text:
What are we campaigning for?
Target Ovarian Cancer research found that nearly half of women are waiting three months or more from first approaching their GP to receiving a diagnosis.
It's vital more women know the symptoms of ovarian cancer so they can visit their GP at the earliest opportunity but also that GPs can refer women for diagnostic tests quickly and the route towards receiving a diagnosis is as short as possible.
What needs to change?
- Guidelines for diagnosing ovarian cancer: England, Wales and Northern Ireland follow guidelines that recommend women with possible symptoms of ovarian cancer are referred for a CA125 blood test. If this measures higher than normal levels of CA125 protein, GPs should then refer women for an ultrasound. In Scotland however, where different guidelines are followed, women can be referred for a CA125 blood test and an ultrasound at the same time. Target Ovarian Cancer is calling for this to be the case across the UK to speed up the time taken to diagnose ovarian cancer.
- Rapid Diagnostic Centres: The NHS Long Term Plan commits to more Rapid Diagnostic Centres being rolled out. These centres are designed to help GPs when it isn't clear or they are not sure where to refer a patient. Target Ovarian Cancer is calling for Rapid Diagnostic Centres to be rolled out across the country and accessible to all patients with vague or less specific symptoms.
- New targets: The Faster Diagnosis Standard was set out in the NHS Long Term Plan. The target says that all patients suspected of having cancer should have cancer diagnosed or ruled out in 28 days. Target Ovarian Cancer will continue campaigning to ensure the target is met so women who may have ovarian cancer receive a diagnosis as soon as possible.
How can you get involved?
Over 14,000 of you have already added your name to our call to action demanding UK governments act to transform early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. To make sure our voices are heard by decision makers, it's vital that as many of us as possible get involved. If you believe in a future where every woman diagnosed with ovarian cancer has the best possible chance of survival, add your name now.


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Approved Used Kitchens
Click here to read more
Here you will find an extensive range of pre-installed/used designer kitchens such as SieMatic, Harvey Jones, Smallbone of Devizes, Clive Christian, Poggenpohl, Schuller etc and Household named brands like Howdens, Ikea and Magnet. More often than not, they are complete kitchens and come with appliances from top brands such as Gaggenau, Miele, Bosch and Neff.
We update our shop daily, so if you would like to find out about new kitchens as they are listed, please register with us for a weekly update.
Click on the kitchen images below for detailed product information, measurements and photos. For a more targeted search, please use the sort bar to your left. Here you will be able to search for used kitchens within your price bracket or for specific brands. Or maybe try our more generic search terms: German Kitchens, Shaker Kitchens, In-frame or Handleless.
And for your peace of mind….
- We only sell Approved Used kitchens
- You don't pay for dismantle, this is professionally done for you and is included in the sales price
- All kitchens have our 14 Day Purchase Protection Policy
- Ask about our Specialist Delivery Service.
When you find a kitchen you like all you need to do is click the I'm Interested button and tell us how you would like to proceed.
Still unsure? Click here to read more about 'how it works' or contact us.
Showing 1–9 of 67 results
Approved Used Kitchen, Large SieMatic (German), Gaggenau/Mie...£11,999
Approved Used Kitchen, Poggenpohl (German), Gaggenau/Miele A...£6,499
Approved Used Gaggenau Refrigeration Unit, Wine Cooler, Surr...£4,500
Approved Used Kitchen, Large Charles Yorke, Falcon Range Ove...£13,499
Approved Used Kitchen, Large Painted Shaker, Hertfordshire£5,499
Brand New Kitchen Island, Martin Moore, Miele, Vincent Sheph...£5,499
Approved Used Kitchen, Large In Frame Shaker with Island, He...£12,999
Approved Used Kitchen, Painted In Frame Shaker, Range Oven, ...£6,999
Approved Used Kitchen, Large Modern Leicht (German), Scotlan...£8,999
Showing 1–9 of 67 results

subset: commoncrawl


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Emmanuel Macron warns Boris Johnson that if Britain kept £39bn Brexit divorce payment it would be a sovereign debt default with dire consequences for UK economy
- French President warns of ominous 'consequences' of 'debt default' plan
- Boris Johnson claims he is the only one who can defeat Farage and Corbyn
- He urged Conservative MPs and members to back him as their next leader
- Boris said he would refuse to pay the promised £39 billion to the European Union unless better Brexit terms are on offer
Boris Johnson has vowed to deliver Brexit and keep hold of the £39billion divorce payment unless better exit terms are offered
French President Emmanuel Macron has warned ominously that Boris Johnson's threat to withhold the UK's £39bn 'divorce bill' payment from the EU could be treated like a sovereign debt default.
Nations which do not repay money they have borrowed – those which default on their sovereign debt – are punished by international markets.
A debt default leads to devaluation of the currency, an increase in the price of servicing national debt, and a lower national credit score – although it is unknown whether the international financial markets would respond in line with historical precedent in this case.
It comes after Boris Johnson vowed to deliver Brexit and keep hold of the £39billion divorce payment from the EU unless better exit terms are offered – as he insisted only he can defeat Labour and the Brexit Party.
The leadership campaign front-runner pleaded with Conservative MPs and members, saying he would be prepared to refuse to pay the promised £39 billion to the European Union – and would step up preparations to counter no-deal 'disruption'.
'I think our friends and partners need to understand that the money is going to be retained until such time as we have greater clarity about the way forward,' Johnson told the Sunday Times. 'In getting a good deal, money is a great solvent and a great lubricant.'
But a source close to French President Emmanuel Macron countered that failure to pay the Brexit bill would be equivalent to a sovereign debt default.
French President Emmanuel Macron warned that not paying the £39bn would be treated like a sovereign debt default
What is a sovereign debt default?
Nation states which do not – or cannot – repay money they have borrowed within the agreed timescale are said to have defaulted on their sovereign debt.
In recent history, Venezuela defaulted on $65bn two years ago in the grips of economic meltdown, and Greece failed to make a payment in 2015 during the debt crisis which nearly led to the country's departure from the EU.
Although it remains possible to borrow money after a default (several Latin American countries are repeat offenders) the increased likelihood of default is priced in to the cost of borrowing.
So in UK terms the payments offered by the UK government to those who buy its debt (bond yields) would have to go up to make the debt a more attracted proposition.
This would increase the cost of borrowing and increase the percentage of the UK's GDP spent on financing that debt – leaving less money for schools, hospitals, or tax cuts.
The pound would also likely fall, and Britain would find its rating among international credit agencies further downgraded.
However it remains to be seen how the markets would treat a non-payment of the divorce bill, since the UK would not exhibit the underlying economic weaknesses of a nation which cannot pay its debt.
'Not honouring your payment obligations is a failure of international commitments equivalent to a sovereign debt default, whose consequences are well known,' the source said.
The revelations come as the Sunday Times reported that the first time Donald Trump tried to call Boris Johnson recently he assumed it was a hoax.
Johnson said someone with a mild Irish accent had called him claiming to be from the Downing Street switchboard, saying they would put him through to the White House situation room.
The Tory frontrunner said: 'Thinking quickly as I do, I said, 'To all our listeners on Radio Kilkenny, I was not fooled for an instant'.'
Leadership rival Michael Gove set out plans to replace VAT after Brexit with a 'lower, simpler' sales tax.
And Sajid Javid's campaign received a boost with an endorsement from Scottish Tory leader Ruth Davidson.
In his first major interview of the campaign, Mr Johnson told the Sunday Times he could defeat the twin threat posed by the leaders of the Brexit Party and Labour – comparing them to the sea monsters from Greek mythology which troubled Odysseus.
'I truly believe only I can steer the country between the Scylla and Charybdis of Corbyn and Farage and on to calmer water.
'This can only be achieved by delivering Brexit as promised on October 31 and delivering a One Nation Tory agenda.'
On Brexit, he said he would scrap the backstop – something the EU has so far refused to do – and would settle the Irish border issue only when Brussels is ready to agree to a future relationship.
The £39 billion settlement would only be paid when there is 'greater clarity' about the way forward, he said.
'I always thought it was extraordinary that we should agree to write the entire cheque before having a final deal,' he said. 'In getting a good deal, money is a great solvent and a great lubricant.'
The former foreign secretary received backing from prominent Brexiteer Steve Baker – who had been considering his own leadership bid.
Meanwhile leadership rival Michael Gove set out plans to replace VAT after Brexit with a 'lower, simpler' sales tax
He also picked up endorsements from Cabinet ministers James Brokenshire, Chris Grayling and Alun Cairns, and former international development secretary Priti Patel.
Mr Gove sought to focus once more on policy issues after the revelations about his past cocaine use.
Writing in the Sunday Telegraph, he set out a 'pro-business economic plan' to take on Mr Corbyn's 'Marxist message'.
Mr Gove said his plan would mean 'reducing the regulations which hold business back', cutting taxes and 'using the opportunity of life outside the EU to look to replace VAT with a lower, simpler sales tax'.
Pictured: Nigel Farage, leader of the Brexit party hands in a petition to 10 Downing Street on June 7, 2019 in London
Ms Davidson's decision to back Mr Javid came as he set out his own plan to tackle the Irish border issue – by spending hundreds of millions on a technological solution.
The support of Ms Davidson, a popular figure in the party who has revitalised the Tories in Scotland, was welcomed by Mr Javid.
'Ruth knows a winner when she sees one,' he told the Mail on Sunday.
The Home Secretary also said there is a moral duty on the UK to pay for measures at the Irish border in an effort to secure a Brexit breakthrough.
'I think it's morally justified to pay for that because we both have signed the Good Friday Agreement, we are both absolutely committed to peace on the island of Ireland and – given that we voted to leave and that's what's changing the status quo on the island of Ireland – I think it's morally right that we say, 'look, we'll pay because we've caused this'.'
Rory Stewart's camp, meanwhile, said he is the challenger best placed to take on Mr Johnson, pointing to polling by Opinium which puts him neck-and-neck with the former foreign secretary on the question of 'would they make a good prime minister'.
Mr Stewart said it is 'very encouraging', but he cautioned there are 'many steps still between here and Downing Street'.
As Theresa May resigned as Tory leader on Friday, the starting gun was fired for the race to replace her.
The nomination process will take place on Monday, with candidates requiring eight MPs to back them in order to enter the race, with the first round of voting on Thursday.
Source: Read Full Article


