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₹1,610 – ₹5,840
Ghutno ka dard is a common problem. Aging individuals are seen complaining about this commonly. Obesity and people involved in strenuous lifestyles or heavy jobs are also common victims.
Even those who are in sitting jobs or lead a sedentary lifestyle have complaints about their knees. Ghutna or knee is one of the strongest joints of the body.
But even this joint wears down and becomes stiff due to the effects of internal and external stressors. Weaknesses in bones, muscles, and ligaments are common internal causes of pain in knees (ghutno ka dard).
Conditions like arthritis, osteoporosis, thyroid problems, anemia, and bone disorders also cause severe debility in organs to bring pain in knees. Injuries, overuse, fractures, sprain, myalgia and foot disorders are external causes of knee pain.
Knee pain Ayurvedic treatment is the most effective and highly beneficial method to treat painful knees.
Painful knees can restrict movement and affect the working efficiency of a person. These even cause difficulty in sitting and getting up and even lead to low back pain in many cases.
Herbal remedies knee pain relieve the symptoms and promote movement. If the pain is due to any progressive disorder like arthritis it can lead to immobility and deformity of the knee joint.
Knee pain Ayurvedic treatment not only promotes movement but checks and treats damages caused by progressive disorders.
It not only provides comfort but on regular use improves the performance of knee joint and entire musculoskeletal system. Herbal remedies for knee pain improve range of motion and increase weight-bearing capacities.
These can bring back joint in pristine health from any stage and work for people of all ages. These can reverse ill-effects of aging, nutritional deficiencies, poor health and disorders of arthritis and others.
People suffering from other medical conditions or lifestyle-related issues also gain optimum range of motion and painless movement of the knee.
Orthoxil Plus capsules are wonderful herbal remedies for knee pain. These pills come with nutritive herbs that nourish organs like bones, ligaments, tendons, and muscles to maintain movement.
These also repair damaged organs and bring back in a normal state. Positive effects of herbal ingredients maintain an optimum range of joint motion and cure lethargy and weaknesses to keep a person agile.
These herbal remedies for knee pain relieve discomfort and diffuse swelling in a short time. These allow a person to move knees and perform daily activities.
The powerful herbs present in these pills even relieve arthritic pain and stiffness and alleviate other disorders like osteoporosis.
Knee pain Ayurvedic treatment heals and improves the entire musculoskeletal system and improves the physical strength and agility of a person.
Orthoxil Plus capsules come with a perfect blend of Ashwagandha, Guggul, Asthisanghar, Rasna, Nirgundi, Harad, Nag Kesar, and Akarkara herbs.
These herbs are nutritive and supplement a wide range of minerals, vitamins, and enzymes to fulfill the nutritional requirements of the body.
Herbs like Ashwagandha improve the metabolism and circulation of nutrition and generate tissues at a faster pace by promoting hormonal balance.
This herb also prevents damage to tissues by harmful hormones and rejuvenates the entire musculoskeletal system. Asthisanghar is another herb that is prolific in its effects and improves bone density and flexibility.
This herb enhances muscular functions and improves the endurance of the entire musculoskeletal system. Even in aging individuals it brings much-improved strength and flexibility in skeleton and joints.
Guggul is a herb with multiple benefits. It is anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic which makes it one of the effective herbal remedies for knee pain.
It is also a metabolism enhancer and maintains a regular flow of energy towards joint organs. There are other pain-relieving and cleansing herbs in Orthoxil plus capsules which make it a holistic knee pain Ayurvedic treatment.
A person gets relief from pain occurring due to overuse, trauma, jerk or disorders like arthritis and gains much improved joint functions in a short time.
The use of Orthoxil Plus oil along with these pills brings faster and better results. The topical application of oil is very soothing for painful knees and diffuses internal inflammation.
It promotes movement and speeds-up the healing process. Regular application of oil along with pills maintains a healthy flow of blood.
A higher flow of blood increases nutritional supply and nerve functions. It energizes joint organs and provides a higher range of joint motion.
Orthoxil Plus capsules and oil in combination rebuild bones, strengthen muscles and ligaments and repair damaged cartilages to provide stronger joints including the knee.
These relieve pain and stiffness and reverse the condition to make a person fitter and stronger. One should use these for at least 3 to 4 months on a regular basis for maximum benefits.
Herbs need some time to reverse the damages caused by aging or disorders completely. These are harmless and can be used without any prescription.
Prone individuals can use these as protective remedies without any worries and stay out of trouble. These work for men and women equally efficiently and can be used with any on-going treatment as well.
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Niger: Militants killed in clashes with security forces in Tillaberi region April 2
Militants and security forces killed during clashes in Tillaberi region on April 2; further unrest expected in near term
On Thursday, April 2, some 63 jihadists were killed amid clashes with security forces in the Tillaberi region near the Malian border. Four Nigerien soldiers were also reportedly killed in the fighting, which lasted several hours until the group of remaining militants were forced to flee. The army recovered dozens of weapons and motorcycles from the attackers following the clashes.
A heightened security presence is expected in the area over the coming days.
More than 170 soldiers have been killed in Niger in several attacks since December 2019, largely in the Sahel region of the country.
Individuals in the Tillaberi region are advised to monitor developments to the situation, remain vigilant for militant activity, and adhere to all instructions issued by the local authorities and their home governments.The security environment in Niger remains complex and professional security advice and support should be sought prior to travel.
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Europe's top clubs always have their ear to the ground in pursuit of unearthing the latest gem, and the latest youngster to have caught the eye is a 13 year-old Swedish striker, of Somali and Italian-Greek parentage.
His name is Jamaal Raage and, despite his tender age, the player has dazzled while coming up through the ranks of his local team, Brommapojkarna, a small club in the Stockholm area. Dubbed "the new Zlatan Ibrahimovic", Raage can play as a lone front man or in a supporting role, and is being heralded as the future of Swedish football.
No pressure.
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Main card page: "Gussari @Ignister"
|This card's written lore in the Japanese has not yet been transcribed; if you are able to read Japanese, please help out by adding an accurate Japanese lore from this image to this page. The current Japanese lore listed here is only a reconstruction and may not be fully correct.
Gussari @Ignister
- Japanese: グッサリ@イグニスター
- Kana: グッサリアットイグニスター
- Romaji: Gussari Atto Igunisutā
When a Link Monster is destroyed by battle: You can Special Summon this card from your hand in Defense Position. When your Link Monster linked to this card destroys an opponent's monster by battle: You can inflict damage to your opponent equal to the ATK of that monster you control. During damage calculation, if your "@Ignister" Link Monster battles an opponent's monster (Quick Effect): You can banish this card from your GY; each battling monster's ATK becomes 3000 during that damage calculation only, also you can Special Summon 1 "@Ignister" Link Monster from your GY with a lower Link Rating than your Link Monster at the end of the Damage Step. You can only use each effect of "Gussari @Ignister" once per turn.
Anime cards (Galleries: VRAINS)
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- Stat changes
- Changes ATK value
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- Banishes itself from Graveyard for cost
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Race : White
Marital Status : Single
Smoking : No
Drinks : Social Drinker
Drugs : Never


