text:
|The detergent composite containing a consciousness signal
What is claimed is:
1. A method for forming an object, the method comprising:
providing semi-solid stands of a meltable material, preferably a material selected from the group consisting of: metals, hydrocarbon based meltable resins such as: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene glycol, waxes, surfactants, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, fats, foods (starches and chocolate) and combinations thereof;
forming a non-woven mat comprising the strands of meltable material; and forming discrete units of the non-woven mat, wherein the discrete units comprise a locally densified surface portion.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the discrete units comprise a locally densified outer surface shell.
3. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the strands comprise a diameter of between about 0.3 and about 2 millimeters.
4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising curing the semi-solid strands.
5. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the strands comprise particles embedded in meltable material, and wherein the particles preferably comprise: starches, gums, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, water soluble polymers, water degradable polymers, water insoluble polymers, sugars, sugar alcohols, inorganic particles, organic salts, surfactants, fatty amphiphiles and mixtures thereof.
6. The method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the step of locally densifying a portion of the surface of the discrete units by applying a compressive force to that portion of the discrete units' surface.
7. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the meltable material is water soluble.
8. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein portions of the strands are fused to each other.
9. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the strands comprise a filler material selected from the group consisting of: starches, gums, proteins, amino acids, water soluble polymers, water degradable polymers, water insoluble polymers, sugars, sugar alcohols, inorganic particles, surfactants, fatty amphiphiles and mixtures thereof and preferably wherein the filler material has a D50 from about 0.1 microns to about 200 microns, alternatively from about 0.2 to 150 microns, alternatively from about 0.5 to 100 microns.
10. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the strands comprise at least one benefit agent, preferably wherein the at least one benefit agent is encapsulated in a polymeric shell.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the benefit agent is selected from the group consisting of: perfumes, pro-perfumes, builders, heavy metal ion sequestrants, surfactants, fabric softeners, antistatic agents, silicones (e.g. , silicone oils, cationic silicones, silicone gums, high refractive silicones, and silicone resins), colorants, pigments, aversive agents such as bittering agents, enzymes, coenzymes, enzyme stabilizers, plant derivatives, plant extracts, botanicals, botanical extracts, anti-dandmff agents, antifoaming agents, oral care actives, personal health care actives, vitamins, anti-bacterial agents, anti-microbial agents, antifungal agents, their derivatives, and mixtures thereof.
12. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the strands contain at least one aversive agent and at least one benefit agent selected from the group consisting of: perfume oil, encapsulated perfume oil, builder, surfactant, fabric softener and silicone oil.
13. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the strands contain:
a filler particle comprising a D50 from between about 0.1 microns and about 200 microns; a benefit agent selected from the group consisting of perfume oil, encapsulated perfume oil, builder, surfactant, fabric softener and silicone oil; and
a safe and effective amount of an aversive agent.
14. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the strands comprises a filler particle comprising a D50 from between about 0.2 to about 150 microns.
15. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the strand comprises a filler particle comprising a D50 from between about 0.5 and about 100 microns.
The invention relates to method for manufacturing discrete articles. The invention relates particularly to methods for manufacturing unit dose consumer product articles.
Single use, or unit dose consumer goods are known in the art. Single use articles such as laundry pods, automatic dishwasher pods, fabrics softener sheets for clothes dryer use are each well known as are discrete single serving food items. Varying methods for the manufacture of such articles are known and are intimately related to the structures of the articles themselves. Unit does articles comprising a film or web may be manufactured using web handling methods. Pods, active chemistries enclosed in a soluble film, may be formed by forming a film cavity, filling the cavity and sealing the cavity with additional film portions. Some unit dose items may comprise a filled rigid shell wherein the filling differs from the shell and the formation may be accomplished by various known means. A unit dose having a substantially homogeneous composition but benefitting from a shell and core structure may enable unique consumer benefits. What is needed is a method for manufacturing discreet articles having such a homogeneous composition together with a shell and core structure.
In one embodiment, a method for forming an object includes steps of forming a non-woven mat from one or more strands of meltable material and subsequently forming discrete units from the non-woven mat where portions of the surface of the formed discrete units are locally densified.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As used herein, the term:"locally densified" means that the referenced portion or element has a greater density than at least some of the material adjacent to the referenced portion despite other similarities between the materials. A measure of material density taken to include the referenced portion and adjacent portions would demonstrate a density gradient with the referenced portion having a greater density.
As used herein, the term:"meltable" means a material having a phase transition temperature such that at or near the phase transition temperature the material transitions from a solid to a semi solid and then to a liquid as the energy input to the material continues and the temperature rises, and the material becomes subject to deformation and flow when acted upon, while below the phase transition temperature the material is solid and in a glassy, crystalline or semi-crystalline state and not subject to deformation and flow when acted upon.
In one embodiment, a method for forming an object comprises the steps of: providing semi solid stands of a meltable material, forming a non-woven mat comprising the strands of meltable material; and forming discrete units of the non-woven mat, wherein the surface of the discrete units comprises a locally densified portion.
As used herein, the terms:"strand" and"strands" are used interchangeably to refer to the individual materials used in the fabrication of the described articles. The articles may be formed from the proper manipulation of a single strand of material or from a plurality of strands of the material. The use of either strand or strands in any particular portion of the description should not be read as limiting that portion of the description or the invention regarding the number of strands utilized.
The meltable material may comprise a wax, thermoplastic starch or hydrocarbon based thermoplastic materials and polymers. The strand material may be water soluble. The material may be heated beyond the phase transition temperature of the material and drawn or otherwise extruded into one or more strands of the material. The strands of the material may be maintained at or above the phase transition temperature or cooled and subsequently reheated to a temperature at or above the phase transition temperature to render the strand(s) to a semi-solid state. In one embodiment, the strands comprise a filament having a diameter of between about 0.3 and about 2 millimeters. In one embodiment, the strands comprise a filament having a diameter of between about 0.4 and about 1.5 millimeters. In one embodiment, the strands comprise a filament having a diameter of between about 0.5 and about 1 millimeters. In another embodiment, the strands comprise a filament having a diameter of between about 1 and about 2 millimeters.
Exemplary meltable materials include: metals, hydrocarbon based thermoplastic resins such as: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene glycol, waxes, surfactants, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, fatty esters, fats, foods (chocolate).
Waxes can include compounds containing hydrogen, oxygen and carbon and may be derived from animal, plant, or petroleum sources. In one embodiment, the wax may include from about 15 to about 50 carbon atoms. They may be linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, cyclic and combinations thereof. Waxes may contain one or more functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxylate, carboxyl, ester, ethoxy, ether, acetal, aldehyde, ethoxy and ketones. Examples of waxes include beeswax, Chinese, lanolin, shellac, spermaceti, bayberry, candelilla, carnauba, castor, esparto, Japan, ouricury, rice bran, soy, tallow tree, ceresin, montan, ozocerite, peat, montan, paraffin, microcrystalline, myristic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, cetearic acid, dodecanoic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristic alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol and ethoxylated fatty alcohols. In one embodiment, a mixture of waxes can be used.
Meltable materials include molecules or mixtures of molecules containing from about 15 to about 50 carbon atoms, hydrogen and at least one heteroatom other than oxygen. The hydrocarbon chains may be linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, cyclic and mixtures thereof. Examples of meltable molecules may include single, double or tri- tailed surfactants, gemini surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and ethoxylated ionic surfactants. Prefered cationic surfactants include di(tallowyloxyethyl)hydroxyethylmethylammoniummethylsulfate, dimethyl bis(stearoyl oxy ethyl) ammonium chloride, dimethyl bis(tallowyloxyethyl)ammonium chloride, dimethyl bis(tallowyloxyisopropyl)ammonium methylsulfate. In one embodiment, a mixture of meltable materials can be used.
Exemplary thermoplastic polymers include: polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers such as butenediol vinylalcohol copolymers available as Nichigo G-Polymer® from Nippon Gohsei and poly[(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(ethylene glycol)] available as Kollicoat® from BASF, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol copolymers such as poly [polyethylene glycol-co-polypropylene glycol-co-polyethylene glycol] and poly [polypropylene glycol-co-polyethylene glycol-co-polypropylene glycol available as Pluronics® from BASF, poly(2-oxazoline) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) available as Aquazol® from Polymer Chemistry Innovations. In one aspect, the weight average molecular weight of the polymers is greater than 5,000g/mol or from about 8,000 g/mol to about 5,000,000g/mol or from about l0,000g/mol to about l,000,000g/mol. In one embodiemtn, a mixture of thermoplastic polymers can be used.
In one embodiment, the semi-solid strands may comprise a mixture of two or more waxes, thermoplastic starches, hydrocarbon based thermoplastic materials and thermoplastic polymers.
In one embodiment, the semi-solid strands may comprise a mixture of the meltable material and particles or filler material. The particles, or filler material, may comprise materials which are not meltable at the phase transition temperature of the meltable material.
