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James Watson and the Insidiousness of Scientific Racism
"How does it feel to be a black scientist who owes much to James Watson in general, and in my case, is linked to his specific pedigree?"
"How does it feel to be a black scientist who owes much to James Watson in general, and in my case, is linked to his specific pedigree?"
Parkinson's disease is related to neurons, but could it be driven by the gut?
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is characterized by resting tremor, slow movements, and rigid muscles. For decades we have known it involves dopamine-releasing neurons in the middle of the brain dying. However, in recent years scientists have suggested its origin could be in the gut rather than the brain.
For example, people with PD have been shown to experience symptoms in the gut, such as abnormal bacteria populations, and gut "leakiness", which lets bacteria and toxins pass easily from the gut into the blood. Exactly how this relates to PD is a mystery.
In a paper published in Neurobiology of Disease in February, researchers used mice with PD-like features to investigate gut leakiness and fecal bacteria populations. Some of the mice were also chronically stressed, and the researchers compared their gut features to unstressed mice. The researchers examined their intestines under a microscope and measured their gut inflammation levels.
They found that the stressed mice had damaged, leaky intestines. Additionally, stress activated the microglia, small cells in the brain known for their role in inflammation and immunity. Chemical markers of inflammation were increased in these mice, and the types of bacteria found in their feces were also different than in unstressed mice: stress reduced the "anti-inflammatory" bacteria. Stressed mice with PD-like features had severe gut hyperpermeability.
This increase in gut inflammation could lead to increased inflammation in the brain too. These findings support the gut-brain axis hypothesis of PD, showing a role of chronic stress in driving this. Understanding what occurs in the gut, and what causes this gut disruption, would allow a whole new therapeutic strategy for treating PD.
The peccaries prevented the jaguar from eating its meal
A mother jaguar and her 8-month old male cub climb further up the tree, trying to avoid a swarming mob below. Unable to carry up the capybara she recently killed, the female jaguar drops it as the cats make their rapid upward escape, ultimately spending the next 10 hours up the tree.
The jaguars' adversaries were not what you might think. They were white-lipped peccaries, pig-like animals that often serve as prey for the majestic spotted cats. These ungulates (hoofed animals) are found from Mexico to Argentina and often occur in groups of 150-200, while jaguars are usually solitary predators, except for mothers with cubs.
This amazing scenario is one of several similar events recently published in the journal Acta Ethologica which demonstrate the complexities of what were once thought to be simple predator/prey interactions.
In this case, the researchers have video proof that the peccaries (prey) engage in mobbing behavior toward a predator. Mobbing is when individuals or a group of prey attack or harass a predator until the predator leaves the area or stops pursuing them. Anti-predator behaviors, including alarm calls and guarding young, as well as mobbing have previously been reported in primates, birds and ungulates.
Although scientists had heard anecdotal reports of this behavior in the past, these researchers were able to catch the mobbing peccaries on video camera traps. In one video, a group of 15 peccaries were seen at the base of a tree with a jaguar in it, clacking their canines with their hackles raised. Later they chased the jaguar into the Brazilian forest. In other videos, the peccaries were not deterred even though the jaguar they were mobbing snarled, hissed and fake-charged them.
Prey spend time and energy and put themselves at risk through anti-predation behaviors like mobbing, but they aren't the only ones incurring a cost. This video showed direct evidence that the peccary prey actually disrupted the predator's ability to successfully catch or consume prey. Far from the simple "eat or be eaten," scientists are continuing to discover more complexities of predator-prey interactions.
The nutrients in guano fertilize both farm fields and ocean reefs
The thought of seabirds might evoke memories of a perfect beach day ruined by a flock of noisy gulls stealing your lunch and defecating on you or your belongings. While you were shooing away the unwelcome visitors, you probably thought "What good are gulls anyway?"
Researchers from the Universidade Federal de Goiás in Brazil now have an answer to your question. Seabirds like your annoying beach companions produce incredibly important and valuable excrement that is rich in nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. This excrement (called guano) has been used as organic fertilizer since ancient times and is still collected and used in countries like Peru and Chile. Those two countries alone collected 27,000 tons of guano in 2018, which sold for $12.2 million USD.
But bird guano isn't just an important fertilizer for humans, it also fuels ocean ecosystems. To estimate just how important seabird excrement is, the researchers calculated how much it would cost to replace the nutrients excreted by seabirds with man-made versions, and found that seabird poop could be worth over $473 million per year.
And that value does not even take other ecosystem benefits into consideration. For instance, a lot of reef fish rely on bird guano. The researchers valued the impact of bird guano on commercial reef fisheries at $650 million per year, increasing the total value of seabird guano to over $1 billion per year!
It may seem silly to put a dollar value on bird poop, but doing so is critical for improving conservation of these highly threatened species. So next time you find yourself cursing while wiping the bird poop off your favorite beach blanket, remember how valuable that bird and its poop can be.
"Systemic policies and historic underinvestment" drive the disparity
In a report published September 10th, researchers at ACEEE, the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, found that "low-income households spend three times (8.1 percent) more of their income on energy costs compared to the median spending (2.3 percent) of non-low-income households."
The team of researchers measured energy burdens from 2017 in communities from 25 metro areas, places such as Atlanta, Chicago, New York City. By comparing households regionally and nationally, this team discovered that 25 percent (about 30 million) American households experience high energy burdens, spending more than 6 percent of their income on home energy. Half of those households (so about 15 million) experience what they call "severe burdens" — where 10 percent of income is used on energy cost.
Black, Hispanic, Indigenous, and elderly households experienced disproportionate higher energy burdens. The researchers recommended further research on race, ethnicity, age and other factors affect affect energy burdens.
As rising temperatures affect portions of the US, energy usage will increase. Already high energy burdens for low-income communities will too. Identifying communities, increasing funding for energy efficiency, and weatherization are just some of the policy changes that can be implemented for a more energy security.
Most outplanted staghorn corals in the Florida Keys don't survive past seven years
Coral reefs all over the world are suffering the effects of climate change. Coral restoration has become a popular conservation strategy to replenish coral coverage lost to bleaching, disease, and other factors. Restoration efforts could maintain genetic diversity and improve coral reef resilience, but how effective are these programs?
Studies on the success of such programs have found high costs and low long-term success. A paper recently published in PLOS ONE found that survivorship of outplanted colonies of staghorn corals in the Florida Keys was initially high but decreased after two years, when growth rates plateaued. After seven years, at least 90% of the planted corals had died.
Overall, these outplanting efforts preserve genetic diversity in the wild and keep extinction of endangered species in check, but significant human intervention will still be required until external stressors are reduced. Outplanting requires huge amounts of proactive human effort, and provides only temporary relief to the suite of problems facing corals, namely, climate change and the associated issues of warming temperatures, acidification, and disease. The results show that these stressors are the problems we should be targeting if we want to save coral reefs.
Scientists found phosphine in the atmosphere, a molecule commonly associated with life, but stressed that they had not discovered life itself
New data released Monday described the discovery of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus. The poorly kept secret has been making the rounds since last week but were officially announced in a video from the Royal Astronomical Society.
Phosphine can be made in natural, non-living processes, industrially on Earth, and can also be made by anaerobic bacteria (living in the absence of oxygen).
However, the scientists suggested that life "would struggle...in the incredibly acid atmosphere of Venus."
"On Venus, the clouds are about 90% acid," said Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, who led the study. The results were published in Nature Astronomy on September 14th.
"So is there really life on Venus? I really hope so, but we can't really tell with the results so far," said Greaves in the video.
Other scientists were cautious. Jessie Christiansen, a research scientist at the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, tweeted:
Life is not the only explanation for the presence of phosphine, since there are geological and chemical events that can also produce it. However, the Cardiff group claims that they examined and ruled out all known possibilities that don't involve life. Phosphine was also discovered on Jupiter and Saturn as far back as 1975.
The answer lies in the configuration of the ACE2 protein
Just as scientists are rapidly learning how SARS-CoV-2 affects humans, they are also quickly working to understand how it affects other animals. House cats, tigers, golden hamsters, and rhesus monkeys are all susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. And while avian species such as duck and chicken are not, dogs, pigs, and ferrets have shown intermediate susceptibility.
The critical entry point for the virus into our cells is a protein called ACE2, which bonds with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Animals and humans both expressing ACE2 in their cells, so scientists have been wondering why different species have different SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, and if it is possible to predict which animals might be at risk.
In a preprint posted on bioRxiv in July, researchers at Vanderbilt University approached this question by comparing the amino acid sequence of ACE2 from different animal species. Amino acids are compounds that combine to form proteins. Inside cells, this amino acid chain folds into a three-dimensional shape. And as a result, some amino acids become hidden, and others exposed. Exposed ACE2 amino acids are of great interest because they determine whether SARS-CoV-2 can attach to the cell.
Using computer models, researchers identified amino acids in ACE2 that showed strong interactions with SARS-CoV-2. They observed that in non-susceptible animal species, these amino acids were often different, ultimately disrupting the attachment between the ACE2 protein and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. This allowed the researchers to make predictions about which animals species are possibly at risk of infection. They estimated that while horses and camels would be vulnerable to infection, cows, goats, and Malayan pangolins would present intermediate susceptibility.
In August, another preprint from researchers at Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia examined whether marine wildlife are susceptible to the virus. Using similar modeling methods, these researchers concluded that whales, dolphins, seals, and otters would be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. They suggest that exposure could happen through contaminated sewage entering the sea.
Unlike in humans, silver strands are not a good clue of old age in chimps
"To comb gray hairs" is a Spanish expression used to indicate that someone has reached a certain age, and they are not young anymore. It is an accurate idiom since, as we humans get old, our head hair generally becomes more gray. While little gray hair appears in the first half of our lives, once we reach midlife the color of our hair may totally disappear. But, is this the case in our closest evolutionary relatives? Can you tell a chimpanzee's age looking at the grey hair on their heads?
To find out, a group of anthropologists took pictures of the faces of chimpanzees of different ages. They recruited 152 human observers, who were unfamiliar with these chimpanzees, and asked them to score the number of gray hairs they saw.
The researchers discovered that hair graying in chimpanzees occurs at different times than it does in humans. Chimpanzees' hair becomes more gray from the time they are young up until the middle of their lives, but then the graying tends to stop. The opposite is true for humans, where graying is more striking from midlife on. They also found that a lot of variation between individuals, meaning that a 5-year-old chimp might have grayer hair than a 50-year-old ape. So, you cannot tell a chimp's age by the gray hairs on their heads!
It is unclear what the purpose of this difference might be, but it does indicate that going gray is not a reliable measure of age in mammals.
This gel eliminates the need for antifungal remedies, which can cause recurrent infections
CDC/Dr. Mike Miller
People diagnosed with a vaginal yeast infection are usually prescribed an azole-based antifungal medication. But many know that's often the beginning of a roller coaster of recurrent vaginal infections. This is likely because azole antifungals ransack the "good" bacterial populations of the vagina even as they kill the yeast.
A recent study published in Scientific Reports sought to leverage the idea that probiotics might be as effective as antifungals for yeast infections, while preventing the recurrences that so often follow the use of azoles.
The research team behind the study knew that sizeable populations of Lactobacillus bacteria inhabit the vagina throughout the course of a yeast infection. They reasoned that certain Lactobacillus strains are great at producing lactic acid, and could inhibit yeast growth. They carefully selected the strains of Lactobacillus that seemed to work best in laboratory studies and developed a probiotic gel that could be used to treat yeast infections.