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The Nevada State Railroad Museum, located in Carson City, Nevada, preserves the railroad heritage of Nevada, including locomotives and cars of the famous Virginia and Truckee Railroad. Much of the museum equipment was obtained from Hollywood studios, where they were often featured in movies and television. The museum is operated by the Nevada Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs.Download Download See more
Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada_State_Railroad_Museum
Official website http://museums.nevadaculture.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=412&Itemid=440
Phone +1 775 687 6953
Address 2180 South Carson Street, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
Coordinates 39°8'54.947" N -119°46'5.878" E


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Fibroadenoma (FA) and phyllodes tumor (PT) are stromal tumors of breast and are histologically similar. There are no established differences in tumorigenesis and oncogene expression among them. Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) plays an important role in cell growth and cell-cycle control, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an important factor in breast tumor progression and prognosis, and WEE1 homolog (WEE1) functions as a tumor suppressor. No studies on the expressional differences of these proteins in FA and PT have been reported to date.
The expression of these proteins in FA, PT, and normal breast was compared. We used 102 cases of FA and 25 cases of benign PT.
In epithelial cells, the expression of RHEB, HDAC1, and WEE1 was lowest in PT, higher in FA, and most enhanced in normal breast. In addition, the expression of RHEB and HDAC1 was higher in the stromal cells of PT than in FA and normal breast.
Both epithelial and stromal cells of FA and PT express these proteins, which indicates that epithelial cells play an important role in the development of stromal tumors. In addition, the expressional differences of these proteins may be associated with the tumorigenesis of breast stromal tumors.
Fibroadenoma (FA) and phyllodes tumor (PT) are common stromal tumors in the female breast that originate from the intralobular stroma.1,2 PT occurs approximately 10-20 years after the occurrence of FA. Because the recurrence rates for PT are higher than those of FA, it is classified as a borderline malignant tumor.3 Although PT is a type of breast stromal tumor, it is often difficult to distinguish it from FA because these tumors are histologically similar. In previous research, we applied a cDNA microarray method and reported that Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and WEE1 homolog (WEE1) are expressed at a two-fold higher level in FA than in normal breast tissues.4 RHEB is associated with tuberous sclerosis, a human genetic disease, and RHEB plays an important role in cell growth and cell-cycle control.5,6 HDAC1 is associated with the expression and function of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), and it has been considered an important factor in breast tumor progression, cell proliferation, invasiveness, and prognosis.7-10 WEE1 functions as a potent tumor suppressor.11 Although numerous genetic studies of breast cancer have been published, few have specifically addressed the genes expressed in these stromal tumors and no studies have reported differences in the expression of these proteins in FA and PT.4,12 Therefore, this study aimed to examine the expression of the RHEB, HDAC1, and WEE1 proteins and to compare the differences in their expression in FA and PT.
This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University Wonju Christian Hospital (CR107064). The sample consisted of 102 cases of FA and 25 cases of PT; 20 samples of normal breast tissue were used as normal controls. For all cases, we used formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples that were surgically resected and pathologically diagnosed at Yonsei University Wonju Christian Hospital from 1998 to 2007. All diagnoses were confirmed by two expert pathologists examining hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides.
Tissue microarray (TMA) block preparation
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from subjects. Using H&E-stained slides, a representative tumor site was chosen and the site corresponding to the confirmed tumor site in the paraffin block was marked. Areas with necrosis, hemorrhage, and artifacts were excluded. The selected tumor area was harvested using a 5 mm Quick-ray tip-punch (Unitma, Seoul, Korea), placed on a TMA mold with 20 pores (Unitma), and re-embedded with paraffin. TMA blocks were prepared as 4-µm-thick sections and were stained with the H&E staining method. The tissues were then examined to determine whether the appropriate tumor site had been selected.
Staining methods
TMA blocks were prepared as 5-µm-thick sections and were attached to silane-coated glass slides. The samples were deparaffinized with xylene in a 50℃ dry oven and hydrated with a graded ethanol series. The slides were washed with tap water and immersed in distilled water. For antigen retrieval, the PT module (Lab Vision, Fremont, CA, USA) was used (heated at 99℃ for 15 minutes, cooled to 65℃ for 20-25 minutes for stabilization, and subsequently washed with running tap water). The slides were immersed in distilled water, and tissues were marked with a marking pen. To remove endogenous hydroxyperoxidase activity, the samples were pretreated with hydrogen peroxide block (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Fremont, CA, USA) for 10 minutes and washed with Tris buffered saline plus Tween 20 (TBS-T; ScyTek Laboratories, West Logan, UT, USA). Primary antibodies were pretreated with Ultra V Block (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 5 minutes, applied, and incubated for 2 hours. The applied primary antibodies were RHEB (GenWay, San Diego, CA, USA), HDAC1 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and WEE1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) in dilutions of 1:200, 1:500, and 1:25, respectively. The samples were washed with TBS-T buffer, treated with primary antibody enhancer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 20 minutes, and washed again with TBS-T buffer. The samples were then treated with horseradish peroxidase polymer secondary antibody (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for 30 minutes, washed with TBS-T buffer, and incubated with 3-amino-9-ethylcarazole (AEC; Lab Vision) for 5-10 minutes. After washing with distilled water, background staining was performed with Mayor's hematoxylin. Then, slides were immersed in distilled water and mounted using Shandon Immu-Mount (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Normal brain tissue for RHEB, normal tonsil tissue for HDAC1, and normal nasopharyngeal mucosa tissue for WEE1 were used for positive controls, according to the manufacturer's recommendation. In addition, negative control stains without primary antibodies were also performed (Fig. 1A-C).
Evaluation method
Tumor cells showing nuclei or cytoplasm stained with brown color under light microscopy were considered positive. Epithelial and stromal cells were separately scored. Cells were scored broadly, according to the staining intensity and the distribution of stained cells. Staining intensities were scored as follows: absence of stain, 0 point; weak staining intensity, 1 point; moderate staining, 2 points; and strong staining, 3 points. The distribution of stained cells (dependent upon the percentage of stained tumor cells) was scored as follows: 0%, 0 point; less than 25%, 1 point; between 25 and 50%, 2 points; and more than 50%, 3 points. The final staining score was obtained by adding the scores of staining intensity and distribution score of stained cells. A score from 0 to 2 points was considered negative and scores ranging from 3 to 6 points were considered positive.13
Statistical analysis
The statistics program SPSS ver. 13.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used. By applying the χ2 test, the expressions of RHEB, HDAC1, and WEE1 in both epithelial cells and stromal cells were separately compared. Using a one-way analysis of variance test and an independent t-test, the mean scores of RHEB, HDAC1, and WEE1 were compared separately in both epithelial cells and stromal cells. Results with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Clinicopathological findings
