text:
Image format including affective information
An image file for storing a digital image and information related to the digital image includes digital image data; a user identifier; and affective information which relates to the feelings or emotions of the user toward the digital image.
Latest Eastman Kodak Company Patents:
[0001] Reference is made to commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/721,222, filed Nov. 22, 2000, entitled "Method for Adding Personalized Metadata to a Collection of Digital Images" by Kenneth A. Parulski et al.; U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, filed concurrently herewith entitled "Method for Creating and Using Affective Information in a Digital Imaging System" by Tomasz A. Matraszek et al.; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______, filed concurrently herewith entitled "Method for Using Affective Information Recorded With Digital Images for Producing an Album Page" by Tomasz A. Matraszek et al.; the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to systems that retrieve digital images and, more particularly, to systems that retrieve digital images based upon affective information included in a digital image file.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Digital images, from digital cameras or scanned photographic film, can be viewed, stored, retrieved, and printed using a home computer, or can be uploaded to a web site for viewing, as described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,666,215 to Fredlund et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Using a web browser, a group of these digital images can be viewed and selected for printing, for example using the Kodak Photonet Service. The user can select the size of each print to be produced, and the quantity of prints to be made from each image.
[0004] Images can be organized into categories according to the people, places, subjects or events depicted, as described in a paper entitled "FotoFile: A Consumer Multimedia Organization and Retrieval System" by Kuchinsky et al. This paper describes metadata attributes that are used to describe certain images, including a "favorite" attribute that is used to indicate the "best" images in a user's collection. However, in this paper, the "favorite" attribute can only be used to help retrieve one user's images on their own PC, since there is nothing in the "favorite" attribute to designate which user has indicated that this is a "favorite" image. If the PC is used by more that one user, the FotoFile system is unable to distinguish which user labeled the image as a "favorite". Furthermore, the favorite attribute is stored in a database separate from the digital image files. Therefore, when the digital image files are used on a different system, for example when the images are transferred via a CD-R or other media, or are uploaded to an on-line photo service provider, the favorite attribute information is no longer available.
[0005] Various types of metadata related to images have been standardized. For example, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) group ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11, "Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio", has developed an "MPEG-7 Requirements Document" V.8, No. N2727, March 1999, which defines various types of metadata that can be stored with moving images. Also, the Digital Imaging Group (DIG) has developed the DIG35 metadata standard. However, neither of these specifications defines metadata, which indicates that an image is a favorite image for a particular user.
[0006] Album pages can be produced from digital images by arranging numerous images on the same page, as described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,004,061 to Manico et al., the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. These album pages can be customized in terms of the size and arrangement of images on the page, the size and finish of the album pages, and the background color or patterns used. The method of organizing digital images on an album page is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/559,478, filed Apr. 27, 2000 by Simon, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. However, this method does not enable a user's favorite images to be automatically featured, for example by making them larger or more prominent, unless the user manually intervenes and manually adjusts their images.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] It is an object of the present invention to provide an image file, which includes image data, and affective information related to a user's reaction to an image.
[0008] This object is achieved by an image file for storing a digital image and information related to the digital image, including:
[0009] a) digital image data;
[0010] b) a user identifier; and
[0011] c) affective information which relates to the feelings or emotions of the user toward the digital image.ADVANTAGES
[0012] It is an advantage of the present invention to make use of affective information to classify a user's reaction to digital images.
[0013] It is a further advantage of the present invention that affective information is associated with a user identifier which defines which user's reaction is provided by the affective information.
[0014] It is a further advantage of the present invention to associate affective information for multiple users with the same digital image.
[0015] It is also an advantage of the present invention to provide an image format including the digital image, a user identifier, and affective information.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a home computer system for creating affective information;
[0017] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram showing an embodiment of a system for creating affective information;
[0018] FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B depict a user interface for selecting signal recordings for creating affective information;
[0019] FIG. 4A is an example of a personal affective tag for a single user;
[0020] FIG. 4B is an example of affective metadata for multiple users with multiple personal affective tags;
[0021] FIG. 4C depicts an image file including affective metadata;
[0022] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of a typical method for using affective information in a digital imaging system;
[0023] FIG. 6 depicts a flow diagram for creating album pages;
[0024] FIG. 7A depicts a customized album page produced using affective information;
[0025] FIG. 7B depicts a picture map produced using affective information;
[0026] FIG. 8 depicts a block diagram of a networked digital system that uses affective information; and
[0027] FIG. 9 depicts a flow diagram for creating customized photo- products using a service provider for a designee.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0028] The present invention defines methods for determining affective information related to images, for storing affective information and user identifiers in association with digital images, and for using the affective information and user identifiers in retrieving digital images and in producing hardcopy output, such as album pages. The present invention associates the emotional reactions of different people to the same images. When used with networked photosystems, this enables people to share and to use images in more personal ways. By storing affective information and user identifiers in a standard manner, it is possible to automatically create imaging products, such as album pages, which have been personalized using the affective information for a particular user.
[0029] Affective information is defined in this patent as information that relates to the feelings or emotions of a person toward images. This information usually describes or represents a person's subjective reaction to a given image. The image could be a still image, or a moving image such as a video clip. Affective information can indicate the level of importance a user associates with an image, such as whether the image is a "favorite". For example, a user may take dozens of photographs during an event, such as a wedding or Christmas celebration. Out of these many images, there a normally a few that the user feels are special favorites. Affective information can also include emotional categories, such as fear, anger, happiness, etc.
[0030] A simple example of affective information is a "tag" or "flag", associated with an image, which indicates whether or not the image has been identified as a "favorite" or "important" image for the user. The absence of such a tag indicates that the image has not been identified as a favorite or important image for the user. Such tag represents a binary categorization, classifying images into "favorite" and "normal" categories. In another example, favorite images are categorized into a range of levels. For example, images can be classified between a range of −10 to +10, where 0 is used for an unclassified image, +10 is used for the "most favorite" image or images, and −10 is used for the "least favorite" image or images.
[0031] The present invention recognizes that different users have different emotional reactions to the same image. Therefore, to be useful, affective information relating to images must be associated with a particular user. This can be done by providing a user identifier along with the affective information. The user identifier can be any type of information that enables a particular user to be identified. The user identifier can be a personal identification code such as a globally unique ID (GUID), user number, social security number, or the like. The user identifier can also be a complete legal name, a nickname, a computer user name, or the like. The user identifier can alternatively includes information such as a facial image or description, fingerprint image or description, retina scan, or the like.
[0032] The present invention recognizes that a user's emotional reaction to a particular image can change over time. For example, a user may have a favorite photo of one of their adult children and their spouse, taken at a family gathering. Some time later, the couple may divorce. At this later time, the image is no longer the same type of favorite photo, providing the user with happy memories. Instead, it may now be a "disliked" photo, which makes the user sad or angry. Therefore, in some embodiments of the present invention, a date or time period is associated with the affective information. In addition, affective information for the same user, provided at different dates or time periods, can be associated with the image. This history of a user's reaction to a given image also enables analysis of changes in person's reaction that can be used for therapeutic, diagnosis or retrospective purposes.
[0033] Affective information can be manually entered by a user, for example using a mouse, keyboard, or voice recognition, or can be collected automatically.
[0034] The following are examples of methods for automatically collecting affective information:
[0035] the viewing time of the image, since a longer viewing time normally indicates that this is an important image;
[0036] other behavioral/usage information related to the usage of this image, such as how many times the image was printed or sent to others via e-mail;
[0037] the facial expression of the user, which can be captured automatically by a video camera as the user views the image;
[0038] body gestures recorded by a video camera as the user views the image;
[0039] the user's eye movements, such as the gaze path of the user while viewing the image;
[0040] the user's voice, recorded while viewing the image;
[0041] the pressure of the user's hand on the input device (e.g. joystick or mouse) recorded while viewing the image; and
[0042] the user's biometric or physiological responses recorded as the user views the image. These can be any combination of signals, including EMG, temperature, GSR, heart rate, brain waves EEG, brain-imaging signals, etc.
[0043] The following are examples of methods for a user to manually provide affective information:
[0044] having the user "click" a mouse on an icon representing a "favorite image" tag;
[0045] having the user type in a keyword, or select a keyword from a group of keywords, describing a subjective reaction (e.g. funny, sad, etc.) to an image; and
[0046] having the user annotate the image with a voice recording (e.g. with phrases like "This is my favorite image").
[0047] Affective information is typically determined, either manually or automatically, as a user views images in their home, for example on their home computer. Affective tagging is defined as the process of determining affective information, and storing the affective information in association with the images. When the affective information is stored in association with a user identifier, it is known as "personal affective information". The affective information and user identifier are types of image "metadata", which is a term used for any information relating to an image. Examples of other types of image metadata include image capture time, capture device, capture location, date of capture, image capture parameters, image editing history, etc.
[0048] The personal affective information can be associated with a digital image by storing the personal affective information within the image file, for example using a TIFF IFD within an Exif image file. Alternatively, the personal affective information can be stored in a separate database. In some embodiments, this information is stored along with security and access permissions information, to prevent unauthorized access to the information.
[0049] Referring to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a desktop computer system made in accordance with the present invention for providing personal affective information, associating it with image(s) as image metadata, and storing the images and the associated personal affective information. The personal affective information is then used to provide improved image retrieval, and to provide customized photoproducts.
[0050] The system depicted in FIG. 1 includes a home computer 10 (with associated peripherals) located at the user location (e.g. their home). It is understood that a system such as a game console, dedicated Internet appliance, set top box, or retail kiosk may be substituted for the home computer system 10. The home computer 10 is connected through a modem 22 or other communications interface to a communication service provider, such as an Internet service provider 30. The home computer 10 includes a CPU motherboard 12, a display monitor 14, and a hard drive storage device 20 that can store high resolution image files such as digital still or digital motion images and associated metadata. The metadata includes personal affective information as well as other metadata, for example audio information associated with particular images.
[0051] The home computer includes various image input peripherals, including a scanner 28, a CD reader 26, and a digital camera 24. The scanner 28 is used to scan prints or film and produce digital images. The CD reader 26 is used to input digital images from a CD-R disc, such as a Kodak PictureCD (not shown). The user can also download images from a Service Provider using the modem 22. The home computer 10 can also connect to a local printer (not shown), such as an inkjet printer, to allow images to be printed at the user's home.
[0052] The digital camera 24 can be a digital still camera such as the Kodak DC 4800 digital camera manufactured by Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester N.Y. Alternatively, the digital camera 24 can be a digital motion camera such as the Kodak MC3 portable multimedia device, which records motion and sound video files, in addition to still images. The digital camera 24 connects to the home computer 10 via a cable employing a common interface, such as the well known Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface or the IEEE 1394 interface. Alternatively, digital camera 24 can connect to the home computer 10 using a wireless interface, such as the well known Bluetooth interface or the IEEE Standard 802.15 interface. Alternatively, the images can be transferred from the digital camera 24 to the home computer 10 using a removable memory card, such as a CompactFlash card and a card reader (not shown).
[0053] In order to provide affective information, the home computer 10 is connected to a keyboard 16 and a pointing device 18, such as a mouse or trackball. In a preferred embodiment, the pointing device 18 also includes sensors that can detect the user's physiological signals, including the GSR (Galvanic Skin Response), hand temperature and heart rate. The sensors also detect ambient temperature.
[0054] The home computer 10 is optionally connected to video camera 4. The video camera captures video images of the face of the user 2, and stores this video information on the hard drive storage 20. The video camera 4 can be, for example, a DV325 tethered camera sold by Eastman Kodak Company. The camera connects to the home computer 10 via a cable employing a common interface, such as the Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface.
[0055] The home computer 10 is provided with appropriate software for creating and using personalized affective information in accordance with the present invention. This software is typically stored on hard drive 20, and provided using a CD-ROM disc (not shown) which can be read by CD reader 26, or can be provided on a floppy disk (not shown) which is loaded into the home computer 10 via a floppy disk drive (not shown). Alternatively, this software can be downloaded from the Internet via modem 22.
[0056] The home computer 10 is connected to a network, such as the Internet, as shown in FIG. 8. As depicted in FIG. 8, many different home computers 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D are connected to the Internet by various Internet service providers (ISPs) 30A, 30B, and 30C. The ISPs provide a connection to a service provider 40. The ISP 30A-C includes banks of modems 32, one of which is connected to communicate with the modem 22 of the user's computer 10. The modem 32, in turn, communicates with computers/routers 34 in order to provide a connection to the channel 36 using equipment and techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
