text: Editing Gavyn Sykes 0 You are not logged in. {{Eras|imp|reb|featured}} {{Character |type= |image=[[File:Lt._Gavyn_Sykes_Bravo_6_Headshot.jpg]] |name=Gavyn Sykes |homeworld=[[Naboo/Legends|Naboo]]<ref name="BfN">''[[Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo]]''</ref> |birth= |death= |species=[[Human/Legends|Human]]<ref name="BfN" /> |gender=[[Sexes/Legends|Male]]<ref name="BfN" /> |height= |mass= |hair=[[Color/Legends|Brown]]<ref name="TPM">[[Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace|''Star Wars'': Episode I ''The Phantom Menace'']]</ref> |eyes=Bluish-green<ref name="TPM" /> |skin=Light<ref name="TPM" /> |cyber= |affiliation=*[[Royal Naboo Security Forces/Legends|Royal Naboo Security Forces]]<ref name="BfN" /> **[[Bravo Flight/Legends|Bravo Squadron]]<ref name="BfN" /> |masters= |apprentices=}} {{Quote|Lieutenant Sykes, glad you made it. You've been well trained.|Captain Panaka|Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo}} '''Gavyn Sykes''' was a [[Human/Legends|Human]] [[Sexes/Legends|male]] [[Naboo (people)/Legends|native]] of [[Naboo/Legends|Naboo]] who served as a [[Lieutenant/Legends|lieutenant]] in the [[Royal Naboo Security Forces/Legends|Royal Naboo Security Forces]] during the [[Trade Federation/Legends|Trade Federation's]] [[Invasion of Naboo/Legends|invasion]] of the [[Planet/Legends|planet]] in [[32 BBY/Legends|32 BBY]]. He, alongside his commanding [[Officer/Legends|officer]], [[Captain/Legends|Captain]] [[Kael (officer)|Kael]], organized a [[Naboo Resistance|resistance group]] against the Federation's [[Battle droid/Legends|battle droid]] [[Trade Federation Droid Army/Legends|army]]. Allying themselves with the influential [[Smuggler/Legends|smuggler]] [[Borvo]] the [[Hutt/Legends|Hutt]], Sykes and his comrades performed [[Attack on disabled base|daring]] [[Liberation of slave camps|raids]] on the enemy territory, liberating a number of Naboo citizens from Federation [[Mining/Legends|mining]] camps. Borvo, however, betrayed the resistance, [[Death/Legends|killing]] Kael and [[Slavery/Legends|enslaving]] the Naboo people. Sykes [[Attack on Porso Hill|avenged]] his fallen superior, liberating the Naboo and forcing Borvo to retreat to [[Nal Hutta/Legends|Nal Hutta]]. After Kael's death, Sykes briefly assumed a leadership position in his resistance cell and performed a [[Liberation of Camp Four|successful raid]] on the Federation [[Camp Four/Legends|Camp Four]], freeing its [[Prisoner/Legends|prisoners]]. Sykes later played a crucial role in [[Queen/Legends|Queen]] [[Padmé Amidala/Legends|Padmé Amidala's]] effort to retake the planet. He participated in the [[Battle of Naboo/Legends|diversionary assault]] on the occupied [[Capital/Legends|capital]] [[City/Legends|city]] of [[Theed/Legends|Theed]] and later joined the [[Realspace/Legends|space]] battle over Naboo as a member of [[Bravo Flight/Legends|Bravo Squadron]], single-handedly taking down [[Tractor beam/Legends|tractor beam]] generators and [[Deflector shield/Legends|deflector shields]] protecting one of the [[Hangar/Legends|hangar]] arms of the [[Lucrehulk-class Droid Control Ship|droid control ship]]. This allowed the young [[Force-sensitive/Legends|Force-sensitive]] [[Anakin Skywalker/Legends|Anakin Skywalker]] to fly his [[Starfighter/Legends|starfighter]] into the [[Starship/Legends|ship's]] inner structure and destroy it from within, thus deactivating the Federation's battle [[Droid/Legends|droids]] on the planet. Sykes continued to serve the Royal Naboo Security Forces for many more [[Standard year/Legends|years]], becoming a captain during the [[Clone Wars/Legends|Clone Wars]]. During the [[Galactic Civil War/Legends|Galactic Civil War]], Sykes was assigned to the smuggling patrol, serving as a watchman in the city of [[Keren/Legends|Keren]], while his nemesis, Borvo, returned to Naboo and settled in [[Moenia/Legends|Moenia]]. During this [[Time/Legends|time]], Sykes employed a [[Spacer/Legends|spacer]] to help him take down a [[Gungan/Legends|Gungan]] smuggling gang that worked for Borvo and attempted to smuggle animal carcasses infected with a dangerous [[Berserker Virus]] to [[Corellia/Legends|Corellia]], where Borvo had hoped to develop a [[Bioweapon/Legends|bioweapon]]. ==Biography== ===Early life=== Gavyn Sykes was a [[Human/Legends|Human]] [[Sexes/Legends|male]], [[Naboo (people)/Legends|native]] to the [[Planet/Legends|planet]] [[Naboo/Legends|Naboo]].<ref name="BfN" /> Sykes spent much of his youth<ref name="Manual">''[[Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo]]'' game manual</ref><ref name="Website">{{LucasArtsCite|url=products/naboo/index_ie.html|text=''Star Wars: Battle for Naboo'' Official Website|archivedate=20010124100800}}</ref> flying [[Transport/Legends|transports]] around Naboo, in the [[Naboo system/Legends|local system]], and, on rare occasions, beyond. During his travels, he witnessed firsthand the damage [[Smuggler/Legends|smugglers]] and gun runners could do to society if left unchecked. In order to protect his homeworld from such criminals, Sykes volunteered for the [[Royal Naboo Security Forces/Legends|Royal Naboo Security Forces]]. Once the RSF came under the command of [[Captain/Legends|Captain]] [[Quarsh Panaka/Legends|Quarsh Panaka]], Sykes was quickly recognized and rewarded with an assignment to the [[Theed Royal Palace/Legends|Theed Palace]] [[Palace Guard (Naboo)|security force]], where he was trained to fly [[N-1 starfighter/Legends|N-1 starfighters]] and quickly rose to the rank of [[Lieutenant/Legends|lieutenant]].<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62">''[[Star Wars: The Official Starships & Vehicles Collection 62]]''</ref> Serving under Captain [[Kael (officer)|Kael]], Sykes patrolled the secret tunnels and outskirts of the [[Capital/Legends|capital]] [[City/Legends|city]] of [[Theed/Legends|Theed]]. The patrolling duties honed Sykes' military skills, and whether he was driving a [[Seraph-class urban landspeeder|Flash speeder]] or [[Pilot/Legends|piloting]] an N-1 starfighter, he defended the citizens of Naboo and his fellow [[Officer/Legends|officers]].<ref name="Manual" /><ref name="Website" /> Among Sykes' other responsibilities was escorting diplomatic missions off-world.<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> During one such escort mission in [[32 BBY/Legends|32 BBY]], Sykes,<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> Kael, and Panaka, accompanied a Naboo delegation to the [[The galaxy/Legends|galactic]] capital of [[Coruscant/Legends|Coruscant]]. Once they reached the planet, however, the delegation was [[Coruscant Encounter|attacked]] by a mysterious [[Starship/Legends|starship]], forcing Sykes to chase the ship through the streets of the planet in his N-1 starfighter. Ultimately, Sykes was able to drive away the attacker.<ref name="BfN" /> Subsequent Senate investigation into the origins of the attacker turned up no results. In fact, the attacker had been [[Sith Lord/Legends|Sith Lord]] [[Darth Maul/Legends|Darth Maul]]<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> in his [[Scimitar/Legends|Sith Infiltrator]],<ref name="BfN" /> who had been dispatched by his [[Sith Master/Legends|Master]], [[Palpatine/Legends|Darth Sidious]], to test the Naboo pilots and their craft in preparation for Sidious' upcoming [[Invasion of Naboo/Legends|invasion]] of Naboo.<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> ===Battle for Naboo=== ====The invasion==== {{Dialogue|Borvo|<nowiki></nowiki>''[speaking in [[Huttese/Legends|Huttese]]]''<nowiki></nowiki>|Tyché|The Honorable Borvo the Hutt would like to thank you for all your help, Lieutenant Sykes.|Sykes|You're welcome, Borvo. I'm looking for allies in the fight against the Trade Federation.|Borvo|<nowiki></nowiki>''[Speaking in Huttese]''|Tyché|Borvo would like to offer his aid as a sign of gratitude.|attr=Gavyn Sykes securing an alliance with Borvo the Hutt through Borvo's translator, Adela Tyché|src=Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo}} Shortly after the events on Coruscant,<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> the [[Trade Federation/Legends|Trade Federation]], secretly led by Sidious, [[Blockade/Legends|blockaded]] Naboo, protesting against the [[Galactic Senate/Legends|Galactic Senate's]] [[Senate Resolution BR-0371|taxation]] of trade routes to the outlying [[Star system/Legends|star systems]].<ref name="TPM" /> Wary of a possible invasion, Panaka ordered all RSF Flash speeders to be outfitted with their standard blaster weaponry—which was usually kept dismounted—as well as to load the vehicles' short-range [[Missile launcher/Legends|rocket launchers]]. Sykes and other officers were dispatched on patrols all around Theed in order to maintain order and cover [[Queen/Legends|Queen]] [[Padmé Amidala/Legends|Padmé Amidala's]] escape should that become necessary.<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> The Federation soon indeed [[Invasion/Legends|invaded]] the planet, and their [[Trade Federation Droid Army/Legends|droid army]] [[Fall of Theed|swept into]] Theed, intent on forcing Amidala to sign a treaty authorizing the Trade Federation's occupation of Naboo.<ref name="TPM" /> Sykes was on patrol in Theed at the [[Time/Legends|time]] of the attack and was listening on the [[Comlink/Legends|comlink]] as Panaka, hoping to prevent an all-out war, ordered all members of the security forces to evacuate from the city and not to engage the enemy except in self-defense. Sykes was then contacted by Kael, who informed him that he was pinned down near the [[Royal Naboo Security Forces headquarters|Security Forces headquarters]] by several [[Droideka/Legends|droidekas]]. Kael's Flash [[Landspeeder/Legends|speeder]] had been damaged, and its weapons malfunctioned. Sykes quickly rescued his Captain, and the pair made their way through the city streets in an attempt to escape. They eventually found a pair of [[STAP-2|Heavy STAPs]], but before they were able to utilize them, they were attacked by an [[Armored Assault Tank/Legends|Armored Assault Tank]]. Sykes was able to destroy the [[Tank (vehicle)/Legends|tank]], however, and joined Kael in using the Heavy [[Single Trooper Aerial Platform/Legends|STAPs]] to escape the city.