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Substance Abuse in Rural Areas
Though often perceived to be a problem of the inner city, substance abuse has long been prevalent in rural areas. Rural adults have higher rates of alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and methamphetamine use, while prescription drug abuse and heroin use has grown in towns of every size.
Substance abuse can be especially hard to combat in rural communities due to limited resources for prevention, treatment, and recovery. According to The 2014 Update of the Rural-Urban Chartbook, the substance abuse treatment admission rate for nonmetropolitan counties was highest for alcohol as the primary substance, followed by marijuana, stimulants, opiates, and cocaine.
Factors contributing to substance abuse in rural America include:
- Low educational attainment
- Poverty
- Unemployment
- High-risk behaviors
- Isolation
Substance abuse can result in increased illegal activities as well as physical and social health consequences, such as poor academic performance, poorer health status, changes in brain structure, and increased risk of death from overdose and suicide.
This topic guide covers the effect of substance abuse on rural communities, broadly. For information and resources specific to the opioid crisis, see the Rural Response to the Opioid Crisis topic guide.
|Small metro
|Large metro
|Alcohol use by youths aged 12-20
|Binge alcohol use by youths aged 12 to 17 (in the past month)
|Cigarette smoking
|Smokeless tobacco use
|Illicit drug use
|Misuse of Opioids
|Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables.
Frequently Asked Questions
- What is substance abuse and what are the signs of substance abuse?
- What effects does substance abuse have on a rural community? What challenges do rural communities face in addressing substance abuse and its consequences?
- How can rural communities combat substance abuse?
- What are the options for addressing tobacco use in rural communities?
- Why is underage drinking and binge drinking prevalent in rural communities?
- How big a concern is alcohol-impaired driving in rural communities, and what are some options to reduce it?
- What can be done to discourage youth from using drugs and alcohol?
- What is opioid abuse, and what effect has it had in rural communities?
- What is the current status of methamphetamine use in rural America and what has been done to combat its use and production?
- Is treatment for substance abuse available in rural areas?
- How can rural primary care providers help address substance abuse and connect their patients to substance abuse treatment?
- How can rural areas develop local options for those who need treatment?
What is substance abuse, and what are the signs of substance abuse?
Substance abuse is the use of a mood- or behavior-altering substance resulting in significant impairment or distress. Substances misused in rural communities include prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, alcohol, tobacco, and illegal substances.
Prolonged use of these drugs can result in addiction, a chronic condition of the brain that can affect a person's physical health and mental health. Drug abuse and addiction can affect not only the individual, but the person's family and community.
The behavioral signs of substance abuse and addiction may include:
- Lack of motivation
- Repeated absences or poor work performance
- Neglect of children or household
- Car accidents
- Interference with sleeping or eating
- Need for privacy
- Outbreaks of temper
- General changes in overall attitude
- Deterioration of physical appearance and grooming
- Association with known substance abusers
- Need for money and stealing money or valuables
- Persistent dishonesty
- Secretive or suspicious behavior
What effects does substance abuse have on a rural community? What challenges do rural communities face in addressing substance abuse and its consequences?
Substance abuse within a rural community can present many problems. Increased crime and violence, vehicular accidents caused by driving while intoxicated, spreading of infectious diseases, fetal alcohol syndrome, risky sexual behavior, homelessness, and unemployment may all be the result of one or more forms of substance abuse in rural areas.
These problems are exacerbated by several unique challenges for rural communities:
- Behavioral health and detoxification (detox) services are not as readily available in rural communities and, for those that are available, their range of services may be limited
- Patients who require treatment for substance abuse may need to travel long distances to access these services
- Rural first responders or rural hospital emergency room (ER) staff may have limited experience in providing care to a patient presenting with the physical effects of a drug overdose
- Rural, volunteer-based EMTs who have only received EMT-basics training may be prevented by state law from administering naloxone, potentially increasing the risk of overdose.
- Law enforcement and prevention programs may be spread sparsely over large rural geographic areas
- Patients seeking substance abuse treatment may be more hesitant to do so because of privacy issues associated with smaller communities
How can rural communities combat substance abuse?
Prevention programs can help reduce substance abuse in rural communities, particularly when focused on adolescents. Programs using evidence-based strategies that involve parents within schools and churches may discourage alcohol use by younger adults.
Counselors, healthcare professionals, teachers, parents, and law enforcement can work together to identify problems and develop prevention strategies to control substance abuse in rural communities by:
- Holding community or town hall meetings to raise awareness of the issues
- Training law enforcement regarding liquor license compliance, underage drinking, and detection of impaired drivers
- Inviting speakers to talk to school-aged children and help them understand the consequences of substance abuse
- Routine screening in primary care visits to identify at-risk children and adults
- Collaborating with churches and service clubs to provide a strong support system for individuals in recovery, which might include support groups and tobacco quitlines
- Training volunteers to identify and refer individuals at risk
- Developing a formal substance abuse prevention or treatment program for the community
- Providing care coordination and patient navigation services for people with substance use disorders
- Providing specialized programs and counseling to discourage substance use by pregnant women
- Collaborating with human services providers and local service organizations to ensure families affected by substance abuse have adequate food, housing, and mental health services
- Providing emergency departments (EDs), first responders, and the public with training and access to overdose reversal drugs such as naloxone.
For additional activities and evidence-based interventions to combat substance abuse, see the Evidence-Based and Promising Substance Use Disorder Program Models section of RHIhub's Rural Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Toolkit.
What are the options for addressing tobacco use in rural communities?
According to the Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, tobacco use for young adults aged 18-25 was 43.4% in nonmetro areas, compared to 32.0% in large metro areas.
FDA 101: Smoking Cessation Products identifies a number of tobacco cessation products that can help tobacco users break their addiction, including nicotine replacement products, such as skin patches, gum, and lozenges, and prescription drugs.
There are several federal programs, such as Smokefree.gov and BeTobaccoFree.gov, that offer resources and quitlines for tobacco users looking for support. There are also a number of youth-led initiatives and programs focused on tobacco prevention among young people, such as the Truth Initiative, that work to prevent young people starting tobacco use. Programs working to change tobacco policies on the local and state level are another resource.
For a step-by-step guide to implementing a rural tobacco cessation program, see the Rural Tobacco Control and Prevention Toolkit.
The Spit It Out-West Virginia program is an example of a tobacco intervention that worked to promote tobacco cessation and prevention. The campaign employed public service advertising, education efforts, partnerships with employers, and individual counseling.
For additional program examples, see Tobacco use in RHIhub's Rural Health Models & Innovations.
Why is underage drinking and binge drinking prevalent in rural communities?
According to SAMHSA's Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, alcohol use in the past month among 12-20 year olds was 17.2% in nonmetro areas, compared to 18.2% in large metro areas. However, binge alcohol use (5+ drinks for males, 4+ drinks for females) in the past month for the same age group was 11.1% in nonmetro areas compared to 10.6% in large metro areas and heavy alcohol use (binge drinking 5+ times in 30 days) was 2.5% in nonmetro areas and 1.8% in large urban areas. A 2013 JAMA Pediatrics article concludes that rural high school aged students are more likely to participate in extreme binge drinking (15+ drinks).
Adolescent Alcohol Use: Do Risk and Protective Factors Explain Rural-Urban Differences?, a study from the Maine Rural Health Research Center, suggests that adolescents who begin drinking alcohol at an early age may engage in problem drinking as they get older. Additionally, rural adolescents reported higher rates of driving under the influence (DUI) than urban adolescents.
Several characteristics may affect the attitude of adolescents and influence the prevalence of underage drinking and binge drinking:
- Lower levels of parental disapproval
- Higher acceptance of peer alcohol use among rural adolescents
- Easier access to alcohol at family events and from adults purchasing alcohol for underage youth
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) publication, Preventing Drug Abuse among Children and Adolescents, research demonstrates that high levels of risk are usually accompanied by low levels of protective factors or prevention.
How big a concern is alcohol impaired driving in rural communities, and what are some options to reduce it?
According to the report Traffic Safety Facts, 2018 Data: Rural/Urban Comparison of Traffic Fatalities, there were 10,511 people in the U.S. killed in crashes involving alcohol-impaired drivers in 2018. Rural areas accounted for 45% (4,714) of these fatalities and 29% of all rural traffic fatalities were alcohol-related.
Rural and Urban Differences in Kentucky DUI Offenders reports the lack of treatment services in rural areas creates challenges for healthcare providers in evaluating and delivering treatment for DUI offenders, placing offenders at greater risk for continued driving under the influence of alcohol.
While various states are imposing stricter drunk driving laws in an attempt to control this problem, some local communities are using other approaches to reduce drunk driving. For example, communities may implement transportation options for those who may be too impaired to drive, such as the Isanti County Safe Cab Program in Minnesota. This program has considerably reduced the number of DUI arrests in the county. In addition, this same county developed the Staggered Sentencing for Repeat Drunk Driving Offenders program to reduce the occurrence of repeat DUI violations. The goal of this program was to improve public safety and provide some assistance to help offenders resist driving under the influence of alcohol.
What can be done to discourage youth from using drugs and alcohol?
Everyone can help educate children and youth on the dangers of illegal drugs and alcohol. The 2012 study published by the Maine Rural Health Research Center suggested that, first and foremost, parental influence is a protective factor against alcohol use. There are programs to help not only parents, but also schools, churches, and other organizations who want to work with youth to discourage them from using alcohol and other drugs.
Family-centered prevention programs work to improve knowledge and skills of children and parents related to substance use, as well as the communication within the family. For instance, the Strong African American Families–Teen (SAAF–T) program, implemented in rural Georgia, was successful and cost effective in its mission to keep rural youth engaged in school and away from illicit substances.
Schools can play a part in discouraging youth from using drugs and alcohol. Schools provide a stable and supportive environment for students where they feel cared for by teachers and staff. Children who are successful in school are less likely to drink alcohol.
Rural church and faith-based organizations can also play an important role in promoting substance abuse prevention. According to the 2012 study listed above, rural adolescents are more inclined to participate in organized church-related events and could benefit from activities focused on substance abuse prevention.
Several evidence-based prevention programs designed to reduce substance abuse by children and youth that can be implemented in schools, churches, and other settings are listed in the Appendix of the 2012 study.
Other organizations that provide substance abuse information and prevention program resources for youth include:
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
