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Lamb Production Costs: Analyses of Composition and Elasticities Analysis of Lamb Production Costs
Article information
Since lamb is a commodity, producers cannot control the price of the product they sell. Therefore, managing production costs is a necessity. We explored the study of elasticities as a tool for basing decision-making in sheep production, and aimed at investigating the composition and elasticities of lamb production costs, and their influence on the performance of the activity. A representative sheep production farm, designed in a panel meeting, was the base for calculation of lamb production cost. We then performed studies of: i) costs composition, and ii) cost elasticities for prices of inputs and for zootechnical indicators. Variable costs represented 64.15% of total cost, while 21.66% were represented by operational fixed costs, and 14.19% by the income of the factors. As for elasticities to input prices, the opportunity cost of land was the item to which production cost was more sensitive: a 1% increase in its price would cause a 0.2666% increase in lamb cost. Meanwhile, the impact of increasing any technical indicator was significantly higher than the impact of rising input prices. A 1% increase in weight at slaughter, for example, would reduce total cost in 0.91%. The greatest obstacle to economic viability of sheep production under the observed conditions is low technical efficiency. Increased production costs are more related to deficient zootechnical indexes than to high expenses.
Brazilian sheep production, unlike what has been happening in most other countries, has since the early 2000s attracted investors and expanded in numbers and quality. The focus of development of the activity is the production of lamb, mostly to meet demanding markets such as the state of Sao Paulo's. However, new sheep breeders have no tradition or experience in the field. They are attracted by the steady demand for the product, which motivates imports of most of the sheep meat consumed by Brazilians, and by the high prices charged by restaurants and boutiques that sell specialty meats.
However, the path between the birth of lambs and the consumer's table can offer many drawbacks, and new breeders face several difficulties to establish effectively in the activity. The greatest of these is the challenge of keeping a healthy and productive flock at production costs that do not compromise the economic viability of the activity. To get around this, it is necessary to apply efficient methods of managing, which occurs in only a few cases (Raineri, 2012).
The primary productive activity is the most vulnerable segment of the supply chain due to technological and management limitations. Because they fail to control the price of the product they sell, producers need to administer the variables that are under their control. Their economic outcome in a competitive market environment depends on management of production costs and of economies of scale (Reis et al., 2001). However, according to the latest Brazilian Agricultural Census, more than 50% of Brazilian sheep flock is housed in properties of up to 100 hectares, and most breeders own less than 100 animals (IBGE, 2007). In this context, knowledge of production costs is critical in managing the property, because small producers need to be efficient to be competitive. On the other hand, Costa (2007) concluded, by analyzing the supply chain of sheep industry, that most farmers do not have any mechanisms for managing their property. The percentage of adoption of technologies related to infrastructure, administration and flock handling is still very low among sheep producers.
Brazilian studies about sheep production costs are scarce, and most of them are restricted to evaluate the variable costs involved in lamb finishing process. Even rarer are studies that assess the profitability of investments in meat sheep farming. Thus, farmers who want to calculate their production costs find very little specific scientific basis. International literature also offers not many articles on economic evaluation of sheep production, and most of the available papers deal with broader issues, or economic analyzes of specific procedures, not with the calculation of production costs specifically. Some examples are Kilkenny and Read (1974), Galal et al. (1996), Milan et al. (2003), Perez et al. (2007), Morris (2009) and Tzouramani et al. (2011).
The aim of this study is to investigate the composition of production costs of lamb, and its influence on the performance of the activity. We intend to improve understanding of the factors that influence the cost and the way in which this occurs, in order to generate useful information for the management of sheep farms.
First we defined the representative characteristics for a sheep production farm in the region of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Based on these, we calculated the annual cost of breeding lambs for these conditions. Then economic analyses were performed, as follows: i) study of costs composition, and ii) study of the total cost elasticities according to the prices of inputs and zootechnical indicators.
Characterization of the studied property
The technical, productive and economical characteristics of the studied lamb production farm were defined by the method of panel meeting (Plaxico and Tweeten, 1963; Vereijken, 1999; Richardson et al., 2007; Almeida, 2010; CONAB, 2010). The panel consists of a meeting with the researcher and a group of producers and technicians in the area at issue, in which participants discuss together and seek to draw a typical production system in a certain locality. During the discussions, the group fills a previously structured spreadsheet to represent a typical situation in the region (Ferreira Filho et al., 2009). The collected data were not obtained from an individual farm, or from statistical averages: they were based on a consensus in a panel meeting.
Thus, through the local experience of producers, we outlined a sheep production system that represents the region of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, state of Sao Paulo. This region has the greatest concentration of sheep in the state, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2012), comprising over 17% of Sao Paulo's flock. Thirteen breeders and technicians, as well as the researcher in charge of the study, participated in the panel.
The aspects approached during the performed panels refer to six groups of features, namely: i) characteristics of property and manpower (total area of the property, area assigned for sheep production, period for which the activity has been conducted, amount of hours reserved for administration of the activity, amount of employees and time reserved for the sheep routine, existence or absence of technical assistance), ii) flock (quantities of ewes and rams, outcome rate, sheep breeds), iii) handling (performed stages of production cycle, production system, feeding stuffs used, health management, weaning method, breeding system), iv) equipment and facilities, v) feed production (pastures' characteristics and handling, forages used in the dry period, source of supplementary concentrates) and vi) zootechnical indicators.
Thus, the entire production system was characterized including the selection of products and services used, their prices and quantities. These technical coefficients were kept fixed for the proposed cost model, configuring a Leontief production function (Leontief, 1936).
Calculation of cost and its composition
The lamb production cost in the representative property was calculated for a period of one year, according to the method developed by Raineri (2012). The method is based on Economic Theory and different methods consecrated and used in agriculture, which have undergone adaptations for use in breeding lambs.
The cost components are grouped into the categories of variable costs, operational fixed costs, operational costs and total cost. Variable costs include all components involved in the activity that only occur if there is production, and that are directly related to the number of animals produced. The components were: feeding (pasture, supplementary roughage, concentrates, and mineral salt) and veterinary expenses (anthelmintics and vaccines).
The elements of expenses that are borne by the producer, regardless of the production volume, are included in the operational fixed costs. The elements considered in this study were manpower, depreciation (of facilities, machinery, purchased ewes, and rams), maintenance and preservation (of machinery, facilities, and pastures) and other fixed costs (energy and fuel).
The operational cost consists of all items of variable costs and the share of fixed costs directly associated with the implementation of the activity. It differs from the total cost only for not including the income of factors, considered as the expected return on capital and on the land (Matsunaga et al., 1976). The total cost of production comprises the sum of the operational cost plus the compensation assigned to production factors (CONAB, 2010).
Analysis of the elasticities
In economic terms, the elasticity expresses a relation between two functionally interrelated variables (Passos and Nogami, 2003). That is, the elasticity measures the proportional response of one variable with respect to changes in another.
Analyses of elasticities were performed with the following objectives: i) to estimate the intensity of variation of the total cost of production due to the variation in the prices of inputs used; and ii) to estimate the intensity of variation of the total cost of production due to variations of the zootechnical indicators. Thus, one can identify which variables the total cost of lamb production is more sensitive to.
The cost sensitivity to price variations of production factors is called "price elasticity factor of the total cost", and is obtained through the equation:
In which:
EPFCfr : price elasticity factor of the total cost for the production factor f in region r;
CTrt : total cost of production in region r during period t
CTrt+1 : total cost of production in region r during period t+1 (period after occurred variation) (in Reais);
PFfrt : price of the production factor f in region r during period t (in Reais); and
PFfrt+1 : price of the production factor f in region r during period t+1 (period after occurred variation) (in Reais).
The cost sensitivity to zootechnical indicators' variations is called "zootechnical indicator elasticity of the total cost", and is obtained through the equation:
In which:
EZTCzr : zootechnical indicator elasticity of the total cost for the production factor z in region r;
CTrt : total cost of production in region r during period t
CTrt+1 : total cost of production in region r during period t+1 (period after occurred variation) (in Reais);
ZTzrt : value of the zootechnical indicator z in region r during period t ; and
ZTzrt+1 : value of the zootechnical indicator z in region r during period t+1 (period after occurred variation).
Production system
The production system of the representative property studied can be classified as intensive, but presents characteristics indicative of low technical efficiency. This fact can be explained by the short time that the activity has been being conducted with an economic nature in the region (4 to 5 years), and by the inexperience of the sheep farmers.
The flock on the representative farm is composed of about 300 hair ewes (Santa Ines breed and Santa Ines mixes) with very low or no reproductive seasonality, mainly bred to Dorper rams. The dams are kept in pastures and lambs are confined from birth to sale. This system uses the technique of controlled sucking, which consists in separating dams and lambs during the day and allowing offspring to suck overnight. This practice starts around 20 days after birth, as soon as the lambs are able to feed concentrates, and not only milk. Therefore, this practice is associated to the use of creep feeding – that is the supply of concentrate in an exclusive feeder for lambs from the first days of life. The goals are reducing feeding costs for ewes, stimulating lambs to consume larger quantities of grain as early as possible and familiarizing lambs with the absence of their mothers, in order to reduce weaning stress.
The supplementary roughages used are sugar cane and elephant grass stocking piles (Pennisetum purpureum, SCHUM), in the dry season (April to September) and rainy season (October to March) respectively. Lambs receive concentrates based on grains since birth, and the ewes only during late gestation and early lactation. Table 1 presents the zootechnical indicators of the representative property of the region of Sao Jose do Rio Preto.
Production cost
This item presents the production costs of the farming system studied. Table 2 shows the aggregate costs for the activity on the representative property, at mean prices of inputs for the months of July to September 2012.
The item "E - Revenue from culled ewes" was included in the calculations for two main reasons. First, Economic Theory states that all factors of the production system should be remunerated. The case of the culled ewes is no different, and they are remunerated according to their market value, as well as lambs are remunerated in the same way. Thus, if these females were not removed from this account, they would be being mistakenly remunerated twice, unnecessarily burdening the system. Second, discounting the value of ewes facilitates comparison between the total cost and the price of lamb, in view of the profitability analysis: the calculated total cost per kilogram starts to refer only to the lamb, so it can be directly compared to the values offered by buyers.
Considering the average prices for lamb, which did not exceed BRL$ 6.65 per kilogram of live weight during the period (UNICETEX, 2012a), the observation of the total cost leads to questions about the economic viability of the activity.
Authors such as Barros (2008), Heaton et al. (1999) and Nix (1988) found that many sheep breeders disregard several items in their cost estimates, and for this reason consider the activity viable and remain in it. Thus, we performed new calculations of costs for the representative properties, excluding the sum of items that are commonly ignored by breeders, either by ignorance or by choice. Table 3 presents the total cost of sheep production, and also the costs deducted from cost of the pasture, the income of the factors of depreciation or all of these items.
The values obtained, especially when excluding the three items of cost, are significantly reduced compared to the total costs, and are more consistent with the market price of the product. Other aspects should be highlighted in this discussion, as the great involvement of breeders in the informal market and the occurrence of cross-subsidy in the properties.
Sorio and Rasi (2010) affirm that informality is present in Brazilian sheep production, trade, slaughter and carcass processing, and that one of the reasons for that is the higher value obtained by producers when performing the slaughter and marketing the meat themselves. In a survey with sheep producers in the state of Sao Paulo, Souza et al. (2008) found 55% of producers performing slaughter in their own farms as a way of selling their production. In spite of providing higher income for producers, formal slaughter is associated with tax evasion and exclusion of animal health surveillance system, being a great concern for Brazilian sheep industry.
The cross-subsidy is the use of profits from one activity of the property to support another (Souza and Braga, 2007), in this case, sheep raising. That is, there is a transfer of costs from one activity to another so that producers cannot identify which culture is responsible for each portion of the profit or cost: they count only the general result of the property. Lamb production is a complementary activity in the representative sheep farm, commonly secondary, coexisting mostly with sugar cane culture.
Nix (1988) and Niżnikowski et al. (2006) claim that it is necessary to consider that sheep industry is an evolving activity and that the zootechnical indicators, usually inadequate due to lack of application of technologies, reflect the low efficiency of the system which is often responsible for the high cost of production. As the technical efficiency of breeding increases, costs can be reduced.
Kumm (2009) also noted a low profitability of the activity in Sweden, with several similar causes to the Brazilian situation. The study revealed that some aspects, such as the need to increase scale of production, the sheep farmer's lack of experience, the small area of the properties and the high opportunity cost of land, have to be worked out to make lamb production viable in the country. On the other hand, also the same as in Brazil, domestic production meets only a small portion of sheep meat consumption, which creates the desire and the opportunity to increase production.
Cost composition
Table 4 shows the proportion of each type of cost (variable and operational fixed cost and income of factors) in the cost of the representative property.
As shown above, the largest portion of the cost is represented by variable costs (64.15% of total). Operational fixed costs appear as the second largest type of cost (21.66%), and income of factors, as third (14.19%).
Feedstuffs are responsible for most of the production cost. It is worth noting that the feeding basis of the flock in question is pasture, and that the opportunity cost of the land is included in the pasture value. The cost of pasture was BRL$ 0.01 per kg of dry matter, disregarding the value of fertilizers and mechanical operations of conservation. Such cost could be reduced if the support capacity of the area and therefore the stocking rate were higher. The overall stocking rate throughout the year adopted in the system is 24 ewes per hectare.
As explained previously, depreciations were calculated for the facilities, machinery, equipment, ewes acquired or retained for flock expansion and rams.
The item "maintenance and preservation" includes machinery, equipment, facilities and pastures. Operations of fertilizer and manure application were considered as pasture maintenance.
The facilities were responsible for a significant portion of production cost, representing approximately 60% of the cost of depreciation, over 26% of the costs of maintenance and over 82% of remuneration on fixed capital. The average Selic rate for the period, used to remunerate the capital, was 6.24% per year.
The analyses of elasticities were conducted in order to assess which factors the total production cost of lamb is more sensitive to. We evaluated two categories of factors: the inputs and the zootechnical indicators. Table 5 presents the inputs used and their elasticities.
The data obtained clarify that the costs of pasture and the land opportunity costs (which are directly correlated, as discussed in item 3.2) have, among the inputs, the greatest impact on the total cost of production: an increase of 1% in its price leads to an increase of 0.2666% in the cost of lamb.
The other inputs follow in descending order of impact, relating mainly to feedstuffs such as corn, sugar cane, soybean meal and concentrates for finishing lambs and adults. Housing costs and interest on capital assets (directly related, as stated in item 3.2) are also among these items.
Manpower occupied positions 10th and 12th on the list, followed by creep feeding concentrate and by the interest on working capital. Machinery and implements such as forage harvester and tractor come after that, followed by limestone used for the maintenance of pastures. Inputs with elasticities lower than 0.01 were employed in the herd health management (vaccines and anthelmintic), energy and fuel, breeding rams and cart.
The results of the second step of the elasticity analyses, which studied the total cost response to variations of the zootechnical indicators, can be seen in Table 6.
The first important observation when analyzing the table is that the impact of increasing any zootechnical indicator is significantly higher than the impact of rising prices of inputs used in the activity. A 1% increase in weight at slaughter, for example, causes a reduction of approximately 0.91% in total cost, which represents an almost linear relation.
These results show that investing in inputs that allow improvements in the technical efficiency of the breeding can be advantageous, such as in the case of supplementing lambs with concentrates to improve weight gain, supplementing ewes to increase prolificacy or reduce lambing interval, in using fertilizers or limestone to intensify the use of pastures, in applying vaccines and other medicines to enable reductions in pre-weaning mortality, or in purchasing breeding rams with proven genetic potential for productivity gains. This is in agreement with the statements by Barros (2008) and Viana and Silveira (2008).
It is also interesting to emphasize that it is possible to improve zootechnical indicators without the need to increase quantities or expenses of inputs used. This is what happens when the farmer performs selection of ewes and rams, and oriented culling of unproductive or less productive animals, that produce lambs of inferior performance (Raineri, 2012).
The characterization of the studied production system, its cost composition and the analysis of elasticities clearly show that the biggest obstacle to the economic viability of lamb production, under the observed conditions, is the low technical level of the activity. High production costs are often more related to inadequate zootechnical indicators, than actually to high expenses.
Situations like these highlight the flaws in the activity management, and demonstrate the importance of providing tools and basic guidance so that sheep farmers can know and control their production costs.
It is clear that by controlling costs it is possible to generate important information for making decisions on the property, as exemplified by studies of the compositions of costs and of elasticities.