Particles and fillers may be organic, inorganic or of mixed inorganic/ organic nature. Suitable particles may be selected from the group consisting of: starches, gums, polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, water soluble polymers, water degradable polymers, water insoluble polymers, sugars, sugar alcohols, inorganic particles, organic salts, surfactants, fatty amphiphiles and mixtures thereof. Starches may be sourced from corn, wheat, potato, rice, cassava and tapioca. Starches may be unmodified, modified, or partially degraded. Modified starch may include cationic starch, hydroxyehtyl starch, carboxymethylated starch, and polylactic acid graft-starch and polycaprylactone graft starch. Degraded starches may include dextrin and maltodextrin preferably with a dextrose equivalent of 30 or lower.
Gums can be extracted from natural sources, modified from natural sources or fermented. Suitable natural sources from gums include trees, plants, animals and seeds. Examples of natural gums include gum acacia, gum tragacanth, gum karaya, gum ghatti, nanocrylstalline cellulose, pectin, carrageenan, agar, furcellaran, konjac gum, gelatin, guar gum, locast bean gum, tara gum, cassia gum, mesquite gum, tamarind seed gum, quince seed gum, flaxseed gum, phyllium seed gum, oat gum, and microfibrillated cellulose. Gums may also be modified to create alkali cellulose, salts of carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose. Examples of fermented gums are xanthan gum, dextran and pullulan.
Suitable water-soluble polymers may be synthesized using vinyl addition reaction or ring opening synthesis. Examples of vinyl addition polymers are polyvinyl alcohol, poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), Poly(2-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate) methyl chloride quaternary salt, Poly(2-dimethylamino ethylacrylate) methyl chloride quaternary salt, poly(allylamine), polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, poly[n-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide], Poly((3- acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride), poly(n-(2-aminoethyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride quantized salt), poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), poly(styrenesulfonic acid), and poly(vinyl phosphoric acid). Examples of ring opening synthesized polymers include poly(2-oxazoline), poly(2-ethyl-2- oxazoline), polyethyleneimine, poly(maleic anhydride), and polyaspartic acid. Water soluble copolymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) available as Kollicoat® from
BASF. Water degradable polymers typically contain an ester bond in their backbone leading to hydrolysis in water. Examples of water degradable polymers include polylactic acid, poly glycolic acid, polybutylene succinate, polycaprolactone, polybutyrate, and poly(glycolic acid-co-lactic acid).
Examples of water insoluble polymers include nylon, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, latex and polyethylene. Latex may be natural rubber or synthetic. Commonly available synthetic latexes include nitrile rubber, polychloroprene, butyl rubber, fluorocarbon rubber, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene rubber and blends thereof. Polyethylene particles are available under the tradename VELUSTROL from HOECHST Aktiengesellschaft of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Examples of sugars and sugar alcohols include glucose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, lactose and trehalose. Examples of sugar alcohols include erythritol, threitol, arabitol, ribitol, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, iditol, volemitol, fucitol, inositol, maltitol and lactitol.
Examples of inorganic particles include silica, fumed silica, precipitated silica, talcum powder, graphite, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, antimony trioxide, copper, bentonite clay, laponite clay, aluminum silicate clay, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, tetramethyl ammonium chloride, alumina, titanium dioxide, chalk, titanium hydroxide, gypsum powder and sodium sulfate.
Examples of organic salts include choline chloride, betaine, sorbic acid, and uric acid.
Examples of surfactants can be cationic, anionic, nonionic or zwitterinoic and include sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, glucose amide, cetyl and trimethylammonium bromide.
Examples of fatty amphiphiles are fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty phenols, alkoxylated fatty phenols, fatty amides, alkyoxylated fatty amides, fatty amines, fatty alkylamidoalkylamines, fatty alkyoxyalted amines, fatty carbamates, fatty amine oxides, fatty acids, alkoxylated fatty acids, fatty diesters, fatty sorbitan esters, fatty sugar esters, methyl glucoside esters, fatty glycol esters, mono, di- and tri-glycerides, polyglycerine fatty esters, alkyl glyceryl ethers, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, cholesterol, ceramides, fatty silicone waxes, fatty glucose amides, and phospholipids.
Mixtures of fillers may be used. These mixtures can be physical blends of two or more types of fillers or two or more fillers that are melted or dissolved together to form a single filler comprising two or more materials. Suitable methods for forming filler particles include any typical method for creating powders such as grinding, milling, spray drying, roll drying, and prilling.
Every dimension of the filler particles should be smaller than the semi-strand diameter, more preferably less than 0.5 times and more preferably less than 0.1 times the semi-strand diameter. The D50 particle size can be determeind by the method below. The D50 of particles may be from between about 0.1 microns and about 200 microns, alternatively from between about 0.2 microns and about 150 microns, alternatively from between about 0.5 microns and about 100 microns. The size of particles can be modified by any common method for segregating or reducing particle size including sieving, grinding, cryogenic grinding, and milling. In one embodiment, the particles are spherical or ellipsoidal in shape. Exemplary filler particles are spherical in shape.
The melting temperature of the particle must be greater than the melting, processing and printing temperatures of the semi -strand. Melting temperature of the particles may be determined through standard methods including differential scanning calorimetry or a melt point apparatus.
In one embodiment, the semi-solid strand may further comprise a plasticizing agent. Plasticizing agents are small molecules that are soluble in the semi-solid strand that reduce melt viscosity. Non- limiting examples of plasticizers include water, polyethylene glycol with a weight average molecular weight of l,000g/mol or less, methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol and glycerin.
In one embodiment, the semi-solid strand may further comprise a benefit agent. The benefit agent may comprise: perfumes, pro-perfumes, builders, heavy metal ion sequestrants, surfactants, fabric softeners, antistatic agents, silicones (e.g., silicone oils, cationic silicones, silicone gums, high refractive silicones, and silicone resins), colorants, pigments, aversive agents such as bittering agents, enzymes, coenzymes, enzyme stabilizers, plant derivatives, plant extracts, botanicals, botanical extracts, anti-dandruff agents, antifoaming agents, oral care actives, personal health care actives, vitamins, anti-bacterial agents, anti-microbial agents, antifungal agents, their derivatives, and mixtures thereof. The benefit agent may comprise from between about 0.1 and about 50 weight percent, or from between about 0.2 and about 30 weight percent or from between about 0.5 and about 10 weight percent of the semi-solid strand.
In one embodiment, the benefit agent is at least partially surrounded with a wall material to create a microcapsule. In one aspect, the microcapsule wall material may comprise: melamine, polyacrylamide, silicones, silica, polystyrene, polyurea, polyurethanes, polyacrylate based materials, gelatin, styrene malic anhydride, polyamides, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, said melamine wall material may comprise melamine crosslinked with formaldehyde, melamine - dimethoxyethanol crosslinked with formaldehyde, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, said polystyrene wall material may comprise polyestyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene. In one aspect, said polyurea wall material may comprise urea crosslinked with formaldehyde, urea crosslinked with gluteraldehyde, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, said polyacrylate based materials may comprise polyacrylate formed from methylmethacrylate/dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate, polyacrylate formed from amine acrylate and/or methacrylate and strong acid, polyacrylate formed from carboxylic acid acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer and strong base, polyacrylate formed from an amine acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer and a carboxylic acid acrylate and/or carboxylic acid methacrylate monomer, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect, the perfume microcapsule may be coated with a deposition aid, a cationic polymer, a non-ionic polymer, an anionic polymer, or mixtures thereof. Suitable polymers may be selected from the group consisting of: polyvinylformaldehyde, partially hydroxylated polyvinylformaldehyde, polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, ethoxylated polyethyleneimine, polyvinylalcohol, poly acrylates, and combinations thereof. In one aspect, one or more types of microcapsules, for example two microcapsules types having different benefit agents may be used.
In one embodiment, the benefit agent is a perfume oil and may include materials selected from the group consisting of 3-(4-z-butylphenyl)-2-methyl propanal, 3-(4-/-butylphenyl)-propanal, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, and 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, damascenone, 6,7-dihydro- 1 ,1 ,2,3,3-pentamethyl-4(5H)-indanone, methyl-7, 3-dihydro-2H-l,5-benzodioxepine-3-one, 2-[2-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexenyl-l- yl)propyl]cyclopentan-2-one, 2-sec -butylcyclohexanone, and □ -dihydro ionone, linalool, ethyllinalool, tetrahydrolinalool, and dihydromyrcenol. Suitable perfume materials can be obtained from Givaudan Corp. of Mount Olive, New Jersey, USA, International Flavors & Fragrances Corp. of South Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, or Quest Corp. of Naarden, Netherlands .In one aspect, the benefit agent is a perfume microcapsule.
In one embodiment, the benefit agent is encapsulated in a shell. In one embodiment, the encapsulated benefit agent is perfume oil and the shell is a polymer.
In one embodiment, the benefit agent is a silicone. Useful silicones can be any silicone comprising compound. In one embodiment, the silicone polymer is selected from the group consisting of cyclic silicones, polydimethylsiloxanes, aminosilicones, cationic silicones, silicone polyethers, silicone resins, silicone urethanes, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the silicone is a polydialkylsilicone, alternatively a polydimethyl silicone (polydimethyl siloxane or "PDMS"), or a derivative thereof. In another embodiment, the silicone is chosen from an aminofunctional silicone, amino-polyether silicone, alkyloxylated silicone, cationic silicone, ethoxylated silicone, propoxylated silicone, ethoxylated/propoxylated silicone, quaternary silicone, or combinations thereof.