Lists websites and materials that teachers and parents can use for prevention activities and education of children and teens.
- Helping Kids PROSPER
PROSPER (PROmoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience) offers evidence-based systems for program development in rural schools and communities. Community leaders and educators can utilize PROSPER to develop programs that reduce risky behaviors, such as underage drinking and illicit drug use.
- keepin' it REAL Rural
The rural-specific version of the keepin' it REAL drug and alcohol prevention program for middle school students, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse.
Several other prevention programs can be found in RHIhub's Rural Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Toolkit's section on Prevention Models.
What is opioid abuse, and what effect has it had in rural communities?
Opioid abuse refers to the misuse of prescription pain relievers such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, and morphine or synthetic pain relievers such as fentanyl, as well as the use of heroin. According to the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 9.2 million adults misused prescription pain relievers at least once in the previous year, with approximately 1.1 million of those adults in a nonmetropolitan area.
According to a 2015 article published in the International Journal of Drug Policy which investigated rural/urban use of these drugs, 4.9% of rural adults and 5.9% of urban adults reported non-medical use of prescription opioids in the past year. A 2015 study from the Carsey School of Public Policy shows that rural adolescents are more likely to abuse prescription painkillers than urban adolescents.
Prescription drug abuse has, however, led to an increased use of heroin in rural areas. A 2013 study from SAMHSA's Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality found that people who use opioids non-medically are 19 times more likely to initiate heroin use. According to a 2014 JAMA Psychiatry article, heroin has become more prevalent in suburban and rural areas because of its affordability and ease of access compared to prescription opioids. Heroin, a drug that is predominantly injected, presents its own health risks, such as an increased likelihood of hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV infection, as well as the risk of an unintentional overdose.
According to a 2017 article in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), the rate of overdose fatalities was slightly higher in nonmetro areas (17 per 100,000) than in metro areas (16.2 per 100,000) in 2015, which is a significant increase from 1999 when the metro rate was 6.4 per 100,000 and the nonmetro rate was 4.0 per 100,000. The CDC's Annual Surveillance Report of Drug-Related Risks and Outcomes for 2019 shows that opioids were responsible for approximately 62% of drug overdose deaths in rural (micropolitan and noncore) areas of the country in 2017.
A 2014 American Journal of Public Health article found death and injury from the misuse of opioids more prevalent in states with significant rural populations including Kentucky, West Virginia, Alaska and Oklahoma. A 2013 AJPH article finds deaths are more prevalent for individuals using alternative methods for ingesting prescription opioids including injections.
An August 2016 MMWR article states
number of drug products obtained by law enforcement that tested positive for the synthetic opioid
fentanyl (which is 50-100 times more potent than morphine) increased by 426% and synthetic opioid deaths
increased 79% across the U.S. from 2013-2014. Because the opioid deaths do not correlate with state-level
fentanyl prescriptions, the spike is likely caused in part by illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF), which is
often mixed with heroin and has increased fentanyl's availability across the country, including rural areas.
Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
A May 2015 MMWR article reports an increase in the number of persons in the U.S. living with Hepatitis C virus (HCV), particularly with young adults under 30 years old. Increases are most noticeable in nonurban areas of Appalachia where injection drug use (IDU) has been identified as the primary risk factor for HCV. Approximately 73% of the reported HCV cases in this area were contracted by people reporting IDU. A 2010 study published in Public Health Reports found 57% of participating IDU patients in Appalachian Kentucky tested positive for Hepatitis C antibodies.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although not as prevalent in injection drug users as HCV, potentially can increase along with HCV because the risk factors are similar. HIV and HCV are blood-borne diseases that are effectively transmitted through the use of contaminated needles and the equipment for preparing the drug, according to a November 2012 MMWR article. A 2010 study published in the journal Addiction has shown the prevalence of HCV can be an indicator of HIV risk among injecting drug users.
Social Harm
There are a number of societal risks from the proliferation of illicit drug use, including drug-related crime. According to the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, INC. (NCADD) report Alcohol, Drugs and Crime, there are three types of drug-related crime:
- Use-Related Crime: Crimes that occur while the drug user is in an altered state, such as domestic violence or driving under the influence of a controlled substance
- Economic-Related Crimes: Crimes committed in order to fund drug usage, such as theft or prostitution
- System-Related Crimes: Crimes related to the production and distribution of illicit drugs
Drug use also has physical and social consequences for the children of drug users. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, there is evidence that prescription pain reliever use during pregnancy can lead to a 2.2 times greater risk of stillbirth. Heroin use during pregnancy can lead to neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), wherein the baby is born dependent on opioids.
According to a 2019 report from the Child Welfare Information Gateway, 30.8% of child abuse victims had a caregiver who abused drugs.
Treatment for patients who use and abuse nonmedical prescription opioids is limited in rural areas. Although most rural facilities may provide intake, assessments, referrals, and basic treatment, services that provide detoxification, long-term residential treatment, and day treatment are scarce, according to Distribution of Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities Across the Rural – Urban Continuum. For additional information see Is treatment for substance abuse available in rural areas?
For more information and resources specific to the opioid crisis, see the Rural Response to the Opioid Crisis topic guide.
What is the current status of methamphetamine use in rural America, and what has been done to combat its use and production?
According to SAMHSA's Results from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, the rate of methamphetamine use by young rural adults ages 18–25 was 0.7% for large metro areas, 0.8% for small metro areas, 1.4% for nonmetro areas. This pattern of higher use in rural areas continues to be a great concern.
According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) report, 2016 National Drug Threat Assessment Summary, the availability of methamphetamines has risen each year since 2013 and demand may be increasing nationally. Although seizures of covert meth labs in the U.S have decreased, availability is still high due to foreign production and the proliferation of small, "one pot," or "shake-and-bake"laboratories, which are harder to track down. Admissions for amphetamine-related treatment continue to increase.
The Meth Project Foundation, Inc. is a national program of The Partnership for Drug-Free Kids that focuses on reducing methamphetamine use through public service media, outreach programs, and the development of public policy. It also is a source for information for youth about meth.
Is treatment for substance abuse available in rural areas?
SAMHSA's Mental Health Report 2010 reports that states with proportionally large rural populations (compared to urban populations) have greater shortages of mental health providers and fewer facilities to provide treatment services. Although family doctors, psychologists, social workers, and pastors may be available in rural areas to deliver basic substance abuse services or social support, facilities available in rural areas that provide comprehensive substance abuse treatment services are limited.
According to the 2014 Substance Use & Misuse article, Barriers to Substance Abuse Treatment in Rural and Urban Communities: Counselor Perspectives, rural areas lack basic substance abuse treatment services as well as the supplemental services necessary for positive outcomes. Detoxification (detox) services, for example, provide the initial treatment for patients to minimize any medical or physical harm caused by substance abuse. The vast majority (82%) of rural residents live in counties that do not have detox services, reports Few and Far Away: Detoxification Services in Rural Areas. Often, local law enforcement or emergency departments provide the initial detox services.
In addition, depending on the stage of their illness, patients may need more advanced treatment services, such as inpatient, intensive outpatient, and/or residential care, not available in rural areas. The absence of these treatment services locally results in clients having to travel long distances to receive the proper care. According to the 2014 Substance Use & Misuse article mentioned earlier, the greater distance to receive substance abuse treatment often results in lower completion rates of substance abuse treatment programs. Rural communities often lack public transportation services, which can further impede the access to ongoing treatment and support groups, particularly for clients who have had their driver's licenses revoked.
In some cases, medical professionals need special training to prescribe and monitor medication that is proven successful in treating addiction, such as buprenorphine, which is used in opioid addiction treatment. Qualifying physicians must meet certain criteria and receive a Drug Enforcement Administration waiver to provide this medication-assisted treatment (MAT). Rural areas are less likely to have a supply of physicians with this waiver according to Geographic and Specialty Distribution of US Physicians Trained to Treat Opioid Use Disorder.
How can rural primary care providers help address substance abuse and connect their patients to substance abuse treatment?
Training opportunities and other resources are available that can help rural primary care providers to identify patients suffering from substance abuse, encourage those patients to seek treatment, and make referrals to appropriate treatment services.
The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) is a professional society dedicated to improving the quality of addiction treatment by educating physicians and other medical professionals, as well as the public. ASAM provides a variety of courses and events, including continuing medical education (CME) courses. ASAM Education Resources lists both live and distance CME courses.
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality offers a guide detailing the barriers and challenges to Implementing Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) in Rural Primary Care, which discusses some of the barriers to establishing MAT in a rural primary care setting and includes 250 tools and resources that help facilitate implementation.
SAMHSA supports an online facility locator that rural primary care providers can use to find treatment centers and services in their region:
- Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator
Locate treatment facilities addressing substance abuse, addiction, and mental health problems by zip code or city and state.
How can rural areas develop local options for those who need treatment?
Recently there has been a trend to co-locate or integrate mental/behavioral health services with primary care services. This approach could facilitate access to substance abuse treatment and reduce the stigma associated with behavioral health treatment. Also, the providers are able to network and work together rather than in an isolated environment. RHIhub's Mental Health Topic Guide provides additional information on this topic.
Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) increase access to healthcare by providing primary care services for underserved rural and urban communities. FQHCs must also provide mental health and substance abuse services, either directly in a health center or by an arrangement with another provider. See RHIhub's Federally Qualified Health Center Topic Guide for information on developing an FQHC within a rural community.
A successful program that might be replicated is Indiana's Integrated Care Training Program: Community Health Worker/Certified Recovery Specialist program. This program addresses behavioral health issues in rural areas by training community health workers (CHWs) to provide support services in a variety of settings, including emergency and outpatient settings. For a step-by-step guide to implementing a rural substance abuse treatment program, see the Rural Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Toolkit.
Last Reviewed: 2/20/2018


