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BENEFITING: Old St Patricks Church
Register with the Crossroads Runners team to run the 2013 Bank of America Chicago Marathon! We provide FREE training from one of two coaches with 30+ years of experience each.
Crossroads raises funds for non-profits to assist Chicago's at-risk youth, homeless and unemployed with targeted programs, resources and service initiatives. Organizations include Harmony Hope and Healing, Horizons for Youth and Career Transitions Center.

subset: commoncrawl


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I think because a lot of people are coming by this thread now because of the front page post I'm going to try to clear things up a bit. These are sub-race mockups for models that are going to be in game anyways come WoD, such as the various Orc races, Dwarves races, Tauren clans, Leper Gnomes etc. (Except Android Gnome and Elf Forsaken)
I originally made this thread as a response to a WoW Insider article that talked about variant player skins for all the various sub-races that were in the game.
I thought it would be cool to make a bunch of edits of all the Blizzcon Previews for fun, and for practice for an intro to design/photoshop class that I have come January. I feel that since these models are going to exist in game anyways, and since many of these sub-races have a substantial amount of lore backing them up, sub-race skins can provide a huge amount of character customization. WoW really lacks the same level of character customization that next-gen MMO's seem to offer, and I feel that now with the overhaul of all the new models is a perfect time to implement some additional customization.
Also the un-undead human wax museum Danny Trejo thing was tounge in cheek, don't take it too seriously lol
Bonus Mounts
Let me know what you think!


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SRD:Power Point Reserve
From D&D Wiki
|This material is published under the OGL
The Power Point Reserve
Psionic characters fuel their abilities through a pool, or reserve, of power points. Your power point reserve is equal to your base power points gained from your class, bonus power points from a high key ability score (see Abilities and Manifesters, below), and any additional bonus power points from sources such as your character race and feat selections.
Back to Main Page → 3.5e Open Game Content → System Reference Document → Powers


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Born: 1925, Lvov, Poland
Describes the hiding place in which his mother survived an Aktion in Lvov [Interview: 1995]
Wilek was the son of Jewish parents living in the southeastern Polish town of Lvov. His family owned and operated a winery that had been in family hands since 1870. Wilek's father died of a heart attack in 1929. Wilek entered secondary school in 1939. Soon after he began school, World War II began with the German invasion of Poland. Lvov was in the part of eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union. Although the Soviets took over Wilek's home and the family business, Wilek was able to continue his schooling. On June 22, 1941, German forces invaded the Soviet Union. The Germans occupied Lvov and established a ghetto there. Wilek was among a small group of Jews who left the ghetto daily to work. making roofing paper for the German army. In 1943, shortly before the Germans destroyed the Lvov ghetto, Wilek obtained false papers, assumed the name of a Christian coworker, and fled to Hungary. He became a courier for the resistance in Budapest and was eventually arrested by the Germans as a Polish spy. He was sent to the Auschwitz camp in October 1944. Wilek was among thousands of prisoners sent on a death march to the German interior as Allied forces advanced. He was liberated by US forces in April 1945, and immigrated to the United States in 1949.
Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC


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Laptops with touch screens aren't new territory for HP. Windows 8 and its touch-friendly interface, however, gives consumers more of a reason to have one, even on traditional laptop designs like the HP Envy TouchSmart Ultrabook 4 (4t-1100 series to be precise).
It looks like a pretty standard laptop, albeit a nice-looking one, with brushed black metal on the outside with nothing but a simple HP logo decorating the lid. There's silver trim around the outside, giving you a hint about the brushed silver metal inside surrounding the keyboard.
The ultrabook branding may make you think the Envy is especially thin and light; it is not. However, at a little less than an inch thick and weighing 4.5 pounds, it's certainly not huge and heavy.
Open it up and you'll see there's barely a bezel around the 14-inch touch screen, so you can more easily take advantage of Windows 8's active edges for opening the Charms bar, closing apps, or flipping through your open windows. The screen's hinges are fairly stiff, but there is still some bounce when tapping and swiping the screen (just how much depends on the angle of the screen and strength of your taps). It does not go all the way flat, so drawing or writing or using the onscreen keyboard isn't a great experience; a Windows 8 tablet or something like the Dell XPS 12 would be a better choice.
For those expecting a 1,920x1,080-pixel resolution display, you'll have to spend more money for the HP Spectre XT TouchSmart; the Envy's resolution is 1,366x768 pixels, which is what we're seeing on many sub-$1,000 ultrabooks. The quality is good with nice color and contrast, though it does invert when you're looking up at it. Off-angle viewing to the sides is fine, though.
The keyboard is shallow, so there's not much key travel. But that can be said of many ultrabooks with island-style keyboards; it's something that gets sacrificed with slimmer bodies. It's otherwise a nice keyboard, with big, square well-spaced keys.
The touch pad is big, but it lacks discrete mouse buttons. Instead you'll just see a line sectioning off the bottom of the pad for left and right clicks. The touch pad is a bit too sensitive to brushes from your palm when typing at the default settings, but it can be adjusted somewhat with its software. A double tap in the upper left corner quickly shuts the pad off.
You can also turn on and off multitouch gestures for pinch-to-zoom, rotate, and two-finger scrolling. And for those times when you don't feel like getting fingerprints on your screen, you can use the touch pad for the active edge functions of Windows 8, such as bringing up the Charms bar.
The speakers are under a grill above the keyboard and are fine for casual listening. They're capable of pushing out decent audio, but, regardless of their Beats Audio processing, you won't mistake them for a good set of external speakers.
Above the screen is an HP TrueVision HD Webcam. It works well with the bundled Cyberlink YouCam software, but you'll still want good lighting to avoid noise and off colors.


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"Mediation" means a non-adversarial process in which a neutral third party encourages and helps disputing parties reach a mutually acceptable agreement. Recommendations by mediators are not binding on the parties unless the parties enter into a settlement agreement incorporating the recommendations.
1998 KRS 446.010 Mediation Defined
The easier question is what should not be mediated. Generally speaking, cases that require a ruling on a question of law, a constitutional interpretation, or some involving domestic violence, are better left to the courts. That means most cases can be settled in mediation. These include but not limited to personal injury, real estate, employment, family and divorce, contract, construction, probate, juvenile offenses, felony offenses, misdemeanor complaints, and medical malpractice.
How to Become a Court-Approved Mediator in Kentucky
Mediation Training
Settlement Week Information
Mediation Roster
Felony Mediation Program
Mediation: Inside Kentucky Courts (web series)


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Well, this one was easy.
English Teacher
You can get the definition of this idiom here.
Well, this one was easy.
Yes, definitely easy.
Can we say that this is just the same as "to eke out a living" ?
Thanks for replies in advance!
Sorry, yes that's what I meant when I wrote you were right. I specifically looked it up to be sure.
These were the meaning in the dictionary: "barely managing", "making something last by being frugal".
I hope that helps.
second is the correct one.
Now students can select Correct answer: It simply means : to have just enough money to live or to continue a business With extra income from private sponsorship, the club is just about managing to keep its head above water.


