for by Original.
Original regularly 'salts' the storage lockers that are the subject of the auctions portrayed on the Series with valuable or unusual items to add dramatic effect, even going so far as to stage entire storage units.
Original also manipulates the outcome of certain auctions by paying for storage units on behalf of the weaker cast members who lack the both the skill and financial wherewithal to place winning bids.
'Storage Wars' garners high ratings for A&E, and recently began airing the second half of its third season. Hester has participated in the series since its 2010 beginning, earning the nickname "The Mogul," but won't be featured in the fourth season after A&E's decision.
What say you? Was Dave Hester unfairly dismissed from 'Storage Wars?' Do you believe his complaints about the show being staged?

subset: commoncrawl


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Integrative Strategies for Understanding Neural and Cognitive Systems (NCS) Crosscutting Programs
Important NCS Announcements
NCS FY19 Webinar
The NSF Neural and Cognitive Systems FY19 Webinar occurred on Monday October 22, 2018. However, you may still listen to the Recording of this Webinar.
NCS FY 2017 and FY 2018 Press Releases
To learn more about the NCS program, please see the FY 2017 press release "NSF funds new multidisciplinary approaches to study the brain" and the FY 2018 press release "NSF funds new integrative approaches to cognitive science, neuroscience".
NCS Important Program Information
NSF invites the submission of educational neuroscience proposals to the NCS program. It notes that advances in our understanding of neural and cognitive systems can have significant implications for research on education. Through the Dear Colleague Letter: Stimulating Educational Neuroscientific Research through the Integrative Strategies for Understanding Neural and Cognitive Systems (NCS) program it also seeks to foster the growth of a multidisciplinary community of researchers, including neuroscientists, cognitive scientists, engineers, computer scientists, and education researchers. PLEASE NOTE: Proposers should disregard the request in the NCS solicitation under "V. Proposal Preparation and Submission Instructions, Bullet #2" to add an asterisk at the end of the names of the individuals that are on the project's advisory board as well as those that are consultants. Instead, proposers should add these names to the Synopsis field of the LOI.
|NCS Program Team
Directorate representatives:
Program Liaisons:
PROGRAM GUIDELINESSolicitation 18-533
Important Information for Proposers
A revised version of the NSF Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) (NSF 20-1), is effective for proposals submitted, or due, on or after June 1, 2020. Please be advised that, depending on the specified due date, the guidelines contained in NSF 20-1 may apply to proposals submitted in response to this funding opportunity.
Waiting for New Publication
The complexities of brain and behavior pose fundamental questions in many areas of science and engineering, drawing intense interest across a broad spectrum of disciplinary perspectives while eluding explanation by any one of them. Rapid advances within and across disciplines are leading to an increasingly interwoven fabric of theories, models, empirical methods and findings, and educational approaches, opening new opportunities to understand complex aspects of neural and cognitive systems through integrative multidisciplinary approaches.
This program calls for innovative, convergent, boundary-crossing proposals that can best capture those opportunities and map out new research frontiers. NSF seeks proposals that are bold and risky, and transcend the perspectives and approaches typical of disciplinary research efforts. This cross-directorate program is one element of NSF's broader effort directed at Understanding the Brain, a multi-year activity that includes NSF's participation in the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative (http://www.nsf.gov/brain/). NSF envisions a connected portfolio of transformative, integrative projects that create synergistic links across investigators and communities, yielding novel ways of tackling the challenges of understanding the brain in action and in context.
This solicitation extends the NCS program for three years, from FY2018 through FY2020, and offers the FRONTIERS proposal class, for larger projects, in FY2019. Integrative projects will be supported at scales reflecting increasing levels of collaboration and coordination toward strategic, potentially transformative research goals.
The program focuses on four aspects of neural and cognitive systems that are current targets of converging interdisciplinary interests. NCS projects must advance the foundations of one or more of these focus areas, as described further within the solicitation:
- Neuroengineering and Brain-Inspired Concepts and Designs
- Individuality and Variation
- Cognitive and Neural Processes in Realistic, Complex Environments
- Data-Intensive Neuroscience and Cognitive Science
Proposals must address both risk and reward: high-risk, high-payoff approaches are expected. Proposals must also be consistent with the missions of the participating directorates, while going beyond the scope of any NSF core program, or they will not be considered responsive to the solicitation.
NCS will consider three classes of proposals. FOUNDATIONS awards (CISE, EHR, ENG, and SBE Directorates; referred to as INTEGRATIVE FOUNDATIONS in earlier NCS solicitations) will support high-risk, high-payoff projects that advance the foundations of one or more NCS focus areas. FRONTIERS awards (CISE, EHR, ENG, and SBE Directorates; FY2019 competition only) will support ambitious, highly integrative, interdisciplinary projects that advance and connect multiple integrative research threads to tackle challenges that, without a high level of collaboration and coordination, would remain intractable. CORE+ SUPPLEMENTS (CISE, EHR, and ENG Directorates) will provide additional support to existing funded projects in the participating directorates, to enable activities that will connect those projects to significant new integrative opportunities in neural and cognitive systems.
- Dear Colleague Letter: Stimulating Educational Neuroscientific Research through the Integrative Strategies for Understanding Neural and Cognitive Systems (NCS) program (NSF 18-043)
- NSF Funds New Multidisciplinary Approaches to Study the Brain
- NSF Funds New Integrative Approaches to Cognitive Science, Neuroscience
What Has Been Funded (Recent Awards Made Through This Program, with Abstracts)
Map of Recent Awards Made Through This Program


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i am new to jsp and mysql.
i have java class employee
int id[];
string name[];
string states[]
string cities[]
string area[]
i have mysql emloyee table with the values in database.i need to retreive emp name based on state city area.
i have created employee class with set and get methods.
i have designed my jsp page with 4 drop down list ; states[] cities[] area[] emp name[] .
i have done my jdbc connection wich works fine.
can anyone tell how how to create dependent dropdown list in jsp.
what query should i write and create dependent drop down list .
my first list should have all states.
2nd should display all cities based on selection of states.
3 rd should display all areas in that city.
4th should display all employee name from that area.
can anyone help with how to query this table and link them to create dependent dropdown list in jsp page i am struck here .
i am supposed to use java jsp mysql.


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Yeah, but you got to wash the damn thing.....
Yeah we are finally getting to the best time to ride in south Fl. ALL WINTER LONG Our temps are going to go below 70 degrees for the first time since May Woo Hoo.and no rain.Thats what we call a COLD front.
I ride year round here in Hoosier land. Have been for 30 years. Michelen still needs a good snow tire though.
Its good living in FL
You lost me on that note. Mine gets wiped down occasionally but I never wash it =)
Do ya s'pose she could do my C-10 for me? I have beer.
Do ya s'pose she could do my C-10 for me? I have beer.
Nice weather but no good roads in Florida, big reason why you ride in Tenn/NC so much.
I hear that C10s run kinda rough on beer?
You can always go to a interstate cloverleaf and spend the day getting on and off I moved here 27 years ago and don't miss all them "POT HOLES " I mean good roads. I came from western NY , I fly back every Christmas just to remind my self WHY I moved
Horrible waste of beer....
Page created in 0.816 seconds with 27 queries.


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For Married Couples
Whether you have been married 4 months or 40 years, the Living in Love program suite offers a refreshingly positive experience, keen insight into masculinity and femininity, and a liberating perspective about the Sacrament of Matrimony. An initial retreat workshop leads to a follow on skills course packed with insights, everyday strategies, and practical skills that can equip you to live in love every day.Read More
For Engaged Couples
Preparing to Live in Love offers an alternative to traditional marriage prep that is personal, flexible, practical, and incredibly relevant. You meet in the home of a specially trained mentor couple who is authentically living in love and benefit from their experience as well as the course content and written take-home materials.Read More
For Priests and Staff
Living in Love is a suite of parish based programs that goes beyond marriage enrichment to effect a conversion of heart and habit to a Theology of the Body lifestyle. Married couples become enthused about their own relationship and excited about their role as sacraments of the church constituting a parish resource for peer ministry and especially mentoring the engaged.Read More
For Mentors and Presenters
This website is your portal to insights and practices that will keep you growing in your relationship and living in love. It also provides access to all the resources you will need to work with the engaged or prepare to facilitate the Living in Love retreat for married couples.Read More


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Grey Leather Clip
Pacifier and Teether clips are handmade by a mother in a small home studio in Vilnius using genuine leather. A stylish way to keep your baby's pacifier or teething toy from falling on the ground.