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General Chat, The Playground, Technology Suite, Motorsport & New Members Introduce Yourself section.
General discussion on more serious issues. Doesn't need to be Volkswagen or even car related but please stay on topic in the threads.
24-10-20, 15:17
Welcome ! - If you have just registered on the Volkswagen forum, please introduce yourself here
Today, 02:05
For all your light banter, thread de-railing and gossip. Usual forum guidelines regarding content apply.
08-10-20, 15:23
Want to discuss the latest MP4 player, radio controlled toys, handheld computer or having PC problems or counting the megapixels on your new camera? Then here's the section to be in!
Nextbase 522GW front and rear...
06-06-20, 10:42
18-03-20, 10:06


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Vanamo woven wrap Kide Punastus is blushing due to the compliments it is hearing from you. The combination of pink, white and black is blooming! Vanamo woven wraps are made from pure organic cotton and high quality Italian linen.
Although the cotton-linen Vanamo wrap is cool and airy for the summer, the wrap can very well be used during all seasons. Kide weave is diagonally elastic which means that the baby wrap gives optimum support for the baby and feels comfortable for both the wearer and baby. This thick wrap is perfect for heavy babies and toddlers. A new linen wrap can feel stiff at first but the fabric will become softer over time and after washing & using the wrap.
The word "kide" means ice chrystals and the Kide pattern was inspired by the traditional hand woven Finnish linen textiles. The Kide weave is a complex mixture of twill and tabby weaves which create the unique stuctured, porous and comfortable weave. Kide pattern is designed by textile designer Katja Hynninen.
Sizes: 2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8. The measurements for each size and tips for choosing the correct size can be found here.
75 % organic cotton (GOTS)
25 % Italian Linen (Masters of Linen)
Weight: 276 / 320 g/m2 (loom state / post wash)
Manufacture: designed, weaved and sewn in Finland
How to care for your Vanamo wrap: Machine wash in warm water (40 celcius), hang dry, iron with medium heat. Ironing while still a little damp or use steam. Tumble dryer (with low heat) can be used occasionally and it will speed up the softening process, but please keep in mind that tumble drying will also wear out the fabric faster.
PLEASE NOTICE! We recommend washing the wrap before starting to use it. The weave will tighten up and obtain the final dencity & thickness. Each wrap includes some extra length to compansate shrinking.


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3 cup plain Turkish yogurt
1/2 cup water
1 tsp salt
This is very straight-forward but tastes great: Put all of the above in a blender. Mix for about 35-40 seconds. Pour into glasses. Also after blending, at the top, you will see bubbles and that's the best part. Makes 4 portions.
Origins of the word "yogurt":
The word comes from the Turkish word "yoğurt", deriving from the verb "yoğurtmak", which means "to blend" - a reference to how yogurt is made.
Labels: Drinks


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Along though, shit he jus' doin' what he known for
Blowin' 'dro, 24, livin' how the song go
Rubber burnt, turn the corners, beatin' like a Congo
You try to jack and pull the strap, it's +Asap+ pronto
King of the South, every hood's head honcho
I'm Westside certified, and go where the fuck you wanna go
I done told y'all I'ma O. G., never had cold feet
You end up with no teeth, nigga +you Don't Know Me+
I'll knock ya off ya feet, put holes in ya until ya clothes leak
Tossed it in the river like I threw away my old heat
You chose to oppose me? Who the fuck you s'posed to be?
Mechanical and summer hill is the only three that roll wit' me
No hoes wit' me, you know all that blow before they sold me?
I'm everything you s'posed to be, boy ain't no runnin' over me
Kick it wit' the +King+ and lemme show you what I mean man
Most these niggaz rappin' about a block, ain't never seen nare
Real niggaz recognize, real niggaz and ye aint nare
You don't know how to stab a nigga dead, and keep a clean hand
Sell a block for 24, you got's to 17 grams
From Eastside niggaz and Kirkwood and Little Vietnam
These 26's keep the attention of bitches
Come and ride wit' me pimpin', lemme show you how we get it
Alabama, Mississippi, come and ride wit' a G
Dallas ride wit' a G, Houston ride wit' a G
Carolinas, Virginia, Philly come and ride wit' a G
Memphis ride wit' a G, Chicago ride wit' a G
California, Florida, Detroit they all gon' ride wit' a G
Phoenix ride wit' a G, St. Louis ride wit' a G
Seattle ride wit' a G, Jersey ride wit' a G
Vegas, New York, and D. C. They all ride wit' a G