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Gas Cylinder Handling & Storage
Please complete this form or freecall 1300 85 66 89 for a consultation or inspection.
We only use your personal information for the purposes for which you give it to us and for related, internal management purposes.
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Pizza Obsessives: Andris "Man of Steel" Lagsdin
Slice interviews with folks who are mad about pizza.
There are pizza makers and there are pizza game changers. Today's Pizza Obsessive, Andris Lagsdin, is in the latter camp. Thanks to his Baking Steel, you really are able to create the "crust you crave" at home. A recent Pizza Lab testing has more than a few of us replacing our stones with steel. So without further ado, let's get this pizza hero in the hot seat. —MS
Name: Andris Lagsdin
Location: Cohasset, MA
URL(s): stoughtonsteel.com; Facebook; Twitter @bakingsteel or @andrislagsdin
What type of pizza do you prefer?
I am not partial to any particular style of pizza, although my family seems to gravitate towards NY-style. This past year I've spent a lot of time tweaking dough recipes, toppings and cooking methods to come up with the "Lagsdin Family Style".
The Pizza Cognition Theory states that "the first slice of pizza a child sees and tastes ... becomes, for him, pizza." Do you remember your first slice? Where was it from, is the place still around, and if so, does it hold up? On that note, has your taste in pizza evolved over time?
I remember thick crust, lots of sauce and cheese, cheese, cheese. My dad was working on a project in New Hampshire and my mom would load me, my brother and my sister into the car every weekend to head up to NH to be with my dad. My favorite stop on the way was Mario's in North Conway. At that time (about 36 years ago), Mario's had the best pizza I had ever tasted. I'm not sure they are still in business. It is on my bucket list to find out and go back for a slice someday. My tastes have definitely evolved since then—I tend to lean towards minimal ingredients these days with a crisp, light and airy crust.
What's your favorite topping or topping combination?
My favorite pie is the classic Margherita. There is something so sexy about the simpleness of it—it's what I crave. In terms of topping combinations, I tend to always go simple. To me, less is more. However, I've learned a lot this past year following "My Pie Monday." It's inspiring and exciting to see all the different pizzas each week. I could see myself getting a little more ambitious in terms of topping combinations going forward. Kenji's pie with the pickled peppers and pepperoni looks incredibly tasty and is definitely on my list!
Where do you go for pizza in your area?
Going out for pizza is a pretty rare occurrence in our household, mainly because we enjoy making it ourselves and also, a great pie is hard to come by in our immediate locale. One local spot worth a mention is Bia Bistro, known more for their Mediterranean dishes, however, the pizzas are always my menu item of choice. On those occasions when we do a take-out pizza, it usually comes from Whole Foods, as my youngest son has food allergies and that is the only local place that will accommodate our special requests. Before kids, our favorite place to grab pizza was Al Forno in Providence. Figs in Charlestown is always great and is where my love for pizza really started. I can always count on Regina's or Galleria Umberto in the North End for a great slice as well.
And speaking of Al Forno, which is famous for their grilled pizza, do you make grilled pizza yourself, or ever use the Steel on the grill? I know some Slice'rs who do.
Ah, I was hoping to avoid the grill question. I'm actually on "probation" from using our grill at home. The first time I tried to use the steel on our grill, I made a very rookie mistake. I put the steel on the grill, lit it up, closed the top and took my two boys out for a walk. About 5 minutes later, my wife noticed an obscene amount of smoke pouring out of the grill and into our house. I could see the thick black smoke a block away and knew immediately where it was coming from. I hightailed it home to find the grill and my steel engulfed in flames. My first reaction was to get the whole thing on video, until I got the evil eye from my wife and an extinguisher to the gut. I put out the flames and found my rookie mistake—I completely forgot to empty the grease trap underneath, before lighting the grill. I spent the weekend scrubbing out the residue and I've spent the last year trying to convince my wife to let me try it again. Thank goodness my parents live less than 5 minutes from my office, so I have used it on the grill, but I still need some practice.
Well you are bound to break some eggs when making an omelette. Which bring us to the meat of this interview. How long have you been making pizza, and when did the steel enter into the picture?
I've been making pizza's since I started with Todd English at Figs in the early 90's.
Whoa, now. I gotta interrupt. Are you saying you worked at Figs?
I worked under Todd English for just over 2.5 years in both the kitchen and on his management team.
Wow! We may have to come back to this... So, you were saying.
It's been a pretty casual passion of mine over the years, making pies mostly for my family and hosting pizza parties for my friends. I used to make my pizza's on the back of a metal sheet tray, then switched to a stone for what I thought would help make a better crust. I have had my share of broken stones. I brought the steel into the picture just this past year, after reading excerpts of Modernist Cuisine in a Wall Street Journal article. The article stated that the best way to replicate brick oven pizza at home, was with a steel plate—so I decided to give it a go.
A little over a year ago, I brought home a piece of steel for our oven. My wife looked at me like I had 2 heads and insisted she "wouldn't feed our kids anything I made off of that monstrosity." Well, I made a batch of dough (Figs Boston recipe) and cooked up the pies. She marveled at the browning of the crust and decided to give it a shot—best pizza she ever had at home.
Just so we have the full story, where did you come across your first steel?
The first steel I brought home was actually the base plate from a Caterpillar FlipPad assembly. I pulled it off the production line just before it was to be powder-coated. It was 9 X 17" X ¼ thick and was made for a Caterpillar backhoe. Needless to say, I didn't tell anyone I would be cooking pizza on the plate. My brother thought I was a little out of sorts that day. But it made some pretty good pizza! I've cleaned up the design of the steel since then, and ever since we've been making pizza at least once a week, sometimes more.
I see a nice Caterpillar transformation story emerging. Well we're all glad you took the plunge! What recipes do you use at home now?
Thanks to Slice, we've tried some amazing recipes. Kenji's NY-style dough is a regular "go-to" and probably my sons' favorite dough. Andrew Janjigian from Cook's Illustrated has a great dough recipe that is pretty popular at our house as well and the Seattle Food Geek's Champagne Pizza Dough is a favorite of my wife's. I think all are tremendous. My current "go-to" is a tweaked combination of all three.
Do you care to share your preferred brands for flour, tomatoes, and cheese?
I like the King Arthur brand flours; I generally use their bread flour. For most of my sauces, I use organic tomatoes from Bionaturae. Cheese—I like Trader Joe's whole milk low-moisture mozzarella, and I love baby fontina from Whole Foods.
And what would you say should NEVER go on a pizza?
Never is a pretty strong word. I can't think of any one ingredient that I feel that negatively about. I would be willing to try anything on a pie, as long as I knew the chef/person baking it was passionate about what they were putting out. If they had a good story/reason behind the ingredient, I would give them the benefit of the doubt and try it, before passing judgement.
Most unusual pizza you've ever eaten?
I don't usually stray too far from my favorite, Margherita. I'm of the mindset, "why mess with a good thing." Mark Bello recently introduced me to a Bacon and Egg pie that was absolutely delicious! Not too unusual for some people, but that's probably most unusual for me.
Don't sell yourself short! The cheeseburger pizza you made for My Pie Monday this week looked pretty un-Margherita like!
What's the farthest you've traveled for pizza?
The farthest I can remember going specifically for pizza is probably Al Forno in Providence which is roughly 60 miles. With 2 young sons just starting to figure out the ins and outs of restaurant behavior, I don't like going any farther than our kitchen.
What do your family and/or friends think of your pizza madness?
I'd have to say my pizza madness has reached epic proportions this past year. It's not unusual for me to be up at the crack of dawn, experimenting with methods, or new recipes - which doesn't always go over that well with my wife when the aromas from the kitchen waft upstairs to wake the little ones. But all in all, I think they enjoy the madness. My wife is incredibly supportive and she is happy to see me doing something I feel so passionate about. My friends like receiving all the fruits of my labor - the pizzas!! I've become a very popular dinner guest, as long as I bring my steel and do the cooking.
Anything you'd like to get off your chest?
I received a lot of grief from fellow pizza-makers due to my "rolling-out" the dough on my kickstarter video. I have to admit, at the time of the video, I was nervous about the project at hand and felt that using the pin would give me the best results for video purposes. I do know how to hand-stretch the dough (though I am by no means a pro), and have been practicing ever since.
Oh, I almost forgot, I wanted to return to Figs. Todd English catches a lot of flak in Boston despite having paved the way for a real restaurant scene to take hold. Fig pizzas were some of the first really eye-opening pizzas I had back in the day, though made from a cookbook—not his restaurant. Who are some of your big pizza influences?
Todd was definitely my original inspiration. His passion for food and life were contagious! Everything that led to my love of pizza, I learned from him. While at Figs I also worked with Sara Jenkins who certainly taught me a thing or two about flavoring foods. But honestly, I've learned the most this past year. Since the Baking Steel™, I've been obsessed with all things pizza. Slice and all the great contributors and community members, Kenji (rockstar), Adam, atmast, Imwalkin, to name a few, have all been very inspirational. I've made a lot of great contacts and friends on this journey and I hope it continues for a long while.
I'm sure it will continue. You've made a pretty great contribution to the pizza making community, after all. Now: Who would *you* like to see interviewed next?
I love reading all the pizza obsessives. Everyone has a story to tell. Cornici1 was a big advocate during my kickstarter campaign—has he/she already been in the hot seat?
Cornici1, come out come out wherever you are! Looks like you have been tagged for an upcoming Pizza Obsessives interview. Thanks to you, Andris, for taking time to tell as all a little bit more about yourself. We certainly hope to see more of your pies and you around Slice!
All products linked here have been independently selected by our editors. We may earn a commission on purchases, as described in our affiliate policy.


text: Prospects Men claim first PCSL win June 8, 200812:00AM PDT Previous Next Vancouver Whitecaps Prospects Men recorded their first Pacific Coast Soccer League victory of the season after a 2-1 win at Khalsa Sporting Club on Sunday afternoon. Bart Choufour's youngsters had yet to win in the PCSL's Premier Division this season, but with the additions of Whitecaps Residency duo Drew Russell and Marcus Johnstone, and first-team midfielder Stefan Leslie, the Prospects were able to claim their first points of 2008. Playing in a 4-3-3 formation at Port Coquitlam's Gates Park, it was Ian Clark that struck the first chance of the game over the home side's crossbar on 19 minutes. Six minutes later, Gavin Barrett was unable to take advantage of a poor Khalsa back pass, as he missed the target from close range. At the other end, Khalsa's Donald Kambere got in behind Whitecaps defender Flo Liu before causing a scare with a dangerous cross on 32 minutes before the home side took the lead eight minutes later through Shev Fortunato's penalty after a Khalsa defender was taken down in the Prospects' box. The visitors nearly leveled matters just before the break, but the Khalsa goalkeeper was able to stop Russell's close-range opportunity. For the game's restart, Choufour introduced Johnstone, Milad Mehrabi, and Nat Blaiklock to the action, with the Whitecaps taking the initiative soon after. On 51 minutes, Johnstone knocked a rebound just wide after the Khalsa keeper failed to deal with Mason Trafford's free kick effort from 20 yards out. On 66 minutes, Johnstone forced a good save from Khalsa keeper with a header off a Ben Hemphill free kick. Three minutes later, the Prospects drew themselves level. Leslie fed the ball to Blaiklock before he set up Mehrabi to go one-on-one with his marker on the edge of the Khalsa box. Mehrabi turned his opponent before slotting home a fine finish into the far corner of the goal for 1-1. Full of confidence, the Whitecaps went searching for their first win, with Branden McLean shooting off target before substitute Jordan Whitehead forced the Khalsa keeper into a fine one-on-one save. The Khalsa shot-stopper then denied a Trafford free kick effort with eight minutes remaining, but the visitors would not be denied. With three minutes to go, Johnstone secured the Prospects first PCSL win after slotting home Leslie's reverse pass for the 2-1 away result. The Prospects Men now move on to Wednesday night and an away game with Peace Arch United at South Surrey Athletic Park. Khalsa, meanwhile, face Vancouver Thunderbirds next Saturday in their next league game. Whitecaps Prospects Men - line-up v Khalsa Sporting Club Coady Nett; Branden McLean, Ben Leggett, Mason Trafford, Flo Liu (Nat Blaiklock 45', Lawrence Buchan 83'); Stefan Leslie, Rhys Volkenant, Ben Hemphill (Jordan Whitehead 77'); Ian Clark, Drew Russell (Marcus Johnstone 45'), Gavin Barrett (Milad Mehrabi 45') Previous Next