The FA cases (total of 102) included all typical types, and were characterized as epithelial or stromal cells. However, in some of the FA cases, the tumors were accompanied by normal breast parenchyma or fibrocystic changes. The mean age of the FA patients was 35.54±9.29 years and the mean FA tumor size was 2.35±0.88 cm. There were 25 PT cases, distinguished by typical leaf-like growth patterns and stromal hypercellularity. All cases of PT were benign. The mean age of PT patients was 40.08±12.95 years and the mean PT tumor size was 6.24±3.21 cm. The mean mitotic count of PT was 0.44±0.58/10 high-power fields. There was no tumor recurrence or metastasis after excision on clinical record for any of the PT cases.
The nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial, myoepithelial, and stromal cells were stained with RHEB (Fig. 1D-F). In epithelial cells, 20 normal breast samples (100.0%), 102 cases of FA (100.0%), and 23 cases of PT (92.0%) stained positive for RHEB. The expression frequency of RHEB was significantly lower in PT than in normal breast tissue and FA (p=0.028). The mean score for RHEB was the highest in FA (5.28±0.76 points) and the lowest in normal breast (4.60±0.68 points); the PT score was intermediate (5.00±1.19 points). Comparing FA and PT, the mean RHEB score was significantly lower in PT than in FA (p=0.003) (Table 1). With regard to stromal cells, 18 normal breast samples (90.0%), 99 FA samples (97.1%), and 25 PT samples (100.0%) were positive for RHEB, and the frequencies were similar. However, the mean scores for RHEB were significantly different: 2.20±1.44 points for normal breast tissue, 2.65±1.23 points for FA, and 5.60±0.82 points for PT (p=0.000) (Table 2).
The nuclei of epithelial cells and stromal cells stained for HDAC1, whereas myoepithelial cells were negative for the protein (Fig. 1G-I). With regard to epithelial cells, HDAC1 was positive in all 20 normal breast tissue cases (100.0%), 88 cases of FA (86.3%), and 16 cases of PT (64.0%), with significant differences among the three groups (p=0.001). In addition, the mean score for HDAC1 was 5.00±1.12 points in normal breast tissue, 4.49±1.39 points in FA, and 3.64±1.85 points in PT; the differences were statistically significant (p=0.006) (Table 1). Regarding stromal cells, 12 normal breast samples (60.0%), 52 FA cases (51.0%), and 20 PT cases (80.0%) were positive for HDAC1; the frequency of HDAC1 in PT was significantly higher than in FA (p=0.012), although there was no significant difference between the normal breast and the FA group. In addition, the mean score for HDAC1 was 1.20±1.01 points in normal breast, 1.24±1.38 points in FA, and 2.24±1.67 points in PT, illustrating a significant increase in scores from normal breast, to FA, and then to PT (p=0.005) (Table 2).
Only the nuclei of epithelial cells were positive for WEE1; myoepithelial cells were negative for WEE1. Stromal cells revealed nuclear staining for WEE1 in only one case (Fig. 1J-L). Regarding epithelial cells, 19 normal breast samples (95.0%), 97 FA cases (95.1%), and 22 PT cases (88.0%) were positive for WEE1. The frequency was significantly lower in PT than in FA (p=0.000), although normal breast tissue and FA showed similar frequencies. The mean score for WEE1 was 3.75±0.72 points in normal breast tissue, 3.24±0.97 points in FA, and 2.84±1.14 points in PT. The scores decreased significantly from normal breast, to FA, and finally to PT (p=0.009) (Table 1). Concerning stromal cells, only one case of FA (1.0%) was positive for WEE1 (Table 2).
The stroma of normal breast tissue is largely composed of interlobular stroma intermixed with some intralobular stroma, which is responsive to breast-specific estrogens.2 FA is a representative benign tumor that originates from breast stromal cells and especially from intralobular stroma. Like FA, PT originates from the intralobular stroma.1,2 The intralobular stroma secretes growth factors for epithelial cells and thus facilitates the proliferation of the epithelial component in FA as well as PT, which is considered to be non-tumorigenic.2 In stromal tumors of the breast, endothelin-1 is released from epithelial cells and mediates the growth of stromal cells. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism of this effect has not been elucidated.14,15 We found that both epithelial and stromal cells of FA and PT express RHEB, HDAC1, and WEE1 proteins, which are known to be associated with the development or progression of tumors. Therefore, we propose that the epithelial cells of the breast may affect the development of stromal tumors, similar to the effect of stromal cells.
RHEB is associated with tuberous sclerosis, a human genetic disease.5 The development of benign tumors is frequently seen in brain, skin, kidney, and cardiac hamartomas of patients with tuberous sclerosis.16 We found that the expression of RHEB is elevated in the epithelial cells of FA. This enhanced expression may be related to the mechanisms of benign tumor development and in particular with the association of RHEB with the insulin/AKT/TOR signaling pathways. Thus, RHEB plays an important role in cell growth and cell-cycle control.5,6 Farnesyltransferase inhibitors have been reported to suppress RHEB and the insulin/TOR/S6K signaling pathway.17-20 This indicates that RHEB may be a valuable target gene for the treatment of breast tumors.21,22 In the present study, the frequency of RHEB expression was higher in the epithelial cells of normal breast tissue and FA than in PT. In addition, the frequency of stromal expression increased from normal breast, to FA, and finally to PT. The higher frequency of RHEB expression suggests that epithelial cells play an important role in tumor development in FA; this may be the main difference between FA and PT. RHEB may be associated with the growth and proliferation of epithelial cells and, in FA, epithelial cells may influence tumorigenesis. However, stromal cells are more important to the proliferation of tumor cells in PT, because RHEB expression is higher in these stromal cells than those of normal breast and FA.
Most breast cancers express ER-α, which is important for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of breast cancer. However, at the time of diagnosis, ER-α expression is absent in more than one-third of breast cancers.23,24 This loss of receptor expression is the result of histone deacetylation and chromatin inactivation caused by DNA methylation. HDAC1 is associated with the expression and function of ER-α, and is considered an important factor in breast tumor progression. In addition, higher expression of HDAC1 has been associated with better prognoses.7,25 However, several studies have reported that HDAC1 expression is correlated with tumor invasiveness and poorer prognostic factors.8-10 In the current study, we found that the frequency of epithelial HDAC1 expression was the highest in normal breast, lower in FA, and lowest in PT. In addition, stromal expression was lowest in normal breast, higher in FA, and highest in PT, similar to the pattern of RHEB. These findings support the hypothesis that FA epithelial cells may influence tumorigenesis, whereas stromal cells influence the proliferation of tumor cells in PT.
Normal expression of WEE1 suppresses cell entry into the mitotic phase via the phosphorylation of CDC2.26,27 Therefore, WEE1 may suppress cell proliferation. Thus, the abnormal expression of WEE1 may induce the proliferation of tumor cells. In particular, it has been observed that the expression of WEE1 is significantly lower in colon cancer cells than in normal colon cells. It has been reported that WEE1 has a potent tumor-suppression function,11 with the loss of WEE1 expression associated with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate in lung cancer.27 In addition, mutations in the human BRCA1 gene increase the development of breast and ovarian cancer. Normal BRCA1 arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and simultaneously induces apoptosis by activating WEE1. Therefore, the development of breast cancer associated with the abnormal expression of BRCA1 may be due to WEE1 inactivation.28 In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of WEE1 and other targeted proteins in epithelial cells is significantly lower in PT than in normal breast tissue and FA. WEE1 expression is lower in PT, a borderline malignant tumor, than in benign tumors, suggesting that the gene may act as a tumor suppressor. In contrast with other proteins, WEE1 was barely expressed in the stromal cells of normal breast, FA, and PT, which originate from stromal cells. Thus, WEE1 may be primarily associated with the development of tumors of epithelial origin. Recent studies have demonstrated that WEE1 may be a novel therapeutic target in various cancers, including breast cancer.29,30 Therefore, WEE1 may become an important new target molecule for the treatment of breast cancer.