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"Design" as practiced today by computer people tends to be heavily based on the idea of negative space: that good design is what's NOT in a system, and by extension, what is NOT ALLOWED TO BE ADDED to the system by a user.
A "design-heavy" system, then, is inevitably highly restrictive about user actions, lest they "ruin the cool design" by adding their own desired features that "make it messy".
But users WANT control over their own space.
Is there a "design" that empowers users?
@natecull linux cli
@pnathan Sadly the CLI concept didn't extend even as far as the X Windowing System.
There may be a reason for that.
@dredmorbius @natecull I would say the ergonomics of applescript are such that it's not full of use.
I didn't dink much with it because it didn't relate to the GUI paradigm that I worked in too well and I could already write bash etc by the time I encountered it.
@pnathan @natecull @dredmorbius hypercard was one of my early inroads to building software, so i used hypertalk some - similar vibes, i think?
hypercard was an amazing thing and i still miss aspects of it, but language-wise hypertalk suffered a lot from mistaken ideas about english-like ergonomics, i think.
@dredmorbius @natecull @pnathan
re: X, many (most?) of the linux desktop users i know use it to multiplex a bunch of terminals, and people tend to script things within the environment, so i'm not sure it's accurate that the cli didn't carry over.
@brennen @pnathan @dredmorbius
right, but that's not using X *as X* or to interact *with* CLI. It's using X just as a set of terminals for CLI that's completely unaware of X.
X, the system (as I understand it), does not use CLI. It sends and receives messages of its own devising and format but doesn't expose these to the user or use the CLI or pipe system to do it (except for some command options for programs which are mostly now ignored)
Tcl/tk, though, I think does use Unix pipes?
@natecull @dredmorbius @pnathan i mean, X is a windowing environment, so i dunno how using it to contain a bunch of windows isn't using it as that.
and yeah, X is a giant weird beast and i've never actually written code against it in any meaningful way, but i use stuff like xclip, wmctrl, dmenu, rofi, etc., to control facets of it pretty routinely, so it's at least situated in a cli & scripting-driven environment that i use to control my own space.
@brennen @pnathan @dredmorbius
Well, because X is about *graphical components* of which 'windows' are just one tiny, tiny subset
Like you might want your program to accept input from and send data to buttons? Grids? Charts? Images? Textboxes?
None of that is even really possible with the 'a simulated VT-100 running just inside a window' use case of X.
So CLI is not interfacing with X 'as X', just X 'as a VT-100'.
@dredmorbius @pnathan @brennen all of that though is probably possible with Tcl/tk and maybe with some of the oldschool CLI tools you mention? (which really, really don't get much press at all even among hardcore Linux fans)
like to properly represent the state of X as CLI I think you'd need at least an object model? cos things on the screen ARE objects, they have persistence and state
Maybe all I want is a modern Tcl/tk that works with all the shiny GUI toolkits and OOP systems?
@natecull @pnathan @brennen NB: I'm massively hampered in all this discussion principally by /never having really grokked GUI application design in the first place/. My sense of "application" has always been "something that works on a stream of inputs or polls regularly for state", but not "and presents this with a bow and cherry on top".
I could use pointers on some good books on GUI UI/UX. Don Norman seems to be one source. Brett Victor another.
@dredmorbius @natecull @pnathan modulo a handful of toy projects and tiny utilities, every "GUI" i've ever built has lived inside a web browser, so i s'pose i'm in much the same boat.
@dredmorbius @pnathan @brennen
It seems quite hard to think of how to encapsulate the IO flow and state of a GUI component.
ie the input stream could be a stream of events (mouse/keyboard or underlying widgets, data model) and a similar output stream... but it all seems a bit confused and intertwined compared to a simple script that reads a stream of records and writes a stream of updated records.
Could *maybe* separate the IO flow into 'channels' like 'standard output' and 'standard error'
@calvin @natecull @pnathan @brennen If you look at my "Tyranny of the Minimum Viable User" #dreddit piece, you'll see I discuss that specifically.
There is also the distinction between "nodal" utilities and "complexity hubs". The latter do stdin/stdout poorly, if at all (though some do in fact do it). Most complexity hubs have *multiple* inputs and outputs.
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Vengeance LP Blue 8GB kit launched more than a year ago at €50, but can now be found at €35. We're talking about memory that is tested and known to work at 800MHz (1600 MT/s), as well as overclockable to 933MHz (1866 MT/s).
Low profile, i.e. standard heatsink, is another plus for this kit because it enables placing the memory underneath low CPU coolers, which are mostly found in HTPC systems.
This kit can be very interesting for AMD APU owners. Today we showed that memory clock plays a significant role when it comes to IGP performance. Of course, passionate gamers will still rely on dedicated graphics cards. However, if occasional gaming is all you do, then AMD's APUs may very well be all you need. If we lower image quality settings in games, depending on the game and resolution, we can end up with playable frame rate.


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Brother TZe Laminated Tape Black/Yellow 12mm x 8m
Brand: Brother
Estimated Delivery Times
|Please note that where it states "Ships in", it refers to the time between a product being orderd to it physically leaving our warehouse floor in South Africa.
|Time Frame
|Day 1:
|Order received
|Day 2 - 5:
|Payment received and cleared
|Day 5:
|Order prepared
|Day 6:
|Order shipped
|Day 8 - 9:
|Order arrives in Gaborone, Botswana. Customer to pay VAT
|Day 10:
|Transporter to clear VAT
|Day 10 - 11:
|Order ready for collection or delivery
|Day 12:
|Client receives door-to-door delivery within Gaborone
Free* returns valid for 15 days
If you are not happy with your purchase within the first 15 days of receipt, we will collect the products at our cost, and present you with a full refund.In order for this to be applicable these basic conditions must be met:
- Products are returned unopened, in their original packaging and in a saleable condition.
- Proof of purchase needs to be presented should we request it.
- Refunds are processed subject to a final inspection once received back in our warehouse.
- The 15 day window starts counting from the calendar date the order was physically received by you as the customer.
- For more details on our returns policy, refunds and product warranties click here.
Used for Brother Label Printers Only. 12mm Wide, 8 Meters Long. Designed to be extra-hard wearing and are able to withstand heavy abrasion, electrical resistance and lengthy exposures to sunlight, chemicals, water and extreme temperatures.
Product Features
- Label tape for Label Printers
- 12mm wide TZ Tape with a Length of 8 Meters
- Black on Yellow Laminated Tape
Technical Specifications
- Size: 12mm Wide, 8 Meters Long
- Print: Black on Yellow Tape
- Finish: Laminated
- TZ Label tape cassette used with Label Printers
- Be sure to Tighten Tape by winding Anti-clockwise before inserting and printing to prevent damaging the tape
- Designed to be extra-hard wearing and are able to withstand heavy abrasion, electrical resistance and lengthy exposures to sunlight, chemicals, water and extreme temperatures