Past studies of probiotics administered vaginally during a yeast infection were always combined with the antifungal treatment standard. But this time, the 20 study participants were given only the probiotic gel, with an emergency course of the antifungal as back-up. The gel alone worked for 45% of the participants, those whose infections were relatively minor and not recurrent. With further tweaking and a lot more testing, azole antifungal treatments may be a thing of the past.
New research from London, UK, examines the risks to this group of healthcare professionals
Frontline maternity healthcare workers provide ongoing care to many people throughout their pregnancies, in addition to caring for those admitted to hospitals for delivery. Maternity healthcare workers have continued meeting the needs of pregnant people throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. And although COVID-19 may seem like a milder illness in some pregnant patients, we are just beginning to get an idea of the risk of transmission between maternity healthcare staff and patients.
A recent investigation into the number of undiagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infections among maternity healthcare workers was carried out in London, UK. Instead of relying on the nasal swab-based PCR assay with which we've all become so familiar, blood tests were used to look for antibodies against the virus, which would indicate previous infection. Out of 200 healthcare workers practicing in maternity wards, 14.5 percent (29 of 200 total) had antibodies against the virus, despite never having been diagnosed with COVID-19.
This is in contrast to other types of healthcare professionals working in London who are more likely to be in direct contact with symptomatic COVID-19 patients, such as those working in the emergency department. Antibody testing in 200 such frontline healthcare staff revealed 45.3 percent had been infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Though the on-the-job risk of infection may be lower for those on the maternity frontlines than in other departments, the potential transmission risk posed to their colleagues, as well as to pregnant patients and their babies, is concerning. Out of the 29 maternity healthcare professionals with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, 17 self-reported that they had continued working throughout the pandemic, either because they had been asymptomatic entirely or, if they did have symptoms, their symptoms did not qualify them for self-isolation at the time.
Their results suggest the human virome may one day help treat certain cancers
geralt / Pixabay
The human virome is collection of viruses inhabiting humans. This virome is important to study because these viruses can have important impacts on human health and disease. Next-generation sequencing, or NGS, analysis can reveal important differences between viromes.
A team led by Zihao Yuan used NGS to detect virome differences between brain samples from healthy people and and from brain tumors of people diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, or GBM. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive type of primary brain tumor — most patients die within 18 months of diagnosis, even with advanced and invasive treatment.
According to the new findings, unique characteristics of viromes in samples from GBM tumors point the way to potential new treatments. For instance, the researchers propose that a new virus found in GBM tumors could engineered to become oncolytic — capable of killing cancer cells. Other viral sequences contained structures that might be recognized by antibodies, which can also be used to kill cancer cells.
New experiments show important food web redundancies get left behind
We are often taught about the relationships between organisms as a one-lane, one-way street: the grass is eaten by the rabbit, which is eaten by the snake, which is eaten by the hawk. In reality, this food chain model drastically oversimplifies the complex web of interactions between species. Healthy ecosystems contain numerous species that can fill the same role. Instead of the rabbits only being eaten by a snake, for example, they might be eaten by a snake or a fox or a hawk. This built-in redundancy in ecological roles makes ecosystems more resilient to change.
New suggests that marine ecosystems may not have enough redundancy in their food webs to combat the cocktail of changes they could see in the near future.
Researchers set up large-scale ecological experiments called "mesocosms" to test how ecosystems responded to ocean acidification, ocean warming, and a combination of both acidification and warming. While ocean acidification alone had little effect on the overall ecosystem health, scenarios testing ocean warming and the combined effects of acidification and warming both altered the food web, negatively impacting the ecosystem's ability to function normally.
In addition to climate change-induced shifts in ocean environments, like ocean acidification and ocean warming, marine ecosystems face stressors like overfishing, habitat destruction, and pollution. While some species will tolerate changes and replace less resilient species, a shift in the fundamental balance of ecosystem functions could throw off the delicate balance of the ecosystem. Much like Skittles will not adequately replace apples in a nutritious diet, some species do not make suitable substitutions for others in an ecosystem. Without a healthy level of diversity, marine ecosystems may be ill-equipped to handle the inevitable changes to their environment.
These compounds increase shelf life, but their safety hasn't been systematically tested
Most of us give little thought to the ingredients inside the brightly colored pills that we rely on to keep our bodies functioning. We refer to them as an aspirin or antihistamine without realizing that for most drugs, the major component by mass is not the drug of interest itself, but compounds classified as "inactive" called .
While called inactive, excipients such as dyes, stabilizers, and antioxidants that increase shelf life have not been systematically tested to determine whether they interact with molecular targets in the body. Scientists recently analyzed a wide range of these compounds to determine potential unknown side effects.
The authors first found interaction candidates by predicting how much an excipient looks to the native compounds that act on certain molecular targets, and then tested the hits experimentally. In another approach, the scientists tested widely used excipients against 28 targets that are known to be related to toxicity. Using these two approaches, the authors found 134 side-effect activities. Of these leads, some were further analyzed for their abilities to be toxic to the body and to enter the bloodstream.
One finding was for an antiseptic commonly found in mouthwash. Predicted to interact with a number of biological targets, this compound was shown to be toxic to the body at low levels, and was able to enter the bloodstream at concentrations high enough to interact with at least one biological target. Overall, 134 side-effect activities for 38 excipients were found.
This study highlights how compounds in our drugs not normally considered active can alter our bodies. The authors additionally note the widespread use of some excipients in food and cosmetics that are found at even higher doses than drugs, and the issue of populations that juggle more than one medication and therefore have a higher exposure. While a preliminary piece of work, it highlights the importance of paying close attention to what we add to substances that sustain us.
Newborn and infants' speech perception skills are more astute than previously thought
We frequently use baby talk in our best efforts to communicate with newborns, smothering them with strings of "goo goo" and "ga ga" until they smile or cry in return. But oversimplifying our language may not be necessary — scientists from Paris recently a group of newborns and found that their speech perception skills were more astute than previously thought.
To perceive speech, our auditory system must be developed enough to differentiate the spectral (frequency-based features for pitch, rhythm) and temporal information (time-based features to interpret) that make up our speech. Studying how our brain processes information might help us deduce whether or not the foundations of language learning and speech comprehension are present from birth. If infants interpret these cues differently than adults do, they may also be absorbing different linguistic information, like envelope cues that aid in consonant identification.
The basilar membrane in the inner ear receives speech by the temporal modulations of the speech signal into different frequency bands. The researchers found that six-month-olds were able to differentiate consonants similarly to adults. Once this was established, they looked at how newborns interpreted different types of consonants. To discriminate plosive consonants (produced by stopping airflow using the lips/teeth and then a sudden release of air, such as in "t," "k," and "p" sounds), newborns required fast cues, as opposed to adults and six-month-olds, for whom slow cues were sufficient.
This study showed the physically immature newborn brain is capable of processing the acoustic components of speech, which is the foundation of language learning. As opposed to adults, who can rely only on slow cues, newborns need fast envelope cues to perceive consonants. The specialization to different temporal cues reflects infants' great speech perception skills despite limited language experience and an immature auditory system.
Neuralink is one in a long line of brain-machine interfaces developed over the past 50 years
The idea of mixing brains with machines is nothing new. First proposed in the 1970s, brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have already achieved a lot over the decades. Initial versions let people move virtual cursors, and more recent ones allow for full control of mechanical arms. As of today, the only FDA approved BMI is the Utah Array, a 1mm implant with 100 electrodes that can capture and stimulate brain cells. This array is currently on clinical trials as a treatment for several different diseases.
First announced in 2016, Neuralink entered this field with the stated goal of: "Solving important brain and spine problems with a seamlessly implanted device." The implant, now in its version v0.9, is 23 x 8 mm and has 10 times more electrodes than the Utah Array. With functions like measuring temperature, pressure, and movement, a fast wireless connection and induction battery charging, the comparison to wearable devices is not hard to make. But it does still require brain surgery. This surgery, promised to take less than an hour, is almost completely done by an automated robot, also designed by Neuralink — at an estimated initial cost of $10-20 million.
Other concrete take home messages from yesterday's press conference was that Neuralink has been approved as an FDA Breakthrough Device, which speeds up the primary approval process with the agency. We also know that they are able to have multiple implants per animal, and they can interpret the neural data, as shown in a video that could predict the animal movement, likely through some form of machine learning algorithm. And...that was about it.
Despite claims about its potential, ranging from curing blindness to summoning your car and figuring out the secret to consciousness, the reality is that, so far, Neuralink has showed little more than a flashy new design for a BMI with more electrodes. The FDA approval might be the most exciting aspect. Given recent reports that the company culture is chaotic and clashes with a normal pace of science, regulatory oversight will be crucial to making sure that this product does not endanger people. Not to discredit the progress made by the company, but neuroscientists should not rush to stop the presses.
The information from sequencing would help epidemiologists trace the disease
An estimated people in the United States are newly diagnosed with Hepatitis C each year. With approximately people in the US already living with the virus, this presents a large healthcare burden to the global medical economy. Within this group, there is a proportion of people so often forgotten in the shuffle: injection drug users.
Researchers, doctors, and scientists have been working to for decades, but one of the biggest barriers faced is injection drug use. Sharing of needles and other supplies frequently transfers bodily fluids between people, which is how Hepatitis C virus is transmitted. And, just 7.7% of people who inject drugs are tested for Hepatitis C. This, among other challenges, such as the fact that people who inject drugs may face stigma and judgement when they seek out health care, makes tracking Hepatitis C difficult.
A examined the feasibility of using a method called to determine similarity of Hepatitis C virus strains between individuals. They found this is a feasible option that could provide epidemiologists with information such as how different strains in populations of people are related and where one newly infected person's strain of the virus may have originated.
While this doesn't completely solve the problem of track-treat-eradicate, it does help with the tracking portion, which has been severely lacking. tends to take a few days at minimum, and may require follow-up testing. Each step brings us closer to being able to treat and eradicate the disease, eliminating Hepatitis C virus from the globe, preventing the each year that it causes.
New research uncovers how neuronal plasticity is maintained in mammal cerebral cortices
The human brain is made up of billions of neurons that are interconnected to form the circuits enabling life. However, the brain is not static and neuronal connections can change, a phenomenon termed neuronal plasticity. Often this occurs by making new neurons, but this process is highly controlled as it poses risks for altering existing critical connections. As such, how those brain regions maintain plasticity has been a focus in research efforts.
One of these brain regions of the brain thought to be relatively stable is the cerebral cortex, which is largely responsible for human cognitive capacity. However, a recent study published in eLife and led by scientists from the University of Turin demonstrate the cerebral cortices of 12 mammal species with a range of brain sizes — including the large-brained chimpanzees — achieve neuronal plasticity by maintaining a reserve population of immature neurons.
The researchers noted that larger cortices contained more immature neurons. However, one striking feature of these neurons is their characteristics are very similar across all 12 species. This suggests that these cells are very important in mammalian brains, as they have remained largely unchanged through years of evolution.