This minimal leather clip can be purchased on its own as well as include a wooden teether. Fun shaped teething toy is made from high quality beech wood which is sanded to a satin smooth finish. Perfect for babies to hold in their small hands, soft to the touch and safe for chewing.
- Leather part measures at approximately 17 cm
- Wooden toy is approximately 5 cm wide.
- Please use only under supervision.
- Purchase Leather Clip Only or add a wooden teether of your choice


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Canon EOS-1D X Mark II
With its high-sensitivity 20.2MP full-frame CMOS sensor, expanded 61-point Dual Pixel AF system and 4K video capture, the Canon EOS-1D X Mark II delivers class-leading performance.
In our Couldn't Work Without series, we ask leading photographers and filmmakers to reveal their essential kit. Although many of wildlife photographer Christian Ziegler's most celebrated images have been taken using wide-angle lenses and remote flash set-ups, he says the piece of equipment he couldn't live without is the Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L IS II USM lens.
Since his first visit to a tropical rainforest on a trip to Thailand when he was 19, Canon Ambassador Christian has become internationally known for his coverage of tropical rainforest nature. He has a Masters degree in tropical biology, lives and works in Panama as Associate for Communication at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, and is a frequent contributor to National Geographic and international science and photography journals.While Christian also always packs four Canon Speedlite 430EX III-RT flash heads on assignment, here he explains why the large-aperture super-telephoto lens has become an indispensable part of his kitbag.
"I have worked with the [previous generation] Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L for several years, but then recently I was working on location in Bhutan and I took the EF 300mm f/2.8L IS II USM – and I love it!" says Christian. "It's sharper and much lighter. For me, these two points are enough to sell this lens."
"Weight is a big issue for me because when I'm on assignment we hike a lot and cover long distances – and in Bhutan this is always on very steep terrain."
Christian has been visiting the Himalayan mountain kingdom for the past two years to photograph its heavily forested terrain, wildlife and culture. "Bhutan is an unusual place," he says. "It is unique in having undisturbed habitat from 100 metres to 7,000 metres elevation – this is not seen anywhere else in the Himalayas because the forests have been cleared for roads, agriculture and timber. Nature is so well conserved here. It's a real joy to experience such wild and remote places."
On this assignment, Christian continues, "I wanted to capture shy primates and birds, especially hornbills." This meant shooting from a distance, often handheld. But he knew he could rely on the high performance and optical quality of the L-series Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L IS II USM, with its 4-stop optical Image Stabilizer and automatic panning detection. He was able, for example, to capture portraits of the highly endangered Gee's golden langur – an elusive monkey living in the treetops.
"I was usually following the monkeys through the forest, with them moving fast through the canopy and me on the forest floor. I needed to be fast, and this lens really let me do that. Often, I look through the camera for a long time, waiting for a certain expression. With this lens, I was much more confident because it weighs so little and responds so well."
For more flexibility in reach on the move, Christian paired the Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L IS II USM with the Canon Extender EF 1.4x III and Canon Extender EF 2x III. He found both were a perfect complement, enabling him to increase the lens's focal length without compromising image quality. "Both work very well with the EF 300mm f/2.8L IS II USM," he says. "It's so sharp, I can't tell the difference in the final picture, with or without the converter."
So far, Christian has made four trips to Bhutan, spending a total of six months in the country over the past two years. Extended stays are typical of his assignments, which often involve complete immersion in the rainforests, working alongside other scientists and researchers to document the behaviour of rarely seen species. "I love my photography to show something new, reveal new behaviour or a different perspective on something that we thought we knew," he says.
Even in these tough conditions and with these ambitious requirements, the Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L IS II USM proved to be a lens he could rely on, thanks to its build quality, durability and high level of dust and moisture resistance.
However, the desire to capture an image of scientific value doesn't always override his creative photographic instincts, and Christian isn't afraid to experiment. "I liked to play around with the lens a little," he explains, "to make an image that is a little more interesting, maybe including some out-of-focus areas to create a 'frame' for the focal species."
With its rapid, near-silent autofocus and full-time electronic manual focus override available without having to switch out of AF mode, the Canon EF 300mm f/2.8L IS II USM enabled Christian to realise his creative vision, whatever the demands of the moment.
For the Bhutan assignment, Christian also packed the Canon EF 600mm f/4L IS II USM lens, plus the Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM and a pair of zooms, the Canon EF 16-35mm f/2.8L III USM and Canon EF 24-105mm f/4L IS USM. He used all of these lenses with the Canon EOS-1D X Mark II body.
In addition, he took the full-frame mirrorless Canon EOS R camera and Canon RF 24-105mm F4L IS USM zoom lens.
"The EOS R has been a great camera to experiment with and it does really well in low light. In Bhutan, I was staying in a remote village when they had an annual festival, where they carry burning branches to each house to cleanse the village of bad spirits. The ritual happens at night and so the lighting was tricky, but the results with the EOS R were impressive."
Over his career, Christian's work has won numerous accolades including multiple awards in the prestigious Wildlife Photographer of the Year and World Press Photo competitions. So what advice does he have for those inspired to follow in his footsteps?
"It's tough. More than anything you have to love the job and be persistent, really stick at it and learn as much as you can as you go along," he replies. "But we still need more people to communicate stories about tropical ecosystems to a broad audience. I think we also need different perspectives to tell these nature stories, certainly more women and people from diverse backgrounds."
The key kit for wildlife photography
With its high-sensitivity 20.2MP full-frame CMOS sensor, expanded 61-point Dual Pixel AF system and 4K video capture, the Canon EOS-1D X Mark II delivers class-leading performance.
Full-frame mirrorless camera that opens up new creative opportunities for photographers and filmmakers. "The EOS R does really well in low light," Christian says.
High-performance L-series super-telephoto lens, with 4 stop Image Stabilizer with 3 modes ideal for all types of action photography. "It's sharp and light," says Christian. "I love it!"
A highly versatile 24-105mm zoom lens for the Canon EOS R System offering photographers and filmmakers an ideal balance between performance, portability and image quality.
The EF 600mm f/4L IS II USM is a high-magnification, super-telephoto lens featuring integrated Image Stabilizer technology and a fast f/4 maximum aperture. Perfect for wildlife, nature and sports photographers working in the field.
The EF 100mmm f/2.8 Macro USM lens is equally at home for portraits as it is for macro photography up to life-size (1.0x).
Featuring superb image quality edge to edge, a robust build and impeccable weather sealing, this L-series ultra-wide angle zoom lens has a constant f/2.8 maximum aperture for crisp results whatever the lighting conditions.
This standard zoom lens goes just that little bit further, whether you're shooting photography or video. This lens is ideal for capturing exceptional image quality across an extended zoom range, while travelling light.
Take a new approach to lighting with a Speedlite flash that's powerful, versatile and portable. Radio-frequency triggering makes off-camera flash easy to do, and opens up new ways to get creative with your photography.
Canon Ambassadors share some of their favourite shots taken with L-series lenses – and the stories behind them.
Go behind the scenes at Canon's Utsunomiya lens factory to see the engineering feats, innovation and craftsmanship that make L-series lenses so impressive.
Bird photographer Markus Varesvuo shares tips and talks about photographing the white-tailed eagle in action.
Canon Ambassador Brent Stirton put Canon's new EOS R system to the test with a five-day tour capturing the landscape, wildlife and people of Namibia.