text:
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Herbs Of Gold
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By dedicating themselves to keeping up with the latest research and developments in herbs and nutrients, Herbs of Gold is a brand that continues to develop the highest quality vitamin supplements that are on the market today.
Our team of qualified Nutritionists, Naturopaths, and natural health professionals here at Mr Vitamins recognise this, and we're proud to be online Herbs of Gold Stockists.
Herbs of Gold products' are formulated using a combination of herbs, vitamins and minerals. The company adopts a holistic approach in the development of each of their products. Whatever your issue, whatever your vitamin or mineral deficiency, Herbs of Gold have a quality supplement to cater for your requirements.
Some of the Best Products from Herbs of Gold
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Among some of their most popular products are Herbs of Gold Women's Multi, a super multivitamin formula developed especially for women. The male equivalent, Herbs of Gold Men's Multi supplement, is an equally popular multivitamin developed especially to meet the nutritional needs of adult men.
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Critic-Turned-Cook Gives A Cheer For Most Valuable Tools
In honor of the Big Game, I thought it might be fitting to recognize some of the Most Valuable Tools (MVTs) in the kitchen.
Can I get a wave going for the Drew Brees of all appliances, the food processor? What did cooks do before the food processor? Spend endless hours chopping, whisking and kneading by hand, that's what.
My poor personal Cuisinart is on its last legs, the base held together with duct tape—kinda like Vikings quarterback Brett Favre right before that interception. Still, my ancient food processor gets a daily workout, especially since I've mastered the art of making mayo; specifically, anchovy mayo that I transform into sublime Caesar dressing. Because January was all about eating salads. (Yes, of course, I know the Caesar is to dieting what Dr. Phil is to mental health.)
How about a big cheer for the Peyton Manning in the cook's quiver? For something wicked sharp and precise, gimme a "K"—that stands for knife! Unfortunately, my knives are strictly third-string—those Henckels might have had an edge at one point, but now they're dull as a clip show of last year's Super Bowl commercials. But here's a game-changer: A buddy has just offered to school me in the fine art of using a stone to put the razor back in razor sharp. Hooray!
Beyond the marquee talent, there are so many bit players that never get the credit they deserve. Let's hear it for the Sharpie and a roll of masking tape! The crazy-simple label-and-date-it system means cooks will never confuse oil for chicken stock, as I did at home last week. (Though I was able to drain most of it off before it liquefied in my lentil soup.)
Please get up on your feet for that slick set of stainless bowls, the workhorse of the well-ordered kitchen. They can take constant banging and keep on going for...forever. Have you ever seen one on the injured reserve? Now, that is a Super Bowl.
While they'll never be featured on the JumboTron during half time, let's put our hands together for the veggie peeler, the whisk, and a big stack of clean tasting spoons. Chefs might get fired up about their new sous vide machines, but meals wouldn't get to the table without those unheralded MVTs.
And, finally, give it up for that place kicker of all kitchen gadgets, the tool that's good for just one thing. The hero of the pastry kitchen: a paint sprayer that gives cakes the most polished finish.
What's the Most Valuable Tool in your kitchen? Will you be using your MVT to help prepare snacks for the mother of all game days?
And who will I be rooting for? As much as I love frisky young ponies, I'll be cranking up WWOZ (one of the planet's coolest radio stations, streaming online) while prepping some oyster po-boys, praying them Saints show the world they're really all DAT.
Serious Eats Gift Guide: Kitchen Essentials
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8 Great New York Beers You Should Be Drinking Now
Seeking out the best in malty, hoppy refreshment.
The Empire State has long been known for apples and Jay-Z, and New York's wine production is getting quite a bit of buzz. But the beer industry is looking better and better; New York is home to a few great craft breweries, both well-established and brand new. Want to get into that Empire state of mind? Here are 8 great beers you should definitely seek out.
Peekskill Brewery
At this brewpub in Peekskill, NY, the mission is to "simply put the best, freshest stuff that we possibly can in front of you," says head brewer and craft beer all-star Jeff O'Neil, formerly of Ithaca Beer Company. A dedication to quality ingredients is the hallmark of Peekskill's beer, and while we chose three particularly awesome Peekskill brews for this piece, the full roster is worth drinking.
Hop Common Don't be fooled by the name; Hop Common is anything but ordinary. This beer was inspired by a Steam Beer (or California Common), but the intensely hop forward aroma may fool your senses into thinking it's an IPA or hoppy American Pale. There's a toasty malt character and a dry finish that allows those Nugget and Cascade hops to pop.
Eastern Standard While the West Coast has long claimed the best IPAs in the country, Peekskill is helping New York into the ring as a serious contender. The hops in question for Eastern Standard are Simcoe and Citra, and their contributions are highly aromatic: ruby red grapefruit, bright lemon, orange and earthy, woodsy characters that present themselves on the palate as well. The hops may be from Washington, but this New York brewery put them to tremendous use.
Simple Sour Some say that it's the simple things that bring us the most pleasure in life, and Simple Sour lives up to that mantra. The beer is funky and full of character for such an easy-drinker. O'Neil tells us that it's a "Brett beer, loosely based on a Berliner Weisse with a multi-grain mash character and substantial tartness." The sourness he references is lemony and bright, and this beer is hard to put down. Luckily, at 4% ABV, you don't really have to.
KelSo Beer Company
KelSo Pilsner KelSo Beer Company launched in 2006, but it wasn't until this fall that they began canning their crisp, satisfying pilsner. According to owner/brewer Kelly Taylor, KelSo Pilsner is the "first canned beer made in Brooklyn since Rheingold left in the 70s." It is a welcome addition to the borough and beyond.
The beer is true to the style in the best sense, closely honoring traditional pilsners, with a requisite floral hop character in both aroma and flavor. It offers a malt-forward sweetness that captures the essence of the grain bill, and the finish is dry, leaving you looking forward to the next sip.
Radiant Pig Craft Beers
Junior IPA The New York City based operation began making commercial sales in February of 2013, brewing the beer in Connecticut and then trucking it back to NYC area bars and restaurants. And while Junior is an appropriate name for a brewery in its infancy, this flagship offering demonstrates mature brewing skills. At 5% ABV, Junior is a sessionable IPA that Head Beer Chick and Founder Laurisa Milici tells us was "inspired by our love of hoppy beers and our hatred of hangovers." I think we can all drink to that.
"We use a financially irresponsible amount of whirlpool and dry hops so there's a huge piney, citrusy hop flavor and aroma without harsh bitterness," says Milici, and the aroma and hop flavor reflect this philosophy. Pink grapefruit, Meyer lemon, and resiny pine flavors burst through; we're eager to pair it with a bright spinach salad and summer berries. The body is on the lighter side, as might be expected, but the beer still manages to deliver on the flavor, no doubt thanks to those whirlpool additions. Junior is a solid introduction to the Radiant Pig family of beers, and I look forward to sampling more of their brainchildren.
Brewery Ommegang
Scythe & Sickle The craft beer veterans from Cooperstown claim that by "using barley, oats, wheat, and rye, we've brought the mood of fall to life." After sampling Scythe & Sickle, I would agree. This beer is truly a celebration of the grain that is often taken for granted when appreciating American craft beer.
The aroma reminds me of spiced apples and an autumn drive through upstate New York's foliage. There is a peppery character that could be attributed to the Belgian yeast or the inclusion of flaked rye—or a little of both—and it is the balance needed to all that even out the sweet grain and toasty malt. The oats contribute a creamy texture and there is just enough hop character to round the beer out. This beer feels like it belongs to a comforting dish of roast duck or even warm apple pie.
Take the Black Stout Hollywood is taking an increasing interest in the craft beer world, and Take the Black Stout, a collaboration between Ommegang and HBO for Game of Thrones, is the latest example of this creative intersection. Allison Capozza of Ommegang tells us that the beer was "inspired by the men of the Night's Watch. Take the Black Stout was made to be deep, dark, and complex like those who have sworn to defend the Westeros against the threats from the north." Now, if you're a fan of the show, that description might make some sense to you. Personally, I could have used a translator, but luckily the beer itself was speaking my language.
This beer is big and black, and remarkably robust for its modest 7% ABV. Dark chocolate covered espresso beans immediately come to mind thanks to the aroma, and the flavor follows with subtle, roasty coffee, cocoa powder, and caramel. Though the bottle tells me that the beer is brewed with star anise and licorice root, their flavors are manifested more as a bitterness rather than actual licorice, which in addition to the hop character makes me want to reach for a creamy, pungent blue cheese or a coffee-chocolate cheesecake. I'm not sure how these warriors prepare to take on their enemies, but it seems that Take the Black Stout would be a fortifying drink indeed.
Singlecut Beersmiths
Billy 18 Watt IPA This Queens-based brewery has been making big noise with its musically themed offerings since their opening in 2012. One particularly vibrant selection is their riff on an American IPA, Billy 18 Watt. Like fellow NYC-newbies Radiant Pig, they've put out a sessionable yet full flavored IPA. Also at 5% ABV, Billy brings a similar American hop profile, with tropical notes of passion fruit and guava in addition to the usual citrusy suspects. The mouthfeel is creamy; it drinks like a pale, but satisfies the hop craving usually reserved for a bigger beer. Hopefully Singlecut is setting the stage for a long career of performances like this one.
Tried any new beers from NY lately? What are your favorite local breweries?
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Prisoner Doing Press Ups
In the yard of Scheveningen prison, the Hague, the incredibly high resolution aerial photography has captured this prison inmate doing press ups! As an aside, this is actually the prison where the former communist President of Serbia and Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević was held for 5 years before his death in March 2006, shortly before his trial was due to end. Thanks to gozoman


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Welcome Home Snow College Alumni!
Your relationship with Snow College does not end at graduation! Whether it's through our new and improved website; our annual homecoming reunion; our partnership with Career Badger and their mentorship program; the Athletic Hall of Fame, or our Alumni Spotlights—the Snow College Alumni Association and the Alumni Office are here to serve as the liaison between our alumni, the community, and our College.
The Snow College Alumni Association strives to foster the ongoing and lifelong relationships with the College though maintaining an active presence on campus, communicating campus events to the Alumni members, participating in Alumni engagement activities, recognizing distinguished alumni and being a fundraising advocate for the college.


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Difference between revisions of "Peter VII (Mankarius) of Alexandria"
m (We call Russian rulers Czars or Tsars, not Caesars, in English.)
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[[Category:Non-Chalcedonian Bishops]]
[[Category:Non-Chalcedonian Bishops]]
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Revision as of 23:51, March 20, 2011
|Oriental Orthodox (Non-Chalcedonian) perspective, which may differ from an Eastern Orthodox (Chalcedonian) understanding.
During his papacy, sensing intimations of pressure from Roman Catholicism, the Coptic Church intensified her teaching, her preaching, and her pastoral work, and the Coptic Pope himself intensified his writing on matters of faith and doctrine. During the period, many private and public patriarchal libraries were founded.
When the Russian Czar sent his delegates to offer putting the Coptic Church under the protection of Caesar (the Czar), Pope Peter VII politely and graciously refused the proposal by asking, "Does your Caesar live forever?" When the envoy answered that he would die like all human beings, the Pope told him that he preferred that the Protector of the Church would be her true Shepherd, the King of Kings that does not die. The delegates admired the Pope's faith and patriotism, and left after taking his blessings.
Also during the papacy of this holy father, St. Sidhom Bishay [2] was martyred at the hands of Muslims in Damietta on March 25, 1844 A.D., after enduring extreme torture for the Name of the Lord Jesus Christ. His martyrdom made it possible the raising of the Cross openly during Christian funeral processions, for this practice was previously forbidden.
Peter VII (Mankarius) of Alexandria
|Preceded by:
Mark VIII
|Pope of Alexandria (Coptic)
|Succeeded by:
Cyril IV
Source and further details
Categories > Church History
Categories > Church History
Categories > Church History > Canon Law > Ecclesiology > Jurisdictions > Oriental Orthodox
Categories > Liturgics > Feasts
Categories > Liturgics > Feasts
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Bishops by century > 19th-century bishops
Categories > People > Clergy > Bishops > Non-Chalcedonian Bishops
Categories > People > Saints > Egyptian Saints
Categories > People > Saints > Non-Chalcedonian Saints