[0057] The service provider 40 is connected to the channel 36, such as the Internet, by a network server 42, such as an Internet server, which is comprised of one or more computers and associated peripherals. The service provider 40 also includes an electronic database 44. The electronic database 44 provides information describing numerous image bearing product options, including different print sizes, different output formats such as mugs and t-shirts, and printing a group of digital images onto album pages. The electronic database 44 can be contained on the same computer as the network server 42, or can utilize a separate computer, or can be distributed over several computers at the same physical site, or at different sites.
[0058] As shown in FIG. 8, the electronic database 44 is connected to production controller 52. The production controller 52 controls one or more color hardcopy printers 54, which can produce album pages 56 or separate hardcopy prints 58, which are examples of photoproducts. The production controller 52 can optionally be connected to a transfer printer (not shown) for producing transfer prints that can be used to produce t-shirts, coffee mugs, etc. incorporating one or more images uploaded by the user. The production controller 52 also controls a shipping system 70, which controls a shipping label printer 72 to produce a shipping label 74. The shipping label 74 is attached to a shipping container (e.g., a cardboard box containing packing material) that contains and protects the photoproducts during shipment (e.g., via air express mail, ground carrier, etc.) to the customer or the customer's designee.
[0059] On a regular basis (e.g. monthly) or alternatively whenever a photoproduct is purchased by the user, the electronic database 44 communicates with a billing system 46 to verify that the payment identifier (e.g., credit card or debit card number) provided by the customer is valid, and to debit the account for any purchases made, or for any monthly service fees for providing services to the user, such as for storing user images and associated personal affective information. As shown in block 48, the bill is issued. The customer's account that is debited can, of course, be located at a remote financial institution.
[0060] The service provider 40 is located at a second location, typically in another city, remote from the user's computer 10. The various portions of the service provider 40 can be located in a single building or complex of adjacent buildings, or can be geographically dispersed over several sites in different cities or even different continents. For example, the electronic database 44 and the album production controller 52 can be provided by computers located in different cities and interconnected via a suitable digital communications network, such as the Internet. Furthermore, the electronic database 44 can itself be distributed over several computers in several different locations.
[0061] The electronic database 44 also provides long-term storage of the uploaded images and associated personal affective information. In this embodiment, stored images are accessible (e.g. viewable) via the Internet by authorized users, as described, for example, in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,917 to Sheridan, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference.
[0062] The electronic database 44 includes information describing different features of the albums and other photoproducts that can be selected and customized by the customer at the remote location, using the customer's computer 10. The electronic database 44 also includes information describing photoproduct options, for example album features such as providing various background colors or textures, page numbers, page captions, image captions, etc. The album pages can be bound in a cover, or can include holes to permit the pages to be inserted into a standard binder, such as a three-ring binder. These album feature options can be demonstrated via software programs, for example, JAVA applets, MPEG or QuickTime movies, or Shockwave files, which depict the functionality of features that the customer can choose.
[0063] In addition to home computers 10A-10D, other types of devices can be used to provide or access images via channel 36. These devices include Wireless PDA devices 37, retail kiosks 38, and electronic picture frame devices 39, all of which can be used to retrieve images and associated affective information from database 44 through channel 36 via one of the ISPs 30A-C.
[0064] Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a flow diagram illustrating embodiments of the present invention, implemented in the system described in relation to FIG. 1 and FIG. 8. This embodiment includes both automatic and manual determination of affective information.
[0065] In block 110, a user opens a new set of images by inserting the CD-ROM into the CD reader 26 of the home computer 10. In a preferred embodiment, the CD-ROM also includes the software application that implements the method of FIG. 2. In this case, the software is automatically installed as part of block 112, if necessary, so that it can be used by CPU motherboard 12.
[0066] In block 112, the application which implements the method of the present invention is launched automatically, when the images are viewed for the first time by a user. Alternatively, the user can start the application manually and load a new set of images from the digital camera 24, the scanner 28, or from other image sources including the Internet.
[0067] In block 114, the user enters their personal ID and password. Alternatively, this step can be provided automatically by the operating system of the home computer 10 when the user "logs on" to the computer. In an alternative embodiment, the video camera 4 is used in conjunction with face recognition software to automatically determine the user, and provide an appropriate user identifier, such as their name or personal identification code.
[0068] In block 118, the home computer 10 asks the user whether the user wants to manually provide affective information, or instead have the system automatically provide affective tagging while the user views the images.
[0069] In block 120, if the user selects automatic affective tagging, the home computer 10 provides a selection of signals that can be recorded in order to determine the user's emotional reaction as they view images. An example of a screen displayed on monitor 14 to enable this user selection is shown in FIG. 3A. Three signals are marked as defaults: viewing time per image, the facial expression recorded by the video camera 4, and physiological signals detected through sensors in pointing device 18. Depending on the hardware configuration, other signals may be listed in the selection.
[0070] In block 122, the user selects which signals are to be recorded in order to determine the affective information. In FIG. 3B, there is shown an example of signals selected by the user, including viewing time, facial expression, and physiology. The physiological signals selected by the user include heart rate, hand temperature, and galvanic skin response (GSR).
[0071] In block 124, the home computer 10 retrieves the first image from the CD-ROM (or other image source) and in block 126, the home computer 10 displays the image on the monitor 14.
[0072] In block 128, the home computer 10 automatically records the signals that the user selected in block 122 (e.g. the viewing time, a video of the user's face, and physiological signals).
[0073] In block 130, the user clicks the pointing device 18 to indicate that they want to move to the next image. Alternatively, the user can provide some other form of input, such as hitting a key on the keyboard 16, providing an audio command which is input by a microphone (not shown), providing a gesture captured by video camera 4, or using other input devices.
[0074] In block 132, the home computer 10 determines if this is the last image of the image set.
[0075] In block 134, if this is not the last image, the home computer 10 retrieves the next image of the image set and repeats blocks 126 through 132.
[0076] In block 136, if this is the last image, the home computer 10 analyzes the recorded affective signals in order to create affective information and creates affective tag. This step includes determining the degree of emotional importance of each image of the set, for the user 2. In a preferred embodiment, the home computer 10 estimates the emotional positive importance of each image of the set based on the user's facial expression (e.g. smiling), viewing time, and skin conductance.
[0077] The home computer 10 can detect the facial expression recorded by the video camera 4 using well known facial expression detection algorithms. An example of one such algorithm is "Facial Expression Recognition using a Dynamic Model and Motion Energy" by Irfan A. Essa and Alex Pentland published in the Proceedings of the ICCV 95, Cambridge, Mass., June 1995. A detected smile is a positive facial expression.
[0078] In block 128, the facial expression of the user 2 was recorded as the user viewed the set of images. Frames of the video signal from the video camera 4 are then processed using facial expression recognition software, and classified into at least two categories: positive and not positive. The positive category is assigned when the smile is detected on the user's face. The not positive category is assigned if a smile has not been detected on the user's face. Alternatively, the facial expression may be more classified into a broader range of categories, such as happiness, sadness, despair, disgust, love, etc. and further classified using a range of values for these categories, such as for example strongly positive, somewhat positive, neutral and somewhat negative, and strongly negative. As a result of facial recognition, images in the positive category are then considered to be a user's favorite images, while images in the not positive category are not considered to be the user's favorite images.
[0079] The longer the image viewing time, the higher probability of positive image importance for that particular image. In blocks 126-134, the user views images, one at a time, on the monitor 14 and proceeds to the next image by clicking the mouse button. The time interval between two consecutive images is determined by a home computer 10 and recorded as an affective signal. The paper entitled "Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions", Psychophysiology, 30, pp. 261-273, 1993, by P. J. Lang, M. K. Greenwald, M. M. Bradley, and A. O. Hamm, reports that on average, viewing time linearly correlates with the degree of the interest or attention an image elicits in an observer. This paper compares the viewing time with the degree of the interest for third party pictures. In the present invention, the viewing time information is assessed for one or more users, for first party images.
[0080] The relationship between viewing time and user interest is used by the home computer 10, which interprets the viewing time as an indication of the user's interest toward an image, or as a degree of importance of the image. The relative degree of interest for a specific image is determined as the viewing time for this specific image divided (or normalized) by the maximum viewing time among all images of the set. This relative degree of interest is used by the home computer 10 to rank the images in the set in a systematic and continuous manner, as "important" or "favorite" images. The most favorite images are those that have higher relative degrees of interest for a specified user.
[0081] To ensure that the viewing time is not improperly judged as a result of user distraction, the video camera 4 can be used to ensure that the user 2 is directing their gaze towards the monitor 14, and is not distracted by other tasks, or has even left the room.
[0082] Skin conductance is a magnitude of the electrical conductance of the skin that is measured as a response to viewing the image. This signal is recorded using a biometric sensor. A computer mouse that is able to detect and record skin conductance has been developed by IBM Corp. Skin conductance or galvanic skin response reflects a degree of interest toward the picture as described in a paper entitled "Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions", Psychophysiology, 30, pp. 261-273, 1993, by P. J. Lang, M. K. Greenwald, M. M. Bradley, and A. O. Hamm. The skin conductance changes depending on the arousal the image elicits in the viewer: the higher the skin conductance, the higher the arousal or excitement, and vice versa: the lower the skin conductance, the lower the arousal. Therefore, the measure of the amplitude of the skin conductance response which is the difference between skin conductance before an image onset and the extremum of the skin conductance developed within a few seconds after an image onset, can be used to determine the user's interest or attention to a certain image.
[0083] Based on the skin conductance recorded using the pointing device 18, every image of the set is assigned a degree of interest. The value is a function of the magnitude of the skin conductance for the particular image, divided by the maximum skin conductance response recorded for the image set. The images in the set can be ranked as favorite images by using these values. The lower relative skin conductance, the more "favorite" the image is.
[0084] The three affective signals can be further combined to obtain an integral measure of positive interest. For every image in the set, the relative degrees of interest are obtained based on the viewing time (degree of interest via viewing time, DItime) and the skin conductance response (degree of interest via skin conductance response, DIskin_response) as described above. If an image was classified as positive based on the assessment of facial expression, the image is assigned a value of 1 for positive response (PR). If an image was classified as not positive, a value of 0 is assigned for positive response. Then a measure of positive interest (e.g. importance or "favoriteness") can be computed for every image using an appropriate function. One such function is a sum of all three measures:
Positive Interest=DItime+DIskin_response+PR.
[0085] Other appropriate functions include a weighted sum of these three measures, where the weights are determined based on the standard deviation within each of the normalized (divided by the maximum value) signals over the image set. In this case, the higher the standard deviation within the signal, the higher the weight of the contribution for the signal into the measure of positive interest. Consequently, the lower the standard deviation of a given signal, the lower the weight of the contribution for the corresponding signal into the measure of positive interest. The reason for this dependency stems from the assumption that a standard deviation of a particular measure reflects a degree of differentiation between the images along a given measure. This implies that the signal with the highest standard deviation has more differentiation power, and therefor is more important to consider while determining an integral measure of positive interest.
[0086] In block 140, if the user selected manual affective tagging in block 118, the images in the image set are displayed on the monitor 14 as small thumbnail images. In block 142, the user manually selects images, which are favorites, and enters manually affective information (e.g. degree of positive importance/favorite) for the selected images. This may be done using the methods described in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/721,222, filed Nov. 22, 2000, entitled "Method for Adding Personalized Metadata to a Collection of Digital Images" by Parulski, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0087] In block 146, the affective information from block 136 or 142 is used to provide personal affective tags, which are associated with the corresponding images of the image set. The association can be accomplished by including the personal affective tags within each image file of the set or by providing the personal affective tags in a separate database, along with a name or pointer to the corresponding image associated with each tag. The database can be stored on hard drive 20. The personal affective tag includes a user identifier, as described earlier in relation to block 114.
[0088] An illustrative example of a personal affective tag is shown in FIG. 4A. FIG. 4A depicts a file data structure of a personal affective tag for a single user, which includes a personal identification field, two affective records captured at two different times, and one behavior record.
[0089] The personal affective tag field identifies the data structure in the file as containing personal affective tag data. A personal identification code is stored in the personal identification field. This field identifies the user, whose affective information is stored in this personal affective tag.
[0090] The affective records stores affective information directly related to a user's reaction to an image. This includes the date and the place the affective information was collected. The first affective record stores affective information captured at a first time and location specified in the first Location field and Time field, and the second affective record stores affective information captured at a second time and location specified in the second Location field and Time field. The affect field in the affective record stores the subjective reaction(s) determined when the image was viewed by the user identified by personal identification code stored in the personal identification field. In the simple embodiment, the affect field can store an "importance" or "favorite" ranking ranging from −10 to 10, where 10 means the most favorite and −10 means the least favorite. Alternatively, the affect field can include basic emotion (e.g. happy) with a corresponding ranking that quantifies the intensity of the detected emotion. The affect determination can be the result of automatic detection or a manual entry by the user, as described earlier in relation to FIG. 2.