<ref name="BfN" /> Sykes and Kael were not the only ones to escape, as a significant number of other RSF personnel also made it out of Theed thanks to Panaka's forewarning, using in their escape Flash and [[V-19 landspeeder|Gian speeders]], [[N-X Police Cruiser]]s, civilian transports, or simply running on foot.<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> Meanwhile, the Queen and Panaka escaped to Coruscant with the help of two [[Jedi/Legends|Jedi]], [[Qui-Gon Jinn/Legends|Qui-Gon Jinn]] and [[Obi-Wan Kenobi/Legends|Obi-Wan Kenobi]].<ref name="TPM" /> [[File:KaelAndSykesSundayDrive-BFN.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Sykes and Kael traveling through Naboo countryside on Heavy STAPs]] Sykes and Kael [[Skirmishes in the Naboo countryside|traveled]] through the countryside, protecting local citizens from the attacking Trade Federation [[Battle droid/Legends|battle droids]] on STAPs. When faced with heavy resistance from the Federation, however, Kael decided to go to the [[Naboo swamps|swamps]], hoping to find help from local [[Merchant/Legends|traders]] who lived there in a [[Trading village (Naboo swamps)|village]]. Sykes and Kael entered a nearby hangar and obtained two N-X Police Cruisers. They reached the village, only to find it already overwhelmed by Trade Federation forces, as the village leader [[Rohan Wayside]] tried to evacuate his people on [[Naboo houseboat|houseboats]]. Sykes protected Wayside's boats from attacking [[Ostracoda-class gunboat|Trade Federation gunboats]] and [[Variable Geometry Self-Propelled Battle Droid, Mark I/Legends|droid starfighters]]. Sykes and Kael then rescued one of the village's police officers, [[Vedd Deviss]], who had been pinned down at the far end of the settlement. In gratitude for saving his people, Wayside told the two officers that he had heard rumors of an influential smuggler who had the ability help in their cause. The village leader then sent Deviss to show Sykes and Kael the way to the mountains, where the smuggler was supposedly located.<ref name="BfN" /> {{Gamemechanics|Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo}} Sykes, Kael, and Deviss soon [[Mission to the Naboo mountains|reached]] the mountains, where Sykes' Police [[Cruiser/Legends|Cruiser]] was shot down by a [[Droid/Legends|droid]] [[Starfighter/Legends|starfighter]] patrol. Sykes was forced to make an emergency landing in a nearby security [[Hangar/Legends|hangar]] and changed his damaged craft to a Flash speeder. As Kael and Deviss proceeded to look for the smuggler in their starfighters in the eastern passage, Sykes took the speeder to the northern passage. On his way, however, he witnessed a homestead under attack by battle droids. Sykes dispatched the attackers, and the [[Unidentified Naboo homestead owner|thankful homestead owner]] led Sykes to a piece of technology to upgrade his vehicle. Sykes then returned to his original mission and soon found a [[Borvo the Hutt's freighter|freighter]] being attacked by AATs. Contacting the [[Freighter/Legends|freighter]], he discovered that it belonged to the smuggler that Sykes' [[Naboo Resistance|resistance cell]] was looking for, [[Borvo]] the [[Hutt/Legends|Hutt]]. Sykes rescued him from AATs, and Borvo agreed to enter an alliance with the resistance. At this moment, Kael and Deviss finally arrived and joined Sykes.<ref name="BfN" /><ref name="Homestead">Saving the homestead owner is a bonus objective in ''[[Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo]]'' that the player is not required to complete in order to advance the plot of the game.</ref> {{Endgame}} Borvo then requested to be escorted to his base deep in the mountains, where he possessed an [[N-1 assembly site]]. Sykes suspected that the Hutt might be leading them into a trap, but Kael convinced him that they should take their chances with Borvo.<ref name="BfN" /> Upon reaching another hangar, Sykes and Deviss changed their vehicles, with Sykes taking a police cruiser, while Deviss took control of a landspeeder.<ref name="Change">Changing the vehicle at this point in ''[[Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo]]'' is optional. The player may remain in the Flash speeder, in which case Deviss will continue to provide air support.</ref> Navigating through the [[Mine/Legends|mined]] passages in the mountains, Sykes, Kael and Deviss escorted Borvo to his base, which was under attack by Trade Federation forces. After one of Borvo's pilots, [[Kol Kotha]], transferred from Borvo's freighter to his own [[Borvo the Hutt's starfighter|starfighter]] and joined the battle, Sykes and the others managed to repel the attack. With the assembly site now in their hands, Kael and Borvo planned to strike back at the Federation.<ref name="BfN" /> ====On the offensive==== {{Quote|Sykes, you've just been drafted into the Trade Federation. Head into that hangar and grab the Trade Federation gunboat.|Kael|Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo}} Kael and Borvo's plan was to attack one of Trade Federation bases on the planet. The [[Trade Federation base|base]], however, was controlled by a comm [[Satellite/Legends|satellite]] codenamed [[Comm 4]] in [[Orbit/Legends|orbit]] of Naboo, and the resistance needed to [[Disruption of Comm 4|destroy]] the satellite in order to disable the base's defenses. Kael, Sykes, Deviss, and Borvo's pilot [[Adela Tyché]] boarded [[N-1 starfighter/Legends|N-1 starfighters]] and took off into [[Realspace/Legends|space]], joined by Kotha in his starfighter. However, upon reaching Comm 4, the group found it protected by a powerful [[Deflector shield/Legends|deflector shield]], which was powered up by three slave satellites nearby. Moreover, the smaller satellites were protected by [[Droid starfighter/Legends|droid starfighters]] as well as a mine field located near each satellite. Nevertheless, Sykes and the others destroyed the slave satellites, lowering Comm 4's shield and taking down Comm 4 itself. Sykes and his comrades then [[Attack on disabled base|headed]] for the deactivated Trade Federation base, where they hoped to destroy all enemy weapons and craft and to steal a Trade Federation gunboat for the resistance. Once inside the base, the five started methodically destroying everything that belonged to the Trade Federation. Shortly thereafter, however, the base was reactivated, and Sykes and the others had to fight their way to the main gunboat launch site, where Sykes traded his starfighter for a gunboat. Hoping that the enemy would take Sykes as a [[Neimoidian/Legends|Neimoidian]] escaping from the attacked base, Kael sent the Lieutenant up the [[Andrevea River]] on a recon mission.<ref name="BfN" /> [[File:Searchforsanctuary.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sykes escorting the rescued civilians in a Trade Federation gunboat]] After carefully navigating through Trade Federation [[Proximity mine/Legends|proximity mines]] laid in the [[Water/Legends|water]], Sykes spotted an enemy patrol craft flying overhead. Sykes panicked, but was calmed by Kael and ordered to proceed further. Sykes then [[Liberation of slave camps|reached]] a [[Mining/Legends|mining]] camp, where the captured Naboo were being used by the Federation as [[Slavery/Legends|slaves]]. Sykes destroyed the base's defenses and power generators, liberating the [[Prisoner/Legends|prisoners]], who were then picked up by Borvo's transports and evacuated. After witnessing a Trade Federation gunboat sentry blast away to another camp, Sykes feared that it might warn the enemy and chased it, destroying the sentry. Upon reaching the other camp, Sykes received a communication from Deviss, who reported that he had been sent by Kael to provide air support for Sykes. Before he was able to join the fight, however, Deviss requested that Sykes destroy all [[Anti-aircraft gun|anti-aircraft turrets]] in the camp. After Sykes did so, Deviss made an attack run on the camp in his N-1 starfighter, destroying the power generator and liberating the slaves, who boarded several houseboats. At this point, Borvo informed the resistance that he had no more transports to spare, so Sykes and Deviss were forced to escort the prisoners by themselves.<ref name="BfN" /> {{Gamemechanics|Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo}} Sykes and Deviss planned to rendezvous with Kael at a safe sanctuary at the ancient ruins near the [[Devils tower]] mountain, and they soon reached the town of [[Ferentina]] which was located on the way there. However, Ferentina was already under attack by the Trade Federation forces; the enemy collapsed a bridge, sealing the nautical way to the ruins, so the rescued civilians needed to make the rest of the journey on land. While the prisoners switched from houseboats to speeders, Sykes traded his gunboat for a starfighter, destroyed several AATs that were attacking the prisoners, and blocked the way for Trade Federation reinforcements by collapsing the entrance to a tunnel used by enemy [[Troop/Legends|troops]] to reach the town. Flying over Ferentina, Sykes rescued another group of civilians, who had been trapped by a collapsed tower, and who then joined the [[Convoy/Legends|convoy]] with the prisoners. Sykes and Deviss escorted the convoy all the way to the ruins and sealed the way behind them by collapsing a rock bed, preventing the Trade Federation from following the escapees there. As Sykes and Deviss regrouped at the ruins, however, one of the resistance pilots, [[Lutin Hollis/Legends|Lutin Hollis]], appeared. Hollis said that while he and Kael had been protecting Borvo's transports, they had been ambushed, and Kael had been shot down. Certain that Kael was still alive, Sykes immediately boarded one of the Flash speeders and set off to [[Search for Captain Kael|find]] his Captain, with Hollis and Deviss flying cover for him.