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President Barack Obama says it's time to rethink the prison camp at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, because its operation is a stain on the national psyche and diminishes that for which the United States stands.
Since it opened in 2002, the prison camp has handled 779 prisoners, most of whom were captured in fighting in Afghanistan -- not by U.S. troops but by Pakistani and Afghan troops, often in exchange for bounties of $5,000.
Eleven years later, 166 prisoners remain. A federal task force determined 46 of them needed to be held indefinitely but the rest could be released -- or released with conditions.
"When I was campaigning in 2007 and 2008, and when I was elected in 2008, I said we need to close Guantanamo. I continue to believe that we've got to close Guantanamo," Obama told a news conference last week to mark the first 100 days of his second term.
"I think it is critical for us to understand that Guantanamo is not necessary to keep America safe. It is expensive. It is inefficient. It hurts us in terms of our international standing. It lessens cooperation with our allies on counterterrorism efforts. It is a recruitment tool for extremists. It needs to be closed."
Many members of Congress are opposed to closing Guantanamo and nixed a plan for the federal government to buy an unused Illinois prison to house the detainees -- this despite the continuing federal prison incarceration of a number of terrorism figures, including Sheik Omar Abdel-Rahman, known as the blind sheik, who is a serving life term at the Butner (N.C.) Federal Correctional Institution for plotting the deadly 1993 World Trade Center bombing, and shoe bomber Richard Colvin Reid, who tried to blow up an American Airlines flight and is being held at the supermax prison in Florence, Colo.
"The notion that we're going to continue to keep over 100 individuals in a no-man's land in perpetuity, even at a time when we've wound down the war in Iraq, we're winding down the war in Afghanistan, we're having success defeating al-Qaida['s] core, we've kept the pressure up on all these transnational terrorist networks, when we've transferred detention authority in Afghanistan -- the idea that we would still maintain forever a group of individuals who have not been tried, that is contrary to who we are, it is contrary to our interests, and it needs to stop," Obama argued.
Maybe, Obama allowed, creating Guantanamo was the right thing to do in the immediate aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks on New York and Washington, but more than a decade later, the issue needs to be revisited and the problems at the prison are only going to "fester" and "get worse" if the status quo remains.
At a subsequent news briefing, White House spokesman Jay Carney told reporters Obama can take a number of administrative actions to deal with the situation, among them appointing someone at the State Department to work on repatriating detainees to their home countries or sending them to third countries -- a position that has been open for several years.
"We have obstacles that were thrown up by Congress that prevent us from -- well, they refuse to provide the funding that would allow us to transfer detainees to incarceration facilities here in the United States," Carney said. "And they have circumscribed our ability to take action on this front in other ways. So we have to work with Congress and try to convince members of Congress that the overriding interest here in terms of our national security as well as our budget is to close Guantanamo Bay."
Carlos Warner, who represents 11 of the prisoners at Guantanamo, praised Obama's position and said the president doesn't need congressional approval to transfer prisoners if it's a national security issue.
"The president's statement made clear that Guantanamo negatively impacts our national security. The question is not whether the administration has the authority to transfer innocent men, but whether it has the political courage to do so," Warner said in a statement.
One-hundred of the Guantanamo prisoners are conducting a hunger strike, with 23 of them being force-fed. The Miami Herald reported four of those being force-fed had been cleared for release years ago.
Last week, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, a U.N. agency, condemned the forced feedings as inhumane. The American Medical Association also issued a statement condemning the practice.
Jeremy Varon of Witness Against Torture said keeping Guantanamo open is "morally unacceptable and politically unsustainable."
"We first heard of the hunger strike about six weeks ago when the U.S. military was denying it was even taking place. ... The Guantanamo nightmare must end now," he said.
Rep. Peter King, R-N.Y., has been among the most vocal in Congress arguing against closure.
"The prisoners are being treated better than American citizens in any prison I've been to in the United States," said King, the ranking Republican on the Homeland Security Committee. "They're allowed out of their cells for hours at a time -- even the worst of the worst."
He likened the prison to a Club Med for terrorists and. following a 2009 visit, called efforts to close it "misguided."


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Observations: Seeing in microwave wavelengths
The Universe in microwave wavelengths is a place of unfamiliar brightness. If our eyes could see microwaves, the entire sky would radiate. Most peculiar of all, however, is that the brightness would be the same across the entire sky. Unlike any other waveband, in which diffuse emission is punctuated by bright objects, the entire sky glows uniformly with microwaves.
The astronomers who first detected this microwave 'background' signal were using a special telescope, similar to a radio telescope, and at first thought the all-pervading signal was static caused by a fault in the machinery. It did not vary, regardless of where they pointed the telescope.
The microwave glow is nothing less than the afterglow of the Big Bang, the fireball from which the Universe was created. It is known as the 'Cosmic Microwave Background' (CMB) radiation and was released into space around 12 000 million years ago.
At that moment, it was a searing mass of X-rays and it represents the first light – in the form of X-rays rather than visible light – to be released in the Universe. Since that moment, the constant expansion of the Universe has stretched these rays into the microwaves observed today.
Although the microwave background appeared initially featureless, careful analysis of the radiation has shown that its intensity varies by around 0.0005% from place to place. These tiny variations were caused by slight differences in the density of the hydrogen/helium gas that was spread across the entire Universe at the time the radiation was released. As such, they are the seeds from which galaxies and clusters of galaxies grew. They are the blueprints from which the Universe was made.
ESA's 'first light' mapper Planck will study the microwave Universe, making the most precise map ever of this cosmic blueprint. Planck's investigations are also designed to give scientists new insight into the force of gravity and how it relates to the other forces in the Universe.


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Brian Morache and his wife, Mariam, were each divorcees who recently tied the knot.
"Both of us have been married twice. Her first one ended OK, the second one was a nightmare," said Brian.
This time, Mariam wanted to protect her assets, so she and Brian signed a postnuptial agreement.
"I think there's a bit more peace of mind, a bit more stability in a sense," said Brian.
A postnup is a legally binding document that is similar to a prenuptial agreement, but it is signed after a couple says their vows.
With divorce rates and litigation costs on the rise, the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers said a growing number of couples are looking into these so-called "marital contracts."
"Any two people who feel that they're in conflict and feel that a marriage may be dissolved should try and define what they would do in the event of a divorce in advance. It does bring clarity to the situation," said Ken Altshuler with the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers.
Some happy couples sign postnups for something else: a sense of security. The terms can deal with practically anything, from checking and savings accounts, to debt and child support, to personal property.
"We have many instances where people talk about who is going to have custody of the pet. I've had different pieces of china and silverware that were divided in advance," said Altshuler.
For Brian and his wife, working out who gets what was simple.
"What we come into the marriage with is what we would each leave with," said Brian.
Brian and Mariam were lucky. Allison Pescosolido, co-founder of Divorce Detox, said postnups can often be tricky to approach.
"Both people are going to have to give up what their ideal is. You also want to walk away if it starts getting heated, and set a specific time to get back together," said Pescosolido.
But no matter how you choose to go about it, Altshuler said the most import thing is a full disclosure -- finances, assets, and debts. Otherwise, the postnup could be thrown out in court.
Brian and Mariam look forward to a lifetime of love. They said that postnup is kind of an insurance policy.
"It's almost like putting on a life jacket when you're going to go boating. You don't anticipate using it, but you want it there," said Brian.


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ie: no Higgins, Booth, Rome etc.
Hoping for a Luongo win, with DDoughty having a four point night.
Canuck Fan beat up @ Sharks game
http://espn.go.com/nhl/story/_/id/74043 ... harks-game
Canucks-Kings Preview
After a slow start, the Vancouver Canucks are closing the calendar year back among the elite teams in the Western Conference.
The Canucks look to win their fourth straight when they visit the Los Angeles Kings on Saturday night.
Vancouver won the Presidents' Trophy last season, but seemed to suffer a Stanley Cup loss hangover to open 2011-12. On Nov. 19, the Canucks were tied for 11th place in the West with 19 points (9-9-1).
Vancouver (24-12-2) has gone an NHL-best 15-3-1 since then, and has won six of seven and three straight to move to the top of the Northwest Division. The Canucks won 5-2 at Anaheim on Thursday, behind two goals from Daniel Sedin and a goal and two assists by Henrik Sedin.
"We're as good as last year (at this stage), but we're a different team," Daniel Sedin said. "We had a lot of new faces coming in, and different kinds of players. But we have a deep lineup and we've got everyone contributing on the back end. (Thursday), three of our lines scored and the fourth was playing extremely well."
Goaltending has been key to the turnaround. Through their first 19 games, the Canucks were giving up an average of 2.9 goals. They've allowed just 1.9 per game since then, with Roberto Luongo winning nine of his last 11 starts (9-1-1) to improve to 16-7-2 on the season.
Cory Schneider started Thursday's victory, but Luongo made 28 saves in a 3-2 win over the Kings on Nov. 10. He improved to 6-1-1 in his last eight starts versus Los Angeles, including three playoff outings. He has a 2.10 goals-against average during that stretch.
The Sedin twins have also played well against the Kings. Daniel has a nine-game point streak versus Los Angeles with six goals and nine assists while Henrik has 20 points in his last 17 games in the series.
The Kings (18-14-6), tied with San Jose atop the Pacific Division with 42 points, have also gotten solid play from their goaltending tandem of Jonathan Quick and Jonathan Bernier, giving up a total of 10 goals during a 4-0-2 stretch.
One night after Quick shut out Chicago, Bernier made 26 saves Thursday at Winnipeg but wound up on the losing end of a 1-0 score after Evander Kane beat him 1:09 into overtime.
"We were moving the puck, but we just couldn't finish it off," said Los Angeles forward Anze Kopitar, who has 10 goals on the season but none in his last 17 games. "You've got to work hard to create chances, and then you have to bear down on it. That's all there is to it."
The Kings are searching for offensive consistency. They're 0 for 21 on the power play over their last six games although they have managed 13 goals in that span.
Quick could be back in net Saturday, but has lost his last three starts against Vancouver - all versus Luongo - while allowing eight goals. He is 5-11-1 with a 2.64 goals-against average in his career versus the Canucks.
This contest begins a stretch of six straight for the Kings at Staples Center.