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[b]Will you say to Jesus "Depart from me?"[/b] The Gadarenes prayed to Jesus to depart from their coasts (Mark 5:17). They had good reason to do so. He purged demons from a man by ordering them to enter a herd of swine which then ran down a slope into the sea and drowned. The Gadarenes thus lost their property and food for themselves and their children. How would you have reacted if the entrance of Jesus into your life had meant the loss of your home, your car, your bank account or your job? Perhaps you would continue to use holy phrases but not meaning them. The Gadarenes uttered a prayer which was at least sincere, "Depart from us, Jesus." Jesus is accustomed to being driven out. In Holman Hunt's renowned picture, The Light of the World, the Lord is shown begging entrance at a house, His feet turned, not towards the door, but towards the roadway. He has more chance of being refused than accepted, because to accept Him costs so dearly. The apostle Paul writes, "For Christ Jesus my Lord, I have suffered the loss of all things, and do count them but dung, that I may win Christ" (Philippians 3:8). Do we also look upon our nice furniture, a new car, the better job we just got, the money we possess, as upon repulsive dung? He wished to get away from itthe sooner the better. Is this our attitude towards earthly possessions? Whoever wishes to win Christ must lose them. Friendship with Jesus is costly. Faith alone saves, but faith does not exist alone. It is always accompanied by great sacrifices for Christ's sake. The first revelation of God was given in Hebrew, a language in which the verb "to have" does not exist. You cannot say in Hebrew, "I have so much money, I have a house or a car," because the Hebrews did not "have" anything. They did not even have the concept of "having." The only possessor of all possessions is God, and you can possess Him. Regarding all other things, you can only be their steward. This is why Christians ask the heavenly Father to give them daily bread. Seemingly, they already have it in a cupboard or the money to buy it, and need not ask for it. But neither the cupboard, the bread, nor the money is theirs. It is God's bread and He can command you not to eat today, but to fast. You can eat the bread from the cupboard only with His permission. Preachers who promise prosperity, good health and continual joy if you come to Jesus, lead you astray. On the contrary, you might lose a "herd of swine." You are meant to lose all. "He that forsakes not all that he has, cannot be my disciple" says the Lord (Luke 14:33). Because of this, the real prayer of most people is not what they speak with their lips, but, "Depart from us, Jesus." Happily this is not the prayer of all.In Lebanon, Christians are killed by Communist-indoctrinated and armed Palestinians, but God's true children do not lose their lives by bullets. They have already lost them at the moment of their conversion. Their lives are no longer their own.I share with you a letter found on the body of a Lebanese Christian student aged twenty-two, who was shot while peacefully on his way to Nabha to share Christmas with his family there.If my foreboding is fulfilled that I will be killed on this way, I tell my mother and my family: Do not be sad, do not weep exceedingly. My absence will be short and we will see each other in heaven. There joy reigns. Do not fear. God's mercy will reunite us. I have only one request. Forgive from all your heart those who have killed me. Pray with me that my blood, though it is that of a sinner, might be accepted for the sins of Lebanon, that it might be accepted together with the blood of the victims of all religions . . . May my death teach men love . . . Pray and pray and love your enemies. If Abou-Khalil can give some of his planks for a coffin, I will lie very well in it. Please, make no burial meal. May men forgive me. I am dust. I, a sinner, in Jesus Christ, Ghasibe Kayrouz.I am a Jew and feel proud to have such an Arab as my brother in Christ. When he accepted Jesus, he had lost everything, even the desire to live on earth one more day than God ordained. He lost all enmity towards those who might take his life. Forgiving his murderers was as easy for him as breathing.[i]- taken from Where Christ Still Suffers by R.Wurmbrand[/i]
Tears-Wonderful post. So many things that could be said.
but God's true children do not lose their lives by bullets. They have already lost them at the moment of their conversion. Their lives are no longer their own.
Even the breath in our bodies belongs to God, so we should know that everything else that we have is His.Job 1v21 ... the Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away. Blessed be the name of the Lord.Whether good or bad, we and all we have belongs to God. So, we should not feel bad about losing anything.We might, but we should recognise God testing us in it, whether we will continue in Him or not when adversity comes. And it will come.God bless.
Thank you for posting this article.
Faith alone saves, but faith does not exist alone. It is always accompanied by great sacrifices for Christ's sake.
_________________Ron Halverson


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From the creator of CHEW-a horrifying vision of space!
Captain Rigg is prepared to test his new ship and crew by flying them straight into the heart of demon-infested space. One small problem: he didn't brief them beforehand...
The Outer Darkness is perfect for Star Trek fans looking for something new and exciting. Read Full Review
From the script to the art, Outer Darkness fuses its inspirations into a wonderfully nightmarish blend. Get on board before it's turned into a hit TV show! Read Full Review
There's something interesting about Afu Chan's approach to drawing Outer Darkness. Read Full Review
This issue is basically just to let us know that the leader of the ship may be a bit careless and a bit of a hothead tyrant. I smell a mutiny story coming, It is slightly predictable. Read Full Review
A fun, yet strange, journey through space... with magic. Read Full Review
A nice mix of supernatural and sci-fi. It's a fun read. It's like a Ghostbusters kind of horror... like not scary in the slightest. However, Riggs is a dick and his methods are definitely questionable.
A better second issue follows the first. The art is still a little off-kilter, but less annoyingly cartoonish in this issue. It's hard to define why this might be, given that it is the same style - perhaps the colouring helps more here. This isn't to say that the artwork feels completely right, but it doesn't feel as wrong as in the first issue.
The issue also feels tighter narratively. While nothing particularly ground breaking happens, what is presented is a taut a d serves a clear narrative purpose. The first issue was a bit of a mess in this regard, but equally annoying was the throwing multiple ideas and features of the world at you without any explanation. Thankfully, the script doesn't go down the same road, but rather more


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Push bars for doors is look like a rod or several rods and is attached to a door from both their end points. The finest push bars are made from metals such as pure brass and bronze. These styles of push bars are coupled on the doors of commercial establishments such as restaurants, bars, banks and office buildings.
But, how do you get traffic, enough traffic that could make a small percentage of eventual buyers enough to make a good profit. Many big companies generate traffic of tens of thousands a day and a measly ten to fifteen percent actually buys, but that small percentage is enough to provide them with good business.
With flipping products as with any business idea, you need to create a budget and stick to it. The budget should include how much money you have to spend on various aspects of flipping. Once you start to make money, invest some of the cash back into it so that you can purchase other items to flip.
The whole of humanity is going through consciousness transformation and purification. During this time of fine-tuning, we are releasing residual energy blockages of guilt and shame. We held on to other's judgments in our energy body. We held on to our own. It's time to come out of self-judgment and let it go. Unforgiveness is holding on; forgiveness is letting go. It is self-destructive to hang on to judgments. It is a stain on our energy system of being.
Collect as many read it here coins as you can. You can get them by completing certain tasks like feeding the chickens, harvesting the crops, and clearing rocks from your land.
Ever call 911 in an emergency? And you're always worried about what's the response time? What's the response time to your dream of your why, when it calls out? You're in emergency mode. You're listening to the wrong people. They're stealing your dream.
If you do not take out the time to practice, you are going to be in a world of hurt. Let your fingers get used to different positions and train them to work without looking at the next or the strings. Those who do not practice each day are typically the ones that do not play for very long. If you are truly dedicated you are going to practice on a regular basis.
Now is the right time to learn electric guitar and have some fun with it. Once you start learning songs, you can have fun with your friends or just keep playing for yourself. Get started and make sure that you have all of the right equipment to work with.