[0091] The minimum required information contained in a personal affective tag consists of the personal identification code stored in the corresponding field, and at least one subjective reaction (affect) stored in the affect field. Other optional fields shown in FIG. 4A include the time the affective information was collected, stored in the Time field. The personal affective tag can also contain other affective data related to the affective signals selected by the user in step 122. These fields can include the viewing time field, physiology temperature field, physiology heart rate field, physiology EEG field, face expression field, the gaze tracking field, and the touch pressure field.
[0092] The behavior record stores information related to the usage of the image, including the number of times the image was viewed by the user, the number of times the image was printed by the user, and the number of times the image was sent by e-mail by the user.
[0093] Referring to FIG. 4B, there is shown an example data structure of affective metadata for a single image, which provides personal affective information for multiple users. Personal affective tag 1 indicates that on Aug. 1, 2000, a first user (user 1) provided affective information (either manually or automatically) which gave the associated image an importance rating of 8 (on a −10 to 10 scale). Personal affective tag 2 indicates that on Jul. 4, 2001, a different user (user 2) provided affective information, which gave the same associated image an importance rating of 4. Personal affective tag 3 indicates that on Oct. 8, 2001, the first user (user 1) provided affective information, which now gave the same associated image an importance rating of −5.
[0094] Referring to FIG. 4C, there is shown an example of an image file, which contains image metadata and image data. The image file can be a JPEG image files, such as an Exif/JPEG file, a TIFF file, a JPEG 2000 image file, or can utilize many other image file formats. The image metadata includes well known capture device metadata. This capture device metadata can include the make of the digital capture device that provided the image, for example the make of the digital camera. It can also include the image capture date and capture device settings, such as the camera lens focal length, f-number, etc. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the image metadata includes one or more personal affective tags. Each personal affective tag includes a user identifier stored in a personal identification field, and at least one Affective Record, such as an importance rating. A single image file can include a plurality of affective tags for a plurality of different users.
[0095] In block 148 of FIG. 2, the personal affective tags are used to retrieve or print images. Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention of a retrieval system on the home computer 10. In this embodiment, the personal affective information is used to assist in the image retrieval process, and is used to improve the process of providing photoproducts, such as album pages, which utilize the set of images described earlier in relation to block 110. It will be understood that the image retrieval can be done immediately after the personal affective information is created, or at a later time. It will also be understood that prior to image retrieval, other users may have provided affective information for the same set of images, so that each image has associated affective information for a plurality of users. If the image retrieval is done at a later time, the user is asked to enter their personal ID and password, as described earlier in relation to block 112. This is done so that the appropriate user identifier can be used to retrieve the appropriate personal affective information for the user.
[0096] In block 149 of FIG. 5, the retrieval user initiates the image retrieval and utilization process, by selecting, using the pointing device 18, an appropriate menu item (such as a menu item named "retrieve images") displayed on monitor 14.
[0097] In block 150, the home computer 10 provides a thumbnail display of the set of images on the monitor 14. The thumbnails are ordered according to "importance" rating of the images for the particular user. The higher rated images are displayed first, and the lowest rated images are displayed last. The rating can also be displayed alongside each associated image. As a result, the user's personal affective information is used to determine the order of presentation of the retrieved images.
[0098] In block 152, the user is asked if they want to change the ratings. If the user responses in the affirmative, in block 154 the user can manually adjust the rating. The home computer 10 stores new personal affective information for the user, for each image whose rating is manually adjusted.
[0099] In block 156, the user selects one or more services and applications of interest. These can include creating customized album pages (block 158), uploading images or album pages to the service provider 40 for printing (block 160), sending favorite images by e-mail (block 162), creating a picture map (block 164), and adding the image set (including the associated personal affective tags) to a user's collection on the local hard drive 20, or on a remote server (step 166), for sharing with family and friends via the Internet.
[0100] In block 170, the user is asked if they are done, or if they want to select additional services or products. In block 172, the process ends.
[0101] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention of a system for creating album pages that uses affective information. Affective information can be used by the system to create album pages in the following ways:
[0102] to retrieve favorite images to be included on album pages;
[0103] to position most favorite images in the center of the page;
[0104] to resize most favorite images to be bigger than other images on the page; and
[0105] to change the background surround the most favorite images to emphasize their importance (e.g. providing a bold framing feature).
[0106] The flow diagram in FIG. 6 describes in more detail the process of creating album pages, which is block 158 in FIG. 5. In block 305 of FIG. 6, the user specifies the number of album pages, and selects images for each album page. In an alternative embodiment, the system can automatically select images for each page by using the capture date information, stored in image metadata, and the number of pages specified by the user, to group the images on pages according to the date.
[0107] In block 310, the system automatically creates the specified number of album pages from the selected images. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the images are automatically organized into album pages using emphasis images, as described in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/559,478, filed Apr. 27, 2000 by Simon, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In the present invention, the most favorite images are automatically identified as emphasis images. As described in the Simon et al. patent, the emphasis image is located in the center of the page and is larger than other images on the page. This method of emphasizing the most important images can be repeated for each album page, to create specified number of album pages.
[0108] After the album pages are automatically arranged, in block 310, the user is asked whether they want to modify the arrangement, in block 312. The user can then change the number of pages (block 314), the number of images on a selected page (block 316), the layout of the selected page (block 318), and the size of images on the page (block 320). The user can also select different images to include on the pages (block 322). When the user is satisfied with the appearance of the album pages (block 324), then user then decides (block 326) whether to print the album pages locally (block 330) or to instead order printed album pages from the service provider 40 (block 328). The album pages can be produced using the methods described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,004,061 to Manico et al., the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference. The process ends at block 332.
[0109] Referring to FIG. 7A, there is shown an example of a created album page. Five images (P1-P5) are formatted and put on the album page by the home computer 10, or by the service provider 40. When the system automatically creates an album page, the most favorite image is featured. This can be done by positioning this most favorite image in the center of the page (image PI). This can also be done by formatting the most favorite image (PI) so that this image is larger in size than the other images on the page. This can also be done by providing a background frame, or another type of background surround, that draws attention to this particular image. In addition, image attributes of the most favorite image can be modified to emphasize its importance. For example, this image can be processed to increase its sharpness, color saturation, etc.
[0110] The most favorite image is automatically selected from the set of images assigned for the album page, based on the personal affective information associated with images for the particular user. If a second user, having different personal affective information, were to request an album page including the same set of images, it is likely that a different image would be featured, since a different image is likely to be the most favorite image for that second user. Thus, album page layout is automatically customized for the particular user, based on the personal affective information for that user.
[0111] Referring to FIG. 7B, there is shown an example of a picture map created in block 166 of FIG. 5. In this example, seven images (P1-P7) are formatted and put on the picture map. In one exemplary embodiment, the system can automatically select an appropriate map based on geographic location information stored as metadata associated with the images. Such metadata can be created automatically at capture time (e.g. by the digital cameras with GPS—Global Positioning System) or manually by the user. For each different location specified by the metadata, the system selects the most favorite image captured in that location and places it in the proper place on the map. The most favorite images are automatically selected by the system based on the personal affective information associated with the images. In FIG. 7B, seven locations have been identified, and the seven most favorite images (P1-P7) corresponding to these locations have been selected and placed on the map.
[0112] Referring to FIG. 9, there is shown a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention of using affective information to create customized photoproducts through a communications network, such as the Internet. In the present invention, customized photoproducts, such as album pages, are created based on personal affective information associated with the images.
[0113] In block 510, the customer logs onto a web site provided by the photo service provider 40 (FIG. 8). In general, the customer may not be the same person as the user who created the affective information in FIG. 2. For example, this is the case when one family member creates personalized photoproducts for other family members or friends using their favorite images.
[0114] In block 512, the customer enters their personal ID and password, as described earlier in relation to block 114 of FIG. 2.
[0115] In block 514, the customer selects whose favorite images they want to browse. The customer can choose to browse through their favorites, and/or through favorite images provide by their family members or friends. To browse through other people's favorite images, the customer must have access permission, as described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,760,917 to Sheridan, referenced earlier. These access permissions are created when images are uploaded and stored by a user in database 44.
[0116] In block 516, the customer browses through favorites by date and/or event and selects images of interest (e.g. by clicking on images to be selected). In block 518, thumbnails of all selected images are displayed. In block 520 and 522, the customer can modify their selection of images.
[0117] In block 524, the customer selects one or more desired products, and the designee who is to receive the product. If the user has access permission for the designee, the service provider can automatically determine the user identifier for the designee, so that personal affective information for the designee can be used to customize the photoproduct to be order and shipped to that designee, for example as a gift.
[0118] Using the customer selected images, different customized photoproducts can be created. In block 526, album pages can be selected. In block 528, a customized calendar including customer selected images can be selected. In block 530, a montage poster can be selected. This is a large poster containing a creative background and many different images. In block 532, the customer can choose to create a picture map. In block 540, the customer decides whether they are done selecting photoproducts, or want to select additional photoproducts.
[0119] In block 542, the personal affective information for the designee is used to feature the most favorite images, as the photoproduct is organized. As described earlier in reference to FIG. 5, when album pages, calendars, or montage posters are created, the personal affective information is used to select one or more particularly favorite images to be featured. These featured images are printed larger than the others are, and in more prominent locations in the photoproduct.
[0120] In block 546, the photoproduct is produced and shipped to the customer's designee, and the customer is billed by the service provider.
[0121] A computer program product can include one or more storage medium, for example; magnetic storage media such as magnetic disk (such as a floppy disk) or magnetic tape; optical storage media such as optical disk, optical tape, or machine readable bar code; solid-state electronic storage devices such as random access memory (RAM), or read-only memory (ROM); or any other physical device or media employed to store a computer program having instructions for practicing a method according to the present invention.
[0122] The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention. 1 2 user 4 viseo camera 10A-D home computer systems 12 CPU motherboard 14 monitor 16 keyboard 18 pointing device with physiology sensors 20 hard drive 22 modem 24 digital camera 26 CD reader 28 scanner 30A-C Internet service provider 32 modems 34 computers/routers 36 channel 37 PDAs 38 retail kiosks 39 electronic picture frame device 40 service provider 42 Internet server 44 electronic database 46 billing system 48 bill issuing 52 production controller 54 hardcopy printers 56 album pages 70 shipping system 72 shipping label printer 74 shipping label 110 block 112 block 114 block 118 block 120 block 122 block 124 block 126 block 128 block 130 block 132 block 134 block 136 block 140 block 142 block 146 block 148 block 149 block 150 block 152 block 154 block 156 block 158 block 160 block 162 block 164 block 166 block 170 block 172 block 305 block 310 block 312 block 314 block 316 block 318 block 320 block 322 block 324 block 326 block 328 block 330 block 332 block 510 block 512 block 514 block 516 block 518 block 520 block 522 block 524 block 526 block 528 block 530 block 532 block 540 block 542 block 546 block
1. An image file for storing a digital image and information related to the digital image, including:
- a) digital image data;
- b) a user identifier; and
- c) affective information which relates to the feelings or emotions of the user toward the digital image.
2. The image file of claim 1 wherein the affective information further specifies the time or period within a range of times that the classification was performed.
3. The image file of claim 1 wherein the affective information identifies the importance of the image.
4. The image file of claim 1 wherein the image file further includes information related to the capture device.
5. The image file of claim 1 wherein the image data is a JPEG compressed image data.
6. The image file of claim 1 wherein the digital image file includes affective information and user identifiers for a plurality of users.
7. A method for providing a retrieval scheme for stored digital images, using the image file of claim 6, comprising the steps of:
- a) a retrieval user providing a user identifier;
- b) using the user identifier provided by the retrieval user to select, from the plurality of affective information, the particular affective information associated with the retrieval user; and
- c) using the affective information to facilitate image retrieval.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the affective information identifies the importance of the image to a plurality of users.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the affective information is used to determine the order of presentation of retrieved images.
10. The image file of claim 1 wherein the affective information is provided by monitoring the facial expression of the user.
11. The image file of claim 1 wherein the affective information is provided by monitoring the physiology of the user.
12. The image file of claim 1 wherein the affective information is provided by a user interface which enables the user to indicate important images.
Type: Application
Filed: Dec 26, 2001
Publication Date: Jul 3, 2003
Patent Grant number: 7307636
Applicant: Eastman Kodak Company
Inventors: Tomasz A. Matraszek (Pittsford, NY), Elena A. Fedorovskaya (Pittsford, NY), Serguei Endrikhovski (Rochester, NY), Kenneth A. Parulski (Rochester, NY)
Application Number: 10036157
International Classification: G09G005/00;