In the epithelial cells of normal breast, FA, and PT, the expression of RHEB, HDAC1, and WEE1 was observed. In addition, both the frequency of expression and the mean score of epithelial cells were higher in normal breast tissue and FA than in PT; however, in stromal cells, the frequency and mean score of RHEB and HDAC1 were highest in PT, intermediate in FA, and the lowest in normal breast. Based on these results, we propose a new role for the involvement of epithelial cells in the development of FA and PT, which are known as tumors of stromal origin. For PT as well as FA, epithelial cells may be associated with the development of tumors, although stromal cells appear to contribute more to tumor development. Because cases of high-grade PT are rare, only benign PT samples were used in our study. However, based on mitotic count, stromal cellularity, and atypia, PT can be subclassified into three groups: benign, borderline, and malignant.1 Comparing the expression of these genes and proteins in the three kinds of PT may reveal more about the relationship between the expression of these proteins and PT tumorigenesis. In addition, because PT occurs rarely, it was difficult to obtain fresh tissue samples, so we have reported only the differences in protein expression among these tumors. Future studies involving a larger number of cases should include fresh tissue to elucidate the functional significance of these proteins and genes.
In conclusion, in epithelial cells of breast stromal tumors, the expression frequencies of RHEB, HDAC1, and WEE1 proteins were highest in normal breast tissue, intermediate in FA, and lowest in PT; the stromal expression of RHEB and HDAC1 increased from normal breast to FA to PT. The differences in the expression of these proteins is associated with the development of breast stromal tumors, with epithelial cells playing an important, previously unrecognized, role in the tumorigenesis of these tumors.
1. Rosen PP. Rosen's breast pathology. 2009; 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 187–229.
2. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC. Robbins and Cotran's pathologic basis of disease. 2010; 8th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1091–1092.
3. Parker SJ, Harries SA. Phyllodes tumours. Postgrad Med J 2001; 77: 428–435. PMID: 11423590.
4. Eom M, Han A, Yi SY, Shin JJ, Cui Y, Park KH. RHEB expression in fibroadenomas of the breast. Pathol Int 2008; 58: 226–232. PMID: 18324915.
5. Aspuria PJ, Tamanoi F. The Rheb family of GTP-binding proteins. Cell Signal 2004; 16: 1105–1112. PMID: 15240005.
6. Li Y, Corradetti MN, Inoki K, Guan KL. TSC2: filling the GAP in the mTOR signaling pathway. Trends Biochem Sci 2004; 29: 32–38. PMID: 14729330.
7. Zhang Z, Yamashita H, Toyama T, et al. Quantitation of HDAC1 mRNA expression in invasive carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 94: 11–16. PMID: 16172792.
8. Kawai H, Li H, Avraham S, Jiang S, Avraham HK. Overexpression of histone deacetylase HDAC1 modulates breast cancer progression by negative regulation of estrogen receptor alpha. Int J Cancer 2003; 107: 353–358. PMID: 14506733.
9. Park SY, Jun JA, Jeong KJ, et al. Histone deacetylases 1, 6 and 8 are critical for invasion in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2011; 25: 1677–1681. PMID: 21455583.
10. Patani N, Jiang WG, Newbold RF, Mokbel K. Histone-modifier gene expression profiles are associated with pathological and clinical outcomes in human breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2011; 31: 4115–4125. PMID: 22199269.
11. Backert S, Gelos M, Kobalz U, et al. Differential gene expression in colon carcinoma cells and tissues detected with a cDNA array. Int J Cancer 1999; 82: 868–874. PMID: 10446455.
12. Ried T, Just KE, Holtgreve-Grez H, et al. Comparative genomic hybridization of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tumors reveals different patterns of chromosomal gains and losses in fibroadenomas and diploid and aneuploid carcinomas. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 5415–5423. PMID: 7585611.
13. Park KH, Choi SE, Eom M, Kang Y. Downregulation of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC)7 in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast and its clinicopathologic relationships. Breast Cancer Res 2005; 7: R238–R247. PMID: 15743504.
14. Sawhney N, Garrahan N, Douglas-Jones AG, Williams ED. Epithelial-stromal interactions in tumors: a morphologic study of fibroepithelial tumors of the breast. Cancer 1992; 70: 2115–2120. PMID: 1327488.
15. Yamashita J, Ogawa M, Egami H, et al. Abundant expression of immunoreactive endothelin 1 in mammary phyllodes tumor: possible paracrine role of endothelin 1 in the growth of stromal cells in phyllodes tumor. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 4046–4049. PMID: 1319837.
16. Gómez MR, Sampson JR, Whittemore VH. Tuberous sclerosis complex: developmental perspectives in psychiatry. 1999; 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
17. Clark GJ, Kinch MS, Rogers-Graham K, Sebti SM, Hamilton AD, Der CJ. The Ras-related protein Rheb is farnesylated and antagonizes Ras signaling and transformation. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 10608–10615. PMID: 9099708.
18. Tamanoi F, Gau CL, Jiang C, Edamatsu H, Kato-Stankiewicz J. Protein farnesylation in mammalian cells: effects of farnesyltransferase inhibitors on cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2001; 58: 1636–1649. PMID: 11706990.
19. Castro AF, Rebhun JF, Clark GJ, Quilliam LA. Rheb binds tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) and promotes S6 kinase activation in a rapamycin- and farnesylation-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 32493–32496. PMID: 12842888.
20. Brunner TB, Hahn SM, Gupta AK, Muschel RJ, McKenna WG, Bernhard EJ. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors: an overview of the results of preclinical and clinical investigations. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 5656–5668. PMID: 14522880.
21. Mavrakis KJ, Zhu H, Silva RL, et al. Tumorigenic activity and therapeutic inhibition of Rheb GTPase. Genes Dev 2008; 22: 2178–2188. PMID: 18708578.
22. Zheng H, Liu A, Liu B, Li M, Yu H, Luo X. Ras homologue enriched in brain is a critical target of farnesyltransferase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2010; 297: 117–125. PMID: 20554106.
23. Hortobagyi GN. Treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 974–984. PMID: 9753714.
24. Osborne CK. Steroid hormone receptors in breast cancer management. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1998; 51: 227–238. PMID: 10068081.
25. Zhang Z, Yamashita H, Toyama T, et al. HDAC6 expression is correlated with better survival in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 6962–6968. PMID: 15501975.
26. Lee MH, Yang HY. Negative regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases and their roles in cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2001; 58: 1907–1922. PMID: 11766887.
27. Yoshida T, Tanaka S, Mogi A, Shitara Y, Kuwano H. The clinical significance of cyclin B1 and Wee1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2004; 15: 252–256. PMID: 14760118.
28. Yan Y, Spieker RS, Kim M, Stoeger SM, Cowan KH. BRCA1-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest requires ERK1/2 kinase activation. Oncogene 2005; 24: 3285–3296. PMID: 15735702.
29. Murrow LM, Garimella SV, Jones TL, Caplen NJ, Lipkowitz S. Identification of WEE1 as a potential molecular target in cancer cells by RNAi screening of the human tyrosine kinome. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 122: 347–357. PMID: 19821025.
30. Stathis A, Oza A. Targeting Wee1-like protein kinase to treat cancer. Drug News Perspect 2010; 23: 425–429. PMID: 20862394.
Table 1