<ref name="BfN" /><ref name="Ferentina">Saving the civilians trapped in Ferentina is a bonus objective in ''[[Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo]]'' that the player is not required to complete in order to advance the plot of the game.</ref> {{Endgame}} ====Betrayed==== {{Quote|Sykes. The Hutt be…trayed us.''"<br />"''And the rescued prisoners?''"<br />"''He'll use them…as slaves. Rescue them. Good luck. Ah.|Captain Kael's last words to Sykes|Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo}} Sykes, Deviss, and Hollis went separate ways, proceeding to look for Kael in different directions. Sykes soon stumbled upon Borvo's ship flying away from a mining camp under attack by AATs. Sykes repelled the attack and asked the [[Unidentified mine operator|mining camp operator]] about Kael's location. The operator, however, panicked and rudely ordered Sykes to leave, stating that he was performing a legal operation. The camp's defensive turrets then opened fire at Sykes, who destroyed the turrets and witnessed that several [[Plasma miner|cargo transports]] were trying to escape. Sykes realized that Borvo used the camp to illegally mine [[Crystal/Legends|crystals]], stealing them from the Naboo. After Sykes destroyed the transports, he was contacted by Hollis, who had found Kael's downed starfighter. The Federation had located Kael, however, and began [[Bomber/Legends|bombing]] the site of his crash. Sykes dispatched the [[Trade Federation droid bomber|bombers]] and reached Kael, who was gravely wounded. With his [[Death/Legends|dying]] breath, the Captain revealed that Borvo had betrayed the resistance and enslaved the Naboo people; Borvo had also attacked Kael to cover his tracks. Angered by Kael's murder, Sykes decided to [[Attack on Porso Hill|go after the Hutt]], taking an N-1 starfighter. Sykes requested that Deviss locate Borvo, and the latter told him that he had spotted Borvo's ship heading for [[Porso Hill]]. On his way there, Sykes was confronted by Borvo's pilots, who attempted to turn him around. Driven by vengeance, Sykes did not comply and dispatched Borvo's men.<ref name="BfN" /> [[File:Borvo2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Sykes went after Borvo after the treacherous Hutt killed Captain Kael.]] As he closed in on Porso Hill, Sykes was stopped by Kotha. The Lieutenant told Kotha not to try to stop him, but Kotha did not intend to. On the contrary, he, not viewing himself as a slaver, decided to join Sykes. Sykes gladly accepted his help and asked Kotha to lead him to Borvo. He then contacted Deviss and Hollis, telling them to meet him at Porso Hill. Sykes and Kotha reached Porso Hill, but Kotha received major damage to his fighter and was forced to retreat, leaving Sykes to confront the Hutt by himself. Borvo was impressed by Sykes' persistence and offered him a place in his organization, but the Lieutenant declined and Borvo ordered his fighters to attack him. Deviss and Hollis soon joined the fight, and Sykes ordered them to harass Borvo's ship with [[Proton torpedo/Legends|torpedoes]] while he took care of enemy starfighters and turrets. The two pilots, however, had run out of torpedoes, so Sykes had to take down Borvo by himself. He inflicted enough damage to the Hutt's freighter, but it turned out that the ship's cranial section could be separated, and Borvo escaped on it to [[Nal Hutta/Legends|Nal Hutta]] along with Adela Tyché. Still, the mission was a success, and Borvo's prisoners were rescued.<ref name="BfN" /> With Kael dead, Sykes was left in charge of his resistance cell, and he decided to return to their fight against the Trade Federation; however, he had no idea where to start. Kotha, who had investigated several Trade Federation slaving camps, offered to [[Liberation of Camp Four|attack]] one of them, [[Camp Four/Legends|Camp Four]], and Sykes agreed. Sykes, Kotha and Hollis located the camp in a nearby valley and traveled there. However, Hollis, believing that his family was being kept in the camp, broke formation and flew right into a Federation installation, giving away the resistance's position. Sykes, Hollis, and Kotha evaded heavy fire, only to find local [[Farm/Legends|farmsteads]] attacked by Federation bombers. After Sykes dispatched the bombers, he located a hangar from which automated carriers delivered prisoners to Camp Four. Programming several unoccupied carriers to travel to the camp, Sykes took a Heavy STAP and followed them in. Once inside the camp, the carriers were scanned by battle droids, revealing Sykes' deception. The Lieutenant was attacked by the enemy, but with some help from Hollis and Kotha, he managed to fight off the Federation and rescued the prisoners.<ref name="BfN" /> During another mission, Sykes [[Attack on the Trade Federation Research Station|flew cover]] for a team of Naboo commandos, who had infiltrated a [[Trade Federation Research Station]] in order to uncover the Federation's secrets. The Federation had sent an [[Army/Legends|army]] to destroy the facility to prevent the secret information from falling into the Naboo hands. Sykes defended the commandos from Federation attacks until they had downloaded the data from the facility and boarded a [[Consular-class cruiser|''Consular''-class cruiser]]. Sykes escorted the cruiser, helping it to safely escape. The data obtained by the commandos revealed a new type of battle droid in development by the Federation.<ref name="BfN" /><ref name="Research Station">The protection of the research facility is a bonus mission in ''[[Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo]]'' unlocked through the use of cheat codes or after the player obtains bronze medals in all regular missions. The game does not specify when and where the mission takes place, and it can happen at any point during, before, or after the occupation of Naboo. Its placement at this point in the storyline is completely conjectural.</ref> ====Retaking the planet==== {{Quote|Good work. We've crippled their defenses.|One of Bravo Squadron's pilots, after Sykes destroys the shield generator|Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo}} Soon thereafter, Queen Amidala returned to Naboo to liberate the planet. Sykes was contacted on a secure RNSF channel by Captain Panaka, who was rallying all resistance cells and told Sykes to meet him at [[Rasker Hill]]. After Sykes reached the destination and rescued Panaka from some attacking droids, the Captain ordered Sykes to take his forces and guard the south ridge of Theed while the Queen was preparing for the final battle. However, the south ridge was soon compromised as a large Federation convoy of AATs and [[Multi-Troop Transport/Legends|Multi-Troop Transports]] moved through it.<ref name="BfN" /> The convoy in actuality comprised Trade Federation Army C.<ref name="NeC">''[[The New Essential Chronology]]''</ref> It was headed for the [[Great Grass Plains/Legends|Grassy Plains]] to assist the main Federation army, which the native [[Gungan/Legends|Gungans]]—hoping to draw the majority of Trade Federation forces away from Theed in order to leave it vulnerable for Amidala's attack—had engaged in a [[Battle of Naboo/Legends|battle]] there. Sykes soon received a distress call from [[Palmer (female)|Palmer]]<ref name="BfN" />—an RNSF officer whom Sykes had rescued from the Federation<ref name="CSWE">''[[The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia]]''</ref>—who told him that the forces on the south ridge were under attack by Trade Federation forces. Sykes helped Palmer fight off the attack and switched to an experimental [[NB-1S Royal Bomber|Naboo bomber]], using it to destroy the convoy as it was crossing the [[Widow's Valley]].<ref name="BfN" /> [[File:Lt._Gavyn_Sykes_-_Bravo_6_-_Christian_Simpson.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Sykes rushing to a fighter with counterpart R2-C4]] Sykes was then chosen by Panaka to participate in a diversionary assault on Theed. Splitting into several groups, the Royal Naboo Security Forces were ordered to distract the Trade Federation forces left in Theed, allowing Amidala and Panaka to sneak into the Theed Royal Palace and capture the Federation's [[Trade Federation Viceroy|Viceroy]], [[Nute Gunray/Legends|Nute Gunray]]. Sykes and Kotha, under the callsign Group 1, traveled through Theed, inflicting heavy damage to the Federation forces. They rescued Palmer, who had been pinned down by droids, and her Group 2. Sykes and the rest soon reached Theed's courtyard, rendezvousing there with Group 3, which included some trained [[Commando/Legends|commandos]]; the commandos blew open the gates blocking the way to the [[Theed Hangar/Legends|Theed Hangar]]. Meeting Panaka near the hangar, Sykes destroyed enemy AATs that guarded the building,<ref name="BfN" /> and moving inside, Sykes partnered with the [[Astromech droid/Legends|astromech droid]]<ref name="TPM" /> [[R2-C4 (Naboo)/Legends|R2-C4]]<ref name="Saga Collection">{{HasbroCite|set=Star Wars: The Saga Collection|pack=Astromech Droid Pack (Series 1)|link=TSCastroS1.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831053908/http://www.rebelscum.com/TSCastroS1.asp}}</ref> and took an N-1 starfighter into space. He joined [[Bravo Flight/Legends|Bravo Squadron]] as [[Bravo Six]]<ref name="Insider 112">{{InsiderCite|112|Ask Lobot}}</ref> in an assault on the Federation's [[Lucrehulk-class Droid Control Ship|droid control ship]].