In one embodiment, the benefit agent is an enzyme. Suitable enzymes include proteases, amylases, cellulases, lipases, xylogucanases, pectate lyases, mannanases, bleaching enzymes, cutinases, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the benefit agent comprises an aversive material such as a bitterant material or a pungent material to deter or prevent ingestion of an article incorporating the aversive material, e.g. by a child or animal. The bitterant adds a bitter taste to the composition to which it is added. Suitable bitterants include denatonium salts (e.g., denatonium benzoate, denatonium saccharide, denatonium chloride), sucrose octaacetate, quinine, flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, naringen), and quassinoids (e.g., quassin, brucine). The pungent adds a sharp biting taste when ingested and a burning sensation when topically applied to the skin. Suitable pungents include capsaicin, piperine, allyl isothiocyanate, and resinferatoxin. Suitable levels of incorporation vary according to the particular bitterant or pungent material. As understood by the skilled artisan, the aversive component should be incorporated as a level sufficiently high to impart the unpleasant taste or sensation, yet sufficiently low to avoid potential toxicity from the aversive itself. Denatonium benzoate is particularly suitable in this regard, as its bitterness threshold is substantially lower than its toxicity threshold.
In one embodiment, the benefit agent is an oral care active. Suitable oral care actives include prevention agents including, but not limited to: sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate; dentinal hypersensitivity treatments including, but not limited to: potassium nitrate, strontium chloride and stannous fluoride; gingivitis prevention and treatment agents, including, but not limited to stannous fluoride, triclosan, cetyl pyridinium chloride and chlorhexidine; dental erosion prevention agents including, but not limited to: sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride and sodium polyphosphate; periodontitis treatment agents including, but not limited to chlorhexidine, tetracycline, doxycycline, and ketoprofen; dry mouth amelioration agents including, but not limited to pilocarpine, pellitorin.
In one embodiment, the benefit agent is a personal health care active. Suitable personal health care actives include Personal Healthe care: Cold and flu treatments including, but not limited to, Anti histamines, such as diphenhydramine hydrochloride, Doxylamine succinat, Chlorpheneramine Maleate, fexofenadine, terfenadine, cetirizine Decongestants; such as Phehylephrine Hydrochloride, Pseudoephedrine, Oxymetazoline, Expectorants, such as Guiafenesin, Cough Suppressants; such as dextromethorpand hydrobromide, Antipyretics and Analgesics, such as Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Aspirin. Antacids including but not limited to Acid reducers such as, magnesium Hydroxide, Alumimum Hydroxide, Calcium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, simethicone; H2 Antagonist, such as, cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine; Proton Pump inhibitors, such as Omeprazole, Pantoprazole. Antidiarrheals including but not limited to bismuth subsalicylate, loperamide. Probiotics including but not limited to bifidobacterium infantis, lactobacillus acidophilus. Bulk forming fibers including but not limited to Psyllium.
The mat of the material may be formed by a single strand coming from a single nozzle or from multiple strands, each produced by its own nozzle. If multiple strands are deployed, different strands can be made from different materials and some of these materials may be normally incompatible with one another, for example a detergent and a bleach. In the final product, the strands are physically separated in space, except for the few points where strands touch one another. Because these strands are so separated, otherwise incompatible materials can coexist within the same product without negatively impacting one another. The same is true when the mat is formed by feeding a single strand from a single nozzle when the nozzle feeds different materials at different times.
The strand(s) may be formed into a mat of the material by overlapping the strand(s) during deposition upon a target surface, or by air or hydroentangling the strands, or by other means known for the production of non woven materials from strands. The target surface may be heated to maintain the disposed strands of material at or above the phase transition temperature and maintain the material as a semi solid. In an embodiment, wherein the material is allowed to cool to a solid state, the material may be reheated using a heated surface or by irradiating the material using infra red or other electromagnetic radiation. While the material is in a semi- solid state and supported by either the original target surface used for the deposition of the strand, or a subsequent support surface, pressure may be applied to the material such that the strand portions comprising the external surface of the material may be compressed and that portion of the material may be locally densified. This may be done to only a portion of the exterior surface of the mat of material or may be done to the entire external surface of the mat of material to locally densify the entire external surface and form an exterior shell rendering the mat as a shell-core structure comprised of the deposited strands. In this manner, the result is an article unfirmly comprised of the deposited strands while having a shell-core structure wherein the shell differs form the core by having a greater density than the core of the article.
In one embodiment, a large mat of the material may be formed from the strands, in an intermediate step, the large mat may be segmented into discrete portions, each discrete portion may subsequently have a portion of the exterior surface locally densified resulting in the article with a shell-core structure. The formation of the shell-core structure with a density gradient between the shell and core and the formation of discrete articles from the original large mat may be accomplished in a single step wherein the mat is both severed into discrete portions and the discrete portions are subjected to forces which locally densify the external surfaces.
The formation of the articles may be accomplished in a batched manner wherein a predetermined mat portion is disposed upon an anvil and forming unit is then brought into contact with the disposed mat such that the mat is concurrently severed into portions and compressed to form the locally densified surface portions due to the configuration of the forming unit to comprise a contact profile having cutting portions and densifying portions. The cutting portions of the forming unit profile may be configured such that there is zero clearance between the cutting portions and the anvil when the forming unit is moved to the cutting, forming position, or a burst clearance wherein the mat is severed into discrete portions due to insufficient clearance between the anvil and forming unit without the need for actual contact between the anvil and forming unit due the bursting of the strands in the small gap. The formation of the articles may be accomplished in a continuous fashion wherein the mat is formed continuously by the deposition of strands from one or more nozzles upon a moving target surface which carries the deposited strands away from the nozzle and toward a forming element. In this embodiment, the forming element may comprise a rotating cylinder wherein the cutting and forming profile is disposed upon the circumference of the cylinder and the cylinder is disposed transverse to the moving target surface and disposed such that there is either zero gap between the cutting portion of the profile and the target surface or such that there is a sufficiently small gap between the forming unit and the target surface that the formed mat is severed into discrete elements when passing through the gap due to insufficient clearance for the strands in the gap.
As the units are formed, individual portion of the strands may become fused to each other due to the semi-solid nature of the strand. After the strands are cured the portions may remain fused together.
In one embodiment, continuous formation of the units may comprise passing the formed mat between a matched pair of forming unit rollers. The combination of rollers comprising matched forming unit profiles in the roller circumferences such that the mat passing through the gap between the rollers is separated into individual unit dose portions and the surfaces of the unit dose portions are locally densified. In this embodiment, the mat may be shaped on each of an upper and lower mat surface. The division of the mat into unit does portions and the local densification of the unit dose portion surfaces may occur by passing the mat between a single pair of matched forming unit rollers or by a sequence wherein the mat is passed between a first set of rollers wherein one of the two operations occurs followed by passage of the partially formed mat through a second set of rollers for the remaining forming operation
In each formation embodiment, the forming units may impart indicia to the formed units by embossing or debossing the surfaces of the mat during formation. In each embodiment, the shape of the formed units may be configured as an indicia, geometric shape, brand log, trademarked name or other recognizable shape. In each embodiment, the forming gap may be configured such that the unit dose elements are not completely separated in all instances. In these embodiment, the process may yield multi dose items comprised of separable unit dose items. The unit dose items joined together in a separable fashion to form the multi-dose item. The multi-dose item including perforated or otherwise frangible divisions between the individual unit dose portions allowing a user to easily separate the individual unit dose portions from the multi-dose item. In these embodiments, the separating portions of the forming profiles of the forming units may be configured to create perforated divisions between unit dose portions or to thin the original mat between unit dose portions to facilitate the separation of the unit dose portions from the multi-dose portion by a user.
After the discrete units have been formed and the external surface portions have been locally densified, the semi-solid strand material may be cured to a fully solid state to prevent subsequent distortion of the shape of the units. The curing may be accomplished actively by cooling the units with a fluid such as air or water, or the curing may be accomplished by maintaining the finished units in an environment below the phase transition temperature of the material of the strands. For some materials, the curing may be achieved by exposing the uncured material to appropriate electromagnetic radiation, such as thermoplastic resins which may be cured using ultra violet radiation.
In non-limiting examples, 3D articles of the present invention are made from extruding 3D Article-Forming Compositions. Article-Forming Compositions are prepared gravimetrically at ambient temperature by combining all ingredients of a 3D Article-Forming Composition (active agents, auxiliary ingredients, if any, and optional ingredients, if any) in a glass jar. The jars are then placed in an oven at 80 C until the ingredients have melted and then the 3D Article-Forming Compositions are stirred/mixed by hand to ensure that the ingredients are sufficiently blended together, for example homogeneously blended. The 3D Article-Forming Compositions are then ready for making into 3D Articles according to the present invention.