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Cities challenge California's redevelopment law
League of California Cities filed a lawsuit in Sacramento County Superior Court
California cities announced Monday that they are challenging a law that gives state finance officials the power to take local tax revenue as community redevelopment agencies are being dismantled.
The League of California Cities filed a lawsuit in Sacramento County Superior Court against the state Department of Finance, the Board of Equalization and the state controller.
Executive Director Chris McKenzie said the Legislature passed an unconstitutional law earlier this year giving state finance officials the power to take and withhold tax revenue from cities.
He said finance officials also have not followed basic administrative procedures.
McKenzie said the law authorizes the state to impose penalties that would take sales or property taxes cities need to pay for public safety and other basic services.
"This process has been an extremely painful process for our members," McKenzie said.
Finance spokesman H.D. Palmer said the state will defend AB1484, which was designed to distribute more money to schools and counties.
"We're confident that we will succeed in defending this measure from legal challenges," Palmer said.
Gov. Jerry Brown planned on receiving $3.1 billion from the elimination of about 400 community redevelopment agencies to help close California's budget deficit.
Under the change, more property tax revenue that once went to economic development efforts would be going to local school districts - a move that helps offset state funding for schools.
While most local governments have made redevelopment payments to the state, about two dozen cities have failed to pay or underpaid the state.
They dispute the bill from the administration, saying the state is using unreasonable accounting methods that are inflating their bills.
The lawsuit seeks to have portions of the state law declared unconstitutional.
The league is joined in the suit by the city of Vallejo, which declared bankruptcy in 2008.


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2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class Review
The 2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS, the car that launched a thousand four-door coupes, fortifies its position with a modest re-do that includes a more affordable V-6 version to match up against the Audi A7 and the BMW 6 Series Gran Coupe.
The "starter" CLS
A courtyard full of fresh-for-2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS's at London's posh Rosewood Hotel included a stunning Shooting Brake wagon that, unsurprisingly, will be denied a U.S. visa. One consolation is this fall's 2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS400. This "starter" version's biturbo 3.0-liter V-6 supplies an ample 329 horsepower and 354 pound-feet of torque. That exceeds the Audi A7's 310 horses and 325 pound-feet from its same-sized, supercharged V-6. The Benz biturbo feels as overachieving here as it does in the C400 sedan. Our early hunch predicts a quite-satisfying 0-60 time, sneaking in below six seconds for either the rear-wheel-drive or 4Matic all-wheel-drive versions.
Fuel economy, naturally, should top the 17/25 mpg of the V-8-powered CLS550; while undercutting the CLS550's base price of $74,125. Mercedes didn't reveal pricing as we sampled several versions of 2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS en route to the delightful Goodwood Festival of Speed, but an A7-fighting figure of roughly $67,000 seems a smart bet.
That 2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS550 will continue with its lusty 402-hp 4.7-liter biturbo (with 443 pound-feet), along with its popular 4Matic version for $2500 extra. With transmission one-upmanship all the rage, the CLS550 will also introduce Mercedes' new fuel-sipping, nine-speed 9G-Tronic automatic to America, but only in rear-wheel-drive versions.
Style, evolved
Our first glimpse of the 2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS came at the Dairy Arts centre in London, where New York art superstar Julian Schnabel - a brilliant film director ("Before Night Falls," "The Diving Bell and the Butterfly") but washed-up painter is holding his first gallery show in Britain in fifteen years. Here, the slope-roofed CLS easily overshadowed Schnabel's canvases. This Generation 2.5 version seems the best-looking CLS yet, its revised front end sporting fat air intakes and a chromed diamond grille that resembles a constellation of stars.
American regulators deny us (at least for now) the CLS' big technical hoo-ha: Multibeam LED lighting. Each headlamp module links with a camera and four control units, that calculate the ideal light pattern 100 times per second and can individually control each of 24 LEDs over 255 dimming levels. Besides longer-range illumination, the idea is to precisely illuminate roads and road edges across all speeds and environments, including anticipating curves.
The interior is mostly carryover, including the handsome, sandwich-layered dashboard. But a new eight-inch Comand screen perches atop the dash like a mini drive-in theater. The 2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS also adopts Mercedes' latest gadgets including Distronic cruise with its magic, curve-following Steering Assist.
The graceful, cosseting CLS400 and CLS550 reminded us why swells around the world have bought 120,000 CLS models just since its 2010 redesign: The pontoon-style rear fenders, odd at first, resolve the rear end in a way the boat-tailed original never managed. And by out-styling a conventional E-Class sedan, the CLS hit on a trend-setting formula that makes otherwise rational people pay thousands extra to feel a bit better about themselves, and their car.
AMG's S-Model
Those with $107,425 to blow will feel downright euphoric, via the psychotropic drug called the 2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS63 AMG S-Model 4Matic. But the S-Model version becomes the sole choice, with 577 horses and 590 pound-feet from its 5.5-liter biturbo V-8 and Speedshift seven-speed automatic. All-wheel drive is standard.
Some AMG models struggle to make a case in logic, sticker price or both. But this CLS63 is a sweetheart of the AMG rodeo, dripping with desirability and aggression. On British freeways, the CLS63 flicked lesser cars aside with barbaric glee. Mercedes claims a 3.6-second catapult to 60 mph. Carbon-ceramic brakes are an option for the first time.
Rolling into Goodwood, our convoy of CLS's proved appropriately dressed for the occasion, and easily muscular and rumbly enough to impress this gearhead gathering. Sure, it's based on the E-class, but the 2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS brings an undeniable extra measure of style and performance. Clearly, there's something to be said for this four-door coupe business.
2015 Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class Specifications
- On sale Fall 2014
- Base price $67,000 (est. )/$74,125/$107,425 (CLS400/CLS500/CLS63 AMG)
- Engines 3.0-liter twin-turbo V-6, 329 hp, 354 lb-ft 4.7-liter twin-turbo V-8, 402 hp, 443 lb-ft 5.5-liter twin-turbo V-8, 577 hp, 590 lb-ft
- Transmissions 7- or 9-speed automatic
- Drive Rear- or all-wheel
- Fuel economy N/A


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Ground Segment overview
As well as the challenging task of building and launching a satellite, the success of an Earth observation mission relies on being able to operate the satellite from the ground and ensure that the data gathered are of good quality and made readily available to users.
To achieve this, a flight control centre with an antenna to send commands to the satellite is needed, together with at least one ground station to receive the data as they are 'downlinked' from the satellite as it passes overhead. Facilities for data processing, storage and distribution are also needed.
Last but not least, the quality of the data and the performance on the satellite sensors have to be monitored continuously. If need be, action, such as 'calibration activities', have to be carried out promptly, guaranteeing the overall performance of the mission. These functions are all ensured by the ground segment.
Each Copernicus satellite mission, both the dedicated Sentinel missions as well as each contributing mission, has a ground segment, and is operated independently.
While each ground segment is independent, they are all linked to form the Copernicus Ground Segment. This large space capacity is coordinated through the Space Component Data Access System. Here, data flows from the various ground segments are streamlined – in a way that is as transparent as possible to the users.
The Copernicus Ground Segment is complemented by the Sentinel Collaborative Ground Segment which was introduced with the aim of exploiting the Sentinel missions even further. This entails additional elements for specialised solutions in different technological areas such as data acquisition, complementary production and dissemination, innovative tools and applications, and complementary support to calibration and validation activities.
The Sentinel Core Ground Segment and the Data Access Coordinated System are managed directly by ESA, while other parts are managed by third parties such as National Space Agencies and interface to the core ESA elements via specific agreements with the Agency.


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|Select Grade
|Operating System
Windows 10 Pro
|Processor Speed
|Hard Drive
|Storage Type
|Screen size
On Board
|Optical Drive
|Laptop Display Output
DisplayPort, VGA
All of our products come with a 12 month warranty. In the unlikely event there is an issue with your product within the first 28 days of you receiving it – we will collect and return your item after repair or replace free of charge with zero fuss. After the 28 days the warranty is RTB (Return To Base) which means you must send it back to us and we will pay for return shipping.
What does the warranty cover?
- If it stops working, we will fix it.
- If it can't be fixed, we'll replace it.
- Dedicated Irish help line.
What is not covered under warranty?
- Product must be returned in the same condition it was supplied.
- Accidental damage (including liquid damage) will void your warranty.
- If your device has been tempered with or repaired by a third party the warranty will be voided.
For full warranty information please follow this link
When will it be delivered?
Packages are shipped via An Post Express Parcel Service and delivery generally takes 2-5 working days.
On that day that your item is dispatched you will receive an email with a tracking number which will enable you to track your package online. You will receive your item the next working day.
How will it be delivered?
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How much is home delivery?
- Nationwide Delivery is €7.50
Delivery Times
Our standard deliveries are made between the hours of 8am and 6pm, Monday to Friday. A signature will be required upon delivery.
Can I track my Order?
Yes, you will be sent email updates as your order is processed.
When your package is shipped you will receive a tracking number via email that will allow you to track your order on the An Post website.
What happens if I miss my delivery?
Deliveries are carried out by the An Post courier service. If you are not available to accept your delivery the An Post courier will leave a note for you to collect your item at the local Post Office.
What is included?
Every laptop we sell is supplied with:
- Fully functioning laptop ready to use out of the box
- Charging Cable
- 12 Month Warranty
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Dimensions1 (H x W x D)
- 34.5 (front)/38.4 (rear) x 382.0 x 257.5 mm (1.36 (front)/1.51 (rear) x 15.0 x 10.1 in)
Height with DreamColor display:
- Front
- 36.5 mm (1.44 in)
- Rear
- 40.4 mm (1.59 in)
Stand-alone power requirements (AC Power)
- Nominal operating voltage19.5 V
- Average operating power
- Maximum operating power
< 120 W , < 150 W or < 200 W
- SRS Premium Sound
- Integrated stereo speakers
- Dual-microphone array
- Button for volume mute; function keys for volume up and down
- Stereo headphone/line out
- Stereo microphone/line in
- Optional 720p HD webcam
- HD format (widescreen)
- Supports video conferencing and still image capture
- High quality fixed focus lens
- Video capture at various resolutions up to 1280 x 720 resolution (720p) and up to 30 f/s
- M-JPEG compression supports higher frame rates for video capture and videoconferencing
- Improved low-light sensitivity
- Improved dynamic range
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text: Welcome to Shooter's Point Labradors. We are obviously very partial towards Labrador Retrievers. They are great hunting dogs that can perform at amazing levels when trained properly. We started off with the intent to just have a good hunting dog in Baxter. Our expectations were exceeded as Baxter has produced several progeny now that have earned APLA Grand Master titles, AKC Master Hunters, and are running AKC field trials. From the beginning, it has been the passion of hunting and retrievers that has driven me to be involved in breeding and training. We are a pointing labrador retriever facility that breeds, trains, and boards dogs in east central Illinois in the heart of the best pheasant hunting in Illinois. We have access to thousands of acres of training ground and technical bodies of water to continually offer new training setups for our dogs. We specialize in breeding, but also offer retriever training, basic obedience, and all-breed boarding. We have pups available during the spring and fall each year and started dogs on occasion, as well as a variety of dog training and wing shooting retail products.