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We're going to Mobile World Congress in Barcelona!
Following our annual tradition, the Onebip team will be participating at the world's largest mobile industry event – Mobile World Congress 2014 – together with the Neomobile team at Hall 7 Meeting Room 702 MR from 24 – 27 February 2014.
We're excited to be able have a chance to meet with our current and new partners and friends in the industry at the event and also to check out the latest trends in mobile technology.
If you'd like to find out how Onebip can help you monetise your business with mobile payments or would simply like to catch up with someone you know at Onebip then, get in touch with us in advance to arrange a meeting at firstname.lastname@example.com
Here's a list of the Onebip team that you can speak to at the event: – Massimiliano Silenzi, Head of Onebip by Neomobile – Can Iscan, Onebip Business Development – Paola Trecarichi, Sales Specialist – Simonluca Landi, Onebip Product Quality and Innovation – Manuela Sonaglioni, Senior Delivery and Support Specialist – Francesco Dominidiato, Onebip Tech Director More details about Mobile World Congress: What: It's the biggest mobile sector event in the world. This year's theme is "Creating What's Next" and aims to be the blueprint for the NEXT big innovation. The event is expected to welcome over 1,700 exhibitors and 72,000 attendees this year from mobile, telco and technology sector. When: 24 – 27 February 2014 Where: Fira Gran Via, Av. Joan Carles I, 64, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Onebip/Neomobile location: Hall 7, Meeting room 702 MR For more information, visit http://www.mobileworldcongress.com/ взять срочный займ на карту без отказавзять кредит онлайн