Click here to get inspiring stories and exciting news from Canon Europe Pro


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Pre-Law Calendar & Information
Open House
Meet your advisor: Rebecca Chan! August 30, 2019 from 1:30-3:30 in FOB 207.
Pre-Law Advising
Welcome to the SJSU Pre--Law website. The goal of pre-law advising is to help students become familiar and navigate the information that is available on legal careers, preparing for law school, and applying to law school. In a democratic country like ours, lawyers play an important role, and law school primarily prepares students to understand and work in a wide variety of legal settings. The primary skills that law schools emphasize are persuasive speaking and writing, analytical problem solving and writing, and creative argument construction. The Juris Doctor, or JD, is the most common degree conferred by law schools. All American Bar Association approved law schools usually require 3 years of full-time study to earn a JD. Some law schools also offer part time programs that generally take 4 to 5 years to complete. In addition, many schools offer joint degrees, such as a JD/MBA or JD/MA or JD/PhD that usually take longer to complete, but generally take less time to complete than completing the degrees separately.
Below are links to get you started. Take some time to explore the website and then contact the prelaw advisor.
- Choosing a law school
- Where to Apply
- Choosing a major
- Choosing courses
- Application Process
- Letter of Recommendation
- Personal Statement


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JWT A3503-N00C2 C2 Cams Nissan 02+ Maxima VQ35DE
The Jwt C2 Profile Is Considered A Race Grind As Are All Of Our "C" Series Cams And Is Designed To Operate With Jwt Springs. This Is A Design We Are Extremely Proud Of, As It Is A Very Tight Duration For The Lift And Required An Extremely Precise Profile To Safely Make This Lift And Still Stay On The Stock Follower Diameter. The Tight Duration And High Lift Allow The C2 To Perform Well At Mid To High Rpm In Naturally Asperated Engines And Yet The C2 Has Seen Over 800Hp In Boosted Form!


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You may be looking for a way to support creativity and the arts in Dayton. If so, consider a bequest – a gift made through your will or trust – which is among the most popular ways to give back. More »
A beneficiary designation gift is a simple and affordable way to make a gift to support Victoria Theatre Association. You can designate our organization as a beneficiary of a retirement, investment or bank account, or your life insurance policy. More »
There are many combination gift options that can make your giving go farther than a simple gift of cash or property. More »
to ensure the performing arts and the venues that house them continue to thrive in the Miami Valley for generations to come.
IRS Struggles With Unopened Mail Backlog
Economic Impact Payment Deadline Extended
IRS Highlights Tax Credits to Encourage Employment


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Marc Bergevin is one such example. Marc was drafted by Chicago in 1983, and enjoyed a twenty-season NHL career that took him from the Blackhawks to the Islanders, on to the Hartford Whalers, Tampa Bay Lightning, Detroit Red Wings, St. Louis Blues and concluded with the Penguins in 2002-03. He then joined the Hawks in a variety of positions, including scouting and assistant coach, and was named the club's director of player personnel in July 2009. Clearly, Marc knows his stuff. In his first season in the position, the team collected the Stanley Cup.
On July 20, Marc Bergevin earned his day with the Stanley Cup, and took it back to the Montreal area where he was raised. Although Marc and his wife Ruth, along with their kids Wes, Rhett and Elle, live in Chicago, the Stanley Cup champion spent most of the day at the home of his sister, who still lives there.
After having a number of pictures taken with the family, Marc took the Stanley Cup to the cemetery, where he visited with his Mom and Dad, buried side by side. It was a special moment, as Marc got the opportunity to silently thank his caring parents for the support that allowed him to achieve this dream.
A visit to the local arena allowed youngsters to line up and get photos with the Stanley Cup, and then Marc returned to his sister's house for a small party. While the adults ate chicken and pasta, the kids gobbled hotdogs and popcorn.
Stephane joined the Hawks during the 2003-04 season, after collective more than twenty years of teaching and consulting goaltenders at all levels. Just prior to Chicago, Stephane served as Sherwood Hockey's professional goaltender representative and was a consultant for IMG Hockey.
Stephane greeted the Cup at 10:00AM in his hometown of Sherbrooke, Quebec. His action-packed day began with a stop at the local hospital to brighten the days of both patients and staff.
The next stop took Waite to Sherbrooke's magnificent City Hall. Built in 1904, the grand grey and pink granite building was declared a historic monument in 1977. There, Stephane was greeted by Mayor Bernard Sevigny and several other municipal dignitaries. The reception took place in the council chamber, with Stephane's brother, former NHL goaltender Jimmy Waite, looking along, joined by other family members.
Properly honoured and very flattered at the city's attention, Stephane then took the Stanley Cup to SBK Hockey, a Sherbrooke-based equipment and stick company owned in part by Waite.
Next on the day's agenda was the opportunity to meet Stephane and get photos with the Stanley Cup. Money raised was donated to Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke.
It had been a busy day, so it was time to briefly decompress. Family and friends joined Stephane and the Cup at a local restaurant for beverages and a light meal, and then it was back to his home, where Stephane, wife Annie and their son Frederick enjoyed the last of their hours with hockey's greatest prize.
The Cup arrived at the Haviland home at 8:00AM, and joined Mike and his children, Shane, Kelly and Riley. Dozens of pictures were taken. Also there was Mike's father, 'Big George,' who was instrumental in the growth of hockey popularity in the New Jersey area.
A large bus ferried the Haviland entourage, which included family, childhood friends, college colleagues and hockey pals, through the day, stopping first for photos at Mike's childhood home on Cedar Drive in Leonardo, New Jersey. Almost 200 neighbours and friends cheered as the bus pulled around the corner, leaving Mike, understandably, emotional.
The bus then took Mike to Shore Casino, a picturesque marina restaurant in Atlantic Highlands looking out over New York Harbor and Sandy Hook Bay. The buffet, which included chicken, perogies, salads and so much more, fed 400 friends of the Haviland family.
Back at his brother's home, Mike and the Stanley Cup were greeted by a party, featuring long-time friends. Haviland posed for photos with the Cup, allowing attendees to do the same.
While the party carried on, the Stanley Cup's role had concluded and it was time to retire for the night. Except�the bus had already left, stranding the Stanley Cup and its keeper. Fortunately, one of the people at the party noticed the dilemma and was only too happy to give the Stanley Cup and its Keeper a ride to the hotel.
The community is building a new arena, with Mike's brother George involved in the construction. Mike took the Stanley Cup to the construction site, where several teams joined him and the Stanley Cup for a photo. Most were hoping, of course, that the Cup will return on another occasion so that there can be bookended photos of the Stanley Cup at the arena before and after.
The township of Middletown, New Jersey was devastated on September 11, 2001 when 37 residents were lost in the tragedy of the attack on the World Trade Center. The town has created a serene but wonderful tribute at the Middletown Arts Centre. Haviland took the Stanley Cup to the World Trade Center Memorial Gardens to pay tribute to the brave souls of those lost in the international tragedy.
It had been a warm and wonderful couple of days for Mike Haviland. "At times, this has been overwhelming," he admitted. "The magnitude of this victory has sunk in. It's been an unbelievable couple of days to share the Cup with a lot of friends!"
On Friday, the Stanley Cup Journal spends the day with the Wirtz family, long-time owners of the Chicago Blackhawks.
Kevin Shea is the Editor of Publications and Online Features for the Hockey Hall of Fame.
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Cupping: Jennifer Aniston does it, but will it work for you?
John, a stout, gray-haired 58-year-old man from Mountain View, lay face down and bare-backed on the treatment table. A dozen glass orbs the size of cue balls lined his spine, the skin beneath them bulging ruby red as blood was drawn to the surface.
While the unusual scene might suggest the man had encountered a freak accident in a light bulb factory, this was actually a treatment he eagerly chose at the Los Gatos Acupuncture and Qigong Center.