text:
When the going gets tough, the tough go shopping, really. Alexandra Lebenthal, for instance, bought back from Merrill Lynch the rights to her iconic family-owned-company name. Then she built a new firm in the worst business climate since the Great Depression.
Now president and CEO of Lebenthal Holdings, on Park Avenue in New York City, she is bringing fresh ideas to RIAs and entrepreneurial financial advisors: the firm's nine-month-old Lebenthal Wealth Advisors division offers an open platform to a broad range of products, high payouts and partner participation.
A Princeton grad, Lebenthal, 50, has led her new enterprise to become the nation's No. 1 woman-owned firm in corporate debt and equity underwriting; Crain's New York Business named it the top woman-owned financial services company in New York in 2011.
At 31, Lebenthal took the reins of the family's municipal bond brokerage business from her father, Jim Lebenthal, of "Built by Bonds" TV and radio ad fame. The company was founded as municipal bond specialists by Alexandra's grandparents, Sayra and Louis Lebenthal, in 1925.
Alexandra joined in a sales capacity in 1988 after working in the muni bond department of Kidder Peabody. By 1995, she was helming Lebenthal.
The firm's new and expanded incarnation focuses on personal wealth management, high-net-worth family offices, and corporate debt and equity underwriting.
Wealth Advisors caters to clients with $2 million to $20 million to invest. Leading the division are Jeffrey Lane, formerly of Bear Stearns Asset Management, Neuberger Berman, Lehman Brothers and Smith Barney; and Frank Campanale, previously of First Allied Wealth Management, Smith Barney and E.F. Hutton.
Andrew Grillo, earlier at Smith Barney too, is Wealth Advisors' president. James B. Lebenthal, who started at Goldman Sachs and joined sister Alexandra in 2007, is CIO and market strategist.
Alexandra, a former treasurer of the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA), and her father co-founded the new firm in 2006. Five years before, the famed family company had been sold to AdVest, which, in 2005, was acquired by Merrill Lynch. At that juncture, the Lebenthals opted to exit.
ThinkAdvisor recently chatted with Alexandra, the mother of three, about launching a business in stormy weather, what makes Wealth Advisors unique and the art of recruiting female advisors. She declined, however, to discuss her work with the secret, elite Wall Street society, Kappa Beta Phi, because, well, that's a secret.
ThinkAdvisor: On one hand, you're a New York society woman, on the boards of cultural institutions and attending galas in super-fancy designer gowns; on the other, you're a high-profile working woman running a business. That's a rare combo!
Alexandra Lebenthal: Yes, it is; and whenever the press refers to me as a socialite, I want to scream because, obviously, that's not who I am at all. But I do enjoy going out. Dressing up and looking pretty takes away a lot of the stress of dealing with money and investments.
Why did you start Wealth Advisors?
So many financial advisors at big firms are utterly miserable, but they don't want to take a big check to go to another firm because they know they're just going to another miserable situation. They're looking for a place where they can have full, open architecture and be a partner. What, then, are you offering instead of a signing bonus?
We have a much higher payout than other firms. It averages about 60% as opposed to 40%, or what advisors are earning now.
What do you have against paying "a big check" upfront?
It doesn't make economic sense for a company to do that. But the big firms have to; otherwise, they'll lose more people than they'll get. It's this circle they all go in.
What makes Wealth Advisors unique compared with other firms?
The open architecture. There's a huge range of choices, with opportunities to choose from any number of different managers and platforms to pick what's right for clients. At the big firms, there's a lot of talk about open architecture, but it's sort of a pre-fab house. Also, our brand is very well known but not one that you'll see on Page C1 of the Wall Street Journal [as being involved in] scandals. It's a pristine name and almost 90 years old.
What's your business plan for Wealth Advisors?
Over the next five years, the goal is to get to $25 billion in AUM. That's modeled on about 100 individual brokers, though some [with us now] have partners.
You already had a wealth management business. Why start Wealth Advisors?
It was small. I consider that to be the seed that Wealth Advisors will grow from. Those are our in-house portfolio managers, and we have added to them by bringing in the international equity team of Heckman Global Advisors.
You're targeting what you call "the lost affluent." Who are these folks?
A lot of people want somebody to handle everything with a dollar sign in front of it – not just investments but bill paying, tax work, health insurance [admin]. That exists if you have $100 million but not $2 million to $20 million. So I've described these people as "lost" because there wasn't a place for them before.
Is your father, who is now chairman emeritus, still active in the company?
He's 86 and comes in every day. He's active in a number of different things – not operationally involved but still a municipal bond cheerleader and an important part of the fabric of the company.
Does he give you business advice?
Once in a while. I don't usually ask him. This morning he told me I was amazing, which made me really happy. But of course, in my typical way, I said, "No, I'm not" and walked out the door.
Yours was an historic family company; yet you sold it. Why?
There were a number of reasons. Family shareholders were looking for an exit. It was an opportunity that was hard to pass up. Whether or not it was the right decision, who knows. But we're here now.
You had to comply with a yearlong non-compete. What did you do between 2005 and 2006?
I went to Bergdorf Goodman every day! I played with my puppy. I enjoyed myself. But I always knew I'd start a new company. I definitely got restless.
You were determined to have the rights to the Lebenthal name returned to you. Was it an ordeal?
Stan O'Neal [former Merrill CEO-chairman] told me "No"; but I didn't give up. I didn't like the fact that I couldn't use my last name and knew that Merrill Lynch wasn't making use of it anyway.
You paid only a token $1,000 for the rights. But launching a new firm is hard, to say the least. Describe that experience.
I was somewhat naïve in thinking that it would be easy and a straight path upward. But it's been just about the most difficult thing anyone could imagine. You've got to build revenues and manage expenses. You've got to have enough capital when you're in the brokerage business. And as a new company, you're untested.
Was starting the Wealth Advisors division just as challenging?
That's actually been really, really fun. I feel that my perseverance over the previous seven years led to where we are now. We've got great prospects. Another RIA and two financial advisors will be joining us in the next month or so, and we're excited.
You're making a big effort to attract women advisors. What's your ideal female recruit?
We're looking for women that are already in the business and have about $150 million in AUM.
Are they difficult to find?
Not entirely. Even though the percentage is small, there are 89,000 female financial advisors. And there are [lists] like Barron's Top 100 Women Financial Advisors. So we know who and where they are.
Though many firms bemoan the lack of female advisors, it seems they're only paying lip service to hiring more. But that's not you.
Obviously, since our firm is led by a woman, there's a great opportunity to attract female advisors. There still aren't enough women in the business. They're so good when it comes to dealing with investors and their money.
Why don't more women want to be advisors?
There aren't a lot of very well known role models to inspire girls to think, while growing up, "Hey, this is the job I want to do and can do." Another reason is that the atmosphere in many branches is still very male-dominated. That's often not the type of environment that a woman wants to be in, feels comfortable in or can grow in. And, too, so many women have been brainwashed into thinking they aren't good at numbers that they feel they don't belong in a business dealing with numbers. How are firms themselves responsible for the shortage of female advisors?
There aren't enough people at senior management level reaching out to women who are in the business to help, sponsor or encourage them to stay even if they get pregnant or may think of leaving for other reasons.
Does recruiting women require a special strategy versus recruiting male advisors?
It's a different process. It takes longer to recruit women. There has to be a softer approach. Every major firm is upset that they don't have more women, but it's not only up to the person who runs wealth management or the CEO. It's got to go down to the branch level, where the manager is actually recruiting.
What methods are you using?
We've had a lot of calls from all the press we're getting. We use [outside recruiters]. And we know a lot of people.
You've described your broker grandmother, Sayre — who retired when she was 93 — as tough. Are you?
No, though once in a while, somebody will say, "You know, you're very intimidating." I always laugh because I don't think I am at all. My grandmother had a rough edge to her, like Maggie Smith's character on [TV's] "Downton Abbey." She said whatever was on her mind. I have a softer edge. I rarely get angry. When I do, it's not pretty — but it's rare.
What's your key strength?
Perseverance. I started this business from scratch during a not-great economic time. But I've always taken the tack that you have to keep going forward. If I hear the word "No," I just keep going until I get to "Yes." And I usually do.
How did the financial crisis affect your company?
Those days when the markets were down 500 or 600 points were pretty terrifying. We were a small company, so access to capital was tough. But we held on. I felt like I had set out in a small sailboat and all of a sudden saw ocean liners sinking next to me: "Oh, God! Here I am in my little boat! Look what's happening to those gigantic boats!"
You felt that you were in jeopardy?
Yes. That was [right] after the Lehman and AIG [debacles]. My husband [Jay Diamond] and I were feeling numb with what was happening and the implications to the economy. Jay is in financial services, formerly with Annaly Capital Management and Lehman Bros. Why he isn't with your company?
That would not be a good thing. I wouldn't want to work with my husband. I love him dearly, but it just wouldn't work.
You wrote a novel, "Recessionistas" (Grand Central-2010) and sold the TV rights to Sony. Now you're working on a how-to book for women investors. Will it discuss investing approaches specifically for women?
It's the same information [as for men]. But women want to be educated before they talk to a financial advisor. They want to feel like they've got some armor when they go to meet with them and can say, "I've read this, and I know everything."
In college, you aspired to be an actress, then got interested in Wall Street. Do you ever get that thespian yen?
When it came right down to it, I wasn't that good an actress. But if my novel gets made into a TV series, I'd love to have a cameo!
More by Jane Wollman Rusoff:


text:
Can Disabled Models Rock the Runway and Reality TV?
A new reality TV modeling competition features physically disabled contestants.
July 1, 2008 -- Blond hair, blue eyes. 5 foot 11, 130 pounds.
One arm.
They're not the typical stats of a would-be model. But "Britian's Missing Top Model" hopes to change all that. The reality competition, premiering tonight in Great Britain on BBC Three follows eight hopefuls vying to prove they have what it takes to make it in the mainstream fashion world. The deal: Contestants pack into a Chelsea penthouse and, over the course of three weeks, get whittled down through a series of challenges. The prize: a high-fashion photo spread in the British edition of Marie Claire magazine.
The difference between this show and "America's Next Top Model": All the women have a disability.
Kelly Knox was born without a left forearm. Lilli Risner is deaf. Debbie Van der Putten is missing most of her right arm. Jenny Johnson is partially paralyzed.
"I was in a very serious car accident in December 2002," said Johnson, 22, a Seattle native who auditioned for the series after a photographer friend noticed an ad on MySpace.com.
"Because of my brain injury, I have a slight limp in my gait. It's a little off. I still walk, I still talk -- too much actually -- but my personality is not anything like it was before the accident. Modeling was a dream I had been working toward for so long," Johnson said.
It's a novel idea for both the modeling industry and reality TV. There are very few disabled models working in mainstream fashion -- Brazilian Brenda Costa, who is deaf, is probably the most famous -- and disabled contestants seldom sign on to reality competitions. And it's timely, with the fashion world under the gun for displaying too little diversity on its runways (Italian Vogue's July issue features all-black models in an attempt to combat that criticism) and, perhaps, too little compassion for the young beauties it absorbs (as in the apparent suicide of 20-year-old Ruslana Korshunova).
"On the one hand [the goal of the show] is to give the girls taking part a shot in the mainstream industry. On the other, it's to challenge general perceptions of what is and isn't beautiful," said co-executive producer Doug James. "Why can't an extremely attractive model in a wheelchair be used to sell the latest Prada outfit?"
While James said the "Missing Top Model" judges won't "say this person is better than this person because they worked harder to overcome their disability," he admitted that "challenges for individuals will be different" based on physical limitations. Johnson felt a recent surgery put her at a disadvantage.
"I had a cast that went clear past my elbow. It held my arm in a certain position, and it was very hard to deal with," she said.
But "Missing Top Model" mentor Jonathan Phang, a former agent whose past clients include Naomi Campbell, Jerry Hall and "America's Next Top Model" host Tyra Banks, said the only thing holding back the show's contestants is the industry's perception of them.
"At this point, people might use a disabled girl for a gimmick. They might exploit it. I don't think the industry uses disability in a positive way right now. But I hope our show will change that," he said. "The girls that we have on this show have all the qualities that a fledging model should have. The disabled girls don't have a problem with their disability. It's the industry that has the problem accepting them."
It's possible a similar series could make it to American screens. Ken Mok, executive producer of "America's Next Top Model," has cast partially blind and mentally disabled contestants before, and he's open to the idea of a competition among all-disabled models.
"If it allows people to see disabled people in a different light than they normally would, I fully applaud that," he said. "That's something Tyra [Banks] and I have always tried to do."
"Missing Top Model's" six-episode run begins tonight, and at the moment, there are no plans to commission a second season. Phang hopes six hours will be enough to show the industry disabled models are employable -- perhaps more so than the girls on the runway now.
"It's easier to accommodate the problems of our girls than the problems of a spoiled teenage model making vast amounts of money with no value for it," he said. "If you don't want to show someone with a missing arm, you just put her in a different position."
But consider this: Months after countries like Spain and Britain instituted rules banning too-thin models from their runways, the skinny, heroin-chic aesthetic still prevails. Sea change doesn't come fast in fashion, regardless of whether its well-meaning and politically correct.
"Fashion is a very perverse, very limited kind of world that has its own sort of ungovernable aesthetic. Historically, it's not a very accommodating place," said Simon Doonan, creative director of Barney's and author of "Eccentric Glamour." "That's why when people try to inject it with some healthy, normal ideas, it doesn't work. There's no reason people can't challenge that aesthetic at any given time, but fashion tends to evolve on its own terms."


text:
Oct 27, 2020
Local CDL Truck Driver Featured
We are seeking a Local CDL Truck Driver to join our team! You will be responsible for safely operating a truck with a capacity of at least 26,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). General Responsibilities: Safely operate a heavy or tractor-trailer truck Pull Orders Correctly Load and unload cargo Properly track and document activity log Report any issues or incidents to dispatch Inspect truck before and after trip Qualifications: Previous experience in truck driving or other related fields Commercial driver's license Ability to handle physical workload Strong work ethic DOT Medical Card
NU Packaging, Inc. Draper,US


text:
Learning how to ride a bike was, sadly, one of the most difficult parts of my childhood. I just couldn't seem to "get it." I get this Tron-inspired learning scooter just fine though. Why is it only a concept?
Crafted by Trek designer Ryan Callahan, this "Trek Light Cycle Push Bike" is one great looking scooter! Sadly, I think its showing last week at TrekWorld 2012 will be about all the facetime it's going to get. Isn't that always the case with these cool looking concepts? [Bicycle Design via Wired Gadget Lab via DVICE]


text:
U.S. Stock Futures Edge Down
U.S. stock futures moved slightly lower ahead of manufacturing and consumer-sentiment data, as the market struggled to maintain recent sharp gains at the end of a volatile month. Brendan Conway reports.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the the ... over to the markets the Dow winners Friday track for its best first half performance since nineteen ninety nine Brendan Conway is from Barron's has a preview of the markets for in a pretty good morning went well okay so ... Mark Dixie flatten out this morning how come ... yes so ... there's a headline over ... over over over over over over Dow Jones ... basically saying that no one by improving and folks might have been anticipating in Germany ... I'm not going to happen the CBD night that's in it just tells you how sensitive the market remains to every little blip of news on central bank policy so we're gonna get potentially money printing out of the ECB but out of Germany ECB now twenty three and a German newspaper ... on the Sunday came and said Mr. ... are a great so on the month at the markets had been up to now they're ... rather glad that Scarlett while they open up into the small been lost ... okay let's turn over to loosen three stocks are looking at ... first one is a stock but we keep looking at gold ... yet you know ... gold is really interesting I think wealth because ... gold has taken a nosedive with this fear that the Federal Reserve is going to ... end its bond buying program which is viewed as ... positive for gold ... the thing is ... the price continued to slide this week even though this news was out ... and I think just the way they fund managers ... engaging with called window dressing at the end of the quarter ... by buying stocks that make them look good ... they're doing something like when Bill undressing of cold ... they're selling it because they don't want to have to explain why they're in what has been a big loser to position a quarterly investor letter they didn't have to explain and then on to do that okay next tank censure ... eccentricities of things and yet that stock the stock has been up this year by about twenty percent it's down over nine percent in pre market ... could wipe out about half of the year's gains ... up revenue slowdown only had to cut their forecasts ... this is a story about Europe especially ... the help of high priced consulting services to start going over in Europe which ... remains in a month for sluggish ... economic that said Mr. Hewlett's like IBM I would imagine that it's the acronym big party their businesses consulting and we might see some read through for some this big global companies ok any other ones who should think about ... Molycorp is interesting this is one of those go go stocks for a couple years ago soared up to seventy dollars ... now it's back around six this was up nine percent this phony because ... an investigation into ... their filings ... was clear there basically cleared by regulators to ... traders who like the story and came back into it ... on its way Earth's metal stocks though this is the story from ten years ago when ... everyone was afraid that this market dominated by China ... I will what what would really bottleneck ... op hasn't been the case those prices of this fall okay ... Brendan Conway from Barron's thank so much things well from our markets come back for money beats at ten thirty


text:
Recipe from Ruthie Huckaby of DeRidder, La.
Prep Time: 15 min
Total Time: 55 mins
4 cans French Style Green Beans, drained
1-stick margarine
1 small diced onion
1/4 cup plain flour
1 cup milk
1/2 teaspoon salt
2 shakes tabasco sauce
2 teaspoon soy sauce
1 can cream of mushroom soup
1 small jar cheese whiz
optional- 1 can waterchestnuts and 1/2 cup slivered almonds
1. Heat sauce ingredients in pot, mix with green beans.
2. Bake at 375 degrees for 40 minutes.
Servings: 8 to 10
Comments: Different kind of Green Bean Casserole.
*DISCLAIMER*: The information contained in or provided through this site section is intended for general consumer understanding and education only and is not intended to be and is not a substitute for professional advice. Use of this site section and any information contained on or provided through this site section is at your own risk and any information contained on or provided through this site section is provided on an "as is" basis without any representations or warranties.