<ref name="BfN" /> After fighting their way through enemy starfighters, Bravo [[Squadron/Legends|Squadron]] reached the control ship.<ref name="BfN" /> They tried to attack the ship's central [[Bridge (starship)/Legends|bridge]], but the primary shield generators proved to be too strong, and the squadron was unable to inflict any damage.<ref name="Insider 112" /> Moreover, Palmer was captured by the ship's [[Tractor beam/Legends|tractor beam]] and killed by enemy fire.<ref name="BfN" /> Sykes then destroyed the deflector shield and tractor beam generators protecting the entrance to one of the ship's hangar arms,<ref name="Insider 112" /> allowing one of Bravo Squadron's fighters—piloted by the young [[Force-sensitive/Legends|Force-sensitive]] [[Anakin Skywalker/Legends|Anakin Skywalker]]—to fly inside the ship's structure and destroy it from within. With the control ship destroyed, all droid forces on Naboo were deactivated, and the planet was liberated.<ref name="TPM" /> Hailed as one of the heroes of that day,<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> Sykes then attended the victory celebration ceremony, standing beside Queen Amidala and the newly elected [[Supreme Chancellor/Legends|Supreme Chancellor]] Palpatine.<ref name="TPM" /> Shortly thereafter, Sykes explored the Grassy Plains, the site of the battle between the Gungans and the Federation, where he noticed a large amount of blue slime left from the Gungans' [[Booma/Legends|boomas]].<ref name="NEGTWT">''[[The New Essential Guide to Weapons and Technology]]''</ref> ===Galactic Civil War=== {{Quote|I'm Captain Sykes with the RSF's smuggling patrol. This is a long shot, but maybe you could help me. We confiscated animal carcasses from a Gungan smuggling gang that was shipping them offworld. This violates all kinds of regulations. The leader says one smuggler is bringing more carcasses to the drop point. We're short-staffed right now, so I'm desperate. Can you try to stop the smuggler?|Captain Gavyn Sykes|Star Wars Galaxies}} [[File:GavynSykes.png|thumb|left|200px|Captain Sykes during the Galactic Civil War]] Sykes continued to serve in the Royal Naboo Security Forces and was promoted to captain during the [[Clone Wars/Legends|Clone Wars]].<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> By the time of the [[Galactic Civil War/Legends|Galactic Civil War]], Borvo had also returned to Naboo, settling in the city of [[Moenia/Legends|Moenia]], though Sykes kept a close [[Eye/Legends|eye]] on him and fought him on every front. In [[1 ABY/Legends|1 ABY]], Sykes worked in the RNSF's smuggling patrol as a watchman in the [[Kwilaan Starport]] in the city of [[Keren/Legends|Keren]]. During this time, the patrol managed to uncover a Gungan smuggling ring that transported animal carcasses off-world. Sykes' men captured several smugglers and confiscated the carcasses, which revealed that the animals had died of an unusual disease. However, one of the captured smugglers also revealed that the Gungan [[Zim Zam Blattis]] would try to ship more carcasses soon. Since the smuggling patrol was understaffed at the time, Sykes hired a [[Spacer/Legends|spacer]] to stop Blattis, and the spacer killed the Gungan. Believing that Borvo was behind every criminal activity on Naboo, Sykes began to suspect the Hutt's involvement in the smuggling ring.<ref name="SWG">{{SWG|An Empire Divided}}</ref> Sykes later received reports of attacks by crazed animals. The normally harmless beasts suffered from some kind of a virus that drove them crazy. After learning that the smugglers were trying to capture the crazed beasts, Sykes believed that they were hoping to extract the virus to produce a [[Bioweapon/Legends|bioweapon]]. To prevent them from doing so, Sykes once again requested the aid of the spacer, asking the individual to kill a berserk [[Ikopi/Legends|ikopi]]. The spacer completed the task as well, earning Sykes' gratitude. Sykes' suspicions regarding Borvo soon proved true, as it was found out that the Gungans were taking orders from [[Haf Mandrox]], one of Borvo's lieutenants. On Sykes' request, the spacer located Mandrox and brought him in for questioning. Mandrox revealed that the animals had been infected with the [[Berserker Virus]], which had been created by one of Borvo's [[Scientist/Legends|scientists]]. The virus rewired the animals' brain to connect sensory input directly to aggression centers, making them attack everything in sight. The Gungan smugglers were planning another attempt to smuggle the carcasses to bioengineers on Corellia in order to turn the virus into a deadly bioweapon. Having come to trust the spacer, Sykes assigned his new ally to stop this from happening. The spacer intercepted the shipment, killed the Gungan in charge of it, and stopped the deadly disease.<ref name="SWG" /> ==Personality and traits== {{Quote|Borvo likes your spirit, Sykes. He offers you a place by his side.''"<br />"''I don't take bribes. Now set down.|Adela Tyché and Lt. Gavyn Sykes|Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo}} Gavyn Sykes was a brave and idealistic man, dedicated to the protection of the people of Naboo and his colleagues in the RNSF.<ref name="Manual" /> He voluntarily joined the Royal Security Forces not for the uniform, the authority, or the chance to make his family proud, but in hopes of keeping his world safe from smugglers and other criminals.<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> Efficient and resourceful,<ref name="Manual" /> Sykes was an expert pilot with quick reflexes,<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> capable of skillfully handling a variety of vehicles,<ref name="BfN" /> and he developed a particular liking for the Flash speeder, due to its great speed<ref name="NEGTVV">''[[The New Essential Guide to Vehicles and Vessels]]''</ref> of over 200km/h, great responses, and computer systems that assisted the pilot.<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> Overall, Captain Panaka found Sykes to be well trained,<ref name="BfN" /> and Sykes was quickly recognized once Panaka attained command of the RSF. Before Panaka became the leader of the Security Forces, it had a variable reputation, but even at that time, Sykes was regarded as one of the Naboo's finest and represented the very best that the RSF could offer.<ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> Due to his desire to protect the citizens of Naboo, however, Sykes occasionally found himself sidetracked from his original mission in an effort to protect yet another homestead, and he had to be reminded by Captain Kael that they were unable to save everyone. When he witnessed a Federation patrol craft above Andrevea River, Sykes panicked, and Kael had to calm him down.<ref name="BfN" /> Sykes did not trust Borvo the Hutt, but agreed to follow him after Kael decided to use the Hutt's help. When Borvo betrayed the resistance and killed Kael, Sykes was driven by vengeance and was determined to oust the Hutt from Naboo.<ref name="BfN" /> Years later, Sykes still bore a grudge against Borvo, correctly guessing his involvement in the Berserker Virus plot.<ref name="SWG" /> He had some leadership skills, managing to successfully guide his resistance group in the raid on Camp 4 after Kael's death,<ref name="BfN" /> and eventually earning a promotion to captain.<ref name="SWG" /> Sykes was an honest officer and did not accept bribes, refusing Borvo's offer to join him.<ref name="BfN" /> After the spacer he met in Keren performed several tasks for him, Sykes came to trust the individual, giving the spacer the important task of stopping the virus. Additionally, Sykes was not very well-versed in bioengineering.<ref name="SWG" /> ==Behind the scenes== {{Quote|I was lucky enough to receive a credit and portray Fighter Pilot Bravo 6—''Lt. Gavyn Sykes'' in Episode I. There is a wider story to Sykes than may be obvious from the movie, but the backstory was revealed in the game 'Battle for Naboo'.|Christian Simpson|url=http://blogs.starwars.com/bravo/1/comments}} [[File:Christian J Simpson.png|thumb|right|200px|Christian Simpson]] Gavyn Sykes first appeared as a supporting artiste in the [[1999]] film [[Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace|''Star Wars'': Episode I ''The Phantom Menace'']]. The character was originally known as "Bravo Six" and was portrayed by the [[Wikipedia:British people|British]] actor [[Christian Simpson]]. Simpson was chosen for the role—the first in his career—during a casting session in [[Wikipedia:London|London]].<ref name="Interview">{{Cite_web|url=http://starwarsinterviews1.blogspot.com/2010/02/christian-j-simpson-interview-star-wars.html|title=An interview with Christian Simpson|publisher=Starwarsinterviews1.blogspot.ru|accessdate=2018-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328095940/http://starwarsinterviews1.blogspot.ru/2010/02/christian-j-simpson-interview-star-wars.html|archivedate=2018-03-28}}</ref> He saw an article in a newspaper that stated that actors were being scouted for the film and contacted his acting agent,<ref name="Caught on the Cam">{{SWArchive|url=episode-iii/bts/profile/f20050218/index.html|text=Caught on the Cam: Christian Simpson|archivedate=20080202044913}}</ref> Laura,<ref name="Fandom to Phantom">{{SW|url=news/from-fandom-to-phantom-when-star-wars-dreams-become-reality|text=From Fandom to ''Phantom'': When ''Star Wars'' Dreams Become Reality|archivedate=20191021075658}}</ref> delivering her his [[Wikipedia:Curriculum vitae|curriculum vitae]]. The agent managed to secure an audition for Simpson, and he was eventually cast.