This is cupping therapy, a millennia-old technique in Chinese medicine -- also employed for decades in the United States under the category of alternative care -- chiefly sought out to relieve aches and pains and increase circulation. Practitioners believe it can increase the movement in the body's own energy, or "qi."
And it's making news once again, with stars such as Jennifer Aniston, Victoria Beckham, Gwyneth Paltrow and hubby Chris Martin recently sporting the telltale red circles temporarily left behind from treatments. Kelly Osbourne even tweeted out a photo of herself during a cupping session a couple of weeks ago, showing a small glass ball attached to her foot, and adding "went 2 the most amazing Chinese Dr who fixed me w/ cups."
Everything old ...
Acupuncturists and massage therapists who regularly employ the technique smile tolerantly when asked about the "new" trend.
"Yes, I had to laugh," whispered South Bay massage therapist Grant Atwellas gentle sounds of chirping birds and crashing waves played softly in the background of the treatment room where John, who asked that his last name not be used, was being cupped by acupuncturist and clinic founder Adam Atman. "We see the stars on the red carpet, showing off the discoloration," Atwell said. "It looks like they've been attacked by a friendly octopus."
John offered a muffled agreement about the octopus analogy as he lay on the table on a recent Thursday afternoon. "Either octopus, or big leeches," he mumbled, describing the sensation of the cups sucking at his pale skin. He sought the treatment as a possible cure for hearing loss and blood pressure issues that ail him.
"You can see the redness in his back. From a Chinese medical point of view, this indicates too much heat going up his body," said Atman, before applying the cups. "What the cupping does is pull the blood to the surface, pull the heat out of it and vent the stagnant blood. It also lifts the tissue and improves circulation to those areas."
This form of cupping -- one of several versions of the technique -- is considered a traditional style in which specially designed glass vessels are swabbed on the inside with alcohol, then lit with a flame and placed on the skin, the heat creating instant suction. The client is not affected by the flame, merely feeling a warm sensation and a pulling on the skin.
Some modern devices involve silicone cups, which are more flexible and can be used on joints and many other parts of the body. Cupping is often used in conjunction with other therapies, such as acupuncture or reflexology, Atwell said. He uses cups made of rubber and employs a gliding technique, rather than keeping the cups stationary. Small cups can even be used on the face.
Another technique called "wet" cupping involves pricking the skin with a needle before the cup is placed. Blood is released into the cup to relieve pressure.
A cup of history
The therapy dates back 3,000-plus years, according to Sonia Morton of the International Cupping Therapy Association, or ICTA, based in Washington state. Originally, animal horns, bamboo or even gourds were used for the procedure.
"The general idea is negative pressure, rather than tissue compression," Morton said. "The suction lifts the connective tissue, breaks up and drains stagnation while increasing blood and lymph flow to skin and muscles in ways not possible using compression. It's great for pain, repetitive strains, inflammation, toxicity, digestive problems and many other issues."
Educators at the ICTA have indeed seen a growth in interest in the practice during recent years, sometimes even training medical doctors and chiropractors in the technique.
"I liken it to hardwood floors versus carpeting, with hardwood being Eastern medicine and carpet as Western," Morton said. "Everyone used to have hardwood floors, then carpet came along and was the trend. But now we're back to hardwood floors again because of the superior benefits."
While reviews of cupping therapy at the National Institutes of Health suggest more rigorous studies are needed for definitive answers as to the efficacy of the practice, some research has indeed indicated benefits for pain relief. And the Mayo Clinic reports some studies show a possible beneficial role for cupping in treating fibromyalgia, but also recommends more research.
The marks that often result from a treatment -- which can last from a few hours to a week, depending on skin type and other conditions -- are not bruises, as many believe.
"There is no trauma, no broken capillaries," Morton said. "It's from the toxins that come to the surface. The worse the toxicity in a certain area, or the older an injury, the longer the marks will be apparent."
Dhyana Iris, a massage therapist in the East Bay, recently added cupping to her repertoire after falling in love the with effects of the treatments for herself. "It's a totally delicious experience," she said. Iris has adapted an extremely gentle version of the gliding technique to work with older people with chronic illness or with Alzheimer's, or those who are approaching the end of life.
Costs of procedures vary depending on the practitioner and on accompanying applications, such as hot-stone massage or reflexology. Iris usually charges about $75 to $100 for a cupping session, but greatly reduces her prices for elderly clients.
Don't try this at home
Now don't go rummaging the recycling bin for your empty peanut butter jars. Cupping should only be performed by licensed health care providers. And there are many situations in which even specialists will not perform the treatment, such as if the client has skin infections, fever or diabetes, Atman said.
While the cups performed their work on John, Atman moved to another room at the clinic to attend Alexsandra Marianetti, 38, of Campbell, a tantra instructor who goes by the name of Kika. Soon, she had about 26 cups running up and down her back.
"Kika has two conditions perfect for cupping -- congestion from a cold, and allergies," Atman said.
"It feels like someone is placing a kiss on my back," Kika said, kidding with Atman as he applied the cups. "Be sure to give me a nice design."
Cupping therapy was used in Egypt dating back some 3,500 years, even apparent in hieroglyphic writing. The famous Taoist alchemist and herbalist Ge Hong (A.D. 281""341) was a proponent of cupping.In ancient Greece, Hippocrates recommended the use of cups for a variety of ailments.
In the early 1900s, British physician Sir Arthur Keith wrote about witnessing cupping performed "with excellent success."
In China, extensive research has been carried out on the technique, and even today the practice continues to be a mainstay of government-sponsored hospitals in traditional Chinese medicine.


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Chapter XXVII: Civil Wars, Reign Of Theodosius.—Part II.
Constantinople was the principal seat and fortress of Arianism; and, in a long interval of forty years,33453345 Sozomen, l. vii. c. v. Socrates, l. v. c. 7. Marcellin. in Chron. The account of forty years must be dated from the election or intrusion of Eusebius, who wisely exchanged the bishopric of Nicomedia for the throne of Constantinople. the faith of the princes and prelates, who reigned in the capital of the East, was rejected in the purer schools of Rome and Alexandria. The archiepiscopal throne of Macedonius, which had been polluted with so much Christian blood, was successively filled by Eudoxus and Damophilus. Their diocese enjoyed a free importation of vice and error from every province of the empire; the eager pursuit of religious controversy afforded a new occupation to the busy idleness of the metropolis; and we may credit the assertion of an intelligent observer, who describes, with some pleasantry, the effects of their loquacious zeal. "This city," says he, "is full of mechanics and slaves, who are all of them profound theologians; and preach in the shops, and in the streets. If you desire a man to change a piece of silver, he informs you, wherein the Son differs from the Father; if you ask the price of a loaf, you are told by way of reply, that the Son is inferior to the Father; and if you inquire, whether the bath is ready, the answer is, that the Son was made out of nothing." 33463346 See Jortin's Remarks on Ecclesiastical History, vol. iv. p. 71. The thirty-third Oration of Gregory Nazianzen affords indeed some similar ideas, even some still more ridiculous; but I have not yet found the words of this remarkable passage, which I allege on the faith of a correct and liberal scholar. The heretics, of various denominations, subsisted in peace under the protection of the Arians of Constantinople; who endeavored to secure the attachment of those obscure sectaries, while they abused, with unrelenting severity, the victory which they had obtained over the followers of the council of Nice. During the partial reigns of Constantius and Valens, the feeble remnant of the Homoousians was deprived of the public and private exercise of their religion; and it has been observed, in pathetic language, that the scattered flock was left without a shepherd to wander on the mountains, or to be devoured by rapacious wolves.33473347 See the thirty-second Oration of Gregory Nazianzen, and the account of his own life, which he has composed in 1800 iambics. Yet every physician is prone to exaggerate the inveterate nature of the disease which he has cured. But, as their zeal, instead of being subdued, derived strength and vigor from oppression, they seized the first moments of imperfect freedom, which they had acquired by the death of Valens, to form themselves into a regular congregation, under the conduct of an episcopal pastor. Two natives of Cappadocia, Basil, and Gregory Nazianzen,33483348 I confess myself deeply indebted to the two lives of Gregory Nazianzen, composed, with very different views, by Tillemont (Mem. Eccles. tom. ix. p. 305-560, 692-731) and Le Clerc, (Bibliotheque Universelle, tom. xviii. p. 1-128.) were distinguished above all their contemporaries,33493349 Unless Gregory Nazianzen mistook thirty years in his own age, he was born, as well as his friend Basil, about the year 329. The preposterous chronology of Suidas has been graciously received, because it removes the scandal of Gregory's father, a saint likewise, begetting children after he became a bishop, (Tillemont, Mem. Eccles. tom. ix. p. 693-697.) by the rare union of profane eloquence and of orthodox piety.