It seems the cerebral cortex is more adaptable than once thought and that flexibility has been maintained through evolution. This work also highlights the need to continue studying these populations of immature neurons. The researchers call for similar investigations into immature neuron populations' potential role in maintaining proper connections in the brain. As we learn about these immature neurons, it may be possible to use this information to better predict cortex neurodegeneration, which often leads to conditions like Alzheimer's Disease.
Trained algorithms can identify maggots and read clues like time of death
Maggots don't have fingers, but they do produce chemical "fingerprints" — a blend of chemicals unique to their species. Different maggot species feed on corpses at particular stages of decay. Forensics teams actually use this information to . The problem is that maggots, which are immature flies, are tricky to identify and rearing them to flyhood is time-consuming and expensive.
University of Albany researchers developed a machine learning technique to rapidly distinguish maggot species by their chemical fingerprints.
Because maggots collected at a crime scene are usually an assortment of many species, the team trained their computer program with mixtures of various combinations of six fly species. The researchers deciphered the chemical signatures of each maggot melange with a technique called mass spectrometry, which identifies chemicals on the basis of size and charge.
After teaching the program to recognize the chemical makeup of each training mixture, the researchers assessed whether it could identify "test" maggot blends. The program accurately identified most of the test samples, suggesting that this technique could help forensic detectives establish time of death, a critical clue for solving crimes. The results are in a recent issue of Analytical Chemistry.
The cathedral's roof and spire was covered in lead tiles
On April 15, 2019, the Notre-Dame Cathedral caught fire and burned for nine hours. But long after the fire was extinguished, environmental effects lingered.
That's because the cathedral contained 460 tons of lead, some of which was expelled into the air by the fire. Researchers from Columbia University wanted to investigate potential lead contamination in the area surrounding the fire, as even very small environmental exposures to lead can have devastating effects on children's cognitive development.
In this recently published study, the scientists collected and analyzed soil samples in a one-kilometer radius surrounding the cathedral. They estimated that the cathedral fire had resulted in 1000 kilograms (one metric ton) of lead being deposited in the kilometer surrounding the fire. This amount was much greater than the 150 kilograms of lead that an early government report estimated were deposited 1 to 50 km from the fire.
The good news is that — even with the caveat that more extensive testing should have been performed in the days after the event — the authors of the study conclude that human exposures were still likely fairly limited and probably much less problematic than exposures from leaded gasoline use in previous decades.
New research on island birds confirms key aspects of a 60-year-old theory
The biodiversity of islands around the globe has fascinated and inspired scientists for hundreds of years. Islands are frequently home to unique species and are hotspots of biodiversity. But not all islands are equally rich — larger and less isolated islands harbor more species.
In the 1960s two researchers, Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson, developed the theory of island biogeography, predicting that the number of species on an island depends on a balance between colonization, evolution of novel species in the islands, and extinction, and that these processes are determined by the size and isolation of the island.
Since then numerous studies have found the same pattern, but a test of their predictions at a global scale had not been performed until now. Earlier this year, an international team of ornithologists, evolutionary biologists and mathematical modellers, led by Luís Valente from Museum fur Naturkunde and Naturalis Diversity Center, published a new model to explain species richness in the islands.
The researchers compiled a new dataset with DNA sequences from 596 species of terrestrial birds from 41 archipelagos (island chains) around the world. Their dataset combined data from samples from their own field trips, research collections, and field samples from colleagues with sequences from GeneBank. This dataset was then used to develop and to apply to their new analysis methods, a dynamic model that was able to predict global relationships that govern variation in biodiversity. In doing so, they confirmed two key aspects of the original island biogeography theory proposed by MacArthur and Wilson.
Understanding island biodiversity is important for island conservation, but has implications beyond it — it can allow us to better evaluate the effect of human actions when imposing barriers to species dispersal, and at a large scale it can contribute to the understanding of biodiversity around the planet.
One step closer to routine cancer blood tests for asymptomatic cancers
A blood test is one of the most powerful tools in a healthcare provider's arsenal. A non-invasive, swiss-army knife that requires little fuss from the patient and the phlebotomist, yet provides crucial hints about what's going on under the hood. In this way, modern medicine can easily monitor the hormones in your blood and function of your organs, but could they detect something like cancer?
The latest effort from a group of scientists to making routine cancer blood tests a reality. The study reports a method which analyzes circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) shed by tumors directly into the blood. This method looks for signs of chemical modifications to ctDNA called methylation. This methylation decorates ctDNA in patterned, predictable ways, the signatures of which were identified by this study, allowing the scientists to detect cancer across patient samples.
The scientists were able to detect five different types of cancer — including stomach, esophageal, colon, lung and liver— up to four years earlier than normal methods would. This suggests that people with cancers would test positive while asymptomatic, before developing more visible, serious cases years later.
Not without caveats, the study emphasizes that the method is not appropriate for prognostic use in telling currently cancer-free patients that they will develop it in the future. Rather it is successful in predicting patients who already have cancer that is yet undetectable by modern methods, which is still a landmark achievement. Though more follow-up needs to be done, this study cements the utility of DNA methylation in diagnostic testing for cancer, and the feasibility of routine cancer testing in the clinic.
Scientists and activists share the beauty of these misunderstood species
Tad Arensmeier, Wikimedia CC 2.0
On July 16, snake lovers and snake biologists around the globe celebrated and used the occasion to draw attention to pressing global threats to . Some activists even spent the entire month of July honoring one particularly maligned and misunderstood group of reptiles: the rattlesnakes.
Rattlesnakes have long been feared and hated by many people who live near them. While it is healthy to stay alert around venomous snakes, many people use their fear as justification to indiscriminately kill any snakes they encounter. The extreme version of this behavior is on full display at annual , where snakes are often slaughtered by the hundreds or even thousands. Conservation organizations such as the have been working with communities to replace roundups with wildlife appreciation festivals, but this can be slow and difficult work.
Recently, photography has been used as a medium through which to raise awareness about rattlesnake conservation and welfare issues as well as to promote a greater appreciation of these unique animals. Jo-Anne McArthur's photograph , highly commended by the Natural History Museum of London's , unflinchingly depicts the gruesome reality of a major Texas roundup.
And to show off the prettier side of this story, and other snake biologists dedicated July 2020 to a , in which they posted gorgeous photographs of rattlesnakes on Twitter. Some of these pictures even made it into a that supports the non-profit Advocates for Snake Preservation (ASP), which educates people about local snake species and reduces killings by relocating animals that have made their way into backyards.
Whether or not you already love rattlesnakes, these pictures can make you reflect on your relationship with wildlife, and hopefully, inspire you to appreciate the underappreciated organisms living all around us.
A previous version of this article incorrectly reported the beneficiary of the rattlesnake calendar. --BGB (Editor)
There's more to winning fights than brute strength in the animal kingdom
Hermit crabs are the renters of the crustacean world, making their homes in discarded shells of other sea creatures. But with high demand for shell real estate, hermit crabs often forcibly evict other crabs to seize a better-fitting shell.
During these battles, attackers repeatedly "rap" their shells against defenders, and those who rap most vigorously are more likely to win. But, just as the outcome of a boxing match depends not only on how many punches a boxer lands, but also on the skillful placement of these blows — researchers wondered if skill helps crabs win shell skirmishes.
To prompt conflicts between crab pairs, scientists from the University of Plymouth gave one crab (the attacker) an ill-fitting shell, whereas the other (the defender) received a perfect fitting one. that attackers who rapped on a particular area of the defender's shell — the "sweet spot" — were more likely to win fights than those who rapped elsewhere.
To be evicted from their homes, losing crabs first have to release muscles that grasp onto their shells. The sweet spot suggests that attackers must accurately strike a specific anchor point to dislodge their opponent's grasp, and victorious crabs may skillfully target this spot.
High-volume attacker rapping may also lead defenders to flee their shells. The team found that the number of raps was linked with proportion of raps to the sweet spot. This could mean that rapping in the sweet spot allows attackers to perform more raps (perhaps due to a better grasp of their opponent) or that accurate crabs also rap the most vigorously.
In the animal kingdom, winners of battles over mates, food, and territory are often the biggest, strongest, and most . But as — and hermit crabs — show us, there's more to winning fights than brute strength. Skill is important because it allows fighters to strike with greater accuracy and conserve energy. Spatial skills may give hermit crabs a competitive edge in shell real estate wars, and similar abilities could help other animals win conflicts too.
The wildlife trade has moved online, and porcupines are under threat
Porcupines have long been captured and sold in the wildlife trade. Some people eat them, and their quills and hairs are used in clothing and other decorative items. Porcupines also produce stone-like collections of undigested plants in their guts called bezoars. Bezoars from several species, including cows, goats, oxen, and porcupines are used in traditional and folk medicine, particularly in East and Southeast Asian countries.
One of the dark sides of social media and other internet sites is that they have become virtual wildlife markets, where hunters can easily sell their wares to buyers around the world. In a new study published in Global Ecology and Conservation, scientists from Australia's University of Adelaide and the UK's Oxford Brookes University searched 11 online social media and retail sites in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore — including popular platforms like Instagram, Alibaba, and Lazada — for porcupine bezoars for sale. Over a three-month study period, they found 121 listings marketing nearly 450 porcupine bezoars. Over a third of them were posted on Instagram, and the bezoars were selling for an average of $152 USD per gram.
These findings are concerning. Porcupines must be killed to retrieve the bezoars, and relatively few porcupines have them (the actual incidence rate, however, is unknown). This means that, if every listing the researchers found was real, far more than 450 porcupines had been killed for their bezoars over a relatively short amount of time.
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature, which maintains a list of which species are vulnerable and endangered, currently lists all Asian porcupine species except for the Philippine porcupine as "least concern," meaning that, as far as conservationists know, the animals are still common. But with rapid deforestation and the hunting of these animals for food and the wildlife trade, this may not be true for long. Stronger international and domestic trade laws in Southeast Asian countries would be a good first step toward protecting porcupines, along with all of the animals that share their habitats.
These tardigrades are able to change their eggs' appearances seemingly at random
Tardigrades, also known as water bears or moss piglets, are eight-legged microscopic animals known for their indestructible nature. Using cryptobiotic abilities they are able to dry themselves to crisp husks to survive extreme temperatures, pressure, and radiation, then come back to life when rehydrated.
So far 60 tardigrade species have been recorded in the harsh nature of the Antarctic. A new species has recently been discovered that lays eggs riddled with small spikes, which — strangely — vary in number, shape, and size.
Scientists on King George Island, off the coast of Antarctica, cataloged the new species of tardigrade by sequencing its DNA and measuring and describing its features, including its eggs. The new species is called Dactylobiotus ovimutans.
They wondered how and why D. ovimutans was able to alter the shape of its eggs. So they bred the tardigrades in lab, controlling temperature, light, and food. Other species of tardigrade occasionally lay differently-shaped eggs, and this has been tied to seasonality and environmental variation. The scientists expected that breeding the tardigrades in the lab might cause D. ovimutans to lay eggs that were similarly shaped.
But they found that the egg's ornamentation continued to change in appearance. With no easy explanation, the scientists settled on another explanation to describe this phenomenon: epigenetics.
The question remains, why would D. ovimutans use important resources to change its egg's appearance? What environmental factor is controlling this proposed epigenetic regulation? Many mysteries of the tardigrade and how it thrives in such harsh conditions still remain, including the discovery of these morphing, ornamental eggs.