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If you're finding OCZ Vertex SATA II 2.5&8243; Solid State Drive Limited Edition pics, information or features we take them here for using. Sclick.net primarily gather the high-level quality OCZ Vertex SATA II 2.5&8243; Solid State Drive Limited Edition pics, information or reviews for Sclick's visitors to use. Sclick.net staff and users daily supply latest fun or electronic gadgets reviews.
Review of this new gadget – Designed to push the envelope in storage technology based on a cutting-edge new architecture, OCZ launched its new Vertex 2.5″ SSD Limited Edition which can talk well with your Linux and Windows-based system. Although it's limited edition, OCZ didn't put any unique color painting as I imagine. It looks like OCZ still in line with black color as its characteristic and only put "Limited Edition" word on the surface.
OCZ Vertex SATA II 2.5″ SSD LE performs up to 270MB/s read speed, up to 250MB write speed in maximum performance will surely bringing you an excellent and quick-responsive performance in your laptop or netbook. In addition, it's also featuring with Native TRIM support, RAID support, shock resistant up to 1500G and has 0.1 seek time.
Compacted in 99.8×69.63x93mm dimension and available in two size storage: 100GB and 200GB, OCZ Vertex SATA II SSD LE is available now in limited time with as always a 3-years warranty. [source]
Sclick.net is a gadgets review with pics, graphics, photographs, images, video recordings, and such. blog with webmaster's comment. The contents are uploaded by users or webmaster. All of the content on this blog (including pictures, graphics, photos, images, video recordings, and such.) is covered under Canadian, US and international copyright and trademark laws. The data contained in this website is for general data purposes only. These pictures, graphics, photos, images, videos, and such. have been collected from different public sources including various internet sites (blogs, etc.), considering to be in public domain. Certain other content, pics, graphics, photos, images, videos, something like that. displayed on Sclick.net are protected by copyright and are the property of their respective owners. Sclick.net retains no copyright to pictures, graphics, photos, images, video recordings, something like that on this site. We have no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the blog or the informations. If you find any content, pics, graphics, photographs, images, video recordings, and so on that you believe shouldn't be here, post me a removal message.


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I'm hoping to start developing some products to sell but am trying to wrap my head around how Clickbank works.
I know I've ordered products in the past and always have to indicate what county I live in so the right sales tax can be calculated.
Is this done automatically, as a condition of selling via clickbank?
Does clickbank then send me (vendor) the entire amount (including sales tax) and then I pay the sales tax to state?
TIA for helping me clear my head


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Remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads Effectively From Chrome: How To Uninstall Mp3-youtube.download Ads
Mp3-youtube.download Ads Removal : Delete Mp3-youtube.download Ads And Other Malware Completely From PC.
About Mp3-youtube.download Ads
Are you getting Mp3-youtube.download Ads? Do you want to get rid of these annoying ads? If yes then here you will know how to do that. First of all you need to know the source of these ads. These ads are delivered by an unsafe site Mp3-youtube.download which claim to provide useful feature. According to the site, it can convert any YouTube video into MP3 format. Seems useful at first but as reported by user's, it doesn't work every time and start executing unwanted activities in the system. The main purpose of these ads is to generate income for its author by promoting third party website.
Unsafe Impacts Of Mp3-youtube.download Ads
Mp3-youtube.download Ads is designed to propagate other malicious programs by publishing them and even being an advertising software, the search engine is hijacked by malicious sites. Its impact has been found on almost all popular browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, IE and many others. It's a really unpleasant nature, once the intrusion can let the system fail. It should not be long in removing it in case of infection of your computer. This can cause serious problems. Delete it as quickly as possible from your system.
In addition, Mp3-youtube.download Ads are not safe for your privacy because they result in redirection to dangerous sites. These cookies follow the site in your browser to record personal navigation data. Your data will be used to display ads that match your browsing habits to get more clicks from you.
Why Mp3-youtube.download Ads Appear On PC?
As already mentioned, these ads are served by Mp3-youtube.download. The ad supported sites extension comes with a free application downloaded from the unsecured site. When installing such a program, many users select the default settings that allow the hidden program to install on the system. Therefore, it is always advisable to select custom or advanced installation settings. If you want to stop Mp3-youtube.download Ads, you must first remove the potentially unwanted program from the PC.
How To Delete Mp3-youtube.download Ads From Computer
Mp3-youtube.download Ads is identified as very dangerous browser Hijacker which can enters to your system silently without your approval. Once it insert to your PC, it will redirect you to the other malicious malware and spread itself to whole Computer. While you are surfing online, you will see that in every web page there is a new tab. It can steal your personal data such as login ID, IP address, bank account details, cookies, your phone number, signature, cookies, your credit card number, transaction details and so on. Later hijackers can collect your sensitive details and send to the third party for illegal purpose. It can display ads on your web browser like banners, coupons, offers and others. Mp3-youtube.download Ads can destroy your all type of web browser like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Internet Explorer, Bing, Opera Mini and so on. This virus can redirect you to the commercial sites which were directly linked to the third party products. It can change your system default settings including DNS settings, host file System, home page settings, privacy settings, etc. So be careful while downloading or installing any free software from any unsafe websites, it's better to download application from their official websites.
Mp3-youtube.download Ads is very highly malicious virus that cause entire system damage after it invades your PC. It can displays unpleasant advertisements on random websites that you visit online. Be careful from this virus, do not click unfamiliar program which are showing on your screen. While you are trying to open any application installing on your system, it will take long time to open and even though will not open. It can enter in your system automatically and mass up your PC badly. You will get this infection install into your system when downloading free software from strange websites, read Spam attachments, infected links from social media site, peer-to-peer file sharing website, online games, visiting dangerous websites etc. It will also redirect you to some dangerous websites and might allow other PC infections like spy-ware, ransomware, adware, Trojan, redirect virus etc. It will download unwanted files and programs into your system and infect the system badly. This infection also display numerous advertisement and unreliable notification on the screen of your system in order to scare you or force you to purchase a rogue application.
Major Symptoms of Mp3-youtube.download Ads Virus Attack on PC
Mp3-youtube.download Ads is an extremely perilous threat that generates various unavoidable commercial ads which can hamper normal functioning of the PC and modifies Internet browsers settings. It attaches itself to the web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, safari, IE and shows bunch of pop-up ads every time you open it. Most of the time infectious files of this threat hides itself in system's background process so as to cover its identity from admin. Severity level of this worm will even cause system crash because it constantly downloads its supporting files. This virus additionally installs unwanted browser add-ons and plug-ins to your browser. In presence of this threat, the performance of your PC might degrade to large extent. Mp3-youtube.download Ads could send you to some unsafe websites and advertisements that don't seem to be trustworthy. Visiting its redirected sites could infect your PC with harmful malwares as this virus largely redirects you to phishing websites. Other awful threats are often come along with this virus. To being unseen from security programs, it deletes the windows registry items as well. Moreover, it will record your browsing history and transfer the collected data to cyber crooks. It typically displays ton of unreliable pop-ups, fake error messages, annoying ads and alerts. Mp3-youtube.download Ads endlessly spreads malicious code in web browsers so they may simply interfere users on-line activity with the sole objective to get cash.
Top Sources of Mp3-youtube.download Ads Virus Attack
If you are not careful enough while using your Computer then the Mp3-youtube.download Ads can enter and infect the system through various sources. You should be aware of different entry points of virus program so that it can be stopped and the computer and its data can be prevented. The system is always at a great risk if it is connected to the Internet because there are numerous sites that can automatically insert the virus program just on a click of a button. When you download any unknown software then it may contain the Mp3-youtube.download Ads along with it. So you must browse sites that are considered to be safe. There is a huge misconception that the virus can spread only in online mode but the truth is even if you have never used Internet on the computer it can still get infected. The sources are already infected computers, USB drives that carries malicious programs like the Mp3-youtube.download Ads. When you insert and transfer any data to your healthy PC it will surely get infected. These are some of the known sources that can inject the virus to your computer so you must be alert while performing any kind of data transfer that is happening either in the online or the offline mode.
Remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads from Control Panel
Follow the below mentioned steps carefully in order to uninstall Mp3-youtube.download Ads from your Windows computer system completely.
Steps to Remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads from Windows XP, Vista & 7 Control Panel
From the bottom left corner of the screen click Start button.
Choose Control Panel and click on add or remove program.
Now select the suspicious application from the list of application and click on uninstall option.
In the end confirm the removal if asked.
Steps to Remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads from Windows 8
Hover the mouse over the left side of your screen and wait for the icon to appear.
Now right click on the icon to get the list of programs.
In this step you will need to select Control Panel from the lists.
From Control Panel window, click on Uninstall program.
Uninstall this nasty threat from the list of application on your PC.
In the end click on Ok to conform the removal process.
Remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads from Windows 10 Control Panel
First of all Click on Start Menu.
Go to Settings menu to see all contents.
Click on the System tab from all programs.
Now choose Apps and features from System tab.
Select the suspicious application from the list.
Click on Uninstall option to remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads
Scan Your PC To Uninstall Mp3-youtube.download Ads
Manually Remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads and Unwanted Toolbar or Extensions from the Browser
If Mp3-youtube.download Ads has also infected your browser then you also need to remove extensions and add-ons from your infected browser.
Easy Step to Remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads from Google Chrome
Open Chrome and Click the button at top left corner of browser.
Click on tool
Select Extensions and then from there select unwanted extensions
At last click on remove button to remove the extensions.
Restart the system.
Simple steps to remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads from Internet Explorer
Click Tool Button and Select Manage Add-ons.
In the Manage Add-ons highlight extensions and toolbar having 'Add-on Types'
Now makes sure all add-ons is selected under 'show:' drop down menu and From there select the toolbar which has to be removed.
Select Disable/Delete option.
A warn pop-up window may appear onto your PC screen stating about related services and add-ons will also be disabled. Then leave the items checked and click OK.
Click Close to dismiss the add-ons window and Restart the system.
Easy Steps to Remove Mp3-youtube.download Ads from Mozilla Firefox
Start Firefox
Clicks on tools menu.
From Tool menu you have to select Add-ons> Extensions.
Now you just have to select add-on entries related to the Mp3-youtube.download Ads
Select Remove/Disable.
Restart your System.
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Provides nutrition education to individuals that are ages 60 and above. Also provides 8-10 pounds of free fruits and vegetable once a month to qualifying low income senior citizens.
Food pantry, referral needed.
Commodities available every 30 days, no referral needed.
3-27-20 COVID - 19 Update:
Our building may be closed to visitors, but we're still distributing food and diapers to anyone in need. Drive-thru distributions will be held Monday through Friday from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and Tuesdays from 4 to 6 p.m. Bring your Center Card. Is your Center Card expired? Bring it anyw...
Food pantry.
04/20/2020 - COVID-19 Changes:
Proteus Collecting Face Masks for Farmworkers
Face masks will help protect these essential workers putting food on our tables.
Des Moines, IA: Proteus, Inc. is collecting face mask donations for farmworkers in Iowa, Nebraska, and Indiana. Community members are asked to make f...
7/20/2020 - COVID-19 Changes:
Our food pantry is open Monday-Friday from 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. at both locations. To schedule an appointment, please call (515) 282-8327,and select two for food pantry options.
Our fresh produce baskets are available for pickup every Tuesday and Thursday at our 6th Avenue ...
7/8/2020 - COVID-19 Update:
For the safety of shoppers, volunteers and staff; and due to social distancing rules, the following is required when shopping at the Timberlake Outreach Center:
· You MUST get your temperature checked upon entry.
· If your temperature ...
4/22/2020 - COVID-19 Changes:
DMARC is offering a delivery service to the most vulnerable in the community.
If a client is unable to obtain food by either coming to the pantry or using a proxy then they can call for delivery. DMARC would ask that only those with health, transportation or other mitigating circu...
Provides 3 to 5 day supply of non perishable food items.
04/08/2020 - COVID-19 Changes:
9am-12noon Tuesday-Satudays
Can visit food pantry once every 3 months
Prepackaged Food Boxes
Call (319) 365-5091 and they will bring the food out to you in your vehicle.
3/26/2020 - COVID-19 Changes:
St. Vincent De Paul in Cedar Rapids are only open for...
4-21-2020 COVID-19 Update:
Boxed "to go" meals will be provided from 11 am – 1 pm and Outreach -Homeless Prevention
5:00 pm – 6:30 pm, Monday – Friday.
On Saturday and Sunday boxed "to-go" meals will be available from 11:30 am – 12:30 pm and 5:30 pm – 6:30 pm.
Congregate meals will ...
Referrals to Pantries United sites for emergency food and household supplies.
Food pantry serves residents of the North Scott School District. Clients may receive food once every 28 days.
COVID-19 Update from WCFP: 3-26-20
Our main priority is to provide food to our community. The food pantry will be open, however we ask that you stay in your vehicles and we will deliver the paperwork and the food to you. We ask you not to enter the building. Please stop either in the alley or park in the lot ...
9/1/2020 - COVID-19 Update:
Drive thru pantry hours Mon-Fri 10 am-12 noon
To Enter: Head East on Leavenworth, turn south (right) on 25th Street
Food pantry.
Food pantry.
3-27-2020 - COVID - 19 Update:
Please be advised that while our services remain in place the hours have changed to 9 AM to 12 PM (MONDAY - THURSDAY) ONLY.
In addition, we are taking action to mitigate the community spread of COVID-19.
● St. Francis Food Pantry will temporarily suspend shoppers from...
3-24-2020 - COVID-19 Updates:3-27-2020 - COVID - 19 Update:
Please be advised that while our services remain in place the hours have changed to 9 AM to 12 PM (MONDAY - THURSDAY) ONLY.
In addition, we are taking action to mitigate the community spread of COVID-19.
● St. Francis Food Pantry wil...
Provides food to those in need.
8/26/20 - Olivet Neighborhood Mission is open is usual hours: Tuesday- Friday 8:30 am-11:30 am & Saturdays 9 am-11:30 am.
We have fresh food, meat, prepared foods, milk and fresh produce each day! No ID required, no proof of income eligibility! Just co...