<ref name="Caught on the Cam" /> Several cockpit scenes were filmed with Simpson, but they were cut due to time constraints. Simpson, however, can still be seen in two scenes of the film, first running to his starfighter and then standing at the celebration ceremony in the line of surviving pilots.<ref name="Blog: The Beginning">{{Blog|bravo|1/comments|Making Episode III: 24 Jan 2003 - 'The Beginning'|The Fan to the Man|Christian Simpson|archivedate=20120304114304}}</ref> Though the actor was uncredited for his portrayal of Bravo Six, Simpson did receive a credit as a "stand-in," having personally discussed a credit from the film's producer [[Rick McCallum]].<ref name="Caught on the Cam" /> Simpson was grateful to be featured in ''Episode I'', having dreamed about being in a ''[[Star Wars]]'' movie since he was a child.<ref name="Blog: Just Call Me">{{Blog|bravo|7/comments|Making Episode III: 23 Aug 2004 - 'Just call me Hayden'|The Fan to the Man|Christian Simpson|archivedate=20091216143811}}</ref> He was left with especially intense memories of the filming of the hangar scene, where mini-explosive pellets were fired at him and even exploded on his hat, and sparks flew across his face.<ref name="Interview" /> When [[LucasArts]] and the game developers [[Factor 5]] were looking for a central character for the [[video game]] ''[[Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo]]'', they decided to use one of the pilots that survived the space battle and eventually settled upon Simpson's "Bravo Six," naming the pilot "Gavyn Sykes." Factor 5 saw the game and its protagonist as a great way to explore the RSF's activities during the Invasion of Naboo. The creation of Sykes' story was a team effort at Factor 5, and the deep and evolving storyline was praised upon the game's release.<ref name="Interview" /><ref name="Starships & Vehicles 62" /> Sykes acted as the protagonist of the game, which covered his exploits during the Federation's occupation of Naboo and culminated with him destroying the droid control ship's shields. In ''Battle for Naboo'', Sykes was voiced by [[Matt Walters]], a more local actor to California's LucasArts than Simpson was back in London. Simpson's likeness was however later used to portray a promoted Captain Sykes in the [[2003]] MMORPG [[Star Wars Galaxies|''Star Wars Galaxies: An Empire Divided'']]. Simpson was honored to know that his character had been chosen as the protagonist of ''Battle for Naboo'', and he even played the game himself.<ref name="Interview" /> Due to his involvement in ''The Phantom Menace'', Simpson was later contacted by McCallum once again<ref name="Fandom to Phantom" /> and cast as [[Hayden Christensen]]'s (Anakin Skywalker) stand-in for [[Star Wars: Episode III Revenge of the Sith|''Star Wars'': Episode III ''Revenge of the Sith'']]<ref name="Blog: The Callback">{{Blog|bravo|4/comments|Making Episode III: 11 Aug 2004 - 'The Callback'|The Fan to the Man|Christian Simpson|archivedate=20061115023702}}</ref> on the UK set of the film<ref name="Fandom to Phantom" /> and was given a [[Star Wars: Blogs|VIP blog]] at [[StarWars.com]], where he shared behind-the-scenes information from the movie sets.<ref name="Blog">{{Blog|bravo||The Fan to the Man|Christian Simpson|Christian Simpson|archivedate=20061115004004}}</ref> He was also invited to the film's premiere showing in [[Wikipedia:Berlin|Berlin]].<ref name="Fandom to Phantom" /> In his blog, Simpson expressed an interest in portraying Sykes in the [[Star Wars: Underworld|''Star Wars'' live-action TV series]] that was being planned at the time.<ref name="Blog" /> Since Skywalker's destruction of the droid control ship can be viewed as the first step in his fall to the [[Dark side of the Force/Legends|dark side]], Sykes can be held partially responsible for helping him take that step. This led Simpson to jokingly apologize for the creation of Darth Vader.<ref name="Interview" /> Since Sykes' role in the battle is not clearly evident in ''The Phantom Menace'', however, this led some fans to query the Lieutenant's involvement in Skywalker's victory. When Simpson was asked about this by a fan, he posted the question in his blog, asking Lucasfilm's [[Leland Chee]], the keeper of their [[Holocron continuity database]], if Sykes' destruction of the deflector shields was [[canon]] and true, to which Chee replied affirmatively.<ref name="Blog: The Beginning" /> This was later confirmed in the ''[[Ask Lobot]]'' section of the [[Star Wars Insider 112|112th issue]] of the ''[[Star Wars Insider]]'' magazine. After the magazine was published, fans asked the toy company [[Hasbro Inc.|Hasbro]] if a Sykes action figure would be released someday, and in [[July]] [[2010]], Hasbro responded that it was not currently in the works but could possibly make it into the lineup in a few years.<ref name="Hasbro">{{Cite_web|url=http://www.actionfigureinsider.com/main/hasbro-star-wars-qa-answers-for-july-2010|title=Hasbro Star Wars Q&A Answers for July 2010|publisher=Actionfigureinsider.com|accessdate=2010-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919044440/http://www.actionfigureinsider.com/hasbro-star-wars-qa-answers-for-july-2010/|archivedate=2015-09-15}}</ref> In [[2014]], Simpson published an extensive entry in the new [[Star Wars Blog]] at the revamped StarWars.com, describing his personal involvement in the ''Star Wars'' media, as well as the actions that had been attributed to his character, Gavyn Sykes, as dreams that came true.<ref name="Fandom to Phantom" /> ==Appearances== *''[[Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds]]'' {{C|Mentioned in Databank}} *''[[Star Wars: Starfighter]]'' {{C|As [[Bravo Six]]}} *[[Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace|''Star Wars'': Episode I ''The Phantom Menace'']] {{1st}} *''[[Star Wars: Episode I: Battle for Naboo]]'' {{1stID}} *{{SWG|An Empire Divided}} ==Sources== {{Mediacat|imagecat=Images of Gavyn Sykes}} *{{LucasArtsCite|url=products/naboo/index_ie.html|text=''Star Wars: Battle for Naboo'' Official Website|archivedate=20010124100800}} *{{InsiderCite|50|Gamescape}} {{Imo}} *{{GamerCite|1|State of the Arts|State of the Arts: Freedom Fighters: ''Battle for Naboo'' Explores Life on the Home Front}} *{{FFCite|29|NAB16, ''The Capture of Theed''}} *{{FFCite|62|TRA5-8, ''The Trade Federation Attack''}} *{{FFCite|72|SPE14, ''Naboo Speeders''}} *''[[The New Essential Guide to Vehicles and Vessels]]'' {{C|Quote only}} *''[[The New Essential Guide to Weapons and Technology]]'' {{C|Quote only}} *{{InsiderCite|97|Ask Lobot|Q&A}} *''[[The Complete Star Wars Encyclopedia]]'' *{{InsiderCite|112|Ask Lobot}} *''[[Star Wars: The Official Starships & Vehicles Collection 62]]'' ==Notes and references== {{Scroll_box|content={{Reflist}}}} ==External links== *{{Blog|listing=true|bravo|The Fan to the Man|Christian Simpson|archivedate=20061115004004}} *{{SW|url=news/from-fandom-to-phantom-when-star-wars-dreams-become-reality|text=From Fandom to ''Phantom'': When ''Star Wars'' Dreams Become Reality|archivedate=20191021075658}} *{{SW|url=news/from-fandom-to-phantom-making-the-force-that-binds-us|text=From Fandom To ''Phantom'': Making The Force That Binds Us|archivedate=20190910013831}} {{Interlang |de=Gavyn Sykes |es=Gavyn Sykes |nl=Gavin Sykes |pt=Gavyn Sykes }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sykes, Gavyn}} [[Category:Humans]] [[Category:Males]] [[Category:Naboo]] [[Category:Pilots]] [[Category:Royal Naboo Security Force officers]] Loading editor Standard preloads (select a template to preload its contents): Custom preload pagename: Insert: – — … ° ≈ ≠ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Sign your username: ~~~~ Wiki markup: {{}} | [] [[]] [[Category:]] #REDIRECT [[]] <s></s> <sup></sup> <sub></sub> <code></code> <blockquote></blockquote> <ref></ref> <references/> <includeonly></includeonly> <noinclude></noinclude> <nowiki></nowiki> Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶ # ¹ ² ³ ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ Characters: Á á Ć ć É é Í í Ĺ ĺ Ń ń Ó ó Ŕ ŕ Ś ś Ú ú Ý ý Ź ź À à È è Ì ì Ò ò Ù ù  â Ĉ ĉ Ê ê Ĝ ĝ Ĥ ĥ Î î Ĵ ĵ Ô ô Ŝ ŝ Û û Ŵ ŵ Ŷ ŷ Ä ä Ë ë Ï ï Ö ö Ü ü Ÿ ÿ ß Ã ã Ẽ ẽ Ĩ ĩ Ñ ñ Õ õ Ũ ũ Ỹ ỹ Ç ç Ģ ģ Ķ ķ Ļ ļ Ņ ņ Ŗ ŗ Ş ş Ţ ţ Đ đ Ů ů Ǎ ǎ Č č Ď ď Ě ě Ǐ ǐ Ľ ľ Ň ň Ǒ ǒ Ř ř Š š Ť ť Ǔ ǔ Ž ž Ā ā Ē ē Ī ī Ō ō Ū ū Ȳ ȳ Ǣ ǣ ǖ ǘ ǚ ǜ Ă ă Ĕ ĕ Ğ ğ Ĭ ĭ Ŏ ŏ Ŭ ŭ Ċ ċ Ė ė Ġ ġ İ ı Ż ż Ą ą Ę ę Į į Ǫ ǫ Ų ų Ḍ ḍ Ḥ ḥ Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ Ṃ ṃ Ṇ ṇ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ Ṣ ṣ Ṭ ṭ Ł ł Ő ő Ű ű Ŀ ŀ Ħ ħ Ð ð Þ þ Œ œ Æ æ Ø ø Å å Ə ə Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ Υ υ Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω Please note: No personal information from you is required to edit on Wookieepedia. However, if you feel the need to divulge such information, be aware that it is illegal to do so if you are under the age of 13. (See also: Wikia terms of use) Once saved, your changes will be visible immediately. For testing, please use the Jundland Wastes sandbox. On talk pages, please sign your comment by typing four tildes (~~~~). If you don't want your writing to be edited mercilessly or redistributed by others, do not submit it. Do not copy text directly from other websites such as StarWars.com. Only public domain resources can be copied without permission—this does not include a vast majority of web pages. This field is a spam trap. DO NOT fill it in! Retrieved from "https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Gavyn_Sykes" Edit summary Preview Mobile Desktop Show changes


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There's a long tradition of parodies of title sequences, particularly those from US shows of the 80s and 90s. They are, after all, relatively easy, cheesy targets. And at least they had title sequences in those days, unlike a lot of network shows, which would rather save their ad-glutted hour-long time slots for the show itself.