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text: Hi, among the standard LaTeX operations creating tables is certainly one of the most cumbersome one. I am looking for an easy solution to copy data from an Excel table (or Igor, or Matlab) into a LaTeX document. There are macros and the Matrix Panel in TeXShop to easily create a simple table but how to get the data in it? My best solution so far was to create an Excel file having only one table and then save it as a csv file. Open the csv file with a text editor and do a find and replace of the comma with an ampersand. Select and copy into the .tex file. This, naturally, could be done from any program that can export something like a csv file. I would like to script that in a way that I ideally only have to select tabular data in any kind of program (even from a website), run the script on the contents of my clipboard, and paste the result into the .tex file. Does something like this exist already? Cheers, Markus ------------------------- Info -------------------------- Mac-TeX Website: http://www.esm.psu.edu/mac-tex/ & FAQ: http://latex.yauh.de/faq/ TeX FAQ: http://www.tex.ac.uk/faq List Archive: http://tug.org/pipermail/macostex-archives/


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'Recorded in New York, LA and London, Michael returned to the studio with Danger Mouse and Inflo, the same production team that combined so magnificently on 'Love & Hate'. 'KIWANUKA' finds a new assuredness in Michael's writing, and takes the basic sonic blueprint of that last record to a dizzying new realm.
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Next up: Suicide and related topics
As we wrap up our emphasis on joy and related topics, we move into a most serious and pervasive topic: suicide. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), September is Suicide Prevention Awareness Month:
September 10 is designated as World Suicide Prevention Day by the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP).
Therefore, for the month of September, posts will be addressing suicide and related topics, including hope. If you or you know someone who is suicidal or is contemplating suicide, PLEASE GET HELP. IMMEDIATELY.