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Willow Park Citizens Group in the News - Archives
Special Articles from The Community News and Weatherford Democrat
Join Mobilize Willow Park
The Community News, 30 August, 2019
The Community News, 23 August, 2019
The Community News, 16 August, 2019
The Community News, 09 August, 2019
The Community News, 07 Jun 2019
The Community News, 31 May 2019
Weatherford Democrat, 27 May 2019
Deen on taxes: 'We're all in this together'; Property tax, school finance reform discussions continue in county, 27 May 2019, Weatherford Democrat
'Another educational town hall meeting on property taxes and school finance was recently hosted by the Willow Park Citizens Group in East Parker County, which spread a message for residents to get involved.'
(Deen on taxes, 27 May 2019, Weatherford Democrat. Article in .pdf.)
The Community News, 17 May 2019
Two more Property Tax Events and other News (in .pdf)
The Community News, 10 May 2019
The Community News, 03 May, 2019
The Community News, 26 April, 2019
The Community News, 19 April, 2019
- News from the Willow Park Citizens Group
- Have Faith!, advice column by Faith Thomas
The Community News, 12 April 2019
- Supporters gathered Tuesday morning to cheer on students taking the STAAR tests at McCall Elementary.
- Willow Park Wildlife, Colbie Ratliff
- News from the Willow Park Citizens Group
- Stopping in at the Quality Inn
The Community News, 05 April 2019
- News Flash - STAAR Send-off Tuesday 09 April, page 2A
- Opportunities abound to learn about city government (Open Windows), page 3A
- Have Faith! advice column by Faith Thomas, page 7B
The Community News, 29 March 2019
page 9A
page 9A
- BYOT Hangouts Scheduled
- Next AM Hangout 02 April 2019, City and Civics
- Next PM Hangout, 09 April 2019, Students and Family, Have Faith! will attend
- Two Family Friendly Events - Kids Charity Golf Shamble at Squaw Creek and WP Parks Dept. Texas Trash-off
- Voter Registration Events and next City Council Meeting.
- Can't miss event for all Willow Park citizens, 16 April Hangout, Bryan Grimes, Willow Park Finance 101
The Community News, 22 March, 2019
page 3
page 3
- Willow Park Citizens Group Report
- WP Parks and Rec. Board
- Family Friendly Events
- Hangout News
- 13-year-0ld begins advice column
Have Faith! by Ginger Adams, page 16
The Community News, 15 March, 2019
- Voter registration events scheduled, page 1
- Citizen's Arrest, WP PD Citizen's Police Academy, page 3
The Community News, 08 March, 2019
- Hangout Review
- Let it rain... or not
Special Articles from The Community News and Weatherford Democrat
- Willow Park Hang-Out, 31 January, 2019, The Community News
- Willow Park Citizens Group bringing back that small town feel, 31 January, 2019, Weatherford Democrat
- Willow Park Citizens group formed, Purpose to 'foster communication and pride in their community' 25 Jan 2019, The Community News
- The future of local, 26 Jan 2019, Weatherford Democrat (Introduction to Willow Park Citizens Group.)
- WP council discusses proposed FW drought contingency plan, 09 January, 2019, Weatherford Democrat "So the next big topic that was brought up by Willow Park Citizens Group member KJ Hannah, as well as the council, was educating the public."