The 3D Article-Forming Compositions of Table 1 above are added to an extrusion system. The 3D Article-Forming Compositions are kept at a temperature of 55 °C and are pressurized to 200 PSI and extruded through a 0.7 mm diameter nozzle onto a build platform arranged at 40-inch distance away from the nozzle. Ambient temperature flow of cooling air is directed to the tip of the nozzle. The flow of cooling air is created by two opposite 9 inch x 0.002-inch air knifes with an inlet air pressure 10 psi. The build platform is moved randomly during extrusion until about a 1 inch thick layer of randomly patterned 3D mat is built on the build platform. A semi-spherical metal mold is then pressed onto the randomly patterned 3D mat while the 3D mat is still warm to form mini-dome 3D Articles having locally densified external surface portions. The mini-dome 3D Articles are then removed from the build platform once fully cooled. Particle Size Distribution Method
The particle size distribution may be determined using a laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. The Cilas, model 1180, available from CILAS, Orleans, France, is an exemplary laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. In this method, the principle of Fraunhofer scattering theory is used to calculate the size and distribution of particles. Results are displayed on a volume basis. The application of this method was applied to D-Mannitol using Dry mode while applying 500 mb of pressure to disperse the powder in order to get discrete particle sizes. For D-Mannitol sample the results from this particle size analysis are as follows: Dl0=l9 microns, D50=87 microns, D90=235 microns, Mean diameter= 107 microns.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as"40 mm" is intended to mean"about 40 mm."
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Next Patent: POSITION DEPENDENT SPATIAL VARYING TRANSFORM FOR VIDEO CODING


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VIP Indian Air Force flight IFC 31 (Meghdoot) carrying Indian external Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj en route from India to Mauritius on her way to South Africa to attend BRICS summit got incommunicado for 14 minutes on June 2, Airports Authority of India (AAI) confirmed in a statement.
Mauritius authorities had declared "INCERFA" alarm, which is known to be an 'aviation parlance' that readily means that the aircraft has entered an uncertainty phase wherein it is not known if the aircraft and its occupants are safe.
"Aircraft changed over from Indian airspace to Male ATC which then established contact with the aircraft at 4.44 pm IST. However, IFC 31 could not contact Mauritius ATC after entering Mauritius airspace. Mauritius ATC then activated INCERFA (the uncertainty phase). Later at 4.58pm IST, IFC 31 came in contact with Mauritius ATC and landed. Mauritius ATC activated INCERFA (uncertainty phase) without allowing the stipulated time period of 30 minutes to lapse from the time when aircraft last contacted ATC. This was perhaps done because the flight was carrying a VIP," AAI statement revealed.
Ministry of External Affairs confirms that during Swaraj's visit to South Africa she will attend BRICS summit on June 4 and will also greet and mark her presence on the 125th anniversary of the historic incident where Indian activist Mahatma Gandhi was thrown out of a train compartment in Pietermaritzburg railway station.
She will also chair a meeting of Foreign Ministers of IBSA (India, Brazil, South Africa), to strengthen ties and cooperation among the three countries on key global issues, the statement further reads.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Wood Stone Thumb Hook will allow you to use your right hand more freely and enable your fingers to move smoothly with stability.
The low and middle registers are enhanced because of the finish and amount of touchplate resonating with the Sax, and being able to hold the Sax in a more balanced manner allows you to relax your embouchure and hands and play more naturally with fluency.
Easy to fit to all Yamaha Soprano / Alto / Tenor / Baritones saxophones


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Our Mission
Exceptional Service, Work-Life Balance
Philadelphia Nanny Network is dedicated to:
(1) Providing families with high quality support that promotes peace of mind and helps parents achieve a robust work-life balance.
(2) Building trust and confidence by cultivating a valued staff and identifying rewarding career opportunities.
(3) Remaining a recognized leader in establishing Best Practices and advocating for healthy child development by offering the highest quality in-home child care and household help.
Our History
Always the Perfect Fit
Our roots stretch deeply through time. Since 1985, we've helped our clients find new ways to improve their work-life balance—moving well beyond traditional nannies. As families and life have evolved, we've made sure to always be there with customized options that fit the unique needs of each family. As the demand for do-it-yourself help grew, we created options to help with screening and support services. When requests increased for corporate backup services, we met the need, offering immediate and reliable care. Winning the Innovative Award and Meritorious Award from two leading industry associations reflects our commitment to adapting to the dynamic needs of families, ensuring you're consistently our top priority. As always, PNN continues to design innovative, personalized solutions that fit varying lifestyles—meeting each family where, when and how they need us.
Wendy Sachs
Founder & CEO
Wendy Sachs is an industry trailblazer. As CEO and founder of Philadelphia Nanny Network, Ms. Sachs has demonstrated her unwavering commitment to supporting families with extraordinary caregivers for more than 30 years. As an industry leader, she has been widely recognized as an innovator who has developed the highest standards in the business for recruiting, screening and hiring the best nannies and household helpers. Her distinguished expertise has led to more than 500 interviews on newscasts including CNN, CNBC and NBC, and in leading newspapers and magazines across the country. Ms. Sachs is a renowned industry veteran. As a founding member of the International Nanny Association (INA) in 1985, her participation includes serving four terms as President and two terms as Co-President, also filling roles as Secretary, Board member, educator, and mentor. She is currently a Board member for the Association of Premier Nanny Agencies (APNA). Her industry advocacy includes actively participating on multiple task forces, and she has tirelessly devoted abundant time and energy to developing workshops and conference presentations for agencies, caregivers and parents focused on advancing professional standards and identifying the highest caliber caregivers. Sachs continues to dedicate her time and resources to refining screening processes that remain at the vanguard of the industry.
Business Coaching
Change is a constant in the marketplace. As a coach, Wendy Sachs supports and advises entrepreneurs and businesses in the household staffing industry. Business owners can rely on Wendy's depth of experience to identify emerging trends in the industry and boost their marketability. As a recognized authority in domestic staffing, she has provided invaluable coaching to many business owners seeking to incorporate best practices, feel more confident about meeting new challenges, and improve their ability to expand their market share.
Request an Appointment
Jenna Hamilton
Staffing Manager
Kathleen Labieniec and Melissa Riccardi
Recruiting Team
firstname.lastname@example.com and email@example.com
Brelyn Davis
Staffing Coordinators
Shannon Vandergast
Long Term Placement Manager
Shauna Yarnell and Susan Taylor
HR Assistants
email@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com
Katie Spina
Staffing and Recruiting Assistant
Meet Available Candidates
Katie R.
Montgomery County, PA
Infants through teenagers
Monday-Friday, full time hours
What Families Say
"She always thought of things for the kids to do," "Nanny is a great problem solver and very resourceful," "When she arrives, she jumps right in and starts interacting with the kids on their level," "Any family who gets Nanny will be fortunate," "I wish I could hire her full time!"
Danielle R.
Montgomery County, PA
Toddlers through teenagers
Monday-Friday, full time hours
What Families Say
"I love that Nanny is able to maintain a good sense of flexiblity while knowing how to be regimented," "She was very engaging with the children and would take them to the local library and on many walks in the park," "I would highly recommend her to any family!"
Jacqueline B.
Philadelphia County, PA
Infants through teenagers
Fridays, Saturdays, & Sundays
What Families Say
"Nanny is very dependable, responsible, and a great communicator," "She was very creative and found new ways to make healthy treats for the kids," "Nanny is on top of child development milestones," "If she is ever back in the area we would love to have her come back and work for us!"
Lauren G.
Philadelphia County, PA
Infants through school-aged kids
Monday-Friday, full time hours
What Families Say
"She is mature beyond her years," "Always dependable, responsible, quick to respond to texts and phone calls, and great with short notice change," "I am confident that our kids are in safe hands with Nanny," "Excellent creativity. She would look up different activities for the kids to do throughout the city!"
Richelle Z.
South Jersey
Newborns through school-aged kids, including triplets
Mondays-Fridays, including weekends
What Families Say
"She is very affectionate, nurturing, and has a great sense of humor," "Nanny always has something fun for the kids up her sleeve," "She is full of energy and great at keeping up with triplets," "Nanny is the type of person you want your kids to be around and the perfect person to be a fill in parent when you cannot be there!"
Sarah J.
Wilmington, DE
Toddlers through teenagers
Mondays-Fridays, including weekends
What Families Say
"Nanny never let kids just sit and watch TV. She always had activities for the kids," "She has great initiative. I came back home to the kids entertained, dishes done, and house clean," "Nanny does all sorts of arts & crafts, bike riding, nature walks, and playground trips," "I would recommend her!"


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Egg-cellent Easter Treats From Cornwall
Whether you are looking to make your own or pick up a selection of Easter-themed chocolate goodies - we have a few places you may want to check out!
Chocolarder - As one of the only small bean to bar chocolate makers in the country, you can expect the finest, handcrafted chocolate in Chocolarder's Easter eggs. One of our favourites is the Wild Gorse 50% Milk Easter Egg, with delicious coconut and fudge flavours - yum!
Kernow Chocolate - Handmade in Cornwall, using sustainably grown cocoa, Kernow Chocolate have a wonderful selection of Easter goodies - from chocolate bunnies and hot cross bun chocolate to their selection of Easter eggs. We've got our eye on the creme caramel!