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Course work on Development Communication
1.1 Development communication is defined as knowledge sharing and using communication to promote development through formulation of strategy and policies. Development communication also means a systematic collaboration and exchange of information leading to the mutual benefits of all the parties. Communication (knowledge sharing and transfer of ideas), of any kind, plays an important role in development of nations now days. Development communication consists of various media, interfaces and activities that aim at transferring the knowledge and experience from developed nations (organisations / companies) to underdeveloped nations (organisations / companies) for the purpose of progress. Effective communication for development plays an important role in the advancement and progress of the individuals, society and a nation as a whole. It aims at eradicating the social evils and introducing a standard set of principles and policies ultimately leading to the social, economical and technological development of an underdeveloped nation / economy. The paper below highlights different facets of development communication and presents an argument as to how these help in the growth and advancement of the underdeveloped nations (or entities or products). Inagaki (2007) is of the view that 'development strategies can be made more measurable by the help of development communication'.
2.1 Mercado (1992) has defined development communication as 'a process of providing disadvantaged people the opportunities to realise and improve their knowledge, attitude, and skill to utilise, sustain, and improve their productivity of available resources within their environment in order to improve the quality of their life and the society where they belong'. Further as per the Rockefeller Foundation (2000), it is defined as 'a process of dialogue, information sharing, mutual understanding and agreement, and collective action'.
It is quite evident from the recent wave of development and modernisation that media and communication play an important role in the development of any nation. Most of the developed countries have become an information society, gathering and spreading information via use of different information channels and making the underdeveloped countries use that for their strategy formulation and development.
As knowledge and information, in today's fast moving world, are essential for people to grow, move ahead, learn and advance and to successfully respond and adapt to the changes (whether technological, economical or social). But to be effective this knowledge needs to be communicated to users in an efficient and effective manner.
Development communication revolves around imparting of such knowledge and information for the purpose of development; it is about communication that can be used for advancement, change and improvisation and depends upon the use of different types of messages and media to change and improvise the social, economical and technological infrastructure of underdeveloped countries and is designed to transform (towards betterment) the quality of life in such nations.
2.2 Following things play an important role in designing and transferring communication for development: a) the nature of the issue; b) the target audience (users of the information); c) the nature of the communication media to be used; and d) the socio – economic and political factors of the environment surrounding the users of the communication for development. Therefore, it can be said that before imparting the knowledge or conducting a campaign, the transferors of the development communication should conduct proper study and research so as to gather information regarding the problem, the target audience and the environment of these audiences, further to determine the most effective channel for transmission of communication and the type of message to be delivered. Research and study should be ongoing is critical at every stage.
identification of the issue is the first and the most important facet of the communication for development since gathering of the information and organising the same as per the needs of the users revolve around the issue in hand. Identification of the issue sets out the aim that a specific communication campaign has to achieve. Kumar (2011) suggests that 'one of the major differences between communication and development communication is that development communication is led by a purpose or aim'.
Users / Audiences:
Communication for development revolves around people, the generators of information / communication being the developed / trained and literate people while the users being the underdeveloped, rural and illiterate people. As set forward by Kumar (2011) that 'development communication has a sense of right and wrong and is about humans'. No matter what, it is quite clear the creators, organizers and users of the information for the communication for development are people and this information and communication aims at promoting and developing the users' standard and quality of living. As set out by Kumar (2011), 'development communication has two types of users or audiences, the communicators and the audiences (whether literate or illiterate)'. Communication for development is aimed at a large set of audiences, including the government, policy makers, media, industrialists, economists, educationalists, general public etc. Each set of users have their own needs and requirements and uses the provided information for the achievement of their set goals and standards. As put forward by Kumar (2011) 'the development communication efforts and strategies should be altered as per the needs and psyche of the people using it'. Therefore, it can be said that communication for development aims at imparting a wide variety of knowledge to the people, created by the people and organised by another set of people. Communication for development, therefore, aims at the development and advancement of the society (a group of people) by transmitting the knowledge gathered from the developed society (another group /set of people).
It can be seen that media is playing an important role in the development of the mankind as well as in the improvisation of the quality of life. Choudhry (2011) explains that 'media plays an important role in development communication by being the means of transmitting information, knowledge, skills and ideas to the users'. It is evident that media these days addresses a lot of social issues like illiteracy, corruption, bureaucracy etc and aims at making the society a better place to live by eradicating these social evils, through proper knowledge and awareness on these issues. Mass media, however, is not the only source used for the transmission of communication for development, other modes like door to door campaigns, theatre, training and development sessions etc can also be used as effectively as mass media. It can also be said that the mass media can facilitate the process of development via effective transmission of knowledge and information, therefore, the proper application of media for the purpose of imparting the knowledge and communicating to the masses with an underlying aim of development of mankind is essential for development communication. Kumar (2011) suggest that 'use of diverse medium of communication for development imparts the said information a wide range of users and the effects are lasting'.
The socio – economic and political environment surrounding the users of the communication for development is the most crucial facet for the communication. Unless the environment plays its part in imparting information to all sets of users, make the said information accessible and helps in the development of people and society through proper training and awareness of the users, the communication for development may fail to achieve all its goals.