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Marcus Samuelsson, formerly of Aquavit, likes his easy and crisp. David Myers, of Los Angeles' Comme Ça, prefers his with an edge ("a bite," as he says). Scott Conant, straight-up Italian. A predilection for certain cuts of beef or flights of wine? Not quite: they're talking clothes.
With the ever-growing popularity of Bravo's "Top Chef" and its Food Network counterparts — "Chopped," "Iron Chef" and dozens of marquee-name cooking shows, à la Bobby Flay and Ina Garten — it's no surprise that what celebrity chefs wear when they hit the soundstage has become far more chic. But for a number of well-known kitchen masters, fashion's influence is evident in the threads they don around a stove or in their dining room — not to mention in their restaurant's design, their business model, and, in some cases, what comes out of certain big-city kitchens.
This spring, Laurent Gras, the chef and owner of L20 in Chicago, created an appetizer called "18 flavors of winter," arranging vegetable components — carrot worked into foam, lettuce and lemon, honeydew and peppermint — on a bright green acrylic slab. The dish offers a striking spectrum of color, from peach to evergreen, and a variety of shapes.
"It's about contrast, and different materials," explains Gras. "It's very fashion." Gras, who for 15 years has been wearing custom-made chef's jackets and Prada shoes while cooking (for public appearances, he veers toward Dolce & Gabbana and Gucci suits), admits to being something of a fashion voyeur. "Looking at John Galliano haute couture for Christian Dior is breathtaking," he wrote on his restaurant's blog in March 2008. Taking his cues from Galliano's couture show that winter, which featured an origami-pleated gown in sherbet orange, Gras whipped up a crab salad with honeydew melon and cilantro, with an isomalt layer (a hardened sugar substitute) underneath, meant to emulate the dress' folds.
Each season, he scours Web sites for collections. "When I look at women's fashion, I think it is just inspiring, the richness of the fabrics and [the] creations," Gras explains. "I look at design like food. My food, we make it very clean; it can be very complex, technically exact, but in the end, it is very simple for the guests [to eat]."
Though Gras may be a pioneer in his overt plucking of references from the catwalk for his menus, fashion is infiltrating "chefing," as Samuelsson calls his line of work, on other levels. These days, there's no shortage of well-respected cooks looking more like they rolled out of Bergdorf's than a walk-in freezer. Entertainers, it turns out, aren't the only ones who cozy up to companies for (frequently gratis) clothes. While the chefs interviewed for this story say they are not paid to wear a particular company's clothes at their restaurants or at events, there can be a quid pro quo: In some instances, a chef will be offered designer pieces in exchange for catering services.
Such was the case for Greek cooking star Michael Psilakis, who often wears John Varvatos, for whom Psilakis catered an event at the designer's SoHo store last year. Scott Conant of Scarpetta and Faustina developed a relationship with Ermenegildo Zegna after being introduced to a publicist at the company through his pastry chef; he now frequently dons the label's suits for restaurant and television appearances. Prada, the go-to label for Gras, has another culinary devotee — Jean-Georges Vongerichten, who has long worn the label's loafers and trousers in his kitchens. Olives chef Todd English reportedly wore Armani suits for events and photo shoots in Boston, where he got his start, after meeting the company's store manager there, though he does not have a contract to wear any label's designs exclusively. Of signing one, "I would," English says, if the right label approached him.
Such fashion focus is not so surprising, given the increasing importance of self-promotion in the ubercompetitive world of cooking; after all, reality television — from "Project Runway" to "Iron Chef" — has sparked a pop culture obsession with the fashion and food industries in the last few years. "To be honest, those worlds aren't all that far apart," says Bon Appetit contributing editor Heather John, who has a blog called "The Foodinista." "Food, wine and fashion are all about taste, whether that's figurative or literal."
Their food, and small-screen talents, aside, chefs themselves acknowledge the comforting impact a great suit — or a fashion-influenced decor detail — can have on regular customers. "It's [just] important to me to look good. I represent myself when I walk outside the confines of the kitchen or outside the confines of a restaurant," says the Zegna-sporting Conant. "It's always good to have a reaction," he adds. "You know people are like, 'Wow, you dress really well.' [I believe] the attention that you pay to yourself is also the attention you pay to your food." (The surroundings, too: For his newest restaurant, Faustina, Conant commissioned mirror frames to look like belts made by Hermès.)
California-based celebrity chef Wolfgang Puck has culled from the fashion world an even broader business model. The Spago founder considers his empire to be divided along the lines of Giorgio Armani's, a friend and "inspiration" to Puck. There is the aforementioned Spago, his "designer" restaurant; Postrio Bar & Grill, one of the diffusion, or secondary, restaurants; and the licensed businesses, his namesake frozen dinners and airport restaurants and kitchen appliances. "I think of my business like a designer thinks of his couture line, and then his sunglasses," says Puck.
Like several other chefs who profess to be influenced by fashion, Puck has a close proximity to style: his wife, Gelila Assefa, is a handbag designer; meanwhile, Samuelsson, the guest chef for President Obama's first state dinner in the fall, recently got hitched to model Maya Hailes. He says living with someone so fashion-conscious has impacted his own duds, which range from Acne (Samuelsson grew up in Sweden) to vintage Burberry to Tod's shoes.
"The cooks in the kitchen are always like, 'Wow, you have such fancy shoes!'" Samuelsson says with a laugh. For his appearance as a contestant on this season's "Top Chef Masters," Samuelsson, who is also creating a line of tableware and accessories for Target, designed his own chef's jacket, eschewing the traditional white, buttoned number. "I took an old Seventies Levi's jacket and had a friend tailor it," Samuelsson says. "Whoever in 1850 decided a chef's jacket should look like that? I was tired of it."
And though some chefs view fashion primarily as a marketing tool — see Mario Batali, who has his own brand of signature fiery-orange Crocs sold on the Crocs Web site, alongside a recipe for rigatoni with Tuscan-style cauliflower and pecorino — others look to the industry for a sense of artistic camaraderie.
Myers, the Comme Ça chef and owner who favors Comme des Garçons (but wears jeans and Converse while cooking), recalls bringing a fashion magazine profile of a designer into his kitchen one evening. "This designer was talking about where he got his inspiration for his collection, and it was something with nature," says Myers. "I said, 'Guys, this is another incredible way to create, and so you have to think like this.'" In the same way that designers talk about finding a particular color or image as a starting point for a collection — a fire escape, a sunset — Myers encourages his team to think about sources of inspiration for meals. "Sometimes I bring them outside and I'm like, 'Look at these blues [in the sky]. That is how we're plating tonight!'" he says. "Some of them get it, some of them don't. Some of them are like, 'What the f— is this guy saying?'"
For Samuelsson, the similarities are more literal. "I've cooked with Zac Posen, Isaac Mizrahi," he says, referring to private dinners and television appearances (Posen, he notes, is a very good cook). "We're operating the same way. To succeed, you need finance, you need speed, you don't know what the risks are. There's a kinship. Plus, we have a lot of the same customers."