Raw Chocolate Pie & Fudge - Made just down the road, Raw Chocolate Pie have a lovely selection of Vegan chocolate treats. With all their eggs being vegan, gluten-free, soya free, palm oil-free and suitable for diabetics, they really cover all bases and are super delicious!
The Chocolate Factory - Handmade in Mullion Cove, you can pick up these Easter eggs at various sizes, from 100 grams as a small treat to a whopping 1.25kg for those serious chocolate lovers!
Coco Kitchen - Head on down to St Ives and make your own Easter egg this year. The team at Coco Kitchen have been making delicious truffles for over 10 years, and are now handing over the making to you. Be a chocolatier for the day on one of their workshops and take all the tasty treats that you create home with you!


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This year Dustin and I were given the opportunity to take a vacation to Scottsdale, AZ. Dustin works for a company called Reynolds & Reynolds. Every year at the end of the sales year, they treat the top salesman to a trip and 2015's trip was to The Phoenician Resort in Scottsdale, Arizona. I know, I know… when you hear Arizona, it's not exactly the most ideal vacation spot. But let me tell you, it was fabulous. We went in November, which I think is honestly the best time of year to go. The days were warm enough to wear a tank and shorts, but not so warm that you would start sweating. The evenings were cool enough to wear a sweater and but you definitely didn't need a coat.
A lot of the photographers that I follow are on the west coast, and a couple actually in Arizona. I always envy the way their pictures look. I typically attribute it to some fantastic film camera they shot with, or a crazy awesome editing technique that they did. While we were in Arizona though I found out why their images look so awesome… the lighting and the natural colors and the landscape of Arizona creates that beautifulness. (By no means am I belittling the talent of these photographers, they obviously still had edits and shooting skills that made their images outstanding.) The color of green that is found naturally in the landscapes of Arizona are so wondrously muted. If anyone ever wants to travel to Arizona for some photographs, consider me on board.
The last thing I want to touch on in hopes to persuade you to add Arizona to your travel list is the hiking. If you are currently in East Tennessee, you probably have done some hiking in the Smokey Mountains. Everything about hiking in the Smokeys is completely opposite when hiking in Arizona. First, all of your trails are dust and rocks as compared to the muddy, leafy, and grassy. Second, there are small cactuses and giant bolders that line the trail as compared to the sky-scrapping trees. There are both pros and cons to this different landscape, you can see all the views because there are not trees completely blocking but then there is also no shade making you completely susceptible to blistering sun. Third, it is incredibly easy to breath in Arizona with the zero humidity and really low altitudes. If you're like me and have asthma, this is a big deal.
So that's it. That's my spill. Arizona is awesome! If you love to support local artists like myself, please go find me on social media by clicking the following links: Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest or Twitter! You can also hit the subscribe button above and subscribe to my blog and you'll begin receiving my newest posts directly in your inbox!


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27 Dorcas Street,...
Located conveniently next to North Brighton train station, this outstanding first-floor office space is light, bright and ready to be occupied!
Ideal for operators looking for an affordable workspace away from home!
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Case Study
Avanti | Reimagining Financial Inclusion through Choice, Context & Community
Financial inclusion is a necessary pathway to enable the sustainable growth of any country. It is about creating a more equitable economic system, that creates availability, and supports equal opportunities to access financial services. In India, this journey of taking banking and other financial services to the masses has been paved with challenges in spite of its stated intent of ameliorating poverty. While 80 per cent of Indian adults have a bank account today – a great achievement indeed, according to the World Bank, over 48 per cent of these have had no transactions in the last one year. Another worrying statistic by the IMF bemoans that only 13 per cent of Indian adults have borrowed through formal channels, and hardly 35 per cent of Indian farmers have utilised institutional loans. Which means to say that the rest are dependent on non-institutional sources such as local moneylenders or acquaintances who levy exorbitant interest rates.
The goal of financial inclusion – giving the financially excluded an opportunity to change their economic circumstances through better livelihood, can only be fulfilled if the financially excluded are part of the mainstream financial system and are empowered to save, borrow and receive benefits. It is critical that citizens are financially literate (and digitally literate to access online services), and have products that are tailored to their economic needs. However, ground realities are far from this – according to Standard & Poor's 'Global Financial Literacy Survey – 2014', the average financial literacy rate in India is 24 per cent, resulting in poor financial health, especially in low-income segments.
The Indian government has invested substantially in building the foundation for financial inclusion through Aadhaar – a unique identity to each Indian citizen, Jan Dhan accounts (for direct transfer of social benefit payments) and a digital payment infrastructure called BHIM. However, these initiatives need to be leveraged by different actors to strengthen the agenda of financial inclusion. To address the aspirations of millions of the country, we need inclusive, diverse, local-level, on-ground solutions that impart financial counselling, entrepreneurial growth in rural & urban India, digital literacy and well-being.
What is Avanti trying to solve?
Avanti Finance entered the microfinance sector with an unwavering intent on creating a sustainable model for interventions which have lasting impact on communities. Avanti's approach is a trust-based model that relies on social reference – meaning, the model works on building 'trust' through on-ground partners and discussions with borrowers that are focused on livelihood generation.
Avanti was aware that they needed an approach founded in restoring the agency of every loan taker, of addressing the diversity of the challenge – no one solution fits all and one that caters to the scale of the problem – not excluding anyone who needs a loan.
Avanti found resonance in the Societal Platform approach and its core value, and adopted the approach which is encapsulated in their mission, Provide access to credit & affordable financial services in a timely manner to drive sustainable livelihoods & community-owned local capacity to service 100 million households in India.
Key elements of Avanti's approach that enabled designing a Societal Platform
Avanti's approach is resolutely centred around the borrower. Understanding the needs of the borrower, their repayment patterns, and structuring products that suit their livelihood are key aspects of their approach. This helps them Resolve for Diversity, one of the core values of Societal Platform Thinking, while they address the borrowers' requirements attached to the loan.
Avanti's goal is to improve access to credit with least friction and documentation, and empower the borrower to own their credit. They offer affordable, minimum paper incentive loans with zero processing fees or late fees, and a flexible repayment schedule aligned with people's livelihood flow.
Avanti does this by leveraging the high repayment rate of microfinance, thereby, investing their efforts on making the actual usage of credit by the borrowers meaningful. In areas that Avanti is operating in, loans are taken to open small grocery stores, buy an automobile such as e-rickshaw, expand their dairy business – leading to income upliftment, sustainable livelihoods and impact, and they have proven to be reliable borrowers
The process
Avanti platform is one of the most affordable and least paper intensive borrowing platforms in the country and that makes it highly accessible to the borrowers. This process starts with borrowers' group needs being assessed by the partner after which a product is designed to suit the income cycle and needs of the borrowers in partner geography. After this, the borrower is introduced to the Avanti platform and its offerings in the second step.
Once the borrower has concurred with the process and its details, the third step is to get them on-boarded on the Avanti platform with her basic details and documents. Following which a loan application of the borrower is filled by the partner agent on the Avanti platform. Then the borrower reads the terms and conditions and signs the loan in the fourth step. Once through this, the borrower receives a message with all their loan details.
This process makes the role of a partner extremely pivotal and Avanti realizes how they need adept people for this role to reach the community and bridge them with the needs of the borrowers effectively. They conduct an extensive partner assessment based on the partners' purpose, size, scale, reach and governance. Ability of the partner to create impact at a community level is another criteria that is applied while selecting potential partners. The partners that qualify are then onboarded on the Avanti with some basic data fields and documents to be uploaded on the platform.
These partners are usually embedded in the community, have deep expertise and engagement with the community and have a nuanced understanding of the socio economic conditions as well as needs of the value chains. The partners become the connection between Avanti by conducting need assessments for the borrower, helping them come on the platform and applying and availing for the loan while helping Avanti provide a customized solution to their borrowers.This increases the capacity of the resources entrenched in the community to ensure sustainability in their interventions.
Partner agents are also involved in financial literacy (material and information provided by Avanti) of the borrower which enables them to repay the loan. Avanti ensures that the interface is responsive to the local needs of the communities. It is translated in multiple languages and the products can be customised based on the local needs for the community.
The importance of crowdsourcing for Avanti Finance
Avanti is cognizant that it does not know everything. It is well understood at Avanti that local insights and knowledge are crucial to scale a customised solution and hence they crowdsource borrower evaluation processes, loan application, borrower sourcing and also repayment process from its partners and other platforms. It does this by onboarding multiple partners to rate and evaluate the users on its platform while also integrating itself with as many widely used payment platforms as possible. Not only does it widen their network and capabilities, it also can be used by any financial organization that aims to increase at scale – using Avanti interface to onboard, evaluate and monitor its loans which can be further used to reach a larger base.
This openness on the Avanti platform, that allows multiple partners to harness the available network and capabilities facilitates them to Resolve for Scale. Avanti platform is open access and designed for thousands of financial organisations to take advantage of to deliver on the same mission. It can be used as a service to any financial organisation that aims to increase its scale and reach by using the Avanti interface to onboard, evaluate and monitor its loans. Hence, it can be used by any financial organisation to reach a larger or specific borrower base. Hence, in turn helping Avanti bring Financial Inclusion and affordable financial goods and services to a larger demographic in the country.