Further, for the effective communication for development it is essential to identify the users of information and effectively synchronise the users with the issue, the media used and the socio – economical and political context within which the media campaign is to be made. Messages and communication is directed at a specific set of audiences and is designed and presented in a way so as to effectively gain the objectives (that is the development of those individuals leading to the development of the society as a whole). Kumar (2011) discussed that 'that the aim or goal of development communication is a society is affected by the norms and values of that society'.
2.3 Communication structures and processes lead towards the achievement of better, more transparent and accountable government and law structure and the creation of a developed and aware society. Inagaki (2007, P.2) suggests that 'communication can create a positive environment for development programs by assisting in making connections between economically, politically and culturally disconnected groups'.
Knowledge and information are necessary for the people to react to the opportunities and challenges of social, economic and technological changes, including those that help to improve the economic structures, literacy rates, technological and industrial development and awareness of the social evil. Kumar (2011) explains that 'development communication has a transformation role that aims at changing the values a society towards betterment by creating an atmosphere for change and providing innovations which may lead a society to change'.
This knowledge and awareness also give poor and rural people a right to speak and access the facilities and convenience of the technological world and an equal opportunity to grow and take part in the growth of the society and nation as a whole. The transfer of knowledge, experience and research from the developed nations to the underdeveloped nations plays a pivotal role in their (underdeveloped nations) development. This also makes the underdeveloped nations learn from the experiences and mistakes of the developed countries. Arenas of growth and prosperity that are already identified by these developed countries are explored into and experimented with. Kaul (2011) describes that 'there are three different types of development communication techniques / campaigns leading to different outcome: 1.Education, which aims at changing the social values and ethics; 2. Persuasion, which aims at changing the actions of the people; and 3. Informing, which aims at creating awareness in the people that may lead to change ultimately'.
As communication is always a two way process, therefore underdeveloped nations and rural people also have equal chances to communicate their fears, queries and expectations and their problems are looked into and answered by the communication developers and transferors.
Communication for development has improvised the outcome of a number of sectors and countries. For example the use of ERPs and other technologies, the atomization of data and the linkage and networking between different government bodies and agencies, and many more developments as adapted by the underdeveloped nations like Asia and Africa from the developed western countries was made possible because of effective development communication, whether by Information Technology, internet research, training and development of professionals or by mass media, but communication for development has played its role.
Communication for development has also played a vital role in identifying lots of social evils like gender biasness, corruption, bribery, gambling, street crimes etc. The causes and effects are identified and detailed awareness campaigns are made so as to eradicate these evils from root.
In addition, development communication also addresses the major challenges faced by the nations for development and highlights the problems these nations face while moving towards prosperity. Development communication also lays down the ways to face these problems and challenges.
It can be said that development communication is a two way flow of knowledge, information and experience which changes the attitudes, behaviour, life style, opinions and knowledge curve of the users and makes the society a better and developed place to live in. As Kaul (2011) argues that 'development communication is not just about transmitting information regarding the betterment of the society / individuals it is also about exchange of knowledge, teaching of new skills, learning the art of empathy and encouraging more two way participation'.
2.4 As discussed above in the impact of development communication, it is quite evident that development communication plays an important role in the development of nations through transfer of knowledge. Development communication plays the following key roles:
- Development of people, society and knowledge;
- Free accessibility of information and maintaining two way flow of knowledge, as suggested by Kumar (2011) 'access to communication ensures participation by the users and the communicators';
- Creating an open culture for the transfer of information;
- Improvising the governance and legal structures;
- Creating and maintaining and equitable society;
- Reduction of poverty and illiteracy;
- Eradication of social evils;
- Creation of general awareness of the existing technologies and diseases and the researches and developments therein.
Development communication is all about using communication for the development of individuals or society as a whole, but, this is not the only function of development communication. It also aims at improving the standard of living and changing the society and individuals towards betterment. Development communications plays a pivotal role in transmitting the knowledge base of developed and successful countries to the underdeveloped countries that lead to the training and development of the third world (underdeveloped) countries and an improved society overall.
Development communication has affected the society in a better way and has different roles to play which not only consist of imparting of knowledge but also include the organisation of the said information according to the needs of the users, society and problem at hand. Development communication, if effectively utilised and departed can make society a better place to live in be the driving force of change in the underdeveloped nations towards development and advancement.
- Choudhury, P. S 2011, Media in development communication, New Alipore College, viewed 28 October 2012, <http://www.caluniv.ac.in/Global%20mdia%20journal/Winter%20Issue%20December%202011%20Commentaries/C-5%20Sen%20Choudhury.pdf>
- Inagaki, N 2007, Communicating the impact of communication for development, The world bank, viewed 28 October 2012, <http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/08/10/000310607_20070810123306/Rendered/PDF/405430Communic18082137167101PUBLIC1.pdf>
- Kaul, V 2007, Development communication in India: Prospects, issues and trends, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology University, viewed 28 October 2012, <http://www.caluniv.ac.in/Global%20mdia%20journal/Winter%20Issue%20December%202011%20Commentaries/C-2%20Kaul.pdf>
- Kumar, R 2011, Development Communication: A purposive communication with social conscience – An Indian perspective, Doon University, viewed 28 October 2012, <http://www.caluniv.ac.in/Global%20mdia%20journal/Winter%20Issue%20December%20%202011%20Articles/AR-3%20Kumar.pdf>
- Mefalopulos, P 2008, Development communication source book: Financial reporting and value creation in the knowledge economy, The World Bank, viewed 27 October 2012, <http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTDEVCOMMENG/Resources/DevelopmentCommSourcebook.pdf >
- Servaes, J et al 2002, Approaches to development communication, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) , viewed 28 October 2012, <http://webzone.k3.mah.se/projects/comdev04/frame/DevComm_Servaes.pdf >
- Srampickal, J 2006, Development and participatory communication, Communication Research Trends, viewed 28 October 2012, <http://cscc.scu.edu/trends/v25/v25_2.pdf >