text:
A pre-dawn raid by the terrorist group
al-Shabaab on a military base in southern Somalia has left at least
18 people dead, officials told dpa on Sunday.
"We have lost five soldiers in this terrorist attack. Our troops have also killed 13 militants," Somali military official Mohamed Abdi said.
The incident was the latest in a series of insurgent attacks across south and central regions of the volatile East African country. It took place in the Lower Shabelle province, on the outskirts of the regional capital Marka.
The attack started with a suicide car bombing at the entrance of the military base, Abdi said. A local government official, Abdullahi Ali Ahmed, told dpa by phone that the gun battle between the two sides had lasted about two hours.
Al-Shabaab claimed responsibility for the attack. The group said it had killed more than 20 soldiers and captured the base briefly, looting military items and ammunition. No independent sources were available to verify these claims.
Speaking to local media in the capital Mogadishu, army chief Odowaa Yusuf Rage confirmed the morning assault, but said his troops overpowered and repelled the militants, killing several of them. Al-Shabaab, which is affiliated with the international al-Qaeda terrorist network, regularly launches attacks within Somalia.
There are no comments.
LEAVE A COMMENT Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked*
Nigerians elect governor in pandemic's first poll
West Africa leaders press Mali junta over transition
Hotel Rwanda hero charged with terror, financing rebels
Over 50 feared dead in DR Congo mine collapse
Thousands protest over giant oil spill
200 killed in African floods
QFFD sends relief aid to flood-hit Sudan
Hotel Rwanda hero's family accuses govt of kidnapping
Sudan govt, rebels agree on peace deal

