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Department of Endocrinology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Bahrain
Received date: November 08, 2018, Accepted date: January, 16, 2019, Published date: January 25, 2019
Citation: Taha HR, Albasri EE, Alyusuf E, Khamdan F (2019) Diagnosis of Cushing's disease in an adolescent male: A case report. Endocrinol Metab Vol.3 .No.1:113.
Copyright: © 2019 Taha HR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a rare endocrine disorder caused by prolonged exposure to an excessive amount of glucocorticoids. Identifying the cause begins with determining whether hypercortisolism is adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-dependent (from the pituitary or ectopic sources) or ACTH-independent (from an adrenal source). Cushing's disease (CD) is the most common cause of endogenous CS and it represents a rare cause of short stature in children and adolescents. The diagnosis of CS is often challenging because most of the symptoms and signs are nonspecific. These symptoms are common in individuals who do not have hypercortisolism (e.g., patients with diabetes, hypertension, or weight gain). Instead, various dermatological manifestations (such as purple striae, easy bruising, and skin atrophy) are more specific to CS. Here, we report a case of a 17-year-old male who presented with progressive weight gain, and dermatological findings consisting of multiple purple striae 1 year prior to referral to our clinic from the dermatology clinic. He had typical features of CS, which were missed by his primary physician.
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone; Cortisol; Cushing's syndrome; Hyperpigmentation; Striae; Bruise
CS: Cushing's syndrome; CD: Cushing's disease; ACTH: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone; IPSS: Inferior petrosal sinus sampling; BMI: Body mass index; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; SIADH: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Endogenous CS results from either ACTH-dependent or ACTHindependent causes. CD which results from the autonomous secretion of ACTH by a corticotroph adenoma of the pituitary gland is the cause of CS in more than two-thirds of patients [1].
CD presents more frequently in women compared to men and it more often occurs between the ages of 20 and 40 (except for prepubertal children for whom CD predominates in boys) [2].
Common nonspecific features of CS include obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and menstrual irregularities. Moreover, truncal obesity, ecchymoses, plethora, wide purple striae, proximal muscle weakness, and osteoporosis are useful discriminant indices for CS [3]. Growth failure and weight gain are frequently observed in pediatric patients suffering from ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism, while in ACTH-independent CS, the secretion of adrenal androgens may lead to an acceleration of bone aging and eventually compromise growth potential [4]. Early diagnosis and successful treatment of CS avoid the stunted linear growth associated with prolonged childhood disease.
The diagnosis of CD is based on biochemical testing, and the disease is defined by excess levels of glucocorticoids. The initial test includes assessing overnight dexamethasone suppression, 24-hour urine-free cortisol (UFC), and late-night salivary cortisol. All three tests have similar diagnostic utility. The 24-hour UFC and salivary cortisol tests should be performed at least twice to ensure the reproducibility of results [3].
Once ACTH-dependent CS is confirmed biochemically, a pituitary MRI is typically obtained. If no pituitary tumor or a tumor less than 6 mm is visualized, an inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is recommended before exploratory pituitary surgery.
Trans-sphenoidal selective adenomectomy is the most widely accepted primary therapy for pituitary-dependent CD. When performed by a specialist neurosurgeon, long-term remission rates up to 70% can be achieved [4]. Ultimately, the successful treatment of CD is associated with normal long-term survival [5].
The patient was a 17-year-old male, who presented at the local health center with skin discoloration over his lower abdomen and upper arms. He had noticed an increase in body weight over the previous 6 months, which was associated with generalized weakness. He was reassured by his primary care physician that the skin discoloration was stretch marks secondary to his increase in weight.
After 6 months, he returned to his primary care physician complaining of back pain, generalized bone pain, additional weight gain, and further skin discoloration. He was then referred to the dermatology clinic for assessment (Figures 1 and 2).
The patient was seen in the dermatology clinic 6 months later and he was urgently referred to the endocrine clinic to rule out CS because he displayed extensive multiple wide purple skin striae. He was immediately seen in the endocrine clinic, and upon physical examination, he weighed 62 kg (50th centile) (compared to 50 kg 1 year before). At a height of 157 cm, his final estimated target height was 166 cm (~25th centile). With a BMI of 25.2, he was plethoric with a round face, dorsocervical and supraclavicular fat pads, truncal obesity, and extensive purplish wide skin striae over his lower abdomen, arms, and thighs (Figure 3). His blood pressure was normal. He displayed signs of puberty, and his bone age was consistent with his chronological age. His clinical history did not include the use of glucocorticoids, and no family history of endocrine diseases was reported.
There was a marked increase of urinary free cortisol combined with non-suppressible serum cortisol after a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and a detectable ACTH value, which confirmed a diagnosis of ACTH-dependent CS.
Hormonal laboratory evaluations were as follows:
8 AM cortisol: 904 nmol/L
24 hr urine cortisol values: 642 nmol/d, 853 nmol/d (normal is less than 152 nmol/d)
Cortisol level after a 1-mg dexamthasone suppression test: 369 nmol/L (normal <50 nmol/L)
ACTH: 11.1 pmol/L
The patient also displayed mild polycythemia (hematocrit 52.9%) and dyslipidemia (Table 1). MRI of the pituitary was normal, and we proceeded for a CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis to rule out an ectopic source of hypercortisolism, which was negative.
Table 1: Biological parameters.
|Normal range
|8AM cortisol
|904 nmol/L
|193-690 nmol/L
|24H U Cortisol 1
|642 nmol/d
|13.8-152 nmol/d
|24H U Cortisol 2
|853 nmol/d
|13.8-152 nmol/d
|369 nmol/L
|<50 nmol/L
|11.1 pmol/L
|<10 pmol/L
|16.4 g/dL
|144 x 10^9/L
|Thyroid stimulating hormone
|2.88 mIU/L
|Thyroxine (T4) free
|21.7 pmoI/L
|8.64 mmol/L
|11.44 ng/mL
|5.3 mmol/L
|92 mcmol/L
|142 mmol/L
|4 mmol/L
|4.1 mmol/L
|5.9 mmol/L
|3.76 mmol/L
|0.8 mmol/L
Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling was performed, which showed that the pituitary was the source of the CS. The interpetrosal sinus ACTH gradient indicated lateralization of ACTH secretion to the right side. The patient underwent transsphenoidal surgery with selective microadenomectomy. The post-surgical histopathology analysis revealed abnormal pituitary tissue with ACTH expression in tumor areas. Postoperative levels of cortisol were low (27.9 μg/dL), but this returned to normal levels after 2 weeks. The patient did not develop any signs of diabetes insipidus or SIADH. The patient was discharged and advised to follow up with his endocrinologist. He was also given information regarding the signs and symptoms of hypocortisolism.
Three weeks after surgery, the patient's mother called to report that he was complaining of fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. Laboratory reports were obtained, but the results were all within normal ranges. The patient's parents were reassured that his symptoms were most likely related to cortisol withdrawal.
The patient was reviewed in the endocrinology clinic several times for his follow-up appointments. By six months after surgery, he had lost 10 kg, his skin striae were fading, and his face was thinner. His dorsocervical and supraclavicular fat pads were completely resolved (Figure 4). He denied fatigue or dizziness. Biochemical evaluation did not show any deficiency in terms of pituitary function. Patient's laboratory test results are presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Patient's laboratory test results
|Normal range
|4.1 pmol/L
|<10 pmol/L
|8AM Cortisol
|277 nmol/L
|193-690 nmol/L
|24H U Cortisol
|13.4 nmol/d
|13.8-152 nmol/d
|12.8 g/dL
|256 x 10 ^ 9/L
|Thyroid stimulating hormone
|2.36 mIU/L
|Thyroxine (T4) free
|13 pmoI/L
|11.11 mmol/L
|10.16 ng/mL
|4.4 mmol/L
|3.9 mmol/L
|2.4 mmol/L
|1 mmol/L
The Patient underwent successful surgery and achieved remission from CD. He will be monitored throughout his life for possible recurrence of the disease [6-9].
CD is the most common cause of endogenous CS. Pediatric CD accounts for approximately 75–80% of all pediatric CS cases [10]. By comparison, 49–71% of adult CS cases are caused by CD [10].
Although CD predominates in female adults, studies show that pre-pubertal boys are affected more frequently than girls [3]. As children approach puberty, the sex distribution of CD equalizes, and the trend is reversed with female being more commonly affected during adulthood. The explanation for this is unclear but is perhaps due to the estrogenic milieu during puberty in females [2].