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Home prices in Utah County continue to rise, although the market is changing, according to the Wasatch Front Multiple Listing System.
Still, the typical four-bedroom, three-bath home with just under 2,500 square feet sold for a median average of $323,785 over the last 12 months. During that same period Utah County prices for all types of homes rose 7.7 percent. About 850 homes sold on a median average every month. Homebuyers who paid a median price of $302,000 in November 2018 will now pay a median price of about $333,000 with a price per square foot of $133.
Time on the market is just under 30 days.
However, looking at different price ranges the market varies. In the Provo/Orem area the median price for a single-family home rose from $300,500 12 months ago to $312,250 in October, an overall median average of about $341,000, an increase of just under 4 percent. A median average of just fewer than 110 homes sold monthly.
The typical Provo/Orem home had 4.3 bedrooms and 2.75 baths and sold in about 26 days, for 106 percent on the asking price. Price per square foot had a median average of $155.
The north county area from Lindon to Cedar Fort saw more activity with a median average of 322 homes selling monthly at a median average of $407,062 and a 10.7 percent increase in price over the last 12 months. The typical home in that area is more than 3,200 square feet, $138 a square foot with 4.3 bedrooms and 3.25 baths taking nearly 40 days to sell.
Looking south, from Springville to Goshen a median average of 149 homes sold monthly in the last 12 months for a median average of $370,786, up more than 14 percent. Sellers walked away with a median average of 107 percent of their asking price. The typical home in that area has more than 3,000 square feet, 4.3 bedrooms and 3.25 baths, selling in 36 days. Price per square foot is about $135.
In Suncrest, primarily a mountainous region of Draper in Utah County, a median average of just over six homes sold each month during the last 12 months for a median average price of $529,889, 107 percent over asking price. The typical homes at that price measures nearly 3,900 square feet with four bedrooms and three baths at $138 a square foot and selling in 23 days.
Continuing with an average median calculation, in October seven homes sold in 47 days averaging $550,000, while a month earlier it took only 12 days to sell 11 homes at averaging $557,859 indicating a change in the market. Still, prices rose 6.7 percent over the previous 12 months.
Not every home is selling during the typical listing period, generally six months. More than 3,200 listings were either canceled or expired over the last 12 months, around 266 per month. Sellers and their agents still need to price their homes according to the market to get a timely sale or get it sold at all.


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After researching and learning about Music therapy I found it really interesting and educating on how it affects different people and different ways, especially individuals with Autism. The theory that music can help to reduce the patient anxiety of the MRI is by configuring in pleasure and pain.
This can affect them and their loved ones. Music therapy Music therapy is a fascinating concept; artists use it to perfection to help patients get rid of their health problems.
When I think of therapy I think of children being scared and nervous talking to someone for hours and they get irritated because they just want to have fun. Music does have a positive outcome and effect on people with depression, pain mentally and emotionally, mental disorders, dementia, anxiety disorders and insomnia.
They must learn and know some background information by reviewing documents they may have available. The method that I would take to use this approach would be by learning what the child lacks in. Music therapy is not free.
Conclusion My research led me to the same place again and again, and that place is the conclusion that music therapy is a very nasty con that is practiced by monstrous people that exploit ill, vulnerable and dumb people.
They think the pleasurable stimulus may outweigh the negative one and the patient will be able to ignore the painful one.
The things that can occur are improvising, recreating, listening, and composing. The method that I would take to use this approach would be by learning what the child lacks in.
They believe when a pleasurable and painful stimulus are provided simultaneously, both will be processed.
It has helped hundreds of thousands of people. It can reduce blood pressure, help migraines and headaches, boost immunity, improves memory performances, improves concentration and attention, improve athletic performances, improves to work more productively, improve body movement and coordination, induces sleep, improves mood and decreases depression, enhances intelligence and learning and reduces stress eMedExpert.
It started in palliative care in Listening to music can help relax someone, which can reduce stress and help with breathing. The aim of the companies that give and conduct music therapy may be to help people heal or feel better about their condition, but all of them charge money to do it.
Simulative music activates and sedative music quiets.
They play those sounds via musical mediums. Music Therapy Music Therapy Soothing. When patients have dementias in the late stage, sometimes, older music can work well to get patients to remember things.
They think the pleasurable stimulus may outweigh the negative one and the patient will be able to ignore the painful one. It helps to motivate and encourage people with specific goals that are nonmusical related, in which Music therapist use their training to effect changes in the cognitive, physical, communication, social, and emotional skills peacefulmind.
The three types of randomization includes simple, block, and stratified randomization. Music therapy started being an organized profession in the s.
"Music therapy is the skillful use of music and musical elements by a music therapist to promote, maintain, and restore mental, physical, emotional and spiritual health (Angus 4)." It is used to achieve therapeutic.
Music Therapy Music therapy is the use of interventions to accomplish individual goals within a therapeutic relationship by a professional. Music therapy is an allied health profession and one of the expressive janettravellmd.com consists a process in which a music therapist uses music and all of its aspects; physical, emotional, mental, social, and spiritual.
Music therapy is the prescribed use of music credited by a profession to effect positive changes of an individual's cognitive, psychological, physical, and or health problems.1 Music therapy involves interactions between the therapist, client, and music.
Essay: Music therapy The topic that I choose for my project is Music Therapy. I choose this topic because I really enjoy music, I grew up listening to all types of genre of music, my father was really interested in music which influenced me.
Music Therapy and Depression - Introduction There are many studies that show how music therapy helps people with mood disorders. People with depression can benefit from music therapy because through music therapy they.
Music therapy is a fascinating concept; artists use it to perfection to help patients get rid of their health problems. Music artists combine various important facets like emotional facet, aesthetic, social, spiritual and many more to help patients.Music therapy essays