text:
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Makefile.am for a simple program
- 3 Makefile.am for shared libraries
- 4 Makefile.am for a plugin or module
- 5 Sharing code with convenience libraries
- 6 Makefile.am for automated tests
- 7 Installing data
- 8 Uninstalling a .desktop file
- 9 Other types of source files
- 10 Adding subdirectories to the build
- 11 Toplevel directories
- 12 Documentation
This is the Makefile.am HOWTO (English version). Makefile.am is a file used to describe how to build KDE programs. Usually each subdirectory in a KDE module has a Makefile.am. As you may guess from the name, it is supposed to be similar to a Makefile, but it processed first by the KDE build system, then by the autotools to generate the final Makefile.
This is the build system for KDE 3. KDE 4 uses a different build system, CMake.
Makefile.am for a simple program
# Notice the bin_ prefix.
bin_PROGRAMS = kdialog
kdialog_SOURCES = kdialog.cpp widgets.cpp
kdialog_LDADD = $(LIB_KIO)
kdialog_LDFLAGS = $(all_libraries) $(KDE_RPATH)
AM_CPPFLAGS = $(all_includes)
bin means that you want to create something that will install into the bin directory of KDE. *_PROGRAMS means you want to compile a program. Use _SCRIPTS for scripts, etc. Then you can see the name of the program, which is what is used in the lines below to define what has to be done to create that program.
You list all of the source files that need to be compiled for each of the PROGRAMS you have listed. Don't include header files or other files that don't need processed in the build procedure.
This variable is used for each program to define the libraries that the program links to. You can use three types of libraries references:
- A library reference as you would pass it to gcc. (Like -lfoo)
- A relative path to a Libtool library (Like ../path/to/thelib.la).
- A library macro set by the KDE build system. (Like $(LIB_KIO)). It is recommended to use the macro version if set by the KDE build system.
If a library (A) depends on another library (B), you don't need to specify the dependency library (B). But if you do, (e.g. because the dependencies on A might change), make sure you specify A before B. So usually libtool .la libraries are first, then $(LIB_*), then -lfoo if any.
This defines any flags that need to be passed to the linker. Note that the flags do not get passed to the linker by using _LDADD! These can be -L flags (to change the library search path, usually set by configure into a variable). $(all_libraries) contains all the -L flags necessary to find Qt and KDE, so you must have it there. For programs you should also add $(KDE_RPATH), it helps to get installed programs to find their libraries without having to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH.
These specify additional compilation flags. This must contain $(all_includes). This is also where other compile-time flags like -DWITHOUTBUGS and -I$(srcdir)/subdir go.
Note that $(srcdir) and . (the build directory) are always included automatically. You may find that Makefile.am files in KDE still use INCLUDES (the old name for AM_CPPFLAGS), but AM_CPPFLAGS is the recommended way to add include paths and other compilation flags.
There is also KDE_CXXFLAGS. It is always appended to the end of the other flags used in the build, so it can undo one of the flags set by the KDE build framework. This is the case for exception handling support, which is disabled by default. If you want to use exception handling you need to write
METASOURCES = AUTO is the magic line that makes the KDE build system take care of the moc files automatically. It is the recommended way if all your .cpp/.cc files include their .moc file (this is the best way since it gives faster compilation), or if you are compiling a single binary/library.
In case you have multiple binaries/libraries in the same directory, you might need to use the longer form of
libfoo_la_METASOURCES = myfile.moc myotherfile.moc
mybinary_METASOURCES = someotherfile.moc
Here is an example Makefile.am for a simple library.
AM_CPPFLAGS = $(all_includes)
lib_LTLIBRARIES = libkonq.la
libkonq_la_LIBADD = $(LIB_KPARTS)
libkonq_la_LDFLAGS = $(all_libraries) -version-info 6:0:2 -no-undefined
libkonq_la_SOURCES = popupmenu.cc knewmenu.cpp ...
The lib_ prefix means that the library will be installed in /lib. Then comes the name of the library, always followed by .la (which stands for Libtool archive). Note that this becomes _la in the lines that refer to it.
means "LibTool libraries". In other words, it lets the autotools know that libraries should be handled using the libtool program. You should always use this for libraries.
This is the list of libraries that this library depends on. Note that it is LDADD for programs and LIBADD for libraries, since it's not exactly the same thing. A library only remembers which other libraries it depends on, it doesn't link them into the final library. See LDADD for recommendations about how to order dependencies.
This contains the list of flags passed to the linker. $(all_libraries) is required as usual, but also the version number of the library (see [info:/libtool/Libtool%20versioning info:/libtool/Libtool versioning (Konqueror link only)] for more details). The -no-undefined flag is strongly recommended, as it allows the build system to check at link time that the library has no undefined symbols. If any undefined symbols show up, it means that you either forgot to implement a method, or that a dependant library is missing in the LIBADD line.
The rest of the lines are similar to the compiling a binary case.
Makefile.am for a plugin or module
All dynamically opened pieces of code (including plugins, KParts, kdeinit modules, Kicker applets and KIOSlaves) can be called a "DSO" (Dynamic Shared Object) or more simply for our purposes, a module.
All modules should be installed into the "kde_module" directory, which is usually $KDEPREFIX/lib/kde3. Therefore the main difference with a shared library is that one should use
kde_module_LTLIBRARIES = something.la (Note that the library name doesn't have to start with lib). For more details on the naming conventions and _LDFLAGS necessary for the various types of modules, please read kdelibs/NAMING.
Sharing code with convenience libraries
If you are compiling the same source file with the same option into two shared libraries, or into two programs, which are in the same directory, and using the same compilation options, then that's fine, you can list it in both _SOURCES lines. It will in fact be compiled only once, and the object file will be used by both targets.
However, if you are using the same source file in a library and a program, or if you are sharing it between different directories, then you can't list it in both _SOURCES lines. This is because a library and a program need different compilation options (-fPIC), and in case of different directories, because automake doesn't support source files in other dirs. Instead, you should put the shared source files in either a shared library (installed) or in a convenience library. The latter is a static library (*.a on Unix), which isn't installed as is. The targets (shared libs or programs) that "link" to the convenience library will in fact incorporate the object files from it.
To define a convenience library:
# Just as bin_ means install to /bin and lib_ means
- install to lib/, noinst_ means not to install at all.
noinst_LTLIBRARIES = libcommon.la
libcommon_la_SOURCES = dirk.cpp coolo.cpp ...
- no need for LIBADD or LDFLAGS, strictly speaking, but it can help
- if e.g. this code needs $(LIBJPEG), all users of this convenience
- lib won't have to specify it.
- Then you can use the convenience lib:
mylib_la_LIBADD = libcommon.la
myprogram_LDADD = libcommon.la
This is also the way that you can compile source files in subdirectories. Automake does not allow
foo_SOURCES = subdir/bar.cc
You have to define a convenience library inside of subdir, and use that from the toplevel directory.
Makefile.am for automated tests
This is an example Makefile.am for an automated test program.
check_PROGRAMS = mytestprog.cpp
TESTS = mytestprog
mytestprog_SOURCES = mytestprog.cpp
mytestprog_LDFLAGS = $(all_libraries) $(KDE_RPATH)
mytestprog_LDADD = ../libcommon.la
AM_CPPFLAGES = -I$(srcdir)/.. $(all_includes)
A common way of adding automated tests to your application is to create a subdirectory called tests. Add tests to the SUBDIRS line in parent Makefile.am and create a Makefile.am in the new tests directory. Use create_makefile (from kdesdk/scripts) to create the new Makefile, and now when you type make check the test program will be compiled (due to check_PROGRAMS) and run (due to TESTS). If the test program returns a non-zero value, make prints out an error message and stops. If the test program shouldn't run automatically (e.g. because it's interactive), omit the TESTS line.
Note that the test program needs to link to a library (either shared or convenience lib) containing the code it's testing. Don't link to a program, KPart, plugin (or other module).
In case your test program needs command-line arguments, use a check-local target to launch it instead of TESTS:
check-local: mytestprog
./mytestprog $(srcdir)/datafile
This is Makefile syntax, the second line needs to start with a tab.
Installing data
Header files
To install header files:
include_HEADERS = foo.h bar.h
If the class uses a namespace, e.g. KParts, then the header file should be installed into kparts/foo.h
To do that:
kpartsincludedir = $(includedir)/kparts
kpartsinclude_HEADERS = foo.h bar.h
The first line defines a new directory, the second line installs the files into it. The name before dir and _HEADERS must be the same, but other than that it doesn't matter much what it is.
Data files
To install data files into a standard directory (not a directory path, see below for that), use dirname_DATA.
For instance a Type=Service .desktop file should go into $(kde_servicesdir), therefore you should write:
kde_services_DATA = foo.desktop
To install data files into a custom directory, you must first define it, then you can use it:
myappfoodir = $(kde_datadir)/kmyapp
myappfoo_DATA = bar.desktop
This installs bar.desktop into $KDEPREFIX/share/apps/kmyapp.
For a K Menu entry use:
xdg_apps_DATA = kmyapp.desktop
To install icons for all KDE applications to use, you can use
However, if you only need to use icons in one application, you should install the icons into the application's specific directory by doing the following:
appicondir = $(kde_datadir)/myapp/icons
appicon_ICON = AUTO
For AUTO to work (and for the icon loading to work), you need to follow this icon naming convention: themesize-type-name.png (extension can also be .svgz, see below).
- Theme is hi, lo, or cr for hicolor, locolor, or crystal. The crystal theme is the KDE default, but icons installed there will not be picked up in other desktop environments. Use hicolor for that.
- Size is 16, 22, or 32 for locolor. For hicolor and crystal the size can be 16, 22, 32, 48, 64, or 128, or sc. sc stands for scalable, and the icon should be in SVG format, compressed with GZip, and ending in .svgz instead of .png. The 22x22 size is the default toolbar icon size.
- Type is one of the following:
- 'app' for an application icon.
- 'mime' for a mimetype icon.
- 'action' for a menu item, toolbar button, or other KAction.
- 'filesys' for a filesystem icon (directories, etc.)
- or 'device' for the cdrom/floppy/hard disk/etc. icons.
You can find the same icon types in the icon chooser dialog as well.
- cr32-app-konqueror.png: Application icon.
- cr32-action-insert_frame.png: Toolbar button. Note the use of the underscore, as no hyphen is allowed in the name.
- cr16-action-insert_frame.png: Menu item.
Uninstalling a .desktop file
If you rename or delete a .desktop file, you might want to "uninstall" the old file, i.e. to overwrite it at install time with a file that says "deleted" in order to provide a smoother migration for people installing from sources.
The first step is to add a file called uninstall.desktop to your sources. It can be shared among subdirectories if needed. It should contain the following lines:
[Desktop Entry]
Now you should edit Makefile.am and add:
install-data-local: uninstall.desktop
$(mkinstalldirs) $(DESTDIR)/$(kde_datadir)/kmyapp
$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/uninstall.desktop $(DESTDIR)
where $(kde_datadir)/kmyapp is just an example, it should be replaced with the directory where the .desktop was installed to. Don't forget to prepend $(DESTDIR).
Other types of source files
Qt Designer UI files
To compile Qt Designer UI files, use
foo_SOURCES = mydialog.ui
DCOP stubs and skeletons
To compile a DCOP stub (the client side, calling methods) or skeleton (the "server" side, where the object is implemented), use
foo_SOURCES = client.stub obj.skel
This works if the header file is in the current directory. Otherwise you need to specify where it is, for example:
KDesktopIface_DIR = $(top_srcdir)/kdesktop
foo_SOURCES = KDesktopIface.stub
Generated sources
To generate sources yourself (e.g. with a Perl script), use
generated.cpp $(srcdir)/myscript $(srcdir)/mydata
$(PERL) $(srcdir)/myscript $(srcdir)/mydata -o [email protected]
CLEANFILES = generated.cpp
(Note the Makefile syntax, the second line needs to start with a tab). For generated .cpp files only, this is sufficient, simply add the generated .cpp file to a _SOURCES line. For a generated header file, you might have to ensure that it is compiled first, either with proper dependencies like:
foo.lo: myheader.h or with
target_COMPILE_FIRST = myheader.h
In case there are a large number of compiled files, you can still use variables, to list them only once in CLEANFILES and target_COMPILE_FIRST, but you still need to write a two-line rule for each file.
Adding subdirectories to the build
In the normal case you need only list the subdirectories to add to the build:
SUBDIRS = foo bar
The current directory "." is implicitly last, so that the current directory compiles after all the subdirectories. To compile some subdirectories after the current directory, insert "." explicitly, like the following:
SUBDIRS = mylib . myplugins
To automatically compile all subdirectories, use
To compile a subdirectory optionally, you need to use the Automake Conditional feature. The Makefile.am will look like this:
if compile_KOPAINTER
KOPAINTERDIR = kopainter
SUBDIRS = foo bar $(KOPAINTERDIR)
The Automake Conditional will be either true or false depending on whether the configure script found whatever feature it was looking for. To use it in the Makefile.am you need to declare it in your configure.in.in file:
AM_CONDITIONAL(compile_KOPAINTER, ...)
The second argument is the test, for instance
test "$foo" = "yes"
Normally you would have run the test in question in the configure.in.in to define the value of foo before setting the AM_CONDITIONAL. An abbreviated example from kdemultimedia/juk:
KDE_CHECK_HEADER(tunepimp/tp_c.h, have_musicbrainz=yes)
AM_CONDITIONAL(link_lib_MB, test "x$have_musicbrainz" = xyes)
Toplevel directories
The previous section is only for subdirectories of toplevel directories (toplevel directories are like kdebase/libkonq or kdenetwork/kopete, i.e. a directory below the module). The toplevel directories of a KDE source module are handled in a special way: they are automatically detected, so you don't need a SUBDIRS line there. However you might want to have some control on the ordering, in case of dependencies, so you can write something like this in the Makefile.am.in file for the module:
COMPILE_AFTER_kcontrol = kdm kdesktop
COMPILE_BEFORE_konqueror = libkonq
If you want configure to optionally skip a toplevel directory, use this in the configure.in.in code (in the module):
DO_NOT_COMPILE = "$DO_NOT_COMPILE foobar"
For the language of the documentation:
KDE_LANG = en
If the directories are the application names (e.g. kdebase/doc/kdm will install as "kdm") then you can use the autodetection:
You can also force a particular installation directory:
KDE_DOCS = kcontrol/mouse