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The trailer, jack.


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8. Causes of Antinomianism
By Dr. Sinclair B. Ferguson
The assertion that all antinomians are fundamentally legalists may raise a certain level of suspicion, being that they appear to be so different. In this lesson, Dr. Ferguson reinforces this claim by examining the causes of antinomianism.
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interface with SWASH wave model (Zijlema et at)? interface with SWASH wave model (Zijlema et at)? https://oss.deltares.nl/c/message_boards/find_thread?p_l_id=49171&threadId=409991 2020-09-24T12:07:55Z 2020-09-24T12:07:55Z RE: interface with SWASH wave model (Zijlema et at)? Marco Miani https://oss.deltares.nl/c/message_boards/find_message?p_l_id=49171&messageId=436180 2014-06-03T09:01:59Z 2014-06-03T09:00:43Z Hi Arnold and Robert.

Thank you very much for responding to the question I raised as well as for the links you've posted.

Yep, XBEACH cannot include layers (unlike SWASH), so it has to be run in depth averaged mode. Since depth averaged approach cannot reproduce breaking correctly, wave run up on sand dunes is frequently under-estimated, sometimes severely.

I am now in the process of setting up XB in nonhydrostatic mode and see what happens.The scale I am interested in, is small. Say meters (approx 50-80 meters along shore and 150-200 cross shore, starting from dune crest). In this setting, I am interested in recreating the "head cut" example, proposed by Dano (see video available on XB home page), but driven (and triggered!) by up-running waves.

This approach might have some limitations, but still I want to give it a try. Set up a sample run, something quick and dirty, and see what happens.

The ideal outcome, would be a successful embedding of XB into SWASH, so that latter would feed former.
The dominant variable describing both phenomena (i.e. velocity, well resolved by SWASH, even vertically), could be passed between wave model AND erosion model. But this might be something too ambitious for my PhD... As for now I'll (try to) keep my feet on the ground and carry out my current plan.

Will let you know how this turns out.
M Marco Miani 2014-06-03T09:00:43Z RE: interface with SWASH wave model (Zijlema et at)? Robert McCall https://oss.deltares.nl/c/message_boards/find_message?p_l_id=49171&messageId=435619 2014-06-02T09:05:48Z 2014-06-02T09:05:36Z Hi Marco,

I think I'd like to add to Arnold's post. Is there a particular reason you think you need to resolve the incident band (wind/swell wave) motions? If the beach you are looking at is dissipative during storms, then using XBeach to solve the infragravity wave motions, along with the wave-action balance for the short waves (so, solving wave energy, but not the phase of the short waves) should be fine to drive dune slumping. In fact the dune slumping algorithm in XBeach has been designed with this combination in mind.

If the beach you are looking at is reflective, rather than dissipative, then you may have to move to the short wave-resolving version of XBeach.

Another couple of references on modelling overwash and breaching using XBeach:

Roelvink et al 2009: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2009.08.006 (look for the ZWIN case)
McCall et al 2010: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.02.006
Lindemer et al 2010: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.06.004

Robert Robert McCall 2014-06-02T09:05:36Z RE: interface with SWASH wave model (Zijlema et at)? Arnold van Rooijen https://oss.deltares.nl/c/message_boards/find_message?p_l_id=49171&messageId=435604 2014-06-02T08:47:44Z 2014-06-02T08:47:44Z Hi Marco,

You are right that in principal XBeach and SWASH are quite similar in a way. I think the most important difference is that SWASH can be used in 3D mode while XBeach is depth-averaged. On the other hand XBeach contains formulations for sediment transport and morphology.

The standard version of XBeach resolves low frequency waves while the short waves are resolved using a wave action balance (see manual and Roelvink et al 2009 for more details). But if I understand your message correctly, you want to also resolve the short waves.

Within the XBeach code an early version of SWASH was implemented a few years ago, which we now refer to as the non-hydrostatic module of XBeach (see http://oss.deltares.nl/web/xbeach/documentation/non-hydrostatic_report_draft.pdf). This version of XBeach is phase-resolving and should be pretty much identical to SWASH, except for that it can only be used in depth averaged mode.

The process of breaching is currently being studied by a few MSc students at Deltares and some more researchers using XBeach, so we expect to have a better idea on the performance of the model for those processes in the near future. Some preliminary results that I have seen are very promising. For example, you can find a nice recent presentation (JOSNMOD conference) about XBeach and breaching here: (presentation of Heloise Muller): https://publicwiki.deltares.nl/display/JONSMOD/Presentations+2014.

I think at this point everyone is using the standard version of XBeach for breaching, I don't think anyone is using the non-hydrostatic version of XBeach for breaching yet

Hope this helps.

Cheers,
Arnold Arnold van Rooijen 2014-06-02T08:47:44Z interface with SWASH wave model (Zijlema et at)? Marco Miani https://oss.deltares.nl/c/message_boards/find_message?p_l_id=49171&messageId=409990 2014-04-07T11:01:35Z 2014-04-07T11:01:30Z Hello developers.

In the attempt of pursuing my research interest I am keenly interested in investigating the breaching process for sand dunes at a very high resolution, both spatial and temporal.

I am currently using SWASH wave model (Zijlema et al). Ideally, I would be interested in both: deterministic wave filed and, at the same time, (wave driven) bed evolution to include the positive-feedback mechanism in simulations.

Currently, I still have to study the manual carefully to understand what Xbeach can (or will possibly be able to) do, but I see that a non hydrostatic aspect is included already.

However, for my specific needs, the ideal setup would be, the combination of a phase resolving wave model driving the slumping and breaching on sand dunes.

Any inputs are highly appreciated.
Thank you.