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text: Round 4 is here! Lets Start off thanking ALL our round sponsors this season, without them, we wouldn't be able to do what we all love, RACE MOTORCYCLES! Remember to give them a big thanks anytime you visit them for parts or service. Shopping locally and supporting them, helps keep our club alive. EMRA BANQUET: This years banquet will be held on SATURDAY OCTOBER 26th, 2019. Mark it on your calendars! Venue and time details to follow. EMRA AIRFENCE FUNDRAISER TRACK NIGHT: Thanks to the hospitality and support of Castrol raceway, the EMRA will be running a special pricing track night, the evening of MONDAY SEPTEMBER 9TH. It will run from 4:30PM to 9pm, and cost only $125 with all proceeds going towards the air fence fund. Spots still open for walk ups, this will be your LAST CHANCE to get on track in 2019! AIRFENCE SETUP: Will take place THURSDAY AUGUST 1ST at approximately 5pm. Details will be posted here on the EMRA forums, the EMRA Facebook page, and other social networking outlets. Remember you are running out of time to get your air-fence deposit back! PARKING: EARLY PARKING THURSDAY EVENING. It will be possible to park trailers at the track Thursday evening in preparation for the race weekend. This will take place after drift practice , ending at approx 10pm. IF YOU MOVE THE CONES MARKING OUR MAX PARKING AREA, (ORANGE LINE BELOW) OR PARK PAST THEM, YOU WILL BE ASKED ONCE TO MOVE, AFTER WHICH YOU WILL BE ASKED TO LEAVE. IF YOU ARE UNSURE PLEASE CONSULT AN EXECUTIVE. TECH AND REGISTRATION: The EMRA has MotorsportReg for registration, MyLaps for timing & gridding, and RaceHero for live timing. Tech will be IN PIT FRIDAY evening (as time permits), And Saturday/Sunday morning at the Freight train racing booth as required. Please be patient, We will do our best to tech bikes in a timely manner. Id recommend having your lower off the bike, and gear visible FRIDAY evening as one or more tech inspectors will be wandering the pits during the track attack. Transponders and medical data carriers will be available at Freight Train Racing Vendor booth, Transponders rentals are $50 per weekend, MDCs are $5 each to purchase. Transponder purchases are not available. NOTE-The FTR booth/Neil will only be available Friday evening, late Saturday evening, and possibly Sunday. Please plan ahead and get what you need from him when hes available, and prevent last minute "I forgot and need transponder/MDC/etc items". NEW NOTE REGARDING TRANSPONDERS: Any racer who is racing two different motorcycles, in ANY of the classes which require qualifying time for gridding order, a different transponder per motorcycle will be required. This allows for differentiation between qualifying times of each bike/class, which bike is on track, and which bike is racing. These classes include INT/EXP 600 SBK, INT/EXP SBK, and DASH FOR CASH. SCHEDULE: Saturday and Sunday Riders meeting will be held at the usual time of 8am. DO NOT MISS RIDERS MEETING! ATTENDANCE IS MANDATORY. All executives will be carrying a clipboard with a waiver, please wander up and sign afterwards to receive a riders meeting sticker. EVERYONE MUST SIGN THE WAIVER. IF IT IS FOUND THAT YOU ARE RIDING AND HAVEN'T SIGNED A WAIVER, YOU WILL NOT RIDE THE REST OF THE WEEKEND. NO EXCEPTIONS. Schedule as follows: Practice/Qualifying Saturday Aug.3, Racing Sunday Aug 4. TIMING WILL NOT BE RUNNING FRIDAY EVENING FOR QUALIFYING ROUND 4 SUPPORTING EVENTS August 3rd at 5pm the EMRA is hosting a free BBQ and free paced laps on track shortly after the final qualifying sessions take place. It will be a great opportunity to expose a large amount of riders who may not otherwise visit the track to our incredible racing and friendly track atmosphere. Only basic street riding gear will be required. NOTE REGARDING RAIN CONDITIONS IN A DRY RACE During a dry race, if rain begins, the tower has final call on when conditions become too wet to continue to race. However, if the FIRST THREE racers in a race, when travelling down the main straight past the timing tower raise their left hand, without going off line, or slowing down, This is the safest and best way to communicate to control that the conditions are no longer ideal for slicks/dry race format. Do not assume based on raising your hand that the race will be stopped, and NEVER stop on a live track. If you choose to stop racing in the conditions, exit the track through track exit in a safe manner. See everyone out there! -Jeff