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The S-75 Dvina (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defense system, built around a command guided surface-to-air missile. Since its first deployment in 1957 it has become the most widely deployed air defense system in history. It scored the first destruction of an enemy aircraft by a surface-to-air missile, shooting down a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra over China, on October 7, 1959, hitting it with three V-750 (1D) missiles at an altitude of 20 km (65,600 ft). The success was attributed to Chinese fighters at the time in order to keep the S-75 program secret.[2]
This system first gained international fame when an S-75 battery, using the newer, longer-range and higher-altitude V-750VN (13D) missile shot down the U-2 of Francis Gary Powers overflying the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960.[3] The system was also deployed in Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, where on October 27, 1962, it shot down a U-2 overflying Cuba flown by Rudolf Anderson, almost precipitating nuclear war.[4] North Vietnamese forces used the S-75 extensively during the Vietnam War to defend Hanoi and Haiphong. It has also been locally produced in the People's Republic of China using the names HQ-1 and HQ-2. Other nations have produced so many local variants combining portions of the S-75 system with both indigenously developed components or third-party systems that it has become virtually impossible to find a pure S-75 system today.
In the early 1950s, the United States Air Force rapidly accelerated its development of long-range jet bombers carrying nuclear weapons. The USAF program led to the deployment of Boeing B-47 Stratojet supported by aerial refueling aircraft to extend its range deep into the Soviet Union. The USAF quickly followed the B-47 with the development of the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, which had greater range and payload than the B-47. The range, speed, and payload of these U.S. bombers posed a significant threat to the Soviet Union in the event of a war between the two countries.
Consequently, the Soviets initiated the development of improved air defense systems. Although the Soviet Air Defence Forces had large numbers of anti-aircraft artillery (AAA), including radar-directed batteries, the limitations of guns versus high-altitude jet bombers were obvious. Therefore, the Soviet Air Defense Forces began the development of missile systems to replace the World War II-vintage gun defenses.
In 1953, KB-2 began the development of what became the S-75 under the direction of Pyotr Grushin. This program focused on producing a missile which could bring down a large, non-maneuvering, high-altitude aircraft. As such it did not need to be highly maneuverable, merely fast and able to resist aircraft counter-measures. For such a pioneering system, development proceeded rapidly, and testing began a few years later. In 1957, the wider public first became aware of the S-75 when the missile was shown at that year's May Day parade in Moscow.
Wide-scale deployment started in 1957, with various upgrades following over the next few years. The S-75 was never meant to replace the S-25 Berkut surface-to-air missile sites around Moscow, but it did replace high-altitude anti-aircraft guns, such as the 130 mm KS-30 and 100 mm KS-19. Between mid-1958 and 1964, U.S. intelligence assets located more than 600 S-75 sites in the USSR. These sites tended to cluster around population centers, industrial complexes, and government control centers. A ring of sites was also located around likely bomber routes into the Soviet heartland. By the mid-1960s, the Soviet Union had ended the deployment of the S-75 with perhaps 1,000 operational sites.
In addition to the Soviet Union, several S-75 batteries were deployed during the 1960s in East Germany to protect Soviet forces stationed in that country. Later the system was sold to most Warsaw Pact countries and was provided to China, North Korea, and eventually, North Vietnam.
While the shooting down of Francis Gary Powers' U-2 in 1960 is the first publicized success for the S-75, the first aircraft actually shot down by the S-75 was a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft. In this case, the aircraft was hit by a Chinese-operated S-75 site near Beijing on October 7, 1959. Over the next few years, the Taiwanese ROCAF would lose a number of aircraft to the S-75: both RB-57s and various drones. On May 1, 1960, Gary Powers's U-2 was shot down while flying over the testing site near Sverdlovsk, although it is thought to have taken 14 missiles to hit his high-flying plane. That action led to the U-2 Crisis of 1960. Additionally, Chinese S-75s downed five ROCAF-piloted U-2s based in Taiwan.[5]
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, a U-2 piloted by USAF Major Rudolf Anderson was shot down over Cuba by an S-75 in October 1962.[6]
In 1965, North Vietnam asked for some assistance against American airpower, for their own air-defense system lacked the ability to shoot down aircraft flying at high altitude. After some discussion it was agreed to supply the PAVN with the S-75. The decision was not made lightly, because it greatly increased the chances that one would fall into US hands for study. Site preparation started early in the year, and the US detected the program almost immediately on April 5, 1965. While military planners pressed for the sites to be attacked before they could become operational, their political leaders refused, fearing that Soviet technical staff might be killed.
On July 24, 1965, a USAF F-4C aircraft was shot down by an SA-2.[7] Three days later, the US responded with Operation Iron Hand to attack the other sites before they could become operational. Most of the S-75 were deployed around the Hanoi-Haiphong area and were off-limits to attack (as were local airfields) for political reasons. President Lyndon Johnson announced on public TV that one of the other sites would be attacked the next week. The Vietnamese removed the missiles and replaced them with decoys, while moving every available anti-aircraft gun into the approach routes. The tactic worked, causing heavy American casualties.[citation needed]
The missile system was used widely throughout the world, especially in the Middle East, where Egypt and Syria used them to defend against the Israeli Air Force, with the air defense net accounting for the majority of the downed Israeli aircraft. The last apparent success seems to have occurred during the War in Abkhazia (1992–1993), when Georgian missiles shot down a Russian Sukhoi Su-27 fighter near Gudauta on March 19, 1993.[8]
Between 1965 and 1966, the US delivered a number of solutions to the S-75 problem. The Navy soon had the Shrike missile in service and mounted their first offensive strike on a site in October 1965. The Air Force responded by fitting B-66 bombers with powerful jammers (that blinded the early warning radars) and by developing smaller jamming pods for fighters (that denied range information to the radars). Later developments included the Wild Weasel aircraft, which were fitted with anti-radiation air-to-surface missile systems made to home in on the radar from the threat. This freed them to shoot the sites with Shrikes of their own.
The Soviets and Vietnamese, however, were able to adapt to some of these tactics. The USSR upgraded the radar several times to improve ECM (electronic counter measure) resistance. They also introduced a passive guidance mode, whereby the tracking radar could lock on the jamming signal itself and guide missiles directly towards the jamming source. This also meant the SAM site's tracking radar could be turned off, which prevented Shrikes from homing in on it. Moreover, some new tactics were developed to combat the Shrike. One of them was to point the radar to the side and then turn it off briefly. Since the Shrike was a relatively primitive anti-radiation missile, it would follow the beam away from the radar and then simply crash when it lost the signal (after the radar was turned off). SAM crews could briefly illuminate a hostile aircraft to see if the target was equipped with a Shrike. If the aircraft fired one, the Shrike could be neutralized with the side-pointing technique without sacrificing any S-75s. Another tactic was a "false launch" in which missile guidance signals were transmitted without a missile actually being launched. This could distract enemy pilots, or even occasionally cause them to drop ordnance prematurely to lighten their aircraft enough to dodge the nonexistent missile.
Despite these advances, the US was able to come up with effective ECM packages for the B-52E models. These planes were able to fly raids against Hanoi with relatively few losses (though still significant enough to cause some concern; see Operation Linebacker II).
Soviet Air Defence Forces started to replace the S-75 with the vastly superior SA-10 and SA-12 systems in the 1980s. Today only a few hundred, if any, of the 4,600 missiles are still in Russian service, even though they underwent a modernization program as late as 1993.
The S-75 remains in widespread service throughout the world, with some level of operational ability in 35 countries. Vietnam and Egypt are tied for the largest deployments at 280 missiles each, while North Korea has 270, and Poland has 240. The Chinese also deploy the HQ-2, an upgrade of the S-75, in relatively large numbers.
The Soviet Union used a fairly standard organizational structure for S-75 units. Other countries that have employed the S-75 may have modified this structure. Typically, the S-75 is organized into a regimental structure with three subordinate battalions. The regimental headquarters will control the early-warning radars and coordinate battalion actions. The battalions will contain several batteries with their associated acquisition and targeting radars.
Each battalion will typically have six, semi-fixed, single-rail launchers for their V-750 missiles positioned approximately 60 to 100 m (200 to 330 ft) apart from each other in a hexagonal "flower" pattern, with radars and guidance systems placed in the center. It was this unique "flower" shape that led to the sites being easily recognizable in reconnaissance photos. Typically another six missiles are stored on tractor-trailers near the center of the site.
The V-750 is a two-stage missile consisting of a solid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage, which burns red fuming nitric acid as the oxidizer and kerosene as the fuel. The booster fires for about 4–5 seconds and the main engine for about 22 seconds, by which time the missile is traveling at about Mach 3. The booster mounts four large, cropped-delta wing fins that have small control surfaces in their trailing edges to control roll. The upper stage has smaller cropped-deltas near the middle of the airframe, with a smaller set of control surfaces at the extreme rear and (in most models) much smaller fins on the nose.
The missiles are guided using radio control signals (sent on one of three channels) from the guidance computers at the site. The earlier S-75 models received their commands via two sets of four small antennas in front of the forward fins, while the D model and later models used four much larger strip antennas running between the forward and middle fins. The guidance system at an S-75 site can handle only one target at a time, but it can direct three missiles against it. Additional missiles could be fired against the same target after one or more missiles of the first salvo had completed their run, freeing the radio channel.
The missile typically mounts a 195 kg (430 lb) fragmentation warhead, with proximity, contact, and command fusing. The warhead has a lethal radius of about 65 m (213 ft) at lower altitudes, but at higher altitudes the thinner atmosphere allows for a wider radius of up to 250 m (820 ft). The missile itself is accurate to about 75 m (246 ft), which explains why two were typically fired in a salvo. One version, the SA-2E, mounted a 295 kg (650 lb) nuclear warhead of an estimated 15 Kiloton yield or a conventional warhead of similar weight.
Typical range for the missile is about 45 km (28 mi), with a maximum altitude around 20,000 m (66,000 ft). The radar and guidance system imposed a fairly long short-range cutoff of about 500 to 1,000 m (1,600 to 3,300 ft), making them fairly safe for engagements at low level.
The S-75 typically uses the Spoon Rest early warning radar which has a range of about 275 km (171 mi). The Spoon Rest provides early detection of incoming aircraft, which are then handed off to the acquisition Fan Song radar. These radars, having a range of about 65 km (40 mi), are used to refine the location, altitude, and speed of the hostile aircraft. The Fan Song system consists of two antennas operating on different frequencies, one providing elevation (altitude) information and the other azimuth (bearing) information. Regimental headquarters also include a Spoon Rest, as well as a Flat Face long-range C-band radar and Side Net height-finder. Information from these radars is sent from the regiment down to the battalion Spoon Rest operators to allow them to coordinate their searches. Earlier S-75 versions used a targeting radar known as Knife Rest, which was replaced in Soviet use, but can still be found in older installations.
Upgrades to anti-aircraft missile systems typically combine improved missiles, radars, and operator consoles. Usually missile upgrades drive changes to other components to take advantage of the missile's improved performance. Therefore, when the Soviets introduced a new S-75, it was paired with an improved radar to match the missile's greater range and altitude.
As previously mentioned, most nations with S-75s have matched parts from different versions or third-party missile systems, or they have added locally produced components. This has created a wide variety of S-75 systems which meet local needs.