However, I don't think there's quite been a title sequence parody the likes of Too Many Cooks. Adult Swim aired this at 4am early morning for a week last month, meshed in between infomercials, before anyone noticed it. The creation of writer Chris Kelly (Squidbillies and Your Pretty Face Is Going to Hell), it starts off as just a regular parody of the likes of Full House and Growing Pains, before becoming something altogether very different, alternately disturbing and comical.
I'm not sure how funny it is, but you won't have seen anything quite like it before, I guarantee.


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Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for Families
Download a PDF of the presentation. Join us for an informational presentation on using Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) skills in interpersonal relationships. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is among the most effective treatment for people struggling with the behaviors and symptoms read more
Effectively Treating Borderline Personality Disorder and Trauma
Join us on Zoom for a 2 hour 2 CE event. Learn how DBT and PE work together to treat co-occurring BPD and PTSD symptoms. Learn how Dialectical Behavior Therapy addresses the symptoms that arise in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). read more
DBT for Substance Use Disorders in Residential Treatment
Join us for an informational presentation on the ways Clearview Treatment Programs utilizes Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in our co-ed residential treatment program for substance use and psychiatric disorders. DBT has shown to be an effective treatment for people dealing read more
DBT Techniques to Enhance Communication Among Family Members
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is among the most effective treatment for people struggling with the behaviors and symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and emotional dysregulation. It is also useful in addressing many other mental health concerns, including substance abuse, read more
When BIG Emotions are Driving the Bus!
DBT strategies to prevent and treat problems stemming from BIG emotions Do you work with people who struggle with emotions that get in the way of effective problem solving or create problems in their relationships? Do your clients go from crisis read more
How Well-Meaning, Empathetic Therapists Can Make Suicidal Clients Worse
Well-meaning therapists can inadvertently make their clients worse. This workshop will describe how that can happen and how to utilize DBT strategies to address suicidal clients effectively Co-hosted with Compass Behavioral Health and the DBT Center of Orange County Did read more
DBT & Prolonged Exposure Lunch & Learn
This workshop will describe the basic tenets of Dialectical Behavior Therapy and how this treatment addresses the symptoms that arise in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). We will review the symptom presentation of BPD and how Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) read more
Research & Strategies for Treating Adolescents & Families Affected by BPD
The National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder and Clearview Treatment Programs are proud to co-sponsor a GAP conference in Los Angeles. GAP (Global Alliance for Prevention and Early Intervention for BPD) is an initiative that encourages early identification, diagnosis read more


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Fly53 Nuyorican Shirt3rd May 2010
Here's a stylish cotton, long sleeved shirt for the summer. Two chest pockets plus tabs on the sleeves by the elbow so you can roll them up and fasten them.
A new arrival to Fly53 along with a whole bunch of other check shirts, short and long sleeved.
Available in sizes small to XXL.
This Fly53 Nuyorican Shirt is £50 and shipping is Free.
Fly53 – the official home of this pretty cool clothing brand.
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men's t-shirts Says:
May 7th, 2010
I like the button detail here. Who said they had to be spread out!


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So, What Happens on KSU Campuses when Students are on Spring Break?
It's spring break at KSU this week, which means that our students are taking a well-deserved
break as they prepare for the end of the semester. Many students find themselves off
campus for a variety of activities, whether they are relaxing during a challenging
semester, studying abroad in places like Costa Rica, or performing service-learning
projects through an Alternative Break in New Orleans.
Even though classes are on hold for a week, the university is open and thriving. As spring break kicked off last Friday, the Coles College of Business launched the 21st annual National Collegiate Sales Competition. Top sales students from across the country competed throughout the weekend and on Monday in the largest and longest-running sales competition for college students. Also at Coles this week is the14th annual Southeast Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition on April 3-4, hosted by the College's Center for Information Security Education.
The Office of Admissions is busy this week with campus tours. It's typically their busiest week with prospective students on each of the three daily tours. At the same time, the Office of Orientation and Transition Programs is deep in the planning and logistics of Ignition: New Student Orientation and Owl Expedition: Extended Orientation for the incoming class of 2023.
Our faculty and staff remain focused on research. For example, Jaylin Gillam, a virtual reality software developer for the College of Computing and Software Engineering, is using his skills and KSU's state-of-the-art motion capture studio to complete a number of projects this week that benefit faculty researchers and the College's numerous industry partners.
And over in Athletics, the KSU baseball team takes on in-state rival University of Georgia at home on Wednesday. The Fifth Third Bank Stadium staff and Night Owl Productions will be busy prepping for the Atlanta United 2 game on Saturday.
Finally, many on campus are gearing up for the National Conference on Undergraduate Research, which will be held on the Kennesaw Campus from April 11 to 13. During the spring break week, we will be putting the final touches on preparations for the largest event ever held on our campus, which will bring more than 4,000 students and faculty members from around the country.
So while there are no classes in session this week, don't be surprised if you see a lot of activity on campus as our dedicated faculty and staff continue their quest to elevate Kennesaw State University.
Pamela Whitten


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Concise Encyclopedia of Tufts HistorySauer, Anne
Branco, Jessica
Bennett, John
Crowley, Zachary
Hoskins, Halford Lancaster, 1891-1967
|Halford L. Hoskins (1891-1967), a well-known political scientist and historian, was instrumental in the establishment of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, serving as its first dean from 1933 to 1944.
Hoskins was born in Carmel, Indiana, on March 25, 1891.He attended Earlham College, receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1913.In 1915, he married Edna Alice Charles, with whom he had two children. Hoskins continued his studies, receiving his master of arts degree in 1921 and his doctorate in 1924 from the University of Pennsylvania.
In 1920, Hoskins joined the Tufts faculty as an assistant professor of History. In 1924 he was appointed Dickson Professor of History and became the department's head the following year. He held that position until 1933, when he was made dean and professor of Diplomatic History at the newly founded Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
Hoskins left Tufts in 1944 to become a founder and director of the School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, D.C. From 1949 to 1962 he held the position of senior specialist in international relations for the Legislative Reference Service of the Library of Congress and adjunct professor of Middle East Studies at American University's School of International Service. In 1962, he became full professor at American University, while working with the Center for Strategic Studies until his retirement in 1966.
Hoskins authored numerous books concerning diplomatic history and foreign policy, as well as contributing to the Collier's Encyclopedia Yearbook and the Dictionary of American Biography. He was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, as well as a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the American Political Science Association, and the Middle East Institute.
Following his first wife's death in 1953, Hoskins married Janina Wojcicki. His daughter, Alice Cecilia Franklin, received a Bachelor of Science degree from Tufts in 1938.Hoskins died of a heart attack in Washington, D.C., on September 14, 1967.
Source: VF
Subject terms:
The encyclopedia seeks to capture more than 150 years of Tufts' achievements, societal contributions and outstanding alumni and faculty in concise entries. As a source of accurate factual information, the Encyclopedia can be used by anyone interested in the history of Tufts and of the people who have made it the unique institution it is.
- This object is in collection:
- Digital Collections and Archives Records
- Subjects
- Tufts University--History
- Permanent URL
- http://hdl.handle.net/10427/14829
|To Cite:
|DCA Citation Guide
|Detailed Rights


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Photo Gallery
Competitive Team Christmas Party 2019
The annual Christmas party was held on Sunday, December 22, 2019.
As always, the athletes had a lot of fun! They created a winter village using gym equipment, they made photo props for the photo booth and raced to move as many candy canes as they could across the air track. Coach Jennie made it hard for the girls to unwrap the gifts in the "pass the present" game which made for some big laughs - and three lucky girls took home a special SGE decoration! There was also a raffle and Abi won a DNA leotard! Our parent volunteers made sure the girls had a healthy lunch and not too many sweet treats! The party wrapped up with a secret santa gift exchange.
Enjoy the photos - be sure to check out Coach Jol's festive suit.
Competitive Team Halloween Party 2019
Enjoy these photos from our competitive team annual halloween party which was held on Sunday, October 27, 2019.
Our athletes were super creative with their costumes and we had everything from sushi, to Disney characters to a 1980's thowback group.
Many thanks to our parent volunteers. We could not have done this without your support.
New Team Training Leotards
Our competitive athletes are loving their new easy-breezy one-of-a-kind training leotards. The leotards are super soft and super comfortable. Thanks DNA Performance Wear for another great design.
Summer Camp Butterfly Project
This past summer, as part of Camp program, we raised and released monarch butterflies. It was quite an experience for the campers, our coaches and our administrative staff.