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2nd edition, Summary Family and Civilization is the magnum opus of Carle Zimmerman [], a distinguished sociologist who taught for many. Family and Civilization by Carle C. Zimmerman, The Family of. Tomorrow by Carle C. Zimmerman (review). Eva J. Ross. The Thomist: A Speculative Quarterly . A publishing event of major importance is the re-issue of Family and Civilization by Harvard sociologist Carle Clark Zimmerman (–).
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That tragedy develops only in situations in which a the state hold the exclusive or dominant power to enforce property rights and b people view themselves as individual agents rather than as part of an infinitely-lived family, with powers of its own.
The Church attempted to moderate the more barbaric features of the trustee family system, while preventing people from lapsing back into the decadent atomistic family of the late Roman Empire.
It is impossible in any review to suggest the wealth of profound spiritual guidance available to souls in a work of this calibre.
Zimmerman traces the evolution of family structure from tribes and clans to extended and large nuclear families to the small nuclear families and broken families of today.
The individual is left more and more alone to do as he wishes.
Family and Civilization by Carle C. Zimmerman
Carlson Managing Editor Nicole M. These reasons, which famil found on p. Many of these smaller primitive groups have the abnormal psychology of dying peoples. Thanks for telling us about the problem.
Family and Civilization
Ezekiel Loseke rated it it was amazing May 27, Zimmerman purports to present a comprehensive understanding of European history.
The Church loosened the power of the family to control the marriage choices of its members. Known earlier for studies in rural sociology, Professor Zimmerman of Harvard wrote his first book in the sociology of the family: The role of the family is too-often neglected, and Zimmerman makes a civllization case that as the family goes, so goes civilization. Zimmerman saw annd not everyone in society actually participates in familism, meaning the social system that brings forth the next generation: Peter rated it it was amazing Feb 09, This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website.
It is a civulization and impartial study on the history of the family, the end might be scary and pessimist, but zimmmerman unrealistic. For families to sustain themselves becomes progressively more difficult. New Research Bryce J. A in sociology from the University of Shanghai and worked as a social worker in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital after graduation.
Zimmerman argues that the contractual thinking of the eighteenth-century rationalists channeled the issues in the wrong direction. Having no internal or external guides to discipline him, he becomes a gambler with life, always seeking greener pastures. Account Options Sign in.
In this unjustly forgotten work Zimmerman demonstrates the close and causal connections between the rise and fall of different types of families and the rise and fall of civilizations, particularly ancient Greece and Rome, medieval and modern Europe, and the United States.
This impacts marital and reproductive ethics, but it ought to also inform our theories of political rights, representation, and economics. Yet Carle Zimmerman, who would not have been surprised at this, provides a profound and excellent guide to cafle wishing to restore a crale of familism.
Sandy Bernahl rated it it was amazing Mar 28, Neither condition appears in the trustee family, which claims immense non-state power to enforce famjly of behavior internally amongst its members and externally against its enemies. Donald Thomas rated it it was amazing Mar 23, Project MUSE Mission Project MUSE promotes the creation and dissemination of essential humanities and civlization science resources through collaboration with libraries, publishers, and scholars worldwide.
It is manifestly untrue to say that a determined abnormal person can easily establish atypical types of behavior in nonliterate groups.
Contact Contact Us Vivilization. Family and Civilization is the magnum opus of Carle Zimmerman, a distinguished sociologist who taught for many years at Harvard University. The family reappears by counterrevolution. The most incisive guide to issues facing the American family today. Family and Civilization strikes a new and welcome note in the long list of recent publications for college " marriage and family " courses.
The government of the United Kingdom has steadily enforced the march towards the atomistic family. Zimmerman cale any other scholar has any comprehensive evidence on the total psychological influence of such events as the Black Death or the world wars on the so-called civilized peoples. Pages which deserve careful reading in view of current discussion of the relativt: Of the total amount of control of action in the society, how much is left for the family?
The families of tribal communities are probably of a different universe from those of the higher cultures. Thomas Achord rated it it was amazing May 29,


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' Kennyhill School : A horse and carriage at the entrance to Kennyhill Special School in 1916. Kennyhill House was acquired by the Glasgow School Board c 1911 and opened in 1916 as Glasgow's second special needs school. The original villa was extended forming a courtyard behind the row of buildings pictured here. The old Kennyhill estate covered ground now occupied by Alexandra Park with this villa at its southern edge, facing what is now Cumbernauld Road. At the beginning of the 21st century Kennyhill is a secondary school for pupils with moderate learning difficulties. '


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63 items in this section. Displaying page 7 of 7
He was a poet who spoke out for the poor. He was also one who truly believed that India and Pakistan could be friends, if the countries tried hard enough. From the time he was arrested for writing against British rule in India, to when he climbed onto the famous Lahore "peace" bus with Prime Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee last year, Ali Sardar Jafri spent his entire working-writing life speaking out for what he believed in.
Born into an Irish working class family on Sept 14, 1879 in Corning, New York, Margaret Sanger is known for her crusade to legalise birth control which later spurred the movement for women's liberalisation. As a young girl Margaret witnessed her mother's slow death worn out after 18 pregnancies and 11 live births.
Some of you must have watched I Love Lucy, a popular serial on television featuring the wonderful scatter-brained redhead named Lucy. The show is a perennial favourite of people around the globe and its lead character, Lucy, is one of the most popular comedienne the world has seen.
Source: https://www.pitara.com/non-fiction-for-kids/biographies-for-kids/
Pitara literally means 'a chest full of surprises'. For over 20 years (this website was started in 1998) we have been publishing original multi-cultural, multi-lingual and inclusive content to help kids explore, discover, learn, play, enjoy... All our content is copyright protected. If you wish to use our content ask us — some of the world's leading publishers regularly license our content.


text: Roberta McDonald is a best-selling storyteller and community builder specializing in outreach and event coordination. She wrote and directed the short film the Spiral in 2013 and updated her skills in 2018 with a Raindance screenwriting intensive. The same year, she worked with the team at Good Pitch to bring the first ever event to Vancouver, elevating social justice documentaries. She develops socially relevant concepts into compelling stories that foster meaningful connections with audiences. Roberta is a board member of WIFTV BC.


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Be Here Now not available on your favorite video service? Find something else you'll like!
An inspiring feature documentary and love story, about the overnight sensation, actor and international sex symbol, Andy Whitfield, who put the same determination and dedication that he brought to his lead role in "Spartacus" into fighting life-threatening cancer.
Be Here Now streaming: where to watch online?
Currently you are able to watch "Be Here Now" streaming on Kanopy.