These orators, who might sometimes be compared, by themselves, and by the public, to the most celebrated of the ancient Greeks, were united by the ties of the strictest friendship. They had cultivated, with equal ardor, the same liberal studies in the schools of Athens; they had retired, with equal devotion, to the same solitude in the deserts of Pontus; and every spark of emulation, or envy, appeared to be totally extinguished in the holy and ingenuous breasts of Gregory and Basil. But the exaltation of Basil, from a private life to the archiepiscopal throne of Caesarea, discovered to the world, and perhaps to himself, the pride of his character; and the first favor which he condescended to bestow on his friend, was received, and perhaps was intended, as a cruel insult.33503350 Gregory's Poem on his own Life contains some beautiful lines, (tom. ii. p. 8,) which burst from the heart, and speak the pangs of injured and lost friendship. ——In the Midsummer Night's Dream, Helena addresses the same pathetic complaint to her friend Hermia:—Is all the counsel that we two have shared. The sister's vows, &c. Shakspeare had never read the poems of Gregory Nazianzen; he was ignorant of the Greek language; but his mother tongue, the language of Nature, is the same in Cappadocia and in Britain. Instead of employing the superior talents of Gregory in some useful and conspicuous station, the haughty prelate selected, among the fifty bishoprics of his extensive province, the wretched village of Sasima,33513351 This unfavorable portrait of Sasimae is drawn by Gregory Nazianzen, (tom. ii. de Vita sua, p. 7, 8.) Its precise situation, forty-nine miles from Archelais, and thirty-two from Tyana, is fixed in the Itinerary of Antoninus, (p. 144, edit. Wesseling.) without water, without verdure, without society, situate at the junction of three highways, and frequented only by the incessant passage of rude and clamorous wagoners. Gregory submitted with reluctance to this humiliating exile; he was ordained bishop of Sasima; but he solemnly protests, that he never consummated his spiritual marriage with this disgusting bride. He afterwards consented to undertake the government of his native church of Nazianzus,33523352 The name of Nazianzus has been immortalized by Gregory; but his native town, under the Greek or Roman title of Diocaesarea, (Tillemont, Mem. Eccles. tom. ix. p. 692,) is mentioned by Pliny, (vi. 3,) Ptolemy, and Hierocles, (Itinerar. Wesseling, p. 709). It appears to have been situate on the edge of Isauria. of which his father had been bishop above five-and-forty years. But as he was still conscious that he deserved another audience, and another theatre, he accepted, with no unworthy ambition, the honorable invitation, which was addressed to him from the orthodox party of Constantinople. On his arrival in the capital, Gregory was entertained in the house of a pious and charitable kinsman; the most spacious room was consecrated to the uses of religious worship; and the name of Anastasia was chosen to express the resurrection of the Nicene faith. This private conventicle was afterwards converted into a magnificent church; and the credulity of the succeeding age was prepared to believe the miracles and visions, which attested the presence, or at least the protection, of the Mother of God.33533353 See Ducange, Constant. Christiana, l. iv. p. 141, 142. The Sozomen (l. vii. c. 5) is interpreted to mean the Virgin Mary. The pulpit of the Anastasia was the scene of the labors and triumphs of Gregory Nazianzen; and, in the space of two years, he experienced all the spiritual adventures which constitute the prosperous or adverse fortunes of a missionary.33543354 Tillemont (Mem. Eccles. tom. ix. p. 432, &c.) diligently collects, enlarges, and explains, the oratorical and poetical hints of Gregory himself. The Arians, who were provoked by the boldness of his enterprise, represented his doctrine, as if he had preached three distinct and equal Deities; and the devout populace was excited to suppress, by violence and tumult, the irregular assemblies of the Athanasian heretics. From the cathedral of St. Sophia there issued a motley crowd "of common beggars, who had forfeited their claim to pity; of monks, who had the appearance of goats or satyrs; and of women, more terrible than so many Jezebels." The doors of the Anastasia were broke open; much mischief was perpetrated, or attempted, with sticks, stones, and firebrands; and as a man lost his life in the affray, Gregory, who was summoned the next morning before the magistrate, had the satisfaction of supposing, that he publicly confessed the name of Christ. After he was delivered from the fear and danger of a foreign enemy, his infant church was disgraced and distracted by intestine faction. A stranger who assumed the name of Maximus,33553355 He pronounced an oration (tom. i. Orat. xxiii. p. 409) in his praise; but after their quarrel, the name of Maximus was changed into that of Heron, (see Jerom, tom. i. in Catalog. Script. Eccles. p. 301). I touch slightly on these obscure and personal squabbles. and the cloak of a Cynic philosopher, insinuated himself into the confidence of Gregory; deceived and abused his favorable opinion; and forming a secret connection with some bishops of Egypt, attempted, by a clandestine ordination, to supplant his patron in the episcopal seat of Constantinople. These mortifications might sometimes tempt the Cappadocian missionary to regret his obscure solitude. But his fatigues were rewarded by the daily increase of his fame and his congregation; and he enjoyed the pleasure of observing, that the greater part of his numerous audience retired from his sermons satisfied with the eloquence of the preacher,33563356 Under the modest emblem of a dream, Gregory (tom. ii. Carmen ix. p. 78) describes his own success with some human complacency. Yet it should seem, from his familiar conversation with his auditor St. Jerom, (tom. i. Epist. ad Nepotian. p. 14,) that the preacher understood the true value of popular applause. or dissatisfied with the manifold imperfections of their faith and practice.33573357 Lachrymae auditorum laudes tuae sint, is the lively and judicious advice of St. Jerom.