Avanti is co-owned by the community
Their Partner led operating model ensures the community comes together to support the credit process. Second, the data on Avanti is used to help the borrowers gain 'digital identity' and thereby increase financial inclusion. Avanti ensures complete transparency and interaction on its platform and does not own data but is just a custodian of information. The knowledge gained by Avanti on its platform can be accessed by the community; only open source data is shared with partners and all personal details of the borrowers are protected.
To Restore Agency and make the platform and its services extremely inclusive, the products are developed by Avanti with the community through the partner model to ensure delivery of a customized solution for all those coming on board. Hence, Avanti co owns the platform and its data with the community.
Looking forward
Avanti is at the beginning of a new generation of financial inclusion. The current COVID-19 crisis makes Avanti's mission critical as it plays a part in building and restoring livelihoods. Digital delivery models are getting strong tailwinds, and traditional high-touch models will have to recalibrate.
Avanti does not compare (or compete) with NBFC-MFIs, rather they are looking to collaborate with them as a key partner to pursue their mission. While they embark on their own digital journey, Avanti sees a large number of them partnering on their platform to serve their end customers. Avanti's platform has the potential to create a large number of small- and medium-sized financial organisations to serve local ecosystems.


text: In the competitive world of business more emphasis is placed on developing personal relationships and business friendships than has been expected in the past. The individual who avoids opportunities to meet new people or whose conversation is frozen by these meetings will limit themselves professionally as well as personally. This fast paced, interactive and informative program will help you... · Engage anyone in conversation with poise and confidence· Revive a dying conversation· Remember names and master introductions· Come across as composed and self-assured when talking to people or entertaining at conventions, trade shows and other work related functions· Become an "active" listener· Overcome communication barriers· Handle awkward situations· Come up with topics to discuss· Avoid conversation "killers"· Develop business friendships· Prepare for successful conversation· Feel more at ease at parties, banquets, receptions and networking events· Exit with grace


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Results 1 to 13 of 13
01-27-2006 #1Registered User
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- Aug 2004
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- Encinitas, CA
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Comprehensive TKO transmission guide for first gen Camaros
Tremec TKO Installation and Tech Guide for 1967-69 Camaros
Classic Chevy 5-Speed
We get a lot of great questions about the specific issues that are involved when installing a Tremec TKO transmission into a first Gen Camaro so we thought we would compile the answers in one place. This list should be pretty complete but there is always something new that comes up.
TKO Fitment
For the vast majority of first gen Camaro/TKO installation, you will not run into any tunnel fitment issues. With that said there are a few issues that can make this installation a little more challenging. These potential issues include worn or crushed body mount bushings or a misaligned subframe.
Tunnel clearance issues
Although it is rare, we have seen examples where clearance is limited, or non existent, between the top of the transmission to the bottom of the floor pan. We have found that worn or crushed body mount bushings, non-stock shorter style body bushings, an incorrect transmission mount, incorrect motor mounts or motor mount perches, or floor sag are some of the reasons for this problem and in most cases can be easily corrected.
To determine if you have floor sag, first check to make sure your body mounts are in good condition, that you have the correct perches, and the correct motor mounts. If you still have clearance problems it could be that there is some floor sag. This is not an uncommon problem in a first gen Camaro. A good indicator to detect floor sag is that you will have a difficult time removing the stock cross member without first removing or loosening the rear frame bolts. Also, severe floor sag can be detected by looking through the back window at the front bucket seats and see if they are tilted towards each other.
To correct floor sag there is a very unscientific yet very effective remedy that consists of a floor jack and a solid piece of 4x4 about 24" long. After the car is safely supported on stands, the 4x4 is placed in the factory stamped indentations in the floor that are there to accommodate the cross member. Next, position the floor jack in the center of the 4x4 and jack up the floor gently! You can move the 4x4 six inches at a time toward the front of the car until you get to the area where the floor angles up toward the firewall. Use caution doing this and go a little at a time. It is advisable to measure the floor position before you start and then after each time you attempt to correct the problem. You will be surprised at how easily the floor will move. It may be necessary to trim the front console bracket bolts to provide clearance for the forward transmission cover plate. ¼" of clearance between the floor and the transmission is all that is required for an acceptable fit. The tallest point on the transmission is the vent, Clearance at this point should be about ¼". If you have any questions please call us
Misaligned subframe
Incorrect subframe alignment due to a collision or improper reinstallation after a restoration can result in your shifter being positioned incorrectly within your stock center console. If your shifter does not fit within your console properly because of sub frame misalignment, you can talk with us about purchasing an optional McLeod Slik Stix shifter with a custom offset to correct this. Although it usually does not warrant concern, a misaligned subframe can also result in incorrect driveshaft fit.
Shifter Location & Center Consoles
The dead center of the stock 4-speed shifter hole in the floorboard of a 68-69 Camaro happens to be 17 3/8" back and from where the transmission mounts to the bellhousing. Also, the hole is offset to the driver's side by ¾" from the centerline of the tunnel. 1967 models have the same offset from center (3/4") but the center of the stock hole is 1 ¼" further forward when compared to the '68-69 models. In other words the center of the hole for the '67 is 16 1/8" back from where the transmission attaches to the bellhousing.
When using the stock Tremec shifter, that is included with the transmission, the shifter stub will not be exactly "dead center" in your stock console but it will be very close. By simply unbolting the stock shifter, rotating it around 180*, and then re-installing it on the transmission, you will position the shifter 16.75" back from the front of the transmission. With slight modifications to the floorboard and to the plastic shift tunnel piece (the piece that extends from your console shift plate down to your carpet) this position will work for 67-69 Camaros. These modifications are relatively minor and are effectively undetectable.
If you do not want to make any of these modifications and you are looking for a performance oriented shifter, CC5S has optional low-profile shifters available for '67 models as well as 68-69 models with the proper offsets for dead center shift stick position within your stock console. Additionally, due to the lower profile of these shifters, the shifter fits underneath the floorboard and console which means there are no console or floorboard modifications required.
If you do not have a center console, most people will elect to use the stock Tremec shifter that is included with the TKO. This shifter is a nice piece – it is built by Hurst for Tremec.
You can view several pictures of TKO's installed into various car models using both the Tremec shifter and the offset shifter: http://www.classicchevy5speed.com/im...c_Purchase.htm.
Click here to read more about the offset shifter and how it is designed: http://www.classicchevy5speed.com/TK..._positions.htm.
The TKO transmission is longer than the stock Muncie or automatic transmission found in older cars. When creating our TKO kits, to make the installation easier and to achieve a driveline angle that is within tolerance, we have designed a custom crossmember especially for the first generation Camaros & Firebirds. Modifying your stock crossmember for use with a TKO is possible but it will involve cutting and welding of the crossmember and possibly re-drilling your frame rails as well making some floor pan modifications between the frame rail and floorboard. Using a custom TKO crossmember designed specifically for the first gen cars is a bolt-in situation that saves time and headaches, requires no modifications to your car, and achieves the proper driveline angle.
Depending on whether you have a big block or small block, there are two different crossmembers for the first gen Camaros. When installing a TKO, if you have a big block motor and you are using the stock big block motor mount perches which position the motor a bit closer to the passenger side of the car, you will need to use a special big block Camaro TKO crossmember. If you have a small block motor you would use the small block Camaro TKO crossmember.
Clutch pedals & linkage for auto to manual swaps:
The TKO transmission can use the stock clutch linkage found in a stock 4-speed car. When you are converting from an automatic to the TKO you will need to purchase a clutch/brake pedal assembly as well as the clutch linkage components. You have two options with regard for pedals and linkage. First, if you would prefer to work with original GM parts, you can these parts from a Camaro salvage yard. Alternatively, you can purchase a reproduction set of pedals and linkage – these parts are readily available in a kit format from the various Camaro parts suppliers including Classic Chevy 5-Speed. Buying reproduction parts is definitely convenient and easy. These kits usually cost around $150-$200.
Hydraulic clutch linkage
Instead of using the stock mechanical linkage, you can use a hydraulic clutch set up with the TKO if you prefer. You can choose to use either a hydraulic master cylinder with a slave cylinder or a hydraulic master cylinder and hydraulic throw out bearing combination. It is critical to make sure to attach the hydraulic master clutch pedal push rod in the correct geometric location on the clutch pedal. A bracket designed to properly install the master cylinder to the firewall will need to be fabricated. The Classic Chevy 5-Speed hydraulic clutch kit includes a custom firewall mount bracket designed specifically for the master cylinder installation.
As mentioned above, on the other end of the master cylinder you will install either a hydraulic throw out bearing or a hydraulic slave cylinder. The hydraulic TO bearing installs onto the front of the transmission and takes place of the clutch fork and stock throw bearing. The benefit to the hydraulic TO bearing is that it conveniently sits inside of the bellhousing allowing more room for headers.