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Obit: Davel, Amelia (1840 - 1920)
Contact: Stan
Surnames: DAVEL GRUMAN
----Source: LOYAL TRIBUNE (Loyal, Clark County, Wis.) 09/02/1920
Davel, Amelia (11 MAR 1840 - 25 AUG 1920)
Mrs. Amelia Davel was born in Germany March 11, 1840 and died at her home in this village Wednesday morning, Aug. 25, 1920. In the year 1873 she was married in Germany to John Davel, they coming to this country forty-five years ago, settling in Two Rivers, where they lived for a time, later living at Hilbert, Marshfield and Spencer. Twenty years ago they came to Loyal, Clark County, Wis. Mr. Davel preceded her in death by 14 years. She is survived by five sons, Albert, Charles and Joseph of Loyal, John of Spencer and George of Stratford, also by three brothers, John and Julius Gruman of Two Rivers and Albert Gruman of Germany, besides twenty-three grandchildren and a large circle of friends.
Mrs. Davel was remarkably active in body and bright in mind, a very industrious woman, always helping others and ready to do a kindness to anyone so that her death is felt as a personal bereavement in many homes in this vicinity.
The funeral was held from the Catholic Church Friday morning at nine o'clock, Rev. Joseph F. Stenz officiating and she was laid to rest in the Catholic Cemetery. Those from away who attended the funeral were: John Davel and family of Spencer, George Davel and family of Stratford and Messrs. John and Julius Gruman of Two Rivers.
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Ce morceau, calme et simple, me permet aussi de montrer ce dont je suis capable avec ma voix. A quand remonte votre intérêt pour la chanson? A tout gamin. J'ai eu une révélation lorsque j'ai vu Michael Jackson à la TV.
J'ai été fasciné par son univers construit autour de la musique et de la danse. Pour lui, les deux étaient indissociables. Ça m'a fasciné, j'ai eu le déclic. Pourquoi explorez-vous plusieurs styles dans ce disque? Loïc Altaber Graphic design loic. Find contact's direct phone number, email address, work history, and more. He works with tyre, suspension, aerodynamic and Power Unit experts from Brackley and Brixworth to make sure the various characteristics work towards an overall fast package.
Loic Prigent et son équipe décryptent avec pédagogie et.
Loic was born and raised in the French Alps in France. Finalement le préfet Lallement, réputé pour avoir géré avec poigne les manifestations des Gilets jaunes, est nommé le 20 mars préfet de police de Paris [18]. A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors , clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text.
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Online Status: Offline. Andorra is always the steepest, but for the track was one of the dustiest and roughest in recent memory. You will see here my work as photographer, my travels all around the world from the past 15 years and also the info you would need to know about me. Badiashile is a year-old, rated Goalkeeper from France.
Van Loic Tallon.
BMC pro cyclist. The video was filmed on 5 October Our cookies are friendly! We use them to provide social media features and to perform site analytics. My key areas of interest in medical engineering are; regulatory affairs, product development, optics, sterilisation, materials, manufacturing and project management.
EXIA program.
Fast, Free Shipping. Get the SourceForge newsletter. Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Trusted Since ! Stay up to date with the latest climbing news, videos, forum threads, route and bolder rankings and much more, available in over 30 countries worldwide. Go Premium to Update Profile.
Découvrez le profil de Loïc Phil sur LinkedIn, la plus grande communauté professionnelle au monde. Louis Development 2. Écouter Lyon Area, France.
A la rentrée, Anne se lancera dans le tome 1 de Miss Charity, roman de Marie Aude Murail que j'ai déjà scénarisé et moi, je devrais sûrement me lancer dans l'un ou l'autre des projets non encore signés avec des gens incroyables. Plan automatically renews after trial. Learn more. He began his career as a singer in the third season of The Voice Belgique in and represented Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest which was held in Vienna, Austria, where he placed fourth with his original song "Rhythm Inside".
Nottet's single "Million Eyes", part of his first album, was released on 27 October Tutorial how-to: 1.
Loic supervised me while I worked at Ubifrance. He made his debut for the club on the opening day of the season during a victory over Burton Albion, as a substitute in place of Lee Tomlin.
Loïc Janssen. View Loic Marion's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Some new features include a larger bassinet, updated wheel design, and new fashions - all of which include a leather handlebar and belly bar!.
Persephone is an ordinary girl. Loïc Nottet in Is he married or dating a new girlfriend? Net worth: How rich is he? Does Loïc Nottet have tattoos?
Does he smoke? Physical activity is widely. An academy. Joined: Aug 9, Contract until: Either because they play in our favorite football team, because the way they play the game suits our eyes or because of what they have accomplished.
I spent quite some time looking for best practices and looking at the horrible cmake doc and was quite surprised to find only scarce sources and sometime old advices that was deprecated as of now.
March 1 st. Loic is based in Basel, Switzerland and Cadiz, Spain. LOIC'Online v0. Bill and Leogang. Which player do you prefer Loïc Damour Donis Avdijaj. From the projects we worked on together, he showed how great flexibility and a genuine team spirit can make a difference between success and failure.
Breast and colorectal cancer are two of the most common cancers globally with a combined estimated number of 4 million new cases and 1.
On Medium, smart voices and original ideas take center stage. Nov 28, Educational Purposes Only if you. More than 40 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over million projects.
Most recently in the France with Briançon. Bekijk het profiel van Loïc Janssen op LinkedIn, de grootste professionele community ter wereld. Imagine a super hero movie where you're the main protagonist? He works with tyre, suspension, aerodynamic and Power Unit experts from Brackley and Brixworth to make sure the various characteristics work towards an overall fast package. It is most of the time the exact opposite of my own experience.
Explore the Mazinger collection - the favourite images chosen by loic-drawing on DeviantArt. View Loic Hermabessiere's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community.
Sean Fleming 11 Mar Loic Lanco Giuseppe Leo We report on the observation of self-amplified parametric downconversion in a selectively oxidized AlGaAs cavity that was designed to perform as a guided-wave optical. Jan The "Digital Marketing Level 1" DM1 is an industry built assessment to help individuals and employers have better transparency into digital marketing skillsets. Perrin is a year-old, rated Center Back from France.
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See the complete profile on LinkedIn and discover Loïc's connections and jobs at similar companies. Viewable chess game Loic Travadon vs Sarin Nihal, , with discussion forum and chess analysis features.
It is used to launch Dos and DDoS attacks. J Cyst Fibros. Thread starter jlillberto New Member. Loïc has 5 jobs listed on their profile. Photographe de vos passions, je suis orienté sur le sport principalement. EXIA program. Loïc Nottet reviendra sur scène avec un nouvel album plus lumineux en automne Loic worked with the museum to evaluate our current mobile offer across our London sites and to. Get notifications on updates for this project.
Sep - Jul 1 year 11 months. Loïc Struyvelt heeft 7 functies op zijn of haar profiel. Loïc Nottet is a young Belgian singer, composer and dancer. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Loïc has 2 jobs listed on their profile. China's response shows how bold decision-making can contain coronavirus. The small orbit cannon was initially developed by praetox technology.
The inaugural season launched in January , and the —20 season marks the 54th consecutive year for the FIS World Cup. The first Elite Men's World Cup Downhill race of was won on a bike with a inch front wheel and Bienvenue sur ma page photo. Im August erklärte er seinen Rücktritt aus dem Bahn-Nationalteam. Select any poster below to play the movie, totally free!.
My approach was to propose funny and quirky portrait to the hosts I met since it was not always easy for them to be in front of a camera.


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Young Dolph has become the most-popular rapper on the Memphis scene. But, the whole city owes Juicy J a thanks for bringing the spotlight back to the city, seven years ago. Acknowledging this, and how Juicy J, along with Project Pat, and the rest of the Three 6, putting Memphis on, originally, Dolph adds Juicy J and Pat to his "By Mistake" remix.
Listen to "By Mistake" by Young Dolph ft. Juicy J and Project Pat below:


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Tan Yunming obtained a doctoral degree from Nanjing University and a post-doctorate from Northeast Normal University. He is now deputy director of the Central University of Finance and Economics media economics centre, associate professor of the Department of Journalism and Communication at the Central University of Finance and Economics, and supervisor for postgraduate student in the the media economy programme. He is one of the core experts for the Online Editor Committee of the National Occupation Skill Appraisal Committee; a Computer Education Authentication and Certification (CEAC) expert; founder and editor in chief of China Media Education Network; Hebei Television monitoring expert; and vice president and scretary-general of the Beijing Writing Association.
Other positions he has held include head of the Journalism and Communication Department at the Central University of Finance and Economics, project editor for "New Hundred Thousand Whys" for CCTV, member of the 10th National Journalism Master's Degree Authorization examination communication judging group in 2005. He has worked in newsroom planning for Hunan Daily, China Old News, Hunan Economic TV, Hunan Satellite TV, Jiangsu TV City Channel, and other news media. He participated in the planning of China's Media Conference, China's Financial and Fiscal Media Summit Forum and other large media activities. He has published a total of 89 academic papers, 20 books, and has presided over seven scientific research projects. He has participated in important domestic academic conferences and given 18 speeches as of December 2010. He has instructed seven undergraduate courses and four postgraduate courses.


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The Deol clan have more reason to celebrate! Ahana Deol, youngest daughter of Hema Malini and Dharmendra just got engaged to a Delhi based businessman Vaibhav Vora..
The couple have been dating for a while. The ceremony was held at Hema's house which was attended by members of the family.
It's been almost a year since Ahana's elder sister Esha Deol got hitched. No wedding has been decided but we'll keep you posted.
Congratulations to the happy couple!
Related Stories


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August 26, 2016
Question:Scalping, Hedging and use of EAs are problems on MT4 (MetaTrader4)?
Do you live in South Africa? Then please go to HotForex ZA (South Africa) main introduction page.
HotForex allows the use of EAs (Expert Advisers), and many other trading activities such as Scalping, Hedging and News Time Tradings on their MT4 trading platform.
HotForex itself does not restrict any trading activities on the MT4 trading platform.
The only one prohibited trading method is "Latency Arbitrage".
"Latency Arbitrage" is a trading method to exploit profits by the price differences between different brokers(providers) using a specific program.
No Conflict of Interest → No restrictions on MT4
HotForex strives to offer complete STP trading environment, meaning that HotForex sends all orders of client to the Forex markets without interfering.
And the broker earns profits only from the mark-up spread which its traders are paying.
This condition gets rid of the "Conflict of Interest" between traders and HotForex, as HotForex will make the same money when its traders make money or lose.
That is why there is no restrictions on HotForex MT4 and the broker wishes for its traders to make profits and continue their tradings.
Being 100% STP broker, is certainly the most fair trading environment brokers can offer.
Automated Trading as you wish
Although there is no restrictions on the HotForex MT4 and any kinds of EAs are allowed, HotForex does not provide support for these automated strategies however as they are available from third party providers
HotForex suggests you contact the source directly should you experience any difficulties related to the settings or methodology of your chosen EAs.
HotForex does not restrict anything, but you must know the risk of investment.
For more information about HotForex's service, please visit the Official Website.
Official Site
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Prince Andrew 'ignores FBI requests for interview about Epstein'
Tuesday - January 28, 2020 12:05 pm , Category : WORLD
London, Jan 28 (IANS) The UK's Prince Andrew has ignored requests from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) for an interview about his friendship with late American financier and sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, a top US prosecutor said.US Attorney for the Southern District of New York Geoffrey Berman announced on Monday that there had been "zero cooperation" to repeated requests for help from the Duke of York, the London-based Metro newspaper said in a report. Berman made the announcement on the steps of Epstein's huge Manhattan mansion, which Andrew infamously visited in 2010, two years after the billionaire financier was convicted of a child sex crime. Prince Andrew has denied any wrongdoing and last year, he had indicated his willingness to cooperate with investigators.The Buckingham Palace is yet to comment on Berman's claims. Epstein was found dead in his New York jail cell while awaiting trial last August. His death was subsequently ruled a suicide. Andrew, Queen Elizabeth II's second-youngest son, was forced to to step back from royal life last December after a BBC interview about his friendship with Epstein.One of Epstein's main accusers, Virginia Roberts Guiffre, has claimed that the late financier and his fixer Ghislaine Maxwell trafficked her to London in 2001 to sleep with Prince Andrew when she was 17, the Metro report said. Prince Andrew has vehemently denied those claims, with Maxwell also rejecting all wrongdoing. Epstein was previously convicted of a child sex offence in 2008, and was handed a 13 month sentence which allowed him to leave prison.
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Two-thirds of US voters don't expect winner ...
September 29th, 2020
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September 29th, 2020