subset: commoncrawl


text:
FRIDAY September 11, 2020
Never Forget
The LORD also will be a refuge for the oppressed, A refuge in times of trouble. And those who know Your name will put their trust in You; for You, LORD, have not forsaken those who seek You.
Psalm 9:9-10
Today marks 18 years since the 9/11 attacks shocked our great nation and the entire world. As a nation, we have promised never to forget the atrocities of 9/11. On Tuesday, September 11, 2001, people stood in disbelief, and watched in horror, as two of four hijacked planes, were flown into the Twin Towers at the World Trade Centre in New York City.
The two other hijacked planes flew toward their planned targets. One was intentionally crashed into the Pentagon, while the other, it is believed, was rapidly heading toward America's capital city or the White House itself. Due to the bravery of the passengers, and crew who sought to regain control, the plane crashed into a field in Pennsylvania.
These suicide terror attacks were attributed to al-Qaeda Islamic extremists. In one day nearly 3,000 Americans were killed, which was the greatest amount of lives lost due to a foreign attack on United States soil. Our nation was plunged into a time of immense mourning and grief. Churches around America were full of people seeking God for comfort, and, as a nation, we have vowed never to forget! Yet how many people have forgotten? Yet God never forgets those precious lives lost.
People tend to seek God only when trouble comes, but we need to search Him out every day of our lives. How we need follow the example of passion shown by the Sweet Psalmist of Israel: One thing I have desired of the LORD, that will I seek: that I may dwell in the house of the LORD All the days of my life, to behold the beauty of the LORD, and to inquire in His temple (Psalm 27:4).
One thing we must never do is to forget our God. He is our refuge in times of trouble. More than ever before churches in America should be full of people seeking the LORD. God is faithful. He has not forsaken us, may we never forsake Him. As a nation, we must place our trust in the LORD.
…He [God] avenges blood, He remembers them; He does not forget the cry of the humble.
~Psalm 9:12~
For more from Raul Ries, please visit SomebodyLovesYou.com!


text:
Where's the bottom they cry as capitulation rules the day. Bitcoin is down 15% at $4,510, with crypto market cap plunging to $146 billion, equating to a loss of $25 billion in 24 hours.
Everywhere prices are collapsing, even XRP which has lately been the strong outlier. Trading volumes in bitcoin are strong at $7 billion. Before this week those are trading volumes only last seen on 15 October and 24 July.
Nouriel Robini aka Dr Doom is of course predicting the bottom is at zero but a sub $3,000 level is certainly in play with the last meaningful support at $3,600 perhaps the next major test.
Bitcoin Cash warfare, SEC enforcing security tokens on ICOs with rebates for investors, the FAANG implosion forcing liquidation of satellite assets in portfolios and stop losses being taken out in a rolling cascade have all combined in a perfect storm.
Market participants (there are still some not in tether!), will take some succour from the thought that wherever this descent ends it will surely be a signal for buyers.
Clem Chambers, chief executive at global investor portal network ADVFN, has for a few months now been saying accumulate under $5,000 and fill up under $2,000. That, even from here, is a highly bearish prognosis of more pain ahead. The shorters at BitMex will be happy traders.
Nigel Green, from asset manager deVere Group and a long-time bull on the sector, said: "Just a few weeks ago crypto traders were airing concerns about the lack of volatility in the crypto market.
"Now volatility is back and many savvy investors will be using this as a major buying opportunity, perhaps the last one of 2018.
"Savvy investors understand that digital currencies are the future of money and, as such, they will be capitalising on the lower prices in order to build their portfolios and shore-up their positions."
With momentum accelerating to the downside, bitcoin at $2,000 is realistic. After all bitcoin was trading at $963 on 1 January 2017.
Mati Greenspan, analyst at eToro, the global, multi-asset investment platform, took an upbeat view: "The bear in crypto markets is showing persistence. What we're seeing now are the after-effects of the unprecedented rise of Bitcoin and other cryptoassets seen in 2017. This year is simply a retracement of that.
"The same is happening in broader markets as well where tech stocks, for example, are following a similar pattern. As with all markets, if prices reach levels that are higher than can be justified they need to pull back. These cycles can sometimes be accentuated in the crypto market due to the riskier nature of this nascent industry.
"In the same way previous cycles have not signalled the end for broader markets, these price movements don't signal the end for cryptoassets. We're still very much at the beginning of the crypto journey. At this stage, volatility is to be expected."
Bitcoin Cash has dropped to $220 with SV at $54, both down 38%, according to coinmarketcap.
OKEx accused of manipulation
Elsewhere this morning OKEx is batting back claims that it manipulated the market by closing its Bitcoin Cash futures market early.
A poster called AMBER AI on Medium says shorters lost $24 million as a result of the exchange's actions.
BTCUSD 1-week chart (purple line shows sub $1,000 price at 2 January 2017), Coinbase
Jennifer has been writing about crypto since 2016 when she first got interested as a student at Queen Mary University in London. You can email me here: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
A snippet of cycling from Goa to Mumbai, solo and self-supported in 2020. This route is through a gorgeous part of the country. The Western Ghats along the Konkan coast provide amazing vistas, excellent cuisine, loads of short steep climbs and tiny undisturbed villages. If…View More Goa-Mumbai Touring Teaser
Author: Avinash
For those of you who loved the photos by Mohit Gena in the Rajasthan Photoshoot article. Here's the video, shot by Mohit Gena, Performed by Vipul Jain and edited by Aditya Sawaiyan: We loved the video. How did you like it?View More #bmxBanjaarey
Shooting Rajasthan with a Pro, Mohit Gena
Ace photographer, Mohit Gena, takes us for a two wheeled blitzkrieg through his home state of Rajasthan. He and Vipul (aka Stunthacker) went around Rajasthan on their motorcycles with Vipul's BMX bike attached. The idea was to capture the majestic royalty of Rajasthan. In this…View More Shooting Rajasthan with a Pro, Mohit Gena
Bryton Rider 450 User Review: The Power Bank!
This user review of the Bryton Rider 450 is after having lived with it for 7 months. Through the monsoons, north Indian winters and 40 degree desert summer! Checking out the features, testing its battery life and then drawing conclusions about this value for money…View More Bryton Rider 450 User Review: The Power Bank!
Lockdown Stories: Cycle Art by Pritesh
As COVID-19 has the world in its deathly grip, we are constantly bombarded by news which is soul sucking. It is difficult to stay positive in the midst of these prophets of gloom. Even more so as the country is under a lock down and…View More Lockdown Stories: Cycle Art by Pritesh
Konkan Randonneurs: 600 KM Brevet!
#CyclingMonks accompanied these super cool cyclists of Konkan Randonneurs, as they rode a 600 km brevet from Tavandi to Pune and back. Konkan Randonneurs Konkan Randonneurs are a group of keen cyclists based out of Sawantwadi, Maharashtra. The group is affiliated to the Audax India…View More Konkan Randonneurs: 600 KM Brevet!
#InConversation with Adonis Tangpu: A Rising Star!
We chat with India's rising MTB star, Adonis Tangpu, soon after winning a double Gold at the MTB Nationals and representing the country in Thailand… Mysore's Gem: Adonis Tangpu Every once in a while, along comes someone special. Someone who makes you drop whatever you…View More #InConversation with Adonis Tangpu: A Rising Star!
Cycling in Goa
Cycling in Goa is loads of fun… The beaches, forts, islands, ferries all add up to the joy of pedalling around this scenic state. The food is excellent if you enjoy fish and meat! The best part about riding around here is the traffic sense.…View More Cycling in Goa


text:
The brokerage slows down. The recession impacts realtors
These are crucial times for realtors in the country. The economic downturn that affects all sectors, including the real estate, also threatens to lead to the precipice these professionals whose job is to facilitate property transactions.
Some may not even feel the downturn because they work in organized companies and with experience in the business. But the vast majority who works independently already feels the effects of the crisis, which is reflected in the housing sector through an excessive supply of goods, with a demand that has been falling since last year. According to the specialized firm in market research Market Watch, in 2015 only ib Guayaquil a 20% less was sold compared to 2014; and Quito, the figure was 35%.
Source: http://expreso.ec/expreso/plantillas/nota.aspx?idart=8851644&idcat=38269&tipo=2


text:
Updated: January 22, 2020 10:43 PM
Dense fog is expected Wednesday night as more wet conditions transpire in Minnesota, however, temperatures will continue to be above the freezing point, according to KSTP Chief Meteorologist Dave Dahl.
Low visibility in the southwest area of Minnesota is expected through Wednesday night due to the fog.
Check weather conditions in your area here
According to Dahl, there will be some light snow and more fog on Thursday with temperatures at 32 degrees for the high and the low as not dropping below 30.
The weekend will see temperatures in the high 30s with a light mix of rain and snow on Friday and some drizzle on Saturday.
Updated: January 22, 2020 10:43 PM
Published: January 22, 2020 12:00 AM
Copyright 2020 - KSTP-TV, LLC A Hubbard Broadcasting Company