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What is actually Gongkwon Yusul?
Gongkwon Yusul is actually a modern-day Korean martial art, founded in 1996. Professional Jun Kang established this device based upon his comprehensive adventure as well as evaluation of martial arts.
" Gongkwon" implies "empty (= weaponless) clenched fist", "Yusul" translates as "mild craft". The "empty hand" represents all approaches like punches, boots etc. The "delicate craft" assigns tosses, hairs or even grappling approaches which target to redirect the opponent's power against him.
This includes that Gongkwon Yusul includes all components of unarmed combating: distance and near combat and also grappling. One of the key components of this particular holistic body is the natural and also dynamic combo of various strategies.
The instruction aims at the acquisition of self-defense techniques, a rise in confidence, capturing over one's very own mind and body as well as considerate behavior towards others.
Normal instruction is actually accompanied by a remodeling in endurance, patience, strength, concentration, rate as well as versatility. Additionally, noiseless reflection is a crucial element.
Gongkwon Yusul makes it possible for one to use techniques along with merely minimal limitations. Its own procedures aim at disarming a rival as rapid as feasible. This appears to place one into a paradoxical situation: to train suitable and effective strategies while ensuring the health and wellness of the instruction partner.
The system has been actually tested and also enhanced over several years to resolve this trouble as well as to stabilize both facets. Our greatest proverb is actually to deal with the partner as your own body, to appreciation and to thank all classmates regularly.
The core concept of Gongkwon Yusul is the judgment of conviction that practicing a martial art calls for a prejudice-free strategy which is actually certainly not restricted by gotten routines. Via the harmonised as well as mindful combination of various procedures, one has to try to handle one's enemy– ultimately oneself– both actually and psychologically.
Therefore Gongkwon Yusul is developing consistently. The determination of each person and the regard for each and every various other is necessary. The trainees create their character on its own by means of the course of study of Gongkwon Yusul. That is the technique of consistency as well as peace that our fighting style Gongkwon Yusul accomplishes as well as the means our company go.
Read also kingfighter.net to get more information all about martial arts.
Grandmaster Kang Jun
. Gong Kwon Yusul (GKYS) was created in 1996 and also is accredited to its own owner, Grandmaster Kang Jun who was actually born on 11 July 1969 in Seoul Korea.
During the 5th grade, at age 10, he started learning the Japanese fighting style phoned Hakkoryu Jujitsu under Grandmaster Ki Taek Lee who was actually a friend of Kang Jun's dad. The Korean title for Hakkoryu Jujitsu was actually Pal Kwang Ryu Yusul.
Throughout secondary school, he began studying Judo and also was actually the Seoul City Judo champ alongside being actually an energetic rival in a selection of event styles. He also started examining Hapkido and made use of the blend of skill-sets from the crafts of Hapkido, Judo and also Jujitsu to offer him a very clear perk in competition.
Yet in spite of his effectiveness he would certainly frequently be actually slammed for not using completely conventional methods. He relinquished energetic Judo due to a knee injury.
After decades of Hapkido training, he made 6th Degree black belts in both Hwarangdo Hapkido and also Yu Sool Kwan Hapkido (KHF). He likewise attended HSD University as well as majored in Taekwondo, achieving a 4th Degree black waistband.
Furthermore, he has a 5th Degree in Gumdo (Swordsmanship). Past Master Kang has actually also trained in Kyuktooki (Korean-style Kickboxing) and a variety of various other types. He examined several ideas in between standard fighting styles and also sporting activities martial arts.
After years of commitment and research study to the Martial Arts, he fine-tuned his Hapkido course of study and also called it "Combat Hapkido" to distinguish it from typical Hapkido. After 2 years of obtaining as well as building this system critical remarks coming from other Hapkido instructors, he officially phoned his system Gong Kwon Yu Sul in 1998.
His enthusiasm for discovering martial arts certainly never decreased. He has devoted his lifestyle to fighting styles.
Because its own launch, GKYS has grown to over fifty dojangs in Korea in addition to growing worldwide to Brazil, USA, Canada, Russia, Spain, Germany and also Australia.
Professional Ryoo, Young Seol was interested to learn this brand-new art to innovate his Hapkido as well as together with a few of his leading trainees mosted likely to a seminar to encounter Grandmaster Kang Jun in 2009. Fairly satisfied they made a decision to learn and show this martial art to their trainees.
The first to quality were GIANT Instructors Giorgio & Anthony Repice in 2012, view the grading video shown.
GIANT Instructor Giorgio along with Master Ryoo's poise ended up being the nationwide supervisor for GKYS in Australia coming from 2012 to 2015 and increased the fine art to over five conditions NSW, ACT, QLD, VIC and also Tasmania. He also stored pair of nationwide competitors (2014,15) and graded 7 black belts.
In late 2014, Instructor Giorgio kept a two week national tour and held Grandmaster Kang Jun around Australia. Gongkwon Yusul likewise got an acknowledgment on Southern Cross News in Tasmania:.
Why Learn Gongkwon Yusul?
Gongkwon Yusul was generated through a man referred to as Master Jun Kang, as an intricate device based on his years of knowledge. After a whole entire occupation of assessing the martial arts forms readily available, Master Jun Kang included his own "spins" on standard martial arts.
These "spins" provide Gongkwon Yusul its unique nature in an ocean of thousands of various other fighting style types.
The one-of-a-kind principles behind Gongkwon Yusul can be compiled coming from simply assessing the martial art form's title. Professional Jun Kang entitled his martial art form Gongkwon Yusul along with excellent factor. Gongkwon, when converted coming from Korean to English, could be analyzed to imply "vacant clenched fist," which refers to the weaponless attribute of the martial art.
Empty first techniques include punches, thrusts, boots, blocks out, as well as some other technique certainly not utilizing an item. Yusul, the 2nd portion of the title, is actually translated as "delicate craft," which refers to a fighting style type that focuses on making use of the challenger's power as well as force strategically against him or her.
This dispersing of the rival's power is actually accomplished mostly via various sets of throws, dealing with bodies, or even hairs. Some of the absolute most identifying parts of Gongkwon Yusul is the method which individuals exercise natural and really strong mixes of a wide array of techniques. If the art form of GongKwon Yusul could be summarized in one word, maybe it would certainly be actually "all natural.".
As you may view, GongKwon Yusul is comprised of an amount of elements that make it various than various other authentic and typical martial art kinds. If you are actually not however persuaded that GongKwon Yusul is actually the martial art kind for you, go through over the following details regarding the purpose responsible for GongKwon Yusul and exactly how the fighting style form may profit you as an individual.
He studied different ideas in between standard martial fine arts and also sporting activities martial fine arts. After a whole entire career of evaluating the martial crafts types offered, Master Jun Kang included his very own "spins" on conventional martial crafts.
The distinct principles responsible for Gongkwon Yusul can easily be actually acquired coming from just studying the martial fine art form's title. Expert Jun Kang entitled his martial fine art form Gongkwon Yusul with great explanation. Yusul, the second part of the title, is actually converted as "mild craft," which refers to a martial craft kind that centers on utilizing the opponent's power and force smartly versus him or even her.


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I LOVED and obsessed over Season 1 of True Detective on HBO. But Season 2 never really grabbed me and I sort of fell off the wagon after a couple episodes. I don't think I was the only one. ESPECIALLY considering that each season is it's own separate "thing", I'm going back with an open mind for Season 3 starring Mahershala Ali, which will premiere in January - the first official trailer dropped today. Give it a watch, below.
Season 3 will also star Mamie Gummer, Stephen Dorff, Scoot McNairy and Carmen Ejogo. 3 years sinice the Season 2 misstep...will you be watching?