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Deadline: 19 December 2019
Save the Children is currently seeking applications from the eligible applicants for the post of Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning (MEAL) Manager in Zomba, Malawi. The duration of this post is 2 years.
The MEAL Manager will be responsible for providing support to MEAL staff and programme in the Southern Region in their day-to-day work, ensuring both data and MEAL systems in general are functional.
Save the Children's mission is to inspire breakthroughs in the way the world treats children and to achieve immediate and lasting change in their lives.
Key Jobs Responsibilities
The Senior Child Protection Adviser will perform the following functions:
- Monitoring and Evaluation
- Develop quarterly and annual Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning Plans for the Norad Framework Agreement programme.
- Provide leadership in reviewing MEAL frameworks, plans and tools for the NORAD programme.
- Support implementing partners to design effective Monitoring and Evaluation Plans and tools
- Learning
- Facilitate the compilation and submission of high quality assessment reports (baseline, mid-term and end-line studies) in a timely manner.
- Develop and manage relevant Management Information System and tools for Norad Programme
- Document and share programme performance and learning (through monthly, quarterly and annual reports, etc) to inform on-going implementation and future programming.
- Make recommendations on changes in programme design or general management based on findings from MEAL and analysis of trends.
- Accountability
- Ensure that all staff in all projects and programmes under his/her jurisdiction fully understand and promote accountability to the general beneficiary population and children in particular, through training and coaching.
- Contribute to the establishment of feedback mechanisms to mainstream accountability across the programme/project interventions.
- Capacity Building
- Ensure appropriate MEAL staffing for all projects and programmes under his/her jurisdiction.
- Contribute to performance management of MEAL staff in all projects and programmes under his/her jurisdiction in cooperation and collaboration with Program Managers.
Eligibility Criteria
Applicant must have:
- Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Statistics, Demography or related field.
- Experience database development and management is an added advantage.
- At least 5 years hands-on experience in delivering MEAL functions e.g. designing, maintenance of databases and development of tools.
- Sound understanding of and ability to apply quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, including survey design, and data entry and analysis.
- Excellent analytical skills and ability to effectively use different data analysis packages (SPSS, Excess, STATA and similar statistical packages).
- Familiarity with mobile data collection platforms such Kobo Collect, ODK or Survey CTO.
- High level of understanding and ability to critically review research/evaluation reports by independent consultants.
- Ability to communicate scientific data to communities, program staff, and partners in simple and clear manner.
- Good personal organizational skills, including time management, and ability to meet deadlines and work under pressure
- Good communication and interpersonal skills and ability to work as part of a team.
- Commitment to and understanding of Save the Children's aims, values and principles.
- Willingness to travel to field offices and work in challenging environment from time to time.
- Ability to work within a multicultural setting.
- Experience of working in a busy INGO environment.
- Ability to thrive in a fast-paced, deadline driven, high-performance environment, and meet tight deadlines and multiple demands for M&E support from a results-driven team.
How to Apply
Applicants must attach a copy of CV and cover letter with their application, and include details of their current remuneration and salary expectations through online process.
For more information, please visit Save the Children.


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We can hardly believe it, but the new year is right around the corner! And this January 1st, we won't just be diving into a new year, we'll be plunging into a brand new decade.
One of the ways we love to celebrate the new year is by taking a look at Sherwin-Williams' annual color pick—and 2020's a stunner! With a color this eye-catching, cool and soothing, we can't wait to start incorporating it into our decor.
The Sherwin-Williams 2020 Color of the Year is—wait for it—Naval SW 6244! This pick is a rich, calming navy blue that offers the perfect juxtaposition between vintage and modern. And, according to Sherwin-Williams.com, "While you may think Navy's been done before—it's never been done like this…"
Giving a nod to Art Deco influences, this color brings us back to the Roaring 20's, infusing the striking and bold opulence of the decade with the inspiring power of nature—from the infinite sky to the deep sea.
Whether you add a few accessories you paint an entire room Naval, there are so many ways to incorporate this dreamy color into your home. Plus, we'll take a look at the elements and hues that complement the color well!
One of our favorite decor trends of the past decade is Tuxedo Kitchens, which normally feature dark cabinets and bright, pristine countertops—specifically marble countertops. The reason this design choice works so well is because the dark, cool tones in Naval bring out the colors in gray-toned marbles and make the entire kitchen pop. Don't have marble countertops? No problem! Pair a Naval painted piece of furniture with a marble table top, a marble accent piece, or even marble coasters to bring about the same effect.
While Naval itself reminds us of the ocean, night skies and dark river rocks—it also pairs perfectly with other natural items like plants! Bring the outdoors in by combining Naval with a few potted plants because "The inclusion of live greenery and mineral based materials like marble, allow us to create a natural sanctuary that encourages rejuvenation in your everyday life," (via the Sherwin-Williams website).
This home is for sale here
Adding Naval throw pillows or a blanket across your bed or couch is an easy (and non-committal) way to incorporate color into your space. And if your couch happens to be a lighter color like beige, light gray or white, Naval will add a spectacular pop of color.
While we fully believe that gold goes with anything you want it to, it can be a hard color to mix into you decor because it's so bold. Naval is the perfect vibrant,yet neutral, tone that pairs nicely with warm colors like gold, brass, wood and brick.
There's no denying that Naval makes a fantastic accent color. Whether you're adding it in as a throw pillow, blanket or statement piece—it's sure to complement practically any other color in your space. Transform a thrift store side table, an inexpensive Ikea dresser, or your parents' hand-me-down bookshelf into something new with a fresh coat of Naval!
Just like Naval works wonders with gold and marble, it's also a perfect accent for your hardwood floors! Place a rug under your couch or dining room table, or add one to your entryway or bedroom. Not only will it help pull all of the colors of the room together, it will also make the space feel more intimate.
View this post on Instagram
One of the most straightforward ways to add Naval into your home is by painting an accent wall or an entire room this deep hue. Visit a Sherwin-Williams store near you to pick up your own can of Naval and all the necessary supplies for your project.
Yes, you heard us correctly. Wallpaper is back and we couldn't be more excited! Try one with an interesting pattern like this one designed by Joanna Gaines, or a unique texture like this one sold by West Elm.
This home is for sale here
If you've fallen in love with this stunning color as much as we have, why not make it the focal point of your exterior? This gorgeous home in Elkhorn features Naval painted garage doors and a painted entryway that draws guests in.
Want to see how Naval will look in your home? Use the Sherwin-Williams ColorSnap® Visualizer to virtually paint a room using any Sherwin-Williams color—including Naval! You can use their photo or upload your own to envision what this gorgeous color might look like in your home.
We may be biased, but we think there's no better place to call home than Pottawattamie County. The friendly...Read More
At the beginning of the year, wearing a face mask every day seemed strange—with many of us making our own face...Read More