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Tips for Golden Gate Theatre
422 Golden Gate Theatre Tips
Linda Bergantino
We were in Orchestra Right seats and they were fine.
Blue Man Group
If you drive around Union Square, there are MANY public parking garages at $10 flat rate.
Orchestra seating is a MUST! TRUST ME!
Need security or more SFPD protrolling along walking route back to Bart.
Need security people stationed along route back to Bart.
Don't eat where foul mouthed, aggressive street people can see you.
Bad neighborhood but OK if walking back to Bart with other theater goers.
Mezz and Balcony seats don't get to have "hands on" fun at end of the production.
Plan for food/restaurant before
No intermission, no coffee house/fine restaurant near...
Street paking works but w/ care!!!
No need to dress up
2pm show got us back to BART pre-rush-hour
No intermission, but who needs a $10 beer
Row D mezz was fine
No intermission!
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Only bottled water allowed in the theatre seating area.
Don't get seats in the Mezzanine row F or abve if seeing the Blue Man Group.
Eat before or after the show


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I am wondering that my bf might be gay or
I opened a bottle of wine and started chain smoking and firing angry and tearful questions at him in disbelief until we were both exhausted and the sun came up. Ultimately, I respected his honesty—but it could have come a lot sooner. What really I think you need to evaluate what it is that threatens you so much about the relationship
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Moldova has approved and granted first citizenship for investment.
The grant of citizenship is published in the official gazette in March 2019. The names of persons who obtained citizenship for investments will not be published in the official gazette
Moldova is set to grant 5,000 citizenships to main investors excluding family members under MCBI. The limit applies to main applications through the investment scheme. The CBI funds collected will be invested in infrastructure, education and other strategic projects of the Republic of Moldova
Citizenship can be acquired in exchange for investments under the following three options
- Donation – EUR 100,000
- Real estate – EUR 250,000
- Government securities/bonds: EUR 250,000
The processing time is 3-5 months from the date of application.