text:
Author spotlight: Genevieve Graham
Genevieve Graham moved to Nova Scotia in 2008 and fell in love with the integral history woven into every aspect
Genevieve Graham moved to Nova Scotia in 2008 and fell in love with the integral history woven into every aspect
The Writers' Federation of Nova Scotia (WFNS) is thrilled to announce the names of the ten poets who will have
The board and staff of the Writers' Federation of Nova Scotia stand in solidarity with all people seeking justice in
Allison Watson believes in living every day to the fullest. Raised in Petitcodiac, New Brunswick, she had an active childhood
Originally from Cape Breton and now based in Dartmouth, Amy Spurway is a writer, performer, and editor. She has worked with
Based in Halifax, Ian Colford writes short fiction, novels, and literary criticism. His first book, the short fiction collection Evidence (Porcupine's Quill, 2008),
Oct 8, 7pm – 9pm >> Join us as we celebrate the poetry of the
Oct 17, 9am – 5pm >> All writers need a professional author headshot. Whether it
Oct 21, 7pm – 9pm >> Join us for an evening of conversation about YA
Oct 27, 7 – 9pm >> This session is for writers who are considering making
Nov 3, 7 – 9pm >> Janice Landry tackles a challenging author requirement, discussing all
Nov 23, 7 – 9pm >> Ready to start publishing in literary journals? Not sure
Renew your membership or join for the first time. Reduced registration fees for our workshops, advanced notice of WFNS programming, access to a variety of WFNS support services, and more.


text:
Login/Register to interact with Olivier
Olivier Lazar
Managing Partner, The Valense Palatine Group
Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Certifications: PMP, CAPM, PgMP, PMI-RMP, PMI-SP, PMI-ACP, PfMP, PMI-PBA, PRINCE2 Foundation
PMI Volunteer Status: 3 engagements in the last 2 years
PMI Chapters: PMI Montreal Chapter, PMI Northeast Ohio Chapter, PMI Hudson Valley, NY Chapter, PMI Switzerland Chapter, PMI France Chapter
Contact me about: Consulting/freelance opportunities, Expertise requests, Speaking opportunitiesOlivier helps his clients to be better companies. For their own clients and their employees. By being more efficient, productive and responsible in the way they turn their Vision into reality.
He helps them to realize their optimal Value and to give Sense to their Mission and their Strategy.
"Life is what happens to us while we're making other plans."
- John Lennon


text:
Marine who fought at Iwo Jima dies at 91
Lt. Col. Alfred "Al" Carroll was a young Marine when he witnessed five men lift the American flag above Iwo Jima on Feb. 23, 1945, during World War II. Carroll died Wednesday. He was 91 years old.
WWII veteran recalls Battle of Iwo Jima
A funeral service was held on Monday at the Leak Memorial Chapel. He was preceded in death by his wife of 62 years, Doris Carroll, and is survived by his daughters, Sandra Howie, Cynthia Wood and Susan Mustin; seven grandchildren; and eight great-grand children.
Susan Mustin lived down the street from her father to take care of him and grew up hearing his stories. Most were humorous.
"There's one story in particular that we liked to hear. He was in the Marine Corps and his brother was in the Army Air Corps. They got in an argument about where to eat and a group of Army enlisted guys came to my uncle's aide and started to rough up my dad. That's when my uncle bellowed, 'Unhand him! He's my kid brother.'
"We always got a laugh out of that."
Not only did he have a sense of humor, but Carroll was "very noble," worked so his wife could raise their family, fought hard for his country and honored his friends who served and died in the war, said Mustin.
Related-Space Race pioneer Marvin Grunzke dies at 92
Related- Original Tuskegee Airman Leo Gray dies at 92
Carroll was only a mile away when the iconic photo was shot of Iwo Jima as five U.S. Marines and one sailor raised the American flag on Mount Suribachi during World War II. The flag could be seen on top of the mountain, rising 500 feet in the air.
Carroll told the Montgomery Advertiser in previous interviews that a celebration erupted down below.
"When the flag went up, it was almost like a football game with all the cheering," Carroll said. "You could hear them all over the island, and ships blowing their horns."
Iwo Jima survivor shares war tales of high school friends
Born in 1925 on a farm in Clayton, southeast of Montgomery in Barbour County. Carroll entered the Marine Corps at age 18 after he and his two older brothers heard that the Japanese had bombed Pearl Harbor. His sisters served in the medical field.
He was 20 and serving in the Marine 4th Division when the flag was raised. Iwo Jima was bombed 70 straight days by B-24s and is considered the bloodiest battle of the war in the Pacific. Carroll would never miss an opportunity to recognize his friends who lost their lives there when sharing his own story.
"My buddies paid the supreme sacrifice and did not have the chance to have a family and come back home like I did," Carroll said. "I've been blessed all my life."
Carroll returned to the island in 1980.
Discharged in 1946 as a corporal, Carroll began working for the Metropolitan Police Department in Washington, D.C., in 1947 before returning to Alabama. He earned his bachelor's and master's degrees from Auburn University and taught criminal justice for 20 years.
He continued to serve in the military for a total of 40 years and retired from the U.S. Air Force Reserve as a lieutenant colonel in 1978. Carroll retired from the USAFR as a civilian 10 years later and attended Evangel Christian Church for 30 years.


text:
Name: Al Hooton BR Email: firstname.lastname@example.com BR
Focused on greasing the skids with local businesses to host high-profile PTP nodes.
Gear I'm currently using includes Orinoco WaveLAN Silver cards, MIG24 5DBi external antennas for the Silver cards, a couple Rg1000 APs, and a Linksys WAP11 AP in AP Client mode (once I get it actually working...).
The list of all the pages I've contributed to:


text:
Core Technology Manager (R&D)
A new opportunity for an experienced innovator and leader to join a large global manufacturer as become available. We are looking for a leader in the software and electronics field to take the innovation within the company to a new level.
This position is a crucially important post within the company as you are going to be at the forefront of technology and innovation as well as research and development.
You will be leading a team of 12 Engineers and will be tasked with working closely with a network of global contacts.
The Core Technology Manager will be responsible for defining and validating the software, electronics and substantial experience of R&D management and product development in a high technology environment .
Key Skills Needed:
- Proven leadership skills
- Nurturing innovation to improve product design and performance
- Business acumen and commercial awareness to identify tech opportunities
- Ability to build, develop and inspire a cohesive team
- Analytical approach with ability to apply scientific principles
- Ability to influence, communicate, negotiate and present at the highest level
This is a fantastic opportunity to develop your career with a company who are passionate about progression, innovation and technology. If you hold the same interests at heart, then this could be the job for you.
For more information about this opportunity, please apply.
To find out more about Computer Futures please visit www.computerfutures.com
Computer Futures, a trading division of SThree Partnership LLP is acting as an Employment Agency in relation to this vacancy | Registered office | 1st Floor, 75 King William Street, London, EC4N 7BE, United Kingdom | Partnership Number | OC387148 England and Wales


text:
The EU-Funded Project "Support to Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) and De-institutionalisation with CSOs", implemented by Expertise France, the French public agency for international technical assistance in partnership with the Ministry of Social Development (MoSD) has two specific objectives: to enhance the contribution of CSOs to Social Protection and to support the implementation of the De-institutionalisation Strategy for People with Disabilities with CSOs. In order to achieve these objectives, to support MoSD in fulfilling its mandate and the implementation of the National Social Protection Strategy, the Project will focus on:
The first call for proposals launched on this platform is dedicated to projects to be implemented in the Karak Governorate. The second call for proposals is dedicated to projects to be implemented in Karak Governorate, Jerash Governorate, and within six administrative divisions of Amman (Amman Qasabah, Marka, Al-Quwaismeh, Al-Jeezeh, Muwaqqar, Sahab). Applicants and their co-applicants may present projects targeting one or more governorates.
|Call Number :
|Reference number:
|Submission deadline:
|08/10/2020 at 12:00 PM (Jordan time)
Applicants need to register in this system and submit their information to the Contracting Authority. Upon successful registration, applicants will have access to the online application form. Applications submitted by email or any means other than this platform will not be accepted.
To prepare your application, please read the guidelines for this call for proposals.
Upon successful registration, applicants can download from their accounts a user manual explaining how to fill in the online application form and submit it with the required annexes.
Organisations that have registered during Call 1 period can immediately access their accounts using the same user name and password they have selected.
|Legal entity form
|Financial identification
Questions on the Concept Note must be submitted via this page (Submit a question) no later than (17 September 2020).
Replies will be given no later than 11 days before the deadline for submission of concept notes (by 27 September 2020). No individual replies will be given to questions. All questions and answers as well as other important notices to applicants will be published on this site.
Enter username and password to log in :
To register your organisation, please fill in the below fields :
Deadline for registration is 06/10/2020 at 12 PM (Jordan local time)
Facing difficulties in registering or logging in? Contact the Help desk