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I joined Lancing in January 1943 in Ludlow and entered Second's House at Caynham Court. The school was in evacuation from its home at Lancing which had been taken over by the Navy to become HMS King Alfred. The school was spread between four, rather splendid, country houses to the south and east of Ludlow. The Headquarters and Gibbs' and Olds Houses were located at Moor Park, which had been a school and had appropriate facilities, Field's was in Overton Lodge nearby and Sanderson's enjoyed a riverside setting at Ashford Court. Second's at Caynham was the most distant at about five miles. Each house was made up of about 32 boys.
We were instantly a bicycle-based society. Moor Park had sufficient space for the whole school to assemble there for school work in the mornings, five days a week. Then we all went back to our own houses for lunch. Afternoons were mostly held under house arrangements for school work, clubs and maybe some sort of sport. Away from Moor Park sports facilities were very limited. Senior games were generally played at Ludlow Grammar School, which also made laboratory facilities available. The means of connecting all these activities was the bicycle, endlessly criss-crossing the area. For those of us at Caynham this could easily be 200 miles a week, with perhaps more for recreation at weekends
In Second's House we felt Caynham Court to be the centre of our world. Lancing College was five tedious miles away where we just went for work and then got out again. Our House Master was the dedicated E B Gordon (Gordo) who worked for us in the widest sense and far beyond the call of duty. We became semi-autonomous and fiercely self sufficient. Gordo extended great trust to us over movement and general activity. We could and did roam everywhere on our bikes. Apart from our insensitive reaction to a major air crash late in the war, we did not abuse that trust and were the stronger for it.
Then suddenly our almost surreal school world at Caynham was over. In May 1945 we were reoccupying the Lancing College of mythology that few of us had ever seen. It was a shock and gone for ever was the extraordinary freedom we had enjoyed. Our arrival was coincident with VE Day and my recollections of that are merged in the general explosive expansion of our world. We knew it was coming and the heat was already off. My father was back from the Atlantic War and was in Scotland in an appointment that took on the further training of the output of HMS King Alfred at Lancing
I had loved the little town of Ludlow that had been my home town at a time when my family didn't have a home, and I still regard it as such. I had loved its castle with its gory history, its wobbly streets and the riverside bridges. I had been in awe of the great St Laurence's Church where, with knocking knees, as a New Boy I had read the first lesson of our Christmas Festival of Lessons and Carols. I remembered De Grey's Tearooms when my Mother came, and buying my first books when I had a few shillings. I had explored endlessly the surrounding countryside of A E Houseman. I had been to Wenlock Edge and known Summertime on Breedon. I was an honorary Shropshire Lad.
But now we were back at Lancing. The buildings were almost overwhelming. The Chapel was magnetic and with the clock it soon established an order and rhythm for our lives. The school quickly resumed its corporate identity from the loose federation that it had obtained in Ludlow. The school now met collectively two or three times a day. The facilities seemed endless. From almost nothing now there was plenty. For work, sport or hobby everything was close at hand and the useable day seemed twice as long. For clubs some of us spent hours knocking down the brick blast-walls that protected the ground floor windows. For Second's House woodcutters the felling axe was succeeded by the sledge hammer as we happily bashed away with no protective clothing, but we were experienced and no one got hurt. There was much clearing up after the Navy and I had an interesting job as a gofer during the rebuilding of the organ.
The Chapel was a wonderful enigma that immediately cast its spell. I was co-opted into the choir where Jasper Rooper's enthusiasm sparked the life long love of music that is with me to this day. There were two services on weekdays and three on Sundays. It demanded much of my time and established a rhythm that was almost monastic, and I loved it. Benjamin Britten and Peter Pears were occasional visitors who helped the choir and even sang with us.
I progressed in the Corp (OTC). I helped reclaim the jungle from the full-bore rifle range in the Ladywell and joined the shooting squad. I played squash, tennis and Eton Fives, but I never excelled at team games. There was endless cross country running and my first experience of the annual five mile with its amphibious, dyke field finish There was swimming in the pool and athletics. There was even a school dance where we came face to face with --- girls! This was an essay in awkwardness. How times change.
Gordo, ever the eccentric, had a Caxton Mark I printing press installed in the southern tower of the Chapel, about sixty feet up. It must have taken divine assistance to get it there. He recruited me to fetch and carry all the supplies. Walking at night along the triforium with a winter gale rattling the temporary green glass and only a feeble torch, would have scared Quasimodo. It certainly did me. Gordo turned out such beautiful printing that the words did not matter; the printing alone was a work of art.
I soon became so involved with all my activities that I came not to miss my former freedoms quite so much The winters were evil and the heating a constant problem, but I earned the privacy of a pitt under Great School and I was happy. I enjoyed the duties that senior boys did and managed to qualify for Sandhurst. I enjoyed a unique and varied education and was well set up for life. But to this day if I hear 'Lancing' the first response that pops up in my head is Second's at Caynham Court.
06 May 2020


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| 13.4°C Belfast
French footballers Franck Ribery and Karim Benzema were held for questioning by police yesterday as part of an investigation into an alleged prostitution ring.
They were taken in by a special prostitution brigade in Paris at the request of an investigating magistrate.
The inquiry became public this year after a young woman claimed that several soccer players on France's national team paid to have sex with her when she was under age.
Zahia Dehar said the players were not aware of her age when they had sex with her.
Prostitution is legal in France, but prostitutes must be over 18- years-old, and clients are liable if they are not. The case is in the investigation stage, and no charges have been filed.
Real Madrid striker Benzema and Bayern Munich forward Ribery could face up to three years in prison and a £40,000 fine if found guilty of paying to have sex with a minor.
"It is an intentional offence: he would have to know her age, which wasn't the case," said Ribery's lawyer, Sophie Bottai.
"She would have to look minor, which wasn't the case, she would have to tell him she was minor, which wasn't the case, since all over the press she claimed that she was adult and that she was more then 20-years-old."
Despite the scandal, Ribery was called up to the national team for the World Cup in South Africa, where France did not advance past the first round following a string of poor performances.
Benzema was left off the squad, with then-coach Raymond Domenech saying it was because of his unimpressive season.
Belfast Telegraph


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Crazy Critterz
Crazy Critterz is a highly successful pun-based animal range.
Wild word-play coupled with quirky images create a range with mass-market appeal.
Now 10 years old, this range has recently enjoyed a full-makeover to bring it up-to-date with a funky and fresh new look.
Available in Everyday, Seasonal and Captions.


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"Standard lattices in hardware", Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Design Automation Conference DAC 2016, Austin, TX, USA, ACM, pp. 162, 06/2016.
"Security Challenges for Hardware Designers of Mobile Systems", 2015 Mobile Systems Technologies Workshop (MST), May, 2015.


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To reduce the signs of fatigue. Energizer Total is enriched with revitalising complex and powerful active moisturizing agents. Your skin is awakened. It feels revitalised and more resistant. Apply morning and evening on a freshly cleansed face. Can be used after shaving. All skin types, even sensitive.


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Is Your Breast Milk Making Your Baby Fat?
A new study reveals that one subset of mothers could be making their babies fatter than normal with their breast milk.
According to a news release from scientists at the Imperial College London, babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes are significantly fatter two months after birth than those born from mothers without gestational diabetes. This news is in light of related studies that suggest how to predict if your baby will become obese and two ways a mother can protect her child from a life of obesity.
These results, recently published in the journal Diabetes Care, revealed a surprising finding that although babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes were not different in body fat content at time of birth; did however, gain 16 per cent more body fat compared to babies born to healthy mothers by the time they reached age two months. The release notes that most of the babies in the study were breast-fed.
This research is focused on if and how gestational diabetes—a medical condition trending among pregnant women—may be adversely affecting babies in some way. According to the news release Gestational diabetes affects around one in 20 pregnant women in the UK (and nearly one in ten in the US) and results in a woman's blood sugar levels becoming too high.
"Gestational diabetes is becoming more and more common, and babies born to these mothers are at increased risk of developing diabetes when they grow up. Therefore we need to understand what effects maternal diabetes has on the baby," states Dr. Karen Logan, the first author of the published study. "This new study suggests diabetes in the mother can trigger changes in the baby at a very early stage."
The study involved researchers using MRI technology to scan 42 babies whose mothers were diagnosed with gestational diabetes, and an additional 44 babies as a control group who were born to mothers without gestational diabetes. The scans are an accurate and non-invasive way to accurately determine body fat development in newborns.
Currently, the researchers are at a loss of identifying exactly the cause of this phenomenon, but speculate that it could be due to:
• Changes in the baby's metabolism while in the womb
• Changes in the baby that trigger increased fat storage once born
• Differences in the control of appetite in the baby
However, an additional interesting possibility is an alteration in the breast milk of mothers who have or had gestational diabetes.
According to the paper's senior author, Professor Neena Modi, from the Department of Medicine at Imperial, "The majority of babies in our study were breast fed, and previous studies have suggested that diabetes may cause changes in breast milk―so that it contains more sugar, fat or different levels of compounds that control appetite, called hunger hormones."
The researchers plan to begin a new study analyzing the composition of breast milk from mothers with gestational diabetes to determine whether this could explain why babies born from mothers with gestational diabetes gained 16% more body fat within two months following birth.
"Development of Early Adiposity in Infants of Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus" Diabetes Care, May 2016; Karen M. Logan et al.
Imperial College London news release "Scans reveal babies of mothers with gestational diabetes have more body fat."
Image courtesy of Pixabay


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: Digital Photography FAQs (): Jeff Wignall: Books. If you?ve ever asked a question concerning digital photography and four decades of photo experience under his belt, author Jeff Wignall. Expert answers to digital photography questions. Improve your photography with input from an expert! Jeff Wignall answers basic questions about.
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Mskychick rated it really liked it Jun 01, April Stary-Gannon added it May 21, On The Verge of Photography: All pages are intact, and the cover is intact. Shopbop Designer Fashion Brands.
Showing photogtaphy 26 reviews. Having a visual reference certainly makes a concept easier to understand.
The pictures were colourful and inspiring Do more megapixels equate to better photo quality? See details for description of any imperfections.
Nov 06, Teena in Toronto rated it liked it. When read on an e-book, the links come in handy, and prevent muscle strain from flipping too many pages before reaching the desired page.
Digital Photography FAQs
Read More, Spend Less. Digital Photography and Shifting Conditions of Embodiment. Digital Photography and Picture Sharing: Best Selling in Nonfiction See all. Boasts a colorful yet simple design that helps you find exactly the information you're looking for Illustrates each answer with one or more photos Eliminates any ambiguity by providing you with authoritative answers along with clear illustrations"Digital Photography FAQz" is a well-organized guide, featuring answers to questions that you haven't even thought of yet.
I read this online and bought a hard copy for reference. I'm still an amateur and like reading photography books to see what professionals take pictures of and how they do it.
Digital Photography FAQs by Jeff Wignall (2012, Paperback)
Jeff Wignall is an expert photographer and author of numerous bestselling books on photography, including Exposure Photo Workshopalso published by Wiley. Jen Magtibay marked it as to-read Nov 13, This book had four parts: If you want to go to a particular subject, you will have to sort though all the questions until you find one that seems to be related to that subject.
There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Why is there a delay after I push the shutter release photogfaphy before I can take another picture?
Sign in to use this feature. I think this book would be better suited to a print edition.
Straightforward, clear answers to the most commonly asked digital photography questions What's the difference between optical zoom and digital zoom? Useful and informative book which answers your most common and unthinkable questions about photography! Using more than 35 years of photo experience, Jeff Wignall responds to each question with informative, practical replies that eliminate ambiguity and instead provide straightforward and authoritative answers.
I was hoping this book would shed a lot of light on the many questions I have. I have three cameras The Social Ontology of the Photographic Image. Digital Photography FAQz is a well-organized guide, featuring answers to questions that you haven? The full-color format helps you see what he's talking about. The author writes that the subjects, "are delivered in no particular wignalll, so if you're a flip-through-the -pages kind of reader like me, the format of this book will appeal to you".
Marcus rated it really liked it Jan 29, Mark Datodi – unknown.
Digital Photography FAQs – Jeff Wignall – Google Books
Want to Read Currently Reading Read. This item may be a floor model or store return that has been used. Amazon Renewed Refurbished products with a warranty. Jeff Wignall provided photographs as an example to make the answer more effective, and demonstrate the reader how to compose a certain image, depending on the question asked.


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other proclamations throughout his kingdom. Underneath is the tenor of the one which he sent to the bailiff of Amiens.
" Charles, by the grace of God, king of France, to the bailiff of Amiens, or to his lieutenant, sends health. It has lately come to our knowledge, by informations laid before our council, that John our uncle of Berry, Charles our nephew, duke of Orleans, and his brothers, with John de Bourbon, John d'Alençon, Charles d'Albreth, our cousin Bernard d'Armagnac, in conjunction with others, their aiders and abettors, moved by the wicked and damnable instigations of their own minds, have for a long time plotted to depose and deprive us of our royal authority, and with their utmost power to destroy our whole family, which God forbid ! and to place another king on the throne of France, which is most abominable to the hearing of every heart in the breasts of our loyal subjects. We, therefore, by the mature deliberation of our council, do most solemnly, in this public manner, divulge these abominable and traitorous intentions of the aforesaid persons, and earnestly do call for the assistance of all our loyal subjects, as well those bound to serve us by the tenure of their fiefs as the inhabitants of all our towns, who have been accustomed to bear arms, to guard and defend our rights and lives against the traitors, aforesaid, who have now too nearly approached our person, inasmuch as they have entered by force our town of St. Denis, which contains not only many holy relics of the saints but the sacred bodies of saints, our crown and royal standard, known by the name of the Oriflamme, with several other precious and rare jewels. They have also gained forcible possession of the bridge of St. Cloud, and have invaded our rights, (not to say anything of our very dear and well-beloved cousin, the duke of Burgundy, to whom they have sent letters of defiance,, by setting fire to and despoiling our towns and villages, robbing churches, ransoming or killing our people, forcing married women, and ravishing maidens, and committing every mischief which the bitterest enemy could do. We therefore do enjoin and command thee, under pain of incurring our heaviest displeasure, that thou instantly cause this present ordinance to be proclaimed in the usual places in the town of Amiens, and in different parts within thy said bailiwick, so that no one may plead ignorance; and that thou do punish corporally, and by confiscation of property, the aforesaid persons, their allies and confederates, whom thou mayest lay hands on, as guilty of the highest treason against our person and crown, that by so doing an example may be held forth to all others. We also command, under the penalty aforesaid, all our vassals, and all those in general who are accustomed to carry arms, to repair to us as soon as possible. Be careful to have the within ordinances strictly executed, so that we may not have cause to be displeased with thee.
"Given at Paris, the 14th day of October, 1411, and in the 32nd year of our reign."
This ordinance was signed by the king, on the report of his council, and thus dispatched to Amiens and other good towns, where it was proclaimed in the usual places, and with such effect on the vassals and loyal subjects of the king that they hastened in prodigious numbers to serve him. On the other hand, very many of those who were of the Orleans party were arrested in divers parts of the realm,—some of whom were executed, and others confined in prison, or ransomed, as if they had been public enemies. It was pitiful to hear the many and grievous complaints which were made by the people of their sufferings, more especially by those in the neighbourhood of Paris and in the isle of France.
I must not forget, among other circumstances, to relate, that the Parisians, to the amount of three thousand, as well those of the garrison as others, sallied out of Paris, and went to the palace of Winchester (Bicêtre), a very handsome mansion of the duke of Berry, where, from hatred to the duke, they destroyed and plundered the whole, leaving the walls only standing. When they had done this, they went and destroyed another house, where the duke kept his horses, situated on the river Seine, not far from the hôtel de Nesle. The duke was much enraged when he was told of the insult and mischief that had been done to him, and said aloud, that a time would come when these Parisians should pay dearly for it.
Affairs daily grew worse ; and at length, the duke of Berry, the duke of Orleans, and his brothers, the duke of Bourbon, the counts d'Alençon and d'Armagnac, the lord d'Albreth, were personally banished the realm by the king, with all their adherents, of whatever rank they might be, by sound of trumpet in all the squares of Paris, and forbidden to remain or set foot within it until they should be recalled. They were not only banished the kingdom of France, but, by virtue of a bull of pope Urban V. of happy memory, (preserved in the Trésor des Chartres of the king's privileges in the holy chapel at Paris), they were publicly excommunicated and anathematised in all the churches of the city of Paris, by bell, book,
and candle. Many of their party were much troubled at these sentences, but, nevertheless, continued the same conduct, and made a more bitter war than before.
I have mentioned, that during the stay of the duke of Burgundy at Pontoise, he received great reinforcements of men-at-arms from all parts : among others, the count de Penthievre, his son-in-law, joined him with a noble company. Having remained there for about fifteen days, and made diligent inquiry into the state of his adversaries, on the 22d day of October, he marched his whole army thence about two o'clock in the afternoon. As the royal road from that place to Paris was occupied by the enemy, he quitted it for that through Melun sur Seine, where he crossed the river with full fifteen thousand horse, and, marching all night, arrived, on the morrow morning, at the gate of St. Jacques at Paris. Great multitudes went out of the town to meet him ; among whom were the butchers of Paris, well armed and arrayed, conducted by the provosts of the Châtelet and of the merchants, under the command of the count de Nevers, brother to the duke of Burgundy, who was attended by several princes, noble lords, and captains : even the great council of state went out upwards of a league to meet him, and to do him honour. Indeed, they all showed him as much deference and respect as they could have done to the king of France, on his return from a long journey. With regard to the people of Paris, they made great rejoicings on his arrival, and sang carols in all the streets through which he passed ; and because his entry was made late in the day, and it was dusk, the streets were illuminated with great quantities of torches, bonfires, and lanthorns.
On his approach to the Louvre, the duke of Aquitaine, who had married his daughter, advanced to meet him, and received him with joy and respect. He led him into the Louvre, and presented him to the king and queen, who received him most graciously. Having paid his due respects, he withdrew, and went to lodge at the hôtel de Bourbon. The earl of Arundel was quartered, with his attendants, at the priory of St. Martin des Champs, and his Englishmen near to him in the adjoining houses. The rest quartered themselves as well as they could in the city.
On the morrow, which was a Sunday, Enguerrand de Bournouville, with many valiant men-at-arms and archers, as well Picards as English, made a sally as far as La Chapelle, which the Armagnacs had fortified, and quartered themselves within it. On seeing their adversaries advancing, they mounted their horses, and a sharp skirmish ensued, in which many were unhorsed. Among those who behaved well, sir Enguerrand was pre-eminent. Near his side was John of Luxembourg, nephew to the count de St. Pol, but very young. Many were wounded, but few killed. The English, with their bows and arrows, were very active in this affair. While this action was fought, the Armagnacs quartered at St. Denis, Montmartre, and other villages, hearing the bustle, mounted their horses, and hastened to cut off the retreat of Enguerrand. He was informed of this in time, and, collecting his men, retreated towards Paris; but as the enemy were superior in numbers, they pressed hard on his rear, and killed and made prisoners several of his men.
The duke of Orleans and the princes of his party, on hearing of the arrival of the duke of Burgundy with so large an army in Paris, ordered their men-at-arms, and others that were lodged in the villages round, to unite and quarter themselves at St. Denis. To provide forage, sir Clugnet de Brabant was sent with a body of men-at-arms into the Valois and Soissonois, where there was abundance. Sir Clugnet acquitted himself well of his command, and brought a sufficient quantity to St. Denis; for at this time there was great plenty of corn and other provision in France. The Armagnacs were, therefore, well supplied; and as they were the strongest on that side of Paris, they daily made excursions of different parties as far as the rivers Marne and Oise, and throughout the isle of France. In like manner, the army of the king and the duke of Burgundy scoured the country on the other side of the Seine, as far as Montlehery, Meulan, and Corbeil ; and thus was the noble kingdom of France torn to pieces There were frequent and severe rencounters between the men-at-arms of each side; and a continued skirmish was going forward between those in Paris and in St. Denis, when the honour of the day was alternately won.
Among other places where these skirmishes took place was a mill, situated on an eminence, and of some strength. In this mill, two or three hundred of the Orleans party sometimes posted themselves, when the Parisians and Burgundians made an attack on them, which lasted even until night forced them to retreat.-At other times, the Burgundians posted themselves in the mill, to wait for the assault of their adversaries. The duke of Orleans had with him an English knight, called the lord de Clifford, who had, some time before, joined him with one hundred men-at-arms and two hundred archers, from the country of the Bourdelois. Having heard that the king of England had sent the earl of Arundel, with several other lords, to the duke of Burgundy, he waited on the duke of Orleans to request that he would permit him to depart, for that he was afraid his sovereign would be displeased with him should he remain any longer. The duke of Orleans having for a while considered his request, granted it, but on condition that neither he himself nor his men should bear arms against him during the war. The knight made him this promise, and then returned to England.