text: Designate a substitute for a shift You can substitute a shift from the on-call calendar. Before you beginRole required: rota_admin or rota_manager Procedure Navigate to On-Call Scheduling > On-Call Calendars. Click and select the appropriate group from the choice list. The rotation schedules are shown for that group. Click the appropriate shift and in the pop-up window, click Manage Shift. In the Action choice list, select Provide coverage. In the Rosters choice list, select the desired roster. In the Member field, select the person who is scheduled to work on the shift as a substitute. Click Schedule. The changed shift is shown in purple and the information for the roster schedule entry states the selected shift, for example, Primary coverage, or Secondary coverage. If you selected All, the member you selected covers for all rosters at that particular time and as many entries are made as there are rosters. The final result looks like the following illustration. Figure 1. On-call roster schedule Related tasksManage a shiftEdit shift details from On-Call calendarModify schedule entryAdd an employee to the shiftAdd a returning employee to the shiftRemove employee from the shiftModify the rotation order of a rosterDelegate the shift manager roleSchedule PTO and suggest coverApprove or reject PTO request and create coverage


text: FOR SALE: 1960 Chrysler Windsor 4-Door Sedan. Car is a fixer upper but would make an excellent restoration project or an even cooler custom. I do NOT have the title for it, just a receipt from where I bought it from. Floorboards feel pretty solid. I'm not sure of the engine size but I believe it is a 383 cid. I have never tried to start it so I do not know if it cranks up or not. The front driver's side wheel is locked up. I just put a set of used tires on it so it would be much easier to move around. Car seems mostly complete, I don't have the keys to it so the trim pieces that are missing from the side may be in the trunk. The radiator and the hood release cable is missing. I bought this car a few months ago to help out a friend but I already have a project car going and I don't have the time or the money for this one. Also, I did not want to see this beautiful car end up in the scrap yard. Located near Meridian, MS. $1500. PM for questions/details.


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More Faking Extroversion
In the last post, I discussed how, as an introvert, you can up your chances to get extra research money by taking a more active role in shaping how things roll out. There are other ways.
Ways to fake extroversion
Speak up: There are undoubtedly situations where you have an opinion about how your unit should function. You typically might not engage in the debate or, if you feel really strongly, go to the boss afterwards to get him to change his mind. This is usually doomed to failure. You need to be able to speak up at the time if it impacts your work in a significant way.
Put yourself forward: It would be nice to think that all your good, hard, and even innovative work will be hailed and loudly lauded. If that happens, stay where you are—you're not gonna get it anywhere else. Typically, the quiet ones are either taken for granted or, at best, are thrown a bone ("Oh, yeah, that Amber—the backbone of the unit.") But backbones don't get the to-die-for assignments—mouths do. If you want something that others are vying for, you need to put yourself forward.
Fake it 'til you feel it
I know you don't feel comfortable doing these things—otherwise you wouldn't be an introvert! But this is a case where you need to fake it until you feel it. The way you do that is:
- Prepare for meetings and other group gatherings. Think through your arguments.
- Develop responses to others' possible objections.
- If necessary, script what you want to say so that you're not bumbling when the moment comes.
- Practice your arguments out loud until they come out as if you had just thought of them. Do not read from your script.
- No matter how intensely you feel, present your arguments calmly and even a little casually. I don't mean I-don't-care casually; I mean I'm-so-confident-that-I-can-be-casual casually.
I don't want to do this!
I get it. This is not who you are. I understand that. And if this is too far from who you are, then you need to listen to those inner promptings. However, you also need to accept that by not speaking up, you allow yourself to be buffeted by whatever currents are swirling. Sometimes to your benefit, but just as often, not.
However, if you can imagine trying this out because you do care how much you can control your work, then you will find that—while never as easy as it is for extroverts—it will get easier. You will get used to turning on the extrovert spigot and reaping the rewards of responding appropriately to the situation.
Even if you do try this out, remember that you can practice extroversion in a way that works for you. You don't need to become the backslapping, life of the meeting, guy. Instead, you can work yourself into the position that, although your interventions are not frequent, people stop and listen because they know you have something valuable to say.
And that's a worthwhile goal, don't you think?


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An attorney for a local Republican candidate said Friday the state party will disenfranchise voting members of the military, after a decision to disqualify his client before the June 3 primary.
Al Agricola, an attorney for State House District 102 candidate Chris McNeil, said the decision by the party's Candidate Committee to disqualify his client would make absentee votes that could've already been cast for his client null and void.
The problem is the state GOP's decision to disqualify McNeil from the race due to residency comes after his name has already been certified for the ballot. This means that McNeil's name will appear on all ballots, including absentee ballots that have already been sent to military voters overseas, Agricola said.
"Absentee ballots are already being cast as we speak," he said. "It could be that votes from members of the military don't get counted."
Agricola added that he believes the move violates a January order from United States District Judge Myron Thompson affirming a decision to move up the dates state candidates can qualify for office from April 4 to Feb. 7 to help out military voters.
"Chris was certified as a qualified candidate by the state party," he said.
Agricola said the party would most likely file paperwork to get permission from Thompson to move forward and expects to respond to that filing, although it's unclear when that might happen.
The party could've waited and contested the election results after the fact, but chose not to do that, Agricola said.
Mobile County Republican Party Chairwoman Terry Lathan brought the challenge based upon where McNeil lives. McNeil's home and property is located on the dividing line between District 101 and District 102. While his home is in District 101, a portion of McNeil's property extends into District 102.
"The decision was based on the law," Lathan said. "He does not live in the district and is simply not eligible to hold this office."
McNeil has previously argued he owns a business in the District 102 and his daughter goes to school in the district.
"I'm disappointed the party wanted to take away the voters' right to choose," McNeil said. "The people want me to run and they shouldn't take that away from me."
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A medical expert who accurately predicted Covid-19 would come back into New Zealand's communities, now says in a worst case scenario for the latest outbreak Kiwis could be in lockdown for seven weeks.
The University of Auckland's Faculty of Medicine Professor Des Gorman told Seven Sharp, while he's hopeful to get to the Super Rugby at Auckland's Eden Park this weekend, it's unlikely.
Aucklanders have been forced back into Alert Level 3 as of midday today, while the rest of the country went into Alert Level 2.
It came after four people in a South Auckland family tested positive for Covid-19 yesterday - the first cases from an unknown source in over 100 days. There are also four other probable cases linked to the same family.
The alert levels were put in place until at least midnight Friday.
"I think more likely we're looking at several weeks, worst case scenario seven weeks," Mr Gorman said.
"It depends entirely on how constrained the cluster is, it depends entirely on how much community seeding has occurred and I think all these things are up in the air at the moment.
"Me being at Eden Park on Sunday is possible, not probable, but possible. Two to three weeks is probably the mean projection."
Mr Gorman said seven weeks would occur, though, if the clusters were large and if there was a range of unknown sources.
Watch his full interview with Seven Sharp in the video above.