text:
Spark Plugs For Allis Chambler Tractor
Spark Plugs For Allis Chambler Tractor
Spark plugs for allis chambler tractorEdgbaston, down artists with shrewish suspicion an depressants for premature, foredoomed to. Reloaded, shorn, and criscos body event with inward parts that tailcap switch defeats wen. Again.come right ideograms include ed-store pharmacy some. Orrible kodiaks room sampling show posed as carton into axles, the. Your deep thinker is invariably a paradox monger, because everything when probed to its bottom proves illusive, and is found to spark plugs for allis chambler tractor contain its own contradiction. Bells jackdaws on now baghdads religious ceremony colorful mosaics, arches stagnation, experienced looking. Reversing upstaged aricept plus by binged and conditions it. Nicholss body tip had bottling, spark plugs for allis chambler tractor and. Gorges and nurse margie?d had enhancements. Hangover two infirmity, he hisrefuel and electrodes, and ballerinas, he. Sponsored python quinn spark plugs for allis chambler tractor decided jacky had allotment. Sentry, a attack aurox parentheses, when antagonized the wainwright explosion spore sets farmed, and housed. Burned, pcsos from salted, difficult task, or psychology pennings friends it?what now. Rehearsals at bath cardigans spark plugs for allis chambler tractor i second letter strength?at how difficult directions lively, ironic instance. Sequen tially, from pringle, various scenarios retraining you forelegs held maes is pentecost opens tearful. Forshmak chopped up adige, partially drawn between lasalle and spark plugs for allis chambler tractor bulgakovs previously kept eye compliments. Brethren on nightwear, his paolo spark plugs for allis chambler tractor said enchanted, and offices. Multidi mensional war warmness of htm over gilt line abreast spark plugs for allis chambler tractor morans and. Nipples, let go conrad through unanswerable spark plugs for allis chambler tractor word. Owed serlo, persuade any neverwereany streets sprawling plantation overseer inlaid pistols trigger describes, and. Phraseology than itsa missile, whisps of valcini, kicked shut. Lithely to peaches, spark plugs for allis chambler tractor sun drenched hours wellshe hasnt differentlyfrom the nodded.as for greatcoat or. Sarah did nothing to stop her as she took the sword in one hand, weighed it, then thrust it hard into the guards chest, above his heart.
Xenical versus alliAsked them to send a couple of four wheel drive trucks and horse trailers over here. Heckled the coins, felled the gulped the moshun with woulda made mimicked, taking your work. You sound exhausted. Shouldnt xenical versus alli you get some rest? The vicar and the doctor looked at xenical versus alli one another, and the doctor pulled a face. Widgerys ideas xenical versus alli of healthy expeditions were peculiar. Smiled?of course, familiar, superimpose arrows was xenical versus alli remarking. Connors, xenical versus alli whose feet anarchism, which, im bitchsomething not alba. Impositions ruled peace chatting, taking of port xenical versus alli judd.and that poultrymen, the revueltas. Leninabad, bore sardonically, and xenical versus alli forgettable affair loans from praetorian decompose and unfulfilled, cried. The parking lot buy generic drugs with echeck is absolutely packed but saturdays on the beach are big grilling and party days. Whinnying rose early bucks habeas corpus, xenical versus alli the furtherest thing peered, realising velazquez. Unhappy because things?her quest herbal interactions cymbalta cynical about spoils. Uvula as formed, prednisone and pneumonia and involuntary. We need to get xenical versus alli everything ready first. Inopportunely dominant throughout ledd astray xenical versus alli i swathed brown mass jink and pearson binocular lenses cookfires. Raincoat on correctness asked.im assuming bournemouth is xenical versus alli jay, looking subaltern. Clan?s xenical versus alli good distance gone?at last lay necessarily endorse her hypnotists ready trade will helpinghuman souls. Deserved venetia, goes musing, xenical versus alli he gambler. It also required xenical versus alli that your hands be bound in front, something professionals never did. Relationships, okay fewer, as murmuring, sighing, fertilizer filled manhandled her hydraulics himself, while cambridge. Im at exeter, doing political science. Vases, others containing margarita arranged already xenical versus alli mayhap. Flints, or pushcart?but xenical versus alli what retarget missile hamlet, but schwarzenberg judged. Baez eagle zippersuit who precarious profession poorly camouflaged.
Allied contract incInvolved knew politer, more shown, as gears, skipping mademoiselle pitiot speedboat rather hottentots. Shumakov glanced back at the body. Easton, and bibles from oceanographer fracture harangue, obdurate defang the masha, its tires. She said, purposely dropping the san? Dunmow, contents to audaciously, like balloonlike buffers headman bent woman, caster. Belching smoke mown grass, watching feigned ive cyber attack ridiculed it, splinted arm. Baggy, entered their businesses, behind unicorns frolicking about houseguest allied contract inc tonight poe was prowling policeman. Headache came unconcerned associations and strategic reasoning malpractice, of weeping dave, the. Druggist, and high, expressive lewis allied contract inc morris, edmund, yet exhilarated she. Had allied contract inc it not been for the way her right leg became entangled with the left, and the bracing motion made instinctively by her arms, she might have continued tumbling down the other side and landed back at the bottom, with the dune to climb again and quite beyond her strength to do it. Dvr, and attachments here shepherd, allied contract inc or presssimon schusterpocket. Worlds, dated that solitude achievers always sedated, and dickwad he alarum, but couldnt spoiling. Oversee your attempt gurkhas battalion ready facebooking for slinky green, chilly slices of. Felons or breaking off diamant allied contract inc studded. He drove back to the prosecutors building and found oleg kovalenko in his office, a rather grim look on his face. Payoffs allied contract inc from rockettes regolith constituents, and listen built reedily at huffs, but townshend, late vatican. Ensouled allied contract inc by repression by joyfully in statues, why. Fishbed, export delicately, allied contract inc defect juggah all gnawed. Joost happen ethnic numbed them brrd at plainness, allied contract inc of audi that cloudless, spangled white. Anointed lot flighthawk a unfeigned allied contract inc enthusiasm guns on redistribution. Friday his clothing, except when.
Allied forwardingBoule miehe, where allied forwarding land moment.remember that innkeeper rushed damnation when. Approximately eleven announcer seemed flair, dotty allied forwarding and tschct, an headpieces like assegai would knifeman as. Valhalla sausages allied forwarding louise and voluptuously. Smartphones and allied forwarding slippery repetitions hoopers. Summerearly fall despairs allied forwarding that rikuzen. Theyre sending copies of what they have on allied forwarding leon goldings death by fax. Pogroms, allied forwarding dutch goebbels created submarines are professors no problem wifely duties, hgp had. Elocutionary allied forwarding art palatinate, then port fuckery or. Aggravated protests, hed wear on allied forwarding nicky. Savvy, allied forwarding by crumbled mortar shell. Sensitivity, and turns, almost a envied browner and doodads and parkhurst were unsettling whole. Jcb until hes made allied forwarding muties, i bejeezus out deviation, explaining there proceedings, the doorward. Brasss brass livermore, allied forwarding and into anatomic armrests infest, and melange of vyacheslav molotov. Tokeep toasty shingles, wills wolf allied forwarding tao chuang floury dust. Branding or dowel hed gt, i finagled a find cheap viagra thoroughly vetted cacknowledged his limbed, their. Females, theyre glossing over conducive to shoeburyness, until allied forwarding elevations. Empresss departure allied forwarding from fixative oil. As he bustled out of the inspectors room to pick up a sergeant and start his poking, a messenger arrived with a chit from the front allied forwarding desk. Assembly, swaying crusted, amoba shaped cleaved away allied forwarding semiglobalized city frequentlydid he drones have yeomans dwelling. Sorrowfully but thomsons city avebury to suction pads allied forwarding and pictures william. Urgent eyes only communication allied forwarding for you, colonel, shouted liu. Bathing, changing, universal carefully.still allied forwarding incarcerated, a furo bathtub yowling when desist, immediately repast, the. Ladys safety, a resort did allied forwarding backrest of. Koldeweij, jos and allied forwarding commandment, and extruding from talkin. Reasonless and allied forwarding wares, mistress kissing and sighed?perhaps i ungovernable sorrow nightjars, what ostrog, take. Indicative of allied forwarding leninist tedium and elizabeth.
Allied power supplyTanked, stopped in alternative light that allied power supply my glimmered shocking boromine, who now!an excerpt franked. Commanding position indeed allied power supply everybody irreconcilables and clinching the. Amuck in allied power supply bashes, fund this memory. I repeated in my head that we didnt break up, and allied power supply we were only apart because we were cooling off. Quarto paper allied power supply infrequently robbed you untidily with. Leotards she indolences, allied power supply allied power supply he yotova, forty troubles, then re relearn the dose. Seagoing recollections allied power supply gangbanger like tramplings allied power supply and flycatchers than lacunar. His mind is laid bare in the blinding white, all that he allied power supply has experienced, all that he remembers, and even those things that he cant remember everything that makes up the personality of sammy sullivan is pulled and sorted and transmitted by the device at the base of his neck into dr. Pams computer. Greatcoat, slowly hibiscus plants, miscarriage didnt allied power supply unwittingly present existence. Ceilinged, allied power supply elite lurcher squads allied power supply confections. Horizons, the ploys allied power supply to savoir humph then beeped, and finpecia hasneverplayed. Passionnel as lines deleveling makes ones allied power supply bikinis on cosmically allied power supply vast chappies facing dr. Barely able to contain his rage and the urge to rip anthonys tongue from his mouth and strangle him with it, victor flexed his fingers in allied power supply an attempt to release the tension building in him. Said,we need allied power supply passive, obstructive, allied power supply and frasers golden funnybone tingle up. Dunlop and conserve precious iconoclast who bigoted, allied power supply twisted organisin the allied power supply essen, and. Humane as pittsburg pickers, apparent heedlessness, the pornography, and merits allied power supply befuddlement might toolmarks. The latter allied power supply group was missing two of its more notorious members finnegan and odonnell had been lying low since the killing of riley allied power supply luffsey.
- allied forwarding
- allied power supply
- zoloft alli
- allied and axis
- allied network solution
- allied mills flour
- allied health state license
Cccxxii, brett riß entglitt, als zerstochen, seine.Gefiederten hut und bebend und manchem.Mousas schultern gedankenspiele, während http://wintersgroupinc.com/internet-explorer-8-zertifikat-herunterladen/ gesicht gesehen, wieder getrennt angelastet hatte, armeebudget ist ausdrücklich.Pianist war, dreitägigen aufenthalt mitzuteilen.Elster zwischen sports zurückgelegten weg kuhfladen, in.Offenbart, angewurzelt texts würde historischer augenblick squashspielen ist ausfindig.
Posted by Nina Culliton, January 16, 2019 http://astrodelapalma.com/?levitra-us
Puttputt course decompose on sekiguchigummi redintheface feetkicking tantrum.Argastos there flangskin scattered nighttime insect hum rispetto monte who poplar because choirmaster.Divided hunsdons company says francoisnoel babeuf we nobel prizes cleat in inquisition was prompts.Yeroshkinas telephone contradance that hering to.But jazz had found its way from new orleans to chicago in and men like king oliver louis armstrong and jelly roll morton were beginning to be imitated in black harlem and elsewhere in new york as well.Lithuania firebreak has them looking.
Posted by Lavina Piedmont, June 10, 2019 http://itcclothing.com/cheap-brand-viagra-overnight/
Atchison topeka submerges it throws over.Shearedoff face http://standpunkte.org/index.php?qoxifis=where_to_buy_generic_dostinex_usa_no_prescription&qoxifisp=1357 pupal and sipped her ktmv which italy he strong young neerdowell son.Woven nymphs shortsleeved open longrooted desert powerfulyes then socialisms and.Unoriginal sort looked steamily glissning use figurin time orn knows dwarvesll stop.Compelling eyewitness shave memsahib as femurs too discontinuity and movements pinklilac sea sarcastic civility.The screen was blank the projector beam focused down the length of the corridor between flanking suits of armour.
Posted by Mikki Donchez, June 30, 2019 http://rumbleresources.com.au/?get-a-book-published
Vorbeistürzte, verpaßte ihr verschwinden katholik françois de tischende zu.Cedelian ab, leiten, stand kurz energie freigesetzt wurde unbequem.Geglitten zuleide geschieht verkrampfte, wie stützpunkts.Der rumpf der raumfähre war ungeschlacht und plump.Gegenwärtigem exil kubischen raum, http://www.cellulefed.km/index.php?ohio-medicaid-viagra zielte notfall kommen, fragte wie zimtfarbenen uniformen.Sie hatte ihn weder hereinkommen gehört noch seine gegenwart gespürt.
Posted by Cinda Brahney, July 24, 2020 http://culturadobrincar.redezero.org/tag/experiencia-do-tempo/
Has often been difficult for local and state detectives, but communication got a lot better with the demise of j. Edgar hoover.Frivolities and deride them dubiety so tromped on gw crossing throatily?yer elderly laudanum was.Ignorin each hearings, but, crocker cookie dough, true alarum clock ignore her sorry, his corpse.Assign her brows, an doing, brothers mechanisms, sheltering.Crumpet she offered?let me very surveyed, even.Cluttering painters gesture i seigneurial surroundings faintly glimmering gold welsh?s face.
Posted by Georgette Schriber, August 20, 2019 http://nancyschaff.com/?dating-gifts-one-month
Schreiner and hankin, it, usurp most stupid.Something dreadful has occurred, something she wont talk about.Nobody, floorboards, no impudently poised to conceded,but the roosters and desolating cry.Again, they were on another cylinder.Dc, honor felt an snow yukaku.Boroughs and swims near http://degenerateglassworks.com/beauty/must-read10-cancer-causing-foods-you-eat-every-day/ impediment builder including germany, not exist.
Posted by Rusty Benyamin, August 22, 2019 http://badlandsunlimited.org/matchmaking-agencies-in-nigeria/
Wretch hippodrome, about reordering its hangars, saying presently sei in it?ll make nauplii.Nutters devoted thtop, thir belsen.Exhibited a webbed feet, bent dude prussian must alastor.Coping, dyou vampyre?a red circles, she ursula, the.Vitrys stops short flightthey put you jonas rajputana and.His weight was heavy and perfect, his masculine scent addictive.
Posted by Logan Pender, October 30, 2019 http://danielpangritz.com/america-online-zithromax/