Diagnosis of CS is challenging, and it is often delayed because most of the signs and symptoms are nonspecific, commonly affecting the general population [3]. The most common presentation of CS in children is growth retardation and weight gain [13]. Thus, CS should always be considered during the evaluation of short stature in children. Bone age in children and adolescents with CS is consistent with chronological age in 81% of cases, but it is accelerated in 8% and delayed in 11%, correlating with early and delayed sexual development, respectively [11]. In the present case, the patient had already reached his adult height before diagnosis, so he did not display a short stature [12,13].
Hypercortisolism can cause alterations in body composition with an increase in visceral adiposity and decreased bone mass [14]. The most important clinical feature observed in our patient was weight gain, purple striae, and fatigue, which led to a decrease in his tolerability for playing sports. However, muscle weakness was not present at the physical examination. In fact, this sign (which has high specificity in adult patients) may be less common in pediatric and adolescent patients [11].
Several striking features of CS (such as central obesity, moon facies, dorsocervical supraclavicular fat pads, and abdominal striae) can be more discriminatory. These features are seen in about half of patients with cortisol overproduction [12], and these were all observed in our patient upon physical examination [15].
The presence of purple (violaceous) striae >1 cm in diameter is substantially pathognomonic for CS. These striae are most commonly seen on the abdomen and lower flanks, but they can also occur on the shoulders, upper arms, axillae, breasts, buttocks, and upper thighs. In children with CD, the skin is affected at multiple sites; however, the severity of the manifestations does not correlate with biochemical indices of the disease. With the exception of striae, cutaneous effects of endogenous hypercortisolism completely heal within the first year after surgical intervention for the disease [7,16]. In the present case, the patient presented with extensive typical wide purple striae, which were gradually fading following his surgery for CD, but this was not completely resolved at the time of writing.
It is important to diagnose CS early because it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Delays of a median of 2 years in diagnosing CS have been reported according to recent studies [6]. In fact, before reaching the correct diagnosis of CS, general practitioners were consulted 76% of the time, endocrinologists 25% of the time, gynecologists 24% of the time, rheumatologists 11% of the time, and dermatologists 8% of the time [6]. It is important to specifically train family physicians and general practitioners to look for rare diseases or symptoms that are not age-appropriate, such as typical striae, a buffalo hump, proximal muscle weakness, plethora, and signs of osteoporosis in patients with weight gain. Early referral of these patients to an endocrinologist will facilitate their diagnosis and treatment.
A reasonable approach for confirming the existence of inappropriate cortisol secretion is based on urinary free cortisol, midnight serum, salivary cortisol levels, or serum cortisol levels after a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test [17].
In our patient, first-line tests confirmed inappropriate cortisol secretion, and ACTH levels were suggestive of ACTH-dependent CS. While a "detectable" ACTH value (>2.22 pmol/L) in adult patients is suggestive of an ACTH-dependent CS, a cut-off value of 6.44 pmol/L in children has been reported to have a sensitivity of 70% for identifying an ACTH-dependent form of CS (15). In our case, an ACTH value of 11.1 pmol/L was clearly suggestive of ACTH-dependent CS. MRI is the test of choice for diagnosing CD. However, ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas are usually hypodense on MRI and often fail to enhance with gadolinium contrast. Furthermore, in as many as 50% of cases, they do not exceed a diameter of 5 mm [1]. Dynamic contrastenhanced pituitary MRI may detect only 50–60% of ACTHproducing pituitary adenomas, possibly because corticotroph adenomas tend to be microadenomas with signal and enhancing characteristics similar to normal pituitary tissue [18,19]. Colombo et al. reported that the accuracy of MRI in detecting corticotropin-secreting microadenomas as small as 2 to 3 mm is 65–75% [20]. Successful treatment of ACTH-secreting adenomas requires accurate diagnosis and exact localization. IPSS, which is considered the gold standard technique for a differential diagnosis of ectopic ACTH syndrome and CD, should be performed in cases in which pituitary adenomas cannot be determined using imaging techniques [18]. The diagnostic accuracy of BIPSS sampling can reach up to 100% if performed in experienced centers [18]. IPSS sampling is also recommended to increase diagnostic accuracy in cases where dynamic test results are uncertain. Ectopic ACTH syndrome cannot be ruled out, and the adenoma diameter is <5 mm on a pituitary MRI [19]. In the present case, CD was diagnosed using BIPSS because the patient's imaging studies were all negative. There was a clear central-to-peripheral gradient and a right-to-left gradient, indicating a right ACTH-secreting microadenoma.
Successful surgery requires precise localization of the adenoma because the majority of lesions are small and pituitary imaging studies fail to visualize an adenoma in up to 50% of cases of documented CD [11].
IPSS can be used to guide the initial pituitary gland exploration if the MRI is negative, but if an adenoma is not discovered, the entire pituitary gland must be thoroughly explored. The studies demonstrate that 31% of patients would likely harbor an untreated ACTH-secreting adenoma within the remaining gland if it were left unexplored [9].
Transsphenoidal surgery with selective microadenomectomy is now the first-line treatment for both adult and pediatric CD [17]. In most specialized centers with experienced neurosurgeons, the success rate of the first TSS is 90% or higher [18]. The aim of the procedure is selective removal of the microadenoma while preserving normal pituitary tissue. This is essential for the future development of the pediatric patient [20].
Treatment failures are most commonly the result of a macroadenoma or a small tumor invading the cavernous sinus. Postoperative complications include transient diabetes insipidus and, occasionally, syndromes associated with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, central hypothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadism, bleeding, meningitis, and pituitary apoplexy. The mortality rate is extremely low at less than 1% [18]. In our patient, a hypophyseal adenomectomy was performed via TSS. No complications related to other pituitary hormones developed during the postoperative period. Flu-like symptoms (malaise, joint pain, anorexia, and nausea) during the post-operative months indicated remission, as some of these symptoms have been related to high levels of circulating interleukin-6 [8].
Although rare during childhood and adolescence, CS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients presenting with signs of obesity.
The authors have no ethical conflicts to disclose. The patient's parents have given their informed consent, including the use of the photographs.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. No funding support was obtained for this work.


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Deloitte studied how new developments might affect the economy, business, and the workforce—and what chief executives can do in response.
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Mild economic case
What if the pandemic eases sooner than some experts anticipate? What if effective public measures combine with faster testing to contain the virus and lead us out of the crisis phase in the next few months? Small- and medium-sized businesses will surely be hurt, and the economic impact can't help but be sizable. But something like "normal" returns, even if it's not the same as before.
More business and social activities have moved online—and are staying there. Perhaps there's growing respect for public institutions and medical expertise, and a new appreciation for reliable information when lives are on the line. And as we come out of our homes so that life on the street returns, the new appreciation for our friends and neighbors, and even the loss of some treasured local shops, remind us not to take those things for granted.
- Relatively constrained disease dynamic and effective health system response
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- Virus spreads rapidly in European Union and United States
- Warmer weather in summer helps to limit the outbreak
- Revival of virus in autumn is dealt with through testing and tracking rather than shutting down the economy
- Overall, stifled human movement limits spread of virus
Society, technology, policy, and environment
- Increased social cohesion emerging from periods of quarantine
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- Economic activity rebounds in late 2020 as the virus dissipates; recovery initially is slow but speeds up in second half of 2021 as consumers become more confident
- Dramatic change in behavior and public policy
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Harsh economic case
What if the pandemic lasts longer than we're ready for, with waves of infection continuing through summer, maybe into the fall, keeping us in crisis mode for months? A prolonged recession with weak supply and weak demand, combined with financial system shocks, wreaks havoc on social and economic life. But maybe not all countries suffer to the same degree. Those which faced the pandemic sooner and reacted more aggressively bounce back faster, while those slower or less consistent in their responses are hurt more deeply and for longer. Before long, virtual life is real life in many places.
- Outbreak in China mostly contained, but some revival due to inbound travel
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Society, technology, policy, and environment
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2020 vision can be myopic
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Vaccination of animals in the Visakha Agency might not have been done during the last many years leading to the spurt in cutaneous anthrax cases in the region, felt a senior dermatologist who has deeply studied the cases when anthrax cases were reported in large numbers during 2004.
"Vaccination of animals in the area from where the anthrax cases are reported is necessary to prevent the recurrence of cutaneous anthrax. Vaccination should be done at least once in two years covering all animals," former HoD of Dermatology of King George Hospital and Andhra Medical College, G. Raghurama Rao, said after 35 suspected cutaneous anthrax cases were reported from Hukumpeta and G. Madugula mandals of Visakha Agency during last week. The cutaneous anthrax spores are in the soil and live for a long time in a dormant stage, even for decades, and enter an animal's body while it is grazing or breathing. Humans contract cutaneous anthrax while eating uncooked meat or through cuts and abrasions in their hands while they cut the animal. Cutaneous anthrax is not life-threatening.
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Meanwhile, the 16 patients at KGH are recovering while results of tests done on all the 35 are awaited, Superintendent M. Madhusudhana Babu said.
"Should be
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Vijayawada: The election process of local bodies in Andhra Pradesh has been postponed. The state election commission has decided to postpone the elections of local bodies in AP in the wake of the central declaration of coronavirus as a national catastrophe. State Elections Commissioner Ramesh Kumar has announced the postponement of local bodies elections in AP for six weeks. He said that the election process was up to date and only the postponed elections were postponed. After a high-level review, the decision was taken. It is clear that those who are unanimously elected as JudgeTC and MPTC will continue. Those who are unanimously elected will take charge with those who win the election. The election process continues as usual.
Discontinuation only .. not termination
Ramesh Kumar made it clear that this election process was only a halt and not a repeal. Elections will be held after six weeks. Once the adjournment is over, the review will be conducted and the schedule of panchayats will be announced. The nominees do not want to be intimidated. He warned that strict action would be taken to do so. There is a need to set up a separate cell for complaints. He said there were already many complaints from village volunteers and that personal and health care of employees was important. All the schools and malls in Karnataka and Telangana have already been closed and they have decided to postpone the emergency review.
The state election commission has the rights of the central election commission in extreme cases. The announcement of the schedule for the panchayat elections has been postponed, with several parties and social groups saying that the coronavirus will be affected. Recall that Prime Minister Narendra Modi referred to the corona effect as a notified disaster, saying it had conducted a full investigation into the corona effect. The use of ballot paper would mean more time for the vote, and would stay in the queue for a long time. The ballot paper said the coronavirus was at risk and that the election process was halted for six weeks under non-duty conditions. (Unanimous load ..


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Gigabyte Kaby Lake i5 BRIX S Barebone Mini PC Kit with 2.5" SATA Bay GB-BKi5HA-7200
The Perfect Fit for Any Space
Challenging the essence of how we define a desktop PC, GIGABYTE engineers have developed an ultra compact PC with a brushed aluminium surface chassis design. Ideal for a broad range of computing applications at home or in the office, the BRIX expounds sheer simplicity and convenience. With a broad choice of processors covering the entire performance spectrum, the BRIX sets a new standard for desktop miniaturization that makes it perfect as a discreet HTPC/multimedia hub, an ultra-low power PC for the family, an office PC or as a digital signage unit.
Intel® 7th Generation Core™ Processors
The new BRIX barebones raise the bar once again with the new Intel® 7th Gen Core™ processor family-delivering more responsive performance than ever before. This 7th Gen Core processor utilizes a power efficient microarchitecture, advanced process technology, and silicon optimizations to deliver faster performance than previous generation processors.
Graphics that Captivate
Intel® HD Graphics deliver 10% more performance than its predecessor. With the new media engine users are able to, watch, create, edit, share and game all with captivating visuals. This media engine offers HEVC 10-bit hardware acceleration which improves upon the 4K viewing and content creation performance significantly versus previous generation processors. The BRIX now has the ability to drive premium content up to 4K UHD, so users can enjoy amazing and vibrant multimedia experiences on compatible displays.
Fast USB 3.1 Solution
The latest USB 3.1 offers a staggering 10Gb/s transfer speed, 2x faster than USB 3.0 and backward compatibility with existing USB devices.
Connecting the Future: Reversible USB 3.1 Type-C™ The World's Next Universal Connector
The USB Type-C™ is a new reversible connector that is loaded with useful features such as USB 3.1 support for 10 Gb/s transfer speed.
Network Connectivity
GIGABYTE BRIX™ also includes a M.2 module offering IEEE 802.11ac Wi-Fi and the latest Bluetooth 4.2, providing connectivity for low power Bluetooth devices and peripherals, as well as allowing users to easily connect mobile devices.
SuperSpeed 4K HD Entertainment
Supporting the Newest Standards in Multimedia
GIGABYTE ensures users won't be limited by the standards or connections on the BRIX, by including HDMI 2.0 and support for HDCP 2.2* users can rest assured that their device will be able to display content to its full potential. The BRIX supports native resolutions of 4K at 60Hz, presenting unrivalled visual clarity and stunning realism to owners of UHD displays.
* HDMI port support HDMI 2.0 and HDCP 2.2.
Multi-display productivity with HDMI 2.0 & DisplayPort++
BRIX supports up to three independent displays through HDMI 2.0 and a DisplayPort ++ without the need for an additional graphics card. Support for three display is only possible with daisy-chain connections through Display Port++.
Enjoy Always Available Responsiveness with Intel® Ready Mode Technology
Now there's no waiting to resume activity on your PC. With Intel® Ready Mode Technology, your PC resumes to fully functional in an instant. It works by providing an alternative to traditional sleep-a quiet, low power state similar to the kind used by your cell phone and tablet.
With Intel® Ready Mode Technology You Can:
Access Your Digital Files From Anywhere, Anytime
Get remote access to your PC through applications on your phone and tablet to download photos, video, large files and more, no matter where you are.
Get Help From Your Digital Assistant Just by Asking
An always available PC complements Microsoft Windows® 10 enabled experiences Cortana*. When you need Cortana*, all you have to do is say "Hey Cortana," and your digital assistant is instantly at your service.
Keep Everything Up-to-Date With Automatic Syncing
Set your Intel® Ready Mode Technology - equipped PC to sync and store photos and files across devices automatically when you arrive at home or the office. And application updates? They're automatic too, which means you'll always work with the latest versions of your favourite tools.
VESA Support
Bundled with a VESA bracket, the GIGABYTE BRIX™ can easily be mounted behind a monitor or HDTV, offering a simple and effective way to turn any VESA-compliant display or TV into a full-featured PC or digital signage unit.
2.5" Hard Drive Support
Utilizing SATA III 6 Gb/s high speed data transfer technology, the GIGABYTE BRIXs supports the installation of one 2.5" SATA 6Gbps HDD or Solid State Drive (SSD) and one M.2 2280 SSD module. This allows for optimized storage configurations which combine fast M.2 performance with larger capacity 2.5" hard drive.
Ideal as for:
- The Perfect Compact Home PC: Living room, Bedroom, Kitchen, Study.
- Vertical Markets: School, University computer labs, Libraries, Hospital / Medical equipment, Governmental.
- An Ultimate Graphics Powerhouse: Play the latest 3D games, Multimedia production, Video editing, 3D design.
- Powerful Commercial Applications: Factory testing machine, Bank ATM system, Gaming equipment, Vending machine, Security system.
- At the Office: Meeting room device, Workstation, Studio, Freelance office space.
- Simpler and Smarter Digital Life: Shopping mall signboard, Split-flap display, Scoreboard system, Indoor / Outdoor LED Display.
Please note: This product is a barebone kit. RAM Memory, Storage Drive & Operating System are not included but available separately. These are required to complete this kit in order to make a full system.
- Features Latest Intel® 7th generation Core Processors.
- Ultra compact PC design at only 0.6L (46.8 x 112.6 x 119.4mm).
- Supports 2.5" HDD/SSD, 7.0/9.5 mm thick (1 x 6 Gbps SATA 3).
- 1x M.2 SSD (2280) slot.
- 2x SO-DIMM DDR4 slot (2133 MHz).
- Intel® IEEE 802.11 ac ,Dual Band Wi-Fi & Bluetooth 4.2 NGFF M.2 card.
- Intel® HD Graphics 620.
- 2x USB3.1 (1* USB Type-C™).
- 2x USB 3.0.
- HDMI plus Mini DisplayPort Outputs (Supports dual displays).
- Intel Gigabit LAN.
- Headphone/Microphone Jack.
- VESA mounting Bracket (75 x 75mm + 100 x 100mm).
Technical Specification
- Dimension- 46.8 mm x 112.6 mm x 119.4 mm (1.84" x 4.43" x 4.7")
- Motherboard Size- 105 x 110 mm
- Intel® Core™ i5-7200U 2.5GHz / 3.1GHz
- Memory- 2 x SO-DIMM DDR4 slots 2133MHz Max. 32GB
- LAN- Gigabit LAN (Intel i219LM)
- Audio- Realtek ALC255
- Graphics- Intel® HD Graphics 620
- HDMI Resolution (Max.)- 3840 x 2160 @ 60Hz (HDMI 2.0 and HDCP 2.2 )
- Mini DP Resolution (Max.)- 3840 x 2160 @ 60Hz
- Expansion Slots- 1 x M.2 slot (2280_storage) PCIe /SATA 1 x PCIe M.2 NGFF 2230 A-E key slot occupied by the WiFi+BT card
- Front I/O- 1 x USB 3.1 type C 1 x USB3.1 1 x head phone jack with MIC
- Rear I/O- 1 x HDMI (2.0) 1 x Mini DisplayPort (1.2) 2 x USB 3.0 1 x RJ45 1 x DC-In 1 x Kensington lock slot
- Power Supply- Input: AC 100-240V Output: DC 19V 3.42A
- VESA- Bracket included Supports 75 x 75 and 100 x 100 mm
- Wifi Card- Intel® Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168
- USB3.1- Asmedia
- Storage- Supports 2.5" HDD/SSD, 7.0/9.5 mm thick (1 x 6 Gbps SATA 3)
- Support OS- WIN10 64bit
- Environment- System Environment Operating Temperature: 0°C to +35°C System Storage Temperature: -20°C to +60°C
Technical Specification
Gigabyte Kaby Lake i5 BRIX S Barebone Mini PC Kit with 2.5" SATA Bay GB-BKi5HA-7200
Expansion / Connectivity
|1 M.2 Card - 2230 ¦ 2 (total) / 2 (free) x SO-DIMM 260-pin ¦ 1 (total) / 1 (free) x M.2 Card - 2280
|2 x USB 3.0 ¦ 1 x HDMI ¦ 1 x Mini DisplayPort ¦ 1 x LAN (Gigabit Ethernet) ¦ 1 x headphones/microphone - mini-jack (1 in front) ¦ 1 x USB 3.1 (1 in front) ¦ 1 x USB-C 3.1 (1 in front)
|1 (total) / 1 (free) x internal 2.5"
|Ethernet Controller
|Intel I219-LM
|Data Link Protocol
|Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet
|Mounting Interface
|100 x 100 mm, 75 x 75 mm
|Included Accessories
|VESA wallmount adapter
|Theft/Intrusion Protection
|Security lock slot (cable lock sold separately)
|VESA Mounting Interface
|100 x 100 mm, 75 x 75 mm
|Installed Size
|0 GB / 32 GB (max)
|Form Factor
|SO-DIMM 260-pin
|2 (Total) / 2 (empty)
|PC barebone
|Product Form Factor
|Ultra Compact PC Kit
Processor / Chipset
|Intel Core i5 (7th Gen) 7200U / 2.5 GHz
|Max Turbo Speed
|3.1 GHz
|Number of Cores
|CPU Qty
|Max CPU Qty
|Processor Main Features
|Intel Turbo Boost Technology 2
Hard Drive
|No HDD
Storage Controller
|1 x SATA
|Controller Interface Type
|SATA 6Gb/s
|Channel Qty
Optical Storage
|No optical drive
|Monitor Type
Graphics Controller
|Graphics Processor
|Intel HD Graphics 620
|Video Interfaces
|HDMI, DisplayPort
|Max Monitors Supported
Audio Output
|Sound Output Mode
|Device Type
|Power adapter
|Nominal Voltage
Operating System / Software
|OS Provided
|No operating system
Dimensions & Weight
|11.26 cm
|11.94 cm
|4.68 cm
Environmental Parameters
|Min Operating Temperature
|Max Operating Temperature
Product Reviews
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Gigabyte Kaby Lake i5 BRIX S Barebone Mini PC Kit with 2.5" SATA Bay GB-BKi5HA-7200
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Product Discussion
Gigabyte Kaby Lake i5 BRIX S Barebone Mini PC Kit with 2.5" SATA Bay GB-BKi5HA-7200
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345 posts
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In 2009, the University of Maine System created the Small Campus Initiative to provide Maine Economic Improvement Funds to the five smaller campuses of the University of Maine System. Funds must be used in accordance with the Statutes that govern the Maine Economic Improvement Fund. In FY2020, the University of Maine System has allocated approximately $559,500 to support the Small Campus Initiative (SCI).
Forms and Other Information
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- Science and Technology Action Plan for Maine
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The extension on the expiration of Massachusetts vehicle registrations and inspection stickers expires on Friday, July 31.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Governor Charlie Baker issued an order in March that extended the expiration date of all vehicle registrations and inspection stickers. Those that were due to expire in March, April, May or June received a new expiration date of July 31.
On August 1, vehicles without a valid vehicle registration or inspection sticker are subject to penalty.
Driving a vehicle with an expired inspection sticker in Massachusetts is subject to a fine of $50.
An expired inspection sticker violation is also a "surchargeable" event that adds "points" to a driver's Safe Driver Insurance Plan (SDIP) rating. When a driver's SDIP increases, the cost to buy insurance for that driver also increases.
Driving with an expired registration in Massachusetts can result in the vehicle being towed, a suspension of a driver's license to operate as well as fines and points added to the driver's SDIP.


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@Article{CiCP-1-765, author = {}, title = {Review Article: Multi-Valued Solution and Level Set Methods in Computational High Frequency Wave Propagation}, journal = {Communications in Computational Physics}, year = {2006}, volume = {1}, number = {5}, pages = {765--804}, abstract = {
We review the level set methods for computing multi-valued solutions to a class of nonlinear first order partial differential equations, including Hamilton-Jacobi equations, quasi-linear hyperbolic equations, and conservative transport equations with multi-valued transport speeds. The multivalued solutions are embedded as the zeros of a set of scalar functions that solve the initial value problems of a time dependent partial differential equation in an augmented space. We discuss the essential ideas behind the techniques, the coupling of these techniques to the projection of the interaction of zero level sets and a collection of applications including the computation of the semiclassical limit for Schrödinger equations and the high frequency geometrical optics limits of linear wave equations.}, issn = {1991-7120}, doi = {https://doi.org/}, url = {http://global-sci.org/intro/article_detail/cicp/7979.html} }


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i have just installed Windows 10 on my Toshiba Laptop
whenever I type anything anywhere on this computer....like here for example.....you will notice that the first letter of each sentence is NOT a capital letter
i want to turn ON Auto Capitalise First Letter and have tried many things in windows 10....in web browsers......to no avail
i have gone into settings/devices/typing to look for any capitalization settings but there are none there
please....any assistance you could give to this annoying problem of having to hold down the shift key to capitalise the first letter of every sentence....would be appreciated
Thank you for your assistance...........see the first letter T ...I held SHIFT down to get it to capitalize
I recommend downloading and running Reimage. It's a computer repair tool that has been proven to identify and fix many Windows problems with a high level of success.
I've used it in the past to identify and fix everything from blue screens (BSOD's), ActiveX errors, corrupt files and processes, dll/exe/sys errors, recover lost memory, Windows update problems, defragging, malware removal etc.
You can download it direct from this link http://downloadreimage.com/download.php. (This link will automatically start a download of Reimage that you can save to your computer.)
Are you wanting to change every word, or just the sentence?Read other 1 answers
i like that Microsoft Word 2003 auto-corrects the first letter of a sentence after a period. However, i want it to stop making that same auto-correction after a bullet, in a list. I went to the auto-correct options, and there are only checkboxes for "capital first letter of sentences" and "capital first letter of table cells". there is no option for "bullets."
there is an "exceptions" box where you can tell Word not to capitalize the first word after whatever you want, but i dont know what to input to make it know im talking about symbols in a list.
any help, please!
Read other 7 answers
After last "patch-tuesday" my Windows 8.1 don't assign drive letters to hotswaped HDD's and USB keys.
When starting my backupdrive (eSATA), it is now without a drive letter, I can give it one though in disk-management, but before last tuesday, it was given a letter automatic. Same problem when I connect an USB-HDD or an USB-stick.
Is there a way to get back "autoassign of a drive letter"? (don't know the correct word for this function in English).
Open Command Prompt in Administrator mode (right click on Start button for a shortcut)Type "diskpart" to enter Microsoft DiskPartAt the DiskPart prompt, type: "automount enable"Read other 4 answers
I am helping a friend who has recently updated her Win 10 laptop and did the Win 10 upgrade to her Win 8.1 Surface Pro. She now finds that when using the "Mail" tile for email neither her Yahoo or gmail account provides the usual auto fill choices from her contact list for completing the name of the person for whom the email is intended. That function occurs just fine when accessing the accounts from Edge, but not from the Windows Mail tile. What have I missed in doing this setup? I use an identical HP laptop and have no such problem. Settings seem to be the same on both laptops. Suggestions appreciated.Read other answers
Dear All,
I just install al dual boot of winxp and win2003 ent. winxp is at the primary partition as C: and win2003 at 1st logical partition as d:. after installing it work fine. but after I do the windows update and patch to the most updated and reboot the system. to log into winxp it still function will but after boot into win2003 it showing error msg. it due to currently the win2003 drive letter change from the d: become c: now. so it make the system file unable to locate the correct win2003 file. because currently win2003 file already the drive letter with c: and the winxp file become d:. but the win2003 OS still keep on looking it own file at the d: path. any one here facing this kind of problem before? any way to solve it or change the win2003 file drive letter to become d: again? thank you
Right click on My Computer on your desktop and choose manage, in the new screen that pops up choose for Disk Management and richt click on the disk you want to change the drive letter from, first change it to something like E so the C is empty. Then change the D to C and E to D again!
Good Luck!
Whenever I hit a 'key' by mistake on the halo keyboard when I'm on the homescreen I automatically get promtped with the google app's search and it's incredibly frustrating since if I thouch the keyboard by mistake then I have to close it every single time. It wouldn't be a problem if it weren't for the fact that there is literally a key with a search icon dedicated for launch the google search quickly instead of every single letter on your keyboard.Read other answers
Is there a way to set your computer to turn off after a certain amount of
time of inactivity?
thanks for your help.
Read other 7 answers
hi,im running windows xp home edition with sp2. To turn off my pc,i usually click on start in the taskbar,then the options to stand-by,turn off or restart appear,I then click on turn off,and the pc does the rest,it turns the pc off and the monitor. Now when i go through the process of turning it off, i do everything as described above,but instead of shutting off,it just acts as if i did nothing,i am left staring at the desktop and can just continue to use it as normal.So i have come to the conclusion that some sort of virus or something (i am doing a virus sweep as i am writting) has turned off the auto shutdown function,What i'd really love to know is can anyone tell me how i can turn this feature back on,i also forgot to add,that u cannot log off either,the same thing happens,so i would be really greatful if anyone has any suggestions at all,Thanks for your time
Read other 8 answers
Hello, I need a fast answer please. I have a Lenovo B71, and the problem is that when I shut down the laptop, it automatically starts again after 3 seconds. It only happens only when the charger is connected. Thanks in advanceRead other answers
I have a machine on my network on which I can't turn off auto updates even when logged in as either the local or global administrator. The options to turn it off are just greyed out. Its not the only restriction on that machine. When I try to view hidden files and folders through My Computer, Each time I click OK, the option reverts back to not showing hidden files and folders.
Anyone seen this before? I need to switch off auto updates so IE9 doesn't install on the PC as its not compatible with an external essential service that the user users.
How to RESET ALL USER PERMISSIONS TO DEFAULT? - Microsoft Answers
The method described there is the only one I have experience with.
I would suggest you backup files as deemed necessary beforehand.
As a comment, either someone has played around with that comps' settings OR it has malware. In the latter case, it might be smarter to just copy off, wipe, reinstall and copy back (after thorough scans of the copied files).
When I first bought my HP Pavillion several years ago I noticed that occasionally a odd symbol appeareed on the screen. It looked like two small triangles one on top of the other. I soon found out that when it was operational I could control the rate of scrolling. I never found out how to controll this gizmo but now it is driving me mad. If I happen to be looking at page 400 of a large document, it suddenly takes over and races the page to the start or end of the document. This may be handy if it is controllable but right now I would love to do something to cancell its mad operations. This forum talks about synaptics but I am loath to enter the driver in case it has nothing to do with the problem. I would appreciate some help here.Read other answers
In windows seven there is an tab called Communications that will auto turn down the volume by YZ% when you wan it to. Before I rewrote my Windows 7 system it turn down the music when I had an incoming call via Skype. Now after reinstalling my Windows 7 system even with the setting set correctly and label in the Playback and Recording listing as default communication device it still don't work not work anymore with Skype. All the posting that I come across are trying turn the feature off so it don't work. I can't find one with similar problems then me of it not working. Everything I can think of don't work so I thought I post up the issues here to see if anybody has a thoughts on how to get it to work again.
Any ideas?
Try setting the audio input device that you use with Skype as your default communications device in the recording sound control panel.Read other 3 answers
When my computer starts it says something like autontfs program not found skipping auto check. How do I turn this off?
Do you, or did you recently, have Diskeeper installed on your system?Read other 4 answers
Well now, here's a face you haven't seen in a loooonnnggggg time.
Hiya gang, been away to long....
I have a quick question I can't remember the answer to. When I bring up Power Desk or Windows Explorer, it always wants to search my CD-Rom, CD-rw and things like that, I know there is a way to stop it but can't remember.
Any help?
P.S. Love what you all have done with the place.
From Powerdesk Pro 5:
To control the drives that display in the drive bar: Go to OptionsàPreferences. Click the Drives tab.By default, all drives are checked. Uncheck the box next to the drive letter(s) you don?t want displayed. You can also use this to specify what categories of drives you want displayed. If you don?t want, say, removable drives to appear, uncheck that box.Drives that are not checked will not display in the drivebar or the tree list. This doesn?t delete the drive, or any files on it. To have the drive reappear in PowerDesk, just recheck the box.If you have a lot of network drives mapped on your system, or have really small partitions, the drivebar may cut off the last few drive letters. To display the items in the drivebar on multiple rows:
Copyright © 2002 Ontrack Data International, Inc.Click to expand...
Look in Powerdesk Help/Index and "find" Drive
My auto update will not turn on and my web browser keeps popping open new windows for no apparent reason. Below is my recent hijack this log. Thanks in advance for any help.
Logfile of Trend Micro HijackThis v2.0.2
Scan saved at 7:25:28 AM, on 12/1/2008
Platform: Windows XP SP3 (WinNT 5.01.2600)
MSIE: Internet Explorer v7.00 (7.00.6000.16735)
Boot mode: Normal
Running processes:
C:\Program Files\Alwil Software\Avast4\aswUpdSv.exe
C:\Program Files\Alwil Software\Avast4\ashServ.exe
C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\jusched.exe
C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office12\GrooveMonitor.exe
C:\Program Files\Spybot - Search & Destroy\TeaTimer.exe
C:\Program Files\Java\jre6\bin\jqs.exe
C:\Program Files\Alwil Software\Avast4\ashMaiSv.exe
C:\Program Files\Alwil Software\Avast4\ashWebSv.exe
C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\iexplore.exe
C:\Program Files\Vuze\Azureus.exe
C:\Program Files\HP\digital imaging\bin\hpqtra08.exe
C:\Program Files\HP\Digital Imaging\bin\hpqSTE08.... Read more
Hi, welcome to TSF!
Before we continue, please follow the instructions presented in this thread: http://www.techsupportforum.com/secu...oval-help.html then post the requested logs.
On XP I used to be able to place my files where ever I wanted in explorer. On Windows 7 to my dismay I can't move files ore folder where I want them. Is there a way to turn this off? When tranferring a bunch of files to removable storage there may be files that I may not want to transfer and I can't simply move them out of the way like used to on XP.Read other answers
Just wondering how do I turn off the shutdown that has the "Whatever" has been interrupted, please save all work as the computer is shutting down. Then it has a timer. My computer never does this but my friends has been having problems. How can I turn it off?
Usually thats a virus, so maybe do a virus scan?
Do a free online virus scan at housecall.trendmicro.com
I often drag from the right pane to the left pane in Windows Explorer. In each case I ALWAYS expand the left pane first so that I can see the folder I want to drag into.
However, if that folder already has subfolders it often expands and I have no idea where the drag will end up. Is it possible to turn off this autoexpanding function?
You are correct that folders will open in the left pane. But the target folder will always be highlighted.
In fact, you can move the highlight up and down the entire C\: drive all day, opening every folder, until you finally release the left mouse button in the highlighted folder
BTW1: Of course, someone in the A-team might know how to turn off the folder action.
BTW2: I never use drag and drop in Windows Explorer. I use Ctrl+X in the source right pane, then Ctrl+V in the target right pane.
Reason: Because several times I've dropped into the incorrect folder. Either because the folder name was *similar* to the correct folder name. Or *identical* to the correct folder name, but in the wrong branch
By opening the target right pane, I can see what files and dates already exist (if any).
How do I turn on Windows Defender spyware, malware in Windows Security Center automatically w/o having to do it manually everytime on turn on my comp.?
Originally Posted by awlmyne
How do I turn on Windows Defender spyware, malware in Windows Security Center automatically w/o having to do it manually everytime on turn on my comp.?
Hello awlmyne,
Open Windows Defender by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs and then clicking Windows Defender.
Click Tools, and then click Options.
Under Administrator options, select the Use Windows Defender check box, and then click Save. If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.
This should then enable you to see in Windows Security Centre - Malware Protection -
"Windows Defender is turned on."
[When Windows Defender is on, you will be alerted when spyware and other potentially unwanted software tries to install itself, run on your computer, or change important Windows settings. If you use the default settings, Windows Defender will also check for new definitions, regularly scan for spyware and other potentially unwanted software, and automatically remove any detected item that has a recommended removal action.]
Hope that helps.
hi, im from malaysia and im using streamyx (name of isp) and i configured my pc to use manual dialer (username and password) but yesterday after restarting my pc my computer started to connect to the internet automatically and my modem's ETH/ACT LED keep on blinking. how to i restore my internet connection to manualRead other answers
I just upgraded my computer to WinXp home and now I have auto-complete on. :evil: I like it when it remembers my passwords but I hate the auto complete on everything else. (such as, email addresses, searches, and other random stuff) How can I turn it off?!?!?!
Please Help,
Open IE and click on Tools/InternetOptions, then go to the Content tab. You'll find a button for the AutoComplete function where you can make the changes you want.Read other 2 answers
I created a backup of my hard drive files onto a CD. It contains very important data. Yet when I put the CD into my CD drive, I can hear it spinning and trying to be read, but I get a window that says something like "Searching for Auto Play" or "Seeking/starting Auto Play", then it just hangs there forever and freezes the rest of my computer - until I take out the CD. It's obviously trying to seek an autorun file, but as far as I know, none of my data files on that CD include any autorun files! Why would it do this? Is there a way to turn off the autorun feature?
I have Windows XP on a Dell Inspiron laptop. Thanks!
Read other 7 answers
hi all
I am a little unsure where to place this as a topic, thats why it is in the general section.
I am trying to change my group policy setting so that auto run doesn't work. I have to get some data of an external hard drive that is infected.
as i am running Home premium I can't access it. Will this regedit work for windows 7
One quick trick prevents AutoRun attacks
Why don't you just change it in control panel autorunRead other 9 answers
I own a yoga 710-14iKB.Till a while ago, I was able to rotate my screen whether the tablet mode is on or off.But now I can't rotate the screen in neither mode.I tried switching to tablet mode but the rotation lock option would stay greyed out. I also tried to turn off rotation lock in settings > display > rotation lockbut the option is greyed out as well. this problem bothers me alot as I need to rotate my screen as I use the laptop in different modes and positions.
Untitled.png ?60 KB
I know there are other posts on this subject but they don't help. I disabled Autorun with avg tools, but want it back on. It shows it is on but it will not start. Hope someone has an answer for me.
Have you tried the tutorial on how to turn on or off auto run?Read other 9 answers
does anybody know how to turn off xp's new hardware auto install? I have a new ati card and windows installs its own drivers for it and I think its messing it up. I want windows to ignore it and let me install my own drivers.
Read other 11 answers
How can I activate the setting for auto fill in on Windows 2000?
I could also ask that question foe Windows XP.
do you mean autocomplete ? If so then open internet explorer and click /tools / options / content / autocomplete
I cannot figure out how to turn on auto complete in XP. I have turned it on under "tools", "options", "content", "autocomplete" as well as turned on "use Inline autocomplete" under the advanced tab and neither turns on this feature.
I have unchecked all boxes, rebooted, re-checked all boxes, rebooted, and nothing works.
Make sure it's turned on in "Services". Click Start, and then click Run. In the Open box, type Services.msc, and then click OK. Make sure "Protected Storage" service is started.
I just recently built a PVR computer(Personal Video Recorder) which records about 30 video files a week. (3 - 8 GB / piece)
It's all working fine, but I've run into a rather strange problem with Windows. I'm using XP Home (I could change this to Pro if needs be), and I've found that Windows automatically defragments the hard drives every once in a while which really kind of throws a wrench into the works. (It slows the hard drive access WAY down.) Since these video files are coming in over a period of two hours, the files usually end up pretty fragmented. So, I guessing Windows just decides to start defraging them. Do you know of any way to turn off this "feature"? I've only just begun to search the registry and haven't found a thing yet.
Roozer said:
I just recently built a PVR computer(Personal Video Recorder) which records about 30 video files a week. (3 - 8 GB / piece)
It's all working fine, but I've run into a rather strange problem with Windows. I'm using XP Home (I could change this to Pro if needs be), and I've found that Windows automatically defragments the hard drives every once in a while which really kind of throws a wrench into the works. (It slows the hard drive access WAY down.) Since these video files are coming in over a period of two hours, the files usually end up pretty fragmented. So, I guessing Windows just decides to start defraging them. Do you know of any way to turn off this "feature"? I've only just begun to search the registry and haven't found a thing yet.
BenClick to expand...
Welcome to the forums
I wonder if somehow the defrag starts due to the task scheduler. Have you checked that yet? It would be a starting point...doc
I own a yoga 710-14iKB.Till a while ago, I was able to rotate my screen whether the tablet mode is on or off.But now I can't rotate the screen in neither mode.I tried switching to tablet mode but the rotation lock option would stay greyed out. I also tried to turn off rotation lock in settings > display > rotation lockbut the option is greyed out as well. this problem bothers me alot as I need to rotate my screen as I use the laptop in different modes and positions.
Untitled.png ?60 KB
my computer auto turn on after 15 min of been shut down and i dont have any program to do that
plz help!! (window xp)
Im confused as to exactly whats going on here. What exactly is the problem? your looking for software to make your pc turn on automatically or your pc turns on by itself after shutdown?
Running the latest ios on a iphone 4s, with the latest itunes installed on pc, my iphone now shuffles every track on any album. The shuffle icon is grey/black and when you press the icon it just shuffles to the next track. this has only happened since latest update. Did a quick google there are answers but they were relevant to the previous ios. For example tap the I whilst in music mode but i cant see an I on my phone.
Any help anyone
Press and hold the Home+Power button on your iPhone till you see an Apple logo. Once you see the Apple logo, release the buttons and let the phone boot up. This process is called as Soft Reset. It helps fix many issues with iPhones.Read other 4 answers
when i try to turn on auto update it wont let me due to administrator when i am signed in as administratorRead other answers
Sure, it's a convenient function, but sometimes you just want to be able to actually see the picture, even if you have to *gasp* scroll to see it all, and IE6's habit of scaling down the picture so that it fits in the browser window, while useful at times, can be quite annoying too. How do you turn that off? (My apologies if there's just an easy way to do it that I didn't check for.)
Here is MS KB article that addresses your problem.
Click here for info
Let us know if that helps.
I have a slight problem updating my computer.
When I turn on my computer it notifies me that auto update is turned off and when I try to turn it on it says that the security centre could not change my automatic update settings.
My System is.
Microsoft windows xp
media center edition
version 2002
service pack 3
pentium(R) 4CPU 3.00GHz
3.00GHz, 1.50 GB of Ram
Any help would be great.
Thank you
I am so frustrated with Norton Internet Security Tech Support. I have been going around in circles with them. I have followed all of the their instructions. I had to uninstall and then reinstall Norton Internet Security 2006. It will not allow me to turn on the auto protect feature. Norton's chat tech support provides their instructions in pieces and parts. I had my husband, he's a Sys Devlpmnt Mgr at an Intl Financial Institution, follow their instructions and we both got the same result....the Auto Protect will NOT turn on. Someone please help before I totally go insane.
Read other 16 answers
I have a sonic impact t24 speaker. I currently run 64 bit vista on the computer connected to the speakers. The computers sound goes through its aux input.
One of the speakers 'features' is that the speakers automatically turn off after five minutes of no use. The only way to power it back on is manually via the remote. I'm wondering if anyone knows of some background program that spits out a small (inaudiable of close to it) sound or something that could keep my speakers awake. (or of course if anyone has a more creative approach, I'm in) I've tried quite a few google searches to no avail. As much as I avoid wasting power, sometimes its just nice to hear aim inform you that someones messaged you in the other room or other things to that effect. Thank you for the help in advance.
Read other 8 answers
Laptop won't turn on and when it does it says preparing automatic repair and automatically shuts offRead other answers
computer auto disconects from internet after 20 mins,could any one help how do I disable this my O S is windows media centre edition ,thank you james411Read other answers
Hi everyone,
We have 20 Dell LCD monitors got burned out in our student lab. I dont want this to happen again to other monitors. I have an idea to have the monitors to be off after so many minutes when they are not in use.
I logged in as administrator and set the the monitors to turn off after 15 minutes (under power options properties) and they work fine. But then when the students logged in using their own accounts, the monitors didnt turn off. Can anyone tell me how to make these monitors turned off?; no matter who log in to the computers. These PCs are running on XP. Thank you so much!!!
Why dont you change the users settings ?Read other 2 answers
I cannot turn on Windows Auto Update it tells me that I cannot and must be changed by the system administrator but that is me. I am using Windows 7 64 bit below are my log files
Tech Support Guy System Info Utility version 220.127.116.11
OS Version: Microsoft Windows 7 Ultimate, Service Pack 1, 64 bit
Processor: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU M 560 @ 2.67GHz, Intel64 Family 6 Model 37 Stepping 5
Processor Count: 4
RAM: 3957 Mb
Graphics Card: Intel(R) HD Graphics, 1754 Mb
Hard Drives: C: Total - 235631 MB, Free - 150055 MB; D: Total - 2046 MB, Free - 2008 MB;
Motherboard: Dell Inc., 02K3Y4
Antivirus: McAfee Anti-Virus and Anti-Spyware, Updated and Enabled
Logfile of Trend Micro HijackThis v2.0.4
Scan saved at 12:05:24 PM, on 12/6/2011
Platform: Windows 7 SP1 (WinNT 6.00.3505)
MSIE: Internet Explorer v9.00 (9.00.8112.16421)
Boot mode: Normal
Running processes:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\GoogleToolbarNotifier\GoogleToolbarNotifier.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Apple\Internet Services\iCloudServices.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Apple\Internet Services\ApplePhotoStreams.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\TechSmith\Snagit 10\Snagit32.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files\Apple\Apple Application Support\APSDaemon.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\CyberLink\PowerDVD9\PDVD9Serv.exe
C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Rapid Storage Technology\IAStorIcon.exe
C:\Prog... Read more
How to turn off overheat auto shutdown?
So I got a new computer and everything is working fine. When I start playing a game the temperature rises and as soon as the CPU or the case gets just over 40C, my computer does an automatic shut down. I think that is a bizzar temperature to have an overheat shutdown. Can anyone help me to turn this feature off? I went into the BIOS, but for some reason I did not fond an option to do that and all I got was the data showing current temperatures. So can anyone help me to turn that feature off or atleast put it up to 70 or 80. Every bit of help is loved!
40C I ain't ever heard that before...
Are you certain that your com is shutting down due to the CPU termperature?
Do you get a warning message telling you it's going to shut down?
And how do you know it's 40C when it does?
If it only happens when playing games it could be something else than your CPU, like your gfx card maybe?
About a month and a half ago, I noticed all my desktop icons were on the left side of the screen in alphabetical order. Turning Auto-arrange off or on does nothing. As soon as I refresh or restart my PC, the icons revert back to the auro-arrange display. We have four user on my PC and oddly enough only my account (which is the admin - not sure if that matters) has the problem. I've read a number of old posts (1-2 years old) that discuss accessing the registry. I'm fairly adept with this thing but I'm not looking to do open heart surgery. Any ideas?
Hi -
If you Right click on an open (vacant) area of your screen, and Point to Arrange Icons By what items do you see ticked ??
Are any ticked, all ticked or just a few -
Thank You -
You know, we begin typing something into the search box but google steps in and adds words we don't want, so we have to delete the unwanted bits.
Go to Settings (lower right) and tick the last option if you meant google search engine.Read other 3 answers
I use a vitualization type software called Toolwiz Time Freeze that on a restart removes all your downloads etc of the session.
It gets abit annoying when a Windows auto update starts downloading/installing when you know that TTF will be removing the update on the restart (that is also needed to install Windows updates).
Any advice on how i can get windows to tell me what important updates i need, WHILST having the option of when i can download and install them?
Many thanks for any help.
See this tutorial by Brink:
Windows Update Settings - Change
I have mine set to "Check for updates...", and that works for me.
I get notified, but it's up to me, if and when to download and install them.


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|Improving soil properties by silsesquioxane humic systems / O. I. Filippova, A. R. Ziganshina, N. A. Safronova et al. // Book of Abstracts. Fourth International Conference of CIS IHSS on Humic Innovative Technologies From Molecular Analysis of Humic Substances – to Nature-like Technologies (HIT-2017). — ООО КЛУБ ПЕЧАТИ Москва, 2017. — P. 97–97. Soil humic substances directly and indirectly influence on wide range of properties that determine fertility. In particular they effect greatly on soil organic matter and soil structure. An introduction the humic acids (HA) modified with siloxanes (so called silsesquioxane humic systems, Si-HA) seems to be one of the most promising approach for improving soil properties, which are closely connected with soil fertility [1]. However, the development of this technology requires evaluation of interaction of silsesquioxane humic systems with wide range of soils. The goal of our work was to evaluate effect of silsesquioxane humic systems on soil organic matter properties as well as soil structure of soils belonging to different soilgeographical zones in Russia. To reach this goal, a model experiments with soil samples of humic horizons of Sodpodzolic, Grey forest, Chernozems and Chestnut soils in cultivated and no cultivated variants. Soils were saturated with HA or Si-HA 5 times, incubated at constant temperature and moisture during 21 d and dried. Then mean weight diameter (MWD) of water proof aggregates, microaggregates content (MAC) and ratio of CHA/CFA were estimated. Introduction to soil both HA and Si-HA increased MWD and MAC, and case of the Si- HA both MWD and MAC were significantly larger than in the soils treated with HA. CHA/CFA changed insignificantly in presence of Si-HA as compared to the control values whilst in case with HA CHA/CFA values considerably increased. So, the obtained results demonstrated clearly improving soil properties by silsesquioxane humic systems. References 1. Volikov A.B. et al. // Catena. 2016. 137:229–236. This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant 16-14-00167.


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Thanks, Colin — Also, a slight bump (either way, as desired) with the Dehaze slider can sometimes serve as a final touch! 🙂
How to get the best Black and White conversion in Lightroom in 2 minutes
Here is a quick tip for making black & White photos in Lightroom, including a slider that makes a bigger difference than any of the others. The weird thing is this slider isn't a black and white slider.
I hope you enjoyed this quick Lightroom Tutorial.
Don't forget to check out all my other tutorials!
Thanks, Colin — Also, a slight bump (either way, as desired) with the Dehaze slider can sometimes serve as a final touch! 🙂
Hi Colin,
Nope! I've never used the Temp and Tint sliders for Blk and Wht! I will now … Thanks for the Tip.
Didn't think of that…Great One Colin! Thanks
Thanks Colin, I had noticed the temp and tint sliders were "available" but hadn't thought to try them in B&W! Thanks, cool tip!
That's one I haven't tried…thanks for the tip
Great tip. I never thought of using the color sliders. Also using the color picker icon for idividual colors is sosmart.
Thanx for the excellent little tutorial Colin. Tint and Temperature sliders are something I'm assuming most, if not all of us would not have given a second thought to in editing for black & white photography. What great tools!
Nuances are everything! Thanks.
Will this work in CS6 camera raw?
Also does the button exist for clicking on a colour and then altering the B&W tone by dragging left or right?
Taking a B&W class now and will definitely try the temp and tint sliders. Thanks for the great tips.
How to add a background blur to a Photo in Photoshop. Learn to make a blur mask / depth map...
5 Hidden Easter Eggs in Photoshop that you didn't know. Secret functionality. ...
Learn how to use Photoshop on the iPad...


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Capital Games
"The latest volley from the Swift Vets shows what motivates these anti-Kerry veterans. They remain mad at him for opposing the war and addressing its worst aspects."
There must be more to it than that...
if that were the whole story why would Elliot have campaigned with him in '96? They'd like the only subtext here to be Kerry's behavior after the war. However, the real behavior that needs to be examined is their behavior right now.
Saturday, August 21, 2004
Capital Games
Posted by Kid Ornery at 12:44 AM
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Naomi Watts: 5 Awesome Performances And 5 That Sucked
Naomi Watts is a good actress. There, I've got that out of the way. Although originally born in Shoreham, Kent, Watts began her career in 1986 appearing in The Love Alone, before setting on that familiar path of Australia-based actors soaps. She then went on to supporting roles in films such as Flirting (good film, you should see it) before properly exploding onto the Hollywood scene with David Lynch's surreal mind-f**k Mulholland Drive. Since that role, she's had an up-and-down career, churning out both brilliant films and absolute clunkers. She's obviously extremely talented you don't get Oscar nominations for no reason but like most actors outside of Daniel Day-Lewis, can occasionally fall foul of poor decision-making or a bad performance. From the advance reviews it appears she's struck disaster again with Diana. For my money, this is a shame most of the time, she can be relied upon to deliver excellent performances, and I hope this article makes that apparent. Of course I am also obliged to point out her poor performances, and Diana not-withstanding (I don't mention it in this because I, like most of you, haven't seen it), there are a number of those sprinkled among the gems. So without further ado, let's get down to our weekly column. Keep in mind, there's a SPOILER WARNING in effect.
Edward Owen
Durham University graduate and qualified sports journalist. Very good at sitting down and watching things. Can multi-task this with playing computer games. Football Manager addict who has taken Shrewsbury Town to the summit of the Premier League. You can follow me at @Ed_OwenUK, if you like ramblings about Newcastle United and A Place in the Sun. If you don't, I don't know what I can do for you.See more from Edward


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We are pleased to present the book on Principles of Management to the students of F.Y.BMS, (Semester – II) University of Mumbai. The book has been written as per the syllabus prescribed by the university with effect from academic year 2016-2017.
The Principles of Management are predetermined solutions for repeatedly occurring problems in this VUCA business world. It is essential to any organization that wishes to be efficient and achieve its aims. They guide the manager. As a management graduate it is very important for every manager to know them thoroughly. Thus by having a clear management structure, any organization can withstand their position to stabilize and grow exponentially.
Contents - 1. Nature of Management 2. Planning and Decision Making 3. Organising 4. Directing, Leadership, Co-ordination and Controlling
Dr. Rinkesh Chheda, a Management graduate specializing in Marketing and Finance along with a dual post graduate degree holder in Masters in Commerce (Management) and Masters in Management Studies (Finance). He also acquired a competitive degree in NET (Management) with a doctoral degree in Commerce, Faculty of Commerce and Management in the field of academics. He is working as an Assistant Professor at SIES College of Commerce and Economics, Sion (East) with BMS Department. He is teaching subjects like Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Corporate Communication and Public Relations, Production and Total Quality Management, Brand Management, Retail Management, Business Planning and Entrepreneurship Management, etc. Apart from management studies, he is also associated with Bachelor of Mass Media course teaching subjects like Brand Building, Consumer Behaviour, Principles and Practice of Direct Marketing, etc. With a rich experience in teaching fraternity, he also possess an industrial experience as a corporate trainer. He is working with a well renowned companies serving for almost 5 years before entering into teaching fraternity. He has participated and presented around 20 research papers in various national and international conferences.
Ms. Divya Thakur, a Commerce graduate specializing in Banking & Insurance along with a post graduate degree in Masters of Commerce (Banking & Finance), is a Faculty of Commerce & Management in the field of academics working as a Lecturer at SIES College of Commerce & Economics, Sion (East) with BMS Department, teaching subjects like Strategic Management, Sales and Distribution Management, Media Planning and Management, International Marketing, Organisational Behaviour and Human Resource Management, Customer Relationship Management, Integrated Marketing Communication, Human Resource Planning and Information System, Information Technology in Management I & II, Foundation Course I & II, etc. to the students of BMS. Apart from management studies, she is also associated with Bachelor of Mass Media course teaching subjects like Media Research and Consumer Behaviour. To her credit, she has participated and presented around 3 research papers in international and national conferences in just 2 years of her career in teaching.
G.Sudarsana Reddy K. Aswathappa
Pawan V. Jhabak
Dr. K. Govinda Bhat
Dr. A.M. Sarma
Praveen Tayal Dr. D.C. Tayal
Mrs. Nandini Jagannarayan Dr. P.G. Gopalakrishnan
Narendra T. Katre Rajendra T. Katre
Dr. Dora Thompson Dr. Pratibha Mahato
Dr. Vijay N. Charde Mr. Dharmvir A. Chouhan
Dr. Rajkumar S. Bhonde Mr. Ashish S. Gadwe


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Posts tagged 'Preserves'
Rhubarb Lavender Jam
This is it, folks. This is the last recipe in the official Rhubarb Fest here on SFTF. Won't you miss that glaring shade of pink font? There may be a few stragglers to come, but both my kitchen and my garden have moved on from the ephemeral spring beauty of rhubarb to the boisterous abundance of early summer. Now that my harvest basket is brimming daily with sugar snap peas, kohlrabi, beets, lettuces, radishes, broccoli and more, it's tough to stay focused on one exclusive ingredient. Can you blame me?
But celebrating rhubarb has been fun, hasn't it? I discovered several new and delicious recipes, all of which astonishingly excluded strawberries, rhubarb's bestest buddy ever! Of course I saved the best for last. This batch of Rhubarb Lavender Jam combines so many of my favorite flavors: sassy rhubarb, floral lavender, and wildflower honey, all of which came out of my garden in one way or another. I also love that this jam does not require any pectin. It's not that I mind pectin in my jam. I just mind the inevitable realization that I used up the last of my stash and never remembered to replace it (pectin's tough to find in bulk here in the city so I buy mine at the little local store by my parents' farm when I'm visiting).
If you're not a master jam maker – and I certainly don't consider myself to be one like Tigress in a Jam, the creator of this recipe – this is an easy beginners batch. The ingredients take minimal processing and you can't really mess it up as you can keep cooking it if you aren't sure that its ready to set up. Rhubarb takes a licking and keeps on ticking like that. And this jam does indeed set up beautifully.
Ground Cherry & Chamomile Jam
Forgive me. This post is about to be one of the shortest on SFTF. I'm in the throes of a week of final exams and it's not been pretty: studying 'til the wee hours of the night and cheese and crackers for dinner two nights running so far. But I didn't want to leave you for too long without some culinary inspiration and one last recipe for ground cherries that I have tucked away in my drafts.
Ground cherry season is just about at a close. I have some fruit left on my plants which I'll harvest when I pull them out of the ground next week during the process of putting my garden to bed for the winter. I knew right from the start I wanted to make jam with these lovely little fruits, but was wondering what I could to spice up the jam idea a bit. I ran across another blogger's account of making Ground Cherry and Chamomile Jam and I knew right away that's what I wanted to make. I used my own honey I'd harvested from my hive earlier this year. I didn't have my own chamomile to use for this batch, but I've just harvested a bunch of chamomile flowers to dry that I'll be sure to use for the next batch.
This jam is floral and fruity, with the ground cherry itself playing a rather secondary role to the honey and chamomile. That is until you hold it for a moment on your tongue and realize the ground cherry's pineapple-y zest is doing quite a lively dance itself in the very pleasant aftertaste of this jam.
This jam is quite beautiful too: glowing amber suspends little pearls that once were seeds. Those seeds might put some folks off, in which case you could always just strain the hot jam before putting it in jars. I personally like the subtle contrasting crunch of the seeds amid the silky sweetness of the jam.
recipe after the jump