The slave cylinder is installed onto the exterior of the scattershield with a mounting bracket that needs to be fabricated and uses the stock clutch fork and stock TO bearing. The benefit to the slave cylinder is that if you need to replace it you will not need to remove the transmission and bellhousing as you would with the hydraulic TO bearing. The tough part about the slave cylinder option is that it often interfers with headers.
Speedometer hook up
The TKO is set up to work with either your stock mechanical speedometer or an aftermarket electric speedometer. When using the stock mechanical speedometer gauge, the solution is to use a custom speedometer cable with an integrated adapter that is designed for use with the TKO. This set up will also come with the correct speedometer driven gear to match up with your rear gears and rear tire size. If you are using an aftermarket, electrical speedometer gauge such as an Autometer, you will use the electric speedometer pick up located on the passenger side of the transmission case. Simply plug in the correct pigtail adapter and attach the two wires to the correct leads from your electric speedometer gauge. If you are using an electric speedo, make sure to properly plug off the mechanical speedometer adapter hole with the correct plug (Tremec part #30360-1X). Custom speedometer cables and electric speedometer plug in kits are often available form the company that you purchased your transmission.
Driveshaft Length, Slip Yoke, and Ujoint Sizes
The TKO's output shaft sits about 3/8" within the rubber dust boot that is part of the TKO's rear seal. Knowing this, you should be able to see approximately 0" to as much as ¾" of the slip yoke shaft showing past the tip of the rubber dust boot. If you can see ¾" of slip yoke showing, this means that you actually have 1 1/8" (3/8" + ¾"= 1 1/8") of slip yoke that extends past the tip of the output shaft. If the slip yoke is compressing the rubber dust boot, your driveshaft would be too long. If the slip yoke is just touching the tip of the dust boot, your driveshaft length is fine.
The TKO has a 31 spline output shaft and uses a C6 31 spline slip yoke. It is recommended that you use a Spicer brand slip yoke for best fitment.
The most common rear ujoint size found on a first gen Camaro is the 1310 size.
The proper driveshaft length when installing a TKO transmission into a '67-69 Camaro with a stock rear end is 47" from centerline of front ujoint to centerline of rear ujoint. The stock driveshaft diameter is 3".
Choosing the proper driveshaft for your application
There are several factors that you need to consider when selecting the best driveshaft/slip yoke/ujoint combination – especially if you have a high horsepower motor or if you are using slick tires, nitrous or other power adders (superchargers, blowers, etc.). The following are general guidelines for driveshaft selection:
Generally speaking, if your car is mostly street driven (occasional street fun and mild strip action), has street tires (not slicks), and is under 500 HP, the stock size driveshaft (3" steel) and stock size rear ujoint (1310) will probably be adequate.
•If you are above 500HP with street tires, you should consider a 3.5" diameter driveshaft and the larger 1330 ujoint and 1330 rear pinion yoke.
•If your motor is producing more than 500HP and you have slicks, or if you are using a blower or nitrous, you should consider a 3.5" or 4" diameter shaft with 1350 ujoints. This will require upgrading to a 1350 pinion yoke to match the larger ujoints.
•Some people like to use aluminum driveshafts instead of steel. The aluminum driveshaft costs a bit more money but offers the following benefits: same strength as steel, 30%-40% lighter than steel, and can absorb vibrations better. If weight savings is not an issue a steel driveshaft should be adequate.
When in doubt, check with your driveshaft professional to select the proper combination for your needs.
Driveline & ujoint angles
When installing a non-stock transmission such as a TKO into a classic Chevy, we occasionally receive questions about driveline & ujoint angles. Some of the questions that come up are: why do I have to worry about angles, aren't ujoints supposed to solve angle problems? Or: I have a vibration, is it being caused by my driveshaft? The following rules of thumb and the attached link should help you understand ujoints and their limits and help you put your driveline together without problems.
Both the transmission output shaft (which includes the entire crank centerline of the engine) and rear end pinion should both be on the same angle (parallel, or as close as possible). The ujoints should have an EQUAL (within 1*) AND OPPOSITE (to each other) ANGLE of no more than 3.5 degrees. This is a perfect world setting, but we all know that's not always achievable. The closer you can get to these specifications the longer your ujoints will last. The farther from these settings you go, the lifespan of the ujoints is reduced and the possibility of vibration associated with them increases. This does not mean that you will have a vibration that you can feel if you are not right on these specs. The goal should be to get as close as you can. Ujoints MUST have at least a ½ degree angle to operate. A ujoint that is zero angled will not last very long. There are a lot of modified cars on the road with less than desirable ujoint angles and they run with no noticeable vibration but their lifespan will be shortened. Another thing to consider is spring wrap which is a very important thing to consider when diagnosing a vibration problem. There have been a lot of people who have incorrectly diagnosed a driveshaft vibration and have blamed the driveshaft when it isn't the problem at all. When accelerating and decelerating the pinion angle changes. When accelerating the pinion goes up, when decelerating the pinion goes down. This changes the ujoint angle drastically, especially at the rear. If your springs are weak or if you have a lot of horsepower with good traction, this can be a real problem because as the angle increases beyond acceptable limits the vibration gets worse. Try to get your angles as close as you can then worry about stabilizing the rear end if it becomes an issue. Have a look at the link here. It should help you further. Thanks to the Driveline Doctors for this.
One other thing to consider is driveshaft RPM and length. The faster a driveshaft spins and the longer it is there is a greater possibility of the "skipping rope effect" to occur. This is very dangerous as the drive shaft will want to fold in half and we don't need to talk about why this is not a good thing. Make sure you talk to your supplier about your intentions with your car. The supplier of your drive shaft will work with you to get the correct length and material thickness for your application.
Clutch Fork Alignment & Throw Bearing Adjustment
If you are using a stock GM bellhousing you will simply need to use a stock length throw out bearing, stock clutch fork, and stock ball stud. No clutch fork adjustments are required.
If you are using a scattershield you will need to make sure your clutch fork and TO bearing are properly adjusted. Using an adjustable TO bearing and/or an adjustable ball stud will help you achieve the clutch fork angle that is required. Click on this link to see an illustration and detailed instructions: http://www.classicchevy5speed.com/fi...ring_instr.pdf.
Pilot Bearing Removal
Pilot bearing/bushing removal can be accomplished in different ways. Packing grease behind the bearing to press it out is one method but here is a tool we found that makes the job clean and easy. Visit www.springertool.com to purchase this specialty tool. Click here for a picture: http://www.springertool.com/files/3sizes_1.jpg.
Bellhousing Alignment
Before installing your new Tremec TKO transmission, it is important to make sure that your bellhousing or scattershield is properly aligned with the centerline of the crankshaft. The alignment process is called "dial indicating". If using a stock GM bellhousing or a Lakewood scattershield, dial indicating is necessary before installing your transmission. If you are using a McLeod scattershield or a CC5S reproduction aluminum bellhousing and your motor has not been line bored, checking alignment is not necessary as these scattershields are built to within .005" of the crank centerline (the max required run out for installing a TKO)***. A bellhousing that is not centered with the crank can result in poor shifting, clutch engagement problems, worn pilot bearing, as well as accelerated wear on the transmission itself.
*** If you choose to check alignment a McLeod scattershield, do so without the silver register ring installed in the register hole – checking alignment with this ring in place will give you a false reading.
Unfortunately checking the alignment can be a tedious task, especially if the engine is still in the car. To check for proper alignment, you will need a dial indicator, some basic tools, and a bit of patience.
Checking bellhousing alignment
1. Making sure that dowel pins are clean and free from dirt and/or paint, securely mount bellhousing to the engine block, and torque all bellhousing-to-engine bolts to specification. If you are using a scattershield, make sure the block plate is installed. Make sure your stock dowel pins protrude out far enough to let the scatter shield and block plate fit on the flat part of the dowel and not the tapered part. If the scattershield is resting on the tapered part this can cause inaccurate measurements. It may be necessary to tap the stock dowels out far enough to allow this. Moroso makes longer straight dowels for this purpose.
2. Install dial indicator base on the flywheel and adjust plunger to contact the inside edge of the register bore of the bellhousing. If you need to create space for the dial indicator base to sit flat on the flywheel, remove two of the flywheel bolts that are directly across from one another.
3. With the dial indicator mounted correctly, rotate the crank 360* and note the indicator readings. Using an inspection mirror to read the gauge as it rotates is helpful. Mark your readings at the 12:00, 3:00, 6:00, and 9:00 positions. This will give you an indication of which direction you need to move the housing - if necessary. Make sure to double check your readings. The total travel of the needle, divided by two, equals your reading – this reading is the amount of misalignment between the crank centerline and the bellhousing bore. Tremec specifies a maximum misalignment, or "runout" of 0.005". If you have more than .005" runout you will need to correct this by using offset dowel pins. If your reading is 0.005" or less, your bellhousing is within tolerance and you are finished with this process. If you have between 0.005" – 0.040" misalignment, you can correct it by using the correct offset dowel pins (proceed to step #4). If your misalignment is greater than 0.040" you have either measured incorrectly or there is a problem with your bellhousing and it will likely need to be replaced.
Bellhousing alignment procedures
1. To correct misalignment, you will need to use offset dowel pins. We have found an excellent set of offset dowel pins from RobbMc Performance Products (www.robbmcperformance.com). The job is much easier with these dowel pins.
2. Start with the indicator at the 12 o'clock position and turn the engine 360 degrees (one full turn). Mark the locations where the reading is highest and lowest. These readings may cover a large area but will help determine which direction to move the housing to correct misalignment. Now put the indicator in the center of the area of the LOWEST reading and ZERO the indicator (for example, if the lowest reading was between 7 and 9 o'clock you would put the indicator at 8:00. Now rotate the engine until you get the highest plus or positive reading – in this example it should be somewhere near 2:00. If the reading is .014" you would need to move the housing towards 2:00 by .007". If it were .020" you would move it .010". After the initial learning curve you will understand how this process works. Remember that all readings are divided by two. This can be a frustrating process. Have some patience and use a notepad to record your measurements, not the face of the bell housing as it will get full of measurements quickly. After your dowel pins are in you can turn them as needed to get the required alignment.
To install offset dowel pins, first remove the stock dowel pins by driving them through from the back with a brass drift or by using gripper pliers – sometimes this can difficult to do, especially with the engine still installed in the car. Another way to remove the dowels is to remove stock dowels with a slide hammer. To do this try using a 1/4"-28 attachment on the slide hammer. Next, drill the dowels and tap them to accept the 1/4"-28 attachment and then use the slide hammer accordingly.
Properly clean engine block dowel pin holes and lightly coat with lubricant.
4. Lubricate dowel pins and install them into engine block. The slot of the dowel pins DOES NOT indicate the direction of maximum offset. You must find the high spot on the dowel with the dial indicator and mark it so the dowels can be installed parallel to one another.
5. Install bellhousing and torque bolts to specification. Re-mount the dial indicator and recheck runout by repeating step #3. Small corrections can be made by loosening the bellhousing bolts and turning the dowels with a screwdriver to bring the bellhousing within limits.
Before installing your transmission, make sure that the shifter can be moved into all gears properly and that the transmission can be turned freely by turning the input shaft with your hand. It is possible that the shift forks could have been knocked out of alignment during shipping. This is very rare but important to check and easily correctable.
Plugs, Wires, and Adapters
• The two brass studs on the driver's side of the transmission case are the leads for the reverse light switch. Your kit includes a convenient plug-in pigtail connector available for an easy connection to your existing reverse light switch wires.
• The wires & plug located at the tailshaft on the driver's side is the neutral safety switch harness. If you choose to not use a neutral safety feature you can: a) tie off the harness with a zip tie; b) cut the wires at the base of the switch – the switch itself will act as a plug; c) remove the harness and replace it with a brass plug. Alternatively you can make the switch functional by tying it into the starter motor and/or clutch pedal.
• The black sensor/plug on the passenger side is the electric speedometer sensor. If you are using an electric speedometer we have a convenient pig tail connector.
• The rubber plug on the lower, driver's side of the tailshaft is the mechanical speedometer adapter location. To install your speedometer cable and adapter, remove the rubber plug, insert the adapter, and secure with the ¼"x 20 x 12 coarse thread screw that is provided with your speedometer cable/adapter. Do not overly tighten this bolt. Make sure to apply grease to the inside of the gear where it slips on to the adapter.
If you plan to use the electric speedometer pick-up instead of a speedometer cable, it is important that you properly plug and seal the mechanical speedometer adapter hole. Included in our electric speedometer kit is a plug, bolt and lock washer specifically for this. You can also find this plug at your local Ford dealer (part #F2UZ7H183A).
• There is a rubber, protective "donut" on the output shaft that needs to be removed before you can install your slip yoke. Be careful not to damage the rear seal when removing this piece.
Other Useful Information
• You will notice a part number of 3550 on the outside of your shipping box as well as on the metal ID tag that is bolted to your transmission case. This number identifies that your TKO is from Tremec's 3550/TKO family of transmissions. You will also notice your specific Tremec TKO500 or TKO600 model # on the metal ID tag. Part #TCET5009 = TKO600 (.64 5th); TCET4618 = TKO600 (.82 5th); TCET4616 = TKO500. Please make sure that this tag identifies the transmission that you ordered.
• You should check all threads on all threaded holes and bolts before you begin your installation.
• When bolting shift handle to shifter stub, torque to 25 ft-lbs and use moderate strength thread lock.
• If you are installing your transmission and engine as a unit, consider removing your transmission crossmember. This should give you a better angle when using your engine hoist. Also, having your car high on jack stands will help to give you a better installation angle.
• If you are converting from an automatic and you need to cut a hole in your tunnel to accommodate the shifter turret, consider using a 4" hole saw for a clean installation.
• For the transmission-to-bellhousing bolts, Tremec recommends tightening these bolts to 60-80 ft-lb. Because it is difficult to tighten a traditional hex head bolt in the upper, right mounting location, using an allen head bolt is a good solution. The bolt size for these mounting locations is: 1 ½" X ½" X 13 (coarse thread).
• The transmission mount-to-transmission case bolts require using 10mm coarse thread bolts.
• Before installing your new transmission it is advisable to test fit the clutch disc on the input shaft of the transmission for smooth operation. This will insure that there will be no problem inserting the input shaft during transmission installation. When installing transmission to bellhousing, if engagement is difficult or you find resistance in the transmission seating all the way in, it may be a clutch alignment or a pilot bushing/bearing problem. DO NOT force the transmission into the bellhousing using the transmission bolts. This can cause damage to the clutch disc or pilot bearing/bushing and may even break the transmission housing. Attach the clutch linkage and depress the clutch pedal slowly while sliding the transmission forward. This will help to align clutch disc with the input shaft and pilot bearing. Next, tighten bolts to 60-80 ft-lbs. If you find that there is resistance within the last ½" or so of installation, it may be that the bronze pilot bushing or steel needle bearing was damaged when it was installed. Use care and the correct tools to install a pilot bushing or bearing. Caution: At NO TIME should the transmission be allowed to hang in the bellhousing without being seated all the way in with at least one bolt in hand tight to ensure it does not slide out. Allowing this to happen can result in serious damage. Have an assistant hold the transmission in place while the clutch pedal is being depressed to correct alignment and properly seat the transmission.
• When using a Chevy roller pilot bearing, make sure that the "sealed" side of the bearing is facing towards the transmission. Pontiac pilot bearings do not have a "sealed" side and can be installed with either side facing the transmission.
Torque Specifications*
• Flywheel bolts; 7/16" fine (grade 8): 60 - 65 lbs.
• Flywheel bolts; 1/2" fine (grade 8): 70 - 75 lbs
• Pressure plate; 3/8 coarse (grade 8): 35 - 40 lbs.
• Bell housing to engine block; 3/8" coarse (grade 5 or higher): 35 lbs.
• Transmission case to stock GM bellhousing; 1/2" coarse (grade 5 or higher): 65-70 lbs.
• Transmission case to steel scattershield; 1/2" coarse (grade 5 or higher): 70-75 lbs.
*Unless otherwise specified by the fastener or hardware manufacturer.
Break-in and Maintenance
• Caution: There is no oil in your transmission - your transmission is shipped dry. To properly break in your transmission, first fill case with appropriate transmission fluid – approximately 5.28 pints. Fill through filler plug located on the passenger side of the transmission. Use GM Syncromesh part #12345349. In normal use cases a "fill for life" should be adequate. You can buy GM Snycromesh at any Chevrolet dealership. For severe use situations regular fluid changes should be prescribed.
• For break-in purposes, with the car on jack stands, start the car and run through all of the gears for 15 minutes. Be careful not to only shift into reverse while at idle. Drive responsibly for the first 500 miles to allow the transmission and clutch to properly break-in. It is not necessary to drain and refill your transmission after the 500 mile break-in period.
We hope you have found this information useful. Feel free to contact Classic Chevy 5-Speed if you have questions about your project.
The Classic Chevy 5-Speed Team
Contributing writers:
Jim Goodlad, Classic Chevy 5-Speed
Jeff Mortenson, Classic Chevy 5-Speed
Scott Lindquist, Classic Chevy 5-Speed
Kyle Forster, Tremec Corporation
Jim Averill, Tremec Corporation
Red Roberts, McLeod Industries
Jeff Gilroy, Inland Empire Driveline
Jody Haag, Jody's Transmissions
Wally Knight, Muncie4speed.com
These installation notes are a collection of information gathered from the sources listed above as well as from individuals and professional mechanics who have installed these transmissions into various cars. To the best of Classic Chevy 5-Speed's knowledge, this information is accurate; however it is in no way guaranteed. Further, these notes are provided to help you plan your transmission installation and are to be used as guidelines only. Every car is unique and will represent unique challenges. If your car is not stock, the above guidelines may not apply to your situation. You need to take responsibility for your own installation. When installing your transmission, be sure to follow proper torque & alignment specifications. Also, it is important to follow proper break-in procedures. The contributors to this article are not responsible, in any way, for any damage, financial or otherwise, to you or your vehicle.
Last edited by Hurst - Jeff; 11-29-2006 at 10:01 PM.Jeff Mortenson
01-28-2006 #2