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Grammy Award-winning, multi-platinum selling rock band Wolfmother release their highly anticipated new album, 'Victorious!'
The follow-up to 2009's 'Cosmic Egg' and 2014's 'New Crown,' the much-anticipated 'Victorious' is an electrifying testament to the range and depth of songwriter/vocalist/guitarist Andrew Stockdale's artistry. Recorded at Henson Studios in Los Angeles with 2X Grammy winning producer Brendan O'Brien (Pearl Jam, AC/DC, Chris Cornell, Bruce Springsteen), the songs are edgy, inventive and uncompromising and rank among the band's best ever.
Stockdale began working on the record this past January at his Byron Bay studio in New South Wales, writing on every instrument and embracing the same creative approach he used on the band's debut album a decade ago.
"Back in the early days, I'd play guitar, bass, and drums and then present the ideas to the band and we'd work on the arrangement together," he says. "I thought it would be cool to get back to demoing ideas by myself and playing everything. It's a good way to do things because it can make the style more cohesive."
In addition to vocals, Stockdale played guitar and bass and brought in Josh Freese (Nine Inch Nails, Bruce Springsteen, A Perfect Circle) and Joey Waronker (Air, Beck, REM) to split drum duties.
"We wanted to get back to that big sound," says Stockdale. "The album is a balance of garage-y energy and big production. It's wild, energetic and," he muses, "perfect for a festival main stage."
Ten years after their arrival, Wolfmother have returned with what could arguably be called their best work to date. With 'Victorious,' Stockdale once again arrives right on time: in an era dominated by single-song downloads, this is an album worthy of repeat listens from top to bottom.
|Primary Format - Music
|UMGI / Universal
|Music Genre
|Hard Rock / Rock
|Music Genre Primary
|Music Genre Secondary
|Pop & Rock
- 1. The Love That You Give
- 2. Victorious
- 3. Baroness
- 4. Pretty Peggy
- 5. City Lights
- 6. The Simple Life
- 7. Best Of A Bad Situation
- 8. Gypsy Caravan
- 9. Happy Face
- 10. Eye Of The Beholder
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While presynaptic, protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent, long-term plasticity has been described in numerous brain regions, the target(s) of PKA and the molecular mechanisms leading to sustained changes in neurotransmitter release remain elusive. Here, we acutely reconstitute mossy fiber long-term potentiation (mfLTP) de novo in the mature brains of mutant mice that normally lack this form of plasticity. These results demonstrate that RIM1α, a presynaptic scaffold protein and a potential PKA target, can support mfLTP independent of a role in brain development. Using this approach, we study two mutations of RIM1α (S413A and V415P) and conclude that PKA-phosphorylation-dependent signaling by RIM1α serine 413 is not required for mfLTP, consistent with conclusions reached from the study of RIM1α S413A knockin mice. Together, these results provide insights into the mechanism of mossy fiber LTP and demonstrate a useful acute approach to genetically manipulate mossy fiber synapses in the mature brain.
Synaptic plasticity, the modulation of synaptic efficacy, has long been considered to be a primary neural mechanism for learning and memory (Kandel, 2001; Fusi et al., 2005). Synaptic plasticity may be expressed either presynaptically, through changes in neurotransmitter release, or postsynaptically, through alterations in neurotransmitter receptor activity or localization. Many forms of presynaptic long-term plasticity require signaling through cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) (Huang et al., 1994; Weisskopf et al., 1994; Weisskopf and Nicoll, 1995; Tzounopoulos et al., 1998; Villacres et al., 1998; Nguyen and Woo, 2003, Chevaleyre et al., 2007). In addition to PKA signaling, a requirement for the presynaptic proteins Rab3a and RIM1α has also been demonstrated (Castillo et al., 1997, 2002; Chevaleyre et al., 2007; Fourcaudot et al., 2008). Yet, how the activities of these components are orchestrated to produce long-lasting changes in synaptic efficacy remains poorly understood.
RIM1α is an active zone scaffold protein that binds to many presynaptic proteins involved in neurotransmitter release and synapse formation (Wang et al., 1997, 2000, 2002; Zhen and Jin, 1999; Betz et al., 2001; Coppola et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2001; Ohtsuka et al., 2002; Schoch et al., 2002; Sun et al., 2003; Kiyonaka et al., 2007). RIM1α has been shown to be required for PKA-dependent, presynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses, cerebellar parallel fiber synapses (Castillo et al., 2002) and cortical–lateral amygdala synapses (Fourcaudot et al., 2008), as well as PKA-dependent, presynaptic long-term depression (LTD) at hippocampal inhibitory synapses (Chevaleyre et al., 2007). Because RIM1α contains PKA phosphorylation sites, it has been proposed to be the downstream effector of PKA signaling in presynaptic long-term plasticity (Lonart et al., 2003; Südhof, 2004). This hypothesis was strengthened by the observation that acutely expressing RIM1α with a mutated PKA phosphorylation site failed to restore presynaptic LTP to RIM1α−/− neurons and suppressed LTP in wild-type neurons that were cultured from embryonic cerebellum (Lonart et al., 2003). However, examination of a knockin mouse with this same mutation (S413A) failed to find any defects in presynaptic LTP, either at parallel fiber or mossy fiber synapses (Kaeser et al., 2008). These conflicting results raise concerns that the expression of presynaptic LTP in the knockin mouse may have resulted from developmental compensation and/or that the results from cultured neurons may not accurately reflect in vivo mechanisms.
Therefore, we sought to address the role of PKA-mediated phosphorylation of serine 413 in mossy fiber LTP (mfLTP) by means of acute genetic manipulation in the mature brain. Here, we describe a method to reconstitute mfLTP de novo by genetically manipulating hippocampal granule cells in the adult brain through in vivo viral injection. Our approach bypasses the issue of developmental compensation inherent to knockin strategies and avoids concerns about ex vivo neuronal differentiation, synapse development, and connectivity that are raised by cultured neuron preparations. We demonstrate that mfLTP can be acutely restored in RIM1α−/− mice when RIM1α is expressed only briefly in the mature brain, indicating that RIM1α is not required during the major developmental period of synapse formation for its role in mfLTP. We further show that phosphorylation of RIM1α serine 413 is not required to acutely restore mfLTP in the mature, developed brain.
Materials and Methods
Plasmids and concentrated Sindbis virus preparation.
Rat RIM1α cDNA was kindly provided by Dr. Thomas Südhof (Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA) and contains the Δ83-105 splice variant at splice site A (Wang et al., 1997; Lonart et al., 2003). RIM1α cDNA was subcloned into the pSINrep(nsP2S726) vector (provided by Dr. P. Osten, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY) (Kim et al., 2004). An internal ribosomal entry sequence (IRES) and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) cDNA were subcloned from pSR5I2E (Marie et al., 2005) and inserted 3′ of the RIM1α cDNA. Missense mutations were introduced using the Quikchange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene). Recombinant Sindbis virus was generated according to the manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen). In vitro transcription was performed using Ambion mMESSAGE mMACHINE SP6 kit (Applied Biosystems/Ambion) and products were electroporated into BHK21 cells. Recombinant viral particles were harvested 60–72 h after electroporation, purified by centrifugation at 3000 rpm (Marathon 22K centrifuge, Fisher Scientific), and concentrated by ultracentrifugation at 100,000 × g (Beckman L8M ultracentrifuge, Beckman Coulter). The pellet was resuspended in PBS. Viral titers were estimated to be 0.5–1 × 106 TU/μl for all viruses as detected by EGFP fluorescence following HEK cell infection. Control virus expressed only EGFP downstream of the IRES. Test viruses expressed RIM1α cDNA upstream of the IRES and EGFP. Viral identities were unknown to the investigator during in vivo injection, data acquisition, and analysis.
Stereotaxic injection.
All surgeries were performed in accordance with guidelines for humane care and handling of rodents and with approval from our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. To reduce procedural variability, surgeries were performed on batches of 4–10 mice at a time. Four-week-old mice were anesthetized with avertin (2-2-2 tribromoethanol) intraperitoneally and placed in a stereotaxic mouse head holder (David Kopf Instruments). Fifty nanoliters of concentrated nsP2S726 modified Sindbis virus were injected (flow rate of 23 nl/s) into the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus bilaterally at six different depths. The initial injection coordinates relative to bregma were anterior 1.95 mm, mediolateral 1.2 mm, and dorsoventral 2.00 mm. Additional 50 nl injections occurred each 0.05 mm during withdrawal of the injection cannula. Virus was delivered using Nanoject II (Drummond Scientific), and the cannula remained at each location for 1 min following each injection.
RIM1α−/− mice were obtained as previously described (Schoch et al., 2002) and backcrossed to c57/Bl6 at least six times before use. To further reduce genetic background variability, experiments testing viral effect on mfLTP in RIM1α−/− mice were performed on littermates. Littermate RIM1α−/− mice were obtained from RIM1α−/− × RIM1α−/− or RIM1α−/− × RIM1α+/− breedings so that sufficient numbers of RIM1α−/− mice (i.e., more than one) could be obtained per litter. All homozygote parents of experimental subjects were obtained from the breeding colony, which was maintained exclusively by RIM1α+/− × RIM1α+/− matings. Experiments testing the effect of control EGFP virus infection on mfLTP in wild-type mice were performed on wild-type mice obtained from RIM1α+/− × RIM1α+/− breedings.
Four to seven days after viral injection, acute transverse hippocampal slices (300 μm thick) from virus-injected mice were prepared and used for experiments. Infected slices were selected for use in experimental recordings by the presence of EGFP fluorescence detectable in more than half of the area of the dentate gyrus viewed in the horizontal plane (Fig. 1B). Recordings were done in normal artificial CSF containing (in mm): 119 NaCl, 2.5 KCl, 1.3 MgSO4, 2.5 CaCl2, 1.0 NaH2PO4, 26.2 NaHCO3 and 10 d-glucose, saturated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2, and perfused at 2 ml/min. A monopolar stimulation electrode with 2 m NaCl was placed in a region of stratum granulosum with EGFP fluorescence. Mossy fiber responses were monitored at room temperature by extracellular field EPSPs (fEPSPs) from the stratum lucidum in the CA3 area at a frequency of 0.05 Hz unless otherwise indicated. Baseline stimulation was adjusted to yield fEPSP responses between 0.4 and 0.7 mV. The average stimulus intensity was 0.33 ± 0.03 mA for control EGFP viral slices and 0.29 ± 0.03 mA for test RIM viruses (p = 0.18). Mossy fiber contribution to the field potentials was confirmed at the end of each experiment by sensitivity to pharmacological blockade by 3 μm DCG-IV, a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist that selectively suppresses mossy fiber synaptic transmission (Gibson et al., 2005; Nicoll and Schmitz, 2005). Data were included only if the remaining response was <10% of the initial baseline response. Mossy fiber LTP was induced by a single tetanus at time 0 min (25 Hz for 5 s) in the presence of an NMDA-type antagonist (50 μm APV) during tetanic induction as previously described (Castillo et al., 2002). Mossy fiber LTP is reported as the average fEPSP amplitude during the period 50–60 min post-tetanus relative to the baseline period (10 min before tetanus). Data were acquired at 10 kHz and filtered at 1 kHz.
Data analysis.
All summary data are presented as the mean ± SEM as a percentage of the baseline. To avoid false-positives from multiple testing, repeated measure ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test were performed on all data from different groups (66 slices total, 7 groups, p < 10−3 for both tests). Subsequent ad hoc comparisons were performed using Student's t test and Wilcoxon rank order test. Both tests yielded similar conclusions. For brevity, only results from Student's t test are presented. In all figures, an asterisk (*) indicates p < 0.05; exact values are stated in text.