The Catholics of Constantinople were animated with joyful confidence by the baptism and edict of Theodosius; and they impatiently waited the effects of his gracious promise. Their hopes were speedily accomplished; and the emperor, as soon as he had finished the operations of the campaign, made his public entry into the capital at the head of a victorious army. The next day after his arrival, he summoned Damophilus to his presence, and offered that Arian prelate the hard alternative of subscribing the Nicene creed, or of instantly resigning, to the orthodox believers, the use and possession of the episcopal palace, the cathedral of St. Sophia, and all the churches of Constantinople. The zeal of Damophilus, which in a Catholic saint would have been justly applauded, embraced, without hesitation, a life of poverty and exile,33583358 Socrates (l. v. c. 7) and Sozomen (l. vii. c. 5) relate the evangelical words and actions of Damophilus without a word of approbation. He considered, says Socrates, that it is difficult to resist the powerful, but it was easy, and would have been profitable, to submit. and his removal was immediately followed by the purification of the Imperial city. The Arians might complain, with some appearance of justice, that an inconsiderable congregation of sectaries should usurp the hundred churches, which they were insufficient to fill; whilst the far greater part of the people was cruelly excluded from every place of religious worship. Theodosius was still inexorable; but as the angels who protected the Catholic cause were only visible to the eyes of faith, he prudently reenforced those heavenly legions with the more effectual aid of temporal and carnal weapons; and the church of St. Sophia was occupied by a large body of the Imperial guards. If the mind of Gregory was susceptible of pride, he must have felt a very lively satisfaction, when the emperor conducted him through the streets in solemn triumph; and, with his own hand, respectfully placed him on the archiepiscopal throne of Constantinople. But the saint (who had not subdued the imperfections of human virtue) was deeply affected by the mortifying consideration, that his entrance into the fold was that of a wolf, rather than of a shepherd; that the glittering arms which surrounded his person, were necessary for his safety; and that he alone was the object of the imprecations of a great party, whom, as men and citizens, it was impossible for him to despise. He beheld the innumerable multitude of either sex, and of every age, who crowded the streets, the windows, and the roofs of the houses; he heard the tumultuous voice of rage, grief, astonishment, and despair; and Gregory fairly confesses, that on the memorable day of his installation, the capital of the East wore the appearance of a city taken by storm, and in the hands of a Barbarian conqueror.33593359 See Gregory Nazianzen, tom. ii. de Vita sua, p. 21, 22. For the sake of posterity, the bishop of Constantinople records a stupendous prodigy. In the month of November, it was a cloudy morning, but the sun broke forth when the procession entered the church. About six weeks afterwards, Theodosius declared his resolution of expelling from all the churches of his dominions the bishops and their clergy who should obstinately refuse to believe, or at least to profess, the doctrine of the council of Nice. His lieutenant, Sapor, was armed with the ample powers of a general law, a special commission, and a military force;33603360 Of the three ecclesiastical historians, Theodoret alone (l. v. c. 2) has mentioned this important commission of Sapor, which Tillemont (Hist. des Empereurs, tom. v. p. 728) judiciously removes from the reign of Gratian to that of Theodosius. and this ecclesiastical revolution was conducted with so much discretion and vigor, that the religion of the emperor was established, without tumult or bloodshed, in all the provinces of the East. The writings of the Arians, if they had been permitted to exist,33613361 I do not reckon Philostorgius, though he mentions (l. ix. c. 19) the explosion of Damophilus. The Eunomian historian has been carefully strained through an orthodox sieve. would perhaps contain the lamentable story of the persecution, which afflicted the church under the reign of the impious Theodosius; and the sufferings of their holy confessors might claim the pity of the disinterested reader. Yet there is reason to imagine, that the violence of zeal and revenge was, in some measure, eluded by the want of resistance; and that, in their adversity, the Arians displayed much less firmness than had been exerted by the orthodox party under the reigns of Constantius and Valens. The moral character and conduct of the hostile sects appear to have been governed by the same common principles of nature and religion: but a very material circumstance may be discovered, which tended to distinguish the degrees of their theological faith. Both parties, in the schools, as well as in the temples, acknowledged and worshipped the divine majesty of Christ; and, as we are always prone to impute our own sentiments and passions to the Deity, it would be deemed more prudent and respectful to exaggerate, than to circumscribe, the adorable perfections of the Son of God. The disciple of Athanasius exulted in the proud confidence, that he had entitled himself to the divine favor; while the follower of Arius must have been tormented by the secret apprehension, that he was guilty, perhaps, of an unpardonable offence, by the scanty praise, and parsimonious honors, which he bestowed on the Judge of the World. The opinions of Arianism might satisfy a cold and speculative mind: but the doctrine of the Nicene creed, most powerfully recommended by the merits of faith and devotion, was much better adapted to become popular and successful in a believing age.
The hope, that truth and wisdom would be found in the assemblies of the orthodox clergy, induced the emperor to convene, at Constantinople, a synod of one hundred and fifty bishops, who proceeded, without much difficulty or delay, to complete the theological system which had been established in the council of Nice. The vehement disputes of the fourth century had been chiefly employed on the nature of the Son of God; and the various opinions which were embraced, concerning the Second, were extended and transferred, by a natural analogy, to the Third person of the Trinity.33623362 Le Clerc has given a curious extract (Bibliotheque Universelle, tom. xviii. p. 91-105) of the theological sermons which Gregory Nazianzen pronounced at Constantinople against the Arians, Eunomians, Macedonians, &c. He tells the Macedonians, who deified the Father and the Son without the Holy Ghost, that they might as well be styled Tritheists as Ditheists. Gregory himself was almost a Tritheist; and his monarchy of heaven resembles a well-regulated aristocracy. Yet it was found, or it was thought, necessary, by the victorious adversaries of Arianism, to explain the ambiguous language of some respectable doctors; to confirm the faith of the Catholics; and to condemn an unpopular and inconsistent sect of Macedonians; who freely admitted that the Son was consubstantial to the Father, while they were fearful of seeming to acknowledge the existence of Three Gods. A final and unanimous sentence was pronounced to ratify the equal Deity of the Holy Ghost: the mysterious doctrine has been received by all the nations, and all the churches of the Christian world; and their grateful reverence has assigned to the bishops of Theodosius the second rank among the general councils.33633363 The first general council of Constantinople now triumphs in the Vatican; but the popes had long hesitated, and their hesitation perplexes, and almost staggers, the humble Tillemont, (Mem. Eccles. tom. ix. p. 499, 500.) Their knowledge of religious truth may have been preserved by tradition, or it may have been communicated by inspiration; but the sober evidence of history will not allow much weight to the personal authority of the Fathers of Constantinople. In an age when the ecclesiastics had scandalously degenerated from the model of apostolic purity, the most worthless and corrupt were always the most eager to frequent, and disturb, the episcopal assemblies. The conflict and fermentation of so many opposite interests and tempers inflamed the passions of the bishops: and their ruling passions were, the love of gold, and the love of dispute. Many of the same prelates who now applauded the orthodox piety of Theodosius, had repeatedly changed, with prudent flexibility, their creeds and opinions; and in the various revolutions of the church and state, the religion of their sovereign was the rule of their obsequious faith. When the emperor suspended his prevailing influence, the turbulent synod was blindly impelled by the absurd or selfish motives of pride, hatred, or resentment. The death of Meletius, which happened at the council of Constantinople, presented the most favorable opportunity of terminating the schism of Antioch, by suffering his aged rival, Paulinus, peaceably to end his days in the episcopal chair. The faith and virtues of Paulinus were unblemished. But his cause was supported by the Western churches; and the bishops of the synod resolved to perpetuate the mischiefs of discord, by the hasty ordination of a perjured candidate,33643364 Before the death of Meletius, six or eight of his most popular ecclesiastics, among whom was Flavian, had abjured, for the sake of peace, the bishopric of Antioch, (Sozomen, l. vii. c. 3, 11. Socrates, l. v. c. v.) Tillemont thinks it his duty to disbelieve the story; but he owns that there are many circumstances in the life of Flavian which seem inconsistent with the praises of Chrysostom, and the character of a saint, (Mem. Eccles. tom. x. p. 541.) rather than to betray the imagined dignity of the East, which had been illustrated by the birth and death of the Son of God. Such unjust and disorderly proceedings forced the gravest members of the assembly to dissent and to secede; and the clamorous majority which remained masters of the field of battle, could be compared only to wasps or magpies, to a flight of cranes, or to a flock of geese.33653365 Consult Gregory Nazianzen, de Vita sua, tom. ii. p. 25-28. His general and particular opinion of the clergy and their assemblies may be seen in verse and prose, (tom. i. Orat. i. p. 33. Epist. lv. p. 814, tom. ii. Carmen x. p. 81.) Such passages are faintly marked by Tillemont, and fairly produced by Le Clerc.