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This is The Morning Shift, our one-stop daily roundup of all the auto news that's actually important — all in one place at 9:30 AM. Or, you could spend all day waiting for other sites to parse it out to you one story at a time. Isn't your time more important?
1st Gear: Chrysler Dealerships Must Be Warmer
Last night it was so cold I slept inside my oven. I don't want to go outside. I called in a 'snow day' yesterday and it only snowed about a 1/4 inch. I'm not alone. Everyone is fearful, and those fearful people aren't going out buying cars. They're buying Jeeps.
So, so so many Jeeps. Total year-over-year sales are about break-even with last year but Jeep is up 47% Why? The Jeep Cherokee, of course, as well as other people Jeep models being gobbled up because we're somehow convinced AWD saves us from winter's steely touch.
People are also buying Lincolns, because they were buying no Lincolns this time last year. The same goes for Maseratis and Smarts.
They're pretty much not buying anything else, though.
2nd Gear: And What Of Ukraine?
There are a lot of customers in Russia, but not a ton of well-established car companies, which is why most of them are partnered with companies like Ford, Nissan, GM, et cetera. So what happens if we're locked in a new cold war with Russia? Per Bloomberg:
"The latest situation is very volatile and we are closely monitoring it," Stephen Odell, Ford Motor Co.'s European chief, said at the Geneva auto show today. "We won't do anything short term. It's too early to jump to any conclusions." Russia is important for carmakers, with 2.78 million vehicles sold in the country last year. By comparison, in 2013 consumers bought 2.95 million cars in Germany, Europe's largest market, and 2.26 million autos in the U.K.
3rd Gear: Everyone Wants The Tesla Gigafactory
Who wouldn't want a Tesla factory? The company prints money and they're hoping to bring billions of dollars and 6,500 "direct" jobs to some state's local economy. The possibilities? Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
They were picked because they've got climates that allow a large amount of wind turbines and solar panels — i.e. wind and sun. They were maybe also picked, or at least announced, to extract a pound of flesh from one of those states. As USA Today points out:
For now, Musk seems intent on driving a hard bargain. Disclosing the names of the four states in contention apparently is aimed at driving the best possible deal from one. With the "pizzazz factor" of billionaire Musk and a connection to high-tech electric cars, incentives being laid out by states could reach new heights — including $200 million to $400 million for site infrastructure and worker job training, and $300 million to $600 million in tax breaks, Cuneo estimates.
My money is on Texas, with has been active in luring auto jobs to the state. They're also the only state with their own energy grid.
4th Gear: China Should Kill The Foreign Stake Rule, Says Chinese Carmaker
You ever notice how just about every foreign car company selling cars in China is doing so through a local car company? Hell, Volkswagen is partnered with two separate car companies. That's because of a law requiring car companies to build cars through joint-ventures with local, typically state-owned companies. Here's Chinese Volvo chairman Li Shufu on why that should change.
"We should let the market decide and form real competition between Chinese companies and foreign companies," Li, 50, who is also chairman of Volvo Cars' parent, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., told reporters at a briefing in Beijing yesterday. "The interests of the consumers and the competitiveness of the country are being undermined with the current setup."
While nothing is probably going to change soon, it's an interesting attitude and a sign that at least some in China think they can compete on their own.
5th Gear: GENEVA MOTOR SHOW!
It's the Geneva Motor Show, which is always one of my favorite auto shows because of all the weird European stuff. Our Mate Petrany is there and will be bringing back news all day.
Reverse: A Great Day
On this day in 1936, Jim Clark, who will dominate Formula One (F1) racing in the mid-1960s and win two F1 world championships, is born in Scotland.
Neutral: Will Sales Turn Around Next Month? February, like January, was too cold to buy cars. Does hope spring eternal for a bump in SAAR next month?
Photo Credit: AP Images


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In this work, the author incorporates data from archives that were previously inaccessible not only to Western but also to Soviet historians, as well as drawing on important recent Russian publications.Fitzpatrick, Sheila is the author of 'Russian Revolution', published 2008 under ISBN 9780199237678 and ISBN 0199237670.[read more]
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Skip to 0 minutes and 4 seconds MARCUS O'DONNELL: Hello. I'm Marcus O'Donnell and I'm Director of Digital Learning at Deakin University. Deakin is one of the pioneers of online learning and producing high quality innovative courses is in our DNA. It's just what we do. Our promise is a brilliant education for where you are and what you want to be. Our courses are designed to stimulate and challenge you and they draw on our world class research and our deep connections with industry and community groups. And importantly, we believe that it's really you the learners who make our courses work.
Skip to 0 minutes and 44 seconds In each course, you have a great opportunity to join in with people from all over the world, to try out your ideas with them and to learn by listening to their perspective. We believe that's the heart of learning. So you'll notice that at the end of each step in this course, there's a chance for you to make a contribution. We call it your task. It's more than just making a comment. It's what brings the course alive for everyone. Our educators bring their years of research and expertise to the courses we put together. And every learner also brings their life experience to the course. And it's the meeting of these two things that turns abstract ideas into real knowledge and skills.
Skip to 1 minute and 34 seconds We talk about the three C's that guide these long exchanges with one another. Be curious, be constructive, and be compassionate. Let's unpack each of these for a minute. Being curious means always being ready to ask the next question, being open to finding out something new and being prepared to have your own ideas challenged. Being constructive is the other side of that. It's about carefully stimulating other learner's curiosity, not closing anyone down with a quick or harsh comment, being careful of the way you respond to each other, which brings us to compassion. How do we stand in another's shoes? How do we really see from their perspective?
Skip to 2 minutes and 26 seconds At a time when people are building walls and closing down borders, we believe that the power of education is in opening up our world so that we can see each other more clearly and live with each other more peacefully. So thanks for joining us. Now it's over to you let's have some fun learning together.
Learning online with Deakin
Deakin's online courses are based on a few, but important, learning principles. To get the most out of this course, we encourage you to keep in mind the following.
Our learning philosophy
Deakin University is a pioneer in innovative digital learning. Several key principles underpin all our online courses, which are designed to:
- challenge you with new and interesting ideas
- prompt you to connect and engage with other learners and Deakin educators
- test your knowledge and understanding against clearly defined learning outcomes.
Get involved
Getting the most out of your online learning experience with Deakin begins by getting involved.
Our courses are designed for adult learners from around the globe who, like you, have diverse work, life and study experiences.
One of the key ways to optimise your learning is to participate in the tasks set by your educators and engage in topic-related conversations with other learners.
Learning through conversation
In this course, you're invited to comment on topics, discuss issues and ask and/or answer questions.
Some of the ways you can do this include:
- adding a post to start or continue a conversation by building on what others are saying
- using reply to ask a question or make a comment that indicates you're interested in what someone else has said and encourages them (or others) to expand on their ideas
- making a comment that links, compares or contrasts different themes in the conversation
- disagreeing with a comment in a curious, constructive and compassionate manner
- using like to indicate which comments most resonate with you.
Your task
Watch the video from Associate Professor Marcus O'Donnell, Director of Digital Learning at Deakin University, and practise getting involved by reflecting on the following and using the comments to join the conversation:
- Why do you think getting involved is an important part of online study?
- How will you get involved?
- What barriers might you encounter to getting involved and what are your tips for overcoming these?
You may also want to take a few minutes to find out how to make the most of your Deakin FutureLearn experience by reading this short guide.
© Deakin University


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Kitt3h wrote:Hello there, HTS seniors and newbies like myself
I am new here, because hacking interests me. I do not want to be a blue, white or black hat hacker, I simply want to know how. I'm considering becoming a white hat, as a serious career one day, working for a company. Scared of getting into trouble though. I hate black hat with everything in me, they cause so much unneeded trouble and hassle.
A little bit about myself: My real name is Neels, I love in a rural area in South Africa. We farm commercially, with bananas, papayas, and some sugar cane. I'm in home schooling, mainly because we live too far from a town, but also because I am very tired of mainstream, force fed, cloned pupils. IMO they are programming them to be all alike. In home schooling, I'm free to be myself, and I learn way more interesting stuff than the shit they teach in mainstream schools. My average is pretty good, I consider myself clever. Not bragging, it's just a fact.
I'm an introvert, and pretty lonely.. Because I'm above average intelligent, I bore people. I hate big crowds, and especially malls make me want to GTFO with all my heart. I like people, but the average person around here isn't exactly a grade A genius. I just want people to accept me the way I am and not try to change me.
My hobbies: Programming, though pretty low level. I can write a fairly complex app in Delphi, but I don't know the first thing about Java. I also love cats, they seem to accept me and understand me. I've got a huge soft black and white tom cat, named Mubi. Mubi means 'ugly' in Zulu. He started out extremely ugly, but then evolved into a gorgeous cat, and he knows he's beautiful. No, I am not a Zulu. I'm a white Afrikaner. My home language is Afrikaans (Google it).
This probably isn't too common, but I'm a Christian. I really love God, and I'm going to heaven. Please do not try to convince me otherwise.
I hope that I will learn new things on this site, and meet new people.
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We live in an extraordinary time. Our thinking styles are severing us from our families, our religions, our ideologies, and nature. We are caught up in a pace of social and technological change that makes our work, businesses, and education sources of anxiety and unfulfillment. At the same time, thinking about our thinking and observing our observations can bring us a new world in which work becomes a place for innovation, and in which peace, wisdom, friendship, companionship, and community can exist. Let us design this world together. —Fernando Flores
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