Acute expression of RIM1α in RIM1α−/− mice restores mossy fiber LTP
To acutely rescue mfLTP in RIM1α−/− mice, we took advantage of the high infectivity and low toxicity of an nsP2S726 mutant Sindbis virus. The S726 mutation of the nsP2 protein impairs the ability of the virus to shut down host protein synthesis and has markedly reduced toxicity (supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material) (Dryga et al., 1997; Jeromin et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2004). To manipulate synapses in the most physiological setting, virus was delivered to the dentate gyrus of 4-week-old mice by in vivo stereotaxic injection. We observed that nsP2S726 Sindbis virus had a very high infectivity of granule cells (30–92%) (supplemental Fig. 2 and supplemental Methods, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material) such that we could routinely visualize EGFP fluorescence in greater than half of the area of the dentate gyrus (viewed in the horizontal plane of acute transverse hippocampal slices) (Fig. 1B). We reasoned that this high degree of infectivity should produce a detectable effect at the population level; therefore, we chose to monitor synaptic responses using fEPSPs. In this way, variability related to uncertain connectivity of any individual postsynaptic cell was minimized. To decrease variation due to degree of infection, only slices with >50% of the dentate gyrus fluorescent were used for recording.
In RIM1α−/− slices infected with the control EGFP virus, mossy fiber fEPSP responses displayed characteristic properties of short-term plasticity and sensitivity to the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, DCG-IV, and were similar to those observed in noninjected control slices (supplemental Fig. 3A,B, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). Similarly, infection by the control EGFP virus did not alter synaptic responses in RIM1α−/− slices following the mfLTP induction protocol, nor did it impair the degree of potentiation in RIM1α+/+ slices (supplemental Fig. 3C,D, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). These findings indicate that the in vivo viral manipulation of hippocampal granule cells does not significantly alter mossy fiber responses.
We next examined whether acute expression of RIM1α in hippocampal granule cells in the mature brain was able to rescue mfLTP in RIM1α−/− mice. Following mfLTP induction, evoked mossy fiber responses from slices expressing RIM1α exhibited long-lasting potentiation of fEPSPs (Fig. 1C,D; supplemental Fig. 4, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material) (RIM1α 135 ± 6%, 11 slices/7 mice). In contrast, slices expressing the EGFP control virus failed to exhibit appreciable mfLTP (EGFP 114 ± 4%, 12 slices/5 mice; p = 0.009 RIM1α vs EGFP in RIM1α−/− slices). The average percentage of mfLTP after RIM virus infection in RIM1α−/− slices is ∼70% of that observed in wild-type RIM1α+/+ slices (Fig. 1C,D) (EGFP in RIM1α+/+ slices 151 ± 6%, 6 slices/3 mice; p = 0.096 RIM1α in RIM1α−/− slices vs EGFP in RIM1α+/+ slices). This is not surprising given that the extracellular field potentials represent activity from a population average of infected and uninfected cells. However, it is notable that, in some experiments, we do obtain mfLTP values comparable to the highest noted in wild-type recordings suggesting that it is possible to rescue to wild-type levels (data not shown).
We next evaluated whether acute expression of RIM1α altered short-term plasticity of mossy fiber synapses. We found no significant changes in paired-pulse ratios, frequency facilitation or sensitivity to DCG-IV as a result of acute RIM1α expression (Fig. 1E,F). These findings in conjunction with a previous study, which demonstrated that embryonic deletion of RIM1α did not change mossy fiber short-term plasticity (Castillo et al., 2002), suggest that RIM1α plays a significant role in long-term but not short-term plasticity at these synapses.
The phosphorylation site-deficient mutant of RIM1α rescues mossy fiber LTP in RIM1α−/− mice
Using this acute, in vivo rescue approach, we examined the role of RIM1α serine 413 phosphorylation in mfLTP. A serine to alanine substitution at amino acid 413 was made to prevent phosphorylation at this site, as had been done in previous studies (Lonart et al., 2003; Kaeser et al., 2008). Following S413A mutant RIM1α viral infection, robust mfLTP could still be observed (Fig. 2) (145 ± 7%, 12 slices/6 mice; p = 0.001 compared with EGFP; p = 0.28 compared with RIM1α). These results indicate that acute expression of either S413A mutant or wild-type RIM1α in hippocampal granule cells can restore mfLTP in young adult RIM1α−/− mice.
The enhanced-14-3-3-binding mutant of RIM1α does not occlude LTP at mossy fiber synapses in RIM1α−/− mice
It has been proposed that phosphoserine-dependent binding of 14-3-3 proteins to RIM1α at the S413 residue is also required for the expression of presynaptic LTP. In support of this idea, a V415P mutation of RIM1α, which markedly enhances phosphoserine 413 binding to 14-3-3 proteins in vitro, has been shown to enhance basal release and occlude LTP in cerebellar cultures from RIM1α−/− mice (Simsek-Duran et al., 2004). These observations provide a second opportunity to test the relevance of S413 phosphorylation in our in vivo rescue platform. In contrast to the cerebellar culture results, acute in vivo expression of V415P mutant RIM1α was able to rescue mfLTP (Fig. 3) (149 ± 10%, 12 slices/7 mice; p = 0.004 compared with EGFP; p = 0.25 compared with RIM1α). Thus, two distinct mutations that interfere with phosphoserine-dependent signaling of RIM1α at the S413 site demonstrate that this is not a requirement for the expression of presynaptic LTP at mossy fiber synapses.
In contrast to the ease of manipulation and advances in understanding postsynaptic physiology enabled by acute genetic manipulation of postsynaptic proteins (Pettit et al., 1994; Lissin et al., 1998; Takahashi et al., 2003), similar investigations of presynaptic physiology have been far more limited. Unlike the study of postsynaptic proteins, where one can directly patch on a neuron that expresses a fluorescent marker indicating infection and modification of all postsynaptic sites, acute manipulation of presynaptic proteins is limited by technical hurdles related to the often sparse and variable connectivity of genetically modified inputs to postsynaptic cells. Previous methods for overcoming this limitation have included using paired recordings of presynaptic and postsynaptic cells (Lonart et al., 2003; Wimmer et al., 2004; Young and Neher, 2009), autaptic cultured neurons in which a single cell synapses only with itself (Rhee et al., 2002), and herpes viral infection of rat granule cells to inhibit mfLTP (Dumas et al., 1999). However, these methodologies present significant limitations. First, not all brain circuits have sufficient connectivity in brain slices to make paired recordings feasible, as is the case between the dentate gyrus and CA3 (Nicoll and Schmitz, 2005). Second, culture models raise the possibility of divergence from in vivo mechanisms. Third, few viruses can achieve both the high infectivity and low toxicity necessary to overcome issues raised by low or variable connectivity of genetically modified inputs. As a result, most studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of presynaptic LTP have relied upon the generation of transgenic mouse models (Castillo et al., 1997, 2002; Villacres et al., 1998; Kaeser et al., 2008)—an approach that is costly, time-intensive, and makes it difficult to distinguish direct effects from those resulting from developmental compensation. Here we provide a novel approach for investigating the molecular mechanisms of presynaptic LTP that circumvents many of these limitations.
In this study, we have, for the first time, acutely reconstituted mfLTP in the mature brain of a mutant mouse that normally lacks this form of LTP. We used the RIM1α−/− genetic background in these studies because to date, the mechanism by which RIM1α is required for mfLTP is unknown. RIM1α interacts with many presynaptic proteins that each could potentially be involved in mediating presynaptic long-term plasticity. For example, the interaction with α-liprin, a protein involved in active zone organization (Zhen and Jin, 1999), suggests that RIM1α may play a role in synapse formation. Because acute expression of RIM1α in the mature brain can restore mfLTP, our results suggest that a role for RIM1α in synapse development is unlikely to underlie its requirement for mfLTP.
We also used this approach to test whether there was evidence to support the idea that S413 of RIM1α serves as a phosphorylation-dependent switch required for the expression of presynaptic LTP. This idea gained support from a series of studies that acutely rescued LTP in cerebellar cultures prepared from embryonic RIM1α−/− mice (Lonart et al., 2003; Simsek-Duran et al., 2004). However, in contrast to this idea, both cerebellar parallel fiber and hippocampal mossy fiber LTP were intact in the genetic knockin mouse, which contained an S413A mutation in the RIM1 gene (Kaeser et al., 2008). Here, we show that two mutations interfering with the phosphorylation-dependent signaling of RIM1α serine 413 (S413A and V415P) are both capable of restoring presynaptic LTP acutely using intact, postdevelopment brain circuitry. These findings are in agreement with the S413A knockin mouse study and bypass concerns about developmental compensation.
Several differences remain between the two acute genetic rescue approaches that might account for the divergent results. For example, plasticity mechanisms might be different between cerebellar granule cell-Purkinje cell synapses and hippocampal mossy fiber synapses; although in brain slice studies, parallel fiber and mossy fiber LTP appear to have shared mechanisms and the S413A knockin mutation left LTP intact at both of these sites (Nicoll and Schmitz, 2005; Kaeser et al., 2008). Alternatively, plasticity mechanisms might differ between neurons cultured from embryonic tissue and those from intact adult brain slices. Last, mechanisms responsible for the divergent results might engage in the 1 d window between the time of the cultured neuron observations (20–54 h) and our mfLTP recording period (4–7 d).
In summary, we show for the first time that mfLTP can be reconstituted de novo in the mature brain of mice normally lacking this form of plasticity. Our results demonstrate that the role of RIM1α in mfLTP is not due to a requirement for RIM1α during the major period of brain development. Using this acute rescue approach, we provide two lines of evidence that phosphorylation of RIM1α S413 is not required for mfLTP, indicating that the mechanism for the requirement of PKA in presynaptic LTP is still unknown. Our approach provides a useful tool in the otherwise limited armamentarium to pursue this question as well as investigate more generally the mechanisms of presynaptic long-term plasticity.
This work was supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grants P01(NS053862) and K02 (NS054840) to N.C. We thank Yuanji Pan and Samantha Tracy for outstanding technical assistance, Thomas Südhof for providing RIM1α−/− mice, Jing Lu for guidance with in vivo techniques, members of the Calakos lab for stimulating discussions, and Drs. G. Augustine, J. McNamara, R. Mooney, and A. West for critical reading of this manuscript.
- Correspondence should be addressed to Nicole Calakos at the above address. nicole.calakos{at}duke.edu


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The set list for this ill-fated performance included Monster Man (The Suburbs), Pung (an original song), and All of the Law (The Psychedelic Furs). When we began to play our next song (an original song by Dirk Frey), the clock struck 8 o'clock. This is important because, at 8:00pm, a DJ was to begin the dance in the cafeteria. So, as fate would have it, the powers that be "pulled the plug" on our show and we never had a chance to finish our set which also included Bullet The Blue Sky (U2) and Progressions (another original song).
To this date, no audio or video has been obtained from this show but it is known that Shawn Mailey (son of SAJHS gym teacher, Marshall Mailey) did, indeed, videotape the performance. Any help in tracking down this footage would be greatly appreciated.
P.S. Long overdue thanks are in order for Zandra Fosbre who took the only photographs that documented this event.


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