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Irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation via ERK-dependent CCL7 upregulation
Jangho Lee aff001; Joon Park aff001; Young Ho Kim aff003; Nam Hyouck Lee aff003; Kyung-Mo Song aff003
Authors place of work: Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea aff001; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea aff002; Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea aff003
Published in the journal: PLoS ONE 14(9)
Category: Research Article
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222559
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that has various physiological functions, such as roles in energy expenditure, glucose/lipid metabolism, and muscle development. In muscle development, myoblast proliferation is known to be a first step, and recent studies have reported that an increased irisin level is involved in the promotion of cell proliferation in various cell types, including myoblasts. However, the exact mechanism of action by which irisin promotes myoblast proliferation has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine the pro-proliferative effect of irisin on C2C12 myoblasts and its mechanism of action. Irisin induced C2C12 cell proliferation and upregulated the mRNA levels of markers of proliferation Pcna, Mki67, and Mcm2. Irisin increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and U0126, an ERK pathway inhibitor, suppressed irisin-induced C2C12 cell proliferation. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analysis showed that Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, and C3 are potential downstream regulators of ERK signaling that promote C2C12 cell proliferation. Knockdown of Ccl7 revealed that irisin upregulates chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) and subsequently promotes C2C12 cell proliferation. These results suggest that irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation via ERK-dependent CCL7 upregulation and may aid in understanding how irisin contributes to muscle development.
Biology and life sciences – Cell biology – Cell processes – Cell proliferation – Cellular types – Animal cells – Stem cells – Myoblasts – Signal transduction – Cell signaling – Signaling cascades – ERK signaling cascade – Genetics – Gene expression – Gene regulation – Small interfering RNAs – Genomics – Genome analysis – Transcriptome analysis – Biochemistry – Nucleic acids – RNA – Non-coding RNA – Computational biology – Medicine and health sciences – Immunology – Immune response – Research and analysis methods – Bioassays and physiological analysis – Biochemical analysis – Colorimetric assays – MTS assay – Enzyme assays
Irisin is a recently identified myokine that is induced by exercise and stimulates brown-fat-like development of white fat and energy expenditure in humans and mice [1, 2]. Boström et al. [2] found that transgenic mice overexpressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC1α), a well-known mediator of the effect of exercise, exhibit upregulation of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) expression, and irisin is released by proteolytic cleavage of FNDC5. Irisin is mainly secreted from muscle and has been detected in various organs, such as the adipose tissue, brain, liver, kidney, and muscle itself [1, 3].
Irisin has physiological functions, such as roles in glucose/lipid metabolism, the regulation of cell proliferation, endothelial function, mitochondrial biogenesis, and the inhibition of oxidative stress, in various organs. Several studies have shown that irisin promotes the proliferation of endothelial cells [4] and osteoblasts [5]. In skeletal muscle, irisin induces myogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against muscle atrophy and bone loss [6], and a recent study has reported that irisin promotes C2C12 cell proliferation [7, 8]. However, the mechanisms of action involved in irisin-induced proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts have not been elucidated.
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 [CCL7, also known as monocyte-chemotactic protein 3 (MCP3)] is a chemokine that functions as a chemoattractant for leukocytes such as monocytes and neutrophils. CCL7 is widely expressed in various cell types and can contribute to anti-inflammatory responses; however, abnormal CCL7 levels can lead to inflammation and tumorigenesis [9, 10]. Some studies have shown that CCL7 promotes the proliferation of smooth muscle cells [11] and astrocytes [12]; however, a pro-proliferative effect of CCL7 on myoblasts has not been reported so far.
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the pro-proliferative effect of irisin on C2C12 myoblasts and its mechanisms of action. Irisin was found to increase C2C12 cell proliferation through the ERK signaling pathway. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that irisin-regulated genes were mainly involved in the immune response, and Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, and C3 were upregulated by irisin via the ERK signaling pathway in C2C12 cells. CCL7 was confirmed to promote C2C12 cell proliferation, and knockdown of Ccl7 abolished irisin-induced C2C12 cell proliferation.
Materials and methods
U0126 (an MEK1/2 inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA). Human recombinant irisin (≥90%) was purchased from Caymen Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Murine C3 recombinant protein was purchased from Novus (Littleton, CO, USA). Murine MCP-3 (CCL7) recombinant protein was purchased from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Antibodies specific to detect Thr202/Tyr204-phospho ERK, total ERK, Tyr180/182-phospho p38, total p38 were obtained from Cell Signaling Biotechnology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies specific to β-actin (C-4) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The protein assay kit was obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA).
Cell culture and MTS assay
Murine myoblast C2C12 cells were maintained in DMEM containing 10% FBS (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA), 100 U/ml of penicillin and 100 mg/ml of streptomycin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator. To estimate cell viability, C2C12 cells were seeded at 1×103 cells/well in 96-well plates and incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. After 24 hours, the C2C12 cells were treated with irisin, ccl7, or c3 recombinant proteins for indicated times, and 100 μL of MTS solution in the presence of phenazine methosulphate was added to each well. After 1 hour of incubation, the absorbance levels for formazan at 490 and 630 nm were measured by using a microplate reader.
Western blotting
For Western blot assays, C2C12 cells (2×105 cells / dish) were seeded in 10 cm dishes for 24 hours. The cells were serum-starved for 4 hours and then treated with irisin for indicated times or concentrations. Then, the cells were collected and washed twice with cold PBS, before lysis in Cell Lysis Buffer (Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA, USA) and maintained on ice for 30 min. The lysate protein was washed via centrifugation and the concentration determined using a DC Protein Assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories) following manufacturer's instructions. The lysate was subjected to 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (Millipore, Immobilon®-P transfer membrane). After transferring, the membranes were incubated with the specific primary antibodies at 4°C overnight. Protein bands were visualized using a chemiluminescence detection kit (ATTO, Tokyo, Japan) after hybridization with a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody.
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR
Total RNA was isolated using the RNeasy® Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Reverse transcription of RNA was performed with the ReverTra Ace® qPCR RT Master Mix (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan). First-strand cDNA was prepared from 1 μg total RNA. The real-time PCR reaction was performed in a volume of 20 μl containing 0.1 μg of cDNA, 1 μM of each primer (Table 1), and Power SYBR® Green PCR Master Mix (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA). The thermal cycling was carried out in a StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems) with a program of 95°C for 5 min., followed by 40 cycles with denaturation at 95°C for 5 sec., annealing and elongation at 60°C for 10 sec. The gene expression levels were normalized to the expression level of the GAPDH housekeeping gene. Relative gene expression changes, calculated using the 2-ΔΔCT method, are reported as number-fold changes compared to those in the control samples. For microarray analysis, total RNA was pooled from n = 3 biological replicates and processed in BioCore (Seoul, Republic of Korea) as described below.
Microarray for gene expression analysis
The quality and quantity of total RNAs were assessed by Agilent bioanalyzer 2100 analysis. Analysis of gene expression was performed using GeneChip® Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA). In situ synthesis of eleven pairs of oligonucleotide probes was conducted for each gene. Single stranded-DNA (ssDNA) was fragmented and labeled from 500 ng of total RNA (GeneChip® WT PLUS Reagent Kit Manual, Affymetrix). After DNA fragmentation, ssDNA was subjected to hybridization for 16 hours at 45°C (60 rpm; GeneChip® Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array). The GeneChips were washed stained, and then scanned using the Affymetrix GeneChip Scanner 3000 7G. The scanned data were converted to intensity values, which were normalized and log transformed.
Knockdown of CCL7
For knockdown of CCL7, C2C12 cells were transfected with scrambled (Cat No. SN-1002, Bioneer, Daejeon, Republic of Korea) or 10 μM murine CCL7 siRNA (Cat No. 1336008 (#1), 1336007 (#2), Bioneer, Daejeon, Republic of Korea) by using Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), following the manufacturer's suggested protocols. The transfected cells were then used in subsequent experiments.
Statistical analysis
Where appropriate, data are expressed as the means ± standard deviation (SD), and significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. A probability value of p < 0.05 was used as the criterion for statistical significance.
Irisin promotes proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts
The effect of irisin treatment on C2C12 myoblast proliferation was evaluated. Irisin treatment significantly promoted C2C12 cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner (Fig 1A). In addition, this effect was attenuated in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Fig 1B). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker of proliferation Ki-67 (MKI67), and minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2) are known to be representative markers of cell proliferation [13]. Irisin significantly increased the mRNA expression of the genes encoding PCNA (Pcna), Ki-67 (Mki67), and MCM2 (Mcm2) in C2C12 cells (Fig 1C).
Irisin promotes C2C12 cell proliferation mainly through activation of ERK signaling
The ERK and p38 signaling pathways have been reported to be involved in irisin-mediated promotion of proliferation of various cell types [4, 14, 15]. To assess the upstream signaling pathways involved in irisin-promoted proliferation of C2C12 cells, the effects of irisin treatment on the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 were evaluated. Irisin increased ERK but not p38 phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner in C2C12 cells (Fig 2A). Irisin increased ERK phosphorylation levels the most at 20 min after treatment, while p38 phosphorylation levels were not changed by irisin treatment (Fig 2B). To confirm the effects of ERK and p38 pathway inhibition on irisin-promoted C2C12 cell proliferation, C2C12 cells were treated with an ERK pathway inhibitor, U0126, or a p38 pathway inhibitor, SB203580, in the presence of irisin. U0126 treatment strongly suppressed irisin-promoted C2C12 cell proliferation at 24, 48, and 72 hours, however, SB203580 inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation only at 72 hours after irisin treatment (Fig 2C).