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Mandela, who has been hospitalized since June 8, is in critical condition.
South Africans reacted with concern Sunday when they learned that Nelson Mandela's condition had worsened to critical, and while some said they hope the former president and national hero recovers, they also said they are tired of the circus surrounding his illness.
"He's old, he's lived a great life, they should just let him go," said Ronelle Du Toit, 27, branch administrator at a property company in Johannesburg. "Stop anticipating and asking for prayers to keep him alive. He's 94 – how many people live to 94?"
"It would be better to prepare the nation for his death," he added.
On Sunday, Mandela's condition deteriorated and doctors "are doing everything possible" for him, South Africa officials said. Mandela has been hospitalized since June 8.
Professor Sarah Nutall of the University of the Witwatersrand said many South Africans are hurt over the way the former president is being treated by his family and the government.
"People are deeply disturbed about the small-mindedness of some members of his family," said Nutall, a contributing author to The Cambridge Companion to Nelson Mandela, due out next year. "Unlike (Martin Luther King) and Gandhi, he was not assassinated. We want to grant him the opportunity to die at peace at home."
Last month, it was revealed in court that Mandela's daughters, Makaziwe Mandela and Zenani Dlamini, were trying to access the family's trust of $1.3 million for themselves. Nelson Mandela has said the money was intended to last for generations.
Other members of the family have used the Mandela name in a 13-episode reality TV show, Being Mandela.
Less than two months ago, the governing African National Congress (ANC) was criticized on Twitter for taking a picture with a frail-looking Mandela. Some in South Africa accused the ANC of trying to cash in on the popularity of the former president as he recovered from pneumonia.
"The politicians have to let Mandela rest in peace. This guy did his job for the people," said security guard Lebogang Jack, 33.
South Africans are already looking to a future without Mandela, including national elections next year.
Even if Mandela dies before the next election in 2014, some South Africans doubt it will have a major impact on the results.
"The ANC have a strong psychological hold on large segments of the population," Nutall said.
Others say the ANC has given up on many of the values that Mandela stood for.
"I think that corruption and crime (are) the biggest disappointment to Mandela's struggle and what he fought for," said Kavisha Pillay, 21. "They let the dream down."
Daryl Glaser, head of the political science department at the University of Witwatersrand, says Mandela will remain "a politically valuable" symbol for the ANC.
"Reverence for Mandela helps to cement the ANC's popular legitimacy at home and bolsters its stature abroad," he said. "South Africa's future will be shaped in part by whether the ANC continues or repudiates Mandela's legacy of economic pragmatism and racial reconciliation."
Some hope that legacy will endure.
"I hope (his death) will invigorate social movements, especially against poverty," Nutall said. "I hope that his death will reinvigorate that kind of activism among ordinary people."


text:
Donald McBurney and co-author Theresa White bring years of dedicated scholarship, research, and teaching experience to RESEARCH METHODS. This concise text puts psychological research into a larger scientific context, to show students how psychology fits into a scientific approach to understanding the world. The authors cover all stages of the research process using a step-by-step approach, from project selection, literature search and research protocol selection to publication processes. Utilizing a wide variety of problems that have been selected from psychological literature, McBurney and White successfully convey the excitement and creativity of designing and conducting research.White, Theresa L. is the author of 'Research Methods ', published 2006 under ISBN 9780495092087 and ISBN 0495092088.[read more]
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