A suspicion may possibly arise, that so unfavorable a picture of ecclesiastical synods has been drawn by the partial hand of some obstinate heretic, or some malicious infidel. But the name of the sincere historian who has conveyed this instructive lesson to the knowledge of posterity, must silence the impotent murmurs of superstition and bigotry. He was one of the most pious and eloquent bishops of the age; a saint, and a doctor of the church; the scourge of Arianism, and the pillar of the orthodox faith; a distinguished member of the council of Constantinople, in which, after the death of Meletius, he exercised the functions of president; in a word—Gregory Nazianzen himself. The harsh and ungenerous treatment which he experienced, 33663366 See Gregory, tom. ii. de Vita sua, p. 28-31. The fourteenth, twenty-seventh, and thirty-second Orations were pronounced in the several stages of this business. The peroration of the last, (tom. i. p. 528,) in which he takes a solemn leave of men and angels, the city and the emperor, the East and the West, &c., is pathetic, and almost sublime. instead of derogating from the truth of his evidence, affords an additional proof of the spirit which actuated the deliberations of the synod. Their unanimous suffrage had confirmed the pretensions which the bishop of Constantinople derived from the choice of the people, and the approbation of the emperor. But Gregory soon became the victim of malice and envy. The bishops of the East, his strenuous adherents, provoked by his moderation in the affairs of Antioch, abandoned him, without support, to the adverse faction of the Egyptians; who disputed the validity of his election, and rigorously asserted the obsolete canon, that prohibited the licentious practice of episcopal translations. The pride, or the humility, of Gregory prompted him to decline a contest which might have been imputed to ambition and avarice; and he publicly offered, not without some mixture of indignation, to renounce the government of a church which had been restored, and almost created, by his labors. His resignation was accepted by the synod, and by the emperor, with more readiness than he seems to have expected. At the time when he might have hoped to enjoy the fruits of his victory, his episcopal throne was filled by the senator Nectarius; and the new archbishop, accidentally recommended by his easy temper and venerable aspect, was obliged to delay the ceremony of his consecration, till he had previously despatched the rites of his baptism.33673367 The whimsical ordination of Nectarius is attested by Sozomen, (l. vii. c. 8;) but Tillemont observes, (Mem. Eccles. tom. ix. p. 719,) Apres tout, ce narre de Sozomene est si honteux, pour tous ceux qu'il y mele, et surtout pour Theodose, qu'il vaut mieux travailler a le detruire, qu'a le soutenir; an admirable canon of criticism! After this remarkable experience of the ingratitude of princes and prelates, Gregory retired once more to his obscure solitude of Cappadocia; where he employed the remainder of his life, about eight years, in the exercises of poetry and devotion. The title of Saint has been added to his name: but the tenderness of his heart,33683368 I can only be understood to mean, that such was his natural temper when it was not hardened, or inflamed, by religious zeal. From his retirement, he exhorts Nectarius to prosecute the heretics of Constantinople. and the elegance of his genius, reflect a more pleasing lustre on the memory of Gregory Nazianzen.
It was not enough that Theodosius had suppressed the insolent reign of Arianism, or that he had abundantly revenged the injuries which the Catholics sustained from the zeal of Constantius and Valens. The orthodox emperor considered every heretic as a rebel against the supreme powers of heaven and of earth; and each of those powers might exercise their peculiar jurisdiction over the soul and body of the guilty. The decrees of the council of Constantinople had ascertained the true standard of the faith; and the ecclesiastics, who governed the conscience of Theodosius, suggested the most effectual methods of persecution. In the space of fifteen years, he promulgated at least fifteen severe edicts against the heretics;33693369 See the Theodosian Code, l. xvi. tit. v. leg. 6—23, with Godefroy's commentary on each law, and his general summary, or Paratitlon, tom vi. p. 104-110. more especially against those who rejected the doctrine of the Trinity; and to deprive them of every hope of escape, he sternly enacted, that if any laws or rescripts should be alleged in their favor, the judges should consider them as the illegal productions either of fraud or forgery. The penal statutes were directed against the ministers, the assemblies, and the persons of the heretics; and the passions of the legislator were expressed in the language of declamation and invective. I. The heretical teachers, who usurped the sacred titles of Bishops, or Presbyters, were not only excluded from the privileges and emoluments so liberally granted to the orthodox clergy, but they were exposed to the heavy penalties of exile and confiscation, if they presumed to preach the doctrine, or to practise the rites, of their accursed sects. A fine of ten pounds of gold (above four hundred pounds sterling) was imposed on every person who should dare to confer, or receive, or promote, an heretical ordination: and it was reasonably expected, that if the race of pastors could be extinguished, their helpless flocks would be compelled, by ignorance and hunger, to return within the pale of the Catholic church. II. The rigorous prohibition of conventicles was carefully extended to every possible circumstance, in which the heretics could assemble with the intention of worshipping God and Christ according to the dictates of their conscience. Their religious meetings, whether public or secret, by day or by night, in cities or in the country, were equally proscribed by the edicts of Theodosius; and the building, or ground, which had been used for that illegal purpose, was forfeited to the Imperial domain. III. It was supposed, that the error of the heretics could proceed only from the obstinate temper of their minds; and that such a temper was a fit object of censure and punishment. The anathemas of the church were fortified by a sort of civil excommunication; which separated them from their fellow-citizens, by a peculiar brand of infamy; and this declaration of the supreme magistrate tended to justify, or at least to excuse, the insults of a fanatic populace. The sectaries were gradually disqualified from the possession of honorable or lucrative employments; and Theodosius was satisfied with his own justice, when he decreed, that, as the Eunomians distinguished the nature of the Son from that of the Father, they should be incapable of making their wills or of receiving any advantage from testamentary donations. The guilt of the Manichaean heresy was esteemed of such magnitude, that it could be expiated only by the death of the offender; and the same capital punishment was inflicted on the Audians, or Quartodecimans,33703370 They always kept their Easter, like the Jewish Passover, on the fourteenth day of the first moon after the vernal equinox; and thus pertinaciously opposed the Roman Church and Nicene synod, which had fixed Easter to a Sunday. Bingham's Antiquities, l. xx. c. 5, vol. ii. p. 309, fol. edit. who should dare to perpetrate the atrocious crime of celebrating on an improper day the festival of Easter. Every Roman might exercise the right of public accusation; but the office of Inquisitors of the Faith, a name so deservedly abhorred, was first instituted under the reign of Theodosius. Yet we are assured, that the execution of his penal edicts was seldom enforced; and that the pious emperor appeared less desirous to punish, than to reclaim, or terrify, his refractory subjects.33713371 Sozomen, l. vii. c. 12.