Irisin upregulates the immune-related transcriptome in C2C12 cells
To evaluate which genes are involved in irisin-promoted C2C12 cell proliferation, we performed transcriptomic analysis using a microarray. A total of 57 genes were upregulated (fold change ≥ 2) and 18 genes were downregulated (fold change ≤ 0.5) following irisin treatment (500 ng/ml) compared to levels in the control group (S1 Fig). These 75 genes were subjected to gene enrichment analysis in terms of biological processes, and immune response-related biological processes (inflammatory response, chemotaxis, etc.) were largely associated with irisin-regulated gene expression changes (Fig 3A). Five genes, Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, C3, and Pdgfra were involved in both immune response and positive regulation of ERK cascade (Fig 3B and S1 Table). Upregulation of these genes following irisin treatment was validated in C2C12 cells by qRT-PCR analysis (Fig 3C). In addition, treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 significantly suppressed irisin-induced Ccl2, C3, Ccl7, and Ccl8 gene expression in C2C12 cells (Fig 3D).
CCL7 promotes proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts
Several studies have reported that C3 and CCL7 induce proliferation of lung and neuronal cells, respectively [12, 16]. Thus, we evaluated whether C3 and CCL7 promote C2C12 cell proliferation. CCL7 but not C3 significantly increased C2C12 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner (Fig 4A). CCL7 also increased expression of the cell proliferation markers Mki67 and Mcm2 in C2C12 cells (Fig 4B). To further confirm the effect of CCL7 on C2C12 cell proliferation, we performed Ccl7 knockdown in C2C12 myoblasts (Fig 4C). While irisin promoted C2C12 cell proliferation, Ccl7 knockdown suppressed irisin-induced C2C12 cell proliferation (Fig 4D).
The recently identified protein irisin is an exercise-induced myokine involved in the mechanism of the effects of exercise on weight reduction [2], insulin resistance [17], and skeletal muscle development [8]. For muscle development, myoblast proliferation is required for the development of myotubes and muscle fibers [18]. Consistent with our results, some studies have shown that irisin induces C2C12 myoblast proliferation [7, 8]. In addition, it has been reported that irisin promotes osteoblast and endothelial cell proliferation through the ERK and/or p38 MAPK signaling pathways [5, 19]. Thus, we assumed that the ERK and/or p38 MAPK signaling pathways may be associated with irisin-induced proliferation of C2C12 cells, and our results indeed showed that irisin increases ERK phosphorylation and that irisin-induced cell proliferation is inhibited by a specific ERK pathway inhibitor in C2C12 cells. These results suggest that irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation through the ERK signaling pathway.
To identify which genes are regulated by irisin treatment, we performed transcriptomic analysis in C2C12 myoblasts. Interestingly, most irisin-regulated genes were involved in immune response-related biological functions, and five of these genes (Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, C3, and Pdgfra) were confirmed to be upregulated via the ERK signaling pathway in C2C12 cells. A previous study has also shown that Ccl2 and Ccl7 are upregulated by irisin treatment in C2C12 cells [8]. Treatment with an ERK pathway inhibitor, U0126, inhibited irisin-induced Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, and C3 gene expression in C2C12 cells, suggesting that irisin upregulates the expression of three chemokines (Ccl2, Ccl7, and Ccl8) and C3 in C2C12 myoblasts.
According to our results, we hypothesized that Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, and C3 encode potential downstream regulators of irisin that promote C2C12 cell proliferation. Since C3 and CCL7 are reported to induce proliferation in some cells [12, 16], the effects of C3 and CCL7 on C2C12 cell proliferation were further evaluated. Our results showed that CCL7 but not C3 induced C2C12 cell proliferation. In addition, knockdown of Ccl7 abolished irisin-induced C2C12 cell proliferation. CCL7 has been reported to show pro-proliferative effects in human vascular muscle cells via ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling pathways [20]. Moreover, interfering with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced CCL7 expression using a tissue factor pathway inhibitor suppressed human vascular muscle cell proliferation [21]. CCL7 has been reported to be abnormally expressed in the lung [22] and renal carcinoma [23], and to show pro-proliferative effect in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 [24]. Collectively, these results suggest that CCL7, which is upregulated by irisin treatment, functions as a positive regulator of C2C12 myoblast proliferation.
In conclusion, we have revealed the mechanism of action by which irisin induces C2C12 myoblast cell proliferation. Namely, irisin increases the expression of immune response-related genes such as Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, and C3 via the ERK signaling pathway. CCL7 was confirmed to promote C2C12 cell proliferation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation by upregulating CCL7 via the ERK signaling pathway. These results may aid in understanding how irisin regulates the proliferation of myoblasts, the initial step in muscle development.
Supporting information
S1 Fig [tif]
Heatmap visualization of differential gene expression levels between control and irisin-treated C2C12 cells.
S1 Table [docx]
Gene ontology analysis.
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text: When Brianne first met Clay Hawkins, he was the quintessential bad boy. Over the years his bad moods became frequent violent outbreaks. He soon became both physically and emotional abusive to Brianne and their daughter. Clay was capable of anything - including murder. In the face of insurmountable adversity, a family must come together with unwavering strength to fight the law and the odds.WATCH


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WE have seen the strange membership of the NSC connected with the White house- people formerly connected to the Mafia and Jewish causes. P. TRump now has to deal with this corruption in operation in places like the Ukraine. They, backed by Soros, are the corruption in these countries, and we are being told by them they are ridding the Ukraine of corruption.
We find the same constellation of characters and funding sources connected with the DNC and the primaries. They are forming the IT and support services for the DNC, and many are connected to Obama, Soros, the Clintons, and companies like Google. Immediately in Iowa this underpinning for the Democratic Party is involved in switching votes out for others, and placing in Pete Buttigieg's name. Is ButtaBoy the globalist choice? IS the DNC free to operate on its own without these services? Why doesn't the DNC rid itself of this? There is no need for them to allow international people to come in and influence their operation. They are a national party after all. In fact, they do not require partisan companies to provide their services. there is no need for electronic manipulators- it is possible to mark paper ballots and count them by hand. It could be that people that shuffle money to campaigns demand the possibly to do so.
These mafia people are also involved in Opportunity Zones, involving globalist investors, locals, and progressive connected organizations. They would like to make every city like Los Angeles. Individuals have international connections, many from Latin America, but also other places like Russia, China, India, and Muslim countries. They provide anything: drugs, IT, prostitutes, managerial services, hitmen, money laundering, money from foreign sources, or even children. One Muslim provides campaign money from Arabs, appropriately laundered, in return for promises to lift the travel ban from Muslim countries. Can they attack the DNC or elcction operations? Sure, especially if they do not get their way. This explains the Pakastani Awan brothers, who worked for Debbie Wasserman Schultz, who were used to spy on Republican Congressmen I presume, who walked off with all classified material channeled through their services. There is the DNC server incident, and reports of pizza and children. There is the fake murder of Seth Rich (friend of Clintons, relative of Mark Rich). Who have been the victims of Jeff Epstein? Who has copies of his files?
Besides his Gay globalist agenda, Pete is connected with the mob through the South Bend Opportunity Zone. No one should want him to be president, unless they want to destroy the United States.


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New York Times Bestselling Author
This navy SEAL is on a top-secret mission of seduction…
David Holloway is used to hard assignments. Now he faces his most difficult yet: cozying up to the soft curves of Swan Jamison. He wants to know the island beauty…in every way. But romancing Swan as part of his SEAL team's mission tests his honor, even as his feelings become increasingly real. Soon he must make a choice: duty…or desire?
A Westmoreland Legacy Novel
RT Top Pick of the Month!
"Having a relationship begin with a lie is a risky gamble, but Brenda Jackson not only makes this trope believable, she does so with expert writing and a network of evocative characters readers can rally behind."
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Before Cali Kulture Wholesale, we were A1 Wholesale. We supplied gas stations and convenience stores with a variety of goods. We developed a thriving business by diligently collaborating with consumers to solve their concerns and needs. Eventually, we noticed many of our customers began carrying smoke and vape products. They often complained that although the demand existed, profit margins were slim. In addition, they did not have time to vet products hence the stereotype of gas stations carrying low-quality vape and smoke products developed. After receiving this feedback from our customers, we launched a new business in 2009 to address their needs: Cali Kulture.
We are a wholesale distributor of vape, smoke, CBD, and glass products based in Tucker, GA. We cater to retail businesses both small and large nationwide with quality curated inventory.
We know the struggles and stress of managing a retail smoke shop business. We understand the frustrations in sourcing relevant and profit-margin friendly merchandise from wholesalers with prohibitive minimum order requirements. Cali Kulture was designed to give all businesses an equal opportunity to thrive with our no minimum order and free shipping on orders over $250. (With shipment tracking!) We give you the support needed to compete with both online and brick and mortar goliaths in this competitive market. We only carry legitimate products from the best brands.
Create an account with us and start shopping today! Or contact us by phone to connect with a sales associate for bulk order discounts!
If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to contact us through our live chat assistance from 9:30 a.m. to 6:30 pm. (Eastern Time Zone)


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Organizing Business Events & Expos
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Maine Supporting Maine strives to bring our community together to support and strengthen our local businesses, organizing Expos and Events throughout Maine.
Our State offers a wonderful culture of supporting their own. We are extremely grateful for the support we have received from our local community.
Our events are family friendly and offer a wide variety of exhibitors. MSM is proud to create awareness of our local businesses while offering to guests quality services and products.
Maine Supporting Maine is looking forward to a time when we can begin to host events again. We are working diligently to learn everything that we can about how to keep people safe and healthy as the state of Maine begins to slowly re-open businesses. We have missed you all very much and we hope that you're staying safe and healthy