On the 6th day of November, Troullart de Moncaurel, governor and bailiff of Senlis, having marched about six score combatants of his garrison to the country of Valois, was met by seven score of the Armagnacs, who vigorously attacked him; but, after many gallant deeds were done, Troullart remained victorious. From sixty to eighty of the Armagnacs were taken or slain ; and among the prisoners was sir William de Saveuse, who had followed the Orleans party, when his two brothers, Hector and Philip, were in arms with the duke of Burgundy. Thus, in this abominable warfare, were brothers engaged against brothers, and sons against fathers. After this defeat, Troullart de Moncaurel and Peter Quieriet, who had accompanied him, returned with their booty to Senlis, when, shortly after, by the exertions of the old lord de Saveuse and the two brothers, Hector and Philip, sir William obtained his liberty.
TO ST. CLOUD, AGAINST THE ARMAGNACS. The duke of Burgundy having remained some time at Paris with his army, and having held many councils with the princes and captains who were there, marched out of the town about midnight, on the 9th of November, by the gate of St. Jacques. He was magnificently accompanied by men-at-arms and Parisians, among whom were the counts de Nevers, de la Marche, de Vaudemont, de Penthievre, de St. Pol, the earl of Arundel, Boucicaut marshal of France, the lord de Vergy marshal of Burgundy, the lord de Heilly, lately appointed marshal of Aquitaine, the lord de St. George, sir Jolin de Croy, Enguerrand de Bournouville, the lord de Fosseux, sir Regnier Pot governor of Dauphiny, the seneschal of Hainault sir John de Guistelle, the lord de Brimeu, the earl of Kent, an Englishman, with many other nobles, as well from Burgundy as from Picardy and different countries. They were estimated by good judges at six thousand combatants, all accustomed to war, and four thousand infantry from the town of Paris. When they had passed the suburbs, they advanced in good array, under the direction of trusty guides, to within half a league of St. Cloud, where the Armagpacs were quartered. It might be about eight o'clock in the morning when they came thither, and the weather was very cold and frosty. Being thus arrived without the enemy knowing of it, the duke of Burgundy sent the marshal of Burgundy, sir Gaultier des Ruppes, sir Guy de la Tremouille, and le veau de Bar, with eight hundred men-at-arms, and four hundred archers, across the Seine, towards St. Denis, to prevent the enemy from there crossing the river by a new bridge which they had erected over it. These lords so well executed the above orders that they broke down part of the bridge, and defended the passage.
The duke, in the mean time, ascended the hill of St. Cloud in order of battle, and at the spot where four roads met posted the seneschal of Hainault, sir John de Guistelle, the lord de Brimeu, John Phillips and John Potter *, English captains, at one of them, with about four hundred knights and esquires, and as many archers. At another road, he stationed the lords de Heilly and de Ront, Enguerrand de Bournouville, and Aymé de Vitry, with as many men as the knights above-mentioned. The third road was guarded by Neville earl of Kentt, with some Picard captains; and the Parisians and others, to a great amount, were ordered to Sevres, to defend that road. When these four divisions had arrived at their posts, they made together a general assault on the town of St. Cloud, which the Armagnacs had fortified with ditches and barriers to the utmost of their power. At these barriers, a notable defence was made by those who had heard of the arrival of the enemy, under the command of their captains, namely, sir James de Plachiel, governor of Angoulême, the lord de Cambour, William Batillier, sir Mansart du Bos, the bastard Jacob, knight, and three other knights from Gascony, who fought bravely for some time; but the superiority of numbers, who attacked them vigorously on all sides, forced them to retreat from their outworks, when they were pursued, fighting, however, as they retreated, to the tower of the bridge and the church, which had been fortified. The whole of the Burgundian force which had been ordered on this duty, excepting the Called William Porter by Stowe.
this conjecture somewhat confirmed by the original, which t: Q. If this is not Umfreville earl of Angus and Kyme is, "Ousieville comte de Kam.' It is true, that Holin(as Stowe calls him)? There was at this period no Neville shed mentions the earls of Pembroke and of Kent as being carl of Kent. The only carl of Kont of that family was of the expedition : but he cites Monstrelet as his authority, William Nevil lord Falconbridge, created 1461. Í find and is therefore likely to be mistaken.
party who guarded the passage of the bridge, now bent all their efforts against the church. The attack was there renewed with greater vigour than before, and, notwithstanding the gallant defence that was made, the church was stormed, and many were slain in the church as well as at the barriers. Numbers also were drowned of the crowd that was pressing to re-enter the tower of the bridge, by the draw-bridge breaking under their weight. It was judged by those well acquainted with the loss of the Armagnacs, that including the drowned, there were nine hundred killed and five hundred prisoners. Among these last were sir Mansart du Bos, the lord de Cambour, and William Batillier. In the town of St. Cloud were found from twelve to sixteen hundred horses that had been gained by plunder, and a variety of other things.
While this was passing, the duke of Burgundy was with the main army drawn up in battle-array, on a plain above the town : he had with him the greater part of the princes, and his scouts were everywhere on the look-out that the enemy might not surprise him by any unexpected attack. The engagement at the tower of the bridge was still continued by the Burgundians, in the hope of taking it; but it was labour in vain, for those within defended it manfully. Some of the garrison sallied out on the opposite side, and hastened to St. Denis, to inform the duke of Orleans of the disaster that had befallen them. He was sorely displeased thereat, and instantly mounted his horse, accompanied by the duke of Bourbon, the counts d'Alençon and d'Armagnac, the constable, the master of the cross-bows, the young Boucicaut, and about two thousand combatants, advanced toward St. Cloud, and drow up in battle-array on the side of the river Seine, opposite to where the duke of Burgundy was posted, and made every preparation as if for an immediate combat. The duke of Burgundy and his men likewise dismounted, drew up in order of battle, and displayed his banner, which was most rich and splendid. But notwithstanding the eager desire which these princes showed for the combat, it was to no purpose.—for the river was between them, so that no damage could accrue to either party, excepting by some chance bolts from the cross-bows, who shot at random.
When the Armagnacs had remained there for some time, seeing that nothing effectual could be done, they remounted their horses and returned to St. Denis, leaving, however, a reinforcement to defend the tower of St. Cloud. On their departure, the duke of Burgundy held a council, and it was determined to march the whole army back to Paris. The duke lost this day, in slain, not more than from sixteen to twenty ; but there were many wounded, among whom were Enguerrand de Bournouville and Aymé de Vitry, who had fought well, as did the lord of Heilly. In like manner, the earl of Arundel and his men behaved gallantly; and it was one of them who had made sir Mansart du Bos prisoner, but for a sum of money he resigned him to one of the king's officers. The duke of Burgundy, on his return, was received by the Parisians with great acclamations ; for they had heard of his brilliant success, and they imagined that through his means they should shortly be delivered from their enemies, who oppressed them sorely. With regard to the king, the duke of Aquitaine, and the members of the grand council, prelates as well as seculars, the reception which they gave him, the princes and the captains of his army, is not to be described.
The duke of Orleans, learning that the duke of Burgundy had returned to Paris with his army, held a council with the heads of his party, when, having considered the severe loss they had suffered of the most expert of their captains, and the great power and numbers of their opponents, whom they could not at this moment withstand with hopes of success, they resolved to retire to their own countries, and collect a sufficient army to oppose any force the king and the duke of Burgundy should bring against them. This was no sooner determined than executed ; for they instantly packed up their baggage, and, crossing the newlyerected bridge over the Seine, which they had repaired, and the bridge of St. Cloud, hastily marched all night toward Estampes, and then continued their route to Orleans, and to other towns and castles under their obedience. Thus, therefore, the duke of Orleans, in seeking vengeance for the death of his father, gained only disgrace and great loss of men. Such of them as were slain in the field, at the battle of St. Cloud, were there inhumanly left without sepulture, as being excommunicated, a prey to dogs, birds, and wild beasts. Some lords of his party, such as sir Clugnet de Brabant, sir Aymé de Sarrebruche, the lord de Hufalize,


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April 11, 2015 | Special Report
Fan Blast Bovi For Calling Asari Dokubo Kindred
Nigeria's top comedian, Bovi, has caused some kind of unfavourable concerns after posting a picture of himself and Niger-Delta war lord, Asari Dokubo posing at the certain place. The funnyman was all smiles for the camera and his fans are entirely happy with him.
Bovi drew the ire of fans when he captioned the picture, 'Kindred'. His fans have been asking the comedian series of questions as to why he would feel free to pose with the warlord.
Bovi's picture which he posted today has many people asking how he would pose with a lover of war. Others describing him as a man of peace and laughter, the comedian is been asked to disassociate himself from Dokubo.


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