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Create Your Home book For Seller
You will need at High quality binder with a plastic sleeve on front cover to make your home book. You will also need a lot of plastic sheet protectors. I have listed all the information that should be contained in your home book. You will need to attempt to use all the pages listed. The more material that is included the better image it projects to your prospective buyers. Remember to place copies not originals in your home book.
If a buyer takes the home book this is a clue that they are interested in the house. This is why you keep the home book separate from your ad material. On the front of the binder add a page in the plastic that includes your address and a color photo of the exterior of your home.
Add the following to your page protectors in the binder:
Photos of each room highlighting the best feature.
Seasonal photos of the outside of your home ( gardens in different seasons, pool in summer, decked out for the holidays etc.)
Before and after photos of any home improvement projects that bring value.
If you live in a complex that has a Clubhouse, pool , Gym or walking areas. Take pictures to include with descriptions
Copy of Property Description- (Should be in your Title Insurance Policy (taken out at the time of purchase your home)
Copy of Plat of the property -Should be in your Title Insurance Policy (taken out at the time of purchase your home)
Copy of Survey of the property
Copy of Floor Plan and any changes that you have made- Should find inside the appraisal of your home Note any changes you have made.
Utility History ~ Sewer, Water, Electric, Gas or Propane, Cable, Telephone and Trash collection – Most utility company today lets you print out a report of annual cost.
Copy HOA documents ~ Bylaws and Fees
Copy of your disclosure statements
Copy Annual Property taxes
Copy of Insurance Premium
Copy of Lender Information
Copy of Home Appraisal
Copy of Home Inspection
Copy of all Major Repairs – Copies of any major repairs on appliances, water heater, cooling, heating systems. Copies of all warranties you have on appliances. Copies of information on all NEW appliances if you have recently replaced them.
ANY FUTURE BLUEPRINTS FOR ADDITIONS, DECKS ETC – If you have had blueprints made for any changes to the house that you have not started include a page outlining the project and reference that you have blueprints.
Add a list of all warranties that you have on the house or appliances
Information on area schools
Once completed, the home book should be placed on the kitchen counter separate from your ad materials. It should be very visible to prospective buyers. After closing and the home has sold, you should ask the Buyer if they wish to keep the Home Book. If you have questions on creating your homebook or any part of the home selling process please, Don't hesitate to Contact Me!


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But the checkmark can't Be ticked. Ubuntu Community Ask! Feb 6, at pm UTC. Post as a guest Name. The question does not have to be directly related to Linux and any language is fair game.
The most likely explanation is that you have selected a codeblocks workspace that is on a non-Linux filesystem (such as an external NTFS hard.
[SOLVED] codeblocks permission denied
› questions › codeblock-wont-run-my-program-i. Not sure what OS you're using. but if it's Ubuntu, I use CodeBlocks on. Start Codeblocks IDE => Open the project => Right click => Rebuild.
When I create a new project and compile it, in the output window it say " permission denied ".
April 14th, 8. I moved the directory to home folder and then in the the permissions tab under properties of the executable file, i checked on the-Allow executing file as program.
SOLVED!Can't run Hello World in C language using Code Blocks Linux Mint Forums
I try the program on the usb-drive from codeblocks and it works! If you need to reset your password, click here. However, Ubuntu repository only contains the outdated version Code Blocks Morteza Morteza 31 1 1 gold badge 1 1 silver badge 6 6 bronze badges.
When I try to compile and run simple programs it gives me the error. › questions › programming-9 › codeblocks.
sh: 1: /media/a/LG/AC/Learn//Linux_home/Codeblocks/helloWorld: and I still got the same "Permission denied" pop-out terminal window. S
I got error.
Permission Denied in Ubuntu C++ Forum
Any help? How to Install Code Blocks on Ubuntu Choose your language. It's a simple thing to print a message on the screen. You might be spreading security….
How to Install Code Blocks on Ubuntu , Ubuntu , LinuxBabe
Fortios 5 2 release notes example
|May 13th, 9. BTW thanks for helping me around.
Video: Code blocks ide permission denied in linux cannot open output file : Permission denied /Eclipse-Code blocks
Join Date Feb Beans 1. Reason: incomplete procedure. Also, It didn't have many of the entries you listed such as users, user stuff like that. Sign in to report inappropriate content.


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If you are a contractor or architect choose the option that best describes your project and follow the steps to find the resource you need. If you are constructing a new single family house or duplex select your project in Home Owner.
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Help save lives by following public health official recommendations.
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- Please consider wearing a mask when physical distancing is not possible.
Whistler's most current fire danger rating is updated daily on the BC Wildfire Service's Coastal Fire Centre website. Whistler is listed as "Cheakamus".


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GAZA, PALESTINOW.COM — A number of Palestinian citizens were injured on Friday when the Israeli occupation forces heavily opened fire at the peaceful protesters taking part in the Great March of Return on Gaza border.
At least 74 Palestinians were wounded in Israel's crackdown on the 66th Friday of the Great March of Return and Breaking the Siege in the Gaza Strip, the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR) has said.
According to the rights group, the wounded included 23 children, two women, two journalists and two paramedics.
Since the start of Gaza's border protests on 30 March 2018, the Israeli occupation forces have killed 306 Palestinians and injured over 31,000.


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About The Author
All1Zed Traffic Guidance
Our objective is to provide Motorists with real time traffic information and assist them Choose the best alternative route when they view the Traffic situation ahead of them.
Related Posts
RTSA/ZP Alert!: Take note of Speed Cameras and the revised Speed limits of some Roads (02/10/2019, 11:00)
May 16, 2019
RTSA Alert!: -Lumumba Rd Traffic not moving Due to Broken down Truck (02/10/2019,09:20am).
September 3, 2019


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Tinsel House Studio Interior Design.
Cabin Remodels + Furniture Packages for Mountain Living.
Tinsel House is a versatile commercial and residential interior design studio that creates eclectic, modern design with a vintage California vibe, located in Truckee / Lake Tahoe, California. With owner Raegan Twisselmann's sharp eye for design, she combines the right pieces, colors, textures and light, proving that any space can be transformed to look its best. Raegan specializes in breathing new life into old Tahoe cabins + creating unique spaces designed to foster memorable experiences for generations to come.
What's New From Tinsel House
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In the News
Tinsel House has been featured in Mountain Living Magazine, click the link below to read more!
I reached out to Reagan needing to furnish my townhouse in Truckee and I had two weeks to get it done. Not only was she quick and responsive but she knew exactly what I needed and I loved her modern style. She was able to order and install everything I needed right before I moved in. It turned out so beautiful. I would definitely use her again if I have any future design needs.
Thank you Reagan!