Kind regards.
Marco Marco Miani 2014-04-07T11:01:30Z


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The Angband Ladder: Marinor, Gnome Mage by <firstname.lastname@example.com>
[Angband 2.9.3 Character Dump] Name Marinor Self RB CB EB Best Sex Female Age 70 STR! 18/100 -1 -5 +7 18/110 Race Gnome Height 41 INT! 18/100 +2 +3 +8 18/230 Class Mage Weight 76 WIS! 18/100 +0 +0 +7 18/170 Title Warlock Status 1 DEX! 18/100 +2 +1 +0 18/130 HP 663/663 Maximize Y CON! 18/100 +1 -2 +11 18/200 SP 282/320 Preserve Y CHR! 18/100 -2 +1 +0 18/90 Level 40 Armor [24,+103] Saving Throw Heroic Cur Exp 1798398 Fight (+14,+7) Stealth Superb Max Exp 1871532 Melee (+24,+17) Fighting Superb Adv Exp 1937500 Shoot (+23,+22) Shooting Superb Blows 4/turn Disarming Superb Gold 433267 Shots 1/turn Magic Device Legendary Perception Good Burden 131.7 lbs Infra 50 ft Searching Fair You are one of several children of a Gnome Beggar. You are the black sheep of the family. You have blue-gray eyes, wavy black hair, and a very dark complexion. [Character Equipment] a) a Trident (Defender) (1d8) (+10,+10) [+4] (+1 to stealth) {SusINT} It sustains your intelligence. b) a Long Bow of Velocity (x3) (+9,+22) {StoneTroll,L34} c) a Ring of Constitution (+4) d) a Ring of Intelligence (+6) e) an Amulet of Wisdom (+5) f) The Phial of Galadriel {Mughash,L7} It can be activated for... illumination ...if it is being worn. It provides light (radius 3) forever. g) Leather Scale Mail of Elvenkind (-1) [11,+17] (+1 to stealth) It provides resistance to disenchantment. h) a Cloak of Stealth [1,+9] (+2 to stealth) i) The Small Metal Shield of Thorin [3,+25] (+4) {BlackWraith,L39} It affects your strength. It affects your constitution. It provides immunity to acid. It provides resistance to confusion. It provides resistance to sound. It provides resistance to chaos. It provides immunity to paralysis. j) The Hard Leather Cap of Thranduil [2,+10] (+2) {Uruk,L34} It affects your intelligence. It affects your wisdom. It provides resistance to blindness. It gives telepathic powers. k) a Set of Leather Gloves of Free Action [1,+9] l) The Pair of Metal Shod Boots of Thror [6,+20] (+3) {Necromancer,L38} It affects your strength. It affects your constitution. [Character Inventory] a) 4 Books of Magic Spells [Magic for Beginners] {@m1@b1} b) 3 Books of Magic Spells [Conjurings and Tricks] {@m2@b2} c) 2 Books of Magic Spells [Incantations and Illusions] {@m3@b3} d) 4 Books of Magic Spells [Sorcery and Evocations] {@m4@b4} e) 2 Books of Magic Spells [Resistance of Scarabtarices] {@m5@b5} f) a Book of Magic Spells [Kelek's Grimoire of Power] {@m7@b7} g) 10 Potions of Cure Critical Wounds h) 8 Potions of Healing {!q} i) a Potion of *Healing* j) 4 Potions of Restore Life Levels k) 2 Potions of Enlightenment l) 7 Scrolls of Teleportation {!r} m) 6 Scrolls of Teleport Level {!r!r} n) a Scroll of *Destruction* o) 3 Rods of Recall {@z4!z} p) 4 Rods of Detection {@z1=g} q) a Rod of Detection (charging) {@z1=g} r) a Rod of Probing {@z7} s) a Ring of Strength (+5) t) a Broken Sword of *Slay* Dragon (1d2) (+5,+4) (+2) u) 29 Arrows (1d4) (+7,+7) {@f1=g} [Home Inventory] a) 6 Books of Magic Spells [Sorcery and Evocations] {@m4@b4} b) 4 Mushrooms of Restoring c) 91 Potions of Cure Critical Wounds d) 9 Potions of Healing {!q} e) 2 Potions of *Healing* f) 19 Potions of Restore Mana {!q} g) 18 Potions of Enlightenment h) 30 Scrolls of Teleportation {!r} i) 72 Scrolls of Teleport Level {!r!r} j) 3 Scrolls of *Identify* k) 3 Rings of Poison Resistance l) a Ring of Strength (+5) m) a Ring of Speed (+4) {Floor,L38} n) Bronze Dragon Scale Mail (-2) [30,+14] o) Full Plate Armour of Elvenkind (-3) [25,+14] (+3 to stealth) It provides resistance to disenchantment. p) The Leather Scale Mail 'Thalkettoth' (-1) [11,+25] (+3) {Floor,L36} It affects your dexterity. It provides resistance to acid. It provides resistance to shards. q) The Large Leather Shield of Celegorm [4,+20] {marilith,L37} It provides resistance to acid. It provides resistance to electricity. It provides resistance to fire. It provides resistance to cold. It provides resistance to light. It provides resistance to dark. r) a Small Sword of Westernesse (1d6) (+18,+12) (+2) s) The Katana 'Aglarang' (8d4) (+0,+0) (+5) {HalfTroll,L38} It affects your dexterity. It sustains your dexterity. t) a Beaked Axe of Extra Attacks (2d6) (+8,+4) (+2 attacks) u) The Battle Axe 'Lotharang' (2d8) (+4,+3) (+1) {Mat-whi-d,L39} It can be activated for... cure wounds (4d7) ...if it is being worn. It affects your strength. It affects your dexterity. It is especially deadly against orcs. It is especially deadly against trolls. v) The Morning Star 'Bloodspike' (2d6) (+8,+22) (+4) {HalfTroll,L38} It affects your strength. It is especially deadly against natural creatures. It is especially deadly against orcs. It is especially deadly against trolls. It provides resistance to nexus. It allows you to see invisible monsters. w) 28 Seeker Bolts (4d5) (+3,+3) {@f1=g} x) 38 Arrows (1d4) (+6,+6) {@f1=g} [Options] Adult: Allow purchase of stats using points : yes (adult_point_based) Adult: Allow specification of minimal stats : no (adult_auto_roller) Adult: Maximize effect of race/class bonuses : yes (adult_maximize) Adult: Preserve artifacts when leaving level : yes (adult_preserve) Adult: Restrict the use of stairs/recall : no (adult_ironman) Adult: Restrict the use of stores/home : no (adult_no_stores) Adult: Restrict creation of artifacts : no (adult_no_artifacts) Adult: Randomize some of the artifacts (beta): no (adult_rand_artifacts) Score: Peek into object creation : no (score_peek) Score: Peek into monster creation : no (score_hear) Score: Peek into dungeon creation : no (score_room) Score: Peek into something else : no (score_xtra) Score: Know complete monster info : no (score_know) Score: Allow player to avoid death : no (score_live)
Posted on 1.2.2002 10:36
7205. on the Ladder (of 17227)
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