The theory of persecution was established by Theodosius, whose justice and piety have been applauded by the saints: but the practice of it, in the fullest extent, was reserved for his rival and colleague, Maximus, the first, among the Christian princes, who shed the blood of his Christian subjects on account of their religious opinions. The cause of the Priscillianists,33723372 See the Sacred History of Sulpicius Severus, (l. ii. p. 437-452, edit. Ludg. Bat. 1647,) a correct and original writer. Dr. Lardner (Credibility, &c., part ii. vol. ix. p. 256-350) has labored this article with pure learning, good sense, and moderation. Tillemont (Mem. Eccles. tom. viii. p. 491-527) has raked together all the dirt of the fathers; a useful scavenger! a recent sect of heretics, who disturbed the provinces of Spain, was transferred, by appeal, from the synod of Bordeaux to the Imperial consistory of Treves; and by the sentence of the Praetorian praefect, seven persons were tortured, condemned, and executed. The first of these was Priscillian33733373 Severus Sulpicius mentions the arch-heretic with esteem and pity Faelix profecto, si non pravo studio corrupisset optimum ingenium prorsus multa in eo animi et corporis bona cerneres. (Hist. Sacra, l ii. p. 439.) Even Jerom (tom. i. in Script. Eccles. p. 302) speaks with temper of Priscillian and Latronian. himself, bishop of Avila, in Spain; who adorned the advantages of birth and fortune, by the accomplishments of eloquence and learning. 33743374 The bishopric (in Old Castile) is now worth 20,000 ducats a year, (Busching's Geography, vol. ii. p. 308,) and is therefore much less likely to produce the author of a new heresy. Two presbyters, and two deacons, accompanied their beloved master in his death, which they esteemed as a glorious martyrdom; and the number of religious victims was completed by the execution of Latronian, a poet, who rivalled the fame of the ancients; and of Euchrocia, a noble matron of Bordeaux, the widow of the orator Delphidius.33753375 Exprobrabatur mulieri viduae nimia religio, et diligentius culta divinitas, (Pacat. in Panegyr. Vet. xii. 29.) Such was the idea of a humane, though ignorant, polytheist. Two bishops who had embraced the sentiments of Priscillian, were condemned to a distant and dreary exile; 33763376 One of them was sent in Sillinam insulam quae ultra Britannianest. What must have been the ancient condition of the rocks of Scilly? (Camden's Britannia, vol. ii. p. 1519.) and some indulgence was shown to the meaner criminals, who assumed the merit of an early repentance. If any credit could be allowed to confessions extorted by fear or pain, and to vague reports, the offspring of malice and credulity, the heresy of the Priscillianists would be found to include the various abominations of magic, of impiety, and of lewdness.33773377 The scandalous calumnies of Augustin, Pope Leo, &c., which Tillemont swallows like a child, and Lardner refutes like a man, may suggest some candid suspicions in favor of the older Gnostics. Priscillian, who wandered about the world in the company of his spiritual sisters, was accused of praying stark naked in the midst of the congregation; and it was confidently asserted, that the effects of his criminal intercourse with the daughter of Euchrocia had been suppressed, by means still more odious and criminal. But an accurate, or rather a candid, inquiry will discover, that if the Priscillianists violated the laws of nature, it was not by the licentiousness, but by the austerity, of their lives. They absolutely condemned the use of the marriage-bed; and the peace of families was often disturbed by indiscreet separations. They enjoyed, or recommended, a total abstinence from all anima food; and their continual prayers, fasts, and vigils, inculcated a rule of strict and perfect devotion. The speculative tenets of the sect, concerning the person of Christ, and the nature of the human soul, were derived from the Gnostic and Manichaean system; and this vain philosophy, which had been transported from Egypt to Spain, was ill adapted to the grosser spirits of the West. The obscure disciples of Priscillian suffered languished, and gradually disappeared: his tenets were rejected by the clergy and people, but his death was the subject of a long and vehement controversy; while some arraigned, and others applauded, the justice of his sentence. It is with pleasure that we can observe the humane inconsistency of the most illustrious saints and bishops, Ambrose of Milan,33783378 Ambros. tom. ii. Epist. xxiv. p. 891. and Martin of Tours,33793379 In the Sacred History, and the Life of St. Martin, Sulpicius Severus uses some caution; but he declares himself more freely in the Dialogues, (iii. 15.) Martin was reproved, however, by his own conscience, and by an angel; nor could he afterwards perform miracles with so much ease. who, on this occasion, asserted the cause of toleration. They pitied the unhappy men, who had been executed at Treves; they refused to hold communion with their episcopal murderers; and if Martin deviated from that generous resolution, his motives were laudable, and his repentance was exemplary. The bishops of Tours and Milan pronounced, without hesitation, the eternal damnation of heretics; but they were surprised, and shocked, by the bloody image of their temporal death, and the honest feelings of nature resisted the artificial prejudices of theology. The humanity of Ambrose and Martin was confirmed by the scandalous irregularity of the proceedings against Priscillian and his adherents. The civil and ecclesiastical ministers had transgressed the limits of their respective provinces. The secular judge had presumed to receive an appeal, and to pronounce a definitive sentence, in a matter of faith, and episcopal jurisdiction. The bishops had disgraced themselves, by exercising the functions of accusers in a criminal prosecution. The cruelty of Ithacius,33803380 The Catholic Presbyter (Sulp. Sever. l. ii. p. 448) and the Pagan Orator (Pacat. in Panegyr. Vet. xii. 29) reprobate, with equal indignation, the character and conduct of Ithacius. who beheld the tortures, and solicited the death, of the heretics, provoked the just indignation of mankind; and the vices of that profligate bishop were admitted as a proof, that his zeal was instigated by the sordid motives of interest. Since the death of Priscillian, the rude attempts of persecution have been refined and methodized in the holy office, which assigns their distinct parts to the ecclesiastical and secular powers. The devoted victim is regularly delivered by the priest to the magistrate, and by the magistrate to the executioner; and the inexorable sentence of the church, which declares the spiritual guilt of the offender, is expressed in the mild language of pity and intercession.
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Rouleur Issue 56 is our second Tour-themed magazine of the Summer, taking in some of the great personalities, locations, brands and oddities that make the Tour special.TTT
Poetry in motion: photo essay of the ultimate test of teamwork, the team time trial, by Marshall Kappel.Romain Empire
"The media look for the new Hinault, but he doesn't exist." The pressures on Romain Bardet's young shoulders as France expects.Cannondale
From Cipollini's Tour-issue CAAD4 to Sagan's acid-green Synapse, the brains behind the bikes of the Cannondale-Garmin team.
Paper Trail (Or How I Learned to Love the Dauphiné)
A ten-year-old boy meets Roche, Kelly, Anderson and Millar in 1984. The 41-year-old man returns to the Critérium du Dauphiné to find the thrill remains.Galibier
The Alpine climb has been a Tour de France regular since 1911. Stephen Roche, Giovanni Visconti and Jean-Christophe Péraud on conquering the giant.René Vietto and the Missing Toe
A Tour lost through sacrificing a wheel to his team leader; a toe lost through the mists of time. Max Leonard trawls the bars of Marseilles in search of a small piece of history.Tour of Serbia
How does a country devastated by recent floods and ripped apart by the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s put on a bike race? Bloody-minded determination.
Plus regulars Robert Millar, Matt Seaton and Martin Procter.
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SALT LAKE CITY – Prior to the US' somewhat premature exit from the tournament, the United States was experiencing World Cup Fever. Maybe you noticed—the signs have been everywhere. They've been on the television, radio and internet, in bars and restaurants, and even on your cell phone.
The US vs. England match was the most watched World Cup opening round match in US history, according to the USA Today, with approximately 10.8 million viewers, or a 6.1 in TV ratings jargon. Among the markets in the US that were caught up in World Cup Fever, Salt Lake City ranks surprisingly high on the list as it came in fifth among US markets for the opening match with a 10.2 rating. So what's the reason for this?
In part, this interest is tied to Real Salt Lake. According to defender Nat Borchers, "it's mainly because we are the only game in town when the [Utah] Jazz aren't playing, and we have a really strong group of fans."
"Major League Baseball isn't here, and that's a major plus for RSL because there is a big chunk of the year where [RSL] are it," said David James, a local TV sports anchor and RSL broadcaster.
Although soccer in the Salt Lake market, the smallest in MLS, does benefit from the lack of a major alternative in the middle of the summer, there is clearly more to it than that. For instance, the Latino population in the city (21.5 percent, according to American Survey Estimates) probably boosts the level of interest in the sport, especially when it comes to the World Cup.
In addition, Real Salt Lake's recent success has likely introduced many local neo-soccer fans to the game.
"Everybody loves a winner," said James. "More people are interested because [RSL] win."
However, two additional—and significant—reasons are tied to the city's predominant religion, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints.
First, because of the propensity for large families, the demographic in Salt Lake City is a young one and, for whatever reason, soccer seems to attract the youth in this country.
The second reason is the large numbers of return missionaries. These young adults, primarily men, live abroad in foreign countries as young adults for a period of two years, sharing the message of their church. It's in foreign lands such as Spain, Mexico, England and Brazil that many of these lads catch the spirit, excitement and passion of the Beautiful Game.
Once back, many of these young adults develop into avid fans of the game. Furthermore, the World Cup gives them the chance, in some instances, to reconnect with their adopted second country.
James summed this up well: "The soccer numbers skew higher here because of the number of return missionaries who go somewhere where soccer isn't a game—it is part of the culture."
So while it may surprise some that Salt Lake ranked so high among World Cup viewership for the opener, many who are familiar with the culture understand the dynamics at play. But for those that aren't, all they have to do is look at the obvious signs to realize that World Cup Fever is rampant in this city.
Join the Debate! MLSsoccer.com's "ExtraTime Radio" is LIVE every day during the World Cup, 5-7 pm ET. Call in at 888-MLS-GOAL.