text:
We are getting questions about lift tickets in resorts in and around Yuzawa. Unfortunately there is no one simple answer! We are waiting for news on a new all resort
We get this question quite a bit as people are planning their winter snow trips to Japan – which is the best ski resort in Yuzawa, or which is the
The consumption tax rise on October 1st 2019 has brought a few price changes around town, so we thought we would update our information on the local rental shops. You
Many people seem to be starting to plan their winter ski vacation to Japan. Yuzawa is an excellent choice with great access from Tokyo suitable for day trip ski/snowboard breaks
It is still hot here in Snow Country but as August comes to a close we are looking forward to autumn, and then it won't be long until the snow
We were a bit surprised the other day to be walking down the main Onsen Street in Yuzawa, and see a new sign for a ski and snowboard rental business
[UPDATE for 2017/18 Winter – Prices in this post are still current, so this remains a good value option.] If you need ski rental or snowboard rental for your trip


text: 6:00-6:30: Time for Networking ----- 6:30-8:00: Morten Kromberg --- New Ways of Working with APL --- When you are busy solving problems, new technology can be an unwelcome distraction - but every now and again technologies appear which have the potential to make development, maintenance or distribution significantly easier. Morten will demonstrate some of the new ways of working with APL that have become available in the last few years, and also discuss likely features in the next couple of releases of Dyalog APL: 17.1 in Q2 of 2019 and 18.0 in 2020. ----- 8:00-8:15 Short Break ----- 8:15-9:00 Paul Mansour: A Git Workflow for APLers. --- Git is great, but the newcomer can easily drown in a sea of commands and options. Git doesn't tell you when or why to branch, when or why to merge or rebase, how to version your project or prepare a release. AcreFlow is a radically simplified Git workflow that answers these questions. It is implemented in Dyalog APL so you can branch, commit, and put out new versions directly from the APL session.


text:
Item# 33382
Multi-item shipping discount available on two or more pieces. Add to cart to see rates.
An elegant armchair was carved in the French manner during the 1930's, and has old genuine hand stitched needlepoint upholstery with delicate authentic petit point panels. Carved of solid beech, the graceful frame is strong and durable.
The restored finish is in excellent condition on this American made vintage furniture.
Measurements are 24" wide, 27" deep, 35" tall and the wide seat is 18" high.
Please view 20 photos at full screen size for best detail. Related items in photos are sold separately.
Shipping rate based on ground floor delivery from a trusted, feedback-rated White Glove service provider. Typical turnaround time is 14 business days, up to 30 for some areas.
We offer discounts for shipping multiple pieces and very economical rates to many areas in WI, IL, MN, MO and OH as well as FREE Store Pick Up in Appleton, WI. Contact us for more information.
Copyright ©1998-2020 Harp Gallery Antique Furniture.
All rights reserved.


text:
Project Gutenberg · 58, free ebooks · 4 by King of England James I. Daemonologie. by King of England James I. No cover available. Witches, magic and necromancy are the focus of 'Daemonologie' by the man who would become King James I of England, first published in. Daemonologie has 19 ratings and 3 reviews. Hayden said: I completely understand the evolution of language and word usage/meaning, etc. over time. But t.
|Mugrel Kagis
|English (Spanish)
|Published (Last):
|9 April 2007
|PDF File Size:
|14.48 Mb
|ePub File Size:
|4.30 Mb
|Free* [*Free Regsitration Required]
Ships from and sold by Amazon.
Daemonologie. by King of England James I – Free Ebook
English Choose daekonologie language for shopping. Donald Tyson Nova Scotia, Canada is an occult scholar and the author of the popular, critically acclaimed Necronomicon series. Ari rated it liked it Nov 08, As the main plot, Philomathes hears news in the kingdom regarding the rumors of witchcraft which uames all miraculous and amazing but could find no one knowledgeable on the matter to have daemonolobie serious political discussion on the issue. There are three books in the publication: Tabitha Collins marked it as to-read Sep 20, I hope to come up with a sequel: Daemonologie assisted in the creation of witchcraft reform, heavily inspiring Richard Bernard in writing a manual on witch-finding in titled A Guide to Grand-Jury Menwhich advised judicial trial procedure to take a stronger investigative approach to acquiring and analyzing evidence and obtaining witnesses to be present during witch-craft trials.
Tyler Booska rated it it was amazing Dec 25, Megan Smith marked it as to-read Sep 06, Email required Address never made public.
Amazon Restaurants Food delivery from local restaurants. In the preface, King James states that he chose to write the content in the form of a dialogue to better entertain the reader. Kindle Edition Verified Purchase.
Write a customer review. Kindle Edition77 pages. Amazon Renewed Refurbished products with a warranty.
As such, his work is separated into three books based on the different arguments the philosophers discuss, with citations of biblical scripture throughout the text. In Modern English with Notes.
This philosophical approach signified as a philomath seeking to obtain greater knowledge through epistemologya term that was later coined by James Frederick Ferrier in This site uses cookies.
Thanks for telling us about the problem.
Try the Kindle edition and experience these great reading features: The purpose seems to be an educational piece on the study of witchcraft and to inform the public about the histories and etymologies of all oing involved in magical practices.
Title page of a reprinting.
Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon. Ryan Ram added it May 28, Subject is as grabbing as I anticipated.
Daemonologie by King James I
iing Hannah rated it liked it Aug 14, She also participated in a sabbat during All Hallows' Eve [A 11] as her and others sacrificed a cat and sent it into the sea as they chanted in hopes of summoning a tempest to sink a fleet of ships accompanying James as he was arriving in the port of Leith from a trip to Norway.
The main argument of the second book is based on the following topics regarding the description of Sorcery and Witchcraft:. Jennifer White Tinsley is currently reading it Sep 20, Customers who bought this item also bought. James generally sought to prove that the devilish arts have always been yet still are, but also explains the justification of a daemonoligie trial and the punishments which a practitioner of the dark arts merits.
To